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Fabienne Terwinghe Born 1968 (age 55–56) Nationality Belgian Occupation Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) Modeling information Height 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) Hair color brown Eye color brown Agency Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) Fabienne Terwinghe , also spelled "Therwinghe" [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) (born 1968) is a Belgian model (/wiki/Model_(person)) who was active during the late 1980s and 1990s. Early life [ edit ] Terwinghe grew up in Belgium. She reached her full adult height at age 14, and stated she was uncomfortable with her tall stature due to teasing from peers. [2] (#cite_note-Egos-2) She expressed an interest in modeling in her teens, and cut her hair short to help achieve a unique image. [2] (#cite_note-Egos-2) Career [ edit ] Terwinghe walked the runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) for Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , Complice, Krizia (/wiki/Krizia) , Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) , and Industria in the early 1990s. She also modeled for a large number of advertisements, including those for Armani (/wiki/Armani) , Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) , Chico's (/wiki/Chico%27s_(retail_chain)) , Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) , Lancaster, Nautica (/wiki/Nautica_(clothing_company)) , and Pierre Balmain (/wiki/Pierre_Balmain) . Some of her more prestigious and successful modeling work was for cosmetic house Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) in one of the "Unforgettable Women" advertisements, photographed by Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) . Terwinghe appeared with fellow models Cordula Reyer (/wiki/Cordula_Reyer) , Michaela Bercu (/wiki/Michaela_Bercu) , and Carré Otis (/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_Otis) for the print ad. Terwinghe later became a spokes model for cosmetic house Helena Rubinstein (/wiki/Helena_Rubinstein) . Another high-profile endorsement of Fabienne Terwinghe's was for lingerie, fashion, and beauty brand Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) . [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) She was also the cover subject for the American and Italian editions of Elle , the Italian edition of |Marie Claire , and the Spanish edition of Vogue . She also appeared in the music video for New Order's "Round and Round" from the 1989 album Technique . [3] (#cite_note-3) Anti-fur activism [ edit ] In 1994, with fellow models Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Tatjana Patitz (/wiki/Tatjana_Patitz) , Heather Stewart-Whyte (/wiki/Heather_Stewart-Whyte) and Emma Wiklund (/wiki/Emma_Wiklund) , Terwinghe posed nude in a PETA (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) anti-fur (/wiki/Anti-fur) ad. [4] (#cite_note-4) Terwinghe has stated that throughout her modeling career, she has refused to pose wearing fur. [2] (#cite_note-Egos-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Fabienne Terwinghe profile on FMD" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Fabienne_Therwinghe/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 2011-04-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Pener, Degen (May 16, 1993). "Rising Above the Slights of Youth" (https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/16/style/egos-ids-rising-above-slights-of-youth.html) . New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Round & Round (& Round & Round & Round & Round" (http://cerysmatic.factoryrecords.org/2017/05/round-and-round-and-round-and-round-and-round-and-round-and-round-new-order.html) . cerysmatic.factoryrecords.org. 18 May 2017 . Retrieved 20 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sentinel, Orlando (17 January 1994). "Fashion models bare skin to fight for animals' hides" (https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1994-01-17-9401170302-story.html) . OrlandoSentinel.com . Retrieved 2021-01-11 . 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Italian model, muse, stylist, journalist, photographer and jewelry designer Marina Schiano Born ( 1941-11-18 ) 18 November 1941 Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Italy Died 8 September 2019 (2019-09-08) (aged 77) Porto Seguro (/wiki/Porto_Seguro) , Bahia (/wiki/Bahia) , Brazil Nationality Italian Years active 1950s - 2001 Known for YSL Spouses Frederick W. Hughes (/wiki/Frederick_W._Hughes) Marcus Vinícius Coelho Marina Schiano (18 November 1941 - 8 September 2019) was an Italian fashion model, muse (/wiki/Muse) , fashion stylist, journalist, photographer and a jewelry designer. Early life [ edit ] Schiano was born in Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Italy to parents Michele Schiano and Anna Facciolli. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) Her father was involved in construction and her mother had an aristocratic background. [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) Her childhood was said to be unhappy, she was described as tall for her age, strong-willed, a deep husky voice and was described as unattractive, especially by her mother. [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) At age 14 or 15, she left home and traveled to Milan (/wiki/Milan) to become a model. [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) After the death of her father, she moved to Rome where her uncle lived and studied political science (/wiki/Political_science) at university. [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) Returning to Milan later, she met model Elsa Peretti (/wiki/Elsa_Peretti) . [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) Career [ edit ] Sciano arrived in New York in 1967 with her friend Elsa Peretti. [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) There she was said to have been discovered by photographer Yasuhiro Wakabayashi (/wiki/Hiro_(photographer)) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) In 1968, she appeared in a twenty-eight-page feature in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , photographed by Henry Clark (/wiki/Henry_Clarke_(photographer)) . [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) During her time in modelling and fashion, she worked with many photographers including Jeanloup Sieff (/wiki/Jeanloup_Sieff) , Clive Arrowsmith, Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) , Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) , John Fairchild (/wiki/John_Fairchild_(editor)) , Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) and Grace Coddington (/wiki/Grace_Coddington) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) She appeared in many international editions of Vogue and other fashion magazines. [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) She worked with many fashion designers including Valentino Garavani (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) and Giancarlo Giammetti (/wiki/Giancarlo_Giammetti) , in particular a muse to Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) and François Nars (/wiki/NARS_Cosmetics) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) As a socialite, she became part of the New York society scene, seen regularly with Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) , Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) and Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) In 1972, she was hired by fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent and his business partner Pierre Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) to manage the YSL (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) store in New York. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) Her responsibilities increased and she became YSL's Communications Director and Vice-President for North America and managed their 52 boutiques and 21 licencees. [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) [4] (#cite_note-Holly-4) She was responsible for YSL's launch of the perfume Opium (/wiki/Opium_(perfume)) in the US in 1977. [4] (#cite_note-Holly-4) [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) In 1980 she stepped down at YSL, formed her own public relations firm, and managed the company's image. [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) She ended her relationship with YSL in 1982. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) She then joined Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(company)) as their National and International Director of Public Relation, attempting to bring some contacts and glamour to the brand. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) After three years, she joined Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) as its Creative Style Director for editor Tina Brown (/wiki/Tina_Brown) . [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) There she would dress Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) and K.D.Lang (/wiki/K.D.Lang) for some of the magazine's famous covers. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) In 1992 she was retrenched from Vanity Fair in a shake-up by editor Graydon Carter (/wiki/Graydon_Carter) . [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) Schiano then began her own line of over-sized jewelry consisting of semiprecious jeweled silver and gold rings, something she had indulged in before, sold in high-end stores. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) Around 2001, she withdrew from her New York (/wiki/New_York_City) life and friends and moved to Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) with her husband. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) [2] (#cite_note-WWD-2) Marriage [ edit ] Her first marriage in 1973 was to Andy Warhol's business manager Frederick Hughes (/wiki/Frederick_W._Hughes) . The marriage was brief but allowed her to obtain a green card (/wiki/Green_card) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) [3] (#cite_note-Vouge01-3) [5] (#cite_note-5) Later she married photographer Marcus Vinícius Coelho, with whom she was married for more than forty years. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) Death [ edit ] Schiano died in Porto Seguro, Brazil from complications following surgery for kidney cancer. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) She was survived by her husband, Marcus Vinícius Coelho. [1] (#cite_note-NYT01-1) Filmography [ edit ] Stardust Memories (/wiki/Stardust_Memories) (1980) as Cabaret Patron [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Felder, Rachel (18 September 2019). "Marina Schiano, Distinctive Presence in the Fashion World, Dies at 77" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/18/fashion/marina-schiano-dead.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 19 September 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Feitelberg, Rosemary; Salibian, Sandra (10 September 2019). "Yves Saint Laurent Muse Marina Schiano Dies" (https://wwd.com/eye/people/marina-schiano-dies-at-1203270425/) . WWD . Retrieved 22 September 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Borrelli-Persson, Laird. "Remembering Marina Schiano: Model, Muse, and Magnate" (https://www.vogue.com/article/obituary-marina-schiano-model-yves-saint-laurent-muse-magnate) . Vogue . Retrieved 19 September 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "YSL muse Marina Schiano dead at 71" (http://www.hollywood.com/general/ysl-muse-marina-schiano-dead-at-71-60761596/) . Hollywood.com . 10 September 2019 . Retrieved 22 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fraser-Cavassoni, Natasha (2017-08-01). After Andy: Adventures in Warhol Land . Penguin. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780399183553 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Marina Schiano" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0771273/) . IMDb . Retrieved 2019-09-19 . 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German model and beauty pageant titleholder Sarah-Lorraine Riek Born Sarah-Lorraine Riek ( 1992-11-15 ) 15 November 1992 (age 31) Heidenheim, Germany (/wiki/Heidenheim,_Germany) Occupation Model Height 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Bavaria 2012 (/wiki/Berlin) Miss Germany Universe 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Germany) Hair color Dark brown Eye color Hazel Major competition(s) Miss Deutschland 2012 (/wiki/Germany) (3rd Runner up) Miss Germany Universe 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Germany) (Winner) Miss Universe 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2015) (Unplaced) Sarah-Lorraine Kessel (born 15 November 1992 as Sarah-Lorraine Riek) is a German (/wiki/Germans) model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Germany (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Germany) 2015 and represented Germany (/wiki/Germany) at the Miss Universe 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2015) pageant. Career [ edit ] Sarah-Lorraine Riek was born in Heidenheim (/wiki/Heidenheim,_Germany) on 15 November 1992. She grew up in South Korea, Malaysia, Sweden and the US before her family moved to a small Bavarian village called Syrgenstein in 2001. [1] (#cite_note-noise-1) In 2012 Riek was crowned Miss Bavaria and competed in the Miss Germany (/wiki/Miss_Germany) pageant in Halle. [ which? ] She was awarded Miss Internet by the Miss Germany Organization, [2] (#cite_note-2) and was a contestant at the Miss Exclusive of the World. [ when? ] During her reign as Miss Bavaria she worked as an ambassador and founder of an awareness and prevention project for cervical cancer in cooperation with the Euromed clinic in Fürth (/wiki/F%C3%BCrth) . [1] (#cite_note-noise-1) On 11 October 2015 Riek was crowned Miss Germany Universe 2015 at the DorMero Hotel in Bonn (/wiki/Bonn) . As Miss Germany, she competed at the Miss Universe 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2015) pageant held at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas (/wiki/Planet_Hollywood_Las_Vegas) on 20 December 2015. [ citation needed ] Riek holds a degree in business and law and aspires to be a lawyer for human rights. [1] (#cite_note-noise-1) In 2018 Kessel married the German soccer player Benjamin Kessel (/wiki/Benjamin_Kessel) . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "SARAH-LORRAINE RIEK Als Model von Syrgenstein in die Welt" (http://www.noise-online.de/spezial/stories/sarah-lorraine-riek/) . www.noise-online.de . www.noise-online.de. 15 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss Deutschland 2012 - Susan Henry" (http://pageant-mania.ephpbb.com/t6993-miss-deutschland-2012-susan-henry) . pageant-mania.ephpbb.com . pageant-mania.ephpbb.com. 25 April 2012. External links [ edit ] "Sarah-Lorraine Riek darf für Deutschland zur Miss-Universe-Wahl" (http://www.noise-online.de/lifestyle/noisenstyle/ploetzlich-prinzessin/) , Noise, 17 October 2015. "Sarah-Lorraine Riek: Erst Model, dann Anwältin für Menschenrechte?" (http://www.swp.de/heidenheim/lokales/kreisheidenheim/Sarah-Lorraine-Riek-Erst-Model-dann-Anwaeltin-fuer-Menschenrechte;art1168195,3778577) , Heidenheimer Zeitung , 11 April 2016 Awards and achievements Preceded by Josefin Donat (/wiki/Josefin_Donat) Miss Universe Germany (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Germany) 2015 Succeeded by Johanna Acs (/wiki/Johanna_Acs) v t e Miss Universe 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2015) national titleholders AGO : Whitney Shikongo (/wiki/Whitney_Shikongo) ARG : Claudia Barrionuevo (/wiki/Claudia_Barrionuevo) ARU : Alysha Boekhoudt (/wiki/Alysha_Boekhoudt) AUS : Monika Radulovic (/wiki/Monika_Radulovic) AUT : Amina Dagi (/wiki/Amina_Dagi) BAH : Toria Nichole Penn (/wiki/Toria_Nichole_Penn) BOL : Romina Rocamonje (/wiki/Romina_Rocamonje) BRA : Marthina Brandt (/wiki/Marthina_Brandt) BUL : Radostina Todorova (/wiki/Radostina_Todorova) CHN : Jessica Xue (/wiki/Jessica_Xue) COL : Ariadna Gutiérrez (/wiki/Ariadna_Guti%C3%A9rrez) CRI : Brenda Castro (/wiki/Brenda_Castro) CUR : Kanisha Sluis (/wiki/Kanisha_Sluis) CZE : Nikol Švantnerová (/wiki/Nikol_%C5%A0vantnerov%C3%A1) DNK : Cecilie Wellemberg (/wiki/Cecilie_Wellemberg) DOM : Clarissa Molina (/wiki/Clarissa_Molina) SLV : Idubina Rivas (/wiki/Idubina_Rivas) FIN : Rosa-Maria Ryyti (/wiki/Rosa-Maria_Ryyti) FRA : Flora Coquerel (/wiki/Flora_Coquerel) GEO : Janet Kerdikoshvili (/wiki/Janet_Kerdikoshvili) DEU : Sarah-Lorraine Riek GHN : Hilda Akua Frimpong (/wiki/Hilda_Akua_Frimpong) GBR : Narissara France (/wiki/Narissara_France) GRE : Mikaela Fotiadis (/wiki/Mikaela_Fotiadis) GUA : Jeimmy Aburto (/wiki/Jeimmy_Aburto) GYN : Shauna Ramdyhan (/wiki/Shauna_Ramdyhan) HAI : Lisa Drouillard (/wiki/Lisa_Drouillard) HUN : Nikoletta Nagy (/wiki/Nikoletta_Nagy) IND : Urvashi Rautela (/wiki/Urvashi_Rautela) IDN : Anindya Kusuma Putri (/wiki/Anindya_Kusuma_Putri) IRL : Joanna Cooper (/wiki/Joanna_Cooper) ISR : Avigail Alfatov (/wiki/Avigail_Alfatov) JAM : Sharlene Rädlein (/wiki/Sharlene_R%C3%A4dlein) JPN : Ariana Miyamoto (/wiki/Ariana_Miyamoto) KOR : Kim Seo-yeon (/wiki/Kim_Seo-yeon) KOS : Mirjeta Shala (/wiki/Mirjeta_Shala) MYS : Vanessa Tevi (/wiki/Vanessa_Tevi) MEX : Wendolly Esparza (/wiki/Wendolly_Esparza) MNG : Maja Čukić (/wiki/Maja_%C4%8Cuki%C4%87) MMR : May Barani Thaw (/wiki/May_Barani_Thaw) NED : Jessie Jazz Vuijk (/wiki/Jessie_Jazz_Vuijk) NZL : Samantha McClung (/wiki/Samantha_McClung) NIC : Daniela Torres (/wiki/Daniela_Torres) NGA : Debbie Collins (/wiki/Debbie_Collins) NOR : Martine Rødseth (/wiki/Martine_R%C3%B8dseth) PAN : Gladys Brandao Amaya (/wiki/Gladys_Brandao) PAR : Myriam Arévalos (/wiki/Myriam_Ar%C3%A9valos) PER : Laura Spoya (/wiki/Laura_Spoya) PHL : Pia Wurtzbach (/wiki/Pia_Wurtzbach) POL : Weronika Szmajdzińska (/wiki/Weronika_Szmajdzi%C5%84ska) PUR : Catalina Morales (/wiki/Catalina_Morales) RUS : Vladislava Evtushenko (/wiki/Vladislava_Evtushenko) SRB : Daša Radosavljević (/wiki/Da%C5%A1a_Radosavljevi%C4%87) SGP : Lisa Marie White (/wiki/Lisa_Marie_White) SVK : Denisa Vyšňovská (/wiki/Denisa_Vy%C5%A1%C5%88ovsk%C3%A1) ESP : Carla Barber (/wiki/Carla_Garc%C3%ADa) SWE : Paulina Brodd (/wiki/Paulina_Brodd) THA : Aniporn Chalermburanawong (/wiki/Aniporn_Chalermburanawong) TUR : Aslı Melisa Uzun (/wiki/Asl%C4%B1_Melisa_Uzun) URU : Bianca Sánchez (/wiki/Bianca_S%C3%A1nchez) USA : Olivia Jordan (/wiki/Olivia_Jordan) VEN : Mariana Jiménez (/wiki/Mariana_Jim%C3%A9nez) VNM : Phạm Hương (/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐cf747 Cached time: 20240714064942 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.468 seconds Real time usage: 0.657 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3209/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37953/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5282/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19551/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.328/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7576576/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 600.250 1 -total 35.54% 213.351 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 17.87% 107.265 1 Template:Reflist 15.60% 93.651 2 Template:Cite_web 14.06% 84.368 1 Template:Miss_Universe_2015_delegates 13.12% 78.744 1 Template:Short_description 13.11% 78.699 1 Template:Navbox 7.84% 47.068 3 Template:Fix 7.74% 46.437 23 Template:Main_other 6.78% 40.700 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48180778-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714064942 and revision id 1051380168. 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐cc99f856f‐hvrg5 Cached time: 20240716201427 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.037 seconds Real time usage: 0.051 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1490/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.021/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 715056/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 41.037 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 41.037 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54674089-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716201427 and revision id 792725727. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Models from Aomori Prefecture" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . H Fumie Hosokawa (/wiki/Fumie_Hosokawa) O Kazusa Okuyama (/wiki/Kazusa_Okuyama) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Aomori_Prefecture&oldid=792725727 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Aomori_Prefecture&oldid=792725727) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Japanese models by prefecture (/wiki/Category:Japanese_models_by_prefecture) People from Aomori Prefecture (/wiki/Category:People_from_Aomori_Prefecture)
See also: Category:Crowns (headgear) (/wiki/Category:Crowns_(headgear)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7dd97bcdbb‐hrmc7 Cached time: 20240722140714 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.035 seconds Real time usage: 0.050 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 24/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 339/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.014/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 626360/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 43.377 1 -total 100.00% 43.377 1 Template:Catrel 15.39% 6.678 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31675655-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722140714 and revision id 614572663. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. A Individual suits of armour (/wiki/Category:Individual_suits_of_armour) ‎ (11 P) B Individual bikinis (/wiki/Category:Individual_bikinis) ‎ (4 P) D Individual dresses (/wiki/Category:Individual_dresses) ‎ (5 C, 28 P) F Fictional garments (/wiki/Category:Fictional_garments) ‎ (4 P) H Individual hats (/wiki/Category:Individual_hats) ‎ (4 C, 2 P) J Individual jackets (/wiki/Category:Individual_jackets) ‎ (2 P) M Clothing in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Category:Clothing_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) ‎ (8 P) S Individual suits (/wiki/Category:Individual_suits) ‎ (4 P) Pages in category "Individual garments" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Amazon Coat (/wiki/Amazon_Coat) B Butler-Bowden Cope (/wiki/Butler-Bowden_Cope) C Cloak of Muhammad (/wiki/Cloak_of_Muhammad) G Gerum Cloak (/wiki/Gerum_Cloak) R Russell Crowe's jockstrap (/wiki/Russell_Crowe%27s_jockstrap) S Steeple Aston Cope (/wiki/Steeple_Aston_Cope) W Waistcoat (Garthwaite/Lekeux) (/wiki/Waistcoat_(Garthwaite/Lekeux)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Individual_garments&oldid=614572663 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Individual_garments&oldid=614572663) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing) Individual physical objects (/wiki/Category:Individual_physical_objects)
Italian sports equipment and sportswear company Givova Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) , sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) Founded 2008 ; 16 years ago ( 2008 ) Headquarters Scafati (/wiki/Scafati) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Key people Giovanni Acanfora Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , football balls (/wiki/Ball_(association_football)) Website givova (https://givova.it/) .it (https://givova.it/) Givova is an Italian manufacturing company located in Scafati (/wiki/Scafati) . The company, founded in May 22, 2008 by Giovanni Acanfora, produces a wide range of sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) (mainly focused on the association football (/wiki/Association_football) market but also covering other sports) that includes kit uniforms (/wiki/Kit_(association_football)) , football balls (/wiki/Ball_(association_football)) , and other sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) . Givova also markets casual wear (/wiki/Casual_wear) and accessories. In 2018 the quality of Givova sportswear jerseys made world wide attention in a story on involving the intersection of global sportswear brands, World cup teams, and international sanctions against Iran (/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran) . On 14 June 2018, the New York Times reported that sanctions against Iran blocked the 2018 Iranian World Cup (/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup) football team from using quality sportswear brands and limited the Iranian team to use other sportswear that were exempt from sanctions, such as Givova. In Belgium, the relatively new brand gained national attention when they announced their sponsorship of the Brussels-based football club FC ITT Gecko, renowned for their attractive brand of attacking football. FC ITT Gecko president Mr. Joeri Wei held a three-hour long press conference to celebrate the partnership with Givova, a sports moment that dominated the Belgian sports media for weeks. In 2017, after FC ITT Gecko had secured promotion to the highest division, the club announced that they were looking forward to a long-lasting and successful collaboration with Givova at the very highest level of Belgian football. Sponsorships [ edit ] Teams and athletes using Givova equipment are: Olympic Committees [ edit ] Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuelan_Olympic_Committee) Basketball [ edit ] National teams [ edit ] Kosovo (/wiki/Kosovo_men%27s_national_basketball_team) Club teams [ edit ] Hapoel Jerusalem (/wiki/Hapoel_Jerusalem_B.C.) (from 2021-2022 season). Brixia Basket (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associazione_Sportiva_Dilettantistica_Brixia_Basket) Azzurro Basket Napoli (/wiki/Basket_Napoli) (from 2021-2022 season). Battipagliese Basket (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/) ASD Del Fes Avellino (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/) (from 2022-2023 season). Dike Basket Napoli (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/) Basket Nord Barese (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/) San Martino di Lupari (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Martino_di_Lupari(pallacanestro_femminile)) Scafati Basket (/wiki/Scafati_Basket) Mens Sana Siena (/wiki/Mens_Sana_1871_Basket) Espoir BBC (/wiki/Espoir_BBC) [1] (#cite_note-1) Galatasaray (/wiki/Galatasaray_S.K._(men%27s_basketball)) Urunday Universitario (/wiki/Urunday_Universitario) Beach Soccer [ edit ] Club teams [ edit ] Catania (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catania_Beach_Soccer) Nettuno (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettuno_Beach_Soccer) Football [ edit ] National teams [ edit ] New Caledonia (/wiki/New_Caledonia_national_football_team) Non-national representative teams [ edit ] Luhansk (/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic_national_football_team) Padania (/wiki/Padania_national_football_team) Székely Land (/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land_national_football_team) (from 2023) Two Sicilies (/wiki/Two_Sicilies_national_football_team) Clubs [ edit ] Tokyo Verdy (/wiki/Tokyo_Verdy) (starts 2024 season) Referees [ edit ] Givova is also the official referee kits supplier for the leagues: Serie A (/wiki/Serie_A) (From 2023-24 season) Serie B (/wiki/Serie_B) Serie C (/wiki/Lega_Pro) Serie D (/wiki/Lega_Nazionale_Dilettanti) LND (/wiki/Lega_Nazionale_Dilettanti) Divisione Calcio a 5 (/wiki/Divisione_Calcio_a_5) (Futsal) Liga FUTVE (/w/index.php?title=Venezuela_football_league_system&action=edit&redlink=1) Club teams [ edit ] Apolonia (/wiki/KS_Apolonia) Delvina (/wiki/KS_Delvina) Elbasani (/wiki/KF_Elbasani) Spartaku (/wiki/KF_Spartaku_Tiran%C3%AB) Bollullos (/wiki/Bollullos_CF) CF Atlètic Amèrica (/wiki/CF_Atl%C3%A8tic_Am%C3%A8rica) Carroi (/wiki/CE_Carroi) Acassuso (/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Acassuso) Gimnasia La Plata (/wiki/Club_de_Gimnasia_y_Esgrima_La_Plata) Instituto (/wiki/Instituto_Atl%C3%A9tico_Central_C%C3%B3rdoba) San Martín de San Juan (/wiki/San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_San_Juan) Balmain Tigers FC (/wiki/Balmain_Tigers_FC) FK Radnik Bijeljina (/wiki/FK_Radnik_Bijeljina) FK Velež Mostar (/wiki/FK_Vele%C5%BE_Mostar) Brasília Futebol Clube (/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia_Futebol_Clube) Tombense Futebol Clube (/wiki/Tombense_Futebol_Clube) Karnobat (/wiki/OFC_Karnobat) Litex Lovech (/wiki/PFC_Litex_Lovech) Strumska Slava (/wiki/FC_Strumska_Slava_Radomir) FC Oshmyany (/wiki/FC_Oshmyany) FC Naftan (/wiki/FC_Naftan) Sant Andreu (/wiki/UE_Sant_Andreu) Lautaro (/wiki/Lautaro_de_Buin) APEP (/wiki/APEP_F.C.) Chalkanoras Idaliou (/wiki/Chalkanoras_Idaliou) Nea Salamina (/wiki/Nea_Salamis_Famagusta_FC) PAEEK FC (/wiki/PAEEK_FC) P.O. Xylotymbou (/wiki/Podosfairikos_Omilos_Xylotymbou_2006) SK DFO Pardubice (/wiki/SK_DFO_Pardubice) Inter de Bayaguana (/wiki/Inter_de_Bayaguana) Foxton Football Club Reserves (/w/index.php?title=Foxton_Football_Club_Reserves&action=edit&redlink=1) Hogweed Hares FC (/w/index.php?title=Hogweed_Hares_FC&action=edit&redlink=1) Margate FC (/wiki/Margate_FC) Oxford Bierbarians Hockering FC Salt Quay Albion Whey Beys Real de Banjul FC (/wiki/Real_de_Banjul_FC) FC Iberia 1999 (/wiki/FC_Iberia_1999) (from 2024 Season) TuS 06 Roxheim (/w/index.php?title=TuS_06_Roxheim&action=edit&redlink=1) Gibraltar Scorpions FC (/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar_Scorpions_FC&action=edit&redlink=1) Lynx (/wiki/Lynx_F.C.) Mons Calpe (/wiki/Mons_Calpe_S.C.) Lincoln (/wiki/Lincoln_Red_Imps_F.C.) (from 2021/2022 Season) Panetolikos F.C. (/wiki/Panetolikos_F.C.) Trikala F.C. (/wiki/Trikala_F.C.) Lombard-Pápa TFC (/wiki/Lombard-P%C3%A1pa_TFC) Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC (/wiki/Ny%C3%ADregyh%C3%A1za_Spartacus_FC) FC Veszprém (/wiki/FC_Veszpr%C3%A9m) Pécsi MFC (/wiki/P%C3%A9csi_MFC) Beitar Jerusalem (/wiki/Beitar_Jerusalem) Bnei Sakhnin F.C. (/wiki/Bnei_Sakhnin_F.C.) Hapoel Acre F.C. (/wiki/Hapoel_Acre_F.C.) Hapoel Afula F.C. (/wiki/Hapoel_Afula_F.C.) Hapoel Nazareth Illit F.C. (/wiki/Hapoel_Nazareth_Illit_F.C.) Hapoel Jerusalem F.C. (/wiki/Hapoel_Jerusalem_F.C.) Ironi Nesher F.C. (/wiki/Ironi_Nesher_F.C.) Hapoel Ra'anana A.F.C. (/wiki/Hapoel_Ra%27anana_A.F.C.) Albissola 2010 (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albissola_2010) U.S. Arzanese (/wiki/U.S._Arzanese) Carrarese (/wiki/Carrarese_Calcio) Casale (/wiki/Casale_F.B.C.) (from 2022-2023 season). Cavese (/wiki/U.S.D._Cavese_1919) Celano F.C. Marsica (/wiki/Celano_F.C._Marsica) Due Torri (/wiki/A.S.D._Due_Torri) Fidelis Andria (/wiki/S.S._Fidelis_Andria_1928) Fondi (/wiki/Unicusano_Fondi_Calcio) Gelbison (/wiki/Gelbison_Cilento_Vallo_della_Lucania) Giugliano (/wiki/A.S.D._Giugliano_Calcio_1928) Juve Stabia (/wiki/S.S._Juve_Stabia) Mantova F.C. (/wiki/Mantova_F.C.) Matera (/wiki/Matera_Calcio) Messina (/wiki/A.C.R._Messina) Mezzolara (/wiki/A.S.D._Mezzolara) Paganese (/wiki/Paganese_Calcio_1926) Picerno (/wiki/AZ_Picerno) Pomigliano (/wiki/Pomigliano_C.F.) (Female) Pompei (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Pompei) Pordenone (/wiki/Pordenone_Calcio) Pro Sesto (/wiki/Pro_Sesto_2013) (from 2023-2024 season). Reggina (/wiki/Reggina_1914) (from 2022-2023 season). Rimini (/wiki/Rimini_FC_1912) (from 2023-2024 season). Scafatese (/wiki/A.S.D._U.S._Scafatese_Calcio) Terracina (/wiki/Terracina_Calcio_1925) Torres (/wiki/S.E.F._Torres_1903) (Male) Bouaké (/wiki/Bouak%C3%A9_FC) Al-Ahli SC (Amman) (/wiki/Al-Ahli_SC_(Amman)) Ramtha (/wiki/Al-Ramtha_SC) Al-Wehdat SC (/wiki/Al-Wehdat_SC) Nzoia Sugar (/wiki/Nzoia_Sugar_F.C.) Vihiga United (/wiki/Vihiga_United_F.C.) Western Stima (/wiki/Western_Stima_F.C.) Drenica (/wiki/KF_Drenica) (from 2021-2022 season) Malisheva (/wiki/KF_Malisheva) (from 2021-2022 season) Al Jahra SC (/wiki/Al_Jahra_SC) Al-Sulaibikhat SC (/wiki/Al-Sulaibikhat_SC) Al-Sahel SC (/wiki/Sahel_SC_(Kuwait)) Qadsia SC (/wiki/Qadsia_SC) Burgan SC (/wiki/Burgan_SC) FC Jūrmala (/wiki/FC_J%C5%ABrmala) Alittihad Misurata (/wiki/Alittihad_Misurata_SC) Tauras (/wiki/FK_Tauras_Taurag%C4%97) Dainava (/wiki/DFK_Dainava) FC Wiltz 71 (/wiki/FC_Wiltz_71) Gudja United F.C. (/wiki/Gudja_United_F.C.) Senglea Athletic F.C. (/wiki/Senglea_Athletic_F.C.) Żurrieq F.C. (/wiki/%C5%BBurrieq_F.C.) 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Waistcoat Waistcoat, silk, wool and metallic thread, 1747, The Met (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , C.I.66.14.2 Year 1747 Location Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Accession No. C.I.66.14.2 Identifiers The Met object ID: 81136 (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81136) [ edit on Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29383437) ] A man's waistcoat with sleeves of 1747 is a rare example of eighteenth century clothing for which the garment itself, the original textile design (/wiki/Textile_design) , and a dated record of both the designer and the master weaver (/wiki/Weaving) who made the fabric have also survived. [1] (#cite_note-Style-1) [2] (#cite_note-Silk-2) The waistcoat is part of the collection of the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York, number C.I.66.14.2. [1] (#cite_note-Style-1) The waiscoat is made of "porcelain blue silk (/wiki/Silk) with a rich brocading (/wiki/Brocade) of silver and silver-gilt (/wiki/Silver-gilt) foliate forms entwined with realistic flowers in polychrome silk on fronts, skirts, pocket flaps, and cuffs". [3] (#cite_note-New-3) It would have been worn under a full-skirted coat with matching breeches. The parts of the waistcoat that would show under an unbuttoned coat or at the side and back slits of the coat skirts are made of silk brocade fabric specifically woven to fit the floral designs to the shapes of the various parts of the waistcoat. Such "shap'd" silks were produced in the London silk-weaving center of Spitalfields (/wiki/Spitalfields) from around 1730 to 1760. [4] (#cite_note-Waugh-4) [5] (#cite_note-Watt-5) The silk was designed by Anna Maria Garthwaite (/wiki/Anna_Maria_Garthwaite) and woven by master weaver Peter Lekeux. Garthwaite's annotated design for the textile, dated October 1747, is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , London, item 5985.13. [1] (#cite_note-Style-1) [2] (#cite_note-Silk-2) Created in 1747, the waistcoat represents the height of English silk weaving design, which "in the 1740s achieved a particularly English interpretation of Rococo, with an accurate rendering of botanical detail ... in clear, true colours." [6] (#cite_note-Browne-6) Silk textile [ edit ] "A Silver and Silk Waiscoat". Texitle design by Anna Maria Garthwaite, 1747, Victoria and Albert Museum 5985.13 [2] (#cite_note-Silk-2) Main article: Anna Maria Garthwaite (/wiki/Anna_Maria_Garthwaite) The waistcoat is made from a silk (/wiki/Silk) brocade (/wiki/Brocade_(weaving)) woven with three types of silver gilt (/wiki/Silver_gilt) thread and mutilcoloured silks. [2] (#cite_note-Silk-2) The floral design was the work of Anna Maria Garthwaite, who was acknowledged as one of the premiere English silk designers of her day. Many of her original designs in watercolours (/wiki/Watercolor_painting) have survived, and silks based on these designs have been identified in portraiture and in costume collections in England and abroad. Garthwaite was born in Leicestershire in 1688. [7] (#cite_note-Garthwaite-7) She began her freelance textile design career in York, sending the finished designs up to London. She moved to the London silkweaving center of Spitalfields with her widowed sister around 1730, and there she created designs for woven silks over the next three decades. [8] (#cite_note-Design-8) Portfolios of her original designs in watercolors from the 1720s through 1756 have survived and are now in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . [5] (#cite_note-Watt-5) Many of these designs are dated and annotated with weaving instructions and the names of the weavers to whom they were sold. Garthwaite's design for the silk used for the Met's waistcoat, worked up in pencil, ink, and watercolor, is part of this collection. A note at the top indicates that this design was made for "Mr Lekeux Oct r 23 1747". Peter Lekeux (1716–1768) was a third-generation London silk weaver of Huguenot (/wiki/Huguenots) origin. In 1730 he was apprenticed to his father, also named Peter, known in the records as Captain Lekeux from his rank in the Trained Band (/wiki/Trained_Band) . After his father's death, the younger Peter became a master in the Flowered Silks branch of the Worshipful Company of Weavers (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Weavers) and rose to the Company's highest office, upper bailiff, in July 1764. [9] (#cite_note-Lekeux-9) [10] (#cite_note-Hugeunots-10) Fashionable silk designs changed with the seasons, but general trends can be seen over longer periods. Sprays of botanically-accurate flowers appear in Garthwaite's work from 1743; these were brocaded in silk against a figured ground, using an adaptation of the tapestry weaver's points rentrés technique to produce near-three-dimensional floral patterns through careful shading. Many of the designs Garthwaite sold to Lekeux featured silver patterns combined with naturalistic florals. [8] (#cite_note-Design-8) [11] (#cite_note-Silk48-11) A note at the bottom of Garthwaite's design for the silk waistcoat indicates the three types of metal thread (/wiki/Metallic_fiber) to be used in executing the design. In the drawing, dark yellow represents "plate" ( lamé ), a flat metal strip; light yellow represents "plain" ( filé ), metal strip wound around a silk or linen core; and gray represents "frosted" ( frisé ), a thread with an overtwisted silk core to produce a sparkling effect. [1] (#cite_note-Style-1) [12] (#cite_note-Met-12) [13] (#cite_note-Art-13) Provenance [ edit ] Detail of the woven silk on the waistcoat front, cuff, and pocket flap. The waistcoat was acquired by the Met in 1966 with funds from the Irene Lewisohn Bequest. The seller was Cora Ginsburg, of Ginsburg and Levy, who had acquired the piece at auction in London. [1] (#cite_note-Style-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "In Style: Celebrating Fifty Years of the Costume Institute" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/In_Style_Celebrating_Fifty_Years_of_the_Costume_Institute_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Bulletin_v_45_no_2_Fall_1987) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin . 45 (2). MetPublications. Fall 1987 . Retrieved 9 April 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Rothstein, Natalie (/wiki/Natalie_Rothstein) (1990). Silk Designs of the Eighteenth Century: In the Collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, With a Complete Catalogue . Boston: Bulfinch Press. Plates 238, 239. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8212-1812-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-New_3-0) "The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Notable Acquisitions, 1965–1975" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Notable_Acquisitions_1965_1975) . MetPublications. p. 46 . Retrieved 9 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Waugh_4-0) Waugh, Norah (1987). The Cut of Men's Clothes: 1600-1900 . New York: Theatre Arts Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780878300259 . ^ Jump up to: a b Watt, Melinda. "Textile Production in Europe: Silk, 1600–1800" (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/txt_s/hd_txt_s.htm) . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 9 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Browne_6-0) Browne, Clare, ed. (1996). Silk Designs of the Eighteenth Century: From the Victoria and Albert Museum, London . London: Thames & Hudson. p. 8. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-500-27880-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-Garthwaite_7-0) Ginsburg, M. (2004). "Garthwaite, Anna Maria". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ref:odnb/50919 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F50919) . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.) ^ Jump up to: a b Rothstein, Natalie (1994). The Victoria & Albert Museum's Textile Collection: Woven Textile Design in Britain From 1750 to 1850 . New York: Canopy Books. pp. 15–17. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5585-9849-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lekeux_9-0) Brown, Clare (2004). Lekeux, Peter . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ref:odnb/51013 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F51013) . ^ (#cite_ref-Hugeunots_10-0) Rothstein, Natalie (1987). "Huguenots in the English Silk Industry in the Eighteenth Century". In Scouloudi, Irene (ed.). Huguenots in Britain and France . Springer. p. 127. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781349081769 . Retrieved 9 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Silk48_11-0) Rothstein, Natalie (1990). Silk Designs of the Eighteenth Century: In the Collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, With a Complete Catalogue . Boston: Bulfinch Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8212-1812-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-Met_12-0) "Textile by Anna Maria Garthwaite / Waistcoat / British / The Met" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81136) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 9 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Art_13-0) Rothstein, Natalie (1983). "The Elegant Art of Silk Weaving" (https://archive.org/details/elegantartfashio0000losa/page/70) . In Los Angeles County Museum of Art (ed.). An elegant art: Fashion & fantasy in the eighteenth century: Los Angeles County Museum of Art collection of costumes and textiles . Los Angeles/New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 70 (https://archive.org/details/elegantartfashio0000losa/page/70) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780875871110 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Waistcoat, Anna Maria Garthwaite 1747 MET C.I.66.14.2 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Waistcoat,_Anna_Maria_Garthwaite_1747_MET_C.I.66.14.2) at Wikimedia Commons Metropolitan Museum of Art, Waistcoat (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81136) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7dd97bcdbb‐cdjln Cached time: 20240722140224 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.509 seconds Real time usage: 0.622 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6003/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34745/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5651/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 52711/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.315/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6580960/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 2/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 586.327 1 -total 69.53% 407.651 1 Template:Infobox_artwork/wikidata 67.16% 393.752 1 Template:Infobox 38.41% 225.234 1 Template:Wikidata_ID 37.01% 217.002 1 Template:Br_separated_entries 34.67% 203.263 200 Template:Wikidata_ID_line 31.48% 184.603 206 Template:Wikidata 24.66% 144.560 1 Template:Reflist 12.15% 71.228 1 Template:Cite_journal 5.04% 29.564 3 Template:If_two_strings_replace_with_third Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53742050-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722140224 and revision id 1170160786. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waistcoat_(Garthwaite/Lekeux)&oldid=1170160786 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waistcoat_(Garthwaite/Lekeux)&oldid=1170160786) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Individual garments (/wiki/Category:Individual_garments) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) Clothing in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Category:Clothing_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Silk (/wiki/Category:Silk) Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB) Articles using Infobox artwork/wikidata using locally defined parameters (/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Infobox_artwork/wikidata_using_locally_defined_parameters) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
15th Miss Supranational pageant Miss Supranational 2024 Harashta Haifa Zahra Date 6 July 2024 Presenters Aleksander Sikora (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Sikora) Kasia Kołeczek (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarzyna_Ko%C5%82eczek) Nico Panagio (/wiki/Nico_Panagio) Venue Strzelecki Park Amphitheater, Nowy Sącz (/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz) , Lesser Poland (/wiki/Lesser_Poland) , Poland Broadcaster Polsat (/wiki/Polsat) Entrants 68 Placements 25 Debuts Bangladesh Withdrawals Bahamas Cambodia Cameroon Greece Jamaica Kenya Mauritius Mozambique Namibia South Korea Togo Turkey Zambia Zimbabwe Returns Albania Argentina Aruba Australia Chile Denmark Honduras Italy Laos Malta Myanmar New Zealand Pakistan Sierra Leone Uruguay United States Virgin Islands Winner Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) (Indonesia) Congeniality Samantha Jones (Panama) ← 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2023) 2025 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2025&action=edit&redlink=1) → Miss Supranational 2024 was the 15th edition of the Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) pageant, which was held in Nowy Sącz, Lesser Poland, on July 6, 2024. Andrea Aguilera (/wiki/Andrea_Aguilera_(Ecuadorian_model)) of Ecuador (/wiki/Ecuador) crowned Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) of Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) as her successor at the event, signifying Indonesia's inaugural victory in the pageant's history and as the sixth Asian candidate to achieve this distinction. [1] (#cite_note-1) Background Location and date On 5th February 2024, the official social media channels of the Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) Organization conveyed the announcement of the 15th edition to be hosted in Malopolska, Poland, in July. [2] (#cite_note-2) Furthermore, on 1st March 2024, Gerhard Parzutka von Lipinski, the President of the Miss Supranational Organization, publicized that the final show is scheduled for Saturday, 6th July 2024. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Selection of participants Contestants representing sixty-eight countries and territories have been chosen to participate in the pageant. Additionally, three contestants have been selected to take the place of the original winner, who was dethroned. Replacements Silvia Vacaru of Italy was substituted by Camilla Farnesi for reasons that were not disclosed. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Emma May Gribble, Miss Supranational New Zealand 2024, withdrew for personal reasons and was subsequently replaced by Meghan Kenney. [7] (#cite_note-7) Debuts, returns, and withdrawals The edition marked the debut of Bangladesh [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) and saw the return of Albania, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Chile, Denmark, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Italy, Laos, Malta, Myanmar, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Uruguay, and the United States Virgin Islands. Aruba had last competed in 2015 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2015&action=edit&redlink=1) , while Italy and Pakistan had last competed in 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2018) . Australia, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Myanmar, New Zealand, and the United States Virgin Islands last competed in 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2019) . Albania and Sierra Leone had last competed in 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2021) ; the others had last competed in 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) . Withdrawals for the subsequent event included The Bahamas, Cameroon, Kenya, Jamaica, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Turkey, and Zambia. These countries withdrew due to their organizations' failure to appoint a delegate, hold a national competition, or lose their national franchise. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) Additionally, Yollanda Chimbarami was initially scheduled to represent Zimbabwe in that edition but withdrew for undisclosed reasons. [10] (#cite_note-10) Chimbarami was expected to compete in the next edition. Furthermore, Chhum Chandara of Cambodia and Choi Jeong-eun of South Korea withdrew due to visa issues after participating in the Supra Chat event. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Ignéfi Afi Claire of Togo was replaced by Bithja Gozo Akakpo for undisclosed reasons; however, Akakpo eventually withdrew as well. [13] (#cite_note-13) Results Placements Placement Contestant Miss Supranational 2024 Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) 1st runner-up United States (/wiki/United_States) – Jenna Dykstra [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) 2nd runner-up Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) – Justýna Zedníková [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) 3rd runner-up Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) – Isadora Murta [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) 4th runner-up Curacao (/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao) – Chanelle de Lau [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Δ Top 12 Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) – Victoria Larsen (/wiki/Victoria_Larsen) [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) § Finland (/wiki/Finland) – Aleksandra Hannusaari [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) India (/wiki/India) – Sonal Kukreja (/wiki/Sonal_Kukreja) [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) – Alethea Ambrosio (/wiki/Alethea_Ambrosio) [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) – Fiorella Medina [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) – Bryoni Govender (/wiki/Bryoni_Govender) [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) ♡ Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) – Kasama Suetrong [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Top 25 Aruba (/wiki/Aruba) – Rashida Schmidt [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Bolivia (/wiki/Bolivia) – Estefanía Ibarra [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Germany (/wiki/Germany) – Luisa Victoria Malz [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Honduras (/wiki/Honduras) – Stephie Morel [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Iceland (/wiki/Iceland) – Helena O’Connor [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Japan (/wiki/Japan) – Yuki Sonoda [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) – Andrea Sáenz [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) – Myo Sandar Win [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Δ Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) – Sectra Okundaye [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Peru (/wiki/Peru) – Nathaly Terrones [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Romania (/wiki/Romania) – Andreea Ioana Stan [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) – Petra Sivakova [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) Δ United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) – Joanna Johnson [14] (#cite_note-:2024-14) § – placed into the Top 12 by fan-voting challenge Δ – placed into the Top 25 by fast-track challenges ♡ – placed into the Top 25 by "the Candidate's Choice" (chosen by fellow contestants) Continental titleholders The award was presented to representatives who achieved the highest ranking within the continent, excluding those in the Top 5. Continent Contestant Africa South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) – Bryoni Govender (/wiki/Bryoni_Govender) Americas Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) – Andrea Sáenz Asia and Oceania Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) – Alethea Ambrosio (/wiki/Alethea_Ambrosio) Caribbean Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) – Fiorella Medina Europe Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) – Victoria Larsen (/wiki/Victoria_Larsen) Special awards Award Contestant Miss Congeniality Panama (/wiki/Panama) – Samantha Jones Miss Talent Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) Best National Costume Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) - Rossana Fiorini (/wiki/Rossana_Fiorini) Woman of Substance Award United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) - Joanna Johnson Challenge events Supra Chat The Supra Chat event commenced on May 16, 2024, and was broadcast via the official YouTube channel of Miss Supranational. Each participant had the opportunity to introduce themselves to a gathering comprising five to nine individuals. In this year's edition, ten groups vied for supremacy, with the victors from each group advancing to the final round of the competition. [15] (#cite_note-15) First Round Advanced to the semi-final. Group Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 Country 4 Country 5 Country 6 Country 7 Country 8 Country 9 1 [16] (#cite_note-16) Canada (/wiki/Canada) Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) Haiti (/wiki/Haiti) India (/wiki/India) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) US Virgin Islands (/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands) — — 2 [17] (#cite_note-17) Germany (/wiki/Germany) Iceland (/wiki/Iceland) Malta (/wiki/Malta) Poland (/wiki/Poland) Romania (/wiki/Romania) Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) — — 3 [18] (#cite_note-18) Bolivia (/wiki/Bolivia) Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) Costa Rica (/wiki/Costa_Rica) Ecuador (/wiki/Ecuador) Honduras (/wiki/Honduras) Portugal (/wiki/Portugal) Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) — — 4 [19] (#cite_note-19) Albania (/wiki/Albania) Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) Cayman Islands (/wiki/Cayman_Islands) Curaçao (/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao) Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) — — 5 [20] (#cite_note-20) Australia (/wiki/Australia) Botswana (/wiki/Botswana) Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) Equatorial Guinea (/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea) Sierra Leone (/wiki/Sierra_Leone) Spain (/wiki/Spain) — — — 6 [21] (#cite_note-21) Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) Cuba (/wiki/Cuba) Dominican Republic (/wiki/Dominican_Republic) El Salvador (/wiki/El_Salvador) Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) Nicaragua (/wiki/Nicaragua) — — 7 Aruba (/wiki/Aruba) Côte d’Ivoire (/wiki/Ivory_Coast) Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) Gibraltar (/wiki/Gibraltar) Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) — — — 8 Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) Japan (/wiki/Japan) South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) Laos (/wiki/Laos) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) — 9 [22] (#cite_note-22) Guatemala (/wiki/Guatemala) Paraguay (/wiki/Paraguay) Peru (/wiki/Peru) Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) Uruguay (/wiki/Uruguay) — — — — 10 Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia) Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) Finland (/wiki/Finland) Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) Panama (/wiki/Panama) South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) United States (/wiki/United_States) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) Semi Final Round Advanced to the final round. Group Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 Country 4 Country 5 1 Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) Curaçao (/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao) Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) Haiti (/wiki/Haiti) United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) 2 Dominican Republic (/wiki/Dominican_Republic) Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) Final Round Advanced to the Top 25. Placement Country Winner Curacao (/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao) – Chanelle de Lau Top 4 Haiti (/wiki/Haiti) – Tarah-Lynn Saint-Elien Nigeria (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nigeria) – Sectra Okundaye Puerto Rico (/wiki/Miss_Puerto_Rico) – Fiorella Medina Miss Influencer Opportunity In the Miss Influencer Opportunity, two women were selected as winners through the Facebook competition, and the rest were chosen as winners through Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and X competition. As a result, they automatically became part of the Top 13 finalists. If one of them was successful in the challenge, they automatically advanced to become a semifinalist in the finals. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) Advanced to the Top 25 via Miss Influencer Opportunity Placement Country Winner Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) – Myo Sandar Win Top 5 Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) – Isadora Murta [28] (#cite_note-:4-28) Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) – Victoria Larsen (/wiki/Victoria_Larsen) Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) [28] (#cite_note-:4-28) Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) – Andrea Sáenz Top 13 Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia) – Chhum Chandara Côte d’Ivoire (/wiki/Ivory_Coast) – Marie-Louise Maitre [28] (#cite_note-:4-28) Gibraltar (/wiki/Gibraltar) – Phoebe Noble India (/wiki/India) – Sonal Kukreja (/wiki/Sonal_Kukreja) Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) – Sajina Khanal Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) – Alethea Ambrosio (/wiki/Alethea_Ambrosio) Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) – Rossana Fiorini (/wiki/Rossana_Fiorini) [28] (#cite_note-:4-28) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) – Lydie Marie Wache Vũ Supra Fan Vote The winner of the Supra Fan Vote was automatically advanced to the Top 12 of Miss Supranational 2024. Voting began on June 18, 2024, and lasted until the final night. The final list of the leaderboard was announced on July 6 before the finals. [29] (#cite_note-29) [28] (#cite_note-:4-28) Advanced to the Top 12 via Supra Fan-Vote. Placement Country Winner Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) – Victoria Larsen (/wiki/Victoria_Larsen) Top 10 Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) – Sherren Londoño Perea Curacao (/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao) – Chanelle de Lau Laos (/wiki/Laos) – Christina Lasasimma Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) – Myo Sandar Win Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) – Sectra Okundaye Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) – Alethea Ambrosio (/wiki/Alethea_Ambrosio) Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) – Brittany Deane Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) – Rossana Fiorini (/wiki/Rossana_Fiorini) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) – Lydie Marie Wache Vũ Supra Model of the Year The Supra Model of the Year event was streamed live on the official Miss Supranational YouTube channel at 6 pm on June 29, 2024. [30] (#cite_note-30) At the event, it was announced that one of the five continental winners would advance to the finals as a semi-finalist after being named the overall winner during the final night. Advanced to the Top 25 via Supra Model of the Year Placement Contestant Winner Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) – Petra Sivakova Continental Winners Africa Côte d’Ivoire (/wiki/Ivory_Coast) – Marie-Louise Maitre [31] (#cite_note-:10-31) Americas Bolivia (/wiki/Bolivia) – Estefanía Ibarra [31] (#cite_note-:10-31) Asia & Oceania Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) – Kasama Suetrong [31] (#cite_note-:10-31) Caribbean Aruba (/wiki/Aruba) – Rashida Schmidt [31] (#cite_note-:10-31) Europe Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) – Petra Sivakova [31] (#cite_note-:10-31) Top 11 Botswana (/wiki/Botswana) – Leah Barobetse Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) – Andrea Sáenz Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) – Myo Sandar Win Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) – Alethea Ambrosio (/wiki/Alethea_Ambrosio) Poland (/wiki/Poland) – Angelika Jurkowianiec (/wiki/Angelika_Jurkowianiec) Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) – Fiorella Medina Miss Talent On June 25, twenty talent entries were showcased on Miss Supranational's official YouTube channel, followed by a voting process. The Supra Talent Finals event was broadcast live on the Miss Supranational official YouTube channel at 9 pm on June 29, 2024. [32] (#cite_note-32) Miss Denmark and Myanmar were chosen individually to participate in the final competition. Placement Contestant Winner Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) Top 7 Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) – Justýna Zedníková Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) – Victoria Larsen Gibraltar (/wiki/Gibraltar) – Phoebe Noble Japan (/wiki/Japan) – Yuki Sonoda Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) – Myo Sandar Win Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) – Bo Grooten Top 20 Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) – Towhida Tusnim Tifa Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) – Naomy Montiel Canada (/wiki/Canada) – Rachel Murgel Chile (/wiki/Chile) – Vaihere Domingo Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) – Sherren Londoño Perea Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) – Esmeralda Slaviček Curacao (/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao) – Chanelle de Lau El Salvador (/wiki/El_Salvador) – Naomy Montiel Germany (/wiki/Germany) – Luisa Victoria Malz Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) – Jo An Ma Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) – Sajina Khanal New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) – Meghan Kenney Sierra Leone (/wiki/Sierra_Leone) – Mabinty Mansaray Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) – Petra Sivakova Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) – Brittany Deane Pageant Presenters On June 6, 2024, the President of the Miss Supranational Organization, Gerhard Parzutka von Lipinski, announced Nico Panagio (/wiki/Nico_Panagio) as the host for the Miss and Mister Supranational 2024 Final Shows. [33] (#cite_note-33) Kasia Kołeczek (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarzyna_Ko%C5%82eczek) will also be joining Panagio on the finals. [34] (#cite_note-34) Nico Panagio (/wiki/Nico_Panagio) : South African actor, host of Survivor South Africa (/wiki/Survivor_South_Africa) Kasia Kołeczek (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarzyna_Ko%C5%82eczek) : Polish/British actress Aleksander Sikora (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Sikora) : Polish Presenters Panel of experts The Preliminary Competition was broadcast live on the official Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) YouTube channel at 8pm CET on July 1, 2024, with the panel of experts consisting of: [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) Andrea Aguilera (/wiki/Andrea_Aguilera_(Ecuadorian_model)) – Miss Supranational 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2023) from Ecuador (/wiki/Ecuador) Andre Sleigh – Creative Director of the Miss and Mister Supranational (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) Iván Álvarez Guedes – Mister Supranational 2023 (/wiki/Mister_Supranational_2023) from Spain (/wiki/Spain) Keisha - Polish stylist and designer Louisa - Creative producer of Miss Supranational and Mister Supranational 2024 finals shows Nguyễn Huỳnh Kim Duyên (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_Kim_Duy%C3%AAn) – Miss Supranational 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) 2nd runner-up from Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) [37] (#cite_note-37) Rick Sotelo - Supranational Stylist Robert Czepiel – General Director of Jubiler Schubert / World of Amber The final show was broadcast live on the official Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) YouTube channel at 8pm CET, on July 6, 2024, with the panel of experts consisting of: [38] (#cite_note-38) Andrea Aguilera (/wiki/Andrea_Aguilera_(Ecuadorian_model)) – Miss Supranational 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2023) from Ecuador (/wiki/Ecuador) Daria Marx (/wiki/Daria_(singer)) – Singer Edyta Folwarska – Novelist and journalist Ewa Wachowicz – Miss Polonia 1992 (/wiki/Miss_Polonia) and World Miss University 1993 (/wiki/World_Miss_University) from Poland (/wiki/Poland) Fezile Mkhize (/wiki/Fezile_Mkhize) – Mister Supranational 2024 (/wiki/Mister_Supranational_2024) from South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) Gerhard Parzutka von Lipinski – Founder and CEO of Miss Supranational organization Iván Álvarez Guedes – Mister Supranational 2023 (/wiki/Mister_Supranational_2023) from Spain (/wiki/Spain) Katarzyna Jonaczyk – Multiple-time OCR (/wiki/Obstacle_Course_Racing) world champion Nguyễn Huỳnh Kim Duyên (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_Kim_Duy%C3%AAn) – Miss Supranational 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) 2nd runner-up from Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) Robert Czepiel – General Director of Jubiler Schubert / World of Amber Contestants Sixty-eight contestants competed for the title: Country/Territory Contestant Age [a] (#cite_note-A-39) Hometown Continental Group Albania (/wiki/Miss_Shqip%C3%ABria) Ema Hila [39] (#cite_note-40) 18 Tirana (/wiki/Tirana) Europe Argentina (/wiki/Belleza_Argentina) Agustina Bruenner [40] (#cite_note-41) 26 Posadas (/wiki/Posadas,_Misiones) Americas Aruba (/wiki/Aruba) Rashida Schmidt [41] (#cite_note-42) 22 San Nicolaas (/wiki/San_Nicolaas) Caribbean Australia (/wiki/Australia) Janaya Reimers [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) 21 Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) Oceania Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) Towhida Tusnim Tifa [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) 26 Gazipur (/wiki/Gazipur) Asia Belgium (/wiki/Miss_Earth_Belgium) Elizabeth Victoria Raska 25 Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) Europe Bolivia (/wiki/Miss_Bolivia) Estefanía Ibarra [42] (#cite_note-43) 29 La Paz (/wiki/La_Paz) Americas Botswana (/wiki/Miss_Botswana) Leah Barobetse [43] (#cite_note-44) 25 Lentsweletau (/wiki/Lentsweletau) Africa Brazil (/wiki/Miss_Brazil_World) Isadora Murta [44] (#cite_note-45) 26 Belo Horizonte (/wiki/Belo_Horizonte) Americas Canada (/wiki/Miss_World_Canada) Rachel Murgel [45] (#cite_note-46) 23 Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) Americas Cayman Islands (/wiki/Miss_Cayman_Islands) Jaci Patrick [46] (#cite_note-47) 29 West Bay (/wiki/West_Bay,_Cayman_Islands) Caribbean Chile (/wiki/Chile) Vaihere Domingo 24 Viña del Mar (/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar) Americas Colombia (/wiki/Miss_Colombia) Sherren Londoño Perea 23 Bogotá (/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1) Americas Costa Rica (/wiki/Reinas_de_Costa_Rica) María José Segura [47] (#cite_note-48) 27 Cartago (/wiki/Cartago,_Costa_Rica) Americas Côte d’Ivoire (/wiki/Miss_Cote_d%27Ivoire) Marie-Louise Maitre [48] (#cite_note-49) 26 Bouaké (/wiki/Bouak%C3%A9) Africa Croatia (/wiki/Miss_Croatia) Esmeralda Slaviček [49] (#cite_note-50) 26 Zagreb (/wiki/Zagreb) Europe Cuba (/wiki/Miss_Cuba) María José Cetina [50] (#cite_note-51) 19 Camagüey (/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey) Caribbean Curaçao (/wiki/Se%C3%B1orita_Cura%C3%A7ao) Chanelle de Lau [51] (#cite_note-52) 29 Willemstad (/wiki/Willemstad) Caribbean Czech Republic (/wiki/Miss_Czech_Republic) Justýna Zedníková [52] (#cite_note-53) 21 Prague (/wiki/Prague) Europe Denmark (/wiki/Miss_Denmark) Victoria Larsen (/wiki/Victoria_Larsen) [53] (#cite_note-54) 21 Roskilde (/wiki/Roskilde) Europe Dominican Republic (/wiki/Miss_Dominican_Republic) Jennifer Valdez 26 Pedernales (/wiki/Pedernales,_Dominican_Republic) Caribbean Ecuador (/wiki/Concurso_Nacional_de_Belleza_Ecuador) Doménica Alessi [54] (#cite_note-55) 22 Quito (/wiki/Quito) Americas El Salvador (/wiki/Reinado_de_El_Salvador) Naomy Montiel [55] (#cite_note-56) 19 San Miguel (/wiki/San_Miguel,_El_Salvador) Americas Finland (/wiki/Finland) Aleksandra Hannusaari 20 Kauhajoki (/wiki/Kauhajoki) Europe Germany (/wiki/Germany) Luisa Victoria Malz 21 Dortmund (/wiki/Dortmund) Europe Ghana (/wiki/Miss_Ghana) Abigail Fanna Kabirou [56] (#cite_note-57) 24 Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) Africa Gibraltar (/wiki/Miss_Gibraltar) Phoebe Noble 21 Gibraltar (/wiki/Gibraltar) Europe Guatemala (/wiki/Miss_Guatemala) Andrea Zapeta 29 Cobán (/wiki/Cob%C3%A1n) Americas Haiti (/wiki/Miss_Haiti) Tarah-Lynn Saint-Elien [57] (#cite_note-58) 29 Rahway (/wiki/Rahway,_New_Jersey) Caribbean Honduras (/wiki/Miss_Honduras) Stephie Morel [58] (#cite_note-59) 20 Choloma (/wiki/Choloma) Americas Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Jo An Ma 27 Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Asia Iceland (/wiki/Miss_Iceland) Helena O’Connor [59] (#cite_note-60) 19 Reykjavík (/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk) Europe India (/wiki/Miss_Diva) Sonal Kukreja (/wiki/Sonal_Kukreja) [60] (#cite_note-61) 26 Jaipur (/wiki/Jaipur) Asia Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) [61] (#cite_note-62) 20 Garut (/wiki/Garut) Asia Italy (/wiki/Miss_Italia) Camilla Farnesi 24 Viareggio (/wiki/Viareggio) Europe Japan (/wiki/Miss_Japan) Yuki Sonoda [62] (#cite_note-63) 25 Kagoshima (/wiki/Kagoshima) Asia Laos (/wiki/Laos) Christina Lasasimma [63] (#cite_note-64) 31 Vientiane (/wiki/Vientiane) Asia Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) Andreana Celly [64] (#cite_note-65) 20 Lundu (/wiki/Lundu,_Sarawak) Asia Malta (/wiki/Miss_Malta) Shania Degiorgio [65] (#cite_note-66) 20 Valletta (/wiki/Valletta) Europe Mexico (/wiki/Miss_Mexico_Organization) Andrea Sáenz 26 Chihuahua (/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)) Americas Myanmar (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational_Myanmar) Myo Sandar Win [66] (#cite_note-67) 28 Thanbyuzayat (/wiki/Thanbyuzayat) Asia Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) Sajina Khanal 23 Sarlahi (/wiki/Sarlahi) Asia Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) Bo Grooten 23 Coevorden (/wiki/Coevorden) Europe New Zealand (/wiki/Miss_New_Zealand_International) Meghan Kenney [67] (#cite_note-nzl-68) 29 Ōhope (/wiki/%C5%8Chope) Oceania Nicaragua (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_Nicaragua) Elena Etienne [68] (#cite_note-69) 23 Managua (/wiki/Managua) Americas Nigeria (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nigeria) Sectra Okundaye [69] (#cite_note-70) 25 Zamfara (/wiki/Zamfara) Africa Pakistan (/wiki/Miss_Pakistan_World) Misbah Arshad 26 Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) Asia Panama (/wiki/Se%C3%B1orita_Panam%C3%A1) Samantha Jones 27 Panama City (/wiki/Panama_City) Americas Paraguay (/wiki/Paraguay) Sofía Meyer 22 Ciudad del Este (/wiki/Ciudad_del_Este) Americas Peru (/wiki/Miss_Peru) Nathaly Terrones [70] (#cite_note-71) 28 Lima (/wiki/Lima) Americas Philippines (/wiki/The_Miss_Philippines) Alethea Ambrosio (/wiki/Alethea_Ambrosio) [71] (#cite_note-72) 21 San Rafael (/wiki/San_Rafael,_Bulacan) Asia Poland (/wiki/Miss_Polski) Angelika Jurkowianiec (/wiki/Angelika_Jurkowianiec) [72] (#cite_note-73) 28 Namysłów (/wiki/Namys%C5%82%C3%B3w) Europe Portugal (/wiki/Miss_Rep%C3%BAblica_Portuguesa) Cristina Carvalho 30 Azores (/wiki/Azores) Europe Puerto Rico (/wiki/Miss_Puerto_Rico) Fiorella Medina [73] (#cite_note-74) 28 Isabela (/wiki/Isabela,_Puerto_Rico) Caribbean Romania (/wiki/List_of_Romania_representatives_at_international_beauty_pageants) Andreea Ioana Stan 25 Bucharest (/wiki/Bucharest) Europe Sierra Leone (/wiki/Face_of_Sierra_Leone) Mabinty Mansaray [74] (#cite_note-:0-75) 22 Kabala (/wiki/Kabala,_Sierra_Leone) Africa Slovakia (/wiki/Miss_Slovakia) Petra Sivakova [75] (#cite_note-76) 23 Humenné (/wiki/Humenn%C3%A9) Europe South Africa (/wiki/Miss_South_Africa) Bryoni Govender (/wiki/Bryoni_Govender) [76] (#cite_note-77) 27 Kempton Park (/wiki/Kempton_Park,_South_Africa) Africa Spain (/wiki/RNB_Espa%C3%B1a) Elizabeth Laker [77] (#cite_note-78) 26 Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife) Europe Thailand (/wiki/Mister_and_Miss_Supranational_Thailand) Kasama Suetrong [78] (#cite_note-79) 28 Surat Thani (/wiki/Surat_Thani) Asia Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) Brittany Deane [79] (#cite_note-80) 27 San Fernando (/wiki/San_Fernando,_Trinidad_and_Tobago) Caribbean Ukraine (/wiki/Miss_Ukraine) Marina Mizhnova [80] (#cite_note-81) 21 Ternopil (/wiki/Ternopil) Europe United Kingdom (/wiki/Miss_United_Kingdom) Joanna Johnson [81] (#cite_note-82) 30 Blackpool (/wiki/Blackpool) Europe United States (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_USA) Jenna Dykstra 28 Clearwater (/wiki/Clearwater,_Florida) Americas United States Virgin Islands (/wiki/Miss_US_Virgin_Islands) Bria James 26 Saint Croix (/wiki/Saint_Croix) Caribbean Uruguay (/wiki/Miss_Uruguay) Lola de los Santos [82] (#cite_note-83) 27 Paysandú (/wiki/Paysand%C3%BA) Americas Venezuela (/wiki/Miss_Earth_Venezuela) Rossana Fiorini (/wiki/Rossana_Fiorini) [83] (#cite_note-84) 29 Mérida (/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_M%C3%A9rida) Americas Vietnam (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_Vietnam) Lydie Marie Wache Vũ [84] (#cite_note-85) 31 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) Asia Notes ^ (#cite_ref-A_39-0) Ages at the time of the pageant References ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Miss Supranational 2024 announces finals date, venue" (https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2024/03/06/2338486/miss-supranational-2024-announces-finals-date-venue) . The Philippine Star (/wiki/The_Philippine_Star) . 6 March 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss Supranational 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/reel/C2-HAuQsppm/) . Instagram . 5 February 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The 15th edition of Miss Supranational to be held this July!" (https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-supranational/the-15th-edition-of-miss-supranational-to-be-held-this-july/articleshow/108164825.cms) . femina.in . 2 March 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Miss Supranational 2024 to be held in July" (https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2024/3/1/miss-supranational-2024-to-be-held-in-july-2002) . ABS-CBN News (/wiki/ABS-CBN_News) . 1 March 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b "16 Negara yang Kembali Berkompetisi di Miss Supranational 2024" (https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/muhammad-ayub-rifai/16-negara-yang-kembali-berkompetisi-di-miss-supranational-2024-c1c2) . IDN Times (in Indonesian). 14 June 2024 . Retrieved 20 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Pacifici, Stefano (12 December 2023). " (https://metronews.it/2023/12/12/universal-beauty-competition/) "Universal Beauty Competition", un contest per raccontare la bellezza dell'Italia" (https://metronews.it/2023/12/12/universal-beauty-competition/) [“Universal Beauty Competition”, a contest to tell the beauty of Italy]. MetroNews (in Italian) . Retrieved 22 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Miss Supranational 2024 contestants are at risk of leaving their seats empty" (https://vgt.vn/thi-sinh-xu-keo-hoa-hau-sieu-quoc-gia-2024-viet-nam-nguy-co-bo-ghe-trong-ihyes-20240331t7129655/?lang=en) . VGT TV . 31 March 2024 . Retrieved 22 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Towhida Tusnim Tifa to debut in Miss Supranational" (https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/towhida-tusnim-tifa-debut-miss-supranational-873466) . The Business Standard . 10 June 2024 . Retrieved 10 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rubaya, Tapiwa (10 June 2024). "Miss Supranational Zimbabwe prepares for 2025 with new leadership and renewed confidence" (https://myafrikamag.com/miss-supranational-zimbabwe-prepares-for-2025-with-new-leadership-and-renewed-confidence/) . My Afrika Magazine . Retrieved 20 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Zebra, Sharon (1 June 2024). "Model dares to dream" (https://www.newsday.co.zw/theindependent/life-amp-style/article/200027761/model-dares-to-dream) . The Zimbabwe Independent . Retrieved 20 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Miss Supranational Cambodia 2024" (https://www.facebook.com/MissSupranationalCambodiaOfficial/posts/pfbid02fvebAv4naZViufcMfyCPvJKJAEPzHuW6cWkJRbk6Luba3WUWGahECkv1TAYrtvaGl) . Miss Supranational Cambodia. 24 November 2023 . Retrieved 24 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Cambodian beauty will miss Miss Supranational 2024 pageant in Poland due to visa issues" (https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501510198/cambodian-beauty-will-miss-miss-supranational-2024-pageant-in-poland-due-to-visa-issues/) . Khmer Times . June 22, 2024 . Retrieved June 22, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "13 Queen yang Berjuang Raih First Placement di Miss Supranational 2024" (https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/muhammad-ayub-rifai/queen-yang-berjuang-raih-first-placement-di-miss-supranational-2024-c1c2) [13 Queens Who Struggled to Win First Placement at Miss Supranational 2024]. IDN Times (in In-Id). 14 June 2024 . Retrieved 27 June 2024 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Indonesia wins Miss Supranational 2024; PH in Top 12" (https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2024/7/6/indonesia-wins-miss-supranational-2024-ph-in-top-12-718) . ABS-CBN News . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Cast your vote for India's Sonal Kukreja to advance her to the next stage of Supra Chat!" (https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-supranational/cast-your-vote-for-indias-sonal-kukreja-to-advance-her-to-the-next-stage-of-supra-chat/articleshow/110210283.cms) . Femina . 17 May 2024 . Retrieved 5 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) @misssupranational (20 May 2024). "Congratulations to @misssupranationalhaiti_ @iamtarahlynn the winner of Supra Chat Episode 1" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C7M4wjAsruw/) . Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) @misssupranational (23 May 2024). "Congratulations to @supranationaluk @joannajohnson_x the winner of Supra Chat Episode 2" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C7R12Lks0N9/) . Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) @misssupranational (25 May 2024). "Congratulations to #brazil🇧🇷 @isamurta the winner of Supra Chat Episode 3" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C7ZeciLtEHJ/) . Retrieved 27 May 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) @misssupranational (28 May 2024). "Congratulations to #curacao 🇨🇼@chanelledelau the winner of Supra Chat Episode 4" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C7emRjxNVoH/) . Retrieved 31 May 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) @misssupranational (30 May 2024). "Congratulations to #czechrepublic🇨🇿 @justyna.zednikova the winner of Supra Chat Episode 5" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C7mcI39tPIq/) . Retrieved 31 May 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) @misssupranational (3 June 2024). "Congratulations to #dominicanrepublic🇩🇴 @jennyvaldez01 the winner of Supra Chat Episode 6" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C7uCuj9NI10/) . Retrieved 3 June 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Supra Chat 2024. Episode 9" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8ttJ_iw6jM&t=22s) . YouTube . 4 June 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-23) @misssupranational (7 June 2024). "The first FACEBOOK winner advancing to our semi-finals of the #MissInfluencer Opportunity is #VIetnam Miss Supranational Vietnam 🇻🇳 @lydievu" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C7620-rtc4a/) . Retrieved 7 June 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) @misssupranational (7 June 2024). "The second FACEBOOK winner advancing to our semi-finals of the #MissInfluencer Opportunity is #Denmark Miss Supranational Denmark 🇩🇰 @imvictorialarsen" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C77G7rism3o/) . Retrieved 7 June 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-25) @misssupranational (8 June 2024). "Influence Challenge 2" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C78t03BMG4k/) . Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) @misssupranational (10 June 2024). "The first INSTAGRAM winner advancing to our semi-finals of the #MissInfluencer Opportunity is #venezuela 🇻🇪 @rossanafiorini" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C8ANZTEMP3h/) . Retrieved 10 June 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) @misssupranational (10 June 2024). "The second INSTAGRAM winner advancing to our semi-finals of the #MissInfluencer Opportunity is #philippines🇵🇭 @the.alethea" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C8EiYNMsnn2/) . Retrieved 11 June 2024 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lim, Ron (26 June 2024). "Miss Universe PH organization calls for votes for Miss and Mister Supranational bets" (https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/celebritylife/news/113669/miss-universe-ph-organization-calls-for-votes-for-miss-and-mister-supranational-bets/story) . GMA News Online . Retrieved 27 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "The last leaderboard #misssupranational2024 before tonight's final #misssupranational" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C9FGthvMI4I/) . Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . Retrieved 2024-07-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "SUPRA MODEL OF THE YEAR. LIVE. MISS SUPRANATIONAL 2024 EXPERIENCE" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Uq9BEUqoaQ) . YouTube . 29 June 2024. / ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Congratulations to our 5 Supra Model of the Year winners" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C8z3n7xMptZ/) . Instagram . / ^ (#cite_ref-32) "SUPRA TALENT SHOW. LIVE. 9 PM (CET)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Uq9BEUqoaQ) . YouTube . 29 June 2024. / ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Gerhard Parzutka von Lipinski, President of the Miss and Mister Supranational, is pleased to announce that Survivor South Africa host, Nico Panagio, will be hosting the Miss and Mister Supranational Final Shows in Nowy Sacz, Malopolska" (https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=889448926528726&set=pb.100063908810284.-2207520000&type=3) . Facebook . Retrieved June 6, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Gerhard Parzutka von Lipinski is pleased to announce that well-known Polish/British actress Kasia Koleczek will be hosting the final shows of Miss and Mister Supranational 2024" (https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=895689489238003&set=pb.100063908810284.-2207520000&type=3) . Facebook . Retrieved June 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Miss Supranational 2024 Preliminary Evaluation. Live. 8PM (CET)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcRhNURTa-0) . YouTube . / ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Our #misssupranational2024 Preliminary Evaluation will start at 8pm CET" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C84rQ5mNe73/) . Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . Retrieved 2024-07-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "The Miss Supranational Organization is delighted to announce that our #MissSupranational2022 2nd runner-up Nguyễn Huỳnh Kim Duyên will be joining us in Poland as a member of our Panel of Experts" (https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=881198040704305&set=a.546585110832268) . Facebook . Retrieved June 17, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Miss Supranational 2024: Oto najpiękniejsza kobieta świata!" (https://www.polsat.pl/news/2024-07-06/miss-supranational-2024/) . Polsat (/wiki/Polsat) (in Polish). 6 July 2024 . Retrieved 8 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Miss Supranational Albania 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C3QaencII1V/) . Instagram . 13 February 2024 . Retrieved 13 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Misionera representará a la Argentina en un certamen internacional de belleza" (https://www.primeraedicion.com.ar/nota/100875180/misionera-representara-a-la-argentina-en-un-certamen-internacional-de-belleza/) . Primera Edición (in Spanish). 27 April 2024 . Retrieved 31 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Prome Ministro a corona Rashida Schmidt como Miss Supranational Aruba 2024" (https://diario.aw/categories/noticia/general/prome-ministro-a-corona-rashida-schmidt-como-miss-supranational-aruba-2024) . Diario (in Papiamento). 2 April 2024 . Retrieved 30 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Miss Supranational Bolivia 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cu5OOHivbKn/?im) . Instagram . 20 July 2023 . Retrieved 20 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Barobetse is Miss Supranational Botswana new queen" (https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/barobetse-is-miss-supranational-botswana-new-queen/news) . Mmegi (/wiki/Mmegi) . 8 April 2024 . Retrieved 31 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Mineira Isa Murta vence Miss Supranational Brasil e vai defender país na Polônia" (https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/colunistas/de-faixa-a-coroa/2023/12/mineira-isa-murta-vence-miss-supranational-brasil-e-vai-defender-pais-na-polonia.shtml) [Mineira Isa Murta wins Miss Supranational Brazil and will defend the country in Poland]. Folha de S.Paulo (/wiki/Folha_de_S.Paulo) (in Portuguese). 14 December 2023 . Retrieved 15 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Miss Supranational Canada 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CwOl9q0Ak2Y/) . Instagram . 22 August 2023 . Retrieved 4 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "JACI PATRICK IS MISS SUPRANATIONAL CAYMAN ISLANDS 2024" (https://www.caymaniantimes.ky/news/jaci-patrick-is-miss-supranational-cayman-islands-2024) . Caymanian Times . 8 April 2024 . Retrieved 31 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Điều tra viên tội phạm đăng quang Hoa hậu Siêu quốc gia Costa Rica" (https://vietnamnet.vn/dieu-tra-vien-toi-pham-dang-quang-hoa-hau-sieu-quoc-gia-costa-rica-2148035.html) . vietnamnet.vn (in Vietnamese). 28 May 2023 . Retrieved 16 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Miss and Mister Supranational Côte d'Ivoire 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C4-cbUrNjSr/) . Instagram . 26 March 2024 . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "NAŠ PONOS Esmeralda Slaviček iz Preloga izabrana za Miss Supranational Hrvatske" (https://emedjimurje.net.hr/vijesti/nasi-ljudi/2947036/nas-ponos-esmeralda-slavicek-iz-preloga-izabrana-za-miss-supranational-hrvatske/) . eMedjimurje (in Croatian). 11 May 2024 . Retrieved 31 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Miss and Mister Supranational Cuba 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C48exmDPHQ_/) . Instagram . 26 March 2024 . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Chanelle de Lau Miss Supranational Curacao 2024" (https://extra.cw/chanelle-de-lau-miss-supranational-curacao-2024/) . Extra (in Papiamento). 26 February 2024 . Retrieved 30 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Miss Zedníková má novou korunku, na světovou soutěž jede i Adam z Love Islandu" (https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/revue/modelky/miss-czech-republic-2023-justyna-zednikova-miss-supranational-mistr-supranational-adam-sedro.A240420_114439_missamodelky_nh) . iDNES.com (in Czech). 22 April 2024 . Retrieved 31 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Victoria Larsen Shines as Miss Supranational Denmark 2024" (https://bazaarvietnam.com/victoria-larsen-shines-as-miss-supranational-denmark-2024/) . Harper's Bazaar Vietnam . 30 January 2024 . Retrieved 31 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) "Doménica Alessi: "El estilo de miss me empodera" (https://www.expreso.ec/buenavida/domenica-alessi-estilo-miss-me-empodera-164710.html) " (https://www.expreso.ec/buenavida/domenica-alessi-estilo-miss-me-empodera-164710.html) . expreso.ec (in Spanish). 25 Jun 2023 . Retrieved 16 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Naomy Montiel es la nueva Miss Supranational El Salvador 2024" (https://www.elsalvador.com/entretenimiento/espectaculos/naomy-montiel-es-nueva-miss-supranational-el-salvador-2024/1131861/2024/) . El Diario de Hoy (in Spanish). 24 March 2024 . Retrieved 30 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) "Miss Supranational Ghana 2024: UK-Based Ghanaian Model Abigail Kabirou To Represent Ghana In Poland" (https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/style/253806-miss-supranational-ghana-2024-uk-based-ghanaian-model-abigail-kabirou-represent-ghana-poland/) . Yen . 18 March 2024 . Retrieved 30 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) "Meet Tarah-Lynn Saint-Elien: Former Miss Black New Jersey Crowned Miss" (https://haitiantimes.com/2024/03/19/meet-tarah-lynn-saint-elien-former-miss-black-new-jersey-crowned-miss-haiti-supranational/) . The Haitian Times . 19 March 2024 . Retrieved 30 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-59) "Miss Supranational Honduras: nuevo certamen de belleza llega al país" (https://www.laprensa.hn/sociales/miss-supranational-honduras-certamen-belleza-stephie-morel-DC15603264#image-1) . laprensa.hn (in Spanish). 29 September 2023 . Retrieved 8 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "Lilja Sif er Ungfrú Ísland 2023" (https://www.dv.is/fokus/2023/08/17/lilja-sif-er-ungfru-island-2023/) . dv.is (in Icelandic). 17 August 2023 . Retrieved 20 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) "LIVA Miss Diva 2023 Crowning Moments!" (https://beautypageants.in/miss-diva/liva-miss-diva-2023-crowning-moments/eventshow/103112984.cms) . beautypageants.in . Retrieved 4 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) Prima, Berkat. "Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2024 Akan Berkompetisi di Miss Supranational" (https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/berkat-prima/pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2024-akan-berkompetisi-di-miss-supranational-c1c2) . IDN Times (/wiki/IDN_Times) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 7 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-63) "ミス・スプラナショナル(Miss Supranational)2024 日本代表 園田悠希さん 選出" (https://news.nifty.com/article/world/worldall/12137-3021977/) . Nifty (in Japanese). 8 May 2024 . Retrieved 30 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-64) "ຍິນດີດ້ວຍກັບ Miss Supranational Laos 2024 ຄົນຫຼ້າສຸດ" (https://laoedaily.com.la/2024/04/01/131891/) . Lao Economic Daily (in Lao). 1 April 2024 . Retrieved 31 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-65) "Andreana Celly first Sarawakian to win Miss Supranational Malaysia" (https://www.theborneopost.com/2024/05/22/andreana-celly-first-sarawakian-to-win-miss-supranational-malaysia/) . Borneo Post Online . 2024-05-22 . Retrieved 2024-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) "Is-seba' edizzjoni ta' Miss u Mister Supranational Malta 2023" (https://netnews.com.mt/2023/10/09/is-seba-edizzjoni-ta-miss-u-mister-supranational-malta-2023/) . netnews.com.mt (in Maltese). 7 October 2024 . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) "Miss Myanmar to compete in 2024 Miss Supranational Pageant in Poland" (https://www.gnlm.com.mm/miss-myanmar-to-compete-in-2024-miss-supranational-pageant-in-poland/) . gnlm.com.mm . Retrieved 31 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-nzl_68-0) "Miss Supranational New Zealand 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C5AOFSbRAc0/?igsh=dnNzdXM4N3hscXU0) . Instagram . 27 March 2024 . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) "Miss Supranational Nicaragua 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C1YNrU9rdR_/) . Instagram . 28 December 2023 . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) "Miss Supranational Nigeria 2023" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CxC6fGfogiD/?img_index=1) . Instagram . 11 September 2023 . Retrieved 11 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) "MISS Y MISTER SUPRANATIONAL 2024: NATHALY TERRONES Y JOEL FARACH FUERON LOS GANADORES" (https://panamericana.pe/entretenimiento/408119-miss-mister-supranational-2024-nathaly-terrones-joel-farach-ganadores) . panamericana.pe (in Spanish). 3 April 2024 . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "Alethea Ambrosio to represent PH in Miss Supranational 2024" (https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/836015-alethea-ambrosio-miss-supranational-philippines-2024?) . Philstar Life . Retrieved 2024-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) Pietrzak, Leon (16 July 2023). "Miss Polski 2023 wybrana! Kim jest Angelika Jurkowianiec?" (https://www.eska.pl/news/miss-polski-2023-wybrana-kim-jest-angelika-jurkowianiec-aa-MK7G-gDfK-B7hz.html) [Miss Poland 2023 selected! Who is Angelika Jurkowianiec?]. Eska TV (/wiki/Eska_TV) (in Polish) . Retrieved 20 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-74) "Fiorella Medina y Cristian González son los nuevos Supranational Puerto Rico 2024" (https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/cultura/notas/fiorella-medina-y-cristian-gonzalez-son-los-nuevos-supranational-puerto-rico-2024/) [Fiorella Medina and Cristian González are the new Supranational Puerto Rico 2024]. El Nuevo Día (/wiki/El_Nuevo_D%C3%ADa) (in Spanish). 23 April 2024 . Retrieved 17 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_75-0) "Spotlight on Mabinty Mansaray: Miss Sierra Leone Supranational 2024" (https://www.switsalone.com/49436_spotlight-on-mabinty-mansaray-miss-sierra-leone-supranational-2024/) . SwitSalone . 13 May 2024 . Retrieved 2 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-76) "Miss Supranational Slovakia 2024" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Ct_qoLZox18/) . Instagram . 27 Jun 2023 . Retrieved 16 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-77) "Bryoni Govender to represent SA at Miss Supranational" (https://www.algoafm.co.za/entertainment/bryoni-govender-to-represent-sa-at-miss-supranational) . Algoa FM (/wiki/Algoa_FM) . 11 April 2024 . Retrieved 11 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-78) "La tinerfeña Elizabeth Laker se convierte en la nueva Miss RNB España en Salou" (https://www.diarimes.com/es/camp-tarragona/tarragones/240414/tinerfena-elizabeth-laker-convierte-nueva-miss-rnb-espana-salou_143321.html) [Elizabeth Laker from Tenerife becomes the new Miss RNB Spain in Salou]. Diario Més (in Spanish). 14 April 2024 . Retrieved 17 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-79) "โจ้-แตงกวา คว้ามง Miss & Mister Supranational Thailand 2024 สู้ศึกที่โปแลนด์" (https://www.thairath.co.th/entertain/beauty-pageant/2784747) [Jo-Tangkwa won the Miss & Mister Supranational Thailand 2024 crown, competing in Poland]. Thairath (/wiki/Thairath) (in Thai). 11 May 2024 . Retrieved 17 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-80) "Miss and Mister Supranational winners" (https://newsday.co.tt/2024/05/18/miss-and-mister-supranational-winners/) . Trinidad and Tobago Newsday (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Newsday) . 18 April 2024 . Retrieved 2 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-81) "Тернопільська модель, студентка ЗУНУ Маріна Міжнова здобула титул Miss Supranational" (https://te.20minut.ua/lyudi/ternopilska-model-studentka-znu-marina-mizhonova-zdobula-titul-miss-su-11923624.html) . 20 Minutes (in Ukrainian). 16 April 2024 . Retrieved 2 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-82) "Meet Joanna Johnson, the UK's representative for Miss Supranational 2024" (https://missworldpageants.com/joanna-johnson/#:~:text=Joanna%20Johnson%20is%20a%2030,Supranational%202024%20pageant%20in%20Poland.) . missworldpageants . 18 February 2024 . Retrieved 18 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-83) "Lola de los Santos representará a Uruguay en "Miss Supranational" en Polonia" (https://www.teledoce.com/programas/desayunos-informales/segunda-manana/lola-de-los-santos-representara-a-uruguay-en-miss-supranational-en-polonia/) . Teledoce (in Spanish). 16 May 2024 . Retrieved 30 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-84) "Miss Supranational Venezuela 2024" (https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/168942/reinas-y-reyes-de-venezuela-fueron-coronados-en-el-poliedro-de-caracas) . El Universal . 18 Nov 2023 . Retrieved 18 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-85) "Mỹ nhân Việt lai Pháp từng phẫu thuật u ở ngực thi Hoa hậu Siêu quốc gia" (https://vietnamnet.vn/my-nhan-viet-lai-phap-tung-phau-thuat-u-o-nguc-thi-hoa-hau-sieu-quoc-gia-2282772.html) . Vietnamnet . 20 May 2024 . Retrieved 20 May 2024 . External links Official website (https://www.misssupranational.com/) v t e Miss Supranational 2024 contestants Victoria Larsen (/wiki/Victoria_Larsen) Sonal Kukreja (/wiki/Sonal_Kukreja) Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) Angelika Jurkowianiec (/wiki/Angelika_Jurkowianiec) Bryoni Govender (/wiki/Bryoni_Govender) Rossana Fiorini (/wiki/Rossana_Fiorini) v t e Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) Editions 2000s 2009 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2009&action=edit&redlink=1) 2010s 2010 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2010&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2011&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2012&action=edit&redlink=1) 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2013) 2014 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2014&action=edit&redlink=1) 2015 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2015&action=edit&redlink=1) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2017) 2018 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(/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2012&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Bonaire (/wiki/Miss_Bonaire) ( 2011 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2011&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Barbados (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Barbados) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2019) ) Guadeloupe (/wiki/Miss_International_Guadeloupe) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2018) ) Martinique (/wiki/Martinique_Queens) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2013) ) Suriname (/wiki/Miss_Suriname) ( 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2021) ) Asia China (/wiki/China) ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) ) Chinese Taipei (/wiki/Miss_Chinese_Taipei) ( 2015 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2015&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Iraq (/wiki/Iraqi_beauty_pageants) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2013) ) Israel (/wiki/Miss_Israel) ( 2015 (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Supranational_2015&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Kyrgyzstan (/wiki/Miss_Kyrgyzstan) ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) ) Lebanon (/wiki/Miss_Lebanon) ( 2018 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Italian businessman and fashion designer (1931–1995) Paolo Gucci Gucci in 1977 Born 29 March 1931 ( 1931-03-29 ) Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Kingdom of Italy Died 10 October 1995 (1995-10-10) (aged 64) London (/wiki/London) , United Kingdom Occupation(s) Businessman and fashion designer Spouses Yvonne Moschetto ​ ​ ( m. 1952; div. 1977) ​ Jenny Garwood ​ ​ ( m. 1977; sep. 1990) ​ Partner Penny Armstrong (1990–1995) [1] (#cite_note-Penny-1) Children 5 Parent Aldo Gucci (/wiki/Aldo_Gucci) (father) Relatives Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) (grandfather) Rodolfo Gucci (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) (uncle) Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) (cousin) Paolo Gucci (29 March 1931 – 10 October 1995) [2] (#cite_note-Birth-2) was an Italian businessman and fashion designer. He was the one-time chief designer and vice-president of Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . [3] (#cite_note-NYTimes-3) He is credited with helping design Gucci's famous double G logo. [4] (#cite_note-Guardian-4) Early life and career [ edit ] Paolo Gucci was born on 29 March 1931 in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , the son of Olwen Price and Aldo Gucci (/wiki/Aldo_Gucci) , who was the son of Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) founder Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) . [2] (#cite_note-Birth-2) He was the chief designer of Gucci in the late 1960s. In 1978, his father named him the vice-president of Gucci. [3] (#cite_note-NYTimes-3) In 1980, Paolo secretly launched his own business using the Gucci name without telling his father, nor his uncle Rodolfo (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) . When they found out, they were both infuriated and fired him from Gucci in September 1980. In addition, his father Aldo sued him, threatening to cut off any Gucci supplier who signed on with Paolo. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 1984, seeking revenge, Paolo got his father Aldo removed from the company with the help of his cousin Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) , who had recently become the majority shareholder. [6] (#cite_note-TIFO-6) In addition, Paolo also tipped off the IRS (/wiki/IRS) about his father's tax evasion. In 1986, Aldo was sentenced to one year and one day in prison for tax evasion. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) [8] (#cite_note-Independent-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 1987, Paolo sold all his shares in Gucci to Investcorp (/wiki/Investcorp) for $42.5 million. [8] (#cite_note-Independent-8) Due to spending extravagant amounts of money and bad business decisions, he filed for bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) in 1993. [6] (#cite_note-TIFO-6) Personal life [ edit ] In 1952, Paolo Gucci married Yvonne Moschetto and had two daughters with her, Elisabetta and Patrizia (/wiki/Patrizia_Gucci) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Their marriage dissolved, and in 1977, he married British socialite (/wiki/Socialite) Jenny Garwood and had one daughter with her, Gemma Gucci. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1990, he separated from his second wife Jenny Garwood after having an affair with 19-year-old Penny Armstrong. He had two children with her out of wedlock, Alyssa and Gabriele. [1] (#cite_note-Penny-1) In 1994, he spent five weeks in prison for failing to pay alimony (/wiki/Alimony) and child support (/wiki/Child_support) to his second wife Jenny Garwood and their daughter. Paolo Gucci died in London (/wiki/London) on October 10, 1995, at age 64 of chronic hepatitis (/wiki/Chronic_hepatitis) in the midst of divorce proceedings. [8] (#cite_note-Independent-8) [13] (#cite_note-13) Arms [ edit ] The Gucci coat-of-arms Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) ; his eldest living biological son, Aldo Gucci (/wiki/Aldo_Gucci) ; Aldo Gucci's sons, Giorgio Gucci, Paolo Gucci, and Roberto Gucci; and grandson Uberto Gucci claimed the right to use an inherited, ancestral coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms) after the Kingdom of Italy (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy) , which was ruled by the House of Savoy (/wiki/House_of_Savoy) , transitioned to the Italian Republic (/wiki/Italy) in 1946. [14] (#cite_note-14) The blazon recorded, as recorded in the Archives of Florence (/wiki/Firenze) , [15] (#cite_note-15) is as follows: "Blue, three red poles bordered with silver; a head of gold, to the right a blue wheel, and to the left a red rose." ("D'azzurro, a tre pali di rosso bordati d'argento; e al capo d'oro caricato a destra di una ruota d'azzurro, e a sinistra di una rosa di rosso.") Translation: "Family of San Miniato (/wiki/San_Miniato) ; Giacinto Gucci and his brothers were admitted to the nobility of San Miniato in 1763 (on that occasion it is declared that the family had come from Cremona (/wiki/Cremona) in 1224); Giuseppe di Gaetano Gucci, on the other hand, was admitted to the nobility of Fiesole (/wiki/Fiesole) in 1839. Francesco di Benedetto Gucci obtained Florentine citizenship in 1601, for the Golden Lion banner; Giovanni Battista by Giovan Piero Gucci obtained it in 1634, in the Scala banner." Court documents, records, and subsequent rulings indicate that, because the Gucci family trademarked the coat-of-arms in 1955, the trademark transferred with the sale of the Gucci company by Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) to Investcorp (/wiki/Investcorp) , and subsequent company owners, in 1993. [16] (#cite_note-16) However, Uberto Gucci (born 1960), the son of Roberto Gucci, the nephew of Paolo Gucci, and the grandson of Aldo Gucci, claims that the Gucci family still has the right to use the ancestral Gucci coat-of-arms. In popular culture [ edit ] In the film House of Gucci (/wiki/House_of_Gucci) (2021), Paolo Gucci is played by American actor Jared Leto (/wiki/Jared_Leto) . [17] (#cite_note-17) In April 2021, Paolo's daughter Patrizia Gucci (/wiki/Patrizia_Gucci) criticized Leto's portrayal (unkempt hair, lilac suit) of her father in the film, stating that she "still feels offended". [18] (#cite_note-18) Despite this, Leto's performance received praise from film critics and earned him nominations for a Critics' Choice Movie Award (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award) and Satellite Award (/wiki/Satellite_Award) —both for Best Supporting Actor. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "From stable girl to a Gucci mistress" (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/From+stable+girl+to+a+Gucci+mistress..+and+back+serving+drinks+in+the...-a060684284) . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Gucci v. Gucci Shops, Inc., 688 F. Supp. 916 (S.D.N.Y. 1988)" (https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/688/916/2134716/) . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Shipp, E.R. (20 July 1982). "A Gucci Sues Relatives" (https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/20/style/a-gucci-sues-relatives.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_4-0) Priya, Elan (15 April 2021). " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/apr/15/gucci-family-criticises-horrible-ugly-casting-biopic-film) 'Short, fat, ugly': Gucci family lashes out at cast appearance in new film" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/apr/15/gucci-family-criticises-horrible-ugly-casting-biopic-film) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gordon, Grant (2008). Family Wars: Stories and Insights from Famous Family Business Feuds . p. 213. ^ Jump up to: a b "Family Feud: The Guccis" (http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2015/06/family-feud-the-guccis/) . Today I Found Out. 15 June 2015 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-:3_7-0) "Guccio Gucci" (https://www.theflorentine.net/2009/06/18/guccio-gucci/) . The Florentine . 17 June 2009 . Retrieved 12 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "OBITUARY : Paolo Gucci" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-paolo-gucci-1577530.html) . The Independent . 13 October 1995. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-paolo-gucci-1577530.html) from the original on 2022-05-24 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Shipp, E. R. (20 July 1982). "A Gucci Sues Relatives" (https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/20/style/a-gucci-sues-relatives.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 12 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Moore, Claire (6 January 2006). "Greed, Glamour, Gucci Galore: A Family Tale" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=115639) . ABC News . Retrieved 1 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Gay Forden, Sara (2008). La saga dei Gucci . p. 57. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Paolo Gucci, Maverick Grandson of Fashion Guru, Dies In London" (https://apnews.com/article/32d1c92b5eea94e9b815d17d3cdfdc41) . The Independent . 13 October 1995 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Patrizia Gucci about Jenny Gucci: She's a fake Gucci!" (https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/patrizia-gucci-jenny-gucci-fake-gucci-article-1.424591) . New York Daily News . 23 January 2009 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Mendola, Louis (July 20, 2018). "Gucci Beats Out Founder's Great-Grandson in Battle Over "Gucci" Trademarks" (https://www.thefashionlaw.com/gucci-beats-out-founders-great-grandson-in-battle-over-gucci-trademarks/) . The Fashion Law . Retrieved December 7, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Famiglia GUCCI (fasc. 2545)" (https://www.archiviodistato.firenze.it/ceramellipapiani/index.php?page=Famiglia&id=3993) . Archivo di Stato di Firenze (in Italian). 2008 . Retrieved December 7, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "GUCCI AMERICA, INC., Plaintiff, v. FRONTLINE PROCESSING CORP., Woodforest National Bank, Durango Merchant Services LLC, d/b/a National Bankcard Systems of Durango, "ABC Companies," and "John Does", Defendants" (https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/cases/4789) . H20 by Harvard Law . June 23, 2010 . Retrieved December 7, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "House of Gucci Cast vs. Real Life" (https://www.eonline.com/photos/32497/house-of-gucci-cast-vs-real-life) . E! (/wiki/E!) . 29 July 2021 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Gucci heirs worry over family depiction in Ridley Scott film" (https://apnews.com/article/gucci-heirs-worry-depiction-ridley-scott-film-929388bfb17bede59522c188370b75fd) . AP News (/wiki/AP_News) . 15 April 2021 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Nolfi, Joey (December 13, 2021). "West Side Story, Belfast storm Oscar race with 11 Critics Choice Awards nominations each: See the full list" (https://ew.com/awards/2022-critics-choice-awards-nominations-list/) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Retrieved December 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Anderson, Erik (December 1, 2021). " (https://awardswatch.com/belfast-the-power-of-the-dog-lead-26th-satellite-awards-nominations/) 'Belfast,' 'The Power of the Dog' lead 26th Satellite Awards nominations" (https://awardswatch.com/belfast-the-power-of-the-dog-lead-26th-satellite-awards-nominations/) . AwardsWatch . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . v t e Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) People Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) (founder) Cristóbal Balenciaga (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga) Aldo Gucci (/wiki/Aldo_Gucci) Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) Paolo Gucci Rodolfo Gucci (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Alessandro Michele (/wiki/Alessandro_Michele) Patricia Gucci (/wiki/Patricia_Gucci) Brands Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) Boucheron (/wiki/Boucheron) Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) Subsidiaries Doccia porcelain (/wiki/Doccia_porcelain) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/59151776828418012710) National Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810588832605606) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐fvcn6 Cached time: 20240719211000 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.508 seconds Real time usage: 0.641 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3301/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 56507/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5169/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88840/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.332/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9536430/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 594.437 1 -total 39.46% 234.558 1 Template:Infobox_person 29.83% 177.346 1 Template:Reflist 19.87% 118.091 11 Template:Cite_web 17.06% 101.402 1 Template:Ubl 15.32% 91.062 2 Template:Marriage 13.22% 78.577 1 Template:Gucci 12.93% 76.856 1 Template:Navbox 11.43% 67.918 1 Template:Short_description 7.30% 43.392 4 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68381647-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719211000 and revision id 1197907627. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Gucci&oldid=1197907627 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Gucci&oldid=1197907627) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1931 births (/wiki/Category:1931_births) 1995 deaths (/wiki/Category:1995_deaths) Gucci people (/wiki/Category:Gucci_people) Fashion designers from Florence (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_Florence) Italian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Italian_fashion_designers) 20th-century Italian businesspeople (/wiki/Category:20th-century_Italian_businesspeople) Deaths from hepatitis (/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_hepatitis) Italian expatriates in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Italian_expatriates_in_the_United_Kingdom) Hidden categories: CS1 Italian-language sources (it) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with PLWABN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PLWABN_identifiers)
American fashion designer and entrepreneur (1980–2021) "Abloh" redirects here. For the social networking service, see Ablo (/wiki/Ablo) . Virgil Abloh Abloh in 2019 Born ( 1980-09-30 ) September 30, 1980 Rockford, Illinois (/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois) , U.S. Died November 28, 2021 (2021-11-28) (aged 41) Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , U.S. Education University of Wisconsin–Madison (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison) ( BS (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science) ) Illinois Institute of Technology (/wiki/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology) ( MArch (/wiki/Master_of_Architecture) ) Occupations Designer entrepreneur disc jockey (/wiki/Disc_jockey) Years active 2009–2021 Title Founder (/wiki/Entrepreneurship) and CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) of Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) Artistic Director (/wiki/Artistic_Director) of menswear at Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) Creative Director (/wiki/Creative_Director) of Donda (/wiki/Donda_(company)) Spouse Shannon Sundberg ​ ( m. 2009) ​ Children 2 Virgil Abloh ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ æ b l oʊ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ; September 30, 1980 – November 28, 2021) was an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and entrepreneur. He began his own line of luxury streetwear clothing, Pyrex Vision, in 2012, and became the chief executive officer (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) of the Milan (/wiki/Milan) -based label Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) , a fashion house he founded in 2013. Abloh was also the artistic director (/wiki/Artistic_director) of Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) 's menswear collection beginning in 2018, and was given increased creative responsibilities across the LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) brand in early 2021. [1] (#cite_note-Vfreidman-1) A trained architect, Abloh, who also worked in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) street fashion (/wiki/Street_fashion) , entered the world of international fashion with an internship at Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) in 2009, alongside American rapper Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) . Abloh assumed the role of Creative Director at Donda, West's creative agency in 2010. The first African-American to be artistic director at a French luxury fashion house when he joined LVMH in 2018, [1] (#cite_note-Vfreidman-1) [2] (#cite_note-Hyman-2) Abloh was named by Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world (/wiki/Time_100) that year. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Abloh's design aesthetic which bridged streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) and luxury clothing (/wiki/Designer_clothing) was described as transformative by The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . [4] (#cite_note-NYTObit-4) According to The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) , he reached a level of global fame unusual for a designer, [5] (#cite_note-5) and as an inspirational figure, according to the BBC (/wiki/BBC) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Early life and education [ edit ] Virgil Abloh was born on September 30, 1980, in Rockford, Illinois (/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois) , to parents from Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) His mother was a seamstress (/wiki/Dressmaker) [8] (#cite_note-nytimes-8) and his father managed a paint company. [9] (#cite_note-9) From his mother, he learned how to sew. Abloh was raised in Rockford, where he attended Boylan Catholic High School (/wiki/Boylan_Catholic_High_School) , graduating in 1998. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) He graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison) in 2002 with a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering (/wiki/Civil_engineering) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) He received his Master of Architecture (/wiki/Master_of_Architecture) at the Illinois Institute of Technology (/wiki/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology) (IIT) in 2006. [10] (#cite_note-10) When Abloh was attending IIT, there was a building on campus under construction designed by the architect Rem Koolhaas (/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas) (who had also worked on runway collections for Prada (/wiki/Prada) ). Koolhaas's building helped spark his interest in fashion. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Abloh was further inspired by Crown Hall (/wiki/Crown_Hall) , designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe) . [11] (#cite_note-Connor-11) Abloh's master's thesis project involved a design for a Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) skyscraper, which curved in the direction of Lake Michigan (/wiki/Lake_Michigan) . [11] (#cite_note-Connor-11) While studying architecture, he also designed T-shirts and wrote on fashion and design for a blog (/wiki/Blog) , The Brilliance . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-Johnson-13) Abloh first met musician Kanye West while working on his designs at a Chicago print shop. [13] (#cite_note-Johnson-13) Career [ edit ] 2009–2013: Rise to prominence [ edit ] After getting his architecture degree Abloh interned (/wiki/Intern) at Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) in the same class as rapper Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) in 2009. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Placed in the company's Rome, Italy office, the two began a collaborative relationship. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) During his work with the rapper and designer, Abloh caught the eye of the Louis Vuitton CEO (/wiki/CEO) , Michael Burke. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Later that year, Abloh and West's artistic partner, Don C (/wiki/Don_C) , launched a retail store, called the RSVP Gallery, [14] (#cite_note-14) located in Chicago. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) The store became known for carrying a mixture of fashion apparel, and for its reflection of Abloh's style on his design for the store interior. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) A year later, West appointed Abloh the creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) of his creative agency (/wiki/Advertising_agency) , Donda (/wiki/Donda_(company)) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In 2011, West asked him to serve as the artistic director (/wiki/Art_director) for the 2011 Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) /West album Watch the Throne (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne) , earning the designer a Grammy nomination. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In 2012, Abloh designed the cover art for WZRD (/wiki/WZRD_(band)) 's self-titled debut (/wiki/WZRD_(album)) . [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2012, Abloh launched his first company, Pyrex Vision. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) He purchased deadstock (/wiki/Vintage_clothing#Deadstock) clothing from Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Polo_Ralph_Lauren) for $40, screen-printed designs on them and sold them for prices upward of $550. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) He closed the company down a year later as he did not intend it to be a commercial enterprise, but an artistic experiment. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) 2013–2017: Off-White and mainstream success [ edit ] In a large part streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) is seen as cheap. What my goal has been is to add an intellectual layer to it and make it credible —Abloh on the inspiration behind founding high-end (/wiki/Haute_couture) streetwear label, Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Abloh founded his first fashion house and second business overall in 2013 with the high-end streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) brand Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) , designing a logo inspired by Ben Kelly (/wiki/Ben_Kelly_(designer)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Based in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy, the company was described by Abloh as "the gray area between black and white (/wiki/Grayscale) as the color off-white (/wiki/Shades_of_white) " to investors and fashion critics. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) During the launch of his brand, he received help from the New Guards Group (/wiki/New_Guards_Group) , who also assisted many other designers and brands, such as Palm Angels, Heron Preston (/wiki/Heron_Preston) , and Marcelo Burlon. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Abloh said his first Off-White collection was inspired by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe) 's floating glass home, Farnsworth House (/wiki/Farnsworth_House) , and presented it with references to the Baroque artist Caravaggio (/wiki/Caravaggio) and the early 20th century German design studio The Bauhaus (/wiki/Bauhaus) . [18] (#cite_note-StFeilx-18) The brand lead generated widespread attention for his apparel beginning in Paris, then expanding to China, Japan, and the United States. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The clothing line can be identified through its use of quotation marks (/wiki/Quotation_mark) , zip-ties, capital letters, and barricade tape (/wiki/Barricade_tape) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) He launched the company's women's wear line in 2014 and showed the collections at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) His line was selected as a finalist for the LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Prize, an industry award, but lost to Marques'Almeida (/wiki/Marques%27Almeida) and Jacquemus (/wiki/Simon_Porte_Jacquemus) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Abloh launched his first concept store for Off-White in Hong Kong in 2014. He opened his second store in Tokyo, Japan, where he started the company's furniture arm, Grey Area, [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) followed by stores in Singapore and New York. Through Abloh's re-designing he exercised his self-made rule of only editing the shoes 3% of the way because he was intrigued by still maintaining the original design of the shoe. [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) 2013–2018: Off-White and collaborations [ edit ] By the end of 2018, an index of sales and consumer sentiment ranked Off-White as the hottest label in the world, surpassing Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . [18] (#cite_note-StFeilx-18) Virgil also partnered up with the Swedish furniture company IKEA (/wiki/IKEA) to design furniture for apartments and houses as well as easy to carry tote bags with the word sculpture imprinted in the middle. [20] (#cite_note-20) The collection was named Markerad , which is a Swedish word meaning "clear-cut; crisp; pronounced", and was released in 2019. [21] (#cite_note-21) Virgil envisioned that the collection would include practical furniture featuring contemporary designs. [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) In 2017, he was asked to design a new collection in conjunction with Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) entitled "The Ten" and he re-designed a variety of the company's best-selling shoes (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.#Products) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Abloh worked towards fulfilling his vision for the IKEA collection by sketching (/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)) out drafts of generic pieces of furniture, while adding his own aesthetics (/wiki/Aesthetics) to the designs by using a doorstop to level out furniture items. [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) Abloh worked on designs for chairs, coffee tables, beds, storage cabinets, mirrors, and carpets as part of his collaboration with IKEA. [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) Abloh used quotation marks (/wiki/Quotation_marks) to convey detachment from society and social norms. [22] (#cite_note-22) During the rise in neo-nationalism (/wiki/Neo-nationalism) in 2017 Abloh worked with conceptual artist (/wiki/Conceptual_art) Jenny Holzer (/wiki/Jenny_Holzer) to create a line emphasizing the positive aspects of immigration (/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States) , cultural integration (/wiki/Cultural_assimilation) , and globalization. [23] (#cite_note-23) In December 2017, he worked with Holzer again to design T-shirts for Planned Parenthood (/wiki/Planned_Parenthood) in response to the Women's March on Washington (/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March) . [24] (#cite_note-24) 2018–2021: Louis Vuitton [ edit ] Abloh incorporated the LV logo in his debut menswear collection for the brand. On March 25, 2018, Abloh was named artistic director of Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) 's menswear ready-to-wear line, making him the first person of African descent to lead the brand's menswear line, as well as one of the few black designers at the helm of a major French fashion house (/wiki/List_of_grand_couturiers) . [8] (#cite_note-nytimes-8) Upon his acceptance of the position, he stated, "It is an honor for me to accept this position. I find the heritage and creative integrity of the house are key inspirations and will look to reference them both while drawing parallels to modern times". [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Abloh showed his first collection for Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) at the 2018 Men's Fashion Week (/wiki/Men%27s_Fashion_Week) at the Palais-Royal (/wiki/Palais-Royal) gardens in Paris. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) was the first well known person to wear Abloh prior to this watershed show. [29] (#cite_note-29) Playboi Carti (/wiki/Playboi_Carti) , Steve Lacy (/wiki/Steve_Lacy_(guitarist)) , A$AP Nast (/wiki/A$AP_Nast) , Dev Hynes (/wiki/Dev_Hynes) , and Kid Cudi (/wiki/Kid_Cudi) walked the runway for Abloh's debut Vuitton show. [30] (#cite_note-30) Abloh was in high demand thereafter for his designs, creating an original outfit designed for Serena Williams (/wiki/Serena_Williams) to wear throughout the 2018 US Open (/wiki/2018_US_Open_(tennis)) , a collaboration with Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) . [31] (#cite_note-31) On June 5, 2018, Abloh released a special collaboration with the luggage manufacturer Rimowa (/wiki/Rimowa) , a transparent suitcase in a limited edition. [32] (#cite_note-32) In March 2019, Abloh collaborated with IKEA (/wiki/IKEA) to start making furniture for millennials (/wiki/Millennials) , ranging from cabinets, rugs, coffee tables, and chairs. Abloh incorporated different elements of style, such as his quotation marks around certain words and putting it on different articles of clothing, and in this case different types of furniture. [33] (#cite_note-33) For example, Abloh created a "Door Stop Interruption" on a chair by adding a doorstop (/wiki/Doorstop) on one of the chair legs to make it elevated. One of Abloh's most popular items is the Frakta Bag. It is beige with the text "SCULPTURE" imprinted on the side. [34] (#cite_note-34) In March 2019 Abloh teamed up with SSENSE (/wiki/SSENSE) to release a workout collection. This collection contained a variety of workout clothes ranging from; matching leggings and sports bras, athletic sweaters, and crop tops (/wiki/Crop_top) . The collection incorporated some of Abloh's signature designs by including the Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) yellow sign wrapping around the waist of the pants and bottom of the sports bras. [35] (#cite_note-35) Abloh also included a three-dimensional addition of his four-way arrows, creating a cross, on the front of the tops and pants. [36] (#cite_note-36) "I now have a platform to change the industry . . . We’re designers, so we can start a trend, we can highlight issues, we can make a lot of people focus on something or we can cause a lot of people to focus on ourselves. . . I’m not interested in (the latter). I’m interested in using my platform as one of a very small group of African-American males to design a house, to sort of show people in a poetic way. -- Virgil Abloh (2018) [37] (#cite_note-37) Abloh was featured in conversation with his friend and frequent collaborator Takashi Murakami (/wiki/Takashi_Murakami) on the cover of the fall 2018 issue of Cultured magazine (/wiki/Cultured_(magazine)) . [38] (#cite_note-Cultured_magazine-38) In 2019, Abloh was appointed to the board of directors of The Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) . The council seeks to promote the American fashion industry. [39] (#cite_note-39) Abloh created a custom Off-White gown and veil for Hailey Bieber (/wiki/Hailey_Bieber) 's wedding day. On the veil, he included his famous quotation marks design around the words "till death do us part". [40] (#cite_note-40) In July 2021, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton (/wiki/LVMH) announced it would be taking a 60% stake in Off-White, with founder Abloh, then the creative director of menswear for Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , retaining the remaining 40%. [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) At the same time, Abloh was given greater creative control across the LVMH brand. [1] (#cite_note-Vfreidman-1) Art [ edit ] Abloh worked frequently with Japanese artist Takashi Murakami (/wiki/Takashi_Murakami) . Abloh was given a solo art show in Murakami's Kaikai Kiki art gallery in Tokyo, Japan (/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan) . Pieces of their artwork were showcased together at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Chicago) and Murakami's shop Oz Zingaro in Tokyo. [43] (#cite_note-43) In 2018, Abloh and Murakami collaborated on a series of exhibitions at Gagosian Gallery (/wiki/Gagosian_Gallery) 's outposts in London, [44] (#cite_note-44) Paris, [45] (#cite_note-45) and Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) . [46] (#cite_note-46) In 2019, Abloh introduced the MCA speech campaign for the CTA (/wiki/Chicago_Transit_Authority) 's Red Line (/wiki/Red_Line_(CTA)) train wrap. [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-:3-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) Abloh showcased an installation and billboard commission at the Spazio Maiocchi in Milan, Italy where he gave a speech on streetwear becoming "...the next global art movement”. [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) Abloh's first solo art exhibition occurred at the Museum of Contemporary Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Chicago) in Chicago in 2019. [55] (#cite_note-hypebeast.com-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) This show featured a large scale sculpture of Kanye West's Yeezus (/wiki/Yeezus) cover art and repeated photographs of Chief Keef (/wiki/Chief_Keef) wearing a Supreme (/wiki/Supreme_(brand)) t-shirt designed by Abloh. [57] (#cite_note-57) [55] (#cite_note-hypebeast.com-55) [50] (#cite_note-:3-50) After Chicago, Virgil Abloh: Figures of Speech [58] (#cite_note-58) traveled to the High Museum of Art (/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art) , [59] (#cite_note-59) the Institute of Contemporary Art/Boston (/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Boston) , and Qatar Museums (/wiki/Qatar_Museums) , as part of the Qatar-USA 2021 Year of Culture. [60] (#cite_note-60) The exhibition was intended to offer a mid-career retrospective of Abloh's endeavors in art, design and music. [61] (#cite_note-61) The Brooklyn Museum (/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum) displayed Figures of Speech from July 1, 2022 – January 29, 2023. Brooklyn's edition of the exhibition spanned the two decades of the artist’s practice, including collaborations with artist Takashi Murakami, musician Kanye West, and architect Rem Koolhaas (/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas) , among others; material from his fashion label Off-White; and items from Louis Vuitton, where he served as the first Black menswear artistic director. The installation also offered a space for gathering and performances, designed to counter the historical lack of space afforded to Black artists and Black people in cultural institutions. [62] (#cite_note-62) Music [ edit ] Abloh's interest in music led him to DJing (/wiki/Disc_jockey) beginning in his teens. He DJ'd at house parties throughout high school and college. [63] (#cite_note-63) His influences included DJ's A-Trak (/wiki/A-Trak) , Benji B (/wiki/Benji_B) , and Gilles Peterson (/wiki/Gilles_Peterson) . [64] (#cite_note-64) Over the years, Abloh gained recognition as a DJ and started playing shows internationally. He played at Hi Ibiza (/wiki/H%C3%AF_Ibiza) and was also booked for the 2019 edition of the Tomorrowland festival (/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)) . [65] (#cite_note-65) Abloh released his first single "Orvnge" with German DJ/producer Boys Noize in January 2018. [66] (#cite_note-66) In June 2019, Abloh was named to a DJ residency at Wynn Las Vegas (/wiki/Wynn_Las_Vegas) 's XS Nightclub, with Wynn also agreeing to open an Off-White store. [67] (#cite_note-67) In May 2019 Pioneer (/wiki/Pioneer_DJ) , maker of DJ consoles, announced its collaboration with Abloh in design of its transparent CDJ-2000NXS2 and DJM-900NXS2 models. [68] (#cite_note-68) The consoles were displayed at Chicago's Museum of Contemporary Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Chicago) in the Figures of Speech Exhibition. [69] (#cite_note-69) In June 2020, Abloh designed the original cover for Pop Smoke (/wiki/Pop_Smoke) album, Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon (/wiki/Shoot_for_the_Stars,_Aim_for_the_Moon) . The original cover came under heavy criticism from fans. On July 2, a new cover, designed by Ryder Ripps (/wiki/Ryder_Ripps) , was revealed along with the album's release. [70] (#cite_note-70) Abloh also worked on album art for artists ASAP Rocky (/wiki/ASAP_Rocky) , Lil Uzi Vert (/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert) 's Luv Is Rage 2 (/wiki/Luv_Is_Rage_2) , [71] (#cite_note-71) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's Yeezus (/wiki/Yeezus) , [72] (#cite_note-72) Kid Cudi (/wiki/Kid_Cudi) , and Westside Gunn (/wiki/Westside_Gunn) . [73] (#cite_note-73) In 2021, he launched a new monthly two-hour internet radio (/wiki/Internet_radio) show on Worldwide FM (/wiki/Worldwide_FM) , "Imaginary Radio" c/o Virgil Abloh . The show featured DJ sets and interviews with musicians and other creatives; early guests included artists like electronic artist Omar-S (/wiki/Omar-S) and Alex Sowinski (/wiki/Alexander_Sowinski) of BadBadNotGood (/wiki/BadBadNotGood) . [74] (#cite_note-74) [75] (#cite_note-75) He previously had a show on Apple Music 1 (/wiki/Apple_Music_1) called "TELEVISED RADIO". Five episodes were released between 2018 and 2020. [76] (#cite_note-76) [77] (#cite_note-77) [78] (#cite_note-78) In 2021, the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) (MoMA) published "You Can Do It Too": Songs for, by, and with Virgil Abloh. [79] (#cite_note-79) Controversies [ edit ] Abloh noted that one of his principles is that a new design can be created by changing an original by only three percent. [80] (#cite_note-80) He described his approach as being "ironic detachment" and that Duchamp's (/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp) precedent (/wiki/Ready_mades) "gives him the grounds to copy and paste, to take and to re-apply". This philosophy caused Abloh to be accused of plagiarism (/wiki/Plagiarism) and appropriation (/wiki/Appropriation_(art)) . [81] (#cite_note-81) [82] (#cite_note-82) The originality of Off-White's logo design with its alternating parallel diagonal lines has been contested by a number of parties, including Ben Kelly (/wiki/Ben_Kelly_(designer)) , who popularized this graphic in the early 1980s. [83] (#cite_note-83) [84] (#cite_note-84) Fashion blog (/wiki/Fashion_blog) Diet Prada (/wiki/Diet_Prada) has compared several of Abloh's designs, from chairs to apparel, with existing designs. [85] (#cite_note-85) Abloh's fall/winter 2019 collection was based on his "ultimate muse", Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) . The launch occurred one week prior to the release of Leaving Neverland (/wiki/Leaving_Neverland) at the Sundance Film Festival (/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival) . [86] (#cite_note-86) In response, Louis Vuitton announced they would not produce any items that directly featured Michael Jackson elements. [87] (#cite_note-87) Abloh also received criticism in early 2019 when images of his Off-White team suggested a lack of cultural diversity at his head office (/wiki/Headquarters) . [88] (#cite_note-88) In 2019, LVMH recorded a 20% growth in sales that were in part attributed to his appointment. [89] (#cite_note-89) However, in December 2019 Abloh predicted that streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) would die in 2020 as people moved to vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) . [90] (#cite_note-90) On the March 2020 launch of his collaboration with Japanese streetwear designer Nigo (/wiki/Nigo) , Abloh retracted his earlier comments clarifying that he was only riffing, describing himself as a novice (/wiki/Novice) . [91] (#cite_note-91) During the George Floyd protests (/wiki/George_Floyd_protests) in mid-2020, Abloh attracted criticism after posting on social media a screenshot (/wiki/Screenshot) showing that he had made a $50 donation to Miami (/wiki/Miami) -based art collective (F)empower to go towards protesters' legal costs, [92] (#cite_note-reuters-designer-apologises-92) [93] (#cite_note-guardian-elan-93) adding that he was "crazy inspired". [94] (#cite_note-nyt-friedman-paton-06-01-2020-94) [95] (#cite_note-insider-lustig-95) He later said on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) [96] (#cite_note-vulture-kiefer-96) that "I can understand your frustration if you think my contributions were limited to $50... [that is] purely false when it comes to the total. I have donated $20,500 to bail funds and other causes related to this movement," [97] (#cite_note-insta-CA6ObECpnvH-97) and continued, "I will continue to donate more and will continue to use my voice to urge my peers to do the same." [98] (#cite_note-root-stidhum-98) Abloh also subsequently stated that the looting of businesses during the George Floyd protests (/wiki/George_Floyd_protests) was an example of why streetwear "is dead". [94] (#cite_note-nyt-friedman-paton-06-01-2020-94) Philanthropy [ edit ] In 2020, he established the Virgil Abloh "Post-Modern" Scholarship Fund. Abloh raised $1 million for the scholarships which will be managed by the Fashion Scholarship Fund to assist Black students. [99] (#cite_note-Fashion_Scholarship_Fund-99) In July 2020, Abloh's brand Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) launched a fundraising program called "I Support Young Black Businesses" that sold Hoodies and T-Shirts with “I Support Young Black Businesses” written on them. [100] (#cite_note-100) All of those proceeds went to an organization called Chicago CRED (/wiki/Chicago_CRED) , aimed to diminish gun violence. [101] (#cite_note-101) Also that year, with Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) he finished the redesign and renovations of the Boys and Girls Club (/wiki/Boys_%26_Girls_Clubs_of_America) facility in East Garfield Park, Chicago (/wiki/East_Garfield_Park,_Chicago) . [102] (#cite_note-102) Abloh spent significant amounts of his time to mentor and provide mentoring resources to young designers. [103] (#cite_note-103) Awards and honors [ edit ] Abloh received his first major award in 2011 when his work designing the cover art for American rappers Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) and Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's collaborative album Watch the Throne (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne) was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Recording Package (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Recording_Package) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In 2015, Abloh (for Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) ) was one of the finalists for the LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Prize. Abloh was the only American designer to be nominated for the award that year. Abloh's Charlie Hebdo (/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo) -inspired "War is Not Over!" tees as well as his toppers from his fall 2015 women's collection gained him the most traction. [104] (#cite_note-104) He received the Urban Luxe award at the 2017 British Fashion Awards (/wiki/The_Fashion_Awards) . [8] (#cite_note-nytimes-8) [105] (#cite_note-105) He also won International designer of the Year at the GQ (/wiki/GQ) Men of the Year awards in 2017. [106] (#cite_note-106) Abloh's Off-White Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) "the Ten" collaboration won 2017's Shoe of the Year and he received the nod for Accessory Designer of the Year. [107] (#cite_note-107) Abloh was listed as one of Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine's 100 most influential people in the world (/wiki/Time_100) in 2018, one of two designers named that year. [108] (#cite_note-gq-108) In the Time issue, Japanese artist Takashi Murakami (/wiki/Takashi_Murakami) wrote that Abloh's impressive achievements led to his listing. [109] (#cite_note-109) In December 2018, Abloh was honored as a leading innovator by Ebony Power 100. [110] (#cite_note-110) Abloh was also nominated for 2019 Menswear Designer of the Year. [111] (#cite_note-111) Personal life and death [ edit ] Abloh met his wife, Shannon Sundberg in high school, where they began dating. After 10 years of dating, Abloh and Sundberg married in Chicago in 2009. [112] (#cite_note-112) Abloh lived in Chicago with his wife and their two children. [113] (#cite_note-wmagazine-113) In 2019, Abloh was diagnosed with cardiac angiosarcoma (/wiki/Angiosarcoma) , a rare type of cancer, though he kept the diagnosis private. He died on November 28, 2021, at the age of 41, in Chicago. [4] (#cite_note-NYTObit-4) [114] (#cite_note-114) [115] (#cite_note-115) With the family's permission, LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) paid tribute to Abloh at their planned November 30 spin-out fashion show in Miami (/wiki/Miami) , with a theme of "Virgil was here". Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , ASAP Rocky (/wiki/ASAP_Rocky) , Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) , Tahar Rahim (/wiki/Tahar_Rahim) , Venus Williams (/wiki/Venus_Williams) , Joe Jonas (/wiki/Joe_Jonas) , Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) , Jeremy Pope (/wiki/Jeremy_Pope_(actor)) , 21 Savage (/wiki/21_Savage) , Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) , and Bernard Arnault (/wiki/Bernard_Arnault) attended the tribute. Louis Vuitton dedicated its window displays worldwide, also using the dedication "Virgil was here". [116] (#cite_note-116) Kanye West later led a tribute to Abloh at his Sunday Service event with the song Easy On Me (/wiki/Easy_on_Me) by Adele (/wiki/Adele) on November 28, 2021. [117] (#cite_note-117) Abloh's funeral service took place on December 6, 2021, in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , with Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) , Rihanna, West, Kardashian, Kid Cudi (/wiki/Kid_Cudi) , Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) , ASAP Rocky, Frank Ocean (/wiki/Frank_Ocean) , Vic Mensa (/wiki/Vic_Mensa) , Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) , Don C (/wiki/Don_C) , and Jerry Lorenzo (/wiki/Jerry_Lorenzo) in attendance amongst his family and other close friends. [118] (#cite_note-118) [119] (#cite_note-119) In 2022, Lil Durk paid tribute to Virgil with the song What Happened to Virgil (/wiki/What_Happened_to_Virgil) . [120] (#cite_note-120) Books [ edit ] Insert Complicated Title Here (2018) Virgil Abloh. Nike. ICONS (2020) Abloh-isms (2021) Virgil Abloh: Figures of Speech (2022) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Friedman, Vanessa (July 20, 2021). "Virgil Abloh Gets a Seat at the Power Table" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/style/virgil-abloh-lvmh-off-white.html) . The New York Times. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hyman_2-0) Hyman, Dan (May 23, 2019). "Virgil Abloh Has Designs on High Culture" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/23/arts/design/virgil-abloh.html) . The New York Times. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved June 13, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Grobe, Max (March 28, 2018). "How Virgil Abloh Went From DJing to the World's Biggest Luxury House: a Timeline" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/virgil-abloh-career-timeline/) . Highsnobiety . Retrieved April 1, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Friedman, Vanessa (November 28, 2021). "Virgil Abloh, Bold Designer of Men's Wear, Dies at 41" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/style/virgil-abloh-dead.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved November 28, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gallagher, Jacob (November 29, 2021). "Virgil Abloh Left an Outsize Impact on Global Fashion and Culture" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/virgil-abloh-left-an-outsize-impact-on-global-fashion-and-culture-11638145499) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Virgil Abloh: How he 'helped black people dream in fashion' (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-59414088) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-59414088) . BBC News. November 29, 2021 . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Yotka, Steff (March 28, 2018). "A Brief History of Virgil Abloh's Meteoric Rise" (https://www.vogue.com/article/virgil-abloh-biography-career-timeline) . Vogue . Retrieved April 21, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Friedman, Vanessa; Paton, Elizabeth (March 26, 2018). "Louis Vuitton Names Virgil Abloh as Its New Men's Wear Designer" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/26/business/louis-vuitton-virgil-abloh.html) . The New York Times. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved April 21, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "5 things you need to know about Virgil Abloh" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190324053218/https://trace.tv/lifestyle/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-virgil-abloh/) . Trace.tv (in French). March 30, 2018. Archived from the original (https://trace.tv/lifestyle/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-virgil-abloh/) on March 24, 2019 . Retrieved December 18, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rock, Michael (February 6, 2017). "Virgil Abloh – Columbia GSAPP" (https://www.arch.columbia.edu/events/455-virgil-abloh) . archcolumbia.edu . Retrieved April 21, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Connor, Andrew (December 16, 2021). "Remembering Alumnus Virgil Abloh, a Pioneering Designer Inspired by Architecture" (https://www.iit.edu/news/remembering-alumnus-virgil-abloh-pioneering-designer-inspired-architecture) . Illinois Institute of Technology . Retrieved May 31, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The Brilliance!" (http://www.thebrilliance.com/) . thebrilliance.com . Retrieved December 17, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Johnson, Steve (June 5, 2019). "Virgil Abloh's journey – from T-shirts to Kanye West to Louis Vuitton – now stops at the MCA for an exhibit devoted to the Rockford artist" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/museums/ct-ae-virgil-abloh-mca-ttd-0609-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved June 13, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "A Timeline of RSVP Gallery, Chicago's Flyest Boutique Shop" (https://www.complex.com/style/2016/11/a-timeline-of-rsvp-gallery-chicagos-flyest-boutique-shop/) . Complex . Retrieved October 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "A History of Virgil Abloh's Album Covers" (https://www.complex.com/style/virgil-abloh-album-covers) . Complex Networks (/wiki/Complex_Networks) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Morency, Christopher (September 29, 2016). "The Unlikely Success of Virgil Abloh" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/the-unlikely-success-of-virgil-abloh-off-white) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved April 23, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Obrist, Hans-Ulrich (November 30, 2017). "What is Virgil Abloh ?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200610063956/http://www.buro247.com.au/fashion/insiders/virgil-abloh.html) . BURO . Archived from the original (http://www.buro247.com.au/fashion/insiders/virgil-abloh.html) on June 10, 2020 . Retrieved June 10, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b St. Felix, Doreen (March 11, 2019). "Virgil Abloh, Menswear's Biggest Star" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/18/virgil-abloh-menswears-biggest-star) . The New Yorker . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Agostinho Zinga (October 28, 2017), Virgil Abloh's Lecture at Harvard's Graduate School of Design , retrieved April 1, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Virgil Abloh teases a rug from Ikea and Off-White collaboration" (https://www.curbed.com/2017/10/17/16488560/ikea-virgil-abloh-off-white-collection-rug) . Curbed . Retrieved April 8, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Virgil Abloh Gives a Master Class on His IKEA Collaboration Design Process | Architectural Digest" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/virgil-abloh-ikea-collaboration-design-process-kanye-west) . Architectural Digest . Retrieved April 8, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Leach, Alec (August 30, 2017). "Why Does Virgil Abloh Put Everything in "QUOTES?" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/2017/08/30/virgil-abloh-off-white-quotation-marks/) " (https://www.highsnobiety.com/2017/08/30/virgil-abloh-off-white-quotation-marks/) . Highsnobiety . Retrieved May 4, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Madsen, Susanne (June 16, 2017). "Virgil Abloh on getting political with Jenny Holzer" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/36381/1/virgil-abloh-on-getting-political-with-jenny-holzer-pitti-ss18-off-white) . Dazed . Retrieved April 21, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Mak, Hunter (December 1, 2017). "Virgil Abloh & Jenny Holzer Create T-Shirt for Planned Parenthood" (https://hypebeast.com/2017/12/virgil-abloh-jenny-holzer-planned-parenthood-tshirt) . HYPEBEAST . Retrieved April 21, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Louis Vuitton Appoints Virgil Abloh As Its New Menswear Designer" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a19591866/louis-vuitton-menswear-designer-virgil-abloh/) . Harper's BAZAAR (/wiki/Harper%27s_BAZAAR) . March 26, 2018 . Retrieved April 25, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Virgil Abloh Debuts First-Ever Louis Vuitton Men's Collection At Fashion Week in Paris (http://www.newsweek.com/virgil-abloh-welcomes-his-first-ever-louis-vuitton-mens-collection-fashion-989763) Omari White, newsweek.com (/wiki/Newsweek.com) 6/21/18 ^ (#cite_ref-27) V is for Virgil: Abloh makes debut for Louis Vuitton in Paris (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/jun/21/virgil-abloh-louis-vuitton-debut-show-paris-menswear-spring-summer-2019) Scarlett Conlon, theguardian.com (/wiki/Theguardian.com) June 21, 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-28) Virgil Abloh Writes New Chapter at Louis Vuitton (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/virgil-abloh-debut-louis-vuitton-kanye-west-1202720839/) Joelle Diderich, Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , June 20, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Of Course Rihanna Is the First to Wear Virgil Abloh's Louis Vuitton" (https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-louis-vuitton-virgil-abloh-spring-2019-collection) . Vogue . Retrieved June 26, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Hahn, Rachel (June 21, 2018). "Playboi Carti, Steve Lacy, and More Musicians Who Walked Virgil Abloh's First Louis Vuitton Show" (https://www.vogue.com/article/virgil-abloh-louis-vuitton-paris-spring-2019-menswear-fashion-week-dev-hynes-steve-lacy-playboi-carti-kanye-west-kid-cudi) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Hargrove, Channing (August 22, 2018). "Serena Williams Talks Wearing Nike X Off-White To The U.S. Open" (https://www.refinery29.com/2018/08/207144/virgil-abloh-serena-williams-nike-us-open-dress-sneaker-collection) . Refinery29 . Retrieved October 9, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Rimowa Has Made a $1,000 See-Through Suitcase" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-05/rimowa-x-off-white-collaboration-features-transparent-suitcase) . Bloomberg (/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.) . June 5, 2018 . Retrieved February 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) McGarrigle, Lia. "Here Is the Full Virgil Abloh x IKEA Collection With Pricing Details" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180613200442/https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/virgil-abloh-ikea-collaboration-best-look/) . HIGHSNOBIETY . Archived from the original (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/virgil-abloh-ikea-collaboration-best-look/) on June 13, 2018 . Retrieved April 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Gibson, Eleanor (May 2018). "IKEA offers first look at furniture designed for millennials by Virgil Abloh" (https://www.dezeen.com/2018/05/01/ikea-virgil-abloh-furniture-millennial/) . Dezeen . Retrieved April 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Hopkins, Mayzie (March 28, 2019). "Off-White's first fitness collection is here" (https://vmagazine.com/article/v-exclusive-off-white-x-ssense-fitness-capsule/) . VMagazine . Retrieved April 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "SSENSE : Off-White "WORKOUT" Capsule" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc9msWjpCbU) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . March 29, 2019 . Retrieved April 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Yasharoff, Hannah. "Virgil Abloh, trailblazing Louis Vuitton director, dies after private cancer battle at 41" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/11/28/virgil-abloh-dies-louis-vuitton-director-off-white-ceo-cancer/8786929002/) . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cultured_magazine_38-0) Roffino, Sara (September 2018). "Virgil Abloh and Takashi Murakami are Changing the Conversation One Collaboration at a Time" (https://www.culturedmag.com/virgil-abloh-takashi-murakami) . Cultured magazine . Retrieved February 17, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Karimzedah, Marc (September 3, 2019). "Meet the New CFDA Board Members" (https://cfda.com/news/meet-the-new-cfda-board-members) . cfda.com . Retrieved September 4, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Newbold, Alice (July 9, 2019). "Everything We Know About Justin Bieber And Hailey Baldwin's Wedding" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/justin-bieber-wedding-hailey-baldwin) . British Vogue . Retrieved November 3, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Dalton, Matthew (July 20, 2021). "Virgil Abloh Sells Off-White to LVMH, Deepening Ties With Luxury Conglomerate" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/virgil-abloh-sells-off-white-to-lvmh-deepening-ties-with-luxury-conglomerate-11626783903) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved July 20, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Dalton, Matthew (March 26, 2018). "Louis Vuitton Appoints Virgil Abloh as New Creative Director" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/louis-vuitton-appoints-virgil-abloh-as-new-creative-director-1522072045) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved July 20, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Cowen, Trace William. "Virgil Abloh's First Solo Art Show Debuts at Takashi Murakami's Tokyo Gallery This Month" (https://www.complex.com/style/2018/03/virgil-abloh-first-solo-art-show-debuts-takashi-murakami-tokyo-gallery) . Complex . Retrieved April 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Murakami & Abloh: future history, February 21 – April 7, 2018 (https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2018/murakami-abloh-future-history/) Gagosian Gallery (/wiki/Gagosian_Gallery) . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Foreman, Katya (June 23, 2018). "Virgil Abloh and Takashi Murakami Talk Making Art Via WhatsApp" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/virgil-abloh-and-takashi-murakami-talk-making-art-via-whatsapp-1202729996/) . WWD . Retrieved April 12, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Therrien, Allison (September 13, 2018). "Murakami & Abloh "America Too" (https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2018/murakami-abloh-america-too/) " (https://gagosian.com/exhibitions/2018/murakami-abloh-america-too/) . Gagosian . Retrieved April 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) The train station in Chicago on the account Instagram of @virgilabloh (https://www.spotern.com/en/spot/instagram/travisscott/316675/the-train-station-in-chicago-on-the-account-instagram-of-atvirgilabloh) ^ (#cite_ref-48) MCA Checks In: Virgil Abloh (https://chicagoathleticevents.com/mca-checks-in-virgil-abloh/) ^ (#cite_ref-49) @claire_voon (June 7, 2019). "looks like chicago is, uh, getting some Virgil Abloh CTA art" (https://x.com/claire_voon/status/1137017949359935488) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved December 29, 2021 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ Jump up to: a b Figures of Speech (https://mcachicago.org/exhibitions/2019/virgil-abloh) ^ (#cite_ref-51) Thin Red Line Documentation (https://sanjanaelina.com/thin-red-line-documentation) ^ (#cite_ref-52) "KALEIDOSCOPE Issue 33 Takeover — Spazio Maiocchi" (https://www.spaziomaiocchi.com/kaleidoscope-takeover/) . www.spaziomaiocchi.com . October 20, 2018 . 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"Virgil Abloh on DJing and streetwear: 'Fashion is about to take a left turn' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/jul/12/virgil-abloh-dj-streetwear-fashion-kanye-brooklyn) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/jul/12/virgil-abloh-dj-streetwear-fashion-kanye-brooklyn) . The Guardian. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-65) Torà, Pol (April 24, 2019). "Tomorrowland announces new wave of artists" (https://weraveyou.com/2019/04/tomorrowland-announces-artists/) . We Rave You . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) "Fashion Star Virgil Abloh Drops First Single 'Orvnge' With Boys Noize: Listen" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8096544/virgil-abloh-first-single-orvnge-boys-noize) . Billboard . January 26, 2018 . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) Bien, Kat (June 20, 2019). "Virgil Abloh Announces DJ Residency & Off-White Store at Wynn Las Vegas" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8516840/virgil-abloh-dj-residency-off-white-store-wynn-las-vegas) . Billboard . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "New collaboration: Pioneer DJ c/o Virgil Abloh - News - Pioneer DJ News" (https://www.pioneerdj.com/en-us/news/2019/new-collaboration-with-virgil-abloh/) . Pioneer DJ . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) Thüne, Phil (May 23, 2019). "PIONEER DJ unveil brand-new transparent DJ equipment" (https://weraveyou.com/2019/05/pioneer-dj-transparent-cdj/) . We Rave You . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) Hussey, Allison (July 3, 2020). "Pop Smoke's Posthumous New Album Shoot for the Stars Aim for the Moon Released" (https://pitchfork.com/news/pop-smokes-posthumous-new-album-shoot-for-the-stars-aim-for-the-moon-released-listen/) . Pitchfork . Retrieved July 16, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) "Virgil Abloh Explains How He Made The Album Art For Lil Uzi Vert's Luv Is Rage 2" (https://www.thefader.com/2017/08/25/virgil-abloh-interview-lil-uzi-vert-luv-is-rage-2-album-cover-art) . The FADER . August 24, 2017 . Retrieved May 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "Who Does the 'Yeezus' Artwork Really Belong To?" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/kanye-west-yeezus-artwork-controversy/) . Retrieved August 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) "A History of Virgil Abloh's Album Covers" (https://www.complex.com/style/virgil-abloh-album-covers) . Complex . Retrieved February 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-74) Imaginary Radio Care of Virgil Abloh (Audio). Worldwide FM (/wiki/Worldwide_FM) . May 13, 2021. 2:38–4:40 minutes in. ^ (#cite_ref-75) "Virgil Abloh™ with Omar S and Alex from BadBadNotGood | WorldwideFM" (https://worldwidefm.net/episode/virgil-abloh-with-omar-s-and-alex-from-badbadnotgood) . worldwidefm.net . 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" (https://www.moma.org/magazine/articles/667) "You Can Do It Too": Songs for, by, and with Virgil Abloh | Magazine | MoMA" (https://www.moma.org/magazine/articles/667) . The Museum of Modern Art . Retrieved November 20, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-80) Thorpe, Harriet (June 18, 2018). "Virgil Abloh, The Incidents Book" (https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/virgil-abloh-the-incidents-book-harvard-gsd-sternberg-press) . Wallpaper Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-81) Delistraty, Cody (January 21, 2018). "The Endless Appropriations of Virgil Abloh" (https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/paq4p7/appropriations-virgil-abloh) . Garage Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-82) Marcus, Ezra. "Belgian Designer Accuses Virgil Abloh of Copying. Again" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/fashion/virgil-abloh-walter-van-beirendonck-kanye-west-louis-vuitton.htmlh) . New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-83) "Off-White and Paige have put their multi-faceted fight over Stripes to Bed" (https://www.thefashionlaw.com/off-white-and-paige-are-no-longer-fighting-over-their-striped-trademarks/) . The Fashion Law . October 29, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-84) Stanley, Jack (October 17, 2018). "Ben Kelly on the Hacienda's Legacy & Working with Virgil Abloh" (https://hypebeast.com/2018/10/ben-kelly-virgil-abloh-hacienda-columns-interview) . Hypebeast . ^ (#cite_ref-85) St. Felix, Doreen (March 11, 2019). "Virgil Abloh, Menswear's Biggest Star" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/18/virgil-abloh-menswears-biggest-star) . The New Yorker . ^ (#cite_ref-86) Mondalek, Alexandra (March 14, 2019). "Louis Vuitton has a Michael Jackson Problem" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/louis-vuitton-has-a-michael-jackson-problem) . Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-87) "Louis Vuitton addresses Michael Jackson Controversy" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/louis-vuitton-addresses-michael-jackson-controversey-1203084577/) . WWD . March 14, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-88) Penrose, Nerisha (May 3, 2019). "Virgil Abloh responds to Off-White's Lack of Diversity Criticism" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a27360214/virgil-abloh-off-white-lack-of-diversity-response/) . ELLE Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-89) Williams, Robert (July 24, 2019). "LVMH Gains to Record as Louis Vuitton, Dior Fuel Growth" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-24/louis-vuitton-and-dior-drive-booming-sales-at-lvmh) . Bloomberg . ^ (#cite_ref-90) Hope Allwood, Emma (December 17, 2019). "Virgil Abloh: Streetwear? It's definitely gonna die" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/47195/1/virgil-abloh-end-of-2010s-interview-death-of-streetwear) . Dazed Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-91) Phelps, Nicole (March 9, 2020). "Virgil Abloh Shares Pics of His LV² Collaboration With Nigo and Clarifies That "Streetwear Is Dead" Comment" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/louis-vuitton-lv2-virgil-abloh-nigo-collaboration) . Vogue Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-reuters-designer-apologises_92-0) "Louis Vuitton designer apologises for comments on U.S. protests" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-minneapolis-police-protests-louisvuit/louis-vuitton-designer-apologises-for-comments-on-us-protests-idUSKBN2391CQ) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . June 2, 2020 . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-guardian-elan_93-0) Elan, Priya (June 1, 2020). "Virgil Abloh criticised for response to looting during George Floyd protests" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/jun/01/virgil-abloh-criticised-for-response-to-looting-during-george-floyd-protests) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Friedman, Vanessa; Paton, Elizabeth (June 1, 2020). "The Virgil Abloh Backlash" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/style/virgil-abloh-george-floyd-protests.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-insider-lustig_95-0) Lustig, Hanna (June 1, 2020). "Louis Vuitton artistic director Virgil Abloh is being criticized for flexing a $50 donation to a bail fund" (https://www.insider.com/virgil-abloh-backlash-protest-floyd-bail-fund-donation-receipt-screenshot-2020-6) . Insider . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-vulture-kiefer_96-0) Kiefer, Halle (June 1, 2020). "Louis Vuitton's Virgil Abloh Apologizes After Receiving Backlash for Protest Comments, $50 Donation" (https://www.vulture.com/2020/06/louis-vuittons-virgil-abloh-sorry-for-blm-protest-comments.html) . Vulture . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-insta-CA6ObECpnvH_97-0) Abloh, Virgil (June 1, 2020). "[Let me start...]" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CA6ObECpnvH/) . Instagram . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-root-stidhum_98-0) Stidhum, Tonja Renée (June 2, 2020). "Virgil Abloh Apologizes for Contributing to Negative Looting Narrative, Assures He Donated More Than $50" (https://theglowup.theroot.com/virgil-abloh-apologizes-for-contributing-to-negative-lo-1843852357) . The Root . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion_Scholarship_Fund_99-0) "VIRGIL ABLOH "POST-MODERN" SCHOLARSHIP FUND" (https://www.fashionscholarshipfund.org/virgil-abloh) . July 11, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-100) "Virgil Abloh's Off-White Announcing 'I Support Young Black Businesses' Program 2020" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220629010204/https://thetrendmemo.com/off-white-support-young-black-businesses/) . August 2, 2020. Archived from the original (https://thetrendmemo.com/off-white-support-young-black-businesses/) on June 29, 2022 . Retrieved May 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-101) Anyanwu, Obi (July 31, 2020). "Virgil Abloh Launches 'I Support Young Black Businesses' Program" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/virgil-abloh-launches-i-support-young-black-businesses-program-1203692075/) . WWD . Retrieved February 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-102) Anthony, Katie (November 28, 2021). "Virgil Abloh's deep roots in Chicago" (https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/11/28/22806703/virgil-ablohs-deep-roots-in-chicago) . Chicago Sun-Times . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-103) Kambhampaty, Anna P. (December 2, 2021). The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |newspaper= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) ^ (#cite_ref-104) "This Just In: Meet the LVMH Prize Finalists" (https://www.vogue.com/article/2015-lvmh-prize-finalists) . March 17, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-105) "Qui sont les lauréats des Fashion Awards 2017 à Londres ?" (https://www.vogue.fr/lifestyle/soirees/diaporama/british-fashion-awards-laureats-adwoa-aboah-christopher-bailey/47582) . Vogue France . Retrieved March 19, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-106) "Virgil Abloh and Asap Rocky at The 2017 GQ Australian Men of the Year Awards" (https://pausemag.co.uk/2017/11/virgil-abloh-at-the-2017-gq-australian-men-of-the-year-awards/) . PAUSE. November 23, 2017 . Retrieved April 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-107) Carballo, Charlie (March 20, 2019). "Virgil Abloh and Tabitha Simmons Are Among the CFDA Awards Nominees" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/fashion/awards/cfda-awards-2019-nominees-virgil-abloh-tabitha-simmons-1202762569/) . Footwear News . Retrieved April 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-gq_108-0) Wolf, Cam (April 19, 2018). "Virgil Abloh Is One of Time's 100 Most Influential People in the World" (https://www.gq.com/story/virgil-abloh-time-100-most-influential) . GQ . Retrieved April 21, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-109) Murakami, Takashi. "Virgil Abloh" (http://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5238167/virgil-abloh/) . Time . Retrieved April 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-110) "Ebony Power 100 2018: The List" (https://www.ebony.com/power100-2018/the-list.php) . Ebony . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-111) Carballo, Charlie (March 19, 2019). "Virgil Abloh and Tabitha Simmons Are Among the CFDA Awards Nominees" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/fashion/awards/cfda-awards-2019-nominees-virgil-abloh-tabitha-simmons-1202762569/) . FootwearNews . Retrieved April 12, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-112) "Real Wedding: Shannon Sundberg & Virgil Abloh" (https://www.insideweddings.com/weddings/purple-hued-timeless-wedding-in-chicago-illinois/45882/) . Inside Weddings.com . Retrieved May 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-wmagazine_113-0) Solway, Diane (April 20, 2017). "Virgil Abloh and His Army of Disruptors: How He Became the King of Social Media Superinfluencers" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/virgil-abloh-off-white-kanye-west-raf-simons) . W Magazine . Retrieved April 24, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-114) Dodds, Io (November 28, 2021). "Virgil Abloh Death: Influential Louis Vuitton Menswear Designer Dies at 41" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/virgil-abloh-dies-age-41-b1965673.html?) . The Independent. ^ (#cite_ref-115) Caitlin Hu and Eric Levenson (November 28, 2021). "Virgil Abloh, artistic director for Louis Vuitton and Off-White founder, dies of cancer at 41" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/virgil-abloh-death/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved July 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-116) Socha, Miles (December 6, 2021). "Louis Vuitton Dedicates Windows Worldwide to the Late Virgil Abloh" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/virgil-abloh-tribute-windows-vuitton-1235010221/) . WWD . ^ (#cite_ref-117) Owoseje, Toyin (November 29, 2021). "Kanye West leads tributes to Virgil Abloh with moving Sunday Service cover of Adele's 'Easy on Me' (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/virgil-abloh-tributes-kanye-west-frank-ocean-hailey-bieber-intl-scli/index.html) " (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/virgil-abloh-tributes-kanye-west-frank-ocean-hailey-bieber-intl-scli/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved August 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-118) "Kanye West, Drake, Tyler, the Creator, and More Attend Virgil Abloh's Funeral in Chicago" (https://www.complex.com/music/kanye-drake-tyler-the-creator-and-more-attend-virgil-ablohs-funeral-in-chicago) . Complex . Retrieved December 7, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-119) "Virgil Abloh Funeral: Kanye West, Drake, and More Attend" (https://www.bet.com/article/ry8y9t/virgil-abloh-funeral-kanye-drake-others-attend-private-memorial-service) . BET . Retrieved October 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-120) Zemler, Emily (April 13, 2022). "Lil Durk, Gunna Pay Tribute to Virgil Abloh in 'What Happened To Virgil' Video" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lil-durk-gunna-what-happened-to-virgil-video-1336891/) . Rolling Stone . Retrieved June 20, 2024 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Virgil Abloh . Caramanica, Jon (August 24, 2019). "Can Virgil Abloh Fit in a Museum?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/22/arts/design/virgil-abloh-mca-chicago.html) . The New York Times. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved September 4, 2019 . Darling, Michael (2019). Virgil Abloh: Figures of Speech Special Edition . DelMonico Books·Prestel. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-7913-5900-7 . Yotka, Steff (August 30, 2019). "Before Vogue's Forces of Fashion Event, Hear Virgil Abloh in his Own Words" (https://www.vogue.com/article/before-vogues-forces-of-fashion-event-hear-virgil-abloh-in-his-own-words) . Vogue . Condé Nast . Retrieved September 8, 2019 . 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This is the latest accepted revision (/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes) , reviewed (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Kate_Upton) on 11 July 2024 . American model and actress (born 1992) Not to be confused with Australian actress Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , whose marital name is Upton . Kate Upton Upton in 2021 Born Katherine Elizabeth Upton ( 1992-06-10 ) June 10, 1992 (age 32) St. Joseph, Michigan (/wiki/St._Joseph,_Michigan) , U.S. Education Holy Trinity Episcopal Academy (/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Episcopal_Academy) Occupations Model actress Years active 2008–present Spouse Justin Verlander (/wiki/Justin_Verlander) ​ ( m. 2017 ) ​ Children 1 Parents Jeff Upton (father) Shelley Davis Upton (mother) Relatives Fred Upton (/wiki/Fred_Upton) (uncle) Modeling information Height 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) Hair color Blonde [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) Eye color Blue/green [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) Agency The Lions (/wiki/The_Lions_(agency)) (New York, Los Angeles) Website kateupton (http://kateupton.com) .com (http://kateupton.com) Signature Katherine Elizabeth Upton [2] (#cite_note-Voguepedia-2) (born June 10, 1992) [3] (#cite_note-3) is an American model and actress. She first appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) in 2011, and was the cover model (/wiki/List_of_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue_cover_models) for the 2012, 2013 and 2017 issues. In addition, she was the subject of the 100th-anniversary Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) cover. Upton has also appeared in the films Tower Heist (/wiki/Tower_Heist) (2011), The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) (2014) and The Layover (/wiki/The_Layover_(film)) (2017). Early life [ edit ] Upton was born in St. Joseph, Michigan (/wiki/St._Joseph,_Michigan) . She is the daughter of Shelley (née Davis), a former Texas (/wiki/Texas) state tennis champion, and Jeff Upton, a high school athletics director (/wiki/Athletics_director) . [4] (#cite_note-leaderpub-4) [5] (#cite_note-HollywoodRep-5) [6] (#cite_note-vogue1-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Her uncle is former U.S. Representative (/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives) Fred Upton (/wiki/Fred_Upton) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Upton's great-grandfather, Frederick Upton (/wiki/Frederick_and_Louis_Upton) , was co-founder of appliance manufacturer and marketer Whirlpool Corporation (/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In 1999, Upton moved with her family to Melbourne, Florida (/wiki/Melbourne,_Florida) , [2] (#cite_note-Voguepedia-2) where she was a student at Holy Trinity Episcopal Academy (/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Episcopal_Academy) . [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) As a young equestrian, she showed at the American Paint Horse Association (/wiki/American_Paint_Horse_Association) (APHA) and competed at a national level. [13] (#cite_note-CNBC-13) With her horse Roanie, [14] (#cite_note-Esquire-WikiWhat-2017-14) she won three APHA Reserve World Championships – 13 and Under Western Riding, 13 and Under Horsemanship, and 14–18 Western Riding. She was named the 13 and Under Reserve All-Around Champion, giving her a total of four reserve championships (2nd place). In addition, Upton ended up third overall on the APHA youth Top Twenty. [15] (#cite_note-eques-15) With a second horse, Colby, [14] (#cite_note-Esquire-WikiWhat-2017-14) she won 14–18 Western Riding and was included in the top 5 in 14–18 Horsemanship and 14–18 Western Pleasure in 2009. [15] (#cite_note-eques-15) Career [ edit ] Upton at G-Star (/wiki/G-Star) 2014 Upton attended a casting call (/wiki/Casting_call) in Miami (/wiki/Miami) for Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) in 2008 and was signed the same day. She eventually moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , where she then signed with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) . [16] (#cite_note-Ask-16) Upton first modeled clothing for Garage (/wiki/Garage_(store)) and Dooney & Bourke (/wiki/Dooney_%26_Bourke) . [16] (#cite_note-Ask-16) She was the 2010–11 face of Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2011, Upton appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) . [18] (#cite_note-18) She was featured in the body paint (/wiki/Body_paint) section and named Rookie of the Year for the issue. [16] (#cite_note-Ask-16) She has since modeled for Beach Bunny Swimwear, [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) [19] (#cite_note-BBS2011-19) and has appeared in Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) and Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) as " The Woman of the Summer". [22] (#cite_note-22) Upton wore one of the Beach Bunny suits in the 2014 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue . [23] (#cite_note-23) In April 2011, an Internet video of her doing the dougie (/wiki/Dougie) hip-hop dance at a Los Angeles Clippers (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers) game went viral and served to increase her popularity. [13] (#cite_note-CNBC-13) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) Guy Trebay of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) observed that this served to illustrate the power of social media to bestow stardom upon a model, which had previously been the domain of top designer runway shows. [26] (#cite_note-NewYorkTimes-26) In April 2012, Upton appeared in a video of herself performing the Cat Daddy dance to the song of the same name (/wiki/Cat_Daddy) by The Rej3ctz (/wiki/The_Rej3ctz) , which also went viral. [27] (#cite_note-27) Upton made an appearance in a June 2011 episode of Tosh.0 (/wiki/Tosh.0) [28] (#cite_note-28) and participated in the 2011 Taco Bell (/wiki/Taco_Bell) All-Star Legends & Celebrity Softball Game at Chase Field (/wiki/Chase_Field) in Phoenix, Arizona (/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona) , in July 2011. [29] (#cite_note-29) Upton's acting debut was in the film, Tower Heist (/wiki/Tower_Heist) , as Mr. Hightower's mistress. It was released in November 2011. [30] (#cite_note-30) She also appeared in The Three Stooges (/wiki/The_Three_Stooges_(2012_film)) as Sister Bernice. [31] (#cite_note-31) Upton appeared on the cover of the 2012 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , released in February 2012. [32] (#cite_note-SISI-32) [33] (#cite_note-SI-June2015-33) Upton has also recounted the negative aftereffects of the 2012 Sports Illustrated cover, as she was subjected to criticism and felt she had been objectified. [34] (#cite_note-ChristianPost-34) Upton has appeared in editorials for American, Italian, British, Spanish, German, and Brazilian Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , Mademoiselle (/wiki/Mademoiselle_(magazine)) , LOVE (/wiki/LOVE_(magazine)) , Italian, German, and American GQ (/wiki/GQ) , Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , and Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . She has appeared on the covers of Italian, American, and British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , French and American Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , American, Italian, and German GQ (/wiki/GQ) , Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) , and Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . She has appeared in advertising campaigns for David Yurman (/wiki/David_Yurman) , Sam Edelman (/wiki/Sam_Edelman) , Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) , Guess? (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) , Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , Express (/wiki/Express,_Inc.) , and Bare Necessities (/wiki/Bare_Necessities_(company)) . She was named the "new face" of Bobbi Brown (/wiki/Bobbi_Brown) cosmetics in 2014. [35] (#cite_note-35) Upton and her dog Harley in 2017 In 2012, she was ranked the fifth-sexiest model by Models.com. [36] (#cite_note-36) She ranked #3 on the American publication of AskMen (/wiki/AskMen) 's Top 99 Women for 2013. [37] (#cite_note-Ask13-37) In 2012, she was listed on Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) ' s Hot 100 list, citing her photo shoots with Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) . [38] (#cite_note-siswim1-38) Upton was the cover model for the 2013 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue for the second consecutive year. [33] (#cite_note-SI-June2015-33) [39] (#cite_note-39) Parts of her 2013 Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) pictorial were filmed in Antarctica (/wiki/Antarctica) and Upton suffered from failing hearing and eyesight due to the extreme cold. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) After getting the November 2012 Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) cover photographed by Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) and the January 2013 Vogue UK (/wiki/Vogue_UK) cover, [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) Upton landed the June 2013 Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) cover by Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) . [44] (#cite_note-44) She was then photographed by Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) for the October 2013 100th anniversary cover of Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . [45] (#cite_note-45) In September 2013, Upton was named Model of the Year at the 10th annual Style Awards at the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in New York. [46] (#cite_note-Saad_2013-46) Upton appeared on the flip-side cover of the 2014 50th-anniversary Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , the first time that type of cover was used by that magazine. [47] (#cite_note-47) Part of her shoot took place at Cape Canaveral (/wiki/Cape_Canaveral) , capturing her in zero gravity (/wiki/Zero_gravity) . [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) In April 2014, she appeared with Cameron Diaz (/wiki/Cameron_Diaz) , Leslie Mann (/wiki/Leslie_Mann) , and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (/wiki/Nikolaj_Coster-Waldau) in the comedy The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) as Amber, one of Coster-Waldau's character's mistresses. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) In 2014, Upton starred with Tony Hale (/wiki/Tony_Hale) in Lady Antebellum (/wiki/Lady_Antebellum) 's music video " Bartender (/wiki/Bartender_(Lady_Antebellum_song)) ". [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) named Upton its "Sexiest Woman" for 2014, the first time the title has been awarded. [54] (#cite_note-54) Also in 2014, Upton was the centerpiece of a $40 million advertising campaign for Machine Zone's mobile app Game of War: Fire Age (/wiki/Game_of_War:_Fire_Age) . [55] (#cite_note-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) In 2017, Upton starred with Alexandra Daddario (/wiki/Alexandra_Daddario) [57] (#cite_note-57) in The Layover (/wiki/The_Layover_(film)) , a road trip (/wiki/Road_trip) sex comedy (/wiki/Sex_comedy) directed by William H. Macy (/wiki/William_H._Macy) . The film follows two best friends (Daddario and Upton) on vacation as they fight over the same man during a layover in St. Louis (/wiki/St._Louis) . Also that year, Upton appeared in James Franco (/wiki/James_Franco) 's film adaptation The Disaster Artist (/wiki/The_Disaster_Artist_(film)) , [58] (#cite_note-58) about the production of the film The Room (/wiki/The_Room) . Upton will host fashion reality television show Dress My Tour which will premiere on Hulu (/wiki/Hulu) in 2024. [59] (#cite_note-59) Personal life [ edit ] Upton and husband Justin Verlander (/wiki/Justin_Verlander) in 2019 Upton is Christian (/wiki/Christians) , and has said that her belief in God is important to her. During a photo shoot, someone joked about a cross necklace (/wiki/Cross_necklace) she wore, saying, "Why are you wearing a cross (/wiki/Cross_(Christianity)) ? Like you would be religious", then took the necklace from her to do the shoot. Upton stated about the incident: "I was really affected by that. The whole thing made me realize that I do want a cross with me, at all times." As a result, Upton had a cross tattooed on the inside of her finger. [34] (#cite_note-ChristianPost-34) [60] (#cite_note-GP-60) In 2014, nude photographs of Upton and several other female celebrities were illegally leaked to the Internet (/wiki/ICloud_leaks_of_celebrity_photos) . [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) Upton started dating then Detroit Tigers (/wiki/Detroit_Tigers) (and now Houston Astros (/wiki/Houston_Astros) ) baseball pitcher Justin Verlander (/wiki/Justin_Verlander) in early 2014, [63] (#cite_note-63) and they were engaged in 2016. [64] (#cite_note-64) On November 4, 2017, the couple married in Tuscany (/wiki/Tuscany) , Italy. [65] (#cite_note-65) They have a daughter who was born in November 2018. [66] (#cite_note-66) Filmography [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2011 Tower Heist (/wiki/Tower_Heist) Mr. Hightower's Mistress Cameo 2012 The Three Stooges (/wiki/The_Three_Stooges_(2012_film)) Sister Bernice 2014 The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) Amber 2017 The Layover (/wiki/The_Layover_(film)) Meg 2017 The Disaster Artist (/wiki/The_Disaster_Artist_(film)) Herself Scenes deleted 2019 Adult Interference Talia Previously known as Wild Man , shot in 2017 2024 Sweet Dreams Kat Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2011 Tosh.0 (/wiki/Tosh.0) Herself Episode: "Bug in Mouth Reporter" 2012 Sports Illustrated: The Making of Swimsuit 2012 [67] (#cite_note-imdb1-67) TV special; dated February 14 2012 Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) Episode: " Maya Rudolph/Sleigh Bells (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_37)#ep717) " 2012 GTTV Presents MLB 2K12: The Perfect Club [67] (#cite_note-imdb1-67) Episode dated May 24 2016 Barely Famous (/wiki/Barely_Famous) Episode: "Love & Upton" 2017 Lip Sync Battle (/wiki/Lip_Sync_Battle) Episode: " Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) vs. Kate Upton" 2017 Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Herself / Guest Judge Episode: "A "Little" Avant Garde" 2018 RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) Episodes: "DragCon Panel Extravaganza", "Snatch Game" [68] (#cite_note-68) 2018 Robot Chicken (/wiki/Robot_Chicken) Unsinkable Molly Brown / Blonde Girl Episode: "Your Mouth Is Hanging off Your Face" Music videos [ edit ] Year Title Role Artist 2014 " Bartender (/wiki/Bartender_(Lady_Antebellum_song)) " Woman Lady Antebellum (/wiki/Lady_Antebellum) Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Awards Category Recipient Result 2012 Teen Choice Awards (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards) Choice Female Hottie Herself Nominated 2013 Style Awards (/wiki/Style_(magazine)) Model of the Year Won 2014 People Magazine Awards (/wiki/People_Magazine_Awards) People's Sexiest Woman Won Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Chemistry (shared with Cameron Diaz (/wiki/Cameron_Diaz) and Leslie Mann (/wiki/Leslie_Mann) ) The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) Nominated Young Hollywood Awards (/wiki/Young_Hollywood_Awards) Coolest Crossover Artist Herself Nominated Hottest Body (of Work) Nominated 2015 MTV Movie & TV Awards (/wiki/MTV_Movie_%26_TV_Awards) Best Shirtless Performance The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) Nominated See also [ edit ] Forbes list of the world's highest-paid models (/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_models) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Kate Upton Profile" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/kate_upton/) . Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160119121342/http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Kate_Upton/) from the original on January 19, 2016 . Retrieved February 26, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Voguepedia: Kate Upton" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140804215811/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Kate_Upton) . Vogue.com (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Kate_Upton) on August 4, 2014 . Retrieved April 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Rahman, Ray (June 7, 2013). "Monitor" (http://ew.com/article/2013/06/07/monitor-465/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved September 26, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-leaderpub_4-0) "Upton new Niles AD" (http://leaderpub.com/2011/07/05/upton-new-niles-ad/) . leaderpub.com. July 5, 2011 . Retrieved January 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-HollywoodRep_5-0) Snead, Elizabeth (October 19, 2012). " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kate-upton-vogue-shes-novembers-new-it-girl-380361) 'Vogue' Declares Kate Upton 'The New Girl' In November Issue" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kate-upton-vogue-shes-novembers-new-it-girl-380361) . HollywoodReporter.com . Retrieved May 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue1_6-0) Sullivan, Robert (October 18, 2012). "The New Girl: Kate Upton" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140822203400/http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/kate-upton-the-new-girl/) . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/kate-upton-the-new-girl/) on August 22, 2014 . Retrieved January 12, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Humphrysfamilytree.com" (http://humphrysfamilytree.com/Royal/Larson/Edw3-KateUpton.pdf) (PDF) . Retrieved September 25, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Sports Illustrated Model is Fred Upton's Niece" (http://www.politico.com/click/stories/1103/swimsuit_model_is_fred_uptons_niece.html) . Politico (/wiki/Politico) .com, March 3, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Warren, Michael (July 30, 2012). "Meet Kate Upton’s Uncle: How a moderate Republican retooled for the Tea Party era" (http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/meet-kate-upton-s-uncle_648832.html) . vol. 17, NO. 43 Weekly Standard (/wiki/Weekly_Standard) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "In which we learn that Kate Upton's great grandfather invented the washing machine, and paid vacations" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120215111642/http://offthebench.nbcsports.com/2012/02/13/wait-kate-uptons-great-grandfather-invented-the-washing-machine/) . NBC Sports (/wiki/NBC_Sports) . February 13, 2012. Archived from the original (http://offthebench.nbcsports.com/2012/02/13/wait-kate-uptons-great-grandfather-invented-the-washing-machine/) on February 15, 2012 . Retrieved September 21, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Melbourne's Kate Upton featured on cover of Sports Illustrated" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120217130539/http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20120214/NEWS01/120213026) . Florida Today . February 13, 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20120214/NEWS01/120213026) on February 17, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Melbourne's Kate Upton on cover of Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131001145340/http://mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/ot/both/2012/02/14/melbourne_s_kate_upton_on_cover_of_sports_illustrated_swimsuit_issue.html) . Central Florida 13 News. February 14, 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/ot/both/2012/02/14/Melbourne_s_Kate_Upton_on_cover_of_Sports_Illustrated_swimsuit_issue.html) on October 1, 2013 . Retrieved May 4, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rovell, Darren (April 12, 2011). "Catching Up With Model Kate Upton" (https://www.cnbc.com/id/42552715) . CNBC (/wiki/CNBC) . Retrieved July 4, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rense, Sarah; Gondelman, Josh; Upton, Kate (September 22, 2017). "Kate Upton Doesn't Like Her Wikipedia Page Photo" (http://www.esquire.com/lifestyle/a12454451/kate-upton-wiki-what-video-wikipedia/) (Includes video) . Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . ^ Jump up to: a b Bevis, Brittany (June 1, 2010). "Alpha youth exhibitor finds success as international fashion model" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110623165225/http://www.equinechronicle.com/lifestyle/apha-youth-exhibitor-finds-success-as-international-fashion-model.html) . Equine Chronicle. Archived from the original (http://www.equinechronicle.com/lifestyle/apha-youth-exhibitor-finds-success-as-international-fashion-model.html) on June 23, 2011 . Retrieved July 4, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Kate Upton" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110518150318/http://ca.askmen.com/celebs/women/model/kate-upton/) . Ca.askmen.com. Archived from the original (http://ca.askmen.com/celebs/women/model/kate-upton/) on May 18, 2011 . Retrieved March 10, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) chandoo (February 25, 2011). "Kate Upton Guess Spring Collection 2011" (http://www.magxone.com/photo-shoots/kate-upton-guess-spring-collection-2011) . MagXone . Retrieved March 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "B&C Morning Show: SI Swimsuit Model Kate Upton With Boomer & Carton" (http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/05/25/bc-morning-show-si-swimsuit-model-kate-upton-with-boomer-carton/) . CBS Radio (/wiki/CBS_Radio) . May 25, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150909222558/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/05/25/bc-morning-show-si-swimsuit-model-kate-upton-with-boomer-carton/) from the original on September 9, 2015 . Retrieved May 3, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBS2011_19-0) "Beach Bunny Swimwear Supermodels Irina Shayk and Kate Upton Land the Cover of the 2011 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue" (http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/02/prweb5074334.htm) (Press release). Los Angeles, CA: PRWeb. February 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Kate Upton is milking cows for Complex" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110925025557/http://www.fhm.com/girls/news/kate-upton-is-milking-cows-for-complex-82079) . FHM . Archived from the original (http://www.fhm.com/girls/news/kate-upton-is-milking-cows-for-complex-82079) on September 25, 2011 . Retrieved August 5, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Kate Upton: The "Hot Complex" Gallery, Interview & Video" (http://www.complex.com/girls/2011/08/kate-upton-hot-complex-gallery-interview-video) . Complex . Retrieved August 5, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Sullivan, Matt (June 17, 2011). "Kate Upton Is The Woman of Summer 2011" (http://www.esquire.com/features/qa/kate-upton-5931248) . Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . Retrieved July 4, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "This tribute video to Kate Upton in bikinis is truly glorious" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140816150704/http://guyism.com/celebrities/tribute-video-kate-upton-bikinis-truly-glorious.html) . Guyism. February 26, 2014. Archived from the original (http://guyism.com/celebrities/tribute-video-kate-upton-bikinis-truly-glorious.html) on August 16, 2014 . Retrieved March 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Kate Upton Does The Dougie At A Clippers Game" (http://www.totalprosports.com/2011/04/04/kate-upton-does-the-dougie-at-a-clippers-game-video/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093502/http://www.totalprosports.com/2011/04/04/kate-upton-does-the-dougie-at-a-clippers-game-video/) March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Total Pro Sports. Retrieved June 16, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Kate Upton, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Model, Does 'The Dougie'" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/05/kate-upton-dougie-dance-sports-illustrated_n_845037.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . April 5, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_26-0) Trebay, Guy (February 13, 2012). "Model Struts Path to Stardom Not on Runway, but on YouTube" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/us/kate-upton-uses-the-web-to-become-a-star-model.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Matt Donnelly (May 3, 2012). "Kate Upton: 3 days in the life of the 'cat daddy' video scandal" (http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-kate-upton-cat-daddy-video-ban,0,5113266.story) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Tosh, Daniel. "Knife or Banana" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110611072802/http://tosh.comedycentral.com/video-clips/knife-or-banana-) . Tosh.0 . Archived from the original (http://tosh.comedycentral.com/video-clips/knife-or-banana-) on June 11, 2011 . Retrieved June 13, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Celebrities Take To The Field For All-Star Softball Game" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/11/celebrities-take-to-the-f_n_894825.html#s306718&title=Kate_Upton) , The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) , July 11, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Clip from Tower Heist" (http://www.viewclips.net/tower-heist-2011/) . Viewclips.net . Retrieved March 10, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Kate Upton as a Nun" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120426035611/http://withleather.uproxx.com/2011/12/the-three-stooges-looks-terrible-but-holy-sht-kate-upton-as-a-nun) . December 7, 2011. Archived from the original (http://withleather.uproxx.com/2011/12/the-three-stooges-looks-terrible-but-holy-sht-kate-upton-as-a-nun) on April 26, 2012 . Retrieved December 8, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-SISI_32-0) Finn, Natalie. "Top-Secret Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue Cover Leaks Early—Smile, Kate Upton!" (http://www.eonline.com/news/top-secret_sports_illustrated_swimsuit/294022) . E! . Retrieved February 13, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hendrix, Kelsey (June 10, 2015). "Celebrate Kate Upton's birthday with 23 of her hottest SI Swimsuit shots!" (https://www.si.com/swim-daily/2015/06/09/kate-upton-birthday-si-swimsuit) . Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160123062007/http://www.si.com/swim-daily/2015/06/09/kate-upton-birthday-si-swimsuit) from the original on January 23, 2016 . Retrieved May 3, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Koonse, Emma (August 8, 2013). "Kate Upton Boyfriend Rumors Slammed, Model Talks Religion: 'I Want A Cross With Me'" (http://www.christianpost.com/news/kate-upton-boyfriend-rumors-slammed-model-talks-religion-i-want-a-cross-with-me-101848/) . The Christian Post (/wiki/The_Christian_Post) . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Achara, Esther Adams (March 21, 2014). "Kate Upton Is The New Face of Bobbi Brown Cosmetics" (https://www.vogue.com/article/kate-upton-new-face-of-bobbi-brown-cosmetics) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved September 26, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Top Sexiest Models" (http://models.com/rankings/ui/TopSexiest) . Models.com . Retrieved February 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ask13_37-0) "#3 Kate Upton" (http://www.askmen.com/specials/2013_top_99/3-kate-upton.html) . AskMen (/wiki/AskMen) . Retrieved December 13, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-siswim1_38-0) "2012 Hot 100: Kate Upton" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130128113100/http://www.maxim.com/slideshow/hot-100/43451?slide=61) . Maxim . April 27, 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.maxim.com/slideshow/hot-100/43451?slide=61#) on January 28, 2013 . Retrieved January 27, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Finn, Natalie (February 9, 2013). "Kate Upton Revealed as 2013 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue Cover Girl" (http://www.eonline.com/news/386705/kate-upton-revealed-as-2013-sports-illustrated-swimsuit-issue-cover-girl) . E! (/wiki/E!) . Retrieved February 9, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Sauers, Jenna (February 22, 2013). "Kate Upton Continues to Discuss How Antarctica Practically Killed Her" (http://jezebel.com/5986249/kate-upton-continues-to-discuss-how-antarctica-practically-killed-her) . Jezebel (/wiki/Jezebel_(website)) . Retrieved March 10, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Chan, Amanda L. (February 13, 2013). "Frostbite Plagued Kate Upton After Sports Illustrated Photoshoot -- Why Is It Dangerous?" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/13/frostbite-hypothermia-kate-upton-sports-illustrated_n_2680670.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved March 10, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Krupnick, Ellie (October 29, 2012). "Kate Upton Vogue Italia Cover Is Model's First (PHOTO)" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/29/kate-upton-vogue-italia-cover_n_2038608.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved October 1, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Krupnick, Ellie (December 6, 2012). "Kate Upton Scores Vogue UK Cover For January 2013 (PHOTO)" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/06/kate-upton-vogue-uk-cover-photos_n_2249564.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved October 1, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Adams, Rebecca (May 10, 2013). "Kate Upton Vogue Cover Labels Blonde 'Hottest Supermodel On Earth' (PHOTO)" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/10/kate-upton-vogue-cover-photo_n_3251565.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved October 1, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Introducing Vanity Fair's 100th Anniversary Issue, Featuring Cover Model Kate Upton" (http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2013/09/100th-anniversary-issue-kate-upton) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . September 3, 2013 . Retrieved October 1, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Saad_2013_46-0) Saad, Nardine (September 3, 2013). "Kate Upton named model of the year, covers Vanity Fair" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-kate-upton-model-of-the-year-vanity-fair-20130903-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved January 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Saad, Nardine (February 18, 2014). "Surprise! Kate Upton lands Sports Illustrated Swimsuit flip cover" (http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-kate-upton-sports-illustrated-swimsuit-back-cover-20140218,0,2005206.story) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved February 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Kate Upton Goes Zero-G for Sports Illustrated's 2014 Swimsuit Issue" (https://www.space.com/24726-kate-upton-zero-g-sports-illustrated.html) . Space.com (/wiki/Space.com) . February 18, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-49) Sanchez, Josh (February 18, 2014). "Kate Upton does shoot in zero gravity chamber for 2014 SI Swimsuit Issue (Video)" (http://fansided.com/2014/02/18/kate-upton-shoot-zero-gravity-chamber-2014-si-swimsuit-issue-video) . Upsided . Retrieved February 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Nardine Saad (April 24, 2014). "Huh? 'The Other Woman' bikini scene made Kate Upton uncomfortable" (http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-kate-upton-bikini-scene-the-other-woman-gma-leslie-mann-cameron-diaz-20140424-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved May 23, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) Amanda Dobbins (April 25, 2014). "Read Every Line Kate Upton Says in The Other Woman" (http://www.vulture.com/2014/04/every-line-kate-upton-says-in-the-other-woman.html) . Vulture . Retrieved May 23, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Betts, Stephen L. (June 19, 2014). "Kate Upton, Tony Hale Toast Lady Antebellum in 'Bartender' Video" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/videos/kate-upton-tony-hale-toast-lady-antebellum-in-bartender-video-20140619) . Rolling Stone . Retrieved November 13, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) Lee, Ashley (June 19, 2014). "Kate Upton, Tony Hale Duel Over Drinks in Lady Antebellum's 'Bartender' Video: Watch" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-615/6128538/kate-upton-tony-hale-duel-over-drinks-in-lady-antebellums-bartender) . Billboard . Retrieved November 13, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) Schwartz, Alison. "2014 People Magazine Awards" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141219150348/http://www.peoplestylewatch.com/people/stylewatch/package/gallery/0,,20880962_20884535,00.html#30271593) . People . Archived from the original (http://www.peoplestylewatch.com/people/stylewatch/package/gallery/0,,20880962_20884535,00.html#30271593) on December 19, 2014 . Retrieved December 20, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Monllos, Kristina (November 13, 2014). "Game of War: Fire Age Launches First Global Campaign, Starring Kate Upton" (http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/game-war-fire-age-launches-first-global-campaign-starring-kate-upton-161397) . Adweek . Retrieved December 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Tassi, Paul (November 16, 2014). "A $40M Ad Budget Buys 'Game of War: Fire Age' Kate Upton" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/insertcoin/2014/11/16/a-40m-ad-budget-buys-game-of-war-fire-age-kate-upton/) . Fortune . Retrieved December 29, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Dave McNary (May 8, 2015). "Alexandra Daddario Joins Kate Upton in Comedy 'The Layover' (https://variety.com/2015/film/news/alexandra-daddario-the-layover-cast-kate-upton-1201490433/) " (https://variety.com/2015/film/news/alexandra-daddario-the-layover-cast-kate-upton-1201490433/) . Variety . Retrieved June 6, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) Ford, Rebecca (December 7, 2015). "Kate Upton Joins James Franco's 'The Disaster Artist' (Exclusive)" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kate-upton-joins-james-francos-846387) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved December 8, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-59) Schneider, Michael (April 4, 2024). "Hulu Orders Kate Upton-Hosted Fashion Design Competition 'Dress My Tour' (https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/kate-upton-hulu-dress-my-tour-1235959965/) " (https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/kate-upton-hulu-dress-my-tour-1235959965/) . Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) . Retrieved May 15, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-GP_60-0) "Kate Upton: 'I'm not a toy ... not here to be used" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130815182018/http://wonderwall.msn.com/movies/jennifer-garner-on-ben-affleck-people-are-sick-of-us-26026.gallery#!wallState=0__%2Ftv%2Fkate-upton-im-not-a-toy-not-here-to-be-used-25972.gallery%3FphotoId%3D118128) . MSN. 2013. Archived from the original (https://wonderwall.msn.com/movies/jennifer-garner-on-ben-affleck-people-are-sick-of-us-26026.gallery#!wallState=0__%2Ftv%2Fkate-upton-im-not-a-toy-not-here-to-be-used-25972.gallery%3FphotoId%3D118128) on August 15, 2013 . Retrieved August 13, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) Yahr, Emily (August 31, 2014). "Racy Jennifer Lawrence photos surface, sparking Internet frenzy amid reports of massive celebrity-photo leak" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/08/31/racy-jennifer-lawrence-photos-surface-sparking-internet-frenzy-amid-reports-of-massive-celebrity-photo-leak/) . Washington Post . Retrieved September 26, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Hacker of Jennifer Lawrence, Kate Upton nude pics pleads guilty" (https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/hacker-who-stole-nude-photos-jennifer-lawrence-kate-upton-pleads-n655906) . NBC News . Reuters. September 28, 2016 . Retrieved September 26, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-63) Apatoff, Alex (November 2, 2017). "Kate Upton and Justin Verlander Are Getting Married This Weekend" (http://people.com/style/kate-upton-marries-justin-verlander-this-weekend/) . People . ^ (#cite_ref-64) Bieler, Des (November 3, 2017). "Justin Verlander and Kate Upton reportedly getting married right after World Series" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/11/03/justin-verlander-and-kate-upton-reportedly-getting-married-right-after-world-series/) . Washington PPST . Retrieved November 3, 2017 – via www.washingtonpost.com. ^ (#cite_ref-65) Marcus, Emily (November 4, 2017). "Kate Upton and Justin Verlander Marry in Italy: Details! " (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/kate-upton-marries-fiance-justin-verlander/) . US Weekly (/wiki/US_Weekly) . ^ (#cite_ref-66) Maslow, Nick (November 10, 2018). "Kate Upton Gives Birth to First Child, Daughter Genevieve — See Her First Photos!" (https://people.com/parents/kate-upton-gives-birth-daughter-genevieve-photos/) . People.com . Retrieved March 4, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Kate Upton" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4478322/) . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved January 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "Shania Twain, "Broad City" Stars And More Join The Judges' Panel On "Drag Race" Season 10" (http://www.newnownext.com/rupauls-drag-race-season-10-judges-trailer/03/2018/) . External links [ edit ] Kate Upton at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kate_Upton) from Commons Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kate_Upton) from Wikiquote Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231536) from Wikidata External media Images Upton's (https://web.archive.org/web/20150415173320/http://i.cdn.turner.com/sivault/si_online/covers/images/2012/0219_large.jpg) Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover from February 19, 2012 (https://web.archive.org/web/20150415173320/http://i.cdn.turner.com/sivault/si_online/covers/images/2012/0219_large.jpg) (2015 archive) Upton's (https://web.archive.org/web/20161120212729/http://cdn-s3.si.com/s3fs-public/2013/02/kate-upton-cover.jpg) Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover from February 15, 2013 (https://web.archive.org/web/20161120212729/http://cdn-s3.si.com/s3fs-public/2013/02/kate-upton-cover.jpg) (2016 archive) Video Kate Upton's video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCUnWIs88CQ) of " Cat Daddy (/wiki/Cat_Daddy) " posted on May 1, 2012 Kate Upton (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4478322/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Kate Upton (https://www.instagram.com/kateupton/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Kate Upton (https://www.si.com/swimsuit/model/kate-upton/) at Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) v t e Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) cover models (/wiki/List_of_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue_cover_models) 1960s Babette March (/wiki/Babette_March) Sue Peterson (/w/index.php?title=Sue_Peterson_(model)&action=edit&redlink=1) Sunny Bippus (/wiki/Sunny_Bippus) Marilyn Tindall (/wiki/Marilyn_Tindall) Turia Mau (/wiki/Turia_Mau) Jamee Becker (/wiki/Jamee_Becker) 1970s Cheryl Tiegs (/wiki/Cheryl_Tiegs) Tannia Rubiano (/wiki/Tannia_Rubiano) Shelia Roscoe (/w/index.php?title=Shelia_Roscoe&action=edit&redlink=1) Dayle Haddon (/wiki/Dayle_Haddon) Ann Simonton 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(/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Danielle Herrington (/wiki/Danielle_Herrington) Robin Holzken (/w/index.php?title=Robin_Holzken&action=edit&redlink=1) Samantha Hoopes (/wiki/Samantha_Hoopes) Haley Kalil (/wiki/Haley_Kalil) Camille Kostek (/wiki/Camille_Kostek) Tara Lynn (/wiki/Tara_Lynn) Hunter McGrady (/wiki/Hunter_McGrady) Kelsey Merritt (/wiki/Kelsey_Merritt) Raine Michaels (/w/index.php?title=Raine_Michaels&action=edit&redlink=1) Alex Morgan (/wiki/Alex_Morgan) Brooks Nader (/wiki/Brooks_Nader) Barbara Palvin (/wiki/Barbara_Palvin) Veronica Pome'e (/w/index.php?title=Veronica_Pome%27e&action=edit&redlink=1) Paulina Porizkova (/wiki/Paulina_Porizkova) Megan Rapinoe (/wiki/Megan_Rapinoe) Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) Jasmine Sanders (/wiki/Jasmine_Sanders) Paige VanZant (/wiki/Paige_VanZant) Lindsey Vonn (/wiki/Lindsey_Vonn) Erin Willerton (/w/index.php?title=Erin_Willerton&action=edit&redlink=1) bold indicates cover model; * appeared in bodypainting (/wiki/Bodypainting) by Joanne Gair 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American fashion model (1926–2002) Jean Patchett Born Jean Ward Patchett ( 1926-02-16 ) February 16, 1926 Preston, Maryland (/wiki/Preston,_Maryland) , U.S. Died January 22, 2002 (2002-01-22) (aged 75) La Quinta, California (/wiki/La_Quinta,_California) , U.S. Years active 1948–1963 Spouse Louis Auer ​ ( m. 1951) ​ Children 2 Modeling information Hair color Blonde Eye color Dark green/brown Agency Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) Website https://jeanpatchett.com (https://jeanpatchett.com) Jean Ward Patchett Auer [1] (#cite_note-1) (February 16, 1926 [2] (#cite_note-Britannica-2) – January 22, 2002) was a leading American fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) of the late 1940s, 1950s, and early 1960s. She was among the best known models of that era, which included Dovima (/wiki/Dovima) , Dorian Leigh (/wiki/Dorian_Leigh) , Suzy Parker (/wiki/Suzy_Parker) , Evelyn Tripp (/wiki/Evelyn_Tripp) and Lisa Fonssagrives (/wiki/Lisa_Fonssagrives) . [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) Patchett was the subject of two of Vogue Magazine (/wiki/Vogue_Magazine) 's most famous covers, both shot in 1950 by Erwin Blumenfeld (/wiki/Erwin_Blumenfeld) and Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) . [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) She was famous for being one of the first high-fashion models to appear remote; previously, models had appeared warm and friendly. [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) Irving Penn described her as "a young American goddess in Paris couture". [5] (#cite_note-goddesscouture-5) During her career, she appeared on over 40 magazine covers. [2] (#cite_note-Britannica-2) Patchett modeled for brands including Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) , Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) and Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) . [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) Early life [ edit ] Jean Ward Patchett was born on February 16, 1926, in Preston, Maryland (/wiki/Preston,_Maryland) , to James Franklin Patchett (1891–1962), a World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) veteran and plumber, and Mary Ward Patchett (1891–1970), who were both originally from Delaware (/wiki/Delaware) . [6] (#cite_note-obit-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) She was the youngest of four children; she had two sisters, Dorothy Lee (1917–2006) and Elizabeth "Betty" (1922–1999), and a brother, James Franklin Patchett Jr. (1919–2002). [8] (#cite_note-8) She was of Scottish, Irish, English, and French ancestry. [9] (#cite_note-website-9) Patchett graduated from Preston High School (/wiki/Preston_High_School_(Maryland)) in 1941. [6] (#cite_note-obit-6) She attended secretarial school, studied voice at Peabody Institute, and attended Goucher College (/wiki/Goucher_College) before deciding to become a model. [9] (#cite_note-website-9) [6] (#cite_note-obit-6) Career [ edit ] She came to New York in 1948, [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) and signed with the Ford Model Agency (/wiki/Eileen_Ford) on May 10, 1948. [5] (#cite_note-goddesscouture-5) Her career took off almost immediately. [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) She debuted with Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in September 1948 at the age of 22. [10] (#cite_note-Voguepedia-10) In October 1949, Patchett was photographed by Penn along with Bridget Bate Tichenor (/wiki/Bridget_Bate_Tichenor) for the famous photograph The Tarot Reader . [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) A print of this photograph is in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum (/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum) . [11] (#cite_note-Irving_Penn-11) Patchett was the subject of two of Vogue Magazine (/wiki/Vogue_Magazine) 's most famous covers, January 1950 by Erwin Blumenfeld (/wiki/Erwin_Blumenfeld) and April 1950 by Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) . [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) Cathy Horyn (/wiki/Cathy_Horyn) wrote that the January 1950 cover "became shorthand for an entire decade". [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) During her career, she appeared on over 40 magazine covers. [2] (#cite_note-Britannica-2) Patchett's face was used in the 1957 Fred Astaire (/wiki/Fred_Astaire) - Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) - Kay Thompson (/wiki/Kay_Thompson) film, Funny Face (/wiki/Funny_Face) , which spoofed the fashion industry. [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) Personal life [ edit ] Shortly after signing to Harry Conover's agency (/wiki/Harry_Conover) , Patchett began living in a Methodist rooming home for women. [12] (#cite_note-12) Patchett married Louis Auer, a Yale-educated banker in 1951. [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-4) [13] (#cite_note-13) After 1962, they adopted two children named Bart [14] (#cite_note-14) and Amy. [5] (#cite_note-goddesscouture-5) [6] (#cite_note-obit-6) Death [ edit ] Jean Patchett Auer died on January 22, 2002, in La Quinta, California (/wiki/La_Quinta,_California) , from emphysema. [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "LIFE" (https://books.google.com/books?id=hUoEAAAAMBAJ&q=jean+ward+patchett&pg=PA19) . 1949-01-17. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Jean Patchett profile at" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/864028/Jean-Patchett) . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved February 7, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Horyn, Cathy (February 4, 2002). "Jean Patchett, 75, a Model Who Helped Define the 50s" (https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/04/nyregion/jean-patchett-75-a-model-who-helped-define-the-50-s.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved February 7, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Jean Patchett" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140331224817/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Jean_Patchett) . Vogue . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Jean_Patchett) on March 31, 2014 . Retrieved February 7, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Jean was "a young American Goddess of Paris Couture" (http://jeanpatchett.com) " (http://jeanpatchett.com) . Retrieved July 10, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Jean P. Auer" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85239834/jean-p-auer-25-jan-2002-the-star-demo/) . The Star-Democrat . Easton, Maryland. 2002-01-25. p. 13 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Join Ancestry®" (https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/37545736:60901) . Ancestry.com (/wiki/Ancestry.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4606968_00984?usePUB=true&usePUBJs=true&pId=113983579 (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4606968_00984?usePUB=true&usePUBJs=true&pId=113983579) [ user-generated source ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Home" (https://jeanpatchett.com/) . jeanpatchett.com . ^ (#cite_ref-Voguepedia_10-0) "Jean Patchett profile at oguepedia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140331224817/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Jean_Patchett) . Vogue.com. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Jean_Patchett) on March 31, 2014 . Retrieved July 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Irving_Penn_11-0) The Tarot Reader (Jean Patchett and Bridget Tichenor) - New York 1949 by Irving Penn SAAM (http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=19489) ^ (#cite_ref-12) Cathy Horyn (/wiki/Cathy_Horyn) (4 February 2002). "Jean Patchett, 75, a Model Who Helped Define the 50's" (https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/04/nyregion/jean-patchett-75-a-model-who-helped-define-the-50-s.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . p. B 7 . Retrieved 4 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Voguepedia: Jean Patchett profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140331224817/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Jean_Patchett) . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Jean_Patchett) on 2014-03-31 . Retrieved 2014-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Louis Auer V Obituary (2005) Los Angeles Times" (https://m.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=louis-auer&pid=14670942&referrer=0&preview=false) . Legacy.com (/wiki/Legacy.com) . 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Gertrud Hochsmann (September 30, 1902 – January 16, 1990) was a Viennese fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-1) She graduated from the Wiener Kunstgewerbeschule where she studied under Josef Hoffman (/wiki/Josef_Hoffman) and Oswald Haerdtl. [2] (#cite_note-2) From 1927-1967, she ran a fashion salon on Mariahilfer Strausse [3] (#cite_note-3) where movie stars like Najda Tiller and Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) would shop. She became the head of the fashion class of the Vienna Academy of Applied Arts in 1959 and worked there until retiring in 1972. She was considered the avant-garde (/wiki/Avant-garde) of Viennese haute couture. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1947, she received the prize of the city of Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) for the fine arts in the Applied Arts category. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2002, on the occasion of her 100th birthday, the Museum der Stadt Wien and the Angewandte im Heiligenkreuzerhof dedicated a memorial exhibit. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Gertrud Höchsmann – Wien Geschichte Wiki" (https://www.wien.gv.at/wiki/index.php?title=Gertrud_H%C3%B6chsmann) . www.wien.gv.at (in German (formal address)) . Retrieved 2018-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Object Highlight: Silk dress by Gertrud Höchsmann" (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/blogs/gertrud-hochsmann-vienna-wiener-couture-dress-museum-collection-wien) . Europeana Collections . Retrieved 2018-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Wiener Couture - Gertrud Höchsmann (1902 - 1990): Dialektik des Knopflochs" (http://artmagazine.cc/content5365.html) . artmagazine.cc . Retrieved 2018-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Object Highlight: Silk dress by Gertrud Höchsmann" (https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/blogs/gertrud-hochsmann-vienna-wiener-couture-dress-museum-collection-wien) . Europeana Collections . Retrieved 2018-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Gertrud Höchsmann – Wien Geschichte Wiki" (https://www.wien.gv.at/wiki/index.php?title=Gertrud_H%C3%B6chsmann) . www.wien.gv.at (in German (formal address)) . Retrieved 2018-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) brigitte.winkler. "Weltmeisterin im Weglassen" (https://kurier.at/freizeit/gertrud-hoechsmann-weltmeisterin-im-weglassen/27.428.044) . Retrieved 2018-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Wiener Couture - Gertrud Höchsmann (1902 - 1990): Dialektik des Knopflochs" (http://artmagazine.cc/content5365.html) . artmagazine.cc . Retrieved 2018-07-29 . 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International dance music and remixing ensemble DRIZABONE is an international dance music (/wiki/Dance_music) / remixing (/wiki/Remix) musical group, led by record producer, musician and songwriter Vincent Garcia. Garcia used various female vocalists to provide the vocal element to his output. Driza Bone (sometimes billed as Drizabone ) was primarily popular in the early 1990s. Garcia named his production company after the Driza-Bone (/wiki/Driza-Bone) brand of waterproof riding coats. [1] (#cite_note-NME-1) Career [ edit ] The most successful remix single was of American R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) singer Shanice (/wiki/Shanice) 's 1991 single, " I Love Your Smile (/wiki/I_Love_Your_Smile) ". The remixed version reached No. 2 on both the U.S. (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) and the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) . [2] (#cite_note-AllMusic-2) Production / remixes by Driza Bone include songs by Lisa Stansfield, Jody Watley, Mary J. Blige, Shanice, Duran Duran, Tom Browne, Barry White, Diana Ross, Kylie Minogue, LuLu, Dasha Logan (/wiki/Dasha_Logan) , Lindy Layton. Driza Bone's most popular track, as an artist, was the song "Real Love", which reached No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart in June 1991. [3] (#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-3) When this record came out, Drizabone included April, Garcia, and singer Sophie Jones. [1] (#cite_note-NME-1) Jones was soon replaced by Dee Heron, who appeared on the single "Catch the Fire" (UK #54). [3] (#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-3) Heron was replaced by Kymberley Peer for "Pressure" (UK #33), "Brightest Star" (UK #45), and a re-release of "Real Love" in 1995 (UK No. 24, their biggest hit since the original version of the track). [3] (#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-3) Driza Bone also had a charting (/wiki/Record_chart) album in 1994, titled Conspiracy , which debuted and peaked at No. 72 on the UK Albums Chart (/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart) in November of that year. [3] (#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-3) All of their chart successes were released on the Fourth & Broadway (/wiki/4th_%26_B%27way_Records) record label (/wiki/Record_label) . [3] (#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-3) Discography [ edit ] Albums [ edit ] Conspiracy (1994) [4] (#cite_note-4) – UK No.72 [3] (#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-3) Singles [ edit ] Year Title Peak chart positions UK (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) [5] (#cite_note-UK-5) UK R&B (/wiki/UK_R%26B_Singles_and_Albums_Charts) [5] (#cite_note-UK-5) UK Dance (/wiki/UK_Dance_Singles_and_Albums_Charts) [5] (#cite_note-UK-5) 1991 "Real Love" 16 ― ― "Catch the Fire" 54 ― ― 1994 "Pressure" 33 ― ― "Brightest Star" 45 7 9 1995 "Real Love" (re-release) 24 3 7 "—" denotes releases that did not chart. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090310130326/http://www.nme.com/artists/driza-bone) . NME (/wiki/NME) . Archived from the original (https://www.nme.com/artists/driza-bone) on 10 March 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-AllMusic_2-0) O'Brien, Jon. "Drizabone Biography" (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/drizabone-mn0002288109#biography) . AllMusic . Retrieved 24 March 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 169. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-904994-10-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Drizabone – (https://www.allmusic.com/album/conspiracy-mw0000455063) Conspiracy (1994): Album overview" (https://www.allmusic.com/album/conspiracy-mw0000455063) . AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "DRIZA-BONE songs and albums - full Official Chart history" (https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/27050/drizabone/) . Official Charts Company (/wiki/Official_Charts_Company) . Retrieved 24 March 2024 . External links [ edit ] Driza Bone (https://www.discogs.com/artist/32336) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/127739069) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/551eb1e7-d028-474a-90ca-d8e0588d6e21) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐vzdcg Cached time: 20240623095000 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.391 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 640/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13083/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 780/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24543/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.182/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4135513/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 367.829 1 -total 33.56% 123.443 1 Template:Reflist 23.19% 85.303 1 Template:Short_description 22.41% 82.414 1 Template:Cite_magazine 22.25% 81.856 1 Template:Authority_control 13.36% 49.148 1 Template:Discogs_artist 12.43% 45.730 2 Template:Pagetype 10.96% 40.316 2 Template:Wikidata 7.06% 25.963 4 Template:Main_other 6.34% 23.313 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:19868649-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623095000 and revision id 1215322642. 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French-Israeli hairdresser and entrepreneur For the French politician, see Michel Mercier (/wiki/Michel_Mercier) . The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Michel Mercier" hairdresser (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Michel+Mercier%22+hairdresser) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Michel+Mercier%22+hairdresser+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Michel+Mercier%22+hairdresser&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Michel+Mercier%22+hairdresser+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Michel+Mercier%22+hairdresser) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Michel+Mercier%22+hairdresser&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Michel Mercier Born ( 1961-07-28 ) July 28, 1961 (age 62) Châteaudun (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaudun) , France Occupation Hairdresser Website http://www.michelmercier.com/ (http://www.michelmercier.com/) Michel Mercier ( Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : מישל מרסייה ; born July 28, 1961) is a French- Israeli (/wiki/Israelis) hairdresser, entrepreneur and businessman. [1] (#cite_note-1) Background [ edit ] Mercier was born in Châteaudun (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaudun) , France. He grew up in Bordeaux (/wiki/Bordeaux) and Provence (/wiki/Provence) and immigrated to Israel in 1985. In high school he studied graphics and drafting. In 1981 he returned to France from Israel to study hairdressing (/wiki/Hairdressing) at the Vidal Sassoon (/wiki/Vidal_Sassoon) academy in Paris and later began working at French hair salon Claude Maxime. His son is actor Tom Mercier. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] At age 23, Mercier opened his first hair salon on Dizengoff Street (/wiki/Dizengoff_Street) in Tel Aviv (/wiki/Tel_Aviv) . Over the years, Mercier founded four more branches. Two of the branches are still operating. In 1998, he founded a hairstyling school in Tel Aviv. Mercier worked alongside Wella as a presenter at a variety of seminars around the globe. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2002, Mercier founded the ColoRight system. The idea behind the system was to enable stylists and hair color consumers to achieve precise color outcomes, while virtually eliminating mishaps and hair damage. In December 2014, Israeli entrepreneur Benny Landa (/wiki/Benny_Landa) bought the company and sold it to L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) . In 2006, Mercier began to market a line of hair products he developed in collaboration with laboratories and engineering teams. He required that none of the products be tested on animals (/wiki/Animal_testing) . Mercier is the developer of several patented products, including a hair detangling brush and S.O.S Color, which is a hair-coloring device for coloring roots. Over the years, Mercier worked with Hollywood celebrities including Brigitte Bardot (/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot) and Isabel Adjani (/wiki/Isabel_Adjani) and presented at hair shows and seminars. Today he works with L’Oréal (/wiki/L%E2%80%99Or%C3%A9al) , Wella (/wiki/Wella) and Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) as a global product developer. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "בני לנדא מוכר את Coloright ללוריאל בכ- 150–200 מיליון דולר" (https://www.calcalist.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3647887,00.html) . כלכליסט – www.calcalist.co.il . December 21, 2014 . Retrieved October 7, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Stern, Itay (March 14, 2019). " (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-synonym-for-instant-movie-star-israeli-tom-mercier-1.7020353) 'Ignorant, nasty and mean-spirited country': The rising Israeli star who dared to play in a movie critical of Israel" (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-synonym-for-instant-movie-star-israeli-tom-mercier-1.7020353) . Haaretz . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Michel Mercier Official (October 7, 2014), מישל מרסייה והתאחדות מעצבי השיער באורלי וגיא 19 12 12 , retrieved October 7, 2017 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.michelmercier.com/) This Israeli biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Androgyny (/wiki/Androgyny) in fiction. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b48fcb9d6‐whxrm Cached time: 20240702214708 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51533524-0!canonical and timestamp 20240702214708 and revision id 1214286919. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. A Fictional androgynes (/wiki/Category:Fictional_androgynes) ‎ (34 P) Pages in category "Fiction about androgyny" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Beatrice the Sixteenth (/wiki/Beatrice_the_Sixteenth) C Cogenitor (/wiki/Cogenitor) Coming of Age in Karhide (/wiki/Coming_of_Age_in_Karhide) G Gender Bender (The X-Files) (/wiki/Gender_Bender_(The_X-Files)) I It's Pat (/wiki/It%27s_Pat) J John Dough and the Cherub (/wiki/John_Dough_and_the_Cherub) K Krazy Kat (/wiki/Krazy_Kat) L The Left Hand of Darkness (/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_Darkness) M My Androgynous Boyfriend (/wiki/My_Androgynous_Boyfriend) Q The Queen's Tiara (/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Tiara) R Requiem of the Rose King (/wiki/Requiem_of_the_Rose_King) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fiction_about_androgyny&oldid=1214286919 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fiction_about_androgyny&oldid=1214286919) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Androgyny (/wiki/Category:Androgyny) Fiction about sexuality (/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_sexuality)
Full, knee-length trousers worn by men in the 17th–18th centuries Petticoat breeches were voluminously wide, pleated pants, reminiscent of a skirt, worn by men in Western Europe during the 1650s and early 1660s. [1] (#cite_note-Planche_2013-1) The very full loose breeches (/wiki/Breeches) were usually decorated with loops of ribbons (/wiki/Ribbon) on the waist and around the knee. They were so loose and wide that they became known as petticoat breeches. They give very much the impression of very baggy loose shorts (/wiki/Shorts) since they are not gathered at the knee. They replaced Spanish breeches (/wiki/Spanish_breeches) during the 1650s as the most popular leg wear of most of Western Europe. By the early 1660s, if they were gathered at the bottom they were called rhinegraves (/wiki/Rhinegraves) . Gerard Jansz Meerman wearing petticoat breeches, 1668 Portrait of a Boy , by Jan van Noordt (/wiki/Jan_van_Noordt) , 1665 [2] (#cite_note-YOF-2) Portrait of Count Girolamo Secco Suardo , by Fra' Galgario (/wiki/Fra%27_Galgario) , 1721 [2] (#cite_note-YOF-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Planche_2013_1-0) Planche, J.R. (2013). An Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Costume . Dover Fashion and Costumes. Dover Publications. p. 57. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-14533-4 . Retrieved 27 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b 20,000 Years of Fashion (/wiki/20,000_Years_of_Fashion) , page 259 External links [ edit ] Pieter de Hooch Paintings (http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/h/hooch/1/index.html) Two pages of paintings of Dutch men in petticoat breeches by Pieter de Hooch. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petticoat breeches (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Petticoat_breeches) . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petticoat_breeches&action=edit) . v t e show v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter 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Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Schools portal (/wiki/Portal:Schools) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐r29pb Cached time: 20240714042818 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.047 seconds Real time usage: 0.070 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 83/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2182/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 96/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.022/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 795688/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 58.071 1 -total 59.58% 34.599 1 Template:Portal 40.30% 23.404 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 32.18% 18.686 1 Template:Category_other 29.04% 16.862 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 2.75% 1.598 1 Template:Template_other 2.60% 1.512 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36708827-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714042818 and revision id 1223551397. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. F Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Category:Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) ‎ (1 C, 3 P) Pages in category "Fashion schools in the United States" The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Art Institute of Atlanta (/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Atlanta) F Fashion Careers College (/wiki/Fashion_Careers_College) Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising) Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) H High School of Fashion Industries (/wiki/High_School_of_Fashion_Industries) I International Academy of Design & Technology – Schaumburg (/wiki/International_Academy_of_Design_%26_Technology_%E2%80%93_Schaumburg) International Academy of Design and Technology San Antonio (/wiki/International_Academy_of_Design_and_Technology_San_Antonio) L LIM College (/wiki/LIM_College) Los Angeles Trade–Technical College (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Trade%E2%80%93Technical_College) O Otis College of Art and Design (/wiki/Otis_College_of_Art_and_Design) P Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) Pensole (/wiki/Pensole) Portland Fashion Institute (/wiki/Portland_Fashion_Institute) V Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts (/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University_School_of_the_Arts) W Wade College (/wiki/Wade_College) Woodbury University (/wiki/Woodbury_University) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_schools_in_the_United_States&oldid=1223551397 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_schools_in_the_United_States&oldid=1223551397) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American fashion (/wiki/Category:American_fashion) Fashion schools by country (/wiki/Category:Fashion_schools_by_country) Art schools in the United States (/wiki/Category:Art_schools_in_the_United_States) Hidden category: Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
New Zealand Fashion designer Margo Barton is a New Zealand fashion designer, milliner and academic leader of the fashion design programme at Otago Polytechnic (/wiki/Otago_Polytechnic) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2017 she took over the position of chair of the iD Dunedin Fashion Week (/wiki/ID_Dunedin_Fashion_Week) organising committee. [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Barton grew up in Dunedin (/wiki/Dunedin) , New Zealand. She learned how to use a sewing machine when she was 11 years old, and started to experiment with making garments, including outfits for her high school ball. She also modelled in department store fashion parades and for a modelling agency, and entered a Miss Otago contest in which she won third place. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) At the end of her second-to-last year of schooling her teachers recommended Barton study at secretarial college; Barton attended the college for only a week before returning to high school for her final year. On completing high school, Barton enrolled for a degree in home science at the University of Otago, although she withdrew after the first year. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Career [ edit ] Barton moved to Auckland and worked briefly as a model at the June Dally Watkins Deportment School and Model Agency, owned by Maysie Bestall-Cohen (/wiki/Maysie_Bestall-Cohen) . She then returned to Dunedin and worked for two years as a pattern-grader scaling patterns to different sizes at a clothing manufacturing company Sew Hoy and Sons. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 1981 Barton moved to Sydney, Australia. As pattern-grading was moving to a computer-based process, she decided to train as a designer at Sydney fashion school The Dress Design Studio, known today as the Fashion Design Studio. During the course, her hat designs were noticed by Patricia Merk from Dolly magazine (/wiki/Dolly_(magazine)) and Merk hired her to design hats for the magazine's fashion shoots. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) On completion of her studies, Barton worked as a designer for the Cruise and Midnight Cruise labels, and the Pierre Cardin label. In 1989, Barton returned to Dunedin and started her own fashion line, followed by her own millinery business in 1992. In 1990, she took a part-time position tutoring in fashion drawing and fashion design at the Otago Polytechnic School of Design, which later became a full-time position. She still designed for her own labels, and in 1992 three of her swimwear designs were in the finals of the Benson & Hedges Fashion Design Awards (/wiki/Benson_%26_Hedges_Fashion_Design_Awards) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2012, Barton completed a Ph.D degree through Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) on millinery. Her thesis was titled Sketching Millinery in Three Dimensions: A Journey Between Physical and Digital Spaces , and studied animation software as a tool for sketching and pattern-making hats. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1999 a collaborative entry with fellow Dunedin designer Andrea Bentley reached the finals in the Mittelmoda Fashion Designer Awards in Italy. The experience inspired Barton to establish a similar competition in Dunedin. In 2005 the annual iD International Emerging Designer Awards was launched and has been held alongside iD Dunedin Fashion Week every year since. . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Margo Barton" (http://www.nzfashionmuseum.org.nz/m/margo-barton/) . www.nzfashionmuseum.org.nz . Retrieved 2018-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Mother-daughter style: Margo Barton, Ella Barton Buchanan and Augusta Buchanan - Fashion Quarterly" (https://www.fq.co.nz/culture/style-insiders/mother-daughter-style-margo-barton-ella-barton-buchanan-augusta-buchanan) . Fashion Quarterly . 2016-10-19 . Retrieved 2018-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Fashion show gets shake-up" (https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/fashion/fashion-show-gets-shake) . Otago Daily Times Online News . 2017-12-16 . Retrieved 2018-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Scott, Lisa (May 2018). "Hats off to the doctor: The Kiwi with a PhD in millinery" (https://www.noted.co.nz/life/style/hats-off-to-the-doctor-the-kiwi-with-a-phd-in-millinery/) . Noted . Retrieved 2018-10-17 . 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American fashion designer (born 1973) Kara Laricks Born 1973 (age 50–51) Occupation Fashion designer Years active 2012–present Website http://www.karalaricks.com/ (http://www.karalaricks.com/) This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( May 2019 ) Kara Laricks is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Laricks was the season one winner of Fashion Star (/wiki/Fashion_Star) . [1] (#cite_note-raczka-1) Personal life [ edit ] Kara Laricks was a fourth grade elementary school (/wiki/Elementary_school) teacher (/wiki/Teacher) for ten years before she quit to become a fashion designer. [2] (#cite_note-jarchow-2) [3] (#cite_note-robinson-3) She loved design as a child and chose to become a teacher because it was a "safe career." [3] (#cite_note-robinson-3) Laricks lives and works in New York, New York (/wiki/New_York,_New_York) . [4] (#cite_note-Kwiatkowski-4) Laricks attended the Academy of Art University (/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University) [5] (#cite_note-5) and graduated in 2008. [6] (#cite_note-Dunhill-6) Laricks is a lesbian (/wiki/Lesbian) who hid her orientation whilst a schoolteacher but remained out personally. She came out publicly on national television during the first season of Fashion Star . She stated she was nervous about coming out on television. [7] (#cite_note-lo-7) Professional life [ edit ] Design aesthetic [ edit ] Laricks' design aesthetic is very contemporary with men's fashion (/wiki/Women%27s_clothing#Gender_differentiation) influences. Laricks cites designer Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) as her "design idol." She finds influence in Yamamoto's "minimalistic color palette (/wiki/Colour_scheme) and the avant garde (/wiki/Avant_garde) cut of his designs." [7] (#cite_note-lo-7) Her other favorite designers are Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) and Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) . [3] (#cite_note-robinson-3) She also cites actor Tilda Swinton (/wiki/Tilda_Swinton) as a style hero. [6] (#cite_note-Dunhill-6) Laricks has described her design aesthetic as "modern-day Annie Hall (/wiki/Annie_Hall) meets a Japanese (/wiki/Japan) street style (/wiki/Street_fashion) ." [6] (#cite_note-Dunhill-6) Fashion Star [ edit ] As a designer, Laricks has been described as having a "unique perspective," by H&M (/wiki/H%26M) fashion buyer (/wiki/Fashion_buyer) Nicole Christie. [8] (#cite_note-cruz-8) Her first round of designs during the first episode of Fashion Star featured her signature men's tie, which was made from the collars of men's dress shirts (/wiki/Dress_shirt) . Laricks designed only ties and was almost eliminated from the show. Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) fashion buyer Terron Schaefer questioned whether she was a "one trick pony," which was challenged after the second episode and Larick designed a drape-tie dress which resulted in a bidding war between the programs buyers. [2] (#cite_note-jarchow-2) In the final episode of Fashion Star, Laricks introduced a pair of drop crotch pants, similar to harem pants (/wiki/Harem_pants) , which Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) described as "a bit too contemporary." Designer John Varvatos (/wiki/John_Varvatos) called them "too crotchety." After presenting three capsule collections to buyers from H&M, Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) and Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Jessica Simpson (/wiki/Jessica_Simpson) responded that Laricks challenged "every woman to step outside the box." This outsider design style lends Laricks to being considered a specialty designer. Laricks won the first season of the reality-contest program. Rolling Stone credited the show with embracing an "unconventionial" designer and applauded the buyers, especially Macy's, for thinking outside the box and awarding Laricks. [8] (#cite_note-cruz-8) Laricks was awarded a grand prize of $6 million of purchases by Macy's, H&M and Saks Fifth Avenue. [1] (#cite_note-raczka-1) Boston Globe (/wiki/Boston_Globe) fashion critic Rachel Raczka calls Laricks' geometric prints "awkward," while contrasting Laricks' day-to-night workwear as "luxurious." [1] (#cite_note-raczka-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Raczka, Rachel (16 May 2012). "Kara Laricks wins 'Fashion Star' (and we're not mad about it)" (https://www.boston.com/lifestyle/fashion/stylephile/2012/05/kara_laricks_wins_fashion_star_nbc.html) . Boston Globe . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jarchow, Boo. "Designer Kara Laricks Wins NBC's Fashion Star - Round Up of her Killer Designs" (http://www.shewired.com/box-office/2012/05/16/designer-kara-laricks-wins-nbcs-fashion-star-round-her-killer-designs) . She Wired . Advocate . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Robinson, Annie. "CG Interviews Fashion Star's Kara Laricks" (http://www.collegegloss.com/2012/05/cg-interviews-fashion-stars-kara.html) . Style . College Gloss . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kwiatkowski_4-0) Kwiatkowski, Elizabeth (16 May 2012). " (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/fashion-star-crowns-kara-laricks-its-winning-first-season-designer-13478.php) 'Fashion Star' crowns Kara Laricks its winning first-season designer" (http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/fashion-star-crowns-kara-laricks-its-winning-first-season-designer-13478.php) . Reality TV World . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Peach, Jeanette. "180 Magazine No. 7: Fashion Perspectives, in Print & on iPad" (http://www.academyart.edu/about-us/news-events/news/2014/october/180-magazine-no--7--fashion-perspectives--in-print---on-ipad) . academyart.edu . Academy of Art University (/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University) . Retrieved 21 December 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Dunhill, Heather. "Qs for Fashion Star's Kara Larick" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120823095142/http://sarasotamagazine.com/Blogs/Fashion-IQ/Qs-for-KARA-LARICKS.aspx) . Heather Dunhill's Fashion IQ . Sarasota Magazine. Archived from the original (http://sarasotamagazine.com/Blogs/Fashion-IQ/Qs-for-KARA-LARICKS.aspx) on 23 August 2012 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lo, Danica (16 May 2012). "Fashion Star Winner Kara Laricks: "I Was Nervous About Coming Out On National TV" (http://www.glamour.com/fashion/blogs/slaves-to-fashion/2012/05/fashion-star-winner-kara-laric.html) " (http://www.glamour.com/fashion/blogs/slaves-to-fashion/2012/05/fashion-star-winner-kara-laric.html) . Slaves to Fashion . Glamour . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cruz, Araceli. " (https://web.archive.org/web/20120520232925/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/fashion-star-recap-kara-laricks-ties-it-up-20120516) 'Fashion Star' Recap: Kara Laricks Ties It Up" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120520232925/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/fashion-star-recap-kara-laricks-ties-it-up-20120516) . Thread Count . Rolling Stone. Archived from the original (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/fashion-star-recap-kara-laricks-ties-it-up-20120516) on May 20, 2012 . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . External links [ edit ] Laricks biography from (http://www.nbc.com/fashion-star/about/bios/designers/kara-laricks/bio/) Fashion Star NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6d4699d455‐9v2wf Cached time: 20240625045510 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.347 seconds Real time usage: 0.475 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2006/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21620/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1050/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35845/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6399293/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 448.296 1 -total 32.61% 146.196 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 31.35% 140.527 1 Template:Reflist 20.14% 90.302 2 Template:Cite_news 18.02% 80.793 1 Template:Short_description 12.32% 55.217 1 Template:Undisclosed_paid 11.08% 49.665 1 Template:Ambox 10.12% 45.347 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.44% 42.313 2 Template:Pagetype 9.36% 41.962 17 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35850740-0!canonical and timestamp 20240625045510 and revision id 1141882347. 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American hat manufacturer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adam_Hats) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Adam_Hats) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adam_Hats) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Adam Hats" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adam+Hats%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adam+Hats%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adam+Hats%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adam+Hats%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adam+Hats%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adam+Hats%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Adam Hats Corporation was an American manufacturer and retailer of hats (/wiki/Hat) . It was founded in 1924 by Elias Lustig and expanded until it eventually operated between 87 and 97 retail stores across the United States. Adam Hats were also distributed to authorized Adam Hat agents. These agents were department stores which were not owned nor operated by Adam Hats. History [ edit ] Adam Hats manufactured and sold a variety of budget-priced hats, including the traditional fedora (/wiki/Fedora) , and pork pie hat (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) . In late spring of each year, Adam Hats promoted straw hats (/wiki/Straw_hat) for the summer. Two of their models were The Executive and The Major ; the last being "The hat of the month for September", and cost $3.25. In the late 1940s/early 1950s, a Frank Moore was the Adam Hats General Sales Manager. Abraham (Chippy) Levy was the Head Window Dresser in 1935. In the late 1940s, a successor to Levy was Irving Rubenstein. In the 1940s, the New York (/wiki/New_York_City) –based Adam Hats was a sponsor of radio broadcasts of boxing (/wiki/Boxing) matches which were held at Madison Square Garden (/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden) . The boxing matches were called by radio announcer Sam Taub (/wiki/Sam_Taub) . Adam Hats also sponsored a radio program, The Strange Dr. Weird , on the Mutual Network (/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System) from 1944 to 1945. Most of these programs, complete with the Adam Hats commercials, are archived. Their famous radio jingle was "I love my man who wears an Adam hat". [1] (#cite_note-1) Adam Hats distributed a series of matchbook (/wiki/Matchbook) covers commonly known as "Sam Taubs Ring Personalities". The inside of each matchbook in the series had a biographical summary of a well known boxer of the era. Adam Hats spared no expense in advertising, often using the celebrities of the thirties and forties in their advertising materials. Advertising materials included matchbooks, celebrity 8x10 photos, magazine ads, radio commercials, newsboy aprons, and numerous other items including one of the earliest television commercials in July, 1941. [2] (#cite_note-2) A series of Adam Hat matchbooks from 1942 was a contest for people to try to win a free hat. Each matchbook in the series had a celebrity photo, and six names below the photo. If one of those names was the celebrity in the photo, then that was a winning matchbook. They sponsored the radio show The Mysterious Traveler (/wiki/The_Mysterious_Traveler) (5/12/'43–16/9/'52). 75 of the 370 shows still exist, some of which have been released on audio cassette. They also sponsored The Strange Dr. Weird (/wiki/The_Strange_Dr._Weird) (1944–'45), broadcast on Mutual (/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System) and narrated by Maurice Tarplin (/wiki/Maurice_Tarplin) . Adam Hat stores had meticulously decorated window displays. The outside of their stores were trimmed around the edges with stained wood, and the store logo showed the name "Adam" in big block letters. Lustig sold the company in 1954 to an entity called Leitman, owned by investor Harold Leitman. In 1958, Lustig died of cancer (/wiki/Cancer) in Scarsdale (/wiki/Scarsdale) , New York. In 1955, Miller Brothers purchased the manufacturing and wholesale segments of the company. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The water tower of Adam Hats, a building now converted to apartments, just east of Interstate 45 (/wiki/Interstate_45) / US 75 (/wiki/U.S._Route_75_(Texas)) in Dallas, Texas (/wiki/Dallas,_Texas) . Miller Brothers was based in Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , Texas, where an old Adam Hats facility has been re-developed into residential property, still called the Adam Hats lofts. [5] (#cite_note-5) Dallas-based Miller Brothers Executive Benjamin Parrill became Adam Hats President in 1955. Parrill died in 2007. [6] (#cite_note-6) In the 1950s, Miller Brothers introduced miniature hat boxes with miniature hats. These novelty items were used as gift certificates, to be redeemed for a hat. Adam Hats in feature films [ edit ] In the movie Cinderella Man (/wiki/Cinderella_Man) (2005), there is a quick camera shot depicting the front of Madison Square Garden (/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden) in the 1930s, with an Adam Hats store next door to it. In the movie Non-Stop New York (/wiki/Non-Stop_New_York) (1937), as the movie begins they are celebrating New Year's Eve (/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve) 1938 in Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) . People are parading down the street and pass directly in front of an Adam Hats store. Co-promotion with Lincoln Mercury Automobiles [ edit ] With the introduction of the Mercury Cougar (/wiki/Mercury_Cougar) in late 1966, Adam Hats produced a "Cougar"-styled hat which contained a small Mercury Cougar emblem on the band of the fedora. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] The United States patents quarterly . Vol. 71. 1946. Federal supplement . Vol. 44. West Publishing Company. 1942. ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Strange Dr. Weird : Old Time Radio Researchers Group : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive" (https://archive.org/details/OTRR_Certified_Strange_Dr_Weird) . 24 September 2011 . Retrieved 2012-07-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A cameraman films a window for an Adam Hat ad" (https://media.gettyimages.com/photos/pictured-a-cameraman-films-a-window-display-for-an-adam-hats-c-picture-id167501300) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "News Digest" (https://www.sec.gov/news/digest/1961/dig121961.pdf) (PDF) . Sec.gov . Retrieved 2012-07-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Elias Lustig Dies" (https://www.nytimes.com/1958/02/25/archives/elias-lustig-dead-founded-adam-hats.html) . Select.nytimes.com. 2012-06-10 . Retrieved 2012-07-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Adam Hats Lofts - Lofts for rent in Deep Ellum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131216103721/http://www.adam-hats-lofts.com/AdamHatsLofts/Index.aspx) . Archived from the original (http://www.adam-hats-lofts.com/AdamHatsLofts/Index.aspx) on 2013-12-16 . Retrieved 2013-12-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Message Boards" (https://boards.ancestry.com/topics.obits/112863/mb.ashx) . Boards.ancestry.com . Retrieved 2016-07-20 . External links [ edit ] Elias Lustig (https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2005678072/#) Google News (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19470523&id=XQQwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XWoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5288,5492812) Archive.org (https://archive.org/details/OTRR_Certified_Strange_Dr_Weird) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐zhbzc Cached time: 20240714171703 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.261 seconds Real time usage: 0.350 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1015/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46999/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9244/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32649/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.167/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5524828/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 314.700 1 -total 45.97% 144.679 3 Template:Ambox 29.21% 91.923 1 Template:Multiple_issues 28.45% 89.546 2 Template:Cite_book 22.37% 70.414 1 Template:Short_description 15.25% 47.993 1 Template:More_footnotes 13.61% 42.833 2 Template:Pagetype 11.65% 36.656 1 Template:Reflist 7.11% 22.363 6 Template:Cite_web 7.07% 22.261 1 Template:Cn Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33317493-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714171703 and revision id 1134864276. 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Irish television personality Breffny Morgan Born Cork, Ireland (/wiki/Cork_(city)) Nationality Irish (/wiki/Irish_people) Known for The Apprentice (/wiki/The_Apprentice_(Irish_TV_series)) , Celebrity Salon , Celebrity Bainisteoir (/wiki/Celebrity_Bainisteoir) Breffny Morgan is an Irish socialite and television personality, known for his appearances on reality shows such as The Apprentice (/wiki/The_Apprentice_(Irish_TV_series)) , Celebrity Salon and Celebrity Bainisteoir (/wiki/Celebrity_Bainisteoir) . [1] (#cite_note-style_bible-1) He was born in Cork (/wiki/County_Cork) , [2] (#cite_note-2) and moved to America to study and row crew at Harvard University, graduating in 2008 with a degree in biology. [3] (#cite_note-3) He was raised by single mother, Geraldine Morgan, and has been public in his pride at this. [4] (#cite_note-4) He was a candidate in the 2009 series of The Apprentice (/wiki/The_Apprentice_(Irish_TV_series)) . This season featured the on-screen romance of Breffny and a fellow cast member. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2010, he was a contestant on Celebrity Salon on TV3. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2010, he did Celebrity Bainisteoir on RTÉ One (/wiki/RT%C3%89_One) . He is an experienced rower (/wiki/Rowing_(sport)) , having won an Irish Rowing Championship in 2002. [7] (#cite_note-7) Morgan was a member of the Irish and British crew that attempted a crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in 2009, aboard the fourteen-man vessel 'La Mondiale'. [8] (#cite_note-8) Teammates here included Peter Williams, Leven Brown (/wiki/Leven_Brown) , and Ian McKeever (/wiki/Ian_McKeever_(mountaineer)) [9] (#cite_note-9) Eleven days into this crossing, La Mondiale was rowing three days ahead of world record pace [10] (#cite_note-10) when the rudder was sheared off by a submerged object, [11] (#cite_note-11) possibly a whale. [12] (#cite_note-12) Rudderless, the crew was stranded in a prolonged sea gale, and after a time they were safely rescued by the 24,000 ton bulk carrier 'Island Ranger'. [13] (#cite_note-13) La Mondiale, however, was destroyed in the process. [14] (#cite_note-14) Morgan is a fashion model, signed with Celia Holman Lee (/wiki/Celia_Holman_Lee) . Campaign work has included Remus Uomo and Jacamo (/wiki/N_Brown_Group) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) He has modelled for Paddy Power, sometimes partnering Georgia Salpa (/wiki/Georgia_Salpa) , [18] (#cite_note-18) who parties with Morgan on the Dublin social scene. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Morgan was the recipient of a Best Dressed Newcomer Award from the Kerry Fashion Awards. [1] (#cite_note-style_bible-1) The Irish Independent and the Irish Examiner both labelled him a sex symbol. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) However, not all media portrayals are as positive, indeed Morgan reported to the Evening Herald that an online search cost Morgan his American girlfriend, claiming that her parents googled him and advised their daughter to end the relationship. [23] (#cite_note-23) A separate Herald article discussed Morgan's tendency to polarise audiences and online commentators and summarised by stating, "If TV entertainment was edible, then Breffny Morgan is a large jar of marmite" . [24] (#cite_note-24) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Our Interview with Breffny Morgan" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120426050249/http://www.stylebible.ie/Stylebible+Interviews/_Breffny%20Morgan.htm) . Style Bible . Archived from the original (http://www.stylebible.ie/Stylebible+Interviews/_Breffny%20Morgan.htm) on 26 April 2012 . Retrieved 12 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Confidence In Action" website Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100727115555/http://www.irishpressreleases.ie/2010/01/07/the-breffmyster-corkman-breffni-morgan-from-the-apprentice-to-speak-at-confidence-in-action-on-jan-14th-2010/) 27 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 29 January 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-3) The Harvard Crimson (http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2009/10/8/morgan-show-apprentice-friends/) 8 October 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Morgan, Breffny (2 April 2011). "My amazing single mum: On the eve of Mother's Day, Breffny Morgan pays tribute to his beloved mother Geraldine" (http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/parenting/breffny-morgan-my-amazing-single-mum-2606591.html) . Irish Independent . Retrieved 2 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Breffny 'over Ger and makes up with Aoiffe' (https://www.rte.ie/ten/2009/1117/theapprentice.html) " (https://www.rte.ie/ten/2009/1117/theapprentice.html) . RTÉ Ten . Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 17 November 2009 . Retrieved 17 November 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Finn, Melanie (24 June 2010). "Celia (59) is cream of the Celebrity Salon crop as she brushes off younger rivals" (http://www.herald.ie/entertainment/around-town/celia-59-is-cream-of-the-celebrity-salon-crop-as-she-brushes-off-younger-rivals-2232937.html) . Evening Herald . Retrieved 31 July 2010 . ...they worked very hard and the likes of Breffny [Morgan] trying to put on false eyelashes with hands like shovels... ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120905040819/http://www.corklife.ie/PDFs/CorklifeAprilMay2010.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://www.corklife.ie/PDFs/CorklifeAprilMay2010.pdf) (PDF) on 5 September 2012 . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Ocean oarsmen race for record" (http://www.independent.ie/national-news/ocean-oarsmen-race-for-record-1591079.html) . Irish Independent . 26 November 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Oceanrowing records" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130728121454/http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/Rows_from_Gran_Canaria.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.oceanrowing.com/statistics/Rows_from_Gran_Canaria.htm) on 28 July 2013 . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Rower to repeat ocean crossing attempt | Irish Examiner" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100121021508/http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/kfausnaukfey/rss2/) . Archived from the original (http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/kfausnaukfey/rss2/) on 21 January 2010 . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Ocean Row Events – Hall of Fame" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130114051951/http://www.oceanrowevents.com/expeditions/hall-of-fame) . Archived from the original (http://www.oceanrowevents.com/expeditions/hall-of-fame) on 14 January 2013 . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "ROWERS HIT BY a WHALE AND LEFT STRANDED AT SEA; Atlantic record charity bid wrecked by giant mammal. – Free Online Library" (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/ROWERS+HIT+BY+A+WHALE+AND+LEFT+STRANDED+AT+SEA%3b+Atlantic+record...-a0192152111) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "HOME AND DRY; EXCLUSIVE Stranded Irish rowers arrive home ..and start planning fresh record bid. – Free Online Library" (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/HOME+AND+DRY%3b+EXCLUSIVE+Stranded+Irish+rowers+arrive+home+..and+start...-a0192878843) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Ocean Row Events – Expedition Details" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130119035520/http://www.oceanrowevents.com/news/8/23/Trade-Winds-Row-2009/d%2CExpeditions) . Archived from the original (http://www.oceanrowevents.com/news/8/23/Trade-Winds-Row-2009/d,Expeditions) on 19 January 2013 . Retrieved 28 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) ‘’The Mirror (London, England)’’ (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/%27I+thought+I+might+not+be+asked+to+do+a+show+like+this+again..so+I...-a0229689352) 24 June 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Galway Advertiser 4 March 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-17) Cork Life Magazine no.44 (https://web.archive.org/web/20110208150939/http://www.corklife.ie/PDFs/CL-no44.pdf) (2010) ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Paddy Power Launch Sweepstakes Kits" Retrieved 29 January 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-19) The Evening Herald 4 July 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-20) The Evening Herald 16 May 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Irish Independent 15 March 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-22) [1] (http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/taking-fans-breff-away-as-fired-apprentice-becomes-sex-symbol-105872.html) ^ (#cite_ref-23) ‘’The Evening Herald’’ (http://www.herald.ie/entertainment/around-town/breffny-is-fired-after-longdistance-loves-parents-google-him-2196522.html) 27 May 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-24) The Evening Herald 17 November 2009 External links [ edit ] https://web.archive.org/web/20111201180418/http://www.breffnymorgan.com/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20111201180418/http://www.breffnymorgan.com/) Breffny Morgan (https://x.com/breffnymorgan) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) v t e Celebrity Bainisteoir (/wiki/Celebrity_Bainisteoir) Season 1 (/wiki/Celebrity_Bainisteoir_season_1) Season 2 (/wiki/Celebrity_Bainisteoir_season_2) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐2l2m5 Cached time: 20240712204159 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.458 seconds Real time usage: 1.084 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2409/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30260/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1448/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 59882/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.288/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6059946/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 977.105 1 -total 32.95% 321.997 1 Template:Infobox_person 24.19% 236.344 1 Template:Reflist 20.68% 202.025 1 Template:Short_description 19.78% 193.224 1 Template:Wikidata_image 15.32% 149.644 5 Template:Cite_news 14.42% 140.886 2 Template:Pagetype 9.37% 91.555 1 Template:Twitter 9.36% 91.463 1 Template:Celebrity_Bainisteoir 9.17% 89.638 1 Template:Navbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33815265-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712204159 and revision id 1215379428. 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1927 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927) 1928 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1928) 1929 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1929) 1930 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1930) 1931 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1931) 1932 1933 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1933) 1934 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1934) 1935 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1935) 1936 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1936) 1937 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1937) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐j8ttq Cached time: 20240718083329 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.087 seconds Real time usage: 0.117 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.063/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933386/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 110.224 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 110.224 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52582786-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083329 and revision id 974957412. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1932" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . D Deb Shops (/wiki/Deb_Shops) L L.C.P. di Pompei (/wiki/L.C.P._di_Pompei) M Metric Hosiery Company (/wiki/Metric_Hosiery_Company) N Nina Ricci (brand) (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) P Playtex (/wiki/Playtex) R R. M. Williams (company) (/wiki/R._M._Williams_(company)) Rocky Brands (/wiki/Rocky_Brands) Rubinacci (/wiki/Rubinacci) W Walter Steiger (/wiki/Walter_Steiger) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1932&oldid=974957412 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1932&oldid=974957412) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1930s fashion (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) Design companies established in 1932 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1932) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1932 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1932) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
American menswear accessories designer Vicky Davis Born 1925 Died 2006 Occupation Menswear accessories designer Vicky Davis (1925 – September 5, 2006) was an American necktie designer based in New York. Early life [ edit ] Born Victoria Wolkin , [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) Davis lived in Michigan with her husband, Larry, and their two sons, and filled her time by acting as a PTA (/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93teacher_association) president for her sons' school. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) When their sons began growing up, Davis became aware that she would have to leave her role with the PTA, and find something to fill her time. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) Fashion design [ edit ] While shopping for holiday clothes for her husband for a cruise break they were planning, Davis realised that available neckties were very dull and uninteresting. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) As a solution, she bought material and had a fellow PTA member make up 5-inch wide cravats (/wiki/Ascot_tie) that her husband wore on the holiday, to the admiration of fellow passengers. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) This inspired Davis to pursue a career in making neckties, by employing PTA members to sew in her basement. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) Eventually, with the support of Larry, Davis moved to New York from Michigan in her 40s to find workers and manufacturers who could meet the increasing demand for her work. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) Once there, Davis's business took off, and by 1982, she had become very successful. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) She was widely sold across the United States, [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) in stores including Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) and Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) . [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) Her first designs were wide ties, in the kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) style, but in the late 1970s she accommodated the demand for skinny ties (/wiki/Skinny_tie) and became a champion for the new style. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) The film Annie Hall (/wiki/Annie_Hall) , which came out around the same time, helped give Davis's business a boost by inspiring fashion trends that coordinated with what she was selling. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) She disliked following set rules, stating that she was interested in designing for people, and encouraged customers to choose ties they liked, rather than solely focusing on what matched their clothing, or caring about their tie fitting their jacket- lapel (/wiki/Lapel) width. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) Her ideal customer was an independent, creative young person who sought to be independent and individual. [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) The Vicky Davis logo featured her signature curly hair and large glasses, and Davis was well known in the industry for her strength of character and squeaky-voiced personality. [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) In 2006, Gerald Andersen, the executive director of the MDFA (Men's Dress Furnishings Association), described her as being "comforting" and "like a den-mother to the neckwear industry," while the editor-in-chief of MR magazine, Karen Alberg Grossman credited her with "virtually" creating humorous ties as well as being a warm and generous person and a good friend, able to both rely on the goodwill of her professional friendships and be a supportive and good friend herself. [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) Davis's sense of humor, passion and positively charged enthusiasm for her work made her popular with the fashion press as well as with colleagues and her peers. [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) She was featured on The Phil Donahue Show (/wiki/The_Phil_Donahue_Show) . [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) From the beginning, her husband and sons had been actively involved in the business, [2] (#cite_note-joy-2) and in 1978, her son, Rob, joined the company fresh from graduating Parsons (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) . [3] (#cite_note-polly-3) Rob became a designer in his own right for the label, and by 1981, his designs were being featured on magazine covers as much as his mother's work. [3] (#cite_note-polly-3) In the mid-1980s Rob developed a separate label, and a tie from his first "Rob Davis for Vicky Davis" collection was worn by Charlie Sheen (/wiki/Charlie_Sheen) in the final scene of the 1987 movie Wall Street (/wiki/Wall_Street_(1987_film)) . [3] (#cite_note-polly-3) The film was influential on men's fashion, encouraging many people to emulate the looks from the film, including "power ties" with strong color and pattern that were unlike previous traditional banker's ties. [3] (#cite_note-polly-3) Vicky Davis was awarded a Special Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for neckwear in 1976. [4] (#cite_note-mcdowell-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She also won a Cutty Sark award for innovative neckwear and accessories. [3] (#cite_note-polly-3) Later life and death [ edit ] After retirement, Davis lived in Greenwood Lake (/wiki/Greenwood_Lake) , New York. [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) She died on September 5, 2006, at the age of 81 and was buried in Southfield, Michigan (/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan) . [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) She was survived by her husband and sons, and a sister and brother. [1] (#cite_note-mr-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Tie Designer Vicky Davis Dead at 81" (https://mr-mag.com/tie-designer-vicky-davis-dead-at-81/) . MR Magazine . September 30, 2006 . Retrieved June 28, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Donovan, Joy (March 17, 1982). "For a Good Time, Tie One on With Designer Vicky Davis" (https://eu.oklahoman.com/story/news/1982/03/17/for-a-good-time-tie-one-on-with-designer-vicky-davis/62890808007/) . The Oklahoman . Retrieved June 28, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rayner, Polly (June 17, 1990). "Give Dad the Ultimate in Signature Ties" (https://mcall.com/news/mc-xpm-1990-06-17-2738782-story.html) . The Morning Call . Retrieved June 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-mcdowell_4-0) McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Fashion . Frederick Muller. pp. 299–301. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-584-11070-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Morris, Bernardine (June 25, 1976). "It's the Women Again Who Take the 'Winnies' (https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/25/archives/its-the-women-again-who-take-the-winnies.html) " (https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/25/archives/its-the-women-again-who-take-the-winnies.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved July 15, 2023 . 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Cornelia James Industry Clothing retailer (/wiki/Clothing_retailer) Founded 1946 Headquarters London (/wiki/London) Key people Cornelia James (/wiki/Cornelia_James_(glovemaker)) (Founder) Genevieve James Lawson (Director) Products Gloves (/wiki/Gloves) Website www (https://www.corneliajames.com/) .corneliajames (https://www.corneliajames.com/) .com (https://www.corneliajames.com/) Cornelia James is a firm of British glovemakers (/wiki/Glove) , founded in 1946, and with a Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) since 1979. The company has been managed by Genevieve James Lawson, daughter of the late Cornelia James, since 1999. [1] (#cite_note-hello-1) [2] (#cite_note-Jubilee-2) History [ edit ] See also: Cornelia James (glovemaker) (/wiki/Cornelia_James_(glovemaker)) Cornelia Katz (/wiki/Cornelia_James_(glovemaker)) was born in Vienna in 1917, and left in 1939 via Paris to London to try to get a United States visa, but met Jack James and married him six weeks later in 1940. [3] (#cite_note-3) She was a Jewish refugee and set up business in London in 1946 making gloves. In 1947, Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) asked her to make the "going-away" gloves for The Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) after her marriage to Prince Philip. [4] (#cite_note-cjcom_about-4) In the 1950s, the company had 250 employees in a former dairy in Brighton. [5] (#cite_note-nytimes_handson-5) Cornelia James died in 1999, at the age of 82. [6] (#cite_note-6) Activities [ edit ] Cornelia James gloves box Cornelia James has been Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) holders since 1979, and is now based in Lewes (/wiki/Lewes) , Sussex. [7] (#cite_note-7) The company is now run by her daughter, Genevieve James Lawson, who's also the brand's creative director. [8] (#cite_note-8) The company's range of products includes cotton (/wiki/Cotton) gloves, merino wool (/wiki/Merino_wool) gloves, leather (/wiki/Leather) gloves, opera gloves, and ski mitts. [5] (#cite_note-nytimes_handson-5) Notable clients have included Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) , Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) , Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) , Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge) , Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Princess_Anne) , Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Princess_Beatrice) , Princess Eugenie (/wiki/Princess_Eugenie) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) , Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) and Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) . [4] (#cite_note-cjcom_about-4) [2] (#cite_note-Jubilee-2) [1] (#cite_note-hello-1) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Japan (/wiki/Japan) is the company's best customer. [5] (#cite_note-nytimes_handson-5) They also have provided gloves for numerous entertainment productions, including The Crown (/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)) , Downton Abbey (/wiki/Downton_Abbey) and Mamma Mia (/wiki/Mamma_Mia_(musical)) . [2] (#cite_note-Jubilee-2) In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) in 2020, the company partnered with HeiQ Materials AG (/wiki/HeiQ_Materials_AG) to create "silver based anti viral technology", which is applied to the fabric of their gloves as an antimicrobial protection against the coronavirus. [11] (#cite_note-11) Related pages [ edit ] Cornelia James (glovemaker) (/wiki/Cornelia_James_(glovemaker)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hamilton, Sophie (3 March 2020). "The Queen's glove maker reveals surprising detail you never knew" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/royal-style/2020030385702/the-queen-glove-maker-cornelia-james-interview/) . HELLO! . Retrieved 6 May 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Royal glove-maker: 'Those gloves will take a beating' (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/the_queens_diamond_jubilee/9267342/Royal-glove-maker-Those-gloves-will-take-a-beating.html) " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/the_queens_diamond_jubilee/9267342/Royal-glove-maker-Those-gloves-will-take-a-beating.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 1 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Gwen Stapleton. "Obituary: Cornelia James | Culture" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-cornelia-james-1133698.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cornelia James, About Us" (http://www.corneliajames.com/pages/about-us) . Corneliajames.com . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Susan Fowler, Gloves Fit for a Queen, With Hands-On Craftsmanship (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/style/international/cornelia-james-a-glove-maker-to-the-queen.html) , Nytimes.com , 23 November 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Fowler, Susanne (23 November 2014). "Gloves Fit for a Queen, With Hands-On Craftsmanship" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/style/international/cornelia-james-a-glove-maker-to-the-queen.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 6 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Cornelia James Ltd | Royal Warrant Holders Association" (https://www.royalwarrant.org/company/cornelia-james-ltd) . Royalwarrant.org . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Cornelia James, About Us" (http://www.corneliajames.com/pages/about-us) . Corneliajames.com . Retrieved 18 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Alford, Maddy. "Kate Middleton looks chic as ever in head-to-toe black" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/fashion/celebrity/a34615494/kate-middleton-looks-chic-head-to-toe-black/) . Cosmopolitan . Retrieved 1 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "HRH The Duchess of Cambridge looked classically elegant in her pairing of Alexander McQueen and #corneliajames yesterday" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BtQZqX5gxmg) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BtQZqX5gxmg/) on 26 December 2021 . Retrieved 1 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The Queen's new defence against coronavirus – antimicrobial gloves" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/11/24/queens-new-defence-against-coronavirus-antimicrobial-gloves/) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 1 December 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.corneliajames.com/) Cornelia James (https://www.instagram.com/cornelia_james/) on Instagram This article about a retailer in the United Kingdom is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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History Wikipedia:WikiProject History Template:WikiProject History history articles Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Criteria?-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z-Criteria?&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Criteria?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Criteria?&quot;} Criteria? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Criteria?-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z-Criteria?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Tahc-2013-03-01T01:06:00.000Z-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z","timestamp":"2013-03-01T01:06:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Criteria?-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z-Criteria?&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Criteria?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Criteria?&quot;} This needs to be made clear. By what criteria is the term "historical" being used here? My first reaction upon seeing it is that it is to list items that are no longer current, that is ones that someone would only wear if they were dressing in period garb or costume as part of a historical recreation for theatre, educational purposes or the like. As such, then greater care must be taken to ensure that the items here truly fit that criteria, as some items that were listed here, though less common, are not historical at all. oknazevad (/wiki/User:Oknazevad) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Oknazevad) ) 22:23, 28 February 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_clothing#c-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z-Criteria?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z","author":"Oknazevad","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z-Criteria?","replies":["c-Tahc-2013-03-01T01:06:00.000Z-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z"]}} I am open to a more clear criteria, but I am not sure what wording would be. To me the criteria is clothing that is worn much less then it was worn in the past. tahc (/wiki/User:Tahc) chat (/wiki/User_talk:Tahc) 01:06, 1 March 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_clothing#c-Tahc-2013-03-01T01:06:00.000Z-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-03-01T01:06:00.000Z","author":"Tahc","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Tahc-2013-03-01T01:06:00.000Z-Oknazevad-2013-02-28T22:23:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Globalization_of_fashion-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z-Globalization_of_fashion&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Globalization of fashion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Globalization of fashion&quot;} Globalization of fashion [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Globalization_of_fashion-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z-Globalization_of_fashion"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z-Globalization_of_fashion","timestamp":"2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Globalization_of_fashion-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z-Globalization_of_fashion&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Globalization of fashion&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Globalization of fashion&quot;} The section on modern fashion has now been divided to reflect the beginnings of globalization in the late 90s. As mentioned in 1990s in fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) , this may be due to the increased availability of the internet and satellite TV outside of America, plus Bill Clinton's reduction of import tariffs under Nafta. Peace and love -Ossie These articles are not named "Globalized fashion" and do not seem to relate to all of Globalized fashion (/w/index.php?title=Globalized_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) (whatever that is)-- they are merely wider than "Western fashion". tahc (/wiki/User:Tahc) chat (/wiki/User_talk:Tahc) 17:34, 3 January 2016 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_clothing#c-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z-Globalization_of_fashion) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z","author":"Tahc","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Tahc-2016-01-03T17:34:00.000Z-Globalization_of_fashion","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Disposition?-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z-Disposition?&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Disposition?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Disposition?&quot;} Disposition? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Disposition?-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z-Disposition?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Tahc-2020-04-01T18:18:00.000Z-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z","timestamp":"2020-04-01T18:18:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Disposition?-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z-Disposition?&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Disposition?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Disposition?&quot;} Could the disposition of this template be harmonised more in line with that of Template:Clothing (/wiki/Template:Clothing) ? PPEMES (/wiki/User:PPEMES) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:PPEMES) ) 09:15, 31 March 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_clothing#c-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z-Disposition?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z","author":"PPEMES","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z-Disposition?","replies":["c-Tahc-2020-04-01T18:18:00.000Z-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z"]}} What do you mean... and why would it be any better than what we have now? tahc (/wiki/User:Tahc) chat (/wiki/User_talk:Tahc) 18:18, 1 April 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_clothing#c-Tahc-2020-04-01T18:18:00.000Z-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-04-01T18:18:00.000Z","author":"Tahc","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Tahc-2020-04-01T18:18:00.000Z-PPEMES-2020-03-31T09:15:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-LlywelynII-20230628125500&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?-20230628125500&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-LlywelynII-20230628125500-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Every piece of armor gets included?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Every piece of armor gets included?&quot;} Every piece of armor gets included? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-LlywelynII-20230628125500","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?-20230628125500","replies":["c-LlywelynII-20230628125500-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-LlywelynII-20230628125500-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?","timestamp":"20230628125500"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-LlywelynII-20230628125500&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?-20230628125500&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-LlywelynII-20230628125500-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Every piece of armor gets included?&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Every piece of armor gets included?&quot;} If not, sabatons have no business being included in the footwear. — Llywelyn II 12:55, 28 June 2023 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_clothing#c-LlywelynII-20230628125500-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"20230628125500","author":"LlywelynII","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-LlywelynII-20230628125500-Every_piece_of_armor_gets_included?","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-LlywelynII-20230628125800&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Vestments-20230628125800&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-LlywelynII-20230628125800-Vestments&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Vestments&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Vestments&quot;} Vestments [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-LlywelynII-20230628125800","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Vestments-20230628125800","replies":["c-LlywelynII-20230628125800-Vestments"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-LlywelynII-20230628125800-Vestments","timestamp":"20230628125800"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{&quot;headingLevel&quot;:2,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;h-LlywelynII-20230628125800&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;heading&quot;,&quot;level&quot;:0,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h-Vestments-20230628125800&quot;,&quot;replies&quot;:[&quot;c-LlywelynII-20230628125800-Vestments&quot;],&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Vestments&quot;,&quot;linkableTitle&quot;:&quot;Vestments&quot;} On the other hand, ecclesiastical vestments absolutely are clothing and should be included unless we're pretending 'albs' and the like are 'modern outerwear' instead of historical anachronisms. — Llywelyn II 12:58, 28 June 2023 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_clothing#c-LlywelynII-20230628125800-Vestments) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"20230628125800","author":"LlywelynII","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-LlywelynII-20230628125800-Vestments","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75854f7f49‐hxgj5 Cached time: 20240722065755 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.011 seconds CPU time usage: 0.157 seconds Real time usage: 0.224 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 292/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15931/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12297/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.106/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1793512/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 172.875 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 100.00% 172.875 1 -total 48.63% 84.065 1 Template:WikiProject_History 9.83% 16.996 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.85% 3.203 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38653714-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722065755 and revision id 1231703682. 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'Nobilis Neapolitana' from Trachtenbuch von Nürnberg A costume book is a collection of images or figures of dress worn by different people of different ranks and places. It emerged as a pictorial genre in the sixteenth century in Europe. Earlier costume books include figures from around the world. They are sometimes accompanied by text describing the costume and customs. An example of a costume book by Cesare Vecellio (/wiki/Cesare_Vecellio) is Degli habit antichi et modern di diverse parti del mondo, published in Venice by Damaro Zen in 1590 and subsequently revised and published by the Sessa brothers in 1598 under the title Habiti antichi et modern di tutto il mondo. [1] (#cite_note-1) Costume books are difficult to define as they may include hand painted and printed illustrations resembling travel accounts or encyclopedic collections. Early costume books are seen as ethnographic studies for understanding foreign cultures, especially before photography was invented. [2] (#cite_note-2) A significant example of an early 19th century costume book is French painter Louis Dupré's Voyage à Athènes et à Constantinople (Paris: Dondey-Dupré, 1825). The book primarily depicts the inhabitants of Ottoman Greece. It emphasizes modernity and cultural diversity with a heavily philhellenic (/wiki/Philhellenism) bias. However, it moves away from the stereotypes common in other costume studies in order to delineate the antiquity of the contemporary Greek scene. [3] (#cite_note-3) Two major art historians working on costume books are Ann Rosalind Jones and Ulrike Ilg. Ilg discusses the manner in which costume books transposed the issue of morality upon clothing, noting how various albums dealt with concepts of modesty and luxury, particularly within the context of existing sumptuary laws and other regulations placed on dress. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jones, Ann Rosalind (Fall 2009). " "Worn in Venice and throughout Italy": The Impossible Present in Cesare Vecellio's Costume Books". Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies . 39 (3): 511–544. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1215/10829636-2009-003 (https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10829636-2009-003) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Schick, Leslie Meral (2004). "The place of the dress in pre-modern costumes albums". Ottoman Costumes from Textile to Identity . Istanbul. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Fraser, Elizabeth A (2017). Mediterranean Encounters: Artists Between Europe and the Ottoman Empire, 1774-1839 . University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 165, 184. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ilg, Ulrike (2004). Clothing culture, 1350-1650 . England: Aldershot. pp. 29–47. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0754638421 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jnxzd Cached time: 20240720050659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.106 seconds Real time usage: 0.393 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 163/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6380/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14273/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.068/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2978390/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 96.758 1 -total 87.07% 84.251 1 Template:Cite_journal 12.67% 12.258 3 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55669529-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720050659 and revision id 1146628412. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Costume_book&oldid=1146628412 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Costume_book&oldid=1146628412) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Costume design (/wiki/Category:Costume_design) Design books (/wiki/Category:Design_books) Hidden category: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher)
Type of loincloth Christ Crucified by Diego Velázquez (/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez) shows Jesus wearing a perizoma Perizoma (from Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) περίζωμα , from peri "around, about" and zoma "loin-cloth, drawers, band, belt") is a type of loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) that originated with the Minoan civilization (/wiki/Minoan_civilization) in Crete (/wiki/Crete) . Surviving depictions show it being worn by male and female acrobats (for example, in the Bull-Leaping Fresco (/wiki/Bull-Leaping_Fresco) ). [1] (#cite_note-bonfa-1) [2] (#cite_note-condra-2) A perizoma was possibly worn by Jesus (/wiki/Jesus) during his crucifixion. It is a standard feature of the crucifixion in the arts (/wiki/Crucifixion_in_the_arts) . However, the Roman custom was to crucify victims naked, and there is no evidence to suggest that Jesus was an exception. [3] (#cite_note-tombs-3) Perizoma was likely added by later artists to preserve modesty (see fig leaf (/wiki/Fig_leaf) ) and first appeared in the 8th century. [4] (#cite_note-vilad-4) Aachen Cathedral (/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral) claims to have the actual relic of the perizoma, preserved inside the Marienschrein (/wiki/Marienschrein) reliquary. [5] (#cite_note-nicke-5) See also [ edit ] Subligaculum (/wiki/Subligaculum) Kaupinam (/wiki/Kaupinam) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-bonfa_1-0) Bonfante, Larissa (2003). Etruscan Dress . JHU Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780801874130 . ^ (#cite_ref-condra_2-0) Condra, Jill (2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History: Prehistory to 1500CE . Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 79. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33662-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 156808055 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/156808055) . ^ (#cite_ref-tombs_3-0) Tombs, David (2009). "Prisoner Abuse: From Abu Ghraib to the Passion of the Christ" (https://books.google.com/books?id=d9tJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA182) . In Hogan, Linda (/wiki/Linda_Hogan_(ethicist)) ; Lehrke, Dylan (eds.). Religion and the Politics of Peace and Conflict . Princeton Theological Monograph Series. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 182–83. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781556350672 . ^ (#cite_ref-vilad_4-0) Viladesau, Richard (2006). The Beauty of the Cross: The Passion of Christ in Theology and the Arts from the Catacombs to the Eve of the Renaissance . Oxford University Press. p. 188. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780195188110 . ^ (#cite_ref-nicke_5-0) Nickell, Joe (2007). Relics of the Christ . University Press of Kentucky. p. 106 (https://archive.org/details/relicsofchrist00joen/page/106) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780813172125 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐sb5th Cached time: 20240710175118 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.248 seconds Real time usage: 0.326 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 472/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11060/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 525/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20247/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.175/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14990903/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 302.717 1 -total 42.56% 128.837 1 Template:Reflist 35.53% 107.556 5 Template:Cite_book 34.77% 105.249 1 Template:Lang 21.56% 65.261 1 Template:Short_description 13.27% 40.167 2 Template:Pagetype 4.51% 13.660 3 Template:Main_other 3.75% 11.344 1 Template:SDcat 0.70% 2.134 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44213214-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710175118 and revision id 1222843953. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perizoma_(loincloth)&oldid=1222843953 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perizoma_(loincloth)&oldid=1222843953) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Undergarments (/wiki/Category:Undergarments) Roman-era clothing (/wiki/Category:Roman-era_clothing) Greek clothing (/wiki/Category:Greek_clothing) Iconography of Jesus (/wiki/Category:Iconography_of_Jesus) Relics associated with Jesus (/wiki/Category:Relics_associated_with_Jesus) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text)
Fashion-related events during the 2020s 2021: Natalie Biden (/wiki/Natalie_Biden) wearing a matching cloth COVID-19 mask (/wiki/COVID-19_mask) at the inauguration of Joe Biden (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden) , her grandfather The fashions of the 2020s represent a departure from 2010s fashion (/wiki/2010s_fashion) and feature a nostalgia (/wiki/Nostalgia) for older aesthetics. [1] (#cite_note-1) They have been largely inspired by styles (/wiki/Fashion) of the late 1990s (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) to mid-2000s (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion) , 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) , and late 1960s (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) to early 1970s (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Early in the decade, several publications noted the shortened trend and nostalgia cycle in 2020s fashion. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Fashion was also shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , which had a major impact on the fashion industry (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) , and led to shifting retail (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail) and consumer trends. In the 2020s, many companies, including current fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) giants such as Shein (/wiki/Shein_(company)) and Temu (/wiki/Temu_(marketplace)) , have been using social media (/wiki/Social_media) platforms such as TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) as a marketing tool. [12] (#cite_note-12) Marketing strategies involving third parties, particularly influencers (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) and celebrities, have become prominent tactics. E-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) platforms which promote small businesses, [13] (#cite_note-13) such as Depop (/wiki/Depop) and Etsy (/wiki/Etsy) , grew by offering vintage, homemade, or resold clothing from individual sellers. Thrifting (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) has also exploded in popularity due to it being centered around finding valuable pieces of clothing at a reasonable price. [14] (#cite_note-14) General trends [ edit ] COVID-19 pandemic [ edit ] Main article: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) Cloth COVID-19 masks (/wiki/Corona_mask) from Germany, 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , wearing a face mask (/wiki/Surgical_mask) became a common and often mandatory practice. [15] (#cite_note-15) The mask shortage, the desire for self-expression, and the ability to quickly make masks without specialized technology soon led to a multitude of mask designs. [16] (#cite_note-Forbes.12April2020-16) [17] (#cite_note-newyorktime.22April2020-17) Fashion that prioritized comfort, style, and safety also became more popular during the pandemic, including sneakers, loungewear (/wiki/Loungewear) , athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) , pajamas, and "Zoom tops", shirts kept close to a wearer to be put on for a video meeting. [18] (#cite_note-18) Athleisure and activewear [ edit ] In the United States, athletic wear such as unisex yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) , hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , athletic shorts (/wiki/Shorts) , [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Crocs (/wiki/Crocs) , sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) , and sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) were staples in millennial (/wiki/Millennials) and Gen Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) wardrobes, although these were generally less form-fitting than the athletic wear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) fashionable in the 2010s (/wiki/2010s_in_fashion) . Despite the return to maximalism (/wiki/Maximalism) in certain fashion circles, the vast majority of Americans were still choosing comfortable clothing. This preference for comfortable and affordable clothing can be attributed to the growing emphasis on casual and relaxed styles in everyday life. [21] (#cite_note-21) Additionally, the ongoing athleisure trend reflects a shift towards prioritizing functionality and versatility in fashion choices. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) Some people might blame the COVID-19 pandemic for the prevalence of casual clothing, but some market research indicates that athleisure never really went out of style. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In fact, athleisure has been gaining popularity for years due to its ability to seamlessly transition from the gym to everyday activities. [26] (#cite_note-26) This trend is further reinforced by the increasing focus on health and wellness, as people seek clothing that allows them to stay active and comfortable throughout the day. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Maximalism and 2010s backlash [ edit ] As the decade started, maximalist fashion made a resurgence on the runway (/wiki/Fashion_runway) , as a backlash against the fashions of the 2010s. After two years indoors, many younger people started to channel their restless energy into cheery, upbeat fashions. [32] (#cite_note-32) Gen Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) fashion enthusiasts found themselves dissatisfied with minimalism (/wiki/Minimalism) and millennial fashion, considering it to be lacking in self-expression and gender neutral (/wiki/Non-binary_gender) representation. [33] (#cite_note-33) All facets of popular culture were briefly impacted by the resurgence in maximalism, especially fashion, interior design, music, and the arts. [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Although maximalism had made a comeback in online fashion communities, minimalism remained the standard for interior decorating (/wiki/Interior_decorating) and mainstream fashion (/wiki/Fashion) . The TikTok algorithm repurposed minimalism as a selection of curated aesthetics and "fashion essentials" that appeal to Gen Z youth. [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) Although they were a fashion must-have in the 2010s, skinny jeans (/wiki/Skinny_jeans) faced a brief backlash at the start of the decade. [40] (#cite_note-40) Many Gen-Z social media influencers (/wiki/Social_media_influencer) on TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) said that skinny jeans were no longer a symbol of youth culture, causing controversy among fashion bloggers and millennial women. [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) Separating one's hair to the side (side-part) was also considered to be out of style by Gen-Z influencers. [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) The term cheugy (/wiki/Cheugy) was coined to describe "tacky millennial fashion." [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) Internet aesthetics, micro-trends and anti-fashion [ edit ] The acceleration of new fashion trends and micro-trends, made possible by social media platforms such as Tumblr, Pinterest, Instagram and TikTok, led to shorter trend cycles and faster manufacturing processes by global clothing producers ( fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) ). The pollution linked with fast fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) led to the birth of anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) micro-trends. [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) The trend cycle was moving so fast that there were niche revivals for 2010s fashion and 2014 Tumblr. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) Women's clothing [ edit ] Early 2020s (2020–2022) [ edit ] Late 1990s–2000s revival [ edit ] As the decade began, fashions of the late 1990s and early to mid-2000s (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion) (sometimes referred to as ' Y2K (/wiki/Year_2000_problem) fashion' [55] (#cite_note-55) ) were a major influence. This contrasted with the fashions of the previous decade (/wiki/2010s_fashion) which took inspiration from early to mid 90s fashion. On social networks, many influencers constantly look for vintage styles to break from the dominance of massively advertised looks (that they sometimes heavily criticize), a classic nostalgia effect used in the fashion industry. [56] (#cite_note-56) The early 2020s saw renditions of the underwear-as-outerwear and explicit sexuality. Versace, Gucci and Prada made significant returns to latex-inspired styles. Pornhub (/wiki/Pornhub) sponsored an osé fashion collection in Paris. Brands became in demand of a very wide diversity of models (breakthrough of indigenous models). The covid crisis had an impact on fashion continuity, which Vogue described as "chaotic, creative mix of idiosyncratic takes on what the post-pandemic world wants right now". Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) explored vampire looks for Louis Vuitton. [57] (#cite_note-57) From 2020 to 2022, desirable colours in the US and Europe included navy blue (/wiki/Navy_blue) , neon green (/wiki/Neon_green) , electric blue (/wiki/Electric_blue_(colour)) , purple, white, coral (/wiki/Coral) , baby pink (/wiki/Baby_pink) , [58] (#cite_note-Shannon_Keating-58) [59] (#cite_note-59) light grey, silver, [60] (#cite_note-Spring_2021_Couture-60) pastel pink, violet, pale blue (/wiki/Pale_blue) , lavender, mint green (/wiki/Mint_green) , [61] (#cite_note-:1-61) faded yellow, pastel teal, lemon yellow (/wiki/Lemon_yellow) , orange, red, and brown. [62] (#cite_note-4_Spring_2020_Trends-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) Popular shirts, coats, and dresses from this time included puffer jackets (/wiki/Puffer_jacket) made from upcycled (/wiki/Upcycle) deadstock (/wiki/Deadstock) fabric, sweatshirts, high waisted pants (/wiki/High_waisted_pants) , tucked-in sweaters, camisoles (/wiki/Camisole) and crop tops (/wiki/Crop_top) , lowrise (/wiki/Lowrise) miniskirts (/wiki/Miniskirt) , [64] (#cite_note-64) brocade topcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) , [61] (#cite_note-:1-61) midriff-baring tops, ribbed turtlenecks (/wiki/Turtleneck) , garish Ed Hardy (/wiki/Ed_Hardy) style T-shirts with rhinestones (/wiki/Rhinestone) , [58] (#cite_note-Shannon_Keating-58) off-the-shoulder knitted tops, science fiction (/wiki/Science_fiction) -inspired metallic jackets, [60] (#cite_note-Spring_2021_Couture-60) loose-fitting shift dresses (/wiki/Shift_dress) [65] (#cite_note-65) or blouses, pantywaist tops (/wiki/Pantywaist_top) sometimes with cap sleeves, cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) cardigans, [62] (#cite_note-4_Spring_2020_Trends-62) [66] (#cite_note-66) and oversized 1980s-inspired [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) dog's tooth check (/wiki/Houndstooth) jackets popularized by Kaia Gerber (/wiki/Kaia_Gerber) and Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) . Revived popular shoe and accessory styles included Crocs (/wiki/Crocs) , [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-:2-70) platform sandals, knee-high boots, ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) , white sneakers (such as Vans (/wiki/Vans) , Keds (/wiki/Keds) , Nike Air Force 1s (/wiki/Air_Force_(shoe)) , [71] (#cite_note-71) or Converse), fringed handbags (/wiki/Handbags) , multi-coloured 1980s-inspired earrings (/wiki/Earring) made from recycled (/wiki/Recycle) ocean plastic (/wiki/Ocean_plastic) , [72] (#cite_note-72) white bralettes (/wiki/Bra) , chunky cable knit (/wiki/Cable_knit) scarves (/wiki/Scarves) , Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) , and Doc Martens (/wiki/Doc_Martens) . Some women also shifted to fair trade, vintage, and cruelty-free (/wiki/Cruelty-free) clothing. In Britain, a number of women rejected nylon (/wiki/Nylon) , acrylic, rayon (/wiki/Rayon) , new cotton, and polyester in favor of tencel (/wiki/Tencel) , linen (/wiki/Linen) , organic cotton, and recycled polyester. [73] (#cite_note-73) Workplace dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) became more casual due to a higher proportion of remote workers (/wiki/Remote_work) among white collar staff. Many professional women, especially in the UK and America, paired a formal blouse (/wiki/Blouse) with casual leg wear like shorts or even pajama (/wiki/Pajama) bottoms on video conferences (/wiki/Video_conference) . [70] (#cite_note-:2-70) [74] (#cite_note-74) In India, Pakistan, and Ceylon, Generation Z girls repurposed the sari (/wiki/Sari) worn by their mothers, pairing it with sneakers, casual knitwear (/wiki/Knitwear) , crop tops, T-shirts, black Oxford shoes (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) , Y2K-inspired platform sandals, and sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) . The dresses were often made in contrasting shades of grey, black, and blush (/wiki/Blush_(colour)) pink (/wiki/Pink) , often being seen as a modern and corporate look. [75] (#cite_note-75) 1960s influences [ edit ] 1960s-inspired outfit from 2021 featuring knee high boots, pop-art (/wiki/Pop-art) -inspired top, miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) , and cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) with checkerboard (/wiki/Checkerboard) motif. The spring of 2021 saw a revival of psychedelic (/wiki/Psychedelia) mid-to-late 1960s fashion (/wiki/1960s_fashion) in the UK, Asia, the US, Europe, and Africa. Clothing such as miniskirts (/wiki/Miniskirts) , slim fit capri pants (/wiki/Capri_pants) , denim jumpsuits (/wiki/Jumpsuit) , [76] (#cite_note-76) flared trousers (/wiki/Flared_trousers) , [77] (#cite_note-Brown_clothing_in_Metro-77) lowrise (/wiki/Lowrise) white linen (/wiki/Linen) boho chic (/wiki/Boho_chic) maxi skirts (/wiki/Maxi_skirt) worn with hippie (/wiki/Hippie) style sandals (/wiki/Sandal) or ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flats) , [78] (#cite_note-78) patched jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , [79] (#cite_note-79) dog's tooth check (/wiki/Houndstooth) skirts and mini-dresses, laced Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) blouses derived from Danish folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) , [80] (#cite_note-80) pastel blue or pink empire line (/wiki/Empire_line) milkmaid (/wiki/Milkmaid) dresses inspired by Bridgerton (/wiki/Bridgerton) , [81] (#cite_note-81) maxi dresses (/wiki/Maxi_dress) , [82] (#cite_note-82) gingham (/wiki/Gingham) or stripy short shorts worn with matching vests [83] (#cite_note-83) or thigh-skimming jackets, [84] (#cite_note-84) and cropped slim jeans (/wiki/Skinny_jeans) [85] (#cite_note-85) were popular pants among younger women from 2021-24. Other favoured styles included prairie dresses (/wiki/Prairie_dress) with floral embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) ; [70] (#cite_note-:2-70) backless sundresses (/wiki/Sundress) ; [86] (#cite_note-86) floor-length kaftans (/wiki/Kaftan) with jeans; [87] (#cite_note-87) Pendleton jackets (/wiki/Pendleton_jacket) ; hippie (/wiki/Hippie) style mood rings (/wiki/Mood_ring) popularized by Lorde (/wiki/Lorde) ; tiered flamenco (/wiki/Flamenco) dresses that flare out below the knee; [88] (#cite_note-88) satin slip dresses (/wiki/Slip_dress) ; jumpers with smiley faces and mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom) designs; satin (/wiki/Satin) blouses; checkerboard sweater vests (/wiki/Sweater_vest) ; [89] (#cite_note-89) leather three-quarter length coats; Crombie (/wiki/Crombie_(clothing)) style wool overcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) ; leopard print winter coats; [90] (#cite_note-90) zip collar turtleneck sweaters (/wiki/Turtleneck_sweater) ; zip-up polo shirts (/wiki/Polo_shirt) with white collar trim; [91] (#cite_note-91) clothing with sunflower (/wiki/Sunflower) print; checkerboard (/wiki/Checkerboard) motifs; and diamond and hexagonal prints. Popular colours during this time included brown, [77] (#cite_note-Brown_clothing_in_Metro-77) sage green, royal blue (/wiki/Royal_blue) , hot pink (/wiki/Hot_pink) , orange, yellow, and purple. [92] (#cite_note-92) Comfortcore, cottagecore and coastal grandmother [ edit ] The lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic led a whole generation of women worldwide to prefer homely and comfortable clothes to wear at home. From 2020-2022, many subtrends emerged from this so-called "comfortcore" movement. [93] (#cite_note-:11-93) Cardigan and flannel (/wiki/Flannel) coats worn by Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) , representative of the cottagecore (/wiki/Cottagecore) subtrend. A nostalgia-driven subtrend was cottagecore (/wiki/Cottagecore) (grandmacore, faeriecore, farmcore, goblincore (/wiki/Goblincore) ) even though it goes beyond fashion to include all designs. The cottagecore subtrend was reinforced by Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) 's 2020 albums Folklore (/wiki/Folklore_(Taylor_Swift_album)) and Evermore (/wiki/Evermore_(Taylor_Swift_album)) . [94] (#cite_note-94) The cottagecore style was defined by pastel colours and palettes that evoked a romantic, idealized country aesthetic. [95] (#cite_note-once_vox-95) Typical clothing included prairie dresses, blue gingham (/wiki/Gingham) mini-dresses, white gypsy tops (/wiki/Gypsy_top) with multicolour Mexican-inspired floral embroidery, and hippie (/wiki/Hippie) -style maxi dresses inspired by those worn during the late 1960s (/wiki/1960s_fashion) . Gingham and austerity-era floral patterns dominated the aesthetic. [95] (#cite_note-once_vox-95) An urban derivative of cottagecore known as "allotment chic" became popular in the UK during the early to mid 2020s and featured oversized linen gilets (/wiki/Gilet) , cotton twill maxi skirts (/wiki/Maxi_skirt) , pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) dresses, chunky knitted cardigan sweaters (/wiki/Cardigan_sweater) and earth tones like olive green, brown, sage green (/wiki/Sage_(color)) , marigold (/wiki/Marigold_(color)) yellow, tangerine (/wiki/Tangerine) orange, and ecru (/wiki/Ecru) . [96] (#cite_note-96) "Retirement-wear" was a subtrend where young Gen Z (/wiki/Gen_Z) and millennial generation (/wiki/Millennial_generation) women in America adopted the comfy-looking style of their elders, and borrowed styles from nostalgia-filled figures such as Dianne Keaton (/wiki/Dianne_Keaton) . [93] (#cite_note-:11-93) The 2022 trend "coastal grandmother" brought a "beachy, romantic aesthetic" associated with the rural American East Coast (/wiki/American_East_Coast) . [97] (#cite_note-97) [98] (#cite_note-98) [99] (#cite_note-99) It combined elements of cottage-core with spring and fall beachwear (/wiki/Beachwear) [100] (#cite_note-100) especially white jeans, cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) turtleneck sweaters (/wiki/Turtleneck_sweater) , pastel pink (/wiki/Pastel_pink) flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) , woven tote bags (/wiki/Tote_bag) made from recycled fabric, and straw beekeeper (/wiki/Beekeeper) style sun hats (/wiki/Sun_hat) . [101] (#cite_note-101) Mid 2020s (2023–present) [ edit ] Dopamine dressing and oversized garments [ edit ] Continuing on from the maximalist (/wiki/Maximalist) and 1980s influences of the early 2020s (#General_trends) , vibrant coloured clothing had made a comeback for women in America, France, China, Korea, and Ukraine [102] (#cite_note-102) by the spring of 2023. [103] (#cite_note-103) This style, sometimes referred to as " dopamine (/wiki/Dopamine) dressing", featured long skirts and belted maxi dresses (/wiki/Maxi_dress) with thigh splits, lots of gold and pearl jewelry, neon blue tights, [104] (#cite_note-104) oversized striped cardigan sweaters (/wiki/Cardigan_sweater) , multicoloured silk skirts with seashell (/wiki/Seashell) or floral print, strappy sandals, pants with a contrasting stripe down the leg, ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boot) , [105] (#cite_note-105) floral print maxi skirts (/wiki/Maxi_skirt) , Y2K inspired platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoes) , chunky red rain boots (/wiki/Rain_boot) , [106] (#cite_note-106) shimmery jumpsuits (/wiki/Jumpsuit) , [107] (#cite_note-107) knitted dresses, leather pilot (/wiki/Pilot) jackets with faux fur collars, [108] (#cite_note-108) skirts with bold contrasting vertical stripes, trouser suits (/wiki/Trouser_suit) with bootcut (/wiki/Bootcut) legs, jeans with glittery heart or star-shaped details, chunky white or black sandals, and zebra (/wiki/Zebra) print tote bags (/wiki/Tote_bag) . [109] (#cite_note-109) [110] (#cite_note-110) A dressier, more summery variant of dopamine dressing, known as "Italian garden party core", incorporated Mediterranean-inspired elements of cottagecore, such as pink mary janes (/wiki/Mary_janes) , white, green, baby blue or pink shirt dresses with fruit, leaf and floral patterns, straw hats, peach colored off the shoulder peplum dresses (/wiki/Peplum_dress) , and gladiator sandals (/wiki/Gladiator_sandal) . [111] (#cite_note-111) Big, oversized garments were often made from translucent materials and featured cutouts intended to expose the wearer's bare shoulder, thigh, or midriff (/wiki/Midriff) , such as low-cut waists on the pants (/wiki/Hip_hugger) or tops with strappy necklines intended to be worn braless (/wiki/Braless) . [112] (#cite_note-112) Desirable colours included neon green, watermelon (/wiki/Watermelon) green, coral pink (/wiki/Coral_pink) , orange, salmon pink (/wiki/Salmon_pink) , magenta (/wiki/Magenta) , gold (/wiki/Gold) , electric blue (/wiki/Electric_blue_(colour)) , aquamarine (/wiki/Aquamarine_(colour)) , cyan (/wiki/Cyan) , turquoise (/wiki/Turquoise) , and royal blue (/wiki/Royal_blue) . [113] (#cite_note-113) [114] (#cite_note-114) Glamour wear [ edit ] In Britain and America, luxury fashions often with shiny or metallic detailing became popular evening wear (/wiki/Evening_gown) and clubwear (/wiki/Clubwear) by the winter [115] (#cite_note-Xmas_outfits_2023-115) of 2023. Desirable items included brown minidresses (/wiki/Minidress) sometimes featuring bronze (/wiki/Bronze) sequins (/wiki/Sequin) , [116] (#cite_note-116) metallic or sequined tuxedo (/wiki/Tuxedo) jackets, bark colored silk midi dresses, [117] (#cite_note-117) small leather handbags (/wiki/Handbag) , [118] (#cite_note-118) 1990s fashion (/wiki/1990s_fashion) inspired Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Janes) , pantywaist tops (/wiki/Pantywaist_top) , goth fashion (/wiki/Goth_fashion) inspired black midi dresses (/wiki/Midi_dress) , [119] (#cite_note-119) Y2K inspired pointy court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) , sheer belted mini dresses (/wiki/Mini_dress) with green sequins, [120] (#cite_note-120) metallic silver pants, [121] (#cite_note-Must_have_river_island_xmas_pieces-121) knitted dresses in grey, navy blue, cream or black sometimes featuring intricate Nordic inspired patterns, [122] (#cite_note-122) rhinestone cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) , white shawl lapel (/wiki/Shawl_lapel) sportcoats (/wiki/Sportcoat) , black or white embroidered western shirts (/wiki/Western_shirt) or fringe jackets (/wiki/Fringe_jacket) , [123] (#cite_note-123) lots of silver jewelry, silver brocade (/wiki/Brocade) slip dresses (/wiki/Slip_dress) , [121] (#cite_note-Must_have_river_island_xmas_pieces-121) dresses decorated with feathers, [115] (#cite_note-Xmas_outfits_2023-115) flared trousers (/wiki/Flared_trousers) [124] (#cite_note-124) white dresses, Scandinavian inspired enamel (/wiki/Vitreous_enamel) jewelry, [125] (#cite_note-125) timeless " quiet luxury (/wiki/Quiet_luxury) " inspired mock turtleneck (/wiki/Turtleneck) sweaters, black leather block heel knee high boots, [126] (#cite_note-126) baguette (/wiki/Baguette) bags in metallic black, silver, green, red, or brown, [127] (#cite_note-127) satin (/wiki/Satin) blouses (/wiki/Blouse) , [128] (#cite_note-128) black tuxedo (/wiki/Tuxedo) style trouser suits (/wiki/Trouser_suit) , [129] (#cite_note-129) black polka dot (/wiki/Polka_dot) dresses and satin (/wiki/Satin) half-slip (/wiki/Half-slip) skirts (/wiki/Skirt) worn as outerwear, [130] (#cite_note-130) and grey old money (/wiki/Old_money) inspired Crombie (/wiki/Crombie_(brand)) style overcoats. [131] (#cite_note-131) Desirable colors included silver, black, white, navy blue, dark green, sky blue, and bronze. Many younger women hired going-out outfits from websites like Net A Porter (/wiki/YOOX_Net-a-Porter_Group) rather than buying fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) dresses and only wearing them once on a night out. [132] (#cite_note-132) Balletcore fashion [ edit ] Main article: Ballet and fashion § Balletcore (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion#Balletcore) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballet_dancer) -inspired fashion in the mid-2020s had a significant impact on the fashion industry, influencing both high fashion (/wiki/Haute_couture) runways and mainstream street fashion. [133] (#cite_note-133) [134] (#cite_note-134) This trend drew inspiration from the graceful and elegant aesthetic of ballet dancers, incorporating elements such as soft tulle fabrics (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) , delicate lace (/wiki/Lace) , wraparound silhouettes, ballerina skirts (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) , and ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) into clothing designs. The trend also emphasized a more feminine (/wiki/Femininity) and romantic style (/wiki/Romanticism) , with pastel colors (/wiki/Pastel_(color)) , flowy skirts, and off-the-shoulder tops becoming popular choices for fashion enthusiasts in Singapore, the UK and America. The influence of ballerina fashion extended beyond clothing, inspiring hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) such as soft buns (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) and loose waves (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) , as well as delicate accessories like ribbon (/wiki/Ribbon) chokers (/wiki/Choker) and ballet slipper (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) -inspired shoes. Ballerina-inspired fashion brought a sense of whimsy and ethereal beauty to the fashion world during this period and also increased the popularity of ballet-inspired workout wear, with brands creating collections that combined functionality with a balletic aesthetic. [135] (#cite_note-135) [136] (#cite_note-136) [137] (#cite_note-137) Men's clothing [ edit ] Early 2020s (2020–2022) [ edit ] Late 1990s–2000s influences [ edit ] 2020–21: Korean men in the 1980s and 2000s-inspired outfits fashionable in the early 2020s. From 2020 onwards, many fashions of the late 1990s and early to mid-2000s (/wiki/2000s_fashion) returned in Europe and America. This included mixing selected contemporary fashion brands with original vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) and recent thrift shop (/wiki/Thrift_shop) finds. Popular trends in the UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) , China (/wiki/China) , the US (/wiki/United_States) , and Australia (/wiki/Australia) included black or white crew neck (/wiki/Crew_neck) shirts, midnight blue U.S. Woodland (/wiki/U.S._Woodland) camouflage (/wiki/Camouflage) baseball caps (/wiki/Baseball_cap) , straight leg jeans (/wiki/Straight_leg_jeans) like the Levi Strauss (/wiki/Levi_Strauss) 501 instead of the skinny jeans popular in the 2010s, bold multicolour motif shirts popularized by DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) , tracksuits (/wiki/Tracksuit) with business suit (/wiki/Business_suit) styling, gorpcore ("Good ol' Raisins and Peanuts") hiking and fishing clothing like Fjallraven (/wiki/Fjallraven) windbreakers (/wiki/Windbreaker) and cargo pants, Sandqvist (/wiki/Sandqvist) canvas rucksacks (/wiki/Rucksack) , jogger pants (/wiki/Sweatpants) as athletic style, twill joggers as a dressed up style, black trench coats (/wiki/Trenchcoat) leather reefer jackets (/wiki/Reefer_jacket) reminiscent of those worn in The Matrix (/wiki/The_Matrix) , [138] (#cite_note-auto-138) imitation leather messenger bags (/wiki/Messenger_bag) featuring throwback logos, Fred Perry (/wiki/Fred_Perry) Oxford shirts (/wiki/Oxford_shirt) with vertical stripes, and club wear (/wiki/Clubwear) — especially brightly patterned camp shirts (/wiki/Camp_shirt) . [139] (#cite_note-139) [140] (#cite_note-140) [141] (#cite_note-menshealth.com-141) [142] (#cite_note-independent.co.uk-142) [143] (#cite_note-:5-143) [144] (#cite_note-:3-144) [145] (#cite_note-145) [146] (#cite_note-146) [ excessive citations ] Other popular items include workwear (/wiki/Workwear) like fleece jackets (/wiki/Fleece_jacket) , zip-up hoodies, unbranded baseball caps, rubber pool sliders (/wiki/Pool_slider) , flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) in contrasting shades like purple and white, corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) pants, trucker caps (/wiki/Trucker_cap) , brightly coloured hoodies with bold designer logos like Polo Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Polo_Ralph_Lauren) , Champion Sportswear (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) and Super Dry (/wiki/Super_Dry) , and slim-fitting grey or khaki cargo pants (/wiki/Cargo_pants) worn with matching lightweight M65 Field Jackets (/wiki/M65_Field_Jacket) with multiple external patch pockets (/wiki/Patch_pocket) . [147] (#cite_note-147) [148] (#cite_note-148) [149] (#cite_note-149) 2000s fashion trends featured hip-hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) -inspired track jackets, athletic tank tops (/wiki/Tank_top_(shirt)) , wide-leg jeans (/wiki/Wide-leg_jeans) , turtleneck sweaters (/wiki/Turtleneck_sweaters) , Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) motifs, neon socks, sports jerseys, cargo pants, bomber jackets (/wiki/Bomber_jacket) , Madras plaid (/wiki/Madras_(cloth)) shirts, Henley shirts (/wiki/Henley_shirt) , blouson (/wiki/Blouson) style leather jackets, long sleeve (/wiki/Long_sleeve) polo shirts, silk skinny ties, tapered high-waisted pants, brow line sunglasses, pleated khaki chino pants, mid-washed jeans, tie dye socks, oversized sweaters, and more. These trends were popular among Welsh soccer fans during the 2022 Fifa World Cup (/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup) . [150] (#cite_note-auto2-150) [151] (#cite_note-151) [152] (#cite_note-152) [70] (#cite_note-:2-70) [153] (#cite_note-:4-153) [154] (#cite_note-154) [155] (#cite_note-155) [156] (#cite_note-156) [157] (#cite_note-:0-157) [158] (#cite_note-158) [159] (#cite_note-159) [160] (#cite_note-160) [161] (#cite_note-161) [162] (#cite_note-162) [163] (#cite_note-163) [164] (#cite_note-164) [165] (#cite_note-165) [ excessive citations ] Common footwear included classic Air Jordan sneakers (/wiki/Air_Jordan) , loafers (/wiki/Loafer) with chunky brothel creeper (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) soles favoured by Shawn Mendes (/wiki/Shawn_Mendes) , [166] (#cite_note-166) [167] (#cite_note-167) suede desert boots (/wiki/Desert_boot) , cyan floral print Vans (/wiki/Vans) sneakers popularized by Nick Jonas (/wiki/Nick_Jonas) , [168] (#cite_note-168) all-black imitation leather (/wiki/Imitation_leather) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) trainers, [169] (#cite_note-169) suede Timberland (/wiki/The_Timberland_Company) boots, Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) loafers, [170] (#cite_note-170) Lacrosse (/wiki/Lacrosse) or Sorel (/wiki/Sorel_(brand)) duck boots (/wiki/Duck_boots) , suede Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) [171] (#cite_note-171) chunky hiking (/wiki/Hiking) sandals (/wiki/Sandal) , high top (/wiki/High_top) Converse All-Stars (/wiki/Converse_All-Stars) , [172] (#cite_note-172) Nike Air Max (/wiki/Nike_Air_Max) sneakers, [173] (#cite_note-173) worker boots (/wiki/Safety_boots) , and combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) bought as army surplus (/wiki/Army_surplus) . Desirable colours included white; orange; brown; black; yellow; greens, such as olive and lime; blues, such as indigo, sky, cyan, and navy; and tans, such as khaki and taupe. [142] (#cite_note-independent.co.uk-142) As a result of the increase in remote work (/wiki/Remote_work) , workplace dress codes became more casual. Employees returning to the office frequently combined the 1990s business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) attire with elements of loungewear and athleisure such as black monotone sneakers, navy hoodies, shorts, and even dark grey sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) . [174] (#cite_note-174) Due to gym closures, digital smart watches (/wiki/Smartwatch) with timers replaced analog wristwatches (/wiki/Wristwatch) as many younger men in Europe and America subscribed to online apps for tracking and planning their exercise (/wiki/Exercise) routines at home. [175] (#cite_note-175) [176] (#cite_note-176) In the UK, [177] (#cite_note-177) Middle East, and some parts of Africa, [178] (#cite_note-178) keffiyehs (/wiki/Keffiyeh) were used in an attempt to block viruses [179] (#cite_note-179) and to show support for Palestinian nationalism (/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism) . [180] (#cite_note-180) [181] (#cite_note-181) [182] (#cite_note-182) 1980s revival [ edit ] Actor Jean Cruz wearing early 1980s-inspired outfit in 2021 Due to many 2000s fashions being throwbacks (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/throwback) to the late 1970s to early 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion#Early_1980s) , [183] (#cite_note-183) [184] (#cite_note-184) clothing such as pinstripes (/wiki/Pinstripe) , textured knits with vertical stripes, leather waistcoats (/wiki/Waistcoat) , corduroy clothing, navy blue (/wiki/Navy_blue) and emerald green (/wiki/Emerald_green) power suits (/wiki/Power_dressing) with shoulder pads (/wiki/Shoulder_pad_(fashion)) , [185] (#cite_note-185) pleated trousers, and Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) regained popularity. Shirts with large and pointed collars became trendy again. [186] (#cite_note-186) The increased formality for men returning to the office was, in part, a reaction to the ubiquitous casual wear (/wiki/Casual_wear) associated with working from home (/wiki/Working_from_home) during the coronavirus lockdowns (/wiki/Coronavirus_lockdown) of 2020–21. [187] (#cite_note-187) In Britain and the US, clothing that regained mainstream popularity included clothes with sports logos [188] (#cite_note-188) and colour blocks, Harrington jackets (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) , baseball jackets (/wiki/Baseball_jacket) , stonewashed (/wiki/Stonewash) denim jackets, [189] (#cite_note-189) and red or green plaid trucker-style jackets (/wiki/Pendleton_jacket) with sheepskin (/wiki/Sheepskin) lining, [190] (#cite_note-190) [191] (#cite_note-191) aviator sunglasses (/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses) , brown shearling (/wiki/Shearling) flight jackets (/wiki/Flight_jacket) , [192] (#cite_note-192) plaid suits, striped full-button cardigan sweaters (/wiki/Cardigan_sweater) with polo shirt (/wiki/Polo_shirt) collars, white Converse All-Star (/wiki/Converse_All-Star) or throwback Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) sneakers, [193] (#cite_note-193) tan gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) trenchcoats (/wiki/Trenchcoat) reminiscent of those worn by 80s TV detective Columbo (/wiki/Columbo) , [141] (#cite_note-menshealth.com-141) preppy (/wiki/Preppy) style aran sweaters (/wiki/Aran_sweater) and fairisle (/wiki/Fairisle) cardigan sweaters with shawl collars (/wiki/Shawl_collar) , [194] (#cite_note-194) safari suits (/wiki/Safari_suit) intended for the modern business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) workplace, double-breasted 1940s-style blazers originally revived in the 1980s as the power suit (/wiki/Power_dressing) , camp collar (/wiki/Camp_collar) shirts with bold prints or stripes, [195] (#cite_note-195) corduroy sports coats, [196] (#cite_note-196) [197] (#cite_note-James_Bond_outfits-197) Ivy League (/wiki/Ivy_League_(clothing)) college-style cardigans with trim, [198] (#cite_note-198) jacquard (/wiki/Jacquard_machine) , dog's tooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) , and cashmere check wool scarves, [199] (#cite_note-199) tricolour socks, [200] (#cite_note-200) Vans (/wiki/Vans) , [201] (#cite_note-201) monotone Plimsoll shoes (/wiki/Plimsoll_shoe) , [143] (#cite_note-:5-143) towelling polo shirts, [197] (#cite_note-James_Bond_outfits-197) turtlenecks, and t-shirts featuring vintage-inspired graphics such as muscle cars (/wiki/Muscle_car) , comic book characters, [202] (#cite_note-202) and brands such as Coca-Cola (/wiki/Coca-Cola) . Colours such as green, grey, navy blue, red, black, white, forest green (/wiki/Forest_green) , and orange became popular in 2021. Other desired articles of clothing included stylized pale blue and magenta representations of palm trees (/wiki/Palm_tree) or cassette players (/wiki/Cassette_player) , and 1980s movie posters such as Star Wars (/wiki/Star_Wars) or the Ghostbusters (/wiki/Ghostbusters) logo due to the unexpected popularity of the 2021 film (/wiki/Ghostbusters_Afterlife) . [203] (#cite_note-203) [204] (#cite_note-204) Workwear and street fashion [ edit ] Oversized workwear-inspired outfit worn by indie rocker (/wiki/Indie_rock) Sam Fender (/wiki/Sam_Fender) in 2021. Since the late 1990s (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) , functional workwear items like Dickies (/wiki/Dickies) trousers and Barbour jackets (/wiki/Barbour_(company)) have been fashion statements, first sold through independent menswear stores like American Classics in London and Oi Polloi in Manchester. Workwear was as common on the high street as it is in department stores, with many fast-fashion labels even offering capsule collections of blue-collar staples like chore jackets (/wiki/Chore_jacket) and selvage (/wiki/Selvage) denim jeans. [205] (#cite_note-205) [206] (#cite_note-206) Brands such as Carhartt (/wiki/Carhartt) , Dickies (/wiki/Dickies) and Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) saw success throughout the beginning of the 2020s thanks to their close association with hip-hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_(culture)) , streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) , and skate culture (/wiki/Skate_culture) . Crewneck (/wiki/Crew_neck) T shirts (/wiki/T_shirt) especially in white or black, green or navy blue overshirts (/wiki/Overshirt) , dress socks (/wiki/Dress_socks) , safety boots (/wiki/Safety_boot) resembling sneakers, black or khaki Dickies 874 pants, [207] (#cite_note-207) and folded knit caps (/wiki/Knit_cap) became wardrobe essentials during this period. [208] (#cite_note-208) [209] (#cite_note-209) Gender neutral clothing [ edit ] 2021: Italian band Måneskin (/wiki/Maneskin) in androgynous outfits. Genderless fashion is a global movement with ties with women's and LGBTQ liberation. [210] (#cite_note-:10-210) Originally a genderless fashion in Japan (/wiki/Genderless_fashion_in_Japan) , it went mainstream in America, Korea [211] (#cite_note-Androgynous_K-pop_stars-211) and the UK by 2021, with fashion experts speculating that the emerging androgynous style represents a new ideal of male beauty. [212] (#cite_note-212) The style took inspiration from 1980s fashion (/wiki/1980s_fashion) , anime, trendsetters like Ryuchell (/wiki/Ryuchell) , and the often androgynous (/wiki/Androgynous) style of K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) boy bands. [213] (#cite_note-213) Dyed hair, makeup, short shorts, [214] (#cite_note-:6-214) knee socks, necklaces, tight pants, brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creepers) , Pink Panther (/wiki/Pink_Panther) and Betty Boop (/wiki/Betty_Boop) motifs, feminine blouses in leopard print, [215] (#cite_note-Genderless_fashions-215) [ deprecated source ] and silver or bright colours like pink and orange [138] (#cite_note-auto-138) were particularly common. Men on the red carpet were also embracing accessories like feather boas (/wiki/Feather_boa) [216] (#cite_note-216) and pearl jewelry. [217] (#cite_note-217) [218] (#cite_note-218) Other popular articles of clothing included kimono style shirts, frilly lace blouses, tunics (/wiki/Tunic) , [138] (#cite_note-auto-138) boots with stacked Cuban heels (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) , crop tops, furry ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) , [219] (#cite_note-:7-219) kilts (/wiki/Kilt) , [220] (#cite_note-220) [219] (#cite_note-:7-219) mint green safari jackets (/wiki/Safari_jacket) with Nudie Cohn (/wiki/Nudie_Cohn) inspired embroidery, [221] (#cite_note-221) shiny jackets with shoulder pads and puffy sleeves, flared trousers (/wiki/Flared_trousers) , [215] (#cite_note-Genderless_fashions-215) [ deprecated source ] transparent shirts, shawl lapel (/wiki/Shawl_lapel) sports coats [222] (#cite_note-222) sometimes covered with sequins (/wiki/Sequin) or rhinestones (/wiki/Rhinestone) , oversized silk shirts in purple, green, gold or silver, [138] (#cite_note-auto-138) and suits in eccentric colours like gold lame (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) , [138] (#cite_note-auto-138) shiny green sequins, or fuchsia (/wiki/Fuchsia_(colour)) . [223] (#cite_note-223) During the early 2020s, many young men in America favored shorter athletic shorts, sometimes referred to as "hoochie daddy shorts", with a 5-inch or even a 3-inch inseam (/wiki/Seam_(sewing)) . [224] (#cite_note-224) [225] (#cite_note-225) Several factors contributed to the rise in popularity of 5-inch shorts, including the popularity of men's thighs on social media, a greater acceptance of gender-fluid clothing in mainstream fashion, and general comfort and fashion trends. [226] (#cite_note-226) [227] (#cite_note-227) [228] (#cite_note-228) [229] (#cite_note-229) Originally athletic wear, jock straps (/wiki/Jock_strap) were worn as regular underwear by many gay men (/wiki/Gay_man) before 2020. [230] (#cite_note-230) [231] (#cite_note-231) However, during the early 2020s some straight men have been buying them either as an erotic gag gift (/wiki/Gag_gift) or as fetish wear (/wiki/Fetish_wear) for the bedroom. [232] (#cite_note-232) [ citation needed ] Likewise mirroring the themes of genderless fashion the jockstrap has now been reinvented to embrace all genders with brands such as Virtue a genderless brand by Fashion Designer Yotam Solomon (/wiki/Yotam_Solomon) launching it in styles that identify with a wearer's anatomy. [233] (#cite_note-233) The leading trendsetters in androgynous fashion during this time included Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) , [234] (#cite_note-234) [210] (#cite_note-:10-210) Italian shock rock (/wiki/Shock_rock) group Maneskin (/wiki/Maneskin) , actor Timothée Chalamet (/wiki/Timoth%C3%A9e_Chalamet) , [235] (#cite_note-235) Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) , Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) , Billy Porter (/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)) , [236] (#cite_note-236) Brad Pitt (/wiki/Brad_Pitt) , [237] (#cite_note-237) Paul Mescal (/wiki/Paul_Mescal) , [214] (#cite_note-:6-214) African entrepreneur Ezra Olubi, [238] (#cite_note-238) and Jimin (/wiki/Jimin_(singer,_born_1995)) . [239] (#cite_note-Boys_in_skirts-239) Due to the influence of artists like Ru Paul (/wiki/Ru_Paul) , Jodie Harsh (/wiki/Jodie_Harsh) and gay singer Sam Smith (/wiki/Sam_Smith) , [240] (#cite_note-240) drag queen (/wiki/Drag_queen) -inspired outfits went mainstream. [241] (#cite_note-241) Influential designers included Harris Reed (/wiki/Harris_Reed) , JW Anderson (/wiki/JW_Anderson) , and Bode (/wiki/Bode_(fashion_brand)) . Mid 2020s (2023–present) [ edit ] Vintage Americana and patriotic motifs [ edit ] French actor and singer Etienne Daho (/wiki/Etienne_Daho) wearing Americana-inspired black leather blouson (/wiki/Blouson) and red western shirt (/wiki/Western_shirt) in 2023. From 2023-24, the predominant colours in Britain, Australia, France and America were red, white [242] (#cite_note-242) and blue. [243] (#cite_note-243) As in the mid-to-late 1970s (/wiki/1970s_fashion) , Western shirts (/wiki/Western_shirt) with pearl snaps (/wiki/Pearl_snap) in denim, black gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) or bright madras plaid (/wiki/Madras_plaid) made a comeback, and sometimes featured contrasting yokes [244] (#cite_note-244) and cuffs with intricate embroidery. [245] (#cite_note-245) [246] (#cite_note-246) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) , stonewash (/wiki/Stonewash) denim waistcoats (/wiki/Waistcoat) with decorative fringes, preppy loafers, navy blue (/wiki/Navy_blue) suits and sportcoats (/wiki/Sportcoat) , Wrangler jeans (/wiki/Wrangler_jeans) [247] (#cite_note-247) or Levi Strauss (/wiki/Levi_Strauss) jeans, [248] (#cite_note-248) suede fringe jackets (/wiki/Fringe_jacket) popularized by Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) , Noel Fielding (/wiki/Noel_Fielding) , Post Malone (/wiki/Post_Malone) and Beyonce (/wiki/Beyonce) in anticipation of the release of her Cowboy Carter (/wiki/Cowboy_Carter) album, [249] (#cite_note-249) straight leg jeans (/wiki/Straight_leg_jeans) instead of the skinny jeans fashionable from the late 2000s until the mid-2010s, [250] (#cite_note-250) stetsons (/wiki/Stetson) , white baseball jerseys (/wiki/Baseball_jersey) with bold red or blue pinstripes (/wiki/Pinstripe) , striped blue neckties (/wiki/Necktie) , baggy white pants (/wiki/Baggy_pants) , Union Jack (/wiki/Union_Jack) motifs, Panhandle Slim, Rockmount and Scully sportcoats (/wiki/Sportcoat) with contrasting Western-inspired yokes and embroidery, [251] (#cite_note-251) flared jeans (/wiki/Flared_jeans) , duster coats (/wiki/Duster_coat) as worn in the Yellowstone (/wiki/Yellowstone_(American_TV_series)) TV series, [252] (#cite_note-252) preppy (/wiki/Preppy) style college (/wiki/College) sweaters (/wiki/Sweater) , retro blue and white striped football shirts (/wiki/Football_shirt) , [253] (#cite_note-253) chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) with cowboy boot (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) styling, two-button blazers with red and blue boating stripes, V-neck sweater vests (/wiki/Sweater_vest) , royal blue (/wiki/Royal_blue) baseball jackets (/wiki/Baseball_jacket) with white sleeves, Howler Brothers gilets (/wiki/Gilet) , [254] (#cite_note-254) shirts and suits worn open to expose the chest, [255] (#cite_note-255) and boxy leather reefer jackets (/wiki/Reefer_jacket) were popular on both sides of the Atlantic. [256] (#cite_note-256) [257] (#cite_note-257) Eclectic grandpa [ edit ] The " grandpa core (/wiki/Young_fogey) " fashion trend of 2024, also known as "eclectic grandpa", is characterized by vintage-inspired casual fashion (/wiki/Casual_fashion) from the late 1940s to early 1960s (/wiki/1950s_fashion) . It draws inspiration from the fashion sensibilities of grandfathers from the silent generation (/wiki/Silent_generation) and incorporates colorful knitwear (/wiki/Knitwear) like patterned sweater vests (/wiki/Sweater_vest) or shawl collar (/wiki/Shawl_collar) cardigan sweaters, braces (/wiki/Braces_(clothing)) , loafer (/wiki/Loafer) shoes, corduroy, high waisted (/wiki/High_waisted_pants) dress pants (/wiki/Dress_pants) , and various tweed (/wiki/Tweed) accessories especially flat caps (/wiki/Flat_cap) . Celebrities such as Harry Styles, Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) and Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) have played a significant role in popularizing this trend among the mainstream fashion public in the UK and America. [258] (#cite_note-258) [259] (#cite_note-259) [260] (#cite_note-260) [261] (#cite_note-261) Youth fashion [ edit ] E-kids, emo and alternative [ edit ] Androgynous outfit worn by alternative singer Yungblud (/wiki/Yungblud) in 2023 In 2020, internet and social media access re-popularized 1990s and 2000s subcultures and fashion trends, including the alternative fashion (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) popular among scene kids (/wiki/Scene_(subculture)) , punks (/wiki/Punk_subculture) , emos (/wiki/Emo_Subculture) , skaters (/wiki/Skater_fashion) , Hyperpop (/wiki/Hyperpop) and shoegaze (/wiki/Shoegaze) fans, [262] (#cite_note-262) and mall goths (/wiki/Mall_goth) . [263] (#cite_note-263) [264] (#cite_note-264) [265] (#cite_note-265) Self-proclaimed "alt" Gen Z youths, including many e-kids (/wiki/E-kids) , aimed to replicate the late 2000s emo culture, leading to a revival of secondhand stores and fashion. Emo fashion features dark colors, especially black, with common items including plain black or graphic printed hoodies, skinny jeans, sneakers, and intricate details like studded belts (/wiki/Studded_Belt) and skull jewelry. During the early and mid 2020s, e-kids and emo revivalists often incorporated punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) and skater (/wiki/Skater_subculture) inspired accessories like checkerboard (/wiki/Checkerboard) Vans (/wiki/Vans) or all-black Converse All-Stars (/wiki/Converse_All-Stars) . They showcased unique styles on YouTube and TikTok, driven by nostalgia and the belief in liberated fashion. The pop punk revival (/wiki/Pop_punk_revival) of the early 2020s was associated with acts like Machine Gun Kelly (/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(musician)) , Olivia Rodrigo (/wiki/Olivia_Rodrigo) and Yungblud (/wiki/Yungblud) , as well as 2000s groups like Paramore (/wiki/Paramore) releasing comeback albums. [266] (#cite_note-266) [267] (#cite_note-267) [268] (#cite_note-auto3-268) [269] (#cite_note-269) [270] (#cite_note-270) [271] (#cite_note-271) [272] (#cite_note-272) [273] (#cite_note-auto1-273) Crossover subgenres like Y2K Post-Grunge (/wiki/Y2K_fashion) also gained prominence thanks to apps such as Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest) and Tik Tok. Wardrobe staples being Affliction (/wiki/Affliction_Clothing) shirts, Tripp pants (/wiki/Tripp_pants) , wolf cut (/wiki/Wolf_cut) , DC Shoes (/wiki/DC_Shoes) , baggy cargo pants (/wiki/Cargo_pants) , Harley Davidson (/wiki/Harley-Davidson) and Ed Hardy (/wiki/Ed_Hardy) accessories. [274] (#cite_note-274) [275] (#cite_note-275) [276] (#cite_note-276) [277] (#cite_note-277) E-kid culture of the late 2010s and early 2020s was influenced by anime (/wiki/Anime) , emo rap (/wiki/Emo_rap) and hyperpop (/wiki/Hyperpop) . Celebrities such as Belle Delphine (/wiki/Belle_Delphine) , Corpse Husband (/wiki/Corpse_Husband) , Dua Lipa (/wiki/Dua_Lipa) , Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) , Yungblud (/wiki/Yungblud) , [278] (#cite_note-278) Lil Peep (/wiki/Lil_Peep) , Bladee (/wiki/Bladee) , and Juice WRLD (/wiki/Juice_WRLD) were viewed as style icons [279] (#cite_note-279) The mall goth (/wiki/Mall_goth) subculture of the late 1990s, with its nu metal (/wiki/Nu_metal) and industrial metal (/wiki/Industrial_metal) influences, also provided some inspiration for teenage e-girls, as did horror-themed Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) series such as Wednesday Addams (/wiki/Wednesday_Addams) and the Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (/wiki/Chilling_Adventures_of_Sabrina) . Striped long sleeve T-shirts, Hot Topic (/wiki/Hot_Topic) branded clothing, gothic (/wiki/Goth_subculture) makeup, BDSM (/wiki/BDSM) accessories, tennis skirts, dyed hair, and thigh highs are wardrobe essential for the e-girl look. At the same time, the term e-girl also came to bear a negative connotation due to its connection to sex work (/wiki/Sex_work) and cultural appropriation (/wiki/Cultural_appropriation) , leading to the term's decline in cultural popularity. [280] (#cite_note-280) [281] (#cite_note-281) [282] (#cite_note-What_is_an_E-girl-282) [283] (#cite_note-283) [284] (#cite_note-284) [285] (#cite_note-285) Hip hop, vamp and Opium [ edit ] British rapper Stormzy (/wiki/Stormzy) wearing all-black outfit in 2022. Clothing items used to express beliefs during a Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) protest. For Black American (/wiki/Black_American) and Black British (/wiki/Black_British) youth, hip hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) became more politicized. This was due to the influence of social justice (/wiki/Social_justice) rappers including Stormzy (/wiki/Stormzy) , [286] (#cite_note-286) No Name (/wiki/Noname_(rapper)) , [287] (#cite_note-287) the Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) movement, and a resurgence of interest in past civil rights (/wiki/Civil_rights) organizations such as the Black Panther Party (/wiki/Black_Panther_Party) . [288] (#cite_note-eu.indystar.com-288) Slogan T-shirts inspired by punk fashion, [289] (#cite_note-289) black leather jackets or trench coats (/wiki/Trenchcoat) , [290] (#cite_note-290) hoodies, [291] (#cite_note-291) black sweatpants, face-concealing black bandanas (/wiki/Bandana) , dark glasses (/wiki/Dark_glasses) , marijuana (/wiki/Marijuana) motifs, skull masks, morale patches (/wiki/Morale_patch) , paramilitary tactical vests (/wiki/Tactical_vest) , [288] (#cite_note-eu.indystar.com-288) and camouflage (/wiki/Camouflage) patterns were popular. Black American activists in the American south sometimes wore blue union army (/wiki/Union_army) kepis (/wiki/Kepi) at the demolition of Confederate statues to taunt lost cause (/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy) revisionists and white supremacists (/wiki/White_supremacist) . American record label Opium, founded by musicians including Playboi Carti (/wiki/Playboi_Carti) , Ken Carson (/wiki/Ken_Carson) and Destroy Lonely (/wiki/Destroy_Lonely) was another source of inspiration for streetwear trends in the 2020s. Designer clothing, leather (/wiki/Leather) , and BDSM (/wiki/BDSM) -inspired accessories made up the Opium aesthetic. This Goth-inspired hip-hop trend includes designer jewelry (/wiki/Jewellery) , dyed dread locs (/wiki/Dreadlocks) or braids (/wiki/Braid) , and layered monochromatic (/wiki/Monochrome) outfits. [292] (#cite_note-292) [293] (#cite_note-293) [294] (#cite_note-294) [295] (#cite_note-295) [296] (#cite_note-296) VSCO girls and preppy [ edit ] 2021: Black American (/wiki/Black_American) woman with a kidcore-inspired outfit and brightly dyed hair in 2021. VSCO girl (/wiki/VSCO_girl) is a clothing style that tried to emulate the style of the photo app, VSCO (/wiki/VSCO) . These girls wear scrunchies (/wiki/Scrunchie) on their wrists and in their hair with high-side ponytails and headbands (/wiki/Headband) . Footwear includes white sneakers, ballet flats, and sandals. They wear either no makeup or little makeup that blends with their skin and prioritizes a cute and comfortable style. [297] (#cite_note-297) Popular e-girl options include high-waisted pants, oversized tie dye (/wiki/Tie_dye) T-shirts, long sweatshirts or sweater dresses, bike shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) , Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) track shorts, Nike Tempo (/wiki/Nike_Tempo) shorts, capri and ankle length leggings (/wiki/Leggings) with socks, [298] (#cite_note-298) T-shirt dresses, denim skirts, overalls, shortalls, high-waisted mom jeans (/wiki/Mom_jeans) , shirts, sweaters, sweatshirts tucked in their jeans and a belt, headbands (/wiki/Headband) , and Nike Elite (/wiki/Nike_Elite) socks in many different colours. Due to the extensive mockery and overexposure this subculture endured on TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) , the term VSCO girl became quickily phased out of popular culture despite the clothing's continued popularity throughout the decade. [299] (#cite_note-299) [300] (#cite_note-300) [301] (#cite_note-301) [302] (#cite_note-302) [303] (#cite_note-303) [304] (#cite_note-304) Although the term "preppy" has very little in connection with its original definition, Gen Z and Gen Alpha used it to describe a look similar to VSCO (/wiki/VSCO) . [305] (#cite_note-305) [306] (#cite_note-306) [307] (#cite_note-307) Stanley cups (/wiki/Stanley_Cups_(tumbler)) , Drunk Elephant skincare products, Lulu Lemon (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) and Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) clothes are essentials for achieving this look. Brands such as Brandy Melville (/wiki/Brandy_Melville) , Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) and H&M (/wiki/H%26M) were also popular. [308] (#cite_note-308) [309] (#cite_note-309) [310] (#cite_note-310) [311] (#cite_note-311) Soft grunge and kidcore [ edit ] Main articles: Soft grunge (/wiki/Soft_grunge) and kidcore (/wiki/Kidcore) In the early 2020s, American indie kids adopted a youthful aesthetic, taking cues from Japanese kid-core (/wiki/Kidcore) subculture, indie pop (/wiki/Indie_pop) , energy drinks (/wiki/Energy_drink) , indie rock (/wiki/Indie_rock) , and skater fashion (/wiki/Skater_fashion) . [312] (#cite_note-312) Self-proclaimed indie teenagers disapproved of fast fashion and sought vintage items, leading American and European teens to frequent thrift stores like Goodwill for trendy items such as wide-legged jeans, oversized zip-up hoodies, striped cardigans, crop tops, collared shirts, shoestring belts (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) , mom jeans and other high-rise (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) pants, shortalls (/wiki/Shortalls) , bucket hats, Doc Martens, [313] (#cite_note-313) platform shoes, shredded denim, flower crowns, and tennis skirts. [314] (#cite_note-314) [315] (#cite_note-315) [316] (#cite_note-316) Individuals who influenced this trend include indie rapper Russ (/wiki/Russ_(rapper)) and Australian rapper the Kid Laroi (/wiki/The_Kid_Laroi) . [317] (#cite_note-317) [318] (#cite_note-318) Critics criticized the anti-conformist and environmentally friendly trend, which involved reselling cheap second-hand clothing at inflated prices. [319] (#cite_note-319) [320] (#cite_note-320) Indie sleaze [ edit ] Maximalist (/wiki/Maximalist) outfits worn by indie girl group (/wiki/Girl_group) Wet Leg (/wiki/Wet_Leg) , 2022. Main article: Indie sleaze (/wiki/Indie_sleaze) In contrast to the brightly coloured, childlike outfits popular in America, and the mismatched clothing previously worn ironically by hipsters (/wiki/Hipster_subculture) during the 2010s, British indie pop fans favored a darker, more authentic post-punk (/wiki/Post-punk) and garage rock (/wiki/Garage_rock) -inspired aesthetic. Critics have compared the early 2020s indie rock revival, with its 1960s- (/wiki/1960s_fashion) and Noughties (/wiki/2000s_fashion) -inspired outfits, to the original British Invasion (/wiki/British_Invasion) . [321] (#cite_note-321) Members of the UK indie subculture combined thrifted dress clothing [322] (#cite_note-322) from the mid-2000s to early 2010s (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion#Mid_2000s) with selected vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) and new garments made to retro (/wiki/Retro) 1960s patterns [323] (#cite_note-323) by companies such as Madcap England. [324] (#cite_note-Amelinckx-324) Artists including Sam Fender (/wiki/Sam_Fender) , Wet Leg (/wiki/Wet_Leg) , Lathums (/wiki/Lathums) , Years & Years (/wiki/Years_%26_Years) , and Wolf Alice (/wiki/Wolf_Alice) popularized velvet (/wiki/Velvet) or paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) tuxedo (/wiki/Tuxedo) jackets in dark blue, green or burgundy, off the peg dark wash slim fit jeans (/wiki/Slim_fit_jeans) , striped polo shirts (/wiki/Polo_shirt) with cardigan sweater styling, [324] (#cite_note-Amelinckx-324) white T shirts, black leather jackets (/wiki/Leather_jacket) , [325] (#cite_note-thetab.com-325) bucket hats, plaid (/wiki/Tartan) or black miniskirts (/wiki/Miniskirt) , dresses with red or black polka dots (/wiki/Polka_dot) , striped throwback (/wiki/Throwback_uniform) football shirts (/wiki/Football_shirt) popularized by Sam Fender, [326] (#cite_note-326) blouses (/wiki/Blouse) especially in orange or brown, Argyle (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) golfing sweaters, [325] (#cite_note-thetab.com-325) black or grey Prince of Wales check (/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_check) sport-coats (/wiki/Sportcoat) , checked western shirts (/wiki/Western_shirt) , ripped jeans, red Doc Martens, suede Beatle boots with pointed toes (/wiki/Winklepickers) , bowling shoes (/wiki/Bowling_shoe) , brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) , and parkas (/wiki/Parka) . [327] (#cite_note-327) [328] (#cite_note-328) [329] (#cite_note-329) Old money, dark and light academia [ edit ] 2020: example of a Dark Academia outfit. The dark academia (/wiki/Dark_academia) aesthetic, which combined elements of preppy fashion and gothic fashion (/wiki/Gothic_fashion) , was heavily influenced by 1930s (/wiki/1930%E2%80%931945_in_Western_fashion) and 1940s fashion (/wiki/1930%E2%80%931945_in_Western_fashion) , particularly attire worn by students at Oxbridge (/wiki/Oxbridge) , Ivy League (/wiki/Ivy_League) colleges, and prep schools during the time. Cardigans, oxford blue (/wiki/Oxford_blue) rowing blazers with contrasting white trim, [330] (#cite_note-330) dress shirts, plaid skirts, tights, knee socks, Oxford shoes, ballet flats, white sneakers, twill (/wiki/Twill) jogger pants (/wiki/Jogger_pants) , and apparel made of houndstooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) , and dark grey (/wiki/Grey) or brown (/wiki/Brown) tweed (/wiki/Tweed) sportcoats (/wiki/Sportcoat) are some of the most identified articles of clothing with the dark academia aka old money aesthetic (/wiki/Old_money_aesthetic) . The typical colour palette consisted primarily of black, white, beige, browns, dark green, and occasional navy. [331] (#cite_note-331) [332] (#cite_note-332) The style has been criticized for its having themes of Eurocentrism (/wiki/Eurocentrism) , classism (/wiki/Classism) and unhealthy learning practices. [333] (#cite_note-333) [334] (#cite_note-334) A closely related style, known as " light academia (/wiki/Light_academia) ", was characterized by neutral and light colours, including soft blues (/wiki/Blue) , pinks, whites (/wiki/White) , creamy (/wiki/Cream_(colour)) yellows, beige, light greys, light purple, pastel and dusty colours, plaid, stripes (/wiki/Stripe_(pattern)) , and argyle patterns (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) reminiscent of the preppy look of the early 1980s. Variants to this style, which originated in America as an internet trend, included "pastel academia," "romantic academia," and "chaotic academia". [335] (#cite_note-335) Goblincore, fairy grunge, coquette [ edit ] This article may contain an excessive number of citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill) . The details given are: Too many citations and no attribution for subjective statements, specifically in 3rd paragraph regarding Coquette aesthetic. Please help remove low-quality or irrelevant citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_overkill#How_to_trim_excessive_citations) . ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) One of the staples of early to mid 2020s fashion and youth culture is its "return to nature," characterized by environmentalism (/wiki/Environmentalism) , romanticism (/wiki/Romanticism) and general appreciation of the natural world. Goblincore (/wiki/Goblincore) , also known as gremlincore (/wiki/Gremlin) , is an American subculture and style of art based on the enjoyment of features of nature that are not conventionally considered beautiful. The goblin is an evil thieving creature in European mythology, but it also serves as a carefree expression of infatuation with nature's ugliness. Animals like frogs, snails, and materials like moss, dirt, plants, and fungi like mushrooms are associated with goblin core. Goblincore sweater Goblincore was popular in the LGBTQ+ (/wiki/LGBTQ%2B) community. Attire could include [336] (#cite_note-336) adventure-ready gear, ensembles with multiple clashing patterns/colours, oversized sweaters, and worn-out or customized pants and overalls. Much of the apparel is worn-out, thrifted, or second-hand for a relaxed vibe, similar to the look of crust punks (/wiki/Crust_punks) in the late 1990s. As many goblincore enthusiasts were comfortable with getting dirty, keeping their clothes clean was not a priority. [337] (#cite_note-337) Fairy Grunge clothing at an Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) store Fairy grunge combined the aesthetics of fairycore, coquette, and grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) . Social media creators were mostly responsible for popularizing this aesthetic. Fairy grunge can be seen as a natural extension of the kinderwhore (/wiki/Kinderwhore) style — which has deep roots in grunge — but with a more ethereal note. Fairy grunge often included oversized t-shirts or hoodies, long or mini skirts, nightgowns, corsets, mittens, gloves, skull patterns, mesh tights or fishnets, high knee socks, leg warmers, platform Demonia shoes, fairy wings, and elf ears. [338] (#cite_note-338) [339] (#cite_note-339) Nymphet, also known as coquette, is an aesthetic that draws on a character cliché first used by Vladimir Nabokov (/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov) in his 1955 novel Lolita (/wiki/Lolita_(1962_film)) and its two subsequent film adaptations (1962 and 1997). Heart-shaped sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) , pastel colors, floral (/wiki/Floral) /cherry patterns, ballet shoes, hair bows, pigtails and lace dresses are essential to achieving the coquette look. Musician Lana Del Ray (/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey) is cited to be a style icon and helped popularize the nymphet aesthetic for Gen Z women. [340] (#cite_note-340) Coquette has been criticized by some writers, such as Iustina Roman, for the glamorization of eating disorders (/wiki/Eating_disorder) , pedophilia (/wiki/Pedophilia) , racism (/wiki/Racism) , and classism. [341] (#cite_note-341) Some writers [ attribution needed ] have made the argument that coquette could be viewed as a feminist (/wiki/Feminism) way for women reclaim girlhood and innocence. [342] (#cite_note-342) [343] (#cite_note-343) [344] (#cite_note-yahoo.com-344) [345] (#cite_note-345) [ excessive citations ] Barbiecore, McBling, and gyaru [ edit ] All pink Barbiecore inspired 1970s outfit worn by actress Margot Robbie (/wiki/Margot_Robbie) in 2023 Bimbocore, also known as Barbiecore (/wiki/Barbiecore) , is an American and Canadian feminist (/wiki/Feminism) fashion subculture that reclaims the sexist stereotypes of American starlets from the 2000s. Bleached blonde hair, Juicy Couture (/wiki/Juicy_Couture) . Von Dutch (/wiki/Von_Dutch) , Ed Hardy (/wiki/Don_Ed_Hardy) , skimpy skintight clothing, and McBling (/wiki/Bling_Bling) -inspired fashion accessories characterize Bimbocore. A visually similar Japanese subculture, known as Gyaru (/wiki/Gyaru) , dates back to the late 1990s. The style acts as a meta-ironic parody of the mid-2000s to early 2010s millennial girlboss (/wiki/Girlboss) feminism (/wiki/Feminism) , acknowledging that they are appealing to heteronormative (/wiki/Heteronormative) feminine (/wiki/Femininity) beauty standards (/wiki/Physical_attractiveness) and sexist stereotypes (/wiki/Sexist_stereotypes) , while being trans inclusive (/wiki/Trans_inclusive) and sex positive (/wiki/Sex-positive_movement) . [346] (#cite_note-346) Pro- sex work (/wiki/Sex_work) and pro-women's rights, Bimbocore gained popularity in leftist (/wiki/Leftist) TikTok communities. [347] (#cite_note-347) [348] (#cite_note-348) [349] (#cite_note-349) McBling, a similar aesthetic, was commonly mislabeled as Y2K. Millennial pink (/wiki/Millennial_pink) as worn by Margot Robbie (/wiki/Margot_Robbie) in the Barbie film (/wiki/Barbie_(film)) , [350] (#cite_note-350) rhinestones, small handbags (/wiki/Handbag) , large sunglasses, and pop (/wiki/Electropop) music define this aesthetic. [351] (#cite_note-351) [352] (#cite_note-352) [353] (#cite_note-353) Bimbocore was criticized for glamorizing the sugar baby (/wiki/Sugar_baby) lifestyle, bimbo feminism [354] (#cite_note-354) and adult platforms such as OnlyFans (/wiki/OnlyFans) , but that did not end the movement's popularity with Gen Z. [355] (#cite_note-355) [356] (#cite_note-356) [357] (#cite_note-357) McBling has also been thoroughly criticized for racism, whitewashing, classism, and fatphobia. [358] (#cite_note-358) [359] (#cite_note-359) [360] (#cite_note-360) Gorpcore [ edit ] Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) is a style that emerged in the late 2010s and early 2020s, coined by Jason Chef in 2017. Gorpcore incorporates tech-based, loose-fitting outdoors and camping-chic inspired styles. A significant part of this style category is defined by the earthy and muted tones often found in the range of gear included in the trend, such as olive green (/wiki/Olive_green) , khaki (/wiki/Khaki) , beige (/wiki/Beige) grey marl (/wiki/Grey) , and horizon blue (/wiki/Horizon_blue) . The style reuses and incorporates style inspirations from previous style generations and similar outdoorsy styles. The style is somewhat open for interpretation because it is fairly new, making it flexible and creative, although certain patterns and forms often help classify an outfit as gorp. [361] (#cite_note-361) Brands associated with the gorpcore aesthetic include Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) , Patagonia (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) , The North Face (/wiki/The_North_Face) , and more. The trend is considered by many to be elitist, and often the brands associated are premium brands with high price tags out of range for average wage. Apparel pieces that make up the trend include down jackets (/wiki/Down_jacket) , body warmers (/wiki/Gilet) , anoraks (/wiki/Anorak) , [362] (#cite_note-Summer_travel_clothes-362) utilitarian Eagle Creek (/wiki/Eagle_Creek_(company)) and Osprey (/wiki/Osprey_Packs) rucksacks, crew neck (/wiki/Crew_neck) and v-neck (/wiki/V_neck) t-shirts with zip pockets (/w/index.php?title=Zip_pocket&action=edit&redlink=1) , [363] (#cite_note-363) utility pants, moisture-wicking trekking (/wiki/Trekking) shirts with short sleeves and snap fasteners (/wiki/Snap_fastener) , [362] (#cite_note-Summer_travel_clothes-362) knit caps (/wiki/Knit_cap) , big headphones and racer-glasses. The fashion style attempts to align with the desire for sustainable fashion, and often relevant clothing element pieces can be found in vintage, second-hand, or thrift shops. Additionally, designer pieces that fit the mode can be found in e-commerce stores like Depop or Thred-up. The style is unisex, reflecting how people search for new ways to incorporate previously underutilized categories of utilitarian outdoor activity-related clothing into modern urban settings. [364] (#cite_note-364) [365] (#cite_note-365) [366] (#cite_note-366) [367] (#cite_note-367) Hairstyles [ edit ] Women's hairstyles [ edit ] Actress Úrsula Corberó (/wiki/%C3%9Arsula_Corber%C3%B3) with wolf cut Due to the restrictions on hair salons (/wiki/Beauty_salon) during the lockdowns, [368] (#cite_note-368) many women grew out their hair or watched tutorials to do their own hair. [369] (#cite_note-369) Popular styles included curtain bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) , [370] (#cite_note-370) 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s-inspired bangs, hair extensions (/wiki/Hair_extensions) , ponytails (/wiki/Ponytails) , twin pigtails (/wiki/Pigtail) , French braid (/wiki/French_braid) , shaggy hair (/wiki/Shag_(hairstyle)) commonly known as the "wolf cut", [371] (#cite_note-371) and natural hair (/wiki/Natural_hair) for Black American (/wiki/Black_American) women. [372] (#cite_note-372) Along with these hairstyles, 1960s-inspired beehive hairdos (/wiki/Beehive_hairdo) [373] (#cite_note-373) were popularized by British pop singers Emily Capell and Joy Crookes (/wiki/Joy_Crookes) [374] (#cite_note-374) Early 2000s fashion-inspired straightened and brightly dyed hair was made popular by Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) and Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) from 2021 to 2022. [282] (#cite_note-What_is_an_E-girl-282) Common hair accessories included pearl and sequin hair clips (/wiki/Hair_clip) , headbands, bandannas (/wiki/Bandanna) and scrunchies (/wiki/Scrunchie) . During the lockdowns of 2020–21, some women in the UK, America, and Asia experimented with DIY (/wiki/DIY) hairstyles at home, including the bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) , the crop, [375] (#cite_note-375) the partially shaved head (/wiki/Shaved_head) , bangs, and the pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) . [376] (#cite_note-376) From 2023 onwards, a longer straightened version of the bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) , sometimes dyed blonde, became popular among middle-class women in Britain and America. [377] (#cite_note-377) In 2024, ultra long hairstyles made a comeback. [378] (#cite_note-378) Men's hairstyles [ edit ] Japanese man with curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) . By 2020, full beards (/wiki/Full_beard) associated with hipster subculture (/wiki/Hipster_subculture) declined in popularity, [379] (#cite_note-Modern_Barber-379) except in parts of the Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) , Africa (/wiki/Africa) , Eastern Europe (/wiki/Eastern_Europe) , and Latin America (/wiki/Latin_America) . When worn, beards in the West have generally trimmed short [380] (#cite_note-380) to accentuate the wearer's features and facilitate masking. [381] (#cite_note-381) Hairstyles of the late 1980s, 1990s and early-to-mid-2000s such as side parted or centrally parted curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) , [382] (#cite_note-382) permed hair (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) , bleached hair (/wiki/Hair_bleaching) , the " wet mop (/wiki/Mod_haircut) ", [383] (#cite_note-383) [384] (#cite_note-384) " mullets (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) (especially in America and Australia), [385] (#cite_note-385) quiffs (/wiki/Quiff) , the " Edgar cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) ", [386] (#cite_note-386) and shaggy hair (/wiki/Shaggy_hair) [387] (#cite_note-387) came back among teenagers and young adult men due to barbershop (/wiki/Barber) closures in the UK and US as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. [388] (#cite_note-388) Many younger Black American men opted for natural hair (/wiki/Natural_hair) from 2021 onwards, especially the skin fade (/wiki/Skin_fade) , [389] (#cite_note-389) textured Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) [379] (#cite_note-Modern_Barber-379) and short versions of the afro (/wiki/Afro) or dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlock) combined with an undercut (/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)) . Meanwhile, many balding men in the UK, America, and Ireland continued to get buzz cuts (/wiki/Buzzcut) at home during the lockdown. [390] (#cite_note-390) Young males began growing mustaches in the summer of 2022, partially inspired by Miles Teller's role in Top Gun: Maverick (/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick) . [391] (#cite_note-391) [392] (#cite_note-392) [393] (#cite_note-393) Cosmetics trends [ edit ] Skincare [ edit ] Common skincare techniques in America during the early 2020s included "slugging" the face and hair with petroleum jelly (/wiki/Petroleum_jelly) . [394] (#cite_note-394) [395] (#cite_note-Sachs-395) [396] (#cite_note-396) [397] (#cite_note-397) Many Indian, European, Australian and American women and men also used sunscreen (/wiki/Sunscreen) along with vitamin C (/wiki/Vitamin_C) and retinol (/wiki/Retinol) serums in the form of a liquid, cream or gel [398] (#cite_note-398) [399] (#cite_note-399) to reduce fine lines, protect against sun damage, improve collagen production, reduce blemishes, and address pigmentation issues. [400] (#cite_note-auto4-400) [395] (#cite_note-Sachs-395) [401] (#cite_note-401) [402] (#cite_note-402) In April 2021, influencers on TikTok popularized gua sha (/wiki/Gua_sha) , a Chinese skincare technique that uses face stones to promote blood (/wiki/Blood) and energy flow (/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)) . Another Asian technique, using rice water (/wiki/Rice_water) as a hair treatment, simultaneously gained popularity in the West. [403] (#cite_note-403) Baby botox was sometimes injected into the foreheads of young women to prevent wrinkles as a preventative treatment. [404] (#cite_note-404) Makeup [ edit ] The clean girl look evolved from the previous decade's model off duty aesthetic. The term was coined during the early 2020s to characterize the makeup (/wiki/Makeup) style pioneered by American models like Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) and Lily Rose Depp (/wiki/Lily_Rose_Depp) . This casual monochromatic tone style had matching clothing sets that complemented the cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , button-down shirts, slicked-back hair, fluffy brows, dewy skin, flushed cheeks, and glossy lips. [405] (#cite_note-405) [406] (#cite_note-406) The style was focused on appearing effortlessly flawless and casual, adapting all the fashion trends from the early 2020s and giving them a muted tonal colour palette and a sexy, carefree attitude. [407] (#cite_note-407) The strong emphasis on skincare, diet, and exercise made the clean girl not only a fashion statement but a lifestyle as well, similar to her 1960s predecessor (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion#The_Single_Girl) . The aesthetic has been criticized for cultural appropriation (/wiki/Cultural_appropriation) , toxic positivity (/wiki/Toxic_positivity) , and fatphobia (/wiki/Fatphobia) , which affected its mainstream popularity. [408] (#cite_note-:8-408) [409] (#cite_note-:9-409) The maximalist graphic eyeliner trend of 2022 allowed British and American women to emphasize their eyes with vibrant colours and geometric designs. Graphic eyeliner made headlines and introduced women to new methods to experiment with facial makeup. [410] (#cite_note-410) [411] (#cite_note-411) [400] (#cite_note-auto4-400) Tattoos [ edit ] From 2021 onwards, new tattoo styles emerged among younger trendsetters (/wiki/Trendsetting) . Popular trends included colourful modern reinterpretations of traditional Japanese tattoos (/wiki/Japanese_tattoo) , psychedelic art (/wiki/Psychedelic_art) , tramp stamps (/wiki/Tramp_stamp) , minimalist (/wiki/Minimalist) black and white portraits, lightning bolts, fine art, pop culture (/wiki/Pop_culture) mashups, holograms (/wiki/Hologram) , and dot work. [412] (#cite_note-412) Other popular tattoo designs included spiritual (/wiki/Spirituality) meanings such as representations of the Buddha (/wiki/Buddha) , Hindu (/wiki/Hindu) mandalas (/wiki/Mandala) , and the tree of life (/wiki/Tree_of_life) . [413] (#cite_note-413) Tribal (/wiki/Tribal) tattoos and hyperrealistic (/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)) portraits of loved ones popular during the 2010s declined. [414] (#cite_note-414) Plastic surgery [ edit ] The Brazilian butt lift (/wiki/Brazilian_butt_lift) is a gluteal fat grafting procedure that utilizes excess fat collected from other body areas to add buttock volume and projection or adjust overall shape and symmetry. The Brazilian butt lift reached its peak media coverage in 2021, [ citation needed ] when it was declared to be "the world's most dangerous cosmetic surgery", [415] (#cite_note-415) [416] (#cite_note-416) with news headlines discussing the procedure's risks and fatalities following the procedure. [417] (#cite_note-417) [418] (#cite_note-418) [419] (#cite_note-419) [420] (#cite_note-420) The "fox eye lift" in particular, was a contentious cosmetic trend because of the strong racial connotations associated with giving someone an oriental eye shape. [421] (#cite_note-421) [422] (#cite_note-422) The concept of a positive canthal tilt (/wiki/Canthal_tilt) became a topic of discussion for men and women, due to social media platforms such as TikTok. [423] (#cite_note-423) [424] (#cite_note-424) [425] (#cite_note-425) Exhibitions [ edit ] 2020 [ edit ] "About Time: Fashion and Duration" October 26 until February 7, 2021, at the Costume Institute (/wiki/Anna_Wintour_Costume_Center) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York City. [426] (#cite_note-426) 2021 [ edit ] In America: A Lexicon of Fashion (/wiki/In_America:_A_Lexicon_of_Fashion) at the Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City 2022 [ edit ] "Fashioning Masculinities: The Art of Menswear" March 19 until November 6, 2022, at Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London [427] (#cite_note-427) "Africa Fashion" July 2 - April 16, 2023 at Victoria and Albert Museum in London [428] (#cite_note-428) 2023 [ edit ] "DIVA" June 2023 - April 2024 at Victoria and Albert Museum in London [429] (#cite_note-429) Gallery [ edit ] Singer Jack White (/wiki/Jack_White) wearing striped Madcap England blazer, 2021. Teen girl wearing early 2020s fashion trends. 2021: Nikki Phillips (/wiki/Nikki_Phillips_(model)) in Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_week) . Student in 2022. Woman attending 2022 Fashion Week. Clothes for sale in 2021. Actress Dove Cameron (/wiki/Dove_Cameron) sporting early 2020s makeup trends. The mullet (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) / shaggy hairstyle (/wiki/Shag_(haircut)) became a popular hairstyle among men. Indonesian girls wearing face masks in 2022. 2020: Blush pink dress designed by Shey Natividad for DC Fashion Week (/wiki/DC_Fashion_Week) . Stand-up comedian Kurtis Conner wearing early 2020s mullet hairstyle (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) and mustache (/wiki/Moustache) . Actor Finn Wolfhard (/wiki/Finn_Wolfhard) wearing early 2020s Indie Fashion Haim (/wiki/Haim_(band)) and Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) in glamorous, grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) -inspired all-black outfits in a 2022 concert. Elderly man dressed up in Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) in 2023 Icelandic pop artist Laufey (/wiki/Laufey_(singer)) dressed in a high-collared tank top and jeans. Contemporary Chinese Mao jacket (/wiki/Mao_jacket) , 2023. See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 2020s (/wiki/2020s) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Deconstruction (fashion) (/wiki/Deconstruction_(fashion)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Now-stalgia: why fashion is going back to the future | Fashion | The Guardian" (https://amp.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/sep/09/now-stalgia-why-fashion-is-going-back-to-the-future) . amp.theguardian.com . Retrieved 2023-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Malivindi, Diandra, ed. (27 May 2020). "9 Trends From The 2000s That Are Surprisingly Back In Style" (https://www.instylemag.com.au/2000s-fashion-trends-back-in-style) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200926131900/https://www.instylemag.com.au/2000s-fashion-trends-back-in-style) from the original on 26 September 2020 . Retrieved 25 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Gen Z Is Bringing the 2000s Back…Here's How Brands Can Keep Up" (https://www.ypulse.com/article/2020/02/18/gen-z-is-bringing-the-2000s-back-heres-how-brands-can-keep-up/) . YPulse. 18 February 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200926131858/https://www.ypulse.com/article/2020/02/18/gen-z-is-bringing-the-2000s-back-heres-how-brands-can-keep-up/) from the original on 26 September 2020 . Retrieved 25 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Shenoy, Seline (23 September 2021). "The '80s are back: 10 '80s fashion trends that are cool again" (https://kdvr.com/reviews/br/the-80s-are-back-10-80s-fashion-trends-that-are-cool-again/) . FOX31 Denver . Retrieved 2022-12-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "These 11 Fashion Trends Are Going Viral This Summer — But They're Actually From the '70s" (https://www.instyle.com/fashion/clothing/70s-summer-fashion-trends) . InStyle . Retrieved 2022-12-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Flynn, Grace (2022-05-26). "A 60s Summer: The Emerging 1960s Fashion Trends of 2022" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221202155302/https://themarketherald.com.au/fancy/1960s-fashion-trends-of-2022/) . The Market Herald Fancy . Archived from the original (https://themarketherald.com.au/fancy/1960s-fashion-trends-of-2022/) on 2022-12-02 . Retrieved 2022-12-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Ewens, Hannah (2022-12-14). "Trends Used to Come Back Round Every 20 Years. Not Anymore" (https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvmkm8/how-the-20-year-trend-cycle-collapsed) . Vice . Retrieved 2023-05-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Fashion has reached peak trendcore, and we're all tired" (https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/y3vj8m/trendcore-tiktok) . i-d.vice.com . Retrieved 2023-05-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Why is Gen Z so Obsessed with Y2K Fashion? – Early 2000s Trends Millennials '90s Nostalgia" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/gen-z-y2k-millennial-90s-fashion-nostalgia) . L'Officiel USA . Retrieved 2023-05-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Ulaby, Neda (March 1, 2022). 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Indonesian sports manufacturing brand Mills Sport, Ltd Company type Limited (/wiki/Limited_company) Industry Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) Sports Equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) Founded 2018 ; 6 years ago ( 2018 ) Founder Tjia Kong Hau [1] (#cite_note-1) Headquarters Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) , Indonesia Area served Worldwide Products Football kits (/wiki/Kit_(association_football)) , goalkeeper gloves (/wiki/Goalkeeper_gloves) , boots (/wiki/Kit_(association_football)) , sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) , basketball kits (/wiki/Basketball_uniform) Website mills.co.id (https://www.mills.co.id/id) Mills Sport is an Indonesian sport manufacturing brand of the Mitra Kreasi Garmen, Ltd. The brand was established in 2018, [2] (#cite_note-2) and it is produces jerseys, sports outfits, training equipment, etc. Sponsorships [ edit ] Association football [ edit ] National teams [ edit ] Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia_national_football_team) (2020–2024) Mills was officially announced as the apparel sponsor for the Indonesia national football team (/wiki/Indonesia_national_football_team) in February 2020. The brand, replaces the previous apparel from the United States, Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) . Mills was to launch the newest jersey for the national team on 3 April 2020, but it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia) . Club teams [ edit ] Asia Adhyaksa Farmel (/wiki/Adhyaksa_Farmel_F.C.) ASIOP (/wiki/ASIOP_F.C.) Bhayangkara (/wiki/Bhayangkara_F.C.) Nusantara United (/wiki/Nusantara_United_F.C.) [3] (#cite_note-3) Persita (/wiki/Persita_Tangerang) [4] (#cite_note-4) Europe Tranmere Rovers (/wiki/Tranmere_Rovers_F.C.) [5] (#cite_note-5) Players [ edit ] Renan Silva (/wiki/Renan_Silva) Arif Satria (/wiki/Arif_Satria) Arkhan Kaka (/wiki/Arkhan_Kaka) Cahya Supriadi (/wiki/Cahya_Supriadi) Dendy Sulistyawan (/wiki/Dendy_Sulistyawan) Ginanjar Wahyu (/wiki/Ginanjar_Wahyu) Jack Brown (/wiki/Jack_Alan_Brown) Marc Klok (/wiki/Marc_Klok) Miftah Anwar Sani (/wiki/Miftah_Anwar_Sani) Muhammad Iqbal (/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal_(footballer)) Muhammad Toha (/wiki/Muhammad_Toha_(footballer)) Ocean Erwin Lim Putu Gede (/wiki/Putu_Gede) Rangga Muslim (/wiki/Rangga_Muslim) Riyan Ardiansyah (/wiki/Riyan_Ardiansyah) Riyatno Abiyoso (/wiki/Riyatno_Abiyoso) Taisei Marukawa (/wiki/Taisei_Marukawa) Notable former players [ edit ] Bima Sakti (/wiki/Bima_Sakti) Robby Darwis (/wiki/Robby_Darwis) Rully Nere (/wiki/Rully_Nere) Widodo Cahyono Putro (/wiki/Widodo_Cahyono_Putro) Paul Munster (/wiki/Paul_Munster) Artists [ edit ] Desta (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deddy_Mahendra_Desta) Vincent Rompies (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Rompies) Basketball [ edit ] Club teams [ edit ] Bali United (https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bask%C3%A9t_Bali_United) Esports [ edit ] Club teams [ edit ] ONIC Esports (/wiki/ONIC_Esports) Futsal [ edit ] Club teams [ edit ] Cosmo JNE (/w/index.php?title=Cosmo_JNE_Jakarta&action=edit&redlink=1) Fafage Banua (/w/index.php?title=Fafage_Banua_Futsal_Club&action=edit&redlink=1) Players [ edit ] Dieguinho (/wiki/Dieguinho_(futsal_player)) Abdul Rahman Nawawi Abdussalam Aditya Ahmad Alfyanto Aldi Wanjaya Andriyana Ekayana Armia Zainul Fadlan Husein Febriand Alfindrio Felix Fortunata Guntur Sulistyo Ikhsani Fajar Jailani Ladjabini Kennet Erickson Muhammad Albagir Pieter Marchelino Ireeuw Piter Junior Reza Yamani Rizqky Hanna Roby Hilman Singgih Romana Teuku Riky Rico Zulkarnain (/wiki/Rico_Zulkarnain) Notable former players [ edit ] Andre Picessa Sayan Karmadi References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Dennys, Ferril (4 September 2021). "Mills Semakin Termotivasi Hasilkan Produk Anak Bangsa Berkelas Dunia" (https://bola.kompas.com/read/2021/09/04/21300008/mills-semakin-termotivasi-hasilkan-produk-anak-bangsa-berkelas-dunia) . Kompas.com (/wiki/Kompas.com) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 31 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Iqbal, Arif Muhammad (13 November 2022). "Setelah Empat Tahun Berdiri, Apparel Timnas Indonesia Ekspansi di Pekanbaru" (https://jakarta.suaramerdeka.com/bola/pr-1345570376/setelah-empat-tahun-berdiri-apparel-timnas-indonesia-ekspansi-di-pekanbaru) . Suara Merdeka Jakarta (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 31 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "NUFC 🤝 MILLS Dengan antusias kami umumkan bahwa @millssportid resmi menjadi mitra apparel Nusantara United FC untuk musim 2023/24! 👕" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cuouc9SLsxL/) . Instagram . Nusantara United FC. 13 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-4) @millssportid (26 May 2022). "Persita Tangerang Official Apparel for Liga 1 2022/2023!" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cdx8TZnpyRY/) . Retrieved 14 December 2022 – via Instagram. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pasi, Serafin Unus (27 August 2023). "Apparel Timnas Indonesia dan Tranmere Rovers, Mills Tersanjung Dipuji Menpora" (https://www.bola.net/bolatainment/apparel-timnas-indonesia-dan-tranmere-rovers-mills-tersanjung-dipuji-menpora-311282.html) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 31 August 2023 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.mills.co.id/id) v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. List by sport include only current products manufactured Multi-sports Acerbis (/wiki/Acerbis) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Admiral (/wiki/Admiral_Sportswear) AFA (/wiki/AFA_Sports) Alpine Pro (/wiki/Alpine_Pro) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) BLK (/wiki/BLK_(sportswear)) Burley-Sekem (/wiki/Burley-Sekem) Castore (/wiki/Castore) Champion (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) Charly (/wiki/Charly_(brand)) Classic (/wiki/Classic_Sportswear) Descente (/wiki/Descente) Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) ERKE (/wiki/ERKE) Erreà (/wiki/Erre%C3%A0) EvoShield (/wiki/EvoShield) FBT (/wiki/FBT_(company)) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Fischer (/wiki/Fischer_(company)) 4F (/wiki/4F_(company)) Garcis (/wiki/Garcis) Givova (/wiki/Givova) Grand Sport (/wiki/Grand_Sport_Group) Grays (/wiki/Grays_International) Head (/wiki/Head_(company)) Hummel (/wiki/Hummel_International) ISC (/wiki/ISC_(sportswear)) Jako (/wiki/Jako) Joma (/wiki/Joma) Kappa (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Kelme (/wiki/Kelme_(company)) Kookaburra (/wiki/Kookaburra_Sport) Le Coq Sportif (/wiki/Le_Coq_Sportif) Legea (/wiki/Legea) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Lotto (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) Luanvi (/wiki/Luanvi) Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) Macron (/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)) Majestic (/wiki/Majestic_Athletic) Mikasa (/wiki/Mikasa_Sports) Mitchell & Ness (/wiki/Mitchell_%26_Ness) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre_Sports_International) Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation) Molten (/wiki/Molten_Corporation) Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) On (/wiki/On_(company)) NAAI (/wiki/NAAI) New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) 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American creative director and artist Jenni Hensler Born Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) [1] (#cite_note-interview-1) Occupation(s) creative director, visual artist, costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , fashion stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) Website www (https://www.jennihensler.com) .jennihensler (https://www.jennihensler.com) .com (https://www.jennihensler.com) Jenni Hensler is an American creative director, visual artist, costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , and fashion stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) based in New York City. [1] (#cite_note-interview-1) [2] (#cite_note-brooklyn-2) [3] (#cite_note-wwd-3) As a freelance agent for print publications, Hensler has styled fashion editorials (/wiki/Editorials) and photo shoots (/wiki/Photo_shoot) for American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , [5] (#cite_note-italia1-5) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , [6] (#cite_note-elle-6) Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) , [7] (#cite_note-interviewmag-7) and Nylon (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) . [8] (#cite_note-nylon-8) Hensler first established herself in the fashion and music industries by working as the primary costume designer and stylist for three contemporary recording artists, namely, the gothic rock (/wiki/Gothic_rock) and doom metal (/wiki/Doom_metal) singer Chelsea Wolfe (/wiki/Chelsea_Wolfe) , [9] (#cite_note-chelsea-9) [10] (#cite_note-flaunt-10) the synth-pop (/wiki/Synth-pop) singer Zola Jesus (/wiki/Zola_Jesus) , [11] (#cite_note-stereogum-11) and the indie folk (/wiki/Indie_folk) singer Marissa Nadler (/wiki/Marissa_Nadler) . [12] (#cite_note-vapor-12) Her individually handcrafted original costumes and accessories have been showcased at the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) and Guggenheim Museum in New York (/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum) , and at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Los_Angeles) . [13] (#cite_note-newyorker-13) [14] (#cite_note-vice-14) [15] (#cite_note-air-15) In recent years, Hensler has increased and expanded her role behind the camera, working as creative director on various audiovisual productions: in 2017, she creative-directed a photo shoot for Red Bull Music Academy (/wiki/Red_Bull_Music_Academy) , [16] (#cite_note-redbull-16) and in the following year, she was credited as creative director on a short film produced by Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) and David Lynch (/wiki/David_Lynch) titled Curtains Up , as part of a project funded by the David Lynch Foundation (/wiki/David_Lynch_Foundation) , to highlight the power and effects of Transcendental Meditation (/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation) , [3] (#cite_note-wwd-3) [17] (#cite_note-curtains-17) and she was also the fashion director for techno (/wiki/Techno) DJ Black Asteroid's video "Tangiers," featuring Michèle Lamy (/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Lamy) , the wife and muse (/wiki/Muses) of fashion designer Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) . [18] (#cite_note-asteroid-18) Music videos [ edit ] Styling [ edit ] Hensler's costume and styling work can be seen in numerous music videos by a variety of artists, such as in the Chelsea Wolfe videos for the songs "Carrion Flowers," [19] (#cite_note-flowers-19) "16 Psyche," [20] (#cite_note-psyche-20) "Flatlands," [21] (#cite_note-indie-21) [22] (#cite_note-flatlands-22) "Spun," [23] (#cite_note-spun-23) and "Be All Things," [24] (#cite_note-things-24) and she has created stage costumes (/wiki/Stage_clothes) for Wolfe's concert tours (/wiki/Concert_tour) and festival (/wiki/Music_festival) appearances. [25] (#cite_note-stylist-25) [26] (#cite_note-flaunt2-26) Hensler did styling for the Zola Jesus videos for "Dangerous Days," [27] (#cite_note-dangerous-27) "Seekir," [28] (#cite_note-seekir-28) [29] (#cite_note-seekirvid-29) "Hunger," [30] (#cite_note-hunger-30) "Nail," [31] (#cite_note-nailarticle-31) [32] (#cite_note-nailvideo-32) and "Exhumed," [33] (#cite_note-exhumed-33) and the Marissa Nadler videos for "Blue Vapor" [12] (#cite_note-vapor-12) and "Dissolve," the latter of which was produced for Pitchfork.tv (/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)#History) . [34] (#cite_note-dissolve-34) In addition to those, Hensler styled the electronic (/wiki/Electronic_music) musician Black Marble (/wiki/Black_Marble) 's video for the song "Cruel Summer," [35] (#cite_note-marble-35) Australian electronic act HTRK (/wiki/HTRK) 's video for the song "Chinatown Style," [36] (#cite_note-htrk-36) indie pop (/wiki/Indie_pop) band Lower Dens (/wiki/Lower_Dens) ' video for the song "Real Thing," [37] (#cite_note-realthing-37) and the video for the collaboration between Dutch composer Jozef van Wissem (/wiki/Jozef_van_Wissem) and American filmmaker-composer Jim Jarmusch (/wiki/Jim_Jarmusch) for their minimalist (/wiki/Minimal_music) classical music piece "Etimasia." [38] (#cite_note-etimasia-38) Hensler has been a crew member (/wiki/Film_crew#Costume_department) on a number of independent (/wiki/Independent_film) narrative films (/wiki/Narrative_film) as well, including as the costume designer on the short film The Puppet Man , which features horror-film (/wiki/Horror_film) director John Carpenter (/wiki/John_Carpenter) , and which was screened at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival (/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival) . [39] (#cite_note-sundance-39) Directing [ edit ] As a music video director (/wiki/Music_video_director) , Hensler co-directed Chelsea Wolfe's video for the song "Hypnos," [40] (#cite_note-westword-40) and Zola Jesus' video for the song "Ash to Bone." [41] (#cite_note-spin-41) [42] (#cite_note-wepresent-42) [43] (#cite_note-louder-43) Visual art [ edit ] In 2017, Hensler presented her own first art exhibition (/wiki/Art_exhibition) , a multi-sensory live installation (/wiki/Installation_art) at New York's James Fuentes Gallery, titled Persona Somnia I ( Latin (/wiki/Latin) for "Dream Persona"). The exhibition featured Spanish performance artist María Forqué suspended from the ceiling by a set of intricately knotted shibari (/wiki/Japanese_bondage) ropes. [44] (#cite_note-persona-44) [45] (#cite_note-purple-45) [46] (#cite_note-forque-46) Hensler described it as "a visual, sonic and tactile exploration of a kaleidoscopic (/wiki/Kaleidoscope) , fragmented self (/wiki/Self) as it merges into a whole," [25] (#cite_note-stylist-25) and elaborated that "the exhibit explores the act of viewing as a reciprocal one... We experience ourselves as living mirrors of each other." [47] (#cite_note-viewing-47) Hensler is also a published photographer, working in 35mm (/wiki/135_film) film (/wiki/Photographic_film) and primarily taking candid portraits (/wiki/Portrait_photography) of musicians or models in black-and-white (/wiki/Black_and_white) or highly saturated (/wiki/Colorfulness) monochromatic colors (/wiki/Monochromatic_color) , and often utilizing dramatic chiaroscuro (/wiki/Chiaroscuro) lighting (/wiki/Lighting) techniques; her most recent commissioned photographic project was a series of portraits for Nasty magazine in July 2019. [48] (#cite_note-nasty-48) Influences and vision [ edit ] Hensler favors an aesthetic (/wiki/Aesthetics) that projects female power, mystery, and eroticism (/wiki/Eroticism) . The outfits that she made as a designer and stylist alternate between or juxtapose voluminous dresses, cloaks (/wiki/Cloak) , and sleeves, with bare skin and tight-fitting pieces in heavy-duty fabrics such as leather, latex, vinyl, plastic, and metal, often paired with large-sole boots or shoes, and accented with evening gloves (/wiki/Evening_glove) , headpieces (/wiki/Headpiece) , veils (/wiki/Veil) , and/or geometric (/wiki/Geometric_shape) jewelry (/wiki/Jewellery) . [7] (#cite_note-interviewmag-7) [49] (#cite_note-visual-49) [50] (#cite_note-baroness-50) She has also fashioned wearable LED lights (/wiki/Light-emitting_diode) for multiple projects, [14] (#cite_note-vice-14) [15] (#cite_note-air-15) [51] (#cite_note-vertigo-51) and has hand-painted directly onto fabric as well. [42] (#cite_note-wepresent-42) She has been said to create "witchy, borderline-spiritual looks [that] seem to draw inspiration from the occult, fetish wear, and fantasy." [25] (#cite_note-stylist-25) Her designers of choice, who serve as influences on some of her signature looks, include Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) , Maison Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Margiela) , Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) , Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) , Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) , and A.F. Vandervorst. [52] (#cite_note-fallback-52) [53] (#cite_note-reverie-53) [54] (#cite_note-zeitgeist1-54) [55] (#cite_note-zeitgeist2-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) The vision behind Hensler's clothing, videos, and art direction (/wiki/Art_director) draws on and incorporates elements of diverse eras, visual traditions, and movements (/wiki/Art_movement) , such as magic realism (/wiki/Magical_realism#Visual_art) and dark surrealism (/wiki/Surrealism) , esoteric (/wiki/Western_esotericism) and occult symbology (/wiki/List_of_Occult_symbols) , Japanese minimalism (/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics) , ancient Egypt (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) , and classical mythology (/wiki/Classical_mythology) , as various Greco-Roman motifs (/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)) , shapes, and silhouettes (/wiki/Silhouette) appear throughout her work. [57] (#cite_note-bust-57) [5] (#cite_note-italia1-5) She describes herself as being inspired by the Jungian (/wiki/Carl_Jung) concept of archetypes (/wiki/Jungian_archetypes) that inhabit humanity's collective unconscious (/wiki/Collective_unconscious) , [1] (#cite_note-interview-1) and she has said, "Creating a dream world in the waking world is a major part of what I like to do," [25] (#cite_note-stylist-25) "[m]ixing dreams with reality... One of my passions is to create ways to take others into this place. To open a part of the psyche (/wiki/Psyche_(psychology)) and create a dream-like psychedelic experience (/wiki/Psychedelic_experience) which connects everyone using minimal elements." [1] (#cite_note-interview-1) According to one fashion commentator (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) , Hensler "creates wearable works of art, melding mysticism (/wiki/Mysticism) and ethereal beauty with the strict order of natural science." [15] (#cite_note-air-15) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ahren, Anna E. (April 30, 2015). "Interview: Jenni Hensler – Persona Somnia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190420223844/http://beautifulsavage.com/culture/jenni-hensler-persona-somnia/) . Beautiful Savage . Brooklyn, NY. Archived from the original (http://beautifulsavage.com/culture/jenni-hensler-persona-somnia/) on April 20, 2019 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-brooklyn_2-0) "Chelsea Wolfe shares "Iron Moon," contributing to visual artist Jenni Hensler's new work w/ Zola Jesus, Azar Swan & more" (http://www.brooklynvegan.com/chelsea-wolfe-s-2/) . BrooklynVegan (/wiki/BrooklynVegan) . Brooklyn, NY. April 28, 2015 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Medina, Marcy (August 21, 2018). "Stella McCartney Unveils Film 'Curtains Up' on Transcendental Meditation" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/stella-mccartney-unveils-film-curtains-up-on-transcendental-meditation-1202775949/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue_4-0) Phelps, Nicole (March 8, 2018). "Drag Kings" (https://www.vogue.com/projects/13541679/drag-kings/) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Elstone, Jeff P. and Black, Madeleine (May 28, 2014). "Realm: The story of a royal family from the ancient world" (https://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-talents/video-lab/2014/05/28/realm/) . Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) . Milan, Italy . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-elle_6-0) Davis, Rebecca Willa (February 28, 2012). "Backstage Pass: Zola Jesus" (https://www.elle.com/culture/music/news/a8489/backstage-pass-zola-jesus-38342/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kaplan, Ilana (October 20, 2011). "Wolfe Eyes" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/chelsea-wolfe-apokalypsis) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-nylon_8-0) Manders, Hayden (September 8, 2017). "Born Again: Zola Jesus Is Exhumed" (https://nylon.com/articles/zola-jesus-exhumed-interview) . Nylon Magazine (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-chelsea_9-0) Way, Mish Barber (July 28, 2015). "Chelsea Wolfe's New Album Is Pure Gothic California" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/59bkea/chelsea-wolfes-new-album-is-pure-gothic-california) . i-D Magazine (/wiki/I-D) . London, UK . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-flaunt_10-0) Gulyan, Armine (September 13, 2019). "Chelsea Wolfe: The Modern American Poet" (https://www.flaunt.com/content/chelsea-wolfe) . Flaunt . Los Angeles, CA . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-stereogum_11-0) Leas, Ryan (September 29, 2014). "Zola Jesus On Going Pop And Getting Away From Civilization" (https://www.stereogum.com/1708415/qa-zola-jesus-on-going-pop-and-getting-away-from-civilization/franchises/interview/) . Stereogum (/wiki/Stereogum) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Marissa Nadler (August 7, 2019). "Blue Vapor" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDnupH9_GYc) . Marissa Nadler Music YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-newyorker_13-0) "Night Life: Zola Jesus" (https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/night-life/zola-jesus-4) . The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) . New York, NY. June 8, 2015 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kaganskiy, Julia (May 14, 2012). "Zola Jesus Shows Off A New LED Collar at Her Guggenheim Performance" (https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/pgz4ab/zola-jesus-shows-off-a-new-led-collar-at-her-guggenheim-performance-photo-slideshow) . Vice.com (/wiki/Vice_(magazine)#Website) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Air: Jenni Hensler" (https://blog.acehotel.com/post/120471281338/air-jenni-hensler) . Ace Hotel Official Blog . New York, NY. June 29, 2014 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-redbull_16-0) Mejia, Paula (August 31, 2017). "Voices From Within: The World of Zola Jesus" (https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/08/interview-zola-jesus) . Red Bull Music Academy Daily . Cologne, Germany . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-curtains_17-0) "Curtains Up" (https://www.stellamccartney.com/experience/us/curtains-up/) . StellaMcCartney.com . New York, NY. August 22, 2018 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-asteroid_18-0) MPC New York (September 8, 2017). "New Black Asteroid Video is a Battle Royale with Dark Forces from MPC Creative and Timothy Saccenti" (https://lbbonline.com/news/new-black-asteroid-video-is-a-battle-royale-with-dark-forces-from-mpc-creative-and-timothy-saccenti/) . Little Black Book . New York, NY . Retrieved September 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-flowers_19-0) Roberts, Christopher (June 24, 2015). "Watch: Chelsea Wolfe – "Carrion Flowers" Video" (http://www.undertheradarmag.com/news/watch_chelsea_wolfe_-_carrion_flowers_video/) . Under the Radar (/wiki/Under_the_Radar_(magazine)) . Los Angeles, CA . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-psyche_20-0) Chelsea Wolfe (August 14, 2017). "16 Psyche (Credits listed under the video)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sb5TszDqYE) . Sargent House (/wiki/Sargent_House) YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-indie_21-0) Chelsea Wolfe (December 14, 2012). "Indie Crooner Chelsea Wolfe Rocks Her Rad Goth-Glam Style" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/chelsea-wolfe#slide-12) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-flatlands_22-0) Chelsea Wolfe (June 21, 2012). "Flatlands (Glassroom Sessions)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgWb1d001FI) . Sargent House YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-spun_23-0) Chelsea Wolfe (October 18, 2017). "Spun" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWehEZQzvPA) . Sargent House YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-things_24-0) Chelsea Wolfe (August 14, 2019). "Be All Things" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKyX-bWK5xU) . Sargent House YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Disser, Nicole (April 21, 2015). "Stylist for Zola Jesus and Chelsea Wolfe Plans a Multi-Sensory Immersive Exhibition" (http://bedfordandbowery.com/2015/04/stylist-for-zola-jesus-and-chelsea-wolfe-plans-a-multi-sensory-immersive-exhibition/) . Bedford + Bowery . New York, NY . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-flaunt2_26-0) Wolfe, Chelsea F.C. (October 23, 2014). "When the Darkness Comes, Keep an Eye on the Light – Tour Diary: Chelsea Wolfe" (https://www.flaunt.com/content/music/darkness-comes-keep-eye-light) . Flaunt . Los Angeles, CA . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-dangerous_27-0) Zola Jesus (August 28, 2014). "Dangerous Days" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=As-issfZ2-Q) . Zola Jesus YouTube channel . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-seekir_28-0) "Zola Jesus Video Premiere: Seekir" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/13933/1/zola-jesus-video-premiere-seekir) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . July 9, 2012 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-seekirvid_29-0) Zola Jesus (July 10, 2012). "Seekir" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHRFqjGCUvU) . SouterrainTV YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-hunger_30-0) Zola Jesus (January 28, 2015). "Hunger" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMXaFE4GwQs) . Zola Jesus YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-nailarticle_31-0) Day, Laurence (August 27, 2015). "Zola Jesus is bound in a latex "sensory deprivation bed" in the video for "Nail" (https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/zola-jesus-nail-video) " (https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/zola-jesus-nail-video) . The Line of Best Fit . Retrieved November 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-nailvideo_32-0) Zola Jesus (August 27, 2015). "Nail" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHX1dU3f8qU) . Zola Jesus YouTube channel . Retrieved November 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-exhumed_33-0) Zola Jesus (August 3, 2017). "Exhumed" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4s-kGT5bFo) . Sacred Bones Records (/wiki/Sacred_Bones_Records) YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-dissolve_34-0) Marissa Nadler (September 27, 2016). "Marissa Nadler Performs "Dissolve" in an Otherworldly Session" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AiaA4MSYZ8) . Pitchfork (/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)) YouTube channel . Retrieved October 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-marble_35-0) Black Marble (October 9, 2012). "Cruel Summer" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIjHKdOe4OI) . HardlyArtRecord YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-htrk_36-0) HTRK (July 22, 2014). "Chinatown Style" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB_xAdHV0dI) . ghostlyintl YouTube channel . New York, NY . Retrieved September 29, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-realthing_37-0) Lower Dens (September 12, 2016). "Real Thing" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkYiMgiN3xM) . RibbonMusic YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-etimasia_38-0) Jozef Van Wissem and Jim Jarmusch (November 11, 2013). "Etimasia" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOiTS76FeZ4) . Sacred Bones Records YouTube channel . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-sundance_39-0) "Projects: The Puppet Man" (https://www.sundance.org/projects/the-puppet-man) . Los Angeles, CA: Sundance Institute. January 22, 2016 . Retrieved September 29, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-westword_40-0) Murphy, Tom (May 24, 2016). "Chelsea Wolfe's Dark Dream Explorations Continue With "Hypnos" (https://www.westword.com/music/chelsea-wolfes-dark-dream-explorations-continue-with-hypnos-7921219) " (https://www.westword.com/music/chelsea-wolfes-dark-dream-explorations-continue-with-hypnos-7921219) . Westword (/wiki/Westword) . Denver, CO . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-spin_41-0) Daramola, Israel (April 3, 2018). "Video: Zola Jesus – "Ash to Bone" (Johnny Jewel Remix)" (https://www.spin.com/2018/04/video-zola-jesus-ash-to-bone-johnny-jewel-remix/) . Spin (/wiki/Spin_(magazine)) . New York, NY . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Zola Jesus: What would your id look like? I wanted to wear mine on the outside" (https://wepresent.wetransfer.com/story/zola-jesus/) . WePresent (/wiki/WeTransfer#Creative_community) . New York, NY. April 4, 2018 . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-louder_43-0) Munro, Scott (April 4, 2018). "Zola Jesus premieres video for Ash To Bone remix" (https://www.loudersound.com/news/zola-jesus-premieres-video-for-ash-to-bone-remix) . Louder Than Sound . Bath, England . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-persona_44-0) Guzman, Ivan (April 26, 2017). "Persona Somnia I – Diamante con Suspencion" (http://officemagazine.net/persona-somnia-i-diamante-con-suspencion) . Office Magazine . New York, NY . Retrieved September 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-purple_45-0) Esther, Pola (April 25, 2017). "Maria Forque and Filip Custic "Patafísica: Suspensión, Fragmentación" Exhibition at James Fuentes Gallery, New York" (http://purple.fr/diary/maria-forque-filip-custic-patafisica-suspension-fragmentacion-exhibition-james-fuentes-gallery-new-york/) . Purple Magazine (/wiki/Purple_(magazine)) . Paris, France . Retrieved September 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-forque_46-0) Lee, Sunny (April 19, 2017). "Maria Forqué" (https://www.coeval-magazine.com/coeval/maria-forque) . Coeval Magazine . New York, NY . Retrieved September 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-viewing_47-0) Scarabelli, Taylore (April 21, 2017). "Now Viewing: Maria Forqué + Filip Custic" (https://www.openingceremony.com/Discovery/Culture/NOW-VIEWING-MARIA-FORQU.html) . Opening Ceremony . San Francisco, CA . Retrieved September 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-nasty_48-0) Macavei, Anca (July 15, 2019). "Zola Jesus in conversation with Anca Macavei" (http://www.nastymagazine.com/art-culture/interview-zola-jesus/) . Nasty Magazine . Milan, Italy . Retrieved September 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-visual_49-0) Giovi, Elisabetta (May 6, 2015). "Jenni Hensler – Visual Stories" (http://keepwobblin.com/2015/05/jennie-hensler-visual-stories/) . Wobblin' Betty Keeps Wobblin' . Milan, Italy . Retrieved September 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-baroness_50-0) Young, Meghan (May 16, 2012). "The Fashion Gone Rogue 'The Baroness' Editorial Stars a Somber Mila" (https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/fashion-gone-rogue-the-baroness) . Trend Hunter . Brooklyn, NY . Retrieved September 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-vertigo_51-0) Creep feat. Lou Rhodes (September 3, 2013). "Vertigo" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eL0KXkVs0wg) . OfficialCreep YouTube channel . Retrieved September 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-fallback_52-0) Zola Jesus (August 29, 2013). "Fall Back" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sV9O17Fy7Wk) . Sacred Bones Records YouTube channel . Retrieved September 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-reverie_53-0) "Zola Jesus X Reverie" (https://www.gmreverie.com/tribe/2017/8/17/zola-jesus-x-reverie) . GM Reverie Official Blog . Santa Clarita, CA. August 19, 2017 . Retrieved September 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-zeitgeist1_54-0) Rabkin, Eugene (September 28, 2015). "Chelsea Wolfe – Part I" (https://www.sz-mag.com/news/2015/09/chelsea-wolfe-part-i/) . StyleZeitgeist . New York, NY . Retrieved September 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-zeitgeist2_55-0) Rabkin, Eugene (September 29, 2015). "Chelsea Wolfe – Part II" (https://www.sz-mag.com/news/2015/09/chelsea-wolfe-part-ii/) . StyleZeitgeist . New York, NY . Retrieved September 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Schwartz, Michael (2018). A.F.Vandevorst: Ende Neu . Cannibal Publishing. p. 364. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9492677259 . ^ (#cite_ref-bust_57-0) "Interview With Zola Jesus" (https://bust.com/music/13269-interview-with-zola-jesus.html) . Bust Magazine (/wiki/Bust_(magazine)) . New York, NY. November 6, 2014 . Retrieved September 19, 2019 . 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Rwanda fashion house This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Moshions" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Moshions%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Moshions%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Moshions%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Moshions%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Moshions%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Moshions%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Moshions Product type Apparel (/wiki/Clothing) Owner Moses Twahirwa Country Rwanda Introduced 2015 Website moshions (http://moshions.rw) .rw (http://moshions.rw) Moshions is a Rwandan clothing store (/wiki/Clothing_store) , fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_design) and brand that designs apparel and accessories. It was founded in 2015 in Kigali (/wiki/Kigali) by Moses Turahirwa. [1] (#cite_note-auto4-1) [2] (#cite_note-theeastafrican-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Moshions was established in 2015 as a brand for menswear. [4] (#cite_note-4) The brand has since grown to more production segments including womenswear and accessories. [5] (#cite_note-auto1-5) The brand also outfitted Manneken Pis (/wiki/Manneken_Pis) for Rwanda Liberation Day Ceremony and robot Sophia (/wiki/Sophia_(robot)) . [2] (#cite_note-theeastafrican-2) Awards [ edit ] 2016: Made in Rwanda Emerging Enterprise of the Year Award [2] (#cite_note-theeastafrican-2) 2018: Rwanda's Best Local Fashion House by RDB [ citation needed ] 2020: Emerging Made in Rwanda Entreprise of the Year [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-auto4_1-0) "Moshions, Rwanda's top design brand eyes global shoppers" (https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/moshions-rwandas-top-design-brand-eyes-global-shoppers) . The New Times | Rwanda . August 11, 2020. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Moshions, bespoke Kigali label on global stage" (https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/moshions-bespoke-kigali-label-on-global-stage--1437194) . The East African . July 5, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "BBC World Service TV - Smart Money, Moshions: Rwanda's top designer" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p094j0gm) . BBC . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Meet the Founder of Moshions at Rwanda Fashion Conference 2019, 6th September" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220227160228/https://www.rcfs.rw/rwanda-cultural-fashion-show-modeling/rwanda-cultural-fashion-show-history-of-modeling/item/174-meet-the-founder-of-moshions-at-rwanda-fashion-conference-2019-6th-september) . www.rcfs.rw . Archived from the original (https://www.rcfs.rw/rwanda-cultural-fashion-show-modeling/rwanda-cultural-fashion-show-history-of-modeling/item/174-meet-the-founder-of-moshions-at-rwanda-fashion-conference-2019-6th-september) on 2022-02-27. ^ (#cite_ref-auto1_5-0) "#BNSatASP2022: Inside The BNStyle Cocktails and Conversations Session at the Africa Soft Power Project in Kigali, Rwanda" (https://www.bellanaijastyle.com/bnstyle-soft-power-project-in-kigali-rwanda/) . May 31, 2022. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://moshions.rw) Future heritage and fashion design: Rwandan traditional culture in the global market (https://blogg.lnu.se/unesco/?p=1630) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐xd2v6 Cached time: 20240713214555 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.265 seconds Real time usage: 0.389 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1157/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24996/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1849/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22516/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.173/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5714655/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 369.501 1 -total 28.88% 106.724 1 Template:Reflist 24.95% 92.204 5 Template:Cite_web 18.90% 69.850 1 Template:Short_description 17.73% 65.495 1 Template:Primary_sources 16.26% 60.095 1 Template:Ambox 11.79% 43.561 1 Template:Infobox_brand 10.85% 40.102 1 Template:Infobox 10.46% 38.645 2 Template:Pagetype 9.55% 35.304 1 Template:Official Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70182218-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713214555 and revision id 1109057964. 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Type of hat formerly worn by Russian nobility Boyars in the 16th-17th centuries Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) Girl in the 17th century by Andrei Ryabushkin (/wiki/Andrei_Ryabushkin) , 1903. Shows a girl wearing gorlatnaya hat and a muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) . The boyar hat ( Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) : боярская шапка , more correct Russian name is горлатная шапка, gorlatnaya hat ) was a fur (/wiki/Fur) hat worn by Russian nobility between the 15th and 17th centuries, most notably by boyars (/wiki/Boyar) , for whom it was a sign of their social status. The higher hat indicated the higher status. Tsar's entry awaited by Andrei Ryabushkin (/wiki/Andrei_Ryabushkin) . A 1901 sketch, State Tretyakov Gallery (/wiki/State_Tretyakov_Gallery) , Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) . Shows boyars (/wiki/Boyar) in Kremlin (/wiki/Kremlin) , waiting for the Russian Tsar (/wiki/Russian_Tsar) . In average, it was one ell (/wiki/Ell) in height, having the form of a cylinder (/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry)) with more broad upper part, velvet (/wiki/Velvet) or brocade (/wiki/Brocade) top and the main body made of fox (/wiki/Fox) , marten (/wiki/Marten) or sable (/wiki/Sable) fur. When taken off, the hat was often held above the forearm, between hand and elbow (/wiki/Elbow) , or worn as a muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) . When at home, the hats were preserved on wooden stands that were adorned with painted designs. [1] (#cite_note-1) Today the hats of this type are sometimes used in the Russian fashion (/wiki/Fashion) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kirsanova, Raisa. "Russia: History of Dress" (https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-around-world/russia-history-dress) . LoveToKnow . Retrieved 2021-01-10 . Киреева Е. В. «История костюма. Европейский костюм от античности до XX века.» Москва. Просвещение. 1976 / Kireeva E. V. The history of costume. European costume from Antiquity into the 20th century. Moscow, Prosvescheniye, 1976. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐csqn4 Cached time: 20240711031311 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.216 seconds Real time usage: 0.283 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 271/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2962/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 564/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4494/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.158/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14992454/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 259.439 1 -total 38.79% 100.628 1 Template:Reflist 35.36% 91.732 1 Template:Lang-ru 33.59% 87.145 1 Template:Cite_web 25.20% 65.374 1 Template:Short_description 14.49% 37.599 2 Template:Pagetype 6.40% 16.597 3 Template:Main_other 5.57% 14.447 1 Template:SDcat 0.77% 1.989 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27156227-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711031311 and revision id 1210287331. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boyar_hat&oldid=1210287331 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boyar_hat&oldid=1210287331) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 15th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) Hats (/wiki/Category:Hats) Russian clothing (/wiki/Category:Russian_clothing) Russian inventions (/wiki/Category:Russian_inventions) Fur (/wiki/Category:Fur) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing Russian-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text)
Italian fashion designer (1941–1983) Albini in 1971, photographed by Gian Paolo Barbieri (/wiki/Gian_Paolo_Barbieri) Gualtiero Angelo Albini (3 March 1941 – 31 May 1983), known professionally as Walter Albini was an Italian fashion designer who eventually started his own eponymous fashion house and became known for his gender fluid designs, with his collections featuring both male and female models. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2023, the rights to his fashion house were bought by Bidayat, an investment company created by Rachid Mohamed Rachid (/wiki/Rachid_Mohamed_Rachid) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) Early life [ edit ] Albini was born on 3 March 1941 in Busto Arszio (/wiki/Busto_Arsizio) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) as Gualtiero Angelo Albini. [4] (#cite_note-4) After graduating from the Istituto d’ Arte per il disegno di Moda (Institute of Art, Design and Fashion) in Turin (/wiki/Turin) (where he was the only and first male student) [5] (#cite_note-5) at age 17 he moved to Rome (/wiki/Rome) and started making sketches of fashion shows for different magazines and newspapers. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1961 he moved to Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) and continued making fashion sketches. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) Personal life and career [ edit ] During his time in Paris he met Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) and worked alongside Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) . [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) He left Paris in 1965 and moved to Milan (/wiki/Milan) . For his Autumn 1972 show at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , Albini designed for five different houses (Basile, Callaghan, Escargots, Misterfox and Sportfox) and displayed the collections all in one show, which occurred at the Sala d'Ora in the Circolo del Giardino (/w/index.php?title=Circolo_del_Giardino&action=edit&redlink=1) [ it (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_del_Giardino) ] and featured hundreds of models. [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) [9] (#cite_note-9) His Autumn/Winter 1973-74 show was held at the Caffè Florian (/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_Florian) in Venice (/wiki/Venice) . [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) Death [ edit ] Walter Albini died on 31 May 1983 at age 42. His cause of death is presumably of AIDS (/wiki/AIDS) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Revival [ edit ] In 2023, the rights to his fashion house were bought by Bidayat, an investment company created by Rachid Mohamed Rachid (/wiki/Rachid_Mohamed_Rachid) who is the chairman of Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) and Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) Bidayat also purchased the personal Walter Albini archive of Barbara Curti which the majority of was collected by her mother Marisa Curti, the archive includes pieces of clothing, costume jewellery, drawings, photographs and more. [11] (#cite_note-11) Legacy [ edit ] Albini has been credited as being the start of brands showing collections in Milan (/wiki/Milan) and not in Florence (/wiki/Florence) . [12] (#cite_note-12) In the 1988 book Walter Albini, lo stile nella moda , Karl Lagerfeld said that Albini had “splendid, perfect, impeccable drawings,” and that “He has been surpassed by others with more financial skills, but few can say to have his talent,”. [13] (#cite_note-:2-13) Alessandro Michele (/wiki/Alessandro_Michele) stated that Albini was an inspiration for his F/W 2016 Menswear collection for Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Albini was featured in three episodes of the 2019 TV Show Made in Italy , he was played by Gaetano Bruno. The show was directed by Luca Lucini (/wiki/Luca_Lucini) and Ago Panini. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) It was announced in an interview by WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) that Carla Sozzani (/wiki/Carla_Sozzani) was planning an exhibition for May 2024 at the Museo del Tessuto (/wiki/Museo_del_tessuto) in Prato, Italy (/wiki/Prato,_Italy) . [13] (#cite_note-:2-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Bidayat to relaunch Walter Albini" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/bidayat-to-relaunch-walter-albini) . Vogue Business . 2023-05-09 . Retrieved 2023-05-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Could Alessandro Michele be the Creative Director Behind Walter Albini's Return?" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/5/alessandro-michele-walter-albini-bidayat-creative-director-tiktok-rumors) . Hypebeast . 2023-05-09 . Retrieved 2023-05-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pengarna. "Founder" (https://bidayat.com/pages/founder) . Bidayat Group . Retrieved 2023-05-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Guia (2023-05-19). "5 things about Walter Albini every fashion student should know | I'M FIRENZE DIGEST" (https://imfirenzedigest.com/2023/05/19/5-things-about-walter-albini-every-fashion-student-should-know/) . Istituto Marangoni Firenze Digest . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "DESIGN STUDY: WALTER ALBINI" (https://www.bagtazocollection.com/blog/2015/12/28/designer-study-walter-albini) . Bagtazo . 2015-12-30 . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Albini Walter (1941 - 1983)" (https://fashion.mam-e.it/albini-water/) . fashion.mam-e.it . 2015-01-06 . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mallon, Jackie (2016-03-30). "Fashion's Unsung Designers: Walter Albini" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/fashion-s-unsung-designers-walter-albini/2016033019903) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Il grande ritorno di Walter Albini, padre spirituale della moda italiana" (https://www.elle.com/it/moda/ultime-notizie/a43862102/walter-albini-storia-rilancio-marchio/) . ELLE (in Italian). 2023-05-13 . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Dazed (2010-01-26). "Prime Mover of Fashion" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6347/1/prime-mover-of-fashion) . Dazed . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Petkanas, Christopher (2010-10-12). "The Great Heap Forward" (https://archive.nytimes.com/tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/12/the-great-heap-forward/) . T Magazine . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Walter Albini Relaunch Confirmed" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/luxury/walter-albini-relaunch-confirmed/) . The Business of Fashion . 2023-05-09 . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The rise of Milan's fashion, from 1971 to today" (https://www.nssmag.com/en/article/17308) . nss magazine . Retrieved 2023-09-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b Zargani, Luisa (2023-07-21). "Carla Sozzani on Walter Albini, Pioneer of Italy's Ready-to-wear" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/carla-sozzani-walter-albini-pioneer-italy-ready-to-wear-1235750595/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Rysman, Laura (2016-01-19). "In Milan, Gucci Celebrates the Delightfully Weird" (https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2016/01/19/t-magazine/in-milan-gucci-celebrates-the-delightfully-weird.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Anderson, Ariston (2019-03-12). "Behind the Scenes With Directors of Fashion-Focused 'Made in Italy' TV Series" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/style/behind-scenes-directors-fashion-focused-made-italy-tv-series-1194134/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Why is it so hard to talk about fashion in TV series?" (https://www.nssmag.com/en/article/24899) . nss magazine . Retrieved 2023-09-08 . Further reading [ edit ] (1988). Walter Albini, lo stile nella moda . Zanfi Editori. Frisa, Maria Luisa; Tonchi, Stefano (/wiki/Stefano_Tonchi) (2010). Walter Albini and His Times: All Power to the Imagination. Marsilio. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 88-317-9968-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-317-9968-1) External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.walteralbini.org) Walter Albini (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/walter-albini/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐vqhps Cached time: 20240623212603 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.505 seconds Real time usage: 0.696 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1220/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26946/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 745/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 61315/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.318/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5178279/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 632.438 1 -total 58.03% 366.988 1 Template:Reflist 48.23% 305.054 15 Template:Cite_web 20.20% 127.767 1 Template:ISBN 16.73% 105.800 1 Template:Short_description 16.60% 104.964 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 9.64% 60.976 2 Template:Pagetype 4.37% 27.606 5 Template:Main_other 3.52% 22.273 1 Template:SDcat 2.55% 16.117 1 Template:Ill Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73767785-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623212603 and revision id 1222596997. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Albini&oldid=1222596997 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Albini&oldid=1222596997) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Italian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Italian_fashion_designers) 1941 births (/wiki/Category:1941_births) 1983 deaths (/wiki/Category:1983_deaths) People from Busto Arsizio (/wiki/Category:People_from_Busto_Arsizio) Hidden categories: CS1 Italian-language sources (it) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
Australian fashion photographer Peter Bainbridge Born Peter Bainbridge Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia Citizenship Australian Occupation Silkscreen Artist Years active 2008– present Known for Silkscreen prints Spouse Rose Borg "Girls with Black Chefs Hats" by Peter Bainbridge Peter Bainbridge (born 1957 in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) ) is a silkscreen artist. [1] (#cite_note-1) He was a clothing artist Illustrator during the 80-90's and became a fashion photographer until 2009. He then published his own fashion arts broadsheet magazine in 2010 which the Sydney Morning Herald asked him to partner after seeing the first issue. He has exhibited his clothes and knitwear together with partner Rose Borg at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London, America and Japan. He was commissioned by the National Gallery (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia) in Canberra and the Powerhouse Museum (/wiki/Powerhouse_Museum) in Sydney for their permanent collections. [2] (#cite_note-2) Peter started shooting fashion in 1994, and owned and operated Bluefish Hire Studio in Darlinghurst (/wiki/Darlinghurst) together with Rose Borg. The New South Wales state library has purchased peters silkscreen work. And is currently the fashion illustrator at Australian.New Zealand's Harper's Bazaar [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "STC - Template" (https://nga.gov.au/template/search-the-collection/) . National Gallery of Australia . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "D*Hub" (https://maas.museum/dhub/) . Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences . Retrieved 22 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Printmaking, Prints and. "VAIN EXTREMITIES" (http://www.printsandprintmaking.gov.au/artists/10519/) . www.printsandprintmaking.gov.au . Retrieved 22 February 2020 . External links [ edit ] https://www.peter-bainbridge-artist.com/ (https://www.peter-bainbridge-artist.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/389124) This article about an Australian photographer is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bainbridge_(silkscreen_artist)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐pprsn Cached time: 20240713080905 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.343 seconds Real time usage: 0.474 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1837/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15440/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1431/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21421/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4981234/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 433.878 1 -total 27.08% 117.503 1 Template:Infobox_person 23.90% 103.679 1 Template:Reflist 21.04% 91.306 3 Template:Cite_web 18.88% 81.899 1 Template:Authority_control 17.55% 76.126 1 Template:Short_description 10.42% 45.218 2 Template:Pagetype 7.86% 34.124 17 Template:Main_other 7.17% 31.125 1 Template:Australia-photographer-stub 6.65% 28.834 1 Template:Asbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22339490-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713080905 and revision id 1196115366. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bainbridge_(silkscreen_artist)&oldid=1196115366 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bainbridge_(silkscreen_artist)&oldid=1196115366) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Australian artists (/wiki/Category:Australian_artists) 1957 births (/wiki/Category:1957_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Photographer stubs (/wiki/Category:Photographer_stubs) Australian artist stubs (/wiki/Category:Australian_artist_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from July 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2015) Use Australian English from July 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_July_2015) All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with PIC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PIC_identifiers) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Aigle (company) (/wiki/Aigle_(company)) Anine Bing (/wiki/Anine_Bing) Aristoc (/wiki/Aristoc) Arne & Carlos (/wiki/Arne_%26_Carlos) B Bali (lingerie) (/wiki/Bali_(lingerie)) Barry M (/wiki/Barry_M) Bettanin & Venturi (/wiki/Bettanin_%26_Venturi) Brunello Cucinelli (brand) (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli_(brand)) Buffalo (footwear) (/wiki/Buffalo_(footwear)) C Calzedonia (/wiki/Calzedonia) Carmen Steffens (/wiki/Carmen_Steffens) Children's Apparel Network (/wiki/Children%27s_Apparel_Network) Club Factory (/wiki/Club_Factory) Crispa (clothing brand) (/wiki/Crispa_(clothing_brand)) Cushnie (fashion house) (/wiki/Cushnie_(fashion_house)) Customatix (/wiki/Customatix) D The Different Company (/wiki/The_Different_Company) DuoBoots (/wiki/DuoBoots) E E. Thomas (/wiki/E._Thomas) Edwin (company) (/wiki/Edwin_(company)) Eider (brand) (/wiki/Eider_(brand)) Elizabeth Suzann (/wiki/Elizabeth_Suzann) Ella Moss (/wiki/Ella_Moss) Enyce (/wiki/Enyce) Equipment (clothing brand) (/wiki/Equipment_(clothing_brand)) Eva Danielle (/wiki/Eva_Danielle) Everybody.World (/wiki/Everybody.World) F Fairfax & Favor (/wiki/Fairfax_%26_Favor) Ferrino (company) (/wiki/Ferrino_(company)) Franck Sorbier (/wiki/Franck_Sorbier) FTL Moda (/wiki/FTL_Moda) Fuqi International (/wiki/Fuqi_International) G Georgine (brand) (/wiki/Georgine_(brand)) Gerbe (lingerie) (/wiki/Gerbe_(lingerie)) Gianfranco Lotti (/wiki/Gianfranco_Lotti) Giglio (company) (/wiki/Giglio_(company)) Ginza Motoji (/wiki/Ginza_Motoji) Gola (brand) (/wiki/Gola_(brand)) Gotstyle (/wiki/Gotstyle) Gravati (/wiki/Gravati) Great Western Garment Co. (/wiki/Great_Western_Garment_Co.) Gypsy Sport (/wiki/Gypsy_Sport) H Hartmann Luggage (/wiki/Hartmann_Luggage) Hi Life Fashion Exhibitions (/wiki/Hi_Life_Fashion_Exhibitions) House of Diehl (/wiki/House_of_Diehl) I I.T (/wiki/I.T) Intermix (fashion) (/wiki/Intermix_(fashion)) International Clothing Designs (/wiki/International_Clothing_Designs) Intimissimi (/wiki/Intimissimi) Ipa-Nima (/wiki/Ipa-Nima) Izzue (/wiki/Izzue) J John Paul Mitchell Systems (/wiki/John_Paul_Mitchell_Systems) K Kahn & Bell (/wiki/Kahn_%26_Bell) Kenvelo (/wiki/Kenvelo) KR3W (/wiki/KR3W) Kujo (/wiki/Kujo) L Levante (hosiery) (/wiki/Levante_(hosiery)) London Denim (/wiki/London_Denim) Luisaviaroma (/wiki/Luisaviaroma) M Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) N Narumiya International (/wiki/Narumiya_International) Nishat Linen (/wiki/Nishat_Linen) No Sweat Apparel (/wiki/No_Sweat_Apparel) Nudie Jeans (/wiki/Nudie_Jeans) O Obey (clothing) (/wiki/Obey_(clothing)) P Peach John (/wiki/Peach_John) Peter England (/wiki/Peter_England) PimComedy Fashion Show (/wiki/PimComedy_Fashion_Show) Pronovias (/wiki/Pronovias) R Ritte Cycles (/wiki/Ritte_Cycles) Riva Fashion (/wiki/Riva_Fashion) Roger & Gallet (/wiki/Roger_%26_Gallet) S SAFiYAA (/wiki/SAFiYAA) Sasson Jeans (/wiki/Sasson_Jeans) Silver Jeans Co. (/wiki/Silver_Jeans_Co.) Simod (/wiki/Simod) Simple Shoes (/wiki/Simple_Shoes) Sinful Colors (/wiki/Sinful_Colors) String Ting (/wiki/String_Ting) Swiss Barefoot Company (/wiki/Swiss_Barefoot_Company) T Tibi (fashion brand) (/wiki/Tibi_(fashion_brand)) True & Co. (/wiki/True_%26_Co.) U Underground Printing (/wiki/Underground_Printing) The Utilikilts Company (/wiki/The_Utilikilts_Company) V Vessi (/wiki/Vessi) W J. M. Weston (/wiki/J._M._Weston) Wheels & Dollbaby (/wiki/Wheels_%26_Dollbaby) Y YMI Jeans (/wiki/YMI_Jeans) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_company_stubs&oldid=577704994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_company_stubs&oldid=577704994) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) Stub categories (/wiki/Category:Stub_categories) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Company stubs (/wiki/Category:Company_stubs) Clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands) Hidden category: Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Last edited by 2603:7000:5143:8E00:650A:2584:80C8:5090 (/w/index.php?title=User:2603:7000:5143:8E00:650A:2584:80C8:5090&action=edit&redlink=1) 35 hours ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Wyneep&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. (Amadea) Angela Aquino Born October 9, 1978 Education St.Scholastica's College (High school) De La Salle University in Manila (BA in Business and Marketing) New York Real Estate Institute (Real Estate Development) Organization Equal Rights for Children Political party Democratic Website https://www.equalrightsforchildren.org (https://www.equalrightsforchildren.org) Amadea Angela Aquino (aka Angela Aquino - born October 9, 1978), is an Asian American human rights advocate based in New York City. She is the founder of Equal Rights for Children (https://www.equalrightsforchildren.org) , a non-profit organization, advocating for the rights of marginalized children, such as those born out of wedlock, recruited into terrorism and those with undocumented status. [1] (#cite_note-first-1) Aquino was the petitioner of a big landmark case Aquino vs Aquino GR 208912. [2] (#cite_note-second-2) The Philippine Supreme Court ruled unanimously in her favor, with the decision penned by Supreme Court Justice Marvic Leonen (/wiki/Marvic_Leonen) . [2] (#cite_note-second-2) This ruling struck down a 300-year-old Iron Curtain Rule (https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-revisits-iron-curtain-rule-in-succession-law-upholds-best-interest-of-the-child/) , setting forth a new legal doctrine allowing children born to unmarried parents to obtain an inheritance through their grandparents. [3] (#cite_note-third-3) This redefines succession laws for children born out of wedlock. [4] (#cite_note-fourth-4) Aquino is a candidate for the 2025 Public Advocate elections in New York City. Where she will be competing against encumbent Jumaane Williams as a democratic Nominee for 2025 Primary Election. As a candidate her platform focuses on advocating for Mental Health, Develop Affordable Housing Projects, encourage International Businesses to invest in New York City Communities, and Peace and Order. She also plans to promote a platform that will provide literacy on Middle East issues, Terrorism that aims to promote for unity, respect and deal with issues that affects New Yorkers daily such as anti-semitism and Islamophobia. Angela’s Advocacy against Children being Recruited by terrorists began when her Uncle United Nations Ambassador Libran Cabactulan a life long career diplomat sphere headed a rescue operation of children who were jailed in Middle East and were to be trafficked as children “ soldiers” by terrorist organizations. From this Aquino saw the importance of Relationships and thinking out of the box to resolve high conflict and the power of advocacy for the people who are most vulnerable and in need. https://armatecglobal.com/ambassador-libran-n-cabactulan/ (https://armatecglobal.com/ambassador-libran-n-cabactulan/) Sadly this is a Global situation that has not yet reached main stream attention in which the United Nations Children of Armed Conflict faces challenges in resolving as hundred of thousands of vulnerable children all over the world are being recruited into. Angela’s goal in the advocacy is to create a strong social awareness that will create a pressure to global leaders to resolve this issue in their home countries. Angela’s Human Rights and Children’s Rights advocacy stemmed from decades long of fighting for Justice herself and understands the impact of legislations in People Lives and the importance of Law Makers and Law Decision Makers in putting action into laws that will provide relief, protection and liberty to the oppressed. Early life and education [ edit ] Aquino was born on October 9, 1978, the only daughter of Susan Kuan, a Chinese Immigrant, and Arturo Cabaguio Aquino, a Spanish-Filipino real estate developer. [5] (#cite_note-sixth-5) Aquino attended St.Scholastica's College (/wiki/St._Scholastica%27s_College,_Manila) , a private high school in Manila. She received a Bachelor of Arts in Business and Marketing from De La Salle University in Manila (/wiki/De_La_Salle_University) , Philippines. [6] (#cite_note-seventh-6) Aquino also studied Real estate development at the New York Real Estate Institute (https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=new+york+real+estate+instiute&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&dlnr=1&sei=ZVyIZpiGDcr_ptQPxpKVqAk#dlnr=1/) in Manhattan. Landmark Case: Aquino vs Aquino GR 208912 [2] (#cite_note-second-2) [ edit ] Aquino’s father passed away before marrying her mother, resulting in her being classified as an illegitimate child. [5] (#cite_note-sixth-5) Despite this, her grandfather, Miguel Aquino, recognized her as his own and provided for her. However, upon her grandfather's death, she was denied her inheritance due to the Philippine legal system, which restricted inheritance rights for illegitimate children. [4] (#cite_note-fourth-4) When Aquino first petitioned her case, the Office of the Solicitor (OSG) Solicitor General Jose Calida (/wiki/Jose_Calida) claimed that without her father's will or other legal documents, she was barred from establishing her filiation. [7] (#cite_note-eighth-7) Aquino responded by arguing that it was "unreasonable, illogical, and even absurd" to demand a document signed by her deceased father, stating a "dead man cannot sign a document to prove the filiation of his child." [7] (#cite_note-eighth-7) Aquino pursued her rights through a nearly two-decade legal battle. In the landmark case Aquino vs. Aquino (GR 313149), she ultimately prevailed with a unanimous 15-0 decision by the Philippine Supreme Court, authored by Justice Marivic Leonen, a progressive jurist and Columbia University alumnus. [8] (#cite_note-ninth-8) The 47-page ruling redefined succession laws, allowing illegitimate children to inherit from their grandparents, and struck down the 300-year-old Iron Curtain Rule (Article 992). [9] (#cite_note-tenth-9) Equal Rights for Children [1] (#cite_note-first-1) [ edit ] Aquino launched the non-profit organization Equal Rights for Children in December 2021 to raise awareness for children's rights. Equal Rights for Children follows the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) [10] (#cite_note-eleventh-10) . The organization focuses on raising awareness for marginalized groups, such as child soldiers and undocumented children. [1] (#cite_note-first-1) Angela Aquino at Couture Fashion Week, an fashion event for Equal Rights for Children The platform has gained attention and support from various industries, including fashion, film, and the arts, to raise awareness and promote solutions for these global issues. This includes support from Manny Pacquiao (/wiki/Manny_Pacquiao) , who sponsored the Couture Fashion Week (https://www.couturefashionweek.com) at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) for the organization. [11] (#cite_note-twelve-11) Film [ edit ] Aquino has experience in the film industry. She is currently collaborating with Mandala Productions [12] (#cite_note-12) on Chiaroscuro (an Italian word that means "light-dark"), a fictional memoir dedicated to her father that advocates for children recruited for war. [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Equal Rights for Children" (https://www.equalrightsforchildren.org) . ^ a b c "Supreme Court E-Library" (https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/68154) . ^ (#cite_ref-third_3-0) "Case Digest (G.R. No. 208912)" (https://jur.ph/jurisprudence/summary/aquino-v-aquino) . December 6, 2021. ^ a b "Maggie Aquino SC Petition Illegitimate Children" (https://www.rappler.com/philippines/240354-maggie-aquino-sc-petition-illegitimate-children/) . 17 September 2019. ^ a b "Amadea Angela K. Aquino, Petitioner, vs. Rodolfo C. Aquino and Abbulah C. Aquino, Respondents" (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/dec2021/gr_208912_caguioa.html#:~:text=As%20the%20records%20show%2C%20Amadea,he%20could%20marry%20her%20mother.) . December 7, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-seventh_6-0) "Aquino vs Aquino Memorandum" (https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/amadea-memo.pdf) (PDF) . May 29, 2015. ^ a b "Supreme Court tackles inheritance rights of illegitimate children" (https://www.rappler.com/philippines/237580-supreme-court-tackles-inheritance-rights-illegitimate-children/) . 12 August 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-ninth_8-0) "Philippine Supreme Court rules that children born out of wedlock can also inherit" (https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Philippine-Supreme-Court-rules-that-children-born-out-of-wedlock-can-also-inherit-55488.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-tenth_9-0) "Landmark decision SC revisits Iron Curtain Rule Inheritance nonmarital children" (https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/03/31/2171301/landmark-decision-sc-revisits-iron-curtain-rule-inheritance-non-marital-children) . The Philippine STAR (/wiki/The_Philippine_STAR) . ^ (#cite_ref-eleventh_10-0) "Angela Aquino's message to the ambassadors of the United Nations" (https://fye-yemen.net/angela-aquinos-message-to-the-ambassadors-of-the-united-nation/) . 17 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-twelve_11-0) "Couture Fashion Week Partners With Equal Rights For Children To Promote Legitimacy And Sustainable Development" (https://godoctoratego.newswire.com/event/couture-fashion-week-partners-with-equal-rights-for-children-to-promote) (Press release). ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Chiaroscuro" (https://teammandala.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Mandala Productions" (https://teammandala.com/festivals-and-markets) . 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Ceremonial robe The durrāʿah was a ceremonial robe worn by the Abbasid (/wiki/Abbasid) court from the time of caliph al-Mansur (/wiki/Al-Mansur) (r. 754–775) until it was replaced by the shorter qabāʾ in the mid-9th century. It was black, the official colour of the Abbasid dynasty, and was closed in the front by buttons. Its use as court dress for civilian and military officials—but not religious, who wore the ṭaylasān instead—gave it great prestige. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth199131–32_(note_120)-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth199131–32_(note_120)_1-0) Bosworth 1991 (#CITEREFBosworth1991) , pp. 31–32 (note 120). Sources [ edit ] Bosworth, C. E. (/wiki/C.E._Bosworth) , ed. (1991). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIII: Storm and Stress along the Northern Frontiers of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate. The Caliphate of al-Mu'tasim, A.D. 833–842/A.H. 218–227 . Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7914-0493-5 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐77csn Cached time: 20240717213145 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.177 seconds Real time usage: 0.232 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 315/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3967/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 430/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3900/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.119/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3797584/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 220.913 1 -total 41.60% 91.910 1 Template:Cite_book 38.00% 83.949 1 Template:Short_description 22.68% 50.107 2 Template:Pagetype 13.71% 30.294 1 Template:Sfn 9.27% 20.487 4 Template:Main_other 8.07% 17.825 1 Template:SDcat 6.52% 14.395 1 Template:Reflist 1.16% 2.561 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52204562-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717213145 and revision id 1032835547. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durra%27ah&oldid=1032835547 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durra%27ah&oldid=1032835547) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) Abbasid Caliphate (/wiki/Category:Abbasid_Caliphate) Court uniforms and dress (/wiki/Category:Court_uniforms_and_dress) Arabic clothing (/wiki/Category:Arabic_clothing) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
This article was nominated (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion) for deletion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . The discussion was closed on 21 July 2024 with a consensus to merge (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) the content into the article Wedding of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant (/wiki/Wedding_of_Anant_Ambani_and_Radhika_Merchant) . If you find that such action has not been taken promptly, please consider assisting in the merger instead of re-nominating the article for deletion. To discuss the merger, please use the destination article's talk page (/wiki/Talk:Wedding_of_Anant_Ambani_and_Radhika_Merchant) . ( July 2024 ) Describes the fashion and style of Radhika Merchant This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fashion_of_Radhika_Merchant) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Fashion_of_Radhika_Merchant) . 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Find sources: "Fashion of Radhika Merchant" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fashion+of+Radhika+Merchant%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fashion+of+Radhika+Merchant%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fashion+of+Radhika+Merchant%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fashion+of+Radhika+Merchant%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fashion+of+Radhika+Merchant%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fashion+of+Radhika+Merchant%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Radhika wore her wedding lehenga (/wiki/Wedding_lehenga_of_Radhika_Merchant) (left) and the her Arangetram (/wiki/Arangetram_(dance)) The fashion of Radhika Merchant (/wiki/Radhika_Merchant) , has had a substantial impact on the clothing industry ever since the public revelation of her relationship with businessman Anant Ambani (/wiki/Anant_Ambani) in 2017 until leading up to her wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Anant_Ambani_and_Radhika_Merchant) in 2024. [1] (#cite_note-1) Fashion and style [ edit ] Radhika wore a custom-made rose gold and pink Versace (/wiki/Versace) , which brought to mind Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) 's 2022 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) ensemble. This ensemble embodied grace and elegance, especially when paired with an extravagant diamond necklace. During her wedding festivities Radhika wowed everyone with her exquisite dupatta made of fresh flowers for her Haldi (/wiki/Haldi_(ceremony)) . The floral dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) perfectly complemented the vibrant yellow lehenga designed by ace designer Anamika Khanna (/wiki/Anamika_Khanna) . The intricately woven dupatta featured 90 yellow marigold flowers and thousands of fresh jasmine buds. She paired the outfit with custom-made floral jewellery which took around six hours to complete. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) On the Sangeet (/wiki/Sangeet_(music)) night of Radhika Merchant she looked dazzling in a golden lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) adorned with 25,000 Swarovski crystals. [4] (#cite_note-4) The skirt featured 3D floral prints too. The lehenga designed by designer Manish Malhotra (/wiki/Manish_Malhotra) was inspired by Victorian aesthetics (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) During her luxury cruise pre wedding function Radhika wore the bespoke gold sculpted dress that she wore for a theme party was from the Grace Ling couture. The golden gown created by merging gold and silver shades using aerospace aluminium technology created waves in the fashion industry. She completed the look with a pair of gold earrings and loose tresses. Fashion experts call this outfit a perfect fusion of art and technology. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) For one of the events, Radhika Merchant wore a gown by Robert Wun (/wiki/Robert_Wun) and added her own sentimental touch to it. The gown was imprinted with Anant Ambani (/wiki/Anant_Ambani) 's love letter (/wiki/Love_letter) that he gave to Radhika on her 22nd birthday. [9] (#cite_note-9) Styled by Rhea Kapoor (/wiki/Rhea_Kapoor) , the dreamy dress impressed many people and eventually becoming one of the most sensational dresses Radhika ever wore at a pre wedding event. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) On her wedding day the wedding lehenga (/wiki/Wedding_lehenga_of_Radhika_Merchant) was designed by Sandeep Khosla (/wiki/Sandeep_Khosla) , Radhika's bridal lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) featured exquisite zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) cut-work with Gujarati (/wiki/Gujarat) cultural significance, a trailing ghagra (/wiki/Ghagra) with a second detachable trail, a 5-meter head veil, a blouse, and a tissue shoulder dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The ghagra, adorned with three borders of red, showcased the finest amalgamation of naqshi, saadi, and zardozi, with intricate floral booties decorated with stones, sequins, tamba tikkis, and red resham (/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) . [13] (#cite_note-13) The head veil featured delicate jaali (/wiki/Jali) and cut-work, while the detachable trail boasted an 80-inch zardozi marvel. The fully embroidered red shoulder dupatta added maximal drama to the silhouette. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Her lehenga also featured a personalised "AR" brooch which represents the initials of her name and her husband Anant (/wiki/Anant_Ambani) 's name. [16] (#cite_note-16) Her post-wedding lehenga's 12 panels were hand-painted on special Italian canvas. [17] (#cite_note-17) The garment featured Jayasri Burman (/wiki/Jayasri_Burman) 's signature mythical aesthetic, celebrating Anant and Radhika's union through deeply meaningful imagery. Human figures representing the happy couple radiated a celestial aura, honoring the divinity in their love. The fauna reflected Anant's fondness for animals, particularly elephants, which were considered auspicious and beautiful. Blushing lotuses symbolized the purity of the couple's hearts and were also a hallmark of Abu Sandeep's style. The craftsmanship included meticulous hand embroidery with real gold zardozi. A glittering sea of sequins adorned the intricate spaces of Jayasri's art. The lehenga was paired with a blouse entirely hand-embroidered in resham (/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) by Abu Jani Sandeep Khosla (/wiki/Sandeep_Khosla) 's master craftsmen. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) See also [ edit ] Wedding lehenga of Radhika Merchant (/wiki/Wedding_lehenga_of_Radhika_Merchant) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Radhika Merchant's Pre-Wedding Fashion Rundown" (https://www.grazia.co.in/fashion/radhika-merchants-pre-wedding-fashion-rundown-12792.html) . www.grazia.co.in . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "From Radhika Merchant to Katrina Kaif, meet the designer who makes floral jewellery for weddings" (https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/from-radhika-merchant-to-katrina-kaif-meet-the-designer-who-makes-floral-jewellery-for-weddings/article68392328.ece) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Radhika Merchant's 'phool' jewellery for haldi ceremony took six hours and five people to design, reveals artist" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/radhika-merchant-jewellery-haldi-anant-ambanis-antilia-phoolon-ki-chaadar-hours-people-9444171/) . Indian express . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Radhika Merchant Oozes Elegances In A Swarovski Diamond-Encrusted Gold Motif Lehenga For 'Sangeet' (https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/radhika-merchant-oozes-elegance-in-an-abu-jani-sandeep-khosla-diamond-encrusted-lehenga-for-sangeet-54046) " (https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/radhika-merchant-oozes-elegance-in-an-abu-jani-sandeep-khosla-diamond-encrusted-lehenga-for-sangeet-54046) . www.bollywoodshaadis.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Radhika Merchant Dazzles In Custom MM Lehenga With 25000 Swarovski And 3D Floral Detail On 'Sangeet' (https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/radhika-merchant-turns-a-dancing-doll-in-custom-mm-lehenga-54121) " (https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/radhika-merchant-turns-a-dancing-doll-in-custom-mm-lehenga-54121) . www.bollywoodshaadis.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Anant Ambani-Radhika Merchant's sangeet: Anant's regal real gold zari jacket and Radhika's Swarovski crystal-adorned ASJK lehenga epitomize luxury" (https://www.pinkvilla.com/fashion/CelebFashion/anant-ambani-and-radhika-merchant-are-shining-in-shimmering-silver-and-gold-ajsk-ensembles-wrapped-in-love-1324829) . Pinkvilla (/wiki/Pinkvilla) . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant's pre-wedding celebrations continue with a multi-day Mediterranean cruise" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/anant-ambani-and-radhika-merchants-prewedding-celebrations-continue-with-a-multiday-mediterranean-cruise/image-gallery/a8566a120afecd21e783eb56c3bcb0e5) . www.vogue.com.a . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Radhika Merchant's spectacular pre-wedding dress in gold bodice goes viral" (https://www.moneycontrol.com/lifestyle/radhika-merchants-spectacular-pre-wedding-dress-in-gold-bodice-goes-viral-article-12751347.html) . www.moneycontrol.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Pics: Radhika Merchant Wears Custom Dress Featuring Anant Ambani's Love Letter" (https://www.thequint.com/photos/pics-radhika-merchant-stuns-in-a-love-letter-dress-for-her-pre-wedding-event) . www.thequint.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Radhika Merchant Printed Anant Ambani's Love Letter On Her Pre-Wedding Dress; Here's What Was Written On It" (https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/77426/radhika-merchant-printed-anant-ambanis-love-letter-on-her-pre-wedding-dress-heres-what-was-written-o) . / . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Radhika Merchant's stunning pre-wedding gown, embellished with Anant Ambani's romantic love letter, steals the spotlight" (https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/77426/radhika-merchant-printed-anant-ambanis-love-letter-on-her-pre-wedding-dress-heres-what-was-written-o) . www.hindustantimes.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "How Radhika Merchant's Panetar lehenga symbolises Gujarati connect" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/how-radhika-merchants-panetar-lehenga-symbolises-gujarati-connect-9450543/) . indianexpress.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-13) " (https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/radhika-merchant-picked-abu-jani-sandeep-khosla-lehenga-for-wedding-day-54283) 'Dulhan' Radhika Merchant Wore A 'Panetar' Lehenga With A 5-Meter-Long Trail For Wedding Day" (https://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/articles/radhika-merchant-picked-abu-jani-sandeep-khosla-lehenga-for-wedding-day-54283) . www.bollywoodshaadis.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Radhika Merchant's wedding lehenga decoded: From designer to stylist, know all about her bridal look" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/radhika-merchants-wedding-lehenga-decoded-from-designer-to-stylist-know-all-about-her-bridal-look/articleshow/111707287.cms?from=mdr) . economictimes.indiatimes.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Inside the Ambani wedding: Radhika Merchant makes for a stunning bride" (https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/style/fashion/full-wedding-looks-of-ambani-ladies-radhika-merchant-nita-ambani-isha-ambani-shloka-mehta-ambani/#google_vignette) . www.lifestyleasia.com . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Radhika Merchant wore a personalised 'AR brooch' on her 'Panetar' wedding lehenga and a stunning AR ring too!" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/radhika-merchant-wore-a-personalised-ar-brooch-on-her-panetar-wedding-lehenga-and-a-stunning-ar-ring-too/articleshow/111713832.cms) . Times Of India (/wiki/Times_Of_India) . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Newly-wed Radhika Merchant wears hand painted lehenga by artist Jayasri Burman depicting her union with Anant Ambani" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/ajsk-jayasri-burman-radhika-merchant-hand-painted-lehenga-anant-ambani-9451502/) . Times Of India (/wiki/Times_Of_India) . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Shubh Aashirwad: Radhika Merchant's post-wedding lehenga is hand-painted!" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/buzz/shubh-aashirwad-radhika-merchants-post-wedding-lehenga-is-hand-painted/articleshow/111716465.cms) . Times Of India (/wiki/Times_Of_India) . 13 July 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Shubh Aashirwad: Radhika Merchant's post-wedding lehenga is hand-painted!" (https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/fashion/celeb-style/radhika-merchants-hand-painted-lehenga-featuring-real-gold-zardozi-for-first-look-as-an-ambani-is-nothing-short-of-art-article-111716524) . Times Of India (/wiki/Times_Of_India) . 13 July 2024. 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US-based fast fashion retail company. Fashion Nova, Inc. Company type Store Industry Retail Founded 2006 ; 18 years ago ( 2006 ) Founder Richard Saghian (/wiki/Richard_Saghian) Headquarters Los Angeles, California (/wiki/California) , U.S. Number of locations 5 Area served Worldwide Products Clothing Number of employees 600 [1] (#cite_note-1) Website www.fashionnova.com (https://www.fashionnova.com/) Fashion Nova is an American fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) retail company. The company primarily operates online, but it also has five brick-and-mortar (/wiki/Brick-and-mortar) locations. Fashion Nova is known to use affiliate marketing (/wiki/Affiliate_marketing) , particularly on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . Models, celebrities, and other customers receive payments or free clothing in exchange for generating publicity about the company. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-wwd-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] Fashion Nova was founded in 2006 by its CEO Richard Saghian, [5] (#cite_note-5) who started his career in the retail industry by working at his father's clothing boutique located in Los Angeles. [3] (#cite_note-wwd-3) Fashion Nova opened its first location in Panorama City, Los Angeles (/wiki/Panorama_City,_Los_Angeles) inside the Panorama Mall, selling inexpensive club-wear attire. In 2013, Saghian launched the e-commerce website for Fashion Nova. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2016, Fashion Nova launched the Curve Collection. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2018, the company expanded to menswear (/wiki/Menswear) with the release of their Fashion Nova Men's line. [8] (#cite_note-8) In August 2020, Fashion Nova announced reforms to its contracting practices in support of California's proposed bill, SB 1399, that includes a mandate that its contractors and subcontractors agree to random independent audits and that their workers are paid the applicable minimum wage, which in Los Angeles is scheduled to rise to $15 an hour for employers of all size in 2021. Fashion Nova also established a toll-free hotline for workers to report abuses as well as a system of penalties for those who violate its reform efforts. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In October 2020, Fashion Nova launched Maven Beauty, an affordable beauty brand. [11] (#cite_note-11) Founder Richard Saghian rarely speaks with reporters but is known to collect real estate, including homes previously owned by Avicii (/wiki/Avicii) and Netflix executive Ted Sarandos. He is not married and has no children. [12] (#cite_note-12) Collaborations [ edit ] In November 2018, Fashion Nova released its line with rapper Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) . [13] (#cite_note-13) The collection launched at a "Party with Cardi" event, with performances by Cardi B, Saweetie (/wiki/Saweetie) , DreamDoll (/wiki/DreamDoll_(musician)) and Brianna Perry (/wiki/Brianna_Perry) . It was a very successful launch, selling out in seconds. [14] (#cite_note-14) Since this collaboration, Fashion Nova has been endorsed by many celebrities and influencers such as Teyana Taylor (/wiki/Teyana_Taylor) , Blac Chyna (/wiki/Blac_Chyna) , and Christina Milian (/wiki/Christina_Milian) . [15] (#cite_note-15) The store has a seasonal Halloween costume line, making its items debut alongside its most popular ambassadors at Halloween events. [16] (#cite_note-16) Fashion Nova launched a second season of the Cardi B collection in May 2019, with performances by Cardi B, YG (/wiki/YG_(rapper)) , Blueface (/wiki/Blueface) , and Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) . [17] (#cite_note-17) In April 2020, Fashion Nova launched Fashion Nova Cares, an initiative focused on supporting social causes. [18] (#cite_note-FNcardiB-18) That same month, Fashion Nova Cares partnered with Cardi B to donate $1 million to those affected by COVID-19. [18] (#cite_note-FNcardiB-18) In June 2020, Fashion Nova pledged to donate $1 million to a number of social justice organizations, including Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) , Know Your Rights Camp, and the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund (/wiki/NAACP_Legal_Defense_and_Education_Fund) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In November 2020, Fashion Nova released a line with Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) , including statement pieces and an assortment of crafted denim for those 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) and taller. [20] (#cite_note-20) The collection reportedly generated $1.2 million in sales within 24 hours of the launch. [21] (#cite_note-21) Megan Thee Stallion and Fashion Nova Cares partnered in March 2021 for the rapper's Women on Top philanthropic initiative, which seeks to empower women by supporting educational and business endeavors with scholarships, grants, and donations. Every day throughout Women's History Month, Fashion Nova Cares provided $25,000 or more to female entrepreneurs, students, and women-focused charities. [22] (#cite_note-22) She also launched a swimwear line in June. [23] (#cite_note-23) Controversy [ edit ] In December 2019, the United States Department of Labor (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor) launched an investigation and found that some Fashion Nova suppliers or subcontractors hired workers who were paid as little as $2.77 an hour and that the suppliers owed $3.8 million in back wages to hundreds of workers. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) In October 2020, Playboy (/wiki/Playboy) filed a complaint against Fashion Nova Inc. in Los Angeles, for its trademark rights in its Bunny costume. The Bunny mark contains the costume's "iconic bunny ears, tail, ribbon name tag, wrist cuffs, corset, and bowtie collar," according to the lawsuit. [27] (#cite_note-27) In January 2022, Fashion Nova settled with the Federal Trade Commission (/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission) for $4.2 million after the company was found to have artificially inflated its ratings by deliberately blocking negative reviews on its site. [28] (#cite_note-28) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "How Fashion Nova Built an Entire Fashion Company Completely on Instagram" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/leticiamiranda/fashion-nova) . BuzzFeed (/wiki/BuzzFeed) . March 13, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bain, Marc (July 29, 2018). "Fashion Nova conquered Instagram by embracing the "thirst trap" (https://qz.com/quartzy/1341992/fashion-nova-conquered-instagram-by-embracing-the-thirst-trap/) " (https://qz.com/quartzy/1341992/fashion-nova-conquered-instagram-by-embracing-the-thirst-trap/) . Quartz . Retrieved March 11, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, Aria (February 28, 2018). "How Fashion Nova Won the Internet" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/inside-fashion-nova-cardi-b-1202595964/) . WWD . Retrieved March 11, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Inside the Fashion Nova Hype Machine" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/professional/inside-the-fashion-nova-hype-machine) . The Business of Fashion . July 19, 2018 . Retrieved March 11, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashion Nova - The most popular fashion brand in the world" (https://www.affektblog.de/fashion-nova-die-beliebteste-modemarke-der-welt/) (in German). March 14, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Richard Saghianis One of the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry in 2018" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/richard-saghian) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved November 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Warren, Liz (August 13, 2019). "Fashion Nova Launches New Inclusive Denim Line" (https://sourcingjournal.com/denim/denim-brands/fashion-nova-247-size-inclusive-denim-163903/) . Sourcing Journal . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Torgerson, Rachel (June 12, 2018). "Fashion Nova Is Launching a Men's Clothing Line" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/fashion/a21269319/fashion-nova-men/) . Cosmopolitan . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Laurene Darmiento (August 17, 2020). "SB 1399 makes retailers accountable for garment worker pay" (https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-08-17/fashion-brands-garment-workers-sb1399-joint-liability-piece-rate) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 29, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Laurence Darmiento (September 2020). "Apparel industry wage-reform bill, SB 1399, dies in Assembly" (https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-09-01/sb-1399-california-apparel-industry) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 29, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) EMERALD ELITOU (October 22, 2020). "Fashion Nova Steps Into the Beauty Space with "Maven Beauty"—and Everything Is Under $20" (https://www.byrdie.com/fashion-nova-launches-maven-beauty-5083690) . Byrdie . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Debter, Lauren. "Fashion Nova's Founder Has Spun A Billion-Dollar Fortune From Fast Fashion" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurendebter/2022/03/08/fashion-novas-founder-has-spun-a-billion-dollar-fortune-from-fast-fashion/) . Forbes . Retrieved April 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The First Look at Cardi B's Collaboration with Fashion Nova" (https://www.vogue.com/article/cardi-b-fashion-nova-collaboration-first-look) . November 15, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Cardi B Launches Her Fashion Nova Line In Los Angeles" (https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/cardi-b-launches-her-fashion-nova-line-in-los-angeles-news.64593.html) . HotNewHipHop . November 15, 2018 . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Nittle, Nadra (November 15, 2018). "Why Cardi B (and every other celebrity on Instagram) loves Fashion Nova" (https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/11/15/18097465/cardi-b-fashion-nova-instagram-influencers-clothing-collection) . Vox . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Rivas, Mekita. "Fashion Nova Released The Best Celebrity-Inspired Halloween Costumes" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/09/8443539/fashion-nova-halloween-costumes-2019-famous-celebrities) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "watch Cardi B bring out Lil Nas X for "Old Town Road" at her Fashion Nova launch" (http://www.brooklynvegan.com/watch-cardi-b-bring-out-lil-nas-x-for-old-town-road-at-her-fashion-nova-launch/) . BrooklynVegan . May 9, 2019 . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Joshua Espinoza. "Cardi B and Fashion Nova Are Donating $1,000 Every Hour to People Impacted by COVID-19" (https://www.complex.com/style/2020/04/cardi-b-fashion-nova-giving-away-1-million-dollars-covid-19-relief) . Complex . Retrieved October 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Marisa Petrarca (June 9, 2020). "How Fashion Brands, Designers and Industry Leaders are Supporting the Black Lives Matter Movement" (https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/pictures/how-fashion-industry-leaders-are-supporting-black-lives-matter/fashion-nova/) . Us Magazine . Retrieved October 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Megan Thee Stallion's Fashion Nova Collection Is Here" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/megan-the-stallions-fashion-nova-collection-is-here/) . Essence . November 18, 2020 . Retrieved April 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Megan Thee Stallion's Fashion Nova Collection Sales Top $1.2 Million on Day 1" (https://www.tmz.com/2020/11/20/megan-thee-stallion-fashion-nova-collection-first-day-million-dollars/) . TMZ . November 20, 2020 . Retrieved April 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Mamo, Heran (March 8, 2021). "Megan Thee Stallion & Fashion Nova Launch $1M 'Women on Top' Fund for International Women's Day" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/9536766/megan-thee-stallion-1-million-women-on-top-fund-fashion-nova/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Miller, Korin (June 24, 2021). "Megan Thee Stallion Launched a Swimwear Collection With Fashion Nova-Watch Her Model Her Bikinis Here" (https://www.health.com/celebrities/megan-thee-stallion-fashion-nova-swimwear) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Kitroeff, Natalie (December 16, 2019). "Fashion Nova's Secret: Underpaid Workers in Los Angeles Factories" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/16/business/fashion-nova-underpaid-workers.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved July 10, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Bartiromo, Michael (December 17, 2019). "Fashion Nova responds to report of clothing being produced by underpaid factory workers" (https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/fashion-nova-responds-report-underpaid-workers) . Fox News . Retrieved July 10, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Who Is Hurt Most By Fashion Nova's Latest Controversy?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200710113407/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/midst-controversy-fashion-nova-ceo-171152331.html) . www.yahoo.com . Archived from the original (https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/midst-controversy-fashion-nova-ceo-171152331.html) on July 10, 2020 . Retrieved July 10, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Brittain, Blake (October 28, 2020). "Playboy Sues Fashion Nova Over 'Bunny' Halloween Costume" (https://news.bloomberglaw.com/ip-law/playboy-sues-fashion-nova-over-bunny-halloween-costume) . Bloomberg Law . Retrieved November 3, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Fashion Nova will Pay $4.2 Million as part of Settlement of FTC Allegations it Blocked Negative Reviews of Products" (https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/01/fashion-nova-will-pay-42-million-part-settlement-ftc-allegations-it-blocked-negative-reviews) . Federal Trade Commission . January 25, 2022 . Retrieved July 3, 2023 . 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Japanese fashion magazine Happie Nuts September 2010 Categories Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Frequency Monthly Circulation (/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation) 190,000 [1] (#cite_note-1) Publisher Inforest First issue October 1997 Country Japan Based in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) Language Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_language) Happie Nuts is a gal (/wiki/Gyaru) fashion magazine (/wiki/Fashion_magazine) published monthly in Japan (/wiki/Japan) by Inforest Publishing. Targeted at women in their late teens and early 20s, Happie Nuts was highly oriented toward the style of oneh-gal ("o-neh-san gal", lit. "older-sister gal") and dark-skin. [2] (#cite_note-mdata-2) Based in Tokyo, [3] (#cite_note-3) it was in circulation between 1997 and 2016, and 2020 to present. History [ edit ] Happie Nuts was first published as Happie in October 1997. In late 2004, Happie changed its name to Happie Nuts . The change happened in the November 2004 issue. [4] (#cite_note-modelpress-4) [5] (#cite_note-japt-5) It is a fashion magazine targeted to female teenagers. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Happie Nuts spawned its special edition, Koakuma & Nuts , in October 2005, which later grew to be Koakuma Ageha (/wiki/Koakuma_Ageha) as one of the highest-selling fashion magazines in Japan. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2014 Happie Nuts was closed, but was restarted in July 2015. [5] (#cite_note-japt-5) However, the magazine ended publication again in March 2016. [5] (#cite_note-japt-5) Since then, the magazine started publication again in 2020. Models [ edit ] Its exclusive models are called "Nuts Mates", [4] (#cite_note-modelpress-4) which have included Ena Matsumoto, Sayoko Ozaki, Akane Satomi, Sayaka Taniguchi, Miyu Ishima, Saki Nanba, Eriko Tachiya, Shizuka Takeda, Hiromi (/wiki/Hiromi_(model)) , Akane Suda, and Nicole Abe (/wiki/Nicole_Abe) . [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Handling media : Happie Nuts" (http://get-adv.com/handling/nuts/index.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110411075844/http://www.get-adv.com/handling/nuts/index.html) 11 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Get & Co. (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-mdata_2-0) "Happie Nuts" (http://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/happienuts.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220713173527/https://www.magazine-data.com/women-magazine/happienuts.html) 2022-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Women's Fashion Magazine Guide (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Roman Cybriwsky (18 February 2011), Historical Dictionary of Tokyo , Scarecrow Press, p. 68, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8108-7489-3 ^ Jump up to: a b "Happie Nuts" (http://modelpress.net/magazine/detail/11) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110822084257/http://modelpress.net/magazine/detail/11) 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Model Press (in Japanese) ^ Jump up to: a b c "Relaunched gyaru magazine Happie Nuts closes again" (http://www.japantrends.com/relaunched-gyaru-magazine-happie-nuts-closes-again/) . Japan Trends . 21 April 2016 . Retrieved 30 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Report About Segment Change Due To Clarification Of Business Concept" (http://www.sshd.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/nr070528_1.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120323123410/http://www.sshd.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/nr070528_1.pdf) 23 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 28 May 2007, Sevenseas Holdings (the parent company of Inforest) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-7) R, Rajkumar. "Fashions of the 1960s" (https://www.elixirofknowledge.com/2010/12/fashions-of-1960s.html) . Retrieved 2023-07-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Interview with the chief editor of 'Koakuma Ageha', there are only two things in the world : 'kawaii' or 'not kawaii'" (http://gigazine.net/news/20090714_koakuma_ageha/) , 14 July 2009, Gigazine (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-9) " Happie Nuts " [ dead link ] (http://www.l-f-tokyo.com/magazine/happienuts/) , Ladies Fashion Tokyo (in Japanese) External [ edit ] Happie Nuts Official Website (http://www.nutsweb.net) (in Japanese) Fashion Tips On Cocktail Dresses For Party (https://www.gorgeautiful.com/cocktail-party-easy-fashion-tips-styles-ideas/) v t e Japanese fashion magazines For women An an (/wiki/Anan_(magazine)) AneCan (/wiki/AneCan) Bis (/wiki/Bis_(magazine)) CanCam (/wiki/CanCam) Classy (/wiki/Classy_(magazine)) Egg (/wiki/Egg_(magazine)) Hanako (/wiki/Hanako_(magazine)) Happie Nuts I Love Mama (/wiki/I_Love_Mama) JJ (/wiki/JJ_(magazine)) Junon (/wiki/Junon_(magazine)) Koakuma Ageha (/wiki/Koakuma_Ageha) Love Berry (/wiki/Love_Berry) Nicola (/wiki/Nicola_(magazine)) Non-no (/wiki/Non-no) Pichi Lemon (/wiki/Pichi_Lemon) PopSister (/wiki/PopSister) Popteen (/wiki/Popteen) Ranzuki (/wiki/Ranzuki) Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(Japanese_magazine)) Soen (/wiki/Soen_(magazine)) Vivi (/wiki/Vivi_(magazine)) For men MensEGG (/wiki/MensEGG) Men's Non-no (/wiki/Men%27s_Non-no) Popeye (/wiki/Popeye_(magazine)) For any Cosmode (/wiki/Cosmode) Fruits (/wiki/Fruits_(magazine)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐cbg8f Cached time: 20240712205135 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.433 seconds Real time usage: 0.571 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1082/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21532/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1932/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25498/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.308/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15691470/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 518.240 1 -total 51.46% 266.683 1 Template:Reflist 19.04% 98.682 7 Template:In_lang 17.18% 89.053 1 Template:Citation 16.21% 84.008 1 Template:Japanese_fashion_magazines 15.77% 81.717 1 Template:Navbox 14.10% 73.075 1 Template:Short_description 10.44% 54.095 1 Template:Infobox_magazine 9.62% 49.848 1 Template:Infobox 8.16% 42.290 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31653209-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712205135 and revision id 1219686617. 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American businesswoman Dina Ousley Nationality American (/wiki/Americans) Occupation(s) Businesswoman (/wiki/Businessperson) , makeup artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) , and former actress (/wiki/Actor) Dina Ousley is an American businesswoman, makeup artist, and former actress. Ousley developed tools and techniques for airbrush makeup (/wiki/Airbrush_makeup) , helping to refine and popularize this method of applying makeup. Biography [ edit ] Ousley is from Fort Worth, Texas (/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas) . [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) She attended Northside High School. (/wiki/North_Side_High_School_(Fort_Worth,_Texas)) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Ousley later attended Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) 's school for hair styling in New York. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Career [ edit ] Ousley appeared in the 1975-season CBS TV series Bronk (/wiki/Bronk_(TV_series)) , playing star Jack Palance (/wiki/Jack_Palance) 's daughter with a disability (/wiki/Disability) , Ellen Bronkov. [3] (#cite_note-3) She had a small part in the highly successful 1975 film Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo_(film)) , [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) [4] (#cite_note-NYTimes-4) and later appeared in Trip With The Teacher (/wiki/Trip_With_The_Teacher) , American Hot Wax (/wiki/American_Hot_Wax) , The Boss' Son (/w/index.php?title=The_Boss%27_Son&action=edit&redlink=1) , and Nights in White Satin (/w/index.php?title=Nights_in_White_Satin_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) . At the same time that Ousley was working as an actress, she had also started working as a hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) As a hairdresser, she did the hair of celebrities such as Robert Blake (/wiki/Robert_Blake_(actor)) , Helen Reddy (/wiki/Helen_Reddy) and Herb Alpert (/wiki/Herb_Alpert) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Ousley then turned to makeup work and opened her own company, Dinair, in North Hollywood (/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) . [7] (#cite_note-LATimes-7) She designed a makeup airbrush (/wiki/Airbrush) which sprays foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(cosmetics)) and body paint (/wiki/Body_painting) . [7] (#cite_note-LATimes-7) The spray makeup tools and techniques she developed include "...the use of a small airbrush, liquid cosmetics and stencils to create everything from a professional woman's daily makeup to something a little flashier - think leopard print hair and fantasy makeup that includes sparkles." [8] (#cite_note-CharlestonDailyMail-8) She called her airbrush products Dinair Airbrush Makeup Systems, Inc. [9] (#cite_note-9) The Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) wrote that Dinair "pioneered the makeup airbrush." [10] (#cite_note-10) Ousley airbrushed "lingerie" on Playboy (/wiki/Playboy) models for Hugh Hefner's (/wiki/Hugh_Hefner) 1999 New Year's Eve (/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve) party and spray-painted the go-go girls (/wiki/Go-go_dancing) in the Austin Powers (/wiki/Austin_Powers_(film_series)) movies. [7] (#cite_note-LATimes-7) Her airbrushes have been sold at Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) and inspired other makeup artists to create their own versions. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Crosby, Joan (1975-10-04). "Dina Ousley Excited About Role in 'Bronk' (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17031887/the_times_and_democrat/) " (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17031887/the_times_and_democrat/) . The Times and Democrat . p. 16 . Retrieved 2018-01-31 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to: a b Witbeck, Charles (1975-11-01). "Newcomer Dina Ousley Epitomizes Zest and Laughter" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17032270/the_miami_news/) . The Miami News . p. 51 . Retrieved 2018-01-31 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-3) " (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17031612/the_central_new_jersey_home_news/) 'Bronk' Will Stalk Corrupt Cops on TV" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17031612/the_central_new_jersey_home_news/) . The Central New Jersey Home News . 1975-09-03. p. 30 . Retrieved 2018-01-31 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-NYTimes_4-0) "Dina Ousley (Dina Ousley Carone)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131008014750/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/54457/Dina-Ousley/filmography) . Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 2013. Archived from the original (https://movies.nytimes.com/person/54457/Dina-Ousley/filmography) on October 8, 2013 . Retrieved February 16, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_5-0) "Dina Ousley Pursues Double Career" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17031767/the_news_leader/) . The News Leader . 1975-09-28. p. 43 . Retrieved 2018-01-31 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Also Hairdresser" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17037152/santa_ana_register/) . Santa Ana Register . 1976. p. 269 . Retrieved 2018-01-31 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c Thomas, Barbara (May 23, 2000). "Lights, Camera, Makeup Action" (http://articles.latimes.com/2000/may/23/news/cl-32897/) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved February 16, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-CharlestonDailyMail_8-0) Orosz, Monica (January 18, 2013). "Beauty School Students Get a Lesson from Hollywood" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131002122401/http://www.dailymail.com/foodandliving/201301170212) . Charleston Daily Mail . Charleston, West Virginia. Archived from the original (http://dailymail.com/foodandliving/201301170212) on October 2, 2013 . Retrieved February 16, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Davis, Gretchen; Hall, Mindy (2017). The Makeup Artist Handbook: Techniques for Film, Television, Photography, and Theatre . Taylor & Francis. pp. 317–318. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781315514161 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Wexler, Kathryn (2008-03-30). "Brush Away Flaws Just Like the Stars" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17037288/chicago_tribune/) . Chicago Tribune . pp. 13–3A . Retrieved 2018-01-31 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Gubbins, Teresa (1999-10-31). "Airbrush Makeup Smooths Things Over" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17036844/the_odessa_american/) . The Odessa American . p. 35 . Retrieved 2018-01-31 – via Newspapers.com. External links [ edit ] Dina Ousley (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0244651/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Ousley's website (https://web.archive.org/web/20131003020823/http://www.dinaousley.org/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐c6xpc Cached time: 20240712133640 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.307 seconds Real time usage: 0.398 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2084/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21101/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 954/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43365/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.187/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6306055/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 377.319 1 -total 38.96% 147.001 1 Template:Reflist 32.08% 121.026 10 Template:Cite_news 29.51% 111.360 1 Template:Infobox_person 19.72% 74.417 1 Template:Short_description 10.93% 41.253 2 Template:Pagetype 9.30% 35.087 17 Template:Main_other 6.18% 23.336 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.02% 18.941 1 Template:IMDb_name 4.74% 17.898 1 Template:Authority_control Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38566837-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712133640 and revision id 1220354560. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dina_Ousley&oldid=1220354560 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dina_Ousley&oldid=1220354560) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) American make-up artists (/wiki/Category:American_make-up_artists) American actresses (/wiki/Category:American_actresses) 21st-century American women (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
Strapless form of brassiere or swimsuit top Woman wearing a bandeau bikini A bandeau (pl. bandeaux, diminutive of French (/wiki/French_language) : bande meaning "strip") is a garment comprising, in appearance, a strip of cloth. Today, the term frequently refers to a garment that wraps around a woman's breasts (/wiki/Breast) . [1] (#cite_note-OED-1) It is usually part of a bikini (/wiki/Bikini) in sports or swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) . It is similar to a tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) , but narrower. It is usually strapless (/wiki/Strapless_dress) , sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless) , and off the shoulder (/wiki/Off_the_shoulder) . Bandeaux are commonly made from elastic material (/wiki/Elastomer) to stop them from slipping down, or are tied or pinned at the back or front. In the first half of the 20th century, a "bandeau" was a narrow band worn by women to bind the hair, or as part of a headdress. [1] (#cite_note-OED-1) Contemporary uses [ edit ] Modern swimwear [ edit ] Bandeau bikini with halter (/wiki/Halterneck) strap The bandeau emerged as the top part of a two-piece swimsuit during the 1940s. In the 1950s the bandeau incorporated foundation so as to structure the contours of the body, while still retaining a relatively simple circle or band shape, emphasizing the bare midriff (/wiki/Midriff) . Another variation of bandeau is a one-piece bandeau swimsuit that covers the mid-section of the body. [2] (#cite_note-2) Its popularity in swimwear declined during the string bikini era, but it reappeared in the 1980s, especially with Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) and other stretch fabric blends. Side stays, v-wire in the center front, O-rings, and the twisted top are popular design elements. [3] (#cite_note-bikiniscience-3) In modern sports and swimwear, a bandeau is a strapless garment worn around a woman's breasts. It may be fastened in the front or back or be sufficiently elastic so as not to need a fastener at all. A bandeau may come with a detachable halter (/wiki/Halterneck) strap for extra support. A strapless bandeau, or tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) , was also worn as casual wear and sports wear starting in the 1970s, and is sometimes worn as part of a sportswear ensemble. [3] (#cite_note-bikiniscience-3) In formal wear [ edit ] Actress Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) wore a pink bandeau with matching pants to the 2000 MTV Movie Awards (/wiki/2000_MTV_Movie_Awards) , fueling the trend of wearing a bandeau top as an out-of-home dress. [4] (#cite_note-4) Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) also wore a cropped black bandeau top with high waisted pants at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2014_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) wore a red midriff (/wiki/Midriff) baring (/wiki/Cultural_views_on_the_midriff_and_navel) bandeau outfit before winning the Fashion Icon award at the 2021 CFDA Awards (/wiki/CFDA_Awards) . [6] (#cite_note-6) History [ edit ] A 1924 Cartier bandeau made of natural pearls, diamonds, and platinum. A style of a tiara, which perched atop the hair, was adapted into this new form, mimicking the cloth bandeau fashionable women wore around the forehead. In antiquity [ edit ] An ancient Roman Villa Romana del Casale (/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale) (A.D. 286–305) mosaic (/wiki/Mosaic) mural (/wiki/Mural) in Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) depicts some earlier bandeaux. Wearing a bandeau to support a woman's breasts may date back to ancient Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) , [7] (#cite_note-HISTORY-7) where they were called apodesmos ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : ἀπόδεσμος [8] (#cite_note-8) ), later stēthodesmē (Gr: στηθοδέσμη [9] (#cite_note-9) ), mastodesmos (Gr: μαστόδεσμος [10] (#cite_note-10) ) and mastodeton (Gr: μαστόδετον [11] (#cite_note-11) ), all meaning "breast-band". It consisted of a band of wool or linen that was wrapped across the breasts and tied or pinned at the back. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) As a silhouette the bandeau was also worn in Roman times. [3] (#cite_note-bikiniscience-3) Archaeologist James Mellaart (/wiki/James_Mellaart) described the earliest bandeau-like costume in Çatalhöyük (/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk) , Anatolia (/wiki/Anatolia) in the Chalcolithic (/wiki/Chalcolithic) era (around 5600 BC), where a mother goddess is depicted astride two leopards wearing a costume somewhat like a modern bandeau-style bikini. [14] (#cite_note-Agrawala-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) In the Greco-Roman world (/wiki/Greco-Roman_world) , women athletes wearing two-piece garments were depicted on urns (/wiki/Urns) and paintings dating back to 1400 BC. [16] (#cite_note-16) In the floor of Coronation of the Winner hall of Villa Romana del Casale (/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale) , a Roman villa (/wiki/Roman_villa) in Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) that dates from the Diocletian period (/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution) (286–305 AD), mosaics (/wiki/Mosaic) depict young women dressed in bandeau-like garments participating in weightlifting, discus throwing, and running ball games, [17] (#cite_note-BBCW-17) [18] (#cite_note-VilCas-18) but not swimming. The mosaic features ten maidens who have been anachronistically dubbed the " Bikini Girls (/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale#Athletic_competition) ". [19] (#cite_note-Guttmann_1991_38-19) [20] (#cite_note-Villa_Romana_del_Casale-20) Other Roman (/wiki/Roman_Empire) archaeological finds depict the goddess Venus (/wiki/Venus_(mythology)) in a similar garment. In Pompeii (/wiki/Pompeii) , depictions of Venus wearing a bikini were discovered in the Casa della Venere, [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) in the tablinum (/wiki/Tablinum) of the House of Julia Felix (/wiki/House_of_Julia_Felix) , [24] (#cite_note-24) and in an atrium (/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)) garden of Via Dell'Abbondanza (/wiki/House_of_Loreius_Tiburtinus) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Brassiere [ edit ] In the 1920s the term was applied to a simply shaped brassiere (/wiki/Brassiere) , usually of a soft fabric and delicate trimmings providing little support or shaping. The design was patented in 1916 in the United States by Edgar Guggenheim and resembled the contours and wrapping effects of the scultetus (/wiki/Scultetus) binder used in hospitals. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) It was sometimes made from an elastic material to flatten or suppress the breasts in the style of the period. When the "boyish" silhouette went out of fashion, the word "brassiere" or later "bra" became the term for more shapely support garments. Religious habits [ edit ] The term bandeau also refers to the thin headband traditionally worn—until recently—underneath and supporting the veil (/wiki/Veil) by the nuns (/wiki/Nun) of many Catholic religious institutes (/wiki/Religious_institute) . Together with the wimple (/wiki/Wimple) (which covers the cheeks and neck) and the white coif (/wiki/Coif) to which it would be attached, it was the common headdress of a respectable woman in Medieval and Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) Europe (/wiki/Europe) . Variations and related clothing [ edit ] In pre-Islamic times, women on the Indonesian island of Bali (/wiki/Bali) , who in daily life would normally go topless, would wear a bandeau called a sabuk when visiting temples or attending important ceremonies. The rest of Indonesia refer to the garment as kemben (/wiki/Kemben) . [28] (#cite_note-28) Sarashi (/wiki/Sarashi) are sometimes used by Japanese women to bind the breasts. See also [ edit ] Sarashi (/wiki/Sarashi) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "bandeau" (https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/15133) . Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) (Online ed.). Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . (Subscription or participating institution membership (https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.) Used for headband from 1706, for brassiere from 1915. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Biqiniz Bikini Glossary (https://www.biqiniz.com/pages/biqiniz-glossary) Know your bandeaus from your halters. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003131/https://www.biqiniz.com/pages/biqiniz-glossary) 2019-02-20 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ Jump up to: a b c "Bandeau" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090422152422/http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/bandeau_S/bandeau.html) . Bikini Science . Archived from the original (http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/bandeau_S/bandeau.html) on 22 April 2009 . Retrieved 2009-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Heat relief, what suits are hot – from tops to bottoms" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104910/https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&p_theme=sj&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline%28Heat%20relief%29%20AND%20date%286%2F8%2F2001%20to%206%2F8%2F2001%29&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date%3AB%2CE&p_text_date-0=6%2F8%2F2001%20to%206%2F8%2F2001%29&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=%28%22Heat%20relief%22%29&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&xcal_useweights=no) . San Jose Mercury News . 2001-06-08. p. 1E. Archived from the original (https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&p_theme=sj&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline(Heat%20relief)%20AND%20date(6/8/2001%20to%206/8/2001)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=6/8/2001%20to%206/8/2001)&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=(%22Heat%20relief%22)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no) on 2020-06-08. ^ (#cite_ref-5) U.S. weekly, 24 August 2014: Miley Cyrus Looks Sophisticated, Wears Black Bandeau and Leather Pants One Year After 2013 VMAs (http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/news/miley-cyrus-arrives-2014248) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Zendaya and her bandeau bra top were the stars of the 2021 CFDA Awards" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/zendaya-bandeau-bra-top) . 11 November 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-HISTORY_7-0) Wells, Jacquelyn. "The History of Lingerie [INFOGRAPHIC]" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140219022053/http://blog.herroom.com/infographic/history-lingerie-infographic/) . HerRoom. Archived from the original (http://blog.herroom.com/infographic/history-lingerie-infographic/) on 19 February 2014 . Retrieved 31 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) ἀπόδεσμος (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)po%2Fdesmo) , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus ^ (#cite_ref-9) στηθοδέσμη (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dsthqode%2Fsmh) , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus ^ (#cite_ref-10) μαστόδεσμος (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmasto%2Fdesmos) , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus ^ (#cite_ref-11) μαστόδετον (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmasto%2Fdeton) , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus ^ (#cite_ref-12) Leoty, Ernest; Gautier, Saint Elme (10 September 2010). Le Corset a Travers Les Ages (1893) (in French). Kessinger Publishing. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-167-74666-6 . Reprint of the 1893 edition ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Figure and Corsets. Mataura Ensign (New Zealand) November 11, 1887" (http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ME18871111.1.2&e=-------10--1----0-all) . ^ (#cite_ref-Agrawala_14-0) Agrawala, P.K. (1983). Goddesses in Ancient India (first ed.). Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press. p. 12. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-391-02960-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Lucy Goodison (/wiki/Lucy_Goodison) and Christine E. Morris (/wiki/Christine_E._Morris) , Ancient Goddesses: The Myths and the Evidence , page 46, University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-299-16320-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16320-4) ^ (#cite_ref-16) James, Peter J.; Thorpe, I. J.; Thorpe, Nick (1994). Ancient Inventions . Ballantine Books. p. 279 (https://archive.org/details/ancientinvention00jame/page/279) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-345-40102-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBCW_17-0) Kathryn Westcott, " The Bikini: Not a brief affair (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/5130460.stm) ", BBC News, 2006-06-05 ^ (#cite_ref-VilCas_18-0) "Villa Romana del Casale" (http://www.valdinoto.com/english/villa_romana_del_casale.htm) . Val di Noto . Retrieved August 29, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Guttmann_1991_38_19-0) Guttmann, Allen (1991). Women's Sports: A History . Columbia University Press. p. 38 (https://archive.org/details/womenssports00alle/page/38) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-231-06957-X . ^ (#cite_ref-Villa_Romana_del_Casale_20-0) "Villa Romana del Casale" (http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/villaromanadelcasale.html) . World Heritage Sites . Retrieved 2015-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Pompeian Households: Image Gallery" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075357/http://www.stoa.org/gallery/allison) . The Stoa Consortium, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University. Archived from the original (http://www.stoa.org/gallery/allison) on 2016-02-05 . Retrieved 2015-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Stoa Image Gallery" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151015205200/http://www.stoa.org/gallery/albums.php) . The Stoa Consortium, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University. Archived from the original (http://www.stoa.org/gallery/albums.php) on 2015-10-15 . Retrieved 2015-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Penelope M. Allison. "Pompeian Households: Information concerning the rooms in Casa della Venere in Bikini" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150318124125/http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/rooms?houseid=13) . Archived from the original (http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/rooms?houseid=13) on 2015-03-18 . Retrieved 2015-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Beard, Mary; Henderson, John (2001). Classical Art . Oxford University Press. p. 116 (https://archive.org/details/classicalartfrom00bear/page/116) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-19-284237-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) MacDougall, Elisabeth B.; Feemster, Wilhelmina Mary (1979). Ancient Roman Gardens . Dumbarton Oaks. p. 38. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-88402-100-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Uplift: The Bra in America (https://books.google.com/books?id=MtRbdACUkqgC&dq=US+patent+no+1167992+from+1914&pg=PA199) , by Jane Farrell-Beck, Colleen Gau, p.199 ^ (#cite_ref-27) "United States patent 1,167,992 – Brassiere" (https://patents.google.com/patent/US1167992/en) – via Google Patents. ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Kebaya - Indonesian Traditional Dress for Women" (http://www.expat.or.id/info/kebayatraditionaldress.html) . Expat.or.id . 1945-08-17 . Retrieved 2011-09-18 . External links [ edit ] Look up bandeau (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/bandeau) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Media related to Bandeau (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bandeau) at Wikimedia Commons Celui d'Evy - Ceinture Bandeau Turban (https://celuidevy.com) v t e Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Upper torso Types (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) of bras (/wiki/Bra) History (/wiki/History_of_bras) Bandeau Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Other garments Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Torsolette (/wiki/Torsolette) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Lower torso Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Girl boxers (/wiki/Girl_boxers) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Tanga (/wiki/Thong) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Thong (/wiki/Thong) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Full torso Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Playsuit (/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Historical Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Accessories Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) Brands List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) Retail Bras N Things (/wiki/Bras_N_Things) Cosmo Lady (/wiki/Cosmo_Lady) Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) HerRoom (/wiki/HerRoom) Journelle (/wiki/Journelle) True & Co. 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A rainy-day costume ( The Illustrated American , 1897) A rainy daisy is a style of walking skirt worn during the " Gay Nineties (/wiki/Gay_Nineties) " (1890–1900). The skirts were trimmed to be 2–3 inches off the ground and were worn by members of the Rainy Day Club (/wiki/Rainy_Day_Club) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) They were so-called because their shorter length meant that, by not trailing and soaking up water, they were easier to keep dry in wet weather. [3] (#cite_note-hill-3) An alternative source for the name suggests that they were called after Daisy Miller (/wiki/Daisy_Miller) , the eponymous heroine of the 1878 novella by Henry James (/wiki/Henry_James) . [4] (#cite_note-4) At their shortest, the skirts could measure six inches off the ground, which was seen as a bold statement of independence on the part of its wearers. [5] (#cite_note-5) Rainy daisy skirts influenced the development in fashion of shorter and slimmer skirts from 1908 onwards. [3] (#cite_note-hill-3) Sometimes the skirts were called "golf skirts" or "walking skirts" as they were practical for sporting pursuits and walking through crowds in urban environments. [3] (#cite_note-hill-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The Complete Costume Dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 246. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Staff writer (29 January 1905). "Rainy Day Club and a New Phase of the Short Skirt Question" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B05E6DA1738EF32A2575AC2A9679C946497D6CF) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 3 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Hill, Daniel Delis (2007). As seen in Vogue: A Century of American Fashion in Advertising (1st pbk. print. ed.). Lubbock, Tex.: Texas Tech University Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780896726161 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Olson, Sidney (1997). Young Henry Ford: A Picture History of the First Forty Years . Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 84 (https://archive.org/details/younghenryfordpi00olso/page/84) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780814312247 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fields, Armond (2003). Sophie Tucker: First Lady of Show Business . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 2 (https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780786415779/page/2) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780786415779 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6b77c95f4f‐7wbj7 Cached time: 20240626012925 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.157 seconds Real time usage: 0.185 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 292/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9333/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 75/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20191/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.092/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3356733/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 151.798 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 151.798 1 -total 76.10% 115.518 4 Template:Cite_book 6.58% 9.992 1 Template:Cite_news 1.62% 2.463 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47146060-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626012925 and revision id 1174345501. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainy_daisy&oldid=1174345501 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainy_daisy&oldid=1174345501) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1890s fashion (/wiki/Category:1890s_fashion) 1890s introductions (/wiki/Category:1890s_introductions) 1900s fashion (/wiki/Category:1900s_fashion) Skirts (/wiki/Category:Skirts)
Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) United Kingdom portal (/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion designers from the United Kingdom (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_the_United_Kingdom) . This category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is for articles about fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) from the European country of the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . Classification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification) : People (/wiki/Category:People) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:People_by_occupation) : Designers (/wiki/Category:Designers) : Fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers) : By nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) : British Also: United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom) : People (/wiki/Category:British_people) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:British_people_by_occupation) : Designers (/wiki/Category:British_designers) : Fashion designers Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:British_fashion_designers) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:British_fashion_designers&from=Z) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐dpjrz Cached time: 20240720172538 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.179 seconds Real time usage: 0.392 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 613/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34191/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4134/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5668/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.066/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1595725/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 370.748 1 -total 30.42% 112.766 1 Template:Category_explanation 29.94% 110.998 1 Template:Hatnote 26.20% 97.122 1 Template:Commons_category 25.61% 94.931 1 Template:Sister_project 24.39% 90.431 1 Template:Side_box 18.76% 69.561 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 18.15% 67.274 2 Template:Category_other 17.02% 63.097 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 15.00% 55.621 1 Template:Category_TOC Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1498151-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720172538 and revision id 967050789. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. English fashion designers (/wiki/Category:English_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 C, 177 P) Scottish fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Scottish_fashion_designers) ‎ (18 P) Welsh fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Welsh_fashion_designers) ‎ (11 P) + British women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:British_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (147 P) C British costume designers (/wiki/Category:British_costume_designers) ‎ (1 C, 95 P) M British milliners (/wiki/Category:British_milliners) ‎ (47 P) Pages in category "British fashion designers" The following 167 pages are in this category, out of 167 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Jonathan Anderson (fashion designer) (/wiki/Jonathan_Anderson_(fashion_designer)) Ariella Fashion House (/wiki/Ariella_Fashion_House) Laura Ashley (/wiki/Laura_Ashley) Marcel B. Aucoin (/wiki/Marcel_B._Aucoin) Jacques Azagury (/wiki/Jacques_Azagury) B Maureen Baker (fashion designer) (/wiki/Maureen_Baker_(fashion_designer)) Judith Balcazar (/wiki/Judith_Balcazar) Sheridan Barnett (/wiki/Sheridan_Barnett) Basso & Brooke (/wiki/Basso_%26_Brooke) Mary Ann Bell (/wiki/Mary_Ann_Bell) Mary Bettans (/wiki/Mary_Bettans) Lauren Bowker (/wiki/Lauren_Bowker) Carlo Brandelli (/wiki/Carlo_Brandelli) Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) Sheilagh Brown (/wiki/Sheilagh_Brown) Kiki Byrne (/wiki/Kiki_Byrne) C Antonia Campbell-Hughes (/wiki/Antonia_Campbell-Hughes) Jane Carr (fashion designer) (/wiki/Jane_Carr_(fashion_designer)) Robert Cary-Williams (/wiki/Robert_Cary-Williams) Charlie Casely-Hayford (/wiki/Charlie_Casely-Hayford) Joe Casely-Hayford (/wiki/Joe_Casely-Hayford) Caroline Castigliano (/wiki/Caroline_Castigliano) Lucinda Chambers (/wiki/Lucinda_Chambers) Caroline Charles (/wiki/Caroline_Charles) Natsai Audrey Chieza (/wiki/Natsai_Audrey_Chieza) Jimmy Choo (/wiki/Jimmy_Choo) Lindka Cierach (/wiki/Lindka_Cierach) Emily Clapham (/wiki/Emily_Clapham) Gordon Luke Clarke (/wiki/Gordon_Luke_Clarke) Jasper Conran (/wiki/Jasper_Conran) Ian H. 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Slave_bracelet) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Slave bracelet" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Slave+bracelet%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Slave+bracelet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Slave+bracelet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Slave+bracelet%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Slave+bracelet%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Slave+bracelet%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Slave bracelet may refer to: A copper (/wiki/Copper) bracelet (/wiki/Bracelet) used as a medium of exchange in the West African (/wiki/West_Africa) slave trade (/wiki/History_of_slavery) , see Manillas (/wiki/Manillas) . Any bracelet made of chain links. Hand chains, an Arabic wrist bracelet joined to a ring by a chain. A bracelet worn by a slave (this meaning comes from BDSM (/wiki/BDSM) fiction, e.g. John Norman (/wiki/John_Norman) 's Gor (/wiki/Gor) series of novels; in this context, it may be a colloquial term for handcuffs (/wiki/Handcuffs) ). A pair of slave bracelets dating from the 1920s Slave bracelets are a piece of jewelry associated with several cultures. As it refers to the hand adornment often worn by belly dancers (/wiki/Belly_dancers) or associated with harem (/wiki/Harem) jewelry, the slave bracelet or hand chain consists of a bracelet that attaches to a ring via a chain, bejeweled links, or other ornate hand connector along the back of the hand. They have been a popular accessory worn by members of the Gothic subculture (/wiki/Gothic_subculture) as well as those of the BDSM (/wiki/BDSM) community, specifically dominant–submissive couples as a symbol of ownership between master (BDSM) (/wiki/Master_(BDSM)) and slave (BDSM) (/wiki/Slave_(BDSM)) . [ citation needed ] This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slave_bracelet&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐44lqd Cached time: 20240713184913 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.174 seconds Real time usage: 0.233 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 297/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14094/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 587/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5760/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.112/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1779720/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 199.397 1 -total 48.38% 96.473 1 Template:Sources 37.64% 75.047 1 Template:Ambox 35.50% 70.783 1 Template:Clothing-stub 34.41% 68.622 1 Template:Asbox 15.67% 31.252 1 Template:Citation_needed 11.79% 23.508 1 Template:Fix 7.90% 15.759 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 3.55% 7.087 1 Template:Delink 3.30% 6.588 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2484421-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713184913 and revision id 1216338645. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slave_bracelet&oldid=1216338645 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slave_bracelet&oldid=1216338645) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bracelets (/wiki/Category:Bracelets) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from February 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2021) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2017) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Perfume by Beyoncé Rise Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Released 2014 Label Coty, Inc. (/wiki/Coty,_Inc.) Predecessor Heat: The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (/wiki/Heat_(perfume)#Heat:_The_Mrs._Carter_Show_World_Tour) Successor Heat: Heat Wild Orchid (/wiki/Heat_(perfume)#Heat_Wild_Orchid) Website Official Website (http://www.beyonceparfums.com/pulse) Rise (also known as Beyoncé Rise ) is a perfume (/wiki/Perfume) endorsed by Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and distributed through division Coty Beauty of manufacturer Coty, Inc. (/wiki/Coty,_Inc.) She collaborated with perfumer Loc Dong from the company International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) (IFF) for creating the scent. It marks her third fragrance following the release of Heat (/wiki/Heat_(perfume)) (2010) and Pulse (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Pulse) (2011). Inspired by African-American author Maya Angelou (/wiki/Maya_Angelou) and meant to showcase private sides of Beyoncé's personal life, Rise was created as a woman's fragrance. It was released in February 2014 to various stores; a promotional poster and a commercial shot by English music video director (/wiki/Music_video_director) Jake Nava (/wiki/Jake_Nava) were released the same month with the latter featuring Beyoncé surrounded by golden glitter. Upon their release, the perfume and the commercial were positively received by critics with Rise's various scents and its feminist (/wiki/Feminism) inspiration being particularly hailed. Rise features top notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) of Italian bergamot orange (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) , golden apricot (/wiki/Apricot) and a basil sorbet (/wiki/Sorbet) middle notes of gold symphony orchid (/wiki/Orchidaceae) freesia blossom (/wiki/Freesia) and jasminum sambac (/wiki/Jasminum_sambac) and base notes of autumn woods accord, cashmere musk (/wiki/Musk) and a vetiver extract (/wiki/Chrysopogon_zizanioides) . Background [ edit ] Beyoncé announced the release of her first fragrance Heat (/wiki/Heat_(perfume)) in December 2009 after she had previously worked with Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) on True Star (/wiki/True_Star_(perfume)) and with Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) on Diamonds for which she also appeared in several promotional campaigns. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Heat, released on February 3, 2010, was followed by six additional releases of the same line with various scent changes. It went on to become one of the three best-selling fragrances of all time with $400 million earned at retail globally. [3] (#cite_note-3) A new line of perfumes titled Pulse (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Pulse) followed in September 2011 and included several additional releases. [4] (#cite_note-4) The perfume was meant to showcase the singer's persona and energy while performing live on stage during her concerts. [5] (#cite_note-tel-5) On December 12, 2013, it was reported by MTV that beauty and lifestyle editor Jess Torres of the magazine Siempre Mujer was offered a glimpse of Beyoncé's new perfume called Rise. [6] (#cite_note-mujer-6) On December 20, 2013, it was officially announced by fashion magazine Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) that she would release her third line of perfumes titled Rise in early 2014. [7] (#cite_note-ref29-7) [8] (#cite_note-wwd-8) Perfumer Loc Dong of International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) (IFF) served as a collaborator with Beyoncé. [9] (#cite_note-BET-9) The perfume was influenced by Beyoncé's autobiographical HBO (/wiki/HBO) documentary Life Is But a Dream (/wiki/Life_Is_But_a_Dream_(film)) (2013); both Rise and the film showcase the singer's personal sides including "inner strength, overcoming adversity, and what it really means to be a woman". [7] (#cite_note-ref29-7) Conception [ edit ] Marsha Brooks, a vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, a division of Coty, Inc. (/wiki/Coty,_Inc.) responsible for Beyoncé's fragrance business, said in an interview that Rise was meant to leave a "strong sense of 'overcoming adversity and rising above it all.'" [5] (#cite_note-tel-5) [10] (#cite_note-slate-10) She added, "The fragrance concept is about female empowerment and finding the inner strength that makes women so beautiful... We're getting a little bit more intimate and personal with this next initiative we are doing. The time has come for something more natural and emotional." [8] (#cite_note-wwd-8) According to her, testings for Rise were done in multiple countries with positive feedback. [11] (#cite_note-vixen-11) It was also revealed that the perfume was inspired by a poem by African-American author Maya Angelou (/wiki/Maya_Angelou) . Journalists Katy Waldman of Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) , Kathleen Hou of New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) and Treye Green of the International Business Times (/wiki/International_Business_Times) noted "Still I Rise" from Angelou's book And Still I Rise (/wiki/And_Still_I_Rise) as a potential inspiration. [10] (#cite_note-slate-10) [12] (#cite_note-ny-12) [13] (#cite_note-ibt-13) The fragrance features various notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) . The top notes consist of an Italian bergamot orange (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) , golden apricot (/wiki/Apricot) and a basil sorbet (/wiki/Sorbet) . The middle notes contain gold symphony orchid (/wiki/Orchidaceae) (identified as Beyoncé's favorite flower), freesia blossom (/wiki/Freesia) and jasminum sambac (/wiki/Jasminum_sambac) . Rise concludes with base notes of autumn woods accord, cashmere musk (/wiki/Musk) and a vetiver extract (/wiki/Chrysopogon_zizanioides) . [14] (#cite_note-parfums-14) Release and promotion [ edit ] The perfume was shipped in January 2014 and it was released to stores the following month. [7] (#cite_note-ref29-7) It was packaged in a tall glass bottle, designed by Ken Hirst, and contained a gold collar and gold crystals. [15] (#cite_note-ok-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Marissa G. Muller of MTV (/wiki/MTV) compared the packaging with the foil of Jay-Z's Gold perfume. [6] (#cite_note-mujer-6) According to Beyoncé's official perfume website, it was meant to show her "resilient spirit and graceful femininity". [14] (#cite_note-parfums-14) The promotional poster for Rise was released in early 2014. It features a close-up shot of her face with blonde hair and metallic eye shadow (/wiki/Eye_shadow) . Reveal magazine writer Brigitte Swimer deemed the photograph "smouldering" and went on to offer praise for Beyoncé looking "breathtaking... rocking flawless skin and perfectly contoured cheeks". [17] (#cite_note-reveal-17) Brittany Talarico of People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) also reviewed the image positively, calling it "sexy" and noting "one of her signature powerhouse stares as her hair blows wildly around her". Talarico concluded that the golden theme matched the perfume's bottle design. [18] (#cite_note-people-18) It was estimated by several industry sources that the promotion for the fragrance, which mainly included the commercial and promotion on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) , was worth US $ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 10 million and it was predicted the perfume would sell $25 million. [5] (#cite_note-tel-5) In January, 2014, People magazine organized a contest between readers of its website on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) asking them to share a photo of the singer in their favorite outfit on their profiles and win a signed bottle of Rise. [18] (#cite_note-people-18) In celebration of the perfume's release, a contest was also launched by Beyoncé's team asking fans to tell them "what they rise for"; several of them were filmed and their videos were published on Beyoncé's perfume channel. [19] (#cite_note-19) A winner was announced in June 2014 and awarded with a bottle of Rise. [20] (#cite_note-20) Commercial [ edit ] A 30-second clip for the fragrance surfaced on the Internet in January 2014 and several publications reported and speculated it would be the commercial for Rise. [21] (#cite_note-style-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) A commercial was later officially released in February and was shot by Jake Nava (/wiki/Jake_Nava) with whom Beyoncé had collaborated frequently. [9] (#cite_note-BET-9) [24] (#cite_note-idolator-24) It opens with shots of her showered in gold as she rises out of a glittering bowl formed of dust while dramatic music plays in the background; several of the scenes are filmed using a slow motion (/wiki/Slow_motion) technique. [21] (#cite_note-style-21) Her voiceover is heard in the background, "You can let yourself disappear, or you can stir things up. Never settle, shake loose. Embrace the elements. Because from now on, you will always Rise!". [9] (#cite_note-BET-9) Beyoncé is seen surrounded by glittery ashes, wearing thigh-high (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) gladiator (/wiki/Gladiator) sandals and a bodysuit noted to be Amazonian-inspired. [21] (#cite_note-style-21) Brigitte Swimer of Reveal labelled it "sizzling" noting scenes showing Beyoncé "swishing her hair around in true Beyoncé style". [17] (#cite_note-reveal-17) Kelly Bryant of OK! (/wiki/OK!) magazine called the advertisement "sexy". [15] (#cite_note-ok-15) In an in-depth review of the commercial, Caitlin Morton from MTV heavily praised Beyoncé's look, style, movements and poses for the camera and concluded, "THAT ... is how you sell a perfume". [21] (#cite_note-style-21) Maeve Keirans writing for the same publication wrote the clip was "heavy on the glitter and hair-flips" and added, "We would've bought Rise anyway, but now [due to its commercial] we're definitely going to buy it." [25] (#cite_note-25) Carl Williott from the website Idolator (/wiki/Idolator_(website)) interpreted Beyoncé's character in the video as a "gold dust woman imploring you to embrace the elements and rise". [24] (#cite_note-idolator-24) Charlie Gowans Eglinton of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) magazine provided a positive review for the clip summarizing, "there's hair–flipping, intense eye–contact and a sultry voiceover, all covered in a layer of gold dust. What more could you ask for?". [26] (#cite_note-gowans-26) Reception [ edit ] Kristin Booker of the fashion website Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) described the scent as a "voluptuous, sexy floral". [7] (#cite_note-ref29-7) Kathleen Hou writing for New York opined that the perfume's best part was that it was inspired by a poem by Angelou. Hou also noted feminist (/wiki/Feminism) influences in the scent with usual additions of orchid and masculine (/wiki/Masculinity) notes of autumn woods, cashmere, musk, and vetiver extract. She concluded her review by stating "Maya Angelou-reading perfume sounds (and will surely smell) pretty good". [12] (#cite_note-ny-12) With a similar opinion, Treye Green of the International Business Times noted more masculine notes with the addition of woods, cashmere, musk. She hailed Rise as a "sweet treat" for her fans along her self-titled album (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(album)) 's surprise release a week earlier and noted, "Beyoncé's definition of feminism has stirred quite the debate following her new album's release. But maybe her perfume version of it will be more openly embraced – plus who can deny the genius of a Maya Angelou-inspired scent." [13] (#cite_note-ibt-13) Madison Lafayette in an article for VIBE Vixen (/wiki/VIBE_Vixen) praised Beyoncé's decision to release Rise "capitaliz[ing] off" her success and "giving us another reason to talk about her". [11] (#cite_note-vixen-11) Tor Cardona of the magazine Grazia Daily praised the fact the perfume was announced a week after Beyoncé's fifth album, noting she was set for a "world domination" in 2014. Focusing on the scent, Cardona advised female readers to buy it and went on to state "With hints of orchid, golden apricot and jasmine- we reckon this might just be 2014's hottest scent." [27] (#cite_note-27) BET (/wiki/BET) editor Dorkys Ramos described the scent as a mixture of "sexy, floral" notes. [9] (#cite_note-BET-9) The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) ' s Katy Young called the gold symphony orchid used in the scent "the queen of orchids". She also said that notes of cashmere musk and vetiver "give the whole blend a grounding element" before concluding "the notes are not wrong". [5] (#cite_note-tel-5) Charlie Gowans Eglinton of Elle , noted that the perfume promised to be "almost as intoxicating as Bey herself" with a "sexy scent" of musk according to reports she had read. [26] (#cite_note-gowans-26) In a guide for spring perfumes to buy in 2014, editors of E! Online (/wiki/E!_Online) included Rise, calling it "exactly what you think it would be: vivacious, strong and bold" and concluding "it is certainly not a dainty spring scent". [28] (#cite_note-28) Cinya Burton of the same publication noted the fragrance was different than other floral perfumes during the season, deeming it "plain fierce". [29] (#cite_note-29) Products [ edit ] Products related to Rise are taken from Beyoncé's official perfume website. Two additional products were released in the collection—a body lotion for hydrating the skin and a shower gel. [14] (#cite_note-parfums-14) Eau de parfume 100ml / 3.4 oz (/wiki/Ounce) 50 ml / 1.7 oz 30 ml / 1.0 oz 15 ml / 0.5 oz Glistening body lotion 200ml / 6.7 oz Silky shower gel 200ml / 6.7 oz See also [ edit ] List of celebrity-branded fragrances (/wiki/List_of_celebrity-branded_fragrances) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jessen, Monique; M. Silverman, Stephen (June 22, 2004). "Beyoncé Launches New True Star Fragrance" (http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,656036,00.html) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Time Inc (/wiki/Time_Inc.) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Field, Adrien (December 4, 2009). "V Style: Beyoncé Turns Up The Heat" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131024100749/http://www.vibe.com/article/v-style-beyonc%C3%A9-turns-heat) . Vibe (/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)) . Vibe Media, Inc. Archived from the original (http://www.vibe.com/article/v-style-beyonc%C3%A9-turns-heat) on October 24, 2013 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Heat Fragrance Line" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140701202455/http://www.beyonce.com/heat-fragrance-line-2/) . Beyonce.com. Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) . August 9, 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.beyonce.com/heat-fragrance-line-2/) on July 1, 2014 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Johnson, Janna (June 15, 2011). "ELLE Exclusive: Beyoncé's New Scent" (http://www.elle.com/news/beauty-makeup/elle-exclusive-beyonces-new-scent-23577#more-23577) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Hachette Filipacchi Médias (/wiki/Hachette_Filipacchi_M%C3%A9dias) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Young, Katy (December 20, 2013). "Beyoncé's new scent smells like her spirit and strength" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG10529966/Beyonces-new-scent-smells-like-her-spirit-and-strength.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b G. Muller, Marissa (December 12, 2013). "Is Beyonce Releasing A New Perfume?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131219061930/http://style.mtv.com/2013/12/12/beyonce-rise-perfume) . MTV (/wiki/MTV) . MTV Networks (/wiki/MTV_Networks) . Archived from the original (http://style.mtv.com/2013/12/12/beyonce-rise-perfume/) on December 19, 2013 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Booker, Kristin (December 20, 2013). "You Won't Believe How Much Beyoncé's Perfumes Have Made" (https://www.refinery29.com/2013/12/59492/beyonce-rise-fragrance-launch) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Born, Pete (December 20, 2013). "Beyoncé Launching New Fragrance Pillar" (http://www.wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/beyonc-launching-new-fragrance-pillar-7321560?module=Beauty-hero) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Fairchild Fashion Media (/wiki/Fairchild_Fashion_Media) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . (subscription required) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ramos, Dorkys (February 6, 2014). "Beyoncé Releases Ad for New Perfume Rise" (https://www.bet.com/article/0qb9v3/beyonce-releases-ad-for-new-perfume-rise) . BET (/wiki/BET) . BET Networks (/wiki/BET_Networks) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Waldman, Katy (December 20, 2013). "Beyoncé's New Fragrance Was Inspired by Maya Angelou and Smells Like Overcoming Adversity" (http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2013/12/20/beyonc_rise_the_perfume_was_inspired_by_maya_angelou_what_do_other_poets.html) . Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) . Graham Holdings Company (/wiki/Graham_Holdings_Company) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lafayette, Madison (December 20, 2013). " (http://www.vibevixen.com/2013/12/rise-with-beyonces-new-fragrance/) 'Rise' With Beyonce's New Fragrance" (http://www.vibevixen.com/2013/12/rise-with-beyonces-new-fragrance/) . VIBE Vixen (/wiki/VIBE_Vixen) . Vibe Media, Inc . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hou, Kathleen (December 20, 2013). "Beyoncé's New Feminist Fragrance Was Inspired by Her Favorite Maya Angelou Poem" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/12/beyoncs-new-fragrance-inspired-by-maya-angelou.html) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . New York Media, LLC . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Green, Treye (December 20, 2013). "Beyoncé's Rise: Singer Releasing New Feminist Fragrance Inspired By Maya Angelou Poem" (http://www.ibtimes.com/beyonces-rise-singer-releasing-new-feminist-fragrance-inspired-maya-angelou-poem-1517412) . International Business Times (/wiki/International_Business_Times) . IBT Media (/wiki/IBT_Media) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Rise – Beyonce" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714184347/http://beyonceparfums.com/rise) . Beyonceparfums.com. Coty, Inc. (/wiki/Coty,_Inc.) Archived from the original (http://www.beyonceparfums.com/rise) on July 14, 2014 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bryant, Kelly (March 4, 2014). "Watch Beyoncé Unveil Her Empowering New Fragrance Rise" (http://okmagazine.com/be-pretty/beyonce-rise-video/) . OK! (/wiki/OK!) . Northern & Shell (/wiki/Northern_%26_Shell) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Rise by Beyonce (2014)" (http://www.basenotes.net/ID26140301.html) . Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Swimer, Brigitte (February 18, 2014). "Beyoncé smoulders in promo picture for new fragrance RISE" (http://www.reveal.co.uk/beauty/news/a552076/beyonce-smoulders-in-promo-picture-for-new-fragrance-rise.html) . Reveal . Nat Mags (/wiki/Nat_Mags) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Talarico, Brittany (January 24, 2014). "EXCLUSIVE: See Beyoncé's Dramatic Fragrance Ad for 'Rise' – Plus, Win a Signed Bottle!" (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2014/01/24/beyonce-rise-perfume-ad-exclusive/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Time Inc. (/wiki/Time_Inc.) Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Beyoncé RISE – What do you rise for? . BeyonceParfums. YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . March 11, 2014 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Beyoncé RISE Contest Grand Prize WINNER . BeyonceParfums. YouTube. June 27, 2014 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Morton, Caitlin (January 16, 2014). "Is This Beyonce's Rise Perfume Commercial?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140203103310/http://style.mtv.com/2014/01/16/beyonce-rise-perfume-commercial) . MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original (http://style.mtv.com/2014/01/16/beyonce-rise-perfume-commercial/) on February 3, 2014 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Watch Beyonce's 'Rise' Fragrance Commercial (Video)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141207201418/http://www.vibe.com/article/watch-beyonces-%E2%80%98rise%E2%80%99-fragrance-commercial-video) . Vibe . Vibe Media, Inc. January 16, 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.vibe.com/article/watch-beyonces-%E2%80%98rise%E2%80%99-fragrance-commercial-video) on December 7, 2014 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Corner, Lewis (January 16, 2014). "Beyoncé shimmers gold in new Rise fragrance commercial – video" (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a544411/beyonce-shimmers-gold-in-new-rise-fragrance-commercial-video.html#~oPWPLNMkwUcUTB) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Hearst Corporation (/wiki/Hearst_Corporation) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Williott, Carl (January 16, 2014). "Beyonce Is A Gold Dust Woman In Ad For Rise Fragrance" (http://www.idolator.com/7501680/beyonce-rise-fragrance-ad-perfume-commercial) . Idolator (/wiki/Idolator_(website)) . SpinMedia (/wiki/SpinMedia) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Keirans, Maeve (January 17, 2014). "Golden Globes Fashion And Beyonce's Love Of Versace Topped Our Headlines This Week" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140121075059/http://style.mtv.com/2014/01/17/headlines-golden-globes) . MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original (http://style.mtv.com/2014/01/17/headlines-golden-globes/) on January 21, 2014 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gowans Eglinton, Charlie (February 5, 2014). "The Rise of Beyoncé" (http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/celebrity-style/beyonce-perfume-advert-video-fragrance-rise-celebrity-scent) . Elle . Hachette Filipacchi Médias . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Cardona, Tor (December 20, 2013). "Beyonce Unveils Her Plans For New Fragrance 'Rise' (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/beauty/product/beyonce-unveils-her-plans-for-new-fragrance--rise-) " (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/beauty/product/beyonce-unveils-her-plans-for-new-fragrance--rise-) . Grazia Daily . Bauer Consumer Media (/wiki/Bauer_Consumer_Media) . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Spring 2014 Fragrance Guide – Beyonce Rise Eau de Parfum" (http://uk.eonline.com/photos/11757/spring-2014-fragrance-guide/363491) . E! Online (/wiki/E!_Online) . NBCUniversal (/wiki/NBCUniversal) . p. 4 . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Burton, Cinya (March 24, 2014). "News/ Spring 2014 Fragrance Guide: Dolce & Gabbana, Marc Jacobs & More Fresh Scents!" (http://uk.eonline.com/news/517870/spring-2014-fragrance-guide-dolce-gabbana-marc-jacobs-more-fresh-scents) . E! Online. NBCUniversal . Retrieved September 15, 2014 . 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English fashion designer and model (born 1966) Susie Cave Cave in November 2013 Born ( 1966-09-16 ) 16 September 1966 (age 57) Cheshire (/wiki/Cheshire) , England Occupation(s) Fashion designer, model Spouse Nick Cave (/wiki/Nick_Cave) ​ ( m. 1999) ​ Children 2, including Earl Cave (/wiki/Earl_Cave) Modelling information Height 5 ft 8.5 in (1.74 m) Hair colour Black Eye colour Green Agency Tess Management Oui Management Susie Cave ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Bick ; born 16 September 1966) is an English fashion designer, entrepreneur, and former model and occasional actress. She co-founded the fashion label The Vampire's Wife. Early life [ edit ] Susie Bick was born in Cheshire (/wiki/Cheshire) , England, to a diplomat father. [1] (#cite_note-showstudio-1) She spent her childhood in Malawi (/wiki/Malawi) and Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) , and ran away from boarding school at age 14. [1] (#cite_note-showstudio-1) Modelling career [ edit ] Bick was discovered by photographer Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) on a flight to New York at age 14. [2] (#cite_note-Guardian-210314-2) She modelled for Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) , Tuscany perfume, Versace (/wiki/Versace) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) . [1] (#cite_note-showstudio-1) She appeared on the covers of French Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , Harper's & Queen (/wiki/Harper%27s_%26_Queen) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) UK , and i-D (/wiki/I-D) . [1] (#cite_note-showstudio-1) She modelled for Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) for ten years. [1] (#cite_note-showstudio-1) She was the cover model on the Damned (/wiki/The_Damned_(band)) 's 1985 album Phantasmagoria (/wiki/Phantasmagoria_(The_Damned_album)) , photographed by Bob Carlos Clarke (/wiki/Bob_Carlos_Clarke) . Bick gave up her modelling career when she met Nick Cave in 1997. [1] (#cite_note-showstudio-1) The Vampire's Wife [ edit ] In 2014, Cave co-founded the fashion label The Vampire's Wife with Alex Adamson. [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-171009-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Their 'Falconetti' dress was deemed the "dress of the decade" by Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-Guardian-210314-2) The Vampire's Wife has been described as a "cult favourite" label. [2] (#cite_note-Guardian-210314-2) Celebrities who have worn the brand include Catherine, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) , Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Princess_Beatrice) , Princess Sofia, Duchess of Varmland (/wiki/Princess_Sofia,_Duchess_of_Varmland) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) , Florence Welch (/wiki/Florence_Welch) , Maya Rudolph (/wiki/Maya_Rudolph) , [2] (#cite_note-Guardian-210314-2) Sienna Miller (/wiki/Sienna_Miller) , [3] (#cite_note-Vogue-171009-3) Ruth Negga (/wiki/Ruth_Negga) , Kirsten Dunst (/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) , Daisy Lowe (/wiki/Daisy_Lowe) , [6] (#cite_note-6) Jenna Coleman (/wiki/Jenna_Coleman) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Thandiwe Newton (/wiki/Thandiwe_Newton) , Zawe Ashton (/wiki/Zawe_Ashton) , Rachel Weisz (/wiki/Rachel_Weisz) , Margot Robbie (/wiki/Margot_Robbie) , Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) , [8] (#cite_note-8) and Jodie Comer (/wiki/Jodie_Comer) . [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2024, the brand closed, after the collapse of Matchesfashion (/wiki/Matches_Fashion) , one of their largest stockists. [10] (#cite_note-10) Personal life [ edit ] Bick met Australian musician Nick Cave (/wiki/Nick_Cave) in 1997; they married in 1999. [1] (#cite_note-showstudio-1) Their twin sons, Arthur and Earl (/wiki/Earl_Cave) , were born in London (/wiki/London) in 2000 and raised in Brighton (/wiki/Brighton) . [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) She appeared on the cover of Cave's 2013 album Push the Sky Away (/wiki/Push_the_Sky_Away) . [13] (#cite_note-13) On 14 July 2015, when he was 15 years old, Arthur Cave fell from a cliff at Ovingdean (/wiki/Ovingdean) , near Brighton, and died from his injuries at Royal Sussex County Hospital (/wiki/Royal_Sussex_County_Hospital) later that day. [14] (#cite_note-14) An inquest found that Arthur had taken LSD (/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide) before the fall and the coroner ruled his death was an accident. [15] (#cite_note-15) The effect of Arthur's death on the Cave family was explored in the 2016 documentary film One More Time with Feeling (/wiki/One_More_Time_with_Feeling) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Director Ref. 1992 Inferno [17] (#cite_note-17) TV film Ellen von Unwerth (/wiki/Ellen_von_Unwerth) 1994 Princess Caraboo (/wiki/Princess_Caraboo_(film)) Uncredited Michael Austin 1994 Prêt-à-Porter (/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-Porter_(film)) Susie Bick Uncredited Robert Altman (/wiki/Robert_Altman) [2] (#cite_note-Guardian-210314-2) [18] (#cite_note-BFI-18) 1995 Flirt (/wiki/Flirt_(1995_film)) Model Hal Hartley (/wiki/Hal_Hartley) [18] (#cite_note-BFI-18) 1997 Sex & Chocolate [19] (#cite_note-19) Catwalk model TV film Gavin Millar (/wiki/Gavin_Millar) 1998 Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon (/wiki/Love_Is_the_Devil:_Study_for_a_Portrait_of_Francis_Bacon) Casino TV film, credited as Suzie Bick John Maybury (/wiki/John_Maybury) [18] (#cite_note-BFI-18) 1999 Mad Cows Sputnick Sara Sugarman (/wiki/Sara_Sugarman) [18] (#cite_note-BFI-18) 2011 Submission Black belt Short film Martina Amati (/wiki/Martina_Amati) 2014 20,000 Days on Earth (/wiki/20,000_Days_on_Earth) Herself Documentary film Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard (/wiki/Iain_Forsyth_and_Jane_Pollard) [18] (#cite_note-BFI-18) 2016 One More Time with Feeling (/wiki/One_More_Time_with_Feeling) Herself Documentary film Andrew Dominik (/wiki/Andrew_Dominik) [18] (#cite_note-BFI-18) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Susie Bick" (https://www.showstudio.com/contributors/susie_bick) . SHOWstudio.com . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Wiseman, Eva (14 March 2021). "Susie Cave: 'My imagination can get a little bit scary' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/mar/14/susie-cave-fashion-designer-vampires-wife-my-imagination-can-get-a-litte-bit-scary) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/mar/14/susie-cave-fashion-designer-vampires-wife-my-imagination-can-get-a-litte-bit-scary) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b D'Souza, Christa (9 October 2017). "For Susie Cave, The Vampire's Wife Was A Path Out Of Despair" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/susie-cave-the-vampires-wife-vogue-interview) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tierney, Ger (28 May 2015). "susie bick, the vampire's wife" (https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/evx5j4/susie-bick-the-vampires-wife) . i-D (/wiki/I-D) . Vice Media (/wiki/Vice_Media) . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Foussianes, Chloe (23 June 2022). "Why Kate Middleton and Princess Beatrice Love Dresses from the Vampire's Wife" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a31225581/kate-middleton-princess-beatrice-the-vampires-wife-royal-favorite-brand/) . Town & Country (/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(magazine)) . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Street, Chloe (4 March 2020). "Duchess of Cambridge dons second high fashion label of the day in green Vampire's Wife dress" (https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/fashion/kate-middleton-duchess-cambridge-vampire-s-wife-ireland-green-dress-a4377786.html) . Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "JENNA COLEMAN WEARS THE VAMPIRE'S WIFE" (https://thevampireswife.com/blogs/stuff/jenna-coleman-wears-the-vampire-s-wife) . The Vampire's Wife . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Cartner-Morley, Jess (11 March 2020). "Goth princess: how the new It dress won over Kate – and everyone else" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/mar/11/goth-princess-how-the-new-it-dress-won-over-kate-and-everyone-else) . The Guardian . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "JODIE COMER KILLS IT IN THE VAMPIRE'S WIFE" (https://thevampireswife.com/blogs/stuff/jodie-comer-kills-it-in-the-vampires-wife) . The Vampire's Wife . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Donnell, Chloe Mac (27 May 2024). " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/article/2024/may/27/vampires-wife-closure-matchesfashion-independent-british-fashion-brands) 'Deeply concerning': Vampire's Wife closure shows battle faced by independent British fashion brands" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/article/2024/may/27/vampires-wife-closure-matchesfashion-independent-british-fashion-brands) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 1 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Baker, Lindsay (1 February 2003). "Feelings are a Bourgeois luxury" (http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,11710,885692,00.html) . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Webb, Beth (10 June 2020). "Earl Cave: "I'd love to play Neil Young in a film" (https://www.nme.com/features/film-interviews/earl-cave-interview-days-of-the-bagnold-summer-2685390) " (https://www.nme.com/features/film-interviews/earl-cave-interview-days-of-the-bagnold-summer-2685390) . NME (/wiki/NME) . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) McLean, Craig (12 May 2013). " (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/on-stage-im-just-me-having-a-bad-day-nick-cave-on-40-years-of-music-and-mayhem-8607908.html) 'On stage I'm just me having a bad day': Nick Cave on 40 years of music and mayhem – Profiles – People" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/on-stage-im-just-me-having-a-bad-day-nick-cave-on-40-years-of-music-and-mayhem-8607908.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220619/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/on-stage-im-just-me-having-a-bad-day-nick-cave-on-40-years-of-music-and-mayhem-8607908.html) from the original on 19 June 2022 . Retrieved 11 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Gayle, Damien (10 November 2015). "Nick Cave's son took LSD before cliff fall death, inquest hears" (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/10/nick-caves-son-died-from-fall-after-taking-lsd-inquest-hears) . The Guardian . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Nick Cave's son Arthur took LSD before cliff fall, inquest told" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-34779370) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 10 November 2015 . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Pulver, Andrew (5 September 2016). "One More Time With Feeling review – undeniably moving contemplation of loss" (https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/sep/05/one-more-time-with-feeling-review-film-nick-cave-andrew-dominik-venice) . The Guardian . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Inferno" (https://mubi.com/films/inferno-1992) . MUBI (/wiki/Mubi_(streaming_service)) . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Susie Bick" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170427004701/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb433c7d7) . British Film Institute (/wiki/British_Film_Institute) . Archived from the original (https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb433c7d7) on 27 April 2017 . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Sex and Chocolate (1997)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201202193935/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b803a6aaa) . British Film Institute . Archived from the original (https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b803a6aaa) on 2 December 2020 . Retrieved 3 October 2022 . External links [ edit ] Susie Bick (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/susie_bick/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Susie Cave (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0080989/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Susie Bick Cave (https://models.com/models/susie-bick) at models.com Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000444353967) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/313296480) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1062242831) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1062242831.html?language=en) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/185732852) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6xc5s Cached time: 20240719214306 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.585 seconds Real time usage: 0.845 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3608/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52573/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4554/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 82064/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.401/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10114378/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 742.478 1 -total 35.20% 261.374 1 Template:Reflist 34.58% 256.780 1 Template:Infobox_model 22.68% 168.385 6 Template:Cite_web 12.06% 89.547 1 Template:Authority_control 7.60% 56.392 1 Template:Short_description 6.18% 45.867 1 Template:Marriage 5.98% 44.394 9 Template:Cite_news 5.78% 42.911 1 Template:Infobox 4.82% 35.799 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71904690-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719214306 and revision id 1229157628. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susie_Cave&oldid=1229157628 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susie_Cave&oldid=1229157628) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1966 births (/wiki/Category:1966_births) English businesspeople (/wiki/Category:English_businesspeople) English female models (/wiki/Category:English_female_models) English fashion designers (/wiki/Category:English_fashion_designers) English women in business (/wiki/Category:English_women_in_business) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Models from Cheshire (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Cheshire) British women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:British_women_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from July 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2023) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with DTBIO identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_DTBIO_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers)
Akbar Shahpurwala was a celebrated suit stylist in the film industry who passed away. Review waiting, please be patient. This may take 3 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 2,800 pending submissions waiting for review (/wiki/Category:Pending_AfC_submissions) . If the submission is accepted , then this page will be moved into the article space. If the submission is declined , then the reason will be posted here. In the meantime, you can continue to improve this submission by editing normally. Where to get help If you need help editing or submitting your draft , please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. These venues are only for help with editing and the submission process, not to get reviews. 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Last edited by Rishab World (/w/index.php?title=User:Rishab_World&action=edit&redlink=1) 60 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Rishab_World&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. Submission declined on 18 November 2023 by WikiOriginal-9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:WikiOriginal-9) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:WikiOriginal-9) ). 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Submission declined on 28 October 2023 by Qcne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Qcne) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Qcne) ). The content of this submission includes material that does not meet Wikipedia's minimum standard for inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations) . Please cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) your sources using footnotes (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . For instructions on how to do this, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Thank you. Declined by Qcne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Qcne) 8 months ago. Comment: Entire large sections of this biography are devoid of inline citations. As a minimum, I think there should be a reliable source (see WP:RS (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) ) for every paragraph and every substantial claim. The tone is cloyingly promotional (for example, "Akbar Shahpurwala will forever be remembered for triggering the Look Smart, Feel Good, Do Well culture in aspiring Indians and thus participate in building a strong Nation!"); such statements should be removed. Overall tone needs to be factual and neutral ( WP:nPOV (/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV) ) and repetition of details (two mentions, without citation, of a ramp walk, for example) should be avoided. Paul W (/wiki/User:Paul_W) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Paul_W) ) 10:19, 26 January 2024 (UTC) Akbar Shahpurwala Akbar Shahpurwalla being interviewed at Gabbana (Mahalaxmi) Born 17 December 1943 Neemuch (/wiki/Neemuch) , Madhya Pradesh (/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh) , India (/wiki/India) Died 21 May 2022 Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) , India (/wiki/India) Cause of death Parkinson's (/wiki/Parkinson%27s) Nationality Indian (/wiki/India) Alma mater St. Xavier's College (/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College) , Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) Occupation Fashion Designer Spouse Batul Shahpurwala Children 3 Parent Abbas Akbarali Shahpurwala Zubeida Abbas Shahpurwala Awards National Film Award for Best Costume Design (1991) for Lamhe (/wiki/Lamhe) Akbar Shahpurwala (17 December 1943 - 21 May 2022) was an Indian fashion designer and the founder of Gabbana by Akbar. He designed for many Bollywood (/wiki/Hindi_cinema) celebrities, including Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) , Rishi Kapoor (/wiki/Rishi_Kapoor) , Dharmendra (/wiki/Dharmendra) , Jeetendra (/wiki/Jeetendra) , and Govinda (/wiki/Govinda_(actor)) , and for films including Sholay (/wiki/Sholay) (1975), Don (1978), Mr. Natwarlal (1979), Yaarana (1981), Agneepath (1990), Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001). His career spanned over 50 years. In 1991, he won a National Film Award (/wiki/National_Film_Awards) for Best Costume Design for Lamhe (/wiki/Lamhe) . In 1993, Akbar Shahpurwala founded Gabbana, bringing well-known Italian brands to India. Early life and family [ edit ] Akbar Shahpurwala was born on 17 December 1943 in Neemuch (/wiki/Neemuch) , Madhya Pradesh (/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh) . He was brought up in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) along with an elder sister and a younger brother (who died young). He studied at St. Mary's School, Mumbai (/wiki/St._Mary%27s_School,_Mumbai) , and later at St. Xavier's College, Mumbai (/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Mumbai) . Akbar Shahpurwala was an avid reader and a great admirer of the works of Russian-born American author and philosopher Ayn Rand (/wiki/Ayn_Rand) . He also loved playing cricket and watching movies. He grew up dreaming of being the best-dressed person in an era when clothing was considered a mere necessity. He had a passion for learning about the latest fashion and dressing trends, which led him to travel to Europe (/wiki/Europe) to study fashion and practice at a leading clothing store in Piccadilly Circus (/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus) , London (/wiki/London) . Akbar Shahpurwala's father died of a heart attack while he was quite young after which his paternal uncle took him under his wings. He joined his family retail business ‘Elegant’ which was then situated in Mohammed Ali Road, Mumbai. Personal life [ edit ] In 1963, following his mother's wish, Akbar Shahpurwala married Batul, at the mere age of 20. They had three children, two daughters Tasneem, and Sameena, and a son Abizar. Career [ edit ] Akbar Shahpurwala’s zeal and passion for creativity made him a self-taught tailor even prior to the opening of formal Institutions like NIFT (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology) and he perfected himself to work with the eyes rather than with measurements. Akbar Shahpurwala started his career by joining his family business shop named ‘Elegant’ in 1960, which eventually led to the launch of ‘Kachins’ in 1973. Later in 1993, Akbar Shahpurwala founded Gabbana. He brought well-known Italian brands like Pal Zileri (/wiki/Pal_Zileri) , Gian Franco Ferre (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) to India and made fine Italian tailoring accessible. He opened the first showroom in Mahalaxmi, Mumbai (/wiki/Mahalaxmi,_Mumbai) , and a second one 10 years later in Khar, Mumbai (/wiki/Khar,_Mumbai) . He also launched in-house labels such as British Khakis & Aqis in 1995 followed by Akbar & Akbar Sports in 2009, engineered to provide comfort, style, and fit in the world of readymade. Shahpurwala and Bollywood [ edit ] Akbar Shahpurwala’s popularity kept multiplying and he soon became the Fashion Icon of Indian Cinema and a thick friend of the Star of the Millennium Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) , and a phrase rolled out “Amitabh made Akbar and Akbar made Amitabh.” Mehmood (/wiki/Mehmood_(actor)) had introduced Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) to Akbar Shahpurwala during the filming of their movie Bombay to Goa (/wiki/Bombay_to_Goa_(1972_film)) (1972) Akbar has designed most of Amitabh 'Bachchan's costumes for his films. [1] (#cite_note-1) Akbar Shahpurwala made his costume designing debut with the film Bobby (/wiki/Bobby_(1973_film)) (1973), starring Rishi Kapoor (/wiki/Rishi_Kapoor) and Dimple Kapadia (/wiki/Dimple_Kapadia) . Wherein he designed costumes for Rishi Kapoor (/wiki/Rishi_Kapoor) . Tinnu Anand (/wiki/Tinnu_Anand) while in an interview recalls how Akbar Shahpurwala had designed a special black jacket without an arm, black leather pants, and a rope around his shoulder for Shahenshah (/wiki/Shahenshah_(1988_film)) . Who at the time would design all of Amitabh Bachchan's (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) clothes. [2] (#cite_note-2) It was utter chaos when India's leading superstars Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) and Sachin Tendulkar (/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar) , inaugurated the suburban outlet of the designer fashion store, Gabbana. [3] (#cite_note-3) Bachchan is a regular Gabbana patron, along with other corporate bigwigs like the Singhania's, Ambani's, and Tatas. Yash Chopra (/wiki/Yash_Chopra) was also present at the occasion. Bollywood and Gabbana's association began in 1973 when the latter introduced hip costumes in Raj Kapoor (/wiki/Raj_Kapoor) 's youthful romance, Bobby (/wiki/Bobby_(1973_film)) . Gabbana also provided the wardrobe for Anil Kapoor (/wiki/Anil_Kapoor) in Taal (/wiki/Taal_(film)) , Hrithik Roshan (/wiki/Hrithik_Roshan) in Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai (/wiki/Kaho_Naa..._Pyaar_Hai) and AB and Dutt (/wiki/Sanjay_Dutt) in Kaante (/wiki/Kaante) . Costume design filmography [ edit ] Year Film Designed For 1973 Bobby (/wiki/Bobby_(1973_film)) Rishi Kapoor (/wiki/Rishi_Kapoor) 1975 Sholay (/wiki/Sholay) Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) 1977 Zamaanat (/wiki/Zamaanat) 1978 Don (/wiki/Don_(1978_film)) Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) 1978 Chowki No.11 (/wiki/Chowki_No.11) 1979 Mr. Natwarlal (/wiki/Mr._Natwarlal) Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) 1979 Lok Parlok (/wiki/Lok_Parlok) 1980 Premika (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2617778/?ref_=nm_flmg_t_5_cos) 1980 Dostana (/wiki/Dostana_(1980_film)) 1980 Insaaf Ka Tarazu (/wiki/Insaaf_Ka_Tarazu) Men’s Costume 1981 Waqt Ki Deewar (/wiki/Waqt_Ki_Deewar) 1981 Khoon Aur Paani (/wiki/Khoon_Aur_Paani) 1981 Pyaasa Sawan (/wiki/Pyaasa_Sawan) 1981 Yaarana (/wiki/Yaarana_(1981_film)) Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) 1981 Kaalia (/wiki/Kaalia) Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) 1982 Teri Kasam (/wiki/Teri_Kasam) Kumar Gaurav (/wiki/Kumar_Gaurav) 1982 Deedar-E-Yaar (/wiki/Deedar-E-Yaar) Gents Costume 1982 Raaste Pyar Ke (/wiki/Raaste_Pyar_Ke) 1983 Prem Tapasya (/wiki/Prem_Tapasya) 1983 Nishaan (/wiki/Nishaan_(film)) 1983 Bekaraar (/wiki/Bekaraar) Sanjay Dutt (/wiki/Sanjay_Dutt) , Mohnish Bahl (/wiki/Mohnish_Bahl) 1983 Pukar (/wiki/Pukar_(1983_film)) 1984 Mera Faisla (/wiki/Mera_Faisla) 1984 Zakhmi Sher (/wiki/Zakhmi_Sher) 1984 Karishmaa (/wiki/Karishmaa) 1985 Saagar (/wiki/Saagar_(film)) 1985 Mard (/wiki/Mard_(1985_film)) 1986 Aag Aur Shola (/wiki/Aag_Aur_Shola) 1986 Dharm Adhikari (/wiki/Dharm_Adhikari) 1987 Loha (/wiki/Loha_(1987_film)) 1987 Apne Apne (/wiki/Apne_Apne) 1987 Jaan Hatheli Pe (/wiki/Jaan_Hatheli_Pe) 1987 Insaf Ki Pukar (/wiki/Insaf_Ki_Pukar) 1988 Tezaab (/wiki/Tezaab) 1989 Joshilaay (/wiki/Joshilaay) 1989 Asmaan Se Ooncha (/wiki/Asmaan_Se_Ooncha) 1989 Aag Se Khelenge (/wiki/Aag_Se_Khelenge) 1990 Agneepath (/wiki/Agneepath_(1990_film)) 1990 Taqdeer Ka Tamasha (/wiki/Taqdeer_Ka_Tamasha) 1990 Amiri Garibi (/wiki/Amiri_Garibi) 1990 Swarg (/wiki/Swarg) 1991 Ranbhoomi (/wiki/Ranbhoomi) 1991 Lamhe (/wiki/Lamhe) 1991 Maa (/wiki/Maa_(1992_Hindi_film)) 1993 Khalnayak (/wiki/Khalnayak) 1995 Zamaana Deewana (/wiki/Zamaana_Deewana) 1996 Prem Granth (/wiki/Prem_Granth) 1996 Tere Mere Sapne (/wiki/Tere_Mere_Sapne_(1996_film)) 1997 Krishna Arjun (/wiki/Krishna_Arjun_(1997_film)) 1998 Prem Aggan (/wiki/Prem_Aggan) 2001 Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (/wiki/Kabhi_Khushi_Kabhie_Gham...) 2002 Hera Pheri (/wiki/Hera_Pheri_(2000_film)) 2003 Kucch To Hai 2004 Aan: Men at Work (/wiki/Aan:_Men_at_Work) Gabbana [ edit ] Gabbana Store at Hughes Road (/wiki/Hughes_Road) Akbar Shahpurwala's dream was to make Gabbana [4] (#cite_note-4) a brand that epitomized the best of Indian tailoring, yet offered a global outlook. He worked towards providing exceptional personalized tailoring solutions to his clients. Gabbana created designs that better suited a particular individual. From fabric to the innermost workings and complexities of a suit. He institutionalized his caliber and shaped the largest Fashion Studio in Mumbai as Gabbana to provide personalized Dressing Solutions for the elites of Progressing India, be it from the Trade Industry, Politics, Bureaucracy, or Artists from the creative world. After Akbar Shahpurwala’s death, his legacy is now carried forward by his daughter, Tasneem Shahpurwala, and her cousin Umaima. In 2018, Rishab World [5] (#cite_note-5) , a leading diversified textile and garment conglomerate, collaborated with Gabbana and moved the city store at Mahalaxmi, Mumbai (/wiki/Mahalaxmi,_Mumbai) , to a new location at Hughes Road (/wiki/Hughes_Road) , Mumbai, (/wiki/Mahalaxmi,_Mumbai) in 2022, providing exceptional customer experiences. In a recent episode of Koffee With Karan (/wiki/Koffee_with_Karan) , Aditya Roy Kapur (/wiki/Aditya_Roy_Kapur) graced the screen in a Gabbana by Akbar suit, marking his return to the iconic couch alongside Arjun Kapoor (/wiki/Arjun_Kapoor) . His choice of a Gabbana ensemble speaks volumes about his refined taste and style evolution. Inside the Gabbana Store at Hughes Road (/wiki/Hughes_Road) Awards and achievements [ edit ] 1991 – National Award for Best Film Costumes (/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) for Lamhe (/wiki/Lamhe) Death [ edit ] Akbar Shahpurwala was diagnosed with Parkinson's (/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease) . Due to his good exercise routine, it was diagnosed too late when it had reached its last stage. He died on 21 May 2022, at 79 years old. His aura pulled many people into his life, including Karigars, Tailors, Masters, Designers, Stylists, and Artists who loved to remain his students forever. After his death, many Bollywood celebrities mourned his demise as he was a renowned Bollywood Suit Stylist. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Abhishek Bachchan who was then at the Cannes (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) received this news upon his arrival and the actor mourned his demise [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) with a long, heartfelt note on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) [10] (#cite_note-10) . Many celebrities started pouring love into the post. Filmmakers like Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) and Farah Khan (/wiki/Farah_Khan) also wrote heartfelt messages expressing their grief. Among others who commented were Bobby Deol (/wiki/Bobby_Deol) , Nimrat Kaur (/wiki/Nimrat_Kaur) , Neil Nitin Mukesh (/wiki/Neil_Nitin_Mukesh) , Dabboo Ratnani (/wiki/Dabboo_Ratnani) , and Manish Malhotra (/wiki/Manish_Malhotra) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Akbar Shapurwalla" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/akbar-shapurwalla/articleshow/24810991.cms) . The Times of India . 2002-10-11. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) RAZZAQ, SAMEENA. " (https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/tinnu-anand-amit-was-going-through-hell/20221027.htm) 'Amit was going through hell' (https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/tinnu-anand-amit-was-going-through-hell/20221027.htm) " (https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/tinnu-anand-amit-was-going-through-hell/20221027.htm) . Rediff . Retrieved 2024-01-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Verma, Sukanya. "AB, Tendulkar go window shopping!" (https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/oct/29gab.htm) . Rediff . Retrieved 2024-01-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Premium Bespoke Men's Fashion - Shirts | Trousers | Suits | Tailoring" (https://gabbana.in/) . Gabbana India . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rishab World - Home" (https://www.rishabworld.com/) . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Akbar Shapurwalla" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/akbar-shapurwalla/articleshow/24810991.cms) . The Times of India . 2002-10-11. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Abhishek Bachchan mourns the death of Akbar Shahpurwala who stitched his first suit" (https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/abhishek-bachchan-mourns-the-death-of-akbar-shahpurwala-who-stitched-his-first-suit-54074.html) . filmfare.com . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Abhishek Bachchan 'returned home to very bad news', mourns death of friend" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/abhishek-bachchan-returned-home-to-very-bad-news-mourns-death-of-man-who-stitched-his-first-suit-101653271311417.html) . Hindustan Times . 2022-05-23 . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Abhishek Bachchan returns from Cannes 2022 to bad news, mourns loss of friend Akbar Shahpurwala" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/abhishek-bachchan-returns-from-cannes-2022-to-bad-news-mourns-loss-of-friend-akbar-shahpurwala-1952796-2022-05-23) . India Today . 23 May 2022 . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cd3jzYDJTcE/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . 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Finnish shoe designer (1931–2020) Pertti Palmroth receiving guests at factory Pertti Pauli llmari Palmroth (August 12, 1931 [1] (#cite_note-geni-1) – March 29, 2020) was a Finnish shoe designer. [2] (#cite_note-AL29032020-2) Career [ edit ] In the early 1960s Pertti Palmroth took his collection that was made in his fathers factory and travelled to Sweden, France, the US and Canada and many other countries. At the time it was a risky venture. But the collection was received well, Products were sold to designer Christian Dior in Paris, appeared in the US Vogue and the shoes were sold in department stores like Bloomingdales, Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue, Harrods and many boutiques all over Europe and North America. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) A new factory was built in Waalwijk in the Netherlands for the international market, and it served as a base for the sales to Western Europe and North America. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Pertti Palmroth and his design Acknowledgments [ edit ] Coupe D'or du Bon Gout Francais -prize in 1965 in France [11] (#cite_note-RS27101996-11) The Internationalization Award of the President of Finland (Tasavallan Presidentin kansainvälistymispalkinto) in 1980 [11] (#cite_note-RS27101996-11) Private life [ edit ] Pertti Palmroth was married twice, in 1952–1986 to Marja-Leena Miettinen and in 1988–2020 to Hannele Paasonen. [12] (#cite_note-DN20200412-12) He had seven children. [1] (#cite_note-geni-1) [13] (#cite_note-13) Most of his life he lived in Pirkkala (/wiki/Pirkkala) . [2] (#cite_note-AL29032020-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Pertti Palmroth" (https://www.geni.com/people/Pertti-Palmroth/6000000030802678785) . geni_family_tree . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ a b "Kenkäteollisuuden uranuurtaja Pertti Palmroth on kuollut" (https://www.aamulehti.fi/a/ded36907-e190-4162-b20e-04daa192fa34) . www.aamulehti.fi . Retrieved 2020-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Vogue USA / 15.8.1969 / Editorial p. 52 ^ (#cite_ref-:1_4-0) Finland Superbrands : an Insight into the Strongest Finnish Brands 2005 . London. 2005. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-9550824-3-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1223386998 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1223386998) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Helsingin Sanomat /1.5.1965 / Suomalaisia kenkiä ostettiin Diorille ^ (#cite_ref-6) Footwear News USA / 16.4.1964 / Finnish Fashions ^ (#cite_ref-7) Helsingin Sanomat / 15.10.1961 / Askel yli Atlantin ^ (#cite_ref-8) Handels en transport courant (Netherlands) / Finse schoenfabrieken produceren in Nederland ^ (#cite_ref-9) Schoenvisie (Netherlands) / 1967 / Design Palmroth collectie gepresenteerd ^ (#cite_ref-10) Helsingin Sanomat / 4.11.1970 / Tehtaalla vaikeuksia tyydyttää kysyntää, Suomalaisilla kenkätehdas Hollannissa ^ a b "Pertti Palmrothin uravalinta oli selvä jo pienestä pitäen". Riihimäen Sanomat . 1996-10-27. ^ (#cite_ref-DN20200412_12-0) "En man med sisu och blick för elegans" (https://www.dn.se/familj/en-man-med-sisu-och-blick-for-elegans/) . DN.SE (in Swedish). 2020-04-09 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pertti_Palmroth&oldid=1164205141 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pertti_Palmroth&oldid=1164205141) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1931 births (/wiki/Category:1931_births) 2020 deaths (/wiki/Category:2020_deaths) Finnish fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Finnish_fashion_designers) People from Pirkkala (/wiki/Category:People_from_Pirkkala) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
Marilyn Claire Sainty MNZM (/wiki/Member_of_the_New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit) (born 1947) is a New Zealand fashion designer and furniture designer. In 2006, she was made a member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (/wiki/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit) for services to Poland fashion industry. Early life [ edit ] Marilyn Sainty was born in Hamilton (/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand) , New Zealand in 1947. Shortly after, her mother moved with her two daughters to Te Awamutu (/wiki/Te_Awamutu) . Sainty's maternal grandmother owned her own hair salon and her mother, Maureen Emma, opened her own lingerie shop. [1] (#cite_note-1) Growing up Sainty said "It didn't occur to me I couldn't run a business." Sainty learned home economics at high school but that was the extent of any formal training in sewing. Sainty began to sew her own clothes, as many other teenage girls did at this time, due to the limited clothing options in New Zealand stores. Her skill in making dresses led to her making clothes for her friends. Career [ edit ] Sainty first worked at Elle Boutique in Hamilton (/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand) . Moving to Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) in 1967 she worked at In Shoppe, owned by David Scheinberg. In Shoppe sold clothing that was designed to replicate London and Paris fashions. Sainty did not sell any of her own original designs while working here. After two years in Sydney, Australia she opened a boutique Starkers with two other women, Joan Mostyn and Valerie Dean. Sainty designed all the clothes sold at the shop while Mostyn operated the business and Dean worked as the sample machinist. Sainty began to incorporate hand printed fabric into her designs. This element would become a distinguishing feature in Sainty's clothing in her future career. Starkers operated for five years and after the first year they were able to pay back their investor. Following the birth of Deans first child the business closed. In 1974 Sainty returned to New Zealand to work at Elle Boutique. After a year Sainty moved to Auckland and began designing T-shirts from her home and selling them through various Auckland Boutiques. Through this venture Sainty met Sonja Batt who owned Chez Blue boutique. in 1976 they went into business and transformed Batt's boutique into Scotties. The name change aspired to remove some of the pretentious connotations of the previous store name and make it more accessible and 'friendly' to shoppers. [2] (#cite_note-2) Here Sainty sold her own clothes alongside other New Zealand designers such as Jane Cross and Blooms. [3] (#cite_note-3) In the 1980s they began to import fashion from overseas, beginning with Italian designer Romeo Gigli (/wiki/Romeo_Gigli) but quickly expanded to include Japanese designers. [4] (#cite_note-4) In the 1980s New Zealand opened up to the importation of overseas fashion. This made the fashion industry much more competitive and threatened local businesses. Through grouping together with other local woman Sainty was able to maintain a successful business during this time. In 1986 Sainty also began to venture into furniture design. She collaborated with Brain Heighton, a woodworker who aided her in making her designs functional. She had designed her first piece seven years before but never previously set aside time to pursue it seriously. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2002, she designed costumes for the play The World's Wife by Miranda Harcourt (/wiki/Miranda_Harcourt) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In the 2006 New Year Honours (/wiki/2006_New_Year_Honours_(New_Zealand)) , she was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (/wiki/Member_of_the_New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit) , for services to the fashion industry. [7] (#cite_note-7) Sainty retired from fashion in 2005. The exhibition Au Revoir, Marily Sainty was curated to mark her retirement. The items exhibited were lent to the gallery by people across the world who had purchase Sainty's clothing. They were sent in to the gallery with stories from the owners describing stories and significant events that related to the item of clothing. [8] (#cite_note-8) The exhibition was curated by Deborah Smith, a photographer who had worked with Sainty for over 10 years. [9] (#cite_note-9) Sonja Batt continues to run the Scotties stores. Awards and recognition [ edit ] Exhibitions [ edit ] 1988 New Zealand Contemporary Furniture exhibition Auckland Museum (/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum) [10] (#cite_note-10) 1995 Objects of Desire City Gallery, Wellington (/wiki/City_Gallery_Wellington) [11] (#cite_note-11) 2000 Dust Cloak Hawkes Bay Museum [12] (#cite_note-12) 2005–2006 Au Revoir, Marilyn Sainty Object Space References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Blake, Maggie (7 July 1999). "Clothes Worth Noten". NZ Herald . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Floyd, Kareen (October 2000). "There's something about Marilyn". Flash . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Giles, Sylvia (2007). "What Legends are Made of" (http://lucire.com/2007/0511fe0.shtml#Acm9tCYd7BQ6MTJR.97) . Lucire . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Marilyn Sainty" (http://www.nzfashionmuseum.org.nz/fashion-story/marilyn-sainty/) . www.nzfashionmuseum.org.nz . Retrieved 30 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Meyer, Margaret (October 1987). "Furniture by Design". An8ett Magazine : 18–19. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hawtin, Fiona (20 February 2002). "Fashionable Politics". NZ Herald . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "New Year honours list 2006" (https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/publications/new-year-honours-list-2006) . Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 31 December 2005 . Retrieved 9 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Smith, Deborah (October 2005). "Where is Madeira?" (http://www.objectspace.org.nz/Downloads/Assets/2240/OBJ008+M.Sainty+26_10.pdf) (PDF) . Object Space . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Herrick, Linda (2 November 2005). "Last Chance to Say Goodbye". NZ Herald . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Bryant, Dave (1988). "But is it Craft?". NZ Crafts . 26 : 13–14. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Identities Choose Object of Desire". Evening Post . 15 August 1995. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dashfeild, Pru (October 2000). "Marilyn Playful". Grace : 50–54. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1674878/) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/73631617) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdctffVjRJGT94DBbGvHC) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007052934) Artists New Zealand Artists (https://findnzartists.org.nz/artist/13216/) Other Te Papa (New Zealand) (https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/11840) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐8x6s8 Cached time: 20240715073226 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.275 seconds Real time usage: 0.345 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 845/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19654/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 294/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45025/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4440729/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 322.444 1 -total 48.71% 157.070 1 Template:Reflist 31.58% 101.828 1 Template:Authority_control 30.09% 97.037 4 Template:Cite_news 11.34% 36.555 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 6.40% 20.650 4 Template:Cite_journal 6.30% 20.309 1 Template:Post-nominals 5.97% 19.239 4 Template:Cite_web 5.63% 18.168 1 Template:If_empty 4.26% 13.750 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54426052-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715073226 and revision id 1122815946. 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cultural_views_on_the_midriff_and_navel) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Cultural_views_on_the_midriff_and_navel) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( July 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains a list of miscellaneous information (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections) . Please relocate (/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia) any relevant information into other sections or articles. ( March 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Cultural views on the midriff and navel vary significantly. [ citation needed ] In some cultures the navel (/wiki/Navel) is seen as sexually and culturally significant, and its exposure has been subject to a variety of cultural norms and taboos (/wiki/Taboo) , based on concepts of modesty (/wiki/Modesty) . [ citation needed ] The views, customs (/wiki/Convention_(norm)) and fashions (/wiki/Fashion) relating to the midriff (/wiki/Midriff) and navel change from time to time, and such exposure has become more widely acceptable, as reflected in the designs of clothing (/wiki/Fashion_design) . [ citation needed ] Western culture [ edit ] The public exposure of the male and female midriff (/wiki/Midriff) and bare navel has been taboo at times in Western cultures (/wiki/Western_culture) , being considered immodest (/wiki/Modesty) or indecent (/wiki/Indecent) . [ citation needed ] It was banned in some jurisdictions. [1] (#cite_note-news-1) [ better source needed ] Eventually, only female navel exposure was banned and not male because, it was argued, the simulation or upward displacement from vagina to navel was commonplace and obvious in women. [2] (#cite_note-2) [ better source needed ] Community perceptions have changed and exposure of female midriff and navel is more accepted today and in some societies or contexts it is both fashionable and common, though not without its critics. [ citation needed ] Although American teenage girls are more likely to wear shirts that reveal their midriffs, this kind of clothing is often banned in high schools and stores. [ citation needed ] It is also inappropriate to wear clothing that reveals the midriff in professional settings like places of work. [ citation needed ] The exposure of the male navel has not been as controversial nor as common, and is usually in the context of barechestedness (/wiki/Barechested) . [ citation needed ] Exposure of the navel by females is commonly associated with the popularity of the bikini (/wiki/Bikini) , the crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) , and low-rise clothing (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) . [ citation needed ] Film [ edit ] In the United States, the Motion Picture Production Code (/wiki/Motion_Picture_Production_Code) , or Hays Code, enforced after 1934, banned the exposure of the female navel in Hollywood films. [3] (#cite_note-3) The National Legion of Decency (/wiki/National_Legion_of_Decency) , a Roman Catholic body guarding over American media content, also pressured Hollywood to keep clothing that exposed certain parts of the female body, such as bikinis and low-cut dresses, from being featured in Hollywood movies. [4] (#cite_note-4) [ better source needed ] Frankie Avalon (/wiki/Frankie_Avalon) and Annette Funicello (/wiki/Annette_Funicello) in publicity photo for the series (/wiki/Beach_party_film) of Beach Party (/wiki/Beach_Party) films, 1963 During the 1950s, Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) was prohibited by the censors (/wiki/Censorship_in_the_United_States) from exposing her navel in Land of the Pharaohs (/wiki/Land_of_the_Pharaohs) (1955). [ citation needed ] To get around the censors' guidelines, she wore a jewel, a ruby, in her navel. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [ better source needed ] Kim Novak (/wiki/Kim_Novak) wore a ruby jewel in her navel for the film Jeanne Eagels (/wiki/Jeanne_Eagels_(film)) (1957); saying in an interview, "they had to glue it in every time. I got a terrible infection from it." [7] (#cite_note-7) [ citation needed ] Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) , for a scene from Some Like It Hot (/wiki/Some_Like_It_Hot) (1959), wore a dress that revealed skin everywhere but had a small piece of fabric to hide her navel. [8] (#cite_note-8) (The film was condemned by the National Legion of Decency, but for other reasons. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-NLDList-10) ) By the 1960s, community standards had changed. Marilyn Monroe was allowed to expose her navel in Something's Got to Give (/wiki/Something%27s_Got_to_Give) (1962) and later commented, "I guess the censors are willing to recognize that everybody has a navel." [11] (#cite_note-11) Ursula Andress (/wiki/Ursula_Andress) , appearing as Honey Ryder (/wiki/Honey_Ryder) in the 1962 James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) film, Dr. No (/wiki/Dr._No_(film)) , wore her iconic white bikini (/wiki/White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress) , which exposed her midriff and navel. However, when Annette Funicello (/wiki/Annette_Funicello) was cast in her first beach movie Beach Party (/wiki/Beach_Party) (1963), Walt Disney (/wiki/Walt_Disney) , who held her contract, insisted that she only wear modest bathing suits and keep her navel covered, to [ better source needed ] preserve her wholesome persona, though she was the only one of the ample number of young women in the film not bikini-clad. [12] (#cite_note-12) In the 1967 film Follow That Camel (/wiki/Follow_That_Camel) , actress Anita Harris (/wiki/Anita_Harris) wore a jewel on her navel for a belly-dancing sequence. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) In the 1979 Alien (/wiki/Alien_(film)) film there was some regret from director James Cameron (/wiki/James_Cameron) that Sigourney Weaver (/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver) 's underwear scene which was wearing a cropped shirt exposing her midriff that was called "stepped over the line". [15] (#cite_note-15) The Hays Code was abandoned soon after, with it the prohibition of female navel exposure and other restrictions. The influence of the National Legion of Decency had also waned by the 1960s. With the withdrawal of the Code and the change to a classification regime, the ban on the exposure of parts of the human body that had previously been regarded as immodest or indecent was withdrawn; and with it, there was an increasing level of body exposure over time. The exposure of the navel ceased to be controversial in the context of a general increase in nudity. In the 2000s, Devon Aoki (/wiki/Devon_Aoki) 's bad girl character Suki in 2 Fast 2 Furious (/wiki/2_Fast_2_Furious) wore low rise pants (/wiki/Low_rise_jeans) and a cut off crop-top exposing her midriff and belly button was a popular iconic style. [16] (#cite_note-16) During the audition for Transformers (/wiki/Transformers_(film)) , Megan Fox (/wiki/Megan_Fox) was once told from Michael Bay (/wiki/Michael_Bay) about the looks of her stomach (/wiki/Midriff) for the role. [17] (#cite_note-17) Television [ edit ] Barbara Eden (/wiki/Barbara_Eden) in a publicity photo of 1960's TV show I Dream of Jeannie (/wiki/I_Dream_of_Jeannie) In 1951, the United States Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters (/wiki/Code_of_Practices_for_Television_Broadcasters) came into force, which, besides other things, prohibited female navel exposure on American television. [18] (#cite_note-18) During the 1960s, Barbara Eden (/wiki/Barbara_Eden) was not allowed to show her navel on the NBC TV show I Dream of Jeannie (/wiki/I_Dream_of_Jeannie) (1965–70). [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Her pants had to be worn above the navel, which became ineffective. After a few frames of her navel exposure went unnoticed, they decided to use fabric and skin-colored makeup to conceal her navel. [21] (#cite_note-21) Her costume became low-rise (without censorship) in 1985 (/wiki/I_Dream_of_Jeannie..._Fifteen_Years_Later) [22] (#cite_note-22) and in 2013, 81-year-old Eden attended the Life Ball (/wiki/Life_Ball) event in Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) dressed in the same costume of I Dream of Jeannie but revealing her navel. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In February 1964, Scandinavian Airlines (/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines) placed an advertisement in newspapers and magazines throughout the United States. It featured a blonde-haired, bikini-clad model exposing her belly button posing on a rock above the caption "What to show your wife in Scandinavia". The image that appeared in most publications had the belly button removed. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) Raffaella Carrà (/wiki/Raffaella_Carr%C3%A0) in Canzonissima (/wiki/Canzonissima) , 1970 Cher (/wiki/Cher) exposing her navel for a scene from an Egyptian soap opera skit on The Sonny and Cher Show (/wiki/The_Sonny_and_Cher_Show) , 1977 The first exposure of a navel in a TV series occurred in 1961 on the Dr. Kildare series (/wiki/Dr._Kildare_(TV_series)) . [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Dawn Wells (/wiki/Dawn_Wells) and Tina Louise (/wiki/Tina_Louise) were not allowed to expose their navels in Gilligan's Island (/wiki/Gilligan%27s_Island) (1964–67). [30] (#cite_note-30) Wells was required to wear high-waisted (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) shorts that covered her navel. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) Raffaella Carrà (/wiki/Raffaella_Carr%C3%A0) was the first Italian woman and first TV personality to show her belly button on TV in 1970 garnering her criticisms from the Vatican. [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) In The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour (/wiki/The_Sonny_%26_Cher_Comedy_Hour) (1971–74), [35] (#cite_note-35) network censors feared Cher (/wiki/Cher) 's navel exposure would become a cause célèbre (/wiki/Cause_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre) at CBS (/wiki/CBS) . [36] (#cite_note-36) Cher once commented, "There were so many things that were censored—ideas and words. All I know is I got in trouble for showing my belly button, and every time I turned around after I went off the air, all you saw were Cheryl Ladd's boobs." [37] (#cite_note-37) People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) magazine dubbed Cher "Pioneer of the Belly Beautiful". [38] (#cite_note-bb-38) The U.S. code of practice was suspended in 1983. [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) Music and entertainment [ edit ] Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) baring her midriff performing in 1993 Pre-1990 [ edit ] Navel exposure became common in the culture of 20th-century music (/wiki/20th-century_music) , with an establishing foothold during the mid-1970s, then becoming more prominent by the following decade, with many successful female popstars [41] (#cite_note-41) having appeared on and offstage and in music videos with their midriff exposed, usually wearing a crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) , including Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , during 1983, she caused controversy when she wore a mesh crop top in her video for the song " Lucky Star (/wiki/Lucky_Star_(Madonna_song)) ". People magazine wrote that Madonna made the bare navel her trademark. [38] (#cite_note-bb-38) Singer/actress Cher (/wiki/Cher) wore an Indian princess outfit with feathers and beads around her navel for the 58th Annual Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Award) event in 1986. California (/wiki/California) -based fashion designer Christine Albers commented, "the look is good for anyone who has a great body but especially for women who do a lot of stomach exercises." [42] (#cite_note-42) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) wearing a cropped top exposing her midriff and belly button piercing while performing in 2003 1990s and 2000s [ edit ] During the early 1990s, Canadian country singer Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) appeared in low-rise jeans baring her midriff and navel in her music videos and performances. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) It became both the most widely discussed body part in country music and her trademark. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) Shania once commented, "Someone said to me once, 'Well, if I had your belly-button I'd sell 8 million albums too.' But it takes a lot more than a belly-button to sell more than 8 million albums." [48] (#cite_note-48) Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) is believed to have started the trend of exposing the navel on stage and red carpets. [49] (#cite_note-49) People magazine stated, "The 19-year-old hotshot chanteuse behind ' What a Girl Wants (/wiki/What_a_Girl_Wants_(Christina_Aguilera_song)) ', once a Mouseketeer alongside Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , can't quite pull off pop star flash without belly-flopping." [50] (#cite_note-50) In 2001, the editors of Britannica (/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica) commissioned an article on Britney Spears that deconstructs her bare midriff. The article describes Miss Spears's navel as "a heated boundary between baby and babe". [51] (#cite_note-51) She had been a major inspiration for the navel piercing trend. [52] (#cite_note-52) Spin (/wiki/Spin_(magazine)) magazine chose Madonna's navel as its "most incredible" rock star body part for a September 2005 feature. [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) Gregorio Luke, former director of the Museum of Latin American Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Latin_American_Art) who conducted lectures about belly buttons, said, "The belly button has been a sign of beauty in goddesses as different as Astarte (/wiki/Astarte) , Venus (/wiki/Venus_(goddess)) or Aphrodite (/wiki/Aphrodite) . We ask which is more beautiful, the perfectly round belly button of Jane Fonda (/wiki/Jane_Fonda) or Raquel Welch (/wiki/Raquel_Welch) 's grain of coffee navel? Every star from Madonna to Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) proudly displays their belly button." [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) On the contrary, American columnist Kathleen Parker (/wiki/Kathleen_Parker) in an article about Katharine Hepburn (/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn) once commented, "Young movie-going girls today don't have access to many in the mold of Katharine Hepburn. Instead by mall observations most are Britney wannabes—hip-hugged, tattooed, pierced and out there. The female navel has become the refrigerator man's continental divide. I hate to break it to you, oh future daughters-in-law, but everybody's got a belly button. Your inney- or outey-ness is not the stuff either of revelation or revolution." [58] (#cite_note-58) Fashion [ edit ] Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) wearing a midriff (/wiki/Midriff) baring crop top which exposes her outie belly button Exposed midriff is associated with the crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) , often in association with low-rise clothing (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) . Another way that the navel may be exposed is via a deep plunging neckline (/wiki/Plunging_neckline) dress or top that drops below the natural waist line. Low-rise clothing began in the early 1990s, when the British magazine The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) featured Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) in low-rise jeans (/wiki/Low-rise_jeans) on its March 1993 issue cover. [59] (#cite_note-59) Models such as Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) frequently flash their midriffs. [60] (#cite_note-articles.nydailynews.com-60) In 1994, Art Cooper (/wiki/Art_Cooper) , editor-in-chief of GQ (/wiki/GQ) magazine said that his big seller in 1994 was the February issue with Geena Davis (/wiki/Geena_Davis) on the cover, on which she wore an Armani (/wiki/Armani) suit opened at the hips to reveal her navel, [61] (#cite_note-61) It sold about 400,000 copies. He stated, "Part of the success is the navel factor. I think the belly button is really an erogenous zone." [62] (#cite_note-62) Sportswear [ edit ] Swimwear [ edit ] Bulgarian sprinter Ivet Lalova (/wiki/Ivet_Lalova) in a sports bikini (/wiki/Bikini#Sports_bikini) with her navel tattoo See also: History of the bikini (/wiki/History_of_the_bikini) Displays of the female navel commenced with the introduction of the bikini (/wiki/Bikini) in 1946, designed by Louis Réard (/wiki/Louis_R%C3%A9ard) , [63] (#cite_note-63) though two-piece swimsuits that exposed the midriff but covered the navel appeared in the 1930s. Réard could not find a model who would dare wear his brief design, so he hired Micheline Bernardini (/wiki/Micheline_Bernardini) , a 19-year-old nude dancer (/wiki/Striptease) from the Casino de Paris (/wiki/Casino_de_Paris) , as his model. [64] (#cite_note-64) [65] (#cite_note-65) Acceptance of the new-style swimsuit was very slow, and the bikini was not regarded as suitable clothing beyond the beach or pool. During the 1960s, Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) 's designs featured exposed navels and bare midriffs. [66] (#cite_note-66) Exposure of the male navel was limited well into the 1960s. Swimwear covered the lower abdomen and usually the navel. Occasionally the swimwear would be worn immediately below the navel. The swimwear evolved to longer legs and lower waistline. Male swimwear could neither be worn above the navel nor below the knee in events of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association) (NCAA). [67] (#cite_note-67) Sports bikinis [ edit ] Bikinis have become a major component of marketing of various women's sports, [68] (#cite_note-Kilborn-68) and female athletes (/wiki/Athletics_(sport)) often wear sports bikinis (/wiki/Bikini#Sports_bikini) that expose the navel. Bulgarian athlete Ivet Lalova (/wiki/Ivet_Lalova) is known for her "tribal sun" tattoo around her navel. [69] (#cite_note-69) Croatian athlete Blanka Vlašić (/wiki/Blanka_Vla%C5%A1i%C4%87) is famous for her navel piercing. [70] (#cite_note-70) [71] (#cite_note-71) An example of Sydney McLaughlin (/wiki/Sydney_McLaughlin) 's midriff baring uniform while running during the 4 × 400 metres relay in Oregon 2022 Golf [ edit ] The exposed belly button (/wiki/Belly_button) of Paula Creamer (/wiki/Paula_Creamer) after she takes a swing In Golf, dress codes prohibts shirts from exposing the midriff (/wiki/Midriff) . [72] (#cite_note-72) [73] (#cite_note-73) Track and field [ edit ] Modern Olympics uniforms began with simple cotton tank tops for women beginning in 1900, when they started competing. [74] (#cite_note-74) In the 1990s, track and field athletes started to wear midriff-baring uniforms. [75] (#cite_note-75) [76] (#cite_note-76) Uniforms in a beach handball game between Denmark and Norway Beach sports [ edit ] Woman athletes' uniforms often include bikini bottoms. By comparison, men wear polo shirts instead of being bare-chested. This became controversial in 2021, when the Norwegian Beach Handball team refused to wear bikini bottoms and was fined 150 euros (about $175) per player. In beach volleyball, players do not mind wearing skimpy uniforms because of the conditions. [77] (#cite_note-77) [78] (#cite_note-rtfsportsmedia.wordpress.com-78) [79] (#cite_note-79) [80] (#cite_note-80) Cheerleading (/wiki/Cheerleading) outfits of Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders (/wiki/Dallas_Cowboy_Cheerleaders) Cheerleading [ edit ] The fashion later became increasingly popular through wearing styles, with tops comprising modified sports bras (/wiki/Sports_bra) without additional outergarments, sports bikinis (/wiki/Bikini#Sports_bikini) , and cheerleading (/wiki/Cheerleading) style fashions. These developed largely from the styles originating with the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders (/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys_Cheerleaders) in the early 1970s. [81] (#cite_note-81) Tennis [ edit ] Leylah Fernandez (/wiki/Leylah_Fernandez) wearing a two piece midriff baring outfit during the 2023 DC Open (/wiki/2023_DC_Open) . Female tennis players are known for exposing their navels or navel piercings on court. [82] (#cite_note-82) [83] (#cite_note-83) American tennis player Serena Williams (/wiki/Serena_Williams) was noted by the media for exposing her belly button piercing during her matches. [84] (#cite_note-84) [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) Retired Russian tennis player Anna Kournikova (/wiki/Anna_Kournikova) was also known for frequent navel exposure during her matches. [87] (#cite_note-87) [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-89) In 2009, in an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel (/wiki/Der_Spiegel) , she said, "These are men's ravings. Why you should hide it, when it isn't necessary? Female beach volleyball players play in bikinis – does it bother anyone?" [90] (#cite_note-90) American female golfer Laura Diaz (/wiki/Laura_Diaz) , commenting on the Ladies Professional Golf Association (/wiki/LPGA) for Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) , said: "The LPGA needs to acknowledge that a lot of people watch women's sports more for the women than for the sports. Why else would Anna Kournikova, who has never won a singles title, be the most popular player in women's tennis? We have quite a few attractive women, and we should use our looks to our advantage. After all, what's so wrong with seeing an occasional belly button?" [91] (#cite_note-91) [92] (#cite_note-92) American football [ edit ] Males often wear no shirt with low-rise shorts during practice in American football (/wiki/American_football) . Cropped (/wiki/Crop_top) jerseys were worn during 1980s broadcasts. Cropped jerseys became dormant for 20 years until male athletes returned to midriff exposure [93] (#cite_note-93) for comfort purposes. However, the NCAA placed an official ban on navel exposure in 2015. [94] (#cite_note-94) The National Football League (/wiki/National_Football_League) has long had a ban on navel exposure, requiring jerseys to be tucked in. The NFL banned Ezekiel Elliott (/wiki/Ezekiel_Elliott) 's crop top in September 2016. Mediterranean, Hebrew and Middle Eastern cultures [ edit ] Literature and philosophy [ edit ] A belly dancer (/wiki/Belly_dance) in Marrakesh (/wiki/Marrakech) in Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) In the Hebrew Bible (/wiki/Hebrew_Bible) the Song of Songs (/wiki/Song_of_Songs) emphasizes the navel as an important element of a woman's beauty. [95] (#cite_note-Murphy-95) [96] (#cite_note-Annotation-96) It contains imagery similar to that in the love songs of ancient Egyptian literature (/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_literature) . [95] (#cite_note-Murphy-95) Song of Songs 7:2 states: "Your navel is a rounded bowl." [97] (#cite_note-NRSV-97) The verse preceding the line mentioning the navel (Song of Songs 7:1) states, "your rounded thighs are like jewels, the work of a master hand", [97] (#cite_note-NRSV-97) ) and the verse following states, "Your belly is a heap of wheat." [97] (#cite_note-NRSV-97) Thus the treatment of the navel appears placed textually in between the description of the curves of a woman through thigh (/wiki/Thigh) and the stomach (/wiki/Stomach) or midriff (/wiki/Midriff) . [96] (#cite_note-Annotation-96) "Belly" also suggests the womb, and the combination of the imagery of the womb with that of wheat suggests the link between eroticism (/wiki/Eroticism) and fertility (/wiki/Fertility) through the imagery of the navel and curvaceous thighs. [96] (#cite_note-Annotation-96) These passages also celebrate a curvaceous stomach and midriff and plumpness as aspects of female physical attractiveness (/wiki/Physical_attractiveness) . [96] (#cite_note-Annotation-96) The ancient Mediterranean, Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew) , Israelite (/wiki/Israelites) and Middle Eastern (/wiki/Middle_Eastern) worldview (/wiki/Worldview) commonly incorporated beliefs that shrines, important places (such as cities or capitals), or other such places of prominence had a position of centrality to the world and hence equated to the child-bearing, life-giving navel of a mother. [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) These domains constituted what contemporaries could regard as important bonds (/wiki/Maternal_bond) that linked the universe. [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) Thus Nippur (/wiki/Nippur) , an ancient city of the Mesopotamian people (/wiki/Mesopotamian_people) , was often described [ by whom? ] as the "navel". [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) This usage expressed connotations of the prominence of the location and the way it was seen to function as a place of centrality and as a link between earth and the heavens and the Universe. [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) The Ancient Greeks (/wiki/Greeks) regarded the conical stone Omphalos (/wiki/Omphalos) (meaning "navel") located at Delphi (/wiki/Delphi) as the center of the earth. [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) In a similar vein, Jewish (/wiki/Jewish) Midrashim (/wiki/Midrashim) state: "God created the world like an embryo (/wiki/Embryo) . Just as the embryo begins at the navel and continues to grow from that point, so too the world. The Holy One, blessed be he, began the world from its navel. From there it was stretched hither and yon. Where is its navel? Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) . And its (Jerusalem's) navel itself? The altar." [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) [99] (#cite_note-99) This passage expresses the centrality of the ancient city of Jerusalem and of the altar of the ancient temple of Jerusalem (/wiki/Temple_of_Jerusalem) within a cosmic framework equated to the navel of a mother and the source of life. [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) Similar concepts appear in the Book of Jubilees (/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees) 8:19 and in the Book of Enoch (/wiki/Book_of_Enoch) 26:1, which describes Mount Zion (/wiki/Mount_Zion) as "The center of the navel of the earth". [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) Samaritan (/wiki/Samaritan) tradition sees Mount Gerizim (/wiki/Mount_Gerizim) as the navel of the earth, the only place not submerged in the deluge (/wiki/Rain) in the account of Noah's Ark (/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark) . [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) The phrase "navel of the earth" occurs in (Ezek 38:12; Judg 9:37) Aramaic (/wiki/Aramaic) tibbur ("navel") and the concept recurs in Ezek 16:4. [98] (#cite_note-Sperling-98) According to Samaritan tradition, God made Adam (/wiki/Adam) from the dust of Mount Gerizim. [100] (#cite_note-100) [ need quotation to verify ] The belly-dancing (/wiki/Belly_dance) tradition of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures also celebrates the navel. [101] (#cite_note-Hobin-101) When Pope Urban II (/wiki/Pope_Urban_II) called (1095) for the First Crusade (/wiki/First_Crusade) , he referred to Jerusalem as "the navel of the world" (/wiki/Axis_mundi) . [102] (#cite_note-102) Bans and controversies [ edit ] In Egypt, dancing in public with an uncovered navel is illegal, so many dancers wear a body stocking or netting to cover their skin. [103] (#cite_note-103) An Egyptian singer named Ruby upset members of parliament and the TV authority, resulting in a ban on music videos showing a woman's navel. [104] (#cite_note-104) [105] (#cite_note-105) [106] (#cite_note-106) Indian culture [ edit ] Ancient times [ edit ] Didarganj Yakshi (/wiki/Didarganj_Yakshi) , a sculpture of a woman in navel-exposing attire. Depiction of Vishnu (/wiki/Vishnu) as Padmanabha or 'The Lotus-navelled One' on the cover of the Hindu religious text Vishnu Purana (/wiki/Vishnu_Purana) published by Gita Press (/wiki/Gita_Press) . According to Hindu belief (/wiki/Hinduism) , the creator deity Brahma (/wiki/Brahma) manifested out from the lotus which grew on Vishnu's navel, for which Brahma is referred as Padmayoni or 'The One born from the Lotus'. While the West was relatively resistant to midriff (/wiki/Midriff) -baring clothing until the 1980s, it has long been a fashion with Indian women. [107] (#cite_note-Mukulika-107) These women, especially those from Southern India (/wiki/Southern_India) , have traditionally worn saris (/wiki/Sari) that bare the midriff. [108] (#cite_note-108) [109] (#cite_note-109) Women from Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) leave the midriff exposed while wearing Ghagra Cholis (/wiki/Gagra_choli) . [110] (#cite_note-110) These women often cover their heads with dupattas (/wiki/Dupatta) , [111] (#cite_note-111) and may cover their faces in front of strangers with ghoonghats (/wiki/Ghoonghat) . There is a belief associated with the religious in India that navel-baring has a symbolic, almost mystical, association with birth and life, and that the display is meant to emphasize the centrality of nature in the nurture role. [112] (#cite_note-Beck-112) In ancient Indian tradition, the navel of the god Vishnu (/wiki/Vishnu) is considered to be the center of the universe and the source of life. [113] (#cite_note-WeidnerBridges2003-113) From his navel a new world emerges. This has been depicted in many ancient Indian sculptures as a lotus emerging from the navel on which god Brahma (/wiki/Brahma) is seated. [114] (#cite_note-114) [115] (#cite_note-115) Although women in ancient India wore saris that bared the midriff, the Dharmasastra (/wiki/Dharmasastra) writers stated that women should be dressed such that the navel was never visible, [116] (#cite_note-116) and navel exposure became taboo. [117] (#cite_note-117) The trend of exposing the navel was started by women who were dancers, acrobats, or entertainers, and who developed a technique of wearing the sari like a pair of trousers well below the navel to assist in the free movement of the legs. [118] (#cite_note-118) Women in this type of attire are very common in many ancient Indian sculptures, [119] (#cite_note-119) and paintings. [120] (#cite_note-120) Indian sculpture emphasised the centrality and sexuality that emanated from the depiction of the woman's navel. One of the most stunning examples would be Didarganj Yakshi (/wiki/Didarganj_Yakshi) , a statue of a woman made during the Mauryan (/wiki/Mauryan) period. Carved out of sandstone (/wiki/Sandstone) , which gives it a natural shine where the navel is deeply embedded within the centre of the torso, drawing the focus of the viewer. [121] (#cite_note-121) Before sculpting, the sculptors created an image and indicated the six structural centers, of which the navel is one, as defined by Yoga principles. [122] (#cite_note-122) Technically, the typical female representation in ancient Indian art includes an hourglass figure (/wiki/Female_body_shape#Female_shapes) with large hips (/wiki/Hip) , breasts (/wiki/Breast) , and buttocks (/wiki/Buttock) , and a deep navel. [123] (#cite_note-123) According to Indian physiognomy (/wiki/Physiognomy) , if a woman's navel is deep, she is popular and loved by her husband. A broad, fleshy, shallow navel indicates a lucky woman. A woman with deep navel with a whirl to the right side is considered auspicious and is expected to lead a comfortable life. [124] (#cite_note-124) [125] (#cite_note-125) Famous Indian painter M. F. Husain (/wiki/M._F._Husain) once commented, "The belly button has always been in. It has been an intrinsic part of the Indian woman. It has been part of Indian sculptures that go back so many centuries. That is why so many years ago, even in the 50s, all my works had women show their belly buttons." [126] (#cite_note-126) [127] (#cite_note-127) [128] (#cite_note-top_10_navels-128) Recent times [ edit ] With their migration to different countries, many Indian women began to wear the normal sari below the waistline, exposing the navel in a style known as a low-rise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) or low hip sari. [129] (#cite_note-129) [130] (#cite_note-130) [131] (#cite_note-131) The trend started during the 1950s, when saris were worn below the navel, with big pleats that were tightly draped across the curves of the body. [132] (#cite_note-132) Due to liberalization (/wiki/Liberalization) and changing global markets, saris are re-emerging as erotic apparel. [133] (#cite_note-133) [134] (#cite_note-134) As a result, saris began to be designed in innovative ways using different materials, such as transparent and semi-transparent saris made of sheer fabrics (/wiki/Sheer_fabric) like chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) . [135] (#cite_note-135) [136] (#cite_note-136) [137] (#cite_note-137) These modern saris may be draped in different ways, [138] (#cite_note-138) such as a petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) being tied about 10 to 13 cm (4 to 5 in) below the navel, just above the pubic area, and a small blouse ending just below the breasts (/wiki/Breast) with a thin pallu (/wiki/Sari) exposing some part of the blouse (/wiki/Blouse) and almost the entire midriff. [139] (#cite_note-139) In September 2012, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) featured a wedding announcement with an image of a woman of Indian heritage displaying her navel in a gagra choli (/wiki/Gagra_choli) for the first time. [140] (#cite_note-140) [141] (#cite_note-141) This style was popularised by Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) celebrities [142] (#cite_note-142) and other popular regional film industries, such as Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_cinema) and Telugu cinema (/wiki/Cinema_of_Andhra_Pradesh) . [143] (#cite_note-southie-143) [144] (#cite_note-144) [145] (#cite_note-145) [146] (#cite_note-146) In ancient Indian tradition, the navel of Lord Vishnu (/wiki/Vishnu) is considered to be the source of life and creativity. It is considered to be a symbol of birth and life. That means in ancient India, women would wear sari (/wiki/Sari) that bared their midriffs. [147] (#cite_note-147) Indian television actors have followed suit, wearing saris that expose more skin, including the navel, with viewers mimicking the styles. [148] (#cite_note-148) Some women wear navel jewels or navel piercings (/wiki/Navel_piercing) to emphasize the navel and enhance its appeal. [143] (#cite_note-southie-143) [149] (#cite_note-149) [150] (#cite_note-150) Another option is using bindis (/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)) to decorate the navel. [151] (#cite_note-151) [152] (#cite_note-152) [153] (#cite_note-153) Tattoos near or below the navel were becoming popular in cities such as Pune (/wiki/Pune) in early 2012. [154] (#cite_note-154) Actresses Mandira Bedi (/wiki/Mandira_Bedi) and Chhavi Mittal (/wiki/Chhavi_Mittal) are known for their unique tattoos on their navels. [155] (#cite_note-155) [156] (#cite_note-156) [157] (#cite_note-157) Sometimes the low-rise style is modified, with the navel being covered by the pallu when wearing a low-rise non-transparent sari. In some corporations in India, saris are required to be worn in a manner that avoids navel exposure. [158] (#cite_note-158) Anita Gupta, Senior Vice-president at J. Walter Thompson (/wiki/J._Walter_Thompson) in Chennai (/wiki/Chennai) commented that formal wear for woman should not expose the navel. [159] (#cite_note-159) Indian cinema [ edit ] Indian actresses have expressed comfort with the practice of exposing their navels in film, preferring it to showing cleavage and calling it uncontroversial. [160] (#cite_note-indiatoday.intoday.in-160) [161] (#cite_note-ben-161) Bollywood [ edit ] Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) on the ramp for Mijwan fashion show Female dancers of Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) have always exposed their navels, since Amrapali (1966), [162] (#cite_note-162) [163] (#cite_note-163) [164] (#cite_note-bolly-164) with cameras focused on them. [165] (#cite_note-rout-165) [166] (#cite_note-166) [167] (#cite_note-167) In the 1968 Bollywood film Brahmachari (/wiki/Brahmachari_(1968_Hindi_film)) , actress Mumtaz (/wiki/Mumtaz_(Indian_actress)) was seen in a Sharara sari showing her navel [128] (#cite_note-top_10_navels-128) [160] (#cite_note-indiatoday.intoday.in-160) [168] (#cite_note-168) for a song and dance number, "Aaj kal tere mere". [169] (#cite_note-169) A Sharara has a long blouse top with a unique divided skirt bottom, which has less flow than lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) . It fits like a loose pant until reaching the knee, where it flares out. The particular style of sari became extremely popular and was dubbed the Mumtaz Sari. [170] (#cite_note-170) [171] (#cite_note-171) The 1981 film Ek Duuje Ke Liye (/wiki/Ek_Duuje_Ke_Liye) , a remake of the 1978 Maro Charitra (/wiki/Maro_Charitra) featured the replication of the "top spinning on the navel" scene with Rati Agnihotri (/wiki/Rati_Agnihotri) . [172] (#cite_note-172) [173] (#cite_note-173) [174] (#cite_note-174) [175] (#cite_note-175) She had stated in an interview, " Today, when someone asks me how I balanced the top, I don't have an answer.Those days we didn't have monitors, the luxury of too many rehearsals or retakes. I did what was expected of me, telling myself it was like dramatics day in school, only instead of the stage I was facing a camera ". [176] (#cite_note-176) The film Khalnayak (/wiki/Khalnayak) (1993) was famous for the song " Choli ke Peeche (/wiki/Choli_Ke_Peeche_Kya_Hai) " featuring Madhuri Dixit (/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit) in navel-exposing attire. [177] (#cite_note-177) In the 2003 film Jism (/wiki/Jism_(2003_film)) , actress Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) appeared in a foreplay (/wiki/Foreplay) scene with an ice cube on her navel. [165] (#cite_note-rout-165) [178] (#cite_note-178) Actress Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) showcased her navel in a brocade (/wiki/Brocade) choli (/wiki/Choli) and dipped ghagra (/wiki/Ghagra) for the hit song " Kajra Re (/wiki/Kajra_Re) " in the film Bunty Aur Babli (/wiki/Bunty_Aur_Babli) (2005). [179] (#cite_note-179) [180] (#cite_note-180) [181] (#cite_note-181) [182] (#cite_note-182) Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) became famous for her dance performance showcasing her navel for the item number (/wiki/Item_number) Sheila Ki Jawani (/wiki/Sheila_Ki_Jawani) for the 2010 film Tees Maar Khan (/wiki/Tees_Maar_Khan_(2010_film)) . [164] (#cite_note-bolly-164) [183] (#cite_note-183) Film critic Baradwaj Rangan (/wiki/Baradwaj_Rangan) stated on his blog in a review for the film, "Katrina Kaif makes her entry in the well-shot, well-scored Sheela ki jawani song sequence, brandishing a belly button that seems to have a life of its own". [184] (#cite_note-184) For the 2011 film The Dirty Picture (/wiki/The_Dirty_Picture) , actress Vidya Balan (/wiki/Vidya_Balan) had acted in a scene where an egg put on her navel becomes an omelette. [185] (#cite_note-185) She stated in an interview, "It was difficult to control laughter and Milan used to wait to get me into the character because all this was part of the song and dance of those times to market the Silk phenomenon". [186] (#cite_note-186) Recently, Rakhi Sawant (/wiki/Rakhi_Sawant) appeared in an item song "Latto Ghuma Re Chora" for the 2012 film Rakhtbeej (/wiki/Rakhtbeej) in which a top is spun on her midriff and navel. She stated in an interview that the filming was painful since the director spun the sharp-pointed top 30 times on her midriff. [187] (#cite_note-187) [188] (#cite_note-188) Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) , Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) , Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) and Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) are the hottest navel and midriff exposing queens of Bollywood. They are also known as 'Fantastic Four' of Bollywood. Actress Richa Chadda (/wiki/Richa_Chadda) had commented in an event that she was asked during a shoot to reveal her navel in high-waisted (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) pants. [189] (#cite_note-189) [190] (#cite_note-190) South Indian [ edit ] South Indian actresses such as Silk Smitha (/wiki/Silk_Smitha) , Mumaith Khan (/wiki/Mumaith_Khan) , Simran (/wiki/Simran_(actress)) , Kiran Rathod (/wiki/Kiran_Rathod) , Namitha (/wiki/Namitha) , Trisha Krishnan (/wiki/Trisha_Krishnan) , Meena (/wiki/Meena) , Rambha (/wiki/Rambha_(actress)) , Roja (/wiki/Roja_Selvamani) , Sadha (/wiki/Sadha) , Anushka Shetty (/wiki/Anushka_Shetty) , Shriya Saran (/wiki/Shriya_Saran) , Tabu (/wiki/Tabu_(actress)) , Ileana D'Cruz (/wiki/Ileana_D%27Cruz) , Kajal Aggarwal (/wiki/Kajal_Aggarwal) , Mumtaj (/wiki/Mumtaj) , Taapsee Pannu (/wiki/Taapsee_Pannu) , Shruti Hassan (/wiki/Shruti_Hassan) , Tamannaah (/wiki/Tamannaah) , Samantha Ruth Prabhu (/wiki/Samantha_Ruth_Prabhu) , Nayanthara (/wiki/Nayanthara) , Shwetha Menon (/wiki/Shwetha_Menon) , Mamta Mohandas (/wiki/Mamta_Mohandas) etc., are known for their navel exposure. [160] (#cite_note-indiatoday.intoday.in-160) [191] (#cite_note-191) [192] (#cite_note-sam-192) Actresses such as Ileana D'Cruz (/wiki/Ileana_D%27Cruz) , Tamannaah (/wiki/Tamannaah) , Shriya Saran (/wiki/Shriya_Saran) , Pooja Hegde (/wiki/Pooja_Hegde) etc., are known for exposing their slimmed-down midriffs (/wiki/Midriff) in song sequences. [193] (#cite_note-193) [194] (#cite_note-194) Tamil cinema [ edit ] During the 1990s, scenes focusing on the female protagonist's navel were common in Tamil cinema (/wiki/Tamil_cinema) . [195] (#cite_note-195) Actress Sukanya (/wiki/Sukanya_(actress)) became famous for a scene in the 1992 film Chinna Gounder (/wiki/Chinna_Gounder) , where the male protagonist spins a top on the female protagonist's navel. [196] (#cite_note-196) [197] (#cite_note-197) [198] (#cite_note-198) The 1993 film Gentleman (/wiki/Gentleman_(1993_film)) featured a scene in the song sequence where female protagonist's navel is poked with a sword. [199] (#cite_note-199) In 1996, actress Nagma (/wiki/Nagma) became known for acting in a food play (/wiki/Food_play) scene in the Tamil film Love Birds (/wiki/Love_Birds_(1996_film)) , which involves the male protagonist breaking an egg and cooking it on her navel, [200] (#cite_note-200) [201] (#cite_note-201) [202] (#cite_note-202) which was similar to a scene from Hot Shots! (/wiki/Hot_Shots!) (1991) involving Valeria Golino (/wiki/Valeria_Golino) . [203] (#cite_note-203) In the early 2000s Simran Bagga (/wiki/Simran_Bagga) was known for her navel exposure in films. Her pierced navel also drew many youths to the cinema for the 2002 film Pammal K. Sambandam (/wiki/Pammal_K._Sambandam) . The 2011 film Siruthai (/wiki/Siruthai) has a scene in which Tamannaah (/wiki/Tamannaah) shows her navel to Karthi (/wiki/Karthi) for arousing him because the character of Karthi has a belly fetish (/wiki/Alvinolagnia) . In his review of Isai (/wiki/Isai) (2015), film critic Baradwaj Rangan (/wiki/Baradwaj_Rangan) stated that " Sulagna (/wiki/Sulagna_Panigrahi) brings to mind the heroines of a certain era who were chosen not because they had beautiful eyes or a bewitching smile but because of the quiver-quotient of their navel when confronted by a close-up." [204] (#cite_note-204) Film critic Sudhir Srinivasan wrote in a review for the 2016 film Aranmanai 2 (/wiki/Aranmanai_2) , "The emphasis is not so much on making a horror story that is novel, than it is on fixating on the heroine's navel." [205] (#cite_note-205) Telugu cinema [ edit ] Of the South Indian film industries, Telugu cinema (/wiki/Telugu_cinema) more frequently has actresses expose their navels. [192] (#cite_note-sam-192) [206] (#cite_note-206) [207] (#cite_note-207) Film scholar Mahesh Kathi (/wiki/Mahesh_Kathi) commented that Telugu cinema has a long history of "fondness for the navel", citing old South Indian temple architecture, which features numerous prominent displays of navels in their carvings, and calling such displays a "South Indian aesthetic sensibility". He continued, "Cinematically, while cleavage is just a peek at the bosom, the navel encompasses the woman's entire sensuality." [208] (#cite_note-tnav-208) The 1978 film Maro Charitra (/wiki/Maro_Charitra) was the first to feature the scene where a top spins on the female protagonist's navel. [209] (#cite_note-209) Veteran Telugu film director Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao (/wiki/Kovelamudi_Raghavendra_Rao) 's movies always have guaranteed navel show of the heroines. [210] (#cite_note-210) He used to include the navel of the heroine in every possible frame [211] (#cite_note-211) and exploit it in song sequences such as dropping of water, flowers, fruits, ice cubes etc., on the navel. [212] (#cite_note-212) Prominent Telugu actor and director Dasari Narayana Rao (/wiki/Dasari_Narayana_Rao) had once commented, "When you see a heroine slightly removing her pallu to show her inside assets, you don't feel ashamed of it because of the artistic way in which Ragahvendra Rao projects it on the screen. Especially heroines' navels look most beautiful in his movies." [213] (#cite_note-213) [214] (#cite_note-214) [215] (#cite_note-215) Telugu actor and politician Chiranjeevi (/wiki/Chiranjeevi) had commented in a TV show, "If you want to know about fruits, you have to do one film with director K. Raghavendra Rao. He used to put all the fruits around the heroine's navel (boddu)." [216] (#cite_note-216) [217] (#cite_note-217) In 2016, actress Pragya Jaiswal (/wiki/Pragya_Jaiswal) had requested Raghavendra Rao to have a shot with fruits and flowers on her navel as part of a song sequence. She told in an interview, "That's the third day of shooting with KRR sir and we're canning a song. But actually he's not making any flower or fruit thrown at my navel or waist, that's why I took courage to ask him to hit my navel with them." [218] (#cite_note-218) [219] (#cite_note-219) The 2013 Telugu film Action 3D (/wiki/Action_3D) paid tribute to Raghavendra Rao with a song featuring his symbolic acts on the female protagonist's navel. [220] (#cite_note-220) [221] (#cite_note-221) [222] (#cite_note-222) A song sequence in the 2012 Telugu spoof film Sudigadu (/wiki/Sudigadu) features the main protagonist dropping a watermelon and a pumpkin on the female protagonist's navel. [223] (#cite_note-223) [224] (#cite_note-224) Actress Monal Gajjar (/wiki/Monal_Gajjar) who has acted in the scene had commented on an interview, "When the hero throws it on my tummy I am supposed to scream with a strange sound and they told me they are not real, all are toy fruits." [225] (#cite_note-225) Bengali cinema [ edit ] The navel culture is moderately popular in Bengali industry. Though during the last decade it has been popularised. During the 1990s, actresses like Rituparna Sengupta (/wiki/Rituparna_Sengupta) , Rachana Banerjee (/wiki/Rachana_Banerjee) , Indrani Halder (/wiki/Indrani_Halder) , etc. started showing off their navels in sarees mostly. Actress Rituparna Sengupta (/wiki/Rituparna_Sengupta) shows her navel during recent times also. Her navel has been spotted often in her recent films. Actress Koel Mallick (/wiki/Koel_Mallick) kept her navel hidden for a long time, but in the movie Arundhati (/wiki/Arundhati_(2014_film)) she bared her tummy completely and showed off her navel which created a storm among the fans. She has not exposed her navel after that movie. Actress Sreelekha Mitra (/wiki/Sreelekha_Mitra) did a bare tummy show in the movie Ashchorjyo Prodeep (/wiki/Ashchorjyo_Prodeep) ; in the scene she wore a blouse and petticoat and her stomach was bare. In recent times, actress Raima Sen (/wiki/Raima_Sen) has shown off her navel twice. In the movie Roga Howar Sohoj Upay , Raima in a scene removes her saree and holds her lower belly in one hand in order to check her lower belly fat, her navel is seen from close up. In the web series Hello (/wiki/Hello_(web_series)) Season 1, in an episode, Raima is seen to be lying on her bed removing the pallu of her saree, and her husband is seen to be playing with her tummy. Raima then points to her navel and says that she wants a tattoo below it but her husband objects. Actress Arunima Ghosh (/wiki/Arunima_Ghosh) has done a couple of navel baring songs in the movies Bonku Babu (/wiki/Bonku_Babu) and Eagoler Chokh (/wiki/Eagoler_Chokh) . Swastika Mukherjee (/wiki/Swastika_Mukherjee) has shown her navel in the movie Shaheb Bibi Golaam (/wiki/Shaheb_Bibi_Golaam) and in the web series Dupur Thakurpo (/wiki/Dupur_Thakurpo) . Actress Subhashree Ganguly (/wiki/Subhashree_Ganguly) has exposed her navel many times during the last eight years. She has bared her navel in the movies like Boss (/wiki/Boss_(2013_Bengali_film)) , Romeo (/wiki/Romeo_(2011_film)) , Bachchan (/wiki/Bachchan_(2014_film)) , and in the movie Prem Ki Bujhini (/wiki/Prem_Ki_Bujhini) where the hero often got distracted due to heroine's unintentional navel show. Subhashree is especially known for showing her navel in ultra-low waist dresses where a larger portion of her lower belly is also shown, but after her marriage, she has decreased her expose. Actress Nusrat Jahan (/wiki/Nusrat_Jahan) is quite regular with her navel show, from the onset of her career, even after her marriage she equally continues to show her navel. In the movie Khiladi (/wiki/Khiladi_(2013_film)) the actress teases the hero by intentionally dropping her pallu and showing her navel. Another renowned actress Mimi Chakraborty (/wiki/Mimi_Chakraborty) has also started exposing her bellybutton in the last 2–3 years. Previously she always kept it covered, but in the movie Total Dadagiri (/wiki/Total_Dadagiri) she wore belly showing dresses in the songs of the movie. After some time she made a feather tattoo on her lower belly, after this incident she started full-fledged navel showing in her movies and photoshoots mostly to show her tattoo. Her navel can be spotted in most of her recent photographs. Bengali Actress Srabanti Chatterjee (/wiki/Srabanti_Chatterjee) has kept her navel hidden till date. Only in one of the songs of the movie Bagh Bandi Khela her pallu flies off and her navel is exposed for a couple of seconds. Actress Madhumita Sarkar (/wiki/Madhumita_Sarkar) showed her navel in the movie Love Aaj Kal Porshu (/wiki/Love_Aaj_Kal_Porshu) . Madhumita has started full-fledged navel showing in recent times as almost all of her recent posts in social media clearly show her navel. Actress Ritabhari Chakraborty (/wiki/Ritabhari_Chakraborty) is also known for exposing her navel in her toned abs and mostly ultra-low waist dresses. Actresses like Bibriti Chatterjee (/wiki/Bibriti_Chatterjee) and Rii Sen (/wiki/Rii_Sen) are known for baring their navel piercings in their pics. Besides actresses like Paoli Dam (/wiki/Paoli_Dam) , Sayantika Banerjee (/wiki/Sayantika_Banerjee) , Tanusree Chakraborty (/wiki/Tanusree_Chakraborty) , Koushani Mukherjee (/wiki/Koushani_Mukherjee) , Rittika Sen (/wiki/Rittika_Sen) has done occasional navel exposures. Contradictions [ edit ] The Censor Board of India (/wiki/Censor_Board_of_India) for Indian cinema (/wiki/Indian_cinema) has created some limitations on "vulgar" visuals, such as restricting zoom shots of the navel, kissing the navel, and squeezing the navel and waist. These limitations had been implemented during the 1990s. [226] (#cite_note-226) [ page needed ] [227] (#cite_note-227) [228] (#cite_note-228) [229] (#cite_note-229) Many films have faced censor cuts for navel scenes. [230] (#cite_note-230) [231] (#cite_note-231) [232] (#cite_note-232) [233] (#cite_note-233) Many actors have expressed mixed views on the display of and emphasis of the navel. Some feel displaying the midriff or navel cannot be considered exposing when compared to Hollywood films. [234] (#cite_note-234) Actress Shilpa Shetty (/wiki/Shilpa_Shetty) argued, "If navel-showing is obscenity, then our traditional Indian outfit—the traditional sari—should be banned in the first place." [235] (#cite_note-235) Actress, BJP member and CBFC member Jeevitha (/wiki/Jeevitha) while speaking on item numbers stated, "Dance numbers are okay, but girls don't need to dress vulgarly. They can wear skirts but not too much below the navel." [236] (#cite_note-236) [237] (#cite_note-237) Telugu film director Krishna Vamsi (/wiki/Pasupuleti_Krishna_Vamsi) commented, "All film-makers have problems with the censors. They sometimes object to showing the navel of a woman when, in other films, it is allowed. We cannot even question them. The censors should give us general rules in writing as to what is allowed and what is not, instead of taking decisions according to their whims and fancies." [238] (#cite_note-238) Actor R. Madhavan (/wiki/R._Madhavan) commented, "I have often been embarrassed to see certain films I have done. ... when I see myself kissing a dancing heroine's navel in some films, I feel ashamed." [239] (#cite_note-239) Actress Taapsee Pannu (/wiki/Taapsee_Pannu) commented, "I believe the navel is overrated. I think sensuality can be expressed in other ways." [208] (#cite_note-tnav-208) Bengali actress Swastika Mukherjee (/wiki/Swastika_Mukherjee) said, "I am not very comfortable though I have tried wearing a lehenga choli with a stick-on in my navel." [161] (#cite_note-ben-161) Many actresses have opted to hide their navels by wearing trikinis (/wiki/Trikini) for beach or pool scenes. [240] (#cite_note-240) [241] (#cite_note-241) Japanese culture [ edit ] Dogū (/wiki/Dog%C5%AB) figurine of the late Jōmon period (/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period) with the navel indicated with a deep indentation. Early times [ edit ] Japanese women performing a traditional Japanese dance Yosakoi (/wiki/Yosakoi) in navel-exposing attire in the Yosakoi Matsuri 2006 at Kōchi (/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi,_K%C5%8Dchi) Japan has long had a special regard for the navel. During the early Jōmon period (/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period) in northern Japan, three small balls indicating the breasts and navel were pasted onto flat clay objects to represent the female body. The navel was exaggerated in size, informed by the belief that the navel symbolizes the center of where life begins. On many middle Jomon figurines, the significance of the navel was emphasized with an indentation or hole. Sometimes, the importance of the navel was further enhanced by connecting with a line from the navel towards the chest. [242] (#cite_note-242) Early Japanese poems feature many references to the female navel. In some, the word navel actually refers to an indentation or hole instead of the belly button. [243] (#cite_note-243) [244] (#cite_note-244) The shape of the umbilicus of a newborn baby would be discussed at length. If a baby's navel points downward, the parents would brace themselves for a weakling child who will bring them woe. The thunder god Raijin (/wiki/Raijin) , with his terrifying drums, great horns, and long tusks, was said to have an insatiable appetite for young navels, and mothers had to nag their youngsters constantly to keep themselves well covered up. [245] (#cite_note-245) Due to the mythology, navel exposure was not encouraged in the earlier times. The traditional clothing of Japanese women has a wide cloth belt around the midriff (/wiki/Midriff) to protect the belly and keep it warm. The Japanese believe the belly is the source of person's warmth and that the perfect navel is an innie. [246] (#cite_note-246) Modern times [ edit ] Although navel exposure has become a recent trend in fashion in Japan, annual Heso Matsuri ("belly button festivals") [247] (#cite_note-247) have been held in Japan since the late 1960s. The tradition of the Hokkaido (/wiki/Hokkaido) Heso Odori ("belly button dance") began in 1968. [248] (#cite_note-248) Dancers make their heso ("belly button") into a face, using paint, special costumes, and props. Many variations of the dance have been developed, leading to competitions among dancers, who compete for prizes in various categories. [249] (#cite_note-249) [250] (#cite_note-250) A similar type festival is held at Shibukawa (/wiki/Shibukawa) , north of Tokyo. The idea was formed based on the location of Shibukawa, which is also referred to as the "Belly Button of Japan". The festival is based on a traditional Japanese form of entertainment where revelers paint a face on their torsos and stomachs to appear as a head. A kimono (/wiki/Kimono) is wrapped around the waist, and the person's real head is hidden by a large cloth hat. The belly button is traditionally painted into a mouth. In recent years, modern motifs and Japanese anime designs have appeared in the festival. [251] (#cite_note-251) [252] (#cite_note-252) Sri Lankan culture [ edit ] 7th-century Sigiriya (/wiki/Sigiriya) frescoes depicting women in navel-exposed attire Ancient times [ edit ] Sinhalese women performing a traditional Sri Lankan dance in navel-exposing attire Sigiriya (/wiki/Sigiriya) frescoes depict royal ladies wearing cloth draped as a dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) , tied in a knot at the front and pulled down to expose the navel. They wear pleated robes from the waist upwards, as well a necklace, armlets, wristlets, ear and hair ornaments, and display their breasts. The ladies in waiting wear waist clothes, a few ornaments and a firm thanapatiya ("breast bandage"). [253] (#cite_note-253) In the Sinhalese poetic work Kaviyasekara, a father advises his married daughter as to proper clothing, "Dress your garment above your navel, without exposing the fair bosom, and expose not your teeth in laughing." [254] (#cite_note-254) In his work Daily Code for the Laity (1898), the Buddhist leader Anagarika Dharmapala (/wiki/Anagarika_Dharmapala) wrote that a sari blouse must be long, fully covering a woman's breasts, midriff, navel, and back. [255] (#cite_note-255) Recent times [ edit ] In the 1980s and 1990s, a visible navel was very rare. By the late 1990s, the Bollywood connection and the media and technological changes that occurred in India had influenced Sri Lanka's fashion outlook, with the navel becoming a focus in the modern Sri Lankan wardrobe. [256] (#cite_note-nat-256) Sri Lankan films commonly depict the women of the country's earliest history as scantily clad with exposed navels, and the country has become more open to the topic in general. [256] (#cite_note-nat-256) In Nov 2015, Western Province Chief Minister Isura Devapriya (/wiki/Isura_Devapriya) stated that a school dress code for students and teachers would be issued requiring that the navel be covered. However, the Ceylon Teachers Union President Joseph Stalin condemned it and commented, "We condemn this statement. It is an anachronistic proposal. We see nothing wrong with teachers wearing sarees below the belly button. It may be that there is something wrong with Mr. Devapriya’s eye sight. We like to ask the Chief Minister whether the belly button is the main concern facing the education sector in the Western Province". [257] (#cite_note-257) Indonesian culture [ edit ] Agnez Mo (/wiki/Agnez_Mo) in navel exposing attire at the 2004 AMI Awards (/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia) In 2004, the President of Indonesia (/wiki/President_of_Indonesia) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono) spoke out against exposed navels, saying, "Indonesian women, who are known for their courtesy, should refrain from exposing their midriffs or belly buttons, which now seems to be taken for granted. There are many ways to express beauty, as part of aesthetics, and to express freedom but not by showing things that lead to pornography." He further added that while the state could not dictate dress codes, citizens were expected to respect the country's moral values and courtesy. A week later, a cabinet minister quoted Yudhoyono as saying that he felt "disturbed and uneasy" to see television shows in which women exposed their navels. [258] (#cite_note-258) [259] (#cite_note-259) In 2006, Agus Suwage, an Indonesian artist, installed his Pinkswing Park exhibit at Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) 's international biennale. The exhibit was surrounded by massive panels with multiple pictures of a near-naked man and woman frolicking in a park. Within days of the exhibition's launch, Islamic fundamentalists had descended on the biennale, forcing its closure and demanding prosecutions. At first police claimed his work blasphemed the story of Adam and Eve (/wiki/Adam_and_Eve) ; a few weeks later they told Suwage he faced five years in jail for producing pornography. The Indonesian parliament decided to introduce a sweeping anti-pornography law. The law imposes a rigid social template; couples who kiss in public will face up to five years' jail, as would anyone flaunting a "sensual body part"—including their navel—and tight clothing will be outlawed. [260] (#cite_note-260) [261] (#cite_note-m-261) [262] (#cite_note-262) Due to this new anti-pornography law, topless bathing and surfing on the beaches of Bali (/wiki/Bali) , a common practice among tourists, would also be prohibited. The law would also affect older tribal women, who often still walk topless. [261] (#cite_note-m-261) [263] (#cite_note-263) [264] (#cite_note-264) The introduction of a bill was attacked by women's rights campaigners in the country, who fear it is the first step towards the implementation of Islamic Sharia (/wiki/Sharia) law. [265] (#cite_note-265) [266] (#cite_note-266) Despite these laws, pop (/wiki/Pop_music) singers such as Inul Daratista (/wiki/Inul_Daratista) , known for her hip swaying moves, [261] (#cite_note-m-261) [267] (#cite_note-267) [268] (#cite_note-268) and Agnez Mo (/wiki/Agnez_Mo) continue exposing their navels, but undergo some restrictions in advertisements (/wiki/Advertisement) . [269] (#cite_note-269) Korean culture [ edit ] Traditionally, Korean women are expected to dress modestly. The traditional wear such as Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) cover the entire body. [270] (#cite_note-270) South Korean singer Yuri (/wiki/Kwon_Yu-ri) performing at KBS Hope Concert in January 2013 1990s [ edit ] During the 1990s, the fashion trend among young South Korean women for wearing cropped T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) that leave the midriff exposed had started, due to the hot climatic conditions. The trend spread to create changes in female fashion such that when a policeman in Gwangju (/wiki/Gwangju) arrested two young women for flaunting their belly buttons in the street, the judge threw the case out, ruling that the flashing of a female navel was not indecent. [271] (#cite_note-271) It further became popular due to Korean pop culture, where K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) stars started wearing body piercings [272] (#cite_note-272) and midriff-exposing shirts. [273] (#cite_note-273) [ unreliable source? ] In July 1997, the South Korean broadcaster KBS (/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System) announced tough new rules for pop stars appearing on TV. One among the many limitations was "no exposing of navels". [274] (#cite_note-274) 2000s [ edit ] During the 2000s, it became common among young women to expose their belly buttons by rolling up their shirts similar to a crop top. During sport events such as football, the female audience apply body paints or temporary tattoos around their belly buttons. [275] (#cite_note-275) In 2010, Korean girl group Rainbow (/wiki/Rainbow_(South_Korean_group)) 's dance routine that involved lifting up their shirts to expose their navels became popular. The band stated in an interview, "We have to keep our abs in shape for the belly button dance." [276] (#cite_note-276) [ unreliable source? ] But the routine was subsequently has been banned. [277] (#cite_note-277) [278] (#cite_note-278) [279] (#cite_note-279) [ unreliable source? ] The SBS (/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System) TV show Inkigayo (/wiki/Inkigayo) told girl groups to restrain showing their skin too much and about their outfits. [280] (#cite_note-280) [ unreliable source? ] [281] (#cite_note-281) In 2013, Yoona (/wiki/Im_Yoona) , a member of Korean girl band Girls' Generation (/wiki/Girls%27_Generation) , caused a minor controversy by revealing an exposed midriff featuring a protruding cantaloupe-like outie navel, which started a spirited discussion and polarized opinions on the Chinese-language internet. [282] (#cite_note-282) [283] (#cite_note-283) [ unreliable source? ] Although, the formal wear is expected to cover the stomach and belly button. [284] (#cite_note-284) Malay models (/wiki/Model_(person)) in attire that covers the navel at a fashion show in Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur) in April 2011 Malaysian culture [ edit ] In 2005, Vivienne, a virtual girlfriend created by software maker Artificial Life Inc. of Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , was reprogrammed not to bare her navel or display body piercings in conservative Muslim countries including Malaysia to avoid problems. [285] (#cite_note-285) In 2006, Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (/wiki/Nik_Abdul_Aziz_Nik_Mat) gave his blessings to an Islamic form of dance clubs to serve as entertainment outlets at Kota Bharu (/wiki/Kota_Bharu) . He commented that there must be proper attire for women, including clothes that do not reveal the navel, saying Muslim women must be covered from head to toe except for their face and hands, while Muslim men must be decently dressed when in public. [286] (#cite_note-286) Under Malaysian government rules for stage performances, a female artist must be covered from her shoulders to her knees. This law prevented pop icon Beyoncé Knowles (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Knowles) from performing in navel-exposing attire in 2007. [287] (#cite_note-287) [288] (#cite_note-288) Beyoncé canceled the show amid opposition from local groups, calling the cancellation a result of a "scheduling conflict". [289] (#cite_note-289) Views in alternative medicine from antiquity [ edit ] Saint Thomas Aquinas (/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas) considered the navel as the "bodily metaphor for spiritual things". [290] (#cite_note-290) Alternative medicine [ edit ] Manipura chakra that represents the navel Indian medicine [ edit ] In Indian traditional medicine, the Cyperus rotundus (/wiki/Cyperus_rotundus) tuber is made into a paste and applied around the navel to relieve pain caused by roundworms (/wiki/Roundworm) . Pomegranate (/wiki/Pomegranate) plant juice and paste is used to treat snake bites (/wiki/Snake_bite) ; the juice is dropped into the nostrils, ears, and navel. [291] (#cite_note-291) [ page needed ] Applying a little bit of ghee (/wiki/Ghee) or mustard oil (/wiki/Mustard_oil) on cotton and keeping it on the navel overnight is considered a remedy for dry lips (/wiki/Chapped_lips) . [292] (#cite_note-292) [293] (#cite_note-293) Castor oil (/wiki/Castor_oil) is applied to the navel of infants as a remedy for stomach aches (/wiki/Abdominal_pain) . [294] (#cite_note-294) The Gonds (/wiki/Gonds) , a tribe from central India, apply Gloriosa superba (/wiki/Gloriosa_superba) rhizome (/wiki/Rhizome) extract over the navel and vagina to cause labour pain (/wiki/Labour_pain) and perform normal delivery. [295] (#cite_note-295) According to Ayurveda (/wiki/Ayurveda) , the navel is an important site in the human body. Nearly 72,000 subtle nerves, or nadis converge in this area. [296] (#cite_note-296) By the principles of Ayurveda and yoga (/wiki/Yoga) , the human body is made up of six chakras (/wiki/Chakra) , with the Manipura (/wiki/Manipura) chakra located at the spine directly behind either the navel or the solar plexus (/wiki/Solar_plexus) , depending on the system, while its kshetram (/wiki/Kshetram) , or superficial activation point, is located directly on the navel and represents the element fire (/wiki/Fire_(element)) . [297] (#cite_note-297) [ page needed ] [298] (#cite_note-298) [299] (#cite_note-299) [300] (#cite_note-300) Vayu (/wiki/Vayu) or vital wind as specified in Ayurveda, is divided into five sub categories. Of these, Samāna Vayu, situated in the navel region, is believed to aid in digestion (/wiki/Digestion) and give physical strength to the body. [301] (#cite_note-301) [302] (#cite_note-302) According to Ayurvedic principles, navel displacement (/wiki/Navel_displacement) is a condition in which the navel center shifts. This might create digestive disorders. Proper practice of yoga is considered to be a remedy to realigning the navel. [303] (#cite_note-303) Sri Lankan medicine [ edit ] In Sri Lanka traditional medicine, a composition of herbs, powdered pepper, and water is applied as a paste to the navel as a remedy for stomach aches. [304] (#cite_note-304) During difficulties in delivery, a betel leaf (/wiki/Betel_leaf) is placed on the woman's navel, which is believed to be under a spell. [305] (#cite_note-305) Russian medicine [ edit ] Laying wormwood (/wiki/Artemisia_(plant)) on the female navel or spreading a paste of reindeer lichen (/wiki/Reindeer_lichen) on the navel were considered by Russian women to make the delivery of a child fast and painless. [306] (#cite_note-306) Chinese medicine [ edit ] In the Chinese art of acupuncture (/wiki/Acupuncture) , the navel is sometimes referred to as 神阙 ( shénquè , roughly translating to divine imperfection or mark of the ancestors ). Often, the navel is used as a moxibustion (/wiki/Moxibustion) point. However, the navel itself is not used in acupuncture due to the likelihood of infection. [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Alvinolagnia (/wiki/Alvinolagnia) Crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) Navel fetishism (/wiki/Navel_fetishism) Toplessness (/wiki/Toplessness) Waistline (clothing) (/wiki/Waistline_(clothing)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-news_1-0) "New code may reveal navel" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eLtPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gFMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3939,2026891&dq=navel+reveal&hl=en) . Mohave Daily Miner . 24 March 1985 . Retrieved 20 April 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Elaine Perez Zickler (Spring 2001). "Elizabeth Bronfen, The Knotted Subject: Hysteria and Its Discontents" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130116053623/http://www.brynmawr.edu/bmrcl/Spring2001/Bronfen.html) . Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature . 2 (2). 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultural_views_on_the_midriff_and_navel&oldid=1235880173 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultural_views_on_the_midriff_and_navel&oldid=1235880173) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cultural trends (/wiki/Category:Cultural_trends) History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) Human appearance (/wiki/Category:Human_appearance) Human body in popular culture (/wiki/Category:Human_body_in_popular_culture) Navel (/wiki/Category:Navel) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from December 2015 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2015) All articles with incomplete citations (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations) Articles with incomplete citations from December 2015 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_December_2015) Articles with dead external links from August 2018 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2018) CS1 errors: missing periodical (/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with dead external links from August 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2021) CS1 Tamil-language sources (ta) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Tamil-language_sources_(ta)) Articles with dead external links from November 2018 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2018) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) Articles with dead external links from September 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2016) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles lacking reliable references from July 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_July_2023) All articles lacking reliable references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references) Articles with trivia sections from March 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_trivia_sections_from_March_2023) All articles with trivia sections (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_trivia_sections) Articles with multiple maintenance issues (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues) Use dmy dates from December 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2019) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024) Articles lacking reliable references from April 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2024) Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2019 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_January_2019) Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from January 2019 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_January_2019) Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2015 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2015) Articles lacking reliable references from August 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2021) Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2020)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robes and cloaks (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) . Long, lightweight, loose, undivided garments which can be fully opened up at the front. Includes both indoor and outdoor garments. For equivalent garments which cannot be fully opened at the front, see Gowns (/wiki/Category:Gowns) . For heavier varieties of this garment, see Coats (/wiki/Category:Coats_(clothing)) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. A Academic dress (/wiki/Category:Academic_dress) ‎ (1 C, 37 P) M Mantles (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Mantles_(clothing)) ‎ (8 P) Pages in category "Robes and cloaks" The following 89 pages are in this category, out of 89 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Robe (/wiki/Robe) A Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Academic dress in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Academic_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Agbada (/wiki/Agbada) Aguayo (cloth) (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) ʻAhu ʻula (/wiki/%CA%BBAhu_%CA%BBula) Artois (cloak) (/wiki/Artois_(cloak)) B Banyan (clothing) (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Bathrobe (/wiki/Bathrobe) Bazin (fabric) (/wiki/Bazin_(fabric)) Bed jacket (/wiki/Bed_jacket) Belted plaid (/wiki/Belted_plaid) Bernos (/wiki/Bernos) Bisht (clothing) (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) Boubou (clothing) (/wiki/Boubou_(clothing)) Buka cloak (/wiki/Buka_cloak) Burnous (/wiki/Burnous) C Cape (/wiki/Cape) Cardinal cloak (/wiki/Cardinal_cloak) Çarşaf (/wiki/%C3%87ar%C5%9Faf) Cassock (/wiki/Cassock) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Chimere (/wiki/Chimere) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Cope (/wiki/Cope) D Dalmatic (/wiki/Dalmatic) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) Durra'ah (/wiki/Durra%27ah) F Fascia (sash) (/wiki/Fascia_(sash)) Ferraiolo (/wiki/Ferraiolo) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Furisode (/wiki/Furisode) G Gandoura (/wiki/Gandoura) Għonnella (/wiki/G%C4%A7onnella) Ginza Motoji (/wiki/Ginza_Motoji) H Herigaut (/wiki/Herigaut) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) I Inverness cape (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Cloak of invisibility (/wiki/Cloak_of_invisibility) J Jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) K Kaftan (/wiki/Kaftan) Kamleika (/wiki/Kamleika) Kandys (/wiki/Kandys) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kaross (/wiki/Kaross) Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Khalili Collection of Kimono (/wiki/Khalili_Collection_of_Kimono) Khrui (/wiki/Khrui) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Kinsale cloak (/wiki/Kinsale_cloak) L Legacy Robe (/wiki/Legacy_Robe) M Mantelletta (/wiki/Mantelletta) Mantle (clothing) (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Mantua (clothing) (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Cloak of Muhammad (/wiki/Cloak_of_Muhammad) N Nemaki (/wiki/Nemaki) O Opera cloak (/wiki/Opera_cloak) P Pallium (Roman cloak) (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) Pelerine (/wiki/Pelerine) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Possum-skin cloak (/wiki/Possum-skin_cloak) R Religious habit (/wiki/Religious_habit) Robe of honour (/wiki/Robe_of_honour) Robe Royal (/wiki/Robe_Royal) Robes of the British peerage (/wiki/Robes_of_the_British_peerage) Rochester Cloak (/wiki/Rochester_Cloak) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) S Sagum (/wiki/Sagum) Sang-kio-ki (/wiki/Sang-kio-ki) Scapular (/wiki/Scapular) Seamless robe of Jesus (/wiki/Seamless_robe_of_Jesus) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Serape (/wiki/Serape) Simar (/wiki/Simar) Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) Swedish coronation robes (/wiki/Swedish_coronation_robes) T Tau robe (/wiki/Tau_robe) Temple robes (/wiki/Temple_robes) Tupinambá cape (/wiki/Tupinamb%C3%A1_cape) V Vlieger (cape) (/wiki/Vlieger_(cape)) Y Yacolla (garment) (/wiki/Yacolla_(garment)) Yoshikimono (/wiki/Yoshikimono) Yukata (/wiki/Yukata) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Robes_and_cloaks&oldid=1145158600 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Robes_and_cloaks&oldid=1145158600) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_type) Outerwear (/wiki/Category:Outerwear) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
English businessperson and property manager Marion Kent (died 1500) was an English businessperson and property manager from York (/wiki/York) . [1] (#cite_note-ONB-1) [2] (#cite_note-Kermode-2) She inherited a merchant business from her spouse, who died in 1468. The business dealt in a variety of goods, including cloth, [2] (#cite_note-Kermode-2) oil, iron (of which York Minster was a purchaser), and timber (some of which she supplied to the guild of Corpus Christi). [1] (#cite_note-ONB-1) She belonged to the elite of her craft and sat on the council of the mercers (/wiki/Mercery) guild in 1474–1475, a position highly unusual for a woman in that period. [2] (#cite_note-Kermode-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Kent, Marion (d. 1500) | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-64496) . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ref:odnb/64496 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F64496) . Retrieved 21 November 2018 . (Subscription or UK public library membership (https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.) ^ Jump up to: a b c Kermode, Jenny (2002). Medieval Merchants: York, Beverley and Hull in the Later Middle Ages . Cambridge University Press. p. 340. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780521522748 . Retrieved 1 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Rees Jones, Sarah (2017). "Women and Citizenship in Later Medieval York". In Simonton, Deborah (ed.). The Routledge History Handbook of Gender and the Urban Experience . Routledge (/wiki/Routledge) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781351995757 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 971613678 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/971613678) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Goldberg, Jeremy (1992). Women, Work, and Life Cycle in a Medieval Economy: Women in York and Yorkshire c. 1300–1520 . Clarendon Press (/wiki/Clarendon_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780198201540 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 45727438 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45727438) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7cd59cdcfb‐x95f9 Cached time: 20240717230306 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.159 seconds Real time usage: 0.250 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 601/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12329/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1054/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17139/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.103/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4315010/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 238.707 1 -total 46.91% 111.970 1 Template:Reflist 34.88% 83.262 1 Template:Cite_ODNB 26.85% 64.090 1 Template:Short_description 14.64% 34.937 2 Template:Pagetype 12.61% 30.093 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 12.18% 29.081 1 Template:Authority_control 8.03% 19.171 5 Template:Main_other 7.18% 17.147 1 Template:SDcat 3.72% 8.877 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58954880-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717230306 and revision id 1210012657. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marion_Kent&oldid=1210012657 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marion_Kent&oldid=1210012657) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1500 deaths (/wiki/Category:1500_deaths) 15th-century English businesspeople (/wiki/Category:15th-century_English_businesspeople) 15th-century English women (/wiki/Category:15th-century_English_women) 15th-century English people (/wiki/Category:15th-century_English_people) People from York (/wiki/Category:People_from_York) English women in business (/wiki/Category:English_women_in_business) Medieval businesswomen (/wiki/Category:Medieval_businesswomen) Businesspeople from Yorkshire (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Yorkshire) Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) Year of birth missing (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing)
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias) of the subject . You may improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Female_impersonation&action=edit) , discuss the issue on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Female_impersonation) , or create a new article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard) , as appropriate. ( June 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Female impersonation is a type of theatrical performance where a man dresses in women's clothing for the sole purpose of entertaining an audience. [1] (#cite_note-SQ-1) While the term female impersonator is sometimes used interchangeably with drag queen (/wiki/Drag_queen) , they are not the same. Drag as an art form is associated with queer identity (/wiki/Queer_identity) whereas female impersonation may come from a wide a range of gender identity (/wiki/Gender_identity) paradigms, including heteronormativity (/wiki/Heteronormativity) . Additionally, many drag artists view drag as a lived form of self-expression or creativity (/wiki/Creativity) , and perceive drag as something that is not limited to the stage or to performance. In contrast, female impersonation is specifically limited to performance and may or may not involve an LGBTQI (/wiki/LGBTQI) point of view. [1] (#cite_note-SQ-1) History of female impersonation [ edit ] Ancient Greece [ edit ] The concept of drag can be seen in the earliest forms of entertainment, including Ancient Greek theatre (/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece) . In ancient western cultures, women often were not allowed to perform onstage or become actors, therefore male actors played the roles of women also. [2] (#cite_note-auto4-2) This demonstrates how female impersonation can be traced back to the earliest forms of entertainment and spectacle. Not only this, but men and boys were expected to dress as women, or in drag, for many religious ceremonies and rituals in Ancient Greece. [3] (#cite_note-3) There is some controversy as to whether this is actually where drag emerged, or if it occurred later in history, in the 19th century with forms of entertainment such as minstrel shows (/wiki/Minstrel_show) and Shakespeare's plays, as he often incorporated male actors as female impersonators. [2] (#cite_note-auto4-2) United States [ edit ] Minstrel shows [ edit ] Samuel S. Sanford, a blackface female impersonator in Sanford's Opera Troupe (/wiki/Sanford%27s_Opera_Troupe) . The evolution of female impersonation and drag in the United States was influenced by minstrel shows (/wiki/Minstrel_show) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) The term female impersonator was in wide use during the 19th century in theater in the United States (/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States) to refer to a specific type of performer in minstrel shows and later vaudeville (/wiki/Vaudeville) known as "wench" and "dame" roles. These roles were performed by both cisgender (/wiki/Cisgender) heterosexual men, [5] (#cite_note-5) and by queer men who were closeted (/wiki/Closeted) and in some rare cases openly non-heterosexual. [6] (#cite_note-6) The actor Thomas L. Moxley (/wiki/Thomas_L._Moxley) was a celebrated blackface female impersonator who performed under the name Master Floyd in George Kunkel (/wiki/George_Kunkel_(theatre_manager)) 's Nightingales; [7] (#cite_note-7) a leading minstrel show of the 1850s and 1860s. [8] (#cite_note-8) These shows were an example of how Blackface (/wiki/Blackface) was used in a racist form of entertainment where the performers would mock African American men, but as time went on they found it amusing to mock African American women as well. They performed in comedic skits, dances, and "wench" songs. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Black people themselves were largely excluded from being performers as at this point in history. [10] (#cite_note-auto1-10) Blackface in minstrel shows emerged in c. 1820 , but became more established with the creation of the character of Jim Crow (/wiki/Jim_Crow_(character)) , which was first performed in 1828. [10] (#cite_note-auto1-10) After the Civil War (/wiki/American_Civil_War) , performance troupes began to be composed of Black performers. The shows maintained popularity in American entertainment into the 1920s. [11] (#cite_note-11) In the 19th century and early 20th century minstrel show female impersonators did not attempt to present the illusion of femininity, but rather lampooned cisgender women through a comic representation of women that did not attempt to completely remove the actor's masculine physical traits. Minstrel show female impersonators often employed sexist and racist stereotypes within bawdy humor to make fun of women, often in black women, in blackface (/wiki/Blackface) . This type of humor continued on the vaudeville (/wiki/Vaudeville) and burlesque (/wiki/Burlesque) stage. [12] (#cite_note-GC-12) In the twentieth century some cross-gender impersonators (/wiki/Cross-gender_acting) , both female and male, in the United States became highly successful performing artists in nightclubs and theaters. There was a concerted effort by these working female impersonators in America, to separate the art of female impersonation from queer identity with an overt representation of working female impersonators as heterosexual. Some of the performers were in fact cisgender men, but others were closeted due to the politics and social environment of the period. It was criminal in many American cities to be homosexual, or for LGBTQ people to congregate, and it was therefore necessary for female impersonators to distance themselves from identifying as queer in order to avoid criminal charges. The need to hide queer identity was prevalent among female impersonators working in non-LGBTQ nightclubs before heteronormative audiences from the early 1900s to as late as the 1970s. [13] (#cite_note-13) Vaudeville and female impersonators [ edit ] Julian Eltinge (/wiki/Julian_Eltinge) as a female impersonator in the Fascinating Widow, early 1910s The broad comedic stylings of the minstrel shows helped develop the vaudeville (/wiki/Vaudeville) shows of the late 1800s to the early 1900s. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In addition to the "wench players", minstrel shows developed the role of "prima donnas", who appeared more elegant and refined while still retaining their comedic elements. [14] (#cite_note-14) [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) While the "wenches" were purely American creations, the "prima donnas" were inspired by both American and European cross-dressing shows, like Shakespearean (/wiki/Shakespearean) actors and castrati (/wiki/Castrati) . [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) [ failed verification ] With the United States shifting demographics, including the shift from farms to cities, Great Migration (/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)) of African Americans, and an influx of immigrants (/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States) , vaudeville's broad comedy and music expanded the audience from minstrelsy. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Near the end of the 19th century a new type of female impersonation, the female illusionist (/wiki/Female_illusionist) , began to appear in vaudeville. This type of performer did not use humor to denigrate women, but rather attempted to celebrate women by presenting a realistic looking woman in tasteful fashions of the period. [12] (#cite_note-GC-12) With vaudeville becoming more popular, it allowed female impersonators to become popular as well. Many female impersonators started with low comedy in vaudeville and worked their way up to perform as the prima donna. [15] (#cite_note-:2-15) They were known to perform song and dance routines with multiple outfit changes. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) George W. Munroe (/wiki/George_W._Munroe) , who was known for portraying gossipy old Irish women, [16] (#cite_note-Cambridge-16) started in vaudeville (/wiki/Vaudeville) in the late 19th century, and became a Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) star; portraying the title role in the musical The Doings of Mrs. Dooley at the Grand Opera House (/wiki/Grand_Opera_House_(Manhattan)) in 1902. [17] (#cite_note-17) Other vaudeville female impersonators included Gilbert Sarony (/wiki/Gilbert_Sarony) as his female character Giddy Gusher, Neil Burgess (/wiki/Neil_Burgess_(comedian)) as the Widow Bedotte, and the Russell Brothers (/wiki/Russell_Brothers_(vaudeville)) who portrayed Irish maids. [16] (#cite_note-Cambridge-16) In New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , famous female impersonator Julian Eltinge (/wiki/Julian_Eltinge) found success, and he eventually made his way to the Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) stage performing as a woman. [15] (#cite_note-:2-15) He published a magazine, Magazine and Beauty Hints (1913), which provided beauty and fashion tips, and he posed for corset and cosmetics advertisements. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Meanwhile, in San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , Bothwell Browne (/wiki/Bothwell_Browne) was the top female impersonator of the West Coast (/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States) . He performed at the Grand Opera House and Central Theater, among other venues, went on tour with United Vaudeville, and later appeared in the film Yankee Doodle in Berlin (/wiki/Yankee_Doodle_in_Berlin) (1919), produced by Mack Sennett (/wiki/Mack_Sennett) . [18] (#cite_note-18) At this time being a female impersonator was seen as something for the straight white male, and any deviation was punished. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) However, African-American comedian Andrew Tribble (/wiki/Andrew_Tribble) found success as a female impersonator on Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) and in Black Vaudeville (/wiki/Black_Vaudeville) . Connection with sex work (/wiki/Sex_work) and homosexuality (/wiki/Homosexuality) eventually led to the decline of vaudeville during the Progressive Era (/wiki/Progressive_Era) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Both the minstrelsy and vaudeville eras of female impersonation led to an association with music, dance, and comedy that still lasts today. [15] (#cite_note-:2-15) See also [ edit ] Köçek (/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek) Onnagata (/wiki/Onnagata) Otokonoko (/wiki/Otokonoko) Travesti (/wiki/Travesti_(theatre)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b French, Sarah (13 April 2017). Staging Queer Feminism . Palgrave Macmillan UK (/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan_UK) . p. 94. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781137465436 . ^ Jump up to: a b thedifferentlevel (2021-09-01). "History of Drag: From Antic Greece to RuPaul's Drag Race" (https://different-level.com/history-of-drag-from-antic-greece-to-rupauls-drag-race/) . LEVEL . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230405033506/https://different-level.com/history-of-drag-from-antic-greece-to-rupauls-drag-race/) from the original on 5 April 2023 . Retrieved 2022-12-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) McDaniel, Spencer (2022-07-11). "In Ancient Greece, Children Wearing Drag Was a Religious Obligation!" (https://talesoftimesforgotten.com/2022/07/10/in-ancient-greece-children-wearing-drag-was-a-religious-obligation/) . Tales of Times Forgotten . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221202212642/https://talesoftimesforgotten.com/2022/07/10/in-ancient-greece-children-wearing-drag-was-a-religious-obligation/) from the original on 2 December 2022 . Retrieved 2022-12-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Boyd, Nan Alamilla (2003), Wide-Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965 , University of California Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520938748 , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200730041610/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/25351) from the original on 30 July 2020 , retrieved 1 February 2020 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fisher, James (2021). Historical Dictionary of Contemporary American Theater . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers) . p. 331. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781538123027 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Boag, Peter (2012). "Chapter 2: "I Have Done My Part In Winning the West": Unveiling the Female to Male Crossdresser". Re-Dressing America's Frontier Past . University of California Press (/wiki/University_of_California_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520274426 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Deaths In the Profession; Thomas L. Moxley" (https://idnc.library.illinois.edu/?a=d&d=NYC18900712.2.50&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN----------) . The New York Clipper (/wiki/The_New_York_Clipper) . 12 July 1890. p. 279. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Mahar, William John (1999). Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture . University of Illinois Press (/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press) . p. 365. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780252066962 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Bean, Annemarie (2001), Female Impersonation in Nineteenth-Century American Blackface Minstrelsy , New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) , ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 304709304 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/304709304) ^ Jump up to: a b "Blackface: the Sad History of Minstrel Shows" (https://www.americanheritage.com/blackface-sad-history-minstrel-shows) . AMERICAN HERITAGE . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230324135449/https://www.americanheritage.com/blackface-sad-history-minstrel-shows) from the original on 24 March 2023 . Retrieved 2022-12-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Minstrel Songs | Popular Songs of the Day | Musical Styles | Articles and Essays | The Library of Congress Celebrates the Songs of America | Digital Collections | Library of Congress" (https://www.loc.gov/collections/songs-of-america/articles-and-essays/musical-styles/popular-songs-of-the-day/minstrel-songs/) . Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230409214831/https://www.loc.gov/collections/songs-of-america/articles-and-essays/musical-styles/popular-songs-of-the-day/minstrel-songs) from the original on 9 April 2023 . Retrieved 2022-12-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Gender Crossings; Female Impersonations In American Entertainment". Queering the Popular Pitch . Taylor & Francis (/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis) . 2013. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781136093708 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Goodman, Elyssa Maxx (2023). "Chapter 4". Glitter and Concrete: A Cultural History of Drag in New York City . Hanover Square Press (/wiki/Hanover_Square_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780369733016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Bean, Annemarie, ed. (1996). Inside the minstrel mask: readings in nineteenth century blackface minstrelsy . Hanover, NH London: Wesleyan Univ. Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8195-6300-2 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Moore, F. Michael. Drag!: Male and Female Impersonators on Stage, Screen, and Television: An Illustrated World History . Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company, 1994. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0899509969 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0899509969) [ page needed ] ^ Jump up to: a b Wilmeth, Don B.; Miller, Tice L. (1996). "Male/Female Impersonation". The Cambridge Guide to American Theatre . Cambridge University Press (/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) . p. 149. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780521564441 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Bordman, Gerald (2001). "The Doings of Mrs. Dooley". American Musical Theater: A Chronicle . Oxford University Press, USA (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press,_USA) . p. 213. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780195130744 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Boyd, Nan Alamilla (2003). Wide Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965 . University of California Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-520-24474-5 . 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South Korean TV series or program Style Promotional Poster Genre Romance (/wiki/Romance_film) , Drama (/wiki/Drama_film) Based on Style by Baek Young-ok (/wiki/Baek_Young-ok) Written by Moon Ji-young Gu Ji-won Directed by Oh Jong-rok Starring Kim Hye-soo (/wiki/Kim_Hye-soo) Lee Ji-ah (/wiki/Lee_Ji-ah) Ryu Si-won (/wiki/Ryu_Si-won) Lee Yong-woo (/wiki/Lee_Yong-woo) Country of origin South Korea Original language Korean No. of episodes 16 Production Production company Yein E&M Original release Network Seoul Broadcasting System (/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System) Release August 1 ( 2009-08-01 ) – September 20, 2009 ( 2009-09-20 ) Style ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 스타일 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : Seutail ) is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Kim Hye-soo (/wiki/Kim_Hye-soo) , Lee Ji-ah (/wiki/Lee_Ji-ah) , Ryu Si-won (/wiki/Ryu_Si-won) , and Lee Yong-woo (/wiki/Lee_Yong-woo) . It aired on SBS (/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System) from August 1 to September 20, 2009 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 for 16 episodes. Based on the popular 2008 chick lit (/wiki/Chick_lit) novel of the same title by former fashion reporter Baek Young-ok (/wiki/Baek_Young-ok) , [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Style depicts the inner workings of a fictional fashion magazine. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Synopsis [ edit ] Park Ki-ja ( Kim Hye-soo (/wiki/Kim_Hye-soo) ) is the perfectionist editor at Style magazine. She's extremely confident, stubborn, and self-centered, but also has a killer fashion sense. In her youth, Ki-ja dreamed of studying at Parsons The New School for Design (/wiki/Parsons_The_New_School_for_Design) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , but her hopes were crushed after the Korean economic crisis (/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#South_Korea) led her father to commit suicide. Soon after her father's death, Ki-ja's mother moved to Canada (/wiki/Canada) , but Ki-ja stayed behind in Korea. At the time she couldn't leave her boyfriend Seo Woo-jin ( Ryu Si-won (/wiki/Ryu_Si-won) ) behind, who was studying to become a doctor. But Woo-jin eventually dropped out of medical school and moved to New York to become a chef. Since that time, Ki-ja has worked her way up from a lowly assistant to a highly respected editor. Meanwhile, Woo-jin has become a macrobiotic (/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet) chef and eventually returned to Korea to open a restaurant. His restaurant named Mackerel became a success, especially with the ladies. Woo-jin himself is a ladies man, having good looks and exemplary culinary talents. He then meets Ki-ja again, as well as her assistant Lee Seo-jung ( Lee Ji-ah (/wiki/Lee_Ji-ah) ). Lee Seo-jung has worked as Ki-ja's assistant for over a year, even though she has come close to having a nervous breakdown (/wiki/Nervous_breakdown) because of her demanding boss. Seo-jung initially hoped to become a writer, but because of her financial situation took a part-time job at Style magazine. When Seo-jung meets Woo-jin, she becomes enamored with him. She knows that Woo-jin is Ki-ja's ex-boyfriend, but she can't control her feelings for him. Lastly, Kim Min-joon ( Lee Yong-woo (/wiki/Lee_Yong-woo) ) is a photographer at Style magazine. He follows Ki-ja around like a lost puppy dog due to his overwhelming feelings for her. Because of Ki-ja, Min-joon has stayed at Style magazine even when better offers came calling. When Min-joon notices the attention that Woo-jin receives from both Ki-ja and Seo-jung, he feels jealousy. Cast [ edit ] Main characters [ edit ] Kim Hye-soo (/wiki/Kim_Hye-soo) as Park Ki-ja Park Ki-ja is the editor-in-chief (/wiki/Editor-in-chief) of a famous fashion magazine called Style . Editor Park has a gorgeous appearance as well as outstanding abilities in journalism. However, she has a strange personality and nervous temperament. She is not liked by her underlings because of her excessive passion for work. Her character is similar to Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada (/wiki/The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(film)) . Editor Park is Lee Seo-jung's boss and clashes with her about everything. Lee Ji-ah (/wiki/Lee_Ji-ah) as Lee Seo-jung Lee Seo-jung is a 26-year-old assistant for the features (/wiki/Feature_story) section. She is a mere beginner with just one year of experience. However, Seo-jung overcomes the difficulties of working at the bottom of Style' s corporate ladder. She has to deal with office politics and fierce competition in the fashion world and the luxury goods industry. Ryu Si-won (/wiki/Ryu_Si-won) as Seo Woo-jin Seo Woo-jin is a former plastic surgeon (/wiki/Plastic_surgeon) who currently owns a restaurant. He appears in front of Seo-jung just as she is facing the biggest crisis of her life – she is betrayed by her boyfriend whom she has been with for three years. Woo-jin also happens to be Editor Park's ex-boyfriend. Lee Yong-woo (/wiki/Lee_Yong-woo) as Kim Min-joon Kim Min-joon is a photographer at Style magazine. His character will explore bisexuality (/wiki/Bisexuality) through Min-joon's interest in both Ki-ja and Woo-jin. Supporting characters [ edit ] Na Young-hee (/wiki/Na_Young-hee) as Son Myung-hee Choi Gook-hee as Kim Ji-won Shin Jung-geun (/wiki/Shin_Jung-geun) as So Byung-shik Han Chae-ah (/wiki/Han_Chae-ah) as Cha Ji-sun Park Hee-jin (/wiki/Park_Hee-jin_(actress)) as Yoon Jung-hwa Han Seung-hoon as Kwak Jae-suk Hwang Hyo-eun as Lee In-ja Kim Hak-jin as Shim Gyun Kim Ga-eun (/wiki/Kim_Ga-eun) as Wang Mi-hye Oh Kyung-jin as Ahn Jin-shil Park Ji-il (/wiki/Park_Ji-il) as Lee Suk-chang Kim Shi-hyang as Hwangbo Kam-joo Hong Ji-min as Oh Yoo-na Kim Kyu-jin as Nam Bong-woo Kim In-tae as Myung-hee and Woo-jin's father Park Soon-chun as Seo-jung's mother Kim Yong-rim (/wiki/Kim_Yong-rim) as Lee Bang-ja Cameo appearances [ edit ] Jessica Gomes (/wiki/Jessica_Gomes) as herself (ep 1) Kang Ji-hwan (/wiki/Kang_Ji-hwan) as himself (ep 6) Cha Ye-ryun (/wiki/Cha_Ye-ryun) as herself (ep 6) Bada (/wiki/Bada_(singer)) as herself (ep 6) F.T. Island (/wiki/F.T._Island) as themselves (ep 6) 2NE1 (/wiki/2NE1) as themselves (ep 6) 2PM (/wiki/2PM) as themselves (ep 6) Park Sol-mi (/wiki/Park_Sol-mi) as Choi Ae-young (ep 7-8) Seo In-young (/wiki/Seo_In-young) as designer Alley (ep 11-12) Byun Jung-soo (/wiki/Byun_Jung-soo) International broadcast [ edit ] It aired in Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) on Indosiar (/wiki/Indosiar) during 2009 and dubbed into Bahasa Indonesia. It aired in Vietnam on HTV3 (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television) from April 10, 2010, under the title Tạp chí thời trang . It aired in Thailand on Channel 3 (/wiki/Channel_3_(Thailand)) starting February 7, 2014. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jung, Yeo-ul (2008). "Chick Lit, Korean Style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140808055141/http://www.list.or.kr/articles/article_view.htm?Div1=5&Idx=25) . LIST Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.list.or.kr/articles/article_view.htm?Div1=5&Idx=25) on 2014-08-08 . Retrieved 2013-03-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Garcia, Cathy Rose A.; Han, Sang-hee (27 May 2008). "Korean Chick Lit Books Turned Into Dramas" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/11/201_24795.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . Retrieved 2013-03-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Han, Sang-hee (21 July 2009). "Style to Bring Fashion, Love and Career" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/201_48799.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . Retrieved 2013-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Oh, Jean (27 July 2009). "Fighters, fashionistas spice up small screen" (http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20090727000007) . The Korea Herald (/wiki/The_Korea_Herald) . Retrieved 2013-03-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Han, Sang-hee (3 August 2009). "Supporting Roles Stealing Spotlight" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/08/135_49518.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . Retrieved 2013-03-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Kim Hye-soo Returns with Fashion-Themed TV Soap" (http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/08/08/2009080800165.html) . The Chosun Ilbo (/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo) . 8 August 2009 . Retrieved 2013-03-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Han, Sang-hee (16 September 2009). "Experienced Actors Stealing Spotlight" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2012/08/201_51915.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . Retrieved 2013-03-27 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://tv.sbs.co.kr/style/) (in Korean) Style at HanCinema (/wiki/HanCinema) Style at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐569fcb5c45‐7vvzn Cached time: 20240718134744 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.484 seconds Real time usage: 0.648 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2315/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26041/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2421/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 29/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28312/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.336/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14528528/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 615.387 1 -total 46.63% 286.969 12 Template:Main_other 44.39% 273.158 1 Template:Infobox_television 21.78% 134.026 1 Template:Ko-hhrm 20.40% 125.530 1 Template:Infobox_television/Short_description 20.12% 123.788 1 Template:Reflist 19.92% 122.605 1 Template:Infobox 17.89% 110.080 1 Template:Lang 17.49% 107.631 7 Template:Cite_web 16.65% 102.486 4 Template:Trim Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25156699-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718134744 and revision id 1221741379. 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French model Tristan Tymen Nationality French Modeling information Height 192 cm (6 ft 4 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Green Agencies Elite Look Management (2015-2018) Tristan Tymen is a French model [1] (#cite_note-1) from Lyon (/wiki/Lyon) and the winner of the 2015 Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) competition. He was the first French model to win the men's competition. Tymen then signed a three-year contract with Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) . [2] (#cite_note-two-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Model Fit: Elite Model Look World winner Tristan Tymen" (https://www.vogue.fr/vogue-hommes/grooming/diaporama/model-fit-elite-france-winner-tristan-tymen/23332) . Vogue France (in French). 2015-10-23 . Retrieved 2021-12-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-two_2-0) "Qui est Tristan Tymen, le premier Français à remporter le concours Elite Model Look ?" (https://www.lefigaro.fr/mode-homme/2015/11/25/30007-20151125ARTFIG00269-qui-est-tristan-tymen-le-premier-francais-a-remporter-le-concours-elite-model-look.php) . LEFIGARO (in French). 2015-11-25 . Retrieved 2021-12-07 . This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_Tymen&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐pfwnf Cached time: 20240721172000 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.295 seconds Real time usage: 0.901 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1776/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13276/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1311/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15737/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.233/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5178058/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 886.666 1 -total 43.01% 381.317 1 Template:Reflist 42.80% 379.473 1 Template:Infobox_model 41.73% 370.003 2 Template:Cite_web 11.97% 106.121 1 Template:Infobox 7.88% 69.887 1 Template:Infobox_person/height 7.09% 62.876 1 Template:Model-stub 6.85% 60.769 1 Template:Asbox 6.84% 60.660 1 Template:Short_description 4.01% 35.577 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69457883-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721172000 and revision id 1065977425. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_Tymen&oldid=1065977425 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_Tymen&oldid=1065977425) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French male models (/wiki/Category:French_male_models) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) People from Lyon (/wiki/Category:People_from_Lyon) Elite Model Management models (/wiki/Category:Elite_Model_Management_models) Model stubs (/wiki/Category:Model_stubs) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Submission declined on 29 June 2024 by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:SafariScribe) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. 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Add tags to your draft show Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22ReSee%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22ReSee%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22ReSee%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22ReSee%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22ReSee%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22ReSee%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22ReSee%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22ReSee%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:ReSee) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:ReSee&defaults=y) Declined by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) 20 days ago. Last edited by SafariScribe (/wiki/User:SafariScribe) 20 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Vc%C3%A9123!&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 6 May 2024 by Qcne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Qcne) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Qcne) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and the notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. Declined by Qcne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Qcne) 2 months ago. Luxury Resale Platform Founded in 2013 by Sofia Bernardin & Sabrina Marshall, ReSee is an online luxury resale platform which enables customers to buy and sell pre-owned fashion pieces. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-Fashion-2) In 2022, Resee launched a Series A funding round, including Darren Star (/wiki/Darren_Star) [3] (#cite_note-3) , the American television producer behind “ Emily in Paris (/wiki/Emily_in_Paris) ” and “ Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) ,” among three new investors including Shari Glazer, founder and CEO of Kalon Labs and Michael Dayan, who co-founded French e-commerce showroomprive.com. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In November 2022, ReSee launched its partnership with French luxury House Alaïa (/wiki/Ala%C3%AFa) , selling a selection of the House’s vintage archives as selected by creative director Pieter Mulier. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2023, ReSee announced Vestiaire Collective Co-Founder Sebastien Fabre as its new CEO. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2024 ReSee launched into Menswear, partnering with vintage collector & co-founder of L’etiquette Magazine Gauthier Borsarello on a selection of vintage clothing, watches and bags for men. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) To mark its 10 year anniversary, ReSee hosted a Charity Auction benefitting Women for Women International (/wiki/Women_for_Women_International) , for which Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , Cindy Sherman (/wiki/Cindy_Sherman) , Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) , Gillian Anderson (/wiki/Gillian_Anderson) , Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) , Catherine Deneuve (/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve) , Adèle Exarchopoulos (/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_Exarchopoulos) , Emma Chamberlain (/wiki/Emma_Chamberlain) and model Saskia de Brauw (/wiki/Saskia_de_Brauw) donated pieces from their wardrobes. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) ReSee is Headquartered in Paris, and privately owned. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Diderich, Joelle (15 October 2013). "Web Site Resee Offers Vintage and Second Hand Clothes" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/web-site-resee-offers-vintage-and-second-hand-clothes-7225064/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion_2-0) Nelson, Karin (18 October 2013). "So Last Season Resee, a new shopping site, helps you track down the one that got away" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/resee-online-shopping) . W Magazine . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Diderich, Joelle (September 2022). "Luxury Resale Site Resee Launches Funding Round Ahead of U.S. Expansion" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/luxury-resale-site-resee-targets-expansion-with-new-funding-round-1235307139/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hirschmiller, Stephanie. "Emily In Paris' New Fashion Partnership Follows This Successful Format" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephaniehirschmiller/2022/12/05/emily-in-paris-x-malone-souliers/) . Forbes . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Socha, Miles (December 2022). "EXCLUSIVE: Darren Star Is Investing in a French Resale Site" (https://wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/darren-starr-investor-resale-site-resee-vintage-fashion-1235433132/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hirschmiller, Stephanie. "Alaïa Launches Resale In Partnership With This Luxury Platform" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephaniehirschmiller/2022/11/18/alaia-launches-resale-with-re-see/) . Forbes . Retrieved 13 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Pougin, Eléna (16 November 2022). "Alaïa et Re-SEE s'associent pour une vente inédite de pièces vintage" (https://www.vogue.fr/mode/article/re-see-alaia-vintage) . Vogue France . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Diderich, Joelle (16 November 2022). "Luxury Resale Site Resee Partners With Alaïa on Sales of Vintage Designs" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/luxury-resale-site-resee-partners-with-maison-alaia-to-sell-vintage-designs-1235420951/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Williams, Robert. "Luxury vintage e-tailer ReSee names Vestiaire Collective co-founder Sébastien Fabre as CEO" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Luxury-vintage-e-tailer-resee-names-vestiaire-collective-co-founder-sebastien-fabre-as-ceo,1584146.html) . Fashion Network . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mira, Nicola (5 December 2023). "ReSee Taps Vestiaire Collective Co-Founder as CEO" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/luxury/resee-hires-vestiaire-collective-co-founder-as-ceo/) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Marain, Alexandre (13 March 2024). "La plateforme ReSee lance l'homme avec Gauthier Borsarello" (https://www.vogue.fr/article/gauthier-borsarello-resee) . Vogue . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Abriat, Sophie (15 March 2024). "Un chineur de choix chez ReSee" (https://www.lemonde.fr/m-styles/article/2024/03/15/un-chineur-de-choix-chez-resee_6222148_4497319.html) . Le Monde.fr . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Zucconi, Matthieu (12 March 2024). "L'homme vintage selon ReSee et Gauthier Borsarello" (https://www.lefigaro.fr/mode-homme/l-homme-vintage-selon-resee-et-gauthier-borsarello-20240312) . Le Figaro . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Holgate, Mark (22 April 2024). "ReSee Celebrates Its 10th Birthday With a Charity Sale—And a Little Help From the Founders' Friends" (https://www.vogue.com/article/resee-tenth-birthday-sale) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Cross, Inès (23 April 2024). "Would you like to own Catherine Deneuve's coat?" (https://www.ft.com/content/25fa7ec6-f765-4fa8-909e-278c990c6709) . Financial Times . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Servant-Ulgu, Valentine. "Cate Blanchett, Kim Kardashian, Catherine Deneuve… Leurs sublimes tenues aux enchères pour la bonne cause, sur ReSee" (https://www.vanityfair.fr/article/cate-blanchett-kim-kardashian-catherine-deneuve-sublimes-tenues-encheres-bonne-cause-resee) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Davidson, Emma Elizabeth (25 April 2024). "Do you want to get your hands on Cindy Sherman's old clothes?" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/62468/1/cindy-sherman-selling-old-clothes-resee-vintage-auction-kim-kardashian-oprah) . Dazed . Retrieved 6 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) DÉAU, Ivana; Lécuyer, Juliette; Bobard Deliere, Matthieu (May 2024). "Le best of mode de la semaine : un dressing de stars aux enchères, des solaires rouges…" (https://www.elle.fr/Mode/Les-news-mode/Le-best-of-mode-de-la-semaine-un-dressing-de-stars-aux-encheres-des-solaires-rouges-4231948) . Elle . External Links [ edit ] ReSee (https://www.resee.com/en/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5795bc6b8c‐qkhrj Cached time: 20240719121749 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.515 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2400/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 123525/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6704/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 76033/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.234/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7084341/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 472.088 1 -total 48.05% 226.853 2 Template:AFC_submission 44.50% 210.074 2 Template:AfC_submission/declined 42.84% 202.245 2 Template:Ombox 42.00% 198.290 1 Template:Reflist 33.74% 159.280 15 Template:Cite_web 20.67% 97.559 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 20.04% 94.602 4 Template:Hidden 7.17% 33.865 1 Template:Find_sources 5.58% 26.345 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76835507-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719121749 and revision id 1231606302. 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Submission declined on 31 March 2024 by Jamiebuba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jamiebuba) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Jamiebuba) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Celina+Tupou-Fulivai%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Celina_Tupou-Fulivai) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Celina_Tupou-Fulivai&defaults=y) Declined by Jamiebuba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jamiebuba) 3 months ago. Last edited by Citation bot (/wiki/User:Citation_bot) 2 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:KingdomGlory685&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Pacific Islander Activist Celina Tupou-Fulivai [ edit ] Celina Tupou-Fulivai is an American political activist, (/wiki/Political_Activist) designer, and social entrepreneur (/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She is the founder and designer of Heliaki, a socially conscious (/wiki/Social_consciousness) streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) brand aimed at increasing Pacific Islander representation (https://fletcher.tufts.edu/news-events/news/visibility-pacific-islander-community) by evoking cultural introspection and social transformation. Central to Tupou-Fulivai's community organizing (/wiki/Community_organizing) , political engagement, and advocacy is the innovative use of Heliaki (https://www.tetaumatatoiaiwi.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Ancestors-of-Tongan-Arts_Sio-FakaTonga-%E2%80%98Ae-%E2%80%98Aati-FakaTonga_Tongan-Views-of-Tongan-Arts.pdf) , a traditional Tongan (/wiki/Tongan) artistic expression that employs metaphor (/wiki/Metaphor) , subtle allusions (/wiki/Allusion) , and layered meanings to communicate complex messages, similar to the Hawaiian (/wiki/Hawaiian_language) tradition of Kaona (https://www.jstor.org/stable/25704463) . Early Life [ edit ] Celina Tupou-Fulivai was born in Long Beach, California (/wiki/Long_Beach,_California) . A long time community organizer, [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Tupou-Fulivai began her social entrepreneurship journey as means to support her mother and give back to those from her mothers homeland. She began by importing and selling handicrafts she commissioned from rural artisans in the Pacific Islands. The COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on the supply chain led her to pivot into designing streetwear with political themes. [3] (#cite_note-3) Motivated by the disproportionate disparities Pacific Islanders face (https://newsroom.ucla.edu/magazine/native-hawaiians-pacific-islanders-covid-19-lab) , Tupou-Fulivai cultivated the brand into a pop culture medium for social commentary and change, developing a global cult following amongst the Pasifika (/wiki/Pasifika) diaspora. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Activism [ edit ] In 2022, in response to the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption (/wiki/2022_Hunga_Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga_Ha%CA%BBapai_eruption_and_tsunami) and subsequent tsunami, Tupou-Fulivai capitalized off her global connections by establishing the Pasifika Mutual Aid (/wiki/Mutual_aid_(emergency_services)) Collective, an international disaster relief fund to provide first response support to the affected populations in Tonga. [4] (#cite_note-4) The campaign successfully raised and distributed $50,000 TOP to hundreds of families [5] (#cite_note-5) throughout the Kingdom of Tonga (/wiki/Tonga) . Tupou-Fulivai's collaboration with New Zealand DJ Lady Shaka (/wiki/Lady_Shaka) emphasized the campaign's reach and effectiveness of organizing the global community for disaster relief efforts. [6] (#cite_note-6) Tupou-Fulivai has since been recognized by New American Leaders (/wiki/New_American_Leaders) as a celebrated community organizer and founder as well as for her tireless advocacy for Pacific Islanders. [7] (#cite_note-7) She was also recognized by New Zealand's Pacific Cooperation Foundation (https://www.pcf.org.nz/) as a voice for climate change, highlighting her efforts to use fashion as a means to address environmental issues within the Pacific community. (https://new.nsf.gov/science-matters/pacific-islands-front-line-battle-against-climate) [8] (#cite_note-8) In May 2023, Celina Tupou-Fulivai publically critiqued television personality Jeannie Mai Jenkins (/wiki/Jeannie_Mai) for insensitive comments that erased Pacific Islander identities during the White House Forum on Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (/wiki/White_House_Initiative_on_Asian_Americans,_Native_Hawaiians,_and_Pacific_Islanders) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Tupou-Fulivai's response catalyzed discussions on the need for greater inclusivity and accurate representation of Pacific Islanders, highlighting broader challenges of visibility and recognition faced by this community (https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/aapi-heritage-month-pacific-islander-exclusion-20230602.html) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In response to the Lahaina Fire, (/wiki/Lahaina_Fire) Tupou-Fulivai partnered with the Seattle based Wing Luke Museum (/wiki/Wing_Luke_Museum) to raise funds for those affected by the disaster. In March 2024, Celina Tupou-Fulivai announced her candidacy for Washington State (/wiki/Washington_(state)) Delegate (/wiki/Delegate_(American_politics)) at the 2024 Democratic National Convention (DNC) (/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Tupou-Fulivai's candidacy has garnered attention from various quarters, sparking discussions about the diversity of voices within the party and the importance of inclusive representation in political decision-making processes. [11] (#cite_note-11) Personal Life [ edit ] Celina Tupou-Fulivai is a multi-racial, with a Tongan and Samoan Mother, and Indigenous-Hispano Father. Celina is a member of Tongan aristocracy (/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)) through her mother [12] (#cite_note-12) , the daughter of a former Tongan noble (/wiki/Tongan_nobles) , Lord Ignatius Tupou-Fulivai. Tupou-Fulivai is the younger cousin of former Tongan NFL (/wiki/National_Football_League) player Vai Sikahema (/wiki/Vai_Sikahema) , who played for the Philadelphia Eagles (/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Other notable relatives of Tupou-Fulivai are the late Lord Fusituʻa known formally as Mataʻiʻulua 'i Fonuamotu (/wiki/Mata%CA%BBi%CA%BBulua_%CA%BBi_Fonuamotu) , who was a Tongan politician and noble, recognized for his efforts in anti-corruption, global security in Oceania, and advocating for Bitcoin to support underbanked populations, [14] (#cite_note-14) and Lord Fulivai (/wiki/David_Fulivai) , David (Tevita) Fulivai, current titleholder (/wiki/Titleholder) of Lord Fulivai of Vava'u. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ a b Menchavez, Andre Lawes (2023-07-21). "Heliaki Uses Fashion as a Movement" (https://joysauce.com/heliaki-uses-fashion-as-a-movement/) . JoySauce . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ a b "Delegate Candidate Directory" (https://wadelegateregistration2024.com/author/celinamae/) . Washington State Democrats . Retrieved 30 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "sbs LIA MO LINE PASIFIKA" (https://www.acesmallbusiness.org/sbs-lia-mo-line-pasifika) . Small Business Resource Center . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Peterson, Josephine (21 January 2022). "Tacoma woman leads relief effort after Tonga disaster" (https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/article257471323.html) . Tacoma News Tribune . Retrieved 31 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Community leaders are working to raise money for Tonga. Here's how you can donate" (https://www.king5.com/article/news/local/washington-community-leaders-seattle-fundraising-tonga/281-d91d8510-f923-4065-ac13-f3319a8d133b) . king5.com . 2022-01-20 . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) John-Paul Foliaki speaks about 'Project Ofa' . Retrieved 2024-03-30 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Celina Tupou-Fulivai: '23 Asian American & Pacific Islander Month Spotlight - New American Leaders" (https://newamericanleaders.org/blog/celina-tupou-fulivai-23-aapi-spotlight/) . newamericanleaders.org . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Lia Mo Line Pasifika" (https://www.pcf.org.nz/pacific-climate-change-voices/lia-mo-line-pasifika) . Pacific Cooperation Foundation . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Sloss, Morgan (2023-05-04). "Pacific Islanders Are Calling Jeannie Mai Jenkins "Gross" And "Shameful" For "Casually Erasing" Them" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/morgansloss1/jeannie-mai-jenkins-called-out-pacific-islanders) . BuzzFeed . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) General, Ryan (2023-05-10). "Jeannie Mai Jenkins apologizes for 'inadvertently excluding Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders' (https://nextshark.com/jeannie-mai-jenkins-apology-native-hawaiians) " (https://nextshark.com/jeannie-mai-jenkins-apology-native-hawaiians) . NextShark . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ho, Vivian (2022-07-25). "How AANHPI Women Rise in Politics" (https://joysauce.com/aanhpi-women-in-politics/) . JoySauce . Retrieved 2024-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Tongans in Seattle area set up fundraisers to help island nation after volcano eruption, tsunami" (https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/tongans-in-seattle-area-set-up-fundraisers-to-help-island-nation-after-volcano-eruption-tsunami/) . The Seattle Times . 2022-01-21 . Retrieved 2024-03-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "How Divinely Inspired Confidence Lifts Elder Vai Sikahema" (http://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/how-divinely-inspired-confidence-lifts-elder-vai-sikahema) . newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org . 2021-06-14 . Retrieved 2024-03-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Tonga's Lord Fusitu'a laid to rest" (https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/509958/tonga-s-lord-fusitu-a-laid-to-rest) . RNZ . 2024-02-23 . Retrieved 2024-03-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) School, Harvalene K. Sekona Principal of Liahona Middle; Tonga. "Tonga A Land Dedicated to God" (https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/eng/liahona/2014/08/tonga-a-land-dedicated-to-god) . www.churchofjesuschrist.org . Retrieved 2024-03-31 . 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Clothing worn in France See also: Pelicon crossing (/wiki/Pelicon_crossing) Pelicon was fur-lined piece of clothing worn between a chemise (/wiki/Chemise) and cotte (/wiki/Cotte) in France. [1] (#cite_note-1) The fashion dates from the Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) , Romanesque (/wiki/Romanesque_art) and Renaissance (/wiki/The_Renaissance) era. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sumathi, G. J. (2007). Elements of Fashion and Apparel Design . New Age International. p. 88. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8122413717 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The Complete Costume Dictionary . Scarecrow Press. p. 224. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8108-4004-1 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelicon&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐wbzw9 Cached time: 20240713002243 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.261 seconds Real time usage: 0.509 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 336/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7638/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 384/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12837/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.187/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3721929/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 491.892 1 -total 39.59% 194.758 1 Template:Reflist 35.31% 173.685 2 Template:Cite_book 33.91% 166.778 1 Template:Short_description 21.94% 107.920 3 Template:Main_other 21.42% 105.343 1 Template:SDcat 19.93% 98.038 1 Template:Clothing-stub 19.37% 95.279 1 Template:Asbox 9.07% 44.637 2 Template:Pagetype 5.89% 28.988 1 Template:See_also Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47145454-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713002243 and revision id 1182055961. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelicon&oldid=1182055961 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelicon&oldid=1182055961) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Medieval European costume (/wiki/Category:Medieval_European_costume) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion of Malaysia (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_of_Malaysia) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐67d4b74ff6‐bph59 Cached time: 20240722140818 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.048 seconds Real time usage: 0.072 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2685/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 310/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.027/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1003664/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 66.817 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 66.817 1 -total 96.88% 64.731 1 Template:Sister_project 94.62% 63.225 1 Template:Side_box 44.16% 29.507 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:13496231-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722140818 and revision id 1212636352. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + Malaysian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Malaysian_fashion_designers) ‎ (1 C, 5 P) C Clothing companies of Malaysia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Malaysia) ‎ (1 P) E Fashion events in Malaysia (/wiki/Category:Fashion_events_in_Malaysia) ‎ (2 P) M Malaysian Dreamgirl (/wiki/Category:Malaysian_Dreamgirl) ‎ (1 P) Malaysian models (/wiki/Category:Malaysian_models) ‎ (3 C) P Project Runway Malaysia (/wiki/Category:Project_Runway_Malaysia) ‎ (3 P) Pages in category "Malaysian fashion" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Circle contact lens (/wiki/Circle_contact_lens) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Malaysian_fashion&oldid=1212636352 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Malaysian_fashion&oldid=1212636352) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion by country (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_country) Culture of Malaysia (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Malaysia) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Women's working tool - vek Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Kosovo) on the Culture of Kosovo (/wiki/Culture_of_Kosovo) History (/wiki/History_of_Kosovo) People (/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Kosovo) Languages (/wiki/Languages_of_Kosovo) Mythology (/wiki/Mythology_of_Kosovo) and folklore (/wiki/Cultural_heritage_of_Kosovo#Folklore) Cuisine (/wiki/Kosovar_cuisine) Festivals (/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kosovo) Religion (/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo) Art (/wiki/Art_of_Kosovo) Literature (/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo) Music (/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo) Media (/wiki/Media_of_Kosovo) Television (/wiki/Television_in_Kosovo) Cinema (/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo) Sport (/wiki/Sport_in_Kosovo) Monuments (/wiki/Monuments_of_Kosovo) Symbols (/wiki/Symbols_of_Kosovo) Flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Kosovo) Coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kosovo) National anthem (/wiki/National_anthem_of_Kosovo) v t e This article is part of a series in Culture of Albania History Illyrians (/wiki/Illyrians) Middle Ages (/wiki/Albanian_Principalities) Ottoman period (/wiki/Ottoman_Albania) Independent Albania (/wiki/Independent_Albania) People Albanians (/wiki/Albanians) Clans (/wiki/Tribes_of_Albania) Noble families (/wiki/Albanian_nobility) Diaspora (/wiki/Albanian_diaspora) Language Gheg (/wiki/Gheg_Albanian) Arbanasi (Dalmatia) (/wiki/Arbanasi_dialect) Upper Reka dialect (/wiki/Upper_Reka_dialect) Istrian Albanian (/wiki/Istrian_Albanian) Tosk (/wiki/Tosk_Albanian) Lab (/wiki/Lab_Albanian_dialect) Cham (/wiki/Cham_Albanian_dialect) Arvanitika (/wiki/Arvanitika) Arvanitic (/wiki/Arvanitic) Arbëresh (/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language) Tradition Besa (/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)) Kanun (/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)) Oda (/wiki/Oda_(Albania)) Sworn virgins (/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins) Costumes (/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing) Religion and folklore Islam (/wiki/Islam_in_Albania) Christianity (/wiki/Christianity_in_Albania) Judaism (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Albania) Irreligion (/wiki/Irreligion_in_Albania) Secularism (/wiki/Secularism_in_Albania) Folk beliefs (/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs) Art Art galleries (/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania) Architecture (/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania) Cuisine Albanian cuisine (/wiki/Albanian_cuisine) Arbëreshë (/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine) Cham (/wiki/Cham_cuisine) Kosovan (/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine) Çaj mali (/wiki/Sideritis) Tavë kosi (/wiki/Tav%C3%AB_kosi) Flia (/wiki/Flia) Kabuni (/wiki/Kabuni) Kanojë (/wiki/Cannoli) Likëngë (/wiki/Lik%C3%ABng%C3%AB) Trileçe (/wiki/Trile%C3%A7e) Verë (/wiki/Albanian_wine) Festivals Flag Day (/wiki/Albanian_Flag_Day) Summer Day (/wiki/Summer_Festival,_Albania) Literature Language (/wiki/Albanian_language) Alphabet (/wiki/Albanian_alphabet) Writers (/wiki/List_of_Albanian_writers) Epic poetry (/wiki/Albanian_epic_poetry) Poets (/wiki/List_of_Albanian_poets) Media Mass media (/wiki/Mass_media_in_Albania) News (/wiki/News_in_Albania) Newspapers (/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Albania) Radio (/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Albania) Television (/wiki/Television_in_Albania) Sport Football (/wiki/Albania_national_football_team) Weightlifting (/wiki/Albanian_records_in_Olympic_weightlifting) Basketball (/wiki/Albania_national_basketball_team) Volleyball (/wiki/Albanian_Federation_of_Volleyball) Swimming (/wiki/Albanian_Swimming_Federation) Olympics (/wiki/Albania_at_the_Olympics) Athletes (/wiki/List_of_Albanian_athletes) Symbols Crossed hands (/wiki/Crossed_hands) Sign language (/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language) Awards (/wiki/Category:Albanian_awards) Logos (/wiki/Category:Albanian_logos) .al (/wiki/.al) Albania (/wiki/Albania) • Society portal (/wiki/Portal:Society) v t e Traditional clothing ( folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) ) is one of the factors that has differentiated this nation from neighboring countries, dating back as far as the Illyrian (/wiki/Illyria) era. [1] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci9–10-1) The evolution this attire has undergone, has been in service of modernization and contemporary style, however, the fundamental symbols and motives by which these garments are designed tend to resemble Illyrian antiquity. [2] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci81-2) The materials and the traditional ways by which these clothes have been made throughout history have not changed much. The utilities which are used in the creation of these clothes are characteristically Kosovar, called vegjë or vek , which is a loom (resembling the English spinning jenny (/wiki/Spinning_jenny) and flying shuttle (/wiki/Flying_shuttle) ). The methods of obtaining the materials and clothes have remained the same. The motifs and patterns on these garments can be explained by prehistoric religion. Triangles, rhombuses, circles and crosses occur frequently, and they are known as symbols of health and fertility. [2] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci81-2) Chromatically, there are three main colors in these clothes, the most symbolic of which is red. [2] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci81-2) Historical origin [ edit ] See also: Traditional clothing of Albania (/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Albania) Traditional men's clothing of Podgur , characterized by marhama , as he carries the traditional instrument Lahuta Women's Podgur apparel characterized by the crown lace Among 140 types of traditional Albanian costumes, the Podgur's attire Veshja e Podgurit is Kosovar, differentiated by its variety and is an influence in all other regions. [3] (#cite_note-Xhemaj139-3) This costume belonged to the majority of the Illyrian and Albanian regions included in the international framework. The clothing items consist of the shirts of men and women, which are wide sleeved with a narrow collar which was buttoned up and a white traditional hat worn by men called plis , leather moccasins or opinga . According to archaeologists of the Museum of Pristina, Podgur's clothing dates back to the 5th and 4th century BC. [3] (#cite_note-Xhemaj139-3) However, transformations of this costume happened due to different social and cultural situations, technical inventions and also element exchange between the ethnic groups. From field investigation, it has been reported that in the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century, women's clothing went through morphological changes. [4] (#cite_note-Xhemaj141-4) The 19th-century look consisted of the combing of their hair and braiding them. They also wore red semi-spherical shaped hats which were embellished with tiny gold coins. Around the crown of the hat they wore a tight lace, lidhëse , which was 60 cm long. It was tied so that their hair remained hidden. Marhama is a type of material which was worn along their neck and chin, but the embroidered tail of marhama was laid down along the right shoulder, and it was called masdorja . [4] (#cite_note-Xhemaj141-4) The shirt was of foot-length and the sleeves were long and wide, approximately 35 cm and also embroidered. Shtjellakët (pështjellakët, mbështjellakët) which were pieces of material that resemble an apron, were big in size and tight in width, and it had geometrical motives, such as an axe or a circle. The moccasins were made from the skin of cattle and knitted with pieces of sheep skin. They were called gogishte moccasins. As belts, they wore woolen material called shokë which were knitted using a loom. It was of 3 cm width, and the embroidered part was tied on the back. Their colors were very characteristic and different, such as red, green, yellow and black. [5] (#cite_note-Xhemaj142-5) Children of rich families had their clothes knitted by tailors and that made them look like any other grown man. From puberty and on, children's clothing becomes more detailed. In this age boys start to wear plis , where as in cold days they wore scarfs and tirqe , traditional white woolen pants. In the celibacy age boys wore tirqe (which were always white ), plis and vests. However, children clothing in general is characterized by its simplicity. It consists of a knee length shirt which is made of white fabric combined with vertical shokë which was of chestnut color. The wearing of shokë by children was very rare ; it was only worn during the years they were celibate and wanted to impress women their social circle. [5] (#cite_note-Xhemaj142-5) In youngster clothing, the white and black color were worn more often, whereas blazers were also enriched with red, yellow, green, and brown. During cold weather, youngsters also wore a certain type of hat called kapulace . It was made of woolen threads which were skull-shaped and they covered every part of the head and face except the eyes and nose. Blazers were also part of the youngster attire and were made of soutane, resembling the adult costume. Boys wore shoulder-length hair. [6] (#cite_note-Xhemaj143-6) Before costumes were knitted by tailors, the models were first cut out in Peć (/wiki/Pe%C4%87) . This was done once a year, during fall or winter. [7] (#cite_note-Xhemaj145-7) Men's clothing [ edit ] Men's clothing was the symbol of beauty at the time. This attire includes a shirt, tëlinat which were long briefs, a scarf and tirqe . There were differences among the clothing of adults, based on their economical standing. In the men clothing framework, the groom's attire was the most symbolic one. The costume is built upon the symbolic meaning of starting a new phase of life. Men of Podgur used to wear white semi-spherical plis (/wiki/Plis) . Along with it there was also a scarf made of white fabric which consisted of a few horizontal shokë of different colors. This scarf was circled around plis and covered a part of their head and ears. Scarfs were worn by men of older age, around their forties. Men's shirts were called "chestnut shirts" because they were made of horizontal shokë of chestnut color. "Chestnut shirts" are rarely seen today, except in mountain regions. Blazers were the items worn over shirts. The part among the sleeves, the collar and arms contained of a black stripe. The vest or xhamadani made of soutane was wide sleeved and reached the waist in length and had no collar. It was buttoned up with a clasp. The vest was double-breasted, and it was of black color. In cold weather, they used to wear a type of blazer called mitani and was made of soutane material. It was randomly worn over the vest or xhamadani . It had long sleeves, but no collar. The black strap covered the parts along the sleeves, around the neck and along the elbows. Mitani had an opening from the armpits to the elbows, and these openings were used to hold mitani freely. On the left part, a small pocket was sewn where men used to keep their cigars. Mitani was also worn by youngsters, but it was simpler than the mitani of men. Among the traditional clothing of Podgur's men, xhurdia which is a type of clothing worn by young boys is mostly known and symbolizes pride. It was made of soutane and tailors were usually the ones who made it. It had long and tight sleeves, open-chested, waist-length, and had a loose part at the back. Besides xhurdia there is also japanxhija which was a clothing of shepherds. However, it was also worn by others in cases of bad weather or long journeys. During nighttime, it was also used as a type of cover. It was made of white soutane along with black stripes, and it was also sleeveless and foot-length whereas its width depended on the length, taking form into a cone-shaped model. Along the belt the red shokë was worn which was older than the colorful shokë . Its length had to be long enough to be wrapped around the waist 5 times. Tëlinat or the long briefs were made of linen, from which their name originates. Later on these long briefs were also made of fabric using a loom. The edges were embroidered and were 20 cm wide. During summer time men used to wear tëlina along with a shirt which was called the shirt of tire . Shokë was tied around the waist, making the shirt resemble a kilt. Tirqe were made of soutane, which varied in quality based on the amount of cord it contained. Tirqe of high quality contained 20 threads of cord, whereas the one ones with lower quality had two to three threads of cord. The economical status determined which ones they wore. Nevertheless, traditionally white tirqe with black cords were worn in Podgur. Black tirqe were seldom worn by young boys but they were considered infamous because they were worn during the night in order not to attract attention. The socks that they wore were made of sheep wool and were from the toe gore to the heel and sometimes knee -length. Some people used to wear a type of short socks called meste over the previous ones. They were made of the wool and skin of bull, whereas the moccasins were made of sheep skin. After The Second World War (/wiki/World_War_II) , moccasins were made up of threads of different ties and cotton. Instead of opinga they were called yrnek . Men used to wear a lot of accessories at the time, such as rings, qystek të sahatit or otherwise known as pocket watches, etc. Weapons may also be considered as a part of men's accessory, and the revolver was the most common. Simplicity is what characterizes the attire of old men. Their most important item of clothing was Goxhufi , which was type of a vest and it was made of lamb skin. It had a sleeveless design and sometimes was knee length. They were reversible according to the climate. [8] (#cite_note-Xhemaj145153-8) Women's clothing [ edit ] Girls' clothing Young women's apparel. The floral embroidery symbolizes vitality and youth. Even though young girls' costumes are not considered to be very specific or unique, in contrast to the women's attire, these costumes have gone through many transformations during their time being. [9] (#cite_note-Xhemaj153-9) A part of girls' look was their hairstyle which resembled that of boys. The shirts they wore were the same as those of women, although they were quite more simple. They also used to wear a type of tight skirt called pështjellci which was knee-length and made of woolen threads using a loom. During the last few years, these skirts were also made of linen threads. At the edge of the skirt, different floral designs are embroidered, symbolizing youth and vitality. Their moccasins were identical to those of women. Traditional clothing of young girls has not been completely preserved because of its transition to modernism. [10] (#cite_note-Xhemaj154155-10) Women's clothing The transformation of women's attire mainly happened between the years of World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) and World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . The semi-spherical shaped hats with gold coin embroidery were replaced with laces, called lidhsa . In the region of Istok, these laces were called hotoz . The fabric shirt was also to change its structure during this period of time. Instead of the fabric shirts, këmisha e arrës which is also a part of men's clothing was being used more often. The sleeves were shortened to the elbows and they were also tightened. When the sleeves were shortened, a different type of material was used to cover the part of the palm and up to the elbow. These were made of woolen thread and were known as mëngët or sleeves. Often, they were knitted using different colors. [11] (#cite_note-Xhemaj155156-11) Mitani also went through changes; it had long sleeves and a tight collar. It was waist-length and it was deep purple. It was usually sold by tailors. The vest, which is considerably new in the traditional clothing of women, was sleeveless. It did not have a collar, and its motifs were solar and lunar. The material which was used to knit these vests was known as coha and was sold by tailors of Peja (/wiki/Peja) , Mitrovica (/wiki/Mitrovica,_Kosovo) and Gjakova (/wiki/Gjakova) . During different journeys, women used to wear jackets called guna and they were made of woolen thread. It was knee-length, wide-sleeved and the parts along the neck were embroidered with threads of black cord. Women also used to wear fur which was seldom that of sheep and known as 'gala'. It was a sleeveless item of clothing. Tëlinat remained mostly the same, except of the kamzave which were pieces of thicker material and covered the knees. They were usually decorated with different kinds of embroidery. Socks were made out of thick woolen sheep thread and were embellished along the pulps [ clarification needed ] . These embellishments differentiated due to age. Traditional clothing of women consisted of a lot of accessories, such as earrings, bracelets and rings. [12] (#cite_note-Xhemaj157159-12) Elderly women's clothing The differences between the attire of elderly women and those of younger ones are the same as the differences between elderly and young men. Their main characteristic is the simplicity of their clothing. Except for the differences between group ages, the attire has also changed based on occasions. In weddings and other happy occasions, new clothing was worn, whereas in funerals, a specific costume was worn, known as veshja e Harcit . [13] (#cite_note-Xhemaj159161-13) Types of traditional clothing in Kosovo [ edit ] Women's clothing [ edit ] Women's clothing is better preserved than the men's in the regions of Kosovo. There are regional variations of the women's apparel. Pështjellak clothing [ edit ] The most famous apparel was called ‘'pështjellak'’ which consistent of a long white shirt, and two ‘'pështjellak'’ (a white apron), the front and the back one. ‘'pështjellaku i parmë'’, or the front apron is as long as the shirt, and it was tailored to fit the woman's hip. ‘'pështjellaku i pasëm'’, the back apron was shorter than the front one. Other components of this clothing were : ‘'tëlina't’ (traditional underwear), ‘'jeleku'’ –resembles a short vest which was embroidered, ‘'shokë’' a large woolen material circling the waist, traditional black socks, and different color head scarves. Accessories were very popular among women – golden and silver necklaces, bracelets and rings. The socks were traditionally black, and they were worn with shoes called ‘'opinga'’, made of different animals’ skin. [14] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci9799-14) Xhubleta clothing [ edit ] Another equivalently famous apparel is the Xhubleta -clothing. A xhubleta is a bell wavy skirt which is held by two straps on the shoulders, worn on top of a long sleeved white linen shirt. Its texture consists of long suspended long black straps etched in the material, which was usually chestnut velvet. The socks and shoes were the same as the pështjellak clothing. In the Rugova region (Kosovar West) the xhubleta clothing was worn especially after the Second World War (/wiki/World_War_II) . [15] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci97-15) Dukagjini clothing [ edit ] Veshja e Dukagjinit consisted of a long sleeved, full length white shirt. The tëlina are also of cotton, but their edges are colorfully embroidered. From the waist up, women wore a sleeveless vest decorated by golden threads, which was open to the front and it would button by beautiful clasps. The two pështjellak are also a characteristic of this clothing. The socks were woolen, and the ‘'opinga'’ were made of cattle skin. The decorative motifs of this region’s clothing are zoological, botanical and geometrical. The motif of the snake, rooster, and the Sun is related to the ancient beliefs of the Illyrian pagans. This garment was by default different for brides, who had sleeves embroidered by asymmetrical patterns of non distinctive colors. [16] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci9899-16) Has clothing [ edit ] 'Has' women apparel The clothing of the southern region of Has is among the distinctive types of clothing in Kosovo. This garment is commonly found today, as it has survived and embraced the changes of the European styles. A short white shirt and a white linen full –length dress are the main components of the look. Long white briefs served as underwear, the traditional pështjellak was slightly wider than in other regions. The jelek (vest) was enriched with beads, mostly red. It could also contain golden threads. For formal events, they wore a small hat decorated with beads and golden studs. The socks in this costume were white, differently from other costumes’. [17] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci100-17) Men's clothing [ edit ] Male tirqi apparel Men's mitan , xhamadan (underneath), shokë and the decorative revolver Men's clothing was less preserved, however throughout the years it appears as more unified. Men's garments did not change much from region to region. One popular outfit was the one with ‘'fustanelle’' (a version of a kilt) until 1914 the First Balkanic war (/wiki/Balkan_Wars) . The most popular was the tirqi apparel. The full look had elements which are similar to women's (white shirt, tëlina , shokë , socks, opinga , jelek (vest) ), however the tirqi ( woolen white pants) were only a characteristic of men's clothing. The shirt and the ‘tlina’ briefs were exclusively white. The shirts’ collars’ were T-shaped, and the sleeves of their shirts had white simple embroidery. From the waist up, men wore either jelek (vest) or xhamadan , a traditional woolen west which was usually white but was also found in dark colors. Men's accessories were the '‘gajtan'’ – a long black cord, decorated push buttons in their jelek and xhamadanë , and metallic clasps. These vests were designed in such a way that enabled the bearer to move their hands freely, and the sleeves hung loosely back. The tirqi were always decorated around the waist, pockets and vertically in length with black seams. Men wore woolen white socks and cattle skin shoes. In their heads they wore plis , woolen caps, and marhama , a large white scarf which encircles the head and the neck, covering the plis . The marhama originated from Illyrians. Other accessories were qystek , a large golden chain which they put across their shoulders, sahati - a pocketwatch, a cigarette box along with a carved lighter and different silver rings. Occasionally, men held guns in their shokë . [18] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci9595-18) The differences these clothes had from region to region were little – they might have been worn more tightly or loosely, the decorations in their tirqi might have been decorated with thicker or thinner seams. There were decorations which implied certain economic status, social status or societal hierarchy. For example, 3 golden threads in tirqi implied celibacy, whereas 12 golden threads implied wedlock. 24 golden threads implied wealth and power, and the most occurring were in older men. [19] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci96-19) Traditional clothing based on Regions [ edit ] Llap (/wiki/Llap_(region)) clothing [ edit ] The region of Llap is located in Northeastern Kosovo. Its tradition of clothing has not survived the modernization of clothing and the components of this look have become artifacts. The latest version of this clothing which are remembered consisted of tirqi clothing for men and pështjellak clothing for women. The items of clothing composing this apparel were somewhat similar to other regions’ clothing – tirqi , jelek , shoka , plisi , marhama and common accessories such as qystek - pocket watch, carved metallic cigarette box for men and pështjellak , white shirts, '‘tëlina’', ‘'shoka’', ‘'opinga'’ - moccasins and head scarves for women. Women generally wore more accessories compared to other regions of Kosovo and their shirts had more embroidering with vivid colors. Both men’s and women’s clothing implied the bearer’s socioeconomic standing, based on what quality of material, quantity of embroidery, choice of colors, and ultimately the number of golden threads one had etched on the back of their shirts or ‘'mitan'’. Few remaining prototypes of this apparel are nowadays preserved in the Historical Museum of Pristina. [20] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci214219-20) Karadak (/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora) clothing [ edit ] Men's clothing [ edit ] Men's clothing of Karadak (/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora) consists of the shirt, tëlinat , vest, mitani , xhurdia , fur, socks, moccasins, plis and different accessories such as pocket watches, cigarette boxes and weapons. Shokë of young boys was whiter and it contained a lot of embroidery, whereas shoka of older men was maroon. Shirts of young boys and elderly men differed in width and length. The socks that were worn by the younger ones were decorated with different colors, whereas those of old men were simpler. Tirqi of youngsters and the so-called agzona men ( epithet of courage and pride), were of the color black. [21] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci221223-21) Women's clothing [ edit ] Nowadays, in this region Muslims and Christians all wear the so-called Veshje me dimi ( traditional embroidered pants similar to pantaloons ). The clothing that is worn today is similar with the clothing that was worn in the second half of the 19th century which consists of tëlina , dimi , shirt, vest, mitani , pështjellak , socks, moccasins, head-scarf, and accessories such as earrings, bracelets, rings, necklaces and clasps. Veshja me dimi consists of pështjellak , made of fur which is the most important item of the apparel and a shirt which is made out of silk or cotton fabric. [22] (#cite_note-Halimi-Statovci225-22) References [ edit ] General Halimi-Statovci, Drita (2009). Veshjet Shqiptare të Kosovës . Pristina: Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789951411844 . Xhemaj, Ukë Dr. (2003). Etnokultura shqiptare në Podgur . Pristina: Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës. Specific ^ (#cite_ref-Halimi-Statovci9–10_1-0) Halimi-Statovci, pp.9–10. ^ Jump up to: a b c Halimi-Statovci, p. 81. ^ Jump up to: a b Xhemaj, p. 139. ^ Jump up to: a b Xhemaj, p. 141. ^ Jump up to: a b Xhemaj, p. 142. ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj143_6-0) Xhemaj, p. 143. ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj145_7-0) Xhemaj, p. 145. ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj145153_8-0) Xhemaj pp. 145–153. ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj153_9-0) Xhemaj, p. 153. ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj154155_10-0) Xhemaj, pp. 154–155. ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj155156_11-0) Xhemaj, pp. 155–156 ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj157159_12-0) Xhemaj, pp. 157–159. ^ (#cite_ref-Xhemaj159161_13-0) Xhemaj, pp. 159–161. ^ (#cite_ref-Halimi-Statovci9799_14-0) Halimi-Statovci, pp. 97–99. ^ (#cite_ref-Halimi-Statovci97_15-0) Halimi-Statovci, p. 97. ^ (#cite_ref-Halimi-Statovci9899_16-0) Halimi-Statovci, pp. 98– 99. ^ (#cite_ref-Halimi-Statovci100_17-0) Halimi-Statovci, p. 100. ^ (#cite_ref-Halimi-Statovci9595_18-0) Halimi-Statovci, pp. 95–96. ^ (#cite_ref-Halimi-Statovci96_19-0) Halimi-Statovci, p. 96. 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(/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Western Netherlands Poffer (/wiki/Poffer) Kraplap (/wiki/Kraplap) Oorijzer (/wiki/Oorijzer) France Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) Spain Traje de flamenca (/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Cachirulo (/wiki/Cachirulo) Cordovan hat (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Italy Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Scandinavian Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) Iceland (/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume) Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming) Nationella dräkten (/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten) Bäckadräkten (/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten) Sverigedräkten (/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1) South America Aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) Chile Chamanto (/wiki/Chamanto) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Chilote poncho (/wiki/Chilote_poncho) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) Liqui liqui (/wiki/Liqui_liqui) Lliklla (/wiki/Lliklla) Panama hat (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pollera (/wiki/Pollera) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) North America Inuit skin clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Tignon (/wiki/Tignon) Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) Western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) Bolo tie (/wiki/Bolo_tie) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Huipil (/wiki/Huipil) Mexico Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Mexican pointy boots (/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots) Rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) Serape (/wiki/Serape) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Quechquemitl (/wiki/Quechquemitl) Oceania Grass skirt (/wiki/Grass_skirt) Feather cloak (/wiki/Feather_cloak) I-sala (/wiki/I-sala) Lap-lap (/wiki/Lap-lap) Lavalava (/wiki/Lavalava) Kiekie (/wiki/Kiekie_(clothing)) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Sulu (/wiki/Sulu_(skirt)) Taʻovala (/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala) Tēfui (/wiki/T%C4%93fui) Tupenu (/wiki/Tupenu) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐sqgrn Cached 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Traditional women's coif of Brittany This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Bigoud%C3%A8ne&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Bigoud%C3%A8ne&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Bigoud%C3%A8ne) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Bigoud%C3%A8ne) for suggestions. ( March 2019 ) Ethnic group Les Bigoudènes Languages Breton language (/wiki/Breton_language) and French language (/wiki/French_language) . Religion Christianity (/wiki/Christianity) (mainly Breton mythology (/wiki/Breton_mythology) ) In Breton tradition, a coiffe bigoudène is a women's coif (/wiki/Coif) worn with traditional Breton costumes (/wiki/Breton_costume) . By extension, the women wearing the coif and the costume associated with it are also called bigoudènes . The coif (/wiki/Coif) is about 30 cm high, and up to 40 cm in Penmarc'h (/wiki/Penmarc%27h) . The bigoudène coif is worn by the women of the Bigouden Country (/wiki/Bigouden) ( Breton (/wiki/Breton_language) : Bro-Vigoudenn ; French (/wiki/French_language) : Le Pays Bigouden ) historically known as "Cap Caval" and located along the Bay of Audierne (/wiki/Audierne) ( Bro Kernev ), south-west of Quimper (/wiki/Quimper,_Finist%C3%A8re) , Brittany (/wiki/Brittany) . They have been officially based in the French departement (/wiki/Departments_of_France) of Finistère (/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re) since 1790. The term bigoudène should not be confused with " bigoudénnie ", the geographical concentration of these women, [1] (#cite_note-1) and with the Bigouden (/wiki/Bigouden) region. Etymology [ edit ] The first attestation of the term bigoudène being used in the French language (/wiki/French_language) (from Breton (/wiki/Breton_language) : bigoudenn (https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=bigoudenn&action=edit&redlink=1) ) was in 1881 in the Revue des deux Mondes (/wiki/Revue_des_deux_Mondes) ( French (/wiki/French_language) : [ʁəvy de dø mɔ̃d] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) , Review of the Two Worlds ). It had been used in the Breton language (/wiki/Breton_language) around 1830 through the meaning: " headdress of linen or cotton worn in the region (/wiki/Regions_of_France) of Pont-l'Abbé (/wiki/Pont-l%27Abb%C3%A9) ". It is related to the terms bigoudi (hair curler), bigot (part of the racage (https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/racage) from a yard (/wiki/Yard_(sailing)) on top of a traditional square rigged ship) and bigue (kind of pulley (/wiki/Pulley) , type of spar (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spar) used as a crane). "Here and there, a man from Pont-l'Abbé (/wiki/Pont-l%27Abb%C3%A9) proudly displays his superimposed jackets, on which brightly colored woolen ribbons stand out as well as sometimes a holy ciborium embroidered on the back. The women of this same village whose strange figure is reminiscent of the Lapland (/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)) type, wear the hair brought back to the top of their head and kept by a narrow braiding headdress, are called bigoudènes. Their dress has a liveliness of oriental color: wide yellow or scarlet breastplates, corsages and cuffs supported by silver, green skirts embellished with dazzling embroidery". — André Theuriet, "Douarnenez, landscapes and impressions" , Revue des Deux Mondes (/wiki/Revue_des_deux_Mondes) , volume 43, 1881) [2] (#cite_note-2) Literary quotes [ edit ] "Very strong, vaulted, thick waist, they [the women from Plomeur (/wiki/Plomeur) ] wear three skirts of cloth superimposed (...) and they are wearing the strange bigoudène coif (/wiki/Coif) , kind of variegated headband that hides their ears and lets see from behind, their hair up". ― ( François Coppée (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Copp%C3%A9e) , Prose, Mon franc-parler I, 1894, p. 115) [3] (#cite_note-3) "But nothing could stop the stubborn bigoudène". ― ( Hervé Bazin (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Bazin) , Who I dare to love (/w/index.php?title=Who_I_dare_to_love&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qui_j%27ose_aimer) ] , 1956, page 37). [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] Bigoudènes after the mass (/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)) in Plonéour-Lanvern (/wiki/Plon%C3%A9our-Lanvern) (1900) by Paul Michels (1866-1944). Bigoudènes at the Fête des Brodeuses (2014). Contrary to a widespread legend encapsulating the headdresses’ size as a response to the cut steeples (/wiki/Steeple) cut during the Revolt of the papier timbré (/wiki/Revolt_of_the_papier_timbr%C3%A9) (anti-fiscal revolt in the west of Ancien Régime (/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime) France, reign of Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV) from April to September 1675); the bigoudène headdress only became really high in the twentieth century, especially in the Interwar period (/wiki/Interwar_period) (November 1918 - September 1939) where it gained a centimeter per year. The maximum height of the cap is reached at the end of the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) , when the Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) started to become old-fashioned. [5] (#cite_note-5) The high headdress is for ceremonies or states of mourning (/wiki/Mourning) : the everyday headdress worn during the daily work is a simple black velvet ribbon around the comb and behind which one concealed the chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) . In 1977, 31% of women over 47 years old wore the headdress. This figure drastically decreased to only 500 women (of all ages) in 1993. In 2011 Maria Lambour was one of the last women to wear this headdress on a daily basis. Today it is worn only during cultural events and by rare women on an almost daily basis. [6] (#cite_note-6) On 11 June 2018 the then doyenne (eldest) of the Bigoudènes, Marie Pochat, died at the age of 102 in her native Brittany (/wiki/Brittany) . She was one of the last few irreducible Bretons (/wiki/Bretons) still wearing the headdress. Born on 29 February 1916 in Léchiagat (now Treffiagat (/wiki/Treffiagat) ) in the Bigouden country (/wiki/Bigouden) , Marie Pochat regularly wore the headdress from the age of 12. "Without this headdress, I feel that I am missing something," she told France 3 Brittany (/wiki/France_3_Bretagne) on the occasion of the celebration of her centenary (/wiki/Centenary) in 2016. Only a handful of Bretons (/wiki/Bretons) still wear this lace headdress, a true symbol of Brittany (/wiki/Brittany) that appeared in 1747. In 2015 the Museum of Brittany (/wiki/Museum_of_Brittany) had hosted an exhibition by photographer Charles Fréger (/wiki/Charles_Fr%C3%A9ger) showing the considerable richness and diversity of Breton (/wiki/Bretons) headdresses. [7] (#cite_note-7) Sartorial aspects [ edit ] The confection of the bigoudènes' traditional costume is recognized as a landmark of French sartorial heritage (/wiki/French_fashion) and high craftsmanship (/wiki/Master_craftsman) . The oldest known Bigoudène headdress dates back to 1830; still ample, the headdress largely covers the hair; limited to a small rectangle, the embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) is nascent. It is exhibited at the Bigouden Museum in Pont-l'Abbé (/wiki/Pont-l%27Abb%C3%A9) . One of the most important sartorial events for bigoudènes is the "Feast of Embroiderers" ( French (/wiki/French_language) : Fête des Brodeuses ) taking place every year in July in Pont-l'Abbé (/wiki/Pont-l%27Abb%C3%A9) , Finistère (/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re) , Brittany (/wiki/Brittany) . In the arts [ edit ] Numerous artists immortalized the bigoudènes such as: Henri Guinier (/wiki/Henri_Guinier) (1867- 1927) François Hippolyte Lalaisse (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hippolyte_Lalaisse) (1810-1884) Henri Delavallée (/wiki/Henri_Delavall%C3%A9e) (1860-1943) Georges A. L. Boisselier (/wiki/Georges_A._L._Boisselier) (1876-1943) Albert Racinet (/w/index.php?title=Albert_Racinet&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Racinet) ] (1825-1893) Georges Lacombe (/wiki/Georges_Lacombe_(painter)) (1868-1916) Lucien Simon (/wiki/Lucien_Simon) (1861- 1945) Joseph-Félix Bouchor (/wiki/Joseph-F%C3%A9lix_Bouchor) (1853-1937) Émile Malo-Renault (/wiki/%C3%89mile_Malo-Renault) (1870-1938) Paul Gauguin (/wiki/Paul_Gauguin) (1848–1903) Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret (/wiki/Pascal_Dagnan-Bouveret) (1852–1929) In popular culture [ edit ] In the French-speaking world (/wiki/French-speaking_world) , since the 1970s, television commercials from Breizh Cola (/wiki/Breizh_Cola) and most importantly the French food industry (/wiki/Food_industry) company " Tipiak (/w/index.php?title=Tipiak&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipiak) ] " have been portraying elderly women dressed as Bigoudènes while shouting "Tipiak, Pirates!" . This famous slogan propelled the term " Tipiak (/w/index.php?title=Tipiak&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipiak) ] " to become synonymous with " hacker (/wiki/Hacker) " in web communities and now refers to hackers (/wiki/Hacker) or counterfeiters (/wiki/Counterfeit) . [8] (#cite_note-8) The sticker made by the textile enterprise À l'Aise Breizh (/w/index.php?title=%C3%80_l%27Aise_Breizh&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80_l%27Aise_Breizh) ] symbolizing a small figure wearing a bigoudène headdress is stuck on more than 1.5 million cars across the world as of July 2011 and has become a popular symbol of recognition for Bretons (/wiki/Bretons) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Pâtisserie [ edit ] The Bigoudène briochée (Brioched Bigoudène) is a pâtisserie (/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie) popularized during the Tourelle des Perdrix (/w/index.php?title=Tourelle_des_Perdrix&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourelle_des_Perdrix) ] ' centenary (/wiki/Centenary) in Loctudy (/wiki/Loctudy) . It is composed of a raised dough wrapped around a cylinder and cooked on a spit and slowly browned. It is sold on city markets around the bigoudénnie and most preponderantly in Locronan (/wiki/Locronan) regularly elected "one of the most beautiful villages in France". There are two kinds of those pastry headdresses: a savoury one with emmenthal (/wiki/Emmental_cheese) and black olives and the other ones, sweet, covered with sugar or chocolate. The idea was partly inspired by the Eastern countries ( Romania (/wiki/Romania) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) ) where they are very fond of this type of dough put aside to rise for a moment before being put on a grill. Sources [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The history of the Bigoudènes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120220145856/http://www.ville-pontlabbe.fr/musee/?p=1575) . Bigouden Museum . 26 August 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.ville-pontlabbe.fr/musee/?p=1575) on 2012-02-20 . Retrieved 13 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Académiciens (2005). Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (/wiki/Dictionnaire_de_l%27Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise) . Paris: Institut de France. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2213621425 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) COPPÉE, FRANÇOIS (1894). Mon Franc parler . Paris: ALPHONSE LEMERRE, ÉDITEUR. pp. 115 (https://archive.org/details/monfrancparler02copp/page/115) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Bazin, Hervé (1956). Qui j'ose aimer . Paris: Grasset. pp. 37 (https://archive.org/details/quijoseaimerroma00bazi/page/37) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) GUEGADEN, Jean-Louis (25 August 2015). "Karten Bost Coz Giz Bigoudenn" (http://kbcgizbigoudenn.franceserv.com/lacoiffe-suite2-/index.html) . Franceserv.com . Retrieved 7 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Redacteurs (October 2011). "Deiz-ha-bloaz laouen Maria !". Bretons (69): 4. ^ (#cite_ref-7) G., J. (13 June 2018). "Bretagne: La doyenne des Bigoudènes s'est éteinte à l'âge de 102 ans" (https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/2289011-20180613-video-bretagne-doyenne-bigoudenes-eteinte-age-102-ans) . 20 Minutes . Retrieved 23 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Cousinié, Noëlle (19 September 2011). "Maria la Bigoudène, cent ans, jamais sans sa coiffe" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141021002452/http://histoires-de-vies-2013.ac-rennes.fr/sites/histoires-de-vies-2013.ac-rennes.fr/IMG/pdf/Maria.pdf) (PDF) . Ouest-France . Archived from the original (http://histoires-de-vies-2013.ac-rennes.fr/sites/histoires-de-vies-2013.ac-rennes.fr/IMG/pdf/Maria.pdf) (PDF) on 21 October 2014 . Retrieved 4 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "La bigoudène fait le tour du monde" (https://www.20minutes.fr/rennes/753111-20110705-bigoudene-fait-tour-monde) . 20 Minutes . 5 July 2011 . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . 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The majority of presidents of the United States (/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States) have been clean-shaven, including the Founding Fathers (/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States) . [1] (#cite_note-wisc-1) Between 1861 and 1913, all but two presidents ( Andrew Johnson (/wiki/Andrew_Johnson) and William McKinley (/wiki/William_McKinley) ) wore either beards or mustaches during their tenure in office. Since 1913 all presidents have been clean-shaven except for Harry S. Truman (/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) for a brief period of time in 1948. Overview [ edit ] John Quincy Adams (/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams) (1825–1829) was the first U.S. president to have notable facial hair (/wiki/Facial_hair) , with long sideburns. [2] (#cite_note-gilette86-2) But the first major departure from the tradition of clean-shaven chief executives was Abraham Lincoln (/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln) (1861–1865), [3] (#cite_note-slate1-3) [4] (#cite_note-1888trib-4) [5] (#cite_note-atlanta-5) who was supposedly (and famously) influenced by a letter received from an eleven-year-old girl named Grace Bedell (/wiki/Grace_Bedell) , to start growing a beard to improve his chances of being elected. [6] (#cite_note-nytimes1966-6) [7] (#cite_note-wholechapter-7) After Lincoln, all but two presidents over the next 48 years sported some form of facial hair; the exceptions being Andrew Johnson (/wiki/Andrew_Johnson) (1865–1869) and William McKinley (/wiki/William_McKinley) (1897–1901). [8] (#cite_note-usatoday-8) Beards and mustaches fell out of favor for health reasons, as described on the PBS website pertaining to a documentary on tuberculosis (/wiki/Tuberculosis) : "Most men at the turn of the [twentieth] century featured stylish beards or mustaches, but showing off a smooth face became a new trend once public health officials maintained that men could transmit dangerous infectious particles through the scruff of their facial hair. An editorial in a 1903 Harper's Weekly (/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly) stated, "Now that consumption is no longer consumption, but tuberculosis, and is not hereditary but infectious…the theory of science is that the beard is infected with the germs of tuberculosis." Ultimately, the clean-shaven look became a symbol of the new middle-class man during the period that Harper's Weekly labeled "the revolt against the whisker." [9] (#cite_note-9) The most recent president to have had facial hair was William Howard Taft (/wiki/William_Howard_Taft) (1909–1913). [10] (#cite_note-literacy-10) [11] (#cite_note-herrick-11) [12] (#cite_note-hughes1-12) [13] (#cite_note-kern-13) [14] (#cite_note-miami1949-14) President Harry S. Truman (/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) briefly grew a mustache and goatee (/wiki/Goatee) (which he jokingly referred to as a " Jeff Davis (/wiki/Jefferson_Davis) ") while vacationing in Key West, Florida (/wiki/Key_West,_Florida) , after the 1948 presidential election (/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election) . [15] (#cite_note-15) The last major candidate from any party to have a beard was Charles Evans Hughes (/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes) , who was defeated at the 1916 presidential election (/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election) . [16] (#cite_note-closeshave1-16) The last major party candidate for the presidency to have any facial hair was Thomas E. Dewey (/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey) , who had a mustache, and was defeated at both the 1944 (/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election) and 1948 presidential elections (/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-1944nytimes-18) Some pundits even claimed that public disapproval of Dewey's mustache may have contributed to his two electoral defeats. [19] (#cite_note-richmond1-19) [20] (#cite_note-bostondewey1-20) [21] (#cite_note-latimes1971-21) [22] (#cite_note-kiss1-22) Social scientists have researched the effect of facial hair on the electability of presidential candidates, and currently consider facial hair to have a negative effect on candidates. [11] (#cite_note-herrick-11) [23] (#cite_note-predicting-23) [24] (#cite_note-1896study-24) Today, the existence of facial hair on potential presidential candidates is regularly noted (albeit somewhat jokingly) as a harmful factor. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-buchwald-26) Following is a list of American presidents who had facial hair at any time during their tenure. [27] (#cite_note-27) List [ edit ] No. Portrait Name (birth–death) Years served Political party Beard Mustache Sideburns Time period Color 6 John Quincy Adams (/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams) (1767–1848) 1825–1829 Democratic-Republican / National Republican No No Yes 1811 Light brown, [28] (#cite_note-28) turned white before elected [29] (#cite_note-29) 8 Martin Van Buren (/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren) (1782–1862) 1837–1841 Democratic No No Yes 1807 White, originally red or reddish-blond [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-Standard2016-31) 12 Zachary Taylor (/wiki/Zachary_Taylor) (1784–1850) 1849–1850 Whig No No Yes 1815 Grey 16 Abraham Lincoln (/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln) (1809–1865) 1861–1865 Republican / National Union Yes No — 1860 Black [32] (#cite_note-32) 18 Ulysses S. Grant (/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant) (1822–1885) 1869–1877 Republican Yes Yes — 1852 Light brown, [33] (#cite_note-33) turned grey in office [34] (#cite_note-34) 19 Rutherford B. Hayes (/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes) (1822–1893) 1877–1881 Republican Yes Yes — 1854 Blond [31] (#cite_note-Standard2016-31) 20 James A. Garfield (/wiki/James_A._Garfield) (1831–1881) 1881-1881 Republican Yes Yes — 1850 Light brown 21 Chester A. Arthur (/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur) (1829–1886) 1881-1885 Republican No Yes Yes 1847 Brown [35] (#cite_note-35) 22/24 Grover Cleveland (/wiki/Grover_Cleveland) (1837–1908) 1885–1889; 1893-1897 Democratic No Yes No 1859 Brown 23 Benjamin Harrison (/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison) (1833–1901) 1889–1893 Republican Yes Yes — 1849 Blond [31] (#cite_note-Standard2016-31) [36] (#cite_note-36) 26 Theodore Roosevelt (/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt) (1858–1919) 1901–1909 Republican No Yes No 1880 Red [37] (#cite_note-37) 27 William Howard Taft (/wiki/William_Howard_Taft) (1857–1930) 1909–1913 Republican No Yes No 1880s White [38] (#cite_note-38) 33 Harry S. Truman (/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) (1884–1972) 1945–1953 Democratic Yes [a] (#cite_note-Truman-39) Yes [a] (#cite_note-Truman-39) No 1948 Grey Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Truman had facial hair for a brief period of time in 1948 which he nicknamed the "Jeff Davis". References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-wisc_1-0) Hoogenboom, Ari (/wiki/Hoogenboom,_Ari) . What Really Caused The Civil War? (https://www.jstor.org/pss/4633566) , Wisconsin Magazine of History (1960) ("The founding fathers were without beards, as were all Presidents from Washington (/wiki/George_Washington) to Buchanan (/wiki/James_Buchanan) .") ^ (#cite_ref-gilette86_2-0) Most Presidents Have Favored Beardless Look (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q9kTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9wYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6855,6362329&dq=presidential+beard&hl=en) , Star-Banner (/wiki/Star-Banner) ( Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) ), August 27, 1986 ^ (#cite_ref-slate1_3-0) Brus, Michael. Beards (http://www.slate.com/id/113390/) , Slate (magazine) (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) , August 9, 2001 ^ (#cite_ref-1888trib_4-0) Whiskers in History (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/687780352.html?dids=687780352:687780352&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+27,+1888&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=WHIS) , Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) , May 27, 1888 ("Thirty Years Ago a Bearded Man in the United States Was an Exception – The Fathers of the Republic Were Smooth Shaven – All Republican Candidates and Presidents Have Worn Full Beards, While No Democrat Has Yet Been Able to Display More than a Mustache") ^ (#cite_ref-atlanta_5-0) Presidential Whiskers (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/ajc_historic/access/530281792.html?dids=530281792:530281792&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=Jan+07,+1892&author=&pub=The+Atlanta+Constitution&desc=Presidential+Whiskers.&pqatl=google) , Atlanta Constitution (/wiki/Atlanta_Constitution) , January 7, 1892 ^ (#cite_ref-nytimes1966_6-0) Kansas Honors Girl Who Urged Lincoln To Grow Whiskers (https://www.nytimes.com/1966/08/09/archives/kansas-honors-girl-who-urged-lincoln-to-grow-whiskers.html) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , August 9, 1966 ^ (#cite_ref-wholechapter_7-0) Shapiro, Ben. Project President: Bad Hair and Botox on the Road to the White House (https://books.google.com/books?id=o4rwtFEbEmYC&q=bedell&pg=PR161) , ch. 6 (2008) ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1595551009 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1595551009) ) ^ (#cite_ref-usatoday_8-0) Best presidential criterion: Hair (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/16405484.html?dids=16405484:16405484&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+10,+1996&author=James+Hecht&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Best+presidential+criterion:+Hair&pqatl=google) , USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) , October 10, 1996 ^ (#cite_ref-9) "General Article: Did You Know?" (https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/plague-know/) . American Experience . PBS. ^ (#cite_ref-literacy_10-0) Paxson, Peyton, Media literacy: thinking critically about visual culture (https://books.google.com/books?id=QUIZSVzxqukC&dq=president+facial+hair&pg=PA91) , p.91 (2004)( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0825149917 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0825149917) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Herrick, Rebekah, Mendez, Jeanette and Pryor, Ben, Razors Edge: The Politics of Facial Hair (https://ssrn.com/abstract=1643020) (2010). APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper ("Although between Lincoln and Taft all but two presidents had facial hair, Pres. Taft was the last President to have facial hair. In Congress, at the beginning of the 110th Congress less than 5% of Congressmen had facial hair. Interestingly this decline occurred as women got the right to vote. This paper explores whether there could be a connection.") ^ (#cite_ref-hughes1_12-0) About Whiskers (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/336613662.html?dids=336613662:336613662&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+18,+1916&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=ABOUT+WHISKERS.&pqatl=google) , Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , June 18, 1916 ("The fact that Presidential Candidate Hughes, and his running mate on the Republican ticket, Mr. Fairbanks, have whiskers has been much commented on the last day or two, and will be likely to cause much...") ^ (#cite_ref-kern_13-0) Whiskers and Presidency: Kern The Only Democratic Aspirant Who Wears Full Beard (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1626289882.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+25,+1912&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=WHISKERS+AND+PRESIDENCY&pqatl=google) , The Baltimore Sun (/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun) , January 25, 1912 ^ (#cite_ref-miami1949_14-0) Locke, Walter. Time for a Turn in the Whisker Cycle (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Jo0yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dOkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4500,241264) , The Miami News (/wiki/The_Miami_News) , March 1, 1949 ^ (#cite_ref-15) LIFE (https://books.google.com/books?id=W0oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44) November 22, 1948 ^ (#cite_ref-closeshave1_16-0) Will campaign be decided by a close shave? (http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20040923/news_1c23beards.html) , The San Diego Union-Tribune (/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune) , September 23, 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-17) Facial Hair Unacceptable for Presidential Politics (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6FAlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qqYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2825,496906&dq) , Reading Eagle (/wiki/Reading_Eagle) ( Knight Ridder (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) ), November 2, 1996 ^ (#cite_ref-1944nytimes_18-0) Efron, Edith. Saga of the Mustache (https://www.nytimes.com/1944/08/20/archives/saga-of-the-mustache-to-shave-or-not-to-shave-here-are-the-results.html) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , August 20, 1944 ^ (#cite_ref-richmond1_19-0) Grimsley, Edward. Victory is under the candidate's nose (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/timesdispatch/access/615073941.html?dids=615073941:615073941&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+15,+1991&author=Edward+Grimsley&pub=Richmond+Times+-+Dispatch&desc=VICTORY+IS+UNDER+THE+CANDIDATE'S+NOSE&pqatl=google) , Richmond Times-Dispatch (/wiki/Richmond_Times-Dispatch) , November 15, 1991 ("Pundits attributed Dewey's defeats partly to public disapproval of his mustache.") ^ (#cite_ref-bostondewey1_20-0) Montgomery, M.R. Dewey's Facial Flaw (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/659766071.html?dids=659766071:659766071&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+07,+1986&author=M.R+Montgomery,+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=DEWEY'S+FACIAL+FLAW&pqatl=google) , The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) , November 7, 1986 ("Thomas E. Dewey had a mustache, which was one of the reasons he did not get elected president.") ^ (#cite_ref-latimes1971_21-0) A Beard for Nixon? The Matter Raises White House Eyebrows (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/601544792.html?dids=601544792:601544792&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+29,+1971&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=A+Beard+for+Nixon%3F+The+Matter+Raises+White+House+Eyebrows&pqatl=google) , Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , April 29, 1971 ^ (#cite_ref-kiss1_22-0) Olin, Dirk. In Politics, the Mustache Is the Kiss of Death (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/59823691.html?dids=59823691:59823691&FMT=ABS&FMTS=) , Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , October 31, 1988 ^ (#cite_ref-predicting_23-0) Armstrong, J. Scott & Graefe, Andreas. Predicting Elections from Biographical Information About Candidates: A Test of the Index Method (https://ssrn.com/abstract=1656060) (March 1, 2010). Journal of Business Research (Forthcoming) ("Given that most politicians, especially in recent years (note that William Taft was the last U.S. president with facial hair), are clean shaved, facial hair is expected to have a negative effect on the evaluation of candidates.") ^ (#cite_ref-1896study_24-0) Whiskers in Politics (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/557720412.html?dids=557720412:557720412&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=May+22,+1896&author=&pub=Boston+Daily+Globe&desc=WHISKERS+IN+POLITICS&pqatl=google) , The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) , May 22, 1896 ("An enterprising student of politics has been pursuing a line of research designed to show the relation of whiskers to successful presidential candidacies.") ^ (#cite_ref-25) John Bolton Threatens to Run for President If You Don’t Start Paying Attention to Him (http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/08/john_bolton_will_run_for_presi.html) , New York (magazine) (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) , August 30, 2010 ("The last man with facial hair to be elected president was William Howard Taft, in 1908. That in itself should disqualify John Bolton and his enormous, walruslike mustache from even thinking about running in 2012.") ^ (#cite_ref-buchwald_26-0) Buchwald, Art (/wiki/Art_Buchwald) . Race or Facial Hair? (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gLYfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ktcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2693,3024330) , Southeast Missourian (/wiki/Southeast_Missourian) , April 9, 1984 (satirical article noting Jesse Jackson (/wiki/Jesse_Jackson) 's mustache as a negative factor in the 1984 Democratic primary contests) ^ (#cite_ref-27) Allan D. Peterkin (2001), One thousand beards: a cultural history of facial hair , Arsenal pulp press, pp. 36–37, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781551521077 ^ (#cite_ref-28) Nowlan, Robert A. (10 January 2014). The American Presidents, Washington to Tyler: What They Did, What They Said, What Was Said About Them, with Full Source Notes . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4766-0118-2 . "In such bitter cold of winter, the pink of his round, clean-shaven, very English face would all but glow, and if he were hatless or without a wig, his high forehead and thinning hairline made the whole of the face look rounder still. The hair, light brown in color, was full about the ears." ^ (#cite_ref-29) Richards, Leonard L. (1986). The Life and Times of Congressman John Quincy Adams . Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-504026-5 . "He was a small man, about five foot seven, with a slight pot belly, a round face, and a bald head surrounded by a crown of white hair and white sideburn" ^ (#cite_ref-30) Wilson, Major L. (1984). The Presidency of Martin Van Buren . University Press of Kansas. p. 22. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7006-0238-4 . "...framed by a prominent brow and sandy red sideburns that were now mostly gray, gained its particular feature from big blue penetrating eyes..." ^ Jump up to: a b c "Blond on Blonde" (https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/weekly-standard/blond-on-blonde) . Washington Examiner . 20 May 2016. "Martin Van Buren was noted for his reddish-blond hair, though it had turned white and largely receded by the time he was elected our eighth president. It would be another 36 years before another blond took the oath of office: Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877. Following him would come Benjamin Harrison, of golden hair and beard, elected a mere 12 years later. (This really was America's gilded age.)" ^ (#cite_ref-32) Monaghan, Jay (1 January 1997). Abraham Lincoln Deals with Foreign Affairs: A Diplomat in Carpet Slippers . University of Nebraska Press. p. 49. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8032-8231-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Simpson, Brooks D. (21 October 2014). Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865 . Quarto Publishing Group USA. p. 259. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-62788-546-1 . "He is rather under middle height, with a spare, strong build; light-brown hair, and short, light brown beard" ^ (#cite_ref-34) Flood, Charles Bracelen (11 October 2011). Grant's Final Victory: Ulysses S. Grant's Heroic Last Year . Hachette+ORM. p. 48. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-306-82056-4 . "And here the two of them were, Grant now with a grey beard..." ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Picture of Chester Arthur ***" (http://www.presidential-power.org/pictures-of-presidents/picture-chester-arthur.htm) . www.presidential-power.org . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Bailey Amer Pageant Vol 2 . D. C. Heath. 1975. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-669-92940-9 . "He urged as a compromise choice Benjamin Harrison of Indiana, whom the convention finally nominated. Harrison, with his stumpy legs, short neck, and long blond beard, was not an impressive figure (five feet six)..." ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Urban Woodsman: Theodore Roosevelt and his Buckskin Suit" (https://blog.mcny.org/2014/11/04/urban-woodsman-theodore-roosevelt-and-his-buckskin-suit/) . MCNY Blog: New York Stories . 4 November 2014. "a short red mustache and eye glasses, [who] looks the typical New York dude” [5]." ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Facial Hair Friday: Opening Day Mustache" (https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2013/03/29/facial-hair-friday-opening-day-mustache/) . Pieces of History . 29 March 2013. "Taft is the newest addition to the Nationals Racing Presidents.The 27th President is well-known for his size and his bushy white mustache. He was the last President to sport facial hair while in office." 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Men in Hijab is a movement (/wiki/Political_movement) in Iran (/wiki/Iran) and other parts of the Persian world in which men wear the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , or female headscarf, as a show of solidarity with their female relatives and wives. It seeks to end the requirement of women to wear the hijab. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Human rights in Iran (/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Men in Iran are wearing hijabs in solidarity with their wives - here's why" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/men-in-hijab-iran-solidarity-wives-family-veil-islam-muslim-womens-rights-a7164876.html) . The Independent . 2016-07-31. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/men-in-hijab-iran-solidarity-wives-family-veil-islam-muslim-womens-rights-a7164876.html) from the original on 2022-05-12 . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Hijab of Men – Islamic Insights" (http://www.islamicinsights.com/religion/the-hijab-of-men.html) . www.islamicinsights.com . 6 October 2009 . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "These Iranian men in hijabs are taking a stand for women and against moral policing" (http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/these-iranian-men-in-hijabs-are-taking-a-stand-for-women-and-against-moral-policing-2946473/) . The Indian Express . 2016-07-31 . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Iranian men don hijab to challenge strict veil law" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-03/women-share-photos-of-men-in-hijabs-to-protest-iran-veil-law/7677084) . ABC News . 2016-08-03 . Retrieved 2016-11-30 . This Islam-related (/wiki/Islam) article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Men_In_Hijab&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐5bcbm Cached time: 20240712173406 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.353 seconds Real time usage: 0.397 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 260/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10229/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 76/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19880/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.260/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2971041/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 367.882 1 -total 59.86% 220.218 1 Template:Reflist 47.38% 174.313 3 Template:Cite_news 40.10% 147.516 1 Template:Islam-stub 39.47% 145.203 1 Template:Asbox 2.08% 7.661 1 Template:Cite_web 0.76% 2.795 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52268905-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173406 and revision id 1189398149. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Men_In_Hijab&oldid=1189398149 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Men_In_Hijab&oldid=1189398149) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hijab (/wiki/Category:Hijab) Islamic clothing (/wiki/Category:Islamic_clothing) Protests in Iran (/wiki/Category:Protests_in_Iran) Men and feminism (/wiki/Category:Men_and_feminism) Islamic male clothing (/wiki/Category:Islamic_male_clothing) Hidden categories: All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles) Islam stubs (/wiki/Category:Islam_stubs)
The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sweaters (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sweaters) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐ctl4f Cached time: 20240721024801 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.059 seconds Real time usage: 0.094 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 151/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2844/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 244/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.035/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1180155/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 83.997 1 -total 56.65% 47.581 1 Template:Commons_category 53.86% 45.239 1 Template:Sister_project 51.81% 43.517 1 Template:Side_box 43.19% 36.278 1 Template:Cat_main 30.85% 25.916 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:9925160-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721024801 and revision id 1090258101. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Sweaters" The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) A Aran jumper (/wiki/Aran_jumper) C Cardigan (sweater) (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) Christmas jumper (/wiki/Christmas_jumper) Cowichan knitting (/wiki/Cowichan_knitting) D Sweater design (/wiki/Sweater_design) G Francine Gottfried (/wiki/Francine_Gottfried) Guernsey (clothing) (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) Gwa-jam (/wiki/Gwa-jam) J Jersey (clothing) (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) K Kangaroo pocket (/wiki/Kangaroo_pocket) L Lopapeysa (/wiki/Lopapeysa) Lusekofte (/wiki/Lusekofte) M Mariusgenser (/wiki/Mariusgenser) P Penguin sweater (/wiki/Penguin_sweater) Polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) S Shrug (clothing) (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) Sweater curse (/wiki/Sweater_curse) Sweater girl (/wiki/Sweater_girl) Sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) T Twinset (/wiki/Twinset) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sweaters&oldid=1090258101 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sweaters&oldid=1090258101) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Tops (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Tops_(clothing)) Thermal protection (/wiki/Category:Thermal_protection) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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Latin American edition of fashion magazine Vogue Vogue México y Latinoamérica Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) on the cover of Vogue Mexico, September 2015. Editor-in-chief Karla Martínez Categories Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Frequency Monthly Circulation (/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation) 316,408 Publisher Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) First issue October 1999 Based in Mexico (Mexican edition) Miami, United States (Latin American edition) Language Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_language) Website vogue.mx (http://www.vogue.mx//) Vogue México y Latinoamérica is a Mexican/Latin American fashion magazine (/wiki/Fashion_magazine) which is an offshoot of the American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine. The magazine is published by Condé Nast Mexico y Latinoamérica . The magazine is published in Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) as Vogue México and in the United States (/wiki/United_States) and the rest of Latin America (/wiki/Latin_America) as Vogue Latinoamérica . History [ edit ] Vogue México was first published in the 1980s before suspension of publication in the 1990s. In October 1999 It was restarted as Vogue en Español (Vogue in Spanish). [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) 2002–2012: Eva Hughes as editor [ edit ] Eva Hughes became the Editor-in-Chief of the magazine in September 2002. [3] (#cite_note-3) Under her leadership the magazines circulation doubled. [ citation needed ] She left the magazine in 2012 after she was named the CEO of Condé Nast Mexico y Latinoamérica . [4] (#cite_note-4) 2012–2016: Kelly Talamas as editor [ edit ] Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes as editor-in-chief. Talamas had joined the magazine 2007 as editorial coordinator, then she was named fashion editor before becoming EIC. [ citation needed ] She was responsible for the creation of Who's On Next?, which spotlit new and local regional designers. In 2016, she was appointed as Creative Director for Condé Nast Mexico y Latinoamérica . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) 2016–present: Karla Martínez de Salas as editor [ edit ] Karla Martínez de Salas was appointed as editor-in-chief for the magazine in June 2016, after Talamas was named creative director. Martínez served as associate editor, previously to her promotion. [7] (#cite_note-7) Editors [ edit ] Vogue México Circulation Editor-in-chief Start year End year 1980–1994 Waldemar Verdugo Fuentes 1980 1985 1999–present Eva Hughes 2002 2012 Kelly Talamas 2012 2016 Karla Martínez de Salas 2016 present Vogue Latinoamérica Circulation Editor-in-chief Start year End year 1999–present Eva Hughes 2002 2012 Kelly Talamas 2012 2016 Karla Martínez de Salas 2016 present See also [ edit ] List of (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_M%C3%A9xico_cover_models) Vogue México cover models (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_M%C3%A9xico_cover_models) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kelly, Keith J. (1999-03-25). "LATIN LOOK FOR VOGUE" (https://nypost.com/1999/03/25/latin-look-for-vogue/) . Retrieved 2023-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "15 años, 15 musas favoritas" (http://www.vogue.mx/moda/articulos/15-modelos-favoritas-de-vogue-mexico/4394) . Vogue México . 2014-10-15 . Retrieved 2017-01-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sprouls, Frannie (2018-11-26). "Eva Hughes is Taking Risks and Loving Every Minute" (https://hispanicexecutive.com/eva-hughes-adira-consulting/) . Hispanic Executive . Retrieved 2023-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Eva Hughes is the new CEO for Condé Nast Mexico and Latin America" (https://www.portada-online.com/2012/01/11/eva-hughes-is-the-new-ceo-for-conde-nast-mexico-and-latin-america/) . Portada . 2012-01-11 . Retrieved 2017-01-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_5-0) "Kelly Talamas | #BoF500 | The Business of Fashion" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/kelly-talamas) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2017-01-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) O'Shea, Chris. "Vogue Names Editor for Mexico Edition" (https://www.adweek.com/performance-marketing/vogue-names-editor-for-mexico-edition/) . www.adweek.com . Retrieved 2023-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Castano, Ivan (2016-06-17). "Vogue Mexico Names Karla Martinez Editor in Chief" (https://wwd.com/feature/vogue-mexico-karla-martinez-editor-in-chief-10459838/) . WWD . 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Celebrity-lifestyle retail brand This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Lopez_Collection&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( October 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Jennifer Lopez Collection Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 2010 Defunct 2020 Headquarters United States Key people Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) Products Sportswear, dresses, handbags, jewelry, shoes, sleepwear, bedding, towels Website Online store (http://www.kohls.com/kohlsStore/ourbrands/jenniferlopez.jsp) The Jennifer Lopez Collection was an American lifestyle brand (/wiki/Lifestyle_brand) created by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) . It was sold exclusively in Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) department stores and on their website. In Mexico, the collection is sold at department store Coppel (/wiki/Coppel) . [1] (#cite_note-1) In November 2010, Kohl's announced the partnership with Lopez and her ex-husband Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) . Following Lopez and Anthony's divorce, the lines were marked as two separate brands. In May 2020, Kohl’s announced it would be removing 8 of its brands, including the Jennifer Lopez Collection, due to the coronavirus pandemic (/wiki/Coronavirus_pandemic) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The Jennifer Lopez Collection included contemporary sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) , dresses, handbags, jewelry, shoes, sleepwear, and a home collection. [3] (#cite_note-3) Background [ edit ] Lopez and Anthony’s partnership with Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) was announced during a press conference at the London Hotel in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) on November 18, 2010. [4] (#cite_note-J._Lo_and_Marc_Anthony_Partner_with_Kohl's_on_New_Fashion_Line-4) The deal, which was marketed as "the first celebrity couple to simultaneously design collections for one retailer", [5] (#cite_note-J.Lo_And_Marc_Anthony’s_Kohl’s_Line_To_Move_Forward_Despite_Divorce-5) was aimed at including men's and women's clothing, as well as house wares. Lopez's collection was revealed to feature women's dresses, sportswear, handbags and jewelry, while Anthony's was to contain men's dress shirts, ties, sport coats and shoes. [6] (#cite_note-J._Lo,_Marc_Anthony_to_launch_brand_at_Kohl's-6) Kohl's expected "the his-and-hers line" to expand into home accessories over time. [6] (#cite_note-J._Lo,_Marc_Anthony_to_launch_brand_at_Kohl's-6) The new venture was expected to generate up to $3 billion in additional sales for Kohl's in its first year alone. [4] (#cite_note-J._Lo_and_Marc_Anthony_Partner_with_Kohl's_on_New_Fashion_Line-4) Following the couple's separation in July 2011, it was announced that the line would go forward as two separate clothing lines. [7] (#cite_note-Jennifer_Lopez's_Fashion_Line_To_Go_Ahead-7) Rick Darling, the president of LF USA, which is sublicensing the brands to Kohl's exclusively, added: "We have two separate agreements with Jennifer and Marc and always intended to have separate lines. [Their split] doesn't impact the agreements in any way." [5] (#cite_note-J.Lo_And_Marc_Anthony’s_Kohl’s_Line_To_Move_Forward_Despite_Divorce-5) In June 2014, Billboard reported Lopez received 5% of all revenues from her collection. [8] (#cite_note-Hampp_2014-8) Collections [ edit ] Fall 2011 [ edit ] The fall 2011 collection was previewed in the August 2011, edition of O, The Oprah Magazine (/wiki/O,_The_Oprah_Magazine) . In the magazine, Lopez is shown "modeling her faux-fur-lined belted sweater with skinny jeans and matching boots". Eight O readers were also styled in the collection, which included "on-trend animal prints paired with neutral colors" that Lopez labeled as "accessible, everyday glamour." [9] (#cite_note-First_Look:_Jennifer_Lopez's_Kohl's_Collaboration-9) The full look book (/wiki/Look_book) for the collection, was released on August 17. [10] (#cite_note-Jennifer_Lopez_Debuts_Full_Lookbook_For_Kohl's_Line-10) The collection became available at Kohl's department stores and at Kohls.com starting on September 11, 2011. [11] (#cite_note-Jennifer_Lopez_and_Marc_Anthony_reunited-11) The debut of Lopez's and Anthony's lines marked the biggest product launch in the retailer's history, according to CEO Kevin Mansell (/wiki/Kevin_Mansell) . [12] (#cite_note-Will_J.Lo_and_Marc_Anthony_Fashions_Top_the_Charts_for_Kohl's-12) The line, whose items range in price from $22 to $150, [12] (#cite_note-Will_J.Lo_and_Marc_Anthony_Fashions_Top_the_Charts_for_Kohl's-12) was inspired by Lopez's "glamorous and cosmopolitan lifestyle" as a "globally recognized entertainer". "The contemporary collection is easy, comfortable and designed for women who want effortless, sophisticated style at a great value." [13] (#cite_note-First_look:_The_Jennifer_Lopez_Collection_for_Kohl's-13) Spring 2012 [ edit ] On February 29, Lopez posted photos from the commercial shoot for the spring collection onto her official website. [14] (#cite_note-14) The commercial was on March 4. [15] (#cite_note-Behind_the_Scenes_at_Jennifer_Lopez’s_Latest_Kohl’s_Commercial_Shoot-15) The commercial was directed by Darren Aronofsky (/wiki/Darren_Aronofsky) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Fall 2012 [ edit ] The fall 2012 collection focuses on "trendy elements that accentuate femininity". The collection includes numerous autumnal elements, dresses to knitted cardigans, stylish shirts, maxi skirts and sweaters. [17] (#cite_note-Fashion-style_Fall_2012_Collection-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Jennifer Lopez, sofisticación y glamour en su propuesta de moda para el otoño" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200711001215/https://www.vanidades.com/moda/15/03/22/Jennifer-Lopez-linea-de-ropa-y-accesorios/) . Vanidades . 22 March 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.vanidades.com/moda/15/03/22/Jennifer-Lopez-linea-de-ropa-y-accesorios/) on 11 July 2020 . Retrieved 16 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Kohl's exits Jennifer Lopez, other women's brands as losses mount" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kohls-results/kohls-exits-jennifer-lopez-other-womens-brands-as-losses-mount-idUSKBN22V1JT) . Reuters . 19 May 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Jennifer Lopez Works Her Ass Off on 'A.K.A.' Album, Powerhouse Brand (Cover Story)" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6121167/jennifer-lopez-billboard-cover-story-aka-album?page=0%2C1) . Billboard . 16 June 2014. ^ a b Hernandez, Lee (November 18, 2010). "J. Lo and Marc Anthony Partner with Kohl's on New Fashion Line" (http://www.latina.com/fashion/designers/j-lo-and-marc-anthony-partner-kohl-s-new-fashion-line) . Latina . Retrieved November 10, 2012 . ^ a b Fenner, Justin (July 18, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony – DIVORCED – Kohl's Collaboration" (http://www.styleite.com/retail/jennifer-lopez-marc-anthony-divorced-kohls) . Styleite . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ a b "J. Lo, Marc Anthony to launch brand at Kohl's | Reuters" (http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53015220101118) . In.reuters.com. November 18, 2010 . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jennifer_Lopez's_Fashion_Line_To_Go_Ahead_7-0) "Jennifer Lopez | Jennifer Lopez's Fashion Line To Go Ahead" (http://www.contactmusic.com/news/jennifer-lopezs-fashion-line-to-go-ahead_1233187) . Contactmusic.com. July 19, 2011 . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hampp_2014_8-0) Hampp, Andrew (2014-06-17). "J. Lo's $40M+ Cash Flow: Inside Jennifer Lopez's Diverse Earnings Portfolio" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/j-los-40m-cash-flow-inside-jennifer-lopezs-diverse-6121554/) . Billboard . Retrieved 2022-09-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-First_Look:_Jennifer_Lopez's_Kohl's_Collaboration_9-0) "First Look Jennifer Lopezs Kohls Collaboration" (http://eonline.com/news/256214/first-look-jennifer-lopez-s-kohl-s-collaboration) . E! Online. August 4, 2011 . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jennifer_Lopez_Debuts_Full_Lookbook_For_Kohl's_Line_10-0) Krupnick, Ellie (August 17, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez Debuts Full Lookbook For Kohl's Line (PHOTOS)" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/17/jennifer-lopez-kohls-_n_929377.html) . Huffingtonpost.com . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jennifer_Lopez_and_Marc_Anthony_reunited_11-0) Sep 9, 2011 11:05 AM by Deanna Barnert (September 9, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony reunited... at Kohls" (http://www.sheknows.com/entertainment/articles/841027/jennifer-lopez-and-marc-anthony-reunited-at-kohls) . Sheknows.com . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ a b Thau, Barbara. "Will J.Lo and Marc Anthony Fashions Top the Charts for Kohl's?" (http://www.dailyfinance.com/2011/09/15/will-j-lo-and-marc-anthony-fashions-top-the-charts-for-kohls) . DailyFinance . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-First_look:_The_Jennifer_Lopez_Collection_for_Kohl's_13-0) Tiffany (August 19, 2011). "First look: The Jennifer Lopez Collection for Kohl's" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120419081427/http://www.sheknows.com/beauty-and-style/articles/839157/first-look-the-jennifer-lopez-collection-for-kohls) . Sheknows.com. Archived from the original (http://www.sheknows.com/beauty-and-style/articles/839157/first-look-the-jennifer-lopez-collection-for-kohls) on April 19, 2012 . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Yurkevich, Svetlana. "EXCLUSIVE: My Spring 2012 Collection With Kohl's" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121117120210/http://jenniferlopez.com/blog/post/exclusive-my-spring-2012-collection-with-kohl-s) . JenniferLopez.com. Archived from the original (http://jenniferlopez.com/blog/post/exclusive-my-spring-2012-collection-with-kohl-s) on November 17, 2012 . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Behind_the_Scenes_at_Jennifer_Lopez’s_Latest_Kohl’s_Commercial_Shoot_15-0) "Jennifer Lopez Clothing Line for Kohl's" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121229002957/http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2012/03/01/jennifer-lopez-clothing-line-kohls/) . Stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com. Archived from the original (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2012/03/01/jennifer-lopez-clothing-line-kohls/) on December 29, 2012 . Retrieved November 10, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Buchanan, Kyle. "See a Darren Aronofsky Ad Starring Jennifer Lopez" (https://www.vulture.com/2012/03/jennifer-lopez-darren-aronofsky-kohls-commercial.html) . Vulture . Retrieved 2022-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion-style_Fall_2012_Collection_17-0) "Jennifer Lopez for Kohl's Fall 2012 Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121118090039/http://www.fashion-style.becomegorgeous.com/fashion_news/jennifer_lopez_for_kohls_fall_2012_collection-8832.html) . Fashion-style.becomegorgeous.com. Archived from the original (http://www.fashion-style.becomegorgeous.com/fashion_news/jennifer_lopez_for_kohls_fall_2012_collection-8832.html) on November 18, 2012 . Retrieved November 4, 2012 . External links [ edit ] Official online store (http://www.kohls.com/kohlsStore/ourbrands/jenniferlopez.jsp) Oprah.com article (http://www.oprah.com/style/Jennifer-Lopez-Clothing-at-Kohls) v t e Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) Brands Abbey Dawn (/wiki/Abbey_Dawn) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) American Beauty Apt. 9 Candie's (/wiki/Candie%27s) Carter's (/wiki/Carter%27s,_Inc.) 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Now (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Now) Soundtrack albums Marry Me (/wiki/Marry_Me_(soundtrack)) Compilation albums J to tha L–O! The Remixes (/wiki/J_to_tha_L%E2%80%93O!_The_Remixes) Dance Again... the Hits (/wiki/Dance_Again..._the_Hits) Extended plays The Reel Me (/wiki/The_Reel_Me) Video albums Feelin' So Good (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_Feelin%27_So_Good) Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_Let%27s_Get_Loud) The Reel Me (/wiki/The_Reel_Me) Concerts and tours Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud_(concerts)) Jennifer Lopez & Marc Anthony en Concierto (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_%26_Marc_Anthony_en_Concierto) Dance Again World Tour (/wiki/Dance_Again_World_Tour) Enrique Iglesias & Jennifer Lopez Tour (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias_%26_Jennifer_Lopez_Tour) ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen Live (/wiki/%C2%A1Q%27Viva!_The_Chosen_Live) Jennifer Lopez: All I Have (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_All_I_Have) It's My Party (/wiki/It%27s_My_Party_(tour)) Super Bowl LIV halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIV_halftime_show) This Is Me... 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(Redirected from Franciscan habit (/w/index.php?title=Franciscan_habit&redirect=no) ) Distinctive set of garments worn by members of a religious order This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Religious_habit) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Religious habit" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Religious+habit%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Religious+habit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Religious+habit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Religious+habit%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Religious+habit%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Religious+habit%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) St. Anthony the Great (/wiki/Anthony_the_Great) , wearing the habit of a Coptic (/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria) monk. Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) on Western dress codes (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) and corresponding attires (/wiki/Clothing) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) ( full dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) White tie (/wiki/White_tie) Morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) Full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) ( half dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) Black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) Mess dress uniform (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) ( undress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) , "dress clothes") Suit (/wiki/Suit) Service dress uniform (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) (anything not above) Business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) Casual Friday (/wiki/Casual_Friday) Combat uniform (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) known as Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) and Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Supplementary alternatives Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) law courts (/wiki/Court_dress) royal courts (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) , etc. Religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) , habit , etc. Folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) Distinctions Orders (/wiki/Order_(distinction)) medals (/wiki/Medal) , etc. Legend: = Day (before 6 p.m.) = Evening (after 6 p.m.) = Bow tie (/wiki/Bow_tie) colour = Ladies = Gentlemen Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e A religious habit is a distinctive set of religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) worn by members of a religious order (/wiki/Religious_order) . Traditionally some plain garb recognizable as a religious habit has also been worn by those leading the religious eremitic (/wiki/Hermit) and anchoritic (/wiki/Anchorite) life, although in their case without conformity to a particular uniform style. Uniformity and distinctiveness by order often evolved and changed over time. Interpretation of terms for clothes in religious rules could change over centuries. Furthermore, every time new communities gained importance in a cultural area the need for visual separation increased for new as well as old communities. Thus, modern habits are rooted in historic forms, but do not necessarily resemble them in cut, colour, material, detail or use. In Christian monastic (/wiki/Christian_monasticism) orders of the Catholic (/wiki/Catholic_church) , Lutheran (/wiki/Lutheranism) and Anglican (/wiki/Anglicanism) Churches, the habit often consists of a tunic (/wiki/Tunic) covered by a scapular (/wiki/Scapular) and cowl (/wiki/Cowl) , with a hood for monks (/wiki/Monk) or friars (/wiki/Friar) and a veil (/wiki/Veil) for nuns (/wiki/Nun) ; in apostolic orders it may be a distinctive form of cassock (/wiki/Cassock) for men, or a distinctive habit and veil for women. Catholic Canon Law (/wiki/Canon_Law) requires only that the garb of their members be in some way identifiable so that the person may serve as a witness of the Evangelical counsels (/wiki/Evangelical_counsels) . In many orders, the conclusion of postulancy (/wiki/Postulant) and the beginning of the novitiate (/wiki/Novitiate) is marked by a ceremony, in which the new novice is accepted as a novice and then clothed in the community's habit by the superior (/wiki/General_superior) . In some cases the novice's habit will be somewhat different from the customary habit: for instance, in certain orders of women that use the veil (/wiki/Veil) , it is common for novices to wear a white veil while professed members wear black, or if the order generally wears white, the novice wears a grey veil. Among some Franciscan (/wiki/Franciscan) communities of men, novices wear a sort of overshirt over their tunic; Carthusian (/wiki/Carthusian) novices wear a black cloak over their white habit. Buddhism [ edit ] Monks from Central Asia (/wiki/Central_Asia) and China (/wiki/China) wearing traditional kāṣāya; Bezeklik (/wiki/Bezeklik) , Eastern Tarim Basin (/wiki/Tarim_Basin) , China, 9th–10th century Kāṣāya ( Sanskrit (/wiki/Sanskrit_language) : काषाय , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit) : kāṣāya ; Pali (/wiki/Pali) : kasāva; Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袈裟 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : jiāshā ; Cantonese Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : gaa 1 saa 1 ; Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_language) : 袈裟 kesa ; Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 袈裟 가사 gasa ; Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_language) : cà-sa ), "chougu" ( Tibetan (/wiki/Standard_Tibetan) ) are the robes of Buddhist (/wiki/Buddhism) monks (/wiki/Bhikkhu) and nuns (/wiki/Bhikkhuni) , named after a brown or saffron dye. In Sanskrit and Pali, these robes are also given the more general term cīvara , which references the robes without regard to color. Origin and construction [ edit ] An early representation of the Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) wearing kāṣāya robes, in the Hellenistic (/wiki/Hellenistic) style Buddhist kāṣāya are said to have originated in India (/wiki/India) as set of robes for the devotees of Gautama Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) . A notable variant has a pattern reminiscent of an Asian rice field. Original kāṣāya were constructed of discarded fabric (/wiki/Textile) . These were stitched together to form three rectangular pieces of cloth, which were then fitted over the body in a specific manner. The three main pieces of cloth are the antarvāsa , the uttarāsaṅga , and the saṃghāti . [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200390-1) Together they form the "triple robe", or tricīvara . The tricīvara is described more fully in the Theravāda (/wiki/Therav%C4%81da) Vinaya (/wiki/Vinaya) (Vin 1:94 289). Uttarāsaṅga [ edit ] A robe covering the upper body. It is worn over the undergarment, or antarvāsa. In representations of the Buddha, the uttarāsaṅga rarely appears as the uppermost garment, since it is often covered by the outer robe, or saṃghāti. Saṃghāti [ edit ] The saṃghāti is an outer robe used for various occasions. It comes over the upper robe ( uttarāsaṅga ), and the undergarment ( antarvāsa ). In representations of the Buddha, the saṃghāti is usually the most visible garment, with the undergarment or uttarāsaṅga protruding at the bottom. It is quite similar in shape to the Greek himation (/wiki/Himation) , and its shape and folds have been treated in Greek style in the Greco-Buddhist art (/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art) of Gandhāra (/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ra) . Additions [ edit ] Other items that may have been worn with the triple robe were: a waist cloth, the kushalaka a buckled belt, the samakaksika Indian depiction of the Buddha wearing red robes; Sanskrit manuscript, Nālandā (/wiki/N%C4%81land%C4%81) , Bihar (/wiki/Bihar) , India, Pāla period Kāṣāya in Indian Buddhism [ edit ] In India, variations of the kāṣāya robe distinguished different types of monastics. These represented the different schools that they belonged to, and their robes ranged widely from red and ochre, to blue and black. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200389-2) Between 148 and 170 CE, the Parthian (/wiki/Parthia) monk An Shigao (/wiki/An_Shigao) came to China and translated a work which describes the color of monastic robes utilized in five major Indian Buddhist sects, called Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí (Ch. 大比丘三千威儀). [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHino200455-3) Another text translated at a later date, the Śariputraparipṛcchā , contains a very similar passage corroborating this information, but the colors for the Sarvāstivāda and Dharmaguptaka sects are reversed. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHino200455–56-4) [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESujato2012i-5) Nikāya Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí Śariputraparipṛcchā Sarvāstivāda (/wiki/Sarvastivada) Deep Red Black Dharmaguptaka (/wiki/Dharmaguptaka) Black Deep Red Mahāsāṃghika (/wiki/Mahasamghika) Yellow Yellow Mahīśāsaka (/wiki/Mahisasaka) Blue Blue Kaśyapīya (/wiki/Kasyapiya) Magnolia Magnolia In traditions of Tibetan Buddhism (/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism) , which follow the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, red robes are regarded as characteristic of the Mūlasarvāstivādins. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohrTsedroen2010266-6) According to Dudjom Rinpoche from the tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, the robes of fully ordained Mahāsāṃghika monastics were to be sewn out of more than seven sections, but no more than twenty-three sections. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinpoche199916-7) The symbols sewn on the robes were the endless knot (/wiki/Endless_knot) (Skt. śrīvatsa ) and the conch shell (Skt. śaṅkha ), two of the Eight Auspicious Signs (/wiki/Ashtamangala) in Buddhism. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinpoche199916-7) Jiāshā in Chinese Buddhism [ edit ] In Chinese Buddhism (/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism) , the kāṣāya is called gāsā (Ch. 袈裟). During the early period of Chinese Buddhism (/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism) , the most common color was red. Later, the color of the robes came to serve as a way to distinguish monastics, just as they did in India. However, the colors of a Chinese Buddhist monastic's robes often corresponded to their geographical region rather than to any specific schools. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200389-2) By the maturation of Chinese Buddhism, only the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage was still in use, and therefore the color of robes served no useful purpose as a designation for sects, the way that it had in India. Kesa in Japanese Buddhism [ edit ] Japanese Buddhist priest's mantle ( kesa ), 1775–1825, LACMA (/wiki/LACMA) textile collections In Japanese Buddhism (/wiki/Japanese_Buddhism) , the kāṣāya is known as the kesa ( 袈裟 ) . In Japan, during the Edo (/wiki/Edo_period) and Meiji periods (/wiki/Meiji_period) , kesa were sometimes pieced together from the theatrical kimono (/wiki/Kimono) used in Noh theatre (/wiki/Noh_theatre) . Christianity [ edit ] Religious clothing includes habits Catholicism [ edit ] Pope John Paul II (/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II) in his post-apostolic Exhortation Vita consecrata (1996) says concerning the religious habit of consecrated (/wiki/Consecrated_life) persons: §25 [...] The Church must always seek to make her presence visible in everyday life, especially in contemporary culture, which is often very secularized and yet sensitive to the language of signs. In this regard the Church has a right to expect a significant contribution from consecrated persons, called as they are in every situation to bear clear witness that they belong to Christ. Since the habit is a sign of consecration, poverty and membership in a particular Religious family, I join the Fathers of the Synod in strongly recommending to men and women religious that they wear their proper habit, suitably adapted to the conditions of time and place. Where valid reasons of their apostolate call for it, Religious, in conformity with the norms of their Institute, may also dress in a simple and modest manner, with an appropriate symbol, in such a way that their consecration is recognizable. Institutes which from their origin or by provision of their Constitutions do not have a specific habit should ensure that the dress of their members corresponds in dignity and simplicity to the nature of their vocation. Nuns [ edit ] A nun of the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration (/wiki/Poor_Clares_of_Perpetual_Adoration) in her cloister Traditional Catholic nuns The religious habits of Catholic nuns typically consist of the following elements: Tunic : This is the central piece of the habit. It is a loose dress made of serge (/wiki/Serge_(fabric)) fabric pleated at the neck and draping to the ground. It can be worn pinned up in the front or in the back to allow the nun to work. Scapular (/wiki/Scapular) : This symbolic apron hangs from both front and back; it is worn over the tunic, and Benedictine (/wiki/Benedictine) nuns also wear it over the belt, whereas some other orders wear it tied under the belt. Cincture : The habit is often secured around the waist with a belt of leather, wool or a lanyard. The cincture of the Franciscan orders has three (or four) knots standing for the vows. Coif (/wiki/Coif) : This is the garment's headpiece and includes the white cotton cap secured by a bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) and a white wimple (/wiki/Wimple) (to cover the neck and cheeks) and guimpe (/wiki/Guimpe) (to cover the chest, similar to a short cape) of starched linen, cotton, or (today) polyester. It is sometimes covered by a thin layer of black crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) . Veil (/wiki/Black_veil) : This element is worn pinned over the coif head coverings. Some veils can be worn down to cover the face or up to expose it. The veil sometimes includes a white underveil as well. The colour of the veil depends as well from the habit of the order and the status of the sister or nun (novices or postulants wear differently coloured veils than the professed sisters and nuns). The coif and veil were common items of clothing for married women in medieval Europe. [ citation needed ] Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time. Sisters [ edit ] Sisters of the Daughters of Mary in traditional habit Missionaries of Charity (/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity) sisters in Haiti, wearing the order's traditional white sari with blue stripes This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Historically, the religious habit of Catholic sisters (/wiki/Religious_sister) was a visible sign of a woman's consecration to God. [8] (#cite_note-8) Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time. For example, in former times, the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul) wore a cornette (/wiki/Cornette) instead of a veil. Due the ecclesiastical document Perfectae caritatis (/wiki/Perfectae_caritatis) , many congregations decided to simplify their habits, to conform to the attire of the culture they are working in, or to even discard their use entirely. While styles vary, for those wearing the traditional habit, three pieces are consistently worn: tunic (robe), belt/cincture, veil. The habit of some Dominican Sisters (/wiki/Dominican_Sisters) consists of a tunic, belt (cincture), scapular, veil, rosary, and on formal occasions a cappa (mantle). [9] (#cite_note-9) Even for orders that have chosen not to wear a habit, these sisters often share a common appearance: calf-length skirt, blouse or sweater, visible cross necklace. Monks [ edit ] Carthusian monks of the Chartreuse de Portes Monks in the Catholic church wear a tunic, a cincture (/wiki/Cincture) , a hooded scapular, and, for the Liturgy of the Hours (/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours) , a mantle (novices) or a cowl (professed monks). [ citation needed ] Friars [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Canons regular [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( February 2021 ) Owing to the different traditions and origins that exist, there is no singular common habit worn by the Canons Regular (/wiki/Canons_Regular) . Historically the common habit was the distinctive white cassock, with white fascia, over time some communities of Canons have changed to wearing the black cassock with black fascia. The only item of the habit that is common to all Canons is the linen rochet (/wiki/Rochet) a mark of the canonical status. In the Netherlands, some wore a cacullae (a small asymmetrical black cope (/wiki/Cope) of cloth or sheepskin.) Some communities of canons, notably in Austria and Switzerland wear a sarotium, coming from the Latin sacrum rochettum , 'the sacred rochet'. It is a thin band of linen worn over the cassock when not in choir. As part of their choir dress, some communities of Canons wear a mozzetta, either black or purple over the rochet. Outdoors Canons wear a black cloak and hood, but again adaptations have been made to this in some of the communities. Canons also traditionally wore a biretta (/wiki/Biretta) . Clergy [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( March 2017 ) Usually, secular priests (/wiki/Secular_clergy) wear either a black cassock (/wiki/Cassock) or an ordinary men's garb in black or another dark color along with a white clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) . White cassocks or clothes may be worn in hot climates. Also, a ferraiolo (a kind of cope) could be worn along with the cassock. Priests also traditionally wore a biretta (/wiki/Biretta) along with the cassock. Deacons, priests, and bishops belonging to religious institutes (/wiki/Religious_institute) wear the habit of their institute. Abbot or cardinal [ edit ] Main article: Pontifical vestments (/wiki/Pontifical_vestments) Latin Church (/wiki/Latin_Church) clergy other than bishops, in particular any who are abbots (/wiki/Abbot) or apostolic prefects (/wiki/Apostolic_prefect) or ordinary of a personal ordinariate, may wear pontifical items. Mitre, crosier and ring are bestowed on an abbot at his blessing and the pectoral cross is a customary part of an abbatial habit. [ citation needed ] Catholic habits gallery [ edit ] The religious habit of the Carmelite Order (/wiki/Carmelites) is brown and includes the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (/wiki/Scapular_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel) (also known as Brown Scapular) The religious habit of the Hieronymite enclosed monks and nuns (/wiki/Hieronymites) is white and includes a brown scapular The religious habit of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd (/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd) (and also of the Sisters from the Order of Our Lady of Charity) is white, with a white scapular, a black veil and a large silver heart on the breast The religious habit of the Sisters of Mary Reparatrix (/wiki/Sisters_of_Mary_Reparatrix) is white, with a blue scapular, a white and blue veil and a large golden heart on the breast The religious habit of the Franciscan (/wiki/Franciscan) Order of Friars Minor (/wiki/Friars_Minor) and Friars Minor Capuchin (/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin) is usually brown or gray; the habit of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual (/wiki/Conventual_Franciscans) and Third Order Regular is black, although the Order of Friars Minor Conventual is returning to the grey habit worldwide The religious habit of the Benedictines (/wiki/Benedictines) is black (the style varies depending upon the monastery) The religious habit of the Carthusians (/wiki/Carthusians) is white. A similar habit is used by the Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno (/wiki/Monastic_Family_of_Bethlehem,_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_and_of_Saint_Bruno) The religious habit of the Dominicans (/wiki/Dominican_Order) is black and white Cistercians (/wiki/Cistercians) in their religious habit (with the black scapular (/wiki/Scapular) ) The religious habit of the Clarisses (/wiki/Clarisses) (also known as Poor Clares (/wiki/Poor_Clares) ) is brown, with a black veil The religious habit of the Sisters of the Annunciation (/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary) is white, with a red scapular and a black veil The religious habit (based on the Indian sari (/wiki/Sari) ) of the Missionaries of Charity (/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity) , founded by Mother Teresa of Calcutta (/wiki/Mother_Teresa) The religious habit of the Trinitarian Order (/wiki/Trinitarian_Order) is white with a distinctive cross with a blue horizontal bar and a red vertical bar The religious habit of the Sisters of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament (/wiki/Order_of_the_Incarnate_Word_and_Blessed_Sacrament) is white, with a red scapular and a black veil Oratorians (/wiki/Oratory_of_Jesus) wear roughly the same vestments as parish priests (/wiki/Priest) . The distinctive Oratorian clerical collar consists of white cloth that folds over the collar all around the neck. Sisters belonging to the Daughters of Charity (/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul) with the cornette which used to be common Religious habit of a Trappist (/wiki/Trappists) monk Religious habit of a Premonstratensian (/wiki/Premonstratensian) canon Pauline (/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit) Pius Przeździecki The Mercedarians (/wiki/Mercedarian_Order) wear white The religious habit of a Minims (/wiki/Minims_(religious_order)) friar; it consists of a black tunic, a scapular with a capuche and a black cincture with four knots (four vows) Lutheranism [ edit ] In Lutheranism (/wiki/Lutheranism) , various religious orders (/wiki/Religious_order) have a habit of a different colour. The Daughters of Mary (/wiki/Daughters_of_Mary_(Lutheran)) wear a blue habit. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuBois201790-10) Anglicanism [ edit ] Further information: Anglican religious order (/wiki/Anglican_religious_order) Eastern Orthodoxy [ edit ] The Analavos , worn by Orthodox monks and nuns of the Great Schema The Eastern Orthodox Church (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church) does not have distinct religious orders such as those in the Catholic Church. The habit ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Σχήμα , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek) : Schēma ) is essentially the same throughout the world. The normal monastic color is black, symbolic of repentance and simplicity. The habits of monks and nuns are identical; additionally, nuns wear a scarf, called an apostolnik (/wiki/Apostolnik) . The habit is bestowed in degrees, as the monk or nun advances in the spiritual life. There are three degrees: (1) the beginner, known as the Rassaphore ('robe bearer') (2) the intermediate, known as the Stavrophore ('cross bearer'), and (3) the Great Schema worn by Great Schema Monks or Nuns. Only the last, the Schemamonk or Schemanun, the monastic of the highest degree, wears the full habit. The habit is formally bestowed upon monks and nuns at the ceremony known as the tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) (Greek κουρά ). The parts of the Eastern Orthodox habit are: Inner Rason ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Έσώρασον , Ζωστικὸν or Ἀντερί , Esórason ; Slavonic (/wiki/Church_Slavonic) : Podryásnik ): The inner rason (/wiki/Cassock#Eastern_practice_.28Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic.29) (cassock) is the innermost garment. It is a long, collared garment coming to the feet, with narrow, tapered sleeves. Unlike the Roman cassock, it is double-breasted. The inner rason is the basic garment and is worn at all times, even when working. It is often given to novices (/wiki/Novice) and seminarians (/wiki/Seminarian) , though this differs from community to community. The inner rason is also worn by chanters (/wiki/Chanter) , readers (/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)) , and the married clergy. For monks and nuns, it symbolizes the vow (/wiki/Religious_vows) of poverty (/wiki/Poverty#Relative_poverty) . Belt (Greek: Ζώνη , Zone ; Slavonic: Poyas ): The belt worn by Orthodox monks and nuns is normally leather, though sometimes it is of cloth. In the Russian tradition, married clergy, as well as the higher monastic clergy, may wear a cloth belt that is finely embroidered (/wiki/Embroidery) , especially on feast days (/wiki/Great_Feasts) . The belt is symbolic of the vow of chastity (/wiki/Chastity) . Paramand (Greek: Παραμανδύας , Paramandýas ; Slavonic: Paraman ): The Paramand is a piece of cloth, approximately 5 inches (130 mm) square which is attached by ribbons to a wooden cross. The cloth is embroidered with a cross and the Instruments of the Passion (/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)#Instruments_of_the_Passion) . The wooden cross is worn over the chest, then the ribbons pass over and under the arms, like a yoke (/wiki/Yoke) , and hold the square cloth centered on the back. The paramand is symbolic of the yoke of Christ (Matthew 11:29–30). [11] (#cite_note-11) Outer Rason ( a.k.a. , Greek: εξώρασον, exorason or simply ράσο, raso ; Slavonic: ryasa ): Among the Greeks it is worn by readers and all higher clerics; among the Russians it is worn only by monks, deacons, priests, and bishops. Analavos (Greek: Άνάλαβος; Slavonic: Analav ): The distinctive dress of the Great Schema is the analavos, and it is worn only by Schemamonks and Schemanuns. Traditionally made of either leather or wool, the analavos covers the shoulders, and then comes down in the front and back, forming a cross (see illustration, above right). Polystavrion (Greek: Πολυσταύριον, lit. "many crosses"): The polystavrion is a long cord that has been plaited with numerous crosses forming a yoke that is worn over the analavos to hold it in place. Mantle (Greek: Μανδύας, Mandías ; Slavonic: Mantíya ): The Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(vesture)) is a long, full cape, joined at the neck which the monastic wears over the other parts of the habit. St. Tikhon of Moscow (/wiki/Tikhon_of_Moscow) wearing the patriarchal white koukoulion Kalymafki (a.k.a. Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) , Greek: καλυμαύκι; Slavonic: klobuk): The distinctive headdress (/wiki/Headdress) of Eastern Orthodox monks and nuns is the kalymafki, a stiffened hat, something like a fez (/wiki/Fez_(clothing)) , only black and with straight sides, covered with a veil (/wiki/Veil) . The veil has lappets which hang down on each side of the head and a stylized hood falling down the back. For monastics of the Great Schema, the kalymafki takes a very distinctive shape, known as a koukoulion (/wiki/Cowl) (cowl), and is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. The koukoulion is also worn by the Patriarchs of several local churches, regardless of whether or not he has been tonsured to that degree. In the Slavic tradition, the koukoulion will be in the form of a cloth hood, similar to that worn on the Western cowl. Outside church, monastics wear a soft hat known as a Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) . Again, for Schemamonks and Schemanuns it is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. The portions of the habit worn by the various degrees of monastics is as follows: Rasophore Stavrophore Great Schema Inner Rason Inner Rason Inner Rason Belt Belt Belt Paramand Paramand Outer Rason Outer Rason Outer Rason Analavos Mantle (Russian use only) Mantle Polystavrion Kalymafki Kalymafki Koukoulion Eastern Orthodox habits gallery [ edit ] Inner Rason worn by Polish Orthodox Church (/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church) cleric Monk at the Mount Athos, 1850s Hinduism [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_habit&action=edit&section=) . ( March 2017 ) In Hinduism, religious clothing is a huge element of an individual’s life. [ citation needed ] Most Hindus are known to wear a religious pendant in their daily life to show their faith in God. Hindu women cover their heads with scarf as a sign of respect for not only religion but also their husbands. [ citation needed ] In India, most devoted Hindus are seen wearing a tilak and orange clothing depicting devotion to their religion. [ citation needed ] Most Hindu Pandits (/wiki/Pandit) are either seen in a white or orange (kesari) religious clothing in India. [ citation needed ] Brahmin Hindus are most known for their devotion to the religion among all Hindus. They are seen wearing religious habits at various important moments in their life. [ citation needed ] Islam [ edit ] See also: Islamic clothing (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Islam does not have religious habits or monastic orders. Muslim ascetics do not have particular uniforms, but rather dress in humble clothing appropriate to their era and region. [ citation needed ] Jainism [ edit ] Female ascetics and Śvetāmbara (/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara) male monks always wear un-stitched or minimally stitched white clothes. Digambara (/wiki/Digambara) Jain monks do not wear clothes. A loin cloth which reaches up to the shins is called a Cholapattak. Another cloth to cover the upper part of the body is called Pangarani (Uttariya Vastra). A cloth that passes over the left shoulder and covers the body up to a little above the ankle is called a Kïmli. Kïmli is a woolen shawl. They also carry a woolen bed sheet and a woolen mat to sit on. Those who wear clothes have a muhapati (/wiki/Muhapati) , which is a square or rectangular piece of cloth of a prescribed measurement, either in their hand or tied on their face covering the mouth. Śvetāmbara ascetics have an Ogho or Rajoharan (a broom of woolen threads) to clean insects around their sitting place or while they are walking. Digambara ascetics have a Morpichhi and a Kamandal in their hands. This practice may vary among different sects of Jains but essential principle remains the same to limit needs. Shinto [ edit ] In Japan, various types of very traditional dress are worn by Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) priests, often dating to styles worn by nobles during the Nara period (/wiki/Nara_period) or Heian period (/wiki/Heian_period) . Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) ( 袴 ) are a type of traditional Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) , originally worn only by men, but today they are worn by both sexes. There are two types, divided umanori ( 馬乗り , "horse-riding hakama ") and undivided andon bakama ( 行灯袴 , "lantern hakama ") . The umanori type have divided legs, similar to trousers (/wiki/Trousers) , but both types appear similar. Hakama are tied at the waist and fall approximately to the ankles, and are worn over a kimono (/wiki/Kimono) (hakamashita), with the kimono then appearing like a shirt. A Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) ( 浄衣 ) is a garment worn in Japan by people attending religious ceremonies and activities, including Buddhist and Shinto related occasions. Not only Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) and Buddhist priests can be found wearing Jōe at rituals, but laymen as well, for example when participating in pilgrimage such as the Shikoku Pilgrimage (/wiki/Shikoku_Pilgrimage) . The garment is usually white or yellow and is made of linen or silk depending on its kind and use. The Shinto priest who wears the jōe is attired in a peaked cap (/wiki/Cap) called tate-eboshi , an outer tunic called the jōe proper, an outer robe called jōe no sodegukuri no o , an undergarment called hitoe , ballooning trousers called sashinuki or nubakama , and a girdle called jōe no ate-obi . See also [ edit ] Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism (/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism) Religious dress (/wiki/Religious_dress) Tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieschnick200390_1-0) Kieschnick 2003 (#CITEREFKieschnick2003) , p. 90. ^ a b Kieschnick 2003 (#CITEREFKieschnick2003) , p. 89. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHino200455_3-0) Hino 2004 (#CITEREFHino2004) , p. 55. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHino200455–56_4-0) Hino 2004 (#CITEREFHino2004) , pp. 55–56. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESujato2012i_5-0) Sujato 2012 (#CITEREFSujato2012) , p. i. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohrTsedroen2010266_6-0) Mohr & Tsedroen 2010 (#CITEREFMohrTsedroen2010) , p. 266. ^ a b Rinpoche 1999 (#CITEREFRinpoche1999) , p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Why do nuns (and monks) wear habits?" (https://aleteia.org/2020/07/09/why-do-nuns-and-others-in-religious-life-wear-habits/) . Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture . 2020-07-09 . Retrieved 2024-02-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Our Religious Habit" (https://houstondominicans.org/our-religious-habit) . Dominican Sisters . Retrieved 2021-02-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuBois201790_10-0) DuBois 2017 (#CITEREFDuBois2017) , p. 90. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Matthew 11:29–30 (https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2011:29–30&version=nrsv) Bibliography [ edit ] DuBois, Thomas A. (12 December 2017). Sacred to the Touch: Nordic and Baltic Religious Wood Carving . University of Washington Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-74242-7 . Hino, Shoun (2004). Three Mountains and Seven Rivers . Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-208-2468-3 . Kieschnick, John (2003). The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture . Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. Rinpoche, Dudjom (1999). Perfect Conduct: Ascertaining the Three Vows . Wisdom Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0861710836 . Sujato, Bhante (/wiki/Bhante_Sujato) (2012). Sects & Sectarianism: The Origins of Buddhist Schools . Santipada. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781921842085 . Mohr, Thea; Tsedroen, Jampa, eds. (2010). Dignity and Discipline: Reviving Full Ordination for Buddhist Nuns . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0861715886 . Further reading [ edit ] Dwyer-McNulty, Sally (2014). Common Threads: A Cultural History of Clothing in American Catholicism . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4696-1409-0 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Religious habits (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religious_habits) . New Catholic Dictionary (https://web.archive.org/web/20070107022157/https://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd03798.htm) Images of medieval monks and nuns in the dress of their Orders (http://www.historyfish.net/monastics/monasticorders.html) (Public Domain images and text) Many photographs of nuns and sisters in the dress of their respective orders (http://www.nunsandsisters.com/Photographs.html) Catholic Sisters International Collection, University of Dayton Special Collections (http://digital.udayton.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/nuns) (photographs of reproductions of over 130 religious habits) v t e Consecrated life (/wiki/Consecrated_life) in the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) Types (/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life) Consecrated virgin (/wiki/Consecrated_virgin) Hermit (/wiki/Hermit) Religious institute (/wiki/Religious_institute) Orders (/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)) Monastic (/wiki/Christian_monasticism) Cenobitic (/wiki/Cenobitic_monasticism) Chapter 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1964 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1964) 1965 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1965) 1966 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1966) 1967 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1967) 1968 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1968) 1969 1970 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1970) 1971 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1971) 1972 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1972) 1973 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1973) 1974 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1974) Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) established in 1969 (/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_1969) — companies in fashion−design &/or manufacturing−retailing of clothing. Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 1960s portal (/wiki/Portal:1960s) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐cns29 Cached time: 20240717232053 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.204 seconds Real time usage: 0.254 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 69/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3177/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 84/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.156/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933372/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 231.559 1 -total 79.10% 183.169 1 Template:Navseasoncats 18.46% 42.745 1 Template:Portal 2.26% 5.222 2 Template:C Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51174315-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717232053 and revision id 974954398. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1969" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C The Children's Place (/wiki/The_Children%27s_Place) Coogi (/wiki/Coogi) D Designer Brands (/wiki/Designer_Brands) G Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) Golden Breed (/wiki/Golden_Breed) H Hot Tuna Clothing (/wiki/Hot_Tuna_Clothing) J Jordache (/wiki/Jordache) N New Look (company) (/wiki/New_Look_(company)) Nutters of Savile Row (/wiki/Nutters_of_Savile_Row) P Pou Chen Corporation (/wiki/Pou_Chen_Corporation) Primark (/wiki/Primark) Q Quiksilver (/wiki/Quiksilver) R Rip Curl (/wiki/Rip_Curl) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1969&oldid=974954398 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1969&oldid=974954398) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1969 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1969) Manufacturing companies established in 1969 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1969) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
Sash used for tying kimono sleeves up Tasuki as seen from the front at a summer festival A tasuki ( 襷 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%B7) /たすき ) is a fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) used for holding up the long sleeves of the Japanese kimono (/wiki/Kimono) . It is a sash made from either cloth or cord that loops over each shoulder and crosses over the wearer's back. The bottom of the kimono sleeves can then be tucked into the loop, holding them back for convenience and functionality. Overview [ edit ] Haniwa depicting a shinto priestess wearing tasuki In modern Japanese history, tasuki were used by many people as everyday practical accessories, but in ancient Japan they were an exclusive accessory used by the Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) clergy during ceremonies. Terracotta Haniwa (/wiki/Haniwa) dating to the Kofun period (/wiki/Kofun_period) that were excavated in Gunma Prefecture (/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture) depict Shinto miko (/wiki/Miko) wearing tasuki . [1] (#cite_note-1) During the Edo period (1603–1867), tasuki were worn by manual laborers for the mobility they would have had if they were not wearing kimono. [2] (#cite_note-2) The tasuki allowed the kimono wearer to work without large sleeves getting in the way of the job, and without risking damage to the garment's sleeves. Women wearing tasuki while inspecting silk worm (/wiki/Silk_worm) eggs Tasuki are still used for both practical and aesthetic reasons even for modern wearers of Kimono. People involved in the proceedings of Japanese festivals, such as Japanese traditional dancers (/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dance) at odori festivals or those tasked with pulling the danjiri at the Danjiri Matsuri (/wiki/Danjiri_Matsuri) wear tasuki over their kimono or yukata (/wiki/Yukata) for unimpeded movement. As many danjiri and odori festivals are held outside during the summer, tasuki also help the wearer keep cool while they work. Bōsōzoku (/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku) motorcycle gang members wear tasuki for aesthetic reasons, as a part of their special attack clothing ( 特攻服 , Tokkō-fuku ) , [3] (#cite_note-3) an attempt to imitate World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) kamikaze (/wiki/Kamikaze) pilots. [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] List of items traditionally worn in Japan (/wiki/List_of_items_traditionally_worn_in_Japan) Sleeve garter (/wiki/Sleeve_garter) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) eKokuhou. "Shrine maiden, Haniwa (unglazed earthen object)" (http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100578) . Retrieved 2019-04-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Takeo Funabiki (2014-10-03). "The mysteries of the kimono: part 2" (https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/things-to-do/the-mysteries-of-the-kimono-part-2) . Retrieved 2019-04-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Tomohiro Osaki (2018-09-08). "Worn to be wild: Tokkōfuku combat uniforms" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2018/09/08/style/worn-wild-tokkofuku-combat-%E2%80%A8uniforms/) . Retrieved 2019-04-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Zaloga, Steven J. (June 21, 2011). Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 (1 ed.). Osprey Publishing. p. 12 (https://archive.org/details/kamikazejapanese00zalo/page/n11) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1849083539 . External links [ edit ] How to tie (https://www.japantrends.com/tasukigake-latest-fashion-trend-hated/) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tasuki (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tasuki) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tasukigake (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tasukigake) . v t e Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) List of items traditionally worn in Japan (/wiki/List_of_items_traditionally_worn_in_Japan) Traditional Chihaya (/wiki/Chihaya_(clothing)) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Furisode (/wiki/Furisode) Hanten (/wiki/Hanten) Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) Haori (/wiki/Haori) Happi (/wiki/Happi) Jinbei (/wiki/Jinbei) Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) Jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) Keikogi (/wiki/Keikogi) Kosode (/wiki/Kosode) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Kyahan (/wiki/Kyahan) Mawashi (/wiki/Mawashi) Mino (/wiki/Mino_(straw_cape)) Nemaki (/wiki/Nemaki) Samue (/wiki/Samue) Shitagi (/wiki/Shitagi) Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) Uwagi (/wiki/Uwagi) Yukata (/wiki/Yukata) Headgear Benkan (/wiki/Benkan) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kanmuri (/wiki/Kanmuri_(headwear)) Kanzashi (/wiki/Kanzashi) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Raikan (/wiki/Raikan) Shaguma (/wiki/Shaguma) Tenugui (/wiki/Tenugui) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Tsunokakushi (/wiki/Tsunokakushi) Belt / sash Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Uwa-obi (/wiki/Uwa-obi) Tasuki Footwear Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐trv5c Cached time: 20240720195906 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.437 seconds Real time usage: 0.573 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1268/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40890/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1062/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25931/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.317/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15512692/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 519.893 1 -total 24.70% 128.436 17 Template:Transl 21.64% 112.514 1 Template:Japanese_clothing 21.23% 110.356 1 Template:Navbox 21.12% 109.798 1 Template:Reflist 16.60% 86.291 3 Template:Cite_web 13.93% 72.412 2 Template:Commons_category 13.10% 68.125 1 Template:Short_description 10.51% 54.636 2 Template:Sister_project 10.04% 52.209 2 Template:Side_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60450730-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720195906 and revision id 1205175760. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasuki_(sash)&oldid=1205175760 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasuki_(sash)&oldid=1205175760) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Japanese sashes (/wiki/Category:Japanese_sashes) Fashion accessories (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessories) History of Asian clothing (/wiki/Category:History_of_Asian_clothing) Shinto religious objects (/wiki/Category:Shinto_religious_objects) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles containing Japanese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Commons category link is locally defined (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined)
The satrap Arbinas (/wiki/Arbinas) wearing a kyrbasia . Nereid Monument (/wiki/Nereid_Monument) . [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrootman2017189-1) The Kyrbasia ( Old Persian (/wiki/Old_Persian) : *kurpāsa ) was a type of headgear worn by the satraps (/wiki/Satraps) of the Achaemenid Empire (/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepa2018252-2) It was later adopted by several post-Achaemenid dynasties, including the early Arsacids (/wiki/Arsacids) of Parthia (/wiki/Parthia) , the early Ariarathids (/wiki/Ariarathid_dynasty) of Cappadocia (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia) , the Orontids (/wiki/Orontids) of Sophene (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sophene) , and the Frataraka (/wiki/Frataraka) of Persis (/wiki/Persis) . [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrootman2017194,_207,_216-3) The kyrbasia is sometimes erroneously referred to as a bashlyk (/wiki/Bashlyk) , the Turkic (/wiki/Turkic_languages) word ( başlık in Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_language) ) for a similar headgear used by Cumans (/wiki/Cumans) , Kipchaks (/wiki/Kipchaks) and Tatars (/wiki/Tatars) during the Middle Ages (/wiki/Middle_Ages) . [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrootman2017188_(see_note_50)-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrootman2017189_1-0) Strootman 2017 (#CITEREFStrootman2017) , p. 189. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepa2018252_2-0) Canepa 2018 (#CITEREFCanepa2018) , p. 252. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrootman2017194,_207,_216_3-0) Strootman 2017 (#CITEREFStrootman2017) , pp. 194, 207, 216. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrootman2017188_(see_note_50)_4-0) Strootman 2017 (#CITEREFStrootman2017) , p. 188 (see note 50). Sources [ edit ] Canepa, Matthew (/wiki/Matthew_P._Canepa) (2018). The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity Through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE . Oakland: University of California Press (/wiki/University_of_California_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520379206 . Shahbazi, Shapur (1992). "Clothing ii. In the Median and Achaemenid periods" (https://iranicaonline.org/articles/clothing-ii) . In Yarshater, Ehsan (/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater) (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume V/7: Class system V–Clothing X . London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 723–737. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-939214-75-4 . Strootman, Rolf (2017). "Imperial Persianism: Seleukids, Arsakids and Fratarakā". In Strootman, Rolf; Versluys, Miguel John (eds.). Persianism in Antiquity . Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 177–201. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3515113823 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5675f64f45‐964cs Cached time: 20240717210723 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.189 seconds Real time usage: 0.236 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 595/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8528/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 671/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10119/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.122/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3913593/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 200.644 1 -total 56.00% 112.358 2 Template:Cite_book 17.76% 35.627 4 Template:Sfn 11.14% 22.359 1 Template:Italic 7.88% 15.803 1 Template:Encyclopaedia_Iranica 6.86% 13.771 1 Template:Reflist 4.32% 8.659 1 Template:Cite_encyclopedia 1.10% 2.205 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69427606-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717210723 and revision id 1058497126. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrbasia&oldid=1058497126 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyrbasia&oldid=1058497126) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Iranian clothing (/wiki/Category:Iranian_clothing) Greek words and phrases (/wiki/Category:Greek_words_and_phrases) Parthian Empire (/wiki/Category:Parthian_Empire) Kingdom of Cappadocia (/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Cappadocia) Achaemenid Empire (/wiki/Category:Achaemenid_Empire)
British luxury fashion house Anna Valentine Company type Fashion Design Founded 1986 Founder Antonia Robinson Anna Valentine Headquarters Marylebone (/wiki/Marylebone) London, W1 (/wiki/W_postcode_area) United Kingdom Website annavalentine (http://annavalentine.com) .com (http://annavalentine.com) Anna Valentine , previously known as Robinson Valentine , is a British luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) launched in 1986. It was founded by designer duo Antonia Robinson and Anna Valentine. [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) The pair began working under the name "Robinson Valentine." Robinson and Valentine met at a college in Hammersmith (/wiki/Hammersmith) while taking a pattern-cutting course. After completing the course, they approached the Enterprise Allowance Scheme (/wiki/Enterprise_Allowance_Scheme) which helped them open a small shop in Wandsworth (/wiki/Wandsworth) . After becoming successful, they opened a much larger shop in Kensington (/wiki/Kensington) . [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Notable clients [ edit ] Robinson Valentine designed clothes for celebrities (/wiki/Celebrities) , socialites and notably the British royal family (/wiki/British_royal_family) and the aristocracy (/wiki/Aristocracy) . The label's biggest client is Queen Camilla (/wiki/Queen_Camilla) . Robinson Valentine designed her wedding dress which she wore at her wedding to the Prince of Wales(Later King Charles III) in 2005. [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) Other clients have included Serena Armstrong-Jones, Viscountess Linley (/wiki/Serena_Armstrong-Jones,_Viscountess_Linley) , Patti Palmer Tomkinson (/wiki/Charles_Palmer-Tomkinson) , Lady Sarah Chatto (/wiki/Lady_Sarah_Chatto) , Laura Lopes (/wiki/Laura_Parker_Bowles) , Jemima Khan (/wiki/Jemima_Khan) , [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) Saffron Aldridge (/wiki/Saffron_Aldridge) and Sheherazade Goldsmith (/wiki/Sheherazade_Goldsmith) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In the media [ edit ] In 2005, Robinson Valentine received widespread and instant publicity when it was announced the label would be designing the wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) . They were interviewed by The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , Hello! (/wiki/Hello!_(magazine)) magazine and numerous media outlets. Robinson Valentine was praised by fashion critics for the Duchess's choice of dress and design. [4] (#cite_note-4) The Duchess continues to wear outfits by the label to high-profile events which is often highlighted in the media. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Robinson's departure [ edit ] Antonia Robinson, who now uses her married name, Antonia Shields, departed from the label and moved to Cornwall (/wiki/Cornwall) where she set up antoniaspearls.co.uk. Valentine then became the sole name on the label. [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e "Anna Valentine" (http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/anna-valentine/) . Hello . 8 October 2009 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About Anna Valentine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200220022922/http://www.annavalentine.com/av-story) . Official Website. Archived from the original (http://www.annavalentine.com/av-story) on 20 February 2020 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Clare Coulson (26 October 2005). "The label that transformed a Duchess" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141107215334/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG3346338/The-label-that-transformed-a-Duchess.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG3346338/The-label-that-transformed-a-Duchess.html) on 7 November 2014 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Fashionistas praise Camilla style" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/4429447.stm) . BBC. 10 April 2005 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "A grand gathering of gowns Designer dresses, and the power women in them, had a ball at the Academy gala" (http://articles.philly.com/2007-01-30/news/25220224_1_reem-acra-gowns-monique-lhuillier) . Philadelphia Daily News . 30 January 2007 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The sainted Valentine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141107215004/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG3360575/The-sainted-Valentine.html) . The Daily Telegraph . 8 July 2007. Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG3360575/The-sainted-Valentine.html) on 7 November 2014 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Royal wedding: Queen wears primrose as Duchess of Cornwall selects champagne silk dress" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8483007/Royal-wedding-Queen-wears-primrose-as-Duchess-of-Cornwall-selects-champagne-silk-dress.html) . The Daily Telegraph . 29 April 2011 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Camilla's Royal Wedding Dress: Anna Valentine" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/27/camilla-royal-wedding-anna-valentine_n_854669.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall attend Battle of Britain service" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141107214641/http://www.london24.com/news/prince_of_wales_and_duchess_of_cornwall_attend_battle_of_britain_service_1_1518320) . london24.com. Archived from the original (http://www.london24.com/news/prince_of_wales_and_duchess_of_cornwall_attend_battle_of_britain_service_1_1518320) on 7 November 2014 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Diary: Duchess gets a dressing down" (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10847160) . The New Zealand Herald . 14 November 2012 . Retrieved 7 November 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://annavalentine.com/) The Complete Woman: Anna Valentine (https://web.archive.org/web/20141107215331/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10863138/The-Complete-Woman-Anna-Valentine.html) at The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐6wr2l Cached time: 20240715041815 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.430 seconds Real time usage: 0.649 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1753/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23337/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1475/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39344/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.277/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5314815/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 620.557 1 -total 35.96% 223.177 1 Template:Reflist 33.28% 206.538 1 Template:Infobox_company 31.04% 192.640 1 Template:Infobox 24.51% 152.115 1 Template:Short_description 24.19% 150.138 3 Template:Cite_web 13.76% 85.417 8 Template:Main_other 13.05% 80.991 1 Template:SDcat 8.24% 51.141 2 Template:Pagetype 7.15% 44.389 7 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44330863-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715041815 and revision id 1218591764. 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Umbrella term for skin-care products that derive from South Korea K-Beauty Expo Korea K-beauty ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 케이뷰티 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : Keibyuti ) is an umbrella term for skincare (/wiki/Skincare) products that are derived from South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) . [1] (#cite_note-wsj-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The fad gained popularity worldwide, especially in East Asia (/wiki/East_Asia) , [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Southeast Asia (/wiki/Southeast_Asia) , [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) South Asia (/wiki/South_Asia) , [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) and the Western world (/wiki/Western_world) , [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) and focuses on health (/wiki/Health) , hydration (/wiki/Tissue_hydration) , and an emphasis on brightening effects. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) K-Beauty brand, Tonymoly Although the focus for these beauty products are on skin aesthetics such as health, hydration, and luminous textured skin, glowing "glass skin" is favored by South Koreans. Rather than having layers of foundation, it is preferred to have a lengthy skincare regimen with a focus on toning and clarifying. Various natural ingredients are utilized in the creation of these products in addition to the numerous steps involved in a skincare routine. The skincare and cosmetics industry continues to lead the way in terms of economic gain, as displayed by the growth and expansion of Korean skincare domestically and internationally. [21] (#cite_note-:5-21) The history of Korean skincare has influenced the standards for the ideal beauty and skincare routine which have become engrained into Korean norms over time. [22] (#cite_note-:2-22) The result of which has led to several controversies and movements against harmful and rigid beauty standards set upon the Korean people. [22] (#cite_note-:2-22) The Asia-Pacific (/wiki/Asia-Pacific) holds the largest market share in the K-beauty industry as of December 2020, with Asian countries/regions being some of the largest consumers of K-beauty products. [23] (#cite_note-23) There is also a growing market for K-beauty products in Western countries such as the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [24] (#cite_note-24) In recent years, Korean skincare and cosmetic products have become a worldwide phenomenon, revolutionizing the global beauty industry with innovative products and aesthetic trends. Korean beauty first emerged in the West in 2011 with the launch of the BB cream, marketed as a multi-tasking skincare product that serves as a foundation, moisturizer and sunscreen. [25] (#cite_note-25) Korean skin care products are available and can be found in department stores, pharmacies, and specialty beauty retailers. United States-based retailers have reported business growth since introducing Korean beauty products. Beauty products consumers are paying more attention to the ingredients of the skin care products before investing and purchasing the items. Products that say natural and organic have more appeal to consumers. Recently, natural ingredients beauty products have clinical research studies began evaluating their therapeutic potential and biological cutaneous effects. [26] (#cite_note-26) Ingredients and routine [ edit ] Korean beauty standards (/wiki/Korean_beauty_standards) in the 21st century prize a youthful look and the appearance of moisture on the skin, which results in a preference for cremes over powders. K-beauty products are also more often designed for export, as a result of South Korea's history of import substitution industrialization (/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization) . [27] (#cite_note-27) K-Beauty products are presented using sophisticated ingredients and appealing packaging. Products use ingredients ranging from more natural sources such as green tea leaves, orchid, soybean [28] (#cite_note-28) to snail slime (/wiki/Snail_slime) , morphing (/wiki/Morphing) masks, bee venom (/wiki/Bee_venom) (an anti-inflammatory (/wiki/Anti-inflammatory) "faux-tox" alleged to relax facial muscles), moisturizing (/wiki/Moisturizing) starfish (/wiki/Starfish) extract, and pig collagen. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) The regimen involves a series of steps including cleansing (/wiki/Cleanser) rituals (with oil and water based products), sheet masks, essences, serums (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serum) , moisturizers (/wiki/Moisturizers) , cushion compacts, fermented products, and SPF 35 sunscreen. At night, the sunscreen is replaced by a "night cream". [1] (#cite_note-wsj-1) [32] (#cite_note-32) Each regimen is addressed differently depending on complexion factors including hormonal (/wiki/Hormonal) fluctuations and lifestyle choices. [33] (#cite_note-33) The ultra-elaborated K-Beauty skincare regimen consisted of an average of 10 steps. It normally starts with a dual cleaning ritual, series of sheet masks, essences lotions, serums, and rich moisturizers, and then ends with an SPF sunscreen, except at night when the sunscreen is swapped for a thick sleep cream. [1] (#cite_note-wsj-1) The facial skincare products are successful, due to the abundant development of new skin products and that two-thirds (68%) of all launches of skincare products were products from South Korea. [34] (#cite_note-:4-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) Although men are increasingly participating in the market, the focus is still on women. YouTubers (/wiki/YouTubers) offer tutorials on how to apply cosmetics and skincare products. [22] (#cite_note-:2-22) Industry [ edit ] South Korea is the leader of the global beauty industry, it continues to advance; analysts expect K-Beauty to generate immense growth and expansion of Korean skincare brands to bring in high revenue. [21] (#cite_note-:5-21) This continues to be the projection for the upcoming years. [21] (#cite_note-:5-21) South Korea is also known for being the center for many skin care brand's research and development as well as a manufacturing and production hub. [36] (#cite_note-36) The majority of Koreans are found to be well-educated and informed about skin care and health, so many of the products developed by Korea are thoroughly regulated. [37] (#cite_note-37) An additional factor for its success includes the influence of popular culture, such as the Hallyu Wave (/wiki/Korean_wave) , where celebrities promote makeup brands and help to promote them domestically and internationally. [38] (#cite_note-38) K-Beauty is associated with the Korean Wave (/wiki/Korean_Wave) ; for example, the South Korean cosmetics company Amorepacific (/wiki/Amorepacific_Corporation) sponsored My Love from the Star (/wiki/My_Love_from_the_Star) , a 2014 K-drama (/wiki/K-drama) whose constant marketing of Amorepacific products resulted in an increase in skincare and lipstick sales of up to 75 and 400 percent. The combination of increased international tourism in South Korea (/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Korea) combined with K-Beauty products' presence in duty-free shops (/wiki/Duty-free_shop) has also worked to increase sales of cosmetics in Korea (/wiki/Cosmetics_in_Korea) . [39] (#cite_note-39) History [ edit ] Main article: Cosmetics in Korea (/wiki/Cosmetics_in_Korea) In the past, Koreans were known to create and utilize several skincare and makeup products. Additionally, the superficial appearance was thought to be linked to one's inner health and care. [40] (#cite_note-:0-40) Many were made from natural ingredients around them such as oils, plants, or natural powders. These natural cosmetics at the time added fragrance to the product which was often thought to reduce stress and fatigue, as stated in the Gyuhap Chongseo (/wiki/Gyuhap_chongseo) or Women's Encyclopedia. [40] (#cite_note-:0-40) The origins of Korean beauty developed during the time of the Three Kingdoms (/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea) where beauty culture became more prevalent. [41] (#cite_note-:1-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) A special emphasis was placed upon the Goryeo (/wiki/Goryeo) era as it was known to be the pinnacle for Korean beauty standards. [41] (#cite_note-:1-41) In the Joseon Dynasty, the idea of beauty stems from fair-looking skin and cherry lips to accentuates the elegancy of their status. [43] (#cite_note-43) Beauty standards and controversies [ edit ] Throughout each of the Three Kingdom eras, women and elites were often informed of what beauty products were acceptable via the Gyuhap Chongseo (/wiki/Gyuhap_chongseo) . [40] (#cite_note-:0-40) The Three Kingdoms included from oldest to recent: Silla (/wiki/Silla) , Goguryeo (/wiki/Goguryeo) , and Baekje (/wiki/Baekje) (BC 37~668). [41] (#cite_note-:1-41) Much of the information and knowledge of skincare and beauty from the Silla era was carried onto the Goguryeo era where further advancements were implemented. [41] (#cite_note-:1-41) The Gyuhap Chongseo detailed the proper ways to do one's makeup. [40] (#cite_note-:0-40) The Goguryeo era was thought to be excessive by Joseon standards. During the Joseon (/wiki/Joseon) dynasty, Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) dictated what was acceptable in terms of beauty with a focus on the inner self. [44] (#cite_note-44) Korean beauty often flowed from the lower-class to the elites as many elites mirrored the female entertainers, known as gisaeng (/wiki/Kisaeng) . [40] (#cite_note-:0-40) Beauty accessories and containers were then invented and sold. Trade and imports from other countries, like Russia (/wiki/Russia) and China (/wiki/China) , then became more frequent. [41] (#cite_note-:1-41) This is evidence of South Koreans' strong interest in physical attractiveness. [45] (#cite_note-Eunsoo-45) South Korea has the world's highest rate of cosmetic surgery per capita. [46] (#cite_note-46) It has become the destination for nip and tuck tourism. [22] (#cite_note-:2-22) The tough standards in South Korea have created the "Escape the Corset" movement to cast off the country's rigid beauty standards. This movement was created by a group of women that wanted to put a stop and challenging tone of the most beauty-obsessed capitals in the world, their long-accepted attitude towards plastic surgery and cosmetic. This movement was inspired by the #MeToo Movement. [22] (#cite_note-:2-22) The Korean wave has led to unrealistic beauty standards (/wiki/Korean_beauty_standards) among young people in South Korea. More advertisements on cosmetics and facial beauty products are found in South Korean fashion magazines than those in the United States. [34] (#cite_note-:4-34) The value that South Koreans have placed on physical attractiveness can influence a young person's self-esteem and interpersonal and romantic relationships, for those who are not so up to the standards. [40] (#cite_note-:0-40) Social aesthetic preferences for women wearing makeup and having a small 'heart-shaped' face is strong. In South Korea, pressure for conformity against people that leave the mainstream path is relatively intense as compared to other advanced, democratized countries. [22] (#cite_note-:2-22) Plastic surgery is huge in South Korea. It is also considered one of plastic surgery capitals of the world. Since so many young people in South Korea feel the pressure to look a certain way, many turn to surgery. In 2014 it was recorded that 980,000 procedures were done in that year. Along with the popularity of kbeauty many foreigners are beginning to fly to South Korea for surgery. [47] (#cite_note-47) It's not a surprise that Korea is now the leading country and the most popular country known for their cosmetic surgery as well as having the ideal body figure because of their celebrities. Estimate on rates of cosmetic surgery reveals South Korea as having the highest national per capita involvement, if one takes into account both non-invasive and invasive procedures, as defined by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. A palpably intensifying commodification of the body in Korea's media-saturated, consumer capitalist culture is giving rise to newer concepts of corporeal self-discipline and reconfiguring not only of how beauty, masculinity, and femininity is represented, but how the modern national self is understood. [48] (#cite_note-:3-48) Because of the hallyu Korean wave, the nation has seen Korean celebrities as models of physical attractiveness. Also, because of Korea's growing cosmetic surgery industry has highlighted the attention its citizens put on achieving defined standards of beauty. In the last decade, exposing nude torso has become requisite for male talents. [48] (#cite_note-:3-48) The fast emergence of good physical physique derives from new strategies among Korea's media industries in shaping consumer desires by foregrounding male sexuality. [48] (#cite_note-:3-48) For the women, not only is their body important but also their faces and skins. Clean beauty [ edit ] This section may contain material not related to the topic of the article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic) . Please help improve this section (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K-beauty&action=edit) or discuss this issue on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:K-beauty) . ( October 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The global natural skincare product market in 2022 was estimated at US$17.78 billion billion, and is expected to reach US$19.73 billion in 2023. [49] (#cite_note-49) Natural skincare is often associated with clean beauty, which refers to cosmetic products that favor natural ingredients yet often incorporate synthetics that have been deemed safe for people and the planet. Although they go hand in hand, to be specific, natural can be clean, but clean is not always natural. [50] (#cite_note-50) Clean beauty at large encompasses conscious, cruelty-free, vegan, and sustainable packaging, and it is significantly connected to wellness. [51] (#cite_note-51) See also [ edit ] Amorepacific (/wiki/Amorepacific_Corporation) Light skin in Japanese culture (/wiki/Light_skin_in_Japanese_culture) C-beauty (/wiki/C-beauty) Cosmetics in Korea (/wiki/Cosmetics_in_Korea) LG Beauty (/wiki/LG_Corporation) T-Beauty (/wiki/T-Beauty) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "K-Beauty: The Exhausting Skin-Care Regimen That May Be Worth the Effort" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/k-beauty-the-exhausting-skin-care-regimen-that-may-be-worth-the-effort-1459970031) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "This Year-Old Startup Is Now Southeast Asia's Largest Online Korean Beauty Market" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/cmalasig/2016/08/01/this-year-old-startup-is-now-southeast-asias-largest-online-korean-beauty-market/#a3a8e944c238) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "K-beauty attracts investment from international big shots" (http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160722000667) . The Korea Herald (/wiki/The_Korea_Herald) . July 22, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Korean Beauty Products" (https://www.korean.com.ph/) . Korean . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Hallyu and The Rise of Korean Cosmetics in China" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170502072859/http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shanghai/article/hallyu-and-rise-of-korean-cosmetics-china) . www.cityweekend.com.cn . Archived from the original (http://www.cityweekend.com.cn/shanghai/article/hallyu-and-rise-of-korean-cosmetics-china) on May 2, 2017 . Retrieved January 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) New, Ultra Super (July 13, 2012). "The Korean beauty secrets are out - Japan Pulse" (http://blog.japantimes.co.jp/japan-pulse/the-korean-beauty-secrets-are-out/) . blog.japantimes.co.jp . ^ (#cite_ref-7) migration (June 13, 2015). "The rise of K-beauty in Singapore and globally" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/the-rise-of-k-beauty-in-singapore-and-globally) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) ppp_webadmin (June 27, 2013). "K-pop a boon for cosmetics shops" (http://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/k-pop-boon-cosmetics-shops) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "5 Skincare brands found in Malaysia that are worth trying" (http://www.mariefranceasia.com/my/beauty-my/beauty-buys-my/skincare-my/skincare-brands-malaysia-209143.html#item=1) . September 7, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "A Korean Wave: The Rise Of K-Beauty In Sri Lanka" (https://www.magzter.com/article/Lifestyle/Cosmopolitan-Sri-Lanka/A-Korean-Wave-The-Rise-Of-K-Beauty-In-Sri-Lanka) . Cosmopolitan Sri Lanka (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "How South Korean Beauty Brands Are Winning Consumers in India" (https://www.translatemedia.com/translation-blog/south-korean-beauty-brands-winning-consumers-india/) . TranslateMedia. August 17, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "K-Pop in K-Town" (https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/k-pop-in-k-town/) . Nepali Times (/wiki/Nepali_Times) . December 14, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Korean skincare routine explained" (http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/beauty-hair/beauty-trends/a42942/korean-skincare-routine-explained/) . Cosmopolitan . November 26, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Here's why K-Beauty is killing it" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160815033721/http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/beauty/553171/here-s-why-k-beauty-is-killing-it.html) . Marie Claire . June 9, 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/beauty/553171/here-s-why-k-beauty-is-killing-it.html) on August 15, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Korean beauty products and masks are taking over the industry" (https://www.yahoo.com/beauty/why-k-beauty-is-the-holy-grail-of-skincare-115154329948.html) . Yahoo Beauty . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Western brands want in on K-beauty action" (http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160216000310) . February 16, 2016 . Retrieved December 8, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "K-Beauty: What?" (http://www.elleuk.com/beauty/skin/beauty-tips/a25415/k-beauty-what-is-it-korean-beauty-10-step-beauty-cleansing-skincare/) . Elle UK . September 23, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "The draw of fast K-beauty" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/the-draw-of-fast-k-beauty) . Straits Times . August 11, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "K-Beauty Expo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160822081441/https://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/mice/exhibitions/15513-k-beauty-expo-8th-k-beauty-expo-take-place-oct-13-16) . Business Korea . Archived from the original (https://www.businesskorea.co.kr/english/mice/exhibitions/15513-k-beauty-expo-8th-k-beauty-expo-take-place-oct-13-16) on August 22, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "10-step K-beauty routine is the latest fad to hit desi shores - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/10-step-K-beauty-routine-is-the-latest-fad-to-hit-desi-shores/articleshow/55641691.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved December 8, 2016 . ^ a b c NPD (January 29, 2019). "U.S. Prestige Beauty Industry Sales Grow 6 Percent in 2018, Reports The NPD Group" (https://www.npd.com/wps/portal/npd/us/news/press-releases/2019/u-s--prestige-beauty-industry-sales-grow-6-percent-in-2018--reports-the-npd-group/) . NPD . Retrieved October 16, 2020 . ^ a b c d e f Stevenson, Alexandra (November 24, 2018). "A South Korean Movement To Change Minds on Beauty" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/business/south-korea-makeup-plastic-surgery-free-the-corset.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Global K-Beauty Products Market |Size, Trends, Forecast | 2020 - 2025" (http://www.marketdataforecast.com/) . Market Data Forecast . Retrieved March 4, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Whitehouse, Lucy (June 7, 2018). "UK consumers ditch contouring in favour of 'glass skin' (https://www.cosmeticsdesign-europe.com/Article/2018/06/07/UK-consumers-ditch-contouring-in-favour-of-glass-skin) " (https://www.cosmeticsdesign-europe.com/Article/2018/06/07/UK-consumers-ditch-contouring-in-favour-of-glass-skin) . Cosmetics Design Europe . Retrieved December 20, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Hwang, Eunkyoung; Kim, Junghyo; Nam, Mijoo; JIN, CHUNLAN (June 30, 2021). "An Analysis on Sex Education Contents in the Area of 'Human Development and Family' of the 2015 Practical Arts Education Textbooks for Elementary Education Level based on Korean National Standards of Sex Education" (https://dx.doi.org/10.24062/kpae.2021.34.2.1) . The Korean Association of Practical Arts Education . 34 (2): 1–20. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.24062/kpae.2021.34.2.1 (https://doi.org/10.24062%2Fkpae.2021.34.2.1) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Hwang, Eunkyoung; Kim, Junghyo; Nam, Mijoo; JIN, CHUNLAN (June 30, 2021). "An Analysis on Sex Education Contents in the Area of 'Human Development and Family' of the 2015 Practical Arts Education Textbooks for Elementary Education Level based on Korean National Standards of Sex Education" (https://dx.doi.org/10.24062/kpae.2021.34.2.1) . The Korean Association of Practical Arts Education . 34 (2): 1–20. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.24062/kpae.2021.34.2.1 (https://doi.org/10.24062%2Fkpae.2021.34.2.1) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Hu, Elisa (January 30, 2019). "Pretty Hurts" (https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=689687288) . NPR. ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Natural Ingredients" (https://us.innisfree.com/pages/about-innisfree-ingredient) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Hair Essences- What To Know About This Korean Beauty Innovation" (http://www.realstylenetwork.com/beauty/2016/04/hair-essences-what-to-know-about-this-korean-beauty-innovation/) . Real Style Network . April 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "K-beauty grows!" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/08/625_200423.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . March 15, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Schuman, Rebecca (January 7, 2016). "Radical Self-Care" (http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2016/01/the_10_step_korean_skin_care_routine_is_a_radical_act_of_feminist_self_care.html) . Slate . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "So-Ko your skin: why South Korean skincare is serious stuff (despite its cutesy packaging)" (https://www.standard.co.uk/beauty/skincare/soko-your-skin-why-south-korean-skincare-is-serious-stuff-despite-its-cutesy-packaging-a3314681.html) . Evening Standard . August 8, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Watch out K-beauty, we're going global: East-meets-west approach is secret to Shiseido success, says CEO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170830151440/https://globalcosmeticsnews.com/asia-australasia/3127/watch-out-k-beauty-we-re-going-global-east-meets-west-approach-is-secret-to-shiseido-success-says-shiseido-ceo) . Global Cosmetics News . Archived from the original (https://globalcosmeticsnews.com/asia-australasia/3127/watch-out-k-beauty-we-re-going-global-east-meets-west-approach-is-secret-to-shiseido-success-says-shiseido-ceo) on August 30, 2017. ^ a b Team, Mintel Press. "A bright future: South Korea ranks among the top 10 beauty markets globally" (https://www.mintel.com/press-centre/beauty-and-personal-care/a-bright-future-south-korea-ranks-among-the-top-10-beauty-markets-globally) . Mintel . Retrieved May 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Team, Mintel Press. "A bright future: South Korea ranks among the top 10 beauty markets globally" (https://www.mintel.com/press-centre/beauty-and-personal-care/a-bright-future-south-korea-ranks-among-the-top-10-beauty-markets-globally) . Mintel . Retrieved November 5, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "export.gov" (https://www.export.gov/apex/article2?id=Korea-Cosmetics) . www.export.gov . Retrieved October 16, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Cho, Soyun; Oh, Sohee; Kim, Nack In; Ro, Young Suck; Kim, Joung Soo; Park, Young Min; Park, Chun Wook; Lee, Weon Ju; Kim, Dong Kun; Lee, Dong Won; Lee, Sang Jun (April 2017). "Knowledge and Behavior Regarding Cosmetics in Koreans Visiting Dermatology Clinics" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5383743) . Annals of Dermatology . 29 (2): 180–186. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5021/ad.2017.29.2.180 (https://doi.org/10.5021%2Fad.2017.29.2.180) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1013-9087 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1013-9087) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 5383743 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5383743) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 28392645 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28392645) . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Marian Liu (April 12, 2018). "Why Korea is at the forefront of skincare" (https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/11/health/korean-makeup-beauty-health-benefits/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved October 16, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Hoontrakul, Pongsak. "Asia's Vanity Capital." Economic Transformation and Business Opportunities in Asia . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018. 61-92. ^ a b c d e f "Tracing history of cosmetics" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2020/11/141_129776.html) . The Korea Times (/wiki/The_Korea_Times) . January 31, 2013 . Retrieved November 5, 2020 . ^ a b c d e "Special - Hanyang University" (http://www.newshyu.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=980432) . www.newshyu.com . Retrieved March 18, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Kay (May 29, 2017). "A Brief History on Korean Beauty - The Awkward Traveller" (https://theawkwardtraveller.com/a-brief-history-on-korean-beauty/) . Retrieved June 24, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "A Step Back In Time: The History Of Korean Cosmetics" (https://sonagi.co.uk/blogs/blog/the-history-of-korean-cosmetics) . sonagi.co.uk . Retrieved October 19, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Cosmetics in Korea" (https://sonagi.co.uk/blogs/blog/cosmetics-in-korea) . www.sonagi.co.uk . Retrieved October 13, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Eunsoo_45-0) Baek, Eunsoo; Choo, Ho Jung (July 30, 2018). "Everybody loves beauty? The moderated effect of body attractiveness among young Koreans" (https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40691-018-0130-8) . Fashion and Textiles . 5 (1): 16. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1186/s40691-018-0130-8 (https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40691-018-0130-8) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 10397/78099 (https://hdl.handle.net/10397%2F78099) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2198-0802 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2198-0802) . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "The complex culture and history behind 'K-beauty' (https://asia.nikkei.com/NAR/Articles/The-complex-culture-and-history-behind-K-beauty) " (https://asia.nikkei.com/NAR/Articles/The-complex-culture-and-history-behind-K-beauty) . Nikkei Asia (/wiki/Nikkei_Asia) . Retrieved June 24, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Why South Korea is the plastic surgery capital of the world" (https://www.businessinsider.com/south-korea-is-the-plastic-surgery-capital-of-the-world-2015-9) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . ^ a b c Li, Min, Lee (2019). "The Transformation of Korean National Identity through Cosmetic Surgery Tourism" (https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IMR-01-2019-0053/full/html) . International Marketing Review . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-49) "K-Beauty: Facts and Figures" (https://sonagi.co.uk/blogs/blog/k-beauty-facts-and-figures) . July 5, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-50) Dina ElBoghdady (March 11, 2020) [2020-03-10]. " (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/clean-beauty-has-taken-over-the-cosmetics-industry-but-thats-about-all-anyone-agrees-on/2020/03/09/2ecfe10e-59b3-11ea-ab68-101ecfec2532_story.html) 'Clean' beauty has taken over the cosmetics industry, but that's about all anyone agrees on" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/clean-beauty-has-taken-over-the-cosmetics-industry-but-thats-about-all-anyone-agrees-on/2020/03/09/2ecfe10e-59b3-11ea-ab68-101ecfec2532_story.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Washington, D.C. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0190-8286 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1330888409 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1330888409) . [ please check these dates ] ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Ulta is Gearing up for the New Face of Beauty" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2022/09/06/ulta-is-gearing-up-for-the-new-face-of-beauty/?sh=5e0be1746d6a) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . 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Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K-beauty&oldid=1235104551 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K-beauty&oldid=1235104551) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Beauty (/wiki/Category:Beauty) Cosmetic industry (/wiki/Category:Cosmetic_industry) Skin care (/wiki/Category:Skin_care) South Korean fashion (/wiki/Category:South_Korean_fashion) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) WaPoCheckDates (/wiki/Category:WaPoCheckDates) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from October 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2023) Articles containing Korean-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text) Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from October 2023 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections_from_October_2023) All articles that may have off-topic sections (/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections)
American electronic commerce Teeology Industry Electronic commerce (/wiki/Electronic_commerce) Founder Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) Erica Zohar (/w/index.php?title=Erica_Zohar&action=edit&redlink=1) Headquarters Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , U.S. Key people Jennifer Lopez (chief curator) Erica Zohar (curator) Peter Kim (curator) Products T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) Teeology, Inc. is a Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) -based electronic commerce (/wiki/Electronic_commerce) co-founded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) and fashion designer Erica Zohar (/w/index.php?title=Erica_Zohar&action=edit&redlink=1) . Launched on July 12, 2012, the company offers high-end (/wiki/Luxury_good) limited edition T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) designed by various artists and designers, as well as a permanent collection of basics for men and women. It makes use of new technology and social network tools to "disrupt the traditional retail model". Foundation and launch [ edit ] Teeology was co-founded by American recording artist and actress Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) and fashion designer Erica Zohar (/w/index.php?title=Erica_Zohar&action=edit&redlink=1) . They teamed up with Brian Lee (/wiki/Brian_Lee_(entrepreneur)) and MJ Eng (/w/index.php?title=MJ_Eng&action=edit&redlink=1) to design the company's "innovative" shopping portal, which uses new technology and social networking tools to "disrupt the traditional retail model". [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Of Teeology, Lopez stated that it is a "different type of online experience", where "you get to be involved in which designs get made. And it gives us a beeline to what people really like". [4] (#cite_note-vogue.co.uk-4) Lee had previously helped launch the legal document site LegalZoom (/wiki/LegalZoom) with lawyer Robert Shapiro (/wiki/Robert_Shapiro_(lawyer)) and the subscription-based women's shoe site ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) with reality television star Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) . [5] (#cite_note-techcrunch-5) Lopez, who models for the company, also acts as its chief curator. [4] (#cite_note-vogue.co.uk-4) The website was officially launched on Thursday, July 12, 2012. [6] (#cite_note-6) Eng explained the creation of the company by stating: "The idea started when we realised more and more customers have become increasingly spoiled with private sale discounts online. We know the markups. So rather than building a brand around cost structures, price points and overhanging inventory that you have to liquidate, why not have a lean model and offer good prices right off the bat?" [4] (#cite_note-vogue.co.uk-4) Products [ edit ] Limited edition designs [ edit ] Teeology offers high-end (/wiki/Luxury_good) limited edition T-shirts designed by "various artists and designers". [7] (#cite_note-7) Designers can submit their own T-shirts designs, which are then considered by the company's curators. From the designs they are sent, the curators create a shortlist of designs to be included in a poll. Some of these designs were created by willylopezart.com [8] (#cite_note-graziadaily-8) Members of the website can then vote for T-shirt designs and the winning designs will go into immediate production. [9] (#cite_note-9) Basics [ edit ] Teeology also offers a permanent collection of "basics" for men and women. [10] (#cite_note-10) Reception [ edit ] Julia Fernandez of Grazia Daily stated that Teeology "certainly adds a more exciting element to online shopping". [8] (#cite_note-graziadaily-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Jennifer Lopez launches T-shirt website" (http://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/article.aspx?id=25169&h=Jennifer-Lopez-launches-T-shirt-website) . People Magazine. 2012-07-12 . Retrieved 2012-08-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Palomares, Sugey (2012-07-13). "Jennifer Lopez Launches Luxury T-Shirt Line, Teeology" (http://www.latina.com/entertainment/buzz/jlo-launches-luxury-t-shirt-line-would-you-rock-her-tees) . Latina . Retrieved 2012-08-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Laura Tortora (2012-04-27). "Jennifer Lopez launches an e-commerce site" (http://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-starscelebsmodels/star-news/2012/07/jennifer-lopez-launches-an-e-commerce-site-og-tshirt-teeology) . Vogue.it . Retrieved 2012-08-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sarah Karmali (2012-08-10). "Jennifer Lopez For Teeology.com - J Lo Is Chief Curator Of T-Shirt Website (Vogue.com UK)" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/08/10/jennifer-lopez-for-teeologycom---j-lo-is-chief-curator-of-t-shirt-website) . Vogue.co.uk . Retrieved 2012-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-techcrunch_5-0) Thursday, July 12th, 2012 (2012-07-12). "With Teeology, Jennifer Lopez Is The Newest Celebrity In The E-Commerce Startup Space" (https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/12/teeology-brian-lee-jennifer-lopez) . TechCrunch . Retrieved 2012-08-08 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Medina, Marcy (2012-07-12). "Jennifer Lopez Backs Luxury T-shirt Shopping Site – Fashion Scoops – Fashion" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/jlo-tees-it-up-6072889) . WWD . WWD.com . Retrieved 2012-08-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "J.Lo to launch online T-shirt firm after 'American Idol' exit" (http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/07/18/75-J-Lo-to-launch-online-T-shirt-firm-after-American-Idol-exit.html) . Newstrackindia.com . Retrieved 2012-08-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b Julia Fernandez (2012-08-10). "Jennifer Lopez's T-shirt Website Teeology.com Launches And YOU Can Vote On Your Favourite Designs! | Grazia Fashion" (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/archive/2012/08/10/jennifer-lopez-s-interactive-t-shirt-website-teeology-launches-giving-customers-.htm) . Graziadaily.co.uk . Retrieved 2012-08-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Teeology Driven By Social Voting, Buzz" (http://www.socaltech.com/teeology_driven_by_social_voting_buzz/s-0044130.html) . socalTECH.com. 2012-07-30 . Retrieved 2012-08-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Jennifer Lopez Launching a T-Shirt Line" (http://www.theinsider.com/fashion/53859_Jennifer_Lopez_Launching_a_T_Shirt_Line/index.html) . TheInsider.com. 2012-07-13 . 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Long gown Enthroned person wearing a Qaba dress with tiraz (/wiki/Tiraz) armbands, Kashan, late 12th-early 13th century CE. [1] (#cite_note-1) The Governor of Merv (/wiki/Merv) , wearing the Qaba al-turkiyya and the sharbūsh (/wiki/Sharb%C5%ABsh) hat, in Maqamat al-Hariri (/wiki/Maqamat_al-Hariri) (1200-1210). [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-MET2-3) A qaba ( Persian (/wiki/Persian_language) : قبا‎ , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian) : qabā , from Middle Persian kabāh⁠ ) is a long coat with sleeves and buttons, similar to a cassock (/wiki/Cassock) , open at the front. A qaba is similar to a wadded coat. It is considered of Turkic origin (/wiki/Turkish_folk_dress) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The Mughal emperors (/wiki/Mughal_emperors) wore ankle-length garments. The outfits during the reign of Babur (/wiki/Babur) and Humayun (/wiki/Humayun) are more or less the same, i.e. qaba, jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) , pirahan (/wiki/Perahan_o_tunban) , jilucha, jiba and kasaba. Unlike the jama, which was a four-pointed long-coat the Qaba and takauchia were of a broad girth at the bottom. There are mentions of the qaba in the Baburnama (/wiki/Baburnama) . At present, qaba is one of the essential parts of the dress (/wiki/Clerical_clothing) of the clerics or mosque leaders (/wiki/Mullah) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-indiatimes-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) It was worn in Egypt, Turkey, the Levant, and Persia, among other places. [13] (#cite_note-13) When Henry II, Count of Champagne (/wiki/Henry_II,_Count_of_Champagne) , king of Jerusalem (/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem) , tried to build a friendly relationship with Saladin (/wiki/Saladin) , he requested the gift of a qabā and a sharbūsh (/wiki/Sharb%C5%ABsh) ', which he wore in Acre (/wiki/Acre,_Israel) . [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) In Arab contexts, two main variations were noted; the Turkish style ( al-aqbiya al-turkiyya ), and the Tatar (or Mongolian) style ( al-aqbiya al-tatariyya or qabā' tatarī ). The latter fastened on the wearer's right side, and was preferred by Mamluk amirs in its day over the former style, which was favored by the Seljuks (/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty) and Ayyubids (/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty) . [16] (#cite_note-:0-16) Also notable is a variation, typically with a v shaped neck, that closed center front. [17] (#cite_note-17) The garment typically had awaist seamm and some depictions indicate a gathered skirt. It was fastened with buttons or strings tied in bows, and most commonly worn with a belt over top. [16] (#cite_note-:0-16) See also [ edit ] Ammama (/wiki/Ammama) Chiltah (/wiki/Chiltah) Terlig (/wiki/Terlig) Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) Gallery [ edit ] Royal drinking scene in the Dukhang at Alchi Monastery (/wiki/Alchi_Monastery) , circa 1200 CE. The king wears a decorated Qabā'. [18] (#cite_note-18) Babur and his heir Humayun (/wiki/Humayun) Late 17th century portrait of Fírúz Jang Khán, ruler of Bijapur Late 19th century "Costume of India - Moguls" picture depicting Mogul woman (upper left), Mogul Emperor Farrukhsiyar (center) died 1719, and Emperor Humayun (upper right), died in 1556 Vizier Qamar ud-Din circa 1735 Portrait of "Mogul" father with his children in Delhi (Shepherd & Robertson) circa 1863 Maqamat of Al-Hariri (/wiki/Maqamat_of_Al-Hariri_(manuscript)) . Page from the manuscript of Nihayat al-Sawl; Egypt, Mamluk era, 15th cent.; Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo. Polo players painted onto glass with enamel and gold paint Egypt or Syria about 1300. Enameled and Gilded Bottle. Enameled and Gilded Bottle. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Flood, Finbarr Barry (2017). A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus . Austrian Academy of Science Press. p. 231. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Keresztély, Kata (14 December 2018). Fiction Painting : a Medieval Arabic Tradition . p. 351. ^ (#cite_ref-MET2_3-0) The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261 . Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1997. pp. 428–429. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-87099-777-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Flood, Finbarr Barry (2017). A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus . Austrian Academy of Science Press. p. 231. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Balslev, Sivan (2019-03-21). Iranian Masculinities: Gender and Sexuality in Late Qajar and Early Pahlavi Iran . Cambridge University Press. p. 208. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-108-47063-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Johnson, Francis (1852). A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English . Allen. p. 254. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Islamic Thought and Scientific Creativity: A Quarterly Journal of the COMSTECH . COMSTECH. 1992. p. 66. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lal, Kishori Saran, 1920- (1988). The Mughal harem . New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 81-85179-03-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 18431844 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18431844) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Agre, Jagat Vir Singh (1976). "Social Life as Reflected in the Rajput Painting During the Mughal Period" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139028) . Proceedings of the Indian History Congress . 37 : 569–575. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2249-1937 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2249-1937) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 44139028 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139028) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "India. The Mughal Empire. Costume and fashion history" (https://world4.eu/indian-mughal-empire-costumes/) . World4 . 2013-09-09 . Retrieved 2021-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-indiatimes_11-0) Namrata Zakaria (2019-11-26). "Who made my clothes?" (https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/namrata-zakaria/who-made-my-clothes/articleshow/72233444.cms) . mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com . Retrieved 2021-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "تاریخچه لباس روحانیت" (https://www.mehrnews.com/news/2781816/تاریخچه-لباس-روحانیت) . خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2015-07-20 . Retrieved 2021-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Stillman, Yedida K. (2003). Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Arab dress: a short history; from the dawn of Islam to modern times . Themes in Islamic studies (Revised 2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-11373-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Gabrieli, Francesco. Arab Historians of the Crusades . University of California Press. p. 242. When the King of England left for home, Henry sent a messenger to Saladin to conciliate him and win his goodwill. He asked him for the gift of a robe of honor, and said: "You know that to put on the qabā and the sharbūsh is not approved among us, but I would put them on if they came from you, because of the regard I have for you." Saladin sent him sumtuous robes of honour, among them a qaba and a sharbush, and he wore them in Acre. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Mayer, Leo Ary (1952). Mamluk Costume: A Survey . A. Kundig. pp. 27–28. Moreover, the wearing of the sharbish and qaba was considered so characeristic for a Saracenic amire that even a Crusader was prepared to don it in order to show some sort of friendship (if not allegiance) to Saladin. ^ a b Stillman, Yedida K. (2003). Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Arab dress: a short history; from the dawn of Islam to modern times . Themes in Islamic studies (Revised 2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 63. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-11373-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Stillman, Yedida K. (2003). Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Arab dress: a short history; from the dawn of Islam to modern times . Themes in Islamic studies (Revised 2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 353. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-11373-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Flood, Finbarr Barry (2017). A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus . Austrian Academy of Science Press. p. 243. v t e Clothing in South Asia History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Clothes Achkan (/wiki/Achkan) Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Angarkha (/wiki/Angarkha) Antriya (/wiki/Antriya) Argon (/wiki/Argon_(clothing)) Bakhu/Kho (/wiki/Kho_(costume)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) Choli (/wiki/Choli) Churidar (/wiki/Churidar) Daura-Suruwal (/wiki/Daura-Suruwal) Dhakai shari (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dumdyam (/wiki/Dumdyam) Dumpra (/wiki/Dumpra) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) Farshi Pajama (/wiki/Farshi_Pajama) Ghagra choli (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) Ghoonghat (/wiki/Ghoonghat) Gamucha (/wiki/Gamucha) Gamosa (/wiki/Gamosa) Gharara (/wiki/Gharara) Gho (/wiki/Gho) Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) Jamawar (/wiki/Jamawar) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Kabney (/wiki/Kabney) Kasta sari (/wiki/Kasta_sari) Kaupina(m) (/wiki/Kaupinam) Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Kota Doria (/wiki/Kota_Doria) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) Lehenga-style sari (/wiki/Lehenga-style_sari) Langa voni (/wiki/Langa_voni) Langota (/wiki/Langota) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Madisar (/wiki/Madisar) Mekhela chador (/wiki/Mekhela_chador) Mufti (/wiki/Mufti_(dress)) Mujib coat (/wiki/Mujib_coat) Mundu (/wiki/Mundu) Mundum neriyatum (/wiki/Mundum_neriyatum) Naga shawl (/wiki/Naga_shawl) Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) Onnara (/wiki/Onnara) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Patiala salwar (/wiki/Patiala_salwar) Pheran (/wiki/Pheran) Pinon hadi (/wiki/Pinon_hadi) Riha (/wiki/Riha_(garment)) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sambalpuri sari (/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Kerala sari (/wiki/Kerala_sari) Tant shari (/wiki/Tant_sari) Toego (/wiki/Toego) Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) Wonju (/wiki/Wonju_(Bhutan)) Headgear Bhaad-gaaule topi (/wiki/Bhaad-gaaule_topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Gandhi cap (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) Rumāl (/wiki/Rum%C4%81l) Rumi topi/Fez (/wiki/Rumi_topi) Sehra (/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Sindhi cap (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Stitching and design Embroidery of India (/wiki/Embroidery_of_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Chikankari (/wiki/Chikan_(embroidery)) Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka_fabric) Gota (/wiki/Gota_(embroidery)) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kantha (/wiki/Kantha) Kasuti (/wiki/Kasuti) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nakshi (/wiki/Nakshi_kantha) Phulkari (/wiki/Phulkari) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Shisha (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) Zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) Zari (/wiki/Zari) Footwear Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Kholapuri (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qaba&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐m85vc Cached time: 20240712184840 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.486 seconds Real time usage: 0.613 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1095/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46658/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 386/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 93428/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.326/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14995573/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 544.001 1 -total 37.38% 203.334 1 Template:Reflist 28.78% 156.589 14 Template:Cite_book 20.35% 110.711 1 Template:Lang-fa 15.50% 84.302 1 Template:Clothing_in_South_Asia 15.12% 82.275 1 Template:Navbox 14.51% 78.937 1 Template:Short_description 8.16% 44.365 2 Template:Pagetype 3.78% 20.569 3 Template:Main_other 3.28% 17.865 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66537720-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712184840 and revision id 1230609305. 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Traditional Chinese robe with the embroidery of a flying-fish Feiyufu Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 飛魚服 Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 飞鱼服 Literal meaning Flying fish clothing Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) fēiyúfú Feiyufu ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 飞鱼服 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 飛魚服 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : fēiyúfú ; lit. 'flying fish clothing'), also called feiyu mangyi ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 飞鱼蟒衣 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Fēiyú mǎngyī ; lit. 'flying-fish python robe'), [1] (#cite_note-1) is a type of traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) which first appeared in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) . [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) It is also specific name which generally refers to a robe (generally tieli (/wiki/Terlig) ) decorated with the patterns of flying fish (although the flying fish is not the flying fish (/wiki/Flying_fish) defined in the dictionary). The feiyufu worn by the Ming dynasty imperial guards reappeared in the 21st century following the hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) and is worn by Hanfu enthusiasts of both genders. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Feiyu embroidery design [ edit ] The flying fish decoration looks very similar to the python ( mang ) pattern on the mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 蟒服 ; lit. 'python robe'), but was actually a dragon-like creature with wings and the fanned tail of a fish. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) The flying fish also had 4 claws like the mang , [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) a dragon head and a carp's body and two horns. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) The early flying fish ornament were characterized by the presence of double wings while in the middle and late Ming dynasty, the flying fish could only be distinguished from the python pattern by the presence of its fish tail instead of a dragon tail. Construction and design [ edit ] The feiyufu is typically in the form of tieli (/wiki/Terlig) (a robe with a y-shaped cross collar, with either broad or narrow sleeves and pleats below the waist) decorated with the feiyu pattern. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) History [ edit ] Jinyiwei (/wiki/Embroidered_Uniform_Guard) wearing feiyufu , Ming Dynasty. Ming dynasty [ edit ] The tieli ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 贴里 ) originated in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) in a form of Mongol robe known as terlig (/wiki/Terlig) . [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) Despite the repeated prohibition of Mongol-style clothing, especially during the reign of the Hongwu Emperor (/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor) , some Mongol clothing from the Yuan dynasty remained. [10] (#cite_note-:8-10) After being adopted in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the tieli became longer and its overall structure was made closer to the shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) system in order to integrate Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) rituals. The feiyufu appeared in the Ming dynasty and was unique to the Ming dynasty. [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) It is a form of tieli decorated with flying fish patterns. The feiyfu was also a type of cifu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 赐服 ; lit. 'presentation clothes'), a form of clothing which can only be bestowed by the Chinese emperors to those whom he favoured, [12] (#cite_note-12) [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) and were only second to the mangfu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 蟒服 ; lit. 'python robe'). List of people bestowed with feiyufu [ edit ] In the Ming dynasty, the feiyufu could be worn by a handful of civil officials, military officers, and chief eunuchs: [13] (#cite_note-13) Under the rule of the Yongle Emperor (/wiki/Yongle_Emperor) (r. 1402 –1424 AD), the eunuchs were allowed feiyufu when they would serve the emperor. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) In 1447 AD during the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor (/wiki/Emperor_Yingzong_of_Ming) , the Ministry of Works issued an edict which would put artisans to death and send artisan's families to frontier garrisons as soldiers should the artisan produce feiyufu among other prohibited clothing for commoners. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) The edict was issued to stop the transgressing of dress regulations. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) Emperor Zhengde (/wiki/Zhengde_Emperor) (r. 1505 – 1521 AD) bestowed a feiyufu to Song Suqing (/wiki/Song_Suqing) , a Japanese envoy, in an unprecedented act. [15] (#cite_note-15) Shen Defu (/wiki/Shen_Defu) (1578 –1642 AD) also noted the emperor would could bestow a red feiyufu to a guard which was promoted to court guard. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) He also wrote in "the beginnings of the bestowals of dragon robes to Grand Secretaries" that the feiyufu was bestowed to the six ministers, the grand marshals with the mission to inspect troops, and to the eunuchs who were servicing in the houses of princes. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) In popular culture [ edit ] The feiyufu and feiyufu-style guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) are depicted in Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) , especially period drama set in the Ming dynasty such as: [16] (#cite_note-16) Flying Swords of Dragon Gate (/wiki/Flying_Swords_of_Dragon_Gate) (2011) Under the Power (/wiki/Under_the_Power) (2019) The Sleuth of the Ming Dynasty (/wiki/The_Sleuth_of_the_Ming_Dynasty) (2020) Royal feast (2022) Similar clothing [ edit ] Douniufu (/w/index.php?title=Douniufu&action=edit&redlink=1) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Jisün (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) terlig (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Volpp, Sophie (2005). "The Gift of a Python Robe: The Circulation of Objects in "Jin Ping Mei" (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25066765) " (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25066765) . Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies . 65 (1): 133–158. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/25066765 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25066765) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0073-0548 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0073-0548) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 25066765 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/25066765) . ^ a b c Welch, Patricia Bjaaland (2012). Chinese art : a guide to motifs and visual imagery . Boston, US: Tuttle Publishing. p. 260. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4629-0689-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 893707208 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893707208) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Zhao, Feng (2015), Lu, Yongxiang (ed.), "Weaving Technology" (http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-44166-4_4) , A History of Chinese Science and Technology , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 379–493, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/978-3-662-44166-4_4 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-662-44166-4_4) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-662-44165-7 , retrieved 2021-07-10 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Important Costumes of Ming Dynasty - Flying Fish Suit" (https://www.fashionhanfu.com/2020/07/31/dynasty-flying-fish-suit/) . Fashion Hanfu . 2020-07-31 . Retrieved 2021-07-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Feiyu Robe - Cool Chinese Boy Clothes" (https://www.newhanfu.com/3957.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020 . Retrieved 2021-07-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ding, Ying; Li, Xiaolong (2014). "On the Decoration and Symbolization of Chinese Ancient Official Uniform in Ming and Qing Dynasties". Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering . Vol. 5. Atlantis Press. pp. 1025–1029. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/meic-14.2014.229 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Fmeic-14.2014.229) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6252-042-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Burkus, Anne Gail (2010). Through a forest of chancellors : fugitive histories in Liu Yuan's Lingyan ge, an illustrated book from seventeenth-century Suzhou . Yuan, active Liu. Cambridge, Mass. p. 87. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-68417-050-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 956711877 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/956711877) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b The right to dress : sumptuary laws in a global perspective, c. 1200-1800 . Giorgio Riello, Ulinka Rublack. Cambridge, United Kingdom. 2019. p. 421. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-108-47591-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1045652964 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1045652964) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ a b Cho, Woohyun; Yi, Jaeyoon; Kim, Jinyoung (2015). "The dress of the Mongol Empire: Genealogy and diaspora of theTerlig" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2015.68.3.2) . Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae . 68 (3): 22–29. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1556/062.2015.68.3.2 (https://doi.org/10.1556%2F062.2015.68.3.2) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0001-6446 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-6446) . ^ (#cite_ref-:8_10-0) Shea, Eiren L. (2020). Mongol court dress, identity formation, and global exchange . New York, NY. p. 147. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-34065-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1139920835 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139920835) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-:0_11-0) "What is the Ming Dynasty Hanfu Clothing? - 2021" (https://www.newhanfu.com/3588.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020 . Retrieved 2021-07-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "You Need a Flying Fish Robe to Become a Knight-errant - 2021" (https://www.newhanfu.com/1135.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2019 . Retrieved 2021-07-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Huang, Ray (1981). 1587, a year of no significance : the Ming dynasty in decline . New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 54. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-300-02518-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 6280586 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6280586) . ^ a b c d e Yuan, Zujie (2007). "Dressing for power: Rite, costume, and state authority in Ming Dynasty China" (https://brill.com/abstract/journals/fhic/2/2/article-p181_4.xml) . Frontiers of History in China . 2 (2): 181–212. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/s11462-007-0012-x (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11462-007-0012-x) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1673-3401 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1673-3401) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 195069294 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195069294) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) So, Kwan Wai (1975). Japanese piracy in Ming China during the 16th century . [East Lansing?]: Michigan State University Press. p. 173. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-87013-179-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1818020 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1818020) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "9 male stars in costume dramas play Jin Yiwei!Yang Yang is elegant, Zheng Yecheng is domineering, and Ren Jialun is the most classic" (https://min.news/en/entertainment/447d1a1fe15832822e0354003ac4bf1c.html) . iMedia . 2022. v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) 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(/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feiyufu&oldid=1230251535 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feiyufu&oldid=1230251535) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Chinese traditional clothing (/wiki/Category:Chinese_traditional_clothing) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) CS1 maint: others (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text) Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text) Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text)
Bosnian model and actress (born 1991) Andreja Pejić Pejić in February 2013 Born ( 1991-08-28 ) 28 August 1991 (age 32) Tuzla (/wiki/Tuzla) , SR Bosnia and Herzegovina (/wiki/SR_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) , Yugoslavia (/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia) (now Bosnia and Herzegovina (/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) ) Nationality Australian Occupation Model/Actor Modelling information Height 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) [1] (#cite_note-Schneier_(2014)-1) Hair colour Blonde [2] (#cite_note-Storm_Models-2) Eye colour Green [2] (#cite_note-Storm_Models-2) Agency Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) (New York, Paris, Los Angeles) d'management group (Milan) Storm Model Management (/wiki/Storm_Model_Management) (London) Sight Management Studio (Barcelona) Mega Model Agency (Hamburg) Way Model Management (São Paulo) Chadwick Models (Sydney) Bravo Models (Tokyo) Visage Management (Zurich) [3] (#cite_note-Vogue_biography-3) Andreja Pejić ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ə n ˈ d r eɪ . ə ˈ p ɛ dʒ ɪ k / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ;, [4] (#cite_note-4) born Andrej Pejić ; 28 August 1991) is an Australian [5] (#cite_note-5) model and actress. [6] (#cite_note-6) Since coming out as a trans woman in 2013, she has become one of the most recognisable transgender (/wiki/Transgender) models in the world. [7] (#cite_note-7) Early life [ edit ] Pejić was born in Tuzla (/wiki/Tuzla) , Yugoslavia (/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia) (now part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) ), and has one older brother, Igor. Her mother, Jadranka Savić, [8] (#cite_note-8) is a Serb (/wiki/Serb) , and her father, Vlado Pejić, is a Bosnian Croat (/wiki/Bosnian_Croat) . The couple divorced shortly after Pejić's birth. During the Bosnian War (/wiki/Bosnian_War) , Pejić and Igor fled to Serbia (/wiki/Serbia) with their mother and grandmother, settling in a refugee camp near Belgrade (/wiki/Belgrade) . After the refugee camp, the family settled in the Vojska (/wiki/Vojska) village near Svilajnac (/wiki/Svilajnac) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Following the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (/wiki/1999_NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia) , Pejić's mother felt unsafe and decided to initiate the process of immigration to Australia. In 2000, the family moved to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (/wiki/Melbourne,_Victoria,_Australia) , as political refugees (/wiki/Political_refugees) when she was eight years old. [10] (#cite_note-10) [3] (#cite_note-Vogue_biography-3) While attending high school at University High (/wiki/University_High_School,_Melbourne) , Pejić was described as being "academically brilliant". [11] (#cite_note-11) Career [ edit ] Pejić was scouted as a model just before her 17th birthday while working at McDonald's (/wiki/McDonald%27s) , [12] (#cite_note-12) though she has also said in an interview that she was scouted at a swimming pool while still in high school in Melbourne. [13] (#cite_note-13) Pejić was initially notable for modelling both masculine and feminine clothing. In the Paris fashion shows of January 2011, Pejić walked both the men's and women's shows for Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) and the men's shows for Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) . In May 2011, her magazine cover for the New York-based magazine Dossier Journal —in which Pejić, with long blond locks in curlers, is pictured taking off a white shirt —was ruled too risqué by US bookstores Barnes & Noble (/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble) and Borders (/wiki/Borders_Group) , which covered the image with an opaque sleeve. [14] (#cite_note-14) Concerns were expressed that customers would read Pejić, who at the time was presenting as gender fluid, as a topless woman. [15] (#cite_note-15) At the Stylenite (/wiki/Stylenite) in July 2011, Pejić appeared on the catwalk both in masculine and feminine clothes from Michalsky (/wiki/Michael_Michalsky) . [16] (#cite_note-16) The following year, she modeled bridal creations by Spanish designer Rosa Clara at Barcelona's Bridal Week 2013. [17] (#cite_note-17) Pejić ranked number 18 on Models.com's Top 50 Models list in 2011, [3] (#cite_note-Vogue_biography-3) was named one of Out (/wiki/Out_(magazine)) ' s Most Compelling People, [3] (#cite_note-Vogue_biography-3) and was ranked number 98 in FHM (/wiki/FHM) magazine's 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2011 (/wiki/FHM%27s_100_Sexiest_Women_(UK)) , [18] (#cite_note-18) an award that was criticised for its hostile tone to transgender individuals, especially transgender women; the magazine referred to Pejić as a "thing", commenting, "Pass the sick bucket." [19] (#cite_note-19) FHM subsequently removed the copy accompanying Pejić's entry and posted an apology. [20] (#cite_note-20) Pejić has appeared on the covers of international editions of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) , Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_(magazine)) and GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Andreja has also appeared in editorials for fashion publications including Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , I-D , Dazed and Confused , Love , Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) , Purple and Numéro (/wiki/Numero_(magazine)) . [21] (#cite_note-21) On 6 August 2012, Pejić appeared as a guest judge on Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model (/wiki/Britain_%26_Ireland%27s_Next_Top_Model) . [22] (#cite_note-22) Pejić became the first openly transgender model profiled by Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , in its May 2015 issue, and also became the first-ever trans woman to sign a cosmetics contract. In 2016, Pejić was awarded "Best International Female Model" by GQ (/wiki/GQ) Portugal and the following year she made history by becoming the first transgender woman to appear on the cover of GQ . [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In 2013 Pejić shifted her focus to acting, appearing alongside Iselin Steiro (/wiki/Iselin_Steiro) , Saskia de Brauw (/wiki/Saskia_de_Brauw) , Tilda Swinton (/wiki/Tilda_Swinton) and David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) in the video for Bowie's 2013 single " The Stars (Are Out Tonight) (/wiki/The_Stars_(Are_Out_Tonight)) ". [26] (#cite_note-26) In late 2013, she made her acting debut playing Radu the Beautiful (/wiki/Radu_cel_Frumos) in the short-lived Turkish television series Fatih , which is based on the life of Mehmed the Conqueror (/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Pejić made her major film debut in the 2018 crime thriller film The Girl in the Spider's Web (/wiki/The_Girl_in_the_Spider%27s_Web_(film)) and has since gone on to act in multiple short films and features, [28] (#cite_note-28) most notably playing the supporting role of Nino in the 2022 film The Other Me (/wiki/The_Other_Me_(2022_film)) . After shooting The Other Me (/wiki/The_Other_Me_(2022_film)) , Pejić spent six months working as a waitress. Pejić shared with Gamerant Magazine, "I just got a job as a waitress, and I was working in this restaurant called El Nido in Santa Fe. I just wanted to ground myself a little bit and explore human beings. Since 18, I was working as a model and traveling the world and I was like, this is a good opportunity to do something normal." [29] (#cite_note-:0-29) In 2022 Pejić appeared as French singer and artist Amanda Lear (/wiki/Amanda_Lear) , in the biographical film Dalíland (/wiki/Dal%C3%ADland) , based on the later life of surrealist (/wiki/Surrealism) artist Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) . In a 2022 interview Pejić gave an update on her forthcoming autobiographical (/wiki/Autobiography) documentary: [30] (#cite_note-:1-30) "I'm trying to finish my documentary, which I've been filming over the past seven years, and I've decided to take control of it and tell my own story and direct it myself. I've always felt, from the beginning of my career, the media didn't really understand me and interviews made me quite uncomfortable. Things have progressed a lot more in, say, the past five years, in terms of how we approach gender." [29] (#cite_note-:0-29) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2013 Reason Gemma Christensen Short 2017 Bagdad, Florida Pizza Short 2018 The Girl in the Spider's Web (/wiki/The_Girl_in_the_Spider%27s_Web_(film)) Sofia 2021 Habit (/wiki/Habit_(2021_film)) Addy 2021 Sapphire Sapphire/Ethan Short 2021 Bitter Fruit Eileen Short 2022 The Other Me (/wiki/The_Other_Me_(2022_film)) Nino 2022 Dalíland (/wiki/Dal%C3%ADland) Amanda Lear Personal life [ edit ] In late 2013, Pejić underwent sex reassignment surgery (/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery) . In September 2014, Pejić announced plans on the Kickstarter crowdfunding platform to create a film about her reassignment surgery and life as a woman. Pejić started off with a projected goal of $40,000, ultimately exceeding the target funding goal. [31] (#cite_note-31) [30] (#cite_note-:1-30) Pejić had previously dated Are You the One? (/wiki/Are_You_the_One%3F) cast member Remy Duran. [32] (#cite_note-32) See also [ edit ] List of androgynous people (/wiki/List_of_androgynous_people) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Schneier_(2014)_1-0) Schneier, Matthew (5 September 2014). "A Model's Life, Chapter 2" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/fashion/will-the-fashion-world-accept-andreja-pejic-as-a-woman-fashion-week.html) . Fashion & Style. The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://archive.today/20140911182050/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/fashion/will-the-fashion-world-accept-andreja-pejic-as-a-woman-fashion-week.html?_r=0) from the original on 11 September 2014 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ a b "Andreja Pejic" (http://www.stormmanagement.com/models/andreja-pejic/) . Storm Models (/wiki/Storm_Models) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150616060215/http://www.stormmanagement.com/models/andreja-pejic/) from the original on 16 June 2015 . 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Sydney. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180702030336/https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/from-andrej-to-andreja-pejic-how-australian-boy-became-worlds-first-transgender-supermodel/news-story/0effa161cf9b3d43780b100e039f371a?nk=06d0bf93eff3d898baef33f85ad054ca-1521934875) from the original on 2 July 2018 . Retrieved 24 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "How Model Andrej Pejic Works Both Sides of the Runway - Fall Fashion 2011 -- New York Magazine - Nymag" (https://nymag.com/fashion/11/fall/andrej-pejic/) . New York Magazine . 12 August 2011 . Retrieved 5 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Godwin, Richard (7 July 2016). "Andreja Pejic on becoming the most famous transgender model in the world" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/andreja-peji-on-becoming-the-most-famous-transgender-model-in-the-world-a3288581.html) . Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . 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(https://web.archive.org/web/20120109044141/http://www.alo.rs/vesti/44942/Nas_Andrej_je_lep_ko_lutka) [Our Andrej Is Beautiful Like a Doll!]. Alo! (/wiki/Alo!) (in Serbian). Archived from the original (http://www.alo.rs/vesti/44942/Nas_Andrej_je_lep_ko_lutka) on 9 January 2012 . Retrieved 31 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Andrej Pejic Vogue: Androgynous Model Appears Nude in Vogue Brazil" (https://archive.today/20140727045742/http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/7532/20130531/andrej-pejic-vogue-androgynous-model-appears-nude-vogue-brazil-photo.htm) . Fashion & Style . Archived from the original (http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/7532/20130531/andrej-pejic-vogue-androgynous-model-appears-nude-vogue-brazil-photo.htm) on 27 July 2014 . Retrieved 25 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Overington, Caroline (/wiki/Caroline_Overington) (25 March 2013). "Raising My Androgynous Son Andrej Pejic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131004083725/http://aww.ninemsn.com.au/news/inthemag/8630757/raising-my-androgynous-son-andrej-pejic) . The Australian Women's Weekly (/wiki/The_Australian_Women%27s_Weekly) . Archived from the original (http://aww.ninemsn.com.au/news/inthemag/8630757/raising-my-androgynous-son-andrej-pejic) on 4 October 2013 . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Williamson, Charlotte (20 February 2011). "Andrej Pejic: Who's that boy?" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8335719/Andrej-Pejic-Whos-that-boy.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111211110927/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8335719/Andrej-Pejic-Whos-that-boy.html) from the original on 11 December 2011 . Retrieved 31 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Exclusive interview: Andrej Pejic" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3V4Qg8AlAQ&feature=relate) . Sunday Night (/wiki/Sunday_Night_(Australian_TV_program)) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . 13 February 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140513172648/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3V4Qg8AlAQ&feature=relate) from the original on 13 May 2014 . Retrieved 31 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Levy, Megan (17 May 2011). "Book Giants Censor Aussie Male Model's Breasts" (http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/book-giants-censor-aussie-male-models-breasts-20110517-1eqas.html) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Archived (https://archive.today/20160901164518/http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/book-giants-censor-aussie-male-models-breasts-20110516-1eqas) from the original on 1 September 2016 . Retrieved 31 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Sauers, Jenna (16 May 2011). "Barnes & Noble Censors Cover Featuring Androgynous Male Model" (http://jezebel.com/5802115/barnes--noble-censors-cover-featuring-androgynous-male-model) . Jezebel (/wiki/Jezebel_(website)) . 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Archived (https://archive.today/20141030172403/https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1303637372/andreja) from the original on 30 October 2014 . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Zuckerman, Blaine (24 July 2014). "Andrej Pejic Now Andreja After Sex Reassignment Surgery" (http://www.people.com/article/andrej-pejic-sex-reassignment-surgery-exclusive) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Archived (https://archive.today/20140725040507/http://www.people.com/article/andrej-pejic-sex-reassignment-surgery-exclusive) from the original on 25 July 2014 . Retrieved 25 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Coolest Person in the Room: Remy Duran" (https://www.papermag.com/coolest-person-remy-duran-2639943135.html) . 21 August 2019. Further reading [ edit ] Hauck, Brigitt (24 February 2011). "Andrej Pejic: The Man Modeling Womenswear" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12567337) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . White, Belinda (27 February 2011). "Jean Paul Gaultier Shows Andrej Pejic the Love" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/belinda-white/TMG8285904/Jean-Paul-Gaultier-shows-Andrej-Pejic-the-love.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Williamson, Charlotte (20 February 2011). "Andrej Pejic: Who's That Boy?" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8335719/Andrej-Pejic-Whos-that-boy.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Phillips, Sue (7 February 2020). "Interview with international model Andreja Pejic: "I think standing behind Assange and Manning is where we should all be" (https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/02/07/andr-f07.html) " (https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/02/07/andr-f07.html) . World Socialist Web Site (/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site) . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Andreja Pejić (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andreja_Peji%C4%87) . Andreja Pejić (https://web.archive.org/web/20110423221909/http://www.ftape.com/model/?portfolio=andrej-pejic) at FTape.com Andreja Pejić (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/andrej_pejic/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Andreja Pejić (http://models.com/models/andrej-pejic) at Models.com "Andrej Pejic, Androgynous Model, In High Demand" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/04/andrej-pejic-androgynous-_n_804028.html#s218767&title=Marc_Jacobss_new) at Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/9793159248368704870006) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2022057718) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811492765105606) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐7xgx9 Cached time: 20240720191419 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.685 seconds Real time usage: 0.865 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4716/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 89971/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6021/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 139484/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.464/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11367048/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 801.188 1 -total 33.33% 267.050 1 Template:Reflist 29.46% 236.020 1 Template:Infobox_model 15.19% 121.723 11 Template:Cite_news 12.85% 102.981 20 Template:Cite_web 10.56% 84.644 1 Template:Authority_control 9.07% 72.668 1 Template:Short_description 5.57% 44.596 1 Template:Infobox 5.01% 40.171 2 Template:Pagetype 4.86% 38.951 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30995181-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720191419 and revision id 1225978130. 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Women's fragrance Tabu Tabu by Dana in The Ladies' home journal (1948) Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Dana Released 1931 Tabu by Dana is a women's fragrance created by French perfumer (/wiki/Perfume) Jean Carles (/wiki/Jean_Carles) in 1931. [1] (#cite_note-Rhind2014-1) Origins [ edit ] The House of Dana was a perfumery (/wiki/Perfume) established in 1932 in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , Spain by lawyer Javier Serra (/w/index.php?title=Javier_Serra&action=edit&redlink=1) . It was later headquartered in Paris. In 1940, it relocated to the US during the German occupation of France during World War II (/wiki/German_occupation_of_France_during_World_War_II) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Carles worked for Roure Bertrand (/w/index.php?title=Roure_Bertrand&action=edit&redlink=1) , a company associated with fashion houses such as Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) and Cristóbal Balenciaga (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga) . [3] (#cite_note-Perfume_Projects-3) Ingredients [ edit ] Carles used an exceptionally high dose of patchouli (10%), which he combined with clove (carnation), oak moss and benzoin (vanilla effect). Other notes include Bergamot, Neroli, Orange, Coriander, Narcissus, Clover, Rose, Ylang Ylang, Jasmine, Cedar, Sandalwood, Vetiver, Civet, Amber, Musk. Supposedly Dana told Carles to "make a perfume a prostitute would wear". It was one of the first "oriental" scents created in the perfume world and one of the heaviest. It was the inspiration for the later orientals Tuvara (1948) and Youth Dew (1951). [ citation needed ] Advertising [ edit ] Prinet - Kreutzer Sonata painting used in advertising Tabu The long-running print advertisement of Dan's Tabu reproduced the 1901 painting The Kreutzer Sonata (/wiki/The_Kreutzer_Sonata_(painting)) by René-Xavier Prinet (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Xavier_Prinet) , inspired by the novella of the same title by Leo Tolstoy (/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy) , showing a violinist, overcome with passion, breaking off his performance to embrace his female accompanist. The advertisement's tagline was "Tabu, the forbidden fragrance". [4] (#cite_note-Moro2018-4) [5] (#cite_note-Hill-5) People looked at the advertisement and linked the embracing couple with the fragrance. [6] (#cite_note-6) Gallery [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Rhind2014_1-0) Rhind, Jennifer Peace (2014). "4. Perfume: the transcendence of the sweet life" (https://books.google.com/books?id=LamNAQAAQBAJ&dq=Tabu+by+Dana&pg=PA121) . Fragrance and Wellbeing: Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche . London and Philadelphia: Singing Dragon. p. 121. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85701-073-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Reports of the Tax Court of the United States . U.S. Government Printing Office. 1966. pp. 107–136. ^ (#cite_ref-Perfume_Projects_3-0) "Jean Carles (1892-1966)" (http://www.perfumeprojects.com/museum/perfumers/Jean_Carles.shtml) . Retrieved 11 April 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-Moro2018_4-0) Moro, Pamela A. (2018). Violins: Local Meanings, Globalized Sounds . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-88719-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hill_5-0) Hill, Daniel Delis (2002). Advertising to the American Woman, 1900-1999 . Ohio State University Press. p. 132. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8142-0890-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) California Highway Patrolman . California Association of Highway Patrolmen. 1960. p. 27. 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Indian American Fashion designer Bibhu Mohapatra Fashion designer Born ( 1972-06-07 ) 7 June 1972 (age 52) Rourkela (/wiki/Rourkela) , Odisha (/wiki/Odisha) , India (/wiki/India) Nationality Indian Education Fashion institute of Technology Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Known for Luxury womenswear, fine jewelry and costumes Label Bibhu Mohapatra Spouse Robert Roane Beard Website www (https://www.bibhu.com/) .bibhu (https://www.bibhu.com/) .com (https://www.bibhu.com/) Bibhu Mohapatra (born 7 June 1972 in Rourkela (/wiki/Rourkela) , Odisha (/wiki/Odisha) , India (/wiki/India) ) is a New York-based fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . Early life and education [ edit ] Mohapatra grew up in Rourkela, Odisha, on the East Coast of India. As a young child, his mother helped him learn how to sew on her machine and he used old textiles, such as old saris, to learn sewing. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 1996 he moved to America and earned a master's degree from Utah State University (/wiki/Utah_State_University) . In 1999 he moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and enrolled at the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) . He worked at the American fashion labels Halson and J.Mendel. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] In 2008 Mohapatra resigned from J. Mendel in order to establish his label, Bibhu Mohapatra -Purple Label. Since then, he has presented many collections of luxury women's ready to wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) , couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) and fur (/wiki/Fur_clothing) under his name in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) , Frankfurt (/wiki/Frankfurt) , Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) , Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Palm Beach (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) , Tampa (/wiki/Tampa) , Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) , Costa Rica (/wiki/Costa_Rica) . His collections are sold by many boutiques around the world. [3] (#cite_note-MyUser_Blouinartinfo.com_April_24_2016c-3) Mohapatra served as the primary costume designer for the Verdi (/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi) opera Aida (/wiki/Aida) debuted during the 2012 Summer season at the Glimmerglass Opera (/wiki/Glimmerglass_Opera) in Cooperstown, NY. Bibhu was invited to design Costumes for the post covid reopening of The Washionton National Opera (https://www.vogue.com/article/bibhu-mohapatra-designs-for-the-washington-national-opera) at Kennedy Center in Washionton DC in 2021 in honor of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/05/style/ruth-bader-ginsberg-washington-national-opera.html) . [3] (#cite_note-MyUser_Blouinartinfo.com_April_24_2016c-3) First Lady (/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) is Mohapatra's client and he feels she reflects his designs well. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) On the charitable front, Bibhu has designed several collections of hand woven silk sari to help the traditional hand weavers in his home state of Odisha in India. [3] (#cite_note-MyUser_Blouinartinfo.com_April_24_2016c-3) Bibhu is a co-founder of The India Society. India Society is a New York-based organization set up to assist students of fashion and fine art with tuition and internships at US based Universities. [ citation needed ] Mohapatra Launched a collection of diamond (/wiki/Diamond) jewelry in India in 2016 with ForeverMark (https://www.forevermark.com/en-in/collections/the-artemis-collection/) a division of Debeers. [6] (#cite_note-6) ForeverMark and Mohapatra have been associating since 2016. In 2019 ForeverMark provided an assortment of diamond jewelry, which complimented his Fall-Winter 2019 collection during New York Fashion Week. [7] (#cite_note-7) The first collection is called Artemis by Bibhu Mohapatra. " Artemis by Bibhu Mohapatra (http://www.forevermark.com/en-in/collections/the-artemis-collection) " The second Debeers collection was launched in 2019. With his 2019 fall collection, he passed the 10-year mark. [8] (#cite_note-8) Mohapatra lives and works in New York City. [9] (#cite_note-MyUser_Elledecor.com_April_24_2016c-9) His creations have been featured in many fashion magazines including In Touch Weekly (/wiki/In_Touch_Weekly) . [10] (#cite_note-10) DNA (/wiki/Zee_News) , [11] (#cite_note-11) New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) , [12] (#cite_note-12) Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) , [13] (#cite_note-13) Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) , [14] (#cite_note-MyUser_Forbes_April_26_2016c-14) The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , [16] (#cite_note-16) Gotham (/wiki/Gotham_(magazine)) [17] (#cite_note-17) and Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [18] (#cite_note-MyUser_Vogue.com_April_26_2016c-18) Mohapatra's Spring 2021 collection was inspired by Amrita Sher-Gil. [19] (#cite_note-19) For the 2021 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) , Mohapatra dressed Puma creative director, June Ambrose, in a white silk faille gown that was hand embroidered by Indian artisans. [20] (#cite_note-20) Awards and honors [ edit ] On May 27, 2010, Mohapatra received the "Young Innovator Award" from the National Arts Club. [21] (#cite_note-21) In June 2010, he was elected a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) . [22] (#cite_note-22) In April 2013, SCAD Atlanta presented the exhibition "Surface" by Bibhu Mohapatra, an exhibition encompassing work from many seasons. [23] (#cite_note-MyUser_Scad.edu_April_26_2016c-23) In June 2013, Mohapatra was a finalist for the 2014 International Woolmark Prize. [24] (#cite_note-MyUser_Popsugar.com_April_26_2016c-24) See also [ edit ] Indians in the New York City metropolitan area (/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fashion Designer Bibhu Mohapatra" (https://www.zocalopublicsquare.org/2021/03/18/fashion-designer-bibhu-mohapatra/personalities/in-the-green-room/) . Zócalo Public Square . 2021-03-18 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Bibhu Mohapatra - NYFW: The Shows" (https://nyfw.com/designers/bibhu-mohapatra) . nyfw.com . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ a b c "Designer Spotlight: Bibhu Mohapatra on His Designs, Fashion and More" (http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/1383094/designer-spotlight-bibhu-mohapatra-on-his-designs-fashion-and) . Blouinartinfo.com . Retrieved April 24, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kristi Ellis (25 January 2015). "Michelle Obama Picks Mohapatra for India Trip" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/michelle-obama-picks-mohapatra-for-india-trip-8143581/) . WWD . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Reddy, Sujata (2017-04-27). "When filing for bankruptcy helped Bibhu Mohapatra's brand do better" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/when-filing-for-bankruptcy-helped-bibhu-mohapatras-brand-do-better/articleshow/58391431.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Forevermark Diamond Jewellery" (https://www.forevermark.com/en/now-forever/trending/bibhu-mohapatra/bibhu-mohapatra-2016-fall-winter-collection/) . Forevermark . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Forevermark Sparkles at Bibhu Mohapatra's New York Fashion Show" (https://retailjewellerindia.com/uncategorized/forevermark-sparkles-at-bibhu-mohapatras-new-york-fashion-week-show-in-association-with-narayan-jewellers/) . The Retail Jeweller India . 2019-02-15 . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Bibhu Mohapatra Spring 2020 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2020-ready-to-wear/bibhu-mohapatra) . Vogue . 10 September 2019 . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-MyUser_Elledecor.com_April_24_2016c_9-0) "Bibhu Mohapatra Home - Fashion Designer Home" (http://www.elledecor.com/celebrity-style/celebrity-homes/news/g834/bibhu-mohapatra-home/) . Elle Decor . 2 April 2014 . Retrieved April 24, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Bibhu Mohapatra Fashion Shows: Designer Directory on Style.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140803184255/http://www.style.com/fashionshows/designerdirectory/BIBHU/seasons) . Archived from the original (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/designerdirectory/BIBHU/seasons) on August 3, 2014 . Retrieved April 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Hollywood's haute-stepper, Bibhu Mohapatra" (http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_hollywood-s-haute-stepper-bibhu-mohapatra_1396563) . dna . 15 June 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Nine Designers to Watch This Fashion Week" (http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/09/designers_to_watch_3.html) . The Cut . 3 September 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Cho, Alina (6 September 2012). "Fashion Designer Bibhu Mohapatra's Moment" (http://style.time.com/2012/09/06/mohapatras-moment/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-MyUser_Forbes_April_26_2016c_14-0) "Is Bibhu Mohapatra The Next Dennis Basso?" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahelliott/2012/02/15/is-bibhu-mohapatra-the-next-dennis-basso/#5f891702420d) . Forbes . February 15, 2012 . Retrieved April 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Gardner Jr., Ralph (17 May 2010). "Bloomberg Initiative Helps Fashion Designers Go From Incubator to Runway" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703745904575248282808197198?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines) . WSJ . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Liana Satenstein (28 March 2013). "Bibhu Mohapatra Collection for Rent the Runway - Up and Coming Designers" (http://www.marieclaire.com/blog/bibhu-mohapatra-rent-the-runway-2013) . Marie Claire . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Bibhu Mohapatra Rises Through the Ranks" (http://gotham-magazine.com/personalities/articles/bibhu-mohapatra-rises-through-fashions-ranks) . ^ (#cite_ref-MyUser_Vogue.com_April_26_2016c_18-0) "Up-and-Coming New York Designers: New Guard - Vogue" (http://www.vogue.com/865490/up-and-coming-new-york-designers-new-guard/) . Vogue.com . 15 May 2010 . Retrieved April 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) " (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/my-heritage-is-my-creative-foundation-bibhu-mohapatra-7428572/) 'My heritage is my creative foundation': Bibhu Mohapatra" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/my-heritage-is-my-creative-foundation-bibhu-mohapatra-7428572/) . The Indian Express . 2021-08-18 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "How 'American Independence' was interpreted by celebs at Met Gala 2021" (https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/how-american-independence-was-interpreted-by-celebs-at-met-gala-2021-9966511.html) . Firstpost . 2021-09-15 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Cator (1 June 2010). "Bibhu Mohapatra Takes Home National Arts Club Young Innovator Award - StyleCaster" (http://www.stylecaster.com/bibhu-mohapatra-takes-home-national-arts-club-young-innovator-award/) . StyleCaster . ^ (#cite_ref-22) CFDA. "CFDA" (http://www.cfda.com/the-latest/featured-designer-bibhu-mohapatra) . ^ (#cite_ref-MyUser_Scad.edu_April_26_2016c_23-0) "Bibhu Mohapatra exhibition: "Surface" (http://www.scad.edu/event/bibhu-mohapatra-exhibition-surface) " (http://www.scad.edu/event/bibhu-mohapatra-exhibition-surface) . Scad.edu . Retrieved April 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-MyUser_Popsugar.com_April_26_2016c_24-0) "US Finalists For 2014 International Woolmark Competition" (http://www.popsugar.com/fashion/US-Finalists-2014-International-Woolmark-Competition-29198705) . Popsugar.com . Retrieved April 26, 2016 . 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Duluth Pack Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) , fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1882 ; 142 years ago ( 1882 ) in Duluth, Minnesota (/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota) , United States Founder Camille Poirier Products Canoe packs (/wiki/Canoe_pack) Owners Tom Sega and Mark Oestreich [1] (#cite_note-DNT-1) Website duluthpack (http://duluthpack.com) .com (http://duluthpack.com) The Duluth Pack company is a manufacturer and supplier of Duluth pack (/wiki/Duluth_pack) style packs. [2] (#cite_note-MPR-2) They also produce and sell a range of other products, especially other bags and accessories built in the style of their packs. The company grew out of the shoe repair business started by Camille Poirier in 1870. He patented the #3 Duluth pack in 1882 and later sold the canoe pack (/wiki/Canoe_pack) business to an outdoor supply store in downtown Duluth, Minnesota (/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota) , where it is still located. The company is led and owned by Tom Sega. History [ edit ] The Duluth pack was invented by a French-Canadian named Camille Poirier, who went west to Duluth in 1870. Arriving with his "little stock of leather and tools", he began a small shoe store and quickly found success in what was then a booming frontier town. [3] (#cite_note-PourierBio-3) Out of his small shoe shop on the waterfront, Poirier began building a new style of canoe pack with a tumpline (/wiki/Tumpline) , sternum strap, and umbrella holder. He patented the design in 1882. The original #3 Duluth Packs have changed little since then, and came to be extensively used on wilderness canoe camping trips, giving prominence to both the name of the pack and the company. In 1911, Poirier sold off the canoe pack business to Duluth Tent and Awning on West Superior Street in downtown Duluth. In the 1920s, as America began its love affair with the automobile and auto camping became all the rage, Duluth Pack built "auto packs" that would clamp to the running boards of the car to hold extra gear. In some ways these were forerunners of RVs. [ citation needed ] The company has since grown globally and started joint ventures with Barney's (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) in New York, Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) , and other prominent companies. [ citation needed ] Trademark claim [ edit ] The company has been headquartered at its present location for over 120 years and later changed the name it operates under to Duluth Pack. Locations and operations [ edit ] The single Duluth Pack store is located at 365 Canal Park Drive in Canal Park, Duluth (/wiki/Canal_Park,_Duluth) . Duluth Pack also sells its products online and through a wide network of dealers around the world. Products [ edit ] Number 4 Duluth pack (/wiki/Duluth_pack) Duluth Pack [ edit ] A Duluth Pack (/wiki/Duluth_Pack) is a traditional portage pack used in canoe (/wiki/Canoe) travel, particularly in the Boundary Waters (/wiki/Boundary_Waters) region of northern Minnesota and the Quetico Provincial Park (/wiki/Quetico_Provincial_Park) of Ontario (/wiki/Ontario) . A specialized type of backpack (/wiki/Backpack) , Duluth Packs are made of heavy canvas (/wiki/Canvas) and leather, and are nearly square in order to fit easily in the bottom of a canoe. The typical Duluth Pack consists of a single large envelope that is closed by leather straps (/wiki/Strap) and roller buckles (/wiki/Buckle) rather than a zipper (/wiki/Zipper) . Larger sizes, such as #4, have a "set-out" and so are box-shaped rather than envelope-shaped. The pack is carried by two shoulder straps, and sometimes a tumpline (/wiki/Tumpline) worn over the top of the head. They are made in several sizes, traditionally referred to by numbers. Their canoe pack's key attributes make them well adapted to wilderness camping where travel is largely by water (where the packs and gear do not need to be carried) punctuated by portages (/wiki/Portage) where the packs and gear need to be carried over land: They are generally larger than other packs, accommodating a quantity of gear. Canoe camping typically involves carrying more and heavier gear than, for example, backpacking. They must be built strong, carrying heavy loads even when exposure to the elements can weaken pack materials, especially by water saturation. Their shape accommodates large volumes while remaining compact, and their design has few protuberances. This allows better fitting into canoes, less snagging during loading and unloading, and packing lower in canoes to lower the center of gravity to enhance stability. They are not tall above the wearer's shoulders (as backpacking packs typically are), allowing the wearer to also carry a canoe. Some have a tumpline, which assists weight distribution with heavy loads. Conversely, they lack many features and attributes of long-distance backpacking backpacks, and so are generally not used for such purposes. Other products [ edit ] The woodsmen and women of the 1940s and 1950s needed a pack they could take into the trees, but that would not snag on branches like the canoe pack. The Cruiser Pack was created to fulfill this requirement. These packs were narrower, but still as tough as a canoe pack, and they could travel more easily between the trees. The 1960s and 1970s saw the entry of the age of air travel and the need for durable luggage. While Duluth Pack had been building luggage for Gokey's and Orvis (/wiki/Orvis) since the 1950s, a new line of sportsman's duffels was introduced and became popular. The most recent redesigns to the venerable pack have included padded laptop sleeves. The rugged canvas and leather style of duluth Packs has become fashionable, and the company manufactures and markets a range of other products, such as purses, briefcases, duffel bags, totes, gun cases, & other hunting, camping, or hiking gear made in the same classic, handcrafted style. They now offer materials such as waxed canvas, cowhide leather, bison leather, wool, & more in addition to the traditional canvas style carried since 1882. [2] (#cite_note-MPR-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) [3] (#cite_note-PourierBio-3) [5] (#cite_note-126Year-5) Duluth Pack also manufactures American Heritage products such as purses, briefcases, backpacks, iPad cases, luggage, gun cases, and a variety of accessory items. In addition to the traditional canvas and leather, there are new product lines using Faribault Woolen Mills (/wiki/Faribault_Woolen_Mills) wool, Woolrich (/wiki/Woolrich) wool, and American Bison (/wiki/American_Bison) leather grown in North Dakota and tanned in St. Paul, Minnesota. In addition to products produced in their 15 standard colors, they have a line of camouflage bags and accessories using Mossy Oak (/wiki/Mossy_Oak) New Break Up canvas. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-DNT_1-0) "Ivanka Trump, others visit Duluth Pack for signing of pledge to American workers" (https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/government-and-politics/6590506-Ivanka-Trump-others-visit-Duluth-Pack-for-signing-of-pledge-to-American-workers) . Duluth News Tribune . Retrieved August 26, 2020 . ^ a b John Meyers, "Duluth Pack celebrates 100 years" (http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/07/16/duluth-pack) , Duluth News Tribune (/wiki/Duluth_News_Tribune) , July 16, 2011, MPR News, Minnesota Public Radio (/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio) . Retrieved April 2013. ^ a b Sheldon Aubut's Duluth History - Autobiography of Camille Poirier (http://www.cityhistory.us/duluth/stories/duluth_pack.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130614153146/http://www.cityhistory.us/duluth/stories/duluth_pack.htm) 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Retrieved April 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The history of the Duluth Pack" (http://upnorthica.com/2008/08/25/the-history-of-the-duluth-pack/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200655/http://upnorthica.com/2008/08/25/the-history-of-the-duluth-pack/) 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Upnorthica.com, August 25, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-126Year_5-0) Cory Bellamy, "126-year-old Duluth Pack continues to thrive" (http://blog.lib.umn.edu/jhatcher/duluthcommunitynews/2008/10/126_year_old_duluth_pack_conti.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201055/http://blog.lib.umn.edu/jhatcher/duluthcommunitynews/2008/10/126_year_old_duluth_pack_conti.html) October 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Duluth Community News. Retrieved October 28, 2013. External links [ edit ] Official website Duluth Pack Co. (http://www.duluthpack.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐9brpf Cached time: 20240713184623 Cache expiry: 1574018 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.241 seconds Real time usage: 0.311 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1662/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14162/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2155/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9244/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.142/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3935811/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 288.728 1 -total 44.64% 128.879 1 Template:Infobox_company 40.59% 117.185 1 Template:Infobox 34.74% 100.290 1 Template:Reflist 26.37% 76.143 1 Template:Cite_web 19.54% 56.404 2 Template:Fact 16.50% 47.648 2 Template:Fix 10.21% 29.488 4 Template:Category_handler 3.44% 9.943 1 Template:URL 3.19% 9.220 3 Template:Webarchive Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39191706-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713184623 and revision id 1207999400. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duluth_Pack_(company)&oldid=1207999400 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duluth_Pack_(company)&oldid=1207999400) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies based in Minnesota (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Minnesota) Luggage manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Luggage_manufacturers) Companies based in Duluth, Minnesota (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Duluth,_Minnesota) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2014)
American wedding bonnet of coal-scuttle shape at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art) A coal scuttle bonnet (sometimes referred to as a coal-scuttle bonnet or sugar scoop bonnet ) is a design of bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) with stiffened brim and a flat back (crown). [1] (#cite_note-Dictionary_of_Costume_and_Fashion_Brooks_Picken-1) The name originates from its similarity to the shape of a traditional coal storer (/wiki/Coal_scuttle) . [1] (#cite_note-Dictionary_of_Costume_and_Fashion_Brooks_Picken-1) It may be very similar in design to the poke bonnet (/wiki/Poke_bonnet) – some sources use the terms interchangeably – however the poke shape had a wide and rounded front brim that extended beyond the face, according to fashion historian Mary Brooks Picken (/wiki/Mary_Brooks_Picken) , while the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) notes that the poke generally shielded the face and had a wide brim that provided a large surface for decoration. [1] (#cite_note-Dictionary_of_Costume_and_Fashion_Brooks_Picken-1) [2] (#cite_note-Met_Poke-2) History of the design [ edit ] Some sources say that the elongated bonnet with flattened back was popular from the mid 1850s, however the fashion predates this since it is mentioned in Nicholas Nickleby (/wiki/Nicholas_Nickleby) (published 1838), as worn by Miss Snevellici, leading lady of Crummies Troop, who glances out "from the depths" of her headgear, described as a coal-scuttle bonnet. [1] (#cite_note-Dictionary_of_Costume_and_Fashion_Brooks_Picken-1) [3] (#cite_note-Dictionary_of_Slang_Partridge-3) An even earlier version minus the flattened crown, dating from circa 1810 and described as a coal-scuttle shape, is part of the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) archive. [4] (#cite_note-VAM_csb-4) 1848 Parisian illustration showing a bonnet in the coal scuttle shape This style of fashion spread far and wide during the 1840s; an 1843 letter to The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , reprinting in full private letter to England from a chaplain in New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) , described a congregation of Māori (/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people) worshippers who had adopted some elements of London dress: "Fancy a fat old woman, with a coal-scuttle-bonnet on her head, her face inside very much tattooed, with a bright scarlet shawl, a very fanciful printed gown, white cotton stockings, and showy sandals. This was a great chieftainesse". [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_18203-5) By the 1850s, according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, exaggerated styles of poke and coal scuttle bonnet had fallen out of favour, to be replaced by softer styles that framed the face and showed off more of the hair. A reduced size also enabled lighter materials and trimmings to be used. [6] (#cite_note-Met_coal_scuttle-6) Variations on the style appear to have persisted in millinery fashion into the 1890s; a fashion commentator in the Milwaukee Journal (/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal) commenting on New York fashion bemoaned the imminent return of the elongated bonnet design, saying: "Just how long will it be before we see the coal scuttle bonnet with its hideous green veil I cannot tell, but I fear it will not be very long as I have found three bonnets of the most pronounced of that ugly type, only of course worn smaller than those worn before". The new styles she described had a lace veil that could be worn forward or thrown back over the hat. [7] (#cite_note-MJ_Leroy-7) The coal-scuttle shape was adapted to create the traditional Afrikaans sun bonnet the kappie Cultural and religious adaptations [ edit ] A variation on the traditional stiffened coal-scuttle shape was the kappie (from the Dutch kapje ), an Afrikaans (/wiki/Afrikaans_language) word for a women's sun-bonnet. [8] (#cite_note-The_Times_64685-8) This style of bonnet was also worn by some American Quaker (/wiki/Quaker) women during the 19th century and is also similar to the Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) that was first worn in 1880. [9] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-9) [10] (#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_Merritt-10) The Salvation Army design was created by one of the cadets training at the Salvation Army's Hackney college – a milliner called Annie E. Lockwood – who customised hats sold by local merchants to create the distinctive headgear. [11] (#cite_note-William_and_Catherine-11) Later, the Salvation Army style of bonnet would have a fashion revival in the 1920s and 1930s – notably being redefined by the studio of Caroline Reboux (/wiki/Caroline_Reboux) in spring 1938. [12] (#cite_note-The_Times_48222-12) See also [ edit ] Poke bonnet (/wiki/Poke_bonnet) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Brooks Picken, Mary (1999). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern (1999 ed.). United States: Dover Publications. p. 27 (https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcost0000pick/page/27) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486402940 . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . coal scuttle bonnet. ^ (#cite_ref-Met_Poke_2-0) "Poke bonnet" (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/156141) . metmuseum.org . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Dictionary_of_Slang_Partridge_3-0) Partridge, Eric (2006). A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006 ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 231 (https://archive.org/details/newpartridgedict00tomd_0/page/231) . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . coal scuttle bonnet. ^ (#cite_ref-VAM_csb_4-0) "Coal scuttle shaped bonnet" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/node/17312) . vam.ac.uk . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_18203_5-0) "New Zealand". The Times . No. 18203. 26 January 1843. ^ (#cite_ref-Met_coal_scuttle_6-0) "Bonnet" (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/156490?rpp=30&pg=1&ft=coal+scuttle+bonnet&pos=1) . metmuseum.org . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-MJ_Leroy_7-0) Leroy, Mate (28 April 1893). "New York Fashions: The coal scuttle bonnet looms up on the horizon" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=18930428&id=ZRAaAAAAIBAJ&pg=3212,2424614&hl=en) . Milwaukee Journal . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_64685_8-0) "Word Watching". The Times . No. 64685. 1 July 1993. ^ (#cite_ref-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico_9-0) Chico, Beverly (2013). Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO LLC. p. 394. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610690621 . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_Merritt_10-0) Merritt, Major John G. (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Salvation Army . Oxford: Scarecrow Press Inc. p. 26. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0810853442 . Retrieved 31 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-William_and_Catherine_11-0) Le Feuvre, Cathy (2013). William and Catherine: The Love Story of the Founders of the Salvation Army . Oxford: Lion Hudson. p. 258. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780857213129 . Retrieved 9 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_48222_12-0) "The Spring Collections". The Times . No. 48222. 6 February 1939. v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_cap) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie 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This category (/wiki/Wikipedia:Category) includes hairstylists. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hairdressers (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hairdressers) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐q2sj6 Cached time: 20240720182754 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.071 seconds Real time usage: 0.099 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2463/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 293/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.042/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 945109/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 88.304 1 Template:Commons_cat 100.00% 88.304 1 -total 95.47% 84.306 1 Template:Sister_project 93.22% 82.317 1 Template:Side_box 7.18% 6.341 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1384793-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720182754 and revision id 665051976. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. Hairdressers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Hairdressers_by_nationality) ‎ (15 C) B Barbers (/wiki/Category:Barbers) ‎ (84 P) F Fictional hairdressers (/wiki/Category:Fictional_hairdressers) ‎ (1 C, 52 P) Films about hairdressers (/wiki/Category:Films_about_hairdressers) ‎ (1 C, 12 P) H Hairdressers' trade unions (/wiki/Category:Hairdressers%27_trade_unions) ‎ (8 P) Pages in category "Hairdressers" The following 40 pages are in this category, out of 40 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . * List of hairdressers (/wiki/List_of_hairdressers) A Brandi Ahzionae (/wiki/Brandi_Ahzionae) Francisco José Alcaraz (/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_Alcaraz) Gardenia Arauz (/wiki/Gardenia_Arauz) Carolyn Aronson (/wiki/Carolyn_Aronson) Ernie Asher (/wiki/Ernie_Asher) Frederic Aspiras (/wiki/Frederic_Aspiras) B Thomas Bickham (/wiki/Thomas_Bickham) Michele Bruno (/wiki/Michele_Bruno) C Cha Hong (/wiki/Cha_Hong) D Stephanie Deste (/wiki/Stephanie_Deste) Michael Doyle (hairdresser) (/wiki/Michael_Doyle_(hairdresser)) E Linda Eisenhamerová (/wiki/Linda_Eisenhamerov%C3%A1) H The Hairdresser of Harare (/wiki/The_Hairdresser_of_Harare) A Hairdresser's Experience in High Life (/wiki/A_Hairdresser%27s_Experience_in_High_Life) I Tomi Ilic (/wiki/Tomi_Ilic) J Chandimal Jayasinghe (/wiki/Chandimal_Jayasinghe) K KallMeKris (/wiki/KallMeKris) L Addy Lee (/wiki/Addy_Lee) Adruitha Lee (/wiki/Adruitha_Lee) Winnie Loo (/wiki/Winnie_Loo) M Michel Mercier (hairdresser) (/wiki/Michel_Mercier_(hairdresser)) Heike Merker (/wiki/Heike_Merker) N Tempa Ndah (/wiki/Tempa_Ndah) Albert Nico (/wiki/Albert_Nico) P Gloria Pasqua-Casny (/wiki/Gloria_Pasqua-Casny) Lauri Pedaja (/wiki/Lauri_Pedaja) Johann Peries (/wiki/Johann_Peries) Peter Mark (/wiki/Peter_Mark) Ambika Pillai (/wiki/Ambika_Pillai) R Ricky Reyes (hairdresser) (/wiki/Ricky_Reyes_(hairdresser)) Dusty Rhodes (artist) (/wiki/Dusty_Rhodes_(artist)) S Gaby Saliba (/wiki/Gaby_Saliba) Chanella Stougje (/wiki/Chanella_Stougje) T La Tigresa del Oriente (/wiki/La_Tigresa_del_Oriente) Marcia Torres (/wiki/Marcia_Torres) W Greg Wencel (/wiki/Greg_Wencel) Una White (/wiki/Una_White) Knut Wulff (/wiki/Knut_Wulff) Y Adrienne Yabouza (/wiki/Adrienne_Yabouza) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hairdressers&oldid=665051976 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hairdressers&oldid=665051976) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hairdressing (/wiki/Category:Hairdressing) People in fashion (/wiki/Category:People_in_fashion) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Films about fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐hcwsw Cached time: 20240719150235 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46929257-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719150235 and revision id 996765449. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. D Documentary films about fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Documentary_films_about_fashion_designers) ‎ (14 P) F Films about fashion in India (/wiki/Category:Films_about_fashion_in_India) ‎ (7 P) Pages in category "Films about fashion designers" The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Absolute Beginners (film) (/wiki/Absolute_Beginners_(film)) All I Wish (/wiki/All_I_Wish) B The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant (/wiki/The_Bitter_Tears_of_Petra_von_Kant) C Chanel Solitaire (/wiki/Chanel_Solitaire) Coco Before Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Before_Chanel) Coco Chanel (film) (/wiki/Coco_Chanel_(film)) Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (/wiki/Coco_Chanel_%26_Igor_Stravinsky) Cruella (film) (/wiki/Cruella_(film)) D Designing Woman (/wiki/Designing_Woman) E Everyman's Feast (/wiki/Everyman%27s_Feast) H Halston (film) (/wiki/Halston_(film)) House of Gucci (/wiki/House_of_Gucci) House of Versace (/wiki/House_of_Versace) I I Can Get It for You Wholesale (film) (/wiki/I_Can_Get_It_for_You_Wholesale_(film)) It Chapter Two (/wiki/It_Chapter_Two) M The Midnight Venus (/wiki/The_Midnight_Venus) Mother Mary (upcoming film) (/wiki/Mother_Mary_(upcoming_film)) P Papicha (/wiki/Papicha) The Parent Trap (1998 film) (/wiki/The_Parent_Trap_(1998_film)) Paris Frills (/wiki/Paris_Frills) Perfume (2001 film) (/wiki/Perfume_(2001_film)) Phantom Thread (/wiki/Phantom_Thread) S Saint Laurent (film) (/wiki/Saint_Laurent_(film)) Slaves of New York (/wiki/Slaves_of_New_York) Sweet Home Alabama (film) (/wiki/Sweet_Home_Alabama_(film)) W Wonder Boy (2019 film) (/wiki/Wonder_Boy_(2019_film)) Y Yves Saint Laurent (film) (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(film)) Z Zuzu Angel (film) (/wiki/Zuzu_Angel_(film)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Films_about_fashion_designers&oldid=996765449 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Films_about_fashion_designers&oldid=996765449) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Films about artists (/wiki/Category:Films_about_artists) Films about fashion (/wiki/Category:Films_about_fashion) Fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers)
Belarusian plus-size model and actress (born 1981) Katya Zharkova Born ( 1981-10-30 ) October 30, 1981 (age 42) [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) Minsk (/wiki/Minsk) , Belarus (/wiki/Belarus) Occupation Plus-size model Modelling information Height 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) [1] (#cite_note-Wilhelmina1-1) Hair colour Blonde Eye colour Brown Agency Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) [1] (#cite_note-Wilhelmina1-1) Brigitte Models [2] (#cite_note-BrigitteModels1-2) Website Official website (http://www.zharkova.com) Katya Zharkova ( Belarusian (/wiki/Belarusian_language) : Кацярына Жаркова ; born October 30, 1981) is a Belarusian plus-size model (/wiki/Plus-size_model) and actress. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] Zharkova started modeling when she was 14 years old and is considered the first plus-size model (/wiki/Plus-size_model) of Belarus (/wiki/Belarus) . [5] (#cite_note-MarieClaire-5) Katya is known for her bare-skinned photo shoot by Plus Size Magazine (http://plus-model-mag.com/) with another skinny model to raise awareness for the young girls who lose confidence because of oversized body figures. [6] (#cite_note-6) She has appeared in and modeled for labels such as Forever 21 (/wiki/Forever_21) , Silver Jeans (/wiki/Silver_Jeans) and plus-size specialists Fashion To Figure (/wiki/Fashion_To_Figure) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2006, Zharkova was the first plus-size model (/wiki/Plus-size_model) to appear in Cosmopolitan Russia (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_Russia) , in the November issue. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2013, Zharkova was selected as one of Plus Model Magazine's Women of the Year for 2013 as an advocate for woman's choice to be healthy and not to subside to society's standards. [9] (#cite_note-9) Zharkova is managed by Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) [1] (#cite_note-Wilhelmina1-1) and Brigitte Models. [2] (#cite_note-BrigitteModels1-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "KATYA ZHARKOVA - Wilhelmina Models" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140423053020/http://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=ny&sexid=2&subid=10167&mainsubid=10167&modelid=586078&spec=0) . Wilhelmina Models. Archived from the original (https://www.wilhelmina.com/portfolio.aspx?c=ny&sexid=2&subid=10167&mainsubid=10167&modelid=586078&spec=0) on 23 April 2014 . Retrieved 21 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Brigitte Models > Katya" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171223215923/http://www.brigittemodels.com/detail.php?id=309&g=3&go=50&end=10&buchstabe=K&wer=50) . Brigitte Models. Archived from the original (http://www.brigittemodels.com/detail.php?id=309&g=3&go=50&end=10&buchstabe=K&wer=50) on 23 December 2017 . Retrieved 21 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-bio_3-0) Biography (http://www.zharkova.com/index.php/biography) Archived (https://archive.today/20130210011701/http://www.zharkova.com/index.php/biography) 2013-02-10 at archive.today (/wiki/Archive.today) , www.zharkova.com. Retrieved 2012-01-16 ^ (#cite_ref-4) http://issuu.com/plusmodelmag/docs/plus_model_magazine_plus_size_january_2012/61 (http://issuu.com/plusmodelmag/docs/plus_model_magazine_plus_size_january_2012/61) Plus Model Magazine Jan 2012 Issue ^ (#cite_ref-MarieClaire_5-0) "Curve d'ascolto Le nuove muse del web lottano per il diritto di essere sexy anche oltre la small" (http://www.marieclaire.it/Moda/fashion-blogger-curvy-chi-sono-Marina-Rinaldi-Women-Are-Back) (in Italian). Italian Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . 17 September 2013 . Retrieved 21 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Plus Size Magazine?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160809043556/http://www.vegmomos.com/supermodels-with-large-hips/3/) . Katya Zarkhova. 9 Dec 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.vegmomos.com/supermodels-with-large-hips/3/) on 9 August 2016 . Retrieved 9 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Our Interview with Russian Model Katya Zharkova (http://plussizemodelsunite.com/2011/03/17/our-interview-with-russian-model-katya-zharkova/) Archived (https://archive.today/20120716132737/http://plussizemodelsunite.com/2011/03/17/our-interview-with-russian-model-katya-zharkova/) 2012-07-16 at archive.today (/wiki/Archive.today) Plus-Size Models Unite , March 17, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Katya Zharkova in Cosmopolitan Russia?" (http://www.stylehasnosize.com/2013/home/katya-zharkova-in-cosmopolitan-russia/) . Style Has No Size. 5 July 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "PLUS Model Magazine - PLUS Model Magazine - December 2013 Holiday Issue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131212161158/http://plusmodel.uberflip.com/i/219771/82) . Archived from the original (http://plusmodel.uberflip.com/i/219771/82) on 2013-12-12 . Retrieved 2013-12-07 . Plus Model Magazine Dec 2013 Women of the Year 2013 Sources [ edit ] http://en.cilantro.ru/2016/01/20/plus-size-model-katya-zharkova/ (http://en.cilantro.ru/2016/01/20/plus-size-model-katya-zharkova/) http://thestylejungle.ru/post/801 (http://thestylejungle.ru/post/801) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.zharkova.com) Plus Size Models (https://web.archive.org/web/20160809043556/http://www.vegmomos.com/supermodels-with-large-hips/3/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐nnmkd Cached time: 20240711034927 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.412 seconds Real time usage: 0.548 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2263/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22953/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3187/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28482/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.311/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21160855/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 525.879 1 -total 40.69% 213.990 1 Template:Infobox_model 24.55% 129.124 1 Template:Reflist 20.42% 107.406 1 Template:Lang-be 19.04% 100.148 6 Template:Cite_web 13.31% 69.973 1 Template:Short_description 8.40% 44.162 1 Template:Infobox 7.69% 40.464 2 Template:Pagetype 6.09% 32.015 1 Template:Height 6.04% 31.753 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34365598-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711034927 and revision id 1152147855. 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Amuzgo hand woven huipils on display at the Xochistlahuaca Community Museum Amuzgo textiles are those created by the Amuzgo (/wiki/Amuzgo_people) indigenous people who live in the Mexican states of Guerrero (/wiki/Guerrero) and Oaxaca (/wiki/Oaxaca) . The history of this craft extends to the pre-Columbian period (/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Mexico) , which much preserved, as many Amuzgos, especially in Xochistlahuaca (/wiki/Xochistlahuaca) , still wear traditional clothing. However, the introduction of cheap commercial cloth has put the craft in danger as hand woven cloth with elaborate designs cannot compete as material for regular clothing. Since the 20th century, the Amuzgo weavers have mostly made cloth for family use, but they have also been developing specialty markets, such as to collectors and tourists for their product. One major player in this development is the Liaa’ Ljaa’ cooperative, which seeks to not only commercialize Amuzgo weaving but also preserve designs and traditional techniques, partnering with organizations such as the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (/wiki/Universidad_Aut%C3%B3noma_Metropolitana) (UAM) in Azcapotzalco (/wiki/Azcapotzalco) . Most weavings are still done with traditional designs and techniques and with natural fibers, principally cotton, and dyes. The Amuzgos [ edit ] Amuzgo women dressed in huipils preparing thread for weaving The Amuzgos live in the border region of southeastern Guerrero and southwestern Oaxaca, with about eighty percent in Guerrero. Most live in the municipalities of San Pedro Amuzgos (/wiki/San_Pedro_Amuzgos) , Putla (/wiki/Putla_Villa_de_Guerrero) and Santa María Ipalapa (/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Ipalapa) in Oaxaca and Xochistlahuaca and Ometepec (/wiki/Ometepec) in Guerrero. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) [2] (#cite_note-houston-2) The region is hot with rugged terrain with tropical forest whose leaves drop during the dry season. It has various small rivers and streams. The Amuzgo practice subsistence agriculture based on corn, beans and chili peppers with some other cash crops such as sesame seed and tropical fruits. The region is not purely Amuzgo as Triquis (/wiki/Triqui_people) , Tlapanecs (/wiki/Tlapanec_people) , Mixtecs (/wiki/Mixtec_people) , Chatinos (/wiki/Chatino_people) and Nahuas (/wiki/Nahua_peoples) . [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) One name the Amuzgo have for themselves is Tzjon non, especially in San Pedro Amuzgos, which means “people of the textiles.” [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) [2] (#cite_note-houston-2) There are about 35,000 speakers of the Amuzgo language (/wiki/Amuzgo_language) . The religion is Catholicism with indigenous elements such as a belief in good and evil spirits which can cause or cure disease, rain or drought and more. The largest community of Amuzgos is in the municipality of Xochistlahuaca in Guerrero. Many houses are of adobe on narrow streets on steep hills. The Amuzgos here have maintained most of their culture in its food, family structure, language and religious beliefs. Since 1996, Xochistlahuaca has hosted a regional gathering of Amuzgos to promote regional social, political and economic development. The town also has a community museum which has a number of pre Hispanic pieces. The children receive primary school education in both Spanish and Amuzgo. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) Textiles are an important part of Amuzgo culture and economy, although other handcrafts such as ceramics. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) Although weaving is painstaking and time-consuming, most Amuzgo women do it along with farming and household chores because it brings in money to the household, and the labors of men in the fields growing corn, beans, squash and cotton is not enough. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) Cotton is highly valued by the Amuzgos, not only for its economic value but also because it is considered to be in harmony with the human body and soft to the touch. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) Most of Xochistlahuaca inhabitants, especially the women, still wear traditional garb. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) The most notable of these is the huipil (/wiki/Huipil) , a kind of long tunic, which is called “cheyno” in Amuzgo. This word means a cloth that covers a woman, and is considered to be an expression of the wearer. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) [5] (#cite_note-alma-5) There are two types of huipils: everyday and those for special occasions, and both can be elaborately decorated. [5] (#cite_note-alma-5) Preservation and marketing [ edit ] Juana Santa Ana Guerrero of the Liaa' Ljaa' at the Museo de Arte Popular (/wiki/Museo_de_Arte_Popular) . Most textiles made in Amuzgo homes is still for family use, especially huipils. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) However, the craft is in danger because machine made cloth is much cheaper, and as everyday clothing, traditional hand woven cloth cannot compete in the market outside the home. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) Starting in the latter 20th century, huipils and other traditional clothing for sale has been targeted to specialty markets such as to scholars like anthropologists, rich Mexican woman who wear them for civic holidays and to tourists from various parts of the world including those who travel to Xochistlahuaca to buy. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) [7] (#cite_note-reclaman-7) Amuzgo textile production and efforts at preservation are strongest in Xochistlahuaca, with the oldest and most complex designs mostly known only to the oldest weavers in this municipality. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) The weavers of this town have made efforts to preserve these designs and pass them onto the younger generations. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) One major development in the preservation and promotion of Amuzgo textiles was the formation of the Liaa’ Ljaa’ cooperative in 1996. The name is from Amuzgo and means "materials of flowers". [8] (#cite_note-enlaces-8) The cooperative today have fifty nine members representing fifty nine families, which totals about 160 people, only forty of which are men. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) This cooperative exists to avoid middlemen, selling more directly to the market for higher prices as well as promote efforts to preserve traditional designs and techniques using natural fibers and dyes. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) The group weaves elaborate huipils, blouses, skirts, rebozos (/wiki/Rebozo) , bedcovers, tablecloths and napkins, and works together to commercialize them. [8] (#cite_note-enlaces-8) However, the most important item remains the huipil both for use by the Amuzgo women and by collectors. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) The Amuzgo have taken steps to have their weavings received a “denomination of origin” so that this style of weaving is only authentically produced in Amuzgo territory, similar to the denomination of origin afforded to Talavera pottery (/wiki/Talavera_(pottery)) . [8] (#cite_note-enlaces-8) They have also worked to create new designs and new items, such as pants and rugs for commercialization purposes with support from government and other sources. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) [7] (#cite_note-reclaman-7) One of these is the cooperation between Liaa’ Ljaa’ and the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, which aims to preserve Amuzgo textiles and other aspects of Amuzgo culture. The UAM library has a collection of original textiles, along with a catalog of 244 traditional designs used on clothing and other textiles, with photographs in the possession of the Xochistlahuaca Community Museum. The collaboration works to preserve traditional designs which are not often done because they are complex, time-consuming and/or costly to make. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) Weavers from Xochistlahuaca have received support and awards for their work. Sources of support include Programa Nacional de Arte Popular of the DGCP, Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas (/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_para_el_Desarrollo_de_los_Pueblos_Ind%C3%ADgenas) , and the Programa de Fondos Culturales. The last has a program called "Fortalecimiento Cultural" which aims to recompile and register traditional designs to keep the oldest and most complicated from being forgotten. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) A number of weavers from the community have received prizes for their work including the 2004 Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes (/wiki/Premio_Nacional_de_Ciencias_y_Artes) awarded to the cooperative as a whole. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) The work has been exhibited in museums such as the Museo Regional de Guerrero. [9] (#cite_note-muestran-9) Estela Pineda participated in the XVI Muestra Iberoamericana de Artesanía in Spain with a huipil made of coyochi cotton colored with vegetable dyes which was recognized as best textile. Plants used included indigo (/wiki/Indigo) , marigold (/wiki/Tagetes) flowers, roses and others. [10] (#cite_note-obtuvo-10) Florentina Lopez de Jesus won second place at the UNESCO (/wiki/UNESCO) handcraft prize in 2001 for Latin American and the Caribbean. [7] (#cite_note-reclaman-7) Designs [ edit ] The embroidery and weaving designs of Amuzgo textiles have significance and are passed down from generation to generation. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) [11] (#cite_note-artshistory-11) The designs found on the cloth made in Xochistlahuaca is some of the most traditional. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) The patterns identify various Amuzgo communities as well as Amuzgo identity, with the designs considered to be a kind of “alphabet” by Amuzgo weavers. This use of design is part of this people’s cultural heritage along with the weaving process itself. [8] (#cite_note-enlaces-8) Some of the designs can be traced back to images found on codices (/w/index.php?title=Aztec_c%C3%B3dices&action=edit&redlink=1) and pre Hispanic cultures. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) Most of the designs are based on the flora and fauna of the Costa Chica region of Guerrero (/wiki/Costa_Chica_of_Guerrero) , especially those near Xochistlahuaca. These include petate (/wiki/Petate) mat patterns, fretwork (/wiki/Fretwork) , suns, stars, mountains, rivers, dogs, horses, donkeys, turtles, water bugs, birds, double headed eagles and various flowers. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) There are mathematical formulas that create patterns such as “pata de perro” (a kind of leaf that grows along the Santa Catarina River), “flores de piedra” (stone flowers), curvas de cola de tortuga (turtle tail curls), “flores de pina” (pineapple flowers) and “patas de gato” (cats’ feet). These patterns can be found on huipils, blouses, skirts, napkins, rebozos and dresses. [7] (#cite_note-reclaman-7) An S pattern represents the feminine and indirectly, the earth. [5] (#cite_note-alma-5) Another common motif is the double headed eagle (/wiki/Double-headed_eagle) , which is based on a number of myths of the region. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) There are also newer designs which were created with the help of Beatriz Jimenez, a designer at UAM. [7] (#cite_note-reclaman-7) Process [ edit ] Amuzgo woman weaving a rebozo on a backstrap loom Like many other indigenous communities, people learn to create handcrafts as young children, with most boys learning to weave hammocks (/wiki/Hammock) and nets, but it is the girls that learn to make cloth on a backstrap loom (/wiki/Loom#Back_strap_loom) , learning from their mothers and grandmothers. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) [12] (#cite_note-cdigob-12) Most of the thread, the dyes and the tools used for weaving fabric are natural and include cotton, wood and even bird bones which function much like needles. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) White cotton is increasingly used but the most traditional variety is called “coyuche” which is naturally brown. The name comes from “coyote” as the color is similar to that to the animal. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) This variety of cotton is not used anywhere else in the world, but its use is less than the past and not used at all in many works. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) [8] (#cite_note-enlaces-8) This cotton is grown by the Amuzgo themselves, along with other crops. Cotton fiber is also often mixed with the fiber of a local plant called cacaloxuchitl. [4] (#cite_note-artesania-4) [5] (#cite_note-alma-5) Dyes are made from cochineal (/wiki/Cochineal) , branches from the nanche ( Byrsonima crassifolia (/wiki/Byrsonima_crassifolia) ) and almond (/wiki/Almond) tree and hay. [5] (#cite_note-alma-5) Generally, huipils made from cloth 45 cm wide take about four months to complete, working four hours a day. It sells for about 2,500 pesos (/wiki/Mexican_peso) . [7] (#cite_note-reclaman-7) All pieces are unique with no two exactly the same. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) The process of converting cotton into cloth is nearly the same as it was in the pre Hispanic period. The process starts with cleaning and beating the raw cotton fibers, then spinning them into thread using a supported spindle called a malacate (large whorl-less spindle which spins in a small cup). The thread is wound into skeins of yarn and dyed. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) The warp threads are wound, which determines the length of the cloth to be made as well as some of the colors that will be used. The weaving is done on a backstrap loom. One end of the warp threads are fastened to a wooden rod and the other end is held by a wood stick or rod which is then fastened to the weaver by a belt that goes around her back. The weaving is done by raising half the warp threads to create a space or shed through which the shuttle passes. To create two different sheds, the weaver uses a wood pole called a shed rod that half the warp passes over and string heddles tied to another wooden rod, that the other half of the warp passes through. Some designs are woven into the fabric by introducing an extra weft thread that may be brightly colored. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) There are four main weaving techniques. Simple huipils are made in brocade with extra or supplementary weft threads seen on both sides of the cloth. Napkins and tablecloths have one side completely smooth. A second type of huipil has areas of gauze weave (gauze is an open cloth stabilized with leno twists). The fourth is an all over gauze weave called concha de armadillos with the design in the form of a diamond. [1] (#cite_note-rescate-1) Cloth destined for huipils is joined together by complicated and decorative hand stitching. [6] (#cite_note-tejedoras-6) In addition to designs woven into the cloth, clothing, napkins and more are further embellished with embroidery with designs depicting geometric figures, animals. [3] (#cite_note-colores-3) Most embroidery is done using commercial thread as it is cheaper. [5] (#cite_note-alma-5) Florentina López de Jesús [ edit ] The best known Amuzgo weaver from Xochistlahuaca is Florentina López de Jesús (/wiki/Florentina_L%C3%B3pez_de_Jes%C3%BAs) . Like most other girls in her area, she watched her mother weave as she sat by her side playing with skeins of cotton yarn. When she was an adult her weaving skills came to include techniques such as taffeta, simple weave, taletón (a variation of taffeta)and variations of gauze. Her specialty is gauze brocade in which various colored brocading weft threads are introduced to form designs. At first, her production was generally sold among her friends or done by special order as she had no permanent shop. After winning awards for her work starting in 1980, she began selling her pieces in Ometepec. Major awards include “Por siempre el rebozo” in 1991 and Las Manos de México in 1994 in the category of brocade. [13] (#cite_note-gmasters-13) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amuzgo textiles (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amuzgo_textiles) . References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Gonzalo J. Alarcón Vial (October 22, 2009). "Rescate de una tradición: estudio del lenguaje gráfico en la trama textil Amuzga" (http://fido.palermo.edu/servicios_dyc/publicacionesdc/vista/detalle_articulo.php?id_libro=14&id_articulo=5423) [Rescue of a tradition: study of the graphic language of Amuzgo textiles] (in Spanish). Italy: Universidad de Palermo . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ a b John P. Schmal. "Oaxaca: A land of diversity, 2" (http://www.houstonculture.org/mexico/oaxaca2.html) . Artes e Historia . Houston Texas: Houston Institute for Culture . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ a b c d e f g h "Donde se tejen los colores" [Where they weave colors]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. January 28, 2001. p. 6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Eduardo Gleason. "Artesanía amuzga en Xochistlahuaca (Guerrero)" (http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/artesania-amuzga-en-xochistlahuaca-guerrero.html) [Amuzgo handcrafts in Xochistlahuaca (Guerrero)] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ a b c d e f " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191759/http://azteca21.com/n/index.php/secciones/arte-y-cultura/9498) "Con el alma en un hilo. Textiles amuzgos de Xochistlahuaca", impresionante colección de huipiles" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191759/http://azteca21.com/n/index.php/secciones/arte-y-cultura/9498) ["With the soul in one thread. Amuzgo textiles of Xochistlahuaca," impressive collection of huipils]. Azteca 21 (in Spanish). Mexico City. December 26, 2008. Archived from the original (http://azteca21.com/n/index.php/secciones/arte-y-cultura/9498) on March 4, 2016 . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fernando García Álvarez. "Las tejedoras de sueños de Xochistlahuaca" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150622064607/http://www.culturaspopulareseindigenas.gob.mx/cp/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187:orejones-de-calabacitas&catid=59) [The weavers of dreams in Xochistlahuaca] (in Spanish). Mexico: Dirección General de las Culturas Populares. Archived from the original (http://www.culturaspopulareseindigenas.gob.mx/cp/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=187:orejones-de-calabacitas&catid=59) on June 22, 2015 . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ a b c d e f Lupita Aguilar (February 28, 2004). "Reclaman indigenas apoyo" [Indigenous demand support]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 4. ^ a b c d e Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. "Estudio del lenguaje grafico en la trama textil Amuzga Rescate de los diseños tradicionales amuzgos de Xochistlahuaca, Gro. de uso en los textiles elaborados en telar de cintura" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140913170200/http://www.iesalc.unesco.org.ve/index.php?option=com_fabrik&c=form&view=details&Itemid=502&fabrik=3&rowid=317&tableid=3&lang=es) [Study of the graphic language in Amuzgo textiles Rescue of traditional Amuzgo designs from Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero in use in textiles made on a backstrap loom] (in Spanish). UNESCO. Archived from the original (http://www.iesalc.unesco.org.ve/index.php?option=com_fabrik&c=form&view=details&Itemid=502&fabrik=3&rowid=317&tableid=3&lang=es) on September 13, 2014 . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-muestran_9-0) Marisol Wences Mina (December 13, 2008). "Muestran la tradición textil de Xochistlahuaca en Chilpancingo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081216013613/http://www.lajornadaguerrero.com.mx/2008/12/13/index.php?section=cultura&article=013n1cul) [Exhibiting tradition: texiles of Xochistlahuaca in Chilpancingo]. La Jornada de Guerrero (in Spanish). Chilpancingo. Archived from the original (http://www.lajornadaguerrero.com.mx/2008/12/13/index.php?section=cultura&article=013n1cul) on December 16, 2008 . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-obtuvo_10-0) "Obtuvo Estela Pineda en España Premio al Mejor Oficio de Arte Textil. Afirma que en cada huipil confeccionado va algo de ella misma" [Estela Pineda wins Premio al Mejor oficio de Arte Textil in Spain]. NOTIMEX (in Spanish). Mexico City. December 16, 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-artshistory_11-0) "El textil mexicano tradicional" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120525171554/http://www.arts-history.mx/sitios/index.php?id_sitio=7041&id_seccion=845583&id_subseccion=694068) [The traditional Mexican textile]. Artes e Historia (in Spanish). Mexico: CONACULTA. Archived from the original (http://www.arts-history.mx/sitios/index.php?id_sitio=7041&id_seccion=845583&id_subseccion=694068) on 2012-05-25 . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-cdigob_12-0) "Amuzgos - Tzjon Non" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131215031832/http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=582&Itemid=62) . Mexico: Comisiíon Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas. October 22, 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=582&Itemid=62) on December 15, 2013 . Retrieved April 15, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-gmasters_13-0) Fernández de Calderón, Cándida, ed. (2003). Great Masters of Mexican Folk Art: From the collection of Fomento Cultural Banamex (2 ed.). Mexico City: Fomento Cultural Banamex, A.C. pp. 359–360. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 968 5234 09 4 . v t e Mexican handcrafts and folk art (/wiki/Mexican_handcrafts_and_folk_art) Clay and ceramics Mexican ceramics (/wiki/Mexican_ceramics) Talavera pottery (/wiki/Talavera_pottery) Ceramics of Jalisco (/wiki/Ceramics_of_Jalisco) Mata Ortiz pottery (/wiki/Mata_Ortiz_pottery) Tree of Life (/wiki/Tree_of_Life_(Mexican_pottery)) Barro Negro pottery (/wiki/Barro_negro_pottery) Green glazed pottery of Atzompa (/wiki/Green_glazed_pottery_of_Atzompa) Pottery of Metepec (/wiki/Pottery_of_Metepec) Soteno family (/wiki/Soteno_family) Textiles and other fiber crafts Textiles of Mexico (/wiki/Textiles_of_Mexico) Basketry of Mexico (/wiki/Basketry_of_Mexico) Textiles of Oaxaca (/wiki/Textiles_of_Oaxaca) Amuzgo textiles Tenango embroidery (/wiki/Tenango_embroidery) Mexican rag doll (/wiki/Mexican_rag_doll) Petate (/wiki/Petate) Huipil (/wiki/Huipil) Rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) Quechquemitl (/wiki/Quechquemitl) Paper Piñata (/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata) Amate 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Find sources: "Gattinoni" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gattinoni%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gattinoni%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gattinoni%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gattinoni%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gattinoni%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gattinoni%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Gattinoni Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Founded 1946 ; 78 years ago ( 1946 ) Founder Fernanda Gattinoni (/wiki/Fernanda_Gattinoni) Headquarters Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Products Clothing – Fashion accessory - Footwear Website www (http://www.gattinoni.com) .gattinoni (http://www.gattinoni.com) .com (http://www.gattinoni.com) Gattinoni is an Italian fashion brand founded in 1946 by Fernanda Gattinoni (/wiki/Fernanda_Gattinoni) . In 1946 Fernanda Gattinoni chose a strategic location for her Maison, near the Hotel Excelsior. In this way, the designer was able to meet and dress illustrious people such as the American ambassador Clare Boothe Luce (/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce) , Evita Perón (/wiki/Evita_Per%C3%B3n) , the actresses Ingrid Bergman (/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman) , Anna Magnani (/wiki/Anna_Magnani) , Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) , Silvana Pampanini (/wiki/Silvana_Pampanini) , Lana Turner (/wiki/Lana_Turner) and Kim Novak (/wiki/Kim_Novak) . [1] (#cite_note-1) In 1996, a prêt-à-porter collection was added to the maison's high fashion line after the restyling of the label by Raniero Gattinoni, son of the brand's founder, and Stefano Dominella, current President of the maison, to whom the brands Gattinoni Boutique, Pret d'Immagine, Tempo, Gattinoni Basic, Gattinoni Softwear, Gattinoni Domus (household linen) and others were added. In 1997 the Gattinoni perfume was launched on the market, followed by an entire line of beauty products of the brand. In 1993, after the untimely death of Raniero Gattinoni, the young designer Guillermo Mariotto (/wiki/Guillermo_Mariotto) took over the creative direction of all the Gattinoni lines. [2] (#cite_note-2) Today he creatively directs and supervises the Gattinoni Couture line. In 2002, the Gattinoni fashion house designed the new army uniforms on behalf of the Italian Army (/wiki/Italian_Army) . [3] (#cite_note-3) This is the first time in history that this task has been entrusted to a fashion house. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Grazie a Gattinoni il Made in Italy affascina l’Oman (https://www.excellencemagazine.luxury/high-fashion/grazie-a-gattinoni-il-made-in-italy-affascina-loman/?lang=it) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Gattinoni (1944)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201026221942/https://moda.mam-e.it/dizionario-della-moda/gattinoni/) . moda.mam-e.it (in Italian). 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1992 Alexander McQueen fashion collection Pink frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) with thorn print from Jack the Ripper at Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) ( Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , 2011) Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims is the first collection by British designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , produced as the thesis collection for his master's degree (/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_the_United_Kingdom) in fashion at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) (CSM) art school. The collection's narrative was inspired by the victims of 19th-century London serial killer Jack the Ripper (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper) , with aesthetic inspiration from the fashion (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) , erotica (/wiki/Victorian_erotica) , and prostitution practices (/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom#19th_century) of the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) . The collection was presented on the runway at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) on 16 March 1992, as the second-to-last of the CSM graduate collections. Editor Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) was fascinated by the runway show (/wiki/Runway_show) and insisted on purchasing the entire collection, later becoming McQueen's friend and muse (/wiki/Muse_(source_of_inspiration)) . Jack the Ripper remains an object of critical analysis for its violent concept and styling. McQueen held on to the narrative and aesthetic tendencies he established in Jack the Ripper throughout his career, earning a reputation for producing narratively-driven collections inspired by macabre (/wiki/Macabre) aspects of history, art, and his own life. Items from Jack the Ripper , most notably a pink frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) with a thorn print, have appeared in the retrospectives Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) (2011 and 2015) and Isabella Blow: Fashion Galore! (2013) Background [ edit ] British designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) (born Lee Alexander McQueen; 1969–2010) was known in the fashion industry for his imaginative, sometimes controversial, designs and dramatic fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) . [1] (#cite_note-:17-1) [2] (#cite_note-:18-2) McQueen had a lifelong fascination with history, sexuality, violence, and death, which he translated into his designs from the beginning of his nearly twenty-year career to the very end. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014xv,_27-3) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201612-4) [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavané202198-5) McQueen's work was highly autobiographical (/wiki/Autobiography) : he incorporated elements of his memories, feelings, and family history into his designs and runway shows. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201585,_153,_329-6) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201652-7) In his early career, McQueen was often accused of misogyny for his extreme designs, a characterisation to which he consistently objected. [8] (#cite_note-TG-05-2022-8) [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason201232-9) [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElenowitz-Hess2022400-10) The son of a London taxicab driver (/wiki/Taxicab_driver) and a teacher, McQueen grew up in one of the poorer neighbourhoods in London's East End (/wiki/East_End_of_London) . [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201564-11) His upbringing was traumatic: he was a victim of childhood sexual abuse (/wiki/Childhood_sexual_abuse) and witnessed his sisters experiencing domestic violence (/wiki/Domestic_violence) from their partners. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201531–33-12) [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201567–68,_81-13) He began his career in fashion in 1984 as an apprentice with Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) tailors Anderson & Sheppard (/wiki/Anderson_%26_Sheppard) before briefly joining Gieves & Hawkes (/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes) as a pattern cutter (/wiki/Pattern_cutting) . [14] (#cite_note-doig-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) His work on Savile Row earned him a reputation as an expert tailor. [16] (#cite_note-BBCSixWays-16) McQueen left Savile Row in 1988, and spent the next two years in various entry-level positions in fashion. He worked briefly for the theatrical costumiers Angels and Bermans (/wiki/Angels_and_Bermans) . [17] (#cite_note-GuardianBoy-17) In 1989, at the age of 20, he was hired by experimental Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) -based designer Koji Tatsuno (/w/index.php?title=Koji_Tatsuno&action=edit&redlink=1) . [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201572-18) [19] (#cite_note-GuardianMcQueen2-19) He then worked under designer John McKitterick (/w/index.php?title=John_McKitterick&action=edit&redlink=1) , gaining experience with fetishwear (/wiki/Fetishwear) ; first at Red or Dead (/wiki/Red_or_Dead) , then at McKitterick's own label. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201612-4) [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201572-18) McQueen sought further experience in the industry, and McKitterick recommended he try for an apprenticeship in Italy, then the centre of the fashion world. [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201573-20) From March to July 1990, McQueen worked in Milan (/wiki/Milan) at the atelier (/wiki/Atelier) of designer Romeo Gigli (/wiki/Romeo_Gigli) . [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201574–75-21) [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201559–61-22) After resigning, he returned to McKitterick's label in London by August. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201578–79-23) When McQueen expressed interest in learning more about the fashion industry, McKitterick suggested he see Bobby Hillson (/wiki/Bobby_Hillson) , the founder and head of the masters (/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_the_United_Kingdom) course in fashion at London art school Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) (CSM). [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201579-24) [25] (#cite_note-vogue-25) Central Saint Martins [ edit ] McQueen turned up at CSM with a pile of sample clothing and no appointment, seeking a job teaching pattern cutting. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201568-26) [27] (#cite_note-GuardianBoy2-27) Hillson considered him too young for this, but based on the strength of his portfolio – and despite his lack of formal qualifications – accepted McQueen into the eighteen-month masters (/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_the_United_Kingdom) -level fashion design course. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201569-28) [25] (#cite_note-vogue-25) Unable to afford the tuition, he borrowed £4000 from his aunt Renee to cover it. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201570,_177-29) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201236-30) McQueen met a number of his future collaborators at CSM, including Simon Ungless, a friend and later roommate. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201612-4) [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014103-31) [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201569-32) CSM students at the master's level were expected to produce a graduation collection of at least six outfits as their thesis. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason20128-33) McQueen told Hillson that he intended to present clothing that was distressed and stained, so the models would look like survivors of a violent attack. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014xv–xvi-34) Although Hillson was dubious about the idea, she agreed to mentor him. Among other things, this meant quietly providing him with quality fabric from the CSM stores. He could not afford to buy his own, and lower-quality fabric would not have withstood the level of distressing McQueen was applying. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014xv–xvi-34) Students were required to provide a marketing report with their collections, outlining the rationale and business case (/wiki/Business_case) for their designs. [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201427-35) [36] (#cite_note-:1-36) McQueen instead presented a narrative which described how his mother's study of genealogy (/wiki/Genealogy) led him to discover that a distant relative of his had owned an inn and rented a room to one of Jack the Ripper's victims, although his professors doubted the story. [a] (#cite_note-38) [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201427-35) [38] (#cite_note-39) [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason20129-40) CSM professor Louise Wilson (/wiki/Louise_Wilson) , with whom McQueen had a contentious relationship, told author Andrew Wilson (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) that the cover of the report was decorated with McQueen's pubic hair (/wiki/Pubic_hair) . [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201580,_84-41) The report was, at some point, stolen from Wilson's office; she suspected that McQueen himself was responsible. [36] (#cite_note-:1-36) McQueen was not being shocking just to indulge himself. CSM's graduation shows were covered by the London press, and he wanted to exploit controversy to create publicity. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014xv,_28-42) This was a common tactic for London's young designers at the time. The country's fashion industry lacked infrastructure to support newcomers, forcing them to rely on extreme showmanship to draw media attention in the hopes of attracting financial backers. [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200370–71-43) Concept and collection [ edit ] The collection's narrative was inspired by the victims of 19th-century London serial killer Jack the Ripper (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper) , for whom it was titled. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan2014xv-44) [44] (#cite_note-:0-45) The show notes described Jack the Ripper as a "Day into eveningwear collection inspired by 19th century street walkers". [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERytter201559-46) McQueen took aesthetic inspiration for the garments from the fashion (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) , erotica (/wiki/Victorian_erotica) , and prostitution practices (/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom#19th_century) of the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) . [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239-47) [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201584-48) [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201586-49) His tight tailoring and sculptural elements echoed the Victorian style of shaping the body with corsets (/wiki/Corset) and bustles (/wiki/Bustle) . [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239-47) [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201585-50) McQueen and Ungless had a mutual interest in the famous 18th century sadomasochistic (/wiki/Sadomasochism) novel The 120 Days of Sodom (/wiki/The_120_Days_of_Sodom) and the 1975 film adaptation Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (/wiki/Sal%C3%B2,_or_the_120_Days_of_Sodom) , which played into the collection's brutal aesthetic. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239-47) [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201585-50) McQueen also drew on the 1985 novel Perfume (/wiki/Perfume_(novel)) , in which a genius perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) becomes a serial murderer of young women. [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonigman202170-51) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201581-37) McQueen also found inspiration in the work of other designers. McKitterick recalled him being "obsessed" with fellow British designer John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , whose work was known for being creative and theatrical. [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201238-52) [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015224-53) [53] (#cite_note-:02-54) Ungless disputes this to an extent, stating that McQueen disliked Galliano's designs, but wanted to outdo his achievements. [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201584-55) To a lesser extent, McQueen looked to Helmut Lang (/wiki/Helmut_Lang_(artist)) and Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) , who were then experimenting with a minimalist (/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)) style that was avant-garde (/wiki/Avant-garde) when compared to the maximalist styles of the 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) . [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201426-56) [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201583–84-57) He was also interested in the decadence and sexuality of Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201584-55) Victorian mourning brooch containing the hair of a deceased relative McQueen translated what he had learned from his various jobs directly into the collection: tailoring from Savile Row, complexity from Tatsuno, fetishwear from Red or Dead, and a decadent aesthetic from Gigli. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201585-50) He combined historicist (/wiki/Historicism_(art)) references to older styles such as frock coats (/wiki/Frock_coat) with modern elements like asymmetrical pleating or twisted fabric, and played rich colours against transparent fabrics. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201585-50) The collection's palette was primarily black and deep red, with mauve and red fabric used for lining (/wiki/Lining_(sewing)) . [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERytter201559-46) [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) Mauve is a Victorian mourning color, while using red for lining may have been an echo of the appearance of human flesh within the body. [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201585-50) [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend2015159-59) Blood splatter was represented by red beads, yarn, and paint. [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERytter201559-46) The garments were distressed (/wiki/Distressing) with burn marks and other damage. [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) [59] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201240–41-60) Some skirts were decorated with bricolage (/wiki/Bricolage) of photos from magazines, including a portrait of actor Johnny Depp (/wiki/Johnny_Depp) . [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) Feathers, gathered from Ungless's country home, were used as trim. [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201238-52) Several garments, including a pink frock coat, were lined with fabric which had human hair (/wiki/Human_hair) encapsulated within. [36] (#cite_note-:1-36) [60] (#cite_note-:2-61) [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend2015159-59) For the clothing tag (/wiki/Label#Textiles) on the items, he encased locks of hair (/wiki/Lock_of_hair) (claimed to be his own) inside of clear plastic squares. [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend2015159-59) The use of human hair referenced several historical practices: keeping a lock of hair as a memento or trophy, the Victorian-era practice of prostitutes selling their hair, and the Victorian use of hair jewellery (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) for mourning. [61] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015107-62) [62] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239–40-63) [63] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003223-64) Runway show and discovery [ edit ] Runway show [ edit ] At the time, CSM presented its graduation collections in a single show at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [64] (#cite_note-65) [65] (#cite_note-66) That year, it was held at the Duke of York's Headquarters (/wiki/Duke_of_York%27s_Headquarters) , London, on 16 March 1992; [b] (#cite_note-70) [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) [69] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201587-71) the day before McQueen's twenty-third birthday. [69] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201587-71) Jack the Ripper was presented in the CSM show's second-to-last slot. [69] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201587-71) The show was photographed by Niall McInerney (/wiki/Niall_McInerney_(photographer)) . [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERytter201559-46) [70] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003141-72) McQueen's mother Joyce and his aunt Renee attended the runway show. [71] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201583-73) A few other attendees would have a significant impact on McQueen's career. Magazine editor and stylist Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) immediately found herself fascinated by McQueen's work. [72] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason20129–10-74) [73] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201119-75) Jeweller Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) was invited to the CSM show by chance; he and McQueen later became friends and form a long-standing artistic collaboration. [74] (#cite_note-76) London artist Simon Costin loaned McQueen jewellery for the show, most notably his 1986 piece Memento Mori , made from bird claws, rabbit skulls, and synthetic jet (/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)) stones. [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) [75] (#cite_note-77) [76] (#cite_note-78) Other Costin pieces included a piece made with lacquered dried fish, another with dried baby iguanas and thrushes' wings, and a collar necklace made of preserved bird claws. [77] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003145,_149,_234-79) [78] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERytter201557-80) Students were expected to present a minimum of six outfits for a graduation collection; McQueen presented ten. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason20128-33) [79] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201587–88-81) The first outfit featured a black beaded bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) with an asymmetrical cut, paired with dark red skintight trousers (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) . The second was a shift (/wiki/Shift_(clothing)) in sheer black chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) worn over a black bra and a black chiffon pencil skirt (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) with feather trim, accessorised with a bird claw necklace by Costin. Next came a black satin frock coat with long pointed front panels and nothing underneath, worn over a photo collage hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) ; a tailored black jacket worn over a patchwork skirt; a red and black tunic (/wiki/Tunic) dress over torn tights; a tailored pink silk frock coat with a print of black thorns designed by Ungless, over a black bra and black satin trousers; a black tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) with red lining, with nothing underneath, worn over black satin trousers trimmed with red beads; a sheer black open-back sleeveless top with tight black trousers, all trimmed with feathers; a black coat with a wasp waist (/wiki/Wasp_waist) and sharply jutting peplum (/wiki/Peplum_jacket) , worn with a deep red beaded pencil skirt; and finally a sleeveless blouse in sheer dark red with black beaded epaulettes (/wiki/Epaulette) and high-waisted (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) black satin trousers. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239-47) [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) [79] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201587–88-81) Discovery by Isabella Blow [ edit ] Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) in 2005 Isabella Blow insisted on purchasing the entire collection; McQueen later recalled her as "this nutty lady" who "wouldn't stop badgering me" about it. [c] (#cite_note-84) [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) [73] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201119-75) Despite her aristocratic heritage, Blow lived in genteel poverty (/wiki/Genteel_poverty) , and was forced to pay McQueen in cash instalments. [66] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201428-67) [73] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201119-75) Blow described the arrangement in a 2005 interview: "He'd bring an outfit in a bin liner (/wiki/Bin_bag) , I'd look at it and then he’d come to the cash-point with me." [82] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox20108-85) The price Blow paid for the collection varies depending on the source. In her biography of McQueen, Judith Watt writes that Blow paid £450 for a single jacket and then £5000 in monthly instalments for the entire collection. [83] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201241-86) Author Katherine Knox reports that she paid approximately £400 per item, but does not say how many garments she bought. [82] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnox20108-85) Journalists Maureen Callahan (/wiki/Maureen_Callahan) and Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) both say that the £5000 figure was unrealistic for a brand-new designer, but disagree on who was responsible for the myth: Callahan points at McQueen, while Thomas reports that it was Blow who liked to exaggerate what she paid. [66] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201428-67) [80] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015101-82) Callahan gives the real price for the whole collection as £350. [66] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201428-67) Thomas reports that McQueen charged Blow £450, but is ambiguous as to whether this is for a single jacket or the entire collection. [80] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015101-82) Following the purchase, Blow took it upon herself to promote McQueen's work, becoming a combination of mentor and muse for the early part of McQueen's career. [44] (#cite_note-:0-45) [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) [73] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel201119-75) She wore his clothing around London and used it for photoshoots. When British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue produced a six-page spread about Blow's country house in November 1992, Blow and her husband were photographed in McQueen's clothing, including the pink thorn-print frock coat. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGleason20129-40) [84] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERytter201558–59-87) Reception and analysis [ edit ] In retrospect, those who viewed the show recall the collection as being strong, but not necessarily groundbreaking. Hillson felt that McQueen would have done better in a two-year programme to give him more time to come into himself as a designer. [83] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201241-86) Jane Rapley, then the head of CSM, found Jack the Ripper interesting but thought "it wasn’t heart-stopping". [83] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201241-86) Designer John McKitterick, who saw the clothing before the show, thought it was a solid collection. [83] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201241-86) Rapley believed it was Blow's attention that allowed McQueen to succeed at that time, as it provided him networking (/wiki/Business_networking) opportunities. [83] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201241-86) Louise Rytter notes that the show received minimal press attention, but Blow recognised it as something unique regardless. [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERytter201559-46) Fashion journalist Susannah Frankel (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) recalled contemporary press attention mostly focusing on the clothing designs, saying that criticism of the violent imagery did not emerge until later "because the press were looking for something to say later on". [85] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight20151:41–1:52-88) Most critical response has focused on the collection's unusual, violent narrative and styling. Some have connected the themes of sexuality and violence to McQueen's traumatic childhood. [86] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonigman202154-89) [87] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas201581-90) Author Ana Finel Honigman wrote that McQueen was "transcending but also retaining a history of horror" with his references to the past. In her view, the thorn-print frock coat depicted a "murder victim's hair floating in her own blood". [88] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonigman202154,_118-91) Fashion theorist Caroline Evans cited Jack the Ripper as an early example of McQueen's incorporation of "sex, death, and commerce" into fashion, and connected it to his Autumn/Winter 1996 collection Dante , which had similar themes. [89] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003141,_293-92) Judith Watt found a similarity between Jack the Ripper and the work of British designer John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , whose 1984 degree collection from CSM had drawn on the violence of the French First Republic (/wiki/French_First_Republic) (1792–1804). [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239-47) Fashion theorist Christopher Breward wrote that McQueen's decision to reference Jack the Ripper could be seen as unoriginal, given the killer's persistent influence on popular culture (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_in_fiction) , but concludes this would be an oversimplification. [90] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreward201543,_45-93) Theorist Mélissa Diaby Savané described McQueen's overall aesthetic as a "fantasy of ugliness", and noted that to this end, McQueen did not romanticise or beautify the prostitutes he was inspired by, instead presenting them "in all their vulgarity". [91] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavané202195-94) McQueen's use of his own hair has also drawn critical analysis. Evans wrote that McQueen conceived of his use of his own hair as his way of "giving himself to the collection". [70] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003141-72) Academic Chris McWade wrote that it took "the idea of investing oneself into one’s work to a literal end", serving as a means for McQueen to live on through his work both metaphorically and in a lesser sense literally. [92] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcWade202177-95) Writer Cassandra Atherton (/wiki/Cassandra_Atherton) described using several McQueen collections, including Jack the Ripper , in a university-level creative writing course to teach a connection between poetry and fashion, particularly how one can inspire the other. She noted that many of the students became fascinated with McQueen's use of hair and the history of hair in clothing and jewellery. [93] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtherton201247–49-96) Legacy [ edit ] What attracted me to Alexander was the way he takes ideas from the past and sabotages them with his cut to make them thoroughly new and in the context of today. It is the complexity and severity of his approach to cut that makes him so modern. He is like a Peeping Tom (/wiki/Peeping_Tom) in the way he slits and stabs at fabric to explore all the erogenous zones of the body. Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) , quoted in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , 1996 [94] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003142-97) Jack the Ripper was the only collection McQueen presented under his birth name, Lee A. McQueen. By the time he released his next collection, Taxi Driver (Autumn/Winter 1993), he had decided to design under his middle name, Alexander McQueen, which also became the name of his fashion house (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) . [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015304-58) [61] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015107-62) [95] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201256-98) McQueen held on to the narrative and aesthetic tendencies he established in Jack the Ripper throughout his career, earning a reputation for producing narratively-driven collections inspired by macabre (/wiki/Macabre) aspects of history, art, and his own life. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201612-4) [36] (#cite_note-:1-36) [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239-47) Tight tailoring and unusual cuts became a brand standard, as did frock coats. [96] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilcox201532-99) [97] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight20153:27–3:29-100) Frankel called out "the big shoulder, the dropped waist line, and the exposed midriff" seen in the collection's runway show as an early-career signature silhouette. [98] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight20153:34–3:49-101) The so-called three-point " origami (/wiki/Origami) " folded tail on the thorn-print coat appeared in later collections. [99] (#cite_note-:3-102) [100] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend2015159–161-103) He drew on the novel Perfume again for Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (Autumn/Winter 1995). [101] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015148-104) At times his references to Jack the Ripper were more direct. The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (Spring/Summer 1996) pointed back at Jack the Ripper through design elements like sharply-pointed collars, smears of blood, trimmings that imitated human flesh, and prints of thorns. [102] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBethune2015307-105) [103] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2015273-106) [104] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015145–146-107) Hair jewellery appeared again in Sarabande (/w/index.php?title=Sarabande_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)&action=edit&redlink=1) (Spring/Summer 2007). [99] (#cite_note-:3-102) [100] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETownsend2015159–161-103) Two of the frock coats, including the thorn-print frock, appeared at the retrospective exhibition Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) (staged in New York City in 2011 and in London in 2015, respectively). [105] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011232-108) They were loaned by socialite Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) , who purchased Blow's entire collection after her death in 2007. [106] (#cite_note-109) Items from the Blow archive, including the thorn-print coat and other items from Jack the Ripper , appeared in the 2013 retrospective Isabella Blow: Fashion Galore! at Somerset House (/wiki/Somerset_House) in London. [107] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2018114-110) During the staging process for this exhibition, the thorn-print coat was discovered to have a cigarette burn in its side. The curators opted not to remove it during the textile restoration (/wiki/Textile_restoration) process, as they felt the burn "was a portal into exploring how Blow wore her remarkable wardrobe with such apparent disregard". [107] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neill2018114-110) The thorn-print frock coat was photographed for a McQueen retrospective that appeared in the Spring/Summer 2015 issue of AnOther . It was styled with a pair of bumster trousers and the crown of thorns headpiece from Dante . [108] (#cite_note-111) When early McQueen employee Ruti Danan auctioned her personal archive in 2020, a pattern for one of the coats from Jack the Ripper sold for a reported US$3,025. [109] (#cite_note-112) [110] (#cite_note-113) In 2016, CSM student Tina Gorjanc presented her master's thesis project, Pure Human , which proposed to use McQueen's DNA, sourced from the hair used in Jack the Ripper garments, to grow skin tissue that would be made into leather goods (/wiki/Leather_goods) . [60] (#cite_note-:2-61) Gorjanc's project was strictly theoretical. Although she applied for a patent for the process which mentions McQueen's name, she never obtained his actual DNA, and all three prototypes she produced were made of pig skin. [111] (#cite_note-114) McWade describes this project as part of the "ghostly quality" that defines McQueen's posthumous legacy, in which he is often viewed as a haunting presence or is metaphorically resurrected. [92] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcWade202177-95) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-38) Some sources incorrectly write that McQueen claimed to have been distantly related to the actual victim. [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201427-35) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson201581-37) ^ (#cite_ref-70) Some sources provide a date of July 1992 and list the venue as the Olympia London (/wiki/Olympia_London) in Kensington (/wiki/Kensington) . [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt201239-47) [66] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahan201428-67) It is unclear where this originated from, but it appears to be erroneous, as London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in 1992 was held in March, and Central Saint Martins holds its graduation shows at Fashion Week. [67] (#cite_note-68) [68] (#cite_note-69) ^ (#cite_ref-84) Most sources say she purchased the entire collection. However, in her 2015 book Gods and Kings (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) , journalist Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) reports that Simon Ungless told her, "with authority", that it was not the entire collection, although she does not elaborate. [80] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2015101-82) In a 2015 interview, Susannah Frankel (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) also states that it was not the entire collection. [81] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight20151:25–1:37-83) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:17_1-0) "Alexander McQueen – an introduction" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-:18_2-0) Mora, Juliana Luna; Berry, Jess (2 September 2022). "Creative Direction Succession in Luxury Fashion: The Illusion of Immortality at Chanel and Alexander McQueen" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039) . Luxury . 9 (2–3): 126, 128, 132. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/20511817.2022.2194039 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20511817.2022.2194039) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2051-1817 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2051-1817) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahan2014xv,_27_3-0) Callahan 2014 (#CITEREFCallahan2014) , pp. xv, 27. ^ a b c d Fairer & Wilcox 2016 (#CITEREFFairerWilcox2016) , p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavané202198_5-0) Savané 2021 (#CITEREFSavané2021) , p. 98. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201585,_153,_329_6-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 85, 153, 329. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairerWilcox201652_7-0) Fairer & Wilcox 2016 (#CITEREFFairerWilcox2016) , p. 52. ^ (#cite_ref-TG-05-2022_8-0) Tonti, Lucianne (20 May 2022). "Major Alexander McQueen exhibition to open in Victoria in late 2022" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/20/major-alexander-mcqueen-exhibition-to-open-in-victoria-in-late-2022) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220908234605/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/20/major-alexander-mcqueen-exhibition-to-open-in-victoria-in-late-2022) from the original on 8 September 2022 . Retrieved 9 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGleason201232_9-0) Gleason 2012 (#CITEREFGleason2012) , p. 32. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElenowitz-Hess2022400_10-0) Elenowitz-Hess 2022 (#CITEREFElenowitz-Hess2022) , p. 400. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201564_11-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 64. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson201531–33_12-0) Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , p. 31–33. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201567–68,_81_13-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 67–68, 81. ^ (#cite_ref-doig_14-0) Doig, Stephen (30 January 2023). "How Alexander McQueen changed the world of fashion – by the people who knew him best" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230130171757/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/how-alexander-mcqueen-changed-world-fashion-people-who-knew/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived from the original (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/how-alexander-mcqueen-changed-world-fashion-people-who-knew/) on 30 January 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Carvell, Nick (26 May 2016). "Savile Row's best tailors: Alexander McQueen" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/alexander-mcqueen-savile-row-tailor) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210509010433/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/alexander-mcqueen-savile-row-tailor) from the original on 9 May 2021 . Retrieved 31 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBCSixWays_16-0) Vaidyanathan, Rajini (12 February 2010). "Six ways Alexander McQueen changed fashion" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) . BBC Magazine (/wiki/BBC_Magazine) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100222201747/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) from the original on 22 February 2010 . Retrieved 6 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-GuardianBoy_17-0) Cartner-Morley, Jess (19 September 2005). "Boy done good" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2005/sep/19/fashion.londonfashionweek) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130829173012/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2005/sep/19/fashion.londonfashionweek) from the original on 29 August 2013 . Retrieved 11 February 2010 . ^ a b Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 72. ^ (#cite_ref-GuardianMcQueen2_19-0) Tran, Mark (11 February 2010). "Fashion designer Alexander McQueen dies" (https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/feb/11/alexander-mcqueen-dies-fashion-designer) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100213005828/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/feb/11/alexander-mcqueen-dies-fashion-designer) from the original on 13 February 2010 . Retrieved 12 February 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201573_20-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 73. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201574–75_21-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 74–75. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson201559–61_22-0) Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , pp. 59–61. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201578–79_23-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , pp. 78–79. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas201579_24-0) Thomas 2015 (#CITEREFThomas2015) , p. 79. ^ a b Cooper, Michelle (6 August 2010). "Who's Who: Bobby Hillson" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/bobby-hillson) . Vogue.co.uk. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121003072354/http://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/bobby-hillson) from the original on 3 October 2012 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson201568_26-0) Wilson 2015 (#CITEREFWilson2015) , p. 68. ^ (#cite_ref-GuardianBoy2_27-0) Cartner-Morley, Jess (19 September 2005). "Boy done good" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2005/sep/19/fashion.londonfashionweek) . The Guardian . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130829173012/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2005/sep/19/fashion.londonfashionweek) from the original on 29 August 2013 . 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New York City: Harper Design (/wiki/Harper_Design) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84796-085-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 892706946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892706946) . Wilcox, Claire (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) , ed. (2015). Alexander McQueen . New York City: Abrams Books (/wiki/Abrams_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-1723-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 891618596 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891618596) . Bethune, Kate. "Encyclopedia of Collections". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 303–326. Breward, Christopher. "Su[i]ture: Tailoring & The Fashion Metropolis". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 57–59. Frankel, Susannah (/wiki/Susannah_Frankel) . "The Early Years". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 69–79. O'Neill, Alistair. "The Shining and Chic". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 261–280. Rytter, Louise. "Central Saint Martins". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 56–59. Townsend, Eleanor. "Memento Mori". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 159–163. Wilcox, Claire (/wiki/Claire_Wilcox) . "Edward Scissorhands". In Wilcox (2015) (#CITEREFWilcox2015) , pp. 25–33. Wilson, Andrew (/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(author)) (2015). Alexander McQueen: Blood Beneath the Skin . New York City: Simon and Schuster (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4767-7674-3 . External links [ edit ] Alexander McQueen's graduate collection "Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims" for Central St. Martins, 1992 (https://www.tiktok.com/@documoda/video/7076208389214358790) , hosted by Documoda on TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) Isabella Blow: Fashion Galore! – Jack the Ripper Stalks his Victims on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1997) Joan (/wiki/Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1998) Mid-career The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1999) Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2000) The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) (S/S 2002) Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2003) Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) (A/W 2004) Final works Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2006) The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) (A/W 2006) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) (A/W 2008) Designs Armadillo shoe (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) Bumster (/wiki/Bumster) Illusion of Kate Moss (/wiki/Illusion_of_Kate_Moss) Oyster dress (/wiki/Oyster_dress) No. 13 finale (/wiki/No._13_Finale) Union Jack coat (/wiki/Earthling_(album)) In media Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(play)) (2015 play) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) (2018 documentary film) Related articles Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy) ‡S/S = Spring/Summer †A/W = Autumn/Winter NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐srqx7 Cached time: 20240720171116 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.998 seconds Real time usage: 1.143 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11792/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 167931/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 17243/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 235493/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.597/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7989134/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1002.216 1 -total 32.84% 329.104 140 Template:Sfn 27.02% 270.754 2 Template:Reflist 13.31% 133.405 14 Template:Cite_web 7.82% 78.355 1 Template:Alexander_McQueen 7.81% 78.308 2 Template:Navbox 6.20% 62.186 150 Template:Main_other 5.72% 57.356 1 Template:Short_description 5.07% 50.830 12 Template:Cite_book 4.53% 45.359 11 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74687304-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720171116 and revision id 1231945472. 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British fashion designer (born 1943) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) relies on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . You can help by adding reliable sources to this article. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately . ( September 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Christopher McDonnell Born 1943 Occupation(s) Fashion designer; fashion journalist and academic Christopher McDonnell is a British fashion designer who operated in the UK between the 1960s and 1980s. In the US, he was known under his own name, and in the UK he operated under the brand name Marrian-McDonnell before switching to an eponymous label in 1973. Establishing a niche for sophisticated clothes in choice fabrics with a French approach to tailoring and style, McDonnell's designs were described by Angela Neustatter in 1973 as having a classic quality that set him apart from many of his contemporaries: "Christopher's clothes are not for the so-called 'beautiful' people; they are for people who just want to look beautiful – and there is a difference. We are all tired of fashion revolutions." [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Modlinger_130373-1) Background and early career [ edit ] Christopher McDonnell studied architecture before moving on to a fashion degree at the Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) under Janey Ironside (/wiki/Janey_Ironside) . [2] (#cite_note-Observer_Boyd-2) His first job after graduating was with the magazine Queen (/wiki/Queen_(magazine)) , then owned by Jocelyn Stevens (/wiki/Jocelyn_Stevens) , working on the fashion team led by Lady Clare Rendlesham. [3] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Adburgham_301071-3) [4] (#cite_note-Guardian_Modlinger-4) Launch of own label [ edit ] In 1967, McDonnell established his fashion business close to Sloane Square (/wiki/Sloane_Square) with two friends Peter and Mary-Anne Marrian acting as business partners. [2] (#cite_note-Observer_Boyd-2) His first collection was attended by a London correspondent of American fashion trade magazine Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) (WWD) , who returned the next day with colleagues from New York. This resulted in a double-page spread in WWD and a tie-in with Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , which made McDonnell's name more familiar in the US than the UK in the early days. [3] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Adburgham_301071-3) The company he'd co-founded was known as Marrian-McDonnell initially to reflect the business partnership, while in the US the brand was always known as Christopher McDonnell. [3] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Adburgham_301071-3) In 1970, as part of the short-lived London Designer Collections (a successor to the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers (/wiki/Incorporated_Society_of_London_Fashion_Designers) ), McDonnell showcased his work in a fashion show alongside designs by, among others, Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) , Ossie Clark (/wiki/Ossie_Clark) , Alice Pollock (/wiki/Alice_Pollock) , Thea Porter (/wiki/Thea_Porter) , Gina Fratini (/wiki/Gina_Fratini) and Caroline Charles (/wiki/Caroline_Charles) . [5] (#cite_note-Style_Capital_O'Byrne-5) In 1971, he was among eleven UK fashion designers chosen for an exhibition showcasing British talent at The Louvre (/wiki/The_Louvre) – at the invitation of the director of Musée des Arts Décoratifs (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris) – entitled L'Idee de la Forme . Other designers included Barbara Hulanicki (/wiki/Barbara_Hulanicki) , Bill Gibb (/wiki/Bill_Gibb) , Jean Muir (/wiki/Jean_Muir) and Beatrice Bellini for Women's Home Industries (/wiki/Women%27s_Home_Industries) – McDonnell chose to show an outfit comprising tweed tunic, tapestry-patterned sweater, blouson short pants with leggings and long doeskin cape. [6] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_58134-6) In November 1971, a feature in The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) compared McDonnell's fashion direction to that of Jean Muir and said he planned to launch four collections a year. By this stage, McDonnell was also teaching at the Royal College of Art and his garments were stocked by the London tailor Simpsons of Piccadilly (/wiki/Simpsons_of_Piccadilly) . [3] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Adburgham_301071-3) Writing in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) in 1972, Prudence Glynn (/wiki/Prudence_Glynn) described Marrian-McDonnell as a rarity in London, representing what many saw as the future of the fashion retail business: "It carries a range of clothes and accessories either all designed within the firm or very tightly edited to fit in with a recognizable style. The shops are small, individual and closely geared to the needs and tastes of a particular customer, who could always go there and know that she could find her kind of clothes." [7] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_58396-7) A second Marrian-McDonnell store opened in South Molton Street (/wiki/South_Molton_Street) in 1972. [2] (#cite_note-Observer_Boyd-2) In 1973, the partnership with the Marrians was dissolved and McDonnell began trading in the UK under the brand name Christopher McDonnell Ltd, establishing a short-lived partnership with Graham Fraser (Fraser was formerly associated with Feathers boutique and later co-founded the label Workers for Freedom (/wiki/Workers_for_Freedom) with McDonnell's one-time assistant Richard Nott). [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Modlinger_130373-1) [8] (#cite_note-FE_Woram_James-8) [7] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_58396-7) That year, McDonnell also produced a branded diffusion line for the raincoat maker Quelrayn, including embroidered cotton, velvet and seersucker coats. [9] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Modlinger_200373-9) Label hallmarks [ edit ] Once described as the English Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) for his French approach to tailoring and fabrics, McDonnell's design inspiration was Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) and he said his aim was to design clothes that could be worn by women between the ages of 18 and 45. [3] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Adburgham_301071-3) [10] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Neustatter_140175-10) The label became well known for its woollen and jersey knitwear and its use of fine materials such as tweed and silk – although it also responded to fashion trends such as the early '70s craze for cheesecloth (/wiki/Cheesecloth) and calico (/wiki/Calico_(textile)) . [11] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Neustatter-11) [12] (#cite_note-Guardian_Neustatter-12) By 1973, an article in The Guardian noted he had carved a niche for daywear, in contrast to a focus on eveningwear by many designer contemporaries, and was the first British designer to produce a classic silk shirt for women. The article added: "He has a feeling for fabrics, whipping up the luxury naturals...in pure silk, raw silk, heavy linens, cottons, natural wools and cashmeres...His day clothes provide the perfect balance of the tailored and the dressmakery." [1] (#cite_note-Guardian_Modlinger_130373-1) Purchase by Slater Walker [ edit ] In 1974, McDonnell's business was bought by the bank Slater Walker (/wiki/Slater_Walker) . [2] (#cite_note-Observer_Boyd-2) In 1975, with a flagship premises at 45 South Molton Street (/wiki/South_Molton_Street) , the brand was singled out – along with Jeff Banks (/wiki/Jeff_Banks) , Stephen Marks (/wiki/Stephen_Marks) and Stirling Cooper (/wiki/Stirling_Cooper) – as a fashion house likely to survive the arrival of cheaper mass-market and 'no label' brands. [10] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Neustatter_140175-10) At that stage, McDonnell's operation was smaller-scale than the other three – he handled everything from fabric selection to production of clothes. He had reduced his label's prices to compete in a market where increased manufacturing costs had narrowed the gap between high-end and high-street brands. [10] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Neustatter_140175-10) In common with Ossie Clark and many French fashion houses, he had a manufacturing operation in Hong Kong. [13] (#cite_note-Guardian_Neustatter_090376-13) By 1976, Slater Walker was mired in financial difficulties, having been bailed out by the Bank of England (/wiki/Bank_of_England) , and abruptly withdrew from its venture with Christopher McDonnell, leaving him – as he said in 1980 – "completely broke". He had to negotiate to get his brand name back, as it was by then owned by Haw Par Corporation (/wiki/Haw_Par_Corporation) under the Singapore group umbrella. [2] (#cite_note-Observer_Boyd-2) [14] (#cite_note-Times_60208-14) McDonnell collaborated with coatmaker Andre Peters to produce a designer label collection, before working abroad for two years. He returned to the UK in 1980 and produced a co-branded autumn collection for the couturier Mattli (/wiki/Mattli) . [2] (#cite_note-Observer_Boyd-2) Later career [ edit ] Christopher McDonnell continued working in the fashion industry before becoming a fashion academic at Savannah College of Art and Design (/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design) . [15] (#cite_note-Petersons-15) [16] (#cite_note-District_SCAD-16) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Modlinger, Jackie (13 March 1973). "Label Fable". The Guardian . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Boyd, Ann (10 August 1980). "Past the fall". The Observer . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Adburgham, Alison (30 October 1971). "Man on the Inside". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_Modlinger_4-0) Modlinger, Jackie (26 June 1973). "Fashion Guardian: End of term rags". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-Style_Capital_O'Byrne_5-0) O'Byrne, Robert (2009). Style City: How London Became a Fashion Capital . London: Francis Lincoln. p. 48. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780711228955 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_58134_6-0) Glynn, Prudence (30 March 1971). "Brittania Crosses the Waves". The Times . No. 58134. ^ Jump up to: a b Glynn, Prudence (8 February 1972). "Going Private". The Times . No. 58396. ^ (#cite_ref-FE_Woram_James_8-0) Woram, Catherine; James, Owen. "Workers for Freedom" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Vi-Z/Workers-for-Freedom.html) . Fashion Encyclopedia . Retrieved 18 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Modlinger_200373_9-0) Modlinger, Jackie (20 March 1973). "Limited Editions". The Guardian . ^ Jump up to: a b c Neustatter, Angela (14 January 1975). "Four Score". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_Neustatter_11-0) Neustatter, Angela (10 June 1975). "Shuttle Craft". The Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_Neustatter_12-0) Neustatter, Angela (25 June 1974). "Fashion archive: don't mock the smock" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/jun/20/smock-fashion-archive-1974) . The Guardian . Retrieved 17 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_Neustatter_090376_13-0) Neustatter, Angela (9 March 1976). "Eastern Promise". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-Times_60208_14-0) "Hopes and fears of another year". The Times . No. 60208. 12 January 1978. ^ (#cite_ref-Petersons_15-0) "Savannah College of Art and Design Graduate School" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141019135248/http://den-oweb.petersons.com/ccc92/display_pdf?p_instance_id=175981.pdf) (PDF) . petersons.com . Petersons. Archived from the original (http://den-oweb.petersons.com/ccc92/display_pdf?p_instance_id=175981.pdf) (PDF) on 19 October 2014 . Retrieved 19 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-District_SCAD_16-0) "SCAD Museum of Art dons its little black dress" (http://scaddistrict.com/scad-museum-of-art-dons-its-little-black-dress/) . SCA District. 29 September 2012 . Retrieved 18 October 2014 . External links [ edit ] Marrian-McDonnell profile and images at Get Some Vintage-a-Peel (https://emmapeelpants.wordpress.com/category/christopher-mcdonnell/page/2/) Christopher McDonnell faculty page at SCAD (https://web.archive.org/web/20141019135223/https://www.scad.edu/academics/faculty/christopher-mcdonnell) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐24ktf Cached time: 20240715122331 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.395 seconds Real time usage: 0.514 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2410/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26357/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1167/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 62039/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.245/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7005692/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 482.793 1 -total 36.88% 178.041 1 Template:Reflist 27.86% 134.485 12 Template:Cite_news 23.82% 115.009 1 Template:Infobox_person 18.44% 89.032 1 Template:Short_description 10.59% 51.125 1 Template:BLP_one_source 9.53% 46.010 1 Template:Ambox 9.40% 45.402 17 Template:Main_other 9.20% 44.394 2 Template:Pagetype 5.72% 27.594 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44153423-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715122331 and revision id 1158483838. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_McDonnell&oldid=1158483838 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_McDonnell&oldid=1158483838) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1943 births (/wiki/Category:1943_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) English fashion designers (/wiki/Category:English_fashion_designers) English fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:English_fashion_journalists) Alumni of the Royal College of Art (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_Royal_College_of_Art) 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) 1970s fashion (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) 1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) BLP articles lacking sources from September 2018 (/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_September_2018) All BLP articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources) EngvarB from April 2015 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_April_2015) Use dmy dates from April 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2015) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
Ribbon This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Algerian_Kardoun&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Algerian+Kardoun&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Algerian+Kardoun) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Algerian_Kardoun) for suggestions. ( March 2024 ) Kardoune Traditional Algerian kardoun. Alternative names Kardoune, Kardoun, Kerdoune, Qardoun Place of origin Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) Kardoun or Qardoun is a traditional Algerian hair accessory that is used to protect the hair and keep it straight. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) It is a long, narrow ribbon made of silk or cotton, usually red and orange, [3] (#cite_note-3) wrapped tightly around the head to flatten the hair and keep it in place. [4] (#cite_note-4) The ribbon is usually worn under a scarf or other head covering. The word "qardoun" comes from the Arabic word "qarad", which means to straighten or flatten. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The use of kardoun in Algeria dates back to the early 1800s, [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) and it is still a popular hair accessory among Algerian women today. This is a cold straightening method that involves holding the hair tightly and for an extended period of time. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) To use a kardoun, the hair is first brushed and gathered at the back of the head. The qardoun ribbon is then wrapped tightly around the head, starting from the root of the ponytail and working towards the ends. The ribbon is wrapped multiple times to create a flat and smooth surface, and then secured in place. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) In addition to being a practical hair accessory, kardoun is also a symbol of Algerian cultural identity and heritage. Many Algerian women take pride in wearing the kardoun as a way to connect with their cultural roots and express their individuality. [15] (#cite_note-15) The Algerian hair accessory has been featured in pop culture and fashion in recent years. In 2019, the British fashion brand ASOS released a range of headscarves inspired by North African and Middle Eastern cultures, which included the use of kardoun in their designs. In addition, several fashion bloggers and influencers have incorporated the kardoun into their hairstyles and showcased it on social media platforms such as Instagram. [16] (#cite_note-16) The kardoun has also been highlighted in various cultural events and exhibitions, such as the "North Africa United" event in Paris in 2018. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Le Kardoune, Méthode Algérienne pour lisser les cheveux naturellement" (https://topdestinationsalgerie.com/le-kardoune-methode-algerienne-pour-lisser-les-cheveux-naturellement/) . topdestinationsalgerie.com . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Truquin, Norbert (1888). Mémoires et aventures d'un prolétaire à travers la Révolution: l'Algérie, la République Argentine et le Paraguay (in French). Bouriand. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sovadrevna, Emeline (2016-10-28). 14 commandements pour prendre soin de ses cheveux naturellement (in French). Fernand Lanore. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-85157-809-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) de VILLEFOSSE, Louis. "Sur le testament de Mounier." Europe 34.125 (1956): 196. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Quiminal, Catherine (1990). "Cultures dévoilées" (https://www.persee.fr/doc/homig_1142-852x_1990_num_1129_1_1419) . Hommes & Migrations . 1129 (1): 59–60. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3406/homig.1990.1419 (https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fhomig.1990.1419) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hatin, Eugène (1840). Histoire pittoresque de l'Algérie (in French). Bureau central de publication. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Kardoune cheveux: utilisation, bienfaits et plus encore" (https://deavita.fr/cheveux-et-coiffures/kardoune-cheveux-secret-naturel-algeriennes-criniere-lisse-soyeuse-393753/) . Des idées de l'intérieur, du jardin, de l'ameublement et de la décoration. (in French). 2021-08-02 . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Fisquet, Honoré (1842). Histoire de l'Algérie depuis les temps anciens jusqu'à nos jours, etc (in French). A la Direction. p. 88. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hatin, Eugène (1840). Histoire pittoresque de l'Algérie (in French). Bureau central de publication. p. 224. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Eze (pseud.), Gabriel d'; Èze (pseud.), Gabriel d'; Marcel, A. (1886). Histoire de la coiffure des femmes en France ... (in French). Ollendorff. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Boblin, Frédérique (2001). "QUATRE S{Oelig}URS : Hier, en Algérie, aujourd'hui, en France" (https://www.torrossa.com/it/resources/an/5122529) . Quatre S{Oelig}Urs (in Italian): 1–158. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Lisser ses cheveux sans chaleur? On a testé le kardoune et le plaquage mexicain" (https://www.rtbf.be/article/lisser-ses-cheveux-sans-chaleur-on-a-teste-le-kardoune-et-le-plaquage-mexicain-9887393) . RTBF (in French) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Marçais, Georges (1930). Le costume musulman d'Alger (in French). Plon. p. 110. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Boumaza, Ania (2022-12-14). "Une "influenceuse" française teste et approuve le kardoune algérien" (https://www.algerie360.com/une-influenceuse-francaise-teste-le-kardoune-algerien/) . www.algerie360.com (in French) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Khiari, Rabiaa. "Hair Culture in Algeria: An Overview". Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Benefits of Using A Kardoune, The Algerian Healthy Hair Straightening Method. – Socialunseen" (https://pev.ekc.mybluehost.me/the-benefits-of-using-a-kardoune/) . Retrieved 2024-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Come asciugare i capelli d'estate senza phon: i metodi per ricci e chiome lisce" (https://donna.fanpage.it/come-asciugare-i-capelli-destate-senza-phon-i-metodi-per-ricci-e-chiome-lisce/) . Donna Fanpage (in Italian) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Comment lisser ses cheveux sans chaleur ?" (https://www.cosmopolitan.fr/comment-lisser-ses-cheveux-sans-chaleur,2035601.asp) . Cosmopolitan.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . 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< User talk:Jesse Isaiah Thompson (/wiki/User_talk:Jesse_Isaiah_Thompson) Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) NA‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐67d4b74ff6‐wjkrg Cached time: 20240722140855 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.004 seconds CPU time usage: 0.085 seconds Real time usage: 0.122 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 119/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4712/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4867/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.063/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1385995/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 106.002 1 -total 100.00% 106.002 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.54% 1.630 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76821457-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722140855 and revision id 1222291370. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jesse_Isaiah_Thompson/sandbox&oldid=1222291370 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jesse_Isaiah_Thompson/sandbox&oldid=1222291370) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : NA-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) Hidden category: WikiProject banners without banner shells (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells)
Warren Gold Born Warren Allen Gold 17 January 1938 Died 2015 Nationality British Occupation fashion retailer Known for co-founder, Lord John (/wiki/Lord_John) Spouse Valerie Levey Children 6 including Lauren Gold (/wiki/Lauren_Gold) Relatives Harold Gold (brother) David Gold (brother) Warren Allen Gold (17 January 1938 – 2015) was a British fashion retailer, and with his brothers Harold and David founded the fashion chain Lord John (/wiki/Lord_John) . [1] (#cite_note-vintagefashionguild.org-1) [2] (#cite_note-drapersonline.com-2) Early life [ edit ] Warren Allen Gold was born in January 1938. [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] The first Lord John boutique was opened by Warren, Harold and David Gold in London's Carnaby Street (/wiki/Carnaby_Street) in 1963, and the choice of name led to litigation from John Stephen (/wiki/John_Stephen) who already owned several fashion shops in the street. [1] (#cite_note-vintagefashionguild.org-1) In 1967, the store had a three-storey high giant psychedelic (/wiki/Psychedelic_art) mural on the outside of the building, painted by the artist group Binder Edwards & Vaughan, known as BEV. [1] (#cite_note-vintagefashionguild.org-1) [2] (#cite_note-drapersonline.com-2) Lord John was very popular with mods (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) , and regular customers included the pop groups The Small Faces (/wiki/The_Small_Faces) , The Who (/wiki/The_Who) , and Brian Jones (/wiki/Brian_Jones) of the Rolling Stones (/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones) . [1] (#cite_note-vintagefashionguild.org-1) Lord John had eight shops by 1970, and grew to about 30 in the early 1970s, before being acquired by the retail group Raybeck (/w/index.php?title=Raybeck&action=edit&redlink=1) , who sold it to Next (/w/index.php?title=Next_(retail)&action=edit&redlink=1) in the mid-1980s, when they became Next stores. [2] (#cite_note-drapersonline.com-2) In the 1980s, the Gold brothers opened the Big Red Building (/w/index.php?title=Big_Red_Building&action=edit&redlink=1) on Petticoat Lane, and became early pioneers of the discount factory shop, before later relocating to Golders Green (/wiki/Golders_Green) as Gold's Factory Outlet, now run by Warren's son Jamie Gold. [2] (#cite_note-drapersonline.com-2) Personal life [ edit ] Gold married Valerie Levey, a fashion model, and they had three children, Lauren Gold (/wiki/Lauren_Gold) is a model and actress. His first wife was Barbara Sugarman and he had three daughters. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Vintage Fashion Guild : Label Resource : Lord John" (http://vintagefashionguild.org/label-resource/lord-john/) . Retrieved 18 March 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Obituary: Warren Gold, founder of Lord John" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/obituary-warren-gold-founder-of-lord-john/5075574.article) . Retrieved 18 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Warren Allen GOLD - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)" (https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/z6PY0_x1q2whDEfYnm9rZlHUoqs/appointments) . Retrieved 18 March 2017 . External links [ edit ] BBC video - Carnaby Street legend Warren Gold talks about dressing the Small Faces and John Lennon during the swinging sixties. (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p026yk84) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐jhwhk Cached time: 20240715040224 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.249 seconds Real time usage: 0.341 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1620/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8175/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 715/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14353/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.148/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3866715/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 325.880 1 -total 45.78% 149.185 1 Template:Infobox_person 36.59% 119.244 1 Template:Reflist 31.12% 101.407 3 Template:Cite_web 12.32% 40.139 1 Template:Wikidata_image 10.13% 33.002 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 7.64% 24.888 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.92% 19.280 1 Template:Authority_control 5.31% 17.293 15 Template:Main_other 3.79% 12.359 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53522689-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715040224 and revision id 1105621646. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warren_Gold&oldid=1105621646 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warren_Gold&oldid=1105621646) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1938 births (/wiki/Category:1938_births) 2015 deaths (/wiki/Category:2015_deaths) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from April 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2017) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is for articles about models (/wiki/Model_(person)) from Aruba (/wiki/Aruba) . Classification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification) : People (/wiki/Category:People) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:People_by_occupation) : Models (/wiki/Category:Models) : By nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) : Aruban Also: Aruba (/wiki/Category:Aruba) : People (/wiki/Category:Aruban_people) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:Aruban_people_by_occupation) : Models NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐tvjqt Cached time: 20240713121750 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.050 seconds Real time usage: 0.084 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 138/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2819/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 143/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1367/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 934395/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 73.021 1 -total 49.16% 35.899 1 Template:Portal 33.33% 24.336 1 Template:Fooian_fooers 23.90% 17.450 4 Template:Resolve_category_redirect 17.26% 12.605 1 Template:Category_explanation 14.91% 10.887 1 Template:Hatnote 3.99% 2.916 1 Template:COLON Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45689301-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713121750 and revision id 935342656. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. F Aruban female models (/wiki/Category:Aruban_female_models) ‎ (5 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Aruban_models&oldid=935342656 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Aruban_models&oldid=935342656) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Aruban people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Aruban_people_by_occupation) Models by nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) Caribbean models (/wiki/Category:Caribbean_models) Dutch models (/wiki/Category:Dutch_models)
Amélie of Orléans (/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_of_Orl%C3%A9ans) wearing the mantle The Mantle of Amélie of Orléans is a royal garment (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) , part of the Portuguese Crown Jewels (/wiki/Portuguese_Crown_Jewels) , that was fashioned for Queen Amélie of Portugal (/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_of_Orl%C3%A9ans) , consort of King Carlos I of Portugal (/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal) . History [ edit ] The mantle was a gift of the city of Paris (/wiki/Paris) to the Queen upon her marriage to Carlos, Prince Royal of Portugal (/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal) in 1886. She is known to have worn it on only two occasions: on 4 July 1892, during the ceremony at Necessidades Palace (/wiki/Necessidades_Palace) in which she was presented with the Golden Rose (/wiki/Golden_Rose) , conferred to her by Pope Leo XIII (/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII) ; and on 21 March 1899, during a gala reception at the Palace of Ajuda (/wiki/Palace_of_Ajuda) to celebrate her son Luís Filipe, Prince Royal (/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Filipe,_Prince_Royal_of_Portugal) 's 12th birthday. [1] (#cite_note-MatrizNet-1) The mantle has been kept in the National Coach Museum (/wiki/National_Coach_Museum) , in Lisbon (/wiki/Lisbon) , since 1936. [1] (#cite_note-MatrizNet-1) In 2018, as it was showing evident signs of deterioration (several tears, the silver embroidery had oxidised, the rose-coloured velvet had taken on a brownish tinge [2] (#cite_note-2) ), it underwent restoration. The necessary 6 thousand euros were donated by the Versailles Foundation (/w/index.php?title=Versailles_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1) , having been secured by the personal commitment of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (/wiki/Duarte_Pio,_Duke_of_Braganza) , Queen Amélie's godson. [3] (#cite_note-3) Details [ edit ] It is made of rose-coloured velvet with a satin lining in the same colour, and decorated with delicate silver embroidery in phytomorphic motifs all around; the edge is trimmed with satin frills. [1] (#cite_note-MatrizNet-1) See also [ edit ] Mantle of Luís I (/wiki/Mantle_of_Lu%C3%ADs_I) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Ficha de Inventário - Museu Nacional dos Coches (HD 0001): Manto régio da Rainha D. Amélia" (http://www.matriznet.dgpc.pt/MatrizNet/Objectos/ObjectosConsultar.aspx?IdReg=148308) . MatrizNet . Direcção-Geral do Património Cultural . Retrieved 22 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lúcio, Susana (1 December 2018). "A história do salvamento de um tesouro nacional" (https://www.sabado.pt/vida/detalhe/a-historia-do-salvamento-de-um-tesouro-nacional) [The story of how a national treasure was saved] (in Portuguese). Sábado (/wiki/S%C3%A1bado_(magazine)) . Retrieved 22 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Fundação Versailles paga na totalidade restauro do manto da rainha D. Amélia" (https://www.dn.pt/artes/fundacao-versailles-paga-na-totalidade-restauro-do-manto-da-rainha-d-amelia-9339007.html) [Versailles Foundation pays for the restoration of the mantle of Queen Amélie] (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias (/wiki/Di%C3%A1rio_de_Not%C3%ADcias) . 14 May 2018 . Retrieved 22 January 2020 . v t e Portuguese Crown Jewels (/wiki/Portuguese_Crown_Jewels) Crowns and Tiaras Crown of João VI (/wiki/Crown_of_Jo%C3%A3o_VI) Diadem of the Stars (/wiki/Diadem_of_the_Stars) Tiara of Maria II (/wiki/Tiara_of_Maria_II) Sceptres Sceptre of the Armillary (/wiki/Sceptre_of_the_Armillary) Sceptre of the Dragon (/wiki/Sceptre_of_the_Dragon) Mantles Mantle of João VI (/wiki/Mantle_of_Jo%C3%A3o_VI) Mantle of Luís I (/wiki/Mantle_of_Lu%C3%ADs_I) Mantle of Amélie of Orléans Miscellaneous Necklace of the Stars (/wiki/Necklace_of_the_Stars) Braganza Brooch (/wiki/Braganza_Brooch) Portuguese Diamond (/wiki/Portuguese_Diamond) Sancy Diamond (/wiki/Sancy) Former pieces of the Portuguese Crown Jewels are shown in italics NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐fzjgd Cached time: 20240713105500 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.213 seconds Real time usage: 0.284 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 312/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13706/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 93/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20738/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.150/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3464676/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 245.659 1 -total 49.18% 120.821 1 Template:Reflist 40.79% 100.203 3 Template:Cite_web 33.07% 81.229 1 Template:Portuguese_Crown_Jewels 32.39% 79.565 1 Template:Navbox 17.69% 43.450 1 Template:Authority_control 0.65% 1.600 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62892447-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713105500 and revision id 950640488. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mantle_of_Amélie_of_Orléans&oldid=950640488 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mantle_of_Amélie_of_Orléans&oldid=950640488) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Portuguese Crown Jewels (/wiki/Category:Portuguese_Crown_Jewels) Portuguese monarchy (/wiki/Category:Portuguese_monarchy) Hidden category: CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt))
Equipment and attire worn by sportive cyclists helmet (/wiki/Cycling_helmet) jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) gloves (/wiki/Cycling_gloves) bib shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) socks (/wiki/Socks) shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoes) A road cyclist wearing a typical summer cycling kit. Rear view of the summer cycling kit, featuring a jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) with back pockets and bib shorts with padding (/wiki/Cycling_pad) . In competitive cycling, the kit (or uniform) is the standard equipment and attire worn specifically by athletes participating in the sport (/wiki/Cycle_sport) . The outfits differ from the clothes worn in other forms of cycling, such as commuting and recreational cycling (for which people are likely to wear ordinary street clothes, [1] (#cite_note-lycra-1) perhaps with a coat or rain cape [2] (#cite_note-2) ). Competitive kit uses technical and performance materials and features to improve efficiency and comfort. The UCI (/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale) specify the kit and the design the riders use. [3] (#cite_note-3) Cycling kits have evolved significantly since the early days of the sport when participants wore wool jerseys. [4] (#cite_note-4) Recent advances in manufacturing and technology have enabled lighter, more comfortable, colourful and complex designs to be made. [5] (#cite_note-5) Cycling kits nowadays are made primarily with synthetic materials, such as Lycra (/wiki/Lycra) , which conforms to the body, thereby reducing drag by eliminating loose fabric as well as increase in comfort. [6] (#cite_note-6) Made-to-order custom kits with tailored cuts made to order are becoming increasingly common for individuals, clubs and teams to produce kits with custom designs. Notable brands include Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) , Castelli (/wiki/Castelli_(brand)) , Pearl Izumi (/wiki/Pearl_Izumi) , Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) and Santini SMS (/wiki/Santini_SMS) . Cycling kits in professional races (/wiki/Cycling_jerseys_of_professional_races) are usually featured with sponsor logos and advertising, and specific colours and/or patterns signify certain position or a leader in a race. In a race, cyclists pin number tags of the race on the back of the jersey (and another on the bike). [7] (#cite_note-7) To generate revenue for the professional teams, replica kits are generally made available for fans to purchase. Equipment for the cyclist [ edit ] Basic equipment [ edit ] The basic equipment set out in the UCI technical regulation guide (Section 3: riders’ clothing) includes a jersey with sleeves, a pair of shorts and possibly a skinsuit. [8] (#cite_note-8) Generally speaking, the typical summer cycling kit (whether racing or not) consists of: [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-approvedcycling-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Helmet (/wiki/Cycling_helmet) : head protection in case of a fall Cycling jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) : covering the torso Bib shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) or shorts for the lower half of the body and often includes pads (/wiki/Cycling_pad) for added comfort Skinsuit, an alternative one-piece combining the jersey and shorts commonly used in time trials Socks (/wiki/Socks) , typically medium length Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) : specialised shoes with stiff soles for efficient power transfer with cleats (/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)#Cycling_cleats) : to attach to the pedals (/wiki/Bicycle_pedal) and in spring/autumn the additional pieces: [11] (#cite_note-approvedcycling-11) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) : often thin and packable in the back pocket for colder or windy days Arm warmers (/wiki/Arm_warmer) : sleeves that can be worn separately Leg warmers (/wiki/Leg_warmers) : similar to leggings offering additional warmth Baselayer (/wiki/Layered_clothing#Inner_or_base_layer) : worn beneath the jersey and the straps of the bib shorts for additional warmth and in winter the additional pieces: [11] (#cite_note-approvedcycling-11) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Head warmer (/wiki/Cap#Sports) or cap: added protection from wind and rain, which may also cover the ears Neck warmer (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) : protection for the neck, instead of a scarf (that may fall off) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) : jackets can be thin or insulated, windproof and/or waterproof for chilly days Bib tights instead of bib shorts and leg warmers: insulated/lined, full length versions of the bib shorts Booties (/wiki/Cycling_shoe#Overshoes) (overshoes): neoprene or rubber shoe covers that keeps the shoes dry by preventing water ingress from sprays and/or rain Accessories [ edit ] The following optional pieces can be worn by the cyclist for additional comfort or performance monitoring: Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) : traditional cycling cap with a short brim that can be worn under the helmet Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) or transparent glasses for darker days Heart rate monitor (/wiki/Heart_rate_monitor) : which can be connected to and displayed on an activity tracker (/wiki/Activity_tracker) or a smartphone (/wiki/Smartphone) Gloves (/wiki/Cycling_glove) /mitts: offering additional grip and comfort and generally half finger in summer, full finger and/or insulated for winter Gallery [ edit ] helmet (/wiki/Cycling_helmet) jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) mitts (/wiki/Cycling_gloves) bib shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) socks (/wiki/Socks) shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoes) Example of a summer cycling kit. vest (/wiki/Gilet) arm warmers (/wiki/Arm_warmers) Typical spring/autumn cycling attire comprises the summer kit with an additional insulated vest and arm warmers. Also worn is a pair of sunglasses resting on the helmet vents. head warmer (/wiki/Cap#sports) neck warmer (/wiki/Neck_warmer) jacket (/wiki/Jacket) gloves (/wiki/Cycling_gloves) bib tights (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) booties (/wiki/Bootee) Typical winter cycling attire comprises head and neck warmers, gloves, jacket, bib tights and booties. See also [ edit ] Cycling in general Cycling (/wiki/Cycling) Cycling as a sport Road bicycle racing (/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing) Road cycling (/wiki/Road_cycling) Exercise clothing and fabrics Exercise dress (/wiki/Exercise_dress) Performance fabrics (/wiki/Performance_fabrics) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-lycra_1-0) Wagenbuur, Mark (27 May 2012). "Lycra in the streets of the Netherlands" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2012/05/28/lycra-on-the-streets-of-the-netherlands/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . , "US cycling from a Dutch perspective" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2013/06/20/us-cycling-from-a-dutch-perspective/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . 19 June 2013. , "Summer cycling" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2013/06/27/summer-cycling/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . 26 June 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wagenbuur, Mark (3 December 2014). "Cycling on a rainy autumn day in Utrecht" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2014/12/04/cycling-on-a-rainy-day-in-utrecht/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "UCI JERSEYS VISUAL GUIDELINES MANUFACTURER SPECIFICATIONS & MODEL VARIATIONS" (https://downloads.ctfassets.net/761l7gh5x5an/4LXQmaBRcTBbKNfeeMoSCL/7dd5bf3dd4c32e434d890ac31bc61a3d/2021-uci-jerseys-guidelines.pdf) (PDF) . UCI . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cycling Jersey: A Robust History, From Bland to Colorful to Current Trends" (https://seemewear.com/cycling-jersey-history/) . See Me Wear High Visibility Cycling Jerseys . 2018-03-08 . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Brown, John. "The Importance of a Cycling Jersey" (https://havefunbiking.com/products/cycling-jerseys-importance/) . HaveFunBiking.com . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Why do cyclists wear lycra? – Cycology Clothing AUS" (https://www.cycologygear.com/blogs/cycology-blog/why-do-cyclists-wear-lycra) . www.cycologygear.com . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Auscycling Technical Regulations: Road Version 1.2" (https://assets.auscycling.org.au/s3fs-public/2021-03/auscycling-technical-regulations-road.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "CLARIFICATION GUIDE OF THE UCI TECHNICAL REGULATION 05.10.2021 version" (https://assets.ctfassets.net/761l7gh5x5an/7s1ma6mVAVlFwi8rRgy0Iw/1bef531dd9e9f534c34ff016c68e3c72/Clarification_Guide_of_the_UCI_Technical_Regulation_-_20211005_-_ENG.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "What to wear on a bike ride: essential guide for commuting and road cycling" (https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/what-to-wear-on-a-bike-ride/) . BikeRadar . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "How to dress for cycling in the summer: a buyer's guide to staying cool on the bike" (https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/how-to-dress-for-summer-cycling/) . BikeRadar . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ a b c "Cycling Clothing Guide - Approved cycling" (https://approvedcycling.com/cycling-clothing-guide-winter-spring-summer-and-fall/) . Approved Cycling . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The best summer cycling clothes to keep you cool on the bike Approved" (https://approvedcycling.com/the-best-summer-cycling-clothes-to-keep-you-cool-on-the-bike/) . Approved Cycling . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "How to wear cycling gear in cold weather" (https://bq.org.au/bike-life-blog/how-to-wear-cycling-gear-in-cold-weather/) . Bicycle Queensland . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Buyers guide: What to wear cycling in winter" (https://www.cyclist.co.uk/go/1938) . Cyclist . 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(/wiki/Modest_fashion) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) British country clothing (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) Chic (/wiki/Chic) Cruise collection (/wiki/Cruise_collection) Preppy (/wiki/Preppy) Ivy League (/wiki/Ivy_League_(clothes)) Mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) Sloane Ranger (/wiki/Sloane_Ranger) Teddy Boys (/wiki/Teddy_Boys) Young fogey (/wiki/Young_fogey) Street fashion (/wiki/Street_fashion) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) Hippie (/wiki/Hippie#Art_and_fashion) Hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) Sportswear fashion (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Surfwear (/wiki/Surfwear) Ghetto fabulous (/wiki/Ghetto_fabulous) Bling-bling (/wiki/Bling-bling) Vintage fashion (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Alternative (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) Androgyny (/wiki/Androgyny_in_fashion) Bohemian (/wiki/Bohemian_style) Emo (/wiki/Emo) Fetish (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) Gothic (/wiki/Gothic_fashion) Lolita (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) Queer (/wiki/Queer_fashion) Skinhead (/wiki/Skinhead) Steampunk (/wiki/Steampunk_fashion) Thrift store chic (/wiki/Thrift_store_chic) Rocker (/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)) Greaser (/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)) Glam (/wiki/Glam_rock) Grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) Heavy metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion) Punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) Skate (/wiki/Skate_punk) Rockabilly (/wiki/Rockabilly) By country American fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States) Canadian fashion (/wiki/Canadian_fashion) Chinese fashion (/wiki/Chinese_fashion) Filipino fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Philippines) French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) German fashion (/wiki/German_fashion) Indian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_India) Iranian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran) Israeli fashion (/wiki/Israeli_fashion) Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Japanese fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria) Russian fashion (/wiki/Russian_fashion) South Korean fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) Swedish fashion (/wiki/Swedish_fashion) Thai fashion (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Fashion activism (/wiki/Fashion_activism) Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) See also Ballet and fashion (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion) Capsule wardrobe (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) Chinoiserie in fashion (/wiki/Chinoiserie_in_fashion) Dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Music and fashion (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) Fashion victim (/wiki/Fashion_victim) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by 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