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< User:The Transhumanist (/wiki/User:The_Transhumanist) Portals that have a corresponding WikiProject banner template: Portal:A Song of Ice and Fire (/w/index.php?title=Portal:A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Abortion (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Abortion&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Adelaide (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Adelaide&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Adele (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Adele&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Aerosmith (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Aerosmith&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Africa (/wiki/Portal:Africa) Portal:African diaspora (/w/index.php?title=Portal:African_diaspora&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Agriculture (/wiki/Portal:Agriculture) Portal:Aircraft (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Aircraft&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Alabama (/wiki/Portal:Alabama) Portal:Alaska (/wiki/Portal:Alaska) Portal:Albania (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Albania&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Albums (/wiki/Portal:Albums) Portal:Algae (/wiki/Portal:Algae) Portal:Algeria (/wiki/Portal:Algeria) Portal:Alien (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Alien&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Alphabet (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Alternative rock (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Alternative_rock&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Alternative views (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Alternative_views&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Amateur radio (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Amateur_radio&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:American Samoa (/w/index.php?title=Portal:American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Americas (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Americas&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Amphibians and reptiles (/wiki/Portal:Amphibians_and_reptiles) Portal:Amusement parks (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Amusement_parks&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Anarchism (/wiki/Portal:Anarchism) Portal:Anatomy (/wiki/Portal:Anatomy) Portal:Ancient Egypt (/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt) Portal:Ancient Near East (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Ancient_Near_East&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Ancient Rome (/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Rome) Portal:Andorra (/wiki/Portal:Andorra) Portal:Anglicanism (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Anglicanism&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Angola (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Angola&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Anguilla (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Animal rights (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Animal_rights&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Animals (/wiki/Portal:Animals) Portal:Animation (/wiki/Portal:Animation) Portal:Antarctica (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Antarctica&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Anthropology (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Anthropology&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Anti-war (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Anti-war&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Apple Inc. 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(/w/index.php?title=Portal:Barack_Obama&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Barbados (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Barrie (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Barrie&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Baseball (/wiki/Portal:Baseball) Portal:Basketball (/wiki/Portal:Basketball) Portal:Battlestar Galactica (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Battlestar_Galactica&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:BBC (/wiki/Portal:BBC) Portal:BBC Radio (/w/index.php?title=Portal:BBC_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bedfordshire (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bedfordshire&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Beer (/wiki/Portal:Beer) Portal:Belarus (/wiki/Portal:Belarus) Portal:Belfast (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Belfast&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Belgium (/wiki/Portal:Belgium) Portal:Belgrade (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Belgrade&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Belize (/wiki/Portal:Belize) Portal:Benin (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Benin&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Berbers (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Berbers&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Berkshire (/wiki/Portal:Berkshire) Portal:Bermuda (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bernini (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bernini&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Beyoncé (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Beyonc%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bhutan (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bible (/wiki/Portal:Bible) Portal:Big 12 Conference (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Big_12_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bihar (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bihar&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Biology (/wiki/Portal:Biology) Portal:Biomes (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Biomes&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Birds (/wiki/Portal:Birds) Portal:Birmingham (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Birmingham&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Björk (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bj%C3%B6rk&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Blu-ray (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Blu-ray&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Board games (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Board_games&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bob Dylan (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bob_Dylan&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bodybuilding (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bodybuilding&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bolivia (/wiki/Portal:Bolivia) Portal:Books (/wiki/Portal:Books) Portal:Boston (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Boston&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Boston Celtics (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Boston_Celtics&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Botany (/wiki/Portal:Botany) Portal:Botswana (/wiki/Portal:Botswana) Portal:Bowling (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bowling&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Boxing (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Boxing&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Brazil (/wiki/Portal:Brazil) Portal:Breakfast (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Breakfast&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Brigham Young University (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Brigham_Young_University&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Brighton (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Brighton&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bristol (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Bristol&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:British Library (/w/index.php?title=Portal:British_Library&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:British Museum (/w/index.php?title=Portal:British_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:British Virgin Islands (/w/index.php?title=Portal:British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Britney Spears (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Britney_Spears&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Brunei (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Buckinghamshire (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Buckinghamshire&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Bulgaria (/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria) Portal:Burkina Faso (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Burundi (/wiki/Portal:Burundi) Portal:Buses (/wiki/Portal:Buses) Portal:C++ (/w/index.php?title=Portal:C%2B%2B&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:California State University (/w/index.php?title=Portal:California_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Cambodia (/wiki/Portal:Cambodia) 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(/w/index.php?title=Portal:Chad&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Channel Islands (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Channel_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Chicago (/wiki/Portal:Chicago) Portal:Chicago Bears (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Chicago_Bears&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Chile (/wiki/Portal:Chile) Portal:China (/wiki/Portal:China) Portal:Christianity (/wiki/Portal:Christianity) Portal:Cincinnati (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Cincinnati&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Cities (/wiki/Portal:Cities) Portal:Cleveland (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Cleveland&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Cleveland Cavaliers (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Cleveland_Cavaliers&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Clothing (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Portal:Coca-Cola (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Coca-Cola&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Cognitive science (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Cognitive_science&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Coldplay (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Coldplay&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Colombia (/wiki/Portal:Colombia) Portal:Columbia, Missouri (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Columbia,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Comedy (/wiki/Portal:Comedy) Portal:Comics (/wiki/Portal:Comics) Portal:Comoros (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Computing (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Computing&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Containers (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Containers&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Contract bridge (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Contract_bridge&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Cook Islands (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Cook_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Costa Rica (/wiki/Portal:Costa_Rica) Portal:Countries (/wiki/Portal:Countries) Portal:County Durham (/w/index.php?title=Portal:County_Durham&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Crime (/wiki/Portal:Crime) Portal:Croatia (/wiki/Portal:Croatia) Portal:Cryptocurrency (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Cryptocurrency&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Cue sports (/wiki/Portal:Cue_sports) Portal:Culture (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Culture&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Cyprus (/wiki/Portal:Cyprus) Portal:Czech Republic (/wiki/Portal:Czech_Republic) Portal:Czechoslovakia (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Czechoslovakia&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Dacia (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Dacia&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Dallas Mavericks (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Dallas_Mavericks&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Dams (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Dams&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Dance (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Dance&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Databases (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Databases&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Demi Lovato (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Demi_Lovato&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Democratic Republic of the Congo (/wiki/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo) Portal:Denmark (/wiki/Portal:Denmark) Portal:Derbyshire (/wiki/Portal:Derbyshire) Portal:Deserts (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Deserts&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Detroit Tigers (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Detroit_Tigers&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Diplomacy (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Diplomacy&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Disneyland (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Disneyland&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Djibouti (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Dominican Republic (/wiki/Portal:Dominican_Republic) Portal:Drug policy (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Drug_policy&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:East Asia (/w/index.php?title=Portal:East_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:East Timor (/wiki/Portal:East_Timor) Portal:Ecor (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Ec%C2%ADor&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Economics (/wiki/Portal:Economics) Portal:Edinburgh (/wiki/Portal:Edinburgh) Portal:Edinburgh Festival Fringe (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Egypt (/wiki/Portal:Egypt) Portal:El Salvador (/wiki/Portal:El_Salvador) Portal:Elections (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Elections&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Electrical 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Portal:Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Portal:Feminism (/wiki/Portal:Feminism) Portal:Fiji (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Filmmaking (/wiki/Portal:Filmmaking) Portal:Finance (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Finance&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Finland (/wiki/Portal:Finland) Portal:First aid (/w/index.php?title=Portal:First_aid&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Florida (/wiki/Portal:Florida) Portal:Florida State University (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Florida_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Football (/wiki/Portal:Football) Portal:France (/wiki/Portal:France) Portal:Frank Sinatra (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Frank_Sinatra&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:French Polynesia (/w/index.php?title=Portal:French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Gabon (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Galicia (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Gambling (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Gambling&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Game theory (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Game_theory&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Games (/wiki/Portal:Games) Portal:Genetics (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Genetics&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Geography (/wiki/Portal:Geography) Portal:Geology (/wiki/Portal:Geology) Portal:Georgia (/wiki/Portal:Georgia) Portal:Georgia (country) (/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)) Portal:Georgia (U.S. state) (/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(U.S._state)) Portal:Geotechnical engineering (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Geotechnical_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Gerald Ford (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Gerald_Ford&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Ghana (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Ghost towns (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Ghost_towns&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Glaciers (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Glaciers&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Glass (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Glass&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Gloucestershire (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Gloucestershire&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Google (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Google&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Government of the United Kingdom (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Government_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Greece (/wiki/Portal:Greece) Portal:Green Bay Packers (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Green_Bay_Packers&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Grenada (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Guam (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Guam&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Guatemala (/wiki/Portal:Guatemala) Portal:Guernsey (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Guinea (/wiki/Portal:Guinea) Portal:Guinea-Bissau (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Guyana (/wiki/Portal:Guyana) Portal:Haiti (/wiki/Portal:Haiti) Portal:Halloween (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Halloween&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Hallucinogens (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Hallucinogens&action=edit&redlink=1) Portal:Handball 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Canadian fashion designer George Sully Sully in 2020 Born Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa) , Ontario (/wiki/Ontario) , Canada Nationality Canadian Occupations Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) Entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) Activist (/wiki/Activist) Years active 2004–present Organization Black Designers of Canada (/wiki/Black_Designers_of_Canada) Labels House of Hayla Shoeonado Sully & Son Company Sully Wong Limb Apparel Website www (http://www.georgesully.com) .georgesully (http://www.georgesully.com) .com (http://www.georgesully.com) George Sully is a Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . He is the creator of the Black Designers of Canada (/wiki/Black_Designers_of_Canada) database, co-founder of fashion brands Sully Wong, House of Hayla, and founder of Sully & Son Company. [1] (#cite_note-Kit_Index-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Sully was born in Ottawa, Ontario, and attended Notre Dame High School (/wiki/Notre_Dame_High_School_(Ottawa)) . [4] (#cite_note-OttCit-4) Career [ edit ] Sully started his career as an artist and music producer. Later transitioned from music to fashion. [5] (#cite_note-FashMag-5) He created Limb Apparel which featured streetwear (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) and moved to Toronto in his 20s to pursue a fashion career. [4] (#cite_note-OttCit-4) Sully launched Sully Wong, with Henry Wong. The two founders divided the labour with Sully focused on the graphics and marketing of the products. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2013, Sully Wong premiered a line of desert boot runners with designer Karim Rashid (/wiki/Karim_Rashid) at the Magic Trade Show (/wiki/Magic_(trade_show)) in Las Vegas. [7] (#cite_note-DesignMilk-7) Sully stated that this collaboration exposed their designs to a celebrities and an international audience. [4] (#cite_note-OttCit-4) One of these designs was inducted into the Bata Shoe Museum's (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) permanent collection. [7] (#cite_note-DesignMilk-7) Sully Wong partnered with student (/wiki/Student) mentees (/wiki/Mentorship) at Central Toronto Academy (/wiki/Central_Toronto_Academy) in 2016 to create The Wolf Sneaker as part of the "6ixess" clothing line. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The Winter Kicks shoe, another piece in the collection that Sully co-designed with students, was inducted into the Bata Shoe Museum in 2019. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2018, Sully launched House of Hayla with Hayla Amini featuring monochromatic (/wiki/Monochrome) stiletto (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) shoes inspired by Pantone Colour Institute hues. The heels are vegan (/wiki/Veganism) and approved by PETA (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) . [1] (#cite_note-Kit_Index-1) He is also the maker of the Starfleet uniform boot in Star Trek: Discovery (/wiki/Star_Trek:_Discovery) . [1] (#cite_note-Kit_Index-1) In 2020, Sully launched Sully & Son Company a premium travel and accessories brand. His first collaboration was with LG Electronics (/wiki/LG_Electronics) Canada to create a custom backpack in celebration of their VELVET LG smart phone launch. [11] (#cite_note-Among_Men-11) In 2020, Sully was awarded the Fashion International Group Visionary Award. In 2021, TD Bank (/wiki/TD_Bank,_N.A.) launched its annual TD Thanks campaign, recognizing and rewarding George Sully with personalized thank you gifts in support of his community initiative efforts in creating Black Designers of Canada. [12] (#cite_note-12) Later in the year, George Sully starred in CRAVE Network (/wiki/Crave_(TV_network)) Documentary style feature called Creative Soles, where he and his colleagues were given the task to create a custom sneaker for television host Tyrone Edwards. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2022 George was awarded with honorary degree credentials by George Brown College (/wiki/George_Brown_College) , an Honorary Bachelor degree in Brand Design. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2022, George sully was added to the elevate festival, the country's largest Canadian -led and founded technology and arts festival as a speaker alongside, Venus Williams, Andre DeGrasse and Micheal Romannow. [15] (#cite_note-15) In the same year, George Sully was honoured by the Canadian Art & Fashion Awards (CAFA) with the inaugural Changemaker Award created to honor those who have spearheaded progressive change within the fashion industry. [16] (#cite_note-16) Black Designers of Canada [ edit ] Main article: Black Designers of Canada (/wiki/Black_Designers_of_Canada) In 2020, Sully launched the online platform Black Designers of Canada (/wiki/Black_Designers_of_Canada) to promote diversity in the fashion industry and promote black artists in Canada. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-Essence-18) The website collected content via self and peer nominations on social media (/wiki/Social_media) and through its website (/wiki/Website) . [1] (#cite_note-Kit_Index-1) In 2021, he launched The Black Designers of Canada Award of Excellence to recognize Black designers and their achievements. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d The Kit (June 9, 2020). "George Sully On Making an Index of Black Designers in Canada" (https://thekit.ca/style/black-designers-canada-george-sully/) . The Kit . Retrieved October 23, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Designer & Founder -Black Designers of Canada" (https://wear.fashiontakesaction.com/speaker/george-sully/) . www.wear.fashiontakesaction.com/ . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Events" (https://www.fgitoronto.org/events) . FGI Toronto | Celebrating Toronto Fashion . Retrieved March 10, 2021 . ^ a b c Wilson, Janet (August 25, 2014). "Sully Wong get their kicks from designing uber cool sneakers" (https://ottawacitizen.com/life/fashion-beauty/sully-wong-get-their-kicks-from-designing-uber-cool-sneakers) . Ottawa Citizen . Retrieved October 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-FashMag_5-0) Parker, Odessa Paloma (June 9, 2020). "George Sully is Creating an Index of Black Canadian Designers" (https://fashionmagazine.com/style/black-canadian-designer-index-george-sully/) . Fashion Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200817104033/https://fashionmagazine.com/style/black-canadian-designer-index-george-sully/) from the original on August 17, 2020 . Retrieved October 23, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Halbert, Mosha Lundstrom (April 26, 2017). "How One Indie Sneaker Brand From Toronto Became a Fashion Insider Favorite" (https://footwearnews.com/2017/fashion/sneakers/sully-wong-indie-sneaker-brand-toronto-343309/) . Footwear News . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190413143855/https://footwearnews.com/2017/fashion/sneakers/sully-wong-indie-sneaker-brand-toronto-343309/) from the original on April 13, 2019 . Retrieved October 9, 2020 . ^ a b Han, Gregory (April 28, 2014). "Karim Rashid For Sully Wong Limited Edition Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170714060056/http://design-milk.com/karim-rashid-sully-wong-limited-edition-desert-boots-collection/) . Design Milk . Archived from the original (https://design-milk.com/karim-rashid-sully-wong-limited-edition-desert-boots-collection/) on July 14, 2017 . Retrieved October 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "High school students might have designed Toronto's hottest new sneaker" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/programs/metromorning/central-toronto-academy-clothing-line-1.3834722) . CBC . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170409020123/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/programs/metromorning/central-toronto-academy-clothing-line-1.3834722) from the original on April 9, 2017 . Retrieved October 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Caton, Hilary (November 4, 2016). "Central Toronto Academy students design sneaker sold at Gotstyle" (https://www.toronto.com/news-story/6947580-central-toronto-academy-students-design-sneaker-sold-at-gotstyle/) . Toronto.com . Retrieved October 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "WATCH — Students design a museum-worthy shoe" (https://www.cbc.ca/kidsnews/post/watch-these-students-designed-a-museum-worthy-shoe) . Kids News . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201010205352/https://www.cbc.ca/kidsnews/post/watch-these-students-designed-a-museum-worthy-shoe) from the original on October 10, 2020 . Retrieved October 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Among_Men_11-0) Dare, Christian (September 24, 2020). "LG Partners With Canadian Designers On Fashion Forward Time Capsule Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201010205430/https://www.amongmen.com/style-grooming/mens-fashion/lg-partners-with-canadian-designers-on-fashion-forward-time-capsule-collection/) . AmongMen . Archived from the original (https://www.amongmen.com/style-grooming/mens-fashion/lg-partners-with-canadian-designers-on-fashion-forward-time-capsule-collection/) on October 10, 2020 . Retrieved October 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "#TDThanksYou: TD recognizes customers who are spreading positivity across Canada" (https://stories.td.com/ca/en/news/2021-09-27-23tdthanksyou-3a-td-recognizes-customers-who-are-spreading-posi) . stories.td.com . Retrieved October 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Creative Soles powered by Dell XPS" (https://www.crave.ca/en/tv-shows/creative-soles-powered-by-dell-xps) . crave . Retrieved October 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "7 extraordinary industry & community leaders receiving honorary credentials at convocation" (https://www.georgebrown.ca/news/2022/7-extraordinary-industry-community-leaders-receiving-honorary-credentials-at-convocation) . George Brown College . June 7, 2022 . Retrieved June 12, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Andre De Grasse, Michele Romanow, George Sully added as Elevate Festival speakers" (https://betakit.com/andre-de-grasse-michele-romanow-george-sully-added-as-elevate-festival-speakers/) . July 5, 2022 . Retrieved October 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "George Sully – 2022 Change Maker Award | CAFA" (https://www.cafawards.ca/2022-change-maker-award-george-sully/) . Retrieved October 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Shoe designer George Sully forms platform to celebrate black Canadian artists" (https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/06/08/shoe-designer-george-sully-forms-platform-to-celebrate-black-canadian-artists.html) . thestar.com . June 8, 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200618043328/https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/06/08/shoe-designer-george-sully-forms-platform-to-celebrate-black-canadian-artists.html) from the original on June 18, 2020 . Retrieved October 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Essence_18-0) Stewart, Jamila (July 2, 2020). "A Look Inside The Black Designers Of Canada Initiative" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200914180627/https://www.essence.com/fashion/black-designers-of-canada-digital-index/) . Essence . Archived from the original (https://www.essence.com/fashion/black-designers-of-canada-digital-index/) on September 14, 2020 . Retrieved October 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "This new award will recognize 100 Black Canadian designers" (https://www.thestar.com/life/fashion_style/2021/02/16/this-new-award-will-recognize-100-black-canadian-designers.html) . thestar.com . February 16, 2021 . Retrieved March 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Canada, STYLE (February 11, 2021). "Breaking: 100 Black Canadian Designers Will Soon Be Honoured With An Award of Excellence" (https://style.ca/black-designers-award/) . STYLE Canada . Retrieved March 10, 2021 . 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1992 exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Fashion and History: A Dialogue was a 1992 exhibition (/wiki/Exhibition) of the Costume Institute (/wiki/Anna_Wintour_Costume_Center) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) (The Met). The exhibit featured European and American clothing and accessories from a variety of time periods. The curator was Katell Le Bourhis (/w/index.php?title=Katell_Le_Bourhis&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-:bombmagazine-1) The exhibition ran from December 7, 1992, to March 21, 1993 [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) and had more than 200 pieces, many of them donated. Of that total, 120 mannequins were assembled entirely. [1] (#cite_note-:bombmagazine-1) The event took place in the basement, a space of 5,000 square feet, and had four central themes: Floral Imagery, Symbolism of Black and White, Geometric and Abstract Imagery, and The Evolution of Tweeds. [1] (#cite_note-:bombmagazine-1) [3] (#cite_note-:washingtonpost-3) Background [ edit ] Le Bourhis' aim for the exhibition was to portray fashion as "a dialogue between the ideas of the moment and those of the past; ... a discourse between the values and creativity of present-day society and those of history." [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Fashion is considered to be a dialogue between ideas in the moment and past. Fashion responds to everyone's needs and comes from distant cultures and different eras. It is also known for it to be ephemeral and perpetual. Fashion is a form of self-expression and identity. There fashion trends all over history, telling a story about the people of that time and culture; in specific cultures, clothing and fashion were status symbols. Each of the various galleries within the exhibit focused on a particular genre of garment form (e.g. gloves, shoes, petticoats (/wiki/Petticoat) , dresses, hats, coats, corsets (/wiki/Corset) , stays (/wiki/History_of_corsets) , stomachers (/wiki/Stomacher) ) or on a particular material (e.g. tweed, lace). [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Further, one gallery was dedicated to the theme of black and white color contrast. Of this le Bourhis wrote that "black and white, especially in dynamic opposition, can symbolize for darkness and light, sinfulness and purity, or death and life." [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Together, the galleries focused on what Bourhis called the "surcharged atmosphere of pleasure, luxury, sensuality, and fantasy" of fashion, which "borrows voraciously from all sorts of distant cultures and different eras [choosing] sources of inspiration according to the desires of the period [while] translating them into a taste that reflects the contemporary images of "culture."" [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Katell le Bourhis by Elizabeth Cannon – BOMB Magazine" (https://bombmagazine.org/articles/katell-le-bourhis/) . bombmagazine.org . March 7, 1993 . Retrieved September 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Costume Institute (New York, N.Y.), ed. (1992). Fashion and history: [installation photographs, wall text] a dialogue, December 7, 1992 – March 21, 1993 . ^ (#cite_ref-:washingtonpost_3-0) Tobi Tobias (March 7, 1993). "Design for living" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1993/03/07/design-for-living/2da2798f-b7c0-457b-95c6-989a3273231a/) . washingtonpost.com . 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(Redirected from Wardrobing (/w/index.php?title=Wardrobing&redirect=no) ) Act of defrauding a retail store via the product return process The neutrality (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) of this article is disputed (/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Return_fraud##) . Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met (/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove) . ( April 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Return fraud is the act of defrauding (/wiki/Fraud) a retail (/wiki/Retail) store by means of the return process (/wiki/Returning) . There are various ways in which this crime is committed. For example, the offender may return stolen merchandise to secure cash, steal receipts or receipt tape to enable a falsified return, or use somebody else's receipt to try to return an item picked up from a store shelf. Return fraud and theft have been reported to lead to price increases for shoppers. [1] (#cite_note-1) Some stores create strict return policies such as "no receipt, no return" or impose return time restrictions. [2] (#cite_note-2) Types [ edit ] Some examples of return fraud include: Bricking (/wiki/Brick_(electronics)) : Purchasing a working electronic item, deliberately damaging or stripping it of valuable components to render it unusable, then returning the item for profit. Cross-retailer return: Returning or exchanging an item purchased at another retailer (usually at a lower price) for cash, store credit, or a similar, higher-priced item at another retailer. Employee fraud: Assistance from employees to return stolen goods for full retail price. Open-box fraud: Purchasing an item from a store and returning it opened with the intent to re-purchase it at a lower price under the store's open-box policies. A variation of price-switching. Price arbitrage: Purchasing differently priced, but similar-looking merchandise and returning the cheaper item as the expensive one. Price switching: Placing higher-priced labels on merchandise with the intention of returning the item(s) at a higher price than purchase. Receipt fraud: Utilizing reused, stolen, or falsified receipts to return merchandise for profit. Alternatively, returning goods purchased on sale or from a different store at a lower price with the intention of profiting from the difference. [3] (#cite_note-3) Returning stolen merchandise: Shoplifting with the objective to return the item(s) for full price, plus any sales tax. Switch fraud: Purchasing a working item, and returning a damaged or defective identical item that was already owned. Return policies have historically served as the primary way for retailers to combat return fraud and abuse; the challenge is keeping policies from being overly restrictive or inconsistently interpreted, both of which may discourage loyal customers and affect purchases. [4] (#cite_note-returnpolicy-4) Automated solutions have also been developed to help combat return fraud and abuse, including software programs that detect such behavior and help retailers determine whether a return is valid. [5] (#cite_note-5) Wardrobing [ edit ] Wardrobing, purchasing merchandise for short-term use with the intent to return the item, has been described by industry advocates as a form of return fraud. [6] (#cite_note-wardrobing-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Wardrobing is a form of return fraud where an item is purchased, used, and then returned to the store for a refund. [8] (#cite_note-Kim-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) It is most often done with expensive clothing – hence the name – but the practice is also common with tools, electronics, and even computers. To prevent this practice, some stores make certain items, such as wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) or Christmas decorations (/wiki/Christmas_decoration) , unreturnable. Some observers classify wardrobing as a form of shoplifting (/wiki/Shoplifting) . [8] (#cite_note-Kim-8) See also [ edit ] Business and economics portal (/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics) Law portal (/wiki/Portal:Law) Claude Allen (/wiki/Claude_Allen) , assistant to U.S. President George W. Bush who resigned after being arrested for return fraud References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kavilanz, Parija B. (11 November 2009). "Store theft cost to your family: $435" (https://money.cnn.com/2009/11/10/news/economy/retail_recession_theft/) . CNN Money . Retrieved 12 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kokemuller, Neil. "Merchandise Return Policies" (http://smallbusiness.chron.com/merchandise-return-policies-69637.html) . Houston Chronicle . Retrieved 12 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hutton, Caleb (2018-08-04). "Elaborate shoplifting schemes often feed thieves' drug habit" (https://www.heraldnet.com/news/elaborate-shoplifting-schemes-often-feed-thieves-drug-habit/) . HeraldNet.com . Retrieved 2020-11-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-returnpolicy_4-0) Rittman, Tom. "7 Surprising Ways Retailers Lose Money" (https://risnews.com/7-surprising-ways-retailers-lose-money) . Retail Info Systems . Retrieved 12 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cardone, Caroline; Hayes, Read (2 August 2017). "The Evolving Impact of Return Fraud and Abuse" (http://losspreventionmedia.com/insider/retail-fraud/the-evolving-impact-of-return-fraud-and-abuse/) . LPM Insider . Retrieved 12 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-wardrobing_6-0) Roberts, Deborah; Orso, Alberto (3 December 2008). "Buy, Wear, Return, Repeat" (https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Story?id=6381593&page=1) . ABC News . Retrieved 12 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Rosenbaum, Mark S.; Kuntze, Ronald (May 2005). "Looking good at the retailer's expense: investigating unethical retail disposition behavior among compulsive buyers". Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services . 12 (3): 217. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.jretconser.2004.07.001 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jretconser.2004.07.001) . ^ a b Kim, Eun Kyung. "Bloomingdale's new b-tags block used clothing returns" (http://www.today.com/money/bloomingdales-new-b-tags-block-used-clothing-returns-4B11199683) . Today Money . Retrieved 2 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Buchanan, Daisy. "Wardrobing: why returning worn clothes is the latest fashion" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/05/wardrobing-returning-worn-clothes-fashion-return-fraud-stores) . The Guardian . Retrieved 2 April 2015 . External links [ edit ] National Retail Federation (http://www.nrf.com) Loss Prevention Research Council (http://lpresearch.org/) Dr. Mark Rosenbaum and Dr. Ronald Kuntze The relationship between anomie and unethical retail disposition (https://archive.today/20130105074546/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/106566841/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0) v t e Types of fraud (/wiki/Fraud) Business-related Billing (/wiki/False_billing) Cramming (/wiki/Cramming_(fraud)) Disability (/wiki/Disability_fraud) Drug (/wiki/Drug_fraud) / Pharmaceutical (/wiki/Pharmaceutical_fraud) Email (/wiki/Email_fraud) Employment (/wiki/Employment_fraud) Food (/wiki/Food_fraud) Fixing (/wiki/Price_fixing) Impersonation (/wiki/Identity_theft) Intellectual property (/wiki/Scams_in_intellectual_property) Internet (/wiki/Internet_fraud) Job (/wiki/Job_fraud) Long firm (/wiki/Long_firm_fraud) Odometer (/wiki/Odometer_fraud) Phone (/wiki/Phone_fraud) Health care (/wiki/Health_care_fraud) fertility (/wiki/Fertility_fraud) quackery (/wiki/Quackery) Racketeering (/wiki/Racket_(crime)) Return Tech support (/wiki/Technical_support_scam) Slamming (/wiki/Telephone_slamming) Telemarketing (/wiki/Telemarketing_fraud) Weight (/wiki/Weight_fraud) Wine (/wiki/Wine_fraud) Family-related Fertility (/wiki/Fertility_fraud) Marriage (/wiki/Sham_marriage) Paternity (/wiki/Paternity_fraud) Financial-related Advance-fee (/wiki/Advance-fee_scam) lottery scam (/wiki/Lottery_scam) Bank (/wiki/Bank_fraud) Bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy_fraud) Chargeback (/wiki/Chargeback_fraud) Cheque (/wiki/Cheque_fraud) Credit card (/wiki/Credit_card_fraud) and carding (/wiki/Carding_(fraud)) Forex (/wiki/Foreign_exchange_fraud) Insurance (/wiki/Insurance_fraud) Lottery (/wiki/Lottery_fraud) Mismarking (/wiki/Mismarking) Mortgage (/wiki/Mortgage_fraud) Overpayment (/wiki/Overpayment_scam) Securities (/wiki/Securities_fraud) Shill bidding (/wiki/Shill#Auctions) Tax (/wiki/Tax_evasion) Government-related Benefit (/wiki/Benefit_fraud_in_the_United_Kingdom) Electoral (/wiki/Electoral_fraud) Medicare (/wiki/Medicare_fraud) Visa (/wiki/Visa_fraud) Welfare (/wiki/Welfare_fraud) Other types Affinity (/wiki/Affinity_fraud) Charity (/wiki/Charity_fraud) Counterfeiting (/wiki/Counterfeit) Faked death (/wiki/Faked_death) Forgery (/wiki/Forgery) Fraud factory (/wiki/Fraud_factory) Hoax (/wiki/Hoax) Impersonation (/wiki/Identity_theft) Mail and wire (/wiki/Mail_and_wire_fraud) honest services (/wiki/Honest_services_fraud) Scam (/wiki/Scam) Romance (/wiki/Romance_scam) Bride (/wiki/Bride_scam) Scientific (/wiki/Scientific_misconduct) Spyware (/wiki/Spyware) Vomit (/wiki/Vomit_fraud) White-collar crime (/wiki/White-collar_crime) list (/wiki/List_of_types_of_fraud) Category (/wiki/Category:Fraud) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐w5gsn Cached time: 20240716073045 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.349 seconds Real time usage: 0.449 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 759/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33657/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 724/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44436/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.255/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6101246/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 406.165 1 -total 34.10% 138.515 1 Template:Reflist 29.14% 118.360 1 Template:Fraud 28.54% 115.909 1 Template:Navbox 25.60% 103.969 6 Template:Cite_news 16.27% 66.102 1 Template:Short_description 13.48% 54.740 1 Template:POV 12.34% 50.111 1 Template:Ambox 9.66% 39.238 2 Template:Pagetype 5.59% 22.711 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:23071365-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716073045 and revision id 1225188041. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Return_fraud&oldid=1225188041#Wardrobing (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Return_fraud&oldid=1225188041#Wardrobing) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Retailing-related crime (/wiki/Category:Retailing-related_crime) Fraud (/wiki/Category:Fraud) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from April 2021 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes_from_April_2021) All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes)
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American jewelry Marjorie Schick Born Marjorie Ann Krask ( 1941-08-29 ) August 29, 1941 Taylorville, Illinois (/wiki/Taylorville,_Illinois) Died December 17, 2017 (2017-12-17) (aged 76) Kansas City, Kansas (/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas) Nationality American Occupation(s) academic, jewelry artist Years active 1967–2017 Known for bold and whimsical large-scale jewelry of wood and papier-mâché Marjorie Schick (August 29, 1941 – December 17, 2017) was an innovative American jewelry artist and academic who taught art for 50 years. Approaching sculptural creations, her avant-garde (/wiki/Avant-garde) pieces have been widely collected. Her works form part of the permanent collections of many of the world's leading art museums, including the Hermitage Museum (/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) in Saint Petersburg, Russia; the Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) in New York City; the National Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Kyoto) in Kyoto (/wiki/Kyoto) , Japan; the Philadelphia Museum of Art (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) in Pennsylvania; and the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) of London (/wiki/London) . Growing up in the Heartland (/wiki/Heartland_(United_States)) of the United States, Schick was raised by her single mother, who as an art instructor nurtured her creative talent. After attending the University of Wisconsin–Madison (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison) , she completed a master's degree in fine art at Indiana University Bloomington (/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington) . She then moved to Kansas, shortly thereafter beginning a lifetime association with Pittsburg State University (/wiki/Pittsburg_State_University) , where she taught as an art professor. In addition to her teaching, Schick developed a worldwide reputation as a jewelry artist, creating works which were more like body sculptures than traditional jewelry. Her conception of pieces allowed her work to be displayed on the body while simultaneously interacting with it, rather than simply being worn as an adornment. As one of the innovators who moved jewelry craftsmanship away from metals in the 1960s, she experimented with a wide variety of materials, including papier-mâché (/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9) , wooden dowels (/wiki/Dowel) , rubber, string, and canvas. Her large-scale works were typically brightly colored and represented a modernist abstract aesthetic. Early life [ edit ] Marjorie Ann Krask was born on August 29, 1941, in Taylorville, Illinois (/wiki/Taylorville,_Illinois) , to Eleanor (née Curtin) and Edward P. Krask. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllingsworthn.d.-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Breeze_Courier''2006-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Journal_and_Courier''19633-3) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECertificate_of_Death2017-4) Following her parents' divorce before her second birthday, she was raised by her mother, rarely seeing her father. Depending on where her mother was teaching or where she attended school, they moved frequently. At various times, they lived in Normal, Illinois (/wiki/Normal,_Illinois) ; Blue Mound, Illinois (/wiki/Blue_Mound,_Illinois) ; Charleston, Illinois (/wiki/Charleston,_Illinois) , where Krask began first grade; Decatur, Illinois (/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois) , where she finished elementary school; Longmont, Colorado (/wiki/Longmont,_Colorado) , where she attended junior high; and then Evanston, Illinois (/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois) , where Krask graduated from Evanston Township High School (/wiki/Evanston_Township_High_School) in 1959. In Longmont, her mother, who was an art instructor, introduced her to metalworking and in high school, Krask studied fashion design with Frank Tresise. She spent her summers studying at the Art Institute of Chicago (/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago) , initially wanting to design clothing, before deciding to become an art instructor herself. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2016-6) Enrolling in the art department at the University of Wisconsin (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison) in Madison (/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin) , Krask practice taught in Watertown (/wiki/Watertown,_Wisconsin) and studied jewelry design under Arthur Vierthaler, as part of her studies. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2016-6) Upon her graduation, in 1963, she married James Baldwin McDonald Schick. Together they moved to Bloomington, Indiana (/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana) , to finish their studies at Indiana University (/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington) . [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Journal_and_Courier''19633-3) She enrolled in a Master of Fine Arts (/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts) program under the tutelage of Alma Eikerman (/wiki/Alma_Eikerman) , who would become her lifelong mentor and a strong influence on her work. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) She was trained as a traditional metalsmith (/wiki/Metalsmith) and jeweller (/wiki/Jeweller) , [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski200840-7) [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplosMetcalf2010435-8) graduating with distinction (/wiki/Latin_honors) in 1966. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelstein199042-9) Near the end of her schooling, an article she read about the work of abstract (/wiki/Abstract_expressionist) sculptor, David Smith (/wiki/David_Smith_(sculptor)) , [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) became influential for her work. She began to conceptualize jewelry as a type of sculpture which could be worn. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004b25-10) Career [ edit ] There are five major aspects to my work: the constructed three-dimensional form, the color relationships, the definition of space, the combination of patterns, and the scale of the objects in relationship to the human figure. My goal is to create a sense of visual tension among the formal elements of each object, such as from line to plane, from color to value, from one directional force to another, or from the rhythms in the structure to the rhythms in the colors. Each object is studied and worked in totality, no part being any less important than any other. —Marjorie Schick, 2010 artist's statement Pittsburg State University. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchick2010-11) When the couple graduated they began their teaching careers at the University of Kansas (/wiki/University_of_Kansas) in Lawrence (/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas) , with her husband teaching in the history department while she taught art. Schick first began working in papier-mâché (/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9) during the time in Lawrence, using it as a lightweight alternative to metal, allowing her to create larger pieces. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) At the time, the medium was unconventional, and Schick's experimentation evolved from creating frames of chicken wire (/wiki/Chicken_wire) , coating them in the pulp mixture and shaping them to form. While her traditional jewelry pieces were readily accepted for juried exhibits, her papier-mâché adornments were regularly rejected as too radical. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplosMetcalf2010435-8) In 1967, both of the Schicks were hired by Pittsburg State University (/wiki/Pittsburg_State_University) , at the time known as Kansas State College at Pittsburg. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2017-12) In 1969, she went back to the idea of putting her body through one of the sculptures of David Smith. Instead of the flat two-dimensional pieces she had made up to that time, she molded a brass headpiece with tubes on which she welded blue-lensed glasses at eye-level. Nicknaming the piece Blue Eyes , Head Sculpture changed the focus of her work from metalwork jewelry to wearable sculpture. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004b25-10) 1970s [ edit ] Schick became part of the Modernist (/wiki/Modernism) era, creating works which explored abstraction through line, mass, space and volume. She took account of the difference between experiencing an object based on its presentation and the materials used, and its aesthetic significance. [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski200842-13) Her early jewelry designs were expressionistic (/wiki/Expressionism) , evoking emotions of conflict and contact. They made use of silver wire mixed with melted and pitted brass (/wiki/Brass) or bronze (/wiki/Bronze) twisted into shapes. Many of them had the feel of objet trouvé (/wiki/Objet_trouv%C3%A9) artifacts. The pieces of her Cycladic Series featured polished shapes of brass and copper designed as oversized bracelets (/wiki/Bracelets) , brooches (/wiki/Brooches) , and necklaces (/wiki/Necklaces) . [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelstein199042-9) For a time, she believed her metalwork was "serious art" and her experimentation with other media, far less important. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2016-6) Thanks to its lightweight, pliable qualities, she experimented with papier-mâché, as a means of extending forms away from the body. It also allowed volume and color to be used in ways that traditional metalwork could not. Schick produced pieces on wire frames encapsulated with molded pulp to surround the body. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski200842–43-14) Rather than creating conventional wrist or neck adornments, her large creations were designed to be displayed on the whole body, from shoulder to foot. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplosMetcalf2010435-8) In 1976, Schick was contacted by Mary Ann Bransby, a jewelry instructor from Kansas City (/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri) 's University of Missouri (/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas_City) , to create jewelry pieces for the school's modern dance troupe. The dancers used the pieces in innovative ways, putting rings on their toes or a bracelet on their foot, which caused Schick to recognize that pieces could be reinterpreted. The group gave performances and exhibitions of the artwork at venues including the Albrecht Gallery in St. Joseph, Missouri (/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri) , the Bronx Museum of the Arts (/wiki/Bronx_Museum_of_the_Arts) , the Kansas City Art Institute (/wiki/Kansas_City_Art_Institute) , and Lindenwood College (/wiki/Lindenwood_University) in Saint Charles, Missouri (/wiki/Saint_Charles,_Missouri) . By the end of the 1970s, Schick grew tired of papier-mâché as a medium. She took courses in ceramics (/wiki/Ceramic) and plastics (/wiki/Plastic) and experimented with making jewelry from clay (/wiki/Clay) , paper (/wiki/Paper) , plastic, thread (/wiki/Thread_(yarn)) , and combinations of thread and paper. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) 1980s [ edit ] At the beginning of the 1980s, Schick began working with fiber, string and dowel rods (/wiki/Dowel) , submitting six small pieces to an alternative media exhibit, "Jewelry Redefined: First International Exhibition of Multi-Media Non-Precious Jewellery" hosted by the British Crafts Centre in London (/wiki/London) in 1982. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplosMetcalf2010436-15) Receiving a letter from Paul Derrez (/wiki/Paul_Derrez) , one of the jurors and owner of Ra Gallery (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galerie_Ra) in Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) , she created a solo exhibit for his gallery. The show brought her international recognition and she was asked to participate in the Isetan Art Museum (/w/index.php?title=Isetan_Art_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1) 's International Jewellery Art Exhibition in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , where she won an award in fine arts. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) As her work began receiving international attention and became an influence on European jewelers, [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski200843-16) the American market began to accept her work. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplosMetcalf2010436-15) Her stick designs played with the illusions of negative space (/wiki/Negative_space) , with pieces of dowel riveted into pick-up sticks (/wiki/Pick-up_sticks) , spirals, and zig-zag shapes, creating a dialogue between the body and the adornment. Utilizing wood, rubber tubes and string, she created interlocking geometric shapes bordering on the outrageous and questioning the need to create mass-produced useful adornment. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelstein199042-9) Taking a sabbatical from PSU, Schick studied metalworking (/wiki/Metalworking) at Sir John Cass College of Art (/wiki/Sir_John_Cass_College_of_Art) beginning in 1983, leading to her first solo exhibition at Derrez's gallery that same year. In 1984, she worked as the artist-in-residence (/wiki/Artist-in-residence) of John Cass. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) Schick was the only American to participate in the New Jewelry Movement which swept through England and the Netherlands. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon200446-17) At the end of the 1980s, she began to make pieces of plywood and began to focus predominantly on neckwear. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) However, she did continue to make wooden bracelets during this time, using dowel (/wiki/Dowel) sticks which were painted with variegated colors. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonohoe198613-18) Her three-dimensional pieces were more like sculpture than traditional flat jewelry and could as easily be displayed on a wall as worn. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonohoe198613-18) Schick also began exploring companion pieces, making her jewelry part of paintings, so that when they were not being worn, they could be displayed as artworks. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) She incorporated a whimsical series of teapots (/wiki/Teapot) into her pieces, that took on the form of bracelets, brooches, or frames around the head and neck which could be shifted and disassembled. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski200843-16) Creating hybrid pieces which blurred the boundaries between handicrafts (/wiki/Handicraft) , ornamentation, painting and sculpture, Schick worked in-the-round, giving all sides of a work equal focus, [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski200844-19) pressing the boundaries of traditional jewelry. [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski200845-20) Conscious of the sculptural notion that pieces would be viewed from any angle, she focused not only on the front and back of a piece, but how it would appear on or off a wall, on or off the body, or from any vantage point. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2016-6) By 1986, she had participated in fourteen international showings at nine art museums throughout the world. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonohoe198613-18) In 1987, Schick was one of the featured artists in a traveling exhibit that was shown throughout Virginia called Jewelry Now . The show also highlighted nationally known jewelers, including Jamie Bennett (/wiki/Jamie_Bennett_(artist)) , Robert Ebendorf (/wiki/Robert_Ebendorf) , Rebekah Laskin (/w/index.php?title=Rebekah_Laskin&action=edit&redlink=1) , Ivy Ross (/wiki/Ivy_Ross) , Susan Sanders (/w/index.php?title=Susan_Sanders&action=edit&redlink=1) and Sandra Zilker (/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Zilker&action=edit&redlink=1) . [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Daily_Press''198748-21) Schick continued producing pieces for performance art, such as Collar in 1988, a neck piece six inches thick and 31 inches wide. While impractical for wearing as an every day adornment, the vibrant color scheme forced the wearer and observer to imagine and redefine how one moves through space. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoplosMetcalf2010436-15) In 1989, the School of Fine Arts Gallery of her alma mater in Indiana (/wiki/Indiana) hosted a solo show Marjorie Schick: A Retrospective , covering the first 25 years of her career. It featured over a hundred works, displayed without the use of models or mannequins, either protruding from walls or hanging from ceilings. The display showed that the works were non-functional as simple adornments and in a unique way were "unfinished" in the absence of the body of the wearer. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelstein199042-9) 1990s [ edit ] Schick returned to papier-mâché in the 1990s, using different painting techniques. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) Wishing to explore color, she began to work with fabric, just as painters use canvas. Disliking the flatness of the surface, she created pockets stuffed with Poly-Fil (/wiki/Polyester_Fiberfill) to add sculptural texture. The first piece in the series, Necklace "De la Luna/del Sol" , was created in 1996 and inspired by the Peruvian archaeological sites of Huaca del Sol (/wiki/Huaca_del_Sol) and Huaca de la Luna (/wiki/Huaca_de_la_Luna) . [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1999-22) In 1998, Schick and her husband planned a sabbatical in Mexico, with tours to Europe. She began a series of pieces related to their travels, inspired by the varied color palettes (/wiki/Color_scheme) of the differing landscapes. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) In particular, she was interested in exploring how different colors trigger memories of places and events. Glen Brown, an art historian from Kansas State University (/wiki/Kansas_State_University) , likened these works to "souvenir scrapbooks" in a symbolist (/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)#Visual_arts) style, which captured the personal experiences of the traveler without need for a photorealistic (/wiki/Photorealism) representation. [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1999-22) Her work could also be considered pop-surrealism as noted by Graham Shearing in his review of the 1998 exhibition "Revelations: New Jewelry" by members of the Society of North American Goldsmiths (/wiki/Society_of_North_American_Goldsmiths) (SNAG). Her contribution was a piece called Katella . [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearing199853-23) At times Schick used unprimed canvas to allow the light color washes (/wiki/Color_wash) to permeate the fabric, such as in the piece Brick Street , a homage to Pittsburg, Kansas. On others, she used heavy coats of gesso (/wiki/Gesso) to build form and texture before painting the surfaces. In her work, Quetzalcoatl , completed after the Mexico trip, she used heavily gessoed fabric pouches and paint to represent the feathered snakes (/wiki/Feathered_Serpent) found in pre-Columbian (/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Mexico) sites they had visited at Chichén Itzá (/wiki/Chich%C3%A9n_Itz%C3%A1) , Palenque (/wiki/Palenque) and Teotihuacán (/wiki/Teotihuac%C3%A1n) . She used vivid colors and muted grays to represent the once vibrant murals (/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art#Mural_painting) completed in Maya blue (/wiki/Maya_blue) and terracotta (/wiki/Terracotta) which have faded over time. In another piece, Chicago Windows , representing the Chicago skyline, Schick riveted black oak strips together to form panes around the brightly colored rectangles of plywood adorned with string to create the geometrical framework of the black background. [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1999-22) Another piece representative of this period was Bound Colors , a necklace with ribbons of canvas laced through wood strips creating a design reminiscent of the Aztec calendar stone (/wiki/Aztec_calendar_stone) interwoven with a color wheel. It was mounted on a painted plywood base, from which it could be removed for wear, allowing the aesthetic of the piece to transcend the individual components of jewelry, painting and sculpture. The large scale of her works was intentional, so that the pieces were not tucked away in a drawer, but rather had multiple uses in different interconnected interpretations. [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1999-22) Her work was designed to encompass the body, and rather than ornamental accessories, became "three-dimensional drawings-to-wear". [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimon200446-17) 2000s [ edit ] Yellow Ladderback Chair (2001) In the 2000s, Schick began experimenting with turning everyday items into wearable art. She designed Yellow Ladderback Chair in 2001 to evoke the "experience of being in a chair". The canvas necklace, creates a symbiosis of the ornamentation with the human wearer. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004b25–26-24) That year, she participated in the group showing Open Links , hosted in Bowling Green, Ohio (/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Ohio) , by the university (/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University) 's fine arts department, with the aim of broadening attendees' perspectives to the redefinition of what jewelry could be. [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorie20013-25) Two years later, she created Tool Belt and Scarf for Sonia Delaunay inspired by Delaunay (/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay) 's patterned designs. The belt, made of dowels, and the scarf, made of wood blocks, mirror the futuristic motifs of the painter and are surrounded by wooden implements such as paint brushes and pans, a needle, scissors and thread, which Delaunay might have used in her work. When the piece is worn, the tools of the artist's trade float around the wearer's knees. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004b25-10) Schick began a series of necklaces with autobiographical themes. The numbered pieces, Necklace 1 , Necklace 2 , and so forth, depict representations of her life journey. She used color to represent variations in mood, such as shiny metallic paint for Necklace 21 representing the year of her marriage and the addition of blacks, grays and whites to Necklace 29 , showing how much more complex her life became after the birth of her son. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004b26-26) In 2000, Schick was made a fellow of the American Craft Council (/wiki/American_Craft_Council) and in 2002 was honored by Governor of Kansas (/wiki/Governor_of_Kansas) , Bill Graves (/wiki/Bill_Graves) as the state's artist of the year. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Journal_of_the_Senate''20061170-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrich2017-28) In addition to her professorship, throughout her career, Schick taught at various seminars and workshops, including Arrowmont School of Arts and Crafts (/wiki/Arrowmont_School_of_Arts_and_Crafts) , the Cleveland Institute of Art (/wiki/Cleveland_Institute_of_Art) , the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts (/wiki/Haystack_Mountain_School_of_Crafts) , the Penland School of Crafts (/wiki/Penland_School_of_Crafts) in the United States and programs abroad at Middlesex Polytechnic (/wiki/Middlesex_Polytechnic) of London, the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design) in Oslo; the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (/wiki/Nova_Scotia_College_of_Art_and_Design) of Halifax (/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia) ; and at the Silpakorn University (/wiki/Silpakorn_University) in Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) . [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Journal_of_the_Senate''20061170-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrich2017-28) [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Joplin_Globe''199429-29) In 2004, Tacey A. Rosolowski (/w/index.php?title=Tacey_A._Rosolowski&action=edit&redlink=1) , a specialist in adornment art, prepared an oral history interview for the Smithsonian American Art Museum (/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum) with Schick. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeuman20088–9-30) A 40-year retrospective of the artist's work, Sculpture Transformed: The Work of Marjorie Schick , was curated by Rosolowski at Indiana University in 2007. Sixty-seven pieces of jewelry were exhibited covering the trajectory of Schick's development of themes and content, which focused on the transformative awareness of the body that one experienced while wearing her designs. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELovelace200736-31) Rosolowski was the principal collaborator on a book, Sculpture to Wear: The Jewelry of Marjorie Schick published as a retrospective of Schick's work by Arnoldsche Art Publishers in 2007. The book was written by ten contributors and covered the trajectory of Schick's career, assessing her innovation and impact on the development of the contemporary international jewelry aesthetic. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeuman20088–9-30) After the book was released, a retrospective of Schick's work, by the same title began touring. The exhibit, accompanied by lectures, featured works loaned from the collections of museums, and toured throughout the United States and Europe between 2008 and 2009. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoignard201015-32) [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKOAM-TV2017-33) Rosolowski also wrote the cover story, Sculpture for the Body for Craft Arts International ′s 2008 edition featuring Schick's work. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2008-34) In 2011, Schick's works were exhibited in a show at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D. C. [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson20111-35) and in 2013, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art) received 300 pieces of jewelry from the private collection of Lois Boardman (/w/index.php?title=Lois_Boardman&action=edit&redlink=1) which included some of Schick's designs. The works were featured in an exhibit Beyond Bling: Jewelry from the Lois Boardman Collection in 2017. [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2016-36) In 2016, Schick stated in an interview with Art Jewelry Forum (/wiki/Art_Jewelry_Forum) that her current work involved a series of wood shirts, whose design mimicked the styles of artists including Alexander Calder (/wiki/Alexander_Calder) and Jim Dine (/wiki/Jim_Dine) . [37] (#cite_note-37) Schick retired from teaching in 2017, after having served 50 years at Pittsburg State University. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2017-12) [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2016-6) Death and legacy [ edit ] Schick died from complications of a stroke on December 17, 2017, at the Kansas University Medical Center in Kansas City, Kansas. [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmos_Family_Funeral_Home2017-38) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECertificate_of_Death2017-4) Her pieces can be found in the permanent collections of many world-renowned museums, including the Hermitage Museum (/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) in Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) , Russia; the Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) in New York City; the National Gallery of Australia (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia) in Canberra (/wiki/Canberra) ; the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design) of Oslo (/wiki/Oslo) ; the National Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Kyoto) in Kyoto, Japan; the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art) in Seoul, South Korea; the National Museum of Scotland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland) of Edinburgh; the Philadelphia Museum of Art (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) in Pennsylvania; the Pinakothek der Moderne (/wiki/Pinakothek_der_Moderne) in Munich, Germany; and the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) of London. [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2016-36) [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKOAM-TV2017-33) Her teaching influenced generations of students including metalworkers Janet Lewis, whose works adorn the walls of the Pittsburg Public Library (/wiki/Pittsburg_Public_Library) , [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStefanoni201030-39) and Sam Farmer, a 1987 recipient of the Elizabeth B. Koch Fellowship from the Kansas Cultural Trust, [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMaster198737-40) as well as painter Tera Reed [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson20111-35) and Native American weaver Margaret Roach Wheeler (/wiki/Margaret_Roach_Wheeler) ( Choctaw (/wiki/Choctaw_Nation) - Chickasaw (/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation) ). [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams198613-41) Awards and honors [ edit ] 2000, Fellow of the American Craft Council (/wiki/American_Craft_Council) [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Journal_of_the_Senate''20061170-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrich2017-28) 2002, Kansas State Artist of the Year [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Journal_of_the_Senate''20061170-27) 2004, Chosen as an interviewee for the Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) 2006, Commendation from the State Senate of Kansas [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Journal_of_the_Senate''20061170-27) Selected exhibits [ edit ] 1983, solo debut, RA Gallery ( Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_language) : Galerie RA ), Amsterdam [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) 1985, solo show, VO Galerie, Washington, D.C. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn1985-42) 1985, solo show, Helen Drutt Gallery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) 1986, Jewelry, form and idea ( Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_language) : Sieraden, vorm en idee ), Gemeentelijke Van Reekum Museum, Apeldoorn (/wiki/Apeldoorn) , the Netherlands [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBestenCentrum_voor_Kunstzinnige_Vorming1986-43) 1987, Jewelry Now , traveling exhibition sponsored by the Virginia Commission for the Arts [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Daily_Press''198748-21) 1988, Marjorie Schick, Transition , solo exhibit, RA Gallery, Amsterdam [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 1989, Hats, Helmets and Other Headgear , Faith Nightingale Gallery, San Diego, California [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Craft_Horizons''198914-45) 1994, KPMG Peat Marwick Collection of American Craft: A Gift to the Renwick Gallery , Renwick Gallery of the National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithsonian_American_Art_Museum1994-46) 1996, New Times, New Thinking: Jewellery in Europe and America , Crafts Council (/wiki/Crafts_Council) , London [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner1996-47) 1998, Brooching it Diplomatically: A Tribute to Madeleine K. Albright, Secretary of State of the United States of America , Museum Het Kruithuis, Den Bosch (/wiki/%27s-Hertogenbosch) , the Netherlands opening. [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) The event, featuring 61 artists toured from the opening through 2000 throughout the world, including venues in Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands and at various galleries in the United States from Hawaii to New York and Philadelphia. [48] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin2000388_(magazine_insert_p=21)-48) 1998, Jewelry Moves , National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 1998, Marjorie Schick, A Sense of Place , solo exhibit, RA Gallery, Amsterdam [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004a-5) [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 1998, Time, Color Place , Mobilia Gallery, Cambridge, Massachusetts [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 2001, Masquerade, 25 years Galerie Ra , Amsterdam [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 2002, Zero Karat, the Donna Schneier Gift to the American Craft Museum , Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) , Manhattan [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) [49] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArtDaily2002-49) 2004, HOUdT van sieraden , Galerie Lous Martin, Delft, The Netherlands [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 2004, Treasures from the Vault: Contemporary Jewelry from the Permanent Collection , Museum of Arts and Design, Manhattan [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 2005, Schmuck 2005 , International Crafts Fair (/w/index.php?title=International_Crafts_Fair&action=edit&redlink=1) [ de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Handwerksmesse) ] , Munich [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) [50] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBavarian_Chambers_of_Crafts2005-50) 2005, 100 Brooches , Velvet da Vinci Gallery, San Francisco, California [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 2006, Challenging the Chatelaine , Design Museum (/wiki/Design_Museum,_Helsinki) , Helsinki [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) [51] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAavDruttKokkonen2006-51) 2006, Radiant—30 Years Ra Gallery , Amsterdam [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) 2006, Preziosa 2006: No body decoration , Villa Bottini, Lucca (/wiki/Lucca) , Italy [52] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergesio2007-52) 2007, Ornament as Art: Avant-Garde Jewelry from the Helen Williams Drutt Collection , Museum of Fine Arts (/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston) , Houston, Texas (/wiki/Houston,_Texas) . Following the opening the show toured throughout the United States until 2009. [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) [53] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStraussDrutt2007-53) 2007, Sculpture Transformed: The Work of Marjorie Schick , solo show, Museum of Craft and Design, San Francisco, California. After the opening exhibit, the tour which ran through 2009 included venues at the Indiana University Art Museum (/wiki/Indiana_University_Art_Museum) at Bloomington, Indiana; the Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art (/wiki/Marianna_Kistler_Beach_Museum_of_Art) in Manhattan, Kansas; the Fuller Craft Museum (/wiki/Fuller_Craft_Museum) of Brockton, Massachusetts (/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts) ; and the Muskegon Museum of Art in Muskegon, Michigan (/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan) . [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''IU_News''2007-54) 2013, Dare to Wear: The Collection of Paul Derrez and Willem Hoogstede , Cultuur Onder Dak Apeldoorn (CODA), Apeldoorn (/wiki/Apeldoorn) , the Netherlands [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) [55] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBesten2013-55) 2014, Gifts from America: 1948–2013 , Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFulk2015-56) 2016, Beyond Bling: contemporary jewelry from the Lois Boardman Collection , Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles, California [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2016-36) 2017, Medusa, Bijoux et tabous , Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris) , Paris, France [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoornbusch2016-44) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllingsworthn.d._1-0) Ellingsworth n.d (#CITEREFEllingsworthn.d.) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Breeze_Courier''2006_2-0) The Breeze Courier 2006 (#CITEREFThe_Breeze_Courier2006) . ^ a b The Journal and Courier 1963 (#CITEREFThe_Journal_and_Courier1963) , p. 3. ^ a b Certificate of Death 2017 (#CITEREFCertificate_of_Death2017) . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Rosolowski 2004a (#CITEREFRosolowski2004a) . ^ a b c d e Lambert 2016 (#CITEREFLambert2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski200840_7-0) Rosolowski 2008 (#CITEREFRosolowski2008) , p. 40. ^ a b c Koplos & Metcalf 2010 (#CITEREFKoplosMetcalf2010) , p. 435. ^ a b c d Finkelstein 1990 (#CITEREFFinkelstein1990) , p. 42. ^ a b c Rosolowski 2004b (#CITEREFRosolowski2004b) , p. 25. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchick2010_11-0) Schick 2010 (#CITEREFSchick2010) . ^ a b Price 2017 (#CITEREFPrice2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski200842_13-0) Rosolowski 2008 (#CITEREFRosolowski2008) , p. 42. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski200842–43_14-0) Rosolowski 2008 (#CITEREFRosolowski2008) , pp. 42–43. ^ a b c Koplos & Metcalf 2010 (#CITEREFKoplosMetcalf2010) , p. 436. ^ a b Rosolowski 2008 (#CITEREFRosolowski2008) , p. 43. ^ a b Simon 2004 (#CITEREFSimon2004) , p. 46. ^ a b c Donohoe 1986 (#CITEREFDonohoe1986) , p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski200844_19-0) Rosolowski 2008 (#CITEREFRosolowski2008) , p. 44. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski200845_20-0) Rosolowski 2008 (#CITEREFRosolowski2008) , p. 45. ^ a b The Daily Press 1987 (#CITEREFThe_Daily_Press1987) , p. 48. ^ a b c d Brown 1999 (#CITEREFBrown1999) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShearing199853_23-0) Shearing 1998 (#CITEREFShearing1998) , p. 53. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004b25–26_24-0) Rosolowski 2004b (#CITEREFRosolowski2004b) , pp. 25–26. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorie20013_25-0) Storie 2001 (#CITEREFStorie2001) , p. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski2004b26_26-0) Rosolowski 2004b (#CITEREFRosolowski2004b) , p. 26. ^ a b c d e Journal of the Senate 2006 (#CITEREFJournal_of_the_Senate2006) , p. 1170. ^ a b c Goodrich 2017 (#CITEREFGoodrich2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Joplin_Globe''199429_29-0) The Joplin Globe 1994 (#CITEREFThe_Joplin_Globe1994) , p. 29. ^ a b Neuman 2008 (#CITEREFNeuman2008) , pp. 8–9. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELovelace200736_31-0) Lovelace 2007 (#CITEREFLovelace2007) , p. 36. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoignard201015_32-0) Moignard 2010 (#CITEREFMoignard2010) , p. 15. ^ a b KOAM-TV 2017 (#CITEREFKOAM-TV2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosolowski2008_34-0) Rosolowski 2008 (#CITEREFRosolowski2008) . ^ a b Johnson 2011 (#CITEREFJohnson2011) , p. 1. ^ a b c Wong 2016 (#CITEREFWong2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Who's Afraid of Marjorie Schick? | Art Jewelry Forum" (https://artjewelryforum.org/who%E2%80%99s-afraid-of-marjorie-schick) . artjewelryforum.org . Retrieved July 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmos_Family_Funeral_Home2017_38-0) Amos Family Funeral Home 2017 (#CITEREFAmos_Family_Funeral_Home2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStefanoni201030_39-0) Stefanoni 2010 (#CITEREFStefanoni2010) , p. 30. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMaster198737_40-0) McMaster 1987 (#CITEREFMcMaster1987) , p. 37. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams198613_41-0) Williams 1986 (#CITEREFWilliams1986) , p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn1985_42-0) Kuhn 1985 (#CITEREFKuhn1985) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBestenCentrum_voor_Kunstzinnige_Vorming1986_43-0) Besten & Centrum voor Kunstzinnige Vorming 1986 (#CITEREFBestenCentrum_voor_Kunstzinnige_Vorming1986) . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Doornbusch 2016 (#CITEREFDoornbusch2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Craft_Horizons''198914_45-0) Craft Horizons 1989 (#CITEREFCraft_Horizons1989) , p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithsonian_American_Art_Museum1994_46-0) Smithsonian American Art Museum 1994 (#CITEREFSmithsonian_American_Art_Museum1994) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner1996_47-0) Turner 1996 (#CITEREFTurner1996) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin2000388_(magazine_insert_p=21)_48-0) McLaughlin 2000 (#CITEREFMcLaughlin2000) , p. 388 (magazine insert p=21). ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArtDaily2002_49-0) ArtDaily 2002 (#CITEREFArtDaily2002) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBavarian_Chambers_of_Crafts2005_50-0) Bavarian Chambers of Crafts 2005 (#CITEREFBavarian_Chambers_of_Crafts2005) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAavDruttKokkonen2006_51-0) Aav, Drutt & Kokkonen 2006 (#CITEREFAavDruttKokkonen2006) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergesio2007_52-0) Bergesio 2007 (#CITEREFBergesio2007) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStraussDrutt2007_53-0) Strauss & Drutt 2007 (#CITEREFStraussDrutt2007) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''IU_News''2007_54-0) IU News 2007 (#CITEREFIU_News2007) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBesten2013_55-0) Besten 2013 (#CITEREFBesten2013) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFulk2015_56-0) Fulk 2015 (#CITEREFFulk2015) . 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"Helen Drutt: The State Hermitage Museum Exhibition" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180128203752/https://artjewelryforum.org/curators/helen-drutt-the-state-hermitage-museum-exhibition) . Art Jewelry Forum . San Francisco, California. Archived from the original (https://artjewelryforum.org/curators/helen-drutt-the-state-hermitage-museum-exhibition) on January 28, 2018 . Retrieved January 29, 2018 . Goodrich, Beth (December 28, 2017). "Remembering: Marjorie Schick" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180123225424/https://craftcouncil.org/post/remembering-marjorie-schick) . Craft Council . Minneapolis, Minnesota: American Craft Council (/wiki/American_Craft_Council) . Archived from the original (https://craftcouncil.org/post/remembering-marjorie-schick) on January 23, 2018 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 . Johnson, Jenelle (September 20, 2011). "Local teacher finds hidden passion" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-sep-20-2011-535621/) . Iola, Kansas: The Iola Register. p. 1 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . Koplos, Janet; Metcalf, Bruce (2010). Makers: A History of American Studio Craft . Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press (/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8078-9583-2 . Kuhn, Roger (Fall 1985). "Galleries: The Vo Galerie" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180128200100/https://www.ganoksin.com/article/galleries-vo-galerie/) . Metalsmith . Clinton, Ohio: Society of North American Goldsmiths. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0270-1146 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0270-1146) . Archived from the original (https://www.ganoksin.com/article/galleries-vo-galerie/) on January 28, 2018 . Retrieved January 28, 2018 – via The Ganoksin Project. Lambert, Matt (April 14, 2016). "Who's Afraid of Marjorie Schick?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180125225324/https://artjewelryforum.org/who%E2%80%99s-afraid-of-marjorie-schick) . Art Jewelry Forum . San Francisco, California. Archived from the original (https://artjewelryforum.org/who’s-afraid-of-marjorie-schick) on January 25, 2018 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 . Lovelace, Joyce (December 2007). "Profoundly Radical" (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=504404099&site=ehost-live) . American Craft . 67 (6). Minneapolis, Minnesota: American Craft Council (/wiki/American_Craft_Council) : 36. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0194-8008 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0194-8008) . Retrieved January 26, 2018 . – via EBSCO (https://www.ebsco.com) 's Academic Search Complete (subscription required) McLaughlin, Patricia (February 27, 2000). "Pins with a point" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16945594/the_philadelphia_inquirer/) . The Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer) . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 388 (magazine insert p:21) . Retrieved January 28, 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . McMaster, Carolyn (June 28, 1987). "An art for adornment" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jun-28-1987-535602/) . The Lawrence Journal-World (/wiki/The_Lawrence_Journal-World) . Lawrence, Kansas. p. 37 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . Moignard, Elizabeth (Spring 2010). "Reviews: Marjorie Schick Sculpture to Wear" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180126174226/https://www.acj.org.uk/images/pdf/findings/findings50.pdf) (PDF) . Findings (50). London, England: Association of Contemporary Jewelers: 15. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2041-7047 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2041-7047) . Archived from the original (https://www.acj.org.uk/images/pdf/findings/findings50.pdf) (PDF) on January 26, 2018 . Retrieved January 26, 2018 . Neuman, Ursula (2008). "Review: Sculpture to Wear: The Jewelry of Marjorie Schick Tacry Rosolowski et al. Arnoldsche Art Publishers, Stuttgart, 2007" (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=32819303&site=ehost-live) . Metalsmith . 28 (3). Clinton, Ohio: Society of North American Goldsmiths: 8–9. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0270-1146 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0270-1146) . Retrieved January 23, 2018 . – via EBSCO (https://www.ebsco.com) 's Academic Search Complete (subscription required) Price, Brianna (June 8, 2017). "Two lives intertwined in one university" (http://www.psucollegio.com/news/two-lives-intertwined-in-one-university/article_d3fbb200-4c8e-11e7-bd26-3f9d09a287b7.html) . Pittsburg, Kansas: The Collegio . Retrieved January 26, 2018 . Rosolowski, Tacey A. (Winter 2004b). "Marjorie Schick: Objects of Self-Consciousness" (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=505127970&site=ehost-live) . Metalsmith . 24 (1). Clinton, Ohio: Society of North American Goldsmiths: 24–33. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0270-1146 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0270-1146) . Retrieved January 23, 2018 . – via EBSCO (https://www.ebsco.com) 's Academic Search Complete (subscription required) Rosolowski, Tacey A. (April 6, 2004a). "Oral history interview with Marjorie Schick" (http://www.aaa.si.edu:80/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-marjorie-schick-11818) . AAA.si . New York City, New York: Smithsonian Institution (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) 's Archives of American Art (/wiki/Archives_of_American_Art) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031064428/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-marjorie-schick-11818) from the original on October 31, 2016 . Retrieved January 24, 2018 . Rosolowski, Tacey A. (2008). "Sculpture for the Body" (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=31727386&site=ehost-live) . Craft Arts International (72). Sydney, New South Wales, Australia: Craft Art Pty Limited: 39–45. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1038-846X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1038-846X) . Retrieved January 23, 2018 . – via EBSCO (https://www.ebsco.com) 's Academic Search Complete (subscription required) Schick, Marjorie (2010). "Marjorie K. Schick—Artist Statement" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100528083154/http://www.pittstate.edu/dotAsset/175131.pdf) (PDF) . PittState.edu . Pittsburg, Kansas: Pittsburg State University (/wiki/Pittsburg_State_University) . Archived from the original (http://www.pittstate.edu/dotAsset/175131.pdf) (PDF) on May 28, 2010 . Retrieved January 28, 2018 . Shearing, Graham (April 30, 1998). "An Artistic Put On" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16824703/north_hills_news_record/) . North Hills News Record . p. 53 . Retrieved January 24, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Simon, Marjorie (Summer 2004). "Jewelry Beyond Jewelry: Eva Eisler, Thomas Gentille, Myra Mimlitsch-Gray, Keith E. Lobue, and Marjorie Schick" (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=505094863&site=ehost-live) . Metalsmith . 24 (3). Clinton, Ohio: Society of North American Goldsmiths: 46 . Retrieved January 26, 2018 . – via EBSCO (https://www.ebsco.com) 's Academic Search Complete (subscription required) Stefanoni, Andra Bryan (September 2, 2010). "Woman uses artistic expertise with metals to create copper pieces for Pittsburg library" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-sep-02-2010-535606/) . The Joplin Globe (/wiki/The_Joplin_Globe) . Joplin, Missouri. p. 30 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . Storie (November 15, 2001). "Jewelry more than an accessory" (https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=7875&context=bg-news) . Vol. 92, no. 52. Bowling Green, Ohio: BG News (/wiki/BG_News) . p. 3. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180126221908/https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2F&httpsredir=1&article=7875&context=bg-news) from the original on January 26, 2018 . Retrieved January 26, 2018 . Strauss, Cindi; Drutt, Helen Williams (2007). Ornament as Art: Avant-garde Jewelry from the Helen Williams Drutt Collection, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston . Stuttgart, Germany: Arnoldsche Art Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-89790-273-2 . Turner, Ralph (1996). Jewelry in Europe and America: New Times, New Thinking . London, England: Thames and Hudson Limited. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-500-27879-6 . Williams, Gina (July 20, 1986). "Artist weaving past into business future (pt 1)" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jul-20-1986-535612/) . The Joplin Globe (/wiki/The_Joplin_Globe) . Joplin, Missouri. p. 13 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . and Williams, Gina (July 20, 1986). "Artist weaving past into business future (pt 2)" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-jul-20-1986-535613/) . The Joplin Globe (/wiki/The_Joplin_Globe) . Joplin, Missouri. p. 13 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . Wong, Jocelyn (October 24, 2016). "Beyond Bling: Marjorie Schick" (http://unframed.lacma.org:80/2016/10/24/beyond-bling-marjorie-schick) . Unframed . Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles County Museum of Art (/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170320055636/http://unframed.lacma.org/2016/10/24/beyond-bling-marjorie-schick) from the original on March 20, 2017 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 . "Artist Offers Program" (https://newspaperarchive.com/susun-wilkinson-celebrity-clipping-sep-16-1994-533785/) . The Joplin Globe (/wiki/The_Joplin_Globe) . Joplin, Missouri. September 16, 1994. p. 29 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . Certificate of Death: Marjorie K. Schick (Report). Topeka, Kansas: Kansas Department of Health and Environment Office of Vital Statistics. December 17, 2017. 115-2017-24609. "Eleanor C. Krask" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180123225446/http://breezecourier.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=73933&SectionID=56&SubSectionID=580&S=1) . Taylorville, Illinois: The Breeze Courier. September 7, 2006. Archived from the original (http://breezecourier.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=73933&SectionID=56&SubSectionID=580&S=1) on January 23, 2018 . Retrieved January 23, 2018 . "Faith Nightingale Gallery presents "Hats, Helmets and Other Headgear" (http://digital.craftcouncil.org/digital/collection/p15785coll2/id/16014/rec/22) " (http://digital.craftcouncil.org/digital/collection/p15785coll2/id/16014/rec/22) . Craft Horizons . 49 (2). New York, New York: American Craftsmen's Council: 14. April–May 1989. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0011-0744 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0011-0744) . Retrieved January 28, 2018 . "Former colleagues, students mourning loss of 50-year faculty member" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171222090756/http://www.koamtv.com/story/37110673/former-colleagues-students-mourning-loss-of-50-year-faculty-member) . Pittsburg, Kansas/Joplin, Missouri: KOAM-TV (/wiki/KOAM-TV) . December 20, 2017. Archived from the original (http://www.koamtv.com/story/37110673/former-colleagues-students-mourning-loss-of-50-year-faculty-member) on December 22, 2017 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 . " (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16804376/jewelry_now_exhibit_to_open_the/) 'Jewelry Now' exhibit to open" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16804376/jewelry_now_exhibit_to_open_the/) . The Daily Press (/wiki/Daily_Press_(Virginia)) . Newport News, Virginia. February 26, 1987. p. 48 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . "Krask-Schick Vows Spoken" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16802286/kraskschick_vows_spoken_the_journal/) . Lafayette, Indiana: The Journal and Courier (/wiki/Journal_%26_Courier) . August 13, 1963. p. 3 . Retrieved January 23, 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . "Marjorie K. Schick" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180123223043/http://www.amosfamily.com/2017/12/marjorie-k-schick/) . Amos Family . Shawnee, Kansas: Amos Family Funeral Home. December 19, 2017. Archived from the original (http://www.amosfamily.com/2017/12/marjorie-k-schick/) on January 23, 2018 . Retrieved January 24, 2018 . "Marjorie Schick" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170926154842/https://americanart.si.edu/artist/marjorie-schick-6281) . American Art . Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian American Art Museum. 1994. Archived from the original (https://americanart.si.edu/artist/marjorie-schick-6281) on September 26, 2017 . Retrieved January 28, 2018 . "Sculpture transformed: The work of Marjorie Schick" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160827185704/http://newsinfo.iu.edu/web/page/normal/6443.html) . Bloomington, Indiana: IU News. October 6, 2007. Archived from the original (http://newsinfo.iu.edu/web/page/normal/6443.html) on August 27, 2016 . Retrieved January 28, 2018 . "Senate Resolution No. 1820" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171215152303/http://www.kansas.gov/government/legislative/journals/2006/sj0303.pdf) (PDF) . Kansas.gov . Topeka, Kansas: Kansas Senate (/wiki/Kansas_Senate) . March 3, 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.kansas.gov/government/legislative/journals/2006/sj0303.pdf) (PDF) on December 15, 2017 . Retrieved January 27, 2018 . "Schmuck 2005" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180128221643/http://195.145.108.188/artikel/schmuck-2005-74,0,1056.html) [Jewelry 2005]. Bayerischen Handwerkskammern (in German). Munich, Germany: Bavarian Chambers of Crafts. March 16, 2005. Archived from the original (http://195.145.108.188/artikel/schmuck-2005-74,0,1056.html) on January 28, 2018 . Retrieved January 28, 2018 . "Zero Karat: The Donna Schneier" (http://artdaily.com/news/1698/-quot-Zero-Karat--The-Donna-Schneier-quot-#.Wm5DDOdG3IU) . ArtDaily (/w/index.php?title=ArtDaily&action=edit&redlink=1) . Mexico City, Mexico. 2002 . Retrieved January 28, 2018 . Further reading [ edit ] Schick, Marjorie (1985). Body Works & Wearable Sculpture: Exhibition organized for Visual Arts Center of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, April 22 - May 18, 1985 and University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, Alaska, May 24 - July 7, 1985 . Anchorage, Alaska: Visual Arts Center of Alaska. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 48473387 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48473387) . Rosolowski, Tacey A., ed. (2007). Sculpture Transformed: The work of Marjorie Schick . Washington, D.C.: International Arts & Artists. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-976-71022-6 . Rosolowski, Tacey, ed. (2007). Sculpture to Wear: The jewelry of Marjorie Schick (Illustrated ed.). Stuttgart, Germany: Arnoldsche Art Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-897-90258-9 . External links [ edit ] Examples of Marjorie Schick's artwork from Pittsburg State University (http://www.pittstate.net/department/art/faculty/marjorie-schick-professional-work.dot) Oral history interview (https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-marjorie-schick-11818) , 2004 audio Marjorie Schick: Celebrating a Life in Art, June 2018 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86gov9Eyo4g) v t e American Craft Council College of Fellows (/wiki/American_Craft_Council) Honorary Fellows are listed in italics . 1975 Adda Husted Andersen (/wiki/Adda_Husted_Andersen) Dorothy Meredith (/wiki/Dorothy_Meredith) Ed Rossbach (/wiki/Ed_Rossbach) Frans Wildenhain (/wiki/Frans_Wildenhain) Harvey Littleton (/wiki/Harvey_Littleton) Lenore Tawney (/wiki/Lenore_Tawney) Lili Blumenau (/wiki/Lili_Blumenau) Peter Voulkos (/wiki/Peter_Voulkos) Sam Maloof (/wiki/Sam_Maloof) Toshiko Takaezu (/wiki/Toshiko_Takaezu) Trude Guermonprez (/wiki/Trude_Guermonprez) Florence Eastmead (/w/index.php?title=Florence_Eastmead&action=edit&redlink=1) Francis Sumner Merritt (/wiki/Francis_Sumner_Merritt) Margaret Patch (/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Patch&action=edit&redlink=1) Mary Lyon (/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lyon_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1) Maurine Roberts (/w/index.php?title=Maurine_Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1) Rudolph Schaeffer (/wiki/Rudolph_Schaeffer) 1976 Charles Loloma (/wiki/Charles_Loloma) Else Regensteiner (/wiki/Else_Regensteiner) John Paul Miller (/wiki/John_Paul_Miller) Karen Karnes (/wiki/Karen_Karnes) Laura Anderson (/w/index.php?title=Laura_Anderson_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1) Ronald Hayes Pearson (/wiki/Ronald_Hayes_Pearson) Ruth Penington (/wiki/Ruth_Penington) Anna Wetherill Olmsted (/wiki/Anna_Wetherill_Olmsted) Lloyd Kiva New (/wiki/Lloyd_Kiva_New) 1977 Alice Kagawa Parrott (/wiki/Alice_Kagawa_Parrott) Daniel Rhodes (/wiki/Daniel_Rhodes) Don Reitz (/wiki/Don_Reitz) John Prip (/wiki/John_Prip) Mary Caroline Richards (/wiki/M._C._Richards) Ramona Solberg (/wiki/Ramona_Solberg) Robert C. Turner (/wiki/Robert_Chapman_Turner) Aileen Osborn Webb (/wiki/Aileen_Osborn_Webb) 1978 Alma Eikerman (/wiki/Alma_Eikerman) Bob Stocksdale (/wiki/Bob_Stocksdale) Dominick Labino (/wiki/Dominick_Labino) Frederick Miller (/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Miller_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1) Jack Lenor Larsen (/wiki/Jack_Lenor_Larsen) L. 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Lower price line from a high-end brand A diffusion line (also known as a bridge line ) [1] (#cite_note-ft-1) is a secondary line of merchandise (/wiki/Merchandise) created by a high-end fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) or fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) that retails at lower prices. [2] (#cite_note-CummingCunnington2010-2) These ranges are separate from a fashion house's "signature line", or principal artistic line, that typically retails at much higher prices. Diffusion products may be on sale alongside designers' signature lines but they can also be made available at concession (/wiki/Concession_(contract)) outlets and certain chain stores (/wiki/Chain_store) . The use of a diffusion line is a part of the strategy of massification (/wiki/Massification) where luxury brands attempt to reach a broader market in order to increase revenue and brand recognition. Diffusion lines serve several purposes for designers. They can substantially increase sales volumes as their products become more affordable to a wider audience at the lower price point, with the designer at the same time leveraging the desirability of their premium ranges to create a kind of halo effect (/wiki/Halo_effect#As_a_business_model) . They can also be a response to offset the effect of chain stores copying their products and undercutting the designer's prices. [3] (#cite_note-3) Armani Exchange (/wiki/Armani_Exchange) in Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) Diffusion lines [ edit ] Diffusion line Brand Notes Reference(s) 10 Crosby Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) [4] (#cite_note-fashionspot-4) AAPE by A Bathing Ape A Bathing Ape (/wiki/A_Bathing_Ape) Armani Exchange (/wiki/Armani_Exchange) , Armani Jeans (/wiki/Armani_Jeans_(brand)) , Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) Armani (/wiki/Armani) [1] (#cite_note-ft-1) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) BDL Ben de Lisi (/wiki/Ben_de_Lisi) For Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) Cheap & Chic, Love Moschino, Moschino Jeans Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) CK, CK Jeans, Calvin Klein Underwear Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(fashion_house)) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) CDG, Comme des Garçons Homme, Comme des Garçons PLAY, Comme des Garçons BLACK, Comme des Garçons Girl, Comme des Garçons SHIRT, Comme des Garçons WALLET Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) D&G Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) Closed 2011 [1] (#cite_note-ft-1) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) DRKSHDW, Rick Owens Lillies Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) [6] (#cite_note-6) Farhi Nicole Farhi (/wiki/Nicole_Farhi) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph-5) Fendissime, Fendi 365, Fendi Country, Fendi Jeans, Fendi Maglia Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Giamba Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) [9] (#cite_note-9) Halston III, H Halston Halston (/wiki/Halston) Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) ICE, ICE JEANS, SPORT ICE Iceberg (/wiki/Iceberg_(fashion_house)) JPG Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) Just Cavalli, Cavalli Class, Roberto Cavalli Sport Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) [10] (#cite_note-10) Karl Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Kate Spade Saturday Kate Spade (/wiki/Kate_Spade) Closed 2015 Lacoste Live! Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) L'Agent Agent Provocateur (/wiki/Agent_Provocateur_(lingerie)) [13] (#cite_note-13) Marc New York Andrew Marc (/wiki/Andrew_Marc) [14] (#cite_note-14) Marc by Marc Jacobs, The Marc Jacobs Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Marc by Marc Jacobs closed 2015, The Marc Jacobs launched 2019 [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Max&Co Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) McQ Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) "suspended" 2022 [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) MICHAEL by Michael Kors Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Mimi Holliday Damaris (/wiki/Damaris_Evans) [22] (#cite_note-22) M Missoni Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) Miss Wu Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) [23] (#cite_note-23) MM6 Maison Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Margiela) MW Matthew Williamson (/wiki/Matthew_Williamson) For Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) [1] (#cite_note-ft-1) Notte Marchesa (/wiki/Marchesa_(brand)) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) Overture Judith Leiber (/wiki/Judith_Leiber) [1] (#cite_note-ft-1) Pierre Balmain (/wiki/Pierre_Balmain) Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) [1] (#cite_note-ft-1) Philipp Plein Fetish Philipp Plein (/wiki/Philipp_Plein) R.E.D. Valentino Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) Will close 2024 [4] (#cite_note-fashionspot-4) [26] (#cite_note-26) Richard Chai Love Richard Chai (/wiki/Richard_Chai) [4] (#cite_note-fashionspot-4) See Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) [4] (#cite_note-fashionspot-4) Simply Vera Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) For Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) and Harris Scarfe (/wiki/Harris_Scarfe) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Sonia Sonia Rykiel (/wiki/Sonia_Rykiel) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) T Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) [31] (#cite_note-31) Tommy Jeans Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Valentino Garavani Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) Versus (/wiki/Versus_(Versace)) , Versace Jeans Couture (/wiki/Versace_Jeans_Couture) , Versace Collection, Versace Classic V2, V2 Versace (/wiki/Versace) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) Victoria Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) [34] (#cite_note-34) Wannabe Patrick Cox (/wiki/Patrick_Cox) [35] (#cite_note-35) Y-3,Y's, Ground Y Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) Y-3 for Adidas Z Zegna Ermenegildo Zegna (/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_Group) Z Spoke Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) For Saks (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) [4] (#cite_note-fashionspot-4) [36] (#cite_note-36) Zac Zac Posen Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) [37] (#cite_note-37) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Jopson, Barney (2011-06-06). "Middle market: Second-tier brands tap into straitened times" (https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a6e386fe-8dad-11e0-a0c4-00144feab49a.html) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-CummingCunnington2010_2-0) Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, Cecil Willett (/wiki/Cecil_Willett_Cunnington) ; Cunnington, Phillis E. (/wiki/Phillis_Emily_Cunnington) ; Charles Relly Beard (15 November 2010). The Dictionary of Fashion History . Bloomsbury Academic. p. 66. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-534-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Robson, Julia (3 April 2006). "Second String, First Class" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG3352570/Second-string-first-class.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 14 August 2014 . ^ a b c d e Schimminger, Morgan C. (2011-05-27). "Five Top-Notch Designer Diffusion Lines" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141027142301/http://www.theukfashionspot.co.uk/runway-news/167401-five-top-notch-designer-diffusion-lines/) . The Fashion Spot . Archived from the original (http://www.theukfashionspot.co.uk/runway-news/167401-five-top-notch-designer-diffusion-lines/) on 2014-10-27 . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ a b c d e f g Robson, Julia (2006-04-03). "Second string, first class" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG3352570/Second-string-first-class.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wilson, Eric (17 July 2013). "Rick Owens Opens a SoHo Pop-Up" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/fashion/rick-owens-opens-a-soho-pop-up.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sarah Gay Forden (25 January 1994), Fast Forward At Fendi (https://wwd.com/feature/fast-forward-at-fendi-1152507-1748881/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lisa Lockwood (29 October 1996), Tyler licenses Gruppo Nadini for a collection (https://wwd.com/feature/article-1120874-1778103/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Fearon, Francesca (2014-10-01). "Cavalli, Gucci, Ferretti and Max Mara revive the 70s in Milan" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/executive-living/cavalli-gucci-ferretti-and-max-mara-revive-the-70s-in-milan/story-e6frg9zo-1227075581299) . The Australian (/wiki/The_Australian) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Jacobs, Alexandra (18 September 2014). "Milan Fashion Week Morning Report, Day 2" (http://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/18/milan-fashion-week-morning-report-day-2-prada-fendi-roberto-cavalli/) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Gallagher, Victoria (2011-10-24). "Karl Lagerfeld to launch diffusion line" (https://www.drapersonline.com/companies/brands/karl-lagerfeld-to-launch-diffusion-line) . Drapers . Retrieved 2022-07-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "ABOUT THE BRAND - Karl Lagerfeld" (https://www.karl.com/experience/en/about-us/) . karl.com . July 16, 2022 . Retrieved July 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Kermali, Sarah (2012-10-24). "Penelope And Monica Cruz Design Lingerie Line" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/10/24/penelope-cruz-monica-cruz-lingerie-collection---underwear-range-with-agent-provocateur) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved 2014-10-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "About Us - Andrew Marc" (https://www.andrewmarc.com/category/customer+service/about+us.do) . Retrieved 2018-09-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Chan, Stephanie (2015-03-23). "Marc by Marc Jacobs Is Shutting Down" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/marc-by-marc-jacobs-is-783628/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2023-11-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Who Or What Is THE Marc Jacobs? The Man Himself Introduces His New Brand" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a27655409/the-marc-jacobs-brand-launch/) . ELLE . 2019-05-30 . Retrieved 2023-11-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Alexander, Ella (2012-09-17). "Alistair Carr Joins McQ" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/09/17/alistair-carr-mcq-head-of-design) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Edelson, Sharon (2008-11-18). "McQueen on Target" (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/mass-off-price/mcqueen-on-target-1863903?full=true) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Herrera, Robert (25 June 2022). "Alexander McQueen Suspends its McQ Line" (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/Alexander-mcqueen-suspends-its-mcq-line,1418192.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2023-11-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "The fashion designer who fits and flatters" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/the-fashion-designer-who-fits-and-flatters-1826799.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . 2009-11-25 . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Lutz, Ashley (15 February 2013). "Michael Kors Just Beat Every Other Fashion Brand" (http://www.businessinsider.com/michael-kors-is-most-searched-for-brand-2013-2) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Treat Yourself With Mimi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141027141225/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2003/12/30/treat-yourself-with-mimi) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . 2003-12-30. Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2003/12/30/treat-yourself-with-mimi) on 2014-10-27 . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Cowles, Charlotte (2012-10-03). "Michelle Obama Wore Jason Wu's New Label Before Everyone Else" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2012/10/michelle-obama-wore-jason-wus-new-label-first.html) . The Cut (/wiki/Vulture_(blog)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Wischhover, Cheryl (2013-06-07). "Marchesa Launching Beauty Line with Revlon" (http://fashionista.com/2013/06/marchesa-launching-beauty-line-with-revlon) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Marchesa Makeup For Revlon Launches With Nail Art" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/07/marchesa-makeup-revlon_n_3402124.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . 2013-06-07 . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Zargani, Luisa (2021-05-18). "Valentino to Go Fur-Free, Terminate Red Valentino" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/valentino-goes-fur-free-terminates-red-valentino-1234825165/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-11-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) St. James, Matthew (2011-01-18). "Vera Wang Brand History" (http://www.fashionintime.org/vera-wang-brand-history) . Fashion in Time . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Lysacek, Evan (/wiki/Evan_Lysacek) . "Vera Wang" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/vera-wang) . Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Karmali, Sarah (2013-05-28). "Sonia Rykiel's New Footwear Partner" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/05/28/robert-clergerie-shoes-for-sonia-rykiel---roland-mouret) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Menkes, Suzy (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) (2012-02-28). "Chloe and Rykiel Secondary Lines Are Coming Into Their Own" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/fashion/29iht-rsecond29.html?pagewanted=all) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Clott, Sharon (2009-01-15). "Alexander Wang's Diffusion Line Drops in Two Weeks" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2009/01/alexander_wangs_diffusion_line.html) . The Cut (/wiki/Vulture_(blog)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Castrillo, François (2013-10-07). "M.I.A. pour Versus Versace" (http://en.vogue.fr/fashion/fashion-news/diaporama/m-i-a-for-versus-versace/15600) [M.I.A. for Versus Versace]. Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) (in French). Translated by Holly Meehan . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "VERSACE LAUNCHES V2, WOMEN'S DIFFUSION LINE" (https://wwd.com/feature/article-1124291-1774917/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . 1996-10-10. ^ (#cite_ref-34) Milligan, Lauren (2011-08-13). "Victoria's Other Wardrobe" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/09/13/victoria-beckham---diffusion-second-line-launch) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Tyrrel, Rebecca (16 January 2003). "The King of the Cobblers" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG3306514/The-king-of-the-cobblers.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 14 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Achara, sther Adams (2010-04-15). "Zac Posen for Target Launches—And One Londoner Just Can't Wait" (http://www.vogue.com/871097/vd-zac-posen-for-target-launches8212and-one-londoner-just-cant-wait) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Karmali, Sarah (2013-02-06). "Zac Posen Launches New Contemporary Line" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/02/06/zac-zac-posen-new-contemporary-line-launches---younger-affordable-diffusion-collection) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved 2014-10-27 . 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Beauty standards within China or Chinese communities Female Chinese beauty standards have become a well-known feature of Chinese culture (/wiki/Chinese_culture) . A 2018 survey conducted by the Great British Academy of Aesthetic Medicine concluded that Chinese beauty culture (/wiki/Beauty_standards) prioritizes an oval face shape, pointed, narrow chin, plump lips, well defined Cupid's bows (/wiki/Cupid%27s_bow) , and obtuse jaw angle. [1] (#cite_note-1) The importance of feminine beauty in China has been deeply ingrained into the culture: historically, a woman's livelihood was often determined by her ability to find an eligible husband, a feat aided by fitting into the cultural ideals of beauty. [2] (#cite_note-2) Black hair (/wiki/Black_hair) that is long, thick and shiny is seen as particularly beautiful among Chinese women. [3] (#cite_note-Eberhard_2006_p._163-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Similarly, pale, ivory skin, and a slim body figure have historical implications as being a physical representation of wealth and affluence. More recently, however, tan skin (/wiki/Tan_skin) has emerged as the preferred beauty ideal among some younger Chinese women, who view their tan skin as healthier and more attractive than pale skin. [5] (#cite_note-Lim2021-5) A relatively new ideal ingrained into Chinese culture consists of the notion of having a double eyelid (/wiki/Double_eyelid) . The term double eyelid refers to the prominent crease natural to approximately 66.7% and 83.1% of Chinese women. [6] (#cite_note-6) For the minority that does not naturally have them, this look can be achieved temporarily by using specific cosmetic products such as tape or glue. A permanent option is to undergo a procedure titled blepharoplasty (/wiki/Blepharoplasty) , which utilizes cosmetic surgery to reshape the eyelid. [7] (#cite_note-7) Li Bingbing (/wiki/Li_Bingbing) , a Chinese actress A Chinese woman during the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) History [ edit ] Xishi, one of the Four Beauties (/wiki/Four_Beauties) The emphasis that both Taoist (/wiki/Taoist) and Confucian (/wiki/Confucian) notions of female (/wiki/Female) beauty place on the relationship between inner (/wiki/Inner_beauty) and outer beauty has influenced the creation of the Chinese female beauty ideal. To further see the history of this culture, as well as how these ideals came into place see Chinese Culture (/wiki/Chinese_Culture) . Outer beauty was thought to represent virtuousness, talent, and other positive characteristics. In Taoist thought, women with masculine voices make poor sexual partners (/wiki/Sexual_partner) , because this trait suggests an excess of qi (/wiki/Qi) that inhibits the attainment of sexual harmony. In her article "Female Bodily Aesthetics, Politics, and Feminine Ideals of Beauty," Eva Kit Wah Man articulates how Confucianism and Taoism played essential roles in the creation of Chinese beauty ideals: "In the Chinese tradition, as in other cultures, both the external sexual and inner moral dimensions determine the beauty of a woman…The notion of female beauty comes from both ( Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) and Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) )." " Femininity (/wiki/Femininity) " does not refer to an aspect of a dichotomy between mind and body, as there is no such dichotomy in Chinese philosophy. Women in China (/wiki/Women_in_China) also expands on these ideals, delving into the impact women have in Chinese society. [8] (#cite_note-8) Thus, historically, the religious influences on Chinese beauty ideals closely tied outer beauty to inner beauty. Historically, an oval face, willow leaf eyebrows, long thin eyes, small lips, and a slim, fragile-looking body were preferred during the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Modern Chinese society is highly influenced by Western capitalist and Marxist thoughts (/wiki/Marxist_thought) . The Chinese would not describe themselves as a completely capitalist (/wiki/Capitalism) country, nor a purely Marxist country. They fundamentally ignore this type of question about the essence of its political position, and develop their economy (/wiki/Economy) , politics (/wiki/Politics) , culture (/wiki/Culture) and feminism (/wiki/Feminism) in their own way. They call themselves a socialist market economy (/wiki/Socialist_market_economy) with Chinese characteristics. The rise of Chinese feminist development is highly influenced by the claims of the "new " China (since the early 19th century) and its government that it would save the Chinese woman from the "old society" and set women's minds free (Chun, 2008). An article published in the widely circulated journal Dushu (/wiki/Dushu) uses an earlier nativist satire to argue that women themselves voluntarily desired the beauty of small feet ( footbinding (/wiki/Footbinding) ) into the first decades of the twentieth century, despite the elite, male-dominated discourse of liberation and equality (/wiki/Gender_equality_in_China) that assailed the practice, claiming, "during the long historical period when foot binding became common women's way of life, foot binding was just considered the most natural physical behavior for girls. Foot binding was as common as eating and dressing. Foot binding was also a way for women to seek physical beauty." [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Beauty ideals in Chinese culture [ edit ] In Chinese culture, there is a significant emphasis placed on the appearance and physical allure of women, which is apparent in both business and social settings. John Osburg, Director of Anthropology at the University of Rochester in his book, Anxious Wealth, explores the gender relations in Post Mao China, documenting the well-known disparity that exists between men and women. A theme of his work is that the objectification of women as a commonplace in Chinese culture creates the gender inequalities that are still prevalent today. [12] (#cite_note-:1-12) "The vast majority of entrepreneurs in post-Mao China are men. This is largely due to the fact that business networking requires entering spaces (such as nightclubs and saunas) and participating in activities (drinking, gambling, and sex consumption) that are not viewed as appropriate for "proper" women....these networks constitute a key component of business...the bulk of the relationships of these networks are forged and maintained through ritualized leisure-experiences of shared pleasures catering to the desires and enjoyments of elite men, including karaoke clubs, saunas, nightclubs, high-end restaurants, and teahouses. [12] (#cite_note-:1-12) As Osburg details, karaoke clubs, saunas, nightclubs, etc. are meant to attract the businessmen, as there are also multiple red light districts around these areas. Prostitution in China (/wiki/Prostitution_in_China) further expands on these areas and this culture. In many cases, relationships between employees, co-workers, partners, etc. are forged through these settings. Based on these traditional practices, it can be stated that it is of utmost importance then for the women to be aesthetically pleasing, further highlighting women's attempt to capture beauty, or at least capture the way it is perceived by Chinese Culture. [12] (#cite_note-:1-12) Hair [ edit ] On a woman, long, shining black hair (/wiki/Black_hair) is regarded as exceptionally beautiful, particularly when its growth is strong and luxuriant. [3] (#cite_note-Eberhard_2006_p._163-3) Double eyelid [ edit ] Double eyelids are unconditionally considered beautiful in East Asian society. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) The double eyelid is a crease in the small flap of skin that covers the eye. It has been estimated that 17–32% of Chinese women lack this upper eyelid crease, giving them a monolid appearance. [14] (#cite_note-14) However, this is not ideal when it comes to Chinese beauty. Blepharoplasty before and after A study looked at which type of eyelid was considered most attractive on Chinese women. Edited photographs of young Chinese women's eyes were presented to the test participants. It found that there was significant preference for the double eyelid while the single eyelid was considered to be the least attractive. [15] (#cite_note-15) Because of this, many Chinese women go through a surgery that creates a fold in the upper eyelid giving them the double eyelid. This procedure, called blepharoplasty (/wiki/Blepharoplasty) , typically costs around $3,000. [16] (#cite_note-16) During this 30 minute surgery, doctors cut, fold, and stitch the upper eyelids, creating a small crease above the eyelids. [17] (#cite_note-17) This operation makes the eye appear larger and more round, giving the woman a more desirable look. Skin and body [ edit ] Skin tone [ edit ] In ancient times, skin tone was known to indicate social class. Women of wealthy backgrounds did not have to perform agricultural work, and thus did not acquire a dark complexion. Thus a lighter skin became associated with power, social status, and wealth. Due to this perception, there has been social pressure in Chinese cultures to avoid direct sunlight in the outdoors. [18] (#cite_note-Adrian_2003_p._165-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) More recently, however, tan skin (/wiki/Tan_skin) has emerged as the new female beauty ideal among younger women, who view their tan skin as healthier and more attractive than pale skin. According to Tai Wei Lim, Chinese women in media now sport bronze complexions, and this is viewed as a reclamation of women's autonomy within China. [5] (#cite_note-Lim2021-5) Body shape [ edit ] In the Spring and Autumn period (/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period) (722–481 BC), Emperor Chu desired a slim waist; women in his harem (/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_harem_system) often starved themselves to death in order to capture his attention. [20] (#cite_note-20) Historic trends of women developing anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder, to fit trends of beauty represents systemic psychology still influence today's culture surrounding body image. Chinese figures such as Zhao Feiyan (/wiki/Zhao_Feiyan) were renowned for their small waists and continue to be glorified to this day. Similar to the aforementioned feet binding, waist binding was common practice; men were attracted to women who swayed when they walked due to improper hip growth. [21] (#cite_note-21) In the later Tang dynasty, fuller figures were more popular due to associations with good fortune and wealth. The Chinese idiom huanfei yanshou (環肥燕瘦, literally "plump Huan, slender Fei") is used to refer to the range of types of beauties. Yang Yuhuan, the "plump Huan", is estimated by unofficial records to have been 1.65 meters tall and weighed 69 kilograms. Modern Chinese people have long considered the ideal woman's body to be relatively tall, slim, and curvaceous. [22] (#cite_note-22) Fascination towards height has continued to increase as evidenced by Chinese beauty pageant winners, but this could correlate more to global pageant standards rather than cultural ideals. [23] (#cite_note-23) Values of fragility in Chinese culture have proven to be relatively prevalent and stable. See also [ edit ] Cosmetic surgery in China (/wiki/Cosmetic_surgery_in_China) C-beauty (/wiki/C-beauty) Nowhere girls (/wiki/Nowhere_girls) , neologism Prostitution in China (/wiki/Prostitution_in_China) Women in China (/wiki/Women_in_China) General: Chinese culture (/wiki/Chinese_culture) Feminine beauty ideal (/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal) Social influence (/wiki/Social_influence) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Samizadeh, Souphiyeh; Wu, Woffles (2018-07-09). "Ideals of Facial Beauty Amongst the Chinese Population: Results from a Large National Survey" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-018-1188-9) . Aesthetic Plastic Surgery . 42 (6): 1540–1550. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/s00266-018-1188-9 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00266-018-1188-9) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0364-216X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0364-216X) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 6280816 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6280816) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 29987486 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29987486) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "<italic>The Life of Moses Coit Tyler</italic>. By <sc>Howard Mumford Jones</sc>. Based upon an Unpublished Dissertation from Original Sources by <sc>Thomas Edgar Casady</sc>. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1933. Pp. xi, 354. $2.50.)" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr/40.1.152) . The American Historical Review . 1934. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1086/ahr/40.1.152 (https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fahr%2F40.1.152) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1937-5239 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-5239) . ^ a b Eberhard, W. (2006). Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought . Routledge Dictionaries. Taylor & Francis. p. 163. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-134-98865-5 . Retrieved 2023-12-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Godley, Michael R. "The end of the queue: hair as symbol in Chinese history" (https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/ielapa.961009528) . East Asian History (8): 53–72. ^ a b Lim, Tai Wei (22 February 2021). Women Hold Up Half The Sky: The Political-economic And Socioeconomic Narratives Of Women In China . World Scientific. pp. 47–48. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-12-2620-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lu, Ting Yin; Kadir, Kathreena; Ngeow, Wei Cheong (2017). "The Prevalence of Double Eyelid and the 3D Measurement of Orbital Soft Tissue in Malays and Chinese" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5665901) . Scientific Reports . 7 (7): 14819. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2017NatSR...714819L (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...714819L) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1038/s41598-017-14829-4 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-017-14829-4) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 5665901 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5665901) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 29093554 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29093554) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Rohrich, Rod J.; Coberly, Dana M.; Fagien, Steven; Stuzin, James M. (2004). "Current Concepts in Aesthetic Upper Blepharoplasty" (http://journals.lww.com/00006534-200403000-00035) . Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . 113 (3): 32e–42e. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/01.PRS.0000105684.06281.32 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.PRS.0000105684.06281.32) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0032-1052 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0032-1052) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 15536308 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15536308) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 42442451 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42442451) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kit Wah Man, Eva (2000), "Female Bodily Aesthetics, Politics, and Feminine Ideals of Beauty in China" (https://books.google.com/books?id=y7yjRlwg8agC&pg=PA169) , Beauty Matters , Indiana Univ Pr, pp. 169–96, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0253213754 ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Future Faces: Vogue China and Curating Chinese Beauty" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339939316) . ResearchGate . Retrieved 2022-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Chun, Lin (2008). On Feminism and China: Foot-Binding as an Aesthetic, History and Dialogue (PDF) . New York. pp. 23–30. Archived from the original (http://www.asianetwork.org/exchange/2008-spring/anex2008-spring-lin.pdf) (PDF) on 2011-10-05 . Retrieved 2011-08-03 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-11) LI, Wei-xiang (2011). "From Foot-binding to High-heeled Shoes——The Transition of Modern Chinese Women's Physical Aesthetic Symbols" (http://61.186.207.3/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZHLZ201101013&dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2011) . Journal of Shandong Women's University . 2011 (1): 47–50 – via China Academic Journals (CD Edition) Electronic Publishing House Co., Ltd. 但在缠足成为普通 女性生活方式的那段漫长的历史时期恰恰缠足才 被认为是女孩子最天然的身体行为缠足就如同吃 饭穿衣一样平常缠足亦是女性寻求身体美的一种 方式 ^ a b c Osburg, John. Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality among China's New Rich . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_13-0) Kyo, Cho (2012). The Search for the Beautiful Woman : A Cultural History of Japanese and Chinese Beauty . Translated by Selden, Kyoko Iriye (/wiki/Kyoko_Iriye_Selden) . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 224. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781442218932 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Li, F. C.; Ma, L. H. (2008). "Double eyelid blepharoplasty incorporating epicanthoplasty using Y-V advancement procedure". Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery . 61 (8): 901–5. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.05.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bjps.2007.05.008) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 17606424 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606424) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Hwang, H. S.; Spiegel, J. H. (2014). "The effect of "single" vs "double" eyelids on the perceived attractiveness of Chinese women" (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1090820X14523020) . Aesthetic Surgery Journal . 34 (3): 374–82. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/1090820X14523020 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1090820X14523020) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 24604790 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24604790) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "What Is Eyelid Surgery?" American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2014. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. < https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/eyelid-surgery?sub=Eyelid%2Bsurgery%2Bcost (https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/eyelid-surgery?sub=Eyelid%2Bsurgery%2Bcost) >. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Hays, Jeffrey. "Cosmetic Surgery in China." Home. July 2015. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. < http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat11/sub75/item136.html (http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat11/sub75/item136.html) >. ^ (#cite_ref-Adrian_2003_p._165_18-0) Adrian, B. (2003). Framing the Bride: Globalizing Beauty and Romance in Taiwan's Bridal Industry . University of California Press. p. 165. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-520-23834-3 . Retrieved 2023-08-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Department of Asian Art. "Han Dynasty (206 B.C.–220 A.D.)." In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hand/hd_hand.htm (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hand/hd_hand.htm) (October 2000) ^ (#cite_ref-20) Katzman, Melanie A.; Lee, Sing (1997). <385::aid-eat3>3.0.co;2-i "Beyond body image: The integration of feminist and transcultural theories in the understanding of self starvation" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199712)22:4) . International Journal of Eating Disorders . 22 (4): 385–394. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199712)22:4<385::aid-eat3>3.0.co;2-i (https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28sici%291098-108x%28199712%2922%3A4%3C385%3A%3Aaid-eat3%3E3.0.co%3B2-i) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0276-3478 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0276-3478) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 9356886 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9356886) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Dorothy Ko. <italic>Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China</italic>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1994. Pp. ix, 395. Cloth $45.00, paper $16.95" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr/101.3.892-a) . The American Historical Review . 1996. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1086/ahr/101.3.892-a (https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fahr%2F101.3.892-a) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1937-5239 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-5239) . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Leung, Freedom; Lam, Sharon; Sze, Sherrien (2001). "Cultural Expectations of Thinness in Chinese Women" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6922515) . Eating Disorders . 9 (4): 339–350. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/106402601753454903 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F106402601753454903) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 16864394 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16864394) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 5680508 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5680508) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Chang, K. S. F.; Lee, Marjorie M. C.; Low, W. D.; Kvan, E. (1963). "Height and weight of Southern Chinese children" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330210407) . American Journal of Physical Anthropology . 21 (4): 497–509. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/ajpa.1330210407 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330210407) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0002-9483 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9483) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 14185528 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14185528) . v t e Sexuality (/wiki/Sexuality_in_China) and gender in China (/wiki/China) Topics Women (/wiki/Women_in_China) All-China Women's Federation (/wiki/All-China_Women%27s_Federation) Female migrant workers (/wiki/Dagongmei) Feminism (/wiki/Feminism_in_China) Healthcare (/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_China) Globalization and women (/wiki/Globalization_and_women_in_China) Ideals of female beauty In ancient and imperial times (/wiki/Women_in_ancient_and_imperial_China) Foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) " Good Wife, Wise Mother (/wiki/Good_Wife,_Wise_Mother) " " Three Obediences and Four Virtues (/wiki/Three_Obediences_and_Four_Virtues) " Missing women (/wiki/Missing_women_of_China) Prostitution (/wiki/Prostitution_in_China) Son preference (/wiki/Son_preference_in_China) Female infanticide (/wiki/Female_infanticide_in_China) Marriage (/wiki/Chinese_marriage) and family Chinese-foreign marriages (/wiki/Chinese-foreign_marriages_in_mainland_China) Family planning policies (/wiki/Family_planning_policies_of_China) One-child policy (/wiki/One-child_policy) Two-child policy (/wiki/Two-child_policy) Three-child policy (/wiki/Three-child_policy) Ghost marriage (/wiki/Chinese_ghost_marriage) Marriage in modern China (/wiki/Marriage_in_modern_China) Naked marriage (/wiki/Naked_marriage_in_China) New Marriage Law (/wiki/New_Marriage_Law) Polyandry in Tibet (/wiki/Polyandry_in_Tibet) Traditional Chinese marriage (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_marriage) LGBT History (/wiki/LGBT_history_in_China) Homosexuality (/wiki/Homosexuality_in_China) Intersex (/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_China) LGBT culture in Beijing (/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Beijing) LGBT culture in Chengdu (/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Chengdu) LGBT culture in Hong Kong (/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Hong_Kong) LGBT culture in Shanghai (/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Shanghai) Rights (/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_China) same-sex unions (/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China) Tibet (/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tibet) Hong Kong (/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong) Macau (/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Macau) Transgender (/wiki/Transgender_in_China) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7db4bf6597‐jg8gt Cached time: 20240717181146 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.343 seconds Real time usage: 0.414 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1294/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 60513/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 664/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88974/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.228/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4952317/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 355.511 1 -total 56.09% 199.404 1 Template:Reflist 37.72% 134.090 12 Template:Cite_journal 23.01% 81.806 1 Template:Sexuality_and_gender_in_China 22.54% 80.134 2 Template:Navbox 17.55% 62.376 1 Template:Short_description 10.73% 38.146 2 Template:Pagetype 7.20% 25.584 5 Template:Cite_book 3.88% 13.806 3 Template:Main_other 3.34% 11.876 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22487668-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717181146 and revision id 1235106660. 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Museum of Utility Art, Private Museum in Poznań, Poland The Museum of Historical Costume in Poland Muzeum Historii Ubioru w Poznaniu Established Start date|2018-12-20 Location Kwiatowa Street 14/2, 61-886 Poznań, Poland (/wiki/Poland) Type Museum of Utility Art, Private Museum Collections Historic costumes, dresses and accessories from the 19th century Collection size 80 Founder Anna Moryto Director Anna Moryto Website [1] (https://en.xixgallery.com/) The Museum of Historical Costume in Poland ( Polish (/wiki/Polish_language) : Muzeum Historii Ubioru w Poznaniu [m'ooz'e'oom h'eest'or'ee'ee 'oob'ee'or'oo]) is a private museum located in a tenement house (/wiki/Tenement_house) on Kwiatowa Street 14/2 in Poznan (/wiki/Pozna%C5%84) , Poland (/wiki/Poland) . Founded in December, 2018 [1] (#cite_note-1) by Anna Moryto. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] The museum was founded by Anna Moryto, private Polish collector of historical vintage (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) dresses and costumes. It has transformed into a museum (/wiki/Museum) in December 2018 from a private art gallery (/wiki/Art_gallery) – XIXgallery (https://en.xixgallery.com/) . The gallery was known from its traveling exhibitions (/wiki/Travelling_exhibition) around the country. [3] (#cite_note-3) Since 2004, Anna Moryto is collecting historical vintage dresses and accessories, mostly from the 19th century. The original nineteenth-century pieces come from trade and auction houses (/wiki/Auction_houses) from the US (/wiki/United_States) and London (/wiki/London) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Next to the museum there is working an atelier (/wiki/Atelier) of the reconstruction of costumes “Costumes With Passion” [5] (#cite_note-5) (“ Stroje z Pasją ”). The atelier is conducting the renovation and maintenance of the exhibits, and creating reconstructions of the dresses from 19th century. Mission [ edit ] The mission of the museum is an educational nature. The plans for the future contain transforming into historical theme museum. It would cover the 19th century lifestyle and culture, and position of the women in the society. The fashion itself would become more as a part of the bigger picture. The mission of the museum is to educate children, young adults, and history enthusiasts about 19th history and history of fashion. It is a unique opportunity to see the vintage costumes live. The museum is also substantive support for costume designers. There are plans for upcoming temporary collections and one permanent exhibition. [6] (#cite_note-6) Collection [ edit ] The collection (/wiki/Collection_(artwork)) consists over 80 antique (/wiki/Antique) exhibits, including over 50 complete costumes, mostly from 19th century. It is the largest complication of the original historical costumes in Poland. Only few of the dresses among the collection were made as reconstructions. The collection includes dresses, underwear and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . The most highlight exhibits are: Summer dress from the 1840s century Dress from 1840 with decoration made of fake buttons Evening gown (/wiki/Gown) ca. 1880, from trading house (/wiki/Trading_house) B. Altman. [7] (#cite_note-7) Traveling exhibitions [ edit ] September 27, 2018 – December 9, 2018 – District Museum in Pila, Poland [8] (#cite_note-8) September 12, 2018 – December 14, 2018 – Museum of Fortifications and Weapons “Arsenal” in Zamosc, Poland [9] (#cite_note-9) December 17, 2017 – January 15, 2018 – City Museum in Nowa Sol, Poland [10] (#cite_note-10) July 6, 2017 – September 8, 2017 – Regional Museum in Czluchow, Poland [11] (#cite_note-11) March 8, 2017 – May 14, 2017 – Museum Gorki's Castle in Szamotuly, Poland [12] (#cite_note-12) March 5, 2016 – May 4, 2016 – Museum of Silesian Piasts in Brzeg, Poland [13] (#cite_note-13) July 2, 2015 – September 6, 2015 – Regional Museum in Szczecinek, Poland [14] (#cite_note-14) March 8, 2014 – May 27, 2014 – Silesian Museum of Opole Region in Opole, Poland [15] (#cite_note-15) May 2012 – June 3, 2012 – Museum of Henryk Sienkiewicz in Oblegork, Poland. [16] (#cite_note-16) Gallery [ edit ] Exposition „Belle epoque. Women fashion 1871-1914" Exhibition "Fashion Repeats Itself" in Museum of Historical Costume in Poznan, PL View on the Museum from outside in the night time. Exposition "Fashion Repeats Itself" in Museum of Historical Costume in Poznan, PL Exposition of 19th century dresses in Regional Museum in Czluchow, PL Vernissage of the exhibition in Nowa Sol Museum, PL See also [ edit ] Poznan (/wiki/Pozna%C5%84) History of Fashion Design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) 19th century in fashion (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) Museums in Poland (/wiki/List_of_registered_museums_in_Poland) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej MKiDN - Rejestry muzeów (in Polish) , retrieved 2019-05-08 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Museum of Historical Costume in Poznan" (https://en.xixgallery.com/) . Retrieved 2019-05-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Grand Opening of the Museum of Historical Costume in Poznan, Poland" (https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/costume-in-poland/) . Fashion History Timeline . 2019-03-28 . Retrieved 2019-05-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Museum from Inquisitiveness" (http://kultura.poznan.pl/mim/kultura/news/rozmowy,c,7/muzeum-z-dociekliwosci,130313.html) . Poznan Culture . 2019-03-18 . Retrieved 2019-05-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Stroje z Pasją" (https://www.strojezpasja.pl/) . Retrieved 2019-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Grand Opening of the Museum of Historical Costume in Poznan" (https://janeaustensworld.wordpress.com/2019/03/03/grand-opening-of-the-museum-of-historical-costume-in-poznan-poland/) . Jane Austen’s World Blog . 2019-03-03 . Retrieved 2019-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Collection" (https://en.xixgallery.com/collection/) . Museum of Historical Costume in Poznan . Retrieved 2019-05-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Belle epoque - women fashion 1871-1914" (https://muzeum.pila.pl/wystawy.php?lang=pl&id_strony=646) . Pila Museum . Retrieved 2019-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The route of Polish emancipants and patriots in XIX and XX century" (https://muzeumarsenal.pl/pl/298-otwarcie-wystawy-emancypantki-i-patriotki-wizerunki-walczacych-polek-xix-i-xx-wieku) . Arsenal - Museum of Fortifications and Weapons . 2018-09-13 . Retrieved 2019-05-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rynkiewicz, Marcin (2017-11-15). "An exhibition of XIX century dresses in Nowa Sol Museum" (https://dzieje.pl/wystawy/w-nowosolskim-muzeum-wystawa-xix-wiecznych-sukien) . Dzieje.pl . Retrieved 2019-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "19th century Women Fashion" (https://zamekczluchow.pl/pl/component/content/article/37-czasowe/302-moda-damska-xix-wiekui) . Zamek Czluchow . Retrieved 2019-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Exhibition's Opening "In the grandmother's closet. Ladies dresses from XIX century from Anna Moryto collection" (http://zamek.org.pl/aktualnosci/otwarcie-wystawy-w-szafie-prababki-xix-wieczne-stroje-damskie-z-kolekcji-anny-moryto/) " (http://zamek.org.pl/aktualnosci/otwarcie-wystawy-w-szafie-prababki-xix-wieczne-stroje-damskie-z-kolekcji-anny-moryto/) . Museum Zamek Gorkow in Szamotuly . 2017-03-22 . Retrieved 2019-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Ladies dresses from XIX century visiting Brzeg" (https://blog.balladine.com/damskie-stroje-z-xix-wieku-goszcza-w-brzegu) . Balladine Blog . 2016-04-21 . Retrieved 2019-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Gone with the Wind. XIX century fashion" (http://www.spotkania-z-zabytkami.pl/aktualnosci/39/431) . Spotkania z Zabytkami . 2015-07-26 . Retrieved 2019-05-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Dresses from XIX century on the show in Opole" (http://www.spotkania-z-zabytkami.pl/aktualnosci/58/279) . Spotkania z Zabytkami . Retrieved 2019-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Adamek-Świechowska, Adrianna (2012-05-16). "Women in Henryk Sienkiewicz's life" (http://naszemiasto.pl/artykul/kobiety-w-zyciu-henryka-sienkiewicza-wystawa-w-oblegorku-do,4486532,artgal,t,id,tm.html) . Nasze Miasto . Retrieved 2019-05-09 . External links [ edit ] The Museum of Historical Cotume in Poznan, Poland (https://en.xixgallery.com/) Museums in Poland (http://www.poznan.pl/mim/turystyka/muzea-w-poznaniu,poi,202,12/) Poznan city (http://www.poznan.pl/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6887899b49‐g68k7 Cached time: 20240624053943 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.320 seconds Real time usage: 0.702 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1525/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32579/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2085/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 67526/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.201/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5648239/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 426.197 1 -total 44.55% 189.851 1 Template:Infobox_museum 39.20% 167.067 1 Template:Reflist 32.97% 140.536 6 Template:Main_other 21.06% 89.751 1 Template:Infobox 20.58% 87.720 1 Template:Citation 13.42% 57.210 15 Template:Cite_web 6.87% 29.289 2 Template:Pagetype 6.30% 26.834 1 Template:Coord_missing 4.52% 19.263 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60718363-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624053943 and revision id 1217025559. 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Vancouver Fashion Week The F/W18 collection 'Beryl' by Qiongxin Kou, photographed by Tristen Williams Date(s) September and March Frequency Biannually Location(s) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , British Columbia (/wiki/British_Columbia) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) Years active 2001-present People Jamal Abdourahman Website http://vanfashionweek.com/ (http://vanfashionweek.com/) Vancouver Fashion Week ( VFW ) is a fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) in Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , British Columbia (/wiki/British_Columbia) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) that is currently run by Jamal Abdourahman. The event is seven days long each season and held twice a year. Vancouver Fashion Week was established in 2001. Since 2014, the Nancy Mak Award has been presented at Vancouver Fashion Week, a scholarship recognising up-and-coming British Columbia based designers that have a "strong creative vision", a solid business plan, and a desire to expand either their design knowledge or brand’s reach. Awarded once a year, the scholarship is named in honour of Nancy Mak, an active member of the fashion industry and a major supporter of Vancouver Fashion Week during her life. [1] (#cite_note-1) Vancouver Kids Fashion Week (VKFW) was established in September 2016. The two-day event takes place during Vancouver Fashion Week. VKFW has partnered with BC Children’s Hospital Foundation (BCCHF) donating a portion of ticket sales to the Foundation. [2] (#cite_note-2) Global Fashion Collective (GFC), an expansion of Vancouver Fashion Week, is a platform specialising in supporting creative designers by establishing their presence around the world. Launched in October 2017. [3] (#cite_note-3) Since 2018, Vancouver Fashion Week has been producing a digital magazine Micro Macro Magazine, a contemporary design and culture platform. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Nancy Mak Award" (http://www.vanfashionweek.com/events/nancy-mak/) . VFW . 2017-10-25 . Retrieved 2018-07-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Vancouver Kids Fashion Week" (http://www.vancouverkidsfashionweek.com/) . Vancouver Kids Fashion Week . Retrieved 2018-07-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "ABOUT - Global Fashion Collective" (http://globalfashioncollective.com/about/) . Global Fashion Collective . Retrieved 2018-07-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Micro Macro Magazine" (https://www.micromacromag.com/) . Micro Macro Magazine . Retrieved 2018-07-12 . v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐dkgcg Cached time: 20240713052446 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.261 seconds Real time usage: 0.319 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 706/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18724/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 508/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24230/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3603043/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 278.610 1 -total 40.02% 111.497 1 Template:Reflist 36.26% 101.028 1 Template:Fashion_weeks 35.49% 98.881 1 Template:Navbox 31.99% 89.125 2 Template:Cite_news 22.77% 63.439 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event 20.03% 55.796 1 Template:Infobox 4.69% 13.054 1 Template:Portal-inline 3.20% 8.911 1 Template:Br_separated_entries 3.07% 8.557 2 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39822809-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713052446 and revision id 1233390011. 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(Redirected from Bradleys (furriers) (/w/index.php?title=Bradleys_(furriers)&redirect=no) ) Chepstow Place (centre vertically) on an 1872 Ordnance Survey map. Chepstow Place is a street in London that runs from the junction of Westbourne Grove (/wiki/Westbourne_Grove) and Pembridge Villas (/w/index.php?title=Pembridge_Villas&action=edit&redlink=1) in the north to Pembridge Square (/wiki/Pembridge_Square) in the south. It is crossed by Dawson Place (/w/index.php?title=Dawson_Place,_London&action=edit&redlink=1) and joined on its eastern side by Rede Place. The east side is in the City of Westminster (/wiki/City_of_Westminster) and the west side in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea) . History [ edit ] The street was one of those in the area developed in the mid-nineteenth century by William Henry Jenkins (/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Jenkins&action=edit&redlink=1) , originally of Herefordshire (/wiki/Herefordshire) , and William Kinnaird Jenkins (/w/index.php?title=William_Kinnaird_Jenkins&action=edit&redlink=1) , who leased land on the Ladbroke Estate (/wiki/Ladbroke_Estate) from 1844. [1] (#cite_note-EncylLon-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The origins of the Jenkins is reflected in the many Hereford and Welsh names used in local streets such as Chepstow and the nearby Pembridge, Ledbury and Denbigh. [3] (#cite_note-EncylLon2-3) Buildings [ edit ] The street was once the location of Bradleys (/wiki/Bradleys_(fur_retailers)) furriers at number one. The site is now Baynards. [4] (#cite_note-4) 16 Chepstow Place, was the last address of the writer Julian Maclaren-Ross (/wiki/Julian_Maclaren-Ross) (1912–64) and the address of Bartholomew Malthus, a character in Robert Louis Stevenson (/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson) 's story The Suicide Club (/wiki/The_Suicide_Club_(short_story_collection)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) The Italian restaurant Assaggi is located at number 39. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Numbers 61-69 are grade II listed (/wiki/Grade_II_listed) with Historic England (/wiki/Historic_England) . [8] (#cite_note-NHL-8) Numbers 21 to 23 Pembridge Square, on the corner with Chepstow Place, are all grade II listed. Baynards at 1 Chepstow Place, formerly Bradleys (/wiki/Bradleys_(fur_retailers)) . Chepstow Mansions on the corner with Pembridge Villas (right) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-EncylLon_1-0) "Ladbroke Estate" (https://books.google.com/books?id=wN_H-__MBpYC&pg=PA469) in Christopher Hibbert (/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert) ; Ben Weinreb (/wiki/Ben_Weinreb) ; John Keay; Julia Keay (2008). The London Encyclopaedia (/wiki/The_London_Encyclopaedia) (3rd ed.). London: Pan Macmillan. p. 469. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-230-73878-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Chepstow Villas and Pembridge Square area. (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol37/pp258-275) British History Online. Retrieved 11 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-EncylLon2_3-0) "Pembridge Villas" (https://books.google.com/books?id=wN_H-__MBpYC&pg=PA632) in Hibbert et al., p. 632. ^ (#cite_ref-4) History. (http://www.bgml.co.uk/history/) Baynards. Retrieved 11 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-5) The Last London. (https://idler.co.uk/article/the-last-london/) Iain Sinclair, The Idler . Retrieved 11 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Giles Coren reviews Assaggi. (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/giles-coren-reviews-assaggi-p5p9cvnxs) Gils Coren, The Times , 17 June 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2018. (subscription required) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Assaggi. (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/reviews/assaggi-39-chepstow-place-london-w2-2154655.html) Robert Chalmers, The Independent , 12 December 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-NHL_8-0) Historic England (/wiki/Historic_England) . "61-69, Chepstow Place W2 (1066262)" (https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1066262?section=official-list-entry) . National Heritage List for England (/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England) . Retrieved 10 June 2018 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Chepstow Place (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chepstow_Place) at Wikimedia Commons 51°30′48″N 0°11′40″W / 51.513389°N 0.194525°W / 51.513389; -0.194525 This London road or road transport-related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1920s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1920s_fashion) . 1920s portal (/wiki/Portal:1920s) The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is 1920s in fashion (/wiki/1920s_in_fashion) . See also: Category:1920s clothing (/wiki/Category:1920s_clothing) 1870s (/wiki/Category:1870s_fashion) 1880s (/wiki/Category:1880s_fashion) 1890s (/wiki/Category:1890s_fashion) 1900s (/wiki/Category:1900s_fashion) 1910s (/wiki/Category:1910s_fashion) 1920s 1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_fashion) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_fashion) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) 1970s (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd 24th 25th NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐fp64j Cached time: 20240721082526 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.205 seconds Real time usage: 0.358 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 312/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7713/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 25/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8412/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.153/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2018624/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 342.739 1 -total 60.04% 205.791 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 19.42% 66.555 1 Template:Commons_category 18.78% 64.378 1 Template:Sister_project 18.31% 62.740 1 Template:Side_box 8.31% 28.466 2 Template:If_then_show 5.99% 20.520 1 Template:Portal 5.45% 18.670 1 Template:Category_main 5.29% 18.126 1 Template:Category_see_also_if_exists 3.62% 12.412 1 Template:CatAutoTOC Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3398231-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721082526 and revision id 1131803937. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. C Clothing companies established in 1920 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1920) (4 P) Clothing companies established in 1921 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1921) (4 P) Clothing companies established in 1922 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1922) (8 P) Clothing companies established in 1923 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1923) (4 P) Clothing companies established in 1924 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1924) (7 P) Clothing companies established in 1925 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1925) (3 P) Clothing companies established in 1926 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1926) (4 P) Clothing companies established in 1927 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927) (8 P) Clothing companies established in 1928 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1928) (5 P) Clothing companies established in 1929 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1929) (4 P) F Flappers (/wiki/Category:Flappers) (2 C, 73 P) Pages in category "1920s fashion" The following 60 pages are in this category, out of 60 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1920s in Western fashion (/wiki/1920s_in_Western_fashion) B Boater (/wiki/Boater) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Brodie helmet (/wiki/Brodie_helmet) Bucket hat (/wiki/Bucket_hat) C Callot Soeurs (/wiki/Callot_Soeurs) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Cardigan (sweater) (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) Cloche hat (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cosmetics in the 1920s (/wiki/Cosmetics_in_the_1920s) D Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Devoré (/wiki/Devor%C3%A9) E Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) F Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flapper (/wiki/Flapper) Fu Manchu moustache (/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache) G Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle) H Elizabeth Handley-Seymour (/wiki/Elizabeth_Handley-Seymour) Hobble skirt (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) The Hodson Shop (/wiki/The_Hodson_Shop) Homburg hat (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Horn-rimmed glasses (/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses) K Keds (/wiki/Keds) Keikogi (/wiki/Keikogi) Kiss curl (/wiki/Kiss_curl) L Lachasse (/wiki/Lachasse) Lee (brand) (/wiki/Lee_(brand)) Little black dress (/wiki/Little_black_dress) M Maillot (/wiki/Maillot) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) Modern girl (/wiki/Modern_girl) Digby Morton (/wiki/Digby_Morton) Mushroom hat (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) N Newsboy cap (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) O Oxford bags (/wiki/Oxford_bags) P Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Philippe et Gaston (/wiki/Philippe_et_Gaston) Pith helmet (/wiki/Pith_helmet) Polo shirt (/wiki/Polo_shirt) Pork pie hat (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) R Raccoon coat (/wiki/Raccoon_coat) Jane Régny (/wiki/Jane_R%C3%A9gny) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Robe de style (/wiki/Robe_de_style) S Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Seersucker (/wiki/Seersucker) Shift dress (/wiki/Shift_dress) Spectator shoe (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Strapless dress (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Šubara (/wiki/%C5%A0ubara) T Tam cap (/wiki/Tam_cap) Teba jacket (/wiki/Teba_jacket) Emily Tinne (/wiki/Emily_Tinne) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) U Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel (/wiki/Uniforms_and_insignia_of_the_Schutzstaffel) W Women's oversized fashion in the United States since the 1920s (/wiki/Women%27s_oversized_fashion_in_the_United_States_since_the_1920s) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1920s_fashion&oldid=1131803937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1920s_fashion&oldid=1131803937) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920s (/wiki/Category:1920s) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) 20th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 1920s in the arts (/wiki/Category:1920s_in_the_arts) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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South African model and murder victim Reeva Steenkamp Steenkamp in an undated photo released by Capacity Relations in February 2013 Born Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp ( 1983-08-19 ) 19 August 1983 Cape Town (/wiki/Cape_Town) , Cape Province (/wiki/Cape_Province) , South Africa Died 14 February 2013 (2013-02-14) (aged 29) Pretoria (/wiki/Pretoria) , Gauteng (/wiki/Gauteng) , South Africa Cause of death Murder by gunshots Nationality South African, British Alma mater Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University) (2005) Occupation(s) Model, paralegal (/wiki/Paralegal) Years active 1997–2013 Partner Oscar Pistorius (/wiki/Oscar_Pistorius) (2012–2013; her death) Parent(s) Barry and June Steenkamp Modeling information Height 1.71 m (5 ft 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) [1] (#cite_note-ice-1) Hair color Blonde [1] (#cite_note-ice-1) Eye color Blue/green [1] (#cite_note-ice-1) Agency Ice Model Management [1] (#cite_note-ice-1) Publicist: Sarit Tomlinson (Capacity Relations) [2] (#cite_note-2) Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp ( Afrikaans: [ˈstiəŋkamp] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans) ; 19 August 1983 – 14 February 2013) was a South African model and paralegal (/wiki/Paralegal) . She modelled for FHM (/wiki/FHM) magazine and was the first face of Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) cosmetics in South Africa. Steenkamp once worked as the live roaming presenter for FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) in South Africa and starred in television advertisements for Toyota Land Cruiser (/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser) , Clover Industries (/wiki/Clover_Industries) , Redds (/wiki/South_African_Breweries) and Aldor Pin Pop. She was a celebrity contestant on the BBC Lifestyle (/wiki/BBC_Lifestyle) show Baking Made Easy in 2012 and on Tropika Island of Treasure (/wiki/Tropika_Island_of_Treasure) season 5 which aired on SABC 3 (/wiki/SABC_3) in February 2013. On Valentine's Day (/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day) 2013, Steenkamp was shot dead by her boyfriend, Oscar Pistorius (/wiki/Oscar_Pistorius) , at his home in Pretoria. He stated that he thought Steenkamp was an intruder hiding in the bathroom. Pistorius was found guilty of culpable homicide (/wiki/Culpable_homicide#South_Africa) at a first trial (/wiki/Trial_of_Oscar_Pistorius) , and was sentenced to five years in prison. On 3 December 2015, the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa (/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeal_of_South_Africa) overturned this conviction and instead convicted Pistorius of murder. He was sentenced to six years in prison, which was later increased to 13 years and 5 months by the Court of Appeal. Early life [ edit ] Steenkamp was born in Cape Town (/wiki/Cape_Town) to parents Barry Steenkamp, a horse trainer (/wiki/Horse_trainer) , and his second wife, June (née Marshall, previously Cowburn), who was born in Blackburn (/wiki/Blackburn) , England. [3] (#cite_note-lancashire-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-SkyNews-5) She had two older half-siblings from her father and mother's respective previous marriages, Adam Steenkamp and Simone Cowburn. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-Huisman-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) The family later moved to Port Elizabeth (/wiki/Port_Elizabeth) , where she attended St Dominic's Priory School (/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_School) . [5] (#cite_note-SkyNews-5) [11] (#cite_note-deJager-11) After school she studied law at the University of Port Elizabeth, which became a part of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University) , where she graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws) degree in 2005. [11] (#cite_note-deJager-11) Career [ edit ] After university, Steenkamp worked as a paralegal (/wiki/Paralegal) and as a model. [12] (#cite_note-independent-12) She applied to the bar (/wiki/Bar_(law)) in late 2011 [11] (#cite_note-deJager-11) and hoped to be a qualified legal advocate by the age of 30. [13] (#cite_note-13) Modeling [ edit ] Steenkamp began modelling at the age of 14. She was a finalist in the Weekend Post Faces of the Future competition in 2004 and in the Herald Miss Port Elizabeth contest in 2005. [11] (#cite_note-deJager-11) She appeared in FHM (/wiki/FHM) magazine as a model and cover girl [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-TVSA-15) and was the first face of Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) cosmetics in South Africa. [16] (#cite_note-16) She also modeled for the jewelry company Sivana Diamonds. [17] (#cite_note-17) She was ranked #40 in the FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World poll of South African FHM readers in 2011 and #45 in 2012. [15] (#cite_note-TVSA-15) [18] (#cite_note-Herald-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Her style icon was Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) . [20] (#cite_note-20) She was a celebrity face of the Spirit Day (/wiki/Spirit_Day) anti-bullying campaign in 2012. [21] (#cite_note-21) Television [ edit ] Steenkamp once worked as the live roaming presenter for FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) in South Africa. [22] (#cite_note-Tropika-22) She starred in television advertisements for a range of products, including Toyota Land Cruiser (/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser) , Clover "The One" (/wiki/Clover_Industries) , Redds (/wiki/South_African_Breweries) and Aldor Pin Pop. [18] (#cite_note-Herald-18) She featured as a celebrity contestant on the BBC Lifestyle (/wiki/BBC_Lifestyle) show Baking Made Easy in 2012. [23] (#cite_note-23) At the time of her death, Steenkamp was signed up to appear on season five of the reality TV program Tropika Island of Treasure (/wiki/Tropika_Island_of_Treasure) and had filmed the series episodes on location in Jamaica. [22] (#cite_note-Tropika-22) [24] (#cite_note-charged-24) The screening of the series began airing as scheduled on 16 February 2013, two days after her death. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) The first episode of the series was dedicated to Steenkamp and was preceded by a video tribute to her. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Personal life [ edit ] Steenkamp was a keen horse rider until she broke her back in a fall in her early 20s and had to learn to walk again. [9] (#cite_note-Huisman-9) On the South African celebrity circuit, she was a regular A-list (/wiki/A-list) guest at red carpet events (/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion) and a noted socialite (/wiki/Socialite) on the Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) party scene. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Steenkamp had been dating Oscar Pistorius (/wiki/Oscar_Pistorius) , a South African Olympic and Paralympic runner, since November 2012. [32] (#cite_note-32) She had previously dated Springbok (/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team) rugby player Francois Hougaard (/wiki/Francois_Hougaard) . [33] (#cite_note-33) Murder and trial [ edit ] Main article: Trial of Oscar Pistorius (/wiki/Trial_of_Oscar_Pistorius) On Valentine's Day (/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day) 2013, Steenkamp's boyfriend Oscar Pistorius fired four shots through the door of a locked bathroom cubicle in his Pretoria home, three of which struck Steenkamp who was on the other side. Immediately following this, Pistorius proceeded to break down the bathroom door with a cricket bat to reach Steenkamp. He attempted to render emergency medical assistance and called for help. One of the first responders to the scene was a neighbor, doctor Johan Stipp, who did a jaw-lift-maneuver on Steenkamp in an attempt to open her airway. In his analysis of the situation he noted that she had no peripheral pulse, showed no sign of breathing-movements, and that her pupils were fixed, dilated. It was apparent that she had been mortally wounded. [34] (#cite_note-34) Her body was cremated at Victoria Park crematorium in Port Elizabeth on 19 February 2013 and the service was conducted by Pastor Kurt Sutton of the Oasis Family Church in Port Elizabeth. [35] (#cite_note-35) Pistorius was arrested and charged with murder. [24] (#cite_note-charged-24) [36] (#cite_note-nytimes-36) Pistorius admitted that he shot Steenkamp, but said he believed he was shooting an intruder. [37] (#cite_note-37) On 12 September 2014, he was found not guilty of murder, but guilty of culpable homicide in the case. [38] (#cite_note-Germaner-38) On 21 October 2014, he was sentenced to five years in jail, but only served 10 months. [39] (#cite_note-39) In December 2015, the Supreme Court of Appeals overturned the culpable homicide verdict and found Pistorius guilty of murder. On 6 July 2016, Judge Masipa sentenced Pistorius to six years in prison for murder, despite South Africa carrying a minimum sentence of 15 years for this offence. [ citation needed ] On 24 November 2017, the Court of Appeal extended Oscar Pistorius's jail term to 13 years and five months with the possibility of parole from 2023. [40] (#cite_note-40) Media-coverage after death [ edit ] Steenkamp and Anene Booysen (/wiki/Rape_and_murder_of_Anene_Booysen) , both young South African women killed in 2013, were named SA Persons of the year 2013 by the Daily Maverick (/wiki/Daily_Maverick) . [41] (#cite_note-41) In February 2014, eNCA (/wiki/ENCA) broadcast a half-hour documentary special about Steenkamp's life titled Reeva: The Model You Thought You Knew . [42] (#cite_note-42) On 12 September 2014, SABC 3 (/wiki/SABC_3) broadcast an episode of Special Assignment (/wiki/SABC_Special_Assignment) titled Oscar Pistorius: The Verdict . [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Reeva Steenkamp Portfolio" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130228220813/http://www.icemodels.co.za/details.aspx?modelid=325713&subid=5138&mainsubid=5138&origsubid=0&indx=0&btnx=&locate=0&gr=2&city=&k=&agencyID=9231) . Ice Model Management. Archived from the original (http://www.icemodels.co.za/details.aspx?modelid=325713&subid=5138&mainsubid=5138&origsubid=0&indx=0&btnx=&locate=0&gr=2&city=&k=&agencyID=9231) on 28 February 2013 . Retrieved 27 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Reeva Steenkamp: Oscar Pistorius's girlfriend" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21459439) . BBC News Africa . 14 February 2013 . Retrieved 26 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-lancashire_3-0) "Two years on – Blackburn-born June Steenkamp pays tributes to daughter Reeva..." (http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/11802503.Two_years_on___Blackburn_born_June_Steenkamp_pays_tributes_to_daughter_Reeva___/?ref=mr) Lancashire Telegraph . 19 February 2015 . Retrieved 2 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Oscar Pistorius denied parole from prison decade after murdering girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp" (https://www.aol.com/oscar-pistorius-denied-parole-prison-151736774.html) . 31 March 2023. ^ Jump up to: a b "Reeva Steenkamp: The Girl Behind The Name" (http://news.sky.com/story/1218903/reeva-steenkamp-the-girl-behind-the-name) . Sky News. 28 February 2014 . Retrieved 5 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Duffin, Claire (16 February 2013). "Oscar Pistorius: Reeva Steenkamp's brother flies to South Africa to comfort family" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9874633/Oscar-Pistorius-Reeva-Steenkamps-brother-flies-to-South-Africa-to-comfort-family.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 5 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Newling, Dan (23 February 2013). "Oscar Pistorius must 'live with his conscience', says Reeva Steenkamp's father" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/oscar-pistorius/9889661/Oscar-Pistorius-must-live-with-his-conscience-says-Reeva-Steenkamps-father.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 14 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Reeva Steenkamp 1 year on: Still 'the queen of our hearts' (http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Reeva-Steenkamp-1-year-on-still-the-queen-of-our-hearts-20150429) " (http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Reeva-Steenkamp-1-year-on-still-the-queen-of-our-hearts-20150429) . ^ Jump up to: a b Huisman, Biénne (9 February 2014). "Reeva Steenkamp 1 year on: still 'the queen of our hearts' (https://web.archive.org/web/20151006122046/http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Reeva-Steenkamp-1-year-on-still-the-queen-of-our-hearts-20150429) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20151006122046/http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Reeva-Steenkamp-1-year-on-still-the-queen-of-our-hearts-20150429) . City Press . South Africa. Archived from the original (http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Reeva-Steenkamp-1-year-on-still-the-queen-of-our-hearts-20150429/) on 6 October 2015 . Retrieved 5 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Molloy, Antonia (14 April 2014). "Oscar Pistorius trial: Paralympian 'is a disgusting liar', says Reeva Steenkamp's sister Simone Steenkamp" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/oscar-pistorius-is-a-liar-says-reeva-steenkamps-sister-9257193.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 14 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d de Jager, Shaanaaz (14 September 2012). "PE beauty vies for R1-million prize in TV show" (http://www.peherald.com/blog/Weekend-Post/article/1068) . The Herald – Weekend Post . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-independent_12-0) Jamie Lewis (15 February 2013). "Reeva Steenkamp: Glamour model, law graduate, and girlfriend of Oscar Pistorius" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/reeva-steenkamp-fhm-model-law-graduate-and-girlfriend-of-oscar-pistorius-8494600.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Urban sista (30 October 2012). "Fashion advocate: Reeva Steenkamp" (http://www.legitimatefashion.com/fashion-chat/reeva-steenkamp-interview) . LEGiTimate fashion . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Ogling a dream in Jamaica". The Mercury (Durban) . 23 July 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b "Meet the schlebs and schmos on TIOT5" (http://www.tvsa.co.za/default.asp?blogname=news&articleid=21038) . TVSA. 1 February 2013 . Retrieved 27 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Moore, Malcolm (14 February 2013). "Oscar Pistorius murder charge: Reeva Steenkamp profile" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9870111/Oscar-Pistorius-murder-charge-Reeva-Steenkamp-profile.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 23 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Sivana Diamonds – Reeva Steenkamp" (http://www.crouse.co.za/blog/sivana-diamonds-reeva-steenkamp/) . Jason Crouse Photography . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ndamase, Mkhululi (30 November 2011). "Bay model on cover of lad mag". The Herald (Port Elizabeth) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "FHM 100 Sexiest Issue: Reeva Steenkamp (No. 45)" (http://fhm.co.za/in-the-mag/fhm-100-sexiest-issue-reeva-steenkamp-no-45/8698/) . FHM . 22 June 2012 . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "That ring". Sunday Times (Johannesburg) . 12 August 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Ndlovu, Andile (18 October 2012). "Standing up to bullies" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140304200626/http://m.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/?articleId=6927680) . The Times (Johannesburg). Archived from the original (http://m.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/?articleId=6927680) on 4 March 2014 . Retrieved 20 February 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Reeva Steenkamp Tropika Island of Treasure 5" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121103211653/http://www.tropika-island.co.za/reeva-steenkamp/) . Tropika. Archived from the original (http://www.tropika-island.co.za/reeva-steenkamp/) on 3 November 2012 . Retrieved 16 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Makhubele, Mantombi (26 August 2012). "If you want a decent cake don't ask these half-baked celebs". Sunday Times (Johannesburg) . ^ Jump up to: a b Alexandra Topping and agencies (14 February 2013). "Oscar Pistorius charged with murder after girlfriend shot dead" (https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/feb/14/oscar-pistorius-girlfriend-shot-dead) . The Guardian . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Stimulii media statement: Tropika Island of Treasure 5" (https://archive.today/20130407191553/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/15/89351.html) . bizcommunity.com. Archived from the original (http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/15/89351.html) on 7 April 2013 . Retrieved 16 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "SABC1 statement on Reeva Steenkamp" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140503165947/http://www.screenafrica.com/page/news/television/1521914-SABC1-statement-on-Reeva-Steenkamp) . screenafrica.com. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.screenafrica.com/page/news/television/1521914-SABC1-statement-on-Reeva-Steenkamp) on 3 May 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Davis, Rebecca (18 February 2013). "Tropika Island of Treasure: Grab that cash with both hands and make a stash" (http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-02-18-tropika-island-of-treasure-grab-that-cash-with-both-hands-and-make-a-stash/) . Daily Maverick . Retrieved 18 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Smith, David (16 February 2013). "Oscar Pistorius murder charge: family breaks silence" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/16/oscar-pistorius-murder-charge-family) . The Observer . Retrieved 19 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Msimango, Ziphezinhle (23 December 2012). "They stole the scene: The A-list". Sunday Times . Johannesburg. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Taboo hosts launch of 2013 Cosmopolitan Sexiest Men Calender" (https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/51495/taboo-hosts-launch-of-2013-cosmopolitan-sexiest-men-calender) . Media Update. 4 February 2013 . Retrieved 7 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "The Ultimate Redd Door Experience, a night that opened up a thousand imaginations" (http://www.themarketingsite.com/live/content.php?Session_ID=854b152803c78c5d353df02e119f4d7c&Item_ID=27925) . The Marketing Site. 10 December 2012 . Retrieved 20 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Ndebele, Gabisile (24 December 2012). "Celeb scandals that rocked 2012" (http://www.channel24.co.za/News/Local/Celeb-scandals-that-rocked-2012-20121224) . News24 . Retrieved 20 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Did SMS cause Oscar and Reeva fight?" (http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Did-SMS-cause-Oscar-and-Reeva-fight-20130218) . News24 . 18 February 2013 . Retrieved 19 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Oscar Pistorius trial: doctor describes finding body of Reeva Steenkamp" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/06/oscar-pistorius-trial-doctor-body-reeva-steenkamp) . The Guardian . 6 March 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Reeva Steenkamp funeral: Mourners call for Oscar Pistorius to be punished" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/19/reeva-steenkamp-funeral-south-africa) . The Guardian . Reuters. 19 February 2013 . Retrieved 20 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-nytimes_36-0) Polgreen, Lydia (14 February 2013). "A Nation Reels as a Star Runner Is Charged in Girlfriend's Death" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/sports/oscar-pistorius-shooting-south-africa.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Pistorius pleads not guilty on day one of murder trial" (http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2014/03/03/pistorius-pleads-not-guilty-on-day-one-of-murder-trial) . Business Day . South Africa. 3 March 2014 . Retrieved 14 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Germaner_38-0) Germaner, Shain (12 September 2014). "Oscar: the verdict is in" (http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/oscar-the-verdict-is-in-1.1749921) . The Star . Retrieved 12 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/oscar-pistorius/11089621/Oscar-Pistorius-jailed-for-five-years-sport-afforded-no-protection-against-his-tragic-fallibilities.html) . The Daily Telegraph . 21 October 2014 . Retrieved 14 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Pistorius jail term more than doubled" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42107701) . BBC News . 24 November 2017 . Retrieved 24 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Davis, Rebecca (13 December 2013). "Daily Maverick's SA Person(s) of the year 2013: Anene Booysen and Reeva Steenkamp" (http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-12-13-daily-mavericks-sa-persons-of-the-year-2013-anene-booysen-and-reeva-steenkamp/) . Daily Maverick . Retrieved 13 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Ferreira, Thinus (13 February 2014). "Oscar Pistorius murder trial will be SA's 'OJ Simpson' (http://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/Oscar-Pistorius-murder-trial-will-be-SAs-OJ-Simpson-20140213) " (http://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/Oscar-Pistorius-murder-trial-will-be-SAs-OJ-Simpson-20140213) . News24 . Retrieved 14 February 2014 . Further reading [ edit ] Steenkamp, June (2014). Reeva : a mother's story . London: Sphere. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7515-5872-2 . 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Style of women's dress that borrows details from a man's shirt A 1943 shirtdress A shirtdress is a style of women's dress (/wiki/Dress) that borrows details from a man's shirt (/wiki/Dress_shirt) . These can include a collar (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) , a button (/wiki/Button) front (/wiki/Placket) , or cuffed (/wiki/Cuff) sleeves (/wiki/Sleeve) . Often, these dresses are made up in crisp fabrics including cotton (/wiki/Cotton) or silk (/wiki/Silk) , much like a men's dress shirt (/wiki/Dress_shirt) would be. As they are typically cut without a seam (/wiki/Sewing) at the waist, these dresses often have a looser fit, usually relying on a belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) to define the waist. Button fronts and a forgiving fit make this a flattering look for most body types (/wiki/Body_types) . History [ edit ] A shirtdress worn with a belt, 1970s. A 1990s shirtdress. Shirtdresses were sometimes called "shirtwaist dresses" when they were fashionable during the 1950s. The 1950s version of the shirtdress was launched as part of Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) 's post–World War II " New Look (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.#The_.22New_Look.22) " couture designs, with a full skirt held up by wearing a crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) . [1] (#cite_note-1) They often featured a notched collar, and elbow-length sleeves with cuffs. More informal versions of the shirtdress, made of cotton, but retaining the full skirt and collar, became a staple part of many women's wardrobes during the 1950s, with designers such as Anne Fogarty (/wiki/Anne_Fogarty) becoming known for their versions of this style. [2] (#cite_note-shirtdress-2) A 1957 issue of Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) magazine includes a photo of a typical cotton shirtdress selling for $25 in New York City. [3] (#cite_note-3) A variation of the original shirtdress is the " T-shirt dress ". T-shirt dresses began being produced in the 1960s, and are simply an elongated version of a T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) . [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 1945–60 in fashion (/wiki/1945%E2%80%9360_in_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hewitt, Valerie; Ann Kellogg & Lynn Payne (2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through American History, 1900 to the Present: Volume 1, 1900–1949 . Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 311. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33395-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-shirtdress_2-0) Popular Shirt Dress Combines Tailored Top with Ruffly Skirt , Reading Eagle , June 30, 1954, p. 26 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Fashion: A Spree on 7th Avenue". Life . Vol. 42, no. 10. 11 Mar 1957. p. 112. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0024-3019 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0024-3019) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cumming, Valerie; C. W. Cunnington & P. E. Cunnington (2010). The Dictionary of Fashion History . Berg Publishers. p. 211. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-534-0 . 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Aaju Peter at the opening ceremony at Riddu Riđđu (/wiki/Riddu_Ri%C4%91%C4%91u) 2019. Inuit lawyer, activist and sealskin clothes designer Aaju Peter CM (/wiki/Order_of_Canada) (Born 1960 in Arkisserniaq, Greenland (/wiki/Greenland) [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) ) is an Inuk (/wiki/Inuit) lawyer, activist and sealskin (/wiki/Sealskin) clothes designer. In 2012, she received the Order of Canada (/wiki/Order_of_Canada) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Aaju Peter [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) has travelled across Greenland, Europe, and Canada, performing modern drum dance and traditional singing and displaying sealskin fashions. She graduated from Akitsiraq Law School (/wiki/Akitsiraq_Law_School) in 2005 and was called to the bar in 2007. She has appeared in the documentary films Angry Inuk (/wiki/Angry_Inuk) (2016) and Arctic Defenders (2013). [3] (#cite_note-Mullen-3) [4] (#cite_note-McLaughlin-4) In 2019, Aaju Peter was a guest of the Université du Québec à Montréal (/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al) , and a video was produced about her visit. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the 1980s Peter married a Canadian and moved to Frobisher Bay, now Iqaluit (/wiki/Iqaluit) . She raised five children on her own and still resides in Iqaluit. [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) She was profiled in the 2023 documentary film Twice Colonized (/wiki/Twice_Colonized) . [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Peter, Aaju | Inuit Literatures ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᒍᓯᖏᑦ Littératures inuites" (https://inuit.uqam.ca/en/node/36) . inuit.uqam.ca . Retrieved 2021-01-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "NunatsiaqOnline 2012-11-22: NEWS: Aaju Peter becomes member of Order of Canada Nov. 23" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161012071749/http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674aaju_peter_will_be_invested_into_the_order_of_canada_nov._23/) . Nunatsiaq News (/wiki/Nunatsiaq_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674aaju_peter_will_be_invested_into_the_order_of_canada_nov._23/) on 2016-10-12 . Retrieved 2016-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mullen_3-0) Mullen, Patrick (11 May 2016). "Review: 'Angry Inuk' (http://povmagazine.com/articles/view/review-angry-inuk) " (http://povmagazine.com/articles/view/review-angry-inuk) . Point of View . Documentary Organization of Canada (/wiki/Documentary_Organization_of_Canada) . Retrieved 9 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-McLaughlin_4-0) McLaughlin, Paul (17 February 2010). "Interview: sealskin clothing designer and lawyer Aaju Peter" (https://this.org/2010/02/17/aaju-peter-interview/) . This magazine (/wiki/This_(Canadian_magazine)) . No. January–February 2010 . Retrieved 24 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Video: Inuktut, the language of the Inuit | Inuit Literatures ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᒍᓯᖏᑦ Littératures inuites" (https://inuit.uqam.ca/en/node/273) . inuit.uqam.ca . Retrieved Mar 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Guy Lodge, "‘Twice Colonized’ Review: An Indigenous Activist Defends Her People’s Rights While Tending to Personal Wounds" (https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/twice-colonized-review-1235597618/) . Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) , April 27, 2023. External links [ edit ] Media related to Aaju Peter (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aaju_Peter) at Wikimedia Commons The Frontline of Climate Change , The Walrus 2014-2018 Sedna expedition biography (http://www.sednaepic.com/team-sedna/advisers/tanis-angove) This Canadian biographical article relating to law is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aaju_Peter&action=edit) . v t e This Greenlandic biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Clarita de Quiroz" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Clarita+de+Quiroz%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Clarita+de+Quiroz%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Clarita+de+Quiroz%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Clarita+de+Quiroz%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Clarita+de+Quiroz%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Clarita+de+Quiroz%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Clarita de Quiroz Background information Born ( 1983-08-03 ) 3 August 1983 (age 40) Abu Dhabi (/wiki/Abu_Dhabi) , United Arab Emirates Origin Dorset (/wiki/Dorset) , England and Edzell (/wiki/Edzell) , Angus, Scotland (/wiki/Angus,_Scotland) Genres Pop, soul, classical crossover Occupation(s) Pianist, singer, song-writer, presenter, spokesperson Instrument(s) Piano, xylophone (/wiki/Xylophone) , vibraphone (/wiki/Vibraphone) , marimba (/wiki/Marimba) , vocals Years active 2006–present Website claritadequiroz (http://claritadequiroz.com/) .com (http://claritadequiroz.com/) Musical artist Clarita de Quiroz (born 3 August 1983) is a Scottish singer–songwriter and model from Edzell (/wiki/Edzell) , Angus, Scotland (/wiki/Angus,_Scotland) . De Quiroz is a classically trained pianist and percussionist, who was named north-east Scotland's "Young Musician of the Year" in 1998. In August 2008, De Quiroz appeared in the video for MC Harvey (/wiki/MC_Harvey) 's "If I Was Your Man", the shooting of which was interrupted by Fife Police (/wiki/Fife_Police) , as it was taking place close to the home of Prime Minister Gordon Brown (/wiki/Gordon_Brown) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Her first single, "Summertime", was released in September 2008. She is also known for supporting Akon (/wiki/Akon) in Scotland during 2007 as well as Amp Fiddler (/wiki/Amp_Fiddler) . De Quiroz is now based in the UAE. De Quiroz filmed for the first motion picture in Dubai, City of Life (/wiki/City_of_Life) . De Quiroz is also one of the Michelle Mone (/wiki/Michelle_Mone) Ultimo (/wiki/Ultimo_(lingerie)) 's package models (website demonstration model) alongside ex Miss Scotland (/wiki/Miss_Scotland) Lois Weatherup . Career [ edit ] Modelling [ edit ] De Quiroz was signed to numerous agencies. She was first signed with Scotland's The Look Agency (now The Look at Colours Agency). [3] (#cite_note-3) Her Dubai agency is Bareface (/wiki/Bareface) for modelling. [4] (#cite_note-4) De Quiroz is currently based in Dubai where she has modelled for, MAC (/wiki/Make-up_Art_Cosmetics) Makeup, Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) Makeup UAE, Snob magazine, Physique magazine, Illustrado magazine, Liz Claiborne (/wiki/Liz_Claiborne) UAE, Sheraton Hotels, Lily Pond Spa, Galeries Lafayette (/wiki/Galeries_Lafayette) , Crafft AC (Commercial), Dubai Tourism Global Commercial, Men's Fitness (/wiki/Men%27s_Fitness) Magazine, Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) , Abu Dhabi Sports TV, Dessert Fish Magazine, and Emirates Woman Magazine. De Quiroz was also a selected finalist for the Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) BFF Dubai 2009 show however rejected the opportunity. Clarita became the face of Val Saint Lambert (/wiki/Val_Saint_Lambert) in October 2009 and shot for the new campaign in Belgium. [5] (#cite_note-5) De Quiroz was a packaging model for Ultimo (/wiki/Ultimo_(lingerie)) lingerie alongside Lois Weatherup, a former Miss Scotland. She has modelled for companies such as La Senza (/wiki/La_Senza) , Boudich Lingerie, La Sirenne [6] (#cite_note-6) Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) Stacked , ICS learning commercial, front page model and editorial model for Illustrado Magazine [7] (#cite_note-7) La Femme Fatale Lingerie, Wella (/wiki/Wella) [8] (#cite_note-8) Hair at Salon International 2007, MTV (/wiki/MTV) , [9] (#cite_note-9) and appeared on numerous front page covers of magazines and editorials/commercials. [10] (#cite_note-10) Music [ edit ] De Quiroz is a classically trained pianist and percussionist, who was named north-east Scotland's "Young Musician of the Year" in 1998. Clarita supported Sir Elton John (/wiki/Sir_Elton_John) at his Abu Dhabi Yas Arena performance in March 2012 as well as won the GR8! Women Awards 2012 for Best Singer in the Middle East. Clarita performed at the Formula 1 Abu Dhabi 2011 just after her performance alongside Macy Gray (/wiki/Macy_Gray) in Doha for the Doha 21st Century Leaders Awards (/wiki/Doha_21st_Century_Leaders_Awards) 2011 in October. Clarita de Quiroz also performed at the 2010 Formula 1 [11] (#cite_note-11) supporting Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) , Gabrielle (/wiki/Gabrielle_(singer)) and the Sugababes (/wiki/Sugababes) . De Quiroz was elected one of the UAE's Hot 100 for Ahlan (/wiki/Ahlan) Magazine UAE, where she performed during the night before Jermaine Jackson (/wiki/Jermaine_Jackson) and accompanied Sheila Ferguson (/wiki/Sheila_Ferguson) from Three Degrees (/wiki/Three_Degrees) on the piano. De Quiroz completed her "Grade 8 Piano" at the age of 16 and her "Grade 8 Percussion" at 15 at the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (/wiki/Associated_Board_of_the_Royal_Schools_of_Music) . De Quiroz composed her first concerto Inamorato at the age of 15 during her lunch time breaks during school. She started her vocal training at the age of 13. De Quiroz has been featured on BBC Radio 1Xtra (/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra) , [12] (#cite_note-12) BBC One (/wiki/BBC_One) , [13] (#cite_note-13) BBC Scotland (/wiki/BBC_Scotland) , [ clarification needed ] and supported Akon (/wiki/Akon) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Amp Fiddler (/wiki/Amp_Fiddler) , and Martin Luther (/wiki/Martin_Luther) (Roots). Her performances in Dubai have included the Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) Style Awards 2009, Time Out (/wiki/Time_Out_(company)) Awards and Esquire Magazine (/wiki/Esquire_Magazine) Launch 2009, Arabian Business Awards and Emirates Woman of the Year Awards 2009. In October 2009 Clarita performed in front of the Qatar (/wiki/Qatar) Al Thani (/wiki/Al_Thani) Royal Family for the Doha 21st Century Leaders Awards (/wiki/Doha_21st_Century_Leaders_Awards) 2009. [15] (#cite_note-15) She released her first Single "Summertime" [16] (#cite_note-16) in 2008 which featured Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) 's girls Kin 4 Life and HBO Latino (/wiki/HBO_Latino) 's La Bruja. The double single release also contained Hypnotize featuring Flipmode Squad (/wiki/Flipmode_Squad) 's Baby Sham and Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's JNan . Presenting [ edit ] De Quiroz started shooting for City 7 TV's Dubai Dine TV and Dubai Night's TV shows in June 2010. Personal life [ edit ] De Quiroz was one of the six Women of Substance 2009 for the UAE for Illustrado [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) She plans to expand on her charity work this year to build schools in the Philippines. She is a big fan of Paulo Coehlo (/wiki/Paulo_Coehlo) and Kahlil Gibran (/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran) 's writing and shares the similar spiritual beliefs. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kevin Duguid (2 September 2008). "North-east model in rap video armed raid drama" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110519040738/http://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/Article.aspx/816421?UserKey=) . Evening Express (/wiki/Evening_Express_(Scotland)) . Archived from the original (http://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/Article.aspx/816421?UserKey=) on 19 May 2011 . Retrieved 17 September 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Mark Smith (1 September 2008). "Cops swoop on MC Harvey's video shoot" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/09/01/cops-swoop-on-harvey-s-video-shoot-115875-20719856/) . Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . Retrieved 17 September 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Colours Model, Artists, Creatives and Events Management (http://www.coloursagency.com) . Coloursagency.com. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Model Agency | Dubai Models (http://www.bareface.com/Models/default.asp?search_gender=f&Modelcategoryid=b) . Bareface. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cristallerie du Val Saint Lambert, maîtres artisans du cristal depuis 1826" (https://www.val-saint-lambert.com/fr/) . Val-saint-lambert.com . Retrieved 15 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) [1] (http://salonlasirene.com/default.asp) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090802042058/http://salonlasirene.com/default.asp) 2 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Official Website of Clarita de Quiroz Singer Songwriter Pianist Model (http://www.claritadequiroz.com) . Claritadequiroz.com. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-8) [2] (http://www.starnow.co.uk/claritadquiroz) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090315053705/http://www.starnow.co.uk/claritadquiroz) 15 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-9) MTV Staying Alive 2008: Chewing gum | Ads of the World™ (http://adsoftheworld.com/media/tv/mtv_staying_alive_2008_chewing_gum) . Adsoftheworld.com. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Dedicated 2 Weddings Magazine (http://www.dedicated2weddings.com/covermodels.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090502023115/http://www.dedicated2weddings.com/covermodels.html) 2 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Dedicated2weddings.com (22 March 2009). Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Yasalam (https://web.archive.org/web/20110706065236/http://www.yasalam.ae/2010-live-on-abu-dhabi-corniche/beats-on-the-beach.aspx) . yasalam.ae ^ (#cite_ref-12) 1Xtra – Ras Kwame (https://www.bbc.co.uk/1xtra/raskwame/20061203.shtml) . BBC. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Radio 1 – Vic Galloway – Tracklisting (https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/vicgalloway/tracklistingarchive.shtml?20071115) . BBC. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Akon is coming to town (https://web.archive.org/web/20110717173516/http://www.urbanscot.com/index.php?id=5&news=319&action=show) . urbanscot.com. 5 July 2007 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Entertainment (http://www.21stcenturyleadersawards.org/award/entertainment/) . 21st Century Leaders Awards. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-16) R&B/Soul. Clarita: SUMMERTIME (Single) (https://web.archive.org/web/20091001184310/http://www.everyurbanthing.com/content.php?cID=523) . everyurbanthing.com ^ (#cite_ref-17) Open for Business (http://blogs.inquirer.net/openforbusiness/?p=379&akst_action=share-this) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090802013555/http://blogs.inquirer.net/openforbusiness/?p=379&akst_action=share-this) 2 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Blogs.inquirer.net. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Six Significant Filipinas Honored in Illustrado Women of Substance Event in Dubai (http://www.pr.com/press-release/143736) . PR.com. 8 April 2009. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Information on dubai city,citylife,culture and heritage of Dubai,UAE (http://www.godubai.com/citylife/lm1.asp?article_id=2009/GTY%23532) . GoDubai (15 March 1999). Retrieved on 6 April 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Buhay Disyerto (http://buhaydisyerto.com/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090421194039/http://buhaydisyerto.com/) 21 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Buhay Disyerto. Retrieved on 6 April 2012. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.claritadequiroz.com) Clarita de Quiroz (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3358715/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7fde55f0-b243-43b6-ab2e-c8322bc0b0ad) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐8v8rp Cached time: 20240712150943 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.502 seconds Real time usage: 0.962 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1762/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31378/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2238/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27766/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.316/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6912842/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 795.631 1 -total 36.57% 290.981 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 29.36% 233.569 1 Template:Infobox 21.32% 169.609 2 Template:Br_separated_entries 20.10% 159.940 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 18.99% 151.098 1 Template:Reflist 13.52% 107.565 2 Template:Cite_news 12.68% 100.852 1 Template:Authority_control 12.58% 100.053 1 Template:IMDb_name 11.91% 94.733 1 Template:BLP_sources Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:19280358-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712150943 and revision id 1217577432. 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Shirt brand This article is about the shirt brand. For the original Crispa basketball team, see Crispa Redmanizers (/wiki/Crispa_Redmanizers) . For the amateur teams that played in the MICAA (/wiki/MICAA) (1977-1981) and the PBL (/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_League) (1989-1992), see Crispa 400 (/wiki/Crispa_400) . Crispa Product type Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) Owner VNF and Sons, Inc. Country Philippines Introduced 1948 Previous owners P. Floro & Sons, Inc. Star Textiles, Inc. Website crispa (http://crispa.ph) .ph (http://crispa.ph) Crispa is a Philippine brand of shirts (/wiki/Shirts) . Background [ edit ] Crispa was established in 1948 [1] (#cite_note-makes-comeback-1) as a department store chain by the spouses Pablo and Crisanta Floro. [2] (#cite_note-ancx-2) The name is a portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) of the couple's first names and was later also used for its textile manufacturing business. [2] (#cite_note-ancx-2) The brand gained a good reputation by the 1970s with its line of T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , coinciding with the success of its fabled basketball team, the Crispa Redmanizers (/wiki/Crispa_Redmanizers) . [1] (#cite_note-makes-comeback-1) [2] (#cite_note-ancx-2) [3] (#cite_note-crispatshirts-3) The basketball team was established in 1956 by Valeriano "Danny" Floro, one of the sons of the Floro couple. [1] (#cite_note-makes-comeback-1) [2] (#cite_note-ancx-2) The original Crispa shirts and underwear were made purely from cotton and underwent a mechanical process called "Redmanization" to make the cloth dimensionally stable and more resilient to unwanted shrinking after washing. [1] (#cite_note-makes-comeback-1) [3] (#cite_note-crispatshirts-3) Crispa's garment and textile products were marketed as "Redmanized", "shrunk-to-fit". [1] (#cite_note-makes-comeback-1) [3] (#cite_note-crispatshirts-3) Crispa would discontinue its manufacturing and retail businesses, as well as disband its basketball team, following the decline of the Floro business enterprises by the late-1980s. [ citation needed ] During the mid-2000s, the Crispa brand was briefly revived by Star Textiles, Inc. with a line of shirts similar to the original line. In 2020, VNF and Sons, Inc., owned by certain grandchildren of Danny Floro, revived the Crispa brand with the introduction of a new line of T-shirts. [1] (#cite_note-makes-comeback-1) [2] (#cite_note-ancx-2) [3] (#cite_note-crispatshirts-3) See also [ edit ] Crispa Redmanizers (/wiki/Crispa_Redmanizers) Crispa 400 (/wiki/Crispa_400) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Defensor, Tet (8 June 2021). "Crispa makes a comeback" (https://manilastandard.net/lifestyle/style-beauty/356631/crispa-makes-a-comeback.html) . Manila Standard . Retrieved 23 August 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Gomez, Jerome (3 August 2021). "This Crispa shirt revival is taking us back to the wild days of PH basketball" (https://news.abs-cbn.com/ancx/style/necessary-style/08/03/21/this-crispa-shirt-revival-is-taking-us-back-to-the-wild-days-of-ph-basketball) . ANCX . Retrieved 25 November 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Crispa Redmanizers t-shirts making comeback" (https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/12/08/crispa-redmanizers-t-shirts-making-comeback/) . BusinessMirror . November 25, 2021 . Retrieved November 25, 2021 . Further reading [ edit ] Searching for the elusive Crispa store - Hey Ednan! - December 15, 2007 (http://heyednan.blogspot.com/2007/12/search-for-elusive-crispa-store.html) This article about a fashion brand, house, corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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British fashion brand This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Fyodor_Golan&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Fyodor+Golan&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Fyodor+Golan) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Fyodor_Golan) for suggestions. ( February 2022 ) FYODOR GOLAN Company type Private company Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2011 Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , the United Kingdom (/wiki/The_United_Kingdom) Key people Fyodor Podgorny & Golan Frydman (co-founders and partners) Products Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Website https://fyodor-golan.com/ (https://fyodor-golan.com/) FYODOR GOLAN is a fashion (/wiki/Fashion) brand (/wiki/Brand) based in London (/wiki/London) . It was founded in 2011 by British (/wiki/British_people) designers Fyodor Podgorny (born January 9, 1985, in Ventspils (/wiki/Ventspils) ) and Golan Frydman (born October 13, 1984, in Kfar Saba (/wiki/Kfar_Saba) ). The duo is known for their colourful advanced-contemporary ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) designs. Background [ edit ] Fyodor Podgorny was born in Latvia (/wiki/Latvia) and later moved to Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) to study fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) , at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_(Antwerp)) . In 2007 he moved to London (/wiki/London) where he worked for Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Golan Frydman was born in Israel (/wiki/Israel) . He moved to London to study fashion design at the Instituto Marangoni (/wiki/Instituto_Marangoni) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Frydman graduated in 2008. After an internship at Richard Nicoll (/wiki/Richard_Nicoll) , he worked for Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) from 2009 to 2010. The couple married in London in 2010. [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) Podgorny and Frydman founded the brand in 2011. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Career [ edit ] They launched their debut collection at Vauxhall Fashion Scout (/w/index.php?title=Vauxhall_Fashion_Scout&action=edit&redlink=1) . [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) In September 2011 the duo won the Fashion Fringe Award with the brand's second season. [4] (#cite_note-4) As a part of the award the designers gained funding, a studio space in Somerset House (/wiki/Somerset_House) , a place at the official London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , and business support. In 2012 FYODOR GOLAN was the focus of the Victoria & Albert (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) Fashion in Motion exhibition. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 2014 the fashion company joined the Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) Collective. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2014 the brand collaborated with Microsoft (/wiki/Microsoft) and created an interactive skirt for their autumn/winter collection made from Nokia Lumia 1520 (/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_1520) smartphones. [7] (#cite_note-7) The images on the screens were made to change and react to the wearer's movements and give the illusion of a fabric. Since January 2013 the brand is supported by the New Fashion Venture programme from the Centre for Fashion Enterprise (/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Fashion_Enterprise&action=edit&redlink=1) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2016 FYODOR GOLAN partnered with Miximaliste (/w/index.php?title=Miximaliste&action=edit&redlink=1) , [9] (#cite_note-9) a sustainable pre-order retail business and created for London Fashion Week a 3D (/wiki/3D_computer_graphics) CGI (/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery) fashion presentation. In 2016 and 2017 FYODOR GOLAN was selected for the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) Fashion Trust. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) In 2018 the company sold a minority stake to fashion investor Eisha Bharati Pasricha (/w/index.php?title=Eisha_Bharati_Pasricha&action=edit&redlink=1) . [11] (#cite_note-11) FYODOR GOLAN has collaborated with several brands (/wiki/Brands) , including My Little Pony (/wiki/My_Little_Pony) , Coca-Cola (/wiki/Coca-Cola) , MTV (/wiki/MTV) , Post-It (/wiki/Post-It) , Sonic the Hedgehog (/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog) , Chupa Chups (/wiki/Chupa_Chups) and Powerpuff Girls (/wiki/Powerpuff_Girls) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The fashion label's designs were worn by Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) (for her collaboration with Samsung (/wiki/Samsung) called ANTIdiaRy ), [12] (#cite_note-12) Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) , Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) , Hayley Kiyoko (/wiki/Hayley_Kiyoko) (to the MTV Video Music Award (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award) 's after party celebrating her Best New Artist Award ), Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) (performing at the Capital FM (/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)) Summer Time Ball and for her performance at the MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) in 2017). [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [13] (#cite_note-13) Awards and honours [ edit ] 2011 – Fashion Fringe Award [14] (#cite_note-14) 2012 – was the focus of the Victoria and Albert (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) Fashion in Motion exhibition [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) 2013 – supported by the Centre for Fashion Enterprise (/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Fashion_Enterprise&action=edit&redlink=1) [15] (#cite_note-15) 2013 – shortlisted for the Dorchester Collection Fashion Prize [16] (#cite_note-16) 2013 – shortlisted for the International Woolmark Prize in the British Isle's category [17] (#cite_note-17) 2015 – Best Young Talent in Womenswear (/wiki/Womenswear) at the Premium Young Designers Awards in Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) [18] (#cite_note-18) 2015 – Decoded Fashion Futures Awards for best new E-Store [19] (#cite_note-19) 2016 and 2017 – selected for the British Fashion Council Fashion Trust [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Business of Fashion , A London based advanced contemporary womenswear brand with colour at its core. Luxury Sportswear. Elevated Aesthetics. Rainbow., Retrieved October 09, 2018 (https://www.businessoffashion.com/organisations/fyodor-golan/) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Vogue , Fringe Three, May 25, 2011 (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/roland-mouret-and-claudia-schiffer-fashion-fringe-finalists/) ^ Jump up to: a b Travel , FYODOR GOLAN: the Fashion Fringe winners talk success and style, September 23, 2011 (https://web.archive.org/web/20110923161217/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/8784073/FYODOR-GOLAN-the-Fashion-Fringe-winners-talk-success-and-style.html) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fashion United , LFW: Fashion Fringe winner, September 19, 2011 (https://fashionunited.uk/v1/fashion/lfw-fashion-fringe-winner/2011091911111/) ^ Jump up to: a b "Fashion in Motion: Fyodor Golan · V&A" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/fashion-in-motion-fyodor-golan/) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 2024-05-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Fashion United , Swarovski unveils designer collaborations, January 28, 2014 (https://fashionunited.com/v1/apparel/swarovski-unveils-designer-collaborations/201401281543/) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Fashion United , LFW: Nokia Smart Skirt, February 17, 2014 (https://fashionunited.uk/v1/video/lfw-nokia-smart-skirt/201402179215/) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Centre for Fashion Enterprise , BBE FINALIST 10 – FYODOR GOLAN, Retrieved October 11, 2018 (https://web.archive.org/web/20150910221648/http://www.fashion-enterprise.com/bbe-finalist-10-fyodor-golan/) [usurped] (/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Fashion United , Fyodor Golan uses CGI technology for LFW presentation, September 20, 2016 (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/fyodor-golan-uses-cgi-technology-for-lfw-presentation/2016092021834/) ^ Jump up to: a b "British Fashion Council" (https://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/pressreleases/BFC-Fashion-Trust-Announces-its-2017-Grant-Recipients/) . www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk . Retrieved 2024-05-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Fashion United , Fyodor Golan sells minority stake to Eiesha Bharti Pasricha, January 30, 2018 (https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/fyodor-golan-sells-minority-stake-to-eiesha-bharti-pasricha/2018013027908/) ^ (#cite_ref-12) Haus of Rihanna , ANTIdiaRy Style Part II, December 06, 2015 (http://hausofrihanna.com/fyodor-golan-fall-2014//) ^ (#cite_ref-13) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010139/https://www.miximaliste.com/us/en/designer/fyodor-golan/) Miximaliste , CELEBRITIES WEARING FYODOR GOLAN, Retrieved October 11, 2018" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010139/https://www.miximaliste.com/us/en/designer/fyodor-golan/) . Archived from the original (https://www.miximaliste.com/us/en/designer/fyodor-golan/) on November 7, 2018 . Retrieved November 6, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Boy meets Fashion , WHEN FYODOR GOLAN BECAME WINNERS OF THE FASHION FRINGE 2011 PRIZE, 2011 (http://www.boymeetsfashion.com/when-fyodor-golan-became-winners-of-the-fashion-fringe-2011-prize//) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Centre for Fashion Enterprise , BBE FINALIST 10 – FYODOR GOLAN, Retrieved October 11, 2018 (https://web.archive.org/web/20150910221648/http://www.fashion-enterprise.com/bbe-finalist-10-fyodor-golan/) [usurped] (/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Fashion United , Dorchester Collection Fashion Prize reveals shortlist, July 25, 2013 (https://fashionunited.uk/v1/design/dorchester-collection-fashion-prize-reveals-shortlist/201307254360/) ^ (#cite_ref-17) Fashion United , Woolmark names British Isle nominees, April 28, 2015 (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/woolmark-names-british-isle-nominees/2015042816241/) ^ (#cite_ref-18) Fashion United , Fyodor Golan wins Premium young designers’ award, July 13, 2015 (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/fyodor-golan-wins-premium-young-designers-award/2015071317024/) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Vogue , And The Fashion Futures Award Winners Are..., May 22, 2015 (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/the-fashion-futures-awards-winners-2015-burberry-farfetch-anya-hindmarch/) External links [ edit ] Official website (https://fyodor-golan.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐f26j8 Cached time: 20240715122220 Cache expiry: 1424262 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.553 seconds Real time usage: 0.868 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1486/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17420/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2261/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22446/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.364/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4505054/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 793.186 1 -total 32.28% 256.057 3 Template:Cite_web 25.95% 205.843 1 Template:Infobox_company 23.58% 187.043 1 Template:Infobox 20.02% 158.773 1 Template:Orphan 18.97% 150.434 1 Template:Draft_other 18.67% 148.081 1 Template:Ambox 18.45% 146.349 1 Template:Short_description 8.56% 67.894 2 Template:Pagetype 3.38% 26.811 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58983869-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715122220 and revision id 1223963613. 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American non-profit organization and museum The Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History is a non-profit organization located in Palm Beach County (/wiki/Palm_Beach_County) , Florida. Currently the museum is seeking a permanent location. Since year 2004, the Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History has been conducting narrated bus tours of historic Delray Beach, Florida (/wiki/Delray_Beach,_Florida) . In October 2011, the Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History launched the first culinary tours in Palm Beach County. History [ edit ] The Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History was founded in 1999. Its mission is to showcase "lifestyle, cultures, people, places, fashion trends, clothes, architecture, furnishings, decorative arts, interior designs, locomotives and toys, and information about popular uses of artifacts by people/events of various periods of time". From 2003 to 2005 the museum located in the Pineapple Grove Plaza in the City of Delray Beach. In year 2005, the plaza was sold and demolished and the museum was homeless. From 2009 to 2012 the museum was located at the Boynton Beach Mall (/wiki/Boynton_Beach_Mall) in the City of Boynton Beach, Florida (/wiki/Boynton_Beach,_Florida) . There were two permanent history exhibits: the Fashion Treasures exhibit showcasing fashions from the 1800s to present, and the Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) Museum gallery chronicling the anthropological impact of this world famous doll. Barbie Museum [ edit ] The Barbie Museum display at the Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History included hundreds of vintage, original and collector edition Barbie dolls, her family members and friends, and clothes and accessories dating from the doll's beginning in 1959 to the present. Efforts were started in 1999 to raise monies to establish the non-profit Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History to feature a permanent gallery for the Barbie doll and the doll's popular culture history. [1] (#cite_note-placecallhome-1) [2] (#cite_note-fashmusbuildown-2) Additionally, to complement the Barbie Museum, the Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History featured a permanent rotating small-format exhibit about fashion history from the late 1880s to present. In 1999 the idea developed for this unique museum devoted to Barbie doll history began when then 27-year-old Lori J. Durante conceived, organized and curated an exhibit entitled: "40 Years of the Barbie Doll: In Celebration of Women's History Month". [1] (#cite_note-placecallhome-1) [2] (#cite_note-fashmusbuildown-2) Durante had worked as a fashion stylist for Boca Raton Magazine and Worth Avenue (/wiki/Worth_Avenue) Magazine and also as a fashion writer for other publications. In 1998, Durante came up with a fashion news story idea about Barbie's 39th birthday for a news article she wrote for Jezebel Magazine. The research about the Barbie and the subsequent news story that Durante wrote inspired Durante to create an exhibit display about the doll for her 40th anniversary in 1999 to be located in Delray Beach,Florida. For this exhibit display, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) loaned to Lori J. Durante multi-cultural and collector edition Barbie dolls that came from the Mattel archives in California (/wiki/California) . This small-format exhibit included a showcase of dolls from both Mattel and private collectors. The Barbie doll show became a blockbuster exhibit with more than 20,000 attendees from all over the State of Florida, the U.S. and from abroad. The exhibit became the number one exhibit in all of Palm Beach County, Florida and that attendance record for a locally created exhibit has not been broken yet. [1] (#cite_note-placecallhome-1) [2] (#cite_note-fashmusbuildown-2) Permanent archival and artifact collections [ edit ] The Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History's permanent archival and artifact collection consists of more than 300 fashion items, clothes, accessories, household products, furnishings, decorative arts, toys and dolls, including ninety couture dresses designed by Arnold Scaasi (/wiki/Arnold_Scaasi) that were given to the museum from a local historical society. The fashion collection includes clothing by Chester Weinberg (/wiki/Chester_Weinberg) , Bill Blass (/wiki/Bill_Blass) , Hattie Carnegie (/wiki/Hattie_Carnegie) , Stetson (/wiki/Stetson) , Lilly Pulitzer (/wiki/Lilly_Pulitzer) and Iris Apfel (/wiki/Iris_Apfel) . References [ edit ] ^ a b c Palm Beach Daily News article entitled: A Place To Call Home written by Robert Janjigian. December 1, 2008 issue ^ a b c Palm Beach Post Neighborhood Post for Delray Beach & Boynton Beach cover news stories. "Fashion Museum Seeks to build own space" written by Lina Hasse. March 14, 2007 4. September 2005 Boca Raton News article about the museum's efforts to temporarily occupy of the old Downtown Delray Beach Library facility. John Johnston, Editor. http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/content/news/2008/11/30/MON_fash_museum_1201.html (http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/content/news/2008/11/30/MON_fash_museum_1201.html) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.mlfhmuseum.org/) 26°32′08″N 80°05′45″W / 26.5356°N 80.0957°W / 26.5356; -80.0957 v t e Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) Dolls Barbie Diversity (/wiki/Barbie#Diversity) Computer Engineer (/wiki/Computer_Engineer_Barbie) Teen Talk (/wiki/Teen_Talk_Barbie) Totally Hair (/wiki/Totally_Hair_Barbie) Basics (/wiki/Barbie_Basics) Dreamhouse (/wiki/Barbie_Dreamhouse) Ken (/wiki/Ken_(doll)) Earring Magic (/wiki/Earring_Magic_Ken) Allan (/wiki/Allan_(Barbie)) Francie (/wiki/Francie_(Barbie)) List of friends and family (/wiki/List_of_Barbie%27s_friends_and_family) Midge (/wiki/Midge_(Barbie)) Nikki (/wiki/Nikki_(Barbie)) The Rockers (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Rockers) Skipper (/wiki/Skipper_(Barbie)) Teresa (/wiki/Teresa_(Barbie)) My Scene (/wiki/My_Scene) Films Animated (/wiki/List_of_Barbie_films) The Nutcracker (/wiki/Barbie_in_the_Nutcracker) (2001) Rapunzel (/wiki/Barbie_as_Rapunzel) (2002) Swan Lake (/wiki/Barbie_of_Swan_Lake) (2003) The Princess and the Pauper (/wiki/Barbie_as_the_Princess_and_the_Pauper) (2004) Fairytopia (/wiki/Barbie:_Fairytopia) (2005) The Magic of Pegasus (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Magic_of_Pegasus) (2005) The Barbie Diaries (/wiki/The_Barbie_Diaries) (2006) The 12 Dancing Princesses (/wiki/Barbie_in_the_12_Dancing_Princesses) (2006) The Island Princess (/wiki/Barbie_as_the_Island_Princess) (2007) The Diamond Castle (/wiki/Barbie_%26_the_Diamond_Castle) (2008) A Christmas Carol (/wiki/Barbie_in_a_Christmas_Carol) (2008) Thumbelina (/wiki/Barbie:_Thumbelina) (2009) The Three Musketeers (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Three_Musketeers) (2009) A Mermaid Tale (/wiki/Barbie_in_a_Mermaid_Tale) (2010) A Fashion Fairytale (/wiki/Barbie:_A_Fashion_Fairytale) (2010) A Fairy Secret (/wiki/Barbie:_A_Fairy_Secret) (2011) Princess Charm School (/wiki/Barbie:_Princess_Charm_School) (2011) A Mermaid Tale 2 (/wiki/Barbie_in_a_Mermaid_Tale_2) (2012) The Princess & the Popstar (/wiki/Barbie:_The_Princess_%26_the_Popstar) (2012) The Secret Door (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Secret_Door) (2014) Star Light Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Star_Light_Adventure) (2016) Dolphin Magic (/wiki/Barbie_Dolphin_Magic) (2017) Princess Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Princess_Adventure) (2020) Chelsea: The Lost Birthday (/wiki/Barbie_%26_Chelsea:_The_Lost_Birthday) (2021) Big City, Big Dreams (/wiki/Barbie:_Big_City,_Big_Dreams) (2021) Mermaid Power (/wiki/Barbie:_Mermaid_Power) (2022) Epic Road Trip (/wiki/Barbie:_Epic_Road_Trip) (2022) Skipper and the Big Babysitting Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Skipper_and_the_Big_Babysitting_Adventure) (2023) Live-action Barbie (/wiki/Barbie_(film)) (2023) accolades (/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Barbie_(film)) Barbenheimer (/wiki/Barbenheimer) Related Magical Universe (/wiki/Magical_Universe) Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story (/wiki/Superstar:_The_Karen_Carpenter_Story) Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie (/wiki/Tiny_Shoulders:_Rethinking_Barbie) The Tribe (/wiki/The_Tribe_(2005_film)) Toy Story (/wiki/Toy_Story_(franchise)) 2 (/wiki/Toy_Story_2) (1999) 3 (/wiki/Toy_Story_3) (2010) Hawaiian Vacation (/wiki/Hawaiian_Vacation) (2011) 4 (/wiki/Toy_Story_4) (2019) Black Barbie: A Documentary (/wiki/Black_Barbie:_A_Documentary) TV/web series Life in the Dreamhouse (/wiki/Barbie:_Life_in_the_Dreamhouse) (2012–2015) Dreamtopia (/wiki/Barbie_Dreamtopia) (2016–2018) Dreamhouse Adventures (/wiki/Barbie_Dreamhouse_Adventures) (2018–2020) It Takes Two (/wiki/Barbie:_It_Takes_Two) (2022) A Touch of Magic (/wiki/Barbie:_A_Touch_of_Magic) (2023) TV specials The Rockers: Out of This World (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Rockers:_Out_of_This_World) (1987) The Sensations: Rockin' Back to Earth (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Sensations:_Rockin%27_Back_to_Earth) (1987) Other animations My Scene: Jammin' in Jamaica (/wiki/My_Scene:_Jammin%27_in_Jamaica) (2004) My Scene Goes Hollywood: The Movie (/wiki/My_Scene_Goes_Hollywood:_The_Movie) (2005) Video games (/wiki/List_of_Barbie_video_games) Barbie (/wiki/Barbie_(1984_video_game)) (1984) Barbie (/wiki/Barbie_(1991_video_game)) (1991) Game Girl (/wiki/Barbie:_Game_Girl) (1992) Super Model (/wiki/Barbie:_Super_Model) (1993) Fashion Designer (/wiki/Barbie_Fashion_Designer) (1996) Magic Fairy Tales: Barbie as Rapunzel (/wiki/Magic_Fairy_Tales:_Barbie_as_Rapunzel) (1997) Storymaker (/wiki/Barbie_Storymaker) (1997) Magic Hair Styler (/wiki/Barbie_Magic_Hair_Styler) (1997) Ocean Discovery (/wiki/Adventures_with_Barbie:_Ocean_Discovery) (1997) Nail Designer (/wiki/Barbie_Nail_Designer) (1998) Riding Club (/wiki/Barbie_Riding_Club) (1998) Detective Barbie (/wiki/Detective_Barbie) (1998–2000) Race & Ride (/wiki/Barbie:_Race_%26_Ride) (1999) Super Sports (/wiki/Barbie_Super_Sports) (1999) Magic Genie Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Magic_Genie_Adventure) (2000) Beach Vacation (/wiki/Barbie_Beach_Vacation) (2001) Explorer (/wiki/Barbie:_Explorer) (2001) Sparkling Ice Show (/wiki/Barbie_Sparkling_Ice_Show) (2002) Secret Agent Barbie (/wiki/Secret_Agent_Barbie) (2002) Horse Adventures (/wiki/Barbie_Horse_Adventures) (2003–2008) Vacation Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Vacation_Adventure) (unreleased) Music " Barbie Girl (/wiki/Barbie_Girl) " Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc. (/wiki/Mattel,_Inc._v._MCA_Records,_Inc.) Barbie the Album (/wiki/Barbie_the_Album) " Pink (/wiki/Pink_(Lizzo_song)) " " Dance the Night (/wiki/Dance_the_Night) " " Barbie World (/wiki/Barbie_World) " " Speed Drive (/wiki/Speed_Drive) " " Watati (/wiki/Watati) " " Man I Am (/wiki/Man_I_Am) " " I'm Just Ken (/wiki/I%27m_Just_Ken) " " What Was I Made For? (/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F) " " Angel (/wiki/Angel_(PinkPantheress_song)) " " Choose Your Fighter (/wiki/Choose_Your_Fighter) " " Barbie Dreams (/wiki/Barbie_Dreams_(Fifty_Fifty_song)) " Barbie score (/wiki/Barbie_(score)) People Ruth Handler (/wiki/Ruth_Handler) Jack Ryan (/wiki/Jack_Ryan_(designer)) Elliot Handler (/wiki/Elliot_Handler) Kenneth Handler (/wiki/Kenneth_Handler) Kitty Black Perkins (/wiki/Kitty_Black_Perkins) Al Carbee (/wiki/Al_Carbee) Tom Forsythe (/wiki/Tom_Forsythe) LaVonne Salleé (/wiki/LaVonne_Salle%C3%A9) Carol Spencer (/wiki/Carol_Spencer) Related Bild-Lilli (/wiki/Lilli_(comic_strip)) doll (/wiki/Bild_Lilli_doll) Barbie's careers (/wiki/Barbie%27s_careers) Mattel Inc. v. Walking Mountain Prods. (/wiki/Mattel_Inc._v._Walking_Mountain_Prods.) Willows, Wisconsin (/wiki/Willows_(Barbie)) Mattel Inc v 3894207 Canada Inc (/wiki/Mattel_Inc_v_3894207_Canada_Inc) Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History " Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy (/wiki/Lisa_vs._Malibu_Stacy) " The Most Popular Girls in School (/wiki/The_Most_Popular_Girls_in_School) Barbie Queen of the Prom (/wiki/Barbie_Queen_of_the_Prom) The Toys That Made Us (/wiki/The_Toys_That_Made_Us) Barbie Liberation Organization (/wiki/Barbie_Liberation_Organization) Barbie Shanghai (/wiki/Barbie_Shanghai) Category (/wiki/Category:Barbie) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐d4d7fbdcf‐hmst2 Cached time: 20240716115102 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.155 seconds Real time usage: 0.230 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 437/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 38124/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 631/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10637/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.094/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1941649/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 181.154 1 -total 47.62% 86.258 1 Template:Barbie 47.23% 85.553 2 Template:Navbox 32.25% 58.417 1 Template:Short_description 20.92% 37.895 2 Template:Pagetype 9.85% 17.848 1 Template:Coord 7.85% 14.224 1 Template:Official_website 5.46% 9.892 3 Template:Main_other 4.50% 8.147 1 Template:SDcat 4.28% 7.754 1 Template:Icon Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25774834-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716115102 and revision id 1227527763. 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Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2015 Status Active Genre Fashion show Date(s) November 10, 2015 ( 2015-11-10 ) Frequency Annually Venue Lexington Avenue Armory (/wiki/69th_Regiment_Armory) Location(s) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) Years active 28 Inaugurated August 1, 1995 ( 1995-08-01 ) Most recent 2018 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2018) Previous event 2014 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2014) Next event 2016 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2016) Member Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Website Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (https://www.victoriassecret.com/fashion-show) The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) is an annual fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) sponsored by Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , a brand of lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models (/wiki/Fashion_model) , including then current Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Angels) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) , Alessandra Ambrósio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambr%C3%B3sio) , Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) , Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) , Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) , Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) , Elsa Hosk (/wiki/Elsa_Hosk) , Jasmine Tookes (/wiki/Jasmine_Tookes) , Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) , Martha Hunt (/wiki/Martha_Hunt) , Jac Jagaciak (/wiki/Monika_Jagaciak) , Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Marie_Hill) , Stella Maxwell (/wiki/Stella_Maxwell) , Romee Strijd (/wiki/Romee_Strijd) , and Kate Grigorieva (/wiki/Kate_Grigorieva) . The show featured musical performances by Ellie Goulding (/wiki/Ellie_Goulding) , Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) , and The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) . [ citation needed ] Dates Locations Broadcaster Viewers (millions) Performers November 10, 2015 (recorded); December 8, 2015 New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) CBS 6.60 Ellie Goulding (/wiki/Ellie_Goulding) , Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) , and The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) . Fashion show segments [ edit ] Segment 1: Boho Psychedelic [ edit ] Performer Song Status Run-DMC (/wiki/Run-DMC) " King of Rock (/wiki/King_of_Rock) " Remixed Recording Pat Benatar (/wiki/Pat_Benatar) " Heartbreaker (/wiki/Heartbreaker_(Pat_Benatar_song)) " Remixed Recording Cream (/wiki/Cream_(band)) " I Feel Free (/wiki/I_Feel_Free) " Remixed Recording The Temptations (/wiki/The_Temptations) " Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today) (/wiki/Ball_of_Confusion_(That%27s_What_the_World_Is_Today)) " Remixed Recording Nationality Model Wings Runway shows Notes Namibian (/wiki/Demographics_of_Namibia) Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) WS 2007–2015 • 2018 3 Angel (2009–2019) Americans (/wiki/Americans) Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) 2009–2017 4 Angel (2010–2018) Jasmine Tookes (/wiki/Jasmine_Tookes) WS 2012–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) South African (/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) W 2007–2015 • 2017–2018 4 Angel (2010–2021) British (/wiki/British_people) Leomie Anderson (/wiki/Leomie_Anderson) 2015–2018 NEW Americans (/wiki/Americans) Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) 2015–2016 • 2018 Martha Hunt (/wiki/Martha_Hunt) W 2013–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2018) Puerto Rican (/wiki/Puerto_Ricans) Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) 2011–2016 Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Romee Strijd (/wiki/Romee_Strijd) W 2014–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Angolan (/wiki/Demographics_of_Angola) Maria Borges (/wiki/Maria_Borges) 2013–2017 American (/wiki/Americans) Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Hill_(model)) RW 2014–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Danish (/wiki/Danes) Josephine Skriver (/wiki/Josephine_Skriver) 2013–2018 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Elsa Hosk (/wiki/Elsa_Hosk) 2011–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Russian (/wiki/Russians) Kate Grigorieva (/wiki/Kate_Grigorieva) WS 2014–2016 New 5 Angel (2015-2016) Segment 2: Exotic Butterflies [ edit ] This segment was swapped in order of appearance with the third segment, Portrait of an Angel, for the TV version. Performer Song Status Ellie Goulding (/wiki/Ellie_Goulding) " Army (/wiki/Army_(Ellie_Goulding_song)) " Live Performance Nationality Name Wings Runway shows Notes Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) W 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) American (/wiki/Americans) Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) 2015–2016 • 2018 NEW Portuguese (/wiki/Portuguese_people) Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) W 2013–2018 New 5 Angels (2015–2021) New Zealander (/wiki/New_Zealanders) Stella Maxwell (/wiki/Stella_Maxwell) W 2014–2018 French (/wiki/French_people) Pauline Hoarau (/wiki/Pauline_Hoarau) 2015 NEW Australian (/wiki/Australians) Shanina Shaik (/wiki/Shanina_Shaik) W 2011–2012 • 2014–2015 • 2018 Polish (/wiki/Polish_people) Jac Jagaciak (/wiki/Monika_Jagaciak) W 2013–2015 New 5 Angel (2015-2016) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Daniela Braga (/wiki/Daniela_Braga) W 2014–2017 Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_people) Ming Xi (/wiki/Ming_Xi) 2013–2018 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Barbara Fialho W 2012–2018 FM Polish (/wiki/Polish_people) Magdalena Frackowiak (/wiki/Magdalena_Frackowiak) W 2010 • 2012–2015 Russian (/wiki/Russians) Valery Kaufman (/wiki/Valery_Kaufman) 2015–2016 NEW Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) W 2010–2011 • 2013–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Segment 3: Portrait of an Angel [ edit ] This segment was swapped in order of appearance with the second segment, Exotic Butterflies, for the TV version. Performer Song Status The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) " In the Night (/wiki/In_the_Night_(song)) " Live Performance Nationality Name Wings Runway shows Notes Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) SW 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) British (/wiki/British_people) Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) W 2010–2016 American (/wiki/Americans) Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) 2015–2016 • 2018 NEW Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Sanne Vloet (/wiki/Sanne_Vloet) 2015–2017 Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_people) Sui He (/wiki/Sui_He) W 2011–2018 Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Gracie Carvalho (/wiki/Gracie_Carvalho) 2010 • 2015 R Bruna Lirio (/wiki/Bruna_Lirio) 2015 • 2017 NEW Russian (/wiki/Russians) Vita Sidorkina (/wiki/Vita_Sidorkina) 2015 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Flavia Lucini (/wiki/Flavia_Lucini) 2015–2016 American (/wiki/Americans) Jacquelyn Jablonski (/wiki/Jacquelyn_Jablonski) RW 2010–2015 French (/wiki/French_people) Cindy Bruna 2013–2018 FM Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) RW 2005–2016 Former 3 Angel (2005–2008) French (/wiki/French_people) Constance Jablonski (/wiki/Constance_Jablonski) W 2010–2015 American (/wiki/Americans) Jasmine Tookes (/wiki/Jasmine_Tookes) W 2012–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Segment 4: PINK USA [ edit ] Performer Song Status Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) " Hands to Myself (/wiki/Hands_to_Myself) " Live Performance • Medley " Me & My Girls (/wiki/Me_%26_My_Girls_(Selena_Gomez_song)) " Nationality Name Wings Runway shows Notes Americans (/wiki/Americans) Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Marie_Hill) WA 2014–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Rachel Hilbert (/wiki/Rachel_Hilbert) WA 2015–2016 P Spokesmodel (2015-2017) • NEW • Billed. Megan Puleri 2015 NEW Belgian (/wiki/Belgians) Yumi Lambert (/wiki/Yumi_Lambert) 2014–2015 Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Maud Welzen (/wiki/Maud_Welzen) 2012 • 2014–2015 Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_people) Ming Xi (/wiki/Ming_Xi) W 2013–2018 Burundian (/wiki/Demographics_of_Burundi) Leila Nda (/wiki/Leila_Nda) 2015 • 2017 NEW Australian (/wiki/Australians) Bridget Malcolm (/wiki/Bridget_Malcolm) 2015–2016 American (/wiki/Americans) Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) 2015–2016 • 2018 Danish (/wiki/Danes) Josephine Skriver (/wiki/Josephine_Skriver) 2013–2018 American (/wiki/Americans) Devon Windsor W 2013–2018 FM Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Marie_Hill) and Megan Puleri returned to the runway at the end of the segment to close Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) 's performance. Segment 5: Ice Angels [ edit ] Song List Performance Status Ellie Goulding (/wiki/Ellie_Goulding) " Love Me Like You Do (/wiki/Love_Me_Like_You_Do) " Live Performance Nationality Name Wings Runway shows Notes South African (/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) W 2007–2015 • 2017–2018 4 Angel (2010–2021) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) 2010–2011 • 2013–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Angolan (/wiki/Demographics_of_Angola) Sharam Diniz (/wiki/Sharam_Diniz) 2012 • 2015 R Russian (/wiki/Russians) Kate Grigorieva (/wiki/Kate_Grigorieva) W 2014–2016 New 5 Angel (2015-2016) Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Elsa Hosk (/wiki/Elsa_Hosk) W 2011–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Barbara Fialho 2012–2018 FM Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) W 2005–2016 Former 3 Angel (2005–2008) Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_people) Sui He (/wiki/Sui_He) W 2011–2018 British (/wiki/British_people) Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) W 2010–2016 Belgian (/wiki/Belgians) Stella Maxwell (/wiki/Stella_Maxwell) W 2014–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Polish (/wiki/Polish_people) Jac Jagaciak (/wiki/Monika_Jagaciak) 2013–2015 New 5 Angel (2015–2016) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Romee Strijd (/wiki/Romee_Strijd) RW 2014–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Segment 6: Fireworks [ edit ] Performer Song Status The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) " Can't Feel My Face (/wiki/Can%27t_Feel_My_Face) " Live Performance Nationality Name Wings Runway shows Notes American (/wiki/Americans) Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) W 2009–2017 4 Angel (2010–2018) Wearing the "Firework Fantasy Bra" (Value: $2,000,000) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) W 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) French (/wiki/French_people) Cindy Bruna RW 2013–2018 FM Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) W 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Puerto Rican (/wiki/Puerto_Ricans) Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) W 2011–2016 Namibian (/wiki/Demographics_of_Namibia) Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) W 2007–2015 • 2018 3 Angel (2009–2019) Angolan (/wiki/Demographics_of_Angola) Maria Borges (/wiki/Maria_Borges) W 2013–2017 American (/wiki/Americans) Devon Windsor W 2013–2018 FM Portuguese (/wiki/Portuguese_people) Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) W New 5 Angel (2015–2021) French (/wiki/French_people) Constance Jablonski (/wiki/Constance_Jablonski) W 2010–2015 American (/wiki/Americans) Martha Hunt (/wiki/Martha_Hunt) W 2013–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2019) • SO Finale [ edit ] Performer Song Status Børns (/wiki/B%C3%B8rns) " Electric Love (/wiki/Electric_Love_(B%C3%B8rns_song)) " Remixed Recording Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) and Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) led the finale. Name Runway shows Notes Name Runway shows Notes Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) 2007–2015 • 2018 3 Angel (2009–2019) Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) 2009–2017 4 Angel (2010–2018) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) 2007–2015 • 2017–2018 4 Angel (2010–2021) Romee Strijd (/wiki/Romee_Strijd) 2014–2018 New 5 Angel (2015–2021) Elsa Hosk (/wiki/Elsa_Hosk) 2011–2018 New 5 Angels (2015–2021) Kate Grigorieva (/wiki/Kate_Grigorieva) 2014–2016 New 5 Angels (2015–2016) Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) 2010–2011 • 2013–2018 Jac Jagaciak (/wiki/Monika_Jagaciak) 2013–2015 Jasmine Tookes (/wiki/Jasmine_Tookes) 2012–2018 Stella Maxwell (/wiki/Stella_Maxwell) 2014–2018 New 5 Angels (2015–2021) Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) 2013–2018 Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Marie_Hill) Martha Hunt (/wiki/Martha_Hunt) Rachel Hilbert (/wiki/Rachel_Hilbert) 2015–2016 P Spokesmodel (2015–2016) • NEW • Billed. Constance Jablonski (/wiki/Constance_Jablonski) 2010–2015 Cindy Bruna (/wiki/Cindy_Bruna) 2013–2018 FM Devon Windsor (/wiki/Devon_Windsor) 2013–2018 FM Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) 2005–2016 Former 3 Angel (2005–2008) Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) 2011–2016 Sui He (/wiki/Sui_He) 2011–2018 Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) 2010–2016 Barbara Fialho (/wiki/Barbara_Fialho) 2012–2018 FM Jacquelyn Jablonski (/wiki/Jacquelyn_Jablonski) 2010–2015 Sharam Diniz (/wiki/Sharam_Diniz) 2012 • 2015 R Maria Borges (/wiki/Maria_Borges) 2013–2017 Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) 2015–2016 • 2018 NEW Vita Sidorkina (/wiki/Vita_Sidorkina) 2015 NEW Flavia Lucini (/wiki/Flavia_Lucini) 2015–2016 Gracie Carvalho (/wiki/Gracie_Carvalho) 2010 • 2015 R Bruna Lirio (/wiki/Bruna_Lirio) 2015 • 2017 Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) 2015–2016 • 2018 NEW Pauline Hoarau (/wiki/Pauline_Hoarau) 2015 Josephine Skriver (/wiki/Josephine_Skriver) 2013–2018 Sanne Vloet (/wiki/Sanne_Vloet) 2015–2017 Valery Kaufman (/wiki/Valery_Kaufman) 2015–2016 NEW Magdalena Frackowiak (/wiki/Magdalena_Frackowiak) 2010 • 2012–2015 Shanina Shaik (/wiki/Shanina_Shaik) 2011–2012 • 2014–2015 • 2018 Daniela Braga (/wiki/Daniela_Braga) 2014–2017 Bridget Malcolm (/wiki/Bridget_Malcolm) 2015–2016 NEW Ming Xi (/wiki/Ming_Xi) 2013–2018 Leila Nda (/wiki/Leila_Nda) 2015 • 2017 Yumi Lambert (/wiki/Yumi_Lambert) 2014–2015 Leomie Anderson (/wiki/Leomie_Anderson) 2015–2018 Maud Welzen (/wiki/Maud_Welzen) 2012 • 2014–2015 Megan Puleri 2015 Index [ edit ] Symbol Meaning 2 2nd Generation Angels 3 3rd Generation Angels 4 4th Generation Angels 5 5th Generation Angels P PINK Spokesmodel SO Swarovski Outfit W Wings SW Swarovski Wing RW Recycled Wing WS Wing Swapped WA Wing Added NEW Newcomer Model R Returning Model FM Fitting Model References [ edit ] v t e Victoria's Secret Fashion Shows (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) 2001 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2001) 2002 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2002) 2003 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2003) 2005 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2005) 2006 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2006) 2007 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2007) 2008 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2008) 2009 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2009) 2010 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2010) 2011 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2011) 2012 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2012) 2013 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2013) 2014 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2014) 2015 2016 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2017) 2018 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2018) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐4pxpp Cached time: 20240713200015 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.720 seconds Real time usage: 0.903 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 23891/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 149623/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 33610/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10671/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.190/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2857455/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 686.937 1 -total 54.98% 377.700 131 Template:Flagicon 13.84% 95.096 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event 13.24% 90.921 1 Template:Victoria's_Secret_Fashion_Shows 13.17% 90.455 1 Template:Infobox 12.90% 88.638 1 Template:Navbox 8.26% 56.743 1 Template:Cn 8.17% 56.148 131 Template:Flag_icon/core 7.25% 49.827 1 Template:Fix 5.46% 37.476 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46986881-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713200015 and revision id 1216005645. 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A velociraptor suit alongside a dinosaur "tamer" from Universal Studios Hollywood (/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood) 's "Raptor Encounter" attraction. Dinosaur suits are a type of costumed character (/wiki/Costumed_character) or creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) resembling a dinosaur (/wiki/Dinosaur) . Dinosaur suits are also called dinosaur costumes. Such costumes were used in film and television and as mascots for decades, reflecting dinosaurs' prominence in the arts (/wiki/The_arts) and entertainment (/wiki/Entertainment) . Usually operators use two cable-pulled handle to control the motions. Realistic dinosaur suits also gained popularity for live shows following the success of Walking with Dinosaurs − The Arena Spectacular (/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs_%E2%88%92_The_Arena_Spectacular) . An experienced performer can make lifelike movements with a dinosaur suit. They are also used in theme parks and in an educational context at various museums. Inflatable dinosaur suits have been used for pranks, gags, and protests (/wiki/Protest) . Film and television [ edit ] Dinosaur suits were first used in early monster movies (/wiki/Monster_movie) , such as Gorgo (/wiki/Gorgo_(film)) (1961), which featured a T-Rex (/wiki/Tyrannosaurus) like monster. [1] (#cite_note-1) They continued to be used in films such as Baby: Secret of the Lost Legend (/wiki/Baby:_Secret_of_the_Lost_Legend) (1985) which used animatronic (/wiki/Animatronics) brontosaurus (/wiki/Brontosaurus) suits with radio-controlled (/wiki/Radio_control) heads, [2] (#cite_note-2) and in television series like Dinosaurs (/wiki/Dinosaurs_(TV_series)) (1991), a sitcom with a family of dinosaurs. The film Jurassic Park (1993) used dinosaur suits for some of the creatures, such as Velociraptor (/wiki/Velociraptor) and Deinonychus (/wiki/Deinonychus) . In modern-day movies such as Jurassic World (/wiki/Jurassic_World) (2015), this was instead done using CGI (/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery) . In children's television (/wiki/Children%27s_television_series) , Barney, an anthropomorphic purple dinosaur, was used in the show Barney & Friends (/wiki/Barney_%26_Friends) alongside other dinosaurs, becoming widely known in pop culture. Live action [ edit ] Some sports teams have dinosaur mascots represented by costumes, such as Arsenal F.C. (/wiki/Arsenal_F.C.) , Toronto Raptors (/wiki/Toronto_Raptors) , Colorado Rockies (/wiki/Colorado_Rockies) , Calgary Dinos (/wiki/Calgary_Dinos) and NC Dinos (/wiki/NC_Dinos) . For Walking with Dinosaurs − The Arena Spectacular , puppet-suits of dinosaurs such as the baby T-Rex and Utahraptors (/wiki/Utahraptor) were created by Creature Technology Co. for use on stage alongside larger remote-controlled animatronics. [3] (#cite_note-Kennedy_2018-3) These suits had the performer's legs visible, to make the leg shape more realistic. Feathers were later added to them due to recent discoveries about dinosaur plumage. [3] (#cite_note-Kennedy_2018-3) Because of the show's ongoing popularity, these types of suits also became popular for live appearances, with and without the performer's visible legs, and including other types of suits such as two-person triceratops (/wiki/Triceratops) and stegosaurus (/wiki/Stegosaurus) costumes. As part of their Jurassic Park attractions, Universal Studios created several realistic dinosaur suits for their theme parks, including Velociraptors (/wiki/Velociraptor) and a life size adult Triceratops (/wiki/Triceratops) that was also used to advertise the movies. [4] (#cite_note-4) The dinosaur suits utilised in Universal studios appear to replicate the method used for the dinosaurs in the classic Jurassic Park films. They are capable of complex behaviours such as roaring, snapping, trying to eat the guests or even showing affection in ways such as rubbing their heads or noses on the guests. Dinosaur suits created by the company Erth are used to teach students about dinosaurs at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (/wiki/Natural_History_Museum_of_Los_Angeles_County) in the "Dinosaur Encounters" show, including a baby triceratops and baby T-Rex. [5] (#cite_note-5) The vocalizations of the suits are made by the performers themselves through a microphone and speaker. [6] (#cite_note-6) Other museums also began to use dinosaur suits as attractions, such as THEMUSEUM (/wiki/THEMUSEUM) in Ontario (/wiki/Ontario) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2015, costume manufacturer Rubie's Costume Company developed a line of inflatable (/wiki/Inflatable_costume) dinosaur costumes as a merchandise tie-in (/wiki/Tie-in) to Jurassic World . Rubie's T. rex (/wiki/Tyrannosaurus) costume, with a comically large wobbling head, gained popularity in pranks, visual gags (/wiki/Visual_gag) , and as an internet meme (/wiki/Internet_meme) . A large group of people wearing dinosaur suits marched on Washington in 2017 to protest President Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) 's defunding of national service programs. [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) Gorilla suit (/wiki/Gorilla_suit) Bear suit (/wiki/Bear_suit) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Moore, Randy. "The Chronology". Dinosaurs by the Decades: A Chronology of the Dinosaur in Science and Popular Culture . Santa Barbara, California. p. 243. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0313393656 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 891383031 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891383031) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Berry, Mark F. (2005). The Dinosaur Filmography . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 26. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1476606749 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 919495873 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/919495873) . ^ a b Kennedy, Mark. "Updated dinosaurs stalk America in arena show" (http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20140804/entlife/140809590/) . Daily Herald . Retrieved 2018-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "New: Raptors Encounter at Universal" (https://www.nbclosangeles.com/entertainment/the-scene/New-Raptors-Encounter-at-Universal-318366681.html) . NBC Southern California . Retrieved 2018-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "T-Rex Attacks Children at LA Museum" (https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/T-Rex-Attacks-Children-at-LA-Museum.html) . NBC Southern California . Retrieved 2018-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Switek, Brian. "What It's Like Inside a Dinosaur" (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-its-like-inside-a-dinosaur-94683096/) . Smithsonian . Retrieved 2018-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Desmond, Paige (2015-01-30). "Kitchener museum hiring part-time dinosaur" (https://www.therecord.com/news-story/5295291-kitchener-museum-hiring-part-time-dinosaur/) . TheRecord.com . Retrieved 2018-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "These dinosaurs may have pulled off the most hilarious protest of President Trump yet" (http://www.upworthy.com/these-dinosaurs-may-have-pulled-off-the-most-hilarious-protest-of-president-trump-yet) . Upworthy . Retrieved 2018-01-01 . 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Yvonne Deslandres Born 8 February 1923 [1] (#cite_note-Vassiliev-1) France Died 12 December 1986 ( 1986-12-13 ) (aged 63) [1] (#cite_note-Vassiliev-1) Nationality French Yvonne Deslandres (1923–1986) was a French writer, curator, archivist, and art historian. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) She specialized in costume and adornment. [1] (#cite_note-Vassiliev-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) She studied at École Nationale des Chartes (/wiki/%C3%89cole_Nationale_des_Chartes) . She worked for François Boucher (/wiki/Francois_Boucher_(art_historian)) as his assistant at the Carnavalet Museum (/wiki/Carnavalet_Museum) , and later for his Union Française des Arts du Costume (/w/index.php?title=Union_Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Arts_du_Costume&action=edit&redlink=1) (UFAC), which she took over after his death in 1966. She became curator for the Musée de la mode et du textile (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_mode_et_du_textile) from 1983 after the UFAC merged with it. Works [ edit ] 20,000 Years of Fashion (/wiki/20,000_Years_of_Fashion) : The History of Costume and Personal Adornment, together with Francois Boucher, 1963-1966, and updated in 1987 Le Costume, image de l'homme , 1976 l'Histoire de la Mode au XXe Siecle , 1986 Poiret: Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) 1879-1944 , 1987 References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Individual: Yvonne DESLANDRES (French, 1923-1986)" (https://ns3103723.ip-145-239-9.eu/pawtucket/index.php/Detail/entities/238) . ns3103723.ip-145-239-9.eu . Vassiliev Foundation . Retrieved 2021-07-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Yvonne Deslandres (1923-1986)" (https://data.bnf.fr/en/11899849/yvonne_deslandres/) . Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) . Retrieved 2021-07-23 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Yvonne Deslandres (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yvonne_Deslandres) at Wikimedia Commons catalogue (http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) .bnf (http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) .fr (http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) /ark: (http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) /12148 (http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) /cb118998498 (http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000120326495) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/109231944) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJh4yxyWQKTGrqCcwfJRrq) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118998498) Catalonia (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516682606706) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1056447664) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007272722205171) Belgium (https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14357332) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87828071) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=utb2011647288&CON_LNG=ENG) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071215476) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810649708905606) Portugal (http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/485617) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/026827581) This article about a French writer of non-fiction is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7d9476d47‐5ztl5 Cached time: 20240704085619 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.027 seconds Real time usage: 0.036 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 13/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 688/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.015/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 630249/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 29.913 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 29.913 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66443118-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704085619 and revision id 1001615650. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. Fashion magazines (/wiki/Category:Fashion_magazines) (6 C, 35 P) F Films about fashion (/wiki/Category:Films_about_fashion) (12 C, 47 P) I Works about the fashion industry (/wiki/Category:Works_about_the_fashion_industry) (3 C, 2 P) Pages in category "Works about fashion" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . D Dressed to Rule (/wiki/Dressed_to_Rule) N Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit (/wiki/Nothing_Suits_Me_Like_a_Suit) W Worn Stories (/wiki/Worn_Stories) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Works_about_fashion&oldid=1001615650 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Works_about_fashion&oldid=1001615650) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Works by topic (/wiki/Category:Works_by_topic)
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Belgian clothing manufacturer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bivolino) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Bivolino) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bivolino) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 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( November 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Bivolino.com Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Online eCommerce (/w/index.php?title=Online_eCommerce&action=edit&redlink=1) Founded Hasselt (/wiki/Hasselt) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) (April 4, 1954 ( 1954-04-04 ) ) Founder Louis Byvoet Jacques Byvoet Headquarters Hasselt (/wiki/Hasselt) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) Key people Michel Byvoet (CEO) Carine Moitier (COO) Products Shirts (/wiki/Shirts) Made to Measure (/w/index.php?title=Made_to_Measure&action=edit&redlink=1) Bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) Custom Made (/wiki/Custom_Made) Website bivolino (http://bivolino.com) .com (http://bivolino.com) Bivolino , founded in 1954, is a Belgian clothing manufacturer, specialized in customized shirts (/wiki/Dress_shirt) . Bivolino.com was founded by the brothers Louis and Jacques Byvoet. On 13 October 1987 the company was passed over to Michel Byvoet. History [ edit ] Brothers Louis and Jacques Byvoet founded the company in 1954 with a joint investment of 8 million Belgian franks. [1] (http://bijvoet.org/content) . Their grandfather, Jacques Byvoet, had been in the linen trade since 1900 and the name Bivolino was chosen to represent both the family name of Byvoet and linen (/wiki/Linen) . They based the company in Hasselt (/wiki/Hasselt) – Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) . Under the direction of the Byvoet brothers, the company, a small plant with 80 employees, produced 350.000 shirts a year. At this point, export to the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Germany and Switzerland represented 35% of the business. In 1969, Bivolino introduced a new ergonomic measurement system, allowing each shirt to be individually fitted to the body. This system was the first of its kind in Europe, and was created in partnership with IBM. In 1981, Bivolino became the first shirt label to take steps towards computerised production, which automatically produces the pattern making gradations. By now, and using this technology, Bivolino was producing 900.000 shirts a year and employing 270 people. On 13 October 1987 a fire ruined the Bivolino plant in Hasselt. Over the next year, sales decreased by 80%. As the company struggled to recover, production was moved to Tunisia and Romania. During this time, the Byvoet brothers decided to pass on the family business to Louis’ son, Michel Byvoet. [2] (https://web.archive.org/web/20110128194702/http://www.byvoet.com/) The growth of the internet opened up new possibilities for Bivolino and the brand established a new digital studio at the Limburg Science Park. In 1997 the first shirt was sold via their online shop, Bivolino.com. In 2000, after two years of anthropometric research, Bivolino launched their biometric sizing technology (Patent nr EEC-EP1341427 & US-7346421) http://www.google.ch/patents/WO2002035952A3?cl=en (http://www.google.ch/patents/WO2002035952A3?cl=en) , which could calculate the cut and size for every Bivolino customer, without using a measurement tape. In 2010, Bivolino launched its latest piece of technology, a 3D shirt design platform. See www.BivolinoServices.com .The tool was developed under the Open Garments research project, and was supported by European Commission (/wiki/European_Commission) research funds. [ citation needed ] . [1] (#cite_note-1) [3] (http://www.open-garments.eu) . In 2016 a bridge between Art and Bespoke Fashion was made whereas visual artists upload designs to be printed on shirts. [4] (http://www.iart.clothing) New patent BE1024802-filed 2019 by inventor Michel Byvoet "System Integration for Design & production of online Clothing". Bivolino is mostly using fabrics from reliable italian weavers: Monti, Albini, Canclini, Thomas Mason, David & John Anderson......Bivolino's manufacturing standards matches the Luxury Italian make. A strong partnership with Tunesian Tailoring Manufacturing companies guarantees a perfect fit and outstanding quality. Bivolino collaborates with 50 italian influencers. December 2021:Bivolino.com launches first-ever transport carbon footprint calculator for his bespoke shirts. Customized shirts as the ultimate sustainable alternative to fast-fashion! Made-to-measure and bespoke feels like a refreshing dive into a more innovative, caring and sustainable future for fashion. Made to measure shirts produced on demand and delivered by sea and road generate a very reasonable 1.6 kg/CO² emission per shirt, three times lower than mass produced shirts. This study has been conducted by Ecolife.be. https://www.ecolife.be (https://www.ecolife.be) Off-the-rack shirts produced in far-east, transported by sea and sold through webshops or stores has a respectively 2.7 kg CO² and 4.2 kg CO² footprint, considering an average of 25% returns. ‘Flying-in’ shirts from far-east has an even more negative impact on the environment with a transport carbon footprint of 6.8 kg CO². As a single tree can absorb CO² at a rate of 20 kg/year, we need to plant one tree to offset carbon emissions (/wiki/Carbon_offset) for each dozen made to measure shirt and for each four mass produced shirts. https://www.bivolino.com/en/blog-sustainability (https://www.bivolino.com/en/blog-sustainability) Michel Byvoet kids are trilled to keep up going - family business since 1833, symbolised by the squirrel! Visual Identity (logo) [ edit ] The Bivolino logo used between 1963 and 2005. The current Bivolino logo, developed in 2005. The sixties & seventies-logo Awards [ edit ] In 2004, Bivolino was given the Starter Award from the Dutch home shopping association, Thuiswinkel.org. In 2006, the company was awarded the BeCommerce Award by the Belgian home shopping association, BeCommerce. [5] (http://www.becommerce.be) Leadership [ edit ] 1946-1953: Widow Alphonse Byvoet 1954 - 1987: Louis & Jacques Byvoet 1987 - now: Michel Byvoet External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.bivolino.com/) http://www.open-garments.eu/ (http://www.open-garments.eu/) https://bijvoet.org/content/ (http://bijvoet.org/content/) Funny graphic tees (https://mazezy.com/) https://web.archive.org/web/20110128194702/http://www.byvoet.com/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20110128194702/http://www.byvoet.com/) http://www.iart.clothing/ (http://www.iart.clothing/) https://www.bivolinoservices.com/ (http://www.bivolinoservices.com/) https://www.ecolife.be (https://www.ecolife.be) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "EU R&D" (https://reopen.europa.eu) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200615100718/https://reopen.europa.eu/) from the original on 2020-06-15. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐84d7b9664b‐q8qql Cached time: 20240704024609 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74911612-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704024609 and revision id 1177123811. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Cosmetics law" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Cosmetics Directive (/wiki/Cosmetics_Directive) Cosmetics policy (/wiki/Cosmetics_policy) D Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (/wiki/Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Act,_1940) Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 (/wiki/Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Rules,_1945) E EC Regulation 1223/2009 on cosmetics (/wiki/EC_Regulation_1223/2009_on_cosmetics) F Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 (/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act_of_1938) Food and Drugs Act (/wiki/Food_and_Drugs_Act) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_law&oldid=1177123811 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_law&oldid=1177123811) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cosmetics (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics) Regulation of chemicals (/wiki/Category:Regulation_of_chemicals)
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Serbian model Not to be confused with Aleksandra Melnichenko (/wiki/Aleksandra_Melnichenko) . This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Aleksandra_Nikoli%C4%87) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Aleksandra_Nikoli%C4%87) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . 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( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Aleksandra Nikolić Nationality Serbian (/wiki/Serbia) Occupation Fashion model Website www (https://www.instagram.com/p/BBnoU3dMxn-/) .instagram (https://www.instagram.com/p/BBnoU3dMxn-/) .com (https://www.instagram.com/p/BBnoU3dMxn-/) /p (https://www.instagram.com/p/BBnoU3dMxn-/) /BBnoU3dMxn- (https://www.instagram.com/p/BBnoU3dMxn-/) / (https://www.instagram.com/p/BBnoU3dMxn-/) Aleksandra Nikolić ( Serbian Cyrillic (/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet) : Александра Николић ; born 1990) is a Serbian fashion model and local celebrity. [1] (#cite_note-1) She is known for appearing in a Pitbull (/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)) music video [2] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) and being profiled in a 2017 issue of GQ (/wiki/GQ) magazine [5] (#cite_note-5) [2] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-2) Nikolić started out modeling in Serbia (/wiki/Serbia) in 2010, appearing in TV commercials and a music video for local pop singer Arindy. [6] (#cite_note-6) She also modeled for various Serbian (/wiki/Serbia) fashion magazines like " Harpers Bazaar (/wiki/Harpers_Bazaar) ", " Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) ", "Joy Serbia", and "Svet & Style". [7] (#cite_note-bellazon1-7) Additionally, she appeared on the cover of Spanish (/wiki/Spain) " Harpers Bazaar (/wiki/Harpers_Bazaar) " and in the French (/wiki/France) magazines "Femme" and "Noon". [8] (#cite_note-wannabemagazine1-8) She was also photographed in a spread for " The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) " in 2014. She has been seen in ad campaigns for "Jacobs by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) " and Swedish brand "Chiquelle". [7] (#cite_note-bellazon1-7) In 2016, she did a runway show in Miami (/wiki/Miami) for the Serbian label "Hamel", designed by Melina Džinović (/wiki/Melina_D%C5%BEinovi%C4%87) . Nikolić also modeled in Japan for six months. [8] (#cite_note-wannabemagazine1-8) Nikolić was born and raised in Belgrade (/wiki/Belgrade) , Serbia. [8] (#cite_note-wannabemagazine1-8) She has lived in Miami (/wiki/Miami) since 2013, where she is represented by Elite Models (/wiki/Elite_Models) .She now works for a company in Germany which produces gardening tools. [2] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-2) [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) J.M. "Srpkinje spadaju u najlepĹĄe Ĺžene sveta: I kome je teĹĄko da to prizna, moraće ZBOG NJIH - Zena.rs" (https://zena.blic.rs/lepota/srpkinje-spadaju-u-najlepse-zene-sveta-i-kome-je-tesko-da-to-prizna-morace-zbog-njih/xdryrhh) . Zena.blic.rs . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "O NAŠOJ SEKSI MANEKENKI PIŠU SVETSKI MEDIJI Zavela je Lea Dikaprija, a sad je optužuju da je premršava" (https://www.blic.rs/zabava/vesti/o-nasoj-seksi-manekenki-pisu-svetski-mediji-zavela-je-lea-dikaprija-a-sad-je-optuzuju/rm9y2ft) . Blic.rs. 2017-02-15 . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Petar Živković (2014-04-25). "Srpkinja u Pitbullovom spotu! – Tračara" (http://tracara.com/srpkinja-u-pitbullovom-spotu/) . Tracara.com . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Fijat 500L "zvezda" Pitbull-ovog spota | Mojauto" (https://vesti.mojauto.rs/Aktuelne-vesti/382469/Fijat-500L-zvezda-Pitbullovog-spota) . Vesti.mojauto.rs . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Liza Corsillo (2017-02-03). "Serbian Instagram Model Aleksandra Nikolic's Feed Is on Fire" (https://www.gq.com/story/model-aleksandra-nikolics-instagram-bikini-photos) . GQ . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rade Davidović Arindy: Moda i muzika" (https://glossy.espreso.rs/poznati/vesti/17913/rade-davidovic-arindy-moda-i-muzika) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Aleksandra Nikolic - Female Fashion Models" (https://www.bellazon.com/main/topic/50623-aleksandra-nikolic/) . Bellazon . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Wannabe Magazine (12 January 2012). "Wannabe intervju: Aleksandra Nikolić — Wannabe Magazine" (https://wannabemagazine.com/wannabe-intervju-aleksandra-nikolic/) . Wannabemagazine.com . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Nezavisne novine (3 May 2016). "Aleksandra Nikolić, Beograđanka koja je odbila slavnog Di Kaprija" (https://www.nezavisne.com/magazin/jet-set/Aleksandra-Nikolic-Beogradjanka-koja-je-odbila-slavnog-Di-Kaprija/367913) . Nezavisne.com . Retrieved 2018-05-21 . External links [ edit ] http://demons-books.netwalkapp.com/model/8/aleksandra-nikolic (http://demons-books.netwalkapp.com/model/8/aleksandra-nikolic) https://web.archive.org/web/20180521072458/http://www.elitemodel.com/miami/women/alexandra-nikolic/portfolio/#slideid_42_201172_297152 (https://web.archive.org/web/20180521072458/http://www.elitemodel.com/miami/women/alexandra-nikolic/portfolio/#slideid_42_201172_297152) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐59d4f5b5d9‐6ps6z Cached time: 20240710154938 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.573 seconds Real time usage: 0.806 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2306/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 77159/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 16099/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43882/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.394/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21076484/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 771.212 1 -total 26.78% 206.502 1 Template:Infobox_person 24.83% 191.482 4 Template:Ambox 20.95% 161.543 1 Template:Reflist 18.82% 145.159 1 Template:Lang-sr-cyr 17.78% 137.087 9 Template:Cite_web 17.54% 135.234 1 Template:Multiple_issues 11.04% 85.166 1 Template:Short_description 10.78% 83.133 19 Template:Main_other 9.27% 71.458 1 Template:Notability Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57476170-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710154938 and revision id 1125014150. 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Former brand of high street shoe shops operating in the UK and Ireland W Barratt & Co Ltd Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) Barratts Shoes, Priceless Shoes, Dolcis, Stylo Matchmakers Company type Private Industry Retail Predecessor W Barratt Boot and Shoe Company (1903–1964) Stylo plc (1964–2009) Barratts Priceless (2009–2012) Founder William Barratt (/wiki/William_Barratt_(manufacturer)) Headquarters Apperley Bridge (/wiki/Apperley_Bridge) , Bradford (/wiki/Bradford) , West Yorkshire (/wiki/West_Yorkshire) , United Kingdom Products Shoes Website barrattsshoes.co.uk (http://www.barrattsshoes.co.uk) Barratts was a brand of high street shoe shops operating in the UK and Ireland. The Barratts shoes (/wiki/Shoes) brand traded from 100 UK and Ireland stores. The company was established in Northampton (/wiki/Northampton) in 1903, and became a highly successful brand known for its lavishly produced boot catalogues during the 1920s. In 1964, it was bought by the company Stylo and, under the Barratts brand name, expanded to over 400 stores at its height, before foreign competition in the 1990s reduced its market share. Barratts entered administration for the third time in five years on 11 November 2013. History [ edit ] The Barratt Boot and Shoe factory in Kingsthorpe Road, Northampton. A 1911 piece of neo-baroque architecture designed by John Macvicar Anderson (/wiki/John_Macvicar_Anderson) Barratts shoe warehouse in Harrogate Road, Apperley Bridge, Bradford (now a housing estate) A Barratts shop, (Branch number 123), Managed by Timothy Perry, who ran the Liverpool store between, approx. 1996 and 1999 (branch 249, opened in June 1994 by Derrol Shaw (previously managed branch 50 Chester Barratts) and Darren Carter, et al. between, approx, 1994 and 1996, Commercial Street (/wiki/Commercial_Street,_Leeds) in Leeds (/wiki/Leeds) W Barratt Boot and Shoe Company was established in 1903 by William Barratt (/wiki/William_Barratt_(manufacturer)) , and soon became one of the leading shoe manufacturers in Northampton. In 1913 it moved into a neo-Baroque (/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture) factory designed by John Macvicar Anderson (/wiki/John_Macvicar_Anderson) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The Barratts brand entered a new era of prosperity in the 1920s with the publication of luxurious promotional catalogues, including specially commissioned artwork and decorative pages. The 1923 catalogue featured an endorsement by the famed couturier Lady Duff Gordon (/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon) , who also contributed an illustrated introduction to the women's section of this edition. [2] (#cite_note-2) The firm continued to flourish into the mid-20th century under the advertising slogan "Walk the Barratt Way". Stylo was a family-run business which originated in 1935, with the consolidation of three separate companies the company was floated on the London Stock Exchange (/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange) under the trade name Stylo Boot Company (Northern) Ltd . Having grown to 150 outlets, in 1964 Stylo bought W Barratt and Company, and merged the two businesses in Bradford. Developing under the better known Barratts brand, the company developed to over 400 retail outlets. In the 1996 Barratts purchased Bacons Shoes, ran. The Bacon family in the West Midlands. Bacon's shoes brand was phased out by the Managing Director, Ron Arthur Stark, from 1997 and converted the Bacons stores to Priceless. The first Priceless store conversion was in Sunderland, from a Hush Puppies store and was an instant success, selling self service shoes. The Shoe and Sport Depot brand, ran by Peter Peregrine Lee were converted to Priceless brand, originally created by Ron Arthur Stark. The Priceless brand was fully operational by 1999. Based in Apperley Bridge (/wiki/Apperley_Bridge) , Bradford, West Yorkshire, the new company operated over 300 UK and Ireland concessions across the Arcadia Group (/wiki/Arcadia_Group) , including within Dorothy Perkins (/wiki/Dorothy_Perkins) , as well as supporting the Group's online activity. Barratts also had an online presence with the retailer Wallis (/wiki/Wallis_(retailer)) . On 13 February 2008, Stylo purchased 24 stores from collapsed shoe retailer Dolcis (/wiki/Dolcis) as well as the Dolcis brand name. The shops were rebranded as Barratts. [3] (#cite_note-3) Difficulties [ edit ] Following a trading loss of £12.5 million in 2008, on 26 January 2009, Stylo's shares were suspended. [4] (#cite_note-4) Barratts and PriceLess soon went into administration [5] (#cite_note-5) and on 13 February 2009, Stylo itself went into administration. [6] (#cite_note-6) On 19 February 2009, administrators Deloitte (/wiki/Deloitte_Touche_Tohmatsu) announced that 220 Barratt and PriceLess stores would be closing, with the loss of approximately 2,500 jobs. [7] (#cite_note-BBC7899640-7) The remaining 160 stores and 165 concessions, plus the Barratts and Priceless brands, were sold to a management team led by Michael Ziff, under Barratts Priceless Ltd (BPL). [7] (#cite_note-BBC7899640-7) In December 2011, BPL called in administrators Deloitte, who immediately closed 100 stores and 359 concessions, resulting in 2,500 job losses. [8] (#cite_note-8) In January 2012, a management team led by CEO Ziff bought 89 Barratts and Priceless stores through a new company, Barratts Trading Ltd. This sold through both its own stores and e-commerce website, plus online retailers Amazon.com (/wiki/Amazon.com) , Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) and eBay (/wiki/EBay) . [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2013, just before administration, Barratts closed its Jersey store, which was later occupied by Paperchase (/wiki/Paperchase) . In October 2013, it was reported that the business was suffering a cash flow crisis as it struggled to purchase new stock in the run-up to Christmas. [10] (#cite_note-10) On 11 November 2013, it was confirmed the company had entered administration, with 18 immediate store closures. [11] (#cite_note-BBC24899808-11) The retailer Pavers Shoes (/wiki/Pavers_Shoes) purchased 14 Barratts stores in December 2013. [12] (#cite_note-12) In January 2014, the Barratts brand and website were purchased by the footwear entrepreneur Harvey Jacobsen and the former buying and merchandising director of Barratts, Simon Robson. [13] (#cite_note-13) Stylo Matchmakers [ edit ] In 1966 the Stylo Matchmakers sports brand was first founded by Barratts Shoes in Bradford, United Kingdom, in the West Yorkshire area. History. Barratts Shoes shareholder and entrepreneur Paul Ziff, [14] (#cite_note-14) younger brother of Arnold Ziff (/wiki/Arnold_Ziff) created the Stylo Matchmakers brand with the help of IMG (/wiki/IMG_(company)) founder Mark McCormack (/wiki/Mark_McCormack) . With a wider span throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, the Stylo Matchmakers brand was more commonly worn in football (/wiki/Association_football) , including by Pelé (/wiki/Pel%C3%A9) , [15] (#cite_note-15) and Northern Irish striker George Best (/wiki/George_Best) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In May 2017 the Stylo Matchmakers brand was registered globally and returned by British entrepreneur and sports agent (/wiki/Sports_agent) Scott Michaels. [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Barratt Shoe Factory, Northampton, Northamptonshire" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131111132307/http://www.heritage-explorer.co.uk/web/he/searchdetail.aspx?id=2735) . Heritage Explorer . English Heritage (/wiki/English_Heritage) . June 2000. Ref. BB001829. Archived from the original (http://www.heritage-explorer.co.uk/web/he/searchdetail.aspx?id=2735) on 11 November 2013 . Retrieved 5 September 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lady Duff Gordon, "The Art of Dressing Well," Barratts Boots by Post , pp. 75–77 (Northampton: Footshape Works, 1923) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Dolcis Sale to Stylo Barratt (http://www.kpmg.co.uk/news/detail.cfm?pr=3040) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120207062523/http://www.kpmg.co.uk/news/detail.cfm?pr=3040) 7 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Shoe retailer Stylo's shares suspended – Telegraph (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/4345143/Shoe-retailer-Stylos-shares-suspended.html) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Footwear chains in administration – BBC (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7851331.stm) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Barratts Shoes collapse puts 5,450 jobs at risk – Times (http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article5723719.ece) ^ a b Shoe shop chain cuts 2,500 jobs – BBC (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7899640.stm?lss) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Wood, Zoe (30 December 2011). "Shoe shop chain Barratts Priceless makes 1,600 staff redundant" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/dec/30/barratts-priceless-jobs-redundant-hawkins) . The Guardian . Retrieved 24 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Barratts deal to save 1,100 jobs" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-16569033) . BBC News . 15 January 2012 . Retrieved 15 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Lawson, Alex (28 October 2013). "Barratts battles for survival amid cash flow crisis" (https://www.retail-week.com/home/barratts-battles-for-survival-amid-cash-flow-crisis/5054327.article) . Retail Week . Retrieved 27 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBC24899808_11-0) "Barratts goes into administration" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24899808) . BBC News . 11 November 2013 . Retrieved 11 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Pavels deal saves 150 jobs" (https://archive.today/20140205205435/http://www.insidermedia.com/insider/yorkshire/105424-pavers-deal-saves-150-jobs) . Insider News Yorkshire . 23 December 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.insidermedia.com/insider/yorkshire/105424-pavers-deal-saves-150-jobs) on 5 February 2014 . Retrieved 5 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Casey, David (6 January 2014). "Barratts brand sold but creditors braced for £14m hit" (http://www.insidermedia.com/insider/yorkshire/105528-barratts-brand-sold-creditors-braced-14m-hit) . Insider News Yorkshire . Retrieved 5 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Obituary: Paul Ziff, businessman" (https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/people/obituary-paul-ziff-businessman-2886831) . 20 June 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Paul Ziff obituary" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/paul-ziff-obituary-qbkll8r5f) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "George Best Stylo Matchmaker Boots, 1960s – National Football Museum" (https://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/collections_detail/george-best-stylo-matchmaker-boots-1960s/) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Football Agent with Keys to Club Owners" (https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/entrepreneurs/football-agent-with-keys-to-club-owners/367104) . 15 March 2021. v t e City of Bradford (/wiki/City_of_Bradford) Towns, (/wiki/Category:Areas_of_Bradford) villages, (/wiki/Category:Areas_of_Bradford) areas (/wiki/Category:Areas_of_Bradford) and wards (/wiki/Category:Wards_of_Bradford) Addingham (/wiki/Addingham) Allerton (/wiki/Allerton,_West_Yorkshire) Apperley Bridge (/wiki/Apperley_Bridge) Baildon 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(Redirected from Shoe tread (/w/index.php?title=Shoe_tread&redirect=no) ) Footwear This article is about footwear. For other uses, see Shoe (disambiguation) (/wiki/Shoe_(disambiguation)) . "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . A variety of shoes displayed at the Nordic Museum (/wiki/Nordic_Museum) , including models from 1700 to the 1960s. A shoe is an item of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) intended to protect and comfort the human foot (/wiki/Foot) . Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is vulnerable, and shoes provide protection. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) , which are required footwear at industrial worksites. Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs, such as high heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) , which are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemporary footwear varies vastly in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals (/wiki/Sandal) may consist of only a thin sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers (/wiki/Fashion_design) may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots (/wiki/Boot) designed specifically for mountaineering (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) or skiing (/wiki/Ski_boot) , while others have more generalized usage such as sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) which have transformed from a special purpose sport shoe into a general use shoe. Traditionally, shoes have been made from leather (/wiki/Leather) , wood (/wiki/Wood) or canvas (/wiki/Canvas) , but are increasingly being made from rubber (/wiki/Synthetic_rubber) , plastics (/wiki/Plastic) , and other petrochemical (/wiki/Petrochemical) -derived materials. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Globally, the shoe industry is a $200 billion a year industry. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) 90% of shoes end up in landfills, because the materials are hard to separate, recycle or otherwise reuse. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) History Antiquity The oldest known leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , about 5500 years old, found in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) Esparto (/wiki/Esparto) sandals from the 6th (/wiki/6th_millennium_BC) or 5th millennium BC (/wiki/5th_millennium_BC) found in Spain (/wiki/Spain) Roman shoes: a man's, [2] (#cite_note-2) a woman's [3] (#cite_note-3) and a child's [4] (#cite_note-4) shoe from Bar Hill Roman Fort (/wiki/Bar_Hill_Fort) , Scotland. Earliest evidence The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals (/wiki/Sandal) dating (/wiki/Carbon_dating) from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave (/wiki/Fort_Rock_Cave) in the US (/wiki/United_States) state of Oregon (/wiki/Oregon) in 1938. [5] (#cite_note-Connolly_Tom-5) The world's oldest leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni-1 cave complex (/wiki/Areni-1_cave_complex) in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) [7] (#cite_note-Petraglia_Michael-7) Ötzi the Iceman (/wiki/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman) 's shoes, dating to 3300 BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) The Jotunheimen shoe (/wiki/Jotunheimen_shoe) was discovered in August 2006: archaeologists estimate that this leather shoe was made between 1800 and 1100 BC, [8] (#cite_note-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia. Sandals and other plant fiber based tools were found in Cueva de los Murciélagos (/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Murci%C3%A9lagos) in Albuñol (/wiki/Albu%C3%B1ol) in southern Spain in 2023, dating to approximately 7500 to 4200 BC, making them what are believed to be the oldest shoes found in Europe. [10] (#cite_note-Science_Advances-10) It is thought that shoes may have been used long before this, but because the materials used were highly perishable, it is difficult to find evidence of the earliest footwear. [11] (#cite_note-Johnson_Olivia-11) Footprints (/wiki/Footprints) suggestive of shoes or sandals due to having crisp edges, no signs of toes found and three small divots where leather tying laces/straps would have been attached have been at Garden Route National Park (/wiki/Garden_Route_National_Park) , Addo Elephant National Park (/wiki/Addo_Elephant_National_Park) and Goukamma Nature Reserve (/wiki/Goukamma_Marine_Protected_Area) in South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) . [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) These date back to between 73,000 and 136,000 PB. Consistent with the existence of such shoe is the finding of bone awls (/wiki/Bone_tool) dating back to this period that could have made simple footwear. [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) Another source of evidence is the study of the bones of the smaller toes (as opposed to the big toe), it was observed that their thickness decreased approximately 40,000 to 26,000 years ago. This led archaeologists (/wiki/Archaeologist) to deduce the existence of common rather than an occasional wearing of shoes as this would lead to less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes. [13] (#cite_note-Trinkaus_Erik-13) These earliest designs were very simple, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. Americas Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) . These are tight-fitting, soft-soled shoes typically made out of leather or bison (/wiki/Bison) hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. Moccasins were not designed to be waterproof, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most Native Americans (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) went barefoot (/wiki/Barefoot) . [14] (#cite_note-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal-14) The leaves of the sisal (/wiki/Sisal) plant were used to make twine (/wiki/Twine) for sandals in South America while the natives of Mexico used the Yucca (/wiki/Yucca) plant. [15] (#cite_note-Curtin_Cameron-15) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Africa and Middle East As civilizations began to develop, thong sandals (precursors to the modern flip-flop (/wiki/Flip-flops) ) were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) murals from 4000 BC. "Thebet" may have been the term used to describe these sandals in Egyptian times, possibly from the city Thebes (/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt) . The Middle Kingdom (/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt) is when the first of these thebets were found, but it is possible that it debuted in the Early Dynastic Period (/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) One pair found in Europe was made of papyrus (/wiki/Papyrus) leaves and dated (/wiki/Carbon_dating) to be approximately 1,500 years old. They were also worn in Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) during the first century of the Christian era. [18] (#cite_note-Kendzior_Russell-18) Thong sandals were worn by many civilizations and made from a vast variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. The Masai (/wiki/Maasai_people) of Africa made them out of rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(textile)) . In India they were made from wood. While thong sandals were commonly worn, many people in ancient times, such as the Egyptians (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) , Hindus (/wiki/Hindus) and Greeks (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) , saw little need for footwear, and most of the time, preferred being barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a "Cleopatra", [ citation needed ] which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. Asia and Europe The ancient Greeks largely viewed footwear as self-indulgent, unaesthetic and unnecessary. Shoes were primarily worn in the theater, as a means of increasing stature, and many preferred to go barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games (/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games) participated barefoot—and naked. [20] (#cite_note-ancient_olympics-20) Even the gods (/wiki/Twelve_Olympians) and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, as well as the hoplite (/wiki/Hoplite) warriors. They fought battles in bare feet and Alexander the Great (/wiki/Alexander_the_Great) conquered his vast empire with barefoot armies. The runners of Ancient Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) had also been believed to have run barefoot. [21] (#cite_note-Krentz_Peter-21) Footwear of Roman soldiers (reconstruction) The Romans (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) , who eventually conquered the Greeks and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing. Roman clothing (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world, although the slaves and paupers usually went barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Roman soldiers were issued with chiral (/wiki/Chiral) (left and right shoe different) footwear. [22] (#cite_note-22) Shoes for soldiers had riveted insoles to extend the life of the leather, increase comfort, and provide better traction. The design of these shoes also designated the rank of the officers. The more intricate the insignia and the higher up the boot went on the leg, the higher the rank of the soldier. [23] (#cite_note-23) There are references to shoes being worn in the Bible (/wiki/Bible) . [24] (#cite_note-24) In China and Japan, rice straws were used. [ citation needed ] Starting around 4 BC, the Greeks began wearing symbolic footwear. These were heavily decorated to clearly indicate the status of the wearer. Courtesans wore leather shoes colored with white, green, lemon or yellow dyes, and young woman betrothed or newly married wore pure white shoes. Because of the cost to lighten leather, shoes of a paler shade were a symbol of wealth in the upper class. Often, the soles would be carved with a message so it would imprint on the ground. Cobblers became a notable profession around this time, with Greek shoemakers becoming famed in the Roman empire. [25] (#cite_note-25) Middle Ages and early modern period Asia and Europe A common casual shoe in the Pyrenees (/wiki/Pyrenees) during the Middle Ages was the espadrille (/wiki/Espadrille) . This is a sandal with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is French (/wiki/French_language) and comes from the esparto (/wiki/Esparto) grass. The shoe originated in the Catalonian (/wiki/Catalonia) region of Spain (/wiki/Spain) as early as the 13th century, and was commonly worn by peasants (/wiki/Peasant) in the farming communities in the area. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) New styles began to develop during the Song dynasty in China, one of them being the debut of foot straps. It was first used by the noble Han classes, but soon developed throughout society. Women would use these shoes to develop their "lotus feet", which would entice the males. The practice allegedly started during the Shang dynasty, but it grew popular by c. AD 960 . [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) When the Mongols (/wiki/Mongols) conquered China, they dissolved the practice in 1279, and the Manchus banned foot binding in 1644. The Han people, however, continued to use the style without much government intervention. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Dutch pattens, c. 1465 . Excavated from the archeological site of Walraversijde (/wiki/Walraversijde) , near Ostend (/wiki/Ostend) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) In medieval times shoes could be up to two feet long, with their toes sometimes filled with hair, wool, moss, or grass. [27] (#cite_note-27) Many medieval shoes were made using the turnshoe (/wiki/Turnshoe) method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam. [28] (#cite_note-28) The shoe was then turned inside-out so that the grain was outside. Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings (/wiki/Drawstring) to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit. Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images. [29] (#cite_note-29) Around 1500, the turnshoe method was largely replaced by the welted rand method (where the uppers are sewn to a much stiffer sole and the shoe cannot be turned inside-out). [30] (#cite_note-Blair_John-30) The turn shoe method is still used for some dance (/wiki/Dance_shoe) and specialty shoes. By the 15th century, pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) became popular by both men and women in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high-heeled shoe (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) , [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) In the 15th century, the Crakow (/wiki/Crakow_(shoe)) was fashionable (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_fashion) in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) , the capital of Poland (/wiki/Poland) . The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the "polaine", which often was supported by a whalebone (/wiki/Baleen) tied to the knee to prevent the point getting in the way while walking. [32] (#cite_note-polaine-32) Also during the 15th century, chopines (/wiki/Chopine) were created in Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , and were usually 7–8 in (180–200 mm) high. These shoes became popular in Venice (/wiki/Venice) and throughout Europe, as a status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) revealing wealth and social standing. During the 16th century, royalty, such as Catherine de Medici (/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici) or Mary I of England (/wiki/Mary_I_of_England) , started wearing high-heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life. By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well-heeled". [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) In 17th century France, heels were exclusively worn by aristocrats. Louis XIV of France (/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France) outlawed anybody from wearing red high heels except for himself and his royal court. [33] (#cite_note-33) Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, welted rand shoes were commonly made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights". [34] (#cite_note-Yue_Charlotte-34) Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard. Industrial era Asia and Europe A shoemaker (/wiki/Shoemaker) in the Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) , from The Book of English Trades , 1821. Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) became more commercialized in the mid-18th century, as it expanded as a cottage industry (/wiki/Cottage_industry) . Large warehouses (/wiki/Warehouse) began to stock footwear, made by many small manufacturers from the area. Until the 19th century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century's end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of mass production (/wiki/Mass_production) , the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide. The 19th century was when Chinese feminists called for an end to the use of foot straps, and a ban in 1902 was implemented. The ban was soon repealed until it was banned again in 1911 by the new Nationalist government. It was effective in coastal cities, but countryside cities continued without much regulation. Mao Zedong enforced the rule in 1949 and it continues throughout contemporary times. A number of people still have lotus feet today. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Woman's shoe, China, possibly Shanxi or Ningbo style, late 19th to early 20th century The first steps towards mechanisation were taken during the Napoleonic Wars (/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars) by the engineer, Marc Brunel (/wiki/Marc_Brunel) . He developed machinery for the mass production of boots for the soldiers of the British Army (/wiki/British_Army) . In 1812, he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) With the support of the Duke of York (/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany) , the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for the use of the army. In the same year, the use of screws and staples was patented by Richard Woodman (/wiki/Richard_Woodman_(martyr)) . Brunel's system was described by Sir Richard Phillips (/wiki/Sir_Richard_Phillips) as a visitor to his factory in Battersea (/wiki/Battersea) as follows: By the late 19th century, the shoemaking industry had migrated to the factory and was increasingly mechanized. Pictured, the bottoming room of the B. F. Spinney & Co. factory in Lynn, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts) , 1872. In another building I was shown his manufactory of shoes, which, like the other, is full of ingenuity, and, in regard to subdivision of labour, brings this fabric on a level with the oft-admired manufactory of pins. Every step in it is affected by the most elegant and precise machinery; while, as each operation is performed by one hand, so each shoe passes through twenty-five hands, who complete from the hide, as supplied by the currier, a hundred pairs of strong and well-finished shoes per day. All the details are performed by the ingenious application of the mechanic powers; and all the parts are characterised by precision, uniformity, and accuracy. As each man performs but one step in the process, which implies no knowledge of what is done by those who go before or follow him, so the persons employed are not shoemakers, but wounded soldiers, who are able to learn their respective duties in a few hours. The contract at which these shoes are delivered to Government is 6s. 6d. per pair, being at least 2s. less than what was paid previously for an unequal and cobbled article. [36] (#cite_note-36) However, when the war ended in 1815, manual labour (/wiki/Manual_labour) became much cheaper, and the demand for military equipment subsided. As a consequence, Brunel's system was no longer profitable and it soon ceased business. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) Americas Similar exigencies at the time of the Crimean War (/wiki/Crimean_War) stimulated a renewed interest in methods of mechanization and mass-production, which proved longer lasting. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) A shoemaker in Leicester (/wiki/Leicester) , Tomas Crick, patented the design for a riveting machine in 1853. His machine used an iron plate to push iron rivets into the sole. The process greatly increased the speed and efficiency of production. He also introduced the use of steam-powered (/wiki/Steam-power) rolling-machines (/w/index.php?title=Rolling-machine&action=edit&redlink=1) for hardening leather and cutting-machines, in the mid-1850s. [37] (#cite_note-37) Advertisement in an 1896 issue of McClure's (/wiki/McClure%27s) for "The Regal". Attila, a former shoe factory from the 1910s in Tampere (/wiki/Tampere) , Finland (/wiki/Finland) The sewing machine was introduced in 1846, and provided an alternative method for the mechanization of shoemaking. By the late 1850s, the industry was beginning to shift towards the modern factory, mainly in the US and areas of England. A shoe-stitching machine was invented by the American Lyman Blake in 1856 and perfected by 1864. Entering into a partnership with McKay, his device became known as the McKay stitching machine and was quickly adopted by manufacturers throughout New England (/wiki/New_England) . [38] (#cite_note-38) As bottlenecks opened up in the production line due to these innovations, more and more of the manufacturing stages, such as pegging and finishing, became automated. By the 1890s, the process of mechanisation was largely complete. On January 24, 1899, Humphrey O'Sullivan of Lowell, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts) , was awarded a patent (/wiki/Patent) for a rubber heel for boots and shoes. [39] (#cite_note-39) Globalization A process for manufacturing stitchless, that is, glued, shoes— AGO (/wiki/AGO_system) —was developed in 1910. Since the mid-20th century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on. Many of these newer materials, such as rubber and plastics, have made shoes less biodegradable. It is estimated that most mass-produced shoes require 1000 years to degrade in a landfill (/wiki/Landfill) . [40] (#cite_note-Clark_Brian-40) In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials (/wiki/Cradle_to_Cradle_Design) , such as the Nike Considered. [41] (#cite_note-nike_considered-41) [42] (#cite_note-CSR-42) In 2007, the global shoe industry had an overall market of $ (/wiki/United_States_Dollar) 107.4 billion, in terms of revenue (/wiki/Revenue) , and is expected to grow to $122.9 billion by the end of 2012. Shoe manufacturers in the People's Republic of China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) account for 63% of production, 40.5% of global exports and 55% of industry revenue. However, many manufacturers in Europe (/wiki/Europe) dominate the higher-priced, higher value-added end of the market. [43] (#cite_note-PRWeb_ibisworld-43) Culture and folklore See also: Tradition of removing shoes in home (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_home) Haines Shoe House in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) Sports shoes in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Children's shoes at school in Ladakh (/wiki/Ladakh) As an integral part of human culture and civilization, shoes have found their way into our culture, folklore, and art. A popular 18th-century nursery rhyme (/wiki/Nursery_rhyme) is There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe (/wiki/There_was_an_Old_Woman_Who_Lived_in_a_Shoe) . This story tells about an old woman living in a shoe with a lot of children. In 1948, Mahlon Haines (/wiki/Mahlon_Haines) , a shoe salesman in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) , built an actual house shaped like a work boot (/wiki/Boot) as a form of advertisement. The Haines Shoe House (/wiki/Haines_Shoe_House) was rented to newlyweds and the elderly until his death in 1962. Since then, it has served as an ice cream (/wiki/Ice_cream) parlor, a bed and breakfast (/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast) , and a museum (/wiki/Museum) . It still stands today and is a popular roadside attraction. [44] (#cite_note-Lake_Matt-44) Shoes also play an important role in the fairy tales (/wiki/Fairy_tales) Cinderella (/wiki/Cinderella) and The Red Shoes (/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_(fairy_tale)) . In the movie (/wiki/Motion_picture) adaption of the children's book (/wiki/Children%27s_literature) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) , a pair of red ruby slippers play a key role in the plot. The 1985 comedy The Man with One Red Shoe (/wiki/The_Man_with_One_Red_Shoe) features an eccentric man wearing one normal business shoe and one red shoe that becomes central to the plot. One poem, written by Phebus Etienne with the title "Shoes", focuses on them. It describes religious messages and is 3 stanzas long. The first stanza is one line, whereas the second is 13 lines and the third being 14 lines. Throughout the poem the main character talks about their dead mother and their routine with her grave. Haitians are said to "not put shoes on the dead." as it makes spirits easier to "step over the offerings". [45] (#cite_note-45) Athletic sneaker collection has also existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades. [46] (#cite_note-Skidmore_Sarah-46) Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) . [47] (#cite_note-Czech-47) A Sneakerhead (/wiki/Sneakerhead) is a person who owns multiple pairs of shoes as a form of collection and fashion. A contributor to the growth of sneaker collecting is the continued global popularity of the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) line of sneakers designed by Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) for Basketball (/wiki/Basketball) star Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . In the Bible (/wiki/Bible) 's Old Testament (/wiki/Old_Testament) , the shoe is used to symbolize something that is worthless or of little value. In the New Testament (/wiki/New_Testament) , the act of removing one's shoes symbolizes servitude. Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples (/wiki/Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples) regarded the act of removing their shoes as a mark of reverence when approaching a sacred person or place. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In the Book of Exodus (/wiki/Book_of_Exodus) , Moses (/wiki/Moses) was instructed to remove his shoes before approaching the burning bush: Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest [is] holy ground. [49] (#cite_note-49) Salt Crystal Shoes, art installation at the Dead Sea (/wiki/Dead_Sea) by Israeli (/wiki/Israel) artist Sigalit Landau (/wiki/Sigalit_Landau) The removal of the shoe also symbolizes the act of giving up a legal right. In Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) custom, if a man chose not to marry his childless brother's widow (/wiki/Levirate_marriage) , the widow removed her brother-in-law's shoe to symbolize that he had abandoned his duty. In Arab (/wiki/Arab_people) custom, the removal of one's shoe also symbolized the dissolution of marriage. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In Arab culture (/wiki/Arab_culture) , showing the sole of one's shoe is considered an insult, and to throw a shoe (/wiki/Shoe_tossing#Insult) and hit someone with it is considered an even greater insult. Shoes are considered to be dirty as they frequently touch the ground, and are associated with the lowest part of the body—the foot (/wiki/Foot) . As such, shoes are forbidden in mosques (/wiki/Mosque) , and it is also considered unmannerly to cross the legs and display the soles of one's shoes during conversation. This insult was demonstrated in Iraq, first when Saddam Hussein (/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) 's statue was toppled in 2003, Iraqis gathered around it and struck the statue with their shoes. [50] (#cite_note-Gammell_Caroline-50) In 2008, United States President George W. Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) had a shoe thrown at him (/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoeing_incident) by a journalist as a statement against the war in Iraq. [51] (#cite_note-Asser_Martin-51) More generally, shoe-throwing (/wiki/Shoe-throwing) or shoeing, showing the sole of one's shoe or using shoes to insult (/wiki/Insult) are forms of protest in many parts of the world. Incidents where shoes were thrown at political figures have taken place in Australia, India, Ireland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most notably the Arab world (/wiki/Arab_world) . [52] (#cite_note-Tel-52) [53] (#cite_note-BBC-53) Empty shoes may also symbolize death. In Greek (/wiki/Greece) culture, empty shoes are the equivalent of the American funeral wreath. For example, empty shoes placed outside of a Greek home would tell others that the family's son has died in battle. [54] (#cite_note-Reeve_Andru-54) At an observation memorializing the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) , 3,000 pairs of empty shoes were used to recognize those killed. [55] (#cite_note-Cohen_Sam-55) The Shoes on the Danube Bank (/wiki/Shoes_on_the_Danube_Bank) is a memorial in Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) . Conceived by film director Can Togay (/wiki/Can_Togay) , he created it on the east bank of the Danube River (/wiki/Danube_River) with sculptor Gyula Pauer (/w/index.php?title=Gyula_Pauer&action=edit&redlink=1) to honor the Jews who were killed by fascist Arrow Cross (/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party) militiamen in Budapest during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . They were ordered to take off their shoes and were shot at the edge of the water so that their bodies fell into the river and were carried away. The memorial represents their shoes left behind on the bank. Construction "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . "Shoe sole" redirects here. For the French pastry called shoe-soles, see palmier (/wiki/Palmier) . See also: Shoe insert (/wiki/Shoe_insert) The basic anatomy of a shoe is recognizable, regardless of the specific style of footwear. All shoes have a sole , which is the bottom of a shoe, in contact with the ground. Soles can be made from a variety of materials, although most modern shoes have soles made from natural rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) , polyurethane (/wiki/Polyurethane) , or polyvinyl chloride (/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride) (PVC) compounds. [56] (#cite_note-Karak_Niranjan-56) Soles can be simple—a single material in a single layer—or they can be complex, with multiple structures or layers and materials. When various layers are used, soles may consist of an insole, midsole, and an outsole. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot under the footbed (also known as sock liner). The purpose of the insole is to attach to the lasting margin of the upper, which is wrapped around the last (/wiki/Last) during the closing of the shoe during the lasting operation. Insoles are usually made of cellulosic paper board or synthetic non woven insole board. Many shoes have removable and replaceable footbeds. Extra cushioning is often added for comfort (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe) or health reasons (to help deal with differences in the natural shape of the foot or positioning of the foot during standing or walking). [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece or may be an assembly of separate pieces, often of different materials. On some shoes, the heel of the sole has a rubber plate for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic or so-called cleated shoes like soccer, rugby, baseball and golf shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to improve traction. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The midsole is the layer in between the outsole and the insole, typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have additional material for shock absorption (/wiki/Shock_absorption) , usually beneath the heel of the foot, where one puts the most pressure down. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The heel (/wiki/Heel_(shoe)) is the bottom rear part of a shoe. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for more practical and comfortable use. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) On some shoes the inner forward point of the heel is chiselled off, a feature known as a "gentleman's corner". This piece of design is intended to alleviate the problem of the points catching the bottom of trousers and was first observed in the 1930s. [58] (#cite_note-58) A heel is the projection at the back of a shoe which rests below the heel bone (/wiki/Calcaneus) . The shoe heel is used to improve the balance of the shoe, increase the height of the wearer, alter posture or other decorative purposes. Sometimes raised, the high heel (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) is common to a form of shoe often worn by women, but sometimes by men too. See also stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) . The upper helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip-flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, trainers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The upper is connected to the sole by a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that is stitched between it and the sole, known as a welt (/wiki/Welt_(shoe)) . [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) Most uppers have a mechanism, such as laces, straps with buckles, zippers, elastic, velcro straps, buttons, or snaps, for tightening the upper on the foot. Uppers with laces usually have a tongue that helps seal the laced opening and protect the foot from abrasion by the laces. Uppers with laces also have eyelets or hooks to make it easier to tighten and loosen the laces and to prevent the lace from tearing through the upper material. An aglet (/wiki/Aglet) is the protective wrapping on the end of the lace. The vamp is the front part of the shoe, starting behind the toe, extending around the eyelets and tongue and towards back part of the shoe. The medial is the part of the shoe closest to a person's center of symmetry, and the lateral is on the opposite side, away from their center of symmetry. This can be in reference to either the outsole or the vamp. Most shoes have shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) on the upper, connecting the medial and lateral parts after one puts their shoes on and aiding in keeping their shoes on their feet. In 1968, Puma SE (/wiki/Puma_SE) introduced the first pair of sneakers with Velcro (/wiki/Velcro) straps in lieu of shoelaces, and these became popular by the 1980s, especially among children and the elderly. [59] (#cite_note-Suddath_Claire-59) [60] (#cite_note-Frank_Robert-60) The toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) is the part that covers and protects the toes. People with toe deformities, or individuals who experience toe swelling (such as long-distance runners (/wiki/Long-distance_running) ) usually require a larger toe box. [61] (#cite_note-61) Diagram of a typical dress shoe. The area labeled as the "Lace guard" is sometimes considered part of the quarter and sometimes part of the vamp. Duration: 3 minutes and 10 seconds. 3:10 Subtitles available. CC A shoemaker making turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoes) at the Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum (/wiki/Roscheider_Hof_Open_Air_Museum) . English subtitles. Cutaway view of a typical shoe. Types This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoe&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Most types of shoes are designed for specific activities. For example, boots (/wiki/Boot) are typically designed for work or heavy outdoor use. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) are designed for particular sports such as running, walking, or other sports. Some shoes are designed to be worn at more formal (/wiki/Dress_shoe) occasions, and others are designed for casual wear. There are also a vast variety of shoes designed for different types of dancing. Orthopedic shoes are special types of footwear designed for individuals with particular foot problems or special needs. Clinicians evaluate patient's footwear as a part of their clinical examination. However, it is often based on each individual's needs, with attention to the choice of footwear worn and if the shoe is adequate for the purpose of completing their activities of daily living. [62] (#cite_note-62) Other animals, such as dogs (/wiki/Dog) and horses (/wiki/Horse) , may also wear special shoes to protect their feet as well. Depending on the activity for which they are designed, some types of footwear may fit into multiple categories. For example, Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boots) are considered boots, but may also be worn in more formal occasions and used as dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boots) incorporate many of the protective features of boots, but also provide the extra flexibility and comfort of many athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) . Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) are considered casual footwear, but have also been worn in formal occasions, such as visits to the White House (/wiki/White_House) . [63] (#cite_note-Ward_Julie-63) [64] (#cite_note-Lister_Richard-64) Athletic Main article: Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) A pair of athletic running shoes Bowling centers maintain bowling shoes for rental to patrons, to prevent damage to lane approaches. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoes) are designed for various sports activities, focusing on maximizing friction (/wiki/Friction) between the foot and the ground. These shoes often utilize materials like rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) to achieve this purpose. [65] (#cite_note-McGinnis_Peter-65) The earliest athletic shoes, dating to the mid-19th century, were track spikes (/wiki/Track_spikes) with metal cleats (/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)) for increased traction. Over time, athletic shoe design evolved, with companies like Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) and Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) contributing to the development of modern athletic shoes. Notable innovations include rubber-soled athletic shoes and the introduction of specialized shoes for different sports, such as basketball (/wiki/Basketball) and golf (/wiki/Golf) . More recently, minimalist shoes have gained popularity as barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Their purpose is to allow one's feet and legs to feel more subtly the impacts and forces involved in running, allowing finer adjustments in running style. [66] (#cite_note-Dan_Winters-66) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) [67] (#cite_note-Farrally_Cochran-67) The earliest rubber-soled athletic shoes date back to 1876 in the United Kingdom, when the New Liverpool Rubber Company made plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsolls) , or sandshoes, designed for the sport of croquet (/wiki/Croquet) . Similar rubber-soled shoes were made in 1892 in the United States by Humphrey O'Sullivan, based on Charles Goodyear (/wiki/Charles_Goodyear) 's technology. The United States Rubber Company (/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company) was founded the same year and produced rubber-soled and heeled shoes under a variety of brand names, which were later consolidated in 1916 under the name, Keds (/wiki/Keds_(shoes)) . These shoes became known as, "sneakers", because the rubber sole allowed the wearer to sneak up on another person. In 1964, the founding of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) by Phil Knight (/wiki/Phil_Knight) and Bill Bowerman (/wiki/Bill_Bowerman) of the University of Oregon (/wiki/University_of_Oregon) introduced many new improvements common in modern running shoes, such as rubber waffle soles, breathable nylon (/wiki/Nylon) uppers, and cushioning in the mid-sole and heel. During the 1970s, the expertise of podiatrists (/wiki/Podiatrist) also became important in athletic shoe design, to implement new design features based on how feet reacted to specific actions, such as running, jumping, or side-to-side movement for men and women. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) A pair of Converse All-Stars Shoes specific to the sport of basketball (/wiki/Basketball) were developed by Chuck Taylor (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_(salesman)) , and are popularly known as Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) . In 1969, Taylor was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame) in recognition of this development, and in the 1970s, other shoe manufacturers, such as Nike, Adidas, Reebok, and others began imitating this style of athletic shoe. [68] (#cite_note-Peterson_Hal-68) In April 1985, Nike introduced its own brand of basketball shoe which would become popular in its own right, the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) , named after the then-rookie Chicago Bulls (/wiki/Chicago_Bulls) basketball player, Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . The Air Jordan line of shoes sold $100 million in their first year. [69] (#cite_note-Papson_Goldman-69) As barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, many modern shoe manufacturers have recently designed footwear that mimic this experience, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Some of these shoes include the Vibram FiveFingers (/wiki/Vibram_FiveFingers) , [70] (#cite_note-TrailSpace-70) Nike Free (/wiki/Nike_Free) , [71] (#cite_note-Cortese_Amy-71) and Saucony (/wiki/Saucony) 's Kinvara and Hattori. [72] (#cite_note-Saucony-72) [73] (#cite_note-Jhung_Lisa-73) Mexican huaraches (/wiki/Huarache_(running_shoe)) are also very simple running shoes, similar to the shoes worn by the Tarahumara (/wiki/Tarahumara) people of northern Mexico, who are known for their distance running abilities. [74] (#cite_note-McDougall_Christopher-74) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoes) are also very light and flexible shoes that are designed to mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Many athletic shoes are designed with specific features for specific activities. One of these includes roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) , which have metal or plastic wheels on the bottom specific for the sport of roller skating. Similarly, ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skates) have a metal blade attached to the bottom for locomotion across ice (/wiki/Ice) . Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoes) have also been designed to provide a comfortable, flexible and durable shoe for the sport of skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) . [75] (#cite_note-Welinder_Whitley-75) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) are rubber-soled, tight-fitting shoes designed to fit in the small cracks and crevices for rock climbing (/wiki/Rock_climbing) . Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) are similarly designed with rubber soles and a tight fit, but also are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals (/wiki/Bicycle_pedal#Clipless_pedals) , as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. [76] (#cite_note-IPMBA-76) Some shoes are made specifically to improve a person's ability to weight train (/wiki/Weight_training) . [77] (#cite_note-77) Sneakers that are a mix between an activity-centered and a more standard design have also been produced: examples include roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) , which feature wheels that can be used to roll on hard ground, and Soap shoes (/wiki/Soap_(shoes)) , which feature a hard plastic sole that can be used for grinding (/wiki/Grind_(sport)) . Boot Main article: Boot (/wiki/Boot) A pair of steel-toed (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) safety boots Boots (/wiki/Boot) are a specialized type of footwear that covers the foot and extends up the leg. They serve both functional and fashion purposes, offering protection from elements like water, snow, and mud while also being a fashion statement. Cowboy boots, for instance, are known for their distinctive style and are popular among cowboys in the western United States (/wiki/Western_United_States) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) , on the other hand, are designed for comfort and support during long walks in rough terrains. Snow boots (/wiki/Snow_boot) are ideal for wet or snowy weather, providing warmth and protection against the elements. Additionally, boots are used in specialized activities like skiing, ice skating, and climbing due to their unique features tailored to these activities. [78] (#cite_note-DeWeese_Daniel-78) [79] (#cite_note-Chand_Elise-79) [80] (#cite_note-Howe_Steve-80) [81] (#cite_note-Stimpert_Desiree-81) Boots may also be attached to snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) to increase the distribution of weight over a larger surface area (/wiki/Surface_area) for walking in snow (/wiki/Snow) . Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boots) are a specialized snow boot which are used in alpine (/wiki/Alpine_skiing) or cross-country skiing (/wiki/Cross-country_skiing) and designed to provide a way to attach the skier to his/her skis (/wiki/Ski) using ski bindings (/wiki/Ski_binding) . The ski/boot/binding combination is used to effectively transmit control inputs from the skier's legs to the snow. Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) are another specialized boot with a metal blade attached to the bottom which is used to propel the wearer across a sheet of ice (/wiki/Ice) . [82] (#cite_note-Bellis_Mary_Ice-82) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) are similar to ice skates but with a set of three to four wheels in lieu of the blade, which are designed to mimic ice skating on solid surfaces such as wood or concrete. [83] (#cite_note-Olsen_Scott&Brennan-83) Boots are designed to withstand heavy wear to protect the wearer and provide good traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. They may be used for uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) of the police (/wiki/Police) or military (/wiki/Military) , as well as for protection in industrial settings such as mining (/wiki/Mining) and construction (/wiki/Construction) . Protective features may include steel-tipped toes (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) and soles or ankle (/wiki/Ankle) guards. [84] (#cite_note-Construction_Materials-84) Dress and casual Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) are characterized by their smooth leather uppers, leather soles, and sleek design, suitable for formal occasions. In contrast, casual shoes have sturdier leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and a wider profile for everyday wear. Some dress shoe designs are unisex, while others are specific to men or women. Men's This male dress shoe, known as a derby shoe (/wiki/Derby_shoe) , is distinguished by its open lacing. Men's dress shoes include styles like Oxfords, Derbies, Monk-straps, and Slip-ons, each with its unique characteristics in terms of lacing, decoration, and formality. Women's High heel sandals Women's shoes cover a wide range of styles, including high heels, mules, slingbacks, ballet flats, and court shoes, with high-heeled footwear being a popular choice for formal occasions. Unisex Clog (/wiki/Clog_(shoe)) Platform shoe (/wiki/Platform_shoe) : shoe with very thick soles and heels Sandals (/wiki/Sandal_(footwear)) : open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) : leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Slip-on shoe (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) : a dress or casual shoe without shoelaces or fasteners; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) , also known as "deck shoes": similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces are usually simple leather with no frills. Typically made of leather and featuring a soft white sole to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. The first boat shoe was invented in 1935 by Paul A. Sperry (/wiki/Paul_A._Sperry) . Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) : For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) . Dance Dancers use a variety of footwear depending on the style of dance and the surface they will be dancing on. Pointe shoes, for instance, are designed for ballet dancing, featuring a stiffened toe box and hardened sole to allow dancers to stand on the tips of their toes. Ballet shoes, on the other hand, are soft, pliable shoes made of canvas or leather, providing flexibility and comfort for ballet dancing. Other dance shoe types include jazz shoes, tango, and flamenco shoes, ballroom shoes, tap shoes, character shoes, and foot thongs, each designed to meet the specific needs of different dance styles. Pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoes) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoes) Jazz shoes (/wiki/Jazz_shoe) . This style is frequently worn by acro dancers (/wiki/Acro_dance) A foot thong , viewed from the bottom Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Ladies' ballroom shoes Men's ballroom shoes Tap shoes (/wiki/Tap_shoe) Kierpce (/w/index.php?title=Kierpce&action=edit&redlink=1) Children's shoe from the early 80s. Orthopedic See also: Diabetic shoe (/wiki/Diabetic_shoe) Orthopedic heavy duty black leather school uniform shoes Orthopedic shoes are specially designed to alleviate discomfort associated with various foot and ankle disorders, such as blisters (/wiki/Blister) , bunions, calluses, and plantar fasciitis. They are also used by individuals with diabetes, unequal leg length (/wiki/Unequal_leg_length) , or children with mobility issues. [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) [87] (#cite_note-87) These shoes typically feature a low heel, wide toe box, and firm heel for added support. Some orthopedic shoes come with removable insoles or orthotics to provide extra arch support. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Measures and sizes Main article: Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) World's largest pair of shoes (/wiki/Giant_shoes_of_Marikina) , Riverbank Center (/wiki/Riverbanks_Center) , Philippines—5.29 metres (17.4 ft) long and 2.37 metres (7 ft 9 in) wide, equivalent to a French shoe size of 75. Shoe sizes are indicated by a numerical value representing the length of the shoe, with different systems used globally. European sizes are measured in Paris Points, while the UK and American units are based on whole-number sizes spaced at one barleycorn (1/3 inch) with UK adult sizes starting at size 1 = 8 + 2 ⁄ 3 in (22.0 cm). In the US, this is size 2. Men's and women's shoe sizes often use different scales [ citation needed ] , and some systems are measured using a Brannock Device (/wiki/Brannock_Device) which considers the width and length size values of the feet. The Mondopoint system, introduced in the 1970s by International Standard ISO 2816:1973 "Fundamental characteristics of a system of shoe sizing to be known as Mondopoint" and ISO 3355:1975 "Shoe sizes – System of length grading (for use in the Mondopoint system)" includes measurements of both length and width of the foot. [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-89) Toddler-sized shoe. Accessories Various accessories are used to enhance the functionality and comfort of shoes. Crampons provide traction on icy terrain, foam taps adjust shoe fit, heel grips prevent slipping, and ice cleats enhance stability on slippery surfaces. Overshoes protect shoes from rain and snow, while shoe bags are used for storage. Shoe brushes and polishing cloths maintain shoe appearance, while shoe inserts offer additional comfort. Removal of shoes "Plzz REMOVE YOUR SHOES" sign at entrance to stupa (/wiki/Stupa) . Nubra (/wiki/Nubra) , India Main article: Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship) In many places in the world, shoes are removed when moving from exteriors to interiors, particularly in homes [90] (#cite_note-Kurzius_2023_p020-90) [91] (#cite_note-Nast_Spier_2020_y674-91) and religious buildings. [92] (#cite_note-Sood_2011_e867-92) In many Asian countries, outdoor shoes are exchanged for indoor shoes or slippers (/wiki/Slipper) . [93] (#cite_note-LaMotte_2023_u513-93) Fitness center (/wiki/Fitness_center) etiquette encourages the exchange of outdoor shoes for indoor shoes, both to prevent dirt and grime from being transferred to the equipment and to ensure that participants are wearing the right shoes for their activities. [94] (#cite_note-C.P.T_2023_s056-94) See also Foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) List of shoe companies (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) Locomotor effects of shoes (/wiki/Locomotor_effects_of_shoes) Runner's toe (/wiki/Runner%27s_toe) , injury from malfitting shoes Shoe dryer (/wiki/Shoe_dryer) Shoe rack (/wiki/Shoe_rack) Shoe tossing (/wiki/Shoe_tossing) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Shoe fetish (/wiki/Shoe_fetish) References ^ Jump up to: a b c Hoskins, Tansy E. (2020-03-21). 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Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2010PLoSO...510984P (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLoSO...510984P) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1371/journal.pone.0010984 (https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010984) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 2882957 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882957) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 20543959 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20543959) . Reported in (among others) Belluck, Pam (9 June 2010). "This Shoe Had Prada Beat by 5,500 Years" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10shoe.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100611103130/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10shoe.html) from the original on 11 June 2010 . 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"Bones Reveal First Shoe-Wearers" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4173838.stm) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120603011525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4173838.stm) from the original on June 3, 2012 . Retrieved July 23, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Helm, Charles W.; Lockley, Martin G.; Cawthra, Hayley C.; De Vynck, Jan C.; Dixon, Mark G.; Rust, Renée; Stear, Willo; Van Tonder, Monique; Zipfel, Bernhard (2023). "Possible shod-hominin tracks on South Africa's Cape coast". Ichnos . 30 (2): 79–97. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2023Ichno..30...79H (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023Ichno..30...79H) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/10420940.2023.2249585 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10420940.2023.2249585) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1042-0940 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1042-0940) . 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Archived from the original (http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bliceskates.htm) on December 5, 2012 . Retrieved August 10, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Olsen_Scott&Brennan_83-0) Olsen, Scott & Brennan. "Inline-Skates" (http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/Inline.html) . lemelson.mit.edu. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20060502164738/http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/Inline.html) from the original on May 2, 2006 . Retrieved August 10, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Construction_Materials_84-0) Somaiya, A.; James, E.; Wieffering, N. (2008). Construction Materials . Forest Drive, Pinelands, Cape Town (/wiki/Cape_Town) : Pearson Education South Africa. p. 36. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-77025-156-4 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160508104957/https://books.google.com/books?id=VIVr_oR3JowC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=safety+boots&source=bl&ots=hydz0hRuEA&sig=5OSk5uTUJBdFY4z2GJK-Rz6Arm8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gFkkUM2KM4fM9QSvmIGwDA&ved=0CGUQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=safety%20boots&f=false) from the original on 2016-05-08. ^ (#cite_ref-85) Hill, Matthew; Healy, Aoife; Chockalingam, Nachiappan (December 2019). "Key concepts in children's footwear research: a scoping review focusing on therapeutic footwear" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487054) . Journal of Foot and Ankle Research . 12 (1): 25. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1186/s13047-019-0336-z (https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13047-019-0336-z) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 6487054 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487054) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 31061678 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31061678) . ^ (#cite_ref-86) Hill, Matthew; Healy, Aoife; Chockalingam, Nachiappan (December 2020). "Effectiveness of therapeutic footwear for children: A systematic review" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7222438) . Journal of Foot and Ankle Research . 13 (1): 23. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1186/s13047-020-00390-3 (https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13047-020-00390-3) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 7222438 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7222438) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32404124 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32404124) . ^ (#cite_ref-87) Hill, Matthew; Healy, Aoife; Chockalingam, Nachiappan (August 2021). "Defining and grouping children's therapeutic footwear and criteria for their prescription: an international expert Delphi consensus study" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354267) . BMJ Open . 11 (8): e051381. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051381 (https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjopen-2021-051381) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2044-6055 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2044-6055) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 8354267 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354267) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 34373314 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34373314) . ^ (#cite_ref-88) US patent 1725334 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US1725334) , "Foot-measuring instrument", published 1929-08-20 ^ (#cite_ref-89) R. Boughey. Size Labelling of Footwear. Journal of Consumer Studies & Home Economics. Volume 1, Issue 2. June 1977. DOI:10.1111/j.1470-6431.1977.tb00197.x ^ (#cite_ref-Kurzius_2023_p020_90-0) Kurzius, Rachel (October 2, 2023). "The case for — and against — taking your shoes off in the house" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/home/2023/10/02/take-shoes-off-indoors-house/) . Washington Post . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nast_Spier_2020_y674_91-0) Spier, Ally (April 24, 2020). "Should You Take Your Shoes Off While Indoors?" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/should-you-take-your-shoes-off-while-indoors) . Architectural Digest . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sood_2011_e867_92-0) Sood, Suemedha (June 17, 2011). "Religious tourism etiquette" (https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20110616-travelwise-religious-tourism-etiquette) . BBC Home . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-LaMotte_2023_u513_93-0) LaMotte, Sandee (December 7, 2023). "The dirty truth about taking your shoes off at the door" (https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/07/health/remove-shoes-germs-wellness/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-C.P.T_2023_s056_94-0) C.P.T, Lee Boyce (2023-11-06). "Gym Etiquette Code of Conduct: 12 Rules for Every Lifter" (https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/gentlemans-guide-gym-etiquette#wear-indoor-shoes) . Men's Journal . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . Bibliography Bergstein, Rachelle (2012). Women from the Ankle Down: The Story of Shoes and How They Define Us (Hardback). New York: Harper Collins. pp. 284 pages (https://archive.org/details/womenfromankledo00berg/page/284) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-196961-4 . Doe, Tamasin (1998), Patrick Cox: Wit, Irony, and Footwear , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8230-1148-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-1148-8) . Pattison, Angela, A Century of Shoes: Icons of Style in the 20th Century , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7858-0835-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-0835-3) . Swann, June. History of Footwear in Norway, Sweden and Finland: Prehistory to 1950 , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 91-7402-323-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7402-323-3) . Further reading Design Museum. Fifty Shoes That Changed the World (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30656443-fifty-shoes-that-changed-the-world) . London: Conran Octopus, 2009. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84091-539-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84091-539-6) . External links Shoes at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Shoe) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Shoes) from Wikiquote Texts (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikisource Textbooks (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikibooks Resources (https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikiversity Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) 's online exhibits on the history and variety of footwear: "All About Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221005164952/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) . Archived from the original (http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) on 2022-10-05. "Footwear History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060813085112/http://www.footwearhistory.com/) . Archived from the original (http://www.footwearhistory.com/) on 2006-08-13. "International Shoe Size Conversion Charts" (http://www.i18nguy.com/l10n/shoes.html) . , from i18nguy's website, offers more information. "Shoe Care" (https://archive.today/20121218002956/http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) on 2012-12-18. Illustrated "Glossary of Shoe Terms" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220319083936/https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) . Archived from the original (https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) on 2022-03-19. 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Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell (/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants) High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits 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(/wiki/Behavioral_modernity) Evolutionary musicology (/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology) music archaeology (/wiki/Music_archaeology) Evolutionary origin of religion (/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion) Paleolithic religion (/wiki/Paleolithic_religion) Prehistoric religion (/wiki/Prehistoric_religion) Spiritual drug use (/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record) Origin of language (/wiki/Origin_of_language) Prehistoric counting (/wiki/Prehistoric_counting) Prehistoric medicine (/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine) trepanning (/wiki/Trepanning) Prehistoric music (/wiki/Prehistoric_music) Alligator drum (/wiki/Alligator_drum) flutes (/wiki/Paleolithic_flute) Divje Babe flute (/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute) gudi (/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)) Prehistoric warfare (/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare) Symbols (/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter) symbolism (/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11955690j) 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Aage Thaarup Born Aage Gjerfing Thaarup 1906 Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) Died 11 December 1987 Chelsea, London (/wiki/Chelsea,_London) Occupation Milliner Notable credit(s) Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) to the Queen (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) , 1961 Aage Thaarup (1906–1987) was a Danish-born milliner (/wiki/Millinery) who ran a celebrated hatmaking business in London between the 1930s and 1970s. Among his notable clients were the Queen Mother (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother) and Queen (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) of the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) – for whom he designed the bearskin tricorn (/wiki/Tricorne_hat) worn at the annual Trooping the Colour (/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour) parade. When this famous hat was displayed at an exhibition in 2003, Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) said in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) : "There is a particular combination of madness and dignity to the dashing tricorn that Aage Thaarup created". [1] (#cite_note-NYT_Menkes-1) There was certainly an eccentric element to many of Thaarup's hats – he once created a design modelled on the Royal Albert Hall (/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall) for a British Pathé (/wiki/British_Path%C3%A9) news feature – but this was underpinned by hat design skills garnered from a long apprenticeship in Copenhagen, Delhi, Paris and Berlin. During a more than 40-year career, he was beset by financial difficulties on more than one occasion and still retained a loyal customer base – not least The Queen. His Times (/wiki/The_Times) obituary noted: "He was not hardened by fame or fortune. He wore a cheerful disposition and a bow-tie always at a ten-to-four angle". [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) Early life and career [ edit ] Aage Gjerfing Thaarup was born in Copenhagen, the second of four sons in a family of modest means. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) He wanted to be a schoolteacher, but his parents could not afford to pay his college fees so he got a job in the hat department of Fornesbeck, then Copenhagen's largest department store. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) Although this was intended to be a stopgap, he remained there for three years and decided he liked working with hats. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) After getting an education grant, which he supplemented with English teaching and fashion drawing, Thaarup worked for a spell in both Berlin and Paris – in Paris he got a job at the renowned hatmaking salon Maison Lewis. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) He had no hatmakers in his family, but would later say that his grandmother had made shoes for Queen Alexandra (/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark) [4] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Settle_240455-4) Moving to London – on a one-way ticket using borrowed money – he sold hats for a time as a commercial traveller, but found he could not make enough to live on. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) An army officer who had recently returned from India suggested he try his luck there. He borrowed more money and travelled first class to Bombay (/wiki/Mumbai) , selling hundreds of hats during the voyage and building up a client base. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) Travelling on to other Indian cities, he continued making hats, getting help with construction and materials (many of which were improvised) from the men who sewed for a living in India's bazaars. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) A 1961 profile in The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) recalled that, while there was an endless succession of society heads needing hats during the days of The Raj (/wiki/British_Raj) and the season meant following society from Bombay to Delhi, Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) and the Khyber Pass (/wiki/Khyber_Pass) – taking in polo matches and garden parties along the way – Thaarup was living hand to mouth during this time. Nonetheless, he made his mark; a milliner in Lahore still (in 1961) had a sign painted above his shop bearing the legend: 'Noor Mohammed, late of Aage Thaarup (London & Paris) Model Hats'. [5] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Legge-5) Establishment of salon [ edit ] Returning to London in 1932, Thaarup set up shop in cramped upstairs rooms just off Berkeley Square (/wiki/Berkeley_Square) . His reputation grew by the hat and he began attracting London society customers – including Wallis Simpson (/wiki/Wallis_Simpson) . [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) While Thaarup's sewing skills were very limited – he relied on his assistants to actually make the hats and told The Observer he could barely mend a hole in his own sock – he could match the hat to the occasion, the outfit and the wearer. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) [5] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Legge-5) This flair would mean he later moved his business to Grosvenor Street and began exporting his hats to high-end stores such as Lord & Taylor (/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor) in New York. His fashion shows were memorable, and events such as his surrealist-inspired show in New York in 1936 earned him the title "The Mad Hatter". [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) His house in Chelsea (/wiki/Chelsea,_London) attracted other creatives and some became contributors to the short-lived magazine Pinpoints he launched in 1938. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) Thaarup could not enlist during the war – he was lame and also a Danish national – but he continued to design hats, some of which aimed to help the war effort. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) In 1941, he attracted press coverage for creating the London Pride hat – a model adorned with the saxifrage (/wiki/Saxifraga_%C3%97_urbium) that thrived on bombsites created by the London Blitz (/wiki/The_Blitz) . It was said he planned to send shipments of the hats all over the world and a reporter from The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) gushed: "It has taken a Dane to turn 'London Pride'...into a symbol." [6] (#cite_note-SMH_Wilson-6) In 1943, Thaarup lost a well-publicised libel (/wiki/Libel) case against the publishers of the magazine Lilliput (/wiki/Lilliput_(magazine)) . It juxtaposed (on facing pages) a picture of him and one of his flower-decorated hats with the caption: 'I only wanted a few pansies' with another image of a gardener holding a garden fork with the caption: 'Keep out of my garden'. While his counsel had argued that this might imply he was a "degenerate who should be shunned by all right-thinking members of society", the defendant successfully argued that there was no defamatory intention. At this time, the word 'pansy' was a slang term for a gay man and the decriminalisation of homosexual acts (/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967) was more than 20 years away. In July 1943, the Court of Appeal (/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_England_and_Wales) ordered that there were sufficient grounds for a new trial. [7] (#cite_note-The_Times_49486-7) [8] (#cite_note-The_Times_49606-8) Thaarup's reputation survived – by 1950, he was chairman of the Association of London Millinery Designers and that year helped to choose suitable headgear for the WRAF (/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Air_Force) in company with an air marshal, an air chief marshal and an air commandant. [9] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_080250-9) Aage Thaarup designed the bearskin tricorn hat worn by the Queen at the annual Trooping the Colour parade Hats for royalty [ edit ] His most prestigious customer in the early years was undoubtedly the Duchess of York (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother) Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later queen consort (/wiki/Queen_consort) ) and he was the first to design the wide-brimmed hat with veil that became her favoured style – her daughter and a future loyal customer Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) used to attend some fittings. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) [10] (#cite_note-Elizabeth,_The_Queen_Mother_Vickers-10) For George VI (/wiki/George_VI) 's 1947 tour of South Africa, Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) and Thaarup prepared the queen consort's garments by numbering every outfit and matching hat to ensure there was no confusion. Thaarup also had to consider the vagaries of the climate in his designs – hat pins that resisted rust and fabrics that wouldn't be irresistible to insects. He also included hats with ostrich feathers – a major South African export and highly prized by the garment and millinery industries. [10] (#cite_note-Elizabeth,_The_Queen_Mother_Vickers-10) Elizabeth II's hats [ edit ] As milliner to Elizabeth II – and referred to as such by many media sources during the 1950s although his official Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) was not formally granted until 1961 – Thaarup was responsible for many hats captured in film and photographs. For official engagements, he had to design models that stayed on, co-ordinated with the Queen's outfits and revealed her face to onlookers and the world's press. He said: "In making a hat for a royal lady, one needs to bear in mind the need for the royal face to be visible. But the hat must be contemporary and reflect what is attractive in personal taste." [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) At the Trooping of the Colour, the replacement of the monarch's traditional bearskin with a tricorn cap with osprey plume was considered contemporary when Princess Elizabeth first wore it in 1951 (standing in for her father who was unwell). But it was also a practical modification, being more lightweight, and a contemporaneous account by the BBC said Thaarup had based it on an 18th-century regimental design, with the addition of the feather to soften what was otherwise a man's cap. [11] (#cite_note-BBC_Trooping_the_Colour_(film)-11) Other notable commissions [ edit ] Thaarup had many friends with cash to spare. On one occasion, the hotelier Victor Sassoon (/wiki/Victor_Sassoon) bought his whole hat collection to give to the female guests at his Christmas house party. [5] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Legge-5) While Thaarup had many A-list clients, he also designed more functional mass-market lines, including the 1950 cap design for the Women's Royal Army Corps (/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Army_Corps) walking out uniform. He was in good company, since Edward Molyneux (/wiki/Edward_Molyneux) designed the uniform's beret and Norman Hartnell took charge of the uniform itself. [12] (#cite_note-The_WA_100150-12) He also designed factory caps and many models for high-street stores. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_obit_62051-2) These included ranges for Finningans in Bond Street and Marshall & Snelgrove (/wiki/Marshall_%26_Snelgrove) [13] (#cite_note-The_Times_52471-13) [14] (#cite_note-The_Observer_130850-14) Thaarup was also highly active in promoting his name throughout his career – not only appearing in numerous British Pathé films, but also visiting high-street stores that stocked his non-bespoke hats twice a year to personally sell to the public both his own designs and those of his competitor milliners. [5] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Legge-5) He became known for inspired marketing gimmicks, such as the doll-sized hats created as gift tokens in 1956 – these could be exchanged for a full-sized model from his store. The following year the hat gift tokens were placed inside Easter eggs. [15] (#cite_note-Observer_Settle_140457-15) Financial worries [ edit ] Despite his marketing successes, Thaarup had financial difficulties throughout his career. In 1940–42 his business went into administration for the first time – partly as a result of wartime (/wiki/World_War_II) trading conditions – although unlike clothing hats were not rationed (/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom) . [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) As business improved, he launched a small wholesale business and, by 1944, he was described as "Britain's leading hat designer" and quoted saying that women were asking for: "more thrilling models". The reporter also noted that his recent success has been based on Regency and Chinese-influenced designs for the home market. [16] (#cite_note-The_Observer_150844-16) Two years later, a British Pathé film showcased his latest line of Tudor-inspired hats. In 1955, he was declared bankrupt – something The Times attributed to overtrading – although Thaarup's generosity to his circle may have been a contributory factor. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) Thaarup said at the hearing that he had been helping friends and relatives in Denmark. [17] (#cite_note-The_Times_53349-17) After the bankruptcy hearing was over, his friends clubbed together so that he could spend the weekend in The Ritz (/wiki/The_Ritz_London_Hotel) . [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) It was noted in The Times after his death that the patronage of the British royal family continued even after his bankruptcy. [18] (#cite_note-The_Times_62950-18) Later career [ edit ] With the backing of friends, Thaarup continued to make hats, moving to smaller premises at 132 King's Road (/wiki/King%27s_Road) Chelsea. [19] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Settle-19) The move to one of the soon-to-be epicentres of the Swinging London (/wiki/Swinging_London) scene was a step down from Mayfair, but seems to have inspired Thaarup. He ended his 1959 show by saying: "Stop, we are forgetting Young London", then bringing forward a young amateur model who had been co-opted when he spotted her passing his store and placing one of his hats on her head. The reporter noted that the young girl wore the typical Chelsea outfit of white stockings, straight hair and plain dress and both she and the audience were delighted by the transforming effect of a design created by this: "dearly loved figure in the London fashion world". [20] (#cite_note-20) In 1960, Thaarup was reported to be collaborating with hairdresser Vidal Sassoon (/wiki/Vidal_Sassoon) to ensure the hats matched the new decade's hairstyles. [21] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Adburgham-21) A year later – still sponsored by friends – Thaarup moved to business premises in Hanover Square (/wiki/Hanover_Square,_London) . [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) In 1961, Thaarup was granted a Royal Warrant. [5] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Legge-5) This remained in place until 1974, even though he had been less active in business since the mid-1960s, when he officially retired. [3] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Ginsburg-3) [22] (#cite_note-London_Gazette_74-22) Legacy [ edit ] Among those who worked for Thaarup were Constance Babington Smith (/wiki/Constance_Babington_Smith) – a trained hatmaker although she was more interested in aviation – and the notable milliner John Boyd (/wiki/John_Boyd_(Milliner)) , who was Thaarup's apprentice. [23] (#cite_note-The_Times_60642-23) [24] (#cite_note-VAM_John_Boyd-24) Examples of Aage Thaarup's work are held in, among others, the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) and Museum Victoria (/wiki/Museum_Victoria) , Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) . His most enduring model, the tricorn bearskin, was among the works included in the 2003 Kensington Palace (/wiki/Kensington_Palace) exhibition Hats and Handbags – with all items in the exhibition being selected by the Queen and her assistants. [1] (#cite_note-NYT_Menkes-1) [25] (#cite_note-Hello_220503-25) Bibliography [ edit ] Thaarup, Aage and Shackell, Dora, Heads & Tails , 1956, Cassell & Company, London Thaarup, Aage and Shackell, Dora, How to Make a Hat , 1957, Cassell & Company, London References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Menkes, Suzy (10 June 2003). "A queen's fashion trademark: Hats off to a coronation celebration and Prince William at 21" (https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/10/style/10iht-fhats_ed3_.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 23 September 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Mr Aage Thaarup". The Times . No. 62051. 14 December 1987. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ginsburg, M. Thaarup, Aage Gjerfing . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_Settle_240455_4-0) "Alison Settle's viewpoint". The Observer . 24 April 1955. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Legge, Martine (29 January 1961). "Aage Thaarup: The Glad Hatter". The Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-SMH_Wilson_6-0) Wilson, Betty (25 March 1951). "A Dane, and London Pride" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17727335) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 27 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_49486_7-0) "Law report, March 4". The Times . No. 49486. 5 March 1943. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_49606_8-0) "Law Report, July 23". The Times . No. 49606. 23 July 1943. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_080250_9-0) "Our London Correspondence". The Guardian . 8 February 1950. ^ Jump up to: a b Vickers, Hugo (2006). Elizabeth, The Queen Mother . London: Random House Books (Arrow). p. iv. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780099476627 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBC_Trooping_the_Colour_(film)_11-0) "Trooping the Colour" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/princesselizabeth/6620.shtml) . Archive recording 8mins37seconds . BBC. 7 June 1951 . Retrieved 27 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_WA_100150_12-0) "British Army Uniforms" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47822370) . The West Australian. 10 January 1950 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_52471_13-0) "Designed by Aage Thaarup (advert)". The Times . No. 52471. 17 November 1952. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_130850_14-0) "Aage Thaarup at Marshall & Snelgrove (advert)". The Observer . 13 August 1950. ^ (#cite_ref-Observer_Settle_140457_15-0) Settle, Alison (14 April 1957). "Mothers with a pay packet". The Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_150844_16-0) Staff (15 August 1944). "Paris designs revive interest in hat fashions". The Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_53349_17-0) "Court Milliner's Affairs: Financial Troubles of Mr A. Thaarup". The Times . No. 53349. 12 October 1955. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_62950_18-0) "Milliner Dies". The Times . No. 62950. 12 December 1987. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_Settle_19-0) Settle, Alison (13 April 1958). "Fighting the Weather". The Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Mushroom look for hats at Ascot". The Observer . 14 June 1959. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_Adburgham_21-0) Adburgham, Alison (22 January 1960). "Mainly for Women: The London Collections". The Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-London_Gazette_74_22-0) "Supplement to the London Gazette, 1st January 1974" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46168/supplement/51/data.pdf) (PDF) . The London Gazette . thegazette.co.uk. 1 January 1974 . Retrieved 26 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_60642_23-0) Toomey, Philippa (18 November 1978). "From hats and a secret war to the life and work of a poet laureate". The Times . No. 60462. ^ (#cite_ref-VAM_John_Boyd_24-0) "Hat, John Boyd" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O369076/hat-boyd-john/) . vam.ac.uk . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 26 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hello_220503_25-0) "Royal accessories go on display in new exhibition" (http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2003/05/22/exhibitionqueenshats/) . Hello. 22 May 2003 . Retrieved 23 September 2014 . External links [ edit ] Aage Thaarup hat worn by the Queen to Royal Ascot in 1958, from Royal Collection (http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/thequeensyear/MicroObject.asp?item=11&themeid=1166&object=250097&row=9) Breton-style hat by Aage Thaarup in the Victoria Museum collection (https://archive.today/20140926194930/http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/247334/hat-aage-thaarup-red-with-black-band-1940s-1950s) Aage Thaarup hats in the Victoria & Albert Museum collection (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/name/thaarup-aage/5709/) Albert Hall Hat, 1957 film for British Pathé (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/albert-hall-hat/query/thaarup) Tudor Hats, British Pathé feature (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/tudor-hats/query/Thaarup) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) Artists Victoria (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/13747/) Other Te Papa (New Zealand) (https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/25923) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐g6rxh Cached time: 20240718220552 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.482 seconds Real time usage: 0.671 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2636/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35989/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1434/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 96698/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.297/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5765960/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 592.018 1 -total 35.84% 212.191 1 Template:Reflist 27.30% 161.618 22 Template:Cite_news 25.43% 150.527 1 Template:Infobox_person 24.90% 147.407 1 Template:Authority_control_(arts) 7.59% 44.946 1 Template:EngvarB 5.68% 33.652 19 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.90% 29.026 2 Template:DMCA 3.69% 21.867 2 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 3.65% 21.596 1 Template:Wikidata_image Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43964654-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718220552 and revision id 1161925135. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aage_Thaarup&oldid=1161925135 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aage_Thaarup&oldid=1161925135) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : British milliners (/wiki/Category:British_milliners) English fashion designers (/wiki/Category:English_fashion_designers) Danish fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Danish_fashion_designers) Danish emigrants to England (/wiki/Category:Danish_emigrants_to_England) British royal warrant holders (/wiki/Category:British_royal_warrant_holders) 1906 births (/wiki/Category:1906_births) 1987 deaths (/wiki/Category:1987_deaths) 1930s fashion (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) 1940s fashion (/wiki/Category:1940s_fashion) 1950s fashion (/wiki/Category:1950s_fashion) 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) 1970s fashion (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) 20th-century English businesspeople (/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_businesspeople) King's Road, Chelsea, London (/wiki/Category:King%27s_Road,_Chelsea,_London) Hidden categories: EngvarB from April 2015 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_April_2015) Use dmy dates from April 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2015) Pages using infobox person with multiple credits (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_credits) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with NGV identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NGV_identifiers) Articles with TePapa identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_TePapa_identifiers)
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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. E English female adult models (/wiki/Category:English_female_adult_models) (25 P) Pages in category "English female models" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 441 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . (previous page) ( next page (/w/index.php?title=Category:English_female_models&pagefrom=Hill%2C+Stephanie%0AStephanie+Hill#mw-pages) ) A Adwoa Aboah (/wiki/Adwoa_Aboah) Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) Jill Adams (/wiki/Jill_Adams) Karima Adebibe (/wiki/Karima_Adebibe) Modupe Adeyeye (/wiki/Modupe_Adeyeye) Sophia Ahrens (/wiki/Sophia_Ahrens) Kat Alano (/wiki/Kat_Alano) Saffron Aldridge (/wiki/Saffron_Aldridge) Julie Alexander (/wiki/Julie_Alexander) Katie Amess (/wiki/Katie_Amess) Susie Amy (/wiki/Susie_Amy) Leomie Anderson (/wiki/Leomie_Anderson) Sophie Anderton (/wiki/Sophie_Anderton) Vanessa Angel (English actress) (/wiki/Vanessa_Angel_(English_actress)) Layla Anna-Lee (/wiki/Layla_Anna-Lee) Melanie Appleby (/wiki/Melanie_Appleby) Emma Appleton (/wiki/Emma_Appleton) Natasha Arben (/wiki/Natasha_Arben) Olivia Arben (/wiki/Olivia_Arben) Primrose Archer (/wiki/Primrose_Archer) April Ashley (/wiki/April_Ashley) Sylvia Ashley (/wiki/Sylvia_Ashley) Bronwen Astor, Viscountess Astor (/wiki/Bronwen_Astor,_Viscountess_Astor) Emily Atack (/wiki/Emily_Atack) Gemma Atkinson (/wiki/Gemma_Atkinson) Olivia Attwood (/wiki/Olivia_Attwood) Afshan Azad (/wiki/Afshan_Azad) B Laura Bailey (model) (/wiki/Laura_Bailey_(model)) Tanya Bardsley (/wiki/Tanya_Bardsley) Mischa Barton (/wiki/Mischa_Barton) Michelle Bass (/wiki/Michelle_Bass) Joan Bates (/wiki/Joan_Bates) Baba Beaton (/wiki/Baba_Beaton) Nancy Beaton (/wiki/Nancy_Beaton) Harriadnie Beau (/wiki/Harriadnie_Beau) Michelle Behennah (/wiki/Michelle_Behennah) Kelly Bell (/wiki/Kelly_Bell) Sai Bennett (/wiki/Sai_Bennett) Yasmin Benoit (/wiki/Yasmin_Benoit) Gale Benson (/wiki/Gale_Benson) Munroe Bergdorf (/wiki/Munroe_Bergdorf) Angie Best (/wiki/Angie_Best) Martine Beswick (/wiki/Martine_Beswick) Suma Bhattacharya (/wiki/Suma_Bhattacharya) Esmé Bianco (/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Bianco) Lucy Birley (/wiki/Lucy_Birley) Liv Boeree (/wiki/Liv_Boeree) Cressida Bonas (/wiki/Cressida_Bonas) Pat Booth (/wiki/Pat_Booth) Francoise Boufhal (/wiki/Francoise_Boufhal) Olivia Bowen (/wiki/Olivia_Bowen) Sally Anne Bowman (/wiki/Sally_Anne_Bowman) Jenny Boyd (/wiki/Jenny_Boyd) Pattie Boyd (/wiki/Pattie_Boyd) Katie Boyle (/wiki/Katie_Boyle) Millie Brady (/wiki/Millie_Brady) Sarah Branch (/wiki/Sarah_Branch) Vanessa Branch (/wiki/Vanessa_Branch) Anna Brewster (/wiki/Anna_Brewster) Lydia Bright (/wiki/Lydia_Bright) Kelly Brook (/wiki/Kelly_Brook) Florence Brudenell-Bruce (/wiki/Florence_Brudenell-Bruce) Tania Bryer (/wiki/Tania_Bryer) Laura Cavendish, Countess of Burlington (/wiki/Laura_Cavendish,_Countess_of_Burlington) Darcey Bussell (/wiki/Darcey_Bussell) Lisa Butcher (/wiki/Lisa_Butcher) Scarlett Byrne (/wiki/Scarlett_Byrne) C Rachael Cairns (/wiki/Rachael_Cairns) Diana Caldwell (/wiki/Diana_Caldwell) Isabella Calthorpe (/wiki/Isabella_Calthorpe) Fiona Campbell-Walter (/wiki/Fiona_Campbell-Walter) Edie Campbell (/wiki/Edie_Campbell) Jean Campbell (model) (/wiki/Jean_Campbell_(model)) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Olympia Campbell (/wiki/Olympia_Campbell) Veronica Carlson (/wiki/Veronica_Carlson) Katie Carr (/wiki/Katie_Carr) Eva Carrington (/wiki/Eva_Carrington) Alison Carroll (/wiki/Alison_Carroll) Ella Catliff (/wiki/Ella_Catliff) Susie Cave (/wiki/Susie_Cave) Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) Lady Mary Charteris (/wiki/Lady_Mary_Charteris) Lorraine Chase (/wiki/Lorraine_Chase) Amy Childs (/wiki/Amy_Childs) Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) Hannah Claydon (/wiki/Hannah_Claydon) Margaret Clunie (/wiki/Margaret_Clunie) Lily Cole (/wiki/Lily_Cole) Marilyn Cole (/wiki/Marilyn_Cole) Laura Coleman (/wiki/Laura_Coleman) Lily Collins (/wiki/Lily_Collins) Natasha Collins (/wiki/Natasha_Collins) Lady Emily Compton (/wiki/Lady_Emily_Compton) Sam Cooke (model) (/wiki/Sam_Cooke_(model)) Hermione Corfield (/wiki/Hermione_Corfield) Caroline Cossey (/wiki/Caroline_Cossey) Nathalie Cox (/wiki/Nathalie_Cox) Veronica Ann Cross (/wiki/Veronica_Ann_Cross) Hazel Crowney (/wiki/Hazel_Crowney) Eliza Cummings (/wiki/Eliza_Cummings) Jessica Cunningham (/wiki/Jessica_Cunningham) Alex Curran (/wiki/Alex_Curran) Lady Georgiana Curzon (/wiki/Lady_Georgiana_Curzon) D Eileen Daly (/wiki/Eileen_Daly) Tess Daly (/wiki/Tess_Daly) Holly Davidson (/wiki/Holly_Davidson) Carole Davis (/wiki/Carole_Davis) Wallis Day (/wiki/Wallis_Day) Anita De Bauch (/wiki/Anita_De_Bauch) Maxime de la Falaise (/wiki/Maxime_de_la_Falaise) Jazzy de Lisser (/wiki/Jazzy_de_Lisser) Michelle de Swarte (/wiki/Michelle_de_Swarte) Cat Deeley (/wiki/Cat_Deeley) Poppy Delevingne (/wiki/Poppy_Delevingne) Belle Delphine (/wiki/Belle_Delphine) Dorothy Dene (/wiki/Dorothy_Dene) Preeti Desai (/wiki/Preeti_Desai) Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) Alesha Dixon (/wiki/Alesha_Dixon) Hannah Dodd (actress) (/wiki/Hannah_Dodd_(actress)) Dolores (Ziegfeld girl) (/wiki/Dolores_(Ziegfeld_girl)) Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) Sarah Donohue (/wiki/Sarah_Donohue) Lesley-Anne Down (/wiki/Lesley-Anne_Down) Sonny Drane (/wiki/Sonny_Drane) Charlet Duboc (/wiki/Charlet_Duboc) Caroline Duffy (/wiki/Caroline_Duffy) Jourdan Dunn (/wiki/Jourdan_Dunn) Anulka Dziubinska (/wiki/Anulka_Dziubinska) E Petra Ecclestone (/wiki/Petra_Ecclestone) Hannah Elizabeth (TV personality) (/wiki/Hannah_Elizabeth_(TV_personality)) Gail Elliott (/wiki/Gail_Elliott) Jennifer Ellison (/wiki/Jennifer_Ellison) Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) Kate Elson (/wiki/Kate_Elson) Emma B (model) (/wiki/Emma_B_(model)) Maria Eriksson (/wiki/Maria_Eriksson) Baba d'Erlanger (/wiki/Baba_d%27Erlanger) Fola Evans-Akingbola (/wiki/Fola_Evans-Akingbola) Donna Ewin (/wiki/Donna_Ewin) F Ameerah Falzon-Ojo (/wiki/Ameerah_Falzon-Ojo) Bobo Faulkner (/wiki/Bobo_Faulkner) Rebecca Ferdinando (/wiki/Rebecca_Ferdinando) Barbara Ferris (/wiki/Barbara_Ferris) Malaika Firth (/wiki/Malaika_Firth) Helen Flanagan (/wiki/Helen_Flanagan) Florrie (/wiki/Florrie) Gilly Flower (/wiki/Gilly_Flower) Georgia May Foote (/wiki/Georgia_May_Foote) Nora Forster (/wiki/Nora_Forster) Samantha Fox (/wiki/Samantha_Fox) Foxes (singer) (/wiki/Foxes_(singer)) Jenny Frost (/wiki/Jenny_Frost) G Jessica Gagen (/wiki/Jessica_Gagen) Peaches Geldof (/wiki/Peaches_Geldof) Pixie Geldof (/wiki/Pixie_Geldof) Paula Gellibrand (/wiki/Paula_Gellibrand) Louise Germaine (/wiki/Louise_Germaine) Wendy Glenn (/wiki/Wendy_Glenn) Louise Glover (/wiki/Louise_Glover) Eleanor Glynn (/wiki/Eleanor_Glynn) Barbara Goalen (/wiki/Barbara_Goalen) Lauren Gold (/wiki/Lauren_Gold) Jane Goldman (/wiki/Jane_Goldman) Abigail Good (/wiki/Abigail_Good) Lauren Goodger (/wiki/Lauren_Goodger) Lucy Gordon (actress) (/wiki/Lucy_Gordon_(actress)) Mia Goth (/wiki/Mia_Goth) Sophie Gradon (/wiki/Sophie_Gradon) Alexina Graham (/wiki/Alexina_Graham) Nikki Grahame (/wiki/Nikki_Grahame) Katie Green (/wiki/Katie_Green) Pamela Green (/wiki/Pamela_Green) Sam Grey (/wiki/Sam_Grey) Kate Groombridge (/wiki/Kate_Groombridge) Sienna Guillory (/wiki/Sienna_Guillory) Catalina Guirado (/wiki/Catalina_Guirado) Anne Gunning (/wiki/Anne_Gunning) Jamie Gunns (/wiki/Jamie_Gunns) Abbey-Anne Gyles (/wiki/Abbey-Anne_Gyles) H Tallulah Haddon (/wiki/Tallulah_Haddon) Lizzie Haines (/wiki/Lizzie_Haines) Alexis Hall (actress) (/wiki/Alexis_Hall_(actress)) Paula Hamilton (/wiki/Paula_Hamilton) Celia Hammond (/wiki/Celia_Hammond) Rose Hanbury (/wiki/Rose_Hanbury) Tania Harcourt-Cooze (/wiki/Tania_Harcourt-Cooze) Tallulah Harlech (/wiki/Tallulah_Harlech) Deirdre Hart-Davis (/wiki/Deirdre_Hart-Davis) Domino Harvey (/wiki/Domino_Harvey) Keeley Hawes (/wiki/Keeley_Hawes) Mo Hayder (/wiki/Mo_Hayder) Chanelle Hayes (/wiki/Chanelle_Hayes) Stacey Hayes (/wiki/Stacey_Hayes) Chloe Hayward (/wiki/Chloe_Hayward) Keeley Hazell (/wiki/Keeley_Hazell) Elizabeth Henstridge (/wiki/Elizabeth_Henstridge) Lady Victoria Hervey (/wiki/Lady_Victoria_Hervey) India Hicks (/wiki/India_Hicks) (previous page) ( next page (/w/index.php?title=Category:English_female_models&pagefrom=Hill%2C+Stephanie%0AStephanie+Hill#mw-pages) ) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_female_models&oldid=956758727 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:English_female_models&oldid=956758727) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : English models (/wiki/Category:English_models) British female models (/wiki/Category:British_female_models) English women by occupation (/wiki/Category:English_women_by_occupation) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Template Category TOC via Automatic category TOC on category with 301–600 pages (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_Automatic_category_TOC_on_category_with_301%E2%80%93600_pages) Automatic category TOC generates standard Category TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC)
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Magdeleine_Thenault_Mondoloni) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Magdeleine_Thenault_Mondoloni) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Magdeleine_Thenault_Mondoloni) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Magdeleine Thenault Mondoloni" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Magdeleine_Thenault_Mondoloni&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Magdeleine+Thenault+Mondoloni) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Magdeleine_Thenault_Mondoloni) for suggestions. ( April 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Magdeleine Thenault Mondoloni Born Magdeleine Thenault ( 1921-11-19 ) November 19, 1921 Brux, Vienne (/wiki/Brux,_Vienne) , France Died March 31, 2016 (2016-03-31) (aged 94) Nationality French Known for Cosmetics Spouse Joseph Mondoloni (divorced) Parent(s) Roger Thenault Armandine Marquet Thenault Magdeleine Thenault-Mondoloni (19 November 1921 - 31 March 2016) was a French (/wiki/French_people) cosmetologist, union organizer, and businesswoman. Once referred to as France's “First Lady of Estheticians,” [1] (#cite_note-dulac-1) Thenault-Mondoloni is known for her work professionalizing the field of beauty as well as her eponymous line of cosmetics, “Magdeleine Mondoloni.” She is the recipient of the National Order of Merit (/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Views [ edit ] Thenault-Mondoloni pioneered a view of beauty that extended beyond the physical to focus on generosity of spirit and inner goodness. Her work for French beauticians followed a similar vein, arguing that beauticians served a vital role in society that reached beyond mere makeup tips and haircuts. [3] (#cite_note-3) Thenault-Mondoloni worked to bring this French idea of beauty to the international community, creating seminars and workshops about the evolution of beauty in Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Canada, United States, Senegal, Japan, China, Brazil, Morocco and Algeria. Notably, she also worked extensively with the major Japanese company Festa Cosmetics, serving as a Technical Counselor to the company from 1992–2001 and becoming their Honorary President in 1995. She worked throughout to Japan to found beauty schools and institutes, including those named for her in Tokyo, Hiroshima, Taiwan and Shanghai. During her term as President of the Federation of Aestheticians (INFA) in the 1960s and 1970s, Thenault-Mondoloni played a vital role in establishing vocational programs that provided professional certifications for beauticians in France. [1] (#cite_note-dulac-1) She also founded beauty schools, hair salons and institutes dedicated to the study of beauty. Recognition [ edit ] For her work in unionizing and professionalizing the cosmetology profession, Thenault-Mondoloni was awarded the National Order of Merit in 2009. Professional Affiliations [ edit ] Academié de Paris, Counselor of Technical Education (1985–present) Honorary President, National Union of Beauty Schools (1991–present) President, National Confederation of Cosmetics and Perfume (2003–2008) References [ edit ] ^ a b Dulac, Claire. "Interview: l'esthétique sans frontières". Aesthetic 1 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Décès de Magdeleine Thénault-Mondolini, pionnière de l'esthétique à la française" (http://www.professionbienetre.com/metiers-de-la-beaute/deces-de-magdeleine-thenault-mondolini-pionniere-de-l-esthetique-a-la-francaise.html) (in French). PBE . Retrieved 13 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Au métier de la beauté...avec Magdeleine Mondoloni". le département . 1981-09-23. Bibliography [ edit ] Elizabeth Sleeman (2001). The International Who's Who of Women 2002 . Psychology Press. pp. 9–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85743-122-3 . Magdeleine Thenault-Mondoloni (1999). La beauté, ma compagne . Pont-Neuf. p. 570. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-910351-19-9 . Mondoloni, Magdeleine (2005), Maquillage mode d'emploi : La leçon de maquillage , Guides du vivre bien, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 2862140635 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/2862140635) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.magdeleine-mondoloni.com/) Magdeleine Thenault Mondoloni (https://www.facebook.com/MagdeleineMondoloni) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6758b554dc‐g66t5 Cached time: 20240701175814 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.366 seconds Real time usage: 0.502 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2374/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 53312/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11665/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26451/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.231/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6298249/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 471.189 1 -total 36.23% 170.701 3 Template:Ambox 31.85% 150.061 1 Template:Infobox_person 27.65% 130.304 1 Template:Multiple_issues 23.46% 110.530 1 Template:Reflist 18.62% 87.750 2 Template:Cite_news 12.97% 61.114 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 12.40% 58.431 1 Template:More_citations_needed 8.35% 39.324 1 Template:Birth_date 5.91% 27.845 21 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45635390-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701175814 and revision id 1159386596. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdeleine_Thenault_Mondoloni&oldid=1159386596 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdeleine_Thenault_Mondoloni&oldid=1159386596) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1921 births (/wiki/Category:1921_births) 2016 deaths (/wiki/Category:2016_deaths) People from Vienne, Isère (/wiki/Category:People_from_Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re) French cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:French_cosmetics_businesspeople) 20th-century French businesswomen (/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_businesswomen) 20th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_businesspeople) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles needing additional references from March 2015 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2015) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Orphaned articles from April 2015 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_April_2015) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) Articles with multiple maintenance issues (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues) Pages using infobox person with multiple parents (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_parents) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
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American fashion designer (born 1977) Geoffrey Mac (born March 24, 1977) is an American fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-njal-1) Mac has appeared on reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) shows such as America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) and Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) . He is known for the use of latex in his designs. Life and career [ edit ] Mac attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (/wiki/School_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago) , [2] (#cite_note-huffington-2) where he earned his BFA (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) in 1999. It was in Chicago where the Geoffrey Mac launched his latex clothing company. His line was sold at Marshall Field's (/wiki/Marshall_Field%27s) flagship store after Mac won their "Distinction in Design" contest. [3] (#cite_note-3) His designs were later featured in publications such as Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) and V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) . [1] (#cite_note-njal-1) In 2003, the Fashion Group International (/wiki/Fashion_Group_International) selected Mac for the "Style Makers & Rule Breakers Award for Apparel". [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2004, he was further recognized in the Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) as the "Young Designer of the Year". One of his designs was acquired for the permanent collection of the Chicago Historical Museum (/wiki/Chicago_Historical_Museum) . [1] (#cite_note-njal-1) Mac moved to New York City in 2004, where he worked briefly with designer Cynthia Rowley (/wiki/Cynthia_Rowley) . He developed a following and designed with celebrity clients such as Deee-Lite (/wiki/Deee-Lite) , and Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) . [2] (#cite_note-huffington-2) Mac also collaborated with Zaldy Goco (/wiki/Zaldy_Goco) , [2] (#cite_note-huffington-2) an influential fashion designer, [5] (#cite_note-5) for high-profile clients such as Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) for her Monster Ball Tour (/wiki/The_Monster_Ball_Tour) , Scissor Sisters (/wiki/Scissor_Sisters) , and Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) for her 2011 Femme Fatale Tour (/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour) . [1] (#cite_note-njal-1) Mac was the subject of the fourth episode of season 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_(season_16)) of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . For this challenge, the contestants modeled his designs during a runway presentation which featured explosive pyrotechnics lining the catwalk. [6] (#cite_note-6) The episode aired on Wednesday, March 16, 2011 and also featured guest judge photographer/director Francesco Carrozzini (/wiki/Francesco_Carrozzini) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Mac made his official NYFW (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) Runway debut on February 12, 2012 at the famous Exit Art venue. [2] (#cite_note-huffington-2) The show featured wigs by long-time Patricia Field (/wiki/Patricia_Field) stylist Codie Leone, a prominent New York-based transgender stylist and advocate. In recent years, Mac has developed an impressive portfolio for his custom designs working with a diverse range of clients such as Debbie Harry (/wiki/Debbie_Harry) , Icona Pop (/wiki/Icona_Pop) , Neon Hitch (/wiki/Neon_Hitch) , and RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) winner Sharon Needles (/wiki/Sharon_Needles) . [2] (#cite_note-huffington-2) In March 2015, Mac was commissioned by Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , [2] (#cite_note-huffington-2) to create a series of custom latex and silk dresses for her Vulnicura (/wiki/Vulnicura) NYC residency. In 2015, he worked with renowned stylist Arianne Phillips (/wiki/Arianne_Phillips) and Live Nation Entertainment (/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment) to create custom garments for Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) 's Rebel Heart Tour (/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour) . This included a series of latex bras worn by dancers in the "Holy Water"/ Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)) section of the show. His sketch for this project was featured in WWD in September 2015. [8] (#cite_note-8) Later he also collaborated with hip hop rapper Cazwell (/wiki/Cazwell) on a range of form-fitting underwear, based on the colours used in the rapper's 'Ice Cream Truck' video. [2] (#cite_note-huffington-2) He also he had previously worked with Sharon Needles (/wiki/Sharon_Needles) on a range of T-shirts and shorts and leggings. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2020, Mac was announced as the winner of season 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_18)) of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) . [10] (#cite_note-10) His "Midnight Rider" collection was featured in the 2021 NYFW. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Geoffrey Mac" (https://www.notjustalabel.com/geoffrey-mac) . Not Just a Label (/wiki/Not_Just_a_Label) . Retrieved May 1, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Nichols, James Michael (April 3, 2015). "FABRICATIONS: Meet Queer Fashion Designer And Artist Geoffrey Mac" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/04/geoffrey-mac-fabrications_n_6803386.html) . huffingtonpost.com . Retrieved June 20, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Swartz, Tracy (March 14, 2020). "Former SAIC instructor wins 'Project Runway': 'I'm very proud of pulling it together and pulling it off' – Chicago Tribune" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-ent-project-runway-winner-geoffrey-mac-20200314-ahmmjhgprfhr5mtdixny5vsqh4-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved May 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Rose, Eden. "Geoffrey Mac brings club-kid chic to SAIC" (http://fnewsmagazine.com/2003-nov/page8.shtml) . fnewsmagazine.com . Retrieved June 21, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ahmed, Imrad (January 21, 2010). "BoF Exclusive: Zaldy Goco talks about designing for Michael Jackson and Lady Gaga, Part II" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2010/01/bof-exclusive-zaldy-goco-talks-about-designing-for-michael-jackson-and-lady-gaga-part-ii.html) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "America's Next Top Model: Francesco Carrozzini Episode Summary" (http://www.tv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/francesco-carrozzini-1378187) . TV.com. March 20, 2011 . Retrieved December 11, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "America's Next Top Model Photos - Francesco Carrozzini" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110827094550/http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/photos/00612040cef) . The CW. November 29, 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/photos/00612040cef) on August 27, 2011 . Retrieved December 11, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Erik Maza. "First Look: Madonna's 'Rebel Heart' Tour Designer Costume Sketches – WWD" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/madonna-designer-costume-rebel-heart-tour-10211945/) . Wwd.com . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Musto, Michael. "Rapping Stud Cazwell On Hot Guys, Groupies, and His New Underwear Line" (https://www.out.com/michael-musto/2015/3/02/rapping-stud-cazwell-hot-guys-groupies-and-his-new-underwear-line) . 2 March 2015 . out.com . Retrieved June 19, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Evans, Morgan M. (March 13, 2020). "Project Runway Chooses Season 18 Winner in Emotional Finale Episode" (https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/project-runway-chooses-season-18-120054430.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJ4zZpTIfgmaJ_PiEYLfUZsTYfu3p-9jjO9XJ3oTSqLp5zNXt7THuuvQ51__udyB0a31Okg7cgsO370xaNKvg_uohkZZh8uqcEOveerbjqqUKJv02Xpn_L2i2VH3yUqMY-n2-TIcMWOuP-asXVUcR-wUZ_Z2iF8ugsOR3SVObS0b) . Yahoo Entertainment . Retrieved May 1, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Raez, Constanza Falco. "New York Fashion Week | GEOFFREY MAC" (https://flaunt.com/blog/nyfw-geoffrey-mac) . Flaunt . Retrieved May 1, 2023 . Sources [ edit ] "America's Next Top Model, Cycle 16 - Episode 4 'Francesco Carrozzini/Geoffrey Mac Fashion Show' (https://www.flickr.com/photos/antmgenuine/sets/72157626473612316) " (https://www.flickr.com/photos/antmgenuine/sets/72157626473612316) . Flickr . Retrieved May 2, 2013 . Pierce, Estella (March 16, 2011). "View the Photo Shoot Pictures: America's Next Top Model Cycle 16 Episode 4" (http://smallscreenscoop.com/view-the-photo-shoot-pictures-america%E2%80%99s-next-top-model-cycle-16-episode-4/314105) . Small Screen Scoop. Stiffler, Scott (January 18, 2010). "Drag queens and pop divas: blurring the lines" (http://www.edgelosangeles.com/index.php?ch=parties&sc=&sc3=&id=101227&pg=3) . Edge . p. 3. "Geoffrey Mac Spring/Summer '12 Collection" (http://stylepantry.com/2011/11/11/geoffrey-mac-springsummer-12-collection) . Style Pantry. November 11, 2011. "Designer talks dressing Debbie Harry" (http://www.westword.com/arts/nyc-designer-geoffrey-mac-talks-fashion-dressing-debbie-harry-and-his-colorado-roots-5801259) . WestWord. December 12, 2013. "Huffington Post "Fabrications" Feature" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/04/geoffrey-mac-fabrications_n_6803386.html) . Huffington Post. March 4, 2015. "Rebel Heart Tour Sketches" (http://www.backstagetales.com/first-costume-sketches-for-madonnas-rebel-heart-tour) . BackStageTales. September 13, 2015. 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For more information, see Australian fashion (/w/index.php?title=Australian_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) . Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Australian fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Australian_fashion) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mhnv7 Cached time: 20240721062152 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.076 seconds Real time usage: 0.115 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 179/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4357/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 304/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2569/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.044/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1470338/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 103.150 1 -total 49.56% 51.117 1 Template:Commons_category 47.26% 48.747 1 Template:Sister_project 45.59% 47.028 1 Template:Side_box 27.14% 27.993 2 Template:If_then_show 26.84% 27.683 1 Template:Cat_more 23.55% 24.293 1 Template:Hatnote 23.41% 24.147 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10213781-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721062152 and revision id 1212624926. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. A Australia's Next Top Model seasons (/wiki/Category:Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model_seasons) (11 P) Australian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Australian_businesspeople_in_fashion) (1 C, 4 P) Australian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Australian_fashion_designers) (2 C, 87 P) Australian models (/wiki/Category:Australian_models) (11 C) C Clothing brands of Australia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Australia) (74 P) Clothing companies of Australia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Australia) (4 C, 11 P) E Fashion events in Australia (/wiki/Category:Fashion_events_in_Australia) (4 P) M Australian military uniforms (/wiki/Category:Australian_military_uniforms) (2 C, 15 P) P Project Runway Australia (/wiki/Category:Project_Runway_Australia) (5 P) Pages in category "Australian fashion" The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Akubra (/wiki/Akubra) Australian work boot (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) B Billabong (clothing) (/wiki/Billabong_(clothing)) Boardshorts (/wiki/Boardshorts) Bonds (clothing) (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Bowyangs (/wiki/Bowyangs) C Cabbage-tree hat (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Calibre (menswear) (/wiki/Calibre_(menswear)) Camilla and Marc (/wiki/Camilla_and_Marc) Cork hat (/wiki/Cork_hat) D Deep Blue Sea (hat) (/wiki/Deep_Blue_Sea_(hat)) Down jacket (/wiki/Down_jacket) Driza-Bone (/wiki/Driza-Bone) E Eshay (/wiki/Eshay) F Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Flipsters (/wiki/Flipsters) G Globe International (/wiki/Globe_International) Golden Breed (/wiki/Golden_Breed) J J'Aton Couture (/wiki/J%27Aton_Couture) L Laurence Le Guay (/wiki/Laurence_Le_Guay) List of Vogue Australia cover models (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Australia_cover_models) M M.J. Bale (/wiki/M.J._Bale) Make Me a Supermodel (Australian TV series) (/wiki/Make_Me_a_Supermodel_(Australian_TV_series)) Mountcastle & Sons (/wiki/Mountcastle_%26_Sons) Mullet (haircut) (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) P P. Johnson (/wiki/P._Johnson) Parlour X (/wiki/Parlour_X) R Rip Curl (/wiki/Rip_Curl) RMIT School of Fashion and Textiles (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Fashion_and_Textiles) Rusty Australia (/wiki/Rusty_Australia) S Safari boot (/wiki/Safari_boot) Safari jacket (/wiki/Safari_jacket) Slide (footwear) (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Sussan (/wiki/Sussan) 1907 Sydney bathing costume protests (/wiki/1907_Sydney_bathing_costume_protests) Z Zimmermann (fashion label) (/wiki/Zimmermann_(fashion_label)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Australian_fashion&oldid=1212624926 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Australian_fashion&oldid=1212624926) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion by country (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_country) Culture of Australia (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Australia) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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Kind of choga (coat) Late 19th century "Costume of India - Moguls" picture depicting Mogul woman (upper left), Mogul Emperor Farrukhsiyar (center) died 1719, and Emperor Humayun (upper right), died in 1556 Farzi refers to an outer garment of the Mughal court (/wiki/Mughal_empire) . It was a coat with short sleeves and fur (/wiki/Fur) collars, opened in front. The length was shorter than Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) . Farzi was a winter's garment. Mughal emperors (/wiki/Mughal_emperors) and courtiers were wearing it over the Jama, fastened with a decorated piece of cloth, i.e., Katzeb (/wiki/Katzeb) around the waist area with loosely hanging ends. Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat (robes of honour) to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers. The coat was very much famous in the 17th century among the royals. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] Mughal clothing (/wiki/Mughal_clothing) Tubada (/wiki/Tubada_(coat)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Itihas . Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1992. p. 40. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1974). History of Medieval Deccan, 1295-1724: Mainly cultural aspects . Copies can be had from Director of Print. and Publication Bureau, Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 223. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mohamed Nasr. A Study Of Mughal Emperial Costumes And Designs During 16th And 17th Century . v t e Clothing in South Asia History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Clothes Achkan (/wiki/Achkan) Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Angarkha (/wiki/Angarkha) Antriya (/wiki/Antriya) Argon (/wiki/Argon_(clothing)) Bakhu/Kho (/wiki/Kho_(costume)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) Choli (/wiki/Choli) Churidar (/wiki/Churidar) Daura-Suruwal (/wiki/Daura-Suruwal) Dhakai shari (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dumdyam (/wiki/Dumdyam) Dumpra (/wiki/Dumpra) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) Farshi Pajama (/wiki/Farshi_Pajama) Ghagra choli (/wiki/Ghagra_choli) Ghoonghat (/wiki/Ghoonghat) Gamucha (/wiki/Gamucha) Gamosa (/wiki/Gamosa) Gharara (/wiki/Gharara) Gho (/wiki/Gho) Jama (/wiki/Jama_(coat)) Jamawar (/wiki/Jamawar) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Kabney (/wiki/Kabney) Kasta sari (/wiki/Kasta_sari) Kaupina(m) (/wiki/Kaupinam) Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Kota Doria (/wiki/Kota_Doria) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) Lehenga-style sari (/wiki/Lehenga-style_sari) Langa voni (/wiki/Langa_voni) Langota (/wiki/Langota) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Madisar (/wiki/Madisar) Mekhela chador (/wiki/Mekhela_chador) Mufti (/wiki/Mufti_(dress)) Mujib coat (/wiki/Mujib_coat) Mundu (/wiki/Mundu) Mundum neriyatum (/wiki/Mundum_neriyatum) Naga shawl (/wiki/Naga_shawl) Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) Onnara (/wiki/Onnara) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Patiala salwar (/wiki/Patiala_salwar) Pheran (/wiki/Pheran) Pinon hadi (/wiki/Pinon_hadi) Riha (/wiki/Riha_(garment)) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sambalpuri sari (/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Kerala sari (/wiki/Kerala_sari) Tant shari (/wiki/Tant_sari) Toego (/wiki/Toego) Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) Wonju (/wiki/Wonju_(Bhutan)) Headgear Bhaad-gaaule topi (/wiki/Bhaad-gaaule_topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Gandhi cap (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) Rumāl (/wiki/Rum%C4%81l) Rumi topi/Fez (/wiki/Rumi_topi) Sehra (/wiki/Sehra_(headdress)) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Sindhi cap (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Stitching and design Embroidery of India (/wiki/Embroidery_of_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Chikankari (/wiki/Chikan_(embroidery)) Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka_fabric) Gota (/wiki/Gota_(embroidery)) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kantha (/wiki/Kantha) Kasuti (/wiki/Kasuti) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nakshi (/wiki/Nakshi_kantha) Phulkari (/wiki/Phulkari) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Shisha (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) Zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) Zari (/wiki/Zari) Footwear Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Kholapuri (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Type of footwear designed for use in skateboarding This article is about skateboarding footwear. For shoes with wheels, see roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoes) . A pair of Fallen (/wiki/Fallen_Footwear) skate shoes. Skate shoes or skateboard shoes are a type of footwear specifically designed and manufactured for use in skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) . While numerous non-skaters choose to wear skate shoes as they are popular in fashion, the design of the skate shoe includes many features designed especially for use in skateboarding, including a vulcanized rubber or polyurethane (/wiki/Polyurethane) sole with minimal tread pattern or no pattern, a composition leather (/wiki/Composition_leather) or suede upper (/wiki/Upper_(shoe)) , and reinforced stitching to extend the life of the upper material. The most important aspect of skate shoes is that they have flat soles which allow the skater to have better board control. History [ edit ] Skateboarding was originally denoted "sidewalk surfing" and early skaters emulated surfing (/wiki/Surfing) style and performed barefoot. By the mid 1960s, skateboarders wore Keds (/wiki/Keds) and Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) , which had flat rubber soles that provided traction before griptape was common. Plimsoll (/wiki/Plimsoll_shoe) -style boat shoes manufactured by the Randolph Rubber Company and Vans (/wiki/Vans) were developed as the sport became more widespread. [1] (#cite_note-Wave-1) [2] (#cite_note-History_SF-2) As skateboarding focused on ollies (/wiki/Ollie_(skateboarding)) in the 1980s, durability in footwear became more important. High-impact tricks resulted in the increased popularity of higher-cut shoes, and Vans, Vision Street Wear (/wiki/Vision_Street_Wear) , and Etnies (/wiki/Etnies) introduced high-cut models by the end of the decade. A popular shoe at the time was the Air Jordan 1 (/wiki/Air_Jordan_1) , which was affordable and provided grip and protection. In the 1990s, low-top builds dominated the market as tricks became more flip-oriented (/wiki/Kickflip) . [2] (#cite_note-History_SF-2) In 1999, Cara-Beth Burnside (/wiki/Cara-Beth_Burnside) became the first woman to have a signature skate shoe. [3] (#cite_note-:Burnside0-3) Features [ edit ] Skate shoes can be split into vulcanized (/wiki/Vulcanized_rubber) and cupsole models. Vulcanized shoes are flexible and have good board feel, while cupsole shoes offer better protection and support. [4] (#cite_note-4) Shoe innovations include preventing "heel bruises" (damage to the heel area of the foot caused by harsh landings), enhancement of "skateboard feel" through increased flexibility, and increased grip traction allowing for more predictable handling. Many features of a skate shoe are designed to increase durability. Skate shoes are subjected to the abrasiveness of a skateboard's grip tape regularly; this is why skaters tend to go through shoes quickly. Super suede, action leather, and plastic reinforcing the toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) help to extend the life of a skate shoe. Lace loops and protectors are designed to prevent laces from ripping by shielding the most common areas that come into contact with grip tape. Other common features include reinforced stitching to prevent ripping, and wider shoe width so that there is more contact with the board, with thicker tongues and sides to compensate. Technical features include: Ollie patch (Vision Street Wear, Airwalk (/wiki/Airwalk) – 1980s) [2] (#cite_note-History_SF-2) Duracap ( Vans (/wiki/Vans) ) Air pockets in the heels Dynamic Grip Technology (DGT – DC Shoes (/wiki/DC_Shoes) ) [5] (#cite_note-5) System G2 Cushioning ( etnies (/wiki/Etnies) , Emerica (/wiki/Emerica) , éS) [ citation needed ] STI foam (etnies, Emerica, éS) [ citation needed ] Silicone Rubber makes shoes last longer (SiRC) Stash Pockets under sole or tongue ( DVS (/wiki/DVS_Shoe_Company) , [6] (#cite_note-6) Ipath (/wiki/Ipath) [7] (#cite_note-7) and Supra (/wiki/Supra_(footwear_brand)) [8] (#cite_note-8) ) Shock-Absorbing insoles ( Nike SB (/wiki/Nike_SB) ) Kevlar (/wiki/Kevlar) -reinforced laces (Nike SB) [9] (#cite_note-9) Lunarlon (Nike SB) [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] List of skateboarding shoe brands (/wiki/List_of_skateboarding_brands#Shoes) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Wave_1-0) Brooke, Michael (1999). The Concrete Wave: The History of Skateboarding . Warwick Publishing Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1894020545 . ^ a b c Souphanh, Boon Mark (October 31, 2019). "A Brief History: The Evolution of Skate Shoe Technology" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/features/a-brief-history-the-evolution-of-skate-shoe-technology) . Sneaker Freaker . Retrieved 2023-03-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-:Burnside0_3-0) Meet the Skate Icon Who Was the First Woman to Grace the Cover of Thrasher Mag , retrieved January 18, 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "How to Choose Skate Shoes - Tips, Advice, & Selection" (http://athleteaudit.com/how-to-choose-skate-shoes/) . Athlete Audit . 2016-10-20 . Retrieved 2017-07-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) ZapposGear (31 March 2011). "DC - Pro Spec 2.0 Mid 7816784" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2-pHhsxzo8) . YouTube . Google, Inc . Retrieved 24 September 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) hurbangrower (12 January 2012). "Stash Pocket 420 by DVS" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pN9In5L6nlM) . YouTube . Google, Inc. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/pN9In5L6nlM) from the original on 2021-12-12 . Retrieved 24 September 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) BrotasticLaxer (4 August 2012). "CUSTOMER REVIEWS FOR IPATH GRASSHOPPER - MEN'S" (http://reviews.ccs.com/8008/115745/ipath-ipath-grasshopper-mens-reviews/reviews.htm) . CCS . CCS . Retrieved 3 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Nice Kicks (2008). "SUPRA SKYTOP BLACK/PURPLE DETAILED LOOK" (http://www.nicekicks.com/2008/09/supra-skytop-blackpurple-detailed-look/) . Nice Kicks . Complex Sneakers . Retrieved 3 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "NIKE SB DUNK HIGH PREMIUM" (http://www.revert.nl/en/product/9455.html?id=9455) . revert . Revert.nl. 1995–2012 . Retrieved 3 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) nikeskateboarding (7 July 2011). "Nike - Lunarlon Cushioning With Eric Koston" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110723132624/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc2I0Lhi81Y&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1) . YouTube . Google, Inc. Archived from the original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc2I0Lhi81Y) on 2011-07-23 . Retrieved 3 October 2012 . Further reading [ edit ] Made for Skate: The Illustrated History of Skateboard Footwear , Jürgen Blümlein, Daniel Schmid & Dirk Vogel, Gingko Press (2008) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-158423348-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-158423348-0) Warnett, Gary (December 9, 2015). "CAN IT SKATE?: Skateboarding's History of Cannibalizing the Footwear Market" (https://032c.com/magazine/can-it-skate-skateboardings-history-of-cannibalizing-the-footwear-market) . 032c (/wiki/032c) . v t e Skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) Skateboarding styles (/wiki/Skateboarding_styles) Freestyle skateboarding (/wiki/Freestyle_skateboarding) Street skateboarding (/wiki/Street_skateboarding) Vert skateboarding (/wiki/Vert_skateboarding) Slalom skateboarding (/wiki/Slalom_skateboarding) Skateboarding tricks (/wiki/Skateboarding_trick) 900 (/wiki/900_(skateboarding)) 1080 (/wiki/1080_(skateboarding)) 1260 (/wiki/1260_(skateboarding)) Aerials (/wiki/Aerial_(skateboarding)) Benihana (/wiki/Benihana_(skateboarding)) Casper (/wiki/Casper_(skateboarding)) Flip tricks (/wiki/Flip_trick) Freestyle tricks (/wiki/Freestyle_skateboarding_tricks) Grabs (/wiki/Aerial_(skateboarding)) Grinds (/wiki/Grind_(skateboarding)) Heelflip (/wiki/Heelflip) Kickflip (/wiki/Kickflip) Lip tricks (/wiki/Lip_trick) Ollie (/wiki/Ollie_(skateboarding)) No comply (/wiki/No_comply) Pole jam (/wiki/Pole_jam) Shove-it (/wiki/Shove-it) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(skateboarding)) Wallride (/wiki/Wallride) Hill bomb (/wiki/Hill_bomb) Skateboard (/wiki/Skateboard) variations Brakeboard (/wiki/Brakeboard) Caster board (/wiki/Caster_board) Electric (/wiki/Electric_skateboard) Fingerboard (/wiki/Fingerboard_(skateboard)) Flowboard (/wiki/Flowboard) Freeboard (/wiki/Freeboard_(skateboard)) Longboard (/wiki/Longboard_(skateboard)) Penny (/wiki/Penny_board) Snakeboard (/wiki/Snakeboard) Street luge (/wiki/Street_luge) Culture Skate punk (/wiki/Skate_punk) Skate shoes Skateboarders (/wiki/Category:Skateboarders) Skatepark (/wiki/Skatepark) Skate video (/wiki/Skate_video) Organizations (/wiki/Skateboarding_organization) Sponsorship (/wiki/Skateboarding_sponsorship) Terminology (/wiki/List_of_skateboarding_terms) Skateboarding companies (/wiki/List_of_skateboarding_companies) Skatestopper (/wiki/Skatestopper) Skate shop (/wiki/Skate_shop) Skate spot (/wiki/Skate_spot) Skate contest (/wiki/Skate_contest) Skate podcasts (/wiki/List_of_skateboarding_podcasts) In multi-sport competitions Summer Olympics (/wiki/Skateboarding_at_the_Summer_Olympics) Asian Games (/wiki/Roller_sports_at_the_2018_Asian_Games) Skateparks (/wiki/Skatepark) List of skateparks (/wiki/List_of_skateparks) v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots (/wiki/Ammunition_boot) Bunny boots (/wiki/Bunny_boots) Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) Jackboots (/wiki/Jackboot) Jump boots (/wiki/Jump_boot) Jungle boots (/wiki/Jungle_boot) Tanker boots (/wiki/Tanker_boot) Trench boots (/wiki/Trench_boot) Munson Last (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last) Work Australian work boots (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Engineer boots (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Hip boots (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Rigger boots (/wiki/Rigger_boot) Steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Fashion boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) ( Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) ) Chukka boots (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Knee-high boots (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Over-the-knee boots (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Platform boots (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Other Jodhpur boots (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Sport-related footwear Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneaker) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Cross country running shoes (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) Football boots (/wiki/Football_boot) Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) Kung fu shoes (/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe) Minimalist shoes (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Motorcycle boots (/wiki/Motorcycle_boot) Mountaineering boots (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) Plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)) Racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flat) Racing shoes (/wiki/Racing_shoes) Riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) Roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) Sabatons (/wiki/Sabaton) Safari boots (/wiki/Safari_boot) Skate shoes Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boot) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneaker) Swimfins (/wiki/Swimfin) Water shoes (/wiki/Water_shoe) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Folk footwear (/wiki/Folk_costume) Abacas (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarkas (/wiki/Abarka) Alpargatas (/wiki/Espadrille) Avarcas (/wiki/Avarca) Balghas (/wiki/Balgha) Bast shoes (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocie) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Espadrilles (/wiki/Espadrille) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hnyat-phanats (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jorabs (/wiki/Jorabs) Kamiks (/wiki/Kamik) Kolhapuri chappals (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Mojaris (/wiki/Mojari) Mukluks (/wiki/Mukluk) Nalins (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanci (/wiki/Opanak) Peshawari chappals 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Ugly Betty (/wiki/Category:Ugly_Betty) episodes — the American comedy-drama television series. v t e Ugly Betty (/wiki/Ugly_Betty) Seasons (/wiki/List_of_Ugly_Betty_episodes) 1 (/wiki/Ugly_Betty_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Ugly_Betty_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Ugly_Betty_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Ugly_Betty_season_4) Characters (/wiki/List_of_Ugly_Betty_characters) Betty Suarez (/wiki/Betty_Suarez) Daniel Meade (/wiki/Daniel_Meade) Wilhelmina Slater (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Slater) Hilda Suarez (/wiki/Hilda_Suarez) Ignacio Suarez (/wiki/Ignacio_Suarez) Justin Suarez (/wiki/Justin_Suarez) Bradford Meade (/wiki/Bradford_Meade) Claire Meade (/wiki/Claire_Meade) Alexis Meade (/wiki/Alexis_Meade) Christina McKinney (/wiki/Christina_McKinney) Amanda Tanen (/wiki/Amanda_Tanen) Marc St. James (/wiki/Marc_St._James) Henry Grubstick (/wiki/Henry_Grubstick) Related articles Awards (/wiki/List_of_Ugly_Betty_awards_and_nominations) Yo soy Betty, la fea (/wiki/Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea) (original telenovela) " Betty (You Are Beautiful) (/wiki/Big_Girl_(You_Are_Beautiful)) " Betty en NY (/wiki/Betty_en_NY) v t e Yo soy Betty, la fea by Fernando Gaitán (/wiki/Fernando_Gait%C3%A1n) Original work Yo soy Betty, la fea (/wiki/Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea) (1999–01) Sequels and spin-offs Betty Toons (/wiki/Betty_Toons) (2002–03) Betty, la fea: la historia continúa (/wiki/Betty,_la_fea:_la_historia_contin%C3%BAa) (2024) Adaptations Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin (/wiki/Jassi_Jaissi_Koi_Nahin) (India) Esti HaMekho'eret (/wiki/Esti_HaMekho%27eret) (Israel) Verliebt in Berlin (/wiki/Verliebt_in_Berlin) (Germany) El amor no es como lo pintan (/wiki/El_amor_no_es_como_lo_pintan) (Mexico) La fea más bella (/wiki/La_fea_m%C3%A1s_bella) (Mexico) Lotte (/wiki/Lotte_(TV_series)) (Netherlands) Yo soy Bea (/wiki/Yo_soy_Bea) (Spain) Maria, i Aschimi (/wiki/Maria,_i_Aschimi) (Greece) Sara (/wiki/Sara_(Belgian_TV_series)) (Belgium) Ne daj se, Nina (/wiki/Ne_daj_se,_Nina) (Croatia/Serbia) I Love Betty La Fea (/wiki/I_Love_Betty_La_Fea) (Philippines) BrzydUla (/wiki/BrzydUla) (Poland) Bela, a Feia (/wiki/Bela,_a_Feia) (Brazil) Not Born Beautiful (/wiki/Not_Born_Beautiful) (Russia) Ugly Betty (/wiki/Ugly_Betty) (United States) ยัยเป็ดขี้เหร่ Ugly Betty Thailand (/wiki/Ugly_Betty_Thailand) (Thailand) Betty en NY (/wiki/Betty_en_NY) (United States) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐5zjjr Cached time: 20240714133551 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.142 seconds Real time usage: 0.216 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 288/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17746/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 416/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16282/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.101/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 916731/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 185.483 1 -total 94.53% 175.336 2 Template:Navbox 90.94% 168.669 1 Template:Ugly_Betty 7.05% 13.082 1 Template:Ugly_Betty_series 1.89% 3.505 1 Template:C 1.88% 3.496 20 Template:Small Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:6979680-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714133551 and revision id 982874188. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. * Ugly Betty episode redirects to lists (/wiki/Category:Ugly_Betty_episode_redirects_to_lists) (42 P) 0–9 Ugly Betty season 1 episodes (/wiki/Category:Ugly_Betty_season_1_episodes) (19 P) Ugly Betty season 2 episodes (/wiki/Category:Ugly_Betty_season_2_episodes) (12 P) Ugly Betty season 3 episodes (/wiki/Category:Ugly_Betty_season_3_episodes) (10 P) Ugly Betty season 4 episodes (/wiki/Category:Ugly_Betty_season_4_episodes) (12 P) Pages in category " Ugly Betty episodes" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . List of Ugly Betty episodes (/wiki/List_of_Ugly_Betty_episodes) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ugly_Betty_episodes&oldid=982874188 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ugly_Betty_episodes&oldid=982874188) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ugly Betty (/wiki/Category:Ugly_Betty) American television episodes by series (/wiki/Category:American_television_episodes_by_series) Television episodes set in New York City (/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_set_in_New_York_City)
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Chinese-born American fashion designer Sue Wong Wong, Hollywood, California on April 30, 2014 Born China Nationality American (/wiki/Americans) Education Los Angeles Technical Trade School Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Style Old Hollywood (/wiki/Old_Hollywood) glamour Spouse Ralph Homann (divorced) Sue Wong is a Chinese (/wiki/China) -born American (/wiki/Americans) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) best known for her dress designs with a contemporary twist based on old Hollywood (/wiki/Old_Hollywood) glamor style. [1] (#cite_note-Calvert-1) [ dead link ] Her collections, available in some 27 countries, have been noted for her interpretations of the traditions of couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) dressmaking of romantic eras such as Weimar Berlin (/wiki/Weimar_culture) , 1930s Shanghai (/wiki/History_of_Shanghai#Republic_of_China) , pre-code Hollywood (/wiki/Pre-code_Hollywood) , and Manhattan’s gilded Jazz Age (/wiki/Jazz_Age) . She owns Sue Wong Universe, based in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California. Early life [ edit ] Sue Wong was born in the remote countryside of southern China (/wiki/Southern_China) . [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) At age five, her mother bribed a border guard with her wedding jewels (/wiki/Wedding_ring) to allow their escape from Communist China (/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China) into Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . A year later, they reached Los Angeles, where they united with Wong's father who had moved to the United States (/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States) from China before she was born. [1] (#cite_note-Calvert-1) When she was nine years old, Wong made her first blouse with her mom's Singer sewing machine (/wiki/Singer_sewing_machine) from a scrap of fabric and some lace (/wiki/Lace) . In junior high (/wiki/Junior_high) and high school (/wiki/High_school) , Wong designed and sewed herself a dress for each weekly dance of the school year. Her senior prom (/wiki/Senior_prom) dress was her own creation as well, adorned with beads (/wiki/Beads) handsewn into the bodice (/wiki/Bodice) . [3] (#cite_note-About_interview-3) [ dead link ] Career [ edit ] Wong became an intern at Arpeja (/wiki/Arpeja) , a popular fashion-design label in the 1960s and '70s. [1] (#cite_note-Calvert-1) After a brief and failed attempt in 1970 to operate a boutique with her best friend in 1970, she returned to Arpeja in 1976 to become head designer of its Young Edwardian line. By 1977, she had taken the company's sales from $5US million to $50US million. [4] (#cite_note-Kalter-4) In 1979, Wong again attempted to establish her own business but was unsuccessful. She finally found success when she founded her own clothing line in 1984. [1] (#cite_note-Calvert-1) In 1999, she created Sue Wong Nocturne, an evening wear line. Her clothing has been worn by Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) , Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) , Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) , Jessica Biel (/wiki/Jessica_Biel) , Vanessa Minnillo (/wiki/Vanessa_Minnillo) , Kelly Osbourne (/wiki/Kelly_Osbourne) , Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , and other celebrities. [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) Personal life [ edit ] In her early 20s, Wong married artist and textile designer Ralph Homann and had two sons. After six and a half years of marriage, Homann and Wong divorced (/wiki/Divorce) , and she has remained unmarried. [1] (#cite_note-Calvert-1) In 2004, Wong bought The Cedars, a hilltop villa (/wiki/Villa) in Los Feliz (/wiki/Los_Feliz,_Los_Angeles) , originally built in 1926 for French film director and screenwriter Maurice Tourneur (/wiki/Maurice_Tourneur) . She spent two years restoring the mansion to its intended 1920s state. [5] (#cite_note-Morgan-5) [ dead link ] She has a collection of over 200 paintings (/wiki/Paintings) and sculptures (/wiki/Sculptures) . [6] (#cite_note-Haines-6) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Calvert, Kim (24 March 2014). "Sue Wong – Fashion, Beauty and Bliss" (http://singularcity.com/sue-wong-celebrity-fashion-designer/) . Singular Magazine . Retrieved 28 April 2014 . ^ a b FMD. "Sue Wong" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/sue-wong/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 28 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-About_interview_3-0) Howard, Justin. "Sue Wong, The Fashion Alchemist" (http://fashiondesigners.about.com/od/Couture-Fashion/a/Sue-Wong-The-Fashion-Alchemist.htm) . About Fashion Designers . About.com . Retrieved 28 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kalter_4-0) Kalter, Suzy (28 November 1977). "In the World of Sue Wong, the Dress Is Making a Comeback and That's No Pipe Dream" (https://people.com/archive/in-the-world-of-sue-wong-the-dress-is-making-a-comeback-and-thats-no-pipe-dream-vol-8-no-22) . People Magazine Archive . People Magazine . Retrieved 29 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Morgan_5-0) Morgan, Lynn (2007). "Hollywood Babylon Revisited" (http://www.antiquesandfineart.com/articles/article.cfm?request=802) . Antiques & Fine Art . Retrieved 29 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Haines_6-0) Haines, Reyne (7 March 2013). "Celebrity Collector: Sue Wong" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/reyne-haines/celebrity-collector-sue-w_b_2821166.html) . Huff Post Style . the Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved 29 April 2014 . 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New Zealand model Jessica Clarke Born Jessica Roimata Clarke ( 1993-04-29 ) 29 April 1993 (age 31) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) Modelling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Hair colour Light Brown Eye colour Blue Agency Why Not Model Management (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Management) (Milan) [1] (#cite_note-1) Jessica Roimata Clarke (born 1993) is a New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) model. She began professionally modelling at the age of 15, and by 17 had appeared on the catwalks of Milan, Paris, New York and London. Fresh to New York she was the Calvin Klein exclusive at NY fashion week SS/10 and continued to walk with the likes of Marc by Marc, Giorgio Armani, Mulberry, Salvatore Ferragamo, Emilio Pucci, Lanvin, Elie Saab, Sonia Rykiel and Dolce & Gabbana. She was shot by Mario Testino for D&G spring summer 2011 campaign. In 2011, she became the first New Zealander to model for Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , appearing in the brand's annual fashion show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) . [2] (#cite_note-S09-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Background [ edit ] Clarke who is now based in New York is originally from Palmerston North (/wiki/Palmerston_North) . She was a student at Palmerston North Girls' High School (/wiki/Palmerston_North_Girls%27_High_School) and won Miss Teen Manawatu (/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB-Whanganui) in 2009. [5] (#cite_note-5) She also played netball (/wiki/Netball) for her high school's senior team and was a Māori (/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people) representative player. [2] (#cite_note-S09-2) [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Jessica Clarke - Model" (https://models.com/models/jessica-clarke) . ^ a b From schoolgirl to covergirl (http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/1751983/From-schoolgirl-to-covergirl) Stuff.co.nz , 2 March 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-3) NZ's real top model (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10677830) New Zealand Herald , 3 October 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kiwi stars in Victoria's Secret show (http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/fashion/5945470/Kiwi-stars-in-Victorias-Secret-show) Stuff.co.nz , 10 November 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kerr stars, Kiwi debuts for Victoria's Secret (http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/fashion/5949581/Kerr-stars-Kiwi-debuts-for-Victorias-Secret) Stuff.co.nz , 11 November 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Locals to clash in Aussie (http://www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/sport/3637163/Locals-to-clash-in-Aussie) Manawatu Standard , 30 April 2011 External links [ edit ] Jessica Clarke (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/jessica_clarke/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Jessica Clarke (https://web.archive.org/web/20111002010042/http://www.clynemodels.com/portfolio.php?id=333) at Clyne Model Management Meet the New Girl (https://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/11/meet_the_new_girl_jessica_clar.html) an interview with Clarke at New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Clarke_(model)&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article related to New Zealand netball is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Mexican fashion brand Pineda Covalin Product type Fashion design Owner Cristina Pineda and Ricardo Covalín Produced by Cristina Pineda and Ricardo Covalín Country Mexico Introduced 1996 Website https://www.pinedacovalin.com (https://www.pinedacovalin.com) Pineda Covalin is a Mexican fashion design brand that works to promote Mexican culture on a national and international scale. The brand has been active for over 15 years since its creation. History [ edit ] Pineda Covalin was established in 1995 by Cristina Pineda (who has a bachelor in fabric design and masters in arts design) [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) and Ricardo Covalín (bachelor in industrial design) [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) in Mexico City. The company began manufacturing cufflinks and ties for firms like The Coca-Cola Company (/wiki/Coca-Cola) and Volkswagen (/wiki/Volkswagen) in order to finance their own fashion projects. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Their first handkerchief / silk scarf, was created and inspired by a trip Cristina Pineda made to Mérida, where she spent a month living in the Dzoncauich town. There she met Doña Celsa, a henequen dyer with whom she worked with to create the first designs for handbags and accessories. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) The firm was conceived under the idea of a "...a cultural rather than a fashion product." [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) Initially, Pineda Covalin sold their products in museums such as the National Museum of Anthropology (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Anthropology_(Mexico)) and the Palacio de Bellas Artes (/wiki/Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes) in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) . The brand's commercial success allowed it to start the distribution of their products in hotels. Their product line now includes ties, kerchiefs, handbags, cushions and other luxury items, inspired by indigenous populations such as the Huicholes (/wiki/Huichol_people) , Mayans (/wiki/Maya_peoples) and Zapotecs (/wiki/Zapotec_peoples) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Work and Inspiration [ edit ] Pineda Covalin's designs are inspired by elements of Mexican indigenous and contemporary art, as the brand works to portray the diversity of Mexico through its cultures. [5] (#cite_note-5) Their designs are characterized for having representations of cultural elements such as architecture, sculpture, painting, codices, gastronomy and people themselves. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Cristina Pineda states that the purpose of their designs is also to "create a bridge of communication among Latin America (countries)", as they invite consumers to know more about the culture through products that tell stories. [7] (#cite_note-7) Ricardo Covalín supports the statement, saying that these stories also belong to all the participants in the creation process, as well as the generations that have helped maintain techniques and traditions alive up to our days. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Their designs are product of an "interdisciplinary and creative" process, where designers, historians and anthropologists collaborate after analyzing tendencies in the industry and putting them together with their concepts and values. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Along with this, the brand makes use of higher quality materials (mainly silk) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) in order to portray Mexican culture with "subtlety and modernity," and position themselves among international brands. [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) Collaborations [ edit ] The brand has collaborated for more than 15 years with several artisan families in the country such the López family (from Arrazola, Oaxaca), the Juventino Díaz and family (from Xalitla, Guerrero) and the Carrillo brothers (from Real de Catorce, San Luis Potosí). [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Pineda Covalin has also collaborated with institutions and associations, as well as designers like Macario Jiménez and the Vladimirovich . [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) The brand also works with young designers, who each season are given a chance to become creative directors. Some of these include Daniel Andrade, Kris Goyri, Jorge Duque and Vanessa Guckel among others. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) Xico [ edit ] Xico is a project developed by Cristina Pineda that aims to motivate young artists to create. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Xico the Xoloitzcuintle (/wiki/Mexican_Hairless_Dog) (Mexican dog breed) is the mascot of the project, inspired by the Aztec (/wiki/Aztec) culture as representing a "loyal adventure partner and a symbol of national identity." [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) National and International Presence [ edit ] Distribution and Availability [ edit ] Already a nationally known brand in Mexico with over 40 outlets. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Pineda Covalin continues to expand with the opening of new boutiques in Soho, New York in addition to projects in Panama and Qatar. [10] (#cite_note-10) Awards and Participations [ edit ] Pineda Covalin has been the recipient of several awards since the turn of the century. The brand was awarded with the Silver Star Award in 2002 (Premio Estrella de Plata) by Fashion Group México. In 2005 Pineda Covalin was chosen to take part in the International Fashion Show in Europe and in 2006 the brand was an ambassador of Mexican fashion at the UN. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b Fomperosa, Mariana (11 April 2016). "Pineda Covalin, 20 años de folclore mexicano hecho moda" (http://www.milenio.com/tendencias/pineda_covalin-macario_jimenez-los_vladimirovich-fashion_week-moda_mexicana_0_717528427.html) . Retrieved 10 October 2016 – via Milenio. ^ a b c InnovaLatino: Impulsando la Innovación en América Latina . Madrid España: Fundación Telefónica. 2011. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-84-08-103-28-8 . ^ a b c d e f Poniatowska, Elena (11 September 2016). "Cuba recibe a Pineda Covalin en la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí" (http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2016/09/11/cultura/a03a1cul) . Retrieved 10 October 2016 – via La Jornada. ^ a b c "Pineda Covalín debutará en el NY Fashion Week" (http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2014/518413/6/pineda-covalin-debutara-en-el-ny-fashion-week.htm) . 17 March 2014 . Retrieved 10 October 2016 – via El Informador. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pineda, Cristina (1995). "Pineda Covalin" (http://www.cristinapineda.com/pineda-covalin-2/) . cristinapineda.com . Cristina Pineda . Retrieved 10 October 2016 . ^ a b Ávila, Samantha (1 December 2014). "Pineda Covalín, al rescate de la cultura popular mexicana" (https://www.forbes.com.mx/forbes-life/pineda-covalin-al-rescate-de-la-cultura-popular-mexicana/#gs.EhXnTWo) . Forbes . Retrieved 10 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Pineda Covalín inaugura sucursal en Panamá" (http://eleconomista.com.mx/industrias/2013/11/21/pineda-covalin-inaugura-sucursal-panama) . 21 November 2013 . Retrieved 10 October 2016 – via El Economista. ^ a b Arciniega, Cristian (16 April 2016). "Charlando con... Ricardo Covalín" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/de-ultima/2016/04/16/charlando-con-ricardo-covalin) . Retrieved 10 October 2016 – via El Universal. ^ (#cite_ref-:3_9-0) "PINEDA COVALIN" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160805122641/http://www.fashionweek.mx/disenadores/pineda-covalin/) . COLOüRS México . COLOüRS México. 2016. Archived from the original (https://www.fashionweek.mx/disenadores/pineda-covalin/) on 5 August 2016 . Retrieved 10 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) MX, FashionNetwork com. "Pineda Covalin viaja a Oriente Medio e inaugura su primera tienda en Qatar" (https://mx.fashionnetwork.com/news/pineda-covalin-viaja-a-oriente-medio-e-inaugura-su-primera-tienda-en-qatar,972027.html) . FashionNetwork.com (in Mexican Spanish) . Retrieved 2021-09-15 . 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Iranian architect and designer Keyvan Khosrovani Born Keyvan Khosrovani ( 1938-07-29 ) 29 July 1938 (age 85) Tehran (/wiki/Tehran) , Imperial State of Iran (/wiki/Imperial_State_of_Iran) Nationality Iranian (/wiki/Iranian_peoples) - French (/wiki/French_people) Alma mater Beaux-Arts de Paris (/wiki/Beaux-Arts_de_Paris) University of Tehran (/wiki/University_of_Tehran) Occupation Architect Buildings Inn of Nain Villa Farmanieh Kanoon Library Projects Royal Haute Couture Collection Preservation of Oudlajan Keyvan Khosrovani ( Persian (/wiki/Persian_language) : کیوان خسروانی , born July 29, 1938) is an Iranian architect (/wiki/Architect) and designer based in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France. [1] (#cite_note-1) Born in Tehran in 1938, he was educated in Iran, France, and Italy. He left his homeland a year before the Islamic revolution as an exile for life and was granted French citizenship. He has contributed to the tradition, innovation and continuity of Persian architecture and crafts. Inn of Nain (/wiki/Nain,_Iran) or "Mehmansaray Nayin" ( Persian (/wiki/Persian_language) : مهمانسرای نایین ) the hotel and guesthouse he designed in 1967 remains his manifesto; it is undoubtedly his most enduring project representing his belief that new architecture can be both respectful of the past while propagating new ideas for changing lifestyles. [2] (#cite_note-2) For thirteen years he was the pro bono (/wiki/Pro_bono) designer of Empress Farah Pahlavi (/wiki/Farah_Pahlavi) 's official wardrobe creating a royal haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) . His practice of high fashion design and his style simultaneously promoted and innovated Persian crafts (/wiki/Iranian_art) . [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Keyvan Khosrovani" (http://www.caoi.ir/en/component/k2/item/557-keyvan-khosrovani.html) . www.caoi.ir . Contemporary Architects of Iran. Itemid:0. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Inn of Nain" (http://www.caoi.ir/en/projects/item/167-inn-of-nain.html) . www.caoi.ir . Contemporary Architecture of Iran. ^ (#cite_ref-3) CHRISTY, MARIAN (27 June 1976). "Iranian Designer Carries Out His Vision" (https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/44002795/) . The Salina Journal . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.keyvankhosrovani.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐775d6744cc‐ccsh2 Cached time: 20240711084453 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.370 seconds Real time usage: 0.475 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1891/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14027/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2189/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14337/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.293/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19598442/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 453.100 1 -total 36.15% 163.792 1 Template:Infobox_architect 22.02% 99.756 2 Template:Lang-fa 21.67% 98.185 1 Template:Reflist 17.83% 80.801 2 Template:Cite_web 13.86% 62.799 1 Template:Short_description 8.12% 36.779 2 Template:Pagetype 7.79% 35.306 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 6.98% 31.639 1 Template:Infobox 6.73% 30.508 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44359212-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711084453 and revision id 1229083605. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keyvan_Khosrovani&oldid=1229083605 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keyvan_Khosrovani&oldid=1229083605) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Iranian architects (/wiki/Category:Iranian_architects) Iranian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Iranian_fashion_designers) 1938 births (/wiki/Category:1938_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles containing Persian-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia)
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Fashion trend Queen Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) , an inspiration of this aesthetic Coquette aesthetic is a 2020s fashion trend that is characterized by a mix of sweet, romantic, and sometimes playful elements and focuses on femininity (/wiki/Femininity) through the use of clothes with lace (/wiki/Lace) , flounces, pastel (/wiki/Pastel_(color)) colors, and bows (/wiki/Ribbon) , often draws inspiration from historical periods like the Victorian era and the 1950s, with a modern twist. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Significance and history [ edit ] The word comes from the French word coquette , meaning flirtatious. The aesthetic gained popularity on Tumblr in the early 2020s [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) and TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) around 2022, [3] (#cite_note-3) but has roots in earlier feminine fashion trends, including Japanese Lolita fashion (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) , often compared to other aesthetics such as Balletcore (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion#Balletcore) , Cottagecore (/wiki/Cottagecore) , and Princesscore. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) This aesthetic has been characterized as both a way to relive and express creativity through childhood fantasies, and a way to "fully escape into...femininity without feeling guilty about it," while ultimately being "self-aware and playful". [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) It allows strong women can also see themselves as feminine, delicate and innocent, moving away from the previous stereotype (/wiki/Stereotype) that female empowerment leads to masculinization. Simultaneously, the coquette aesthetic seeks to defend femininity without sexualization, and to celebrate things that were once a source of ridicule or demonized. Just as it happened in later times to the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) , when society condemned maximalism and the exaltation of the feminine clothing of Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) to move on to silhouettes closer to men's fashion, the same thing happens with the coquette aesthetic, that moves away from the power suit (/wiki/Power_suit_(clothing)) of the 1980s [5] (#cite_note-5) and the newest aesthetics of oversize, tomboy core and military core . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Criticism [ edit ] The coquette aesthetic has been critiqued for reproducing damaging gender roles (/wiki/Gender_role) for women and for its potential appeal for the male gaze (/wiki/Male_gaze) . At the same time, the aesthetic primarily derives from "French culture and outdated notions of European femininity," [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) and online images related to this aesthetic almost always portray thin, light-skinned women, which can exclude women who have less hegemonic characteristics. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Other criticisms of the coquette aesthetic have also drawn upon similar stances that criticizers of the Lolita fashion subculture and the Lolicon (/wiki/Lolicon) media genre have made, which have stated that the coquette aesthetic as a product of its inspirations and style could result suggestive and problematic in regard to pedophiles (/wiki/Pedophilia) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Defenders of the aesthetic affirm that the use of bun, laces and pink-colored clothing should not assume a revictimization for women and these aesthetics are not responsible for misogynistic (/wiki/Machismo) aggressions. [7] (#cite_note-7) Similarly, there are people who consider that these aesthetics can be understood from a disruptive non- heteronormative (/wiki/Heteronormativity) interpretation. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Inspirations [ edit ] Among admirers of the coquette aesthetic, inspirations include Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_era) , Regency (/wiki/Regency_era) , and Rococo (/wiki/Rococo) fashion and aesthetics. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Pieces of media that serve as inspiration include the novels of Jane Austen (/wiki/Jane_Austen) and the Brontë Sisters (/wiki/The_Bront%C3%AB_sisters) , Vladimir Nabokov (/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov) 's Lolita (/wiki/Lolita) , Sofia Coppola (/wiki/Sofia_Coppola) 's 2006 film Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_(2006_film)) , [8] (#cite_note-8) Netflix's Bridgerton (/wiki/Bridgerton) , [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) and 2023's Barbie . [9] (#cite_note-9) The American singer Lana Del Rey (/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey) is also considered as an icon of this aesthetic. [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] Balletcore (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion#Balletcore) Dolly Kei (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion#Dolly_Kei) Fairycore (/wiki/Internet_aesthetic#Fairycore) Lolita fashion (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) Regencycore (/wiki/Regencycore) Soft Girl (/wiki/Soft_Girl) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "¿Qué es el estilo coquette?" (https://www.lanacion.com.ar/salud/mente/que-es-el-estilo-coquette-nid19012024/) . LA NACION (in Spanish). 2024-01-19 . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sandhar, Jasmine (2024-02-04). "Coquette: Why the TikTok trend is more than just cute bows" (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-68055142) . BBC . Retrieved 2024-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Lores, Alexandra (2022-03-21). "Coquette Aesthetic: la tendencia que arrasa en TikTok y que mezcla evasión, historicismo y feminidad impostada" (https://www.vogue.es/moda/articulos/coquette-aesthetic-tendencia-tiktok) . Vogue . Retrieved 2024-02-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kumamoto, Ian (2024-02-02). "Gen Z has fallen in love with the coquette aesthetic but it's not all ribbons and bows" (https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/gen-z-has-fallen-in-love-with-the-coquette-aesthetic-but-its-not-all-ribbons-and-bows-020224) . Time Out New York . Retrieved 2024-02-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Importance of the 1980s Power Suit" (https://www.per-spex.com/articles/2019/3/17/the-importance-of-the-1980s-power-suit) . PERSPEX . 2019-03-18 . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Roman, Iustina (2022-01-20). "The Dark Side Of Coquette" (https://cherwell.org/2022/01/20/the-dark-side-of-coquette/) . Cherwell . Retrieved 2024-01-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) María, Ita (2024-01-20). "COQUETTE: hiperfeminidad, infantilización, culpas y prejuicios" (https://volcanicas.com/coquette-hiperfeminidad-infantilizacion-culpas-y-prejuicios/) . Volcánicas (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2024-01-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "¿Qué significa "Coquette"? Estilo y memes de la nueva moda en tendencia" (https://www.marca.com/mx/trending/2024/01/18/65a8becf268e3ea33e8b45a2.html) . Marca México (in Mexican Spanish). 2024-01-18 . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Garcia, Luz (2024-01-17). "¿Qué significa Coquette y cómo llevar la tendencia de los moños rosas?: La guía Vogue" (https://www.vogue.mx/articulo/coquette-aesthetic) . Vogue (in Mexican Spanish) . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "¿Qué es coquette, la moda que 'amenaza' a la aesthetic?" (https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/entretenimiento/2024/01/17/que-es-coquette/) . El Financiero (in Spanish). 2024-01-17 . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . 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Consumer retail company Deckers Outdoor Corporation Headquarters in Goleta, California (/wiki/Goleta,_California) Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) NYSE (/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange) : DECK (https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:DECK) S&P 500 (/wiki/S%26P_500) component Founded 1973 ; 51 years ago ( 1973 ) Founders Karl F. Lopker (/wiki/Karl_F._Lopker) Doug Otto (/wiki/Doug_Otto) Headquarters Goleta, California (/wiki/Goleta,_California) , U.S. 34°25′47″N 119°51′43″W / 34.4296°N 119.86202°W / 34.4296; -119.86202 Number of locations 164 (2024) Area served Worldwide Key people Michael Devine III (Chairman) Dave Powers (CEO) Products Footwear, apparel, and accessories Revenue US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 4.29 billion (2024) Operating income (/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes) US$928 million (2024) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) US$760 million (2024) Total assets (/wiki/Asset) US$3.14 billion (2024) Total equity (/wiki/Equity_(finance)) US$2.11 billion (2024) Number of employees ≈ 4,800 (2024) Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) Hoka One One (/wiki/Hoka_One_One) Koolaburra Sanuk Teva UGG (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) Website deckers (https://deckers.com) .com (https://deckers.com) Footnotes / references Financials as of March 31, 2024 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deckers_Brands&action=edit) . [1] (#cite_note-2024_10-K-1) Deckers Outdoor Corporation , doing business as (/wiki/Trade_name) Deckers Brands , is a footwear (/wiki/Footwear) designer and distributor based in Goleta, California (/wiki/Goleta,_California) , United States. It was founded in 1973 by University of California, Santa Barbara (/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara) alumni Doug Otto (/wiki/Doug_Otto) and Karl F. Lopker (/wiki/Karl_F._Lopker) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1975, the company was incorporated in California under the name Deckers Corporation. In October 1993, Deckers initiated a public offering of stock in its company. Deckers' portfolio of brands includes UGG (/wiki/UGG_Australia) , Teva, Sanuk, Hoka One One (/wiki/Hoka_One_One) and Koolaburra. History [ edit ] In 1973, Karl Lopker began his career making and selling flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) at craft fairs along the West Coast of the United States (/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States) . In 1975, Doug Otto visited Hawaii (/wiki/Hawaii) on business and found that locals referred to his sandals as "deckas", a slang word based on their striped layered construction that resembled a "deck" of stacked wood. Liking the name, Lopker and Otto named their brand (/wiki/Brand) Deckers. [5] (#cite_note-DOC-5) In 1985, Deckers expanded its range of sandals when it entered into a licensing agreement to produce and distribute Teva sandals. Deckers purchased Teva's patents, trademarks, and other assets in 2002. [6] (#cite_note-8-K_2002-6) The company was renamed Deckers Outdoor Corporation when it went public on the NASDAQ (/wiki/NASDAQ) in 1993, and Deckers purchased Simple Shoes (/wiki/Simple_Shoes) . In 1995, Deckers purchased UGG Holdings (/wiki/UGG_Australia) . UGG boots became well known after they were included on The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) ' s Favorite Things segment in 2003. In 2010, Deckers acquired MOZO Shoes, a brand that produced footwear for the culinary industry (/wiki/Culinary_art) . The following year, Deckers acquired Sanuk shoes. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2013, Deckers acquired Hoka One One (/wiki/Hoka_One_One) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2015, Deckers acquired Koolaburra and positioned it under its UGG brand. [9] (#cite_note-Ahssen-2015-9) Brands [ edit ] UGG [ edit ] Main article: UGG (brand) (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) A pair of UGG boots UGG brand boots have a sheepskin upper with a wool inner lining and a tanned (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) outer surface worn by men and women. Surfing (/wiki/Surfing) helped popularize the boots outside of Australia and New Zealand, when surfer Brian Smith started selling the boots in the US through UGG Holdings, Inc. in 1979. [10] (#cite_note-Marks2004-02-17-10) Deckers is considered a niche market (/wiki/Niche_market) supplier due to heavy reliance on its UGG brand, a fashion luxury item, in its sales. In the economic downturn of 2008, Deckers continued to show earnings and sales growth. [11] (#cite_note-11) UGG boots are Deckers' primary source of revenue. [1] (#cite_note-2024_10-K-1) Hoka [ edit ] Main article: Hoka One One (/wiki/Hoka_One_One) Hoka is a sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) company that designs and markets running shoes (/wiki/Running_shoe) . It was founded in 2009 in Annecy, France (/wiki/Annecy) , and had been based in Richmond, California (/wiki/Richmond,_California) before it was acquired by Deckers Brands in 2013. Hoka first gained attention in the running industry by producing shoes with oversized midsoles (/wiki/Midsole) , dubbed "maximalist" shoes. It has sponsored a variety of professional runners and running competitions. Teva [ edit ] Teva Founded 1984 ; 40 years ago ( 1984 ) Founder Mark Thatcher Products Footwear and accessories Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Deckers Brands Website teva.com (https://www.teva.com/) Geophysicist (/wiki/Geophysics) Mark Thatcher invented Teva ( Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : טבע , pronounced "teh-vah" not "tee-vah," Hebrew for "nature" [12] (#cite_note-12) ). While working as a rafting (/wiki/Rafting) guide in 1982 he noticed the lack of proper shoes for river activities. Sneakers would become heavy when wet and would take days to dry, and flip-flops (/wiki/Thong_sandals) would slide off feet very easily. A pair of Teva sandals Thatcher added a nylon (/wiki/Nylon) ankle strap to a traditional thong-style sandal, thus creating the first sports sandal. Thatcher patented his invention and signed an agreement with the shoemaker California Pacific to manufacture the shoes, while he marketed the "amphibious utility sandals" as their salesman, selling 200 pairs the first year. Although it was effective water sports footwear, it proved less effective for regular sports, as the first Teva users often complained of blisters between the first and second toes caused by the thong-style strapping system. However, in 1984 a sudden high demand of Teva sandals arose as young Americans found the sandal fashionable. California Pacific then claimed rights over the Teva name and patent, stating that Thatcher was merely an employee of their company. Thatcher sued California Pacific and won his case the following year, severing links with California Pacific. He then started the Teva company in Flagstaff, Arizona (/wiki/Flagstaff,_Arizona) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In late 1985, Thatcher set up an exclusive licensing agreement with Deckers Corporation to manufacture and distribute Teva sandals. Deckers eventually obtained exclusive rights to Teva, including US patent #4,793,075 for the basic design and a trademark for the brand name. The sandal was redesigned, creating the "Universal Strapping System". The strapping system includes a heel strap that goes around the ankle to prevent the sandal from sliding off, and a side strap that prevents the sandal from stretching in awkward positions where injury could occur. Each strap is connected to the others by triangular "rings". The basic model consists of a two-layer sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) ; the inner sole is softer and serves as the footbed, and most models come with arch support and Microban Zinc, a technology that reduces odor and kills bacteria. The outer sole is harder and is formulated to have a good grip on wet surfaces. [ citation needed ] On November 25, 2002, Deckers Outdoor Cooperation acquired the worldwide Teva patents, trademarks, and other assets from Mark Thatcher. [6] (#cite_note-8-K_2002-6) Sanuk [ edit ] Sanuk , a sandal (/wiki/Sandal) brand based in Southern California (/wiki/Southern_California) , was founded in 1997 and acquired by Deckers in 2011 for $120 million. [14] (#cite_note-14) Sanuk (/wiki/Sanuk_(Thai_word)) is the Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) word for fun. [15] (#cite_note-15) Founder Jeff Kelley, a Southern California native, started by making sandals out of indoor-outdoor carpet (/wiki/Carpet) and inner tubes. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2010, Sanuk's "Yoga Mat Sandal" was awarded SIMA's "Footwear Product of the Year". [17] (#cite_note-17) Koolaburra [ edit ] Koolaburra is an American importer of sheepskin footwear founded in 1991. [18] (#cite_note-UPI-18) Originally based in Santa Barbara, California, Koolaburra boots and shoes are currently made in Vietnam, and in the past have been made in Australia, Spain, Portugal, and China. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2005, it lost a lawsuit with Deckers Outdoor Corporation about the use of the term "ug" in reference to Australian sheepskin boots. Deckers Brands acquired Koolaburra in 2015 and positioned it under its UGG brand. [9] (#cite_note-Ahssen-2015-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "FY 2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K)" (https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/910521/000091052124000017/deck-20240331.htm) . U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. May 24, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Leff, Lisa (February 16, 1997). "Money, Fame And Family" (http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-16/magazine/tm-29123_1_pam-lopker/3) . The Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Stewart, Ethan (December 8, 2011). "Diamonds on the Soles of Their Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141021172659/http://www.independent.com/news/2011/dec/08/diamonds-soles-their-shoes/) . The Independent . Archived from the original (http://www.independent.com/news/2011/dec/08/diamonds-soles-their-shoes/) on October 21, 2014 . Retrieved October 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Olsen, Patricia R. (January 23, 2010). "The Joy of a Family Shop" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/24/jobs/24boss.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved October 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-DOC_5-0) "Company History" (http://www.deckers.com/company/history) . Deckers Outdoor Corporation . Retrieved April 14, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Deckers Outdoor Corporation Form 8-K/A" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/910521/000095014803000216/v87441a1e8vkza.htm) . U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission) . Retrieved May 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Deckers Outdoor to Acquire Sanuk; Valuation Set at More than 3X Sales | SGB Media Online" (https://sgbonline.com/deckers-outdoor-to-acquire-sanuk-valuation-set-at-more-than-3x-sales/) . sgbonline.com . May 23, 2011 . Retrieved June 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Deckers Acquires Hoka One One Shoes" (https://www.runnersworld.com/gear/a20843873/deckers-acquires-hoka-one-one-shoes/) . Runner's World . April 2, 2013 . Retrieved June 24, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ahssen, Sarah (June 1, 2015). "Deckers strengthens brand portfolio with Koolaburra" (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/deckers-strengthens-brand-portfolio-with-koolaburra,536191.html) . Fashion Network . Retrieved June 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Marks2004-02-17_10-0) Marks, Kathy (February 17, 2004). "There's no business like shoe business" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081205234128/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/theres-no-business-like-shoe-business-570211.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . London (/wiki/London) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/theres-no-business-like-shoe-business-570211.html) on December 5, 2008 . Retrieved November 17, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Will Triple-Digit Earnings Growth Push Deckers Outdoor into Higher Ground? - Investors.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141018011430/http://education.investors.com/daily-stock-analysis/092010-547767-will-triple-digit-earnings-growth-push-deckers-outdoor-into-higher-ground-.aspx) . Archived from the original (http://education.investors.com/daily-stock-analysis/092010-547767-will-triple-digit-earnings-growth-push-deckers-outdoor-into-higher-ground-.aspx) on October 18, 2014 . Retrieved October 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Teva History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110312232030/http://www.deckers.com/brands/teva/about.php) . Deckers. Archived from the original (http://www.deckers.com/brands/teva/about.php) on March 12, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Inventor of the Week: Archive" (https://web.archive.org/web/20030302053034/http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/thatcher.html) . MIT. August 1998. Archived from the original (http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/thatcher.html) on March 2, 2003 . Retrieved March 28, 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Sanuk founder on sandals success and growing your business" (https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-entrepreneur-put-best-foot-forward-2011sep12-htmlstory.html) . San Diego Union-Tribune . September 12, 2011 . Retrieved November 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Thai Culture in Language" (http://thaiarc.tu.ac.th/thai/peansiri.htm#sanuk) . thaiarc.tu.ac.th . Retrieved September 16, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Happy Pursuits: Sanuk In Manila" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140102190826/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/you/super/view/20080215-119175/Happy-Pursuits-Sanuk-In-Manila) . INQUIRER.net . Archived from the original (http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/you/super/view/20080215-119175/Happy-Pursuits-Sanuk-In-Manila) on January 2, 2014 . Retrieved April 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "SIMA Image Awards" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160402012402/http://simaimageawards.com/pastwinners.html) . April 2, 2016. Archived from the original (http://simaimageawards.com/pastwinners.html) on April 2, 2016 . Retrieved October 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-UPI_18-0) "Deckers Earnings: Hoka Sales Up 90% in Third Quarter, Ugg Slides Slightly" (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160907006904/en/Koolaburra-by-UGG-Officially-Launches-with-Collection-of-Carefree-Casuals) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) http://www.koolaburra.com/faq.html#A26 (http://www.koolaburra.com/faq.html#A26) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.deckers.com/) Business data for Deckers Outdoor: Bloomberg (https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/DECK:US) Google (https://www.google.com/finance/quote/DECK:NYSE) Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/DECK.N) SEC filings (https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=910521) Yahoo! 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Submission declined on 11 February 2024 by BuySomeApples (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BuySomeApples) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:BuySomeApples) ). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Point6%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Point6%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Point6%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Point6%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Point6%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Point6%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Point6%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Point6%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Point6) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Point6&defaults=y) Declined by BuySomeApples (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BuySomeApples) 5 months ago. Last edited by WereSpielChequers (/wiki/User:WereSpielChequers) 4 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2601:285:8281:4390:99D5:C909:69B8:F65B&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 27 January 2024 by Johannes Maximilian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Johannes_Maximilian) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Johannes_Maximilian) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . 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American textile manufacturing company based in Steamboat Springs, Colorado Point6 Logo of Point6 Company type Corporation Industry Textile Manufacturing Founded 2008 ; 16 years ago ( 2008 ) Founders Peter Duke (/w/index.php?title=Peter_Duke&action=edit&redlink=1) , Patty Duke Headquarters Steamboat Springs (/wiki/Steamboat_Springs,_Colorado) , Colorado (/wiki/Colorado) , U.S. (/wiki/United_States) Number of locations Rossville (/wiki/Rossville,_Georgia) , Georgia (/wiki/Georgia) , U.S. (/wiki/United_States) Area served Worldwide Products Merino Wool socks and clothing Number of employees 11-50 (2024) Website www (http://www.point6.com) .point6 (http://www.point6.com) .com (http://www.point6.com) Point6 is an American clothing company. Founded in 2008 in Steamboat Springs (/wiki/Steamboat_Springs,_Colorado) , Colorado by Peter Duke and Patty Duke (founders of Smartwool (/wiki/Smartwool) ), Point6 is a family-owned company that sells products mainly online. [1] (#cite_note-Crunchbase-1) Most recently, Point6 was named to lists of Best Ski Socks of 2023 and Best Hiking Socks for 2024. [2] (#cite_note-CNN-2) [3] (#cite_note-OutdoorLife-3) Overview [ edit ] The company makes socks (/wiki/Socks) and apparel (/wiki/Apparel) primarily from merino (/wiki/Merino) wool imported from New Zealand and a compact spinning process that remove air from between the merino fibers, creating a soft and durable yarn. [4] (#cite_note-Stuff-4) [5] (#cite_note-Point6-5) [6] (#cite_note-SBGonline-6) The history of Point6 goes back to 1986, when Patty and Peter Duke began making hats and socks for their friends. In 1994, the husband-and-wife team introduced merino wool to the world as founders of Smartwool (/wiki/Smartwool) [7] (#cite_note-SFGate-7) . In 2003, the Dukes sold their interest in Smartwool to RAF Industries. [6] (#cite_note-SBGonline-6) Five years later upon the expiration of the couple's non-compete agreement, the Dukes founded Point6. [6] (#cite_note-SBGonline-6) Point6's products have been featured in numerous publications for their comfort, durability and performance: OutdoorLife (2024), CNN (2023), Steamboat Magazine (2023 [8] (#cite_note-Steamboat_Magazine-8) ), Thrillist (2023 [9] (#cite_note-Thrillist-9) ) Gear Junky (2020 [10] (#cite_note-Gear_Junky-10) ), 5280 Magazine (2023 [11] (#cite_note-5280_Magazine-11) , 2019 [11] (#cite_note-5280_Magazine-11) ), Men's Journal (2023 [12] (#cite_note-Men's_Journal-12) ). Point6 has partnerships in place with and donates a portion of its proceeds to the Appalachian Trail Conservancy, Continental Divide Coalition, Friends of the Colorado Avalanche Information Center (FoCAIC), National Forest Foundation and other regional and national organizations. [13] (#cite_note-FoCAIC-13) [5] (#cite_note-Point6-5) See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Crunchbase_1-0) Crunchbase, Organization: Point6 (https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/point6) , Crunchbase. Retrieved January 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-CNN_2-0) Mattie Schuler, The best ski socks of 2023, according to pro skiers (https://www.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/reviews/best-ski-socks) , CNN, January 24, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-OutdoorLife_3-0) Laura Lancaster, Best Hiking Socks for 2024 (https://www.outdoorlife.com/gear/best-hiking-socks/) , OutdoorLife, January 24, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-Stuff_4-0) Stuff, Ski-loving Dukes take merino business off-piste into fresh glove territory (https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/agribusiness/79552150/skiloving-dukes-take-merino-business-offpiste-into-fresh-glove-territory) , Stuff, Tim Cronshaw, May 4, 2016. ^ a b Point6, Why Point6 Merino is Different (https://point6.com/pages/why-point6-merino-is-different) , Point6, Unknown. ^ a b c SBGonline staff, SmartWool Founders Bypass Dealers with Point6 (https://sgbonline.com/smartwool-founders-bypass-dealers-with-point6/) , SBGonline, June 24, 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-SFGate_7-0) Paul McHugh, Once mighty wool makes comeback in outdoor gear (https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/once-mighty-wool-makes-comeback-in-outdoor-gear-2545565.php) , SFGate, November 23, 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-Steamboat_Magazine_8-0) Steamboat Magazine, Holiday Gift Guide #2 (https://www.steamboatmagazine.com/2023/11/20/472566/holiday-gift-guide-2) , Ski Town Media staff, November 20, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-Thrillist_9-0) Thrillist, The Best Gifts for Hikers, According to Very Experienced Hikers (https://www.thrillist.com/shopping/nation/best-gifts-for-hikers) , Alex Robinson, November 27, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-Gear_Junky_10-0) Gear Junky, The Best Wool Socks According to Experts (https://gearjunkie.com/apparel/best-wool-socks-experts) , Morgan Tilton, January 23, 2020. ^ a b 5280 Magazine, The 10 Best Colorado Gifts for Cyclists (https://www.5280.com/best-colorado-gifts-for-cyclists/) , Nicholas Hunt, November 16, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-Men's_Journal_12-0) Men's Journal, Stay Warm This Winter With These 5 Merino Wool Layers (https://www.mensjournal.com/pursuits/adventure-travel/best-merino-wool-layers) , Dalton Johnson, October 31, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-FoCAIC_13-0) FoCAIC staff, Friends of CAIC Partners (https://support.friendsofcaic.org/pages/sponsors) , Friends of CAIC. 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Australian men's underwear brand This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2wink&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( June 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) 2wink Australia Company type Private Industry Fashion Founded 2005 Founder Mark Turner, Eddie Jones. Headquarters Perth , Australia Area served Worldwide Products Men's underwear (/wiki/Underwear) Website 2wink.com.au (http://www.2wink.com.au/) 2wink Australia is an Australian men's underwear and swimwear apparel brand based in Perth, Western Australia. The apparel is sold in 30 countries. History [ edit ] 2wink Australia was founded by friends Eddie Jones and Mark Turner in 2005, after being disappointed with other brands of underwear that were expensive and didn't hold up well. [1] (#cite_note-1) The name 2wink was created from the concept of "winking" one's eye. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2010, Carl McNeill officially bought out Eddie Jones's interest in the company. [3] (#cite_note-3) Since beginning the company with A$ (/wiki/Australian_dollar) 30,000 in 2005, 2wink Australia has gone on to pull in over A$ (/wiki/Australian_dollar) 2 million in 2009, delivering to over 30 countries (including Australia, France, Italy, USA, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Singapore and Japan), and creates 80,000 pairs of underwear per annum. The company expects to double its sales as export opportunities become available to the business. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2009, the company made the strategic decision to transfer all of its manufacturing from China to Western Australia, after observing the uproar caused by Pacific Brands (/wiki/Pacific_Brands) , the maker of Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) , taking their manufacturing overseas. [5] (#cite_note-5) 2wink Australia released its first range of men's swimwear in 2011. [6] (#cite_note-racked-6) Products [ edit ] 2wink Australia has 10 different ranges of Australian-made underwear available, including Hung Downunder, 70s, 80s, walkabout, Sweet As! Candy, LOADED, LOADED Gen2, Mechanic, Predator, Rage, and previous ranges, including The Tanga, Longbox, Glovebox, Minibox, Hot Angel, [7] (#cite_note-7) Cool Devil [8] (#cite_note-8) and Space Cadet. [9] (#cite_note-9) The brand is also developing additional new ranges. Some of the brand's variations include Graffiti Longbox, Graffiti Glovebox, Graffiti Minibox, Longbox Split and Loaded Gen2 in cherry and white. The company is particularly well known for its LOADED range, which features an inside secret pouch to hide a condom (/wiki/Condom) , promoting safe-sex (/wiki/Safe-sex) practices between individuals. [10] (#cite_note-10) 2wink Australia is also known for its uniquely themed underwear ranges, or collections, most of the time related specifically to elements of the design of the waistband. The 'walkabout' range was designed by an Aboriginal designer, and the brand's newest swim wear ranges are named after five of the best known Australian actors, Russell Crowe, Hugh Jackman, Heath Ledger, Ryan Kwanten and Sam Worthington. [6] (#cite_note-racked-6) Operations [ edit ] The company is headquartered in Dianella (/wiki/Dianella,_Western_Australia) , a suburb of Perth (/wiki/Perth) , although all of its products are made in China. See also [ edit ] Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) List of swimwear brands (/wiki/List_of_swimwear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Take a Wink at the Founder of 2wink" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170113015446/http://www.mensfashionbyfrancesco.com/2010/03/take-wink-at-founder-of-2wink.html) . mensfashionbyfrancesco.com. 13 March 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.mensfashionbyfrancesco.com/2010/03/take-wink-at-founder-of-2wink.html) on 13 January 2017 . Retrieved 10 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Hottest Swim Suits This Year Are From Australia... 2 WINK" (http://bestgaypalmsprings.com/2012/01/25/the-hottest-swim-suits-this-year-are-from-australia-2-wink.aspx) . bestgaypalmsprings.com . 25 November 2012 . Retrieved 10 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Aussie beach bums – literally" (https://thewest.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-gossip/aussie-beach-bums---literally-ng-ya-166537) . The West Australian . 2 June 2011 . Retrieved 12 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "2wink Underwear Innovative Marketing Campaign" (http://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/selling-underwear-to-the-world--dianella-style-20100326-r2uh.html) . Watoday.com.au. 29 March 2010 . Retrieved 9 November 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Men's Fashion" (http://www.7perth.com.au/view/today-tonight-articles/mens-fashion) . 7perth.com.au . Retrieved 9 November 2010 . ^ a b "2wink's Carl McNeill Tells Us What Men Want in a Swimsuit" (http://la.racked.com/2012/3/21/7732067/spring-is-herewhich-means-were) . racked.com . 21 March 2012 . Retrieved 10 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Guys' Underwear Blog. "2wink Hot Angel trunks – A review | Guys' Underwear Blog" (http://www.guysunderwearblog.com/underwear-reviews/2wink-hot-angel-trunks-a-review.html) . Guysunderwearblog.com . Retrieved 9 November 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Underwear of the Week: 2wink Cool Devil and Hot Angel | Underwear News Briefs – A Men's Underwear Blog" (http://underwearnewsbriefs.com/2009/10/underwear-of-the-week-2wink-cool-devil-and-hot-angel/) . Underwear News Briefs. 22 October 2009 . Retrieved 9 November 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Guys' Underwear Blog (10 May 2010). "2wink Space Cadet trunk – A review | Guys' Underwear Blog" (http://www.guysunderwearblog.com/underwear-reviews/2wink-space-cadet-trunk-a-review.html) . Guysunderwearblog.com . Retrieved 9 November 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Review 2wink Loaded Brief | Underwear News Briefs – A Men's Underwear Blog" (http://underwearnewsbriefs.com/2010/04/review-2wink-loaded-brief) . Underwear News Briefs. 6 April 2010 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2wink&oldid=1227032427 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2wink&oldid=1227032427) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of Australia (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Australia) Clothing companies established in 2005 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2005) Swimwear brands (/wiki/Category:Swimwear_brands) Underwear brands (/wiki/Category:Underwear_brands) Companies based in Perth, Western Australia (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Perth,_Western_Australia) Australian companies established in 2005 (/wiki/Category:Australian_companies_established_in_2005) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with a promotional tone from June 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_June_2024) All articles with a promotional tone (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone) Use Australian English from March 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_March_2024) All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English) Use dmy dates from April 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2023)
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For the plant genus, see Verticordia (/wiki/Verticordia) . Feather flowers are artificial flowers (/wiki/Artificial_flowers) created using feathers that are dyed, cut and shaped to resemble petals. Some artists are able to create very realistic looking flowers and leaves using feathers. History [ edit ] The art of creating feather flowers was mentioned as early as 1873 in a book called Art Recreations published by Shepard and Gill in Boston. [1] (#cite_note-1) Mythology [ edit ] The name of Xochiquetzal (/wiki/Xochiquetzal) , the Aztec (/wiki/Aztec) god of beauty, sexual love, and household arts, is translated from Nahuatl (/wiki/Nahuatl) as "Precious Feather Flower". [2] (#cite_note-2) See also [ edit ] Dinardi (/wiki/Dinardi) , stage magician famous for his performances with feather flowers References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) by L.B. Urbino; wi ...; et al. Art recreations . Open Library. OL (/wiki/OL_(identifier)) 23279072M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23279072M) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Xochiquetzal | Aztec deity" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650886/Xochiquetzal) . Britannica.com . Retrieved 2016-04-21 . External links [ edit ] Meerreeng-an Here Is My Country - Feather flowers (http://cv.vic.gov.au/stories/meerreeng-an-here-is-my-country/10770/feather-flowers/) from Culture Victoria (http://cv.vic.gov.au) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐cc4d5846f‐2ntkf Cached time: 20240627065142 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.152 seconds Real time usage: 0.195 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 170/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3616/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 79/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8275/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.104/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2692895/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 177.779 1 -total 75.55% 134.305 1 Template:Reflist 57.08% 101.484 1 Template:Cite_book 23.01% 40.912 1 Template:For 3.59% 6.384 1 Template:Main_other 3.52% 6.251 1 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33688984-0!canonical and timestamp 20240627065142 and revision id 1031410923. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feather_flowers&oldid=1031410923 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feather_flowers&oldid=1031410923) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Decorative arts (/wiki/Category:Decorative_arts) Indigenous culture (/wiki/Category:Indigenous_culture) Featherwork (/wiki/Category:Featherwork) Floristry (/wiki/Category:Floristry) Hidden category: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list)
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1982 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1982) 1983 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1983) 1984 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1984) 1985 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1985) 1986 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1986) 1987 1988 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1988) 1989 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1989) 1990 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1990) 1991 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1991) 1992 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1992) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7974fdbb48‐75mzt Cached time: 20240718082614 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.065 seconds Real time usage: 0.093 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.049/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933498/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 87.970 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 87.970 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53388239-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718082614 and revision id 974952619. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1987" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Aéropostale (company) (/wiki/A%C3%A9ropostale_(company)) Ashworth (clothing) (/wiki/Ashworth_(clothing)) C Charles David (company) (/wiki/Charles_David_(company)) Chip and Pepper (/wiki/Chip_and_Pepper) F Finta (/wiki/Finta) FSS (brand) (/wiki/FSS_(brand)) Fumarel (/wiki/Fumarel) J J. Peterman Company (/wiki/J._Peterman_Company) M Merooj (/wiki/Merooj) N Napapijri (/wiki/Napapijri) R Rykä (/wiki/Ryk%C3%A4) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1987&oldid=974952619 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1987&oldid=974952619) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) Design companies established in 1987 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1987) Manufacturing companies established in 1987 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1987) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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1940s-1960s American hair product Wildroot Cream-Oil is a men's hair tonic (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) sold in the United States from the 1940s to the 1960s by the Wildroot Hair Tonic Company based in Buffalo, New York (/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York) . [1] (#cite_note-Buffalo-1) Background [ edit ] The company first started selling Wildroot Hair Tonic in 1911. [1] (#cite_note-Buffalo-1) In the 1920s, the tonic was primarily marketed to women, with advertisements warning that bobbed hair (/wiki/Bob_cut) and tight hats would cause baldness, unless they used the Wildroot product. Wildroot started marketing the product to men in the 1930s. [2] (#cite_note-MSU-2) In 1937, the company was scolded by the Federal Trade Commission (/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission) for claiming that Wildroot Hair Tonic keeps the scalp "healthy", "penetrates" the sebaceous glands, cleans up dandruff "completely", and that the results were "guaranteed". [3] (#cite_note-3) The company's original tonic was alcohol (/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)) -based; alcohol became more scarce during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . In the early 40s, chemist Emanuel Gundlach invented a new alcohol-free formula. At first, Gundlach presented the Wildroot executives with a cream that came in a tube, but they rejected that formulation. Adding more water to the mix, the company bottled the product, and the new Wildroot Cream-Oil was a success. [4] (#cite_note-Gundlach-4) The product's main ingredient was lanolin (/wiki/Lanolin) , also known as wool grease, which is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of domestic sheep (/wiki/Sheep) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Wildroot Cream-Oil was first sold in 1943. [6] (#cite_note-6) In the 1950s, the product was associated with the greaser (/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)) subculture, teenage boys who slicked their hair down into a ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) style. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1951, the Wildroot Hair Tonic Company set up the Wildroot Foundation (now the Western New York Foundation), which provides funds for local organizations in Buffalo. [1] (#cite_note-Buffalo-1) The Wildroot company was sold to Colgate-Palmolive (/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive) in 1959 for $10.5 million. [1] (#cite_note-Buffalo-1) A "Wildroot Hair Groom" is still being marketed today by the Oakhurst Company. [8] (#cite_note-8) Promotion [ edit ] At the height of the product's popularity, the company advertised extensively in print, radio and television, claiming that Wildroot Cream-Oil is "again and again the choice of men who put good grooming first." [9] (#cite_note-Spade-9) In print ads, the company encouraged consumers to try "the Famous Finger Nail Test": "Scratch your head and see if you find dryness or loose, ugly dandruff. If so, you need the new Wildroot Cream-Oil formula." [10] (#cite_note-10) The company's commercial jingle, "Wildroot Charlie", suggested: [11] (#cite_note-11) Get Wildroot Cream Oil, Charlie It keeps your hair in trim. You see, it's nonalcoholic, Charlie; It's made with soothin' lanolin... Wildroot's many radio sponsorships included The Adventures of Sam Spade (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sam_Spade) (1946–50). When Sam Spade star Howard Duff (/wiki/Howard_Duff) and creator Dashiell Hammett (/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett) were listed in the anti-Communist tract Red Channels (/wiki/Red_Channels) , Wildroot was unhappy with the names being associated with the show. Sam Spade was removed from the air in 1950, and replaced with a more Wildroot-friendly title, Charlie Wild, Private Detective (/wiki/Charlie_Wild,_Private_Detective_(radio_program)) , which ran from September 1950 to July 1951. [12] (#cite_note-12) Other radio sponsorships included The Woody Herman Show (/wiki/Woody_Herman) (1945–46), The King Cole Trio (/wiki/Nat_King_Cole) (1946–48), The FBI in Peace and War (/wiki/The_FBI_in_Peace_and_War) (1951–52), The Shadow (/wiki/The_Shadow) (1952–53) and Twenty Questions (/wiki/Twenty_Questions) (1952–53). [13] (#cite_note-13) Television sponsorships included The Adventures of Robin Hood (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Robin_Hood_(TV_series)) (1956) [14] (#cite_note-14) and Perry Mason (/wiki/Perry_Mason_(1957_TV_series)) . [15] (#cite_note-15) In the 1950s, Al Capp (/wiki/Al_Capp) 's comic strip (/wiki/Comic_strip) hero Fearless Fosdick (/wiki/Fearless_Fosdick) (a spoof of Dick Tracy (/wiki/Dick_Tracy) ) endorsed Wildroot Cream-Oil in a popular series of print advertisements, presented in comic strip form. [16] (#cite_note-16) In the ads, Fosdick battled his nemesis Anyface, a murderous scoundrel who could mold his pliable face into any form of disguise. Fosdick always recognized the villain, however, because of his telltale dandruff. At the end of the ad, Fosdick encouraged readers to "Get Wildroot Cream-Oil, Charlie!" [17] (#cite_note-17) The character was also featured on promotional tin signs displayed at barber shops. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Wildroot Hair Tonic Factory" (http://www.forgottenbuffalo.com/forgottenbuffalolost/wildrootfactory.html) . Forgotten Buffalo . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-MSU_2-0) Isa, Mari (October 17, 2017). "Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow: Hair Care Products from the East Lansing Dump" (http://campusarch.msu.edu/?p=5564) . MSU Campus Archeology Program . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Federal Trade Commission Decisions, Volume 25 . 1939. p. 1593 . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gundlach_4-0) Owen, David (2004). Copies in Seconds: How a Lone Inventor and an Unknown Company Created the Biggest Communication Breakthrough Since Gutenberg . Simon & Schuster. p. 162. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0743251174 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kovalchik, Kara (July 11, 2014). "11 Retro Grooming Products That Kept Dads Looking Dapper" (https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/57759/11-products-kept-dad-looking-dapper) . Mental Floss . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "New! Wildroot Cream-Oil Formula! (advertisement)". National Association of Retail Druggists Journal . 65 : 511. 1943. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Buckley, Christopher (2001). "Last Days of the Hot-Rod Kids" (https://books.google.com/books?id=Oc0o_KiPgrQC&dq=%22wildroot+cream-oil%22&pg=PA30) . Star Apocrypha . Triquarterly Books. p. 30. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810151130 . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Wildroot Hair Groom" (https://oakhurstco.com/products/wildroot-hair-groom) . Oakhurst Company . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Spade_9-0) Grams, Martin Jr. (2016). The Lost Sam Spade Scripts . BearManor Media. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1593934538 . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Can Your Scalp Pass the F-N Test? (advertisement)" (https://books.google.com/books?id=K1MEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22wildroot+cream-oil%22&pg=PA86) . Life (/wiki/Life_Magazine) : 86. March 19, 1945 . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Lange, Willem (Jan 13, 2003). "Old time commercial jingles" (https://archive.vpr.org/commentary-series/old-time-commercial-jingles/) . Vermont Public Radio . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio . Oxford University Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0195076783 . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio . Oxford University Press. pp. 69, 73, 245, 607, 685. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0195076783 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Wildroot Cream-Oil" (https://disneysrobin.blogspot.com/2008/12/wildroot-cream-oil.html) . Disney's Robin . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Perry Mason episode " The Case of the Spurious Sister" . 10/03/1959 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Markstein, Don. "Fearless Fosdick" (http://www.toonopedia.com/fosdick.htm) . Don Markstein's Toonopedia . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Fontanelli, Mike (November 2, 2018). "Exhibit: CAPPtivating Heroes: Jack Jawbreaker and Fearless Fosdick Fight Crime!" (https://animationresources.org/capptivating-heroes-jack-jawbreaker-and-fearless-fosdick-fight-crime/) . Animation Resources . Retrieved 30 May 2020 . 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Fashion company Riva Fashion Native name ريفا Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , Retail (/wiki/Retail) , E-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) Founded 1997 ( 1997 ) Founders Al-Tahan family Headquarters Kuwait Number of locations Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, United Arab of emirates Area served 40+ Countries including from Middle East, America, Europe, Australia and Asia Key people Ammar Al Tahan, Ahmad Al Tahan, Bashar Al Tahan Products Women, Teenagers and Kids Fashion Clothing and Accessories Services Fashion Retail Owners Al Tahan Family Number of employees 3000+ Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Armada Divisions (/wiki/Division_(business)) Fashion Retail Website www (https://www.rivafashion.com/en/) .rivafashion (https://www.rivafashion.com/en/) .com (https://www.rivafashion.com/en/) /en (https://www.rivafashion.com/en/) / (https://www.rivafashion.com/en/) Riva Fashion is a fashion brand (/wiki/Fashion_brand) specialized in clothing, footwear, accessories and perfumes for women, teenagers and kids. Riva Fashion operates in 6 countries across the GCC with over 100 stores and 5000 employees. The brand has a significant digital presence, with online and mobile application that attract the women to enjoy a friendly shopping experience with worldwide shipping. Riva Fashion Brand is owned by the Armada retail concept which was founded in Kuwait in 1973 by Al Tahan family. Along with Riva Fashion, Armada Retail Concepts company by Al Tahan Family owns top GCC Womens Fashion brand Choice as well as exclusive franchise dealership rights for wide range of popular fashion brands including NU, Machka, Chakra, Orjwan, Petit, Roman and cosmetic brand such as Atelier Rebul. History [ edit ] Awards [ edit ] Riva Fashion won 'Best in Apparel and Accessories’ in the Middle East at the World Branding Awards (/wiki/List_of_World_Branding_Awards_winners) for 2016, 2017 and 2018. Store count [ edit ] Number of Riva Fashion offline stores as of 5 April 2023 Kuwait: 35 Saudi Arabia: 16 United Arab Emirates: 17 Qatar: 19 Bahrain: 7 Oman: 7 Riva Fashion Store Front References [ edit ] "For the first time Riva Fashion is all over Dubai's billboards showcasing its new Eid collection 2023" (https://insiteooh.com/article/7767-for-the-first-time-riva-fashion-is-all-over-dubais-billboards-showcasing-its-new-eid-collection) . Arabian Outdoor . Retrieved 5 April 2023 . "Middle East Brands Celebrated at the 2018 World Branding Awards at Kensington Palace" (https://prpal.me/pr/detail/Middle-East-Brands-Celebrated-at-the-2018-World-Branding-Awards-at-Kensington-Palace-1355) . Prpal.me . Retrieved 3 November 2018 . "World Branding Awards 2018-2019" (https://awards.brandingforum.org/brands/riva/) . BrandingForum.com. "Winners of World Branding Awards 2018-2019" (https://awards.brandingforum.org/winners-2018-2019/) . BrandingForum.com. "Luxury designer Manish Arora unveils his cut-price collection with Riva in Dubai- TheNational.ae" (https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/luxury-designer-manish-arora-unveils-his-cut-price-collection-with-riva-in-dubai-1.3934/) . TheNational.ae . Retrieved 23 May 2017 . "Riva Fashion to open first outlet at MGM Oman mall – The Zawya" (https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/story/Riva_fashion_to_open_first_outlet_at_MGM_Oman_mall-ZAWYA20161205084940/) . TheZawya.com . Retrieved 5 December 2016 . "Riva World Branding Awards 2016 –18 The Branding Forum" (https://awards.brandingforum.org/brands/riva/) . Awards.Brandingforum.Org . Retrieved 5 December 2016 . "ME brands shine at World Branding Awards– The Trade Arabia" (http://www.tradearabia.com/news/MEDIA_313938.html/) . TradeArabia.com . Retrieved 22 September 2016 . "Have you seen Manish Arora's playful Middle Eastern collaboration?– The Vogue" (https://www.vogue.in/content/have-you-seen-manish-aroras-playful-middle-eastern-collaboration/#riva-x-mainsh-arora) . Vogue.in . Retrieved 19 May 2017 . External links [ edit ] Riva Fashion Stores in Middle East (https://www.rivafashion.com/en/store) This article about a fashion brand, house, corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_f.R) in Japanese . (November 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJake_f.R&sl=ja&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the Japanese article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:Jake f.R]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ja|Jake f.R}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Fumitaro_Ohama) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Fumitaro Ohama Born Fumitaro Ohama 1971 Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan Other names Jake FR Alma mater University of Southern California (/wiki/University_of_Southern_California) Occupation(s) Internet Entrepreneur, Creative Director, Philanthropist Fumitaro Ohama ( 大浜 史太郎 , Ōhama Fumitarō , born 1971) , is a Japanese internet entrepreneur and a philanthropist, founded Japan's first mega mobile site, "girlswaler.com". Ohama also established "fashionwalker.com" with Japan's major portal site, Yahoo! Japan( SoftBank Group (/wiki/SoftBank_Group) ), became the president and CEO of the owning 17 group companies, Xavel Inc.(Branding Inc.) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The annual sales of all the companies owned were over 290 billion yen (US$270 million), which was later sold in 2011. Ohama is also the producer and creative director of mega fashion event " Tokyo Girls Collection (/wiki/Tokyo_Girls_Collection) " [3] (#cite_note-3) and the " World Runway (/w/index.php?title=World_Runway&action=edit&redlink=1) ". [4] (#cite_note-4) Biography [ edit ] Fumitaro Ohama graduated from University of Southern California (/wiki/University_of_Southern_California) in 1997. During his study in USC, he produced a charity event for Great Hanshin earthquake (/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake) in 1995 at USC and made donation to Kobe, which later leads to establishment of Kobe Collection, [5] (#cite_note-5) a fashion event to promote and rebuild Kobe city and economy. He started working at Riviera Country Club (golf course at Los Angeles, CA)and became the chief project manager for "Nissan LA Open" and "US Senior Open 1998". In 1999, Ohama started his first own company, Branding group for internet, fashion and wedding business in Japan, and also produced wedding of Ichiro Suzuki, MLB player of Miami Marlins. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2002, Ohama along with MBS (Mainichi Broadcasting System), proposed a semi-annual fashion event, Kobe Collection, to rebuild the local economy and city brand, which has been a long run event since the establishment. In July 2005, Ohama initiated the Tokyo Girls Collection (/wiki/Tokyo_Girls_Collection) , Japan's mega fashion event. He also collaborated with GEISAI#9 [7] (#cite_note-7) of Takashi Murakami (/wiki/Takashi_Murakami) , contemporary artist, for later Tokyo Girls Collections. He also directed fashion and music collaboration event, Asia Girls Explosion, produced together with Yoshiki (/wiki/Yoshiki_(musician)) of X Japan (/wiki/X_Japan) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Today, the visitors of TGC has grown into 30,000 per day, 60,000 visitors for 2 days event. In 2011, he launched a new charity event series, WORLD RUNWAY [9] (#cite_note-9) Premiere in Singapore for Great East Japan Earthquake disaster and in 2015 for Kenya for local economy development. He collaborated with various major companies such as SQUARE ENIX, [10] (#cite_note-10) SUMITOMO CORPORATION, [11] (#cite_note-11) and AOYAMA TRADING. Ohama was awarded by many media such as Nikkei Internet award, [12] (#cite_note-12) HIGH-SERVICE BEST 300 [13] (#cite_note-13) and The 14th AMD award 2008 [14] (#cite_note-14) (contribution for digital industry in Japan) and others. He is also introduced as the member of "Seven Samurai of New Japan Inc." by Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) along with other notable Japanese companies such as DeNA (/wiki/DeNA) , provider of mobile portal and e-commerce site and Yoshinoya (/wiki/Yoshinoya) , the major beef bowl restaurant. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 「The Japan Times: See it on catwalk, buy it through cell phone」 (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/04/08/business/see-it-on-catwalk-buy-it-through-cell-phone/#.VpeBat9UvqB) (in English) ^ (#cite_ref-2) 「Capital Alliance With Yahoo Japan」 (http://pr.yahoo.co.jp/release/2005/0804a.html) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Tokyo Girls Collection (http://girlswalker.com/tgc/) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "WORLD RUNWAY" Fashion Battle to Be Held in Singapore (http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110912007107/en/WORLD-RUNWAY-Fashion-Battle-Held-Singapore) (in English) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "神戸コレクション 日本最大のファッションショー/イベント 2018 SPRING/SUMMER" (http://www.kobe-collection.com/) . 神戸コレクション 日本最大のファッションショー/イベント 2018 SPRING/SUMMER (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) ICHIRO (http://jp.pgatour.com/pgatour/news/1521/) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-7) GEISAI#20 (http://www.geisai.net/g20_en/) (in English) ^ (#cite_ref-8) [1] (http://www.fashionsnap.com/news/2011-02-09/asia-girls-exipo-yoshiki/) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-9) "WORLD RUNWAY" (http://worldrunway.org/) . worldrunway.org . Retrieved 2018-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) [2] (http://www.jp.square-enix.com/company/ja/news/2006/download/release_060522.pdf) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-11) [3] (http://www.sumitomocorp.co.jp/news/detail/id=26416) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-12) [4] (http://www.nikkei.co.jp/award/award2002/jusyou.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160503203426/http://www.nikkei.co.jp/award/award2002/jusyou.html) 2016-05-03 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-13) [5] (http://www.service-js.jp/modules/spring/?ACTION=hs_data&high_service_id=30) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-14) [6] (https://amd.or.jp/award/14/works/14_achiev.html) (in Japanese) ^ (#cite_ref-15) 『Special Report: Seven Samurai of new Japan Inc| Reuters』 (http://reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6BF1L720101216?irpc=932) (in English) External links [ edit ] (in Japanese) girlswalker.com (http://girlswalker.com/) (in Japanese) fashion walker (http://fashionwalker.com/) (in Japanese) Tokyo Girls Collection (http://girlswalker.com/tgc/) (in English) World Runway (http://worldrunway.org/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐769cp Cached time: 20240710173407 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.382 seconds Real time usage: 0.505 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2185/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29850/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2882/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17530/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.255/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 20834204/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 481.104 1 -total 26.98% 129.804 1 Template:Reflist 24.13% 116.082 1 Template:Nihongo 22.83% 109.860 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.18% 97.080 1 Template:Expand_Japanese 17.71% 85.190 2 Template:Cite_web 17.09% 82.214 1 Template:Expand_language 15.79% 75.970 1 Template:Ambox 8.99% 43.228 1 Template:Hidden 4.81% 23.129 1 Template:Wikidata_sitelink Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44543546-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710173407 and revision id 1227870535. 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English model and actress (born 2000) Iris Law Born Iris Tallulah Elizabeth Law [3] (#cite_note-id-3) ( 2000-10-25 ) 25 October 2000 (age 23) Santa Monica, California (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) , USA [4] (#cite_note-4) Parent(s) Jude Law (/wiki/Jude_Law) Sadie Frost (/wiki/Sadie_Frost) Modelling information Height 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) [1] (#cite_note-IMG_Models-1) [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) Hair colour Brown [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) Eye colour Blue/Green [2] (#cite_note-FMD-2) Agency IMG (Milan) Iris Tallulah Elizabeth Law (born 25 October 2000) is an English fashion model and actress. Early life [ edit ] Law was born in Santa Monica (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) , to English actors Jude Law (/wiki/Jude_Law) and Sadie Frost (/wiki/Sadie_Frost) ; she has two brothers, Rafferty (/wiki/Raff_Law) and Rudy, one maternal half-brother, and four paternal half-siblings. Her godmother is British supermodel Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) . [5] (#cite_note-evening-5) She completed her GCSEs (/wiki/GCSE) in 2017. [3] (#cite_note-id-3) She is studying textiles at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) . [5] (#cite_note-evening-5) Career [ edit ] Law's career in fashion started with a photoshoot for a brand called Illustrated People, from there she was contacted by an agent; she was then chosen by Christopher Bailey (/wiki/Christopher_Bailey_(fashion_designer)) to be the face of Burberry's beauty campaign. [3] (#cite_note-id-3) She appeared in the 2017 lookbook for the Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) resort. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue_3_Mar_20-6) She has appeared in adverts for Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) , and Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , as well as Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . [5] (#cite_note-evening-5) [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2021, she became an ambassador for Dior (/wiki/Dior) Beauty. [5] (#cite_note-evening-5) She made her runway debut at Miu Miu's A/W 2020 fashion show. She had already appeared in a Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) editorial as a toddler. [8] (#cite_note-8) Law was cast as Soo Catwoman (/wiki/Soo_Catwoman) in the miniseries Pistol (/wiki/Pistol_(miniseries)) , for which she shaved her head. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-IMG_Models_1-0) "Iris Law" (https://archive.today/20240517080151/https://www.imgmodels.com/milan/women/6469-iris-law) . IMG Models . Archived from the original (https://www.imgmodels.com/milan/women/6469-iris-law) on 17 May 2024 . Retrieved 17 May 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Iris Law" (https://archive.today/20240517080433/https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Iris_Law/) . Archived from the original (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Iris_Law/) on 17 May 2024 . Retrieved 17 May 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Weinstock, Tish (8 February 2017). "Teen beauty Iris Law talks school days and modeling for Burberry" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/43wgyj/teen-beauty-iris-law-talks-school-days-and-modeling-for-burberry) . i-D . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Baby No. 2" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/694387018/?article=8a309af7-4575-4fbb-a5c0-4a26088293a9&xid=5905&terms=Iris_Law) . The Modesto Bee (/wiki/The_Modesto_Bee) . 3 November 2000. p. 2 . Retrieved 7 May 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ramsdale, Suzannah (15 July 2021). "Iris Law: 'I've been brought up with morals, not necessarily to do with acting but for life' (https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/iris-law-interview-es-magazine-dior-beauty-jude-law-sadie-frost-b945782.html) " (https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/iris-law-interview-es-magazine-dior-beauty-jude-law-sadie-frost-b945782.html) . Evening Standard . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_3_Mar_20_6-0) Pike, Naomi (3 March 2020). "Iris Law On How Her Paris Catwalk Debut At Miu Miu Makes Perfect Sense" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/miss-vogue/article/iris-law-paris-fashion-week-catwalk) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . Condé Nast. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230927213341/https://www.vogue.co.uk/miss-vogue/article/iris-law-paris-fashion-week-catwalk) from the original on 27 September 2023 . Retrieved 1 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Saliban, Sandra (1 June 2022). "Iris Law Debuts as Face of Versace in Summer Campaign" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/iris-law-first-versace-campaign-summer-holidays-1235192089/) . WWD . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Borrelli-Persson, Laird (18 December 2015). "Sorry, Social Media: Before Iris Law Was a Model on Instagram, She Was One in Vogue" (https://www.vogue.com/article/models-iris-law-from-the-archives) . Vogue . Condé Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Seth, Radhika (1 July 2021). " (https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/iris-law-interview) "The Day I Shaved My Head, I Changed My Life": Iris Law Unveils Her Dramatic Buzz Cut In British Vogue" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/iris-law-interview) . British Vogue . Condé Nast. 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American writer and author This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Amy_Odell) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Amy_Odell) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Amy Odell" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Amy+Odell%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Amy+Odell%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Amy+Odell%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Amy+Odell%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Amy+Odell%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Amy+Odell%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources) , potentially preventing the article from being verifiable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and neutral (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amy_Odell&action=edit) by replacing them with more appropriate citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) to reliable, independent, third-party sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_independent_sources) . ( June 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Amy Odell is an American author, journalist, editor, and media consultant (/wiki/Media_consultant) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Odell grew up in Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) . She graduated from New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Career [ edit ] Amy Odell was the former editor for Cosmopolitan.com (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . [6] (#cite_note-6) She is the author of a biography of Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Anna: The Biography (2020), [7] (#cite_note-7) which has been translated into French and German. She is also the author of Tales From the Back Row: An Outsider's View from Inside the Fashion Industry (2015) [8] (#cite_note-8) and a variety of articles, ranging from articles in The Economist (/wiki/The_Economist) to Time Magazine (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) to Business of Fashion. Publications [ edit ] Articles [ edit ] Odell, Amy (2018). "Victoria's Secret Created an Impossible Ideal of Sexy. Now It's Struggling to Stay Relevant". Time Magazine . Odell, Amy (2018). "The Facebook Crisis: A Survival Guide for Media". Business of Fashion . Odell, Amy (2018). "Read my lips: the rise and rise of photo-editing - Amy Odell goes in search of the digital facelift". The Economist . Odell, Amy (2020-04-28). "How can I focus on work at home—and motivate my team to do the same—while this global crisis swirls?" (https://www.wellandgood.com/how-to-focus-on-work-at-home/) . Well+Good . Retrieved 2023-06-29 . Books [ edit ] Odell, Amy (2015). Tales From the Back Row: An Outsider's View from Inside the Fashion Industry . Simon & Schuster. Odell, Amy. ANNA: The Biography . Gallery Books. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Amy Odell is part of the BoF 500" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/amy-odell) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Amy Odell, Writer & Editor" (https://intothegloss.com/2013/10/amy-odell-writer-editor/) . Into The Gloss . February 24, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-3) McCall, Tyler. "A Decade in Digital: Fashion Happened to Amy Odell By Accident" (https://fashionista.com/2017/08/amy-odell-cosmopolitan-editor-interview) . Fashionista . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Amy Odell" (https://www.amyodell.com/) . Amy Odell . Retrieved 2023-06-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Rudulph, As told to Heather Wood (August 31, 2015). "Get That Life: How I Became the Editor of Cosmopolitan.com" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/career/interviews/a45511/get-that-life-amy-odell-cosmopolitan-tales-from-the-back-row/) . Cosmopolitan . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Amy Odell, Author at Well+Good" (https://www.wellandgood.com/author/aodell/) . Well+Good . Retrieved 2023-06-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Odell, Amy. ANNA: The Biography . Gallery Books ^ (#cite_ref-8) Odell, Amy. Tales from the Back Row: An Outsider's View from Inside the Fashion Industry . Simon & Schuster. External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.amyodell.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000449652026) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/315987254) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1260757773) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2015034038) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20231186831&CON_LNG=ENG) This article about an American writer is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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1925 legal reform in the Republic of Turkey Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk) with his Panama hat (/wiki/Panama_hat) just after the Kastamonu speech (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/tr:Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_Kastamonu_Nutku) in 1925 The Hat Revolution in Turkey resulted in the 1925 legal regulation which intended to regulate men's head-covering practices and make them compatible with the norms in Western countries. Thus, the fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) was banned and men were encouraged to wear hats in its place. Change in professional attire [ edit ] Before November 25, 1925, when the Hat Law was enacted, changes were seen in some professional clothes in the country. Starting from 1925, first the Republican Units in Ankara (/wiki/Ankara) , then the gendarmerie and naval units started wearing visors. Then, new headgear and caps began to be worn in various government offices and schools. Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) Galata (/wiki/Galata) Watchmen were the first to wear new headgear and caps. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) With the efforts of nurse Esma Deniz (/w/index.php?title=Esma_Deniz&action=edit&redlink=1) , at the Red Crescent Private Nursing School opened in Istanbul on February 21, 1925, nurse students began to wear hats instead of veils. [2] (#cite_note-ayten-2) As of August 2, 1925, judges, bailiffs, and court clerks started to wear new clothes and hats in courthouses and courts. However, the people continued to adhere to the fez, which they attributed a religious value, and the reform movement in this regard started with the passing of the Hat Law. Hat Law [ edit ] With the "Law No. 671 on Hats" adopted by the parliament on November 25, 1925, the members and officials of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey) were obliged to wear hats as headgear (/wiki/Headgear) , and the Turkish people were prohibited from continuing a habit contrary to this. The law entered into force after being published in the government-run Official Gazette, dated 28 November 1925. According to Article 174 of the 1982 constitution (/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey) , the Hat Law is among the "revolutionary laws" of the Turkish nation (laws that cannot be repealed even if it is found to be unconstitutional). [3] (#cite_note-yaman-3) Atatürk's trip to Kastamonu [ edit ] Before the law, citizens of different religions continued to wear different headdresses and clothes, as in the Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) . Mustafa Kemal Pasha (/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk) , who wanted to eliminate religious differences in clothing, brought up the issue of wearing a hat during his trip to İnebolu (/wiki/%C4%B0nebolu) and Kastamonu (/wiki/Kastamonu) in the summer of 1925. He wore a wide-brimmed white hat in Kastamonu on 24 August. The reason why he wore the hat for the first time in Kastamonu; he explained that he was known in other provinces with a uniform or a fez, and he preferred the hat because they would see him for the first time in Kastamonu. [4] (#cite_note-murat-4) Hat speech [ edit ] Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who went to İnebolu the next day, made the historical “Hat Speech” in this district. [5] (#cite_note-kilic-5) On August 27, 1925, he addressed the people in the " Turkish Hearths (/wiki/Turkish_Hearths) ", saying, “They call this headgear a hat,” and ensured the abandonment of expressions such as "civilized hat", which were used until that time. [6] (#cite_note-genelkurmay-6) In his speech, he said, “Like a Redingote (/wiki/Frock_coat) , a bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) , a tuxedo (/wiki/Black_tie) , here's your hat! There are those who say that it is not permissible. Let me tell them that they are very heedless and very ignorant, and I would like to ask them: "It is permissible to wear the Greek fez, but it is not to wear the hat? I would like to remind them, the whole nation, that when they wear the robe, which is the guise of Byzantine priests and Jewish rabbis, for what and how did they wear it?". [5] (#cite_note-kilic-5) Passage of the law by Parliament [ edit ] When Mustafa Kemal Pasha returned to Ankara on September 1, it was seen that those who came to greet him were wearing hats. On September 2, the decree of the council of ministers numbered 2431, which obliges civil servants to wear hats, was issued. On the same day, by the decree of the Council of Ministers, people other than clergy were prohibited from wearing robes and turbans. On October 16, 1925, Konya (/wiki/Konya) member of parliament Refik Bey and his acquaintances presented the proposal for the law on wearing hats to the parliament. The proposal began to be discussed in the parliament on 25 October. In the justification of the law, it was emphasized that the turban and fez symbolized backwardness, so it should be changed. Bursa (/wiki/Bursa) member of parliament Nureddin Pasha (/wiki/Nureddin_Pasha) , claiming that this law is unconstitutional and demanding that the proposal be withdrawn, caused great debates to be taken place in the parliament. In addition to those who claimed that the dress of the society could not be determined by laws, there were also those who claimed that this law would facilitate the separation of religion and state affairs (/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state) . As a result of the voting in which only Nureddin Pasha and Ergani member of parliament İhsan Bey voted against, the law was passed by the parliament. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Resistance to the Hat Law [ edit ] The law caused protests in various Anatolian (/wiki/Anatolia) provinces. On the day the law was passed, there were protest demonstrations in Erzurum (/wiki/Erzurum) and martial law was declared in this province for a month. Among those arrested, 13 people were sentenced to death. [7] (#cite_note-7) On 25 November, all the mukhtars (/wiki/Mukhtar) of the city were arrested for hanging posters and leaflets against hats on the walls in Sivas (/wiki/Sivas) ; those who were found not guilty were acquitted; Imamzade Mehmet Necati Efendi and Abdurrahman Efendi were sentenced to death. Hacı Sabit Civelek, imam of the Merkez Mosque in the Güneysu (/wiki/G%C3%BCneysu) region of Rize (/wiki/Rize) , said, "If your father puts a hat on his head, his murder is obligatory! You will shoot him! And if your mother is a widow, you will bring her on your back!". He started the revolt in the region with these words. [8] (#cite_note-8) Ziya Hurşit (/wiki/Ziya_Hur%C5%9Fit) telegraphed the situation to Ankara, as the rebels, who wanted to wear traditional Laz (/wiki/Laz_people) clothes rather than "religious bigotry", marched towards the centre of Rize. Thereupon, the cruiser (/wiki/Ottoman_cruiser_Hamidiye) Hamidiye sailed to Rize to intimidate. With the cruiser's arrival in the city, most of the rebels surrendered and 143 people were arrested as a result of the events that lasted for about ten days. Since 8 of those arrested were illiterate, they could not defend themselves and were executed. Of the 8 people, 3 were hanged in front of the Tan Hotel, 3 in the municipal park and 2 at the beginning of the pier. Dozens of detainees were decided to be imprisoned in Adana (/wiki/Adana) and Sinop (/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey) . [9] (#cite_note-9) In Marash (/wiki/Marash) , those who gathered around the Kahramanmaraş Grand Mosque (/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F_Grand_Mosque) shouting "We don't want hats" were arrested, and 5 people were sentenced to death. In Istanbul, especially in Fatih (/wiki/Fatih) district, many people accused of inciting the people to revolt with their speeches, and were arrested and subsequently tried in Ankara. [10] (#cite_note-burcu-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Özcan, Burcu (2008). "Basına Göre Şapka ve Kılık Kıyafet İnkılabı" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170308180412/http://www.belgeler.com/blg/1gnl/basina-gore-sapka-ve-kilik-kiyafet-inkilabi-the-hat-and-attire-revolution-according-to-press) . Marmara University. Archived from the original (http://www.belgeler.com/blg/1gnl/basina-gore-sapka-ve-kilik-kiyafet-inkilabi-the-hat-and-attire-revolution-according-to-press) on 8 March 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-ayten_2-0) "Ayten Sezer Arığ, (https://web.archive.org/web/20111210145914/http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=1092) Türklerdeki Kıyafetin Kısa Tarihi , (https://web.archive.org/web/20111210145914/http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=1092) Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, Sayı 64-65-66, Cilt: XXII, Mart-Temmuz-Kasım 2006 " (https://web.archive.org/web/20111210145914/http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=1092) . Archived from the original (http://www.atam.gov.tr/index.php?Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=1092) on 10 December 2011 . Retrieved 8 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-yaman_3-0) "Mehmet Yaman, İnkılap Kanunları Hakkında Anayasal Bir Yorum, Kriter.org sitesi 26.07.2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191129064702/http://www.kriter.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2042&Itemid=1) . Archived from the original (http://www.kriter.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2042&Itemid=1) on 29 November 2019 . Retrieved 10 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-murat_4-0) Aksoy, Murat (2005). Murat Aksoy, Başörtüsü, Türban: Batılılaşma, Laikleşme, Laiklik ve Örtünme , Kitap Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2005 (https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223709/http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=We_s3a8KFq4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0) . Kitap Yayinevi. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789756051054 . Archived from the original (https://books.google.com/books?id=We_s3a8KFq4C) on 2 December 2013 . Retrieved 8 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Selami Kılıç, (https://web.archive.org/web/20111125011346/http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/45/786/10103.pdf) Şapka Meselesi ve Kılık Kıyafet İnkılabı , (https://web.archive.org/web/20111125011346/http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/45/786/10103.pdf) Ankara Üniversitesi Atatürk Yolu Dergisi, Cilt 4, Sayı 16, 1995 " (https://web.archive.org/web/20111125011346/http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/45/786/10103.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/45/786/10103.pdf) (PDF) on 25 November 2011 . Retrieved 8 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-genelkurmay_6-0) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20111008214216/http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_8_Turk_Tarihinde_Onemli_Gunler/sapka_inkilabi/sapka_inkilabi.html) Tarihten Kesitler, Şapka İnkılabı , (https://web.archive.org/web/20111008214216/http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_8_Turk_Tarihinde_Onemli_Gunler/sapka_inkilabi/sapka_inkilabi.html) Genelkurmay Başkanlığı web sitesi, Erişim tarihi:08.08.2011 " (https://web.archive.org/web/20111008214216/http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_8_Turk_Tarihinde_Onemli_Gunler/sapka_inkilabi/sapka_inkilabi.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.tsk.tr/8_TARIHTEN_KESITLER/8_8_Turk_Tarihinde_Onemli_Gunler/sapka_inkilabi/sapka_inkilabi.html) on 8 October 2011 . Retrieved 8 August 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Aksoy, Murat (2005). Başörtüsü-türban: batılılaşma-modernleşme, laiklik ve örtünme (in Turkish). Kitap Yayinevi Ltd. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-975-6051-05-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Rize'de Şapka İsyanı . Zümrüt Gazetesi. 2007. pp. 6, 7. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Şapka Kanunu ve Rize'de Şapka İsyanı (1925)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180221041607/https://ozhanozturk.com/2017/11/29/sapka-isyani/) . ozhanozturk.com. 29 October 2017. Archived from the original (https://ozhanozturk.com/2017/11/29/sapka-isyani/) on 21 February 2018 . Retrieved 20 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-burcu_10-0) "Burcu Özcan, (https://web.archive.org/web/20170308180412/http://www.belgeler.com/blg/1gnl/basina-gore-sapka-ve-kilik-kiyafet-inkilabi-the-hat-and-attire-revolution-according-to-press) Basına Göre Şapka ve Kılık Kıyafet İnkılabı , (https://web.archive.org/web/20170308180412/http://www.belgeler.com/blg/1gnl/basina-gore-sapka-ve-kilik-kiyafet-inkilabi-the-hat-and-attire-revolution-according-to-press) Marmara Üniversitesi, Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul 2008 " (https://web.archive.org/web/20170308180412/http://www.belgeler.com/blg/1gnl/basina-gore-sapka-ve-kilik-kiyafet-inkilabi-the-hat-and-attire-revolution-according-to-press) . Archived from the original (http://www.belgeler.com/blg/1gnl/basina-gore-sapka-ve-kilik-kiyafet-inkilabi-the-hat-and-attire-revolution-according-to-press) on 8 March 2017 . Retrieved 8 August 2011 . External links [ edit ] Şapka İktisası Hakkında Kanun , (https://web.archive.org/web/20120810000927/http://www.mevzuat.adalet.gov.tr/html/389.html) Adalet Bakanlığı web sitesi, Erişim tarihi:08.08.2011 Atatürk’ün İnebolu Şapka Nutku (27 August 1925) , (https://web.archive.org/web/20110816192841/http://www.inebolu.bel.tr/inebolu-turk-ocagi-sapka-nutku.asp) İnebolu Belediyesi web sitesi, Erişim tarihi:08.08.2011 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐88fb86f5‐jbsmd Cached time: 20240704221213 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.220 seconds Real time usage: 0.300 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 668/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21207/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 575/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39716/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.132/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4426954/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 265.106 1 -total 60.34% 159.957 1 Template:Reflist 44.23% 117.269 7 Template:Cite_web 37.02% 98.137 1 Template:Short_description 16.95% 44.929 2 Template:Pagetype 14.60% 38.693 3 Template:Main_other 13.70% 36.327 1 Template:SDcat 6.11% 16.186 3 Template:Cite_book 1.18% 3.116 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71426484-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704221213 and revision id 1202973819. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hat_Revolution&oldid=1202973819 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hat_Revolution&oldid=1202973819) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Turkish clothing (/wiki/Category:Turkish_clothing) 1925 in Turkey (/wiki/Category:1925_in_Turkey) Events in Turkey (/wiki/Category:Events_in_Turkey) Reform in Turkey (/wiki/Category:Reform_in_Turkey) Hidden categories: CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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2002 (/wiki/Category:2002_clothing) 2003 2004 (/wiki/Category:2004_clothing) 2005 2006 (/wiki/Category:2006_clothing) 2007 2008 2009 2010 (/wiki/Category:2010_clothing) 2011 (/wiki/Category:2011_clothing) 2012 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s 1980s (/wiki/Category:1980s_clothing) 1990s (/wiki/Category:1990s_clothing) 2000s (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) 2010s (/wiki/Category:2010s_clothing) 2020s (/wiki/Category:2020s_clothing) 2030s 2040s 2050s NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐vgnft Cached time: 20240719063411 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.092 seconds Real time usage: 0.207 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 144/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4040/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 105/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 33/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.066/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1001653/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 198.352 1 -total 91.69% 181.873 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year 5.48% 10.872 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 3.60% 7.140 1 Template:Category_other 2.96% 5.872 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 2.05% 4.075 2 Template:Title_year 0.68% 1.343 1 Template:DECADE 0.63% 1.243 1 Template:Template_other 0.59% 1.174 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55081315-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719063411 and revision id 982830617. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "2007 clothing" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Army Combat Shirt (/wiki/Army_Combat_Shirt) G Green dress of Keira Knightley (/wiki/Green_dress_of_Keira_Knightley) P Pink feathered Versace dress of Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pink_feathered_Versace_dress_of_Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) S Swarovski crystal mesh Armani Privé gown (/wiki/Swarovski_crystal_mesh_Armani_Priv%C3%A9_gown) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2007_clothing&oldid=982830617 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2007_clothing&oldid=982830617) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by year (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_year) 2007 works (/wiki/Category:2007_works) 2000s clothing (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) Hidden categories: Category series navigation year and decade (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_year_and_decade) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) North Macedonia portal (/wiki/Portal:North_Macedonia) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion designers from North Macedonia (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_North_Macedonia) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐fgrgp Cached time: 20240720200221 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.080 seconds Real time usage: 0.117 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 146/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4377/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 527/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2243/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.050/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1290195/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 103.037 1 -total 52.29% 53.879 1 Template:Commons_category 50.48% 52.015 1 Template:Sister_project 48.42% 49.895 1 Template:Side_box 47.59% 49.036 1 Template:Portal 4.98% 5.136 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10134814-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720200221 and revision id 921935845. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Macedonian fashion designers" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Risto Bimbiloski (/wiki/Risto_Bimbiloski) E Nikola Eftimov (/wiki/Nikola_Eftimov) P Marjan Pejoski (/wiki/Marjan_Pejoski) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Macedonian_fashion_designers&oldid=921935845 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Macedonian_fashion_designers&oldid=921935845) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Macedonian designers (/wiki/Category:Macedonian_designers) Macedonian fashion (/wiki/Category:Macedonian_fashion) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Consuelo Castiglioni Born 1959 Lugano, Switzerland (/wiki/Lugano,_Switzerland) Nationality Swiss (/wiki/Switzerland) Occupation Fashion designer Consuelo Castiglioni (born 1959) is a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . She is part Chilean and was born and raised in the Italian-Swiss town of Lugano, Switzerland (/wiki/Lugano,_Switzerland) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-cc-2) Though she has no training in fashion, [3] (#cite_note-china-3) she founded the fashion label Marni (/wiki/Marni_(brand)) in 1994, and the line has recently risen to prominence. [2] (#cite_note-cc-2) She is married to Gianni Castiglioni, who is Marni's CEO. [3] (#cite_note-china-3) Their daughter Carolina runs the online store, [4] (#cite_note-glass_magazine-4) and is the brand's special projects' director. In 2009 she worked with Kim Gordon (/wiki/Kim_Gordon) on geometric designs for Marni. The brand now exceeds $100 million sales per year and is worn by celebrities such as Cindy Sherman (/wiki/Cindy_Sherman) , Kyra Sedgwick (/wiki/Kyra_Sedgwick) and Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) . Castiglioni was ranked in the 2010 “ 100 most creative people in business ”. [5] (#cite_note-mcpib-5) In 2012, the Castiglioni family sold 60% of Marni to Renzo Rosso (/wiki/Renzo_Rosso) 's OTB Group (/wiki/OTB_Group) before selling the remaining shares in 2015. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2013, the brand launched its first, eponymous, fragrance licensing with Estée Lauder Companies. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2016, Castiglioni stepped down as creative director of Marni citing a desire to focus on her personal life, and was succeeded by Francesco Risso (/wiki/Francesco_Risso) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2018, Castiglioni's daughter Carolina Castiglioni launched her own fashion label named Plan C. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rushton, Susie (27 March 2007). "Behind every Marni is a great woman" (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=10430943) . The New Zealand Herald . Retrieved 11 January 2013 . ^ a b "Creative Chic." Vogue (May 2007): 258-259, 303-304. ^ a b "Fashion Upstart Leaves Family Business to Create Brand." (http://www.china.org.cn/english/Life/165999.htm) Shanghai Daily (April 18, 2006). ^ (#cite_ref-glass_magazine_4-0) "STYLE FEATURE: 'marni ss10' (https://web.archive.org/web/20090810050041/http://www.glassmagazine.co.uk/forum/feature.asp?tid=186) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20090810050041/http://www.glassmagazine.co.uk/forum/feature.asp?tid=186) . Glass Magazine . 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.glassmagazine.co.uk/forum/feature.asp?tid=186) on 2009-08-10 . Retrieved 2009-07-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-mcpib_5-0) "Consuelo Castiglioni – Most Creative People 2010" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100529030714/http://www.fastcompany.com/100/2009/consuelo-castiglioni) . Fast Company . 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.fastcompany.com/100/2009/consuelo-castiglioni) on 2010-05-29 . Retrieved 2010-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Angela (2015-11-23). "Renzo Rosso's OTB Group acquires 100 percent of Marni" (https://fashionunited.com/news/business/renzo-rossi-s-otb-group-acquires-100-percent-of-marni/201511239089) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Attwood, Naomi (11 February 2013). "The scent of Marni: Italian label launches its first fragrance" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/the-scent-of-marni-italian-label-launches-its-first-fragrance-8488893.html) . Independent . London. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Taylor, Alex James (21 October 2016). "Consuelo Castiglioni leaves Marni" (https://hero-magazine.com//article/77787/consuelo-castiglioni-leaves-marni) . Hero . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Nelson, Karin (2018-11-08). "Carolina Castiglioni, Daughter of Marni Founder Consuelo Castiglioni, Is Designing Her Own Collection Now" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/carolina-castiglioni-plan-c-fashion-collection) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . 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Historical headgear from Central Asia "Malacai" and "Malakhai" redirect here. For the band, see Malachai (band) (/wiki/Malachai_(band)) . A Kyrgyz (/wiki/Kyrgyz_people) man wearing a malahai, depicted in an early-19th-century painting The malahai [a] (#endnote_Anone) (Russian: малаха́й or малакай , [b] (#endnote_Bnone) Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakh_language) : малақай ) is a historical headgear (/wiki/Headgear) originating in present-day Kazakhstan (/wiki/Kazakhstan) , which was adopted in some of other regions of Central Asia and worn throughout the Russian Empire (/wiki/Russian_Empire) from the mid-18th to mid-19th centuries. It is a fur (/wiki/Fur_clothing) hat with a noticeably high conical (/wiki/Pointed_hat) , cylindrical, [1] (#cite_note-Бобров-1) or quadrangular [2] (#cite_note-auto-2) crown [c] (#endnote_Cnone) and flaps that are typically four: two long side-flaps covering the ears, a wide rear one covering the neck and shoulders, and a short front one functioning as a visor (/wiki/Visor) . It is lined (/wiki/Lining_(sewing)) with furs of diverse animals, which include badger (/wiki/Badger) , fox, and wolf (/wiki/Wolf) . Worn by men in winter to protect themselves against the cold and withstand the elements on the road, the headgear also served as a soft protective helmet against bladed weapons (/wiki/Edged_and_bladed_weapons) . [1] (#cite_note-Бобров-1) It was worn by women in some parts of Russia. [3] (#cite_note-мужской-3) Among Old Believers (/wiki/Old_Believers) it was proscribed over religious reasons. [4] (#cite_note-Шапочный-4) [5] (#cite_note-Селищев-5) Etymology [ edit ] The etymology (/wiki/Etymology) of the word malahai is disputed. [6] (#cite_note-DJAPAROVA-6) Although most philologists (/wiki/Philologists) agree that it was derived from the Mongolian (/wiki/Mongolian_language) word malgai ( малгай (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9) or malaɣai̯ ) meaning 'hat', they disagree on how the word came to the Russian language. [6] (#cite_note-DJAPAROVA-6) The wide distribution of the word in the Turkic languages (/wiki/Turkic_languages) led some to theorize that it had entered Russian via Turkic—according to Hungarian linguist Éva Csáki (/w/index.php?title=%C3%89va_Cs%C3%A1ki&action=edit&redlink=1) , Manchurian (/wiki/Manchurian_language) speakers loaned the Mongolian word without -i and the word regained -i only after it entered the Kipchak languages (/wiki/Kipchak_languages) [7] (#cite_note-Csáki_145-7) —but others believe that the word had come from Manchurian and Mongolian speakers living in southeastern Siberia (/wiki/Siberia) and then the word entered, on the contrary, Turkic via Russian. [6] (#cite_note-DJAPAROVA-6) Design and materials [ edit ] The extant images of Kazakh men (/wiki/Kazakhs) wearing malahais were created in the 18th and 19th centuries by Russian, Western European, and Qing-dynasty (/wiki/Qing-dynasty) Chinese artists and, toward the end of the 19th century, photographed by Russian officials, soldiers, and travelers. [8] (#cite_note-Бобров_p213-8) As of 2012 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malahai&action=edit) , seven authentic malahais with varying degrees of damage survived in museums and private collections in China, Kazakhstan, and Russia. [8] (#cite_note-Бобров_p213-8) Its crown was in general 40–50 centimetres (16–20 in) high [9] (#cite_note-Бобров_p214-9) and either conical, cylindrical, [1] (#cite_note-Бобров-1) or quadrangular. [2] (#cite_note-auto-2) The headgear typically had four flaps and the front one, rectangular and shorter than the rest, was habitually folded upward and only lowered to cover the wearer's forehead during severe cold snaps or snowstorms. [10] (#cite_note-10) The side-flaps or "ears" ( naushi (/w/index.php?title=Naushi&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8) ] ) were tied together either on top of the wearer's chin or under the chin, with leather straps or ribbons sewn on the flaps. [11] (#cite_note-11) The wide rear-flap covered the wearer's neck and shoulders. Malahai was made of sheepskin (/wiki/Sheepskin) , deerskin (/wiki/Buckskin_(leather)) , and calfskin (/wiki/Calfskin) , and lined (/wiki/Lining_(sewing)) with furs of diverse animals such as beaver, fox, badger, and wolf, [12] (#cite_note-Шангина_material-12) while its outermost layer was made of cloth, [12] (#cite_note-Шангина_material-12) brocade (/wiki/Brocade) , [9] (#cite_note-Бобров_p214-9) silk, [9] (#cite_note-Бобров_p214-9) or velvet (/wiki/Velvet) . [12] (#cite_note-Шангина_material-12) In Russia [ edit ] Malahai became part of the Russian clothing (/wiki/Russian_clothing) in the mid-18th century after the Bashkirs (/wiki/Bashkirs) and Kalmyks (/wiki/Kalmyks) introduced the headgear to the country. [13] (#cite_note-13) By the mid-19th century, its use had spread throughout Siberia and European Russia (/wiki/European_Russia) ; however, before the 19th century ended, it had been mostly replaced by ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) in the Russian Empire. [14] (#cite_note-14) In Russia, it was most often worn on the road and, as such, became a distinctive headgear of coachmen (/wiki/Coachmen) in Siberia. [15] (#cite_note-15) Worn by men in winter to protect themselves against the cold and withstand the elements, it also served as a soft protective helmet against bladed weapons. [1] (#cite_note-Бобров-1) In some regions of Russia, it was worn by women as well. [3] (#cite_note-мужской-3) Among Old Believers— Eastern Orthodox Christians (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christians) who maintain the liturgical (/wiki/Liturgy) and ritual (/wiki/Ritual) practices of the Russian Orthodox Church (/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) as they were before the 17th-century reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow (/wiki/Patriarch_Nikon_of_Moscow) —wearing malahai was forbidden because the wearer of the headgear cast a silhouette (/wiki/Silhouette) that allegedly resembled that of a horned demon, [4] (#cite_note-Шапочный-4) and some malahais were lined with wolf fur, which was proscribed for them to wear especially in group prayer meetings. [5] (#cite_note-Селищев-5) See also [ edit ] List of headgear (/wiki/List_of_headgear) Notes [ edit ] a. ^ Variously romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Cyrillic) as malahai , [16] (#cite_note-16) malahay , [7] (#cite_note-Csáki_145-7) malakai , [1] (#cite_note-Бобров-1) malaxay , [7] (#cite_note-Csáki_145-7) malaqai , [7] (#cite_note-Csáki_145-7) malaqay , [7] (#cite_note-Csáki_145-7) malakaj , [7] (#cite_note-Csáki_145-7) and malakhai [17] (#cite_note-17) b. ^ Pronounced [məɫɐˈxaj] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian) and [məɫəˈkəj] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian) respectively c. ^ The term malahai applies to the ones with high (40–50 centimetres or 16–20 inches [9] (#cite_note-Бобров_p214-9) ) crowns only; those with low crowns are called tumaq (/w/index.php?title=Tumaq&action=edit&redlink=1) [ kk (https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B) ; ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%85) ] . References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Бобров, Л.А. (2012). "Казахская воинская шапка «Малакай» XVIII-XIX веков" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200325190630/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazahskaya-voinskaya-shapka-malakay-xviii-xix-vekov) [Kazakh Military Cap "Malakai" 18th–19th Centuries]. Археология и этнография . История, филология (in Russian). 11 (7). Novosibirsk State University (/wiki/Novosibirsk_State_University) : 220. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1818-7919 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1818-7919) . Archived from the original (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazahskaya-voinskaya-shapka-malakay-xviii-xix-vekov) on March 25, 2020 . Retrieved December 21, 2022 . ^ a b Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 550. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "Он представлял собой шапку с четырехугольным, (...) остроконечным верхом из сукна и с четырьмя клапанами." [It was a hat with a quadrangular, or (...) pointed top of cloth and four flaps.] ^ a b Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 550. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "мужской головной убор, использовавшийся в некоторых районах России и как женский." [A men's headwear, and used in some regions of Russia as a women's headwear.] ^ a b "Шапочный разбор" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221010214239/https://ruvera.ru/articles/shapochnyj_razbor) [Hats off]. Старообрядческий сайт «Русская вера» ( Old Believers (/wiki/Old_Believers) website 'Russian Faith') (in Russian). May 28, 2020. Archived from the original (https://ruvera.ru/articles/shapochnyj_razbor) on October 10, 2022 . Retrieved December 21, 2022 . "В постановлениях поморских и федосеевских соборов (...) треухи и малахаи запрещены к ношению, потому что они напоминают силуэт беса." [In the rulings of the Pomorian (/wiki/Pomorian_Old-Orthodox_Church) and Fedoseevtsy (/wiki/Fedoseevtsy) councils, (...) treuhi (/w/index.php?title=Treuhi&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%85) ] and malahai are forbidden to wear as they resemble the silhouette of a demon.] ^ a b Селищев, Валерий (December 11, 2017). "О христианской одежде" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221014095408/https://ruvera.ru/articles/hristiyanskaya_odejda) [On Christian clothing]. Старообрядческий сайт «Русская вера» ( Old Believers (/wiki/Old_Believers) website 'Russian Faith') (in Russian). Archived from the original (https://ruvera.ru/articles/hristiyanskaya_odejda) on October 14, 2022 . Retrieved December 21, 2022 . "Запрещены для христиан лишь картузы и шапки — малахаи (...) Также шапки из собачьего и волчьего меха, особо для посещения соборной молитвы." [The only things forbidden for Christians are kartuz (/w/index.php?title=Kartuz&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7) ] and hats such as malahai (...) Also hats made of dog or wolf fur, especially for collective prayers.] ^ a b c Джапарова, Б.Б. (1999). "Этимологический аспект в толковании. Проблема этимологических помет" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181209123644/http://nbisu.moy.su/_ld/24/2454_IGUDJAPAROVAB19.pdf) [Etymological aspect in interpretation: The problem of etymological marks] (PDF) . Вестник Иссык-Кульского университета No.3 (in Russian): 135–136. Archived from the original (http://nbisu.moy.su/_ld/24/2454_IGUDJAPAROVAB19.pdf) (PDF) on December 9, 2018 . Retrieved December 21, 2022 . ^ a b c d e f Csáki, Éva (2006). "89. malakay 'hat' < MMo malaγai , malaqai , maqalai ". Middle Mongolian Loan Words in Volga Kipchak Languages . Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag (/wiki/Harrassowitz_Verlag) . pp. 145–146. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783447053815 . Retrieved August 17, 2023 – via Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) . ^ a b Бобров, Л.А. (2012). "Казахская воинская шапка «Малакай» XVIII-XIX веков" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200325190630/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazahskaya-voinskaya-shapka-malakay-xviii-xix-vekov) [Kazakh Military Cap "Malakai" 18th–19th Centuries]. Археология и этнография . История, филология (in Russian). 11 (7). Novosibirsk State University (/wiki/Novosibirsk_State_University) : 213. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1818-7919 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1818-7919) . Archived from the original (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazahskaya-voinskaya-shapka-malakay-xviii-xix-vekov) on March 25, 2020 . Retrieved December 22, 2022 . ^ a b c d Бобров, Л.А. (2012). "Казахская воинская шапка «Малакай» XVIII-XIX веков" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200325190630/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazahskaya-voinskaya-shapka-malakay-xviii-xix-vekov) [Kazakh Military Cap "Malakai" 18th–19th Centuries]. Археология и этнография . История, филология (in Russian). 11 (7). Novosibirsk State University (/wiki/Novosibirsk_State_University) : 214. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1818-7919 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1818-7919) . Archived from the original (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kazahskaya-voinskaya-shapka-malakay-xviii-xix-vekov) on March 25, 2020 . Retrieved December 21, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 550. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 22, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "Передний клапан, обычно невысокий, прямоугольный, (...) опускался на лоб только во время сильных морозов или пурги." [The front flap, usually low and rectangular, (...) was lowered to the forehead only during severe frosts or blizzards.] ^ (#cite_ref-11) Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 550. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 22, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "К боковым клапанам пришивали ремешки или тесемки для завязывания малахая." [The side flaps had straps or ribbons sewn on them to tie up the malahai.] ^ a b c Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 550. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "Его изготавливали из овчины, телячьей, оленьей шкуры, меха лисицы, бобра, барсука, волка, а также из сукна, верверета." [It was made of sheepskin, calfskin, deerskin, furs of fox, beaver, badger, wolf, as well as cloth and velvet.] ^ (#cite_ref-13) Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 551. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "В состав русского костюма вошел в середине ХVIII в. (...) что он был заимствован русскими у башкир и калмыков." [In the middle of the 18th century, it became part of the Russian clothing. (...) the Russians borrowed it from the Bashkirs and Kalmyks.] ^ (#cite_ref-14) Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 551. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "В середине ХIХ в. малахай бытовал фактически на всей территории Европейской России и в Сибири. Во второй половине XIX в. был вытеснен шапкой ушанкой ." [In the middle of the 19th century, malahai was practically worn throughout European Russia and Siberia. In the second half of the 19th century it was superseded by ushanka .] ^ (#cite_ref-15) Шангина, И.И. (2003). Русский традиционный быт [ Russian Traditional Life ] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) : Азбука-классика (Azbuka-Attikus Publishing Group). p. 551. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 535200337X . Retrieved December 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . "Малахай, как правило, надевали только в дорогу. Он являлся также головным убором сибирских ямщиков." [Malahai, as a rule, was worn only on the road. It was also the headwear of Siberian coachmen.] ^ (#cite_ref-16) Eliade, Mircea (/wiki/Mircea_Eliade) (1997) [1951]. Şamanismul şi tehnicile arhaice ale extazului [ Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy ] (in Romanian). Translated by Prelipceanu, Brândușa; Baltag, Cezar (/wiki/Cezar_Baltag) . Bucharest: Humanitas (/wiki/Humanitas_(publishing_house)) . p. 154. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9732807156 . Retrieved August 17, 2023 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . Şamanul ( baqça ) kazak-kirghiz ,,poartă pe cap tradiționalul malahai , [...] ^ (#cite_ref-17) Hellie, Richard (/wiki/Richard_Hellie) (June 15, 1999). "Clothing and Accessories". The Economy and Material Culture of Russia, 1600–1725 . Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press (/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press) . p. 366. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780226326498 . Retrieved August 17, 2023 – via Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) . v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) Gache 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Tanjak (/wiki/Tengkolok) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Laos (/wiki/Culture_of_Laos#Traditional_clothing) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tengkolok (/wiki/Tengkolok) Philippines (/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines) Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) Baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) Buntal hat (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Malong (/wiki/Malong) Maria Clara gown (/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown) Patadyong (/wiki/Patadyong) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Thailand (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Banong (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Banong) Chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) Chut Thai (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Formal Chut Thai (/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume) Pha khao ma (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma) Pha nung (/wiki/Pha_nung) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Sabai (/wiki/Sabai) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Tabengman (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Áo bà ba (/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba) Áo dài (/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) Áo giao lĩnh (/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh) Áo tứ thân (/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n) Middle East Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Assyria (/wiki/Assyrian_clothing) Bisht (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Izaar (/wiki/Izaar) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Sheitel (/wiki/Sheitel) Tallit (/wiki/Tallit) Tallit katan (/wiki/Tallit_katan) Tefillin (/wiki/Tefillin) Tzitzit (/wiki/Tzitzit) Jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kurdish (/wiki/Kurdish_clothing) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Palestine (/wiki/Palestinian_costumes) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Hejazi (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) Europe Balkan Traditional Albanian clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing) Brez (/wiki/Brez_(clothing)) Çorape (/wiki/%C3%87orape) Opinga (/wiki/Opinga) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Xhamadan (/wiki/Xhamadan) Xhubleta (/wiki/Xhubleta) Aromanian (/w/index.php?title=Aromanian_traditional_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Croatia (/wiki/Croatian_national_costume) Fustanella (/wiki/Fustanella) Greek (/wiki/Greek_dress) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Macedonia (/wiki/Macedonian_national_costume) Romania (/wiki/Romanian_dress) Serbia (/wiki/Serbian_traditional_clothing) Kosovo (/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo) British Isles Britain Country (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Court (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Windsor uniform (/wiki/Windsor_uniform) Ireland (/wiki/Irish_clothing) Scottish highlands (/wiki/Highland_dress) Aboyne (/wiki/Aboyne_dress) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Kilt (/wiki/Kilt) Sporran (/wiki/Sporran) Wales (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) Central Dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) Lederhosen (/wiki/Lederhosen) Poland (/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland) Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) Eastern Armenia (/wiki/Armenian_dress) Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing) Kelaghayi (/wiki/Kelaghayi) Ukraine (/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing) Kobeniak (/wiki/Kobeniak) Kozhukh (/wiki/Kozhukh) Kozhushanka (/wiki/Kozhushanka) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Sharovary (/wiki/Sharovary) Vyshyvanka (/wiki/Vyshyvanka) Ukrainian wreath (/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath) Russia Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Lapti (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Western Netherlands Poffer (/wiki/Poffer) Kraplap (/wiki/Kraplap) Oorijzer (/wiki/Oorijzer) France Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) Spain Traje de flamenca (/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Cachirulo (/wiki/Cachirulo) Cordovan hat (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Italy Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Scandinavian Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) Iceland (/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume) Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming) Nationella dräkten (/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten) Bäckadräkten (/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten) Sverigedräkten (/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1) South America Aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) Chile Chamanto (/wiki/Chamanto) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Chilote poncho (/wiki/Chilote_poncho) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) Liqui liqui (/wiki/Liqui_liqui) Lliklla (/wiki/Lliklla) Panama hat (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pollera (/wiki/Pollera) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) North America Inuit skin clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Tignon (/wiki/Tignon) Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) Western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) Bolo tie (/wiki/Bolo_tie) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Huipil (/wiki/Huipil) Mexico Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Mexican pointy boots (/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots) Rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) Serape (/wiki/Serape) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Quechquemitl (/wiki/Quechquemitl) Oceania Grass skirt (/wiki/Grass_skirt) Feather cloak (/wiki/Feather_cloak) I-sala (/wiki/I-sala) Lap-lap (/wiki/Lap-lap) Lavalava (/wiki/Lavalava) Kiekie (/wiki/Kiekie_(clothing)) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Sulu (/wiki/Sulu_(skirt)) Taʻovala (/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala) Tēfui (/wiki/T%C4%93fui) Tupenu (/wiki/Tupenu) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign 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(/wiki/Tuque) Tyrolean (/wiki/Tyrolean_hat) Upe (/wiki/Upe) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Welsh (/wiki/Welsh_hat) Yanggwan (/wiki/Yanggwan) Wrapped headwear Apostolnik (/wiki/Apostolnik) Bashlyk (/wiki/Bashlyk) Birrus (/wiki/Birrus) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Caul (/wiki/Caul_(headgear)) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Chaperon (/wiki/Chaperon_(headgear)) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) Do-rag (/wiki/Do-rag) Dumalla (/wiki/Dumalla) Emamah (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) Għonnella (/wiki/G%C4%A7onnella) Gook (/wiki/Gook_(headgear)) Gugel (/wiki/Gugel) Gulle (/wiki/Gulle) Haredi burqa sect (/wiki/Haredi_burqa_sect) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Hogeon (/wiki/Hogeon) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Jang-ot (/wiki/Jang-ot) Khăn vấn (/wiki/Kh%C4%83n_v%E1%BA%A5n) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) Roach (/wiki/Roach_(headdress)) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Sudra (/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)) Tichel (/wiki/Tichel) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Yashmak (/wiki/Yashmak) Hat parts Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Aigrette (/wiki/Aigrette) Brim (/wiki/Hat_brim) Bumper brim (/wiki/Bumper_brim) Campaign cord (/wiki/Campaign_cord) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Gamsbart (/wiki/Gamsbart) Hackle (/wiki/Hackle) Lappet (/wiki/Lappet) Plume (/wiki/Plume_(feather)) Sarpech (/wiki/Sarpech) Visor (/wiki/Visor) Accessories Cockade (/wiki/Cockade) Feathers (/wiki/Feather) Hat box (/wiki/Hat_box) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Braccae (/wiki/Braccae) Breeches (/wiki/Breeches) Sompot Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Culottes (/wiki/Culottes) Harem (/wiki/Harem_pants) Knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Saragüells (/w/index.php?title=Sarag%C3%BCells&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ca (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarag%C3%BCells) ] Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) Hobble (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) Poodle (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) Safeguard (/wiki/Safeguard_(costume)) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) Close-bodied gown (/wiki/Close-bodied_gown) Debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) Mantua (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Polonaise (/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing)) Robe de cour (/wiki/Robe_de_cour) Sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_dress) Tea gown (/wiki/Tea_gown) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Capote (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Caraco (/wiki/Caraco) Cardinal cloak (/wiki/Cardinal_cloak) Chamail (/wiki/Chamail_(clothing)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Kinsale cloak (/wiki/Kinsale_cloak) Dolman (/wiki/Dolman) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Exomis (/wiki/Exomis) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) Inverness cape (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) Kandys (/wiki/Kandys) Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Nadiri (/wiki/Nadiri) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) Overfrock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Palla (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) Pallium (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Kullu (/wiki/Kullu_shawl) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)) Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) Surtout (/wiki/Surtout) Ulster coat (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Visite (/wiki/Visite) Witzchoura (/wiki/Witzchoura) Underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Dickey (/wiki/Dickey_(garment)) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Open drawers (/wiki/Open_drawers) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Ba tầm (/wiki/Ba_t%E1%BA%A7m) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Blessed hat (/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gable hood (/wiki/Gable_hood) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Llawt'u (/wiki/Llawt%27u) Malahai Matron's badge (/wiki/Matron%27s_badge) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Motoring hood (/wiki/Motoring_hood) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_Cap) Nemes (/wiki/Nemes) Nightcap (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Tainia (/wiki/Tainia_(costume)) Taranga (/wiki/Taranga_(clothing)) Welsh Wig (/wiki/Welsh_Wig) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbills (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) Hessian (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Manchu platform shoes (/wiki/Manchu_platform_shoes) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) Belt hook (/wiki/Belt_hook) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Cravat (early) (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) Jabot (/wiki/Jabot_(neckwear)) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Oes (/wiki/Oes) Partlet (/wiki/Partlet) Perfumed gloves (/wiki/Perfumed_gloves) Ruff (/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Visard (/wiki/Visard) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report 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Clothing museum and research center in Madrid, Spain Museum of Garment - Ethnologic Heritage Research Center Museo del Traje - Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico Location Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) , Spain Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 40°26′24″N 3°43′43″W / 40.44°N 3.728611°W / 40.44; -3.728611 Public transit access Moncloa (/wiki/Moncloa_(Madrid_Metro)) Ciudad Universitaria (/wiki/Ciudad_Universitaria_(Madrid_Metro)) Website museodeltraje.mcu.es (http://museodeltraje.mcu.es) Built 1973 Architect Jaime López de Asiaín Architectural style(s) Modernist Spanish Cultural Heritage (/wiki/Bien_de_Inter%C3%A9s_Cultural) Official name Museo del Traje - Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico Type Non-movable Criteria Monument Designated 1962 Reference no. RI-51-0001379 The Museum of Garment - Ethnologic Heritage Research Center ( Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_language) : Museo del Traje - Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico ) is a museum and ethnology heritage research center in Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) , Spain, devoted to promote, disseminate, value, and improve knowledge about the historical evolution of clothing and fashion. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . The museum has over 160,000 pieces and documents. [1] (#cite_note-1) The current building was completed in 1973. [2] (#cite_note-2) Collections date from the Middle Ages up to clothes by Spain's contemporary fashion designers. History [ edit ] The current Museo del Traje dates from 2004. The museum, despite being a newly created institution, has a long and curious history. Its origin lies in the Historic Costume Exhibition, held in 1925. In the keynote address at this event, the Count of Romanones (/wiki/Count_of_Romanones) raised the idea of making the temporary exhibition permanent. Two years later he created a Board of Trustees of the Museum who would take charge of the funds of the exhibition, receiving them from the state, and form them into the new Regional Costume Museum and History (1927–1934). In 1934, the Count creates the idea of creating another institution to pick up these treasured collections and also the traditions of the Spanish People. This new museum, the Museum of the Spanish Village, acquired the collections of Ethnography and Folk Art at the School of Education, and contained an extensive series of objects that the Regional Trustees acquired between 1934 and 1936. After several changes of venue the collections were moved in 1983 into the building then occupied by the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa) . In 1993 the Museum of the Spanish Village and the National Museum of Ethnology are united in a single institution, the National Museum of Anthropology (1993–2004). However, both continued to operate independently. Finally, in 2002, after a general discussion on the future of the museum, it was decided to enhance the public presence of the collection of costumes, from a modern perspective. Building [ edit ] The architect, Jaime López de Asiaín, was awarded the National Prize for Architecture in 1969 for this project, construction beginning in 1971. The building was completed in 1973 and inaugurated in 1975. [3] (#cite_note-3) The building was built as the home of the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art (MEAC), later to become the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa) . After the MEAC left the building in 1992 the building lay unused. A restoration of the building was carried out at a cost of 21 million euro in 2005, allowing the building to become the home of the Museo del Traje. The building takes to form of a tower set upon a large horizontal element containing the museum section. All are elevated above the surrounding landscape allowing visitors to walk beneath the building into a shaded courtyard containing a large monumental staircase. Several glass pavilions are set between the ground and the building above. Gallery [ edit ] Exhibition Hall Ballgown. c. 1850-1858 Maja (/wiki/Majo) dress. Owned by Infanta Isabella (/wiki/Infanta_Isabella,_Countess_of_Girgenti) . 1858. Traditional dress from the Pas (/wiki/Pas_(river)) Valley. c. 1900-1950 . Dress. Madeleine Vionnet (/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet) . c. 1921-1930 . Delphos gown (/wiki/Delphos_gown) . Mariano Fortuny (/wiki/Mariano_Fortuny_(designer)) . c. 1921-1950 . Evening dress. Ana de Pombo for Paquin (/wiki/Jeanne_Paquin#The_House_of_Paquin_(1920–1956)) . c. 1939 Cocktail dress. Vargas Ochagavía (/wiki/Vargas_Ochagav%C3%ADa) . c. 1960 Wool minidress. Herrera y Ollero. c. 1962-1967 References [ edit ] This article is based on an article in Spanish Wikipedia (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_del_Traje) . ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Museo del Traje, C.I.P.E. :: The Saatchi Gallery" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101018062621/http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/museums/museum-profile/Museo+Del+Traje,+C.i.p.e./413.html) . www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk . Archived from the original (http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/museums/museum-profile/Museo+Del+Traje,+C.i.p.e./413.html) on 2010-10-18. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Every Museum in Madrid: The Spanish in Clothes" (http://everymuseummadrid.blogspot.com/2011/09/museum-of-costume-museo-del-traje-10.html) . 10 September 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Museo del Traje, Madrid | 240963" (https://archive.today/20120729090124/http://www.emporis.com/building/museodeltraje-madrid-spain) . Emporis. Archived from the original (http://www.emporis.com/building/museodeltraje-madrid-spain) on July 29, 2012 . Retrieved 2022-05-02 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Museo del Traje (Madrid) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Museo_del_Traje_(Madrid)) . Museo del Traje (http://museodeltraje.mcu.es/) - official site v t e National Museums of Spain Prado National Museum (/wiki/Museo_del_Prado) (Madrid) Queen Sofía Art Center National Museum (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa) (Madrid) Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (/wiki/Thyssen-Bornemisza_Museum) (Madrid) Art National Museum and Research Center of Altamira (/wiki/National_Museum_and_Research_Center_of_Altamira) (Santillana del Mar) Museum of the Americas (/wiki/Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica) (Madrid) National Museum of Anthropology (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Antropolog%C3%ADa_(Madrid)) (Madrid) National Archaeological Museum (/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_(Madrid)) (Madrid) National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Subaquatic_Archaeology) (Cartagena) The House of Architecture (/wiki/The_House_of_Architecture) (Madrid) González Martí National Museum of Ceramics and Decorative Arts (/wiki/Gonz%C3%A1lez_Mart%C3%AD_National_Museum_of_Ceramics_and_Decorative_Arts) (Valencia) Cerralbo Museum (/wiki/Cerralbo_Museum) (Madrid) Cervantes' House Museum (/wiki/Casa_de_Cervantes) (Valladolid) Museum of Garment - Ethnologic Heritage Research Center (Madrid) National Museum of Decorative Arts (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Artes_Decorativas) (Madrid) El Greco Museum (/wiki/El_Greco_Museum,_Toledo) (Toledo) Lázaro Galdiano Museum (/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano_Museum) [1] (Madrid) National Museum of Roman Art (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Roman_Art) (Mérida) National Museum of Romanticism (/wiki/Museum_of_Romanticism_(Madrid)) (Madrid) National Museum of Sculpture (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Escultura,_Valladolid) (Valladolid) Sephardic Museum (/wiki/Sephardic_Museum_(Toledo)) (Toledo) Sorolla Museum (/wiki/Sorolla_Museum) (Madrid) National Museum of Theatre (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Theatre) (Almagro) Military Museum of the Army (/wiki/Museum_of_the_Army_(Toledo)) (Toledo) Naval Museum (/wiki/Naval_Museum_of_Madrid) (Madrid) Museum of Aeronautics and Astronautics (/wiki/Museum_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics_(Madrid)) (Madrid) Science and technology Royal Botanical Garden (/wiki/Real_Jard%C3%ADn_Bot%C3%A1nico_de_Madrid) [1] (Madrid) Geomineral Museum (/wiki/Museo_Geominero) [1] (Madrid) Museum of the Royal Mint (/wiki/Museo_Casa_de_la_Moneda_(Madrid)) [1] (Madrid) National Museum of Natural Sciences (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Ciencias_Naturales) (Madrid) Railway Museum (/wiki/Railway_Museum_(Madrid)) [1] (Madrid) Railway Museum of Catalonia (/wiki/Railway_Museum_of_Catalonia) [1] (Vilanova i la Geltrú) National Museum of Science and Technology (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology_(Spain)) (La Coruña and Alcobendas) [1] State-owned museum in the same "Museums of Spain Network" but not styled "National Museum". v t e Textile museums North America American Textile History Museum (/wiki/American_Textile_History_Museum) Antique Gas and Steam Engine Museum (/wiki/Antique_Gas_and_Steam_Engine_Museum) Augusta Canal Discovery Center at Enterprise Mill (/wiki/Augusta_Canal) Belknap Mill Museum (/wiki/Belknap-Sulloway_Mill) Boott Mills (/wiki/Boott_Mills) Brigham City Museum-Gallery (/wiki/Brigham_City_Museum-Gallery) Cooper-Hewitt (/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum) Costume Museum of Canada (/wiki/Costume_Museum_of_Canada) Cotton Museum (/wiki/The_Cotton_Museum) Embroidery Museum and Resource Center (/wiki/Embroidery_Museum_and_Resource_Center) The Fabric Workshop and Museum (/wiki/The_Fabric_Workshop_and_Museum) Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising Museum (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising_Museum) Hat and Fragrance Textile Gallery (/wiki/Hat_and_Fragrance_Textile_Gallery) International Quilt Museum (/wiki/International_Quilt_Museum) Kansas City Garment District Museum (/wiki/Kansas_City_Garment_District_Museum) Lowell National Historical Park (/wiki/Lowell_National_Historical_Park) Marie Webster House (/wiki/Marie_Webster_House) Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Mission Mill Museum (/wiki/Mission_Mill_Museum) The Museum at FIT (/wiki/The_Museum_at_FIT) Museum L-A (/wiki/Museum_L-A) Museum of Work and Culture (/wiki/Museum_of_Work_and_Culture) National Quilt Museum (/wiki/National_Quilt_Museum) Rocky Mountain Quilt Museum (/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Quilt_Museum) Ruth Funk Center for Textile Arts (/wiki/Ruth_Funk_Center_for_Textile_Arts) San Jose Museum of Quilts & Textiles (/wiki/San_Jose_Museum_of_Quilts_%26_Textiles) Slater Mill Historic Site (/wiki/Slater_Mill_Historic_Site) Stillwater Mill (/wiki/Stillwater_Mill) Southeastern Quilt & Textile Museum (/wiki/Southeastern_Quilt_%26_Textile_Museum) Textile Museum (Washington, D.C.) (/wiki/Textile_Museum_(George_Washington_University)) Textile Museum of Canada (/wiki/Textile_Museum_of_Canada) Watkins Woolen Mill State Park and State Historic Site (/wiki/Watkins_Woolen_Mill_State_Park_and_State_Historic_Site) Western Reserve Historical Society (/wiki/Western_Reserve_Historical_Society) Wile Carding Mill (/wiki/Wile_Carding_Mill) Willamette Heritage Center (/wiki/Willamette_Heritage_Center) Windham Textile and History Museum (/wiki/Windham_Textile_and_History_Museum) Central America Ixchel Museum of Indigenous Textiles and Clothing (/wiki/Ixchel_Museum_of_Indigenous_Textiles_and_Clothing) Europe Bielsko-Biała Museum (/wiki/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a_Museum) Blackburn Museum and Art Gallery (/wiki/Blackburn_Museum_and_Art_Gallery) Bocholt textile museum (/wiki/Bocholt_textile_museum) Central Museum of Textiles, Łódź (/wiki/Central_Museum_of_Textiles,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA) Centre National du Costume de Scene (/wiki/National_Center_of_Stage_Costume) Costume Museum (Kastoria) (/wiki/Costume_Museum_(Kastoria)) Devonshire Collection of Period Costume (/wiki/Devonshire_Collection_of_Period_Costume) Ethnographic Museum (Belgrade) (/wiki/Ethnographic_Museum_(Belgrade)) Fashion and Textile Museum (/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum) Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) Galleria del Costume (/wiki/Galleria_del_Costume) Helmshore Mills Textile Museum (/wiki/Helmshore_Mills_Textile_Museum) Killerton (/wiki/Killerton) Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin (/wiki/Kunstgewerbemuseum_Berlin) Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume (/wiki/Dalgarven_Mill_%E2%80%93_Museum_of_Ayrshire_Country_Life_and_Costume) Musée des Tissus et des Arts décoratifs de Lyon (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Tissus_et_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs) Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture (/wiki/Museum_of_Domestic_Design_and_Architecture) Museum of Jewellery in the Silver Way (/wiki/Museum_of_Jewellery_in_the_Silver_Way) Museum of the History of the Greek Costume 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Fashion designer Bethany Yellowtail Born 1989 (age 34–35) Montana, United States Nationality Northern Cheyenne Tribe (/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Tribe) , American (/wiki/Americans) Other names Ammaakealachehiibaachilakacheesh, "Overcomes through Faith"- Crow Name [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Ese'hemeona'e "Sun Road Woman" - Cheyenne Name Occupation Fashion designer Years active 2009-present Website byellowtail (http://byellowtail.com) .com (http://byellowtail.com) Bethany Yellowtail (born 1989) [2] (#cite_note-2) is a Native American (/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) fashion designer based in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Known for her work that reflects her Indigenous heritage, she is an enrolled member of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe (/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Indian_Reservation) and a descendant of the Crow Tribe of Montana (/wiki/Crow_Tribe_of_Montana) . [4] (#cite_note-4) She serves as designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) for her line B.Yellowtail. [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life and education [ edit ] Yellowtail was born in the small rural town of Wyola (/wiki/Wyola,_Montana) , located in the southeast corner of Montana (/wiki/Montana) near the Wyoming border. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She is an enrolled member of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe (/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Tribe_of_the_Northern_Cheyenne_Indian_Reservation,_Montana) and grew up with her four siblings and parents on the Crow Reservation (/wiki/Crow_Indian_Reservation) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Yellowtail's parents and family members had been involved in creating Indigenous artistry all throughout her life. She originally peaked her interest in Indigenous jewelry, beaded earrings being one of the first pieces she would sell to others. Aunts and grandmothers taught her to sew, where her passion for fashion began. [7] (#cite_note-Bethany_Yellowtail-7) Yellowtail attended Tongue River schools in Ranchester (/wiki/Ranchester,_Wyoming) , Wyoming, 23 miles from her family's ranch in Wyola, Montana. She graduated from Tongue River High School in 2007. [8] (#cite_note-8) She attended the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Career [ edit ] Yellowtail's beginnings in her corporate fashion career were with multiple name brands, which often would appropriate Native American Designs. [9] (#cite_note-CFDA-9) Yellowtail began working in fashion with the BCBG Max Azria Group (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) , then became a pattern maker for private labels. Her time with these brands pushed her to create her own company, B.Yellowtail, in 2015, to accurately represent Native American Culture. [9] (#cite_note-CFDA-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2015, Bethany was selected as a First Peoples Fund Artist in Business Leadership Fellow. [11] (#cite_note-11) As a Native designer, Yellowtail confronts cultural appropriation in the fashion industry. [12] (#cite_note-12) PBS Indie Lens Storycast featured B.Yellowtail as part of a series of short films called alter-NATIVE by Billy Luther. [7] (#cite_note-Bethany_Yellowtail-7) [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2022, Bethany was selected for Visas "She's Next in Fashion" and was recognized at the Green Carpet Fashion Awards. She was awarded alongside fellow honorees Aurora James, Rashad Robinson, and Tom Ford. [14] (#cite_note-14) Political [ edit ] Yellowtail is an active supporter of women's rights. For the 2017 Women's March (/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March) on the National Mall (/wiki/National_Mall) in Washington D.C., [7] (#cite_note-Bethany_Yellowtail-7) Yellowtail collaborated with fellow Montana artist John Isaiah Pepion to create a custom-designed scarf featuring Native American women, each wearing a War Bonnet. In Crow Nation (/wiki/Crow_Nation) culture, women traditionally do not wear a full headdress, except for the special occasion of the Shoshone (/wiki/Shoshone) War Bonnet Dance, regarded as the highest honor for Crow women. Yellowtail chose the design to underscore female empowerment and respect. The scarf was worn by the many indigenous women as part of the Indigenous Women Rise (https://www.indigenouswomenrise.org/) , [15] (#cite_note-15) a grassroots advocacy group first gathering at the Women's March (/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March) . Another way that she has contributed to Indigenous female empowerment is through her Rez Girl Mentorship Fund. She collaborated with the Native Wellness Institute to further develop this program, in hopes of providing opportunities for vulnerable Indigenous communities, who have been affected by the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Relatives (MMIR) epidemic. This fund focuses on mentoring young indigenous girls to understand and believe in their ability to do anything. [16] (#cite_note-16) Yellowtail includes the works of several Native American artists and designers as part of The B.Yellowtail Collective, part of her efforts to support the entrepreneurship of fellow Native Americans. [17] (#cite_note-17) Personal [ edit ] Bethany Yellowtail is a member of the Northern Cheyenne Nation, and hails from the Mighty Few District of the Crow Nation in Southeastern Montana. Yellowtail is now located in Los Angeles, where she relocated to launch her company. [7] (#cite_note-Bethany_Yellowtail-7) Yellowtail has always had a passion for fashion since her youth. She took an interest in sewing and beadwork, which her aunt and grandmother taught her on the reservation. She started making powwow shawls for her family and further developed her skills by making clothes in her home economics class in high school. She feels grateful to have this creative outlet as a Native Youth but recalls the judgment she faced from others when she expressed wanting to turn this hobby into a career. [1] (https://nativemaxmagazine.com/a-day-in-the-beautiful-life-bethany-yellowtail/) Gallery work [ edit ] Along with Bethany Yellowtail’s two fashion labels, the designer has also touched into the gallery world, such as having an artist spotlight at the Portland Art Museum. [18] (#cite_note-18) The spotlight from June 2016 discusses Yellowtail’s heritage and what drives her inspiration in the fashion industry. The Field Museum in Chicago also hosted Yellowtail in an exhibit called “Apsáalooke Women and Warriors” where her designs are featured. [19] (#cite_note-19) The exhibit features a range of works such as historical and contemporary pieces from different generations and tribes. References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Designer Profile | Bethany Yellowtail" (http://www.beyondbuckskin.com/2010/03/designer-profile-bethany-yellowtail.html) . www.beyondbuckskin.com . Retrieved 2017-03-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Meet Bethany Yellowtail, a Native American fashion designer who's inspiring a whole generation of women" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-bethany-yellowtail-los-angeles-designer-20170609-htmlstory.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . 9 June 2017. ^ a b Safronova, Valeriya (2016-12-02). "Fashion Steps Up at Standing Rock" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/02/fashion/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-pyer-moss.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2017-03-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Palmer, Alex. "These Designs Showcase the Provocative World of Native Fashion" (http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/these-designs-showcase-provocative-world-native-fashion-180962491/) . Smithsonian . Retrieved 2017-03-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Tarr, Tanya (December 15, 2016). "How This Native American CEO Is Helping Her Community Own Its Worth" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyatarr/2016/12/15/how-this-millennial-ceo-is-helping-her-tribe-own-its-worth/#55c5c0ae5615) . Forbes . Retrieved 2017-03-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_6-0) Olp, Susan. "Northern Cheyenne woman making waves in the fashion world" (https://billingsgazette.com/news/local/northern-cheyenne-woman-making-waves-in-the-fashion-world/article_6a287956-7e65-5a70-a35c-e208a2f65ac2.html) . The Billings Gazette . Retrieved 2018-03-30 . ^ a b c d Luther, Billy (2018-02-27). "alter-NATIVE Ep. 1 "Bethany Yellowtail: Sun Road Woman and Fashion Designer" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81N1zeq85c8&list=PLh_qdzak59m4_yZzJOZa3BW1Rhm0pOMab) " (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81N1zeq85c8&list=PLh_qdzak59m4_yZzJOZa3BW1Rhm0pOMab) . www.pbs.org . Indie Lens Storycast . Retrieved 2018-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Olp, Susan (2016-03-06). "NATIVE-INSPIRED DESIGNS Northern Cheyenne woman making waves in the fashion world" (https://billingsgazette.com/news/local/northern-cheyenne-woman-making-waves-in-the-fashion-world/article_6a287956-7e65-5a70-a35c-e208a2f65ac2.html) . Billings Gazette . Retrieved 2018-03-25 . ^ a b "CFDA" (https://cfda.com/news/bethany-yellowtail-on-supporting-community-and-culture) . cfda.com . Retrieved 2024-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "B.Yellowtail" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180331040631/https://www.byellowtail.com/our-story/) . byellowtail.com . Archived from the original (https://www.byellowtail.com/our-story/) on 31 March 2018 . Retrieved 30 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Artist in Business Leadership Fellows Bethany Yellowtail" (http://www.firstpeoplesfund.org/bethany-yellowtail/) . First Peoples Fund . Retrieved 30 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "FIRST PEOPLES FUND ARTIST LEAVES CORPORATE JOB BEHIND TO START HER OWN NATIVE FASHION LINE" (http://www.firstpeoplesfund.org/news/e-spirit/1505-yellowtail/) . First Peoples Fund Blog . 24 May 2015 . Retrieved 30 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Marinelli, Gina (2018-03-29). "It's 2018—Why Is Fashion Still Appropriating Indigenous Culture?" (https://www.whowhatwear.com/amp/bethany-yellowtail-native-american-fashion--5abbcb31a8614) . Who What Wear . Retrieved 30 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Yellowtail, Bethany. "About Us" (https://byellowtail.com/pages/about-us) . b.yellowtail . Retrieved April 10, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Home" (https://www.indigenouswomenrise.org/) . indigenouswomenrise.org . Retrieved 2018-03-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "THE REZ GIRLS MENTORSHIP FUND" (https://byellowtail.com/pages/rez-girls-fund) . B.YELLOWTAIL . Retrieved 2024-04-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "The Collective" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180331040631/https://www.byellowtail.com/our-story/) . byellowtail.com . Archived from the original (https://www.byellowtail.com/our-story/) on 31 March 2018 . Retrieved 30 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) laura (2016-06-16). "Native Fashion Now Artist Spotlight: Bethany Yellowtail" (https://portlandartmuseum.org/native-fashion-now-artist-spotlight-bethany-yellowtail/) . Portland Art Museum . Retrieved 2022-11-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Field Museum, UChicago exhibition upends traditional Native American representations | University of Chicago News" (https://news.uchicago.edu/story/exhibition-upends-traditional-native-american-representations) . news.uchicago.edu . 5 March 2020 . Retrieved 2022-11-14 . External links [ edit ] byellowtail.com/ (https://www.byellowtail.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐gzdn7 Cached time: 20240701000017 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.358 seconds Real time usage: 0.476 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2390/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35466/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1486/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72023/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.225/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6664953/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 444.085 1 -total 40.88% 181.526 1 Template:Reflist 34.57% 153.501 1 Template:Infobox_person 29.96% 133.033 14 Template:Cite_web 18.28% 81.160 1 Template:Short_description 12.58% 55.878 2 Template:Pagetype 6.97% 30.932 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.85% 30.429 18 Template:Main_other 5.57% 24.748 5 Template:Cite_news 5.00% 22.205 1 Template:Wikidata_image Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53534990-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701000017 and revision id 1231916704. 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An Eastern-Han golden belt hook, hammered and chiseled with designs of mythical animals and birds (/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion) The belt hook is a device for fastening (/wiki/Fastener) that predates the belt buckle (/wiki/Belt_buckle) . [1] (#cite_note-Kipfer-1) [2] (#cite_note-Wagner1993-2) History [ edit ] East Asia [ edit ] An Eastern-Han belt hook The earliest archaeological evidence of belt hooks date to the 7th century BCE, in East Asia. [1] (#cite_note-Kipfer-1) Belt hooks were made with bronze, iron, gold, and jade. [1] (#cite_note-Kipfer-1) Texts from Warring States period (/wiki/Warring_States_period) China claim that the belt hook originates from Central Asian nomads, although belt hooks have been found in China predating the Warring States. [2] (#cite_note-Wagner1993-2) The equestrian tradition, initially foreign to China, was tightly related to wearing belted pants, thus belt hooks became one of the features of " barbaric (/wiki/Hua%E2%80%93Yi_distinction) " exoticism. As such, the hooks became an object of aesthetic contemplation. For example, Qu Yuan (/wiki/Qu_Yuan) ( c. 340-278 BCE ) compares beautiful women to the belt hooks xianbei ( 鮮卑 ). [3] (#cite_note-3) Europe [ edit ] Belt hooks have also been found in Celtic (/wiki/Celts) archaeological sites. [4] (#cite_note-Harding-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Kipfer, Barbara Ann (30 April 2000). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology . Springer. p. 64. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-306-46158-3 . ^ a b Wagner, Donald B. (1993). Iron and Steel in Ancient China . BRILL. p. 169. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-09632-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mair, Victor H. (2006). "Kinesis versus Stasis, Interaction versus Independent Invention" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054625/http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/books/mair-contact-intro.pdf) (PDF) . In Mair, Victor H.; Bentley, Jerry H.; Yang, Anand A. (eds.). Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World . University of Hawai‘i Press. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/books/mair-contact-intro.pdf) (PDF) on 4 March 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-Harding_4-0) Harding, D. W. (/wiki/Dennis_Harding) (18 June 2007). Archaeology of Celtic Art . Psychology Press. p. 124. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-35177-5 . 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French luxury swimwear Vilebrequin Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded Saint Tropez (/wiki/Saint_Tropez) , France 1971 ; 53 years ago ( 1971 ) Founder Fred Prysquel Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland Key people Fred Prysquel Loïc Berthet Roland Herlory Products Swim wear (/wiki/Swim_wear) , Resort wear (/wiki/Resort_wear) , Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) G-III Apparel Group (/wiki/G-III_Apparel_Group) Website www (http://www.vilebrequin.com) .vilebrequin (http://www.vilebrequin.com) .com (http://www.vilebrequin.com) Vilebrequin, King's Road (/wiki/King%27s_Road) , London, 2022 Vilebrequin is a French luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) brand specializing in swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) and ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) for men and women. [1] (#cite_note-official-1) [2] (#cite_note-newyorker-2) [3] (#cite_note-suzy-3) [4] (#cite_note-suzynewyork-4) The brand was created in 1971 in Saint Tropez (/wiki/Saint_Tropez) by Fred Prysquel, a photographer and sports automobile journalist and Yvette, a fashion designer. One interesting fact is Fred is colorblind and Yvette picks out all the colors. [1] (#cite_note-official-1) [4] (#cite_note-suzynewyork-4) [5] (#cite_note-fox-5) The brand has stores in Saint-Tropez, Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) , Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Monte Carlo (/wiki/Monte_Carlo) , Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and Washington DC (/wiki/Washington_DC) , [6] (#cite_note-6) among others. [3] (#cite_note-suzy-3) [4] (#cite_note-suzynewyork-4) [7] (#cite_note-locator-7) It was due to Prysquel's passion for automobiles that he named his brand, Vilebrequin, the French word for " crankshaft (/wiki/Crankshaft) ". History [ edit ] In 1971, Fred Prysquel, photographer and automobile journalist (/wiki/Journalist) , sketched and cut out a swimsuit design from a paper tablecloth in a Saint Tropezian café. Inspired by the swimsuits of surfers at the time, he created a longer boxer short (/wiki/Boxer_short) style much different than the shorter and fitted swimsuits of that period. Designed from spinnaker (/wiki/Spinnaker) cloth, his l swimsuit was bright, original and designed to dry quickly in the sun. In 1991, fellow Tropezian and textile worker, Loïc Berthet, took over the brand and added new styles and models. To men's swim trunks, he added a back pocket secured with Velcro (/wiki/Velcro) , eyelet holes made from a stainless alloy, Zamac (/wiki/Zamac) , and a cotton lining. In 1994, Vilebrequin expanded its collection to include boys' garments. Between 1990 and 2000, the brand expanded worldwide and opened locations in London (/wiki/London) , Alassio (/wiki/Alassio) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) and Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) . The brand also developed a network of distribution partners in over 50 countries. In 2012, Vilebrequin was acquired by the American company G-III Apparel Group (/wiki/G-III_Apparel_Group) , Ltd., which also licenses Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , and Karl Lagerfeld Paris (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Roland Herlory, prior general director for Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) Latin America and Caribbean, became the new CEO. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2013, after more than 40 years in menswear, Vilebrequin launched their first ladies' line and extended their product offering to also include resort wear as well as luxury beach accessories for both men and women. In 2014, Vilebrequin opened stores with a particular focus on expansion throughout Asia with openings in South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) , Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) and Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) . In 2013, the brand released a men's collector (/wiki/Veblen_goods) swimsuit embroidered in gold thread with solely 20 models available. In 2014, the model was replicated and sapphire (/wiki/Sapphire) elements were added. In 2020, the brand collaborated with American artist Derrick Adams (/wiki/Derrick_Adams) to create a capsule collection of swim shorts, inspired by Adams’ ‘Floaters’ series. [10] (#cite_note-10) Distribution [ edit ] As of 2014, Vilebrequin is present across 5 continents and in 52 countries with more than 150 stores. The brand has e-shops in Europe and the United States. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] [11] (#cite_note-11) ^ Jump up to: a b Official website (http://www.vilebrequin.com/fr/brand) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120119035902/http://www.vilebrequin.com/fr/brand) January 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-newyorker_2-0) The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) , Volume 77, 2001, p. 10 [1] (https://books.google.com/books?id=uRgnAQAAIAAJ&q=vilebrequin+swimwear) ^ Jump up to: a b Suzy Gershman (/wiki/Suzy_Gershman) , Suzy Gershman's Born to Shop Italy: The Ultimate Guide for Travelers Who Love to Shop , John Wiley & Sons, 2010, p. 293 [2] (https://books.google.com/books?id=DPXiC_ruDiQC&dq=vilebrequin+swimwear&pg=PA293) ^ Jump up to: a b c Suzy Gershman, Suzy Gershman's Born to Shop New York: The Ultimate Guide for People Who Love to Shop , Frommer's, 2008, p. 212 [3] (https://books.google.com/books?id=uCXkVBmcpwUC&dq=vilebrequin+swimwear&pg=PA212) ^ (#cite_ref-fox_5-0) Adam Fox, 'Vilebrequin swimwear', on AskMen.com (/wiki/AskMen.com) [4] (http://uk.askmen.com/fashion/apparel/vilebrequin-swimwear.html) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Luxury Boutiques and Shops in Houston | Fashion for Women and Men" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170425112001/http://riveroaksdistrict.com/shops) . Archived from the original (http://www.riveroaksdistrict.com/shops) on 2017-04-25 . Retrieved 2017-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-locator_7-0) Vilebrequin Official website store location (http://www.vilebrequin.com/fr/locator) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120224191810/http://www.vilebrequin.com/fr/locator) February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "G-III buys luxury swimwear brand Vilebrequin for about $106 mln" (https://www.reuters.com/article/giiiapparelgroup-acquisition-vilebrequin-idUSL4E8J76PJ20120807) . Reuters . 2012-08-07 . Retrieved 2020-06-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "G-III buys Vilebrequin for $106 million" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/g-iii-buys-vilebrequin-106-224350007.html) . finance.yahoo.com . Retrieved 2020-06-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Vilebrequin's artist-approved swimwear makes a style splash" (https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/vilebrequin-derrick-adams-collection) . 20 November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Rod Hagwood, 'NHL and NFL players model Vilebrequin swimwear at Ritz-Carlton Palm Beach', in South Florida Sun-Sentinel (/wiki/South_Florida_Sun-Sentinel) , December 7th, 2011 [5] (http://blogs.sun-sentinel.com/features_fashion/2011/12/nhl-and-nfl-players-model-vilebrequin-swimwear-at-ritz-carlton-palm-beach.html) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐ms6sw Cached time: 20240713175659 Cache expiry: 1576983 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.395 seconds Real time usage: 0.682 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1740/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17353/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1971/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20914/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.224/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4506929/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 476.974 1 -total 36.32% 173.224 1 Template:Reflist 34.26% 163.414 1 Template:Infobox_company 31.67% 151.035 1 Template:Infobox 26.20% 124.963 3 Template:Cite_web 18.60% 88.709 1 Template:Short_description 10.80% 51.511 2 Template:Pagetype 9.04% 43.120 1 Template:Citation_needed 7.74% 36.938 1 Template:Fix 5.18% 24.700 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34598318-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713175659 and revision id 1144944748. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vilebrequin&oldid=1144944748 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vilebrequin&oldid=1144944748) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies established in 1971 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1971) Clothing companies of France (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_France) French brands (/wiki/Category:French_brands) Clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands) French companies established in 1971 (/wiki/Category:French_companies_established_in_1971) Companies based in Geneva (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Geneva) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2015)
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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/What_Every_Woman_Wants_(retail_chain)) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "What Every Woman Wants" retail chain (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22What+Every+Woman+Wants%22+retail+chain) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22What+Every+Woman+Wants%22+retail+chain+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22What+Every+Woman+Wants%22+retail+chain&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22What+Every+Woman+Wants%22+retail+chain+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22What+Every+Woman+Wants%22+retail+chain) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22What+Every+Woman+Wants%22+retail+chain&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) What Every Woman Wants Industry Retail Founded 1971 Founder Gerald Weisfeld (/wiki/Gerald_Weisfeld) Defunct 2003 Fate Merged Headquarters Glasgow (/wiki/Glasgow) , Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) What Every Woman Wants (sometimes abbreviated to WEWW, and later styled as What Everyone Wants ) was a British chain of discount stores (/wiki/Discount_stores) . In 1971, it was founded by Vera and Gerald Weisfeld (/wiki/Gerald_Weisfeld) in Glasgow (/wiki/Glasgow) , and became a national chain in 1990, after being sold by the Weisfelds for £50 million to Amber Day and later in 1997 to Brown & Jackson. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Over 130 stores [2] (#cite_note-2) were opened in Britain, in towns such as Blackburn (/wiki/Blackburn) , Leyland (/wiki/Leyland,_Lancashire) , Ormskirk (/wiki/Ormskirk) , Hartlepool (/wiki/Hartlepool) , and Swansea (/wiki/Swansea) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Openings for What Everyone Wants and Brunswick Shoes in Accrington (/wiki/Accrington) were planned, but never happened. Their television commercials used the hook (/wiki/Hook_(music)) from the song by Status Quo (/wiki/Status_Quo_(band)) of 1979, " Whatever You Want (/wiki/Whatever_You_Want_(Status_Quo_song)) ". [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1990, the Weisfelds sold What Everyone Wants to Amber Day, a company run by Philip Green (/wiki/Philip_Green) . [5] (#cite_note-ind_emperor-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) After selling, the Weisfelds founded a new discount department store in Glasgow, named Weisfelds, in 1994. Located in the old Goldbergs (/wiki/Goldbergs) buildings (Goldbergs having closed in 1990), it had a similar style and range of merchandise to their original WEWW business. However, the venture failed to repeat the success of the original and closed in 1999; the buildings eventually fell into dereliction and were purchased by Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) who later sold the site. The 130-store What Everyone Wants chain was sold to Tradegro in August 2002, but went into administration the following month. [7] (#cite_note-7) It underwent numerous change of owners, including Philip Green, before Brown and Jackson took ownership at the end. When Brown and Jackson sold it to Tradegro Daan Venter took on the role as CEO and changed the name to Everyone Wants and used the slogan 'Value, Style and Quality'. They eventually closed all stores during March 2003, after no buyers offered enough money for the administrators to agree to sell. [8] (#cite_note-8) One of the first stores to close was the main store in Argyle Street, Glasgow (/wiki/Argyle_Street,_Glasgow) , and one of the last was in Irvine, North Ayrshire (/wiki/Irvine,_North_Ayrshire) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "BBC News | The Company File | What Everyone Wants - profits" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/155812.stm) . news.bbc.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "What Every Woman Wants founder dies aged 79 after long-term illness battle" (https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/what-every-woman-wants-founder-21270520) . Daily Record . 13 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Gerald Weisfeld: Founder of What Every Woman Wants chain dies" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-51093802) . BBC . 14 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "What Every Woman Wants tycoon dies at 79" (https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/18157793.every-woman-wants-tycoon-dies-79/) . The Herald . 14 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-ind_emperor_5-0) "Emperor in New Clothes: In the glory days Amber Day boss Philip Green could talk the City into anything. When deeds fell short of the words, suddenly no one was listening. Chris Blackhurst and Martin Tomkinson on the fall of a whizkid (CORRECTED)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181210044602/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/emperor-in-new-clothes-in-the-glory-days-amber-day-boss-philip-green-could-talk-the-city-into-1553869.html) . The Independent. 27 September 1992. Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/emperor-in-new-clothes-in-the-glory-days-amber-day-boss-philip-green-could-talk-the-city-into-1553869.html) on 10 December 2018. Philip Green [..] the chairman and chief executive of Amber Day, the store group that [..] now owns the What Everyone Wants budget shops [..] he bought What Everyone Wants in May 1990 from the Weisfeld family for pounds [sic] 47m. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Gerald Weisfeld" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gerald-weisfeld-b0tls8l2z) . The Times . 15 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "What Everyone Wants finds no takers" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2840385/What-Everyone-Wants-finds-no-takers.html) . www.telegraph.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Historic 'What Every Woman Wants' store in Glasgow demolished" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-50521433) . BBC . 22 November 2019. 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Athletic apparel retailer Alo Yoga Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail Founded 2007 ; 17 years ago ( 2007 ) in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California, U.S. Founders Danny Harris Marco DeGeorge Headquarters Beverly Hills, California (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) , U.S. Key people Danny Harris ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Color Image Apparel (/wiki/Color_Image_Apparel) Website www (https://www.aloyoga.com/) .aloyoga (https://www.aloyoga.com/) .com (https://www.aloyoga.com/) Alo Yoga is an American athletic apparel retailer headquartered in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . It was founded in 2007 by Danny Harris and Marco DeGeorge. History [ edit ] Alo Yoga was founded in 2007 in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) by Danny Harris and Marco DeGeorge, childhood friends who had become interested in yoga (/wiki/Yoga) as a treatment for anxiety and a back injury respectively. [1] (#cite_note-BF2023-1) The name stands for "air, land, and ocean". [1] (#cite_note-BF2023-1) The brand rose to prominence when celebrities who received free products such as Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , Hailey Bieber (/wiki/Hailey_Bieber) , and Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) wore Alo in paparazzi photographs. [2] (#cite_note-Fa2017-2) [3] (#cite_note-WSJ2023-3) Alo's headquarters in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) feature yoga studios, gyms, and other amenities. [2] (#cite_note-Fa2017-2) [3] (#cite_note-WSJ2023-3) As of October 2023 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alo_Yoga&action=edit) , the company has more than 50 brick-and-mortar stores (which it calls "sanctuaries"), which feature yoga studios and cafés. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Alo has expanded beyond athletic wear. A skincare brand, Alo Glow System, was launched in December 2020. [6] (#cite_note-6) At New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) in September 2022, Alo introduced the Aspen Collection, a luxury line of ski wear and non-fungible tokens (/wiki/Non-fungible_token) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The company began selling sneakers in May 2023. [8] (#cite_note-8) The focus on the sneaker changed in March 2024, and is now marketed as a recovery sneaker, which aims to support balance and pressure points for all-day recovery. Its next luxury line, the Alo Atelier formalwear collection, was launched in October 2023. [9] (#cite_note-9) Alo promotes mindfulness and posts images of yoga practitioners on its Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) page. [2] (#cite_note-Fa2017-2) The company became the "official wellness partner" of New York Fashion Week in September 2021, holding yoga workshops and other events. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Pearl, Diana (February 6, 2023). "Is This Alo Yoga's Moment?" (https://archive.today/20230206070405/https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/marketing-pr/is-this-alo-yogas-moment/) . The Business of Fashion . Archived from the original (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/marketing-pr/is-this-alo-yogas-moment/) on February 6, 2023. ^ Jump up to: a b c Soo Hoo, Fawnia (March 28, 2017). "How Alo Yoga Became an Instagirl Favorite Without Really Trying" (https://fashionista.com/2017/03/alo-yoga) . Fashionista (/wiki/Fashionista_(website)) . Retrieved November 22, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Satran, Rory (May 27, 2023). "Alo Yoga Is Beating Lululemon at Its Own Game" (https://archive.today/20230530135040/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/alo-yoga-workout-sets-a8a15492) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Archived from the original (https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/alo-yoga-workout-sets-a8a15492) on May 30, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Summerville, Abigail; Wang, Echo (October 30, 2023). "Exclusive: Alo Yoga parent seeks investment at $10 bln valuation – sources" (https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/alo-yoga-parent-seeks-investment-10-bln-valuation-sources-2023-10-30/) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . Retrieved November 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Breen, Jasmina (June 20, 2023). "Inside Alo Yoga's Activewear Empire" (https://insider.fitt.co/inside-alo-yogas-activewear-empire/) . Fitt Insider . Retrieved November 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Rodulfo, Kristina (December 8, 2020). "Alo Yoga Launched A Skincare Line—Here's My Honest Review" (https://www.womenshealthmag.com/beauty/a34894829/alo-yoga-glow-system-skincare-review/) . Women's Health (/wiki/Women%27s_Health_(magazine)) . Retrieved November 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Schulz, Madeleine (February 1, 2023). "Alo Yoga rolls out digital twins to accompany its premium ski collection" (https://archive.today/20230202203634/https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/alo-yoga-rolls-out-digital-twins-to-accompany-its-premium-ski-collection) . Vogue Business (/wiki/Vogue_Business) . Archived from the original (https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/alo-yoga-rolls-out-digital-twins-to-accompany-its-premium-ski-collection) on February 2, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Pastore, Alexandra (May 19, 2023). "Alo Yoga Expands Into Footwear With Unisex Lifestyle Sneaker" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/alo-yoga-launches-unisex-lifestyle-sneaker-1235657392/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved November 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Zwieglinska, Zofia (October 19, 2023). "Exclusive: Alo Yoga launches Alo Atelier luxury collection" (https://www.glossy.co/fashion/exclusive-alo-yoga-launches-alo-atelier-luxury-collection/) . Glossy . Retrieved November 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Spruch-Feiner, Sara (September 12, 2022). "NYFW Briefing: After being an 'official wellness partner,' Alo Yoga makes its fashion show debut" (https://www.glossy.co/fashion/after-being-an-official-wellness-partner-alo-yoga-makes-its-nyfw-show-debut/) . Glossy . Retrieved November 22, 2023 . 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Traditional clothing of flamenco dancers of Andalusia Traje de flamenca Flamenco dancer wearing a traje de flamenca or traje de gitana holding a Manila shawl (/wiki/Manila_shawl) Type Dress (/wiki/Dress) Place of origin Andalusia (/wiki/Andalusia) , Spain Introduced 19th century The traje de flamenca ("flamenco outfit") or traje de gitana [1] (#cite_note-YoDona-1) (" Gitana (/wiki/Romani_people_in_Spain) outfit") is the dress traditionally worn by women at Ferias (festivals) in Andalusia (/wiki/Andalusia) , Spain. There are two forms: one worn by dancers and the other worn as a day dress. The day dress is body-hugging to mid-thigh, and then continues in multiple layers of ruffles to the ankle. Modern interpretations of the style are difficult to walk in, let alone dance. The dancers' version therefore flares out from higher on the hip to allow freedom of movement. Both versions are trimmed with layers of ruffles (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) on both the skirt (/wiki/Skirt) and sleeves (/wiki/Sleeve) . The dress is typically brightly colored, usually in black, red or and may be either plain or patterned, with the most famous being the polka dotted (/wiki/Polka_dot) traje de lunares . [2] (#cite_note-2) Traditionally, the outfit is completed with a shawl (/wiki/Shawl) ( mantón de Manila (/wiki/Mant%C3%B3n_de_Manila) ) worn over the shoulders. The traditional dancer will also wear her hair in a bun adorned with flowers, and perhaps a decorative hair comb (/wiki/Peineta_(comb)) . The outfit is attributed to the Gitanos (/wiki/Romani_people_in_Spain) ( Roma people (/wiki/Romani_people) of Spain), but is now generally thought of as typically Andalusian (/wiki/Andalusia) . It is also worn by chulapas in Madrid. The outfit originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when women vendors dressed in modest calico (/wiki/Calico_(textile)) gowns trimmed with ruffles came to the fairs along with livestock traders. In time, women of the propertied classes copied these outfits. Ever since the Seville Exposition of 1929 (/wiki/Seville_Exposition_of_1929) , the traje de flamenca has had a status as the official outfit of the event. [3] (#cite_note-Abril-3) Fashion [ edit ] Shop of trajes de flamenca in Seville (/wiki/Seville) . Dancer in the typical traje de lunares . The traje de flamenca has undergone changes over the century or more that it has been in widespread use. For example, in the 1960s and '70s, the skirts became shorter, with skirts reaching only to the middle of the calf or even to the knee (the so-called Marisol (/wiki/Marisol_(actress)) style). Beginning in the 1970s, the frogs are dropped back to the ankle so that they are not distracting on the legs. [3] (#cite_note-Abril-3) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) wore a flamenco dress in the video for her 1987 signature song La Isla Bonita (/wiki/La_Isla_Bonita) . This was her first song to have a Latino influence and was a tribute to the beauty of the Latin people according to Madonna. Following its release, the video achieved worldwide popularity, and the flamenco red dress she wore became a trend later. In the early 21st century there are a wide variety of designs of traje de flamenca for women and girls. They come in a variety of colors, plain or patterned, with short or long sleeves, and more or fewer ruffles. This folkloric outfit has inspired numerous Spanish and international fashion designers, among them Victorio & Lucchino (/w/index.php?title=Victorio_%26_Lucchino&action=edit&redlink=1) , who have their own line of trajes de flamenca . Others who have been influenced include Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , Valentino Garavani (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) , and Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) . [ citation needed ] New designs in trajes de flamenca ae shown annually at the Salón Internacional de la Moda Flamenca ( SIMOF ), which celebrated its 15th year in 2009. The event takes place at the start of the year in Seville (/wiki/Seville) . In 2009, 32 designers showed 1,200 different outfits; there were also fashion accessories from 90 firms. [4] (#cite_note-4) Notes [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Traje de flamenca (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Traje_de_flamenca) . ^ (#cite_ref-YoDona_1-0) (in Spanish) El traje de gitana en 20 sencillos pasos (http://www.elmundo.es/yodona/2015/04/22/5537935122601d9c748b4573.html) , Nancy Pereda (/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Pereda&action=edit&redlink=1) , 22 April 2015, Yo Dona (/w/index.php?title=Yo_Dona&action=edit&redlink=1) , El Mundo (/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Traje de flamenca (http://www.esflamenco.com/scripts/news/esnews.asp?frmIdPagina=693) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100205002827/http://www.esflamenco.com/scripts/news/esnews.asp?frmIdPagina=693) 2010-02-05 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , esflamenco.com ^ Jump up to: a b Traje de flamenca en la feria de Abril (http://www.altur.com/esp/psevilla/sevilla/trajegi.php3) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100501001724/http://www.altur.com/esp/psevilla/sevilla/trajegi.php3) 2010-05-01 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , altur.com. ^ (#cite_ref-4) SIMOF 2009 (http://www.hoymujer.com/reportajes/unica,pasarela,moda,flamenca,73073,1,2009.html) , hoymujer.com. 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Ability of fabric to transfer moisture vapor Breathability is the ability of a fabric to allow moisture vapor (/wiki/Vapor) to be transmitted through the material. Mechanism [ edit ] Air permeability (/wiki/Air_permeability) is the ability of a fabric to allow air to pass through it. While air permeable fabrics tend to have relatively high moisture vapor transmission, it is not necessary to be air permeable to be breathable. Moisture Vapor Transfer (MVT) in waterproof fabrics occurs by two processes: Physical: Hydrophobic (water fearing) are water proof, yet steam permeable -microporous coatings or laminations have pores that are so small that liquid water cannot go through. However, vapor water molecules are many times smaller than the liquid state and can pass through these “micro pores”. Chemical: Hydrophilic (/wiki/Hydrophilic) (water loving) / non-porous lamination or coating move moisture by chemical diffusion. The water molecule is positively charged and the hydrophilic PU is negatively charged, attracting the water through the intermolecular gaps of the PU. Because the ionic bond is relatively weak, the water then gets pushed through the gaps until the water vapor passes all the way through. Driving Force is the difference in the level of heat and humidity on one side of the material compared to the other side. Also known as the Differential Pressure. By the second law of thermodynamics (/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics) moisture will move towards dry. Therefore, warm, moist air will flow towards cold, dry air until there is an equilibrium. Due to body heat and moisture there is almost always higher heat and humidity inside a clothing system. This creates a differential pressure (/wiki/Differential_pressure) forcing the heat and humidity toward the outside. The greater the difference between the heat and humidity inside the clothing system and the outside, the greater the Differential Pressure to push that heat and humidity out. Testing [ edit ] Upright Cup test [ edit ] Also known as JIS L 1099, JIS Z 0208, ISO 2528, Desiccant Method of ASTM E96, JIS K 6328 (JIS is short for Japanese Industry Standards). The A-1 method uses Calcium Chloride solution to simulate sweat while A-2 method uses just water. A desiccant, calcium chloride, is put into a cup. A piece of fabric is then secured over the cup and placed in a controlled environment. Then after period of time the cup is weighed to see how much water has been “pulled” into the cup through the fabric. The weight is then extrapolated to show the number of grams of sweat passing through a square meter fabric in 24 hours. Range Performance (g m −2 d −1 ) Low <4,000 Moderate 4,000 to 8,000 High >9,000 Typical maximum with current technologies are in 15,000 range. High-performance fabrics may get A1 test scores in 10,000 to 15,000 g m −2 d −1 range and usually shows that a fabric has a fairly quick release of moisture, but may not be the best over longer periods of use. Inverted Cup [ edit ] Also known as JIS L 1099 is similar to the ASTM E96-BW test method. A desiccant, potassium acetate, is put into a cup and sealed with a piece of ePTFE ( Teflon (/wiki/Teflon) /Stedfast/ Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) film). The fabric to be tested is then placed over the cup with the fabric side to the cup. The cup is then inverted into a pan of water. Then after period of time the cup is weighed to see how much water has been “pulled” into the cup through the fabric. The weight is then extrapolated to yield the number of grams of fluid passing through a square meter of fabric in 24 hours. The B-1 variant of test method puts membrane in direct contact with water while B-2 variant adds an ePTFE film between the water and the fabric. While B-2 is a good test, it eliminates the effect of fabric when in direct contact with water. When sweat condenses on the inside of a fabric with a hydrophilic laminate, the lamination will actively pull the water through the fabric reducing condensation. This can be a tremendous addition to the comfort of the user. The B-2 test is also best used for non-waterproof fabrics, so the water in the pan does not pass directly through the uncoated fabric. Range Performance (g m −2 d −1 ) Low <10,000 Moderate 10,000 to 20,000 High >20,000 Current upper range is 30,000 g m −2 d −1 . Sweating Hot Plate [ edit ] Also known as ISO – 11092 or the Ret or Hohenstein test (/w/index.php?title=Hohenstein_test&action=edit&redlink=1) . In this test, fabric is placed above a porous ( sintered (/wiki/Sintered) ) metal plate. The plate is heated and water is channeled into the metal plate, simulating perspiration. The plate is then kept at a constant temperature. As water vapor passes through the plate and the fabric, it causes Evaporative Heat Loss and therefore more energy is needed to keep the plate at a constant temperature. Ret is the measurement of the resistance to evaporative heat loss. The lower the Ret value, the less resistance to moisture transfer and therefore higher breathability. Hohenstein added a unique aspect to their testing. They had real people wear garments made with the fabrics of varying Ret values and work out on a treadmill. They gathered the comments of the testers and correlated this to the Ret values of the fabrics and came up with a Comfort Rating System. Range Performance Ret 0-6 Very good or Extremely Breathable. Comfortable at higher activity rate. Ret 6 to 13 Good or Very Breathable. Comfortable at moderate activity rate. Ret 13 to 20 Satisfactory or Breathable. Uncomfortable at high activity rate. Ret 20 to 30 Unsatisfactory or Slightly Breathable. Moderate comfort at low activity rate. Ret 30+ Unsatisfactory or Not Breathable. Uncomfortable and short tolerance time. The testers could not perceive a difference in the garments made with fabrics within these ranges. So, a garment made with a 40 Ret fabric and one made with 55 Ret fabric did not have a perceivable comfort difference in use. Comparison of Test Methods [ edit ] Ret, A1, B1 and B2 test results do not correlate with each other. Two fabrics may have a B1 of 10,000gr, but one can be 10,000 A1 and the other 4,000 A1. It all depends on the type of coating or lamination and how it moves moisture. Typically hydrophobic coatings perform better than hydrophilic laminations on the Ret and A1 Test. And vice versa, the hydrophilic laminations will perform better on the B1 test. Technology Comparison [ edit ] Below is very generalized positioning of technologies. Technologies Ret B1 A1 Non-coated fabrics 2-4 25,000++ Not applicable MemBrain, and Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) Pro 2L-3L, Toray Dermizax NX 3L 4-6 25,000+ 4,000 - 8,000 Gore-Tex PacLite, Performance 2L, Entrant HB, PreCip Plus 6 – 8 15,000+ 8,000 – 15,000+ Gore-Tex Performance 3L, PreCip, MemBrain 10, Entrant GII 7 - 10 10 – 15,000 5,000 – 12,000 Windstopper (/wiki/Windstopper) Softshell, Low end Entrant, most Softshells with film 8 - 13 6 – 10,000 Not applicable See also [ edit ] Breathing (/wiki/Breathing) External links [ edit ] Breathability Comparison of Commercial Outerwear Shell Layers (http://www.verber.com/mark/outdoors/gear/breathability.pdf) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐75759f6667‐w5sc4 Cached time: 20240707124841 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.061 seconds Real time usage: 0.106 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 178/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1018/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 497/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.025/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1019508/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 79.982 1 Template:Short_description 100.00% 79.982 1 -total 59.58% 47.656 2 Template:Pagetype 23.18% 18.536 2 Template:Main_other 20.39% 16.312 1 Template:SDcat 3.10% 2.478 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:13556812-0!canonical and timestamp 20240707124841 and revision id 1218381173. 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Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 2010 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2010) 2011 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2011) 2012 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2012) 2013 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2013) 2014 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2014) 2015 2016 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2017) 2018 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2018) 2019 2020 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐2sc5s Cached time: 20240718002717 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.131 seconds Real time usage: 0.189 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 52/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2622/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 16/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.103/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 967789/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 177.503 1 -total 73.08% 129.724 1 Template:Navseasoncats 26.77% 47.521 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56975665-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718002717 and revision id 895646560. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 2015" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Anti Social Social Club (/wiki/Anti_Social_Social_Club) C Cactus Plant Flea Market (/wiki/Cactus_Plant_Flea_Market) Castore (/wiki/Castore) D Deb Shops (/wiki/Deb_Shops) N New Guards Group (/wiki/New_Guards_Group) Noah (brand) (/wiki/Noah_(brand)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2015&oldid=895646560 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2015&oldid=895646560) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies established in the 21st century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_21st_century) Design companies established in 2015 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_2015) Manufacturing companies established in 2015 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_2015) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) 2015 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2015_in_fashion)
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British businesswomen Kerry Taylor Born 1960 (age 63–64) Cheshire, England Nationality Buisnesswoman auctioneer Kerry Taylor is a British businesswoman and London-based vintage fashion (/wiki/Vintage_fashion) auctioneer. [1] (#cite_note-1) She created and owns the auction house Kerry Taylor Auctions, which she founded in 2003. Taylor has auctioned items worn by Princess Diana (/wiki/Princess_Diana) , [2] (#cite_note-2) Kate Middleton (/wiki/Kate_Middleton) , Amy Winehouse (/wiki/Amy_Winehouse) , Ava Gardner (/wiki/Ava_Gardner) , Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) and others. [3] (#cite_note-NYT-20120729-3) In 2009, she auctioned off a historic collection of Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) clothing and jewelry. [4] (#cite_note-4) In March 2013, Taylor auctioned off 10 of Princess Diana's dresses [5] (#cite_note-5) including the gown she wore while dancing with John Travolta (/wiki/John_Travolta) at the White House (/wiki/White_House) in 1985. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Taylor sold the so-called 'Travolta' dress again in December 2019 for a hammer price (/wiki/Hammer_price) of £220,000 to Historic Royal Palaces (/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces) . [8] (#cite_note-8) The auction house hosts six auctions a year, including the 'Passion for Fashion' auctions which focus on rare costumes and other fine clothing. Career [ edit ] Taylor went to art college in North Wales and then worked as a receptionist at the Sotheby's (/wiki/Sotheby%27s) outpost in Chester, England (/wiki/Chester,_England) selling catalogues. She continued at Sotheby's for 20 years, working to develop a collectibles department. [3] (#cite_note-NYT-20120729-3) In 2003 she decided to set up her own auction house, specialising in fashion and textiles. Originally based in West Dulwich, [9] (#cite_note-9) [ unreliable source ] the Kerry Taylor Auctions saleroom is now located in Bermondsey. Personal life [ edit ] Kerry Taylor was born in Cheshire in 1960. Taylor grew up in North Wales (/wiki/North_Wales) to a father who was a farmer. Taylor was married to Jon Baddeley (/wiki/Jon_Baddeley) , with whom she has two children. She is now married to Paul Mack, a potter. [3] (#cite_note-NYT-20120729-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Cronin, Emily. "Legendary Vintage Fashion Auctioneer Kerry Taylor on Madame Grès, Princess Di, and Why She Won't Loan Out Dresses" (https://fashionista.com/2010/06/legendary-vintage-fashion-auctioneer-kerry-taylor-on-madame-gres-princess-di-and-why-she-wont-loan-out-dresses) . Fashionista . Retrieved 7 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Kerry Taylor auctions, passion for fashion - Online Auctions Site KIOBUY" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170105110500/https://www.kiobuy.com/en/blog/87-kerry-taylor-auctions--passion-for-fashion) . www.kiobuy.com . Archived from the original (https://www.kiobuy.com/en/blog/87-kerry-taylor-auctions--passion-for-fashion) on 5 January 2017 . Retrieved 7 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Fabrikant, Geraldine (27 July 2012). "Kerry Taylor, Fashion Auctioneer" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/fashion/kerry-taylor-fashion-auctioneer.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 7 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kerry Taylor Auctions to Sell a Historic Collection of Audrey Hepburn Couture" (http://artdaily.com/news/34225/Kerry-Taylor-Auctions-to-Sell-a-Historic-Collection-of-Audrey-Hepburn-Couture-#.XHz4TogzaUk) . artdaily.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171007082145/http://artdaily.com/news/34225/Kerry-Taylor-Auctions-to-Sell-a-Historic-Collection-of-Audrey-Hepburn-Couture-) from the original on 7 October 2017 . Retrieved 7 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Princess Diana's dresses up for auction" (https://www.msnbc.com/today/watch/princess-dianas-dresses-up-for-auction-20124227780) . TODAY.com . Retrieved 7 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Kerry Taylor News | Antiques Trade Gazette" (https://www.antiquestradegazette.com/news/auctioneers/kerry-taylor/) . www.antiquestradegazette.com . Retrieved 7 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Diana's dresses to be auctioned" (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-21827632/classic-princess-diana-dresses-are-up-for-auction) . BBC News . Retrieved 7 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Davison, Marissa (11 December 2019). "Dress Diana wore for Travolta dance sells for more than $280,000" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-auction-diana-dresses/dress-diana-wore-for-travolta-dance-sells-for-more-than-280000-idUSKBN1YF12Q) . Reuters . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Past Perfect Vintage" (http://pastperfectvintage.blogspot.com/2009/08/) . pastperfectvintage.blogspot.com . Retrieved 19 February 2020 . This United Kingdom business-related biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Jamaican fashion model Alicia Burke Born 1993 or 1994 (age 29–30) Saint Catherine Parish (/wiki/Saint_Catherine_Parish) , Jamaica (/wiki/Jamaica) Occupation Model Modeling information Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Agency Pulse Models (Kingston) Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York City) Supreme Model Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (New York City, Paris, Milan) Models 1 (/w/index.php?title=Models_1&action=edit&redlink=1) (London) Le Management (Copenhagen, Stockholm) [1] (#cite_note-1) Alicia Burke is a Jamaican fashion model. Career [ edit ] Before modeling, Burke planned to become a midwife (/wiki/Midwife) . Burke was discovered by Pulse Models at their Caribbean Model Search competition, which she won; Pulse connected her to other agencies in the United States and Europe. [2] (#cite_note-2) A year later debuted at the F/W 2016 Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) show, and walked for Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , Prabal Gurung (/wiki/Prabal_Gurung) , Blumarine (/wiki/Blumarine) , and Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) among others. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Burke has also walked for Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) , Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) , La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) , Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) , Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , and Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera) . In addition to appearing on the covers of Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) [5] (#cite_note-5) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) UK , she has appeared in multiple beauty advertisements for Bobbi Brown (/wiki/Bobbi_Brown) , Gucci, Laura Mercier (/wiki/Laura_Mercier) , NARS Cosmetics (/wiki/NARS_Cosmetics) , Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , and Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , for which models.com ranks her as a "Money Girl". [6] (#cite_note-6) She has done editorials for WSJ (/wiki/WSJ) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Vogue Japan (/wiki/Vogue_Japan) , Harper's Bazaar , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) , V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , and Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Alicia Burke - Model" (https://models.com/models/alicia-burke) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Watch This Face: Alicia Burke" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a36448/watch-this-face-alicia-burke/) . Harper's Bazaar . 24 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Moss, Hilary (8 September 2016). "New Models to Watch This Season" (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/08/t-magazine/new-models-fashion-week-ulrikke-hoyer-najiyah-faretta.html) . T . New York Times. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Meet the Model Stella McCartney, Ralph Lauren, and Dolce & Gabbana Can't Get Enough Of" (https://www.vogue.com/article/alicia-burke-midwife-turned-model-stella-mccartney?verso=true) . Vogue . 3 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Alicia Burke: A model of success" (http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/flair/20170109/alicia-burke-model-success) . Jamaica Gleaner . 9 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Money Girls" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/MoneyGirls/23434#23434) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Escape to Jamaica in the Season's Best Vacation Styles" (https://graphics.wsj.com/glider/mag0319bjamaica-8a2a0a44-b616-40e0-807d-bcf773e92148) . WSJ . This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Yoruba dressing style Yoruba people in Aso Ebi (Nigeria) Yoruba Women in Aso ebi (Nigeria) Aso ebi ( Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_people) ), sometimes spelt as asoebi in Nigeria [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) is a uniform (/wiki/Uniform) dress or dressing code/style that is traditionally worn by the Yoruba People (/wiki/Yoruba_people) is an indicator of cooperation, camaraderie and solidarity during ceremonies, events and festive periods. [3] (#cite_note-Ayo-3) The purpose of wearing the dress can be to serve as self-identification with age mates, relatives or friends during social occasions or funerals. Origins [ edit ] The word aso in Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_language) means cloth and ebi denotes family, so aso ebi can be described as a family cloth usually worn during family ceremonies like weddings, funerals, naming ceremonies, birthdays etc. The practice has now spread beyond family dressing because well-wishers of a celebrant can wear the aso ebi. Aso ebi is also acculturized by other ethnic groups due to its popularity as well. Ayodele Olukoju, a Nigerian economic historian, believes aso ebi became a novelty in 1920 during a period of post- World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) economic boom [3] (#cite_note-Ayo-3) triggered by the higher prices for products such as oil palm (/wiki/Oil_palm) . William Bascom (/wiki/William_Bascom) traced the origin to an earlier period when members of Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_people) age grade (/wiki/Age_grade) wore uniform dress to mark fraternal bonds. [4] (#cite_note-Nwafor-4) [5] (#cite_note-Ajani-5) In the 1950s, members of women's organizations or egbes turned out to ceremonies and anniversaries of relatives in the same style of dress, sandals, lappa (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) , smock, or necklace; the culture signifies close friendship. The uniform dressing can also be a measure of personal affluence because aso ebi involves rivalry between various egbes or groups with each group competing to outshine each other in terms of quality, originality and richness of the uniform. [6] (#cite_note-6) 1960s and beyond [ edit ] From the mid-1960s to the late 1970s, imported lace (/wiki/Lace) and george were incorporated into Nigerian fabrics and they became popular items used for aso ebi. Increased demand for handcrafted traditional dresses such as agbada (/wiki/Agbada) led to a resurgence of tailors and fashion designers specializing in making native attires. The tailors strived to meet the increasing demand and designs of uniform dressing, sometimes with the aid of the fashion pages of magazines to make style choices. The rise of aso ebi also coincided with an intense market of fashion and lifestyle magazines in Lagos; tailors look at designs for inspiration and their patrons buy the magazines to see whether they or their friends are pictured in them. [7] (#cite_note-7) Aso ebi in recent times has become a city phenomenon that has spread to other West African cultures. [4] (#cite_note-Nwafor-4) Dealers of imported and local textile materials have benefited from the boom in demand for uniform dressing. Some textile dealers offer consultation services and bulk rates for the choice and cost of the dress and fabrics. While the price of fabrics in sewing the traditional attire is affordable, the aso ebi practice is still sometimes used as an identification with affluence. Some wear expensive embroidery and extra layers of cloth, whereas others, who cannot afford a whole outfit, add only matching tops and head coverings. [4] (#cite_note-Nwafor-4) Aso ebi has become an attire of class worn by celebrities and elites in recent times, especially Nigerian Nollywood stars. With fashion designers creatively making outfits for special occasions to meet the taste of their wealthy customers, aso ebi outfits have become a regular occurrence today. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Special occasions in Sierra Leone are often marked by the wearing of "ashobie." Ashobie means "uniform" in Krio" (https://onmissionsierraleone.wordpress.com/2011/11/29/adding-color/) . 8 October 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "This Thing About 'Ashobies' (https://www.friendsofbasse.org/news/fashion-culture-the-african-dress/) " (https://www.friendsofbasse.org/news/fashion-culture-the-african-dress/) . 8 October 2021. ^ a b Olukoju, A. (/wiki/Ayodeji_Olukoju) (1992). "Maritime Trade in Lagos in the Aftermath of the First World War". African Economic History (/wiki/African_Economic_History) . 20 : 119–135. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/3601633 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3601633) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3601633 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3601633) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 152774038 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152774038) . ^ a b c Nwafor, O. (2011). "The spectacle of aso ebi in Lagos, 1990–2008". Postcolonial Studies . 14 (1): 45–62. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/13688790.2011.542114 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13688790.2011.542114) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 143039242 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143039242) . ^ (#cite_ref-Ajani_5-0) O.A. Ajani (2012). "Aso Ebi: The Dynamics of Fashion and Cultural Commodification in Nigeria" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171229173454/http://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol5no6/5.7-AAso%20Ebi.pdf) (PDF) . The Journal of Pan African Studies . 5 (6): 108–18. Archived from the original (http://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol5no6/5.7-AAso%20Ebi.pdf) (PDF) on December 29, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Little, Kenneth. (1974). African Women in Towns: An Aspect of Africa's Social Revolution. Cambridge University Press. P. 142 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Yaakugh, Kumashe. "African Fashion: 9 Ladies Command Attention in Head-Turning Asoebi Styles" (https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/fashion/1499656-african-fashion-9-ladies-command-attention-head-turning-asoebi-styles/) . Legit Nigeria . Retrieved 26 October 2022 . 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Argentine fashion designer and stylist In this Argentine name (/wiki/Argentine_name) , the surname (/wiki/Surname) is Achaval and the marital name (/wiki/Married_name) is de Montaigu . Sofía Achaval de Montaigu Born Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , Argentina Alma mater Studio Berçot (/wiki/Studio_Ber%C3%A7ot) Occupations Fashion model stylist editor designer Spouse Thibault de Montaigu (/wiki/Thibault_de_Montaigu) Children 2 Sofía Àchaval de Montaigu is an Argentine fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) , stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) , editor and designer. Early life [ edit ] Sofía Àchaval was born and raised in Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Her family owned farms on the Pampas (/wiki/Pampas) where she would spend summers as a child. [2] (#cite_note-w-2) She went to school for film in Buenos Aires. [2] (#cite_note-w-2) Career [ edit ] Àchaval de Montaigu moved to Paris (/wiki/Paris) in 2003 at the age of 22 to study fashion at Studio Berçot (/wiki/Studio_Ber%C3%A7ot) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Her first modelling job was in a campaign for Mulberry (/wiki/Mulberry_(company)) . She also walked the runway for Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) and Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) . [4] (#cite_note-coveteur-4) She was also featured in campaigns for Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) . [2] (#cite_note-w-2) After finishing school, she started working at Azzaro as an intern and later as an assistant to Vanessa Seward (/wiki/Vanessa_Seward) . Àchaval de Montaigu retired from modelling and was hired by the American fashion magazine V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) as a stylist, eventually becoming the editor-at-large. [4] (#cite_note-coveteur-4) In 2018, Àchaval de Montaigu partnered with Lucila Sperber and Delfina Blaquier (/wiki/Delfina_Blaquier) to create the fashion label Àcheval Pampa. On 4 March 2019, their 2019-2020 Fall/Winter collection made its debut at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [4] (#cite_note-coveteur-4) In 2019, she worked as a fashion correspondent for Daily Front Row (/wiki/Daily_Front_Row) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Personal life [ edit ] Àchaval de Montaigu is married to French journalist and writer Thibault de Montaigu (/wiki/Thibault_de_Montaigu) . They have two children and have residences in Paris and Buenos Aires. [2] (#cite_note-w-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "sofía achával & thibault de montaigu « The Selby" (https://theselby.com/galleries/sofia-achaval-thibault-de-montaigu/) . Theselby.com . Retrieved 11 August 2019 . ^ a b c d Marshall, Alexandra (21 September 2018). "Why Gaucho Pants Are About To Be This Season's Hottest Item" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/sofia-achaval-de-montaigu-gaucho-pants) . Wmagazine.com . Retrieved 11 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Incheval Pampa by Sofia Achaval de Montaigu & Lucila Sperber" (http://stylecartel.com/acheval-pampa-by-sofia-achaval-de-montaigu-lucila-sperber/) . Stylecartel.com . March 7, 2018 . Retrieved 11 August 2019 . ^ a b c "Inside An Argentinian Model-Turned-Stylist-Turned-Designer's Closet" (https://coveteur.com/2018/01/08/sofia-achaval-closet-designer-stylist/) . Coveteur.com . January 8, 2018 . Retrieved 11 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Veronika Heilbrunner, Sofia Sanchez de Betak... Qui était à la soirée de présentation Àcheval Pampa ?" (https://www.vogue.fr/lifestyle/galerie/veronika-heilbrunner-sofia-sanchez-de-betak-qui-etait-a-la-soiree-de-presentation-acheval-pampa) . Vogue.fr . 5 March 2019 . Retrieved 11 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Sofia Achaval's Fall 2019 Paris Couture Diary — Fall 2019 Couture" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/sofia-achaval-fall-2019-couture-diary/) . Fashionweekdaily.com . July 8, 2019 . Retrieved 11 August 2019 . 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Cosmetics manufacturing company This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gazelli_Group) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Gazelli_Group) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gazelli_Group) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Gazelli Group" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gazelli+Group%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gazelli+Group%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gazelli+Group%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gazelli+Group%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gazelli+Group%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gazelli+Group%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazelli_Group&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( June 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Gazelli Group Ltd. , established in 1999, is a family-owned cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) manufacturing company located in Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) . Gazelli Group has created numerous brands that use ingredients found only in Azerbaijan and incorporate an aspect of traditional art (/wiki/Azerbaijani_art) , poetry (/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature) and culture. (/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan) The name of the company is derived from the word “gazel” (/wiki/Ghazal) – the Near and Middle Eastern (/wiki/Middle_Eastern) form of poetry praising beauty (/wiki/Beauty) , youth (/wiki/Youth) and love (/wiki/Love) . Formation [ edit ] Doctor Zarifa Hamzayeva, the founder and president of Gazelli Group was born in Baku. After graduating as a doctor from the University of Medicine (/wiki/Azerbaijan_Medical_University) , Baku, she worked for more than 15 years in the field of practical science and research (/wiki/Practical_science) . Dr. Hamzayeva has published more than 60 scientific papers and holds six patents. [ citation needed ] After studying the use and benefits of natural ingredients in cosmetic formulations, she launched Gazelli in 1999, working to combine traditional recipes with advanced technology. [ citation needed ] Awards [ edit ] Gazelli has taken part in numerous international cosmetic exhibitions and received the following national and international awards for quality and standards of production: SIMURG (2002) [1] (#cite_note-1) UGUR (2005) [2] (#cite_note-2) Manufacturing [ edit ] In 1999, Dr. Hamzayeva opened the Gazelli laboratory and factory. The factory is located on the outskirts of Azerbaijan’s capital, Baku. By 2006 the factory had expanded to over 10,000m 2 of production space and is now capable of producing a minimum of 1 million units per month. There are now several different cosmetics brands created by Gazelli Group. Gazelli has spread to cover other regions around the world. They now distribute to Russia (/wiki/Russia) , Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) and Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) and launched in Urban Retreat, Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) , in September 2011. Since 2021, the brand has sold products in Pakistan as well. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "«Simurq AMA» / «АКА «Симург» / ACA «Simurg»" (https://www.facebook.com/people/Simurq-AMA-%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%90-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3-ACA-Simurg/100079679808779/) . www.facebook.com . Retrieved 2023-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Winners of the "UGUR" National Award are announced:Çağ Öyrətim İşlətmələri - for contribution to | Qafqaz University" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110430052916/http://qu.edu.az/view_news.php?news=658&lang=en) . Archived from the original (http://qu.edu.az/view_news.php?news=658&lang=en) on 2011-04-30 . Retrieved 2012-05-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Gazelli Group to sell "Made in Azerbaijan" products in Pakistani markets" (https://dnd.com.pk/gazelli-group-to-sell-made-in-azerbaijan-products-in-pakistani-markets/249494) . Dispatch News Desk . 2021-07-10 . Retrieved 2022-05-09 . 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Footwear The Peshawari chappal ( Pashto (/wiki/Pashto_language) : پېښوري څپلی , Urdu (/wiki/Urdu) : پیشاوری چپل) is a traditional (/wiki/Traditional) type of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) of Pashtuns (/wiki/Pashtuns) , worn especially by Pashtuns (/wiki/Pashtun_people) in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa) region. The shoe takes its name from the city of Peshawar (/wiki/Peshawar) , [1] (#cite_note-1) where it originates. While chappal is the word for flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) or sandals (/wiki/Sandal) in Urdu, locals in Peshawar call the Peshawari Tsaplay (Pashto: څپلی ). The shoes are worn by men casually or formally, usually with the shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) . Because of their comfort, they are worn in place of sandals or slippers (/wiki/Slipper) in Pakistan. Description [ edit ] Black Peshawari chappals in Charsadda (/wiki/Charsadda) -style It is a semi-closed shoe which consists of two wide straps crossed and joined with the sole, [2] (#cite_note-2) plus a heel strap with a buckle (/wiki/Buckle) to tie according to the foot size and level of comfort. It is traditionally made with pure leather (/wiki/Leather) with its sole often made from a truck (/wiki/Truck) tyre (/wiki/Tyre_(wheel)) . It is available in many traditional designs [3] (#cite_note-3) and colours with various variations such as gold and silver embroidery, which give the shoe a more elegant look. Peshawari chappals have become increasingly popular [4] (#cite_note-4) in other parts of Pakistan; even wearing them with jeans (/wiki/Jeans) has become a fashion trend, especially among urban youth. [5] (#cite_note-5) With increased availability through e-commerce websites, they are now appearing in new designs in many cities of Pakistan and Dubai. [6] (#cite_note-6) Peshawari chappals are made from soft leather which is sewn onto the rubber tire sole. The materials are cheap, easily available and very hard-wearing. Intricate designs are added to the leather upper before the shoe is put into a mold which stretches it to size. [7] (#cite_note-7) History [ edit ] In March 2014, the Peshawari chappal became the Centre of a global fashion debate when Sir Paul Smith (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) made a similar shoe, which sold for £300. [8] (#cite_note-8) This prompted complaints on social media that the design appropriated the culture and craft of its original Pakistan makers. Over a thousand petitioners used Change.org (/wiki/Change.org) to ask the designer and U.K. government for remedy. As a result, the shoe's description on the Paul Smith website was changed to read that it was "inspired by Peshawari Chappal". [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) A new version of the chappal known as 'Kaptaan Chappal' became very popular after it was gifted to Imran Khan (/wiki/Imran_Khan) in 2015. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2019 the creator of the chappal had to pay a Rs. 50,000 fine for making snakeskin chappals. [14] (#cite_note-14) Peshawari chappals for women [ edit ] Although traditionally worn by the men of the region, the shoe style has piqued the interest of Pakistani women. After Nooruddin Shinwari presented the pair to Imran Khan, Khan's then wife Reham Khan (/wiki/Reham_Khan) said she would like a pair for herself. [15] (#cite_note-15) Many fashion brands in Pakistan, such as Mochari and Chapter 13, have started making Peshawai chappals for women. [16] (#cite_note-16) See also [ edit ] Pashtun dress (/wiki/Pashtun_dress) Pakistani dress (/wiki/Pakistani_dress) Peshawari Pagri (/wiki/Peshawari_Pagri) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Peshawari Chappal" (https://archive.today/20130125071057/http://www.hindustantimes.com/The-Peshawari-chappal/Article1-340163.aspx) . Hindustan Times. September 24, 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.hindustantimes.com/The-Peshawari-chappal/Article1-340163.aspx) on January 25, 2013 . Retrieved October 22, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) The Making of Peshawari Chappal – Innovation Punjab . Innovation.gop.pk . Retrieved August 15, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Suede Peshawari Chappal by Color Hive | Peshawar" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120402162231/http://www.myoffstreet.com/Product/18583) . myoffstreet. Archived from the original (http://www.myoffstreet.com/Product/18583) on April 2, 2012 . Retrieved October 22, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Peshawar News :: Peshawari chappal becoming fade in high society" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221236/https://thefrontierpost.com/?p=50590) . Frontier Post. August 30, 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.thefrontierpost.com/?p=50590) on January 6, 2019 . Retrieved October 22, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Peshawari Chappal with jeans becomes a youth cult" (http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=16976) . Thenews.com.pk. November 24, 2010 . Retrieved October 22, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Peshawari Chappals Ecommerce Trend in Pakistan" (https://propakistani.pk/2016/09/08/baaz-pk-bringing-peshawari-chappals-mainstream/) . ProPakistani . September 8, 2016 . Retrieved March 13, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Peshawari Chappals & Sandals sales, reviews and information" (http://www.chappals.co.uk/peshawari/) . chappals.co.uk . Retrieved April 18, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "How Paul Smith Sandals Peeved Pakistan" (https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/03/11/how-paul-smith-sandals-peeved-pakistan/) . The Wall Street Journal. March 11, 2014 . Retrieved March 11, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Paul Smith shoes and cultural appropriation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190109173635/https://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/21357/paul-smith-shoes-and-cultural-appropriation/) . tribune.com.pk . Archived from the original (http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/21357/paul-smith-shoes-and-cultural-appropriation/) on January 9, 2019 . Retrieved July 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Outrage erupts over designer's take on classic Pakistani shoe" (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/cultural-outrage-erupts-over-high-fashion-designers-take-on-pakistani-shoe/article17411025/) . The Globe and Mail . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Buncombe, Andrew (March 10, 2014). "Pakistan vs Paul Smith: Sandal-wearers bemused by famed British designer's attempts to sell traditional Peshawari chappal-style shoes for the distinctly untraditional sum of £300" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140310174510/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/pakistan-vs-paul-smith-sandalwearers-bemused-by-famed-british-designers-attempts-to-sell-traditional-peshawari-chappalstyle-shoes-for-the-distinctly-untraditional-sum-of-300-9182540.html) . The Independent . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/pakistan-vs-paul-smith-sandalwearers-bemused-by-famed-british-designers-attempts-to-sell-traditional-peshawari-chappalstyle-shoes-for-the-distinctly-untraditional-sum-of-300-9182540.html) on March 10, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Syed, Madeeha (March 18, 2014). "A chappal of two cities: The £300 Paul Smith surprise" (http://www.dawn.com/news/1092257) . Dawn . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Shinwari, Sher Alam (June 29, 2015). "Kaptaan special chapal goes online as it gains popularity" (http://www.dawn.com/news/1191086) . DAWN.COM . Retrieved June 4, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Imdad, Zahid (June 3, 2019). "Cobbler pays Rs50,000 fine for snakeskin shoes meant for PM Imran" (https://www.dawn.com/news/1486301) . Dawn . Retrieved June 4, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Peshawari Chappal magic: Reham Khan wants one" (http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/288742-Peshawari-Chappal-magic-Reham-Khan-wants-one) . Dunya News . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Head over heels for Peshawaris" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/917122/head-over-heels-for-peshawaris/) . The Express Tribune . July 8, 2015 . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Famous Peshawari Chappal . YouTube . ePeshawar. May 5, 2011. "Peshawari sandals making an International statement" (http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/peshawari-sandals-making-an-international-statement-1581890.html) . Daily Bhaskar . 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2011 Japanese film Runway Beat Film poster advertising Runway Beat in Japan Directed by Kentaro Otani Written by Izumi Takahashi Story by Maha Harada (/wiki/Maha_Harada) Produced by Yasuhiro Mase Hiroaki Saito Starring Koji Seto (/wiki/Koji_Seto) , Nanami Sakuraba (/wiki/Nanami_Sakuraba) , Mirei Kiritani (/wiki/Mirei_Kiritani) Cinematography Jun Fukumoto Production companies Shochiku, TBS (/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System) Distributed by Shochiku (/wiki/Shochiku) Release date 19 March 2011 ( 2011-03-19 ) (Japan) Running time 126 minutes Country Japan Language Japanese Box office US$ (/wiki/US_Dollar) 190,969 [1] (#cite_note-boxoffice-1) Runway Beat ( ランウェイ☆ビート , Ranwei bito ) is a 2011 Japanese drama film (/wiki/Drama_film) . This film is based on a Japanese cellphone novel (/wiki/Cellphone_novel) of the same name by Maha Harada (/wiki/Maha_Harada) . [2] (#cite_note-eiga20100715-2) Directed by Kentaro Otani (/wiki/Kentaro_Otani) , this film stars actor Koji Seto (/wiki/Koji_Seto) and actresses Nanami Sakuraba (/wiki/Nanami_Sakuraba) and Mirei Kiritani (/wiki/Mirei_Kiritani) . [2] (#cite_note-eiga20100715-2) Runway Beat revolves around the theme of fashion, and it tells the story of five teenagers who organized a fashion show. [2] (#cite_note-eiga20100715-2) Runway Beat was first released in Japan on 19 March 2011. [3] (#cite_note-eiga.com-3) The film grossed a total of US$ (/wiki/US_Dollar) 190,969 in Japan and Taiwan. [1] (#cite_note-boxoffice-1) Plot [ edit ] Beat relocates to Tsushima, Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) to live with his father, with whom he had strained relations. This is because his father chose not to see Beat's mother on her deathbed, but instead chose to stay at his fashion show. Later, when Beat visits Kirara in a nearby hospital, he meets Mei. The next day, Mei discovers that Beat will be her new classmate. On that day, however, their class was abuzz about the upcoming school festival. The class has always organized a fashion show, since the famous model Miki was in their class. Miki did not like any of her classmates' clothes designs, and threatened to cancel the fashion show. Beat decides to take up the challenge of designing something that Miki will like. Beat first overhauls Satoru's geeky image as a means to prove his ability. He succeeds, and manages to entice Miki and the rest of the class to use his fashion designs in the upcoming fashion show. Satoru also agrees to help Beat design the runway needed for the show, since Satoru is actually skilled in architectural design. The rest of the class also volunteer their services. After Miki publicized herself wearing Beat's designs on her official blog, Beat's designs were widely praised on the internet. However, World Stage, a fashion company, simply copied the designs. They also got Miki, who had a modelling contract with them, to model the stolen designs. This action caused people to cast doubt on the originality of Beat's design, causing friction amongst the class. Beat, hurt by the lack of trust, decides to pull out of the fashion show. The class later learns that their school will be closing down after the school year ends due to the lack of funding. Meanwhile, Kirara's doctor said that she would not live beyond another six months. Beat was extremely upset by this, and this further affected his morale. However, in preparation for this, Beat made many beautiful pajamas for Kirara. During this trying time, Beat starts to become closer to his father, after his father shows him a beautiful wedding dress that was meant for his mother. Mei also manages to persuade him to return to designing. The class's enthusiasm level rose again, and they paraded on the streets to publicize their upcoming fashion show. Mei suddenly confessed her love to Beat one day while he was making his designs. Shocked, Beat tells her that he is not ready for a relationship yet. Beat later finds out from his father's personal assistant the reason why his father abandoned his mother. His father refused to leave the fashion show because Beat's mother told him that if the show was successful, she would also find the strength to overcome her illness. It was then that his respect for his father increased. Before the show, the group was suddenly informed that World Stage had already booked the new event venue that they were planning to use. Miki was also told that by participating in the fashion show, she will break her contract and her future in modelling will be limited. In spite of this, however, Miki decides to continue participating in the show. The class also decided to revert to their original location, their school. It was also decided to hold the fashion show on March 20, the last day of school. With the townspeople help, they managed to prepare the stage in time for the event. Just before the event started, Beat was told that Kirara had suffered a serious infection and would have to undergo an operation. In the end, the fashion show took place more or less smoothly. Beat also invited Mei to put on the wedding dress intended for his mother and walk with him on the runway. The crowd roared their approval, and the participants finally realized that they have the potential to excel, if given the chance. Kirara's operation was also a huge success. Cast [ edit ] Koji Seto (/wiki/Koji_Seto) as Biito Mizorogi, [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) nicknamed "Beat". Son of a renowned fashion designer and grandson of a tailor, Beat has a natural talent for fashion design. Because of him, the students discover their true potential and the true meaning of life apart from the mundane routines of school. Beat later becomes a fashion designer who will hold a fashion show in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . Nanami Sakuraba (/wiki/Nanami_Sakuraba) as Mei Tsukamoto [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) Mirei Kiritani (/wiki/Mirei_Kiritani) as Miki Tachibana, [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) a famous model for the "Sweeteen" fashion magazine. Although she is very popular, she is not passionate about modeling until she saw Beat's designs. Miki later becomes a top model, and also becomes the girlfriend of Satoru. Imalu as Anna Akikawa, [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) Mei's childhood friend. Upon graduating from high school, she takes over her family's restaurant business. She also becomes a part-time deejay (/wiki/Deejay) . Kei Tanaka (/wiki/Kei_Tanaka) as Satoru Inuda Michiko Kichise (/wiki/Michiko_Kichise) as Hayato Mizorogi's assistant. She used to like Hayato and his fashion creations. She is supportive of Beat's efforts in fashion design. Rikako Murakami as Miki's mother and manager. Atsuo Nakamura (/wiki/Atsuo_Nakamura) as Zenpuku Mizorogi, [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) Beat's grandfather. He runs a tailor shop where Beat and Kirara grew up in. Seiichi Tanabe (/wiki/Seiichi_Tanabe) as Hayato Mizorogi, [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) Beat's father. He runs a famous fashion firm that is dedicated to the teenage market. Although he used to be passionate about fashion designing, he lost the passion after Beat's mother died. Masaki Kaji (/wiki/Masaki_Kaji) as Tsuyoshikai Gouda [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) Fujiko Kojima (/wiki/Fujiko_Kojima) as Keiko Shimizu, [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) the class representative. She is a self-conscious student who thinks that she is not suited to be in a fashion show. However, after the fashion show, she manages to become more self-confident. Elina Mizuno (/wiki/Elina_Mizuno) as Kirara Miyamoto, [4] (#cite_note-allcinema-4) Beat's childhood friend and crush. She suffers from leukemia (/wiki/Leukemia) , and is confined to the hospital. Despite her predicament, she is still worried about Beat. She later recovers from cancer after receiving a bone marrow transplant. Tokuma Nishioka Maiko Ito (/wiki/Maiko_Ito) as Mei's mother. She is a hairdresser, and in the words of Anna, "the town's most famous flirt". Natsumi Nanase Shun Sugata (/wiki/Shun_Sugata) Miho Tsumiki Toru Kazama Production [ edit ] Filming [ edit ] Kentaro Otani decided to film the final scene of Runway Beat , a fashion show, in the 3D (/wiki/3D_film) format. [5] (#cite_note-eiga20110208-5) This was revealed at a pre-release publicity event on 8 February 2011. [5] (#cite_note-eiga20110208-5) Kentaro decided to do this because he felt that "3D ... [is] perfect for fashion shows". [6] (#cite_note-tokyograph-6) He added that "It’s not interesting if it’s not live. When you feel like you’re standing there, you also become more attached to the characters." [6] (#cite_note-tokyograph-6) In a separate interview, he also said that he made the film only partially in 3D because he "realized [he] couldn’t compete with Hollywood for a feature-length 3D film." [7] (#cite_note-cnngo-7) Release [ edit ] Runway Beat was released in Japan on 19 March 2011 by Shochiku (/wiki/Shochiku) . [3] (#cite_note-eiga.com-3) On its debut weekend, it was released in 124 cinema theater in the country and grossed a total of US$ (/wiki/US_Dollar) 179,871. [1] (#cite_note-boxoffice-1) The film made its international debut in Taiwan on 17 June 2011. [8] (#cite_note-yahootaiwan-8) It was distributed there under the Chinese title of 心動舞台 ( pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) :Xīn Dòng Wǔ Tái). [8] (#cite_note-yahootaiwan-8) Runway Beat was subsequently released in Singapore on 23 February 2012 by the local distributor Golden Village Pictures. [9] (#cite_note-insing-9) In total, the film grossed US$190,969 worldwide as of 25 February 2012. [1] (#cite_note-boxoffice-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d " (https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&wk=2011W11&id=_fRANWEIBTORUNWA01) Runway Beat box office gross" (https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&wk=2011W11&id=_fRANWEIBTORUNWA01) . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 2012-02-24 . ^ a b c 人気小説「ランウェイ☆ビート」映画化決定 瀬戸康史＆桜庭ななみ初共演 . eiga.com (in Japanese). 2010-07-15 . Retrieved 2012-02-24 . ^ a b ランウェイ☆ビート . eiga.com (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2012-02-24 . ^ a b c d e f g h i ランウェイ☆ビート . allcinema (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2012-02-26 . ^ a b "「ランウェイ☆ビート」の一部3D上映が決定" (https://eiga.com/news/20110208/23/) . eiga.com (in Japanese). 2011-02-08 . Retrieved 2012-02-27 . ^ a b " (http://www.tokyograph.com/news/runway-beat-movie-to-include-3d-scene/) "Runway Beat" movie to include 3D scene" (http://www.tokyograph.com/news/runway-beat-movie-to-include-3d-scene/) . eiga.com . Tokyograph. 2011-04-11 . Retrieved 2012-02-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-cnngo_7-0) Schwartz, Rob (2011-04-11). "Is 'Runway Beat' really Japan's answer to 'Glee'?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120427055406/http://www.cnngo.com/tokyo/play/runway-beat-really-japans-answer-glee-651451) . CNN International . Archived from the original (http://www.cnngo.com/tokyo/play/runway-beat-really-japans-answer-glee-651451) on 2012-04-27 . Retrieved 2012-02-28 . ^ a b '心動舞台 . Yahoo! Taiwan (in Chinese) . Retrieved 2012-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-insing_9-0) "Runway Beat on inSing" (http://movies.insing.com/movie/runway-beat/id-ff770000?nav=60100) . SingTel Digital Media Pte Ltd . Retrieved 2012-02-26 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.runbea.jp/pc.html) (in Japanese) Runway Beat at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) v t e Films directed by Kentarō Ōtani (/wiki/Kentar%C5%8D_%C5%8Ctani) Avec mon mari (/wiki/Avec_mon_mari) (1999) Travail (/wiki/Travail_(film)) (2002) Nana (/wiki/Nana_(2005_film)) (2005) Rough (/wiki/Rough_(manga)) (2006) Nana 2 (/wiki/Nana_2) (2006) Runway Beat (2011) Black Butler (/wiki/Black_Butler_(film)) (2014) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐67d4b74ff6‐82kv2 Cached time: 20240722141643 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.583 seconds Real time usage: 0.726 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2103/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35191/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5319/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 32/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46506/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.425/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19168712/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 686.819 1 -total 35.25% 242.136 1 Template:Infobox_film 29.04% 199.428 10 Template:Main_other 25.62% 175.979 1 Template:Infobox_film/short_description 22.83% 156.830 1 Template:Short_description 20.57% 141.245 1 Template:Reflist 18.11% 124.416 1 Template:Nihongo 17.71% 121.665 9 Template:Cite_web 13.64% 93.716 1 Template:Kentarō_Ōtani 13.39% 91.941 1 Template:Navbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34868734-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722141643 and revision id 1168449024. 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American milliner Sally Victor Sally Victor at work Born Sally Josephs ( 1905-02-23 ) February 23, 1905 Scranton, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania) , USA Died May 14, 1977 (1977-05-14) (aged 72) Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York, USA Occupation Milliner (/wiki/Milliner) Spouse Sergiu F. Victor ( m. 1927) Children 1 Advertisement for Whitman's Chocolates (/wiki/Whitman%27s) and a Sally Victor hat, Easter 1944 Sally Victor (née Josephs ; February 23, 1905 – May 14, 1977) was a prominent American milliner (/wiki/Milliner) from the late 1920s through the 1960s. Her designs were popular with Hollywood actresses such as Irene Dunne (/wiki/Irene_Dunne) , Helen Hayes (/wiki/Helen_Hayes) , and Merle Oberon (/wiki/Merle_Oberon) , as well as First Ladies Mamie Eisenhower (/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower) [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) and Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) , [2] (#cite_note-Guggenheim-2) and Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Sally Josephs was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) She took an interest in design (/wiki/Fashion_design) at age eight, when her family moved to New York (/wiki/New_York_City) where her aunt had a millinery (/wiki/Millinery) shop. As she reflected in a 1949 interview, Like most kids, I liked to copy the grown-ups, so it seemed perfectly natural for me to start fashioning scraps of felt and ribbon into hats for my dolls. When I got a little older, my aunt taught me to help her retrim and shape hats for her customers and on the side, I started dreaming up hats for myself and my friends, too. [4] (#cite_note-Fate-4) Career [ edit ] At 18 she began working in the millinery department of Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) . Within a year she had become assistant millinery buyer, and three years later she was hired as chief millinery buyer at Bamberger's (/wiki/Bamberger%27s) department store in Newark (/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) [5] (#cite_note-Head_To_Toe_316-5) After marrying millinery wholesaler Sergiu F. Victor in 1927, she gave birth to a son, Richard, and briefly retired. However she soon returned to work and became the head designer of Victor's firm, Serge. [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) [4] (#cite_note-Fate-4) In 1934 she established a fashion label under her own name, with a millinery salon on East 53rd Street in New York. Her hats began to be sold in high-profile stores, including Lord & Taylor (/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor) on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) . [4] (#cite_note-Fate-4) [5] (#cite_note-Head_To_Toe_316-5) Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) compared her work with that of Lilly Daché (/wiki/Lilly_Dach%C3%A9) and Mr. John (/wiki/Mr._John) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) Victor was regarded as an innovator, and her hats remained popular through her retirement in 1967. [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) Along with Lilly Daché and Mr. John, she is seen as one of the most prominent milliners of the period. [5] (#cite_note-Head_To_Toe_316-5) [6] (#cite_note-TV-6) She died at Doctors Hospital (/wiki/Doctors_Hospital_(Manhattan)) in New York on May 14, 1977. [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) Style [ edit ] Sally Victor drew inspiration from many diverse sources, including Native American art (/wiki/Visual_arts_by_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) , Chinese lanterns (/wiki/Paper_lantern) , Japanese armor (/wiki/Japanese_armour) , and the works of Henri Matisse (/wiki/Henri_Matisse) , Piet Mondrian (/wiki/Piet_Mondrian) , Rogier van der Weyden (/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden) , and Frank Lloyd Wright (/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright) . [2] (#cite_note-Guggenheim-2) She was innovative in introducing synthetic materials into her hats alongside traditional ones. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-Trends-8) Some of her popular product lines included "baby bonnets", "Pompadour hats", [8] (#cite_note-Trends-8) "Grecian pillboxes", [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) "honey hives", and "Tudor tops". [9] (#cite_note-9) Designs intended for the mass market were sold through a subsidiary named Sally V . [6] (#cite_note-TV-6) Victor designed several hats for First Lady Mamie Eisenhower (/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower) , including one known as the "Airwave" which she wore at her husband Dwight (/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower) 's inauguration in 1953. [6] (#cite_note-TV-6) [10] (#cite_note-10) Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt) also wore Sally Victor hats in the 1950s. [11] (#cite_note-11) Victor later created designs for Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) . [2] (#cite_note-Guggenheim-2) Throughout her career, Sally Victor emphasized making hats which were attractive, rather than being chic or avant-garde. Good fashion is an individual matter. It is whatever makes you look better. I do not believe in any style that does not make the wearer prettier. [6] (#cite_note-TV-6) Awards [ edit ] 1943 Coty Awards (/wiki/Coty_Award) – Special Award for Millinery Fashion Inspiration (a patriotic collaboration of John-Frederics (/wiki/Mr._John) , Lilly Daché (/wiki/Lilly_Dach%C3%A9) and Sally Victor) [12] (#cite_note-12) 1944 Coty Awards – Special Award for millinery 1956 Coty Awards – Winnie (womenswear) award References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h Dugan, George (May 16, 1977). "Sally Victor, 83, a Hat Designer With Many 'Firsts' in Fashions" (https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/16/archives/salty-victor-83-a-hat-designer-with-many-firsts-in-fashions.html?_r=2) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved August 22, 2016 . ^ a b c Holland, Marion (April 3, 2014). "Sally Victor's 1960, Guggenheim-Inspired Hat" (https://www.guggenheim.org/blogs/findings/sally-victors-guggenheim-inspired-hat) . Guggenheim Museum (/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum) . Retrieved August 22, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Sally Victor: Millinery Mogul" (https://hatalk.com/sally-victor-millinery-mogul/) . HATalk . April 9, 2020 . Retrieved December 11, 2022 . ^ a b c "Fate Turned Top Flight Milliner From Teaching" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19491106&id=KFtIAAAAIBAJ&pg=1716,580440) . St. Petersburg Times (/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times) . November 6, 1949. p. 62 . Retrieved August 22, 2016 – via Google News. ^ a b c Blanco F., Jose; Doering, Mary D.; Hunt-Hurst, Patricia; Vaughan Lee, Heather (November 23, 2015). "Victor, Sally (1905–1977)" (https://books.google.com/books?id=hDkVCwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA316) . Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe . ABC-CLIO (/wiki/ABC-CLIO) . p. 316. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610693103 . Retrieved September 19, 2016 – via Google Books. ^ a b c d Marling, Karal Ann (March 1, 1996). As Seen on TV . Harvard University Press (/wiki/Harvard_University_Press) . pp. 31 (https://archive.org/details/asseenontv00kara/page/31) –33. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780674048836 . Retrieved September 19, 2016 – via Internet Archive. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Mondrian" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/156023) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Retrieved September 19, 2016 . ^ a b "Sally Victor Inspires Many Important Hat Trends" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=19400919&id=OChdAAAAIBAJ&pg=3103,6109298) . Lawrence Journal-World (/wiki/Lawrence_Journal-World) . Lawrence, Kansas. September 19, 1940. p. 6A . Retrieved September 19, 2016 – via Google News. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Shaw, Eleanor (February 8, 1949). "Hats for Milady Attract in Big New York Press Spring Exhibition" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19490209&id=JnpWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6045,2957805) . The Spokesman-Review (/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review) . Spokane, Washington. p. 18 . Retrieved September 19, 2016 – via Google News. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Airwave" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/155860) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Retrieved September 19, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Roosevelt, Eleanor (/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt) (March 20, 1956). "My Day" (https://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1956&_f=md003436) . United Feature Syndicate . Retrieved September 20, 2016 – via George Washington University. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Blanco F., Jose; Doering, Mary D.; Hunt-Hurst, Patricia; Vaughan Lee, Heather (November 23, 2015). "Victor, Sally (1905–1977)" (https://books.google.com/books?id=hDkVCwAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA12) . Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe . ABC-CLIO (/wiki/ABC-CLIO) . p. xxiii. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610693103 . Retrieved September 19, 2016 – via Google Books. 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Type of safety boot in the UK A pair of typical rigger boots A rigger boot is a type of pull-on safety boot (/wiki/Safety_boot) in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . The name "rigger" comes from their use by workers on the offshore oil rigs (/wiki/Brent_oilfield) in the North Sea. Nowadays they are worn by manual workers as a general purpose workboot. Riggers, as they are commonly nicknamed, are usually tan in colour and go approximately third of the way up the leg and feature a steel (/wiki/Steel) toe cap for safety. Other distinguishing features of the boots include pull-on loops around the top of the boot's shaft and internal fur lining. Many rigger boots are unbranded or generic brands, some of which may have steel toe caps which may not conform to the EN-345 standard, and some workplaces concerned about their lack of adequate ankle support now ban them. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The boots are sometimes made in other colours, such as black, where they can be worn as fashion items in the punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) and heavy metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_music) scenes. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "SENTINEL-ISS2.qxd" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091122184341/http://www.ncca-sentinel.co.uk/docs/indivrules.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://www.ncca-sentinel.co.uk/docs/indivrules.pdf) (PDF) on 22 November 2009 . Retrieved 10 June 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Slips and trips: Oil company protects ankles AND guards against slips" (http://www.hse.gov.uk/slips/experience/oilcompany.htm) . HSE . Retrieved 10 June 2010 . https://www.asasupplies.com/indiana-rigger-boot (https://www.asasupplies.com/indiana-rigger-boot) v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots (/wiki/Ammunition_boot) Bunny boots (/wiki/Bunny_boots) Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) Jackboots (/wiki/Jackboot) Jump boots (/wiki/Jump_boot) Jungle boots (/wiki/Jungle_boot) Tanker boots (/wiki/Tanker_boot) Trench boots (/wiki/Trench_boot) Munson Last (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last) Work Australian work boots (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Engineer boots (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Hip boots (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Rigger boots Steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Fashion boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) ( Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) ) Chukka boots (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Knee-high boots (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Over-the-knee boots (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Platform boots (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Other Jodhpur boots (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Sport-related footwear Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneaker) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Cross country running shoes (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) Football boots (/wiki/Football_boot) Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) Kung fu shoes (/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe) Minimalist shoes (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Motorcycle boots (/wiki/Motorcycle_boot) Mountaineering boots (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) Plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)) Racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flat) Racing shoes (/wiki/Racing_shoes) Riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) Roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) Sabatons (/wiki/Sabaton) Safari boots (/wiki/Safari_boot) Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boot) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneaker) Swimfins (/wiki/Swimfin) Water shoes (/wiki/Water_shoe) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Folk footwear (/wiki/Folk_costume) Abacas (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarkas (/wiki/Abarka) Alpargatas (/wiki/Espadrille) Avarcas (/wiki/Avarca) Balghas (/wiki/Balgha) Bast shoes (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocie) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Espadrilles (/wiki/Espadrille) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hnyat-phanats (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jorabs (/wiki/Jorabs) Kamiks (/wiki/Kamik) Kolhapuri chappals (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Mojaris (/wiki/Mojari) Mukluks (/wiki/Mukluk) Nalins (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanci (/wiki/Opanak) Peshawari chappals (/wiki/Peshawari_chappal) Snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouchi) Takunya (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Upanah (/wiki/Upanah) Valenkis (/wiki/Valenki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Historical footwear Areni-1 shoes (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Cavalier boots (/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbill shoes (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Flowerpot shoes (/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe) Hessians (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoe) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Shoe construction Bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) Blake construction (/wiki/Blake_construction) Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) Toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) High heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Kitten heels (/wiki/Kitten_heel) Spool heels (/wiki/Spool_heel) Stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) Wedges (/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)) Hosiery Anklets (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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T-shirt worn in competition rowing A zephyr is a garment worn in competitive rowing (/wiki/Rowing_(Sport)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) A zephyr is usually a short-sleeved T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) with a front opening, with the opening and sleeve ends trimmed in the colours of the club. See also [ edit ] Sports portal (/wiki/Portal:Sports) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Sportswear (activewear) (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Zephyr" (https://www.oed.com/dictionary/zephyr_n?tl=true) . Oxford English Dictionary . 2023. This rowing (/wiki/Rowing_(sport)) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephyr_(garment)&action=edit) . v t e This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephyr_(garment)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐lhxv7 Cached time: 20240713043432 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.224 seconds Real time usage: 0.291 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 336/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9048/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 500/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13533/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.156/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3399545/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 267.622 1 -total 34.97% 93.595 1 Template:Reflist 30.89% 82.669 1 Template:Cite_web 27.39% 73.292 1 Template:Short_description 24.41% 65.316 1 Template:Rowing-stub 24.34% 65.127 2 Template:Asbox 15.71% 42.053 2 Template:Pagetype 10.45% 27.966 1 Template:Portal 7.00% 18.742 3 Template:Main_other 6.18% 16.528 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3463698-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713043432 and revision id 1210355521. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephyr_(garment)&oldid=1210355521 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephyr_(garment)&oldid=1210355521) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Sportswear (/wiki/Category:Sportswear) Tops (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Tops_(clothing)) Rowing stubs (/wiki/Category:Rowing_stubs) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Clothing accessory of high dignitaries in ancient times and the Byzantine Empire Emperor Justinian I (/wiki/Justinian_I) and his court, showing the golden tablion of the emperor and the purple tablion of the senior courtiers. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParani200312-1) Mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale (/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale) , Ravenna (/wiki/Ravenna) . The tablion ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : ταβλίον ) was a rectangular or trapezoidal panel embroidered on the ceremonial mantle ( chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) ) of courtiers during the Byzantine Empire (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) The tablia were chosen to contrast with the mantle colour, and sewn pairwise on the front edges of the mantle. They could be further decorated with embroidered designs or images of the emperor. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParani200312-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) The emperor's mantle originally (in the 4th century) featured tablia sewn almost at the bottom of the mantle, below the knees, but from the 6th century they were moved to the centre of the mantle opening. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) As the chlamys was the chief civilian court dress, the tablion was a part of male court costume, [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParani200312-1) and had to be purchased by the office-holders (for example, a patrikios (/wiki/Patrikios) paid 24 gold solidi (/wiki/Solidus_(coin)) in the 9th century). [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) The only women allowed to wear a chlamys and tablion were the empresses (/wiki/Byzantine_empress) . [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParani200312-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) In the middle Byzantine period, the chlamys is much more richly decorated, but is sometimes depicted without tablia . The exact significance of this is unclear, although it has been suggested that it might denote lower court ranks. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParani200353-3) In art, the chlamys is usually depicted with the right half thrown behind the shoulder, so that only the left-hand tablion is visible. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParani200312-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) Although normally a symbol of civilian dress, military saints (/wiki/Military_saints) are often depicted wearing a chlamys with tablia . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) In the Kletorologion (/wiki/Kletorologion) of 899, the term tablion is also used for a box for the emperor's personal garments, carried by his servants during processions. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠevčenko19912004-2) See also [ edit ] Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Tiraz (/wiki/Tiraz) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Parani 2003 (#CITEREFParani2003) , p. 12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Ševčenko 1991 (#CITEREFŠevčenko1991) , p. 2004. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParani200353_3-0) Parani 2003 (#CITEREFParani2003) , p. 53. Sources [ edit ] Parani, Maria G. (2003). Reconstructing the Reality of Images: Byzantine Material Culture and Religious Iconography (11th to 15th Centuries) . Leiden, South Holland: Brill. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-12462-2 . Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson (1991). "Tablion". In Kazhdan, Alexander (/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan) (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium) . Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 2004. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-19-504652-8 . 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Menswear writer Derek Guy Born Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , British Columbia (/wiki/British_Columbia) , Canada Other names "the menswear guy" Years active 2011–present Website dieworkwear (https://dieworkwear.com) .com (https://dieworkwear.com) Derek Guy , also known as "the menswear guy" on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , is a Canadian fashion industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) writer and commentator. [1] (#cite_note-GQ-1) [2] (#cite_note-Slate-2) [3] (#cite_note-NBCNews-3) [4] (#cite_note-Politico-4) [5] (#cite_note-WSJ-5) [6] (#cite_note-TheNewRepublic-6) [7] (#cite_note-NewYorkerJCrew-7) He gained fame following the acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk (/wiki/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk) when the site's algorithmically curated (/wiki/Algorithmic_curation) "For You" tab promoted his account @dieworkwear to a large audience. [1] (#cite_note-GQ-1) [2] (#cite_note-Slate-2) [3] (#cite_note-NBCNews-3) [4] (#cite_note-Politico-4) [5] (#cite_note-WSJ-5) [6] (#cite_note-TheNewRepublic-6) [7] (#cite_note-NewYorkerJCrew-7) Guy has contributed pieces to The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) , Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) , and The Nation (/wiki/The_Nation) . [8] (#cite_note-TN-8) Early life [ edit ] Guy was born in Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) to Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnam) refugee parents. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-My_dad_is_ethnically_Chinese,_not_1-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-Sl-13) His family first fled Saigon (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) in the late 1960s, crossing the border to Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia) . From there they went to Iran (/wiki/Iran) and Canada, before settling in the United States, as undocumented immigrants (/wiki/Illegal_immigration) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Guy's father, who is ethnically Chinese (/wiki/China) , worked as a school janitor (/wiki/Janitor) while his mother was a secretary (/wiki/Secretary) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [10] (#cite_note-My_dad_is_ethnically_Chinese,_not_1-10) He became interested in fashion in the late 1990s, after growing around people involved in the Lo Life subculture (/wiki/Lo_Lifes) , which revolves around an appreciation of Polo Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Polo_Ralph_Lauren) and other similar fashion brands. [16] (#cite_note-TGF-16) Personal life [ edit ] Guy lives in San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , California. [17] (#cite_note-Telva-17) [18] (#cite_note-Telegraph-18) [19] (#cite_note-TG-19) He has cited author G. Bruce Boyer (/wiki/G._Bruce_Boyer) as an influence on his writing. [20] (#cite_note-USAT-20) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Paiella, Gabriella (January 26, 2023). "@Dieworkwear, Twitter's 'Menswear Guy,' Is Just as Perplexed as You Are" (https://www.gq.com/story/dieworkwear-interview-menswear-guy) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Retrieved August 13, 2023 . Ever since Twitter rolled out their algorithmic "For You" tab, one man rules your feeds. You know him by his bespectacled avatar, his prolific threads about menswear minutiae, and his Aimé Leon Dore jokes. He's the man they've started calling: "Menswear Guy." ^ Jump up to: a b Pahwa, Nitish (January 26, 2023). "The "Menswear Guy" Who's Gone Viral on Twitter Is Confused About the Whole Thing, Too" (https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/twitter-derek-guy-dieworkwear-menswear-guy-elon-musk-main-characters.html) . Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) . Retrieved August 13, 2023 . Of all the new Main Characters on Elon Musk's Twitter, Derek Guy is the best dressed. ^ Jump up to: a b Kaur, Brahmjot (July 25, 2023). "Are people turning on Twitter's 'menswear guy'? He doesn't care either way" (https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/menswear-guy-twitter-viral-fame-rcna96024) . NBC News (/wiki/NBC_News) . Retrieved August 13, 2023 . Derek Guy has become known for criticizing the men's fashion of prominent figures. Some are growing tired of his tweets. ^ Jump up to: a b Guy, Derek (July 21, 2023). "Male Politicians Dress Like Crap. The Twitter Menswear Guy Is Here to Help" (https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/07/21/twitter-menswear-guy-campaign-trail-00106972) . Politico (/wiki/Politico) . Retrieved August 13, 2023 . Derek Guy is a menswear writer who has written for the Washington Post, Financial Times and Esquire. He runs a men's style site called Die, Workwear! ^ Jump up to: a b Corse, Alexa (January 28, 2023). "The 'Menswear Guy' May Be the Twitter Algorithm's Favorite Person" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-twitter-feed-algorithm-menswear-guy-11674933231) . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved August 13, 2023 . Elon Musk's Twitter is tinkering with recommendations, and a men's fashion writer is suddenly everywhere. He has no idea why. ^ Jump up to: a b Thakker, Prem (January 27, 2023). "Now That You've Found Him, the Twitter "Menswear Guy" Would Like to Talk to You About Fast Fashion" (https://newrepublic.com/post/170207/twitter-menswear-guy-derek-guy) . The New Republic (/wiki/The_New_Republic) . Retrieved August 13, 2023 . Derek Guy, @dieworkwear, doesn't know why he's suddenly on so many people's timelines. But he would like to talk to you about how to dress well and sustainably. ^ Jump up to: a b Hsu, Hua (March 20, 2023). "J. Crew and the Paradoxes of Prep" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/03/27/j-crew-and-the-paradoxes-of-prep) . The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) . Retrieved August 13, 2023 . Guy is opinionated about both classic, formal approaches to attire and contemporary streetwear. And he has long championed J. Crew as a low-risk entry point for men hoping to dress better; in one interview, he likened the brand to the best-selling radical historian Howard Zinn, describing it as a kind of gateway influence. ^ (#cite_ref-TN_8-0) "Derek Guy" (https://www.thenation.com/authors/derek-guy/) . The Nation (/wiki/The_Nation) . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) @dieworkwear (September 23, 2016). "I'm Canadian as well! Although now living in US. From Vancouver" (https://x.com/dieworkwear/status/779150586113462272) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ Jump up to: a b @dieworkwear (July 5, 2011). "My dad is ethnically Chinese, not 100% sure what my mom is. Both parents are from Vietnam. I was born in Canada" (https://x.com/dieworkwear/status/88048885183942656) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) @dieworkwear (June 24, 2023). "my family fled vietnam as refugees; some by boat. we lived in the US as illegal immigrants for decades" (https://x.com/dieworkwear/status/1672432347097235456) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) @dieworkwear (December 15, 2023). "My parents are war refugees from Vietnam, and I grew up as an illegal alien here" (https://x.com/dieworkwear/status/1735439956263514448) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-Sl_13-0) Pahwa, Nitish (January 26, 2023). "The "Menswear Guy" Who's Gone Viral on Twitter Is Confused About the Whole Thing, Too" (https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/twitter-derek-guy-dieworkwear-menswear-guy-elon-musk-main-characters.html) . Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . Many of them don't even speak English. In the U.S. there's a marginalized group of first-generation immigrants, often from Southeast Asia—where my family's from. ^ (#cite_ref-14) @dieworkwear (February 23, 2023). "My family fled Saigon shortly after the Tet Offensive. First place they went was Cambodia, where my uncle died. Then they went to Iran, where someone in my family was helping run a restaurant. Shortly after they landed, the Iranian Revolution happened. Then they went to Canada" (https://x.com/dieworkwear/status/1628593593865863169) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) @dieworkwear (February 23, 2023). "im asian. parents escaped vietnam, then cambodia, and then iran. when my parents finally landed in north america, my mom worked as a secretary and my dad was a school janitor" (https://x.com/dieworkwear/status/1628581846354370560) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-TGF_16-0) Ferrier, Morwenna (August 5, 2023). "Derek Guy: the notorious fashion tweeter on Sunak's short trousers" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/aug/05/derek-guy-the-notorious-fashion-tweeter-on-sunaks-short-trousers) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . Guy became interested in clothing in the late 90s after growing up around "guys who were part of the Lo-Life". This subculture was defined by its members who wore Ralph Lauren Polo shirts and came at a time when hip-hop was starting to intersect with fashion. "I admired the dress and became more interested in Ralph Lauren, and that's when you start to learn about its tweeds and button downs, and then tailoring," he says. ^ (#cite_ref-Telva_17-0) de La Calzada, Marta (October 21, 2023). "Derek Guy: "El secreto de Felipe VI está en la plancha (y en la planta)" (https://www.telva.com/moda/2023/10/21/653247e801a2f174368b4578.html) " (https://www.telva.com/moda/2023/10/21/653247e801a2f174368b4578.html) . Telva (/wiki/Telva) (in Spanish) . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . Quien halaga el estilo de nuestro monarca vive en la Costa Oeste, en San Francisco. ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph_18-0) Cumming, Ed (September 11, 2023). "Why Prince Harry's style is 'odd' and Gary Lineker looks 'fantastic' – by America's most outspoken fashion critic" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/derek-guy-dieworkwear-rishi-sunak-king-charles/) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . We know that Derek Guy is his real name, he is Asian-American and lives in northern California where he works as a fashion journalist. ^ (#cite_ref-TG_19-0) Ferrier, Morwenna (August 5, 2023). "Derek Guy: the notorious fashion tweeter on Sunak's short trousers" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/aug/05/derek-guy-the-notorious-fashion-tweeter-on-sunaks-short-trousers) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . Derek Guy is a menswear writer, critic and prolific Tweeter based in the San Francisco Bay Area. ^ (#cite_ref-USAT_20-0) Powell, James (September 2, 2023). "The Twitter Menswear Guy is still here, he doesn't know why either" (https://eu.usatoday.com/story/tech/2023/09/02/twitter-menswear-guy-still-on-your-x-timeline/70489549007/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . He credits his penchant for cultural writing to the influence of author G. Bruce Boyer. External links [ edit ] dieworkwear (https://dieworkwear.com) .com (https://dieworkwear.com) Die, Workwear! DieWorkwear Twitter (https://x.com/dieworkwear/) This biographical article about someone involved with the Internet is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Derek_Guy&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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National beauty pageant in Nicaragua Miss International Queen Nicaragua Abbreviation MGN Formation 1 January 2012 ; 12 years ago ( 2012-01-01 ) Founder Miss Gay Nicaragua Org Type Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) Headquarters Managua Location Nicaragua (/wiki/Nicaragua) Membership (2012) Miss International Queen (/wiki/Miss_International_Queen) (2012–present) Miss Trans Star International (2022–present) Official language Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_language) Owner Norlan Suazo Julio Miranda Miss International Queen Nicaragua 2024 Marcela Rojas Key people Tiffany's Show Pattaya Parent organization Miss Tiffany's Universe (/wiki/Miss_Tiffany%27s_Universe) Website https://instagram.com/missgaynicaraguaorganizacion (https://instagram.com/missgaynicaraguaorganizacion) Miss International Queen Nicaragua is national beauty pageant for transgender woman in Nicaragua since 2012 Nicaragua has competed in the international pageant Miss International Queen in Thailand. Nonetheless, Nicaragua has only competed in 5 editions of the pageant. The reining Miss International Queen Nicaragua 2024 is Marcela Rojas from Masaya (/wiki/Masaya_Department) . She will represent Nicaragua on in Thailand in the Miss International Queen 2024. Miss International Queen Nicaragua winners [ edit ] Color key Winner Top 6 Top 10/12 Award Winner Year Department Miss IQ Nicaragua Placement at Miss International Queen Special awards Notes 2024 (/wiki/Miss_International_Queen_2024) Masaya (/wiki/Masaya_Department) Marcela Rojas TBA 2023 (/wiki/Miss_International_Queen_2023) [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) Managua (/wiki/Managua_Department) Brenda López [2] (#cite_note-2) Unplaced Later Miss International Trans Nicaragua 2024 Did not compete between 2020—2022 2019 (/wiki/Miss_International_Queen_2019) [3] (#cite_note-3) Managua (/wiki/Managua_Department) Tiffany Colleman Unplaced Best National Costume Later Miss Trans Star international (/wiki/Miss_Star_International) Nicaragua 2022 and international winner of the pageant in Spain 2018 (/wiki/Miss_International_Queen_2018) Managua (/wiki/Managua_Department) Barbie D'Ebano Unplaced Did not compete between 2015—2017 2014 (/wiki/Miss_International_Queen_2014) Managua (/wiki/Managua_Department) America Ithzelle Unplaced 2013 Did not compete 2012 (/wiki/Miss_International_Queen_2012) Managua (/wiki/Managua_Department) Berdien Blandino Unplaced Miss Trans Star International Nicaragua winners [ edit ] Color key Winner Top 6 Top 10/12 Award Winner Year Department Miss TSI Nicaragua Placement at Miss Trans Star International [4] (#cite_note-4) Special awards Notes 2023 Masaya (/wiki/Masaya_Department) Marcela Rojas Top 6 Chinandega (/wiki/Chinandega_Department) Acsanara Jockson Dethroned 2022 Managua (/wiki/Managua_Department) Tiffany Colleman Winner Top 5 at Best in National Costume Previously Miss International Queen Nicaragua 2019 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-auto_1-0) "Miss International Queen 2023 The Final Round June 24th (Sat) 2023" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CrSox8uPI06/?igshid=NTc4MTIwNjQ2YQ==) . Miss international Queen/2023 . 2023-04-21 . Retrieved 2023-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss International Queen Nicaragua 2023 is Brenda Lopez" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs3WU34Js7c/?igshid=NTc4MTIwNjQ2YQ==) . Miss international Queen/2023 . 2022-10-29 . Retrieved 2022-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Miss International Queen 2018 final sees Vietnamese transgender winner , retrieved 2019-03-06 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Barcelona pageant celebrates transgender women" (https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/barcelona-pageant-celebrates-transgender-women-n652556) . nbcnews.com . Retrieved 24 October 2017 . 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Clothing brand Ascot Chang Industry Retailer (/wiki/Retailer) Founded 1953 Founder Ascot Chang Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Website www (http://www.ascotchang.com/) .ascotchang (http://www.ascotchang.com/) .com (http://www.ascotchang.com/) Ascot Chang is a brand of bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) shirts and suits. [1] (#cite_note-wsj-1) Ascot Chang opened his first store on Kimberly Road (/wiki/Kimberley_Road) in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) in 1953. [2] (#cite_note-Heritage-2) It now has 15 locations across China (/wiki/China) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , the United States (/wiki/United_States) , and the Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) . [3] (#cite_note-3) High-profile customers include former president George W. Bush (/wiki/George_H._W._Bush) , Leonardo DiCaprio (/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio) , and Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) History [ edit ] Ascot Chang left his hometown, Fenghua (/wiki/Fenghua_District) , at age fourteen to apprentice under a master shirtmaker in Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) . In 1949, he left for Hong Kong where he started taking orders for custom made shirts. Knocking on door after door, he visited the offices of Shanghainese businessmen who were unable to find high quality shirts in Hong Kong. By 1953, Ascot Chang opened his first 600 square feet (56 m 2 ) store at 34 Kimberley Road. He opened his first branch at the Peninsula Hotel (/wiki/The_Peninsula_Hotels) in 1963, which is still open to this day. [2] (#cite_note-Heritage-2) In 1967, with sales negatively impacted by the Hong Kong 1967 leftist riots (/wiki/Hong_Kong_1967_leftist_riots) , Ascot Chang went on his first trunk show: over three months, he visited twenty cities in the United States, including San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , Boston (/wiki/Boston) , and New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . When Ascot Chang suffered a heart attack in the 1970s, his son, Tony Chang, and his brother, Johnny Chang, started leading the company. Under the second generation of Changs, Ascot Chang spread worldwide, with their first international store opening in New York in 1986. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Currently, Ascot Chang has 15 locations across China (/wiki/China) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , the United States (/wiki/United_States) , and the Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) . Style [ edit ] The Ascot Chang house cut is a continental style that is characterized by medium shoulder padding, strong yet lightweight canvas structure, and a very slight roped shoulder. The styling leans towards a slim fit that balances aesthetics and comfort for a professional silhouette. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-wsj_1-0) Kristiano Ang, 'A Tailor-Made Career', in The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) , June 10, 2011 [1] (https://blogs.wsj.com/scene/2011/06/10/a-tailor-made-career/) ^ Jump up to: a b "Heritage" (https://www.ascotchang.com/en/heritage) . Ascot Chang . Retrieved August 17, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Store Locator" (https://www.ascotchang.com/en/store) . Ascot Chang . Retrieved August 17, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Famous HK Tailors (Part Four): the Shanghainese Tailors – Loa Hai Shing, H. Baromon, Ying Tai, Jimmy Chen, W.W. Chan, Ascot Chang and William Yu" (https://industrialhistoryhk.org/famous-hk-tailors-4-the-shanghainese-tailors-loa-hai-shing-h-baromon-ying-tai-jimmy-chen-w-w-chan-ascot-chang-and-william-yu/) . The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group . Retrieved August 17, 2018 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ascot Chang (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ascot_Chang) . 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Words and phrases used within the fashion community. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5795bc6b8c‐m7vnc Cached time: 20240721081402 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10318780-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721081402 and revision id 532126252. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Pages in category "Fashion terminology" The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) C Capsule wardrobe (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) Clothing terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Courtepy (/wiki/Courtepy) D Display window (/wiki/Display_window) G Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) H High-rise (fashion) (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) M Matchy-matchy (/wiki/Matchy-matchy) N New bespoke movement (/wiki/New_bespoke_movement) Normcore (/wiki/Normcore) P Parfilage (/wiki/Parfilage) Pelerine (/wiki/Pelerine) Popover (dress) (/wiki/Popover_(dress)) S Style tribe (/wiki/Style_tribe) Surfwear (/wiki/Surfwear) V Fashion victim (/wiki/Fashion_victim) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_terminology&oldid=532126252 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_terminology&oldid=532126252) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Terminology (/wiki/Category:Terminology)
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In the 2017 Supreme Court case. Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc. (/wiki/Star_Athletica,_LLC_v._Varsity_Brands,_Inc.) , it was ruled that Fashion design can be covered by copyright. ...an artistic feature of the design of a useful article is eligible for copyright protection if the feature (1) can be perceived as a two- or three-dimensional work of art separate from the useful article and (2) would qualify as a protectable pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work either on its own or in some other medium if imagined separately from the useful article. [1] (#cite_note-slipop11-1) Background [ edit ] Further information: Copyright law of the United States (/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States) Domestic [ edit ] The beginnings of copyright law began with editorial copyrights in the 1750s. [2] (#cite_note-2) Since then, we have had extensive advancements within society that have called for legislative additions to the initial idea of what should and should not be copyrighted. In 1932 the Fashion Originators Guild of America (/wiki/Fashion_Originators_Guild_of_America) unified in order to prevent further knock offs by requiring designers to submit their designs for cataloguing, and by “red carding” those stores and businesses that were found to reproduce previously submitted designs under their own name and for their own profit. By red carding these retailers, they essentially blacklisted stores to institute boycotts and dissolve the offending business. However, in 1941 their actions were ruled illegal through violating antitrust laws and monopolizing the competition and so the guild disbanded. [3] (#cite_note-3) The issue continued to be under debate as designers through the years consistently felt blows in revenue as cheaper versions of their designs flew off the mass marketed racks. Attempts at creating a bill to combat these knock offs rose and fell, until various supporters grabbed hold of ideas to form a tangible and arguable legislation. International [ edit ] Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) laws in Europe have been known as early as in the 15th century. French king Francis I (/wiki/Francis_I_of_France) gave out specific privileges related to the production of textiles. [4] (#cite_note-4) By 1711, in Lyon, illegalities were already being defined in regards to fashion materials, and in 1787, in England and Scotland fashion designers had fruitfully pushed their needs for protection into basic legislation. In 1876 Germany began protecting fashion patterns as well as models, and in 2002 European regulation on designs that were new and provided an aspect of fresh character or aesthetic were brought under protection. [5] (#cite_note-5) From 2004 to 2006 the “total production volume for clothing decreased by about 5% each year… [and by] 2006 the European union trade deficit for clothing was at 33.7 billion.” [6] (#cite_note-6) These statistics show that while there are benefits of their advanced design legislation, the economic and external factors still hindered their industry growth in ways the U.S. can empathize with. As 2007 came to a close, WIPO, or the World Intellectual Property Organization (/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization) , had registered twenty-nine international designs. [7] (#cite_note-Fischer,_Fridolin_2008-7) Legislation [ edit ] See also: Design Piracy Prohibition Act (/wiki/Design_Piracy_Prohibition_Act) In 1998, Representative Howard Coble (/wiki/Howard_Coble) of North Carolina was the one to use the example of boat hulls in his argument for fashion design protection. A statute had been added to the copyright legislation describing boat hull designs to be included in the protective act, and Coble expressed how the same types of ideas applied to hull designs could be used for fashion designs. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2006 the 109th congress found themselves facing the first supported bill asking for protection of fashion designs. This attempt, however, was stalled in congress. A second attempt was made in 2010, and now yet another attempt stands before the congress of 2013, hoping to be pushed through this final time. [9] (#cite_note-United_States_2006-9) The original proposed legislation regarding fashion design copyrights put before congress in 2006 were as follows. “A fashion design is subject to protection under this chapter… A ‘fashion design’ is the appearance as a whole of an article of apparel, including its ornamentation. The term ‘apparel’ means- an article of men’s, women’s, or children’s clothing, including undergarments, outerwear, gloves, footwear, and headgear; handbags, purses, and tote bags; belts’ and eyeglass frames. In the case of a fashion design, embodied in a useful article that was made public by the designer or owner in the United States or a foreign country more than 3 months before the date of the application for registration under this chapter. A fashion design shall continue for a term of 3 years beginning on the date of the commencement… [Infringement can be claimed on] reasonable grounds to know that protection for the design is claimed”. [9] (#cite_note-United_States_2006-9) The Innovative Design Protection and Piracy Act, as expressed above, outlined what constitutes as a protectable fashion design, something that had been under heavy debate. Affected designers and manufacturers [ edit ] Designers included in the list of those with stolen designs and who are part of the campaign for protection include but are not limited to: Diane Von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_Von_Furstenberg) , Narciso Rodriquez (/w/index.php?title=Narciso_Rodriquez&action=edit&redlink=1) , Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) , and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) . [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) The fight is said to be not against lower priced merchants selling clothes that follow the seasonal fashion trends, but against blatant copying of runway looks, such as dresses or jackets that use the exact color, detail, and structure as pieces that had already debuted under previous designers. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) These less expensive replicates of previous designs are impacting the luxury business in ways that cause decline in the revenue for luxury designers. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Instead of spending the money on a higher priced garment, they buy a cheaper duplicate from a mass producer. In this sense, the Council of Fashion Designers of American argues that their members customers are being stolen by the cheaper knock offs producers. [11] (#cite_note-11) When original designers are confronted about the issue of price, they justify their expensiveness by means of the creative effort that goes into both the design and production process. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) This clearly includes the materials and methods used to produce top quality pieces to sell to consumers. Fashion is in all senses a distinct form of art. There are bad pieces and good pieces, but even a bad or plain painting would still be labeled as artwork. Designer pieces are expensive not only because of the brand name, but also the innovation and creativity of the product. European designers at home have rights to their designs through the European Union, and they want those same protections for their designs in the United States. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) In Europe, fashion designers receive twenty-five years of protection for a just revealed design in contrast to the current American proposed cap of three years. [12] (#cite_note-12) In other words, they receive a generous amount of protection in one market and get absolutely nothing in the other. Court cases [ edit ] Yves Saint Laurent v. Ralph Lauren [ edit ] In 1994, Yves St Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) and Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) went to court over a specific tuxedo dress that the accused had theoretically designed after a YSL version. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) The ultimate outcome was the payment of $300,000 from Ralph Lauren to the House of YSL. While the court in question was in Paris, this shows the beginnings of public courts taking serious interest and incentive to protect designers from copying one another. A second example from 1994 took place in Chicago, where the company I.B Diffusion L.P. accused Montgomery Ward (/wiki/Montgomery_Ward) L.P. of knocking off a specific sweater design and mass-producing it to sell for themselves. [13] (#cite_note-13) This case provides an additional example of American designers facing the challenge of competitors knocking off their designs. The argument here describes the economic idea of competition. Without competition there leaves no room for businesses to strive for better, newer products in order to outsell each other (Fischer par. 2). When arguing against legislation, many lump copycat retailers and mass producers into this category of necessary competition. Through imitation of the original products, it “makes it available to a greater number of consumers.” [7] (#cite_note-Fischer,_Fridolin_2008-7) The fact that larger quantities of people have access not only to the product but also to knowledge of the product increases the original designers successful market base. In a roundabout method, imitation is type of advertising for the real design. An argument put forth for this case is that few to zero customers are actually stolen through knock off retailing. Knockoffs are targeted at a market of consumers who would not be buying the original pieces anyway. [14] (#cite_note-:1-14) The degree of difference in price points from the original to the knock off means that the lower priced market consumers cannot afford the higher priced market products to begin with. In other words, designers and mass retailers cater to entirely different market segments that barely overlap. Not to mention, there is a certain amount of “piracy paradox”. When designs become mass-produced and so mass marketed, it causes market saturation to occur even sooner than it would otherwise. [14] (#cite_note-:1-14) This means that the consumers become familiar with the designs faster and faster, and so cause fashion cycles to also speed up. The time between introduction of a style and decline of a style is decreasing. This allows designers to sell different styles more often, and so increase their overall profit. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-slipop11_1-0) Star Athletica , slip op. at 11. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Copy Right Law." Niles' Weekly Register (1814-1837) Jul 02 1831: 319-. American Periodicals. Web. 10 Feb. 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Surowiecki, James. "The Piracy Paradox." The New Yorker 83.28 (2007): 90. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Salmon, J.H.M."Francis I (France)." Encyclopedia. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-5) (Fischer Par. 8) ^ (#cite_ref-6) (Fischer Par. 2) ^ Jump up to: a b Fischer, Fridolin. “Design Law in the European Fashion Sector” WIPO February 2008. Web. 10 Feb 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Wilson, Eric (2007-08-09). "Senate Joins Knockoff Battle" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/09/fashion/09ROW.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200427204459/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/09/fashion/09ROW.html) from the original on 2020-04-27 . Retrieved 2020-04-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b United States. Cong .House. “Protection for Fashion Design”. U.S. 109th Congress. H.R. 5055. Thamas Lib. Of Congress, 30 March 2006. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Wilson, Eric (2006-03-30). "O.K., Knockoffs, This Is War" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/30/fashion/thursdaystyles/ok-knockoffs-this-is-war.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200427202424/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/30/fashion/thursdaystyles/ok-knockoffs-this-is-war.html) from the original on 2020-04-27 . Retrieved 2020-04-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Tan, Irene. "Knock It Off, Forever 21! The Fashion Industry's Battle Against Design Piracy." Journal of Law & Policy 18.2 (2010): 893-924. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Feb. 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ferrel, Elizabeth and Tina Tanhehco. “Protecting the Material World: the Role of Design Patents in the Fashion Industry”. HeinOnline (2010-2011):253. Web. 25 Feb 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Veverka, Mark. "Apparel Maker to Ward's: Hey, Big Guy, Knock it Off." Crain's Chicago Business May 02 1994: 4-. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 10 Feb. 2013 ^ Jump up to: a b Surowiecki, James. "The Piracy Paradox." The New Yorker 83.28 (2007): 90. MasterFILE Complete. 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Articles related to horned helmets (/wiki/Horned_helmet) and their depictions. Headpieces mounted with animal horns (/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)) or replicas were also worn since ancient history (/wiki/Ancient_history) , as in the Mesolithic (/wiki/Mesolithic) Star Carr (/wiki/Star_Carr) . These were probably used for religious ceremonial (/wiki/Ceremony) or ritual (/wiki/Ritual) purposes, as horns tend to be impractical on a combat helmet (/wiki/Combat_helmet) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐67b8b5b86b‐qmw7t Cached time: 20240704064748 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.004 seconds Real time usage: 0.008 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75971290-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704064748 and revision id 1201598368. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Horned helmets" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Horned helmet (/wiki/Horned_helmet) C Cornuti (/wiki/Cornuti) G Grevensvænge figurines (/wiki/Grevensv%C3%A6nge_figurines) H Hadad (/wiki/Hadad) Horned helmet of Henry VIII (/wiki/Horned_helmet_of_Henry_VIII) K Keşlik Stele (/wiki/Ke%C5%9Flik_Stele) S Sherden (/wiki/Sherden) T Torrs Pony-cap and Horns (/wiki/Torrs_Pony-cap_and_Horns) V Veksø Helmets (/wiki/Veks%C3%B8_Helmets) Victory Stele of Naram-Sin (/wiki/Victory_Stele_of_Naram-Sin) W Waterloo Helmet (/wiki/Waterloo_Helmet) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Horned_helmets&oldid=1201598368 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Horned_helmets&oldid=1201598368) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ancient warfare (/wiki/Category:Ancient_warfare) Archaeological artefact types (/wiki/Category:Archaeological_artefact_types) Archaeological artifacts (/wiki/Category:Archaeological_artifacts) Human uses of horns (/wiki/Category:Human_uses_of_horns) Iron Age Europe (/wiki/Category:Iron_Age_Europe) Medieval helmets (/wiki/Category:Medieval_helmets) Nordic Bronze Age (/wiki/Category:Nordic_Bronze_Age)
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Swiss-English jewelry designer (born 1984) Sabine Getty Getty in 2016 Born Sabine Ghanem ( 1984-08-14 ) August 14, 1984 (age 39) Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) , Switzerland Alma mater Gemological Institute of America (/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of_America) Occupation(s) Jewelry designer, writer Years active 2012–present Spouse Joseph Getty ( m. 2015) Children 2 Family Ghanem, Getty (/wiki/Getty_family) Website sabinegetty (https://sabinegetty.com/) .com (https://sabinegetty.com/) Sabine Getty (née Ghanem ; born August 14, 1984) is a Swiss-Lebanese jewelry designer, socialite, and contributing editor at Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) . Early life [ edit ] Ghanem was born and raised in Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) , Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Her father, Charbel Ghanem, is a Lebanese (/wiki/Lebanese_people) financier (/wiki/Financier) and her mother, Karine Ratl, is an Egyptian (/wiki/Egyptians) interior decorator (/wiki/Interior_decorator) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Ghanem speaks English (/wiki/English_language) , French (/wiki/French_language) and Arabic (/wiki/Arabic) . She studied theatre (/wiki/Theatre) and opera (/wiki/Opera) before switching to design (/wiki/Design) . [ citation needed ] She graduated from the Gemological Institute of America (/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of_America) in 2012 [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) before moving to London (/wiki/London) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Her jewelry line "Sabine G.", is based in London and sold at Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) in New York, Maxfield in Los Angeles, Browns (/wiki/Browns_(fashion_boutique)) in London, Montaigne Market in Paris, and in stores in Monaco, Vienna, and Beirut. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Getty also works as a contributing editor for Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) . [6] (#cite_note-6) She is also very much involved with the National Gallery where she sits on the committee of their annual summer party as well as a co-chair for their Young Ambassadors program. In January 2024 Getty was featured on the International Best Dressed List 2023 alongside Timothee Chalamet (/wiki/Timothee_Chalamet) and Michelle Yeoh (/wiki/Michelle_Yeoh) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Personal life [ edit ] Ghanem married hedge fund manager Joseph Getty, son of Mark Getty (/wiki/Mark_Getty) and Domitilla Harding (/wiki/Domitilla_Harding) and a grandson of Sir John Paul Getty (/wiki/John_Paul_Getty,_Jr.) , in 2015 in a Catholic ceremony at the Basilica of the Twelve Apostles (/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome) in Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) . [8] (#cite_note-auto-8) Her dress (/wiki/Dress) was a custom made haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) gown by Schiaparelli (/wiki/Maison_Schiaparelli) with a hooded cloak designed by Lesage (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Lesage) and Charlotte Olympia (/wiki/Charlotte_Olympia) heels. [9] (#cite_note-9) Wedding guests included Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis (/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_von_Thurn_und_Taxis) , Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_York) , Ginevra Elkann (/wiki/Ginevra_Elkann) , Lady Getty (/wiki/Victoria_Holdsworth) , Charlotte Olympia Dellal (/wiki/Charlotte_Olympia_Dellal) , Pierre Casiraghi (/wiki/Pierre_Casiraghi) , Julia Restoin Roitfeld (/wiki/Julia_Restoin_Roitfeld) , and Bianca Brandolini d’Adda (/wiki/Bianca_Brandolini_d%E2%80%99Adda) . [10] (#cite_note-10) A party celebrating the wedding celebrations was hosted at the Palazzo Taverna (/wiki/Palazzo_Taverna,_Milan) . The wedding reception was held at the Castle Odescalchi (/wiki/Castello_Orsini-Odescalchi) . [8] (#cite_note-auto-8) [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2019 Getty and her husband were featured in Tatler's (/wiki/Tatler) 'Social Power List' alongside Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge) and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge) as having significant social influence in the United Kingdom. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2017 Getty gave birth to a daughter, Gene Honor Getty. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2019 she gave birth to a son, Jupiter Mark Getty. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Bagley, Christopher. "Jewelry Designer Sabine Getty Rocks the Boat" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/sabine-getty-married-jewelry-designer) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2017-05-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Garnett, Daisy (17 March 2015). "Sabine Ghanem's Multifaceted Appeal" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/sabine-ghanem-jewelry-designer) . W Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Girl: Sabine Ghanem" (https://coveteur.com/2014/01/09/the-girl-sabine-g-jewelry-designer/) . Coveteur . January 9, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "About" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160120163825/http://www.sabineg.com/about) . Sabine G . Archived from the original (http://www.sabineg.com/about) on 20 January 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Sabine Getty" (https://sabinegetty.com/) . Sabine Getty . Retrieved 2017-05-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Getty, Sabine (12 June 2019). "Sabine Getty reports from the Action on Addiction Gala with the Duchess of Cambridge" (https://www.tatler.com/article/sabine-getty-on-the-action-on-addiction-gala) . Tatler . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Timothée Chalamet Made the International Best-Dressed List" (https://www.thecut.com/2024/01/timothe-chalamet-international-best-dressed-list.html) . 12 January 2024. ^ Jump up to: a b "Sabine Ghanem and Joseph Getty's Wedding in Rome" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/rome-wedding-sabine-ghanem-joseph-getty) . Vogue . 29 July 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Sabine Ghanem and Joseph Getty's Wedding in Rome" (http://www.vogue.com/slideshow/rome-wedding-sabine-ghanem-joseph-getty#12) . Vogue . Retrieved 2017-05-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Sabine Ghanem's Fairy-Tale Wedding to Joseph Getty at a Castle in Rome" (https://www.vogue.com/article/sabine-ghanem-joseph-getty-wedding-rome-italy) . Vogue . 29 July 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Inside Sabine G's Glamorous Italian Wedding" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/news/a11060/sabine-g-wedding-photos/) . Harper's BAZAAR . June 1, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Harry and Meghan outranked by Kate and William on 'most socially significant' list" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/tatler-social-power-list-prince-william-kate-middleton-harry-meghan-idris-elba-a8972296.html) . The Independent . 2019-06-30 . Retrieved 2019-07-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Sabine Getty Rides the Baby Wave" (https://en.vogue.me/fashion/news/sabine-getty-jewelry-baby-memphis-collection/) . Vogue Arabia . March 22, 2017. 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British textile design company Laura Ashley Holdings Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Industry Home accessories (/wiki/Home_accessories) Furniture Home decorating Fashion Hospitality (/wiki/Hospitality_industry) [1] (#cite_note-AR2018-1) Predecessor Ashley Mountney Ltd, 1954 Founded 1954 in Pimlico (/wiki/Pimlico) , London, United Kingdom Founder Laura Ashley (/wiki/Laura_Ashley) Bernard Ashley (/wiki/Bernard_Ashley_(businessman)) Fate Sold to Gordon Brothers (/wiki/Gordon_Brothers) [2] (#cite_note-Briggs-2) Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Area served Worldwide Key people Ng Kwan Cheong ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Khoo Kay Peng (/wiki/Khoo_Kay_Peng) ( Chairman (/wiki/Chairman) ) Seán Anglim ( Finance director (/wiki/Chief_financial_officer) ) [1] (#cite_note-AR2018-1) Owner Gordon Brothers Group Website www (https://www.lauraashley.com) .lauraashley (https://www.lauraashley.com) .com (https://www.lauraashley.com) Laura Ashley shop, Hong Kong Laura Ashley ( LSE (/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange) : ALY (https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/ALY//) ) is a British textile design (/wiki/Textile_design) company. It was founded by Bernard Ashley (/wiki/Bernard_Ashley_(businessman)) and his wife Laura Ashley (/wiki/Laura_Ashley) in 1953 in London, and first became known for creating Victorian style head scarves, one of which was worn by Audrey Hepburn in the film Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday) . The company relocated to Wales in 1961, and later grew to become an international retail chain with in excess of 500 stores, selling a variety of clothing and household goods. In 1985 the company was taken public after the death of its founder. Its products have been described as 'quintessentially English.' [3] (#cite_note-fundinguniverse-3) On 17 March 2020, the company filed for administration (/wiki/Administration_in_United_Kingdom_law) , and was relaunched after its sale to Gordon Brothers (/wiki/Gordon_Brothers) . History [ edit ] Origins [ edit ] Bernard Ashley met Welsh secretary Laura Mountney at a youth club in Wallington, London (/wiki/Wallington,_London) . While working as a secretary and raising her first two children, part-time she designed napkins, table mats, and tea-towels which Bernard printed on a machine he had designed in an attic flat in Pimlico (/wiki/Pimlico) , London (/wiki/London) . [4] (#cite_note-Thorpe_Guardian-4) The couple had invested £10 in wood for the screen frame, dyes and a few yards of linen. [5] (#cite_note-NewY-5) Laura's inspiration to start producing printed fabric came from a Women's Institute (/wiki/Women%27s_Institute) display of traditional handicrafts at the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) . When Laura looked for small patches carrying Victorian designs to help her make patchworks, she found no such thing existed. Here was an opportunity, and she started to print Victorian style headscarves in 1953. Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) inadvertently sparked the growth of one of the world's most successful fashion and home furnishing companies. Hepburn appeared alongside Gregory Peck (/wiki/Gregory_Peck) in the 1953 film Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday_(1953_film)) , wearing a headscarf. As such a fashion icon, she instantly created a style that became popular around the globe. [4] (#cite_note-Thorpe_Guardian-4) The Ashleys' scarves quickly became successful with stores, retailing both via mail order (/wiki/Mail_order) and high street chains such as John Lewis (/wiki/John_Lewis_(department_store)) . From 1953, Bernard left his city job and the couple began to expand the company, initially named Ashley Mountney Ltd incorporating Laura Ashley's maiden name. [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) Laura designed the prints and Bernard built the printing equipment, so forging a complementary partnership that was to give the company its unique strength throughout the years. Laura remained in charge of design until shortly before her death, while Bernard handled the operational side. Employing staff to cope with the growth of sales, the company name was changed to Laura Ashley because Bernard felt a woman's name was more appropriate for the type of products. [5] (#cite_note-NewY-5) Expansion [ edit ] The new company moved to Kent (/wiki/Kent) in 1955, but the business was nearly wiped out in 1958, when the River Darent (/wiki/River_Darent) overflowed – leaving equipment, dyes, and fabrics floating in three feet of water. [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) Turnover rose from £2,000 to £8,000 in 1960, which left them looking for new premises. As the new M4 Motorway (/wiki/M4_Motorway) had just been built, Laura suggested Wales as there was much space, and driving up the new road one weekend, found a suitable house and shop available for a sum below their residual savings in Machynlleth (/wiki/Machynlleth) , Powys (/wiki/Powys) . The family moved to Wales in 1961, just after the birth of their third child. The first shop opened at 35 Maengwyn Street, which still today trades as an interior design shop, and the Laura Ashley association is commemorated by a small plaque. The family lived above the shop for six years before moving to Carno (/wiki/Carno) , Montgomeryshire (/wiki/Montgomeryshire) . [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) The Ashleys' first Welsh factory was originally located in the social club in Carno; in 1967 the factory moved across to the village's former railway station (/wiki/Carno_railway_station) . [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) These were crucial times in the development of the company. Bernard had developed his flat-bed printing process to produce 5,000 metres of fabric per week, and in 1966 Laura produced her first dress for social rather than work attire. The long length silhouette became the Laura Ashley trademark. It also was to work successfully in the company's favour, as fashion switched from the mini to the maxi skirt at the end of the 1960s. [7] (#cite_note-USA_Heritage-7) A newspaper suggested that by donning a Laura Ashley number, women could look as beautiful as Katharine Ross (/wiki/Katharine_Ross) in the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (/wiki/Butch_Cassidy_and_the_Sundance_Kid) . [8] (#cite_note-Ritson_Campaign-8) 1970s Laura Ashley dresses on display in the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) , in 2013. Retail shops [ edit ] The first shop under the Laura Ashley name opened in Pelham Street, South Kensington (/wiki/South_Kensington) , in 1968, [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) with additional shops opened in Shrewsbury (/wiki/Shrewsbury) and Bath (/wiki/Bath,_Somerset) in 1970. In one week alone, London's Fulham Road (/wiki/Fulham_Road) shop sold 4,000 dresses [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) – which resulted in the new factory in Newtown, Montgomeryshire (/wiki/Newtown,_Montgomeryshire) . It was the opening of the Paris (/wiki/Paris) shop in 1974 [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) which was the first to feature the distinctive green frontage and stripped wooden interior; and in the same year the first U.S. shop opened in San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) . [9] (#cite_note-Slesin_Obit-9) A licensing operation led to the opening of department store concessions in Australia (/wiki/Australia) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) , and Japan (/wiki/Japan) from 1971 onwards. [6] (#cite_note-UK_Heritage-6) By 1975, turnover was £5 million per year and the company employed 1,000 people worldwide. Laura turned down the offer of an OBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) because her husband Bernard was not also offered the honour, [10] (#cite_note-10) but a Queen's Award for Export (/wiki/Queen%27s_Award_for_Export) was accepted in 1977. [7] (#cite_note-USA_Heritage-7) Turnover reached £25 million in 1979, and a range of perfume was launched. [7] (#cite_note-USA_Heritage-7) The addition of a home in France enabled Laura to go back to her roots of fabric design, and the company launched its home furnishings collections. At one point the company was the largest employer in north Powys, with an excess of 13,000 staff in 500 shops and 13 factories according the BBC. [11] (#cite_note-bbc-11) In 1982 the book The Laura Ashley Book of Home Decorating was published. [5] (#cite_note-NewY-5) By the time of Laura Ashley's death in 1985, the company had over 220 stores around the world, employed over 4,000 people and turned over US$130 million annually. [9] (#cite_note-Slesin_Obit-9) The New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) wrote of Ashley’s style of fashion: “With their high necks, full skirts, mutton sleeves and lace and ruffle adornments, these dresses, along with prim pin-tucked cotton blouses, lace-trimmed nightgowns and grosgrain-ribbon-tied hats, solidified the ‘Laura Ashley look.’” [5] (#cite_note-NewY-5) Public company [ edit ] Two months after Laura Ashley's death in 1985, Laura Ashley Holdings plc went public in a flotation that was 34 times oversubscribed. [7] (#cite_note-USA_Heritage-7) That same year, the first store in Japan was opened in Tokyo. [12] (#cite_note-Japan_Story-12) Chairman Bernard Ashley accepted a knighthood in 1987, the same year in which the company opened a new factory, called Texplan, for printing fabrics and wallpapers, and launched new child and home furnishings ranges. [7] (#cite_note-USA_Heritage-7) In the early 1990s, Laura Ashley plc was suffering from a combination of over expansion of its retail outlets and dependence on what had become an overly complex and costly outsourced network of manufacturers. In 1991, American James Maxmin became the CEO at Laura Ashley, aiming to refocus the company on its core business. [13] (#cite_note-13) Over the next two and a half years, Maxmin led a series of changes, addressing problems in manufacturing and logistics that foreshadowed principles of his later book, The Support Economy , co-authored with his wife, Harvard Business School Professor Shoshana Zuboff (/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff) . One of the most significant initiatives at this time was a strategic alliance with FedEx (/wiki/FedEx) , forming a sort of proto-federation, aimed at improving distribution for close to 500 Laura Ashley stores. [14] (#cite_note-JOC_FedEx-14) The alliance was established as a 10-year partnership, but it was relatively open-ended, premised on trust. The objective was to be able to supply 99 percent of Laura Ashley's merchandise to customers anywhere in the world within 48 hours. The alliance replaced a legacy system that would route a T-shirt manufactured in Hong Kong to a warehouse in Newtown, Wales, before sending it to a retail store in Japan. In 1992, Maxmin led Laura Ashley to its first profits since 1989, and in 1993 profits were expected to reach £12 million. Laura Ashley plc celebrated its 40th anniversary in 1993, the same year that Sir Bernard retired as chairman and became honorary life president. [15] (#cite_note-Wilkinson_Independent-15) But in early April 1994 Maxmin abruptly resigned from Laura Ashley, citing major differences with Sir Bernard over strategy. [15] (#cite_note-Wilkinson_Independent-15) Over the next five years, four individuals were given the Chief Executive role in quick succession in an attempt to find a solution to the growing financial difficulties of the company, during which time the company's bankers became increasingly concerned. [16] (#cite_note-Grant_Cases_2003-16) A new source of finance was desperately needed, and this was found in 1998 in a new relationship with the Malaysian MUI Group. Laura Ashley closed its last rural factory in Wales in 1999. [17] (#cite_note-17) MUI Asia management [ edit ] In May 1998, MUI Asia Limited (/wiki/MUI_Group) became a major shareholder in Laura Ashley Holdings plc and under the new management, this world famous international brand was back in profit. Rescued from the receivers in 1998, 58 per cent of the shares are believed to be controlled directly or indirectly by the company's chairman Dr Khoo Kay Peng (/wiki/Khoo_Kay_Peng) . [18] (#cite_note-18) Part of the rescue of the parent company involved selling off the United States operations for the sum of $1, the buyer being a company also controlled by MUI. [19] (#cite_note-19) All retail stores were subsequently closed and the Laura Ashley brand is now represented in the USA through its e-commerce business. Laura Ashley experienced several setbacks in the early years of the new century. In October 2002 it launched a £18m lawsuit against L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , [20] (#cite_note-20) which manufactured the Laura Ashley perfumes; Laura Ashley was eventually awarded a reduced amount of damages, which however did not even cover the legal costs of the suit. [21] (#cite_note-21) By 2003 Laura Ashley closed all of its North American stores in order to focus on the UK market. [5] (#cite_note-NewY-5) A positive direction seemed to be underway early in 2004 with the establishment of a relationship with Scottish couture designer Alistair Blair (/w/index.php?title=Alistair_Blair_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) , [22] (#cite_note-22) who had previously designed for Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_SE) and Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , and soon afterwards the company posted a profit compared with the loss of the previous year, [23] (#cite_note-23) especially on the back of an expansion of home furnishing sales although clothing sales continued to decline. However, by the end of the year the arrangement with Blair was terminated. Laura Ashley closed its flagship store on London's Regent Street in late 2005 because of rent increases. [24] (#cite_note-24) Despite these issues, profitability seemed to be returning to the company in the years immediately prior to the 2007 Global Financial Crisis (/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008) . Profits for 2005 stood at £6.1 million, and this figure was doubled in 2006 to £12.2 million, [25] (#cite_note-25) representing the strongest performance since the MUI buyout. Both fashion and home accessories were attributed as strong areas for the company at this time. There were some areas of concern emerging as the Global Financial Crisis took hold. The company was criticised in 2009 for price discrepancies, which meant Irish customers were charged more than their UK counterparts for the same items, a situation which Laura Ashley justified. [26] (#cite_note-26) The following year the company was involved in an acrimonious industrial dispute, again in the Republic of Ireland (/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland) . [27] (#cite_note-27) In 2011 the company was found to be in breach of fair employment conditions in a case raised in Northern Ireland and was required to pay compensation to the aggrieved employee. [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2012 the company responded with complacency to a significant number of negative online consumer reviews, pointing to improving sales and profitability figures, but the Financial Times, perhaps somewhat prophetically, commented "Laura Ashley may be right to shrug off online criticism. However, no company can expect to do well for ever. Web reviews, particularly when many persistently repeat the same complaints, may indicate looming difficulties". [29] (#cite_note-29) Some signs of weakness in the company were seen when in early 2016 Laura Ashley's Australian operations entered voluntary administration, [30] (#cite_note-30) but they managed to trade out of the difficulties and in the event remained afloat for more than a further two years. There were some changes and pull-backs for Laura Ashley internationally in 2018. Early in the year, the long-standing relationship with Japanese company Aeon (/wiki/AEON_(company)) was terminated by Aeon due to reduced profitability of their Laura Ashley operations. [31] (#cite_note-31) All 120 stores in Japan closed in September that year. However, as the Aeon relationship was expiring in September 2018, it was announced that the Master Licence arrangement previously with Aeon had been taken up by the large Itochu Corporation (/wiki/Itochu) which already had diverse interests in the textiles field. Itochu announced that they intended to "expand the offering at major department stores [and] specialty stores ... and showcase the appeal of the brand to new customer groups through an official e-commerce site and directly managed shops ... with target retail sales of 8.0 billion yen in three years". [32] (#cite_note-32) At the very end of the year, Laura Ashley Australia suddenly went into administration, and when no buyer for the operation was found, all stores across Australia, as well as the online business, ceased operating at the end of 2018. [33] (#cite_note-33) New chairman Andrew Khoo was upbeat at the year's end, looking to expand Laura Ashley's online sales and perhaps later a physical presence in the Chinese market. [34] (#cite_note-34) Setbacks were also experienced in the UK operation. In December 2018 it was announced that 40 stores would close due to poor trading conditions. [35] (#cite_note-35) In February 2019, anticipated poor performance for the financial year was flagged, though an expansion of online sales and hospitality ventures were identified as areas of growth. [36] (#cite_note-36) In August 2019 an expanded annual loss was announced, brought about by declining sales of traditional mainstay products even as new ventures in tearooms and hotels were expanding. [37] (#cite_note-37) In 2020, immediately following the COVID-19 outbreak, Laura Ashley said it would file for administration. [38] (#cite_note-38) According to Sky News (/wiki/Sky_News) , the company became one of the first large UK companies to do so as a result of the pandemic. [39] (#cite_note-39) At this time the company had 150 retail locations. [40] (#cite_note-40) Gordon Brothers management [ edit ] On 22 April 2020, it was announced that investment firm Gordon Brothers (/wiki/Gordon_Brothers) had acquired the Laura Ashley brand name, archives and intellectual property rights out of administration. [2] (#cite_note-Briggs-2) In October 2020, it was announced that Laura Ashley would return with a flagship store in the Westfield Shopping Centre in West London in 2021 through Next (/wiki/Next_plc) 's 500 UK stores & website, and with a series of new stores. [41] (#cite_note-41) That year they also released a collaborated line with dressmaker Batsheva (/wiki/Batsheva_Hay) . [5] (#cite_note-NewY-5) In 2022 they partnered with IMG to reestablish their presence in China, India, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the Middle East. [42] (#cite_note-Drape-42) That year Laura Ashley partnered with Mamas & Papas to design a line of baby clothing, nursery bedding, toys, and pushchairs. [42] (#cite_note-Drape-42) They also partnered with Baggu on a line of bags, [43] (#cite_note-43) and partnered with companies Graham & Brown as well as Ashley Wilde. [44] (#cite_note-44) By the end of 2022, there were 600 retailers that had Laura Ashley in stock alongside its own stores, and the company had a portfolio of in excess of 3000 products. [45] (#cite_note-FN-45) In 2023 the company celebrated its 70th anniversary with events including a quilt exhibition and heritage exhibit held in Newtown, Wales. [46] (#cite_note-46) A heritage plaque was laid by the City of Newtown discussing the company’s founding as a part of the event. [11] (#cite_note-bbc-11) That year Laura Ashley partnered for a new line with Lucky Brand (/wiki/Lucky_Brand_Jeans) . [47] (#cite_note-47) Senior management [ edit ] Chief Executive Officers [ edit ] 1976–1990 – John James 1991–1993 – Jim Maxmin 1983–1995 – A. Schouten 1995–1997 – Ann Iverson 1997–1998 – David Hoare 1998–1999 – Victoria Egan 1999–present – Ng Kwan Cheong [16] (#cite_note-Grant_Cases_2003-16) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Annual Report 2018" (https://www.lauraashley.com/file/general/laura_ashley_annual_report_2018_web.pdf) (PDF) . Laura Ashley . Retrieved 30 September 2019 . ^ a b Briggs, Fiona (22 April 2020). "Investment firm, Gordon Brothers, acquires Laura Ashley brand" (https://www.retailtimes.co.uk/investment-firm-gordon-brothers-acquires-laura-ashley-brand/) . Retail Times . Retrieved 3 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-fundinguniverse_3-0) Funding Universe. Company Histories & Profiles: Laura Ashley Holdings plc (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Laura-Ashley-Holdings-plc-Company-History.html) . ^ a b Thorpe, Vanessa (16 September 2018). "How the florals and frills of Laura Ashley came to define an era" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/sep/16/how-laura-ashley-florals-and-frills-define-an-era) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ a b c d e f Fortini, Amanda (21 October 2021). "The Enduring Appeal of Laura Ashley" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/21/t-magazine/laura-ashley-batsheva.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ a b c d e f g h "Our Heritage" (https://www.lauraashley.com/en-gb/our-heritage) . Laura Ashley UK . Laura Ashley . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ a b c d e "Our Heritage" (https://www.lauraashleyusa.com/pages/heritage) . Laura Ashley USA . Laura Ashley . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ritson_Campaign_8-0) Ritson, Mark (6 July 2005). "Mark Ritson on branding: Laura Ashley's resurrection is not unthinkable" (https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/mark-ritson-branding-laura-ashleys-resurrection-not-unthinkable/483609) . Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_(magazine)) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ a b Slesin, Suzanne (18 September 1985). "Laura Ashley, British designer, is dead at 60" (https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/18/world/laura-ashley-british-designer-is-dead-at-60.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Laura Ashley" (https://www.famousfashiondesigners.org/laura-ashley) . Famous Fashion Designers . Retrieved 30 September 2019 . ^ a b "Laura Ashley: Plaque celebrates designer's Welsh roots" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-64896532) . BBC News . 9 March 2023 . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Japan_Story_12-0) "Story: ブランドヒストリー (Story: Brand history)" (https://lauraashley-jp.com/story/) . Laura Ashley Japan . Laura Ashley. 14 June 2019 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Sally Bain (13 May 1993). "Life Begins at 40 for Laura Ashley" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190929132842/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-14177781/life-begins-at-40-for-laura-ashley) . Archived from the original (https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-14177781/life-begins-at-40-for-laura-ashley) on 29 September 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-JOC_FedEx_14-0) "Laura Ashley, FexEx link up" (https://www.joc.com/laura-ashley-fedex-link_19920319.html) . Journal of Commerce . 19 March 1992 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ a b Wilkinson, Terence (13 April 1994). "Maxmin quits Laura Ashley: Chief executive resigns after ongoing dispute over need to increase spending" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/maxmin-quits-laura-ashley-chief-executive-resigns-after-ongoing-dispute-over-need-to-increase-1369773.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ a b Grant, Robert M (/wiki/Robert_M._Grant_(economist)) ; Neupert, Kent E (/w/index.php?title=Kent_E_Neupert&action=edit&redlink=1) (2003). "Case 2: Laura Ashley Holdings PLC: The battle for survival". Cases in contemporary strategy analysis (3rd ed.). Blackwell. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1405111801 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) David Bruce, Greg Halseth, Sean Patrick Markey (2009). The Next Rural Economies: Constructing Rural Place in Global Economies . CABI. p. 171. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781845935825 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-18) The Scotsman (http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/business.cfm?id=1663342005) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071213170612/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/business.cfm?id=1663342005) 2007-12-13 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Cope, Nigel (29 April 1999). "Laura Ashley sells US stores for $1" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/laura-ashley-sells-us-stores-for-1-1090332.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Ashley's £18m suit" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/ashleys-18m-suit) . Vogue UK (/wiki/British_Vogue) . 21 October 2002 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Laura Ashley awarded £2.9m in L'Oreal dispute" (https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/laura-ashley-awarded-29m-in-loreal-dispute-287455.html) . Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) . 1 December 2006 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Laura Ashley gets makeover from Scots design guru" (https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/laura-ashley-gets-makeover-from-scots-design-guru-1-530436) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . 10 May 2004 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Laura Ashley moves back to profit" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3649153.stm) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 22 April 2004 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "West End loses Laura Ashley shop" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2005/jun/22/3) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . 22 June 2005 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Walsh, Fiona (28 March 2007). "Laura Ashley posts its best results in 10 years" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/mar/28/4) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 30 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Reilly, Jerome (4 October 2009). "Price is not right at Laura Ashley outlets" (http://www.independent.ie/national-news/price-is-not-right-at-laura-ashley-outlets-1903836.html) . Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) . Retrieved 6 January 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) McGreevy, Ronan (22 October 2010). "Laura Ashley staff protest in Dublin" (https://www.irishtimes.com/news/laura-ashley-staff-protest-in-dublin-1.866063) . Irish Times (/wiki/Irish_Times) . Retrieved 30 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Laura Ashley employee awarded £9k for discrimination" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-13559098) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 6 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Skapinker, Michael (4 October 2012). "Online reviews tell us less than we think" (https://www.ft.com/content/40003146-095b-11e2-a5e3-00144feabdc0) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . Retrieved 30 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Laura Ashley Australia enters voluntary administration" (https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/home/interiors/laura-ashley-australia-enters-voluntary-administration/news-story/37652f0da59fcfa7f7c4aa9928b1f92a) . News Limited (/wiki/News_Corp_Australia) . 8 January 2016 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Company Announcements: Laura Ashley Holdings PLC:Update on Laura Ashley Japan" (https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/detail?dockey=1323-13519051-6QQ8D43IUU4TGQRD4233GGCDVA) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . 2 February 2018 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "ITOCHU Announces Acquisition of the Exclusive Right of Import and Distribution and the Master License of "Laura Ashley" Brand" (https://www.itochu.co.jp/en/news/press/2018/180914.html) . Itochu . Itochu Corporation. 14 September 2018 . Retrieved 1 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Dunckley, Mathew (17 December 2018). "Laura Ashley to shut down Australian stores after fruitless buyer hunt" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/laura-ashley-to-shut-down-australian-stores-after-fruitless-buyer-hunt-20181217-p50msw.html) . Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Laura Ashley sees Asia as its best hope for survival" (https://insideretail.asia/2018/12/18/laura-ashley-sees-asia-as-its-best-hope-for-survival/) . Inside Retail Asia (/w/index.php?title=Inside_Retail_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1) . 18 December 2018 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Barr, Sabrina (17 December 2018). "Laura Ashley to close 40 stores across UK" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/laura-ashley-store-list-close-uk-china-expansion-retail-a8686461.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) McCormick, Myles (20 February 2019). "Laura Ashley warns on full-year results in 'turbulent market' (https://www.ft.com/content/211a9e2c-34df-11e9-bb0c-42459962a812) " (https://www.ft.com/content/211a9e2c-34df-11e9-bb0c-42459962a812) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Parsley, David (22 August 2019). "Laura Ashley plunges to £14m annual loss" (https://inews.co.uk/news/business/laura-ashley-plunges-to-14m-annual-loss-495365) . iNews (/wiki/INews) . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Laura Ashley blames coronavirus as it heads for administration" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51927691) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 17 March 2020 . Retrieved 17 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Coronavirus: Laura Ashley set to become first retail casualty of crisis" (https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-laura-ashley-set-to-become-first-retail-casualty-of-crisis-11958881) . Sky News . Retrieved 17 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Laura Ashley heads for insolvency as coronavirus deepens retail woes" (https://www.digitalcommerce360.com/2020/03/17/laura-ashley-heads-for-insolvency-as-coronavirus-deepens-retail-woes/) . Digital Commerce 360 . 17 March 2020 . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Smithers, Rebecca (31 October 2020). "Laura Ashley returns to UK high street after deal with Next" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/oct/31/laura-ashley-returns-to-uk-high-street-after-deal-with-next) . The Guardian . Retrieved 3 December 2020 . ^ a b Weston, Sabina (30 June 2022). "Laura Ashley to collaborate with Mamas & Papas" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/laura-ashley-to-collaborate-with-mamas-papas) . Drapers . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Laura Ashley unveils bag line with Baggu" (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/Laura-ashley-unveils-bag-line-with-baggu,1492841.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Poppy Marshall-Lawton: bringing Laura Ashley back into fashion" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jan/31/poppy-marshall-lawton-bringing-laura-ashley-back-into-fashion) . The Guardian . 31 January 2023. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-FN_45-0) "Laura Ashley heads to 70th anniversary after year in which UK sales soared" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Laura-ashley-heads-to-70th-anniversary-after-year-in-which-uk-sales-soared,1467388.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Plans to honour design icon Laura Ashley with heritage hub in Powys town" (https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/23308196.plans-laura-ashley-heritage-hub-newtown-powys/) . County Times . 9 February 2023 . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Palmieri, Jean E. (9 March 2023). "Lucky Brand Partners With Laura Ashley on Capsule Collection" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/lucky-brand-laura-ashley-on-capsule-collection-jeans-1235575197/) . WWD . Retrieved 7 June 2023 . External links [ edit ] Laura Ashley (company website) (https://www.lauraashley.com/) Our Heritage (Laura Ashley UK company history overview) (https://www.lauraashley.com/en-gb/our-heritage) Our Heritage (Laura Ashley USA company history overview) (https://www.lauraashleyusa.com/pages/heritage) Laura Ashley obituary @ New York Times (https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/18/world/laura-ashley-british-designer-is-dead-at-60.html) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) MusicBrainz label (https://musicbrainz.org/label/8396a607-1550-4b5c-885f-bfa9fb2a6a5a) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐65c7cb9d7f‐vm9w2 Cached time: 20240626235023 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.582 seconds Real time usage: 0.699 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3325/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 91084/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2342/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 176812/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.376/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7029891/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 626.963 1 -total 49.62% 311.088 1 Template:Reflist 22.22% 139.309 17 Template:Cite_web 18.05% 113.166 26 Template:Cite_news 17.26% 108.186 1 Template:Infobox_company 15.59% 97.768 1 Template:Infobox 13.46% 84.392 1 Template:Authority_control 11.72% 73.468 1 Template:Short_description 7.33% 45.945 2 Template:Pagetype 2.63% 16.485 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30499116-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626235023 and revision id 1209755936. 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Australian fashion label Zimmermann Industry Fashion Founded 1991 ; 33 years ago ( 1991 ) Founder Nicky Zimmermann, Simone Zimmermann Headquarters Sydney, NSW , Australia Area served Worldwide Products Clothing, fashion accessories, swimwear Website www (https://www.zimmermann.com/) .zimmermann (https://www.zimmermann.com/) .com (https://www.zimmermann.com/) Zimmermann is a luxury fashion brand from Sydney, Australia. The eponymous label was founded by sisters Nicky and Simone Zimmermann in 1991. [1] (#cite_note-Sydney_Morning_Herald_-_NY-1) Zimmermann has over 56 stores in both Australia and globally, including throughout the United States, United Kingdom, Europe and China. History [ edit ] Sisters Nicky and Simone Zimmermann founded the label in 1991, opening their first store in 1992. [2] (#cite_note-2) Nicky Zimmermann attended design school in East Sydney, where she began designing garments from her parents' garage and selling them at Paddington (/wiki/Paddington,_New_South_Wales) markets, where she was able to see first-hand how women responded to her designs. [3] (#cite_note-3) Her sister, Simone, joined the business later alongside Nicky in 1991. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Zimmermann presents their ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) collections each year in Australia and the US at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) and made their debut in France (/wiki/France) at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) in 2022. [8] (#cite_note-8) In the following years, the Zimmermann label extended to swim separates, kids, and accessories. [9] (#cite_note-9) After the expansion, Zimmermann started making ready-to-wear collections available outside of Australia. In 2008, Zimmermann also launched its online boutique at zimmermann.com. [10] (#cite_note-10) In August 2023, American private equity firm Advent International (/wiki/Advent_International) acquired a majority stake in Zimmermann in a deal valuing the company between $1.5–1.75 billion. [11] (#cite_note-11) Collections [ edit ] Since its launch in the US in 2011, Zimmermann has followed a Northern Hemisphere (/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere) calendar for collection releases. [12] (#cite_note-12) This includes Spring/Summer, Fall and Resort collections for Ready to Wear, and Summer and Resort for Swim. [13] (#cite_note-13) The Zimmermann brand now includes the lines Ready-to-Wear, Swim and Resort, Kids, and Accessories. [14] (#cite_note-14) Editorial [ edit ] The brand received acclaim from household names such as Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , Gigi (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) and Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , Margot Robbie (/wiki/Margot_Robbie) , Chrissy Teigen (/wiki/Chrissy_Teigen) , Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) , Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) , Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) , Paris Jackson (/wiki/Paris_Jackson_(actress)) , Jessica Biel (/wiki/Jessica_Biel) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Lana Del Rey (/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey) , Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) and Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Locations [ edit ] Zimmermann has 56 stores located throughout Australia, the US, and the UK. [16] (#cite_note-16) The collections are stocked in stores internationally, including Barney's (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) , Saks 5th Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) , Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges,_Oxford_Street) , Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) , and Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) . Zimmermann is also featured on Net-A- Porter (/wiki/YOOX_Net-a-Porter_Group) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Zimmermann also maintains showrooms in Sydney, London (/wiki/London) , France (/wiki/France) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , New York (/wiki/New_York_City) and Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Awards and recognitions [ edit ] The brand received the Australian Fashion Laureate Award (/w/index.php?title=Australian_Fashion_Laureate_Award&action=edit&redlink=1) in 2014, AFI Best Swimwear Designer, Prix de Marie Claire Best Swimwear Brand, and Prix de Marie Claire Best Swimwear Designer. [21] (#cite_note-21) Nicky Zimmermann has been a member of the Australian Fashion Week Advisory Board [22] (#cite_note-22) and has previously been a mentor for the Qantas Spirit of Australia Youth Awards. [23] (#cite_note-23) Nicky was also a founding board member of the Australian Fashion Chamber. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Sydney_Morning_Herald_-_NY_1-0) Aidan, Beatrice (19 April 2012). "Sexiness, sisters and the city" (http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/sexiness-sisters-and-the-city-20120418-1x7oo.html) . Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 12 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Zimmermann" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171129155444/http://www.vogue.com.au/celebrity/designers/zimmermann,89) . Vogue.com.au . 31 December 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com.au/celebrity/designers/zimmermann,89) on 29 November 2017 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "ELLE Style Awards Contemporary Fashion Brand of the Year: Zimmermann" (https://www.elle.com.au/elle-style-awards/elle-style-awards-contemporary-fashion-brand-of-the-year-zimmermann-8489) . ELLE . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Scissor sisters" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/weekend-australian-magazine/how-the-zimmermann-siblings-built-a-fashion-empire/news-story/5a2d3937751528a7adfb7d8df595af46) . 11 April 2014 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Nicky & Simone Zimmermann Are Among the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry in 2017" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/nicky-simone-zimmermann) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Zimmermann shows ruffles and lace at NYFW" (https://www.marieclaire.com.au/zimmermann-runway-nyfw) . Marie Claire . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Bobb, Brooke. "Zimmermann Resort 2018 Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/resort-2018/zimmermann) . Vogue . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Huntington, Patty (4 October 2022). "Wonder from Down Under: Zimmermann bows in Paris for spring 2023" (https://harpersbazaar.com.au/zimmermann-spring-summer-2023/) . Harper's Bazaar Australia . Retrieved 23 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Zimmermann Wear Pty Ltd: Private Company Information - Bloomberg" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=279344022) . www.bloomberg.com . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Zimmermann" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171121081832/http://blog.nyftv.com/archives/195) . New York Fashion TV Blog . 12 September 2017. Archived from the original (http://blog.nyftv.com/archives/195) on 21 November 2017 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Sams, Lauren (8 August 2023). "Zimmermann smashes valuation record in Advent sale" (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/zimmermann-valued-at-1-5b-in-advent-deal-20230808-p5duqg) . Australian Financial Review . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Zimmermann shows SS18 collection at NYFW - CLIQUE Mag" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171002191505/http://www.cliquemag.com.au/article/zimmermann-ss18-nyfw/) . CLIQUE Mag . Archived from the original (http://www.cliquemag.com.au/article/zimmermann-ss18-nyfw/) on 2 October 2017 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Bobb, Brooke. "Zimmermann Spring 2018 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2018-ready-to-wear/zimmermann) . Vogue . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "staff picks: the best swimsuits for summer" (https://nylon.com/articles/staff-picks-best-swimsuits) . NYLON . 19 June 2015 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Aussie designers Zimmermann dress world's best" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/aussie-designers-zimmerman-shine-across-the-globe-with-paris-jackson-looking-stunning-in-floral-gown/news-story/1652a487d9d0db056bd3b1697fb4c56f) . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Zimmermann | Store locator" (https://www.zimmermann.com/storelocator/search/) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Net-a-Porter's Exclusive 11-Piece Capsule Collection with Zimmermann Launches" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161009113813/http://www.instyle.com/fashion/net-porter-zimmermann-capsule-collection-launch) . InStyle.com . Archived from the original (http://www.instyle.com/fashion/net-porter-zimmermann-capsule-collection-launch) on 9 October 2016 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Zimmermann continues US domination" (https://www.elle.com.au/fashion/zimmermann-opens-in-la-2308) . ELLE . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Zimmermann Resort 2018 Show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171002080741/http://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/zimmermann-resort-2018-runway-show-13457) . Harper's BAZAAR . Archived from the original (https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/zimmermann-resort-2018-runway-show-13457) on 2 October 2017 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Step Inside Zimmermann's Relaxed But Elegant New Beach-Side Store" (http://www.mydomainehome.com.au/zimmermann-store-miami) . MyDomaine AU . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Fashion designer Nicky Zimmermann is a Guest Stylist" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180319062746/http://www.styledbymarieclaire.com.au/stylists/17-nicky-zimmermann) . Archived from the original (http://www.styledbymarieclaire.com.au/stylists/17-nicky-zimmermann) on 19 March 2018 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Introducing our board of Directors - Australian Fashion Chamber" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171210205015/http://australianfashionchamber.com/introducing-our-board-of-directors/) . Australian Fashion Chamber . 10 April 2014. Archived from the original (http://australianfashionchamber.com/introducing-our-board-of-directors/) on 10 December 2017 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "QANTAS Spirit of Youth Awards 2010, Sydney" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/celebrity/qantas-spirit-of-youth-awards-2010-sydney-12551) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.zimmermannwear.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐frtct Cached time: 20240701003454 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.403 seconds Real time usage: 0.515 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2337/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46078/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1682/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 84968/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.255/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6218654/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 480.724 1 -total 46.62% 224.129 1 Template:Reflist 36.71% 176.455 18 Template:Cite_news 27.49% 132.157 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.84% 119.409 1 Template:Infobox 14.51% 69.763 1 Template:Short_description 8.53% 41.005 2 Template:Pagetype 3.85% 18.506 9 Template:Main_other 3.57% 17.180 1 Template:Authority_control 3.41% 16.415 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55783508-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701003454 and revision id 1219656974. 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American fashion designer (1948–1993) Bill Robinson (1948 – 16 December 1993, New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) ) [1] (#cite_note-1) was an American (/wiki/American_people) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . He was known for his "pioneering soft-shouldered jackets with slim waists, arresting combinations of just-off colors, and zippers going up the fronts of his vests." [2] (#cite_note-Pioneering_Designer-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Robinson was born and raised in Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) and was a graduate of Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) . [2] (#cite_note-Pioneering_Designer-2) Career [ edit ] Before having his own label, Robinson worked for Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) , Stan Herman (/wiki/Stan_Herman) , Leo Narducci, Gloria Vanderbilt (/wiki/Gloria_Vanderbilt) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) (chief menswear designer), and Yves St. Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) . [2] (#cite_note-Pioneering_Designer-2) Personal life [ edit ] Robinson's companion (/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States) was Leo Chiu. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) fashionencyclopedia.com Bill Robinson (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Pi-Ro/Robinson-Bill.html) ^ Jump up to: a b c Pace, Eric (December 17, 1993). "Bill Robinson, 45, Pioneering Designer Of Fashions for Men" (https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/17/obituaries/bill-robinson-45-pioneering-designer-of-fashions-for-men.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Bill Robinson; Designer of Men's Fashions" (http://articles.latimes.com/1993-12-18/news/mn-3009_1_bill-robinson) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . December 18, 1993. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐775fb65b49‐ndr8q Cached time: 20240710020659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.193 seconds Real time usage: 0.266 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 321/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4355/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 572/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8898/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.122/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3590072/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 247.791 1 -total 53.06% 131.483 1 Template:Reflist 42.94% 106.397 2 Template:Cite_news 33.25% 82.381 1 Template:Short_description 17.01% 42.157 2 Template:Pagetype 11.93% 29.560 1 Template:Authority_control 11.03% 27.322 3 Template:Main_other 10.03% 24.842 1 Template:SDcat 1.04% 2.589 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53788104-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710020659 and revision id 1146749604. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Robinson_(fashion_designer)&oldid=1146749604 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Robinson_(fashion_designer)&oldid=1146749604) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1948 births (/wiki/Category:1948_births) 1993 deaths (/wiki/Category:1993_deaths) 20th-century American LGBT people (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_LGBT_people) American fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_businesspeople) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) LGBT fashion designers (/wiki/Category:LGBT_fashion_designers) Menswear designers (/wiki/Category:Menswear_designers) People from Philadelphia (/wiki/Category:People_from_Philadelphia) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Inuit clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Inuit_clothing) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐7fd654d969‐sb4ff Cached time: 20240722100403 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.066 seconds Real time usage: 0.107 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2590/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 280/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.038/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1003515/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 81.678 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 81.678 1 -total 96.37% 78.714 1 Template:Sister_project 93.48% 76.355 1 Template:Side_box 44.68% 36.495 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24333650-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722100403 and revision id 1184431722. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. I Inuit fashion (/wiki/Category:Inuit_fashion) (3 P) Pages in category "Inuit clothing" The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . * Inuit clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) A Amauti (/wiki/Amauti) H History of Inuit clothing (/wiki/History_of_Inuit_clothing) I Inuit fashion (/wiki/Inuit_fashion) K Kamleika (/wiki/Kamleika) Kuspuk (/wiki/Kuspuk) M Mukluk (/wiki/Mukluk) P Parka (/wiki/Parka) R Research on Inuit clothing (/wiki/Research_on_Inuit_clothing) S Sinews of Survival (/wiki/Sinews_of_Survival) Snow goggles (/wiki/Snow_goggles) T Tuilik (/wiki/Tuilik) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Inuit_clothing&oldid=1184431722 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Inuit_clothing&oldid=1184431722) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by ethnicity (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_ethnicity) Indigenous textile art of the Americas (/wiki/Category:Indigenous_textile_art_of_the_Americas) Inuit culture (/wiki/Category:Inuit_culture) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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Igedo (Igedo Company GmbH & Co. KG) is an organiser of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) fairs and shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) established in 1949 and located in Düsseldorf (/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf) , North Rhine-Westphalia (/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia) , Germany. The acronym (/wiki/Acronym) abbreviates "Interessengemeinschaft Damenoberbekleidung", in English "Community of interests for women's outerwear". Since 2004 it belongs to Messe Düsseldorf (/wiki/Messe_D%C3%BCsseldorf) . The former fashion fairs of the Igedo known as "Verkaufs- und Modewoche Düsseldorf", "Igedo Fashion Fairs" or "Collection premiere Düsseldorf" (CPD - 30,000 trade visitors in 2009) were at times the largest in the world. [1] (#cite_note-1) Since 2007, the Bread & Butter (/wiki/Bread_%26_Butter_(tradeshow)) tradeshow in Berlin surpassed its dominance. Igedo has branches in Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) and Almaty (/wiki/Almaty) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) AUMA fair database (http://www.auma.de/_pages/MessenDeutschland/MessenDeutschland.aspx?sprache=d) External links [ edit ] Official website (https://igedo.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75f5cdb58d‐dxvc7 Cached time: 20240702130327 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.040 seconds Real time usage: 0.083 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 128/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1017/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 147/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1354/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.011/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 631353/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 70.249 1 -total 64.46% 45.284 1 Template:Official_website 35.43% 24.888 1 Template:Reflist 3.52% 2.471 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43058641-0!canonical and timestamp 20240702130327 and revision id 1232193511. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Igedo&oldid=1232193511 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Igedo&oldid=1232193511) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies based in Düsseldorf (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf) Trade fairs in Germany (/wiki/Category:Trade_fairs_in_Germany) German fashion (/wiki/Category:German_fashion) Economy of North Rhine-Westphalia (/wiki/Category:Economy_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia) Event management companies of Germany (/wiki/Category:Event_management_companies_of_Germany)
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American photographer Raymond Jacobs Born ( 1923-04-26 ) April 26, 1923 Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) Died March 17, 1993 (1993-03-17) (aged 69) Torrington, Connecticut (/wiki/Torrington,_Connecticut) Nationality American Occupation(s) Photographer, Filmmaker, Businessman Raymond Jacobs (April 26, 1923 [1] (#cite_note-chrono-1) – March 17, 1993 [2] (#cite_note-2) ) was an American photographer, filmmaker, and businessman. Raymond Jacobs is primarily known for his iconic reportage photographs of New York City street scenes from the late 1940s through the mid 1960s, his portraits of celebrities and notable figures of the era such as Louis Armstrong (/wiki/Louis_Armstrong) , Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) and Robert F. Kennedy (/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy) , [3] (#cite_note-3) as well as his in-depth photographic studies of subjects like the American circus and female impersonators. [4] (#cite_note-4) Jacobs also had a successful career as a commercial advertising photographer during the 1950s- 1970s. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the 1970s Jacobs took a pause from his photographic career and, with his wife Eleanor, popularized the countercultural footwear brand Earth Shoes (/wiki/Earth_shoe) through their New York based “Earth Shoe Company”. [6] (#cite_note-6) Raymond Jacobs’ photographic archive is represented by The J. Blatt Agency LLC (http://www.jblattagency.com) , New York. [7] (#cite_note-7) Early life [ edit ] Jacobs began working as a mink-cutter at his father's fur business in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) 's Garment District (/wiki/Garment_District,_Manhattan) at the age of 12. [8] (#cite_note-lens-8) [9] (#cite_note-sun-9) He attended DeWitt Clinton High School (/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_High_School) in the Bronx (/wiki/Bronx) , where he photographed the 1939 New York World's Fair (/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair) with a Brownie (/wiki/Brownie_(camera)) box camera (/wiki/Box_camera) for the student newspaper. [8] (#cite_note-lens-8) Jacobs enlisted in the U.S. Army and served in the Signal Corps (/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)) in Europe during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Career [ edit ] Photographer [ edit ] With an interest in photography since high school, Jacobs applied to a photography class conducted by Lisette Model (/wiki/Lisette_Model) at The New School (/wiki/The_New_School) . Model reviewed his portfolio and asked his profession. He replied, "I am a furrier." She told him, "You are not— you are a photographer." [8] (#cite_note-lens-8) After studying with Model, Jacobs joined a class taught by Sid Grossman (/wiki/Sid_Grossman) in 1953. Later in 1960, with an interest in color photography, he studied carbon print (/wiki/Carbon_print) color processing with Sy Kattelson (/wiki/Sy_Kattelson) and subsequently installed color lab equipment into his own darkroom. [1] (#cite_note-chrono-1) At the age of 30, Jacobs began a career as a freelance commercial photographer. [9] (#cite_note-sun-9) Through his work with a number of prominent advertising agencies, he photographed campaigns for Campbell's Soup (/wiki/Campbell_Soup_Company) , Tareyton (/wiki/Tareyton) Cigarettes, IBM (/wiki/IBM) , Pan Am (/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways) , Johnson & Johnson (/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson) and many other major companies. [11] (#cite_note-11) Jacobs’ editorial photographs were regularly published in magazines such as Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) , Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , McCall's (/wiki/McCall%27s) , and Eros (/wiki/Ralph_Ginzburg#Eros_Magazine) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Jacobs received over 50 Art Directors' Awards (/wiki/Art_Directors_Guild) for his advertising work during this time. [13] (#cite_note-nyt-obit-13) Jacobs is most well known however for his personal reportage photographs of New York City street scenes taken from the mid-1940s through early 1960s and for his intimate portraits of notable figures like Louis Armstrong (/wiki/Louis_Armstrong) , Gloria Swanson (/wiki/Gloria_Swanson) , Douglas Fairbanks Jr. (/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.) , Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) , Eartha Kitt (/wiki/Eartha_Kitt) , Robert F. Kennedy (/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy) , Sammy Davis Jr. (/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr.) , and Billie Holiday (/wiki/Billie_Holiday) . [13] (#cite_note-nyt-obit-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) The seminal Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) photography curator Edward Steichen (/wiki/Edward_Steichen) included Jacobs’ work in the groundbreaking photographic exhibition The Family of Man (/wiki/The_Family_of_Man) (January 24 – May 8, 1955) as well as in 70 Photographers Look at New York (November 27, 1957 – April 15, 1958). [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) John Swarkowski (/wiki/John_Szarkowski) thereafter acquired a number of Jacobs’ works for MoMA’s permanent photography collection. (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) [17] (#cite_note-17) Jacobs first solo exhibition was held in 1955 at Roy DeCarava (/wiki/Roy_DeCarava) 's A Photographer's Gallery (/wiki/A_Photographer%27s_Gallery) on the Upper West Side (/wiki/Upper_West_Side) of New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . According to New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) photography critic Jacob Deschin, the exhibition primarily focused on "close-up characterizations of people in varied situations of ordinary living" and noted that Jacobs added "a new element, represented in a group of vacation landscapes and seascapes that reveal a fresh, unsuspected side to this photographer's talents." [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Jacobs was one of ten photographers featured in Style in Photography in Photography Annual 1963 , edited by Bruce Downes. According to Deschin, "Jacobs' portfolio of poster-like effects in manipulated images of unrealistic color provides an excitingly novel example of a successful stylistic device." [20] (#cite_note-20) Jacobs went on to have solo exhibitions at The Limelight Gallery (1961, Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) ), [21] (#cite_note-21) The Walker Art Center (/wiki/Walker_Art_Center) (1963, Minneapolis (/wiki/Minneapolis) ), [22] (#cite_note-22) The Washington Irving Gallery (1978, New York City), [23] (#cite_note-23) The Oliver Wolcott Library (1990, Litchfield, Connecticut (/wiki/Litchfield,_Connecticut) ), [24] (#cite_note-24) The National Arts Club (/wiki/National_Arts_Club) (1990, New York City), [25] (#cite_note-25) The Hotchkiss School’s (/wiki/Hotchkiss_School) Tremaine Art Gallery (https://www.hotchkiss.org/arts/tremaine-art-gallery) (2006, Lakeville, Connecticut), [26] (#cite_note-26) and The Litchfield Historical Society (https://www.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org/) (2016, Litchfield, Connecticut). [27] (#cite_note-regcit-27) Jacobs' work was also included in the 2007 exhibition "Lisette Model and Her Successors” at the Aperture Gallery (/wiki/Aperture_Foundation) in New York. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) In 2006, Pointed Leaf Press (https://pointedleafpress.com/) published My New York , a monograph of Jacobs' New York City street photographs. [8] (#cite_note-lens-8) [30] (#cite_note-30) In 2019, one of Jacobs' iconic 1950s advertising photographs was included in the exhibition "Women on View: Aesthetics of Desire in Advertising" at Galerie 36 (https://www.chaussee36.photography/) in Berlin. [31] (#cite_note-31) A solo exhibition featuring almost 40 never-before-seen photographs that Jacobs made during a 1954 trip to Gaspésie, Canada opened at Musée de la Gaspésie (https://museedelagaspesie.ca/pages/raymond-jacobs-gaspesie-1954) in October 2019 and will remain on view through the end of 2021. [32] (#cite_note-32) Filmmaking [ edit ] In the 1960s, Jacobs branched into filmmaking. [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-waddle-34) He co-wrote and co-produced Aroused (1966), directed by Anton Holden. Jacobs directed, co-wrote, and co-produced his second film, The Minx (1969), which starred Jan Sterling (/wiki/Jan_Sterling) and featured an original soundtrack by The Cyrkle (/wiki/The_Cyrkle) . [35] (#cite_note-35) Both films were financially successful, but he left the business to concentrate on Earth Shoes (/wiki/Earth_shoe) . [34] (#cite_note-waddle-34) Earth Shoes [ edit ] In 1970, Jacobs and his wife Eleanor founded the Earth Shoe company to sell a negative heel shoe (the heel was lower than the toe) designed by Anna Kalsø they had discovered while traveling in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) the previous year. Officially opening on April 22, 1970, the first Earth Day (/wiki/Earth_Day) , the Jacobs' dubbed the footwear Earth Shoes (/wiki/Earth_shoe) . The shoes quickly became a popular countercultural symbol of the 1970s. The company expanded to 123 stores to sell the shoes, boots, and sandals, all with the negative heel design, across the United States, Canada, and Europe. [13] (#cite_note-nyt-obit-13) [34] (#cite_note-waddle-34) [36] (#cite_note-36) [9] (#cite_note-sun-9) By 1976 sales had grown to $14 million, [37] (#cite_note-37) but the company dissolved in 1977. [13] (#cite_note-nyt-obit-13) Later life [ edit ] After the Earth Shoe company closed, Jacobs relocated with his family to Litchfield, Connecticut and taught photography at Litchfield's Forman School (/wiki/Forman_School) . [27] (#cite_note-regcit-27) Jacobs died on March 17, 1993, in Torrington, Connecticut (/wiki/Torrington,_Connecticut) . [13] (#cite_note-nyt-obit-13) [38] (#cite_note-38) Personal life [ edit ] Jacobs married his wife Eleanor ("Ellie") in 1955. They had two daughters, Susan and Laura. [34] (#cite_note-waddle-34) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Chronology" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/chronology/) . The Estate of Raymond Jacobs . Retrieved January 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Service, New York Times News. "EARTH SHOE CO. FOUNDER RAYMOND JACOBS, 69" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-03-21-9303310201-story.html) . chicagotribune.com . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Celebrities" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/celebrities) . The Estate of . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Estate of" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/) . The Estate of . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Raymond Jacobs Biography" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/raymond-jacobs-biography) . The Estate of . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Sandomir, Richard (2020-09-05). "Eleanor Jacobs, 91, Dies; a Force Behind the Earth Shoe Phenomenon" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/05/fashion/eleanor-jacobs-dead.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Estate of" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/) . The Estate of . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Restaurant Curse of 63rd Street and the City Through a Lens" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/nyregion/thecity/the-restaurant-curse-of-63rd-street-and-the-city-through-a.html) . The New York Times . April 30, 2006. ^ Jump up to: a b c "All about why there aren't any heels". The Baltimore Sun . December 9, 1975. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Photographer Raymond Jacobs' work on view at Litchfield History Museum" (http://www.countytimes.com/entertainment/photographer-raymond-jacobs-work-on-view-at-litchfield-history-museum/article_ce79c7c4-d7ff-5f50-aaa2-0c2091ee657f.html) . The Litchfield County Times . April 28, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Raymond Jacobs" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/raymond-jacobs) . The Estate of Raymond Jacobs . Retrieved April 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Published Work" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/published-work) . The Estate of Raymond Jacobs . Retrieved April 20, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Raymond Jacobs, 69, Co-Founder Of Earth Shoe Company in 1970's" (https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/20/obituaries/raymond-jacobs-69-co-founder-of-earth-shoe-company-in-1970-s.html) . The New York Times . March 20, 1993. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Celebrities" (https://www.raymondjacobsphotography.com/#/celebrities/) . The Estate of Raymond Jacobs . Retrieved March 16, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Raymond Jacobs" (https://www.moma.org/artists/37679) . Museum of Modern Art . Retrieved January 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Raymond Jacobs | MoMA" (https://www.moma.org/artists/37679) . The Museum of Modern Art . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Raymond Jacobs | MoMA" (https://www.moma.org/artists/37679) . The Museum of Modern Art . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "CAMERA NOTES: Book on Fast Color Filter — Two New Shows" (https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1955/09/11/80779969.html) . The New York Times . September 11, 1955. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "TWO NEW SHOWS: Silver and Jacobs Have One-Man Exhibits" (https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1955/09/18/91365977.html) . The New York Times . September 18, 1955. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "STYLE IS THEME: Photography Annual Has 10 Portfolios" (https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/09/23/93836752.html) . The New York Times . September 23, 1962. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "CAMERA NEWS NOTES" (https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1961/06/04/118912749.html) . The New York Times . June 4, 1961. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Walker Will Show Photos by New Yorker". Star Tribune . July 7, 1963. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Arts and Leisure Guide" (https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/09/archives/arts-and-leisure-guide-of-special-interest-new-leads-documentaries.html) . The New York Times . April 9, 1978. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Exhibitions". Hartford Courant . February 1, 1990. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Show from 'Shoe'-man sure clicks". New York Daily News . April 20, 1990. ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Raymond Jacobs Retrospective at The Hotchkiss School Tremaine Gallery" (https://arttimesjournal.com/art/reviews/May_06_Tremaine_Gallery_R_J_Steiner/Raymond_Jacobs.htm) . Art Times . May 2006. ^ Jump up to: a b "Litchfield: Historical society hosts show of late photographer Raymond Jacobs, opening April 15" (https://www.registercitizen.com/arts/article/Litchfield-Historical-society-hosts-show-of-late-11985759.php) . The Register Citizen . March 30, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Art in Review" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/19/arts/design/19gall.html) . The New York Times . October 19, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Lisette Model and Her Successors" (https://aperture.org/exhibition/lisette-model-successors/) . Aperture . Retrieved March 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) My New York . Pointed Leaf Press. 2006. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0977787508 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Women on View: Aesthetics of Desire in Advertising" (http://galerie36berlin.com/womenonview/) . Galerie 36 . Retrieved March 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Raymond Jacobs - Gaspésie, 1954 - Exposition" (https://museedelagaspesie.ca/pages/raymond-jacobs-gaspesie-1954) . Musée de la Gaspésie . Retrieved 2021-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "A New Yorker, a Dane and a shoe horn in a monastery". The Boston Globe . December 17, 1972. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Shoes That Make You Waddle Like a Duck—And They Sell" (https://www.nytimes.com/1974/02/25/archives/shoes-that-make-you-waddle-like-a-duckand-they-sell.html) . The New York Times . February 25, 1974. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Screen: Espionage Girls" (https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1969/11/22/79437924.html) . The New York Times . November 22, 1969. ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Shoes With an Earthly Appearance". Newsday . September 9, 1974. ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Down At The Heels, But Fat In The Pocketbook". Forbes . November 15, 1976. ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Deaths" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1993/03/24/deaths/18e57222-bc87-42ce-be52-08b8655c7b1c/?noredirect=on) . The Washington Post . March 24, 1993. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/22152930958209672732) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjy7WRPGGr9KgYhbwxyxfy) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018078815) Artists Museum of Modern Art (https://www.moma.org/artists/37679) Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/304767) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐qpgdv Cached time: 20240711030550 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.533 seconds Real time usage: 0.705 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3066/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57081/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1124/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 139054/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.351/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6975221/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 656.198 1 -total 39.31% 257.944 1 Template:Reflist 30.47% 199.971 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.80% 136.513 15 Template:Cite_web 13.60% 89.263 1 Template:Authority_control 12.99% 85.246 1 Template:Short_description 12.53% 82.238 22 Template:Cite_news 7.12% 46.752 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.79% 44.586 16 Template:Main_other 6.24% 40.939 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59973992-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711030550 and revision id 1233828503. 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Full-circle halo-shaped hat from 1941, showing off the fashion for curls and more bouffant hair A halo hat (sometimes halo brim hat ) is a millinery design in which the headgear acts as a circular frame for the face, creating a halo effect. The design is said to date back to the late 19th century, when it was known as the aureole hat ; this name is sometimes still used. [1] (#cite_note-Hatatorium_Grantland-1) It may also be known as the angel hat or bambini – the latter said to derive from Italian for terracotta plaques depicting the infant Christ. [2] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-2) A halo hat may be a wide range of sizes – some lying close to the head in the style of a bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) or cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) and others that are similar in dimensions to a picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) or cartwheel hat (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) . Typically, designs are worn towards the back of the head to create the 'halo' effect. [3] (#cite_note-A_Dictionary_of_Costume_Brooks_Picken-3) Some designs with open crowns may also be referred to as halo hats or as diadems. [4] (#cite_note-Hatatorium_Grantland-P76-4) Popular from the 1930s on, the halo hat was created in a variety of fabrics – knitted or crocheted versions could be made at home – and could be a circle or semi-circle in shape. The halo became popular with brides; one of the most famous examples is the blue straw half-circle halo created for the wedding of Wallis Simpson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Wallis_Warfield) by the Parisian millinery house of Caroline Reboux (/wiki/Caroline_Reboux) . 1894 portrait of Julie Manet (/wiki/Julie_Manet) showing an aureole-effect hat framing her face History [ edit ] The halo hat is said to have first come into fashion the late 1880s, when it was usually known as an aureole hat (a synonym for halo), and this was a name that continued to be used to describe the circular or semi-circular shape into the 1930s. [2] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-2) The Milwaukee Sentinel (/wiki/Milwaukee_Sentinel) used the term to describe a new hat style in 1937. [5] (#cite_note-Milwaukee_Sentinel_Aureole-5) Similarly, describing the outfits worn by racegoers at a Sandown Park (/wiki/Sandown_Park) meet in 1937, The Times (/wiki/The_Times) referred to an: "aureole-brimmed" hat design. [6] (#cite_note-The_Times-6) Semicircular halo hat worn in 1940 at an Australian race meeting; this design includes a band to hold the hair in place 1930s popularity [ edit ] The halo shape became popular again from the start of the 1930s in both the United States and Europe. It was a distinct move away from the cloche style that was worn low over the brow, as the halo exposed the face and brow, also showing off more elaborate curled hairstyles becoming popular during this era. [7] (#cite_note-VFG_History_of_hats_for_women-7) Australian bride wearing a large halo-effect hat, 1941 "Halo hats are so new" declared an advert in a US newspaper in 1931. [8] (#cite_note-Spokane_advert-8) A 1934 Sears catalogue (/wiki/Sears) featured a halo hat design as part of its Loretta Young (/wiki/Loretta_Young) collection, adding: "Take advantage of Loretta Young's fashion judgement and wear this new off-the-face hat! It's different ...There's something of the angel's halo and something of the bucaneer's bravado in its dramatic, folded-back brim". [2] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-2) [9] (#cite_note-9) In 1933 The Times reviewed the Christmas catalogues, saying: "the new season millinery, with its leading novelty, the 'halo' hat, is specially interesting". [10] (#cite_note-The_Times_46612-10) The following year, the Duchess of York (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother) was described as wearing a velvet (/wiki/Velvet) halo hat to attend a charity matinee with Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) . [11] (#cite_note-The_Times_46666-11) Three years later, Wallis Simpson would wear an iconic gown and halo bridal headpiece, made by Caroline Reboux's studio in Paris and trimmed with pink and blue feathers. [12] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Sebba-12) [13] (#cite_note-Wallis_Simpson_wedding_dress_Clegg-13) Wedding half-circle halo in 1954 Marlene Dietrich (/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich) wore a discreet halo-brimmed fur hat in No Highway , 1951 Design variations [ edit ] The halo was a flexible design. While it could create a large frame around the face – as with the circular straw design that featured on the Picture Post (/wiki/Picture_Post) in 1940 – it could also have more modest proportions. [2] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-2) Like the draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) , the halo style lent itself to adaptations – feathers, bows, trims or flowers could be added – making it a versatile hat style. [14] (#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Press_jewel_halo-14) It could also be made at home; a variety of patterns were created during the 1940s to inspire knitters and sewers. [15] (#cite_note-AWW-15) Larger versions suited the post-war New Look (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.#The_.22New_Look.22) designs, balancing the proportions of the full skirts that were fashionable after wartime (/wiki/World_War_II) austerity. [2] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-2) The halo-style hat became popular for wedding outfits – future First Lady (/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) of the United States Betty Ford (/wiki/Betty_Ford) wore a large-brimmed halo wedding hat in 1938 – and half halos would become a staple design for more traditional wedding headpieces, remaining popular in bridal designs. [2] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-2) Revivals [ edit ] In the mid 1960s, British Pathé (/wiki/British_Path%C3%A9) 's 1964 film Hats on for Winter featured a large-scale halo design with sunburst pattern, alongside visors and caps. Designers such as Graham Smith (/wiki/Graham_Smith_(milliner)) created oversized examples during the late 1980s. [16] (#cite_note-The_Times_63083-16) Among the most memorable modern halo-shaped hats are the design created by Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) for influential fashion editor Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) , and the wheatsheaf halo-effect headpiece he designed for the wedding of Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales,_and_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) to Prince Charles. [17] (#cite_note-V&A_film_about_wheatsheaf_hat-17) See also [ edit ] Bumper brim (/wiki/Bumper_brim) Cartwheel hat (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Half hat (/wiki/Half_hat) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Hatatorium_Grantland_1-0) Grantland, Brenda; Robak, Mary (2011). Hatatorium: An essential guide for hat collectors (1st ed.). Mill Valley, CA: Brenda Grantland. p. 66. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780984785902 . Retrieved 14 November 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Chico, Beverly (2013). Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO LLC. pp. 211–12. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610690621 . Retrieved 13 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-A_Dictionary_of_Costume_Brooks_Picken_3-0) Brooks Picken, Mary (1999). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern (1999 ed.). United States: Dover Publications. p. 164 (https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcost0000pick/page/164) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486402940 . Retrieved 27 October 2014 . millinery + halo hat. ^ (#cite_ref-Hatatorium_Grantland-P76_4-0) Grantland, Brenda; Robak, Mary (2011). Hatatorium: An essential guide for hat collectors (1st ed.). Mill Valley, CA: Brenda Grantland. p. 76. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780984785902 . Retrieved 4 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Milwaukee_Sentinel_Aureole_5-0) "Hat forms an aureole" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19370514&id=rEZQAAAAIBAJ&pg=6565,2847503) . The Milwaukee Sentinel. 14 May 1937 . Retrieved 13 November 2014 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_6-0) "Racing from Sandown Park: dresses at the Eclipse Meeting". The Times . No. 47739. 17 July 1937. ^ (#cite_ref-VFG_History_of_hats_for_women_7-0) "History of hats for women" (http://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/the-history-of-womens-hats/) . Vintage Fashion Guild. 19 March 2012 . Retrieved 13 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Spokane_advert_8-0) "Halo hats are so new (advert)" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19310217&id=lM1XAAAAIBAJ&pg=1379,3107926) . Spokane Daily Publisher. 17 February 1931 . Retrieved 13 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Blum, Stella (1986). Everyday Fashions of the Thirties as Pictured in Sears Catalogs . Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 65. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 048625108X . Retrieved 13 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_46612_10-0) "New Fashions in Millinery: The "Halo" Hat". The Times . No. 46612. 27 November 1933. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_46666_11-0) "The Duchess of York and Princess Elizabeth: Visit to charity matinee". The Times . No. 46666. 31 January 1934. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Sebba_12-0) Sebba, Anna; Fox, Imogen (2 September 2011). "Wallis Simpson used fashion as a weapon" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2011/sep/02/wallis-simpson-fashion) . The Guardian . Retrieved 16 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Wallis_Simpson_wedding_dress_Clegg_13-0) Clegg, Melanie (3 June 2013). "Wallis Simpson's wedding dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141124154532/http://madameguillotine.org.uk/2013/06/03/this-weeks-dress-wallis-simpsons-wedding-dress/) . Madame Guilllotine. Archived from the original (http://madameguillotine.org.uk/2013/06/03/this-weeks-dress-wallis-simpsons-wedding-dress/) on 24 November 2014 . Retrieved 14 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pittsburgh_Press_jewel_halo_14-0) "Bonnet brim hat with jewel halo! (advert)" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19460228&id=xlcbAAAAIBAJ&pg=1758,2108805) . The Pittsburgh Press. 28 February 1946 . Retrieved 15 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-AWW_15-0) "You Knit it! New Yorker two-way halo" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47502383) . The Australian Women's Weekly. 15 June 1946 . Retrieved 14 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_63083_16-0) Smith, Liz (17 May 1988). "Brimful". The Times . No. 63083. ^ (#cite_ref-V&A_film_about_wheatsheaf_hat_17-0) "Wedding Dresses 1775-2014: Philip Treacy" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/exhibitions/wedding-dress-1775-2014/phillip-treacy/) . vam.ac.uk . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 14 November 2014 . External links [ edit ] Halo-shape bonnet from 1903, from Brooklyn Museum costume collection and now Metropolitan Museum of Art collection (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/156284?rpp=30&pg=1&ft=halo+hat&pos=1) Halo beret crochet pattern from 1934 (http://www.todaystreasure.net/product/halo-beret-crochet-hat-pattern-vintage-1930s-angel-face) Life magazine 4 March 1940, large halo hat or 'spring sailor' (https://books.google.com/books?id=pT8EAAAAMBAJ) British Pathé film (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/hats-on-for-winter/query/halo+hat) Hats on for Winter , 1965 (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/hats-on-for-winter/query/halo+hat) Hatatorium Gallery, halo hat (http://www.hatatorium.com/gallery/index.php/Hatalog?page=7) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) 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Common materials used for clothing in West Africa and Central Africa This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( November 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) African waxprints, West Africa Waxprints sold in a shop in West Africa Lady selling colourful waxprint fabrics in Togo "Afrika im Gewand - Textile Kreationen in bunter Vielfalt", African Textiles Exhibition Museum der Völker 2016 African wax prints , Dutch wax prints [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) or Ankara , [3] (#cite_note-3) are a type of common material for clothing in West Africa (/wiki/West_Africa) and Central Africa (/wiki/Central_Africa) . They were introduced to West and Central Africans by Dutch merchants during the 19th century, who took inspiration from native Indonesian designs. [4] (#cite_note-4) They began to adapt their designs and colours to suit the tastes of the African market. They are industrially produced colourful cotton cloths with batik (/wiki/Batik) -inspired printing. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerlich20041-5) One feature of these materials is the lack of difference in the colour intensity of the front and back sides. The wax fabric can be sorted into categories of quality due to the processes of manufacturing. The term "Ankara" originates from the Hausa (/wiki/Hausa_people) name for Accra (/wiki/Accra) , the capital of what is now Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) . Initially used by Nigerian Hausa tradesmen, it was meant to refer to "Accra," which served as a hub for African prints in the 19th century. [6] (#cite_note-6) Normally, the fabrics are sold in lengths of 12 yards (11 m) as "full piece" or 6 yards (5.5 m) as "half piece". The colours comply with local preferences of the customers. Typically, clothing for celebrations is made from this fabric. Wax prints are a type of nonverbal communication among African women, and thereby carry their messages out into the world. [ citation needed ] Some wax prints are named after personalities, cities, buildings, sayings, or occasions. The producer, name of the product, and registration number of the design is printed on the selvage, thus protecting the design and attesting to the quality of the fabric. Wax fabrics constitute capital goods for African women. They are therefore often retained based on their perceived market value. In Sub-Saharan Africa these textiles had an annual sales volume in 2016 of 2.1 billion yards, with an average production cost of $2.6 billion and retail value of $4 billion. [7] (#cite_note-7) Ghana has an annual consumption of textiles of about 130 million yards (120 million metres). The three largest local manufacturers, Akosombo Textiles Limited (ATL), Ghana Textiles Print (GTP), and Printex, produce 30 million yards, while 100 million yards come from inexpensive smuggled Asian imports. [8] (#cite_note-8) The Vlisco (/wiki/Vlisco) Group, owner of the Vlisco, Uniwax, Woodin, and GTP brands, produced 58.8 million yards (53.8 million meters) of fabric in 2011. Net sales were €225 million, or $291.65 million. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2014, Vlisco's 70 million yards of fabric (about 64 million meters) were produced in the Netherlands, yielding a turnover of €300 million. [10] (#cite_note-10) African print brothers African print couple love History [ edit ] The process to make wax print is originally influenced by batik (/wiki/Batik) , an Indonesian (/wiki/Indonesia) ( Javanese (/wiki/Java) ) method of dyeing cloth by using wax-resist techniques. For batik, wax is melted and then patterned across the blank cloth. From there, the cloth is soaked in dye, which is prevented from covering the entire cloth by the wax. If additional colours are required, the wax-and-soak process is repeated with new patterns. During the Dutch colonization of Indonesia (/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies) , Dutch merchants and administrators became familiar with the batik technique. Thanks to this contact, the owners of textile factories in the Netherlands, such as Jean Baptiste Theodore Prévinaire (/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Theodore_Pr%C3%A9vinaire&action=edit&redlink=1) [11] (#cite_note-kroese-11) : 16 and Pieter Fentener van Vlissingen (/wiki/Fentener_van_Vlissingen) , [12] (#cite_note-vlisco-12) received examples of batik textiles by the 1850s if not before, and started developing machine printing processes which could imitate batik. They hoped that these much cheaper machine-made imitations could outcompete the original batiks in the Indonesian market, effecting the look of batik without all the labor-intensive work required to make the real thing. Prévinaire's attempt, part of a broader movement of industrial textile innovation in Haarlem (/wiki/Haarlem#Cotton_mills) , was the most successful. By 1854 [11] (#cite_note-kroese-11) : 16–17 he had modified a Perrotine (/wiki/Perrotine_printing) , the mechanical block-printing machine invented in 1834 by Louis-Jérôme Perrot, to instead apply a resin to both sides of the cloth. [13] (#cite_note-lagamma-13) : 20 This mechanically applied resin took the place of the wax in the batik process. Another method, used by several factories including Prévinaire's [11] (#cite_note-kroese-11) : 18, 20 and van Vlissingen's, [12] (#cite_note-vlisco-12) used the roller printing (/wiki/Roller_printing_on_textiles) technology invented in Scotland in the 1780s. Unfortunately for the Dutch, these imitation wax-resist fabrics did not successfully penetrate the batik market. Among other obstacles, the imitations lacked the distinctive wax smell of the batik fabric. [11] (#cite_note-kroese-11) : 17–18 Starting in the 1880s, [12] (#cite_note-vlisco-12) [11] (#cite_note-kroese-11) : 47, 50 they did, however, experience a strong reception in West Africa when Dutch and Scottish trading vessels began introducing the fabrics in those ports. Initial demand may have been driven by the taste for batik developed by the Belanda Hitam (/wiki/Belanda_Hitam) , West Africans recruited between 1831 and 1872 from the Dutch Gold Coast (/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast) to serve in the Dutch colonializing army in Indonesia (/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_East_Indies_Army) . Many members of the Belanda Hitam retired to Elmina (/wiki/Elmina) , in modern Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) , where they may have provided an early market for Dutch imitation batik. [11] (#cite_note-kroese-11) : 41–46 The success of the trade in West Africa prompted other manufacturers, including Scottish, English, and Swiss manufacturers, to enter the market. The Dutch wax prints quickly integrated themselves into African apparel, sometimes under names such as "Veritable Dutch Hollandais", and "Wax Hollandais". Women used the fabrics as a method of communication and expression, with certain patterns being used as a shared language, with widely understood meanings. Many patterns began receiving catchy names. Over time, the prints became more African-inspired, and African-owned by the mid-20th century. They also began to be used as formal wear by leaders, diplomats, and the wealthy population. Wax-print cloth production [ edit ] Prévinaire's method for the production of imitation batik cloth proceeds as follows. A block-printing machine applies resin to both sides of the fabric. It is then submerged into the dye, in order to allow the dye to repel the resin covered parts of the fabric. This process is repeated, to build up a coloured design on the fabric. Multiple wooden stamp blocks would be needed for each colour within the design. The cloth is then boiled to remove the resin which is usually reused. [14] (#cite_note-gillow-14) Sometimes the resin on the cloth can be crinkled in order to form cracks or lines that are known as "crackles". The English- and Dutch-produced fabrics tended to have more cracking in the resin than those produced in Switzerland. [14] (#cite_note-gillow-14) Due to the lengthy stages of its production, wax prints are more expensive to make than other commercial printed fabrics but their finished designs are clear on both sides and have distinct colour combinations. [13] (#cite_note-lagamma-13) : 15 Wax-print manufacturers [ edit ] After a merger in 1875, the company founded by Prévinaire became Haarlemsche Katoenmaatschappij (Haarlem Cotton Company). The Haarlemsche Katoenmaatschappij went bankrupt during the First World War, and its copper roller printing cylinders were bought by van Vlissingen's company. [11] (#cite_note-kroese-11) : 20–21, 59 In 1927, van Vlissingen's company rebranded as Vlisco (/wiki/Vlisco) . Before the 1960s most of the African wax fabric sold in West and Central Africa was manufactured in Europe. Today, Africa is home to the production of high quality wax prints. [15] (#cite_note-magie-15) Manufacturers across Africa include ABC Wax, Woodin, Uniwax, Akosombo Textiles Limited (ATL), and GTP (Ghana Textiles Printing Company), the latter three being part a part of the Vlisco Group. [16] (#cite_note-16) These companies have helped reduce the prices of African wax prints in the continent when compared to European imports. African fancy print [ edit ] The costly produced wax fabrics are increasingly imitated by alternative ways of manufacturing. The so-called "fancy fabrics" are produced in a printing procedure. Costly designs are printed digitally. Fancy fabrics in general are cheap, industrially produced imitations of the wax prints and are based on industry print. Fancy fabrics are also called imiwax, Java print, roller print, le fancy or le légos. These fabrics are produced for mass consumption and stand for ephemerality and caducity. Fancy Fabrics are more intense and rich in colours than wax prints and are printed on only one side. As for wax prints, producer, product name and registration number of the design are printed on the selvage. Even the fancy fabrics vary with a certain fashion. The fabrics are limited to amount and design and are sometimes exclusively sold in own shops. At first the fancy prints were made with engraved metal rollers but more recently they are produced using rotary screen-printing process. [15] (#cite_note-magie-15) The production of these imitation wax-print fabrics, allow those who cannot afford the European imported wax prints to be able to purchase them. The fancy print designs often mimic or copy the designs of existing wax print designs but as they are cheaper to make, manufacturers tend to take risks and experiment with new designs. [15] (#cite_note-magie-15) See also [ edit ] Wrapper (clothing) (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Shweshwe (/wiki/Shweshwe) Kitenge (/wiki/Kitenge) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sylvanus, Nina (29 August 2016). "West Africans ditch Dutch wax prints for Chinese 'real-fakes' (https://theconversation.com/west-africans-ditch-dutch-wax-prints-for-chinese-real-fakes-59846) " (https://theconversation.com/west-africans-ditch-dutch-wax-prints-for-chinese-real-fakes-59846) . The Conversation . Retrieved 19 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Jones, Jonathan (16 September 2021). " (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/sep/16/fun-royal-academy-summer-exhibition-review-yinka-shonibare) 'This has never been so much fun!': Royal Academy Summer Exhibition review" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/sep/16/fun-royal-academy-summer-exhibition-review-yinka-shonibare) . The Guardian . Retrieved 19 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "900+ Ankara ideas in 2022 | african clothing, african fashion dresses, african dress" (https://www.pinterest.com/atinukecole/ankara/) . Pinterest . Retrieved 9 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "A PIECE OF HISTORY- THE AKWETE FABRIC" (https://guardian.ng/life/culture-lifestyle/a-piece-of-history-the-akwete-fabric/) . Guardian . Nigeria. 5 December 2016 . Retrieved 5 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerlich20041_5-0) Gerlich 2004 (#CITEREFGerlich2004) , p. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Things To Consider Before Buying African Ankara Print Fabrics, Clothing, Headwraps and more , Afrothreads , retrieved 21 December 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Aibueku, Uyi (16 February 2016). "In textile industry, a hidden goldmine" (https://guardian.ng/features/youthspeak/in-textile-industry-a-hidden-goldmine/) . The Guardian . Nigeria . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Textile industry needs attention to boost local manufacturing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170919055925/https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/september-19th/textile-industry-needs-attention-to-boost-local-manufacturing.php) . My Joy Online . 19 September 2017. Archived from the original (https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/september-19th/textile-industry-needs-attention-to-boost-local-manufacturing.php/) on 19 September 2017 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Young, Robb (15 November 2012). "Africa's Fabric Is Dutch" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/15/fashion/15iht-ffabric15.html/) . The New York Times . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Wax prints, like Vlisco, are still making believe that they are African" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190507122606/https://yen.com.gh/86744-wax-prints-vlisco-making-african.html#86744/) . Yen.com.gh (/wiki/Yen.com.gh) . Archived from the original (https://yen.com.gh/86744-wax-prints-vlisco-making-african.html#86744/) on 7 May 2019 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Kroese, W.T. (1976). The origin of the Wax Block Prints on the Coast of West Africa . Hengelo: Smit. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9062895018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Founding of Vlisco" (https://www.vlisco.com/heritage/the-founding-of-vlisco/) . Vlisco . Retrieved 25 September 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b LaGamma, Alisa (2009). The Essential Art of African Textiles: Design Without End . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ^ Jump up to: a b Gillow, John (2009). Printed and Dyed textiles from Africa . London: The British Museum Press. p. 18. ^ Jump up to: a b c Magie, Relph; Irwin, Robert (2010). African wax print: a textile journey . Meltham: Words and Pixels for the African Fabric Shop. p. 32. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780956698209 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 751824945 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751824945) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "About GTP - GTP Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210729142721/https://gtpfashion.com/about-gtp/) . GTP Fashion . Archived from the original (http://gtpfashion.com/about-gtp/) on 29 July 2021 . Retrieved 25 September 2017 . Literature [ edit ] Gerlich, G. (2004). Waxprints im soziokulturellen Kontext Ghanas. Arbeitspapier Nr. 54 (PDF) . Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien. Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Archived from the original (http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/workingpapers/AP54nurtext.pdf) (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Gillow, J. (2003). African textiles. Colour and creativity across a continent . London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. Joseph, M. L.: Introductory Textile Science. 2. Aufl. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972. Luttmann, I. (2005). "Die Produktion von Mode: Stile und Bedeutungen". In Luttmann, Ilsemargret (ed.). Mode in Afrika. Mode als Mittel der Selbstinszenierung und Ausdruck der Moderne . Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg. pp. 33–42. Picton, J. (1995). "Technology, tradition and lurex: The art of textiles in Africa". In Picton, John (ed.). The art of African textiles. Technology, tradition and lurex . London: Lund Humphries Publishers. pp. 9–32, 132. Rabine, Lesley W. (1 November 2002). The global circulation of African fashion . Oxford: Berg. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85973-598-5 . Schädler, Karl F. (1997). Afrikanische Kunst. Von der Frühzeit bis heute [ African Art. From the early days until today ] (in German). Munich: Wilhelm Heyne Verlag. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783453130456 . Sarlay, A., Jurkowitsch, S.: "Entdecken der Vorarlberger Stickereien in Westafrika", Wirtschaftskammer Vorarlberg, 2009. Sarlay, A.; Jurkowitsch, S. "An analysis of the current denotation and role of Wax & Fancy fabrics in the world of African textiles". International Journal of Management Cases . 1/2010 (22): 28–48. Storey, J. (1974). Manual of Textile Printing . New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. Koné, F. B. (2000). "Das Färben von Stoffen in Bamako". In Gardi, Bernhard (ed.). Boubou c´est chic. Gewänder aus Mali und anderen Ländern Westafrikas. Museum der Kulturen Basel (in German). Basel: Christoph Merian Verlag. pp. 164–171. Wikimedia Commons has media related to African waxprints . 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Fashion garnent American rapper Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) wore a couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fuchsia Versace (/wiki/Versace) suit with a pink harness to the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/62nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) on January 26, 2020, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) during which he accepted his awards for Best Music Video (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video) and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Duo/Group_Performance) for "Old Town Road (Remix)." (/wiki/Old_Town_Road) [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2022, Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) suggested that Lil Nas X was one of the earliest celebrity adopters of the monochromatic pink Barbiecore (/wiki/Barbiecore) trend. [3] (#cite_note-3) Some critics have suggested that this outfit was the beginning of Lil Nas X's style pivot to an embrace of queer fashion (/wiki/Queer_fashion) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Background and design [ edit ] Throughout 2019 and early 2020, Lil Nas X embraced a country-western aesthetic for his red carpet appearances and live shows. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Prior to the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards, Lil Nas X's stylist, Hodo Musa (/w/index.php?title=Hodo_Musa&action=edit&redlink=1) , told the Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) that this would be his final outfit that would reference this aesthetic. [6] (#cite_note-6) She selected Versace because she found their work with hip-hop artists in the 1990s to be inspiring. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Lil Nas X told CR Men that the outfit was "trying to deviate from the norm that most guys wear—suit, tie." [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) He liked that the outfit could be "a talking point" and saw it as an opportunity to "get more in tune with [his] flamboyant side." [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) The outfit consisted of a matching bright pink and gold-studded cropped leather jacket and high-waisted trousers. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The top underneath his jacket was black mesh [8] (#cite_note-8) and he also wore a bondage (/wiki/Bondage_(BDSM)) harness [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) which stylist Shannon Stokes noted was likely an allusion to the 1992 Versace dominatrix collection [9] (#cite_note-9) and which GQ compared to Donatella Versace's (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) bondage dress. [10] (#cite_note-10) He also wore a pink studded cowboy hat and boots, as well as silk scarves on his wrists. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) His clothes were patterned with the Versace Medusa (/wiki/Medusa) icon, and his jewelry was a mixture of Versace and John Hardy (/wiki/John_Hardy_(jewelry)) . [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Overall, the outfit took over 700 hours to complete. [11] (#cite_note-11) Reception [ edit ] The outfit was generally well received by critics. The Los Angeles Times said that Lil Nas X "electrified the celebrity walk." [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Paper Magazine called the look "undeniably fresh, totally him, and the kind of garment [they] want to stay talking about." Reception from outside the critical community also trended positive, [12] (#cite_note-12) with detractors primarily expressing homophobic sentiments as the reason they disliked the outfit. [13] (#cite_note-13) Bondage gear would become a menswear trend in high fashion in Autumn/Winter 2020. [14] (#cite_note-14) Lil Nas X's pink Versace suit has been ranked among his best outfits by numerous publications. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) LGBT portal (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) Queer fashion (/wiki/Queer_fashion) Satan Shoes (/wiki/Satan_Shoes) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Allaire, Christian (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X Brings Bright Pink Bondage to the Grammys Red Carpet" (https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/lil-nas-x-grammys-red-carpet-versace-cowboy-look) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315141305/https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/lil-nas-x-grammys-red-carpet-versace-cowboy-look) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) McIntyre, Hugh. "Grammys 2022: Lil Nas X Might Tie Michael Jackson And Kendrick Lamar With Another Win" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2022/02/27/grammys-2022-lil-nas-x-might-tie-michael-jackson-and-kendrick-lamar-with-another-win/) . Forbes . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2022/02/27/grammys-2022-lil-nas-x-might-tie-michael-jackson-and-kendrick-lamar-with-another-win/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Muhammad, Latifah (October 4, 2022). "Lil Nas X Breaks Barriers in Coach's 'Courage to Be Real' Campaign: Watch" (https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/lil-nas-x-coach-campaign-1235149527/) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/lil-nas-x-coach-campaign-1235149527/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lil Nas X's Style Evolution Is Full Of Personal Growth & Also Sequins" (https://www.elitedaily.com/style/lil-nas-x-style-evolution) . Elite Daily . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.elitedaily.com/style/lil-nas-x-style-evolution) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Tran, Khanh T. L. (January 27, 2020). "2020 Grammys: Lil Nas X turns heads in a hot-pink Versace outfit on the red carpet" (https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-26/la-ig-grammys-lil-nas-x-versace-red-carpet) . Los Angeles Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315141318/https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-26/la-ig-grammys-lil-nas-x-versace-red-carpet) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Tran, Khanh T. L. (January 23, 2020). "The Grammys may be our last time to see Lil Nas X in full cowboy gear: His stylist clues us in" (https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-23/lil-nas-x-stylist-grammys-fashion) . Los Angeles Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-23/lil-nas-x-stylist-grammys-fashion) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Flanagan, Hanna (October 1, 2020). "Lil Nas X Gives an Update on His Dating Life: 'I'm Going to Try to Go Steady' (https://people.com/style/lil-nas-x-fronts-new-cr-men-cover/) " (https://people.com/style/lil-nas-x-fronts-new-cr-men-cover/) . People . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315161142/https://people.com/style/lil-nas-x-fronts-new-cr-men-cover/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gracie, Bianca (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X Is an Edgy Cowboy in Studded Hot Pink Outfit at 2020 Grammys: See Pic" (https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/lil-nas-x-2020-grammys-pink-outfit-photo-8549134/) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315175637/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/lil-nas-x-2020-grammys-pink-outfit-photo-8549134/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Katz, Evan Ross (January 27, 2020). "Here's Who Didn't Bore Us on the Grammys Red Carpet" (https://www.papermag.com/grammys-red-carpet-wear-me-out-2644929510.html) . Paper Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315173724/https://www.papermag.com/grammys-red-carpet-wear-me-out-2644929510.html) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Maoui, Zak (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X, Diplo and Orville Peck channelled the best trend at the Grammys 2020" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/grammys-2020-lil-nas-x-diplo-orville-peck-western-trend) . British GQ . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315175638/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/grammys-2020-lil-nas-x-diplo-orville-peck-western-trend) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Tracer, Dan (28 January 2020). "WATCH: Lil Nas X's pink leather harness look took 700 hours to make" (https://www.queerty.com/watch-lil-nas-xs-pink-leather-harness-look-took-700-hours-make-20200128) . Queerty . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315175642/https://www.queerty.com/watch-lil-nas-xs-pink-leather-harness-look-took-700-hours-make-20200128) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Parsons, Vic (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X wins big at the Grammys in all-pink Versace 'cowboy dominatrix' outfit" (https://www.thepinknews.com/2020/01/27/lil-nas-x-grammys-pink-versace-cowboy-dominatrix-tyler-the-creator/) . PinkNews . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315193852/https://www.thepinknews.com/2020/01/27/lil-nas-x-grammys-pink-versace-cowboy-dominatrix-tyler-the-creator/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Sarkisian, Jacob. "Lil Nas X had the best response to a homophobic rant from rapper Pastor Troy" (https://www.insider.com/lil-nas-x-best-response-homophobic-rant-rapper-pastor-troy-2020-1) . Insider . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230424204317/https://www.insider.com/lil-nas-x-best-response-homophobic-rant-rapper-pastor-troy-2020-1) from the original on April 24, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Elan, Priya (January 27, 2020). "Back in the saddle: what the harness on the red carpet means" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/jan/27/back-in-the-saddle-what-the-harness-on-the-red-carpet-means) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315195620/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/jan/27/back-in-the-saddle-what-the-harness-on-the-red-carpet-means) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Lil Nas X's Style Evolution Is a Masterclass in Bright and Bold Fashion" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1343068/lil-nas-xs-style-evolution-is-a-masterclass-in-bright-and-bold-fashion) . E! Online . 2022-08-26. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329134907/https://www.eonline.com/news/1343068/lil-nas-xs-style-evolution-is-a-masterclass-in-bright-and-bold-fashion) from the original on 2023-03-29 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Relive the Best Lil Nas X Looks, Including All of the Embellished Western Wear You Can Handle" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/g30288403/lil-nas-x-style/) . ELLE . 2022-08-28. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329134907/https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/g30288403/lil-nas-x-style/) from the original on 2023-03-29 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "BET Awards 2021: Lil Nas X's Best Style Moments" (https://www.bet.com/article/zaza7p/bet-awards-2021-rewind-lil-nas-x-s-best-looks) . BET . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329152922/https://www.bet.com/article/zaza7p/bet-awards-2021-rewind-lil-nas-x-s-best-looks) from the original on 2023-03-29 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . v t e Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) Discography (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X_discography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Lil_Nas_X) Studio albums Montero (/wiki/Montero_(album)) (2021) Extended plays 7 (/wiki/7_(Lil_Nas_X_EP)) (2019) Singles " Old Town Road (/wiki/Old_Town_Road) " " Panini (/wiki/Panini_(song)) " " Rodeo (/wiki/Rodeo_(Lil_Nas_X_and_Cardi_B_song)) " " Holiday (/wiki/Holiday_(Lil_Nas_X_song)) " " Montero (Call Me by Your Name) (/wiki/Montero_(Call_Me_by_Your_Name)) " " Sun Goes Down (/wiki/Sun_Goes_Down_(Lil_Nas_X_song)) " " Industry Baby (/wiki/Industry_Baby) " " Thats What I Want (/wiki/Thats_What_I_Want) " " Lost in the Citadel (/wiki/Lost_in_the_Citadel) " " Late to da Party (/wiki/Late_to_da_Party) " " Star Walkin' (/wiki/Star_Walkin%27) " " J Christ (/wiki/J_Christ) " Featured singles " He Knows (/wiki/He_Knows) " Other songs " F9mily (You & Me) (/wiki/F9mily_(You_%26_Me)) " " C7osure (You Like) (/wiki/C7osure_(You_Like)) " Tours Long Live Montero Tour (/wiki/Long_Live_Montero_Tour) Fashion Satan Shoes (/wiki/Satan_Shoes) Pink Versace suit and harness Film Lil Nas X: Long Live Montero (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X:_Long_Live_Montero) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐smnrr Cached time: 20240716063204 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.312 seconds Real time usage: 0.392 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1379/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51369/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1476/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 78221/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.214/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5409894/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 354.571 1 -total 47.50% 168.412 1 Template:Reflist 36.94% 130.994 14 Template:Cite_web 25.00% 88.635 1 Template:Lil_Nas_X 24.24% 85.962 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 18.07% 64.079 1 Template:Short_description 10.26% 36.378 2 Template:Pagetype 6.98% 24.760 1 Template:Portal 4.83% 17.123 3 Template:Main_other 4.30% 15.246 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73298922-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716063204 and revision id 1224817282. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pink_Versace_suit_and_harness_of_Lil_Nas_X&oldid=1224817282 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pink_Versace_suit_and_harness_of_Lil_Nas_X&oldid=1224817282) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2020 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2020_in_fashion) Individual suits (/wiki/Category:Individual_suits) Lil Nas X (/wiki/Category:Lil_Nas_X) Versace (/wiki/Category:Versace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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(Redirected from List of Lucky magazine cover models (/w/index.php?title=List_of_Lucky_magazine_cover_models&redirect=no) ) Lucky Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) covering the November 2008 issue Editor Eva Chen Categories Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Frequency Quarterly Publisher Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) Total circulation (December 2012) 1,109,835 [1] (#cite_note-1) Founded 2000 Final issue June 2015 Company Advance Publications (/wiki/Advance_Publications) Country United States Language English Website www (http://www.luckymag.com) .luckymag (http://www.luckymag.com) .com (http://www.luckymag.com) ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1531-4294 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1531-4294) Lucky was a fashion and lifestyle magazine (/wiki/Lifestyle_magazine) founded by Kim France (/wiki/Kim_France) and first published in 2000 [2] (#cite_note-2) under the Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) subsidiary. [3] (#cite_note-Lucky_Fact_Sheet-3) The magazine folded in June 2015. Operations and history [ edit ] Since its launch in December 2000, [4] (#cite_note-adw-4) Lucky was one of Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) 's biggest publications, with circulation rising from 500,000 to over 1.1 million. [5] (#cite_note-5) Kim France (/wiki/Kim_France) founded Lucky and was its first editor-in-chief (/wiki/Editor-in-chief) , a position she held for almost ten years. Brandon Holley (/w/index.php?title=Brandon_Holley&action=edit&redlink=1) replaced France as editor-in-chief in 2010. [6] (#cite_note-6) In June 2013, Eva Chen (/wiki/Eva_Chen_(editor)) replaced Holley as EIC of Lucky after a source revealed that "while Holley was digitally savvy, she lacked vision and fashion experience [and thus] the publication lost its style credentials". [7] (#cite_note-mashable.com-7) Chen's approach of featuring unknown fashion bloggers while recruiting expensive, upscale stylists like Carlyne Cerf de Dudzeele (/wiki/Carlyne_Cerf_de_Dudzeele) and legendary photographers like Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) caused Lucky’s newsstand sales to fall even further by 15.8% in the first half of 2014 to 84,255 due to its high price point. [7] (#cite_note-mashable.com-7) Chen later resigned from the post in April 2015. [8] (#cite_note-ginar-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2012, Lucky announced that it would hold its first FABB: The Fashion and Beauty Blog conference. [10] (#cite_note-10) It was the first event of its kind, bringing together group of digital fashion, beauty, technology and celebrity leaders, and influential advertisers to the blogger community. Some of the participants included: Cat Deeley (/wiki/Cat_Deeley) , Alli Webb (/wiki/Alli_Webb) , Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) and Paige Adams-Geller . In April 2014, BeachMint (/wiki/BeachMint) , a Los Angeles–based e-commerce company began a joint venture with Condé Nast. The Condé Nast press release [11] (#cite_note-11) revealed that the venture would be called the Lucky Group. Eva Chen served as the chief creative officer for the Lucky Group, and BeachMint's Josh Bearman as its CEO. [12] (#cite_note-12) This effectively meant that Lucky Magazine was sold to Beachmint. [7] (#cite_note-mashable.com-7) In May 2015 the frequency of Lucky was switched to quarterly. [4] (#cite_note-adw-4) [13] (#cite_note-13) One month later, in June 2015, the magazine folded. [8] (#cite_note-ginar-8) Katia Kuethe (/wiki/Katia_Kuethe) was the magazine's final Creative Director. Reception [ edit ] From the magazine industry When Lucky was first released, it received criticism for its content that bordered between editorial and advertising. The American Society of Magazine Editors (/wiki/American_Society_of_Magazine_Editors) was skeptical of Lucky 's business practices in featuring products. Lucky 's reputation grew to a more positive one as time progressed. Simon Dumenco, a columnist at New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Magazine) initially gave a negative assessment, but later praised the magazine for focusing on the merits of a product rather than advertising it through celebrity endorsements like other women's magazines. [14] (#cite_note-adage-14) David Carr and Jeremy W. Peters said in an article published in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) : "It was, in retrospect, ahead of its time, a print rendering of a shopping portal on the Web. It was well received by both the news media and advertisers, in part because it was a well executed magazine that did not take itself too seriously." [15] (#cite_note-newyorktimes-15) From the advertising industry Lucky was Advertising Age (/wiki/Advertising_Age) ' s Magazine of the Year in 2003, highlighting its success with marketers and consumers. [14] (#cite_note-adage-14) [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "eCirc for Consumer Magazines" (https://archive.today/20170123200306/http://abcas3.auditedmedia.com/ecirc/magtitlesearch.asp) . Alliance for Audited Media (/wiki/Alliance_for_Audited_Media) . December 31, 2012. Archived from the original (http://abcas3.auditedmedia.com/ecirc/magtitlesearch.asp) on January 23, 2017 . Retrieved June 21, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) David E. Sumner; Shirrel Rhoades (2006). Magazines: A Complete Guide to the Industry . Peter Lang. p. 143. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8204-7617-9 . Retrieved April 10, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lucky_Fact_Sheet_3-0) "Lucky Fact Sheet" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140517115741/http://www.luckymag.com/services/presscenter/pressreleases/FactSheet) . Archived from the original (http://www.luckymag.com/services/presscenter/pressreleases/FactSheet) on 2014-05-17 . Retrieved 2009-12-03 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lucky Magazine Goes Quarterly" (http://www.adweek.com/news/press/lucky-magazine-goes-quarterly-164848) . AdWeek . May 19, 2015 . Retrieved August 17, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Since Lucky's launch in December 2000, circulation has gone from 500,000 to over 1 million, proving to be one of the most successful launches in Condé Nast history. (http://www.luckymag.com/services/presscenter/bios/KimFranceBio) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100517062343/http://www.luckymag.com/services/presscenter/bios/KimFranceBio) 2010-05-17 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) [ third-party source needed ] ^ (#cite_ref-6) Clifford, Stephanie (2 February 2009). "Lucky Magazine's iPhone Shopping Tool" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/business/media/02lucky.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Lucky magazine shuts down once and for all, here's why it failed" (https://mashable.com/2015/11/03/lucky-magazine-layoffs/#X18QfEVaruq7) . Mashable (/wiki/Mashable) . 4 November 2015. ^ Jump up to: a b Gina Marinelli (June 15, 2015). "Breaking: Lucky Magazine Shuts Down Print" (https://www.refinery29.com/2015/06/89186/lucky-magazine-print-edition-shut-down#.lieema:043V) . Refinery29 . Retrieved August 17, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bibby Sowray (July 6, 2015). "Eva Chen on why she left Lucky" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/why-eva-chen-left-lucky-magazine/) . The Telegraph . Retrieved December 21, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Lucky Magazine Announces First Ever West Coast FABB: Fashion and Beauty Blog Conference Presented by P&G Beauty & Grooming" (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lucky-magazine-announces-first-ever-west-coast-fabb-fashion-and-beauty-blog-conference-presented-by-pg-beauty--grooming-148722935.html) . PR Newswire (Press release) . Retrieved February 7, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Condé Nast Forms The Lucky Group, a Joint Venture that Combines Lucky Magazine with E-Commerce Platform, BeachMint | Condé Nast" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160301064645/http://www.condenast.com/press/press-releases/2014/08/11/conde-nast-forms-lucky-group-joint-venture-combines-lucky-magazine-e) . Condé Nast . Archived from the original (http://www.condenast.com/press/press-releases/2014/08/11/conde-nast-forms-lucky-group-joint-venture-combines-lucky-magazine-e) on March 1, 2016 . Retrieved February 7, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Surprise: BeachMint Is Merging With Lucky" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2014/08/surprise-beachmint-is-merging-with-lucky.html) . The Cut . Retrieved February 7, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Lauren Indvik (May 19, 2015). "Lucky magazine reduces publication to quarterly" (http://fashionista.com/2015/05/lucky-magazine-quarterly) . Fashionista . Retrieved August 17, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Fine, Jon. "Magazine of the year: Lucky." Advertising Age 74, no. 42 (October 20, 2003): S1,S4. ^ (#cite_ref-newyorktimes_15-0) Carr, David, and Jeremy W. Peters. "The Editor of Lucky Magazine Is Replaced." New York Times (September 9, 2010): 8. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Media Insight: Lucky Magazine." PR News 57, no. 14 (April 2, 2001): 1. 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German fashion designer The German police uniform was designed by Heinz Oestergaard. Heinz Oestergaard (born 15 August 1916 in Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) ; died 10 May 2003 in Bad Reichenhall (/wiki/Bad_Reichenhall) ) was a German fashion designer. He was considered one of the leading German fashion designers of the postwar period. After having succeeded in Berlin, where he designed clothes for Zarah Leander (/wiki/Zarah_Leander) and Maria Schell (/wiki/Maria_Schell) , Oestergaard went to Munich in 1967. He there became the fashion manager of the catalogue company Quelle (/wiki/Arcandor) . He there replaced the customary wire used for bodices (/wiki/Bodice) by stretch fabric. In 1971 he designed police uniforms and the green uniforms of the German police (/wiki/Landespolizei) forces. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Awards [ edit ] 1996: Verdienstorden des Landes Berlin ( Order of Merit of Berlin (/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_Berlin) ) 1996: Bundesverdienstkreuz (/wiki/Bundesverdienstkreuz) 1. Klasse der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Officer's Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Polizisten in Mitte sind ab 1. Februar blau . In: tagesspiegel.de . Cf. "Willkommen - NDS. Ministerium für Inneres und Sport" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100327174032/http://www.polizei.niedersachsen.de/thema/uniform/) . Archived from the original (http://www.polizei.niedersachsen.de/thema/uniform/) on 2010-03-27 . Retrieved 2010-04-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Heumann, Hans-Dieter (2012-01-02). Hans-Dietrich Genscher . Brill | Schöningh. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.30965/9783657770373 (https://doi.org/10.30965%2F9783657770373) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-657-77037-3 . External links [ edit ] Homepage Heinz Oestergaard (http://www.heinz-oestergaard.de) Wearable fashion for millions of people 2003 (https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article693584/Tragbare_Mode_fuer_Millionen.html) Er liebte das Leben, die Menschen und seine Arbeit wie kein anderer: Oestergaard ist verstorben . He loved life, people and his work like no other: Oestergaard died on uni-protokolle.de. Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/349378/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000385909389) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/237094709) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwhy6CbmgfCHvw6fMDTHC) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/119059797) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94121285) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119059797.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐79cbf896bd‐q4dx6 Cached time: 20240706120801 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.396 seconds Real time usage: 0.696 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 333/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9820/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 404/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13035/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.295/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4078860/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 568.534 1 -total 40.05% 227.710 1 Template:Reflist 37.31% 212.126 1 Template:Authority_control 34.11% 193.902 1 Template:Cite_web 22.14% 125.890 1 Template:Short_description 14.03% 79.738 2 Template:Pagetype 4.62% 26.239 3 Template:Main_other 4.00% 22.750 1 Template:SDcat 1.73% 9.845 1 Template:Cite_book 0.67% 3.801 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27118368-0!canonical and timestamp 20240706120801 and revision id 1109126047. 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Swedish milliner and hatmaker Dorothea Hoffman (died 1710), was a Swedish milliner (/wiki/Milliner) and hatmaker. She was the daughter of the Elder (administrative title) (/wiki/Elder_(administrative_title)) Fischer of the hatmaker's guild (/wiki/Guild) in Norrköping (/wiki/Norrk%C3%B6ping) . She married the hatmaker Mårten Hoffman (d. 1702) in Stockholm, with whom she had ten children. Dorothea Hoffman conducted her own business independently from her spouse, despite the fact that she as a married woman who was formally under the guardianship of her husband. As with other married businesswomen, her activity is not very visible in the documents, but she was sued in 1678 by the hatmaker's guild in Köping (/wiki/K%C3%B6ping) for having imported 92 of her own hats to Köping for sale. When she was widowed in 1702, she was formally noted as a businesswoman of her own business as well as inheriting the hatmaker's guild privilege and workshop of her late spouse. Hoffman was the most successful hatmaker in Stockholm: she is listed with a larger staff and more journeyman (/wiki/Journeyman) 's than any other of her profession in the capital, and her workshop and business was noted to have been the largest within her trade. She imported from Lübeck and Copenhagen, and her goods were known for their high quality. She died during the Great Northern War plague outbreak (/wiki/Great_Northern_War_plague_outbreak) . Her business was inherited by her son Elias Hoffman (1690–1719), who had to defend it against the rest of the members of the hatmaker's guild of Stockholm, who wished to have it divided among the guild members due to its disproportionate size. It was still the biggest of its kind in Stockholm in 1719–26, when it was managed by Dorothea Hoffman's daughter-in-law Christina Udd, who, however, dissolved it when she remarried in 1726. See also [ edit ] Margareta Dockvil (/wiki/Margareta_Dockvil) References [ edit ] Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år, 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐67876cfcf7‐gbvmd Cached time: 20240711112706 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.074 seconds Real time usage: 0.216 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 160/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1007/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 385/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.041/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1587871/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 204.893 1 -total 86.93% 178.121 1 Template:Short_description 60.51% 123.977 2 Template:Main_other 59.52% 121.949 1 Template:SDcat 20.34% 41.677 2 Template:Pagetype 12.76% 26.153 1 Template:Authority_control 1.26% 2.586 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58304242-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711112706 and revision id 1225271068. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dorothea_Hoffman&oldid=1225271068 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dorothea_Hoffman&oldid=1225271068) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 17th-century births (/wiki/Category:17th-century_births) 1710 deaths (/wiki/Category:1710_deaths) 17th-century Swedish businesspeople (/wiki/Category:17th-century_Swedish_businesspeople) 18th-century Swedish businesspeople (/wiki/Category:18th-century_Swedish_businesspeople) 18th-century deaths from plague (disease) (/wiki/Category:18th-century_deaths_from_plague_(disease)) Infectious disease deaths in Sweden (/wiki/Category:Infectious_disease_deaths_in_Sweden) People from the Swedish Empire (/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Swedish_Empire) Swedish milliners (/wiki/Category:Swedish_milliners) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description)
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