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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Pekok&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Pekok&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Pekok) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Pekok) for suggestions. ( November 2022 ) The Pekok is a Karbi (/wiki/Karbi_people) traditional item of dress, which is worn over the upper part of the body. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Bhattacharjee, Tanmay (1986). Sociology of the Karbis . B.R. Publishing. p. 36. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788170183259 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Beypi, Serdihun; Biswas, Sivasish (2012). "Language, Culture, and Translation of the Karbi: A Brief Study". International Journal of Social Science and Humanity . 2 (6): 562–564. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Barbora, Sanjay (2015). "Uneasy Homecomings: Political Entanglements in Contemporary Assam". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies . 38 (2): 290–303. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/00856401.2015.1032473 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00856401.2015.1032473) . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pekok&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐7tp2w Cached time: 20240712224105 Cache expiry: 1646336 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.238 seconds Real time usage: 0.295 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 320/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13788/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1116/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17298/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.172/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3681294/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 277.851 1 -total 44.00% 122.250 1 Template:Reflist 30.12% 83.695 1 Template:Cite_book 27.79% 77.205 1 Template:Orphan 27.19% 75.553 1 Template:Clothing-stub 26.49% 73.604 1 Template:Asbox 21.83% 60.664 1 Template:Draft_other 21.03% 58.434 1 Template:Ambox 5.97% 16.601 2 Template:Cite_journal 0.71% 1.967 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55664839-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712224105 and revision id 1119347010. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pekok&oldid=1119347010 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pekok&oldid=1119347010) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian clothing (/wiki/Category:Indian_clothing) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Orphaned articles from November 2022 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_November_2022) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Caterina Angiola Pieroncini Education 18 months direction from Mademoiselle Alée in Paris Occupation(s) Lady-in-waiting (/wiki/Lady-in-waiting) , lacemaker Years active 1664-1667 Employer Vittoria della Rovere (/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere) 17th-century Italian lady-in-waiting Caterina Angiola Pieroncini was a 17th-century Italian lace-maker, embroiderer and lady-in-waiting (/wiki/Lady-in-waiting) for the Grand Duchess Vittoria della Rovere (/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere) . Career [ edit ] An example of point de France needle lace from the period An example of gros point needle lace from the period As a lady-in-waiting to the Grand Duchess Vittoria della Rovere (/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere) (1622–1694) who was known for supporting her ladies in waiting, [1] (#cite_note-patronage-1) Pieroncini was sent to Paris in 1664 [2] (#cite_note-Pino-2) to study needlework in order to make the latest designs, after which she returned to Florence. [3] (#cite_note-modesti-3) While in Paris, Maria of Lorraine, the duchess of Switzerland, was her guardian. [2] (#cite_note-Pino-2) Pieroncini studied under the direction of Mademoiselle Alée in Paris for eighteen months, during which she was paid 200 lire every two trimesters plus other costs of living. [1] (#cite_note-patronage-1) As a lace-maker, Pieroncini worked during a time when Venetian gros point needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) was in vogue and was considered the highest quality lace. By the mid-century, French styles of bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) and point de France needle lace became more popular. [3] (#cite_note-modesti-3) Retirement [ edit ] Following her service to the Grand Duchess, Pieronicini entered the convent on 17 July 1677 and took the same Suor Maria Vittoria during which time she continued to receive support from the Duchess, who lived at the same convent as a child. [1] (#cite_note-patronage-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Modesti, Adelina (2019-12-10). Women's Patronage and Gendered Cultural Networks in Early Modern Europe: Vittoria della Rovere, Grand Duchess of Tuscany . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-351-77811-4 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pino, Ana Ágreda (2022). Vivir entre bastidores: bordado, mujer y domesticidad en la España de la Edad Moderna . Univeridad de Cantabria. p. 219. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788419024084 . ^ Jump up to: a b Modesti, Adelina. Jones, Tanja L. (ed.). Women Artists in the Early Modern Courts of Europe: c. 1450-1700 . Amsterdam University Press. pp. 139–160. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-485-4022-8 . v t e Grand Duchesses of Tuscany (/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Tuscany#Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany) Archduchess Joanna of Austria (/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany) (1574–1578) Donna Bianca Cappello (/wiki/Bianca_Cappello) (1579–1587) Princess Christina of Lorraine (/wiki/Christina_of_Lorraine) (1589–1609) Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Maddalena_of_Austria) (1609–1621) Princess Vittoria della Rovere (/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere) (1634–1670) Princess Marguerite Louise of Orléans (/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans) (1670–1721) Duchess Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg (/wiki/Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg) (1689–1728) Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (/wiki/Maria_Theresa) (1737–1765) Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain) (1765–1790) Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily) (1790–1801) Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony (/wiki/Princess_Maria_Ferdinanda_of_Saxony) (1821–1824) Princess Maria Anna of Saxony (/wiki/Princess_Maria_Anna_of_Saxony_(1799%E2%80%931832)) (1824–1832) Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies (/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonia_of_the_Two_Sicilies) (1833–1859) Further reading [ edit ] Modesti, Adalina. 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Georgian fashion designer This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( August 2021 ) Teona Gardapkhadze თეო გარდაფხაძე Born ( 1983-08-17 ) 17 August 1983 (age 40) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi) , Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) Nationality Georgian (/wiki/Georgians) Education Tbilisi State Academy of Arts (/wiki/Tbilisi_State_Academy_of_Arts) Label TEYÓ Teona Gardapkhadze ( Georgian (/wiki/Georgian_language) : თეო გარდაფხაძე ) known as TEYÓ is a Georgian (/wiki/Georgians) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi) , Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) . Early life and education [ edit ] Teona was born in 1983. She graduated an Architecture department of Tbilisi State Academy of Arts (/wiki/Tbilisi_State_Academy_of_Arts) . In 2006 she decided to try herself in fashion design. Inspiration + Tendency + Love is a formula of Teona's brand TEYÓ, which was created in 2012. Same year she presented her first f/w collection at Tbilisi Fashion Week. After her debut she successfully works for several stores in Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) , Kazakhstan (/wiki/Kazakhstan) and Russia (/wiki/Russia) , as well as in Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] Her clothes are chosen by many celebrities, including Sheikha Mozah (/wiki/Sheikha_Mozah) ; Ukrainian singer, actress, songwriter, winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016) - Jamala (/wiki/Jamala) ; singer and the current vocalist for the group A-Studio (/wiki/A-Studio) - Keti Topuria (/wiki/Keti_Topuria) ; Russian journalist Evelina Khromtchenko (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0) and others. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "TEYO : Tbilisi Fashion Week" (http://www.tbilisifashionweek.com/teyo/) . Tbilisi Fashion Week. 2015-01-27. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "TEYÓ BY TEO GARDAPKHADZE" (http://www.mbfashionweektbilisi.com/tey-by-teo-gardapkhadze) . Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Tbilisi. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "TWF: AVTANDIL, DATUNA SULIKASHVILI, TEYO" (http://www.nargismagazine.az/az/22050) . 2014-05-14. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "В Самаре откроется корнер Teyo by Teo Gardapkhadze" (http://www.yapokupayu.ru/blogs/post/otkrytie-kornera-teyo-by-teo-gardaphadze-na-fabrike) (in Russian). 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French fashion designer and tailor (1812–1886) Alexis Lavigne Born ( 1812-03-22 ) March 22, 1812 Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) Died February 21, 1886 (1886-02-21) (aged 73) Neuilly-sur-Seine (/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine) , France (/wiki/France) Nationality French (/wiki/French_people) Alexis Lavigne (March 26, 1812 - February 21, 1886) [1] (#cite_note-1) was a French tailor (/wiki/Tailor) and inventor (/wiki/Inventor) . He invented the couture mannequin (/wiki/Mannequin) and the supple measuring tape (/wiki/Measuring_tape) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In 1841, he established the first fashion school in the world, Guerre-Lavigne, which became ESMOD (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESMOD) in 1976. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Alexis Lavigne" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4721481) . www.wikidata.org . Retrieved 2022-04-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Alexis Lavigne: Revolutionizing Fashion Theorie" (https://artsandculture.google.com/story/alexis-lavigne-revolutionizing-fashion-theorie/HAVxRwMwncILJA) . Google Arts & Culture (in English and French) . Retrieved 2022-04-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Histoire" (https://web-esmod.azurewebsites.net/le-groupe-esmod/histoire/) . ESMOD (in French) . Retrieved 2022-04-13 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/184382183) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13015426s) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13015426s) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1047517477) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c4c59bc4‐pjvln Cached time: 20240626104202 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.277 seconds Real time usage: 0.380 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1774/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13032/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1252/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17400/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.194/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5258211/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 364.563 1 -total 33.49% 122.100 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 24.67% 89.936 1 Template:Reflist 21.62% 78.821 3 Template:Cite_web 21.58% 78.687 1 Template:Authority_control_(arts) 19.68% 71.763 1 Template:Short_description 12.74% 46.435 2 Template:Pagetype 10.40% 37.904 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.56% 27.554 16 Template:Main_other 6.03% 22.001 1 Template:Birth_date Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26506103-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626104202 and revision id 1222535922. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Lavigne&oldid=1222535922 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Lavigne&oldid=1222535922) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_designers) 19th-century French inventors (/wiki/Category:19th-century_French_inventors) 1886 deaths (/wiki/Category:1886_deaths) 1812 births (/wiki/Category:1812_births) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers)
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Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5d8cb9d5d4‐rcz9d Cached time: 20240722010439 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.038 seconds Real time usage: 0.051 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 13/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 696/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.023/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 630276/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 41.510 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 41.510 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39207480-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722010439 and revision id 852253279. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Cosmetics companies of Italy" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Acqua di Parma (/wiki/Acqua_di_Parma) K Kiko Milano (/wiki/Kiko_Milano) P Paglieri (/wiki/Paglieri) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Italy&oldid=852253279 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Italy&oldid=852253279) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cosmetics companies by country (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_by_country) Companies of Italy by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Italy_by_industry)
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British merchant tailor Benjamin Henshawe (1585–1631) was a London merchant tailor (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Merchant_Taylors) and silkman who supplied fabrics and passementerie (/wiki/Passementerie) for costume and furnishings for the royal court. His widow, Anna Henshawe, continued in business with William Geere. [1] (#cite_note-1) Background [ edit ] Henshawe supplied the tailors working for Henrietta Maria (/wiki/Henrietta_Maria) and Jeffrey Hudson (/wiki/Jeffrey_Hudson) He was a son of Thomas Henshawe (died 1611), silkman of Milk Street, London (/wiki/Milk_Street,_London) , and his wife, Flower Gouldesborough Henshawe, a sister of Godfrey Goldsborough (/wiki/Godfrey_Goldsborough) , Bishop of Gloucester (/wiki/Bishop_of_Gloucester) . [2] (#cite_note-2) His sister Flower Henshaw married John Backhouse (/wiki/John_Backhouse) in 1615. [3] (#cite_note-3) His mother, Flower Henshawe, died intestate in March 1616. [4] (#cite_note-4) Thomas Henshawe sold lace, silk, ribbons, and fringes to Anne Sidney, the wife of William Fitzwilliam (/wiki/William_FitzWilliam_(Lord_Deputy)) , in 1588. [5] (#cite_note-5) He supplied fabrics to Anne of Denmark (/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1606 he received payments for his bill of £4,967 from the Queen's vice-chamberlain, George Carew (/wiki/George_Carew,_1st_Earl_of_Totnes) , [8] (#cite_note-8) and he supplied fabrics for The Masque of Beauty (/wiki/The_Masque_of_Beauty) , The Masque of Queens (/wiki/The_Masque_of_Queens) , [9] (#cite_note-9) and Tethys' Festival (/wiki/Tethys%27_Festival) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Thomas Henshawe was an "incorporator" of the East India Company (/wiki/East_India_Company) in 1609. [12] (#cite_note-12) Silkmen typically supervised weavers in-house, or used outworkers, who completed their products with silk supplied by the silkman. Nicholas Herman, a silkman based in Perth (/wiki/Perth,_Scotland) in the 1630s had a workshop with three silk trimming mills and five looms to make passementerie. [13] (#cite_note-13) Career [ edit ] Like his father, Benjamin Henshawe supplied gold spangles, and spangled lace, for masques in 1613 at the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate (/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Elizabeth_and_Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Spangles and oes (/wiki/Oes) were early types of sequin (/wiki/Sequin) . [15] (#cite_note-15) He supplied "Venice gold twist" and "gold edging lace" to the embroiderer William Broderick, to make wall-hangings for the bridal chamber, silk ribbons to the upholsterer John Baker, and spangles to William Cookesbury (/wiki/William_Cookesbury) who made plumes of feathers for the bed. The list of items supplied for the apparel of Elizabeth and her attendants includes "ten dozen of very rich gold and silver high sugar loaf buttons, wrought with pearl and oes". He delivered sewing silk for four ladies of the bedchamber, silver loop lace for eleven bridesmaid's gowns, and materials for the liveries of footmen and coachmen. [16] (#cite_note-16) For the funeral of Anne of Denmark (/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Anne_of_Denmark) in 1619, Benjamin Henshawe provided gold fringes and trimmings for the velvet cushion on the hearse, on which an effigy of the queen was placed. [17] (#cite_note-17) Henshawe did not receive payment for goods supplied to Anne of Denmark worth £30,000 until May 1625. [18] (#cite_note-18) The historian Malcolm Smuts, noting that Henshawe supplied goods to the value of £45,000 to the king and queen between 1616 and 1618, wrote that his contribution to court culture had "been forgotten even by experts". [19] (#cite_note-19) Fabrics for Anne of Denmark's clothes had been supplied by Baptist Hicks (/wiki/Baptist_Hicks,_1st_Viscount_Campden) and William Stone (/wiki/George_Carew,_1st_Earl_of_Totnes) (died 1607). [20] (#cite_note-20) Stone, Master of the Company of Clothworkers (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Clothworkers) , was paid £6,108 by the queen's chamberlain George Carew (/wiki/George_Carew,_1st_Earl_of_Totnes) in January 1605. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 1620, Henshawe's servant Richard Jones billed Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury) for "greedaline" gold and silver lace, buttons, and loops for a night gown of "silver stuff" which Herbert intended to take to Paris. [22] (#cite_note-22) Henshaw worked with the upholsterer Ralph Grynder (/wiki/Ralph_Grynder) in the 1620s, making beds, couches, chairs, and cushions. [23] (#cite_note-23) Henshawe was a member of the Honourable Artillery Company (/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company) , and was known as "Captain Henshawe". He became a supplier of trimmings to Henrietta Maria (/wiki/Henrietta_Maria) and supplied lace to the tailors Gilbert Morrett and George Gillin who made clothes for the two dwarfs in her household, Jeffrey Hudson (/wiki/Jeffrey_Hudson) and Little Sara. After his death in 1631, his widow Anne or Anna Henshaw continued the business for a time, [24] (#cite_note-24) and received payment for an order for the masque Chloridia (/wiki/Chloridia) , which included copper lace for two "maskinge suttes for Jefferye". [25] (#cite_note-25) Some editions of Geralds Meditations (/wiki/Johann_Gerhard) translated by Ralph Winterton (/wiki/Ralph_Winterton) include a dedication to Benjamin Henshaw and his brothers (1638), or to Henshaw and members of his wife's family, (1627). Wealth and corruption [ edit ] Katherine Knyvett, Countess of Suffolk (/wiki/Catherine_Howard,_Countess_of_Suffolk) by Paul van Somer (/wiki/Paul_van_Somer_I) Henshawe was wealthy enough to donate windows for the chancel of St Mary Magdalen, Milk Street (/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalen,_Milk_Street) in 1619. [26] (#cite_note-26) Henshawe and another textile merchant Baptist Hicks (/wiki/Baptist_Hicks) were involved in a corruption court case brought against Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk) , due to a large sum of money owed to him by James VI and I (/wiki/James_VI_and_I) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Henshawe's brother-in-law, Sir John Bingley (/wiki/John_Bingley_(MP)) (husband of Anne Henshaw, who died in 1615), [28] (#cite_note-28) was an exchequer official, and had brokered a series of transactions with Catherine Howard, Countess of Suffolk (/wiki/Catherine_Howard,_Countess_of_Suffolk) in 1617. A percentage of money owed to Henshawe for materials supplied to the royal wardrobe was diverted to the countess. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) Henshawe and other suppliers including Oliver Browne (/wiki/Oliver_Browne) were questioned on 26 April 1624 about goods supplied to the royal wardrobe under Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex (/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesex) . [31] (#cite_note-31) Henshawe had bought the position of receiver of revenue from Dorset and Somerset crown lands from Cranfield in 1613 for £1000. As Cranfield became short of money he mortgaged manors to Henshawe. [32] (#cite_note-32) Anna Henshawe and William Geere [ edit ] William Geere obtained Van Dyck's portrait of the The Five Children of Charles I As a widow, Anne Bonham Henshaw served Henrietta Maria as a silkwoman (/wiki/Silkwoman) . [33] (#cite_note-33) With William Geere, she supplied "deep gold and silver French caulworke" fringes (/wiki/Fringe_(trim)) set with 100 silver roses to edge carnation velvet table carpets, chairs, and stools, completing a suite of furniture matching a bed. They also provided "fingerwork string" cords and tassels for the chapel at Somerset House (/wiki/Somerset_House) . Geere and Anna Henshawe sold goods worth £1000 to Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (/wiki/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk) . [34] (#cite_note-34) Geere also worked for the Countess of Arundel (/wiki/Alethea_Howard,_Countess_of_Arundel) at Tart Hall (/wiki/Tart_Hall) . He worked with Ralph Grynder to supply "flatt finger worke stringe" for the Queen's House (/wiki/Queen%27s_House) at Greenwich. [35] (#cite_note-35) Geere, a warden of the Company of Drapers (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Drapers) and an investor in the East India Company, [36] (#cite_note-36) was like Henshawe, a captain of the Artillery Company. [37] (#cite_note-37) Geere had attracted criticism in 1623 from the newly formed incorporation of the Gold Wire Drawers of the City of London (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Gold_and_Silver_Wyre_Drawers) for selling quantities of inferior products. [38] (#cite_note-38) He bought Lauderdale House (/wiki/Lauderdale_House) at Highgate (/wiki/Highgate) in 1632, and sold or mortgaged the property to Mary Sutton, Countess of Home (/wiki/Mary_Sutton,_Countess_of_Home) , the mother-in-law of John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale (/wiki/John_Maitland,_1st_Duke_of_Lauderdale) . [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) When the Earl of Lauderdale was declared " delinquent (/wiki/Committee_for_Compounding_with_Delinquents) " in 1648, his furnishings in London were sold and Geere was made to repay £1,700 which he had from the Countess of Home. A delay to the sales was ignored. [41] (#cite_note-41) According to Bulstrode Whitelocke (/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke) , officers from Haberdasher's Hall (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Haberdashers) who came to collect Lauderdale's goods were resisted by a "file of musquetiers". [42] (#cite_note-42) Geere obtained significant furnishings and art works from the royal collection in 1650 in recompense of debts. Geere bought cloths of estate and Anthony van Dyck (/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck) 's portrait of The Five Children of Charles I . He died in 1654. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) Anna Henshawe petitioned to recover debts due to her, and an annuity sequestered by Parliament. She had one of her petitions printed in 1654, and was awarded £8,000 in December 1655. [45] (#cite_note-45) Family [ edit ] The children of Benjamin and his wife Anna, daughter of the vintner William Bonham, [46] (#cite_note-46) included: Thomas Henshaw (alchemist) (/wiki/Thomas_Henshaw_(alchemist)) , (1618–1700) Anne Henshawe, baptised 6 June 1619. [47] (#cite_note-47) Nathaniel Henshaw (/wiki/Nathaniel_Henshaw) (died 1673), a physician References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Annabel Westman, Fringe Frog & Tassel: The Art of the Trimmings-Maker in Interior Decoration in Britain and Ireland (London: Philip Wilson, 2019), 19–20. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Memorials of the Goldesborough family , 135 (https://archive.org/details/memorialsofgolde00gold/page/n191/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Backhouse, John (1584-1649), of Sindlesham and Swallowfield, History of Parliament Online (https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/backhouse-john-1584-1649) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Norman Egbert McClure, Letters of John Chamberlain , 1 (Philadelphia, 1939), 615. ^ (#cite_ref-5) 'Fitzwilliam Manuscripts at Milton, England', Analecta Hibernica , 4 (October 1932), 302. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jemma Field (/wiki/Jemma_Field) , 'Clothing the Royal Family: the Intersection of the Court and City in Early Stuart London', Peter Edwards, Monarchy, the Court, and the Provincial Elite in Early Modern Europe (Brill, 2024), 259–60, 262. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1163/9789004694149_014 (https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004694149_014) ^ (#cite_ref-7) HMC Salisbury Hatfield , vol. 11 (London, 1973), 162. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Frederick Devon, Issues of the Exchequer (London, 1836), 57. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Martin Wiggins & Catherine Richardson, British Drama, 1533–1642: 1609–1616 , vol. 6 (Oxford, 2015), pp. 7, 77. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Paul Reyher, Les Masques Anglais (Paris, 1909), 70, 507–8 (https://archive.org/details/lesmasquesanglai00reyh/page/70/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Thomas W. Ross, 'Expenses for Ben Jonson's The Masque of Beauty', The Bulletin of the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association , 23:4 (December 1969), 171–172. ^ (#cite_ref-12) John Shaw, Charters Relating to the East India Company (Madras, 1887), 18. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Alfred Plummer, The London Weaver's Company (Routledge, 1972), 10: National Records of Scotland (/wiki/National_Records_of_Scotland) GD172/2052. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Annabel Westman, Fringe Frog & Tassel: The Art of the Trimmings-Maker in Interior Decoration in Britain and Ireland (London: Philip Wilson, 2019), 20: Martin Wiggins & Catherine Richardson, British Drama, 1533–1642: 1609–1616 , vol. 6 (Oxford, 2015), p. 279. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Martin Wiggins & Catherine Richardson, British Drama, 1533–1642: 1609–1616 , vol. 6 (Oxford, 2015), 279. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Valerie Cumming, 'The trousseau of Princess Elizabeth Stuart', Collectanea Londoniensis (LAMAS, 1978), 315–328: Frederic Madden, 'Warrant for the Apparel for the Marriage of the Princess Elizabeth', (https://archive.org/details/s2id13276850/page/380/mode/2up) Archaeologia , 26 (1836), pp. 385–386 (https://archive.org/details/s2id13276850/page/380/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-17) Philip Lindley, 'Queen Anne of Denmark', Anthony Harvey & Richard Mortimer, The Funeral Effigies of Westminster Abbey (Boydell, 1994), p. 64. ^ (#cite_ref-18) John Bruce, Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1625, 1626 (London, 1858), 538. ^ (#cite_ref-19) R. Malcolm Smuts, 'Art and the material culture of majesty', The Stuart Court and Europe (Cambridge, 1996), 110: Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1619–1623 , 357. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Portrait of Sir William Stone, Clothworkers 100 Objects (https://members.clothworkers.co.uk/clothworkers/Archive_News/2015_Archive_News/100_Objects_Sir_William_Stone.aspx) ^ (#cite_ref-21) Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1603–1610 , 189, 370, 449. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire , 20 (London, 1886), 146 (https://archive.org/details/collectionshist04unkngoog/page/n177/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-23) Annabel Westman, Fringe Frog & Tassel: The Art of the Trimmings-Maker in Interior Decoration in Britain and Ireland (London: Philip Wilson, 2019), 20. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Erin Griffey, 'Re-Dressing the Evidence: Henrietta Maria’s Wardrobe Accounts, 1627–1639', Costume , 57:1 (March 2023), 8, 10, 13. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3366/cost.2023.0243 (https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fcost.2023.0243) : Caroline Hibbard, 'The Queen's Patronage of Artists and Artisans', Erin Griffey, Henrietta Maria (Ashgate, 2008), 131–32. ^ (#cite_ref-25) Cambridge Ben Jonson, Chloridia 9 (https://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/benjonson/k/masque/547Chlor_PROLR5_64_07/) ^ (#cite_ref-26) W. Bruce Bannerman, Registers of All Hallows, Honey Lane , 1 (London, 1914), 110. ^ (#cite_ref-27) James Spedding, Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon , vol. 7 (London, 1874), p. 56–59. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Westminster Abbey, Ann Bingley (https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/ann-bingley) ^ (#cite_ref-29) A. Perceval Keep, 'Star Chamber Proceedings against the Earl of Suffolk and Others', (https://archive.org/details/sim_english-historical-review_1898-10_13_52/page/716/mode/2up) English Historical Review , 13:52 (1898), 716–728 (https://archive.org/details/sim_english-historical-review_1898-10_13_52/page/716/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-30) Bingley, John (c.1572-1638), of Chester, (http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/bingley-john-1572-1638) The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629 , ed. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris, 2010 (http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/bingley-john-1572-1638) ^ (#cite_ref-31) Journals of the House of Lords , vol. 3, 348. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Menna Prestwich, Cranfield: politics and profits under the early Stuarts (Oxford, 1966), 63, 480, 603. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Caroline Hibbard, 'Artists and Artisans', Erin Giffey, Henrietta Maria (Ashgate, 2008), 130. ^ (#cite_ref-34) HMC 5th Report , 11: HMC 7th Report (London, 1879), 64. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Annabel Westman, Fringe Frog & Tassel: The Art of the Trimmings-Maker in Interior Decoration in Britain and Ireland (London: Philip Wilson, 2019), 29–30. ^ (#cite_ref-36) Ethel Bruce Sainsbury, A calendar of the court minutes of the East India Company (Oxford, 1909), 180. ^ (#cite_ref-37) G. Raikes, The Ancient Vellum Book of the Honourable Artillery Company (London, 1890), 4 (https://archive.org/details/ancientvellumbo00walegoog/page/n32/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-38) Acts of the Privy Council, 1623–1625 , 92: Horace Stewart, History of the Worshipful company of gold and silver wyre-drawers (London, 1891), 32. ^ (#cite_ref-39) 'Lauderdale House and Waterlow Park', in Survey of London: Volume 17, the Parish of St Pancras Part 1: the Village of Highgate, (London, 1936) pp. 7-18 (https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol17/pt1/pp7-18) British History Online, accessed 8 March 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-40) Philip Norman, Cromwell House, Highgate (London, 1926), 19. ^ (#cite_ref-41) HMC 7th Report , 55–56: Calendar of the Proceedings of the Committee for Advance of Money, 1642-1656 , part 2 (London, 1888), pp. 948-952: National Library of Scotland (/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland) , MS 14547. ^ (#cite_ref-42) Bulstrode Whitelocke, Memorials of the English Affairs (London, 1682), 334: John Rushworth, Historical Collections , 2 (London, 1701), 1278. ^ (#cite_ref-43) Jerry Brotton, The sale of the late King's goods (London, 2017), 241–42, 258: Peter Barber, 'Gambling in wartime: the rise and fall of William Geere', Camden History Review , 19 (1995), 17–20. ^ (#cite_ref-44) Gert-Rudolf Flick, Missing masterpieces : lost works of art (London, 2003), 204, as "John Geere". ^ (#cite_ref-45) Amy Erickson, Women and Property: In Early Modern England , 154: Elaine Hobby, Virtue of Necessity: English Women's Writing, 1649–88 (Michigan, 1989), 14: Journals of the House of Commons , vol. 7, 353. ^ (#cite_ref-46) Calendar of wills proved and enrolled in the Court of Husting, London (London, 1890), 758. ^ (#cite_ref-47) W. Bruce Bannerman, Registers of All Hallows, Honey Lane , 1 (London, 1914), 110. 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British fashion journalist and editor (1891–1980) Alison Settle Settle in Vogue . Born ( 1891-01-18 ) 18 January 1891 Clapham (/wiki/Clapham) , London Died 24 September 1980 (1980-09-24) (aged 89) Worthing (/wiki/Worthing) , West Sussex (/wiki/West_Sussex) , England Occupation(s) Journalist and fashion editor Alison Towers Settle née Alison Violet de Froideville Fuchs (18 January 1891 in Clapham (/wiki/Clapham) , [1] (#cite_note-1) London – 14 September 1980 in Worthing (/wiki/Worthing) , Sussex) was a British fashion journalist and editor. Settle's career in fashion journalism spanned over five decades, from the 1910s to the 1970s. She wrote for publications including The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) and The Lady (/wiki/The_Lady_(magazine)) , edited British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) from 1926 to 1935, and belonged to government bodies tasked with improving British design and taste. Alison Settle's archive is located at the University of Brighton Design Archives (/wiki/University_of_Brighton_Design_Archives) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Personal life [ edit ] She was the second child of Margaret (Maggie) Campbell Munro and Georg Friedrich Gotthilf Fuchs, Premier Lieutenant of the Landwehr and descendant of the Central European aristocratic family Monod de Froideville. Her older brother was the zoologist Harold Munro Fox (/wiki/Harold_Munro_Fox) . Settle intended to read History at the University of Oxford (/wiki/University_of_Oxford) , and won a bursary to Somerville College (/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford) , but was unable to attend because of lack of funds. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1914, she became engaged to the barrister Alfred Towers Settle, marrying him four years later in November 1918. [ citation needed ] Alfred died of tuberculosis in 1925, leaving Settle with their two young children Margaret and John. [ citation needed ] She never remarried. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] In 1926, Settle became editor of British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue , working for Edna Woolman Chase (/wiki/Edna_Woolman_Chase) , the American editor-in-chief of the three existing editions of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , staying in her position for the next 9 years. [4] (#cite_note-4) Under her management, the magazine first employed influential writers including Virginia Woolf (/wiki/Virginia_Woolf) , Edith Sitwell (/wiki/Edith_Sitwell) and Vita Sackville-West (/wiki/Vita_Sackville-West) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Settle left Vogue in 1935 under strained circumstances, spending the subsequent year writing the book Clothes Line , published in 1937. In that year' she also became the fashion editor of The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) , retiring in 1960. A year after her retirement, she received the OBE (/wiki/OBE) for services to the journalism of fashion. [6] (#cite_note-6) She was also a fashion columnist for The Lady (/wiki/The_Lady_(magazine)) for 27 years until 1972, which ended after Settle had a serious accident in Paris. Her book Fashion As A Career was published in 1963. Settle moved to Steyning (Sussex) after World War II. She died in Worthing on the autumn of 1980, at 89. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 1891 England Census ^ (#cite_ref-2) University of Brighton Design Archives: Alison Settle Archive (http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/archives/alison-settle) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Alison Settle Archive" (https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/79df8bd5-04e2-3bc5-9ad9-7e0c4cc41f0d) . Retrieved 25 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ilaria Coser (2017): Alison Settle, Editor of British Vogue (1926–1935): Habitus and the Acquisition of Cultural, Social, and Symbolic Capital in the Private Diaries of Alison Settle, Fashion Theory, DOI: 10.1080/1362704X.2017.1371982 [1] (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1362704X.2017.1371982) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Alison Settle (1891 - 1980) | European Feminist Research Conference, Graz University of Technology, Austria" (http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/Women-Designing-1994/European-Feminist-Research-Conference/alison-settle-1891-1980) . arts.brighton.ac.uk . Retrieved 20 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) The Times (10 June 1961) 10 ^ (#cite_ref-7) 'Mrs Alison Settle,' The Times (20 Sep 1980) 14 Media offices Preceded by Dorothy Todd (/wiki/Dorothy_Todd) Editor of British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) 1926–1935 Succeeded by Elizabeth Penrose (/wiki/Elizabeth_Penrose_(fashion_journalist)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) Te Papa (New Zealand) (https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/60917) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐8tp5n Cached time: 20240714125716 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.388 seconds Real time usage: 0.531 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3424/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19674/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5378/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15984/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.239/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6502612/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 507.383 1 -total 25.79% 130.858 1 Template:Infobox_person 19.90% 100.953 1 Template:Reflist 17.07% 86.587 2 Template:Cite_web 15.61% 79.212 1 Template:Authority_control 15.07% 76.447 1 Template:Short_description 9.66% 49.029 3 Template:Citation_needed 9.19% 46.614 2 Template:Pagetype 9.17% 46.508 24 Template:Main_other 8.67% 43.992 3 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45153149-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714125716 and revision id 1229744014. 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Fashion industry events in Italy Pitti Immagine is a collection of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) industry events in Italy (/wiki/Italy) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Pitti Immagine Uomo [ edit ] Pitti Uomo (in English, "Pitti Men"), is one of the world's most important platforms for men's clothing and accessory collections, and for launching new projects in men's fashion. It's held twice yearly in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , at the Fortezza da Basso (/wiki/Fortezza_da_Basso) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The first edition of Pitti Uomo was held in Florence in September 1972 and was organized by Giovanni Battista Giorgini (/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Giorgini) with Simonetta Colonna di Cesarò (/wiki/Simonetta_Colonna_di_Cesar%C3%B2) 's participation. [3] (#cite_note-3) It started out being called the “First Italian High Fashion Show” and was set in Giorgini's Villa Torrigiani. [4] (#cite_note-4) The exhibition provided a platform for raising the profile of Italian designers and now has achieved international stature as a leading fashion fair. Pitti Uomo is credited with making dandyism (/wiki/Dandyism) acceptable to a wider audience. [5] (#cite_note-5) The 88th edition of Pitti Uomo (Pitti 88) in June 2015 hosted 30,000 visitors in total. [6] (#cite_note-closing_figures-6) The Pitti Immagine Uomo 2015 Award went to Lardini (/wiki/Lardini) , and the Pitti Immagine Career Award was awarded to Nino Cerruti (/wiki/Nino_Cerruti) . [6] (#cite_note-closing_figures-6) Pitti Immagine Uomo 89 was held 12–15 January 2016 with 1,219 exhibitors. [7] (#cite_note-7) Pitti Uomo 90 was held in Florence 14–17 June 2016. [8] (#cite_note-8) Brands showed their Fall/Winter 2017 men's collections at Pitti Uomo 91 on 10–13 January 2017. [9] (#cite_note-9) Pitti Uomo 92 in June 2017 hosted 30,000 visitors and 1,220 brands (/wiki/Brand) in an exhibition area of 60,000 sq. meters. [10] (#cite_note-10) Carlo Rivetti, owner of the brand Stone Island (/wiki/Stone_Island) , has been an adviser of Pitti Immagine. Pitti Immagine Bimbo [ edit ] Pitti Immagine Bimbo: fashion collections from 0–14 years ("bimbo" is Italian for "baby"). Among the most long-lived of Pitti Immagine fairs, with more than 70 editions. In Florence, at the Fortezza da Basso twice a year. Private sector operators. Pitti Immagine Filati [ edit ] Pitti Immagine Filati: knitting yarn collections ("filati" is Italian for "yarns"). In Florence, at the Fortezza da Basso, two editions per year. Private sector operators. Taste [ edit ] Taste showcases products related to culture and food research. It's held at the Stazione Leopolda in Florence, once per year. Open only to professionals; at certain times is also open to the public. Moda Prima [ edit ] Fashion collections for men, women and children for the large retail chains. In Milan (/wiki/Milan) , twice a year. Private sector operators. Fragranze [ edit ] Collections of artistic perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) and essential oils (/wiki/Essential_oil) for the body and for the home. Held at the Stazione Leopolda in Florence once a year. Private sector operators; at certain times also open to the public. Super [ edit ] Women's ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) and accessories collections, held in Milan (/wiki/Milan) twice per year. Private sector operators. During the three days of SUPER 8 in September 2016, more than 5,100 buyers from nearly 50 countries saw collections presented by 142 brands. [11] (#cite_note-11) SUPER 9 was held 25–27 February 2017 at Porta Nuova Varesine, Piazza Lina Bo Bardi, Milano. [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Culture of Italy (/wiki/Culture_of_Italy) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) (in English) Pitti Immagine (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate.html) accessed 7/27/2013 ^ (#cite_ref-2) List of Exhibitors (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs/uomo/exhibitors.html?a=0&p=&g=) accessed January 13, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sonya Glyn NICHOLSON, 10 Takeaways from Pitti Uomo 89 (A/W 16) (http://parisiangentleman.co.uk/2016/01/18/10-takeaways-from-pitti-uomo-89-aw-16/) 18 Jan 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Rome, Wanted in (2023-01-09). "All you need to know about Pitti Immagine Uomo in Florence" (https://www.wantedinrome.com/news/all-you-need-to-know-about-pitti-immagine-uomo-in-florence.html) . Wanted in Rome . Retrieved 2023-10-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pitti’s Peacocks and the Liberation of Men’s Style (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2014/06/pittis-peacocks-liberation-mens-style.html) ROBIN MELLERY-PRATT 19 JUNE 2014 ^ Jump up to: a b pittimmagine.com Pitti Uomo 88: closing figures (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs/uomo/news/2015/closing1.html) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Pitti Uomo 89: Generations of Makers and.... records! With 1219 exhibitors at this edition! (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs/uomo/news/2016/PU89.html) Official page ^ (#cite_ref-8) Pitti Immagine Uomo (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs.html) Official page ^ (#cite_ref-9) Pitti Uomo (http://www.pittimmagine.com/corporate/fairs/uomo/specials/info.html) ^ (#cite_ref-10) PITTI UOMO 92: FACTS & FIGURES (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs/uomo/news/2017/numbersnew.html) pittimmagine.com/en ^ (#cite_ref-11) SUPER 8 closing figures (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs/super/news/2016/closingfigures.html) ^ (#cite_ref-12) SUPER 9 (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs/super.html) External links [ edit ] Tommy Ton (/wiki/Tommy_Ton) Pitti Uomo Fall 2013 (https://www.gq.com/style/street-style/201301/tommy-ton-pitti-uomo-fall-2013) January 11, 2013 GQ (/wiki/GQ) Tommy Ton (/wiki/Tommy_Ton) Pitti Uomo Spring 2014 (https://www.gq.com/style/street-style/201306/tommy-tons-street-style-pitti-uomo-spring-2014) June 19, 2013 GQ 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Ontario portal (/wiki/Portal:Ontario) By province or territory Alberta (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Alberta) British Columbia (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_British_Columbia) Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Nunavut Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Quebec) Saskatchewan Yukon NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐5mk95 Cached time: 20240715041014 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.130 seconds Real time usage: 0.162 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 46/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4134/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 16/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3485/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.096/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1511820/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 143.365 1 -total 61.81% 88.619 1 Template:CanadaByProvinceCatNav 37.91% 54.344 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69663803-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715041014 and revision id 1063490688. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Female models from Ontario" The following 72 pages are in this category, out of 72 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Lexie Adzija (/wiki/Lexie_Adzija) Jordan Alexander (/wiki/Jordan_Alexander) Aliyah (wrestler) (/wiki/Aliyah_(wrestler)) B Chanel Beckenlehner (/wiki/Chanel_Beckenlehner) Traci Brooks (/wiki/Traci_Brooks) C Chrystal Callahan (/wiki/Chrystal_Callahan) Jeannie Chan (/wiki/Jeannie_Chan) Keshia Chanté (/wiki/Keshia_Chant%C3%A9) Sasha Clements (/wiki/Sasha_Clements) Liskula Cohen (/wiki/Liskula_Cohen) D Charlotte D'Alessio (/wiki/Charlotte_D%27Alessio) Taryn Davidson (/wiki/Taryn_Davidson) Tenika Davis (/wiki/Tenika_Davis) Eleonora Dimakos (/wiki/Eleonora_Dimakos) Betty Dubiner (/wiki/Betty_Dubiner) E Mary Jo Eustace (/wiki/Mary_Jo_Eustace) Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) F Melyssa Ford (/wiki/Melyssa_Ford) Carly Foulkes (/wiki/Carly_Foulkes) Roslyn Fuller (/wiki/Roslyn_Fuller) G Denise Garrido (/wiki/Denise_Garrido) Sara Ghulam (/wiki/Sara_Ghulam) Natalie Glebova (/wiki/Natalie_Glebova) Camila Gonzalez (/wiki/Camila_Gonzalez) H Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) Winnie Harlow (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Adrianne Ho (/wiki/Adrianne_Ho) Sandrine Holt (/wiki/Sandrine_Holt) J Uppekha Jain (/wiki/Uppekha_Jain) L Amanda Laine (/wiki/Amanda_Laine) Sunny Leone (/wiki/Sunny_Leone) Anastasia Lin (/wiki/Anastasia_Lin) Cynthia Loewen (/wiki/Cynthia_Loewen) M Melanie Marden (/wiki/Melanie_Marden) Nobu McCarthy (/wiki/Nobu_McCarthy) Tanya Memme (/wiki/Tanya_Memme) Cynthia Menard (/wiki/Cynthia_Menard) Leyla Milani (/wiki/Leyla_Milani) Shay Mitchell (/wiki/Shay_Mitchell) Melissa Molinaro (/wiki/Melissa_Molinaro) Michelle Monkhouse (/wiki/Michelle_Monkhouse) Ashley Diana Morris (/wiki/Ashley_Diana_Morris) Bjanka Murgel (/wiki/Bjanka_Murgel) N Jayde Nicole (/wiki/Jayde_Nicole) O Lana Ogilvie (/wiki/Lana_Ogilvie) Kirsten Owen (/wiki/Kirsten_Owen) P Alyssa Nicole Pallett (/wiki/Alyssa_Nicole_Pallett) Alice Panikian (/wiki/Alice_Panikian) Kelly Sawyer Patricof (/wiki/Kelly_Sawyer_Patricof) Victoria Pratt (/wiki/Victoria_Pratt) R Monica Reeves (/wiki/Monica_Reeves) Jordan Claire Robbins (/wiki/Jordan_Claire_Robbins) Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) Kelly Rowan (/wiki/Kelly_Rowan) S Nancy Anne Sakovich (/wiki/Nancy_Anne_Sakovich) Christina Schmidt (/wiki/Christina_Schmidt) Monika Schnarre (/wiki/Monika_Schnarre) Eva Shaw (/wiki/Eva_Shaw) Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) Marta Stępień (/wiki/Marta_St%C4%99pie%C5%84) Trish Stratus (/wiki/Trish_Stratus) T Samantha Tajik (/wiki/Samantha_Tajik) Kate Todd (/wiki/Kate_Todd) V Mariana Valente (/wiki/Mariana_Valente) Vanity (singer) (/wiki/Vanity_(singer)) W Meaghan Waller (/wiki/Meaghan_Waller) Estella Warren (/wiki/Estella_Warren) Yasmin Warsame (/wiki/Yasmin_Warsame) Daria Werbowy (/wiki/Daria_Werbowy) Liis Windischmann (/wiki/Liis_Windischmann) Liisa Winkler (/wiki/Liisa_Winkler) Y Catalina Yue (/wiki/Catalina_Yue) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Ontario&oldid=1063490688 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Ontario&oldid=1063490688) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Canadian female models by province or territory (/wiki/Category:Canadian_female_models_by_province_or_territory) Models from Ontario (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Ontario) Women in Ontario (/wiki/Category:Women_in_Ontario) Hidden category: CanadaByProvinceCatNav with over 5 grey links (/wiki/Category:CanadaByProvinceCatNav_with_over_5_grey_links)
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Project Runway Vietnam Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_language) Nhà thiết kế thời trang Việt Nam Created by Eli Holzman (/wiki/Eli_Holzman) Starring Ngô Thanh Vân (/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_Thanh_V%C3%A2n) (2013-14) Đỗ Mạnh Cường (2013-14) Chloe Dao (/wiki/Chloe_Dao) (2013-14) Trương Ngọc Ánh (2014-) Thiên Hương (2013-) Công Trí (2014-) Country of origin Vietnam Original language Vietnamese No. of seasons 3 Production Executive producers Lê Thị Quỳnh Ryan Hoang Hubris (Season 1) (/w/index.php?title=Ryan_Hoang_Hubris_(Season_1)&action=edit&redlink=1) Running time 60 minutes Original release Network VTV3 (/wiki/VTV3) Release April 28, 2013 ( 2013-04-28 ) – present Project Runway Vietnam is a reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) program in Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) for training search and designer fashion by Multimedia company JSC, copyright holder and producer. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Seasons [ edit ] Season Premiere Date No. of Designers Winner Runner-up Designer Prizes Model Prizes International destination 1 April 28, 2013 12 Hoàng Minh Hà Châu Chấn Hưng A contract with CANIFA An 8-page editorial feature in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) Vietnam A cash prize of 500,000,000 ₫ (/wiki/%E2%82%AB) from CANIFA & Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) Vietnam A cash prize of 100,000,000 ₫ (/wiki/%E2%82%AB) from Maybelline. Paris (/wiki/Paris) 2 May 11, 2014 12 Lý Giám Tiền Hà Thị Hồng Lam A scholarship with Atelier Chardon Savard A contract with CANIFA An editorial feature in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) Vietnam Will present the collection in New York Couture Fashion Week 2014 Will present the collection in Vietnam International Fashion Week 2014 A Ceturyon membership from California Fitness & Yoga Center in 1-years A cash prize of 200,000,000₫ from Nokia (/wiki/Nokia) Vietnam A cash prize of 500,000,000₫ from CANIFA & Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) Vietnam A brand new Vespa Sprint (/wiki/Vespa_Sprint) Will be walking for the winner's collection in New York Couture Fashion Week 2014 Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) Paris (/wiki/Paris) 3 December 19, 2015 14 Nguyễn Tuyến Truyển Trần Hùng (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_H%C3%B9ng) A scholarship with Atelier Chardon Savard A 2-year contract with a fashion brand worth 300,000,000₫ Will present the collection in Vietnam International Fashion Week 2016 None Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) Season 1 [ edit ] The preliminary program was held attwo2 areas of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in mid-March 2013. Episode first aired at 20h on Sunday evening VTV3, starting from April 28, 2013. Top 3 of Project Runway Vietnam 2013 were taken to Paris by Harper's Bazaar . Designer [ edit ] Contestants Age Hometown Place finished Vũ Tùng Lâm 26 Ninh Bình (/wiki/Ninh_B%C3%ACnh) 12th Nguyễn Thị Trúc Phương 23 Cà Mau (/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau) 11th Lương Bá Tùng 42 San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) 9th/10th Phạm Hoàng Minh 26 Vĩnh Long (/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long) Nguyễn Thị Diễm My 23 Long An (/wiki/Long_An) 8th Đặng Hải Yến 24 Thái Nguyên (/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn) 7th Vũ Tiến Mạnh 24 Hanoi (/wiki/Hanoi) 6th Võ Hoàng Như Lan 24 Đồng Nai (/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai) 4th/5th Ngô Thái Bảo Loan 23 Bắc Ninh (/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh) Lâm Gia Khang 23 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) 3rd Châu Chấn Hưng 30 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) 2nd Hoàng Minh Hà 28 Đắk Lắk (/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk) Winner (Ages listed are the designers' ages at the time the show was taped in spring 2013.) Models [ edit ] The model winner received 100 million VND from Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) . 12 models: Hồng Nhung (eliminated - 12th) Phương Thảo (eliminated - 11th) prior Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 4) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_4)) Minh Thi (eliminated - 9/10th) semi-finalist from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_3)) Thanh Thảo (eliminated - 9/10th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_3)) Kate (Eliminated - 8th) Linh Ngân (eliminated - 6/7th) semi-finalist from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_3)) Lê Phương (Eliminated - 6/7th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 2) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_2)) Ngọc Thúy (Eliminated - 4/5th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_3)) Đỗ Hà (Eliminated - 4/5th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_3)) Nhã Trúc (Eliminated - 3rd) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 3) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_3)) Lam Giang (Eliminated - 2nd) Lệ Quyên ( Winner ) prior Hoa khôi áo dài / Miss World Vietnam 2014 Challenge [ edit ] Designer Elimination Chart Designer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Elimination Episodes Minh Hà HIGH HIGH IN HIGH LOW WIN WIN WINNER 8 - Memories of Paris Chấn Hưng WIN LOW WIN IN HIGH LOW HIGH OUT Gia Khang HIGH IN IN LOW WIN LOW HIGH OUT Bảo Loan IN LOW IN HIGH HIGH HIGH OUT 7 - Design the dress for Trương Ngọc Ánh for her event in Harper Bazaar's celemonies Như Lan IN WIN IN IN IN HIGH OUT Tiến Mạnh IN HIGH IN LOW LOW OUT 7 - Fall/ Winter Design for Model, Mother, and Children 6 - Design for Competitor & Design on Nokia Lumia 930 (/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_930) color Hải Yến IN IN IN WIN OUT Diễm My LOW IN LOW OUT 5 - Fashion Sports Couture Hoàng Minh LOW IN OUT 4 - Mini-collection for Canifa Bá Tùng IN IN OUT Trúc Phương IN OUT 3 - Design Based on Inspiration from Soldier Tùng Lâm OUT 2 - Furniture & Pool's Materials Outfits Results Green background and WINNER means the designer won Project Runway Vietnam . Blue background and WIN means the designer won that challenge. Turquoise background and HIGH means the designer came in second but did not win the challenge. Light blue background and HIGH means the designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. Pink background and LOW means the designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. Orange background and LOW means the designer was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated; Red background and OUT means the designer lost and was out of the competition. Model Elimination Table Model 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 (#endnote_1) 7 8 Lệ Quyên TM TM TM TM GK GK MH MH Lam Giang CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH Nhã Trúc GK GK HM GK NL NL GK GK Đỗ Hà TL BL BL BL BL BL BL 2 (#endnote_2) Ngọc Thúy NL NL NL NL MH MH NL 2 (#endnote_2) Lê Phương MH MH MH MH TM TM OUT Linh Ngân HY HY HY HY NP OUT Kate DM DM DM DM OUT Thanh Thảo BL HM GK OUT Minh Thi BT BT BT OUT Phương Thảo TP TP OUT Hồng Nhung HM OUT ^1 (#ref_1) : The models were not used in episode 6. ^2 (#ref_2) : Both designers and their models were eliminated at the end of episode. The model won Project Runway Vietnam. The model wore the winning design that challenge. The model wore the losing design that challenge. The model was eliminated. Designer Legend Minh Hà: MH Chấn Hưng: CH Gia Khang: GK Bảo Loan: BL Như Lan: NL Tiến Mạnh: TM Hải Yến: HY Diễm My: DM Hoàng Minh: HM Bá Tùng: BT Trúc Phương: TP Tùng Lâm: TL Season 2 [ edit ] Vietnam 2014 Project Runway is back with a whole new look. Preliminary program will be held at 2 areas of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in mid-March 2014. Episode first aired at 20h on Sunday evening VTV3, starting from May 11, 2014. The winner of this season of Project Runway Vietnam received an editorial feature in an issue of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) magazine with 200,000,000 ₫ , a scholarship from Atelier Chardon Savard, a cash prize of 300,000,000 ₫ from Canifa and joining with the design team of Canifa. a cash prize of 200,000,000 ₫ from Nokia Vietnam (/wiki/Nokia) , a 450,000,000 ₫ 1 years Ceturyon member ship from California Fitness (/wiki/California_Fitness) . Top 3 of Project Runway Vietnam 2014 will be taking to Paris (/wiki/Paris) by Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) and the Top 5 will be taking to Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) with Elise (/w/index.php?title=Elise_(fashion)&action=edit&redlink=1) . Designer [ edit ] Contestants Age Hometown Place Finished Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 22 Đắk Lắk (/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk) 12th Phạm Đặng Khánh 22 Quảng Ninh (/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ninh) 11th Lê Đình Chiến 25 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) 9th/10th Nguyễn Thị Thảo 24 Thanh Hóa (/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a) Đặng Tuấn Vũ 23 Long An (/wiki/Long_An) 8th Tô Phan Diệu Linh 19 Hanoi (/wiki/Hanoi) 6th/7th Nguyễn Hoàng Nguyên Phong 24 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) Doãn Thùy Nga 26 Hưng Yên (/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn) 4th/5th Nguyễn Minh Công 20 Vĩnh Long (/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long) Phan Nguyễn Minh Quân 31 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) 3rd Hà Thị Hồng Lam 25 Cà Mau (/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau) 2nd Lý Giám Tiền 18 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) Winner (ages listed are the designers' ages at the time the show was taped in the summer of 2014.) Model [ edit ] 12 model will battle to catwalk on New York Couture Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) are: Kim Thoa (Eliminated - 12th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 4) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_4)) Lý Mỹ Dinh (Eliminated - 11th) Văn Kiên (Eliminated - 9/10th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 4) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_4)) Phạm Công Toàn (Eliminated - 9/10th) prior Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 5) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_5)) Tùng Anh (Eliminated - 8th) Nguyễn Quyên (Eliminated - 6/7th) Quang Đại (Eliminated - 6/7th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 4) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_4)) Cao Ngân (Eliminated - 4/5th) prior Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 5) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_5)) Nguyễn Thanh (Eliminated - 4/5th) from Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 4) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_4)) Thúy Hạnh (Eliminated - 3rd) Anh Thư (Eliminated - 2nd) prior Hoa khôi Áo dài / Miss World Vietnam 2014 Chế Nguyễn Quỳnh Châu ( Winner ) prior Vietnam's Next Top Model (cycle 5) (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_5)) Challenge [ edit ] Designer Elimination Chart Designer 2 3 4 1 (#endnote_1) 5 6 7 8 9 Elimination Episodes Giám Tiền WIN WIN HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH WIN WINNER 9 - Memories of Paris Hồng Lam IN IN IN WIN LOW LOW HIGH OUT Minh Quân IN HIGH HIGH HIGH WIN WIN HIGH OUT Minh Công IN IN LOW IN HIGH HIGH OUT 8 - Remodernized 1960's Thùy Nga IN IN IN LOW LOW LOW 3 (#endnote_3) OUT Nguyên Phong HIGH IN IN LOW 2 (#endnote_2) IN OUT 7 - Fall/ Winter Design for Model, Mother, and Children 6 - Design for Competitor & Design on Nokia Lumia 930 (/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_930) color Diệu Linh IN HIGH WIN IN LOW OUT Tuấn Vũ LOW LOW IN OUT 5 - Fashion Sports Couture Đình Chiến LOW IN OUT 4 - Mini-collection for Canifa Nguyễn Thảo HIGH LOW OUT Đặng Khánh IN OUT 3 - Design Based on Inspiration from Soldier Lan Anh OUT 2 - Furniture & Pool's Materials Outfits ^1 (#ref_1) : Initially, Tien won the second challenge while Linh and Quan came in second and third respectively. However, in the following episode, he was accused of cheating by his fellow competitors because they believed he used his own money purchase extra materials, which wasn't allowed in this competition. Despite host Truong Ngoc Anh said his work was deserved to win, but due to his regulatory violation, she stripped off his triumph and passed the challenged award to Linh. ^2 (#ref_2) : Phong originally was appreciated by judge with the best creative design but he was accused of copying Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) design in a Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) magazine and was in bottom two with Vu. ^3 (#ref_3) : At first Thuy Nga was originally eliminated with fellow competitors Nguyen Phong and Dieu Linh. However due to guest judge, Luu Nga's kindness, Thuy Nga was given an opportunity to travel with the group to Korea. This led to tension between the other judges but, they reluctantly allowed Thuy Nga to continue the competition and therefore saving Thuy Nga from elimination. Results Green background and WINNER means the designer won Project Runway Vietnam . Blue background and WIN means the designer won that challenge. Turquoise background and HIGH means the designer came in second but did not win the challenge. Light blue background and HIGH means the designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. Pink background and LOW means the designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. Orange background and LOW means the designer was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated; Red background and OUT means the designer lost and was out of the competition. Model Elimination Table Model 2 3 1 (#endnote_1) 4 5 6 7 8 2 (#endnote_2) 9 Quỳnh Châu GT GT GT HL HL TN TN GT GT Anh Thư HL TN TN MQ TN MQ MQ HL HL Thúy Hạnh TV NT NT DL MC MC MC MQ MQ Nguyễn Thanh DL DL MQ MC DL HL GT OUT Cao Ngân NP MQ TV TV GT GT HL OUT Quang Đại MQ TV DL GT MQ DL OUT Nguyễn Quyên NT ĐC HL NP NP NP OUT Tùng Anh TN ĐK NP TN OUT Toàn Phạm ĐC NP ĐC OUT Văn Kiên LA MC MC OUT Mỹ Dinh ĐK HL OUT Kim Thoa MC OUT ^1 (#ref_1) : Due to Tien's regulatory violation, Linh inherited the award. Thus, Nguyen Thanh is a model who wore the winning design challenge. ^2 (#ref_2) : After revealed Top 3 designers, they had to choose one model, who became their vedette in the final show. The model won Project Runway Vietnam. The model wore the winning design that challenge. The model wore the losing design that challenge. The model was eliminated. Designer Legend Giám Tiền: GT Hồng Lam: HL Minh Quân: MQ Minh Công: MC Thùy Nga: TN Diệu Linh: DL Nguyên Phong: NP Tuấn Vũ: TV Đình Chiến: ĐC Nguyễn Thảo: NT Đặng Khánh: ĐK Lan Anh: LA Season 3 [ edit ] Third season was hashtag: #passionwins (mean #songvoidamme) Designer [ edit ] Contestants Age Hometown Place Finished Lê Thị Trang 24 Hai Phong (/wiki/Hai_Phong) 13th/14th Lê Thị Huyền Trang 25 Thanh Hoa (/wiki/Thanh_Hoa) Phạm Anh Dũng 22 Hanoi (/wiki/Hanoi) 12th Nguyễn Hải Yến 23 Hanoi (/wiki/Hanoi) 10th/11th Lê Văn Thảo 23 Binh Phuoc (/wiki/Binh_Phuoc) Phan Quốc An 25 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) 7th-9th Lê Thị Ngọc Bích 26 Đắk Lắk (/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk) Lê Minh Tuấn Phương 25 Tay Ninh (/wiki/Tay_Ninh) Lê Châu Kha 32 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) 4th-6th Trần Nguyễn Anh Minh 25 Can Tho (/wiki/Can_Tho) Hà Thị Thông 28 Hanoi (/wiki/Hanoi) Nguyễn Minh Giang Tú 23 Đắk Lắk (/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk) 3rd Trần Hùng (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_H%C3%B9ng) 27 Yen Bai (/wiki/Yen_Bai) 2nd Nguyễn Tuyến Truyển 22 Ho Chi Minh City (/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City) Winner Tiền Truyển celebrated his 22nd birthday in the filming week of episode 2. (ages listed are the designers' ages at the time the show was taped in the spring of 20 Challenge [ edit ] Designer Elimination Chart Designer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Elimination Episodes Tuyến Truyển IN WIN IN HIGH WIN LOW WINNER 7 - Inspired of Asia (/w/index.php?title=Project_Runway_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1) Trần Hùng (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_H%C3%B9ng) HIGH HIGH IN HIGH WIN WIN OUT Giang Tú WIN HIGH LOW LOW WIN LOW OUT Châu Kha IN IN IN IN HIGH OUT 6 - Spring on homeland Anh Minh IN LOW WIN IN LOW OUT Hà Thông IN IN IN LOW LOW OUT Quốc An IN IN IN IN OUT 5 - Colours of Summer Ngọc Bích IN IN LOW HIGH OUT Tuấn Phương HIGH IN IN IN OUT Hải Yến HIGH LOW OUT 3 - All Stars - The story of the stars Văn Thảo HIGH IN OUT Anh Dũng IN OUT 2 - Fields after harvest Lê Trang OUT 1 - Fashion party Huyền Trang OUT In episode 4, Giang Tú would be eliminated, but Tùng Leo want to be stay for Giang Tú for another week. Next week, Giang Tú would be penalty 5-hours (25 hours remain), and the rest will be fully 30 hours. Results Green background and WINNER means the designer won Project Runway Vietnam . Blue background and WIN means the designer won that challenge. Turquoise background and HIGH means the designer came in second but did not win the challenge. Light blue background and HIGH means the designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. Pink background and LOW means the designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. Orange background and LOW means the designer was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated; Red background and OUT means the designer lost and was out of the competitionơ Model Elimination Table Episode CK GT QA NB TT HY TP VT HT AD TH AM 2 H'hen Niê Hoành Oanh Đào Thu Nguyễn Hợp Kiều Nga Anh Thư Lại Thanh Phương Hân Nguyễn Hồng Xuân Bảo Vy Bích Trâm Kim Phương 3 Tiêu Châu Như Quỳnh Phạm Hồng Phước Quang Bảo Minh Thư Thái Trinh Vũ Cát Tường S.T 365 Loki Bảo Long Lý Bình OUT Thúc Lĩnh Will 365 4 Kim Phương Dương Thanh Anh Thư Kiều Ngân Trúc Linh OUT Bảo Ngọc OUT Phương Trinh Kim Chi Thanh Tuyền 5 Anh Quân Hương Ly K'Brơi Mâu Thủy Ngọc Tình Cao Ngân Nguyễn Oanh Thanh Tuyền Kim Phương 6 Kikki Lê Kim Nhung OUT OUT Chà Mi OUT Quỳnh Chi Hương Ly Thanh Thủy 7 OUT OUT OUT The model won Project Runway Vietnam. The model wore the winning design that challenge. The model wore the losing design that challenge. The model was eliminated. Designer Legend Châu Kha: CK Giang Tú: GT Quốc An: QA Ngọc Bích: NB Tuyến Truyển: TT Hải Yến: HY Tuấn Phương: TP Văn Thảo: VT Hà Thông: HT Anh Dũng: AD Trần Hùng (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_H%C3%B9ng) : TH Anh Minh: AM References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Controversial: Project Runway Vietnam contestants let male models don females' outfits" (https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/lifestyle/20150514/controversial-project-runway-vietnam-contestants-let-male-models-don-females%E2%80%99-outfits/9615.html) . Tuoi Tre News . 2015-05-14 . Retrieved 2023-09-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Lancement de la 3e saison de Project Runway Vietnam" (https://lecourrier.vn/lancement-de-la-3e-saison-de-project-runway-vietnam/208834.html) . lecourrier.vn (in French) . Retrieved 2023-09-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "2014 Project Runway Vietnam finale on air, promising surprises" (https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/lifestyle/20140514/2014-project-runway-vietnam-finale-on-air-promising-surprises/13641.html) . Tuoi Tre News . 2014-05-14 . 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Soft, thin leather often used for gloves Pair of infant's kidskin boots, 1890s. LACMA (/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art) , M.54.21.4a-b Kidskin or kid leather is a type of soft, thin leather (/wiki/Leather) that is traditionally used for gloves (/wiki/Glove) (hence the phrase ' kid gloves (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kid_gloves) ,' used since at least 1888 as a metaphor for careful handling). [1] (#cite_note-1) It is widely used for other fashion purposes such as footwear and clothing. Kidskin is traditionally made from goatskin (/wiki/Goatskin_(material)) - more specifically, the skin of young goats (/wiki/Goat) (or 'kids'), although equivalent leathers such as lambskin (/wiki/Sheepskin) and chickenskin (actually a form of calfskin (/wiki/Calfskin) ) give the same effect. [2] (#cite_note-2) Usage [ edit ] Kid leather is, and has been used for a number of purposes other than gloves and footwear. Early flexible hair rollers (/wiki/Hair_roller) were sometimes made from kidskin, giving a very tight curl. [3] (#cite_note-3) Papermaking [ edit ] While vellum (/wiki/Vellum) is often made using calfskin, kidskin can also be used and in some cases, was preferred. David Laurent de Lara (/wiki/David_Laurent_de_Lara) , describing himself as illuminating artist (/wiki/Limner) to Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) , favoured Italian kid vellum for his work. [4] (#cite_note-4) A form of early medieval parchment, called carta lustra , acting as tracing paper (/wiki/Tracing_paper) was made using kidskin. [5] (#cite_note-5) Dolls [ edit ] Kid was particularly widely used in doll-making during the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a popular material for both French and German doll bodies, particularly fashion dolls (/wiki/Fashion_doll) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Musical instruments [ edit ] Kid-leather is often used in the construction of musical instruments such as the bag of the tsampouna (/wiki/Tsampouna) , a form of Greek bagpipes (/wiki/Bagpipes) . [8] (#cite_note-8) It was also an option for drumheads (/wiki/Drumhead) such as those on tambourines (/wiki/Tambourine) , [9] (#cite_note-9) and specifically, on the Bulgarian daire (/wiki/Dayereh) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Industrial uses [ edit ] The Dalén light (/wiki/Dal%C3%A9n_light) , used in lighthouses, uses a paraffin-wax saturated kidskin diaphragm (/wiki/Diaphragm_(mechanical_device)) in its construction. [11] (#cite_note-11) Types [ edit ] Vici kid advertisement in Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(American_magazine_1913%E2%80%931936)) , 1924 In 1916 it was noted that there were over sixty types of goatskin, distinguished by the tanning (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) and finishing processes used. [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Some of these types are: Bronze kid - Cochineal (/wiki/Cochineal) -dyed for a bronzed (/wiki/Bronze) finish. [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Cadet kid [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Cheveril - A very flexible kid leather used in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. [13] (#cite_note-13) Diphera - Mid-19th century type of fine kid used for bonnets (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) . [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Dongola - Skin from the sheep, kangaroo or goat. [16] (#cite_note-16) French kid - A high quality kidskin. [17] (#cite_note-17) Glacé (or glazed) kid - Extremely glossy, shiny finish, often made in more readily available sheepskin, although true kidskin makes better quality glacé kid. [18] (#cite_note-18) Gold (or silver) kid - Kidskin gilded (/wiki/Gilded) for a metallic finish. [19] (#cite_note-19) Kangaroo kid - Kidskin finished to emulate kangaroo (/wiki/Kangaroo) leather. [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Mat kid - Beeswax and olive-oil treated kidskin with a dull, soft matte finish. [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) [20] (#cite_note-20) Morocco (/wiki/Morocco_leather) [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Patent (/wiki/Patent_leather) kid - japanned (/wiki/Japanning) leather. [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Pebbled [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Royal kid [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) Suede (/wiki/Suede) kid - Kidskin with a suede finish. [21] (#cite_note-21) Vici kid - A trademark for high quality chrome-tanned kidskin with a soap and oil finish, developed by Robert H. Foerderer (/wiki/Robert_H._Foerderer) in Philadelphia in the mid-1880s. [12] (#cite_note-allen-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Victor, Terry; Dalzell, Tom (2007). The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English . Routledge. p. 381. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1134615346 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cumming, Valerie (1982). Gloves (Reprinted. ed.). London: Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780713410082 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Suga, Yusuke; Penney, Alexandra (1980). Beautiful hair by Suga (1st ed.). New York: Random House. pp. 50–52. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780394507507 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Laurent de Lara, David (1860). Elementary instruction in the art of illumination and missal painting on vellum . London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts. p. 60. ^ (#cite_ref-5) de Hamel, Christopher (2001). The British Library guide to manuscript illumination : history and techniques . Toronto: British Library. p. 62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780802081735 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Herlocher, Dawn (2008). Collectible Dolls . Krause Publications. p. 110. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781440219214 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) A Child's World of Long Ago . Hudson River Museum. 1975. pp. 3–4. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lomax Wood, Anna (2012). "Kalymnian Tsambóuna and Song Repertoire in the Family of Nikitas Tsimouris" (https://books.google.com/books?id=1iRNQMHnZV8C&pg=PA99) . In Bucuvalas, Tina (ed.). The Florida folklife reader . Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. p. 99. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781617031403 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Nicholson, William (1821). American Edition of the British Encyclopedia: Or, Dictionary of Arts and Sciences ; Comprising an Accurate and Popular View of the Present Improved State of Human Knowledge, Volume 8 . Mitchell, Ames and White. p. 261. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Buchanan, Donna A. (2006). Performing democracy : Bulgarian music and musicians in transition . Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]: Univ. of Chicago Press. p. 482 (https://archive.org/details/performingdemocr0083buch/page/482) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780226078267 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Renton, Alan (2000). Lost sounds . Latheronwheel: Whittles. p. 10. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781870325837 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Allen, Frederick J. (1916). The Shoe Industry . Рипол Классик. pp. 96–97. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9785874447977 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C. Willett (/wiki/C._Willett_Cunnington) ; Cunnington, Phillis (/wiki/Phillis_Cunnington) (2010). The dictionary of fashion history (New ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Berg. p. 243. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847885333 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 88. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 89. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 112. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Garner Bennett, Hugh (1981). Animal Proteins . Library of Alexandria. pp. 156–157. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781465562722 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 122. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 188. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 281. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . v t e Leather (/wiki/Leather) Types Aniline (/wiki/Aniline_leather) Bicast (/wiki/Bicast_leather) Boiled (/wiki/Boiled_leather) Bonded (/wiki/Bonded_leather) Buckskin (/wiki/Buckskin_(leather)) Chamois (/wiki/Chamois_leather) Corinthian (/wiki/Corinthian_leather) Kidskin Law leather (/wiki/Law_leather) Morocco (/wiki/Morocco_leather) Napa (/wiki/Napa_leather) Nubuck (/wiki/Nubuck) Patent (/wiki/Patent_leather) Russia (/wiki/Russia_leather) Shagreen (/wiki/Shagreen) Shearling (/wiki/Shearling) Shell cordovan (/wiki/Shell_cordovan) Suede (/wiki/Suede) Leather sources Alligator (/wiki/Alligator_leather) Bison (/wiki/Bison) Cattle (/wiki/Cattle) Calfskin (/wiki/Calfskin) Slunk (/wiki/Slunk) Crocodile (/wiki/Crocodile_skin) Deer (/wiki/Deer) Eel (/wiki/Pacific_hagfish) Goat (/wiki/Goat) Horse (/wiki/Horse) Kangaroo (/wiki/Kangaroo_leather) Ostrich (/wiki/Ostrich_leather) Pig (/wiki/Pig) Seal (/wiki/Sealskin) Sheep (/wiki/Sheepskin) Snake (/wiki/Snakeskin) Yak (/wiki/Yak) Processes (/wiki/Leather_production_processes) Liming (/wiki/Liming_(leather_processing)) Deliming (/wiki/Deliming) Bating (/wiki/Bating_(leather)) Tanning (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) Oiling (/wiki/Oiling_(leather_processing)) Crafting (/wiki/Leather_crafting) Bookbinding (/wiki/Bookbinding) Cuir de Cordoue (/wiki/Cuir_de_Cordoue) Leather carving (/wiki/Leather_carving) Substitutes Artificial leather / Leatherette (/wiki/Artificial_leather) Kirza (/wiki/Kirza) Naugahyde (/wiki/Naugahyde) Presstoff (/wiki/Presstoff) Ultrasuede (/wiki/Ultrasuede) Alcantara (/wiki/Alcantara_(material)) Clarino (/wiki/Clarino) Leather museums German Leather Museum (/wiki/German_Leather_Museum) Igualada Leather Museum (/wiki/Igualada_Leather_Museum) Walsall Leather Museum (/wiki/Walsall_Leather_Museum) Leather Archives and Museum (/wiki/Leather_Archives_and_Museum) British Museum leather dressing (/wiki/British_Museum_leather_dressing) Related History of hide materials (/wiki/History_of_hide_materials) Leather subculture (/wiki/Leather_subculture) Rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(material)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐fw5fg Cached time: 20240721190916 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.341 seconds Real time usage: 0.403 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1284/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 47500/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 537/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 87915/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.232/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4999873/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 357.128 1 -total 55.98% 199.924 1 Template:Reflist 48.00% 171.425 21 Template:Cite_book 21.77% 77.734 1 Template:Leather 21.18% 75.646 1 Template:Navbox 18.71% 66.805 1 Template:Short_description 12.18% 43.499 2 Template:Pagetype 3.51% 12.533 3 Template:Main_other 2.95% 10.548 1 Template:SDcat 0.58% 2.061 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43518957-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721190916 and revision id 1181107911. 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This is the latest accepted revision (/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes) , reviewed (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Tess_Holliday) on 17 July 2024 . American plus-size model Tess Holliday Holliday in 2020 Born Ryann Maegen Hoven ( 1985-07-05 ) July 5, 1985 (age 39) Laurel, Mississippi (/wiki/Laurel,_Mississippi) , U.S. Other names Tess Munster Occupation(s) Model, make-up artist, blogger Years active 2000, 2010–present Spouse Nick Holliday ( m. 2015; div. 2020) Children 2 Modeling information Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Agency Mavrick Artists Agency, Milk Model Management Ryann Maegen Hoven (born July 5, 1985), [1] (#cite_note-1) known professionally as Tess Holliday and formerly known as Tess Munster , is an American plus-size model (/wiki/Plus-size_model) , blogger, and make-up artist based in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [2] (#cite_note-glamour2-2) [3] (#cite_note-etonline-3) Early life [ edit ] Holliday was born and raised in Laurel (/wiki/Laurel,_Mississippi) , Mississippi (/wiki/Mississippi) . [4] (#cite_note-nydailynews-4) Her mother left her father when Holliday was a young child, and Holliday claims her family moved 40 times before she turned 10. [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) In June 1995, her mother was paralyzed and disabled after she was shot twice in the head by her fiancé, who was charged with attempted murder. [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) At the age of 10, [6] (#cite_note-today1-6) Holliday and her brother moved back to their grandparents' house in Mississippi while their mother recovered. [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) Holliday was bullied from fifth grade on for her weight and pale skin, [7] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva1-7) having a disabled mother, [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) and because they lived in a trailer behind her grandparents' house. [6] (#cite_note-today1-6) She left school at the age of 17 and earned her GED (/wiki/General_Educational_Development) . [7] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva1-7) Holliday has also alleged that her father verbally abused her for her size, but that her mother encouraged her to become a model. [7] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva1-7) Holliday has severed contact with her father. [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) Career [ edit ] At the age of 15, [8] (#cite_note-chardline-8) while she was a US size 16 (UK 18/20) and 5 feet 3 inches tall, [9] (#cite_note-theguardian1-9) Holliday auditioned at a casting call for plus models in Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)) , where she was told she would be lucky to do print advertisements or catalogue work because she was too short and big. [4] (#cite_note-nydailynews-4) [10] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag1-10) Subsequently, Holliday relocated to Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) where she stayed for two years and worked as a make-up artist, hair stylist and creative director at fashion shows. She then moved back to Mississippi and gave birth to her son (at the age of 20). Then, following Hurricane Katrina (/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina) , she returned to Seattle [10] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag1-10) (where she had some pictures taken for her then-boyfriend and posted them on Model Mayhem (/wiki/Model_Mayhem) [11] (#cite_note-Tess_Munster-11) in October 2009) [12] (#cite_note-modelmayhem-12) then she moved to Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) in 2010. [10] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag1-10) Her move to Los Angeles helped her gain confidence. [7] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva1-7) [13] (#cite_note-bakeanddestroy-13) She became a professional model in 2011 while working as a receptionist at a Los Angeles dental office. [4] (#cite_note-nydailynews-4) She responded to 'House of Dreams Model Search' by Torrid (/wiki/Torrid_(clothing_retailer)) and was accepted. [10] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag1-10) At the same time, A&E (/wiki/A%26E_(TV_channel)) chose her to be the face of documentary television series Heavy (/wiki/Heavy_(TV_series)) [10] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag1-10) after being discovered online. [7] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva1-7) [13] (#cite_note-bakeanddestroy-13) In June 2011, [11] (#cite_note-Tess_Munster-11) she became the face of the television show and was on an advert that ran nationwide and billboards across the country. [8] (#cite_note-chardline-8) Holliday has been featured on "fatshion" blogs, she models accessories and plus size clothing lines, and was contacted to audition for Vh1 (/wiki/Vh1) 's The Big Girls Club . [14] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag2-14) [15] (#cite_note-reahnorman-15) She has shot a campaign for Benefit Cosmetics (/wiki/Benefit_Cosmetics) , worked with David LaChapelle (/wiki/David_LaChapelle) , featured in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) [16] (#cite_note-people1-16) and appeared in Nylon magazine (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) . [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) In 2014, Holliday quit her day job at the dental office [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) to pursue modelling full time. [17] (#cite_note-parade-17) In May 2014, a video was uploaded on Vimeo (/wiki/Vimeo) called #everyBODYisflawless (/wiki/EveryBODYisflawless) , which featured Holliday and fellow plus-size fashion bloggers and models Gabi Gregg and Nadia Aboulhosn (/wiki/Nadia_Aboulhosn) lip-synching and dancing to Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) 's 2013 song " Flawless (/wiki/Flawless_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ". [18] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost1-18) In September of that year, she was interviewed by Jacob Soboroff (/wiki/Jacob_Soboroff) and Meghan McCain (/wiki/Meghan_McCain) on TakePart Live (/wiki/TakePart_Live) . [19] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag3-19) In January 2015, London-based modeling agency Milk Model Management announced that they had signed Holliday to their plus-size division, Curves. They declared that Holliday had become the largest plus-size model of her size and height to be signed to a mainstream modeling agency (/wiki/Modeling_agency) [4] (#cite_note-nydailynews-4) and the first Curve model above a size 20. [20] (#cite_note-racked-20) In May, she had her first agency shoot. [21] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost3-21) In March 2014, Holliday became the first model over size 18 to model Monif Clarke's clothing line after she was hired as the face of the latest campaign for her swimwear line Sea by Monif C - a line that is specifically designed for women sizes 14–24. [ citation needed ] In the same month, she modeled for Torrid (/wiki/Torrid_(clothing_retailer)) . [22] (#cite_note-usmagazine1-22) [23] (#cite_note-glamour1-23) [24] (#cite_note-bustle3-24) She also collaborated with the plus size clothing retailer Yours Clothing for the second time when she was officially announced as the face of their high summer campaign. [25] (#cite_note-irishexaminer-25) [26] (#cite_note-ijreview-26) In May 2015, she was featured on the cover of People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . [27] (#cite_note-people3-27) In September 2015, Holliday starred in H&M (/wiki/H%26M) 's sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) campaign alongside singer Iggy Pop (/wiki/Iggy_Pop) , artist Daniel Lismore (/wiki/Daniel_Lismore) , sex blogger Karley Sciortino and blogger Pardeep Singh Bahra. [28] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost8-28) In the same month, she starred in Addition Elle (/wiki/Addition_Elle) 's fall 2015 capsule collection campaign. [29] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost7-29) [30] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva4-30) In the same month, she also confirmed that she was in the process of designing her own clothing line. [31] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost9-31) In November of the same year, she was involved in a fashion shoot for Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) UK ' s December 2015 issue. [32] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost10-32) In January 2016, Canadian plus-size retailer Penningtons (/wiki/Penningtons) announced that the brand has partnered with Holliday to release a capsule collection bearing her name under their mblm label. [33] (#cite_note-plus-model-mag5-33) Activism [ edit ] Holliday also self-describes as a "body positive activist". [17] (#cite_note-parade-17) She embraces the word 'fat' and advocates that people should be able to eat as much and whatever they want without suffering from social ostracism. [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) In 2013, she started her #effyourbeautystandards movement on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . Holliday claims the movement shows women that they do not have to be a certain size to love their body (big or small) and that their size should not dictate their fashion choices. [34] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva3-34) [35] (#cite_note-dailyvenusdiva2-35) Since February 2015, [36] (#cite_note-independent3-36) Holliday has employed a team of six social media specialists to help manage her message across the world. [31] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost9-31) [37] (#cite_note-instyle-37) She has said that the movement has led to women letting her know that they now feel good about how they look and wear what they like. [38] (#cite_note-people2-38) She also talks at public events about body confidence. [39] (#cite_note-birminghammail-39) In February 2014, Holliday appeared on Channel 4 News (/wiki/Channel_4_News) . [40] (#cite_note-channel4-40) In April 2015, she was interviewed by Meredith Vieira (/wiki/Meredith_Vieira) on The Meredith Vieira Show (/wiki/The_Meredith_Vieira_Show) . [41] (#cite_note-meredithvieirashow-41) In the same month, she appeared on Plus Sized Wars , a Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) documentary about changing beauty standards [42] (#cite_note-independent1-42) and explores the fast-growing plus-size fashion industry. [43] (#cite_note-bestdaily-43) In August 2015, Holliday demanded a boycott of Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) , Instagram and Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) accounts under the name 'Project Harpoon', which photoshopped (/wiki/Photo_manipulation) her image and images of other women including Rebel Wilson (/wiki/Rebel_Wilson) and Melissa McCarthy (/wiki/Melissa_McCarthy) to make them appear slimmer without authorization. [44] (#cite_note-independent2-44) In September 2015, she criticized Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) for their limited amount of plus-size clothing options. [45] (#cite_note-mtv-45) [46] (#cite_note-inquisitr1-46) [47] (#cite_note-inquisitr2-47) In a January 2016 interview with Paper (/wiki/Paper_(magazine)) , [48] (#cite_note-papermag-48) Holliday stated that she embraces the term "plus-size" and disagrees with other people's rejection of it. [49] (#cite_note-vogue-49) [50] (#cite_note-usmagazine2-50) She discussed how she does see how the term as negative [51] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost11-51) or derogatory and thought the term is 'very important' for larger women to have their own labels. [52] (#cite_note-sundayworld1-52) Controversy [ edit ] In late 2014, Holliday began producing a series of T-shirts with the phrase "Eff Your Beauty Standards", with some of the proceeds being donated to an organization that helps survivors of domestic violence (/wiki/Domestic_violence) . [53] (#cite_note-refinery293-53) In December, approximately 140 orders failed to deliver to customers, though about 3000 orders were successful. [54] (#cite_note-bustle6-54) A post on Reddit (/wiki/Reddit) accused her of withholding money promised to charity, as well as not delivering her products. [55] (#cite_note-people4-55) In December 2015, Holliday told Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) that the project was launched with "pure intentions" and "My mother and I are both victims of [domestic violence]." She said, "The idea that I would willfully defraud the people who have supported me along the way, and a charity that touches on my own family's struggles, is so upsetting." [53] (#cite_note-refinery293-53) Holliday admits that she did not know how to handle the logistics of the project, [53] (#cite_note-refinery293-53) was unable to keep up with orders, and takes responsibility for some customers not receiving the merchandise they paid for. [55] (#cite_note-people4-55) "The system we were using just didn't work," she said, attributing missing merchandise to "one big batch that was lost by the post office" and "usual business discrepancies". She was unable to make the charity donation after paying "thousands and thousands of dollars" out of pocket to a shipping and distribution center to ensure issues with merchandise would be resolved, which "ate up what little [was] left of the profits". She said, adding that she has given a "substantial contribution" to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (/wiki/National_Coalition_Against_Domestic_Violence) . [53] (#cite_note-refinery293-53) In January 2016, National Coalition Against Domestic Violence's Development Manager Dina Coates Koebler confirmed, "A donation in the amount of $1,000 was made to our organization on 12/13/2015 by Ms. Hoven." [54] (#cite_note-bustle6-54) Personal life [ edit ] At the age of 20, Holliday gave birth to her son Rylee. In June 2015, The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) reported she no longer had any contact with her son's father. [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) In 2012, Holliday met Australian businessman, photographer and artist [56] (#cite_note-smh2-56) Nick Holliday on Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) . They talked online for seven months before Holliday traveled to the U.S. to visit, [56] (#cite_note-smh2-56) and in April 2015, [57] (#cite_note-today2-57) he moved from Melbourne to the U.S. [5] (#cite_note-theguardian2-5) On July 5, 2014, they got engaged. They secretly wed one year later on July 5, 2015. [58] (#cite_note-58) In January 2016, it was announced that Holliday was pregnant and expected to give birth in June. [59] (#cite_note-people-59) Holliday gave birth to her second son in June 2016. She and Nick Holliday have since divorced, describing the marriage as having been abusive. [60] (#cite_note-60) She was born Ryann Hoven but changed her name to Tess Munster (a surname she chose because she liked the television sitcom The Munsters (/wiki/The_Munsters) ) when she started doing alternative modeling and has also used the name Tess Typhoon. [61] (#cite_note-time-61) In January 2015, she adopted and officially started using her fiancé's surname. [4] (#cite_note-nydailynews-4) In 2019, Holliday came out as pansexual (/wiki/Pansexuality) . [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) In 2021, Holliday claimed that she was in recovery from atypical anorexia (/wiki/Other_specified_feeding_or_eating_disorder) . [64] (#cite_note-64) Holliday states that she is 5 feet 5 inches (165 cm) tall and that she wears a US dress size 22 or 3x. [4] (#cite_note-nydailynews-4) [65] (#cite_note-tumblr-65) She is heavily tattooed, including a Miss Piggy (/wiki/Miss_Piggy) tattoo on her right outer forearm, a Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) tattoo on her right inner forearm, a Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) tattoo on her left bicep, a plus-size mermaid tattoo on her right upper thigh, a Hello Kitty (/wiki/Hello_Kitty) tattoo on her right calf and a Dolly Parton (/wiki/Dolly_Parton) tattoo on her right arm. [17] (#cite_note-parade-17) [66] (#cite_note-businessinsider-66) She also has a septum piercing (/wiki/Septum_piercing) . [53] (#cite_note-refinery293-53) See also [ edit ] Fat acceptance movement (/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement) Health at Every Size (/wiki/Health_at_Every_Size) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rekstis, Emily (July 6, 2020). "Tess Holliday Poses in a String Bikini to Celebrate Her 35th Birthday" (https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/tess-holliday-in-a-string-bikini-celebrating-35th-birthday-pic/) . Us Magazine (/wiki/Us_Magazine) . Retrieved August 6, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-glamour2_2-0) Ogunnaike, Nikki (May 20, 2015). "Plus-Size Model Tess Holliday Lands a People Cover: 5 Things to Know About Her" (http://www.glamour.com/fashion/blogs/dressed/2015/05/tess-holliday-people-magazine) . Glamour Fashion . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-etonline_3-0) Boone, John (May 20, 2015). "Everything You Need to Know About Tess Holliday, the Size 22 model" (http://www.etonline.com/news/164889_everything_you_need_to_know_about_tess_holliday_the_size_22_model_who_is_changing_the_world/) . ETonline . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Gabel, Pearl (January 24, 2015). "Plus-size model Tess Holliday busts out of stereotype" (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/plus-size-model-tess-holliday-busts-stereotype-article-1.2090500) . Daily News (/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)) . New York . Retrieved February 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Tess Holliday: 'Never seen a fat girl in her underwear before?' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/jun/06/tess-holliday-first-size-26-supermodel) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/jun/06/tess-holliday-first-size-26-supermodel) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . June 6, 2015 . Retrieved July 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Holliday, Tess (July 7, 2015). "Size-22 model: Why I love my body and want other women to love theirs" (http://www.today.com/style/model-tess-holliday-body-image-confidence-love-t13451) . Today . Retrieved February 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lewis, Limarie (March 1, 2013). "Body Activism w/ Tess Munster & Honor Curves (Part 1)" (http://www.dailyvenusdiva.com/2013/03/01/body-activism-w-tess-munster-honor-curves-part-1/) . Daily Venus Diva . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chanel-Faiteau, Chardline (May 29, 2013). "Tess Munster- Retro Chic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054123/http://www.chardline.com/2013/05/29/tess-munster-retro-chic/) . Chardline. Archived from the original (http://www.chardline.com/2013/05/29/tess-munster-retro-chic/) on August 8, 2014 . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-theguardian1_9-0) Ferrier, Morwenna (April 15, 2015). "Agency signs up the first size-24 model: 'I was never tempted to lose weight' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/shortcuts/2015/apr/15/agency-signs-size-24-model-tess-munster) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/shortcuts/2015/apr/15/agency-signs-size-24-model-tess-munster) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Young, Danielle (March 12, 2012). "Tess is More: An Interview With Plus Model Tess Munster" (http://www.plusmodelmag.com/General/plus-model-magazine-article-detail.asp?article-id=702773310) . Plus Model Magazine . p. 1 . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "How I became a model" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAOC76pb0os) . Tess Munster. September 15, 2013 . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-modelmayhem_12-0) "Tess Munster" (http://www.modelmayhem.com/1418934) . Model Mayhem (/wiki/Model_Mayhem) . October 16, 2009 . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Tess is More: An Interview With Plus Model Tess Munster" (http://www.bakeanddestroy.net/2012/03/tess-is-more-an-interview-with-plus-model-tess-munster/) . Bake and Destroy. March 12, 2012 . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-plus-model-mag2_14-0) Young, Danielle (March 12, 2012). "Tess is More: An Interview With Plus Model Tess Munster" (http://www.plusmodelmag.com/General/plus-model-magazine-article-detail.asp?article-id=702773310&page=1) . Plus Model Magazine . p. 2 . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-reahnorman_15-0) "Tess Munster I Am Plus" (http://www.reahnorman.com/index.php#mi=2&pt=1&pi=10000&s=9&p=5&a=0&at=0) . Reah Norman. March 2010. p. 10 . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-people1_16-0) Olya, Gabrielle (January 27, 2015). "Tess Holliday, Size-22 Model, Is First to Score a Major Modelling Contract" (http://www.people.com/people/mobile/article/0,,20896297,00.html) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Weingarten, Rachel (February 28, 2014). "Plus-Size Model Tess Munster Talks Cardigans, Her Style Evolution, and 'Fat' as a Trigger Word" (http://parade.condenast.com/266630/rachelweingarten/plus-size-model-tess-munster-talks-her-style-evolution-cardigans-and-fat-as-a-trigger-word/) . Parade (/wiki/Parade_(magazine)) . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-huffingtonpost1_18-0) Bahadur, Nina (May 8, 2014). "This Video Proves That Every Body Is '***Flawless' (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/08/everybody-is-flawless-gabi-fresh-beyonce_n_5288040.html) " (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/08/everybody-is-flawless-gabi-fresh-beyonce_n_5288040.html) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-plus-model-mag3_19-0) Cruz, Marcy (September 16, 2014). "Tess Munster Talks The Term 'Plus Size' On TakePart Live: 'If it wasn't for that term, I wouldn't know where to shop" (http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2014/09/tess-munster-talks-term-plus-size-takepart-live-wasnt-term-wouldnt-know-shop/) . Plus Model Magazine . Retrieved February 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-racked_20-0) Chapin, Adele (January 23, 2015). "Size 20 Model and Blogger Tess Munster Lands Major Contract" (http://www.racked.com/archives/2015/01/23/tess-munster-plus-size-model.php) . Racked . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-huffingtonpost3_21-0) Sieczkowski, Cavan (May 5, 2015). "Plus-Size Model Tess Holliday Debuts First Agency Shoot, And It's Stunning" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/12/tess-holliday-milk-shoot-photos_n_7264856.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-usmagazine1_22-0) Adlman, Nicole (March 4, 2015). "Size-22 Model Tess Holliday Gets Flirty in Photo Shoot With Torrid—Go Behind the Scenes!" (http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/news/plus-size-model-tess-holliday-torrid-spring-2015-campaign-no-photoshop-201543) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-glamour1_23-0) Melby, Leah (March 4, 2015). "Model Tess Holliday's New Ad Campaigns Are Out—See the Pictures Here!" (http://www.glamour.com/fashion/blogs/dressed/2015/03/tess-holliday-ad-campaigns-pictures) . Glamour . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-bustle3_24-0) Layne, Jodie (April 27, 2014). "Tess Holliday For Plus Size Retailer Yours Clothing Editorial Is Released And She Looks Smoking Hot" (http://www.bustle.com/articles/79199-tess-holliday-for-plus-size-retailer-yours-clothing-editorial-is-released-and-she-looks-smoking-hot) . Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-irishexaminer_25-0) Savva, Jayne (April 23, 2015). "See size 22 model Tess Holliday rocking it in Yours Clothing summer campaign" (http://www.irishexaminer.com/examviral/real-life/see-size-22-model-tess-holliday-rocking-it-in-yours-clothing-summer-campaign-325658.html) . Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-ijreview_26-0) Taft, Victoria (April 26, 2015). "She Was Told She Was Too Big To Be a Model. Now She's the First Woman of Her Size to Get a Contract" (https://www.ijreview.com/2015/04/304651-told-big-model-now-shes-first-ever-woman-size-get-contract/) . Independent Journal Review . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-people3_27-0) Fowler, Tara (May 21, 2015). "Tess Holliday Cried When She Saw Herself on the Cover of PEOPLE: 'It Was Definitely a 'Wildest Dreams' Moment for Me' (http://www.people.com/article/tess-holliday-cried-when-she-saw-herself-cover-people) " (http://www.people.com/article/tess-holliday-cried-when-she-saw-herself-cover-people) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-huffingtonpost8_28-0) Chung, Madelyn (September 4, 2015). "Tess Holliday Stars In H&M's Sustainable Fashion Campaign" (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/04/tess-holliday-hm_n_8090984.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved September 29, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-huffingtonpost7_29-0) Chung, Madelyn (September 2, 2015). "Tess Holliday Stars In Addition Elle's Decadent Folk Collection Campaign" (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/02/tess-holliday-addition-elle_n_8077538.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved September 29, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-dailyvenusdiva4_30-0) Penn, Stephanie (September 23, 2013). "Addition Elle Launches New Fall Capsule Collection Starring Plus-Size Model Tess Holliday" (http://dailyvenusdiva.com/2015/09/23/addition-elle-launches-new-fall-capsule-collection-starring-plus-size-model-tess-holliday/) . Daily Venus Diva . Retrieved October 1, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cherrington, Rosy (September 28, 2015). "Tess Holliday Interview: Plus Size Model On Body Confidence, Naked Photos And Her Upcoming Clothing Line" (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/09/28/tess-holliday-interview-clothing-line_n_8205892.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved September 29, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-huffingtonpost10_32-0) Cherrington, Rosy (November 6, 2015). "Tess Holliday Looks Stunning In New Marie Claire Shoot, But Reveals Trolls Still Call Her 'Disgusting' (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/11/06/tess-holliday-marie-claire_n_8490518.html) " (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/11/06/tess-holliday-marie-claire_n_8490518.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved March 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-plus-model-mag5_33-0) Cruz, Marcy (January 25, 2016). "Have You Heard? Plus Model Tess Holliday to Launch New Collection With Penningtons" (http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2016/01/have-you-heard-plus-model-tess-holliday-to-launch-new-collection-with-penningtons/) . Plus Model Magazine . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-dailyvenusdiva3_34-0) Penn, Stephanie (October 1, 2013). "2013 October Cover Model: Tess Munster" (http://www.dailyvenusdiva.com/2013/10/01/2013-october-cover-model-tess-munster/) . Daily Venus Diva . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-dailyvenusdiva2_35-0) Penn, Stephanie (August 22, 2013). "Plus Size Model & Activist, Tess Munster Shares The Dark Side Of Modeling" (http://www.dailyvenusdiva.com/2013/08/22/plus-size-model-activist-tess-munster-shares-the-dark-side-of-modeling/) . Daily Venus Diva . Retrieved August 1, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-independent3_36-0) Saul, Heather (February 2, 2016). "Tess Holliday: The supermodel leading the plus size fashion revolution" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/tess-holliday-the-supermodel-leading-the-plus-size-fashion-revoloution-a6835236.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-instyle_37-0) Silvers, Isabella (September 28, 2015). "Plus Size Model Tess Holliday Talks Modelling, Men And Her ASOS Obsession" (http://www.instyle.co.uk/fashion/news/plus-size-model-tess-holliday-interview) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Retrieved October 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-people2_38-0) Holliday, Tess (May 20, 2015). "My Plus-Sized Life: Tess Holliday on Challenging Perceptions of Beauty" (http://www.people.com/article/tess-holliday-blog-challenging-perceptions-beauty) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved July 17, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-birminghammail_39-0) Jones, Alison (November 13, 2014). "Tess Munster, an American champion for curvy girls, will be appearing at Yours Clothing in Birmingham to talk about body confidence" (http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/shopping/plus-size-model-tess-munster-8104411) . Birmingham Mail (/wiki/Birmingham_Mail) . Retrieved February 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-channel4_40-0) "Tess Holliday - the plus size model redefining beauty?" (http://www.channel4.com/news/tess-holliday-the-plus-size-model-redefining-beauty) . Channel 4 News (/wiki/Channel_4_News) . February 4, 2015 . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-meredithvieirashow_41-0) "tess holliday interview" (http://www.meredithvieirashow.com/tag/tess-holliday-interview/) . The Meredith Vieira Show . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-independent1_42-0) Jones, Ellen E (April 21, 2015). "Plus Sized Wars, Channel 4 - TV review: Drop-dead gorgeous size 24-model Tess shows that big really is beautiful" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/plus-sized-wars-channel-4--tv-review-dropdead-gorgeous-size-24model-tess-shows-that-big-really-is-beautiful-10193615.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-bestdaily_43-0) Savva, Jayne (April 21, 2015). "Is this the most dangerous fashion trend ever?" (http://www.bestdaily.co.uk/your-life/news/a643120/is-this-the-most-dangerous-fashion-trend-ever.html) . Best Daily . Retrieved May 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-independent2_44-0) Saul, Heather (August 21, 2015). "Project Harpoon: Plus size model Tess Holliday demands users boycott Facebook and Instagram accounts fat-shaming women" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/project-harpoon-plus-size-model-tess-holliday-demands-users-boycott-facebook-and-instagram-accounts-fatshaming-women-10465290.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved September 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-mtv_45-0) "Tess Holliday Explains Why Victoria's Secret Needs To Get In On The Billion Dollar Plus Size Industry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150911093600/http://www.mtv.com/news/2243662/tess-holliday-victorias-secret/) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . September 10, 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/2243662/tess-holliday-victorias-secret/) on September 11, 2015 . Retrieved October 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-inquisitr1_46-0) Silven, Kirsten (September 12, 2015). "Does Victoria's Secret Exclude Plus-Size Women? Tess Holliday Thinks So" (http://www.inquisitr.com/2414378/does-victorias-secret-exclude-plus-size-women-tess-holliday-thinks-so/) . The Inquisitr News (/wiki/The_Inquisitr_News) . Retrieved October 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-inquisitr2_47-0) Nicholas, Noelle (September 14, 2015). "Victoria's Secret Continues To Ignore Plus Size Consumers" (http://www.inquisitr.com/2419052/victorias-secret-continues-to-ignore-plus-size-consumers/) . The Inquisitr News . Retrieved October 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-papermag_48-0) Song, Sandra (January 25, 2016). "Tess Holliday Dispels Industry Myths And Looks Damn Good Doing It" (http://www.papermag.com/tess-holliday-plus-size-model-1571214668.html) . Paper (/wiki/Paper_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue_49-0) Milligan, Lauren (January 27, 2016). "Tess Holliday: Why I'm Happy To Be Called "Plus Size" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2016/01/27/tess-holliday-plus-size-model-on-curvy-vs-plus-size-label) " (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2016/01/27/tess-holliday-plus-size-model-on-curvy-vs-plus-size-label) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-usmagazine2_50-0) Torgerson, Rachel (January 27, 2016). "Tess Holliday Takes a Stand in the Plus-Size Versus Curvy Debate" (http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/news/tess-holliday-takes-a-stand-in-the-plus-size-debate-w162661) . Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) . Retrieved February 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-huffingtonpost11_51-0) Markovinovic, Monika (January 27, 2016). "Tess Holliday Continues To Advocate The Term 'Plus-Size' (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/01/27/tess-holliday-plus-size_n_9089448.html) " (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/01/27/tess-holliday-plus-size_n_9089448.html) . HuffPost . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-sundayworld1_52-0) "Tess Holliday is pregnant" (http://www.sundayworld.com/style/fashion/tess-holliday-fine-with-plus-size-label) . Sunday World (/wiki/Sunday_World) . Dublin. January 26, 2016 . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ilyashov, Alexandra (December 15, 2015). "Tess Holliday Breaks Her Silence On T-Shirt Controversy" (https://www.refinery29.com/2015/12/99577/tess-holliday-eff-your-beauty-standards-shirts) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Retrieved February 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ospina, Marie Southard (January 4, 2016). "Tess Holliday Apologizes For The Eff Your Beauty Standards T-Shirt Controversy" (http://www.bustle.com/articles/133292-tess-holliday-apologizes-for-the-eff-your-beauty-standards-t-shirt-controversy) . Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Olya, Gabrielle (December 16, 2015). "Tess Holliday Responds to Accusations of Scamming People Who Bought Her Branded Merchandise" (http://www.people.com/article/tess-holliday-responds-scamming-accusations) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Clarke, Jenna (June 21, 2015). "The Goss: How an Aussie man stole the heart of the world's biggest model" (http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/ls-celebrity-news/the-goss-how-an-aussie-man-stole-the-heart-of-the-worlds-biggest-model-20150620-ght5rq.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved July 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-today2_57-0) Holliday, Tess (December 24, 2015). "Size-22 model: Why I love my body and want other women to love theirs" (http://www.today.com/series/2015-voices/tess-holliday-opens-about-body-positivity-her-breakthrough-year-modeling-t63841) . Today . Retrieved March 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) @tessholliday (July 5, 2017). "Happy Birthday to me, annnnd also...Happy Anniversary to my Husbear @nickhollidayco ❣️💍🙈 Yes, we got hitched two years ago today... sneaky I know 🤷🏻♀️💕😈 Make sure you pre-order my book to see the exclusive photos from our wedding that we are sharing just with YOU! Now we are off for a much needed celebratory vacay 💕🎉📚💋 #NotSoSubtleTess #surprisesurprise" (https://www.instagram.com/p/BWKrlkyhGPx/) . Retrieved January 19, 2022 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-people_59-0) Olya, Gabrielle (January 27, 2015). "Model Tess Holliday pregnant: 'I'm having to relearn a lot' (http://celebritybabies.people.com/2016/01/27/tess-holliday-pregnant-expecting-second-child/) " (http://celebritybabies.people.com/2016/01/27/tess-holliday-pregnant-expecting-second-child/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 1, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) Pasquini, Maria (February 1, 2021). "Tess Holliday Says Marriage to Ex Was 'Abusive': 'Healing Is So Much Harder Than I Imagined' (https://people.com/health/tess-holliday-claims-marriage-to-ex-was-abusive/) " (https://people.com/health/tess-holliday-claims-marriage-to-ex-was-abusive/) . People . Retrieved February 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-time_61-0) Olya, Gabrielle (May 21, 2015). "6 Things to Know About Plus-Size Fashion Star Tess Holliday" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150523160546/http://time.com/3892756/fashion-plus-size-tess-holliday/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.time.com/3892756/fashion-plus-size-tess-holliday/) on May 23, 2015 . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Tess Holliday Comes Out as Pansexual: 'A Lot of Stuff in My Life Now Makes Sense' (https://people.com/health/tess-holliday-comes-out-pansexual/) " (https://people.com/health/tess-holliday-comes-out-pansexual/) . ^ (#cite_ref-63) "Tess On The Beach: July 2019 Cover Profile Of Tess Holliday" (https://nylon.com/tess-holliday-nylon-july-2019-cover) . NYLON. June 21, 2019 . Retrieved July 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-64) Elan, Priya (May 5, 2021). "Model Tess Holliday reveals she's recovering from anorexia" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/05/tess-holliday-recovering-from-anorexia) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-tumblr_65-0) Holliday, Tess. "Tess Holliday FAQ" (https://tesshollidayofficial.tumblr.com/FAQ) . Tess Holiday on Tumblr . Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) . Retrieved July 17, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-businessinsider_66-0) Weisman, Aly (March 5, 2015). "Meet the tattooed, size 22 model taking over the fashion industry" (http://uk.businessinsider.com/meet-tess-holliday-plus-size-model-with-tattoos-2015-3) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved June 1, 2015 . External links [ edit ] Weisman, Aly. Meet the tattooed, size 22 model taking over the fashion industry (http://uk.businessinsider.com/meet-tess-holliday-plus-size-model-with-tattoos-2015-3) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . March 5, 2015 Newsome, Teresa. 8 Times Tess Holliday Challenged Oppressive Beauty Standards (http://www.bustle.com/articles/108811-8-times-tess-holliday-challenged-oppressive-beauty-standards) . Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) . September 6, 2015 Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/37151302914448661492) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2017157391) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tess_Holliday&oldid=1234968359 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tess_Holliday&oldid=1234968359) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1985 births (/wiki/Category:1985_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Female models from Mississippi (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Mississippi) Plus-size models (/wiki/Category:Plus-size_models) American make-up artists (/wiki/Category:American_make-up_artists) American women columnists (/wiki/Category:American_women_columnists) American women bloggers (/wiki/Category:American_women_bloggers) 21st-century American women writers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_writers) Fat acceptance activists (/wiki/Category:Fat_acceptance_activists) HuffPost writers and columnists (/wiki/Category:HuffPost_writers_and_columnists) Female models from Los Angeles (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Los_Angeles) Pansexual women (/wiki/Category:Pansexual_women) American pansexual people (/wiki/Category:American_pansexual_people) American LGBT models (/wiki/Category:American_LGBT_models) American LGBT journalists (/wiki/Category:American_LGBT_journalists) Activists from California (/wiki/Category:Activists_from_California) LGBT bloggers (/wiki/Category:LGBT_bloggers) LGBT people from Mississippi (/wiki/Category:LGBT_people_from_Mississippi) LGBT people from California (/wiki/Category:LGBT_people_from_California) People from Laurel, Mississippi (/wiki/Category:People_from_Laurel,_Mississippi) Los Angeles High School alumni (/wiki/Category:Los_Angeles_High_School_alumni) Activists from Mississippi (/wiki/Category:Activists_from_Mississippi) Hidden categories: Wikipedia pending changes protected pages (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from July 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2024) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2020) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers)
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Submission declined on 23 January 2024 by CNMall41 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:CNMall41) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:CNMall41) ). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. 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Last edited by Interstellaradrian (/w/index.php?title=User:Interstellaradrian&action=edit&redlink=1) 5 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Interstellaradrian&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 22 January 2024 by Chetsford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Chetsford) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Chetsford) ). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. Declined by Chetsford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Chetsford) 5 months ago. Comment: In general, references in trade publications - while fine for sourcing - are considered WP:ROUTINE (/wiki/Wikipedia:ROUTINE) and don't contribute to demonstration of WP:N (/wiki/Wikipedia:N) . Chetsford (/wiki/User:Chetsford) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Chetsford) ) 06:09, 22 January 2024 (UTC) Comment: Their own website is not an independent source neither are press releases. The leadership and logo sections are of little interest to Wikipedia. Theroadislong (/wiki/User:Theroadislong) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Theroadislong) ) 18:30, 21 January 2024 (UTC) Women's clothing retailer Boston Proper Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) , Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1992 ; 32 years ago ( 1992 ) Boca Raton, Florida (/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida) , U.S. Founder Michael Tiernan Headquarters 1155 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Boca Raton, Florida (/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida) , United States of America Area served United States of America Key people Sheryl Clark ( President (/wiki/President) , CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Adrian Miramontes ( CFO (/wiki/Chief_financial_officer) , COO (/wiki/Chief_operating_officer) ) DeAnne Judd ( CIO (/wiki/Chief_information_officer) ) Products Apparel (/wiki/Clothing) accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Brands Beyond Travel Beyond Basics Number of employees 100+ Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Brentwood Associates (/wiki/Brentwood_Associates) Website bostonproper (http://bostonproper.com) .com (http://bostonproper.com) Boston Proper is a privately owned direct-to-consumer women's clothing and accessories retailer headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida, United States (/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida) . Established in 1992 (/wiki/1992) , the company operates as a multichannel brand, offering women's clothing, shoes, jewelry, and accessories, as well as seasonal and occasion-specific collections. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] 1991 - 2000 [ edit ] Brand Name Acquisition [ edit ] Boston Proper was initially part of The Mark Group, a resort-based apparel retailer, which was led by CEO Michael Tiernan. The Mark Group, established in 1955 as Mark, Fore & Strike, acquired the Boston Proper brand name in 1992. During this period, the company also expanded by adding Charles Keath, a catalog for gifts and home accessories, to its portfolio. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) 2001 - 2011 [ edit ] Rebranding to Boston Proper [ edit ] During the early 2000s, The Mark Group underwent significant changes. In 2003, the company decided to divest in Mark, Fore & Strike and Charles Keath. Subsequently, in 2004, it rebranded itself as Boston Proper and refocused its business model on the Boston Proper brand, prioritizing catalog mailings and e-commerce. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Under this new brand, the company aimed at the affluent, active, 35+ women's demographic. Sheryl Clark, who was promoted to CEO in December 2009, replaced Michael Tiernan. [4] (#cite_note-4) 2012 - 2015 [ edit ] Chico's Acquisition [ edit ] Chico's FAS (/wiki/Chico%27s_FAS) , an American women's clothing and accessories retailer, acquired Boston Proper in 2012 for $205 million. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Post-acquisition, Boston Proper continued to operate as a separate division within Chico's FAS, which also included brands such as Chicos, White House | Black Market (/wiki/White_House_Black_Market) and Soma Intimates. Retail Store Expansion, Closures [ edit ] The company expanded into retail, opening its first store in Estero, Florida (/wiki/Estero,_Florida) , in March 2013, followed by additional stores across the United States. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) However, by late 2015, Boston Proper and Chico's FAS decided to move away from physical stores and eventually part ways, marking a shift towards a digital-focused strategy for Boston Proper. [9] (#cite_note-9) 2016 - Present [ edit ] Sale to Brentwood Associates [ edit ] In 2016, Brentwood Associates (/wiki/Brentwood_Associates) , a private equity firm based in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , acquired Boston Proper. Under this new ownership, the company continued to emphasize e-commerce and catalog sales, with Sheryl Clark remaining as President. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Trademarks [ edit ] The company owns the trademark for the slogan "Wear It Like No One Else." [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) Sponsorship & Philanthropy [ edit ] Boston Proper has been involved in various charitable initiatives. The company participates in Breast Cancer Awareness Month, supporting organizations like Susan B. Komen and The Lynn Institute. Additionally, it has hosted charity fashion shows to benefit the Achievement Centers for Children & Families, a non-profit organization in Delray Beach, Florida. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Boston Proper - Products, Competitors, Financials, Employees, Headquarters Locations" (https://www.cbinsights.com/company/boston-proper) . www.cbinsights.com . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Unique Women's Clothing - Dresses, Swimwear & Shoes" (https://www.bostonproper.com/) . Boston Proper . Retrieved 2024-01-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cole, Michael (2007-10-01). "Refining a Brand: The Boston Proper Way" (https://risnews.com/refining-brand-boston-proper-way) . RIS News . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) admin (2009-12-15). "US: Boston Proper names Sheryl Clark as CEO" (https://www.just-style.com/news/us-boston-proper-names-sheryl-clark-as-ceo/) . Just Style . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Roach, Emily (2011-08-18). "Chico's to acquire Boca Raton-based retailer" (https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/business/2011/08/18/chico-s-to-acquire-boca/7179919007/) . The Palm Beach Post . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_6-0) "Chico s FAS Acquires Boston Proper | Mergr M&A Deal Summary" (https://mergr.com/chico-s-fas-acquires-boston-proper) . mergr.com . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Moin, David (2013-05-29). "Boston Proper Making Retail Push" (https://wwd.com/feature/boston-propers-retail-push-6958649-322531/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Access (2012-10-30). "Boston Proper's Big News" (https://www.bocamag.com/boston-propers-big-news/) . Boca Magazine . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Logan, Casey. "Chico's to close Boston Proper stores" (https://www.news-press.com/story/money/2015/08/26/chicos-close-boston-proper-stores/32356281/) . The News-Press . Retrieved 2024-01-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Valverde, Miriam (2016-01-21). "Chico's sells women's clothing retailer Boston Proper" (https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2016/01/21/chicos-sells-womens-clothing-retailer-boston-proper/) . Sun Sentinel . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Boston Proper" (https://www.brentwood.com/our-portfolio/boston-proper/) . Brentwood Associates . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_12-0) "BOSTON PROPER Trademark of BOSTON PROPER, LLC - Registration Number 4365392 - Serial Number 85471805 :: Justia Trademarks" (http://trademarks.justia.com/854/71/boston-85471805.html) . trademarks.justia.com . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Achievement Centers for Children & Families | Proper Affair by Boston Proper" (https://www.achievementcentersfl.org/properaffair/) . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Achievement Centers for Children & Families | About Us" (https://www.achievementcentersfl.org/about-us/) . Retrieved 2023-11-13 . 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shop_fitting) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Shop fitting" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Shop+fitting%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Shop+fitting%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Shop+fitting%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Shop+fitting%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Shop+fitting%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Shop+fitting%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Shop fitting ( shopfitting ) is the trade of fitting out retail (/wiki/Retail) and service shops (/wiki/Retailing) and stores (/wiki/Retailing) with equipment, fixtures and fittings. The trade applies to all kinds of outlets from small corner shops to hypermarkets (/wiki/Hypermarket) . A shop fitter executes planning, designs (/wiki/Design) shop layout and installs equipment and services. A shop fitting firm (/wiki/Business_entity) typically incorporates professional expertise in interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) , manufacturing of bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) furniture, signage and fittings (with own or outsourced (/wiki/Outsourcing) facilities) and purchasing of retail equipment. A shop fitting cycle begins with a survey and measurement of available space and preparing design drawings for submission to the client. Alternatively, the client may have their own drawings prepared by an independent interior designer. The shop fitter arranges for purchase of standard equipment and merchandise or production of bespoke furniture, delivers and physically installs them—until the shop is ready for daily operation. There are different requirements to the different branches and types of shop. Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) shop design requires up-to-the-minute awareness of current trends in colour and style to create stores that will draw customers in. Systems [ edit ] 'Shopfitting system' refers to a product range made to satisfy the needs of shopfitters and ultimately retailers for display and merchandising (/wiki/Merchandising) goods. A shopfitting system can be adapted from combinations of standardized components for a particular retail application. A manufacturer would normally launch new shopfitting systems on a 2-year basis. Leading manufacturers would offer design oriented systems, followers would reinterpret them making the display solution achievable with as many as existing items as possible, hoping that retailers will choose their product because of the cheap price. Shopfitting systems are usually connected to a "modular" concept, meaning that each item has more than one use. This economically goes into the rules of "network", where one element has the value of three, if added to another element, because 1x1=1 but 2x2=4: an extra item designed and compatible with others, has very high value. Shop fitting profession [ edit ] Shop fitting is a profession that involves the fit-out of retail outlets like corner shops, department stores, convenience stores, supermarkets and hypermarkets with equipment, fixtures and fittings. It’s carried out by a shop fitter who executes all planning, design, layout and installation of equipment and services. A shop fitter brings interior design expertise and assists in the design of bespoke furniture, fittings and signage and also with the buying of retail equipment. The process begins with a survey of the retail premises and measurement of available space. The next stage is the preparation of design, which is then submitted to the client for review and approval. Some clients provide their own design drawings that are prepared by another interior designer. Finally, the shop fitter arranges for the purchase of standard equipment and the production of the bespoke furniture, which is delivered and installed – ready for the shop operation. Shop fitting is a precision orientated profession that requires intricacy and exceptional attention to detail in order to meet client requirements. Visual elements heavily impact customer behaviour hence why shop fitting is now at the forefront of attracting new customers to stores across the globe. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lake, Dean. "Shop Fitting" (https://lakecontracts.co.uk/service/shop-fitting/) . Lake Contracts . Lake Contracts. 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(Redirected from Christina Aguilera (fragance) (/w/index.php?title=Christina_Aguilera_(fragance)&redirect=no) ) Perfume brand by Christina Aguilera Christina Aguilera Fragrances Product type Perfumes Cosmetics ( body lotion (/wiki/Body_lotion) , body spray (/wiki/Body_spray) , bath gels and deodorants (/wiki/Deodorants) ) Produced by Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (2007–2016) Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) (2016–present) Country United States Introduced 2007 ; 17 years ago ( 2007 ) Markets North America Latin America Asia Europe Ambassador(s) Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) Website parfum (http://parfum.christinaaguilera.com) .christinaaguilera (http://parfum.christinaaguilera.com) .com (http://parfum.christinaaguilera.com) Christina Aguilera Fragrances is a perfume brand (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) by American singer-songwriter Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) . It was founded in 2007 in a deal with Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G), who manufactured the products until 2016, after its production and distribution rights were bought out by Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) In addition to fragrances, the brand has also worked with the production and sale of other cosmetics, including body lotions (/wiki/Body_lotion) , body sprays (/wiki/Body_spray) , bath gels, and deodorants (/wiki/Deodorant) . The line was influenced by a wide variety of flowers, exotic fruits and Aguilera's childhood in Japan. In addition to being met with positive reviews by perfume critics, the scents received numerous awards and accolades, including at the Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) and FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) . The brand's products became successful after its launch, especially in Europe, where it is referred to as the "number-one celebrity perfume line". In January 2016, its monthly gross income was $ (/wiki/American_dollar) 80 million, according Stifel (/wiki/Stifel) analysts. The fragrances also achieved popularity among celebrities and was worn by stars such as Perrie Edwards (/wiki/Perrie_Edwards) , Steve Antin (/wiki/Steve_Antin) and Aguilera herself. Background and creation [ edit ] In 2000 Aguilera signed a deal with New Dana Perfumes Corporation (NDPC) to promote, choose colors, products and packaging for Fetish cosmetics line. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand consisted of a wide variety of makeup, nail arts (/wiki/Nail_art) , shower gels (/wiki/Shower_gel) , bath oils (/wiki/Bath_oil) , body lotions (/wiki/Body_lotion) , [2] (#cite_note-2) as well three fragrances—manufactured in partnership with International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) (IFF). [3] (#cite_note-FetishLine-3) Commercialized at Sears (/wiki/Sears) and Walgreens (/wiki/Walgreens) stores, [4] (#cite_note-FetishQuits-4) the brand's slogan referenced the title of her Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) number-one single " What a Girl Wants (/wiki/What_a_Girl_Wants_(Christina_Aguilera_song)) ". [3] (#cite_note-FetishLine-3) NDPC's executives expected to increase the company's wholesales in $ (/wiki/American_dollar) 50 million with the release of Fetish line in 2001, [3] (#cite_note-FetishLine-3) and it was promoted with a strong advertising in the leading teen magazines, including Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(American_magazine)) , Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) and YM (/wiki/YM_(magazine)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Aguilera discussed about endorsing the products, stating "I am a lover of fashion and playing with makeup, and I want to have a big say in this [...] I am always checking out products. I can bring these amazing trends around the world to teens. I get to give back in my own way". [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDominguez2003152-6) However, in 2002, she did not renewed her contract with the corporation, aiming "new directions" in beauty business, and the brand was discontinued. [4] (#cite_note-FetishQuits-4) Aguilera returned to the fragrance industry in 2004; she signed a contract with the Greek manufacturer Sarantis, releasing three distinctive scents as part of the Xpose line. [7] (#cite_note-7) The brand was sold in selected European countries only and was promoted with television advertisements. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorth201598-8) Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) reported that the perfumes line "garnered international success" in terms of sales. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2007, Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) announced a long-term licensing deal from Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G) to create the Christina Aguilera Fragrances. [10] (#cite_note-10) Heike Hindenlang, company's global marketing director, commented about the partnership with Aguilera, adding "She sends out a clear message and clear connection with fans. She tries to empower her fans, particularly women, to get out of difficult situations. Christina is also omnipresent in the media". [11] (#cite_note-11) Aguilera revealed that her debut scent under the line would be released in the same year, and explained her team up with the corporation: "I love trying new things in my music and in fashion. To have a perfume of my own is the beginning of an exciting adventure. P&G is the ideal partner for this new experience". [12] (#cite_note-12) Products [ edit ] Conception [ edit ] In addition to fragrances, the line manufactures body lotions (/wiki/Body_lotion) , body sprays (/wiki/Body_spray) , bath gels, and deodorants (/wiki/Deodorant) , [13] (#cite_note-Touch-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) and the smell of the products has been influenced by Aguilera's mother and son, her childhood in Japan and a wide variety of flowers and exotic fruits. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) During an interview with Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , she recalled that her mother used to wear the Poison (/wiki/Poison_(perfume)) perfume by Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) , which she credits to be where got her "taste for musky [and] sensual scents", [17] (#cite_note-BeautySecrets-17) adding: "One of the strongest memories I have as a child is my mom doing her makeup at her vanity. I would always want to spray her fragrance on me — I can still remember the smell. I love the idea of sharing something so personal with my fans". [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) While developing the brands's debut fragrance, Aguilera declared that it embodied "everything that makes [her] smile and relax, like tuberose candles", mixing it with "musky tones" as additional inspiration from male colognes. [19] (#cite_note-BodyImage-19) Her son, Max, also served as a "big inspiration", as she describes his energy as "contagious and positive", which inspired a "more colourful direction" at her work both in music and in the cosmetic industry (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) . [20] (#cite_note-FlareInterview-20) Aguilera also worked with a range of flowers to produce the smell of her perfume line. Due to its "eternal and unmistakable symbol of womanhood", she choose magnolia (/wiki/Magnolia) to develop her fragrances, stating: "[It] is one of the oldest flowers in existence. The fresh, lush scent empowers inner femininity while soft, velvety petals feel like a caressing touch on the skin". [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) Jasmine (/wiki/Jasmine) was also chosen for the creation process, which she described as "synonymous [with] Old Hollywood glamour". [21] (#cite_note-Informations-21) Other of her favorite petals to create new scents includes tuberose (/wiki/Tuberose) , gardenia (/wiki/Gardenia) , freesia (/wiki/Freesia) , rose (/wiki/Rose) and Valencia orange (/wiki/Valencia_orange) flower. [22] (#cite_note-Inspire-22) Royal Desire was primarily inspired by Aguilera's childhood in Japan and contains traditional ingredients, as well as the country's exotic fruits such as yuzu (/wiki/Yuzu) , mandarin (/wiki/Mandarin_orange) and honeysuckle (/wiki/Honeysuckle) . [23] (#cite_note-GlamourBest-23) Other of her portfolio's fragrances, Red Sin , references her signature color and to its composition was included some of her favorite scents like red apple (/wiki/Apple) and cinnamon (/wiki/Cinnamon) . [19] (#cite_note-BodyImage-19) Packing and scents [ edit ] Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) wearing the black lace dress in Go West, Young Man (/wiki/Go_West,_Young_Man_(1936_film)) (1936). The design inspired the bottle of the line's debut fragrance. The scents have been known for their curvy bottle design, which emphasize Aguilera's hourglass figure, as well the covered lace on top inspired by her "love of vintage glamour". [24] (#cite_note-Sinful-24) [21] (#cite_note-Informations-21) For the bottle of the line's debut fragrance, a black lace was designed to provide a "distinctly feminine feel", [21] (#cite_note-Informations-21) developed as a reference to the "legendary dress" created to Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) by French designer Marcel Rochas (/wiki/Marcel_Rochas) . [25] (#cite_note-25) In other one-off releases, the covered lace has been replaced by a coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms) featuring a small mirror filled with flowers. [26] (#cite_note-26) However, the Inspire perfume was projected in a different aesthetic from other products; created on a "classic teardrop shape", it features a "silver disk-like top detailed with red crystals". [20] (#cite_note-FlareInterview-20) Hilary Howard, columnist for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , analyzed the brand's bottles and called it "charmed", in addition to noting that each flask of the Royal Desire scent "comes with a silver charm that can be worn on as necklace or bracelet". [27] (#cite_note-27) Aguilera's fragrances generally contain base notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) of sandalwood (/wiki/Sandalwood) , musk (/wiki/Musk) and vanilla (/wiki/Vanilla) in their composition, in addition to being combined with a wide range of flowers and exotic fruits. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Inspire was developed as a "mix of fruity mango and citrus top notes with a hint of freesia", [30] (#cite_note-30) while By Night combines tangerine (/wiki/Tangerine) , red apple, peach (/wiki/Peach) and May blossom (/wiki/May_blossom) . Royal Desire , called an "oriental scent with notes like yuzu and lily", [31] (#cite_note-SweetScent-31) also mixes marshmallow (/wiki/Marshmallow) , mandarin and blackberry (/wiki/Blackberry) . [32] (#cite_note-32) Embodying "sensuality and true confidence", Secret Potion has top notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) of passion fruit (/wiki/Passion_fruit) , lemon and mandarin, merged with lotus (/wiki/Lotus_flower) , jasmine and tonka bean (/wiki/Tonka_bean) . [33] (#cite_note-33) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) magazine described Red Sin as a "glorification of womanhood with the provocative symbolism of red", and emphasized the use of red ginger (/wiki/Red_ginger) , cinnamon and cyclamen (/wiki/Cyclamen) flowers in its creation process. [24] (#cite_note-Sinful-24) Called "irresistible [and] glamorous", the Unforgettable fragrance "starts with smells of cashmere, vanilla and tonka at its base, adds night-blooming jasmine and Turkish rose", and is "finished with the scents of plum and pomegranate". [34] (#cite_note-34) Touch of Seduction combines lychee (/wiki/Lychee) , raspberry (/wiki/Raspberry) , orris honeysuckle and sugared rose, [13] (#cite_note-Touch-13) while Glam X was created as "one exotic blend of delicate florals, spicy star anise (/wiki/Star_anise) and warm musks", including caramelized peach (/wiki/Peach) , jasmine and lily of the valley (/wiki/Lily_of_the_valley) . [35] (#cite_note-35) The smell of the Definition fragrance features bergamot orange (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) , mandarin diamond orchid (/wiki/Chiloglottis_trapeziformis) and has as base notes heliotrope (/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)) and amber (/wiki/Amber) . [36] (#cite_note-36) The Moonlight Bloom scent is the result of a mix of blackcurrant (/wiki/Blackcurrant) , dahlia (/wiki/Dahlia) , narcissus (/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)) and dark ambrette seed (/wiki/Ambrette_seed) . [37] (#cite_note-37) Discussing about her perfume brand, Aguilera described each of her scents, the message, and purpose of its products to femininity and self-confidence: Each fragrance evokes a different emotion and mindset, and they reflect scents I personally love. I hope the scents inspires women to become the best versions of themselves [...] My fragrances always have the message of taking pride in who you are as a woman, which to me represents inner femininity. A woman embodies pride and empowerment. The bright, fruity scent provides a powerful start to instill self-confidence. This is a unique attribute women have [and] fragrance is a one-size-fits-all type of product, and I love that it smells a little different on each person. It's also a fast and easy way to feel sexy. [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) Line [ edit ] Name Year Ref. Christina Aguilera 2007 [38] (#cite_note-38) Inspire 2008 [39] (#cite_note-39) By Night 2009 [40] (#cite_note-40) Royal Desire 2010 [41] (#cite_note-41) Secret Potion 2011 [42] (#cite_note-42) Red Sin 2012 [43] (#cite_note-43) Unforgettable 2013 [44] (#cite_note-44) Woman 2014 [45] (#cite_note-Woman-45) Touch of Seduction 2015 [13] (#cite_note-Touch-13) Glam X 2017 [46] (#cite_note-46) Definition 2017 [47] (#cite_note-DefinitionAd-47) Violet Noir 2018 [48] (#cite_note-48) Xperience 2019 [49] (#cite_note-49) Eau So Beautiful 2020 [50] (#cite_note-EauSoBeautiful-50) Moonlight Bloom 2021 [51] (#cite_note-Bodysuit-51) Cherry Noir 2022 [52] (#cite_note-52) Xtina 2023 [53] (#cite_note-53) Promotion [ edit ] Scene from the television advertising for brand's debut fragrance. A black lace covers Aguilera's skin as she applies the perfume, referencing the product's bottle. Aguilera has worked with many promotional strategies linked to her scent's line, in addition to wear the perfumes herself, especially when making public appearances. [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) [17] (#cite_note-BeautySecrets-17) In 2007, Aguilera starred in a television advertising for the brand's debut fragrance in which she strips down while choose a new outfit in the closet; [54] (#cite_note-54) posteriorly, a black lace covers her skin as she apply the scent. [55] (#cite_note-55) Launched in 2009, By Night product's exclusive commercial shows "Christina working it for the cameras in a seriously sexy lace dress and vampish make-up, as she gets ready for a night out in her boudoir". [56] (#cite_note-56) Both fragrances were also featured in a scene from " Not Myself Tonight (/wiki/Not_Myself_Tonight) " music video, directed by Hype Williams (/wiki/Hype_Williams) , released as lead single (/wiki/Lead_single) for Aguilera's sixth studio album, Bionic (/wiki/Bionic_(Christina_Aguilera_album)) (2010). [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommane202022-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) In 2008, Aguilera chose David LaChapelle (/wiki/David_LaChapelle) as director for the Inspire scent's advertising campaign, due to its photography "full of life, colour, provocative imagery, and excitement". During an interview with Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) magazine, she revealed the idea behind the shoot which concept was "inspired by a lot of 1960s pop art", and artists such as Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) and Roy Lichtenstein (/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein) . [20] (#cite_note-FlareInterview-20) To promote Royal Desire fragrance, its television commercial features Aguilera "standing in a royal chamber, when she notices a gift sitting on her throne [and] bends down to pick the perfume's package". [59] (#cite_note-59) However, the advertising was criticized in the media and dubbed as a "low-budget soft porn", as she "[displayed] her cleavage to the camera" to sprays the perfume on her decolletage. [60] (#cite_note-60) Directed by Matthew Rolston (/wiki/Matthew_Rolston) in 2011, [61] (#cite_note-61) Secret Potion scent's television advertising shows Aguilera riding a "elevator to a penthouse party", while her "stunning grey frock is just too drab for such a well-attended bash", she decides to spray the perfume to create a "form-fitting dress covered in sparkles". [62] (#cite_note-62) In the following year, Red Sin fragrance's advertising campaign was launched and features "Aguilera rolling around in her bedsheets [and] then naked in a bath tub". [63] (#cite_note-63) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) columnist Gregory DelliCarpini, Jr. compared her image in the television commercial with that of Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) . [24] (#cite_note-Sinful-24) Definition perfume's promotional video follows a "Trump-esque gilded hall, as Aguilera struts into the lavishly decorated room in a pastel pink silky hip-length coat [while] the wind blowing her platinum locks". [47] (#cite_note-DefinitionAd-47) During Moonlight Bloom scent's exclusive commercial, she was presented on a "lace-up dark blue vest with a par of figure-hugging leather pants" while "pulled of a variety of poses under some sheer fabric". [51] (#cite_note-Bodysuit-51) In 2022, the promotional video received a nomination in the "Public's Choice: Commercial Advertisement" category at the Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) . [64] (#cite_note-Duftstars22-64) Aguilera's fragrances were also supported by presential events. In addition to promoted autograph sessions during its scents launch ceremonies in Germany and in the United States, [65] (#cite_note-HeraldSquare-65) [66] (#cite_note-66) thousands of hangers featuring the brand's logo was scattered across Israel's main streets as part of a guerrilla marketing (/wiki/Guerrilla_marketing) . [67] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaucet201553-67) Throughout the years, the perfumes portfolio have appeared as indications in Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) , [68] (#cite_note-68) Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , [69] (#cite_note-69) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , [70] (#cite_note-70) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , [23] (#cite_note-GlamourBest-23) and Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(American_magazine)) beauty magazine issues. [71] (#cite_note-71) The line also received media attention after its products were revealed as the favorite fragrances of celebrities such as Perrie Edwards (/wiki/Perrie_Edwards) and Steve Antin (/wiki/Steve_Antin) . [72] (#cite_note-72) [73] (#cite_note-73) Reception [ edit ] Critical response [ edit ] Aguilera's perfume brand was received with generally positive reviews by critics. In a review of its debut self-titled scent, Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) magazine editors opined that "while it's everything you'd expect from a typical celebrity fragrance [...], it's not overpowering or cloying and is, dare we say it, pretty damn sensual". [74] (#cite_note-74) Writing for Yahoo! Beauty (/wiki/Yahoo!_Beauty) , Lauren Carbran shared the same point of view, describing it as "sweet and a little saucy, [puts] you centre-stage wherever you are", in addition to recommending it to "lavish affairs to experience its magic in full force". [75] (#cite_note-YahooBeauty-75) In a review for Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) magazine, Emily Hebert named By Night among the best new scents of 2010 fall, highlighting its "heady vanilla, amber, peach, and May blossom". [76] (#cite_note-76) In the same year, Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) reviewers named Royal Desire as one of the best perfumes for winter due to its "oriental notes [...] making it warm and heady – perfect for winter nights". [77] (#cite_note-77) Melissa Magsaysay, author from Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , also praised Royal Desire fragrance, calling it an "oriental scent with notes like yuzu and lily". Magsaysay opined that the "standout element [of the perfume] is a top note of sugary sweet marshmallow that's very much heightened by honeysuckle and black currant". [31] (#cite_note-SweetScent-31) In December 2011, editors from Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Russia ranked Secret Potin among the best perfumes of the month, writing that "Aguilera reveals old secrets with pleasure [...] the aroma of self-confidence, the smell of a woman who is aware of her strength". [78] (#cite_note-78) At Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) , which assigns a standard score (/wiki/Standard_score) rating out of five stars to reviews from users critics, Unforgettable fragrance received four stars, whose written avaliation called it "a luscious mix of woods, vanilla, light florals and fruity notes", in addition to recognize it as "sweet, but not sugary sweet [...] it's [not] cloying either". [79] (#cite_note-79) Irina Kuzmicheva, writer of Elle Russia, described Touch of Seduction as a scent "designed for seduction", highlighting in its composition three aphrodisiacs such as rose, vanilla and musk. Kuzmicheva also noted that it follows the same base from other Aguilera's fragrances, with notes of "sandalwood [...] that leaves a gentle velvety sensation". [80] (#cite_note-80) In a less optimistic review, Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia_(magazine)) magazine columnist Liz Spikol commented about Woman scent, opining that it "radiates Central Pennsylvania holiday shopping excursions", although she recognized it was not "overwhelming". [45] (#cite_note-Woman-45) Accolades [ edit ] In addition to being met with positive reviews by perfume critics, the brand has received numerous awards and nominations. Presented by The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) , it was honoured throughout the years at the Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) [81] (#cite_note-Duftstars0818-81) and FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) —whose ceremony has been dubbed in the media as "the Oscars of fragrances industry". [82] (#cite_note-82) [83] (#cite_note-83) In 2011, Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) magazine editors prized one of the brand's perfumes at their annual event gala, the Glammy Beauty Awards (/wiki/Glamour_Awards) . [84] (#cite_note-Glammy-84) Due to its popularity in Russia, some of portfolio's fragrances was awarded in 'Best of Beauty' ceremonies by Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) and Glamour periodical issues. [85] (#cite_note-RussianAllure-85) [86] (#cite_note-RussianGlamour-86) Furthermore, the line's debut scent was ranked among the best celebrity women's perfumes of all time by Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) and Yahoo! (/wiki/Yahoo!) . [87] (#cite_note-87) [75] (#cite_note-YahooBeauty-75) In 2012, Stylist (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) magazine named Royal Desire as one of the eight credible celebrity fragrances. [88] (#cite_note-88) Complete list of awards and nominations received by Christina Aguilera Fragrances Year Ceremony Recipient Category Result Ref. 2013 Allure Best of Beauty Awards (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) Red Sin Best Celebrity Fragrance Won [85] (#cite_note-RussianAllure-85) 2014 Unforgettable Won [89] (#cite_note-89) 2008 Basenotes Fragrance Awards (/wiki/Basenotes#The_Basenotes_Fragrance_Awards) Christina Aguilera Best Celebrity Fragrance for Women Nominated [90] (#cite_note-90) 2011 CEW Beauty Awards Christina Aguilera Women's Scent Mass Won [91] (#cite_note-91) 2012 Royal Desire Won [92] (#cite_note-92) 2009 CEW UK Beauty Awards Inspire Women's Celebrity Fragrance Nominated [93] (#cite_note-93) 2009 Cosmopolitan Beauty Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)#Awards_and_features) (Finland) Best Female Fragrance Won [94] (#cite_note-94) [95] (#cite_note-95) Cosmopolitan Beauty Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)#Awards_and_features) (Sweden) Won [96] (#cite_note-96) Cosmopolitan Fragrance Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)#Awards_and_features) Best Celebrity Fragrance for Women Won [97] (#cite_note-97) 2008 Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) [a] (#cite_note-100) Christina Aguilera Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [100] (#cite_note-101) Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won 2010 By Night Won [81] (#cite_note-Duftstars0818-81) 2011 Royal Desire Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [101] (#cite_note-102) 2013 Red Sin Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [102] (#cite_note-103) Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won 2014 Unforgettable Won [103] (#cite_note-104) Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won 2015 Woman Nominated [104] (#cite_note-105) 2016 Touch of Seduction Nominated [105] (#cite_note-106) 2017 Glam X Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Nominated [106] (#cite_note-107) 2018 Definition Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Nominated [107] (#cite_note-108) 2020 Xperience Nominated [108] (#cite_note-109) 2021 Eau So Beautiful Nominated [50] (#cite_note-EauSoBeautiful-50) 2022 Moonlight Bloom Nominated [64] (#cite_note-Duftstars22-64) Public's Choice: Commercial Advertisement Nominated 2009 FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) (Russia) By Night Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [109] (#cite_note-110) 2013 Unforgettable Lifestyle Fragrance – Celebrity Won [110] (#cite_note-111) 2008 FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) (United Kingdom) Christina Aguilera Public's Choice: Favorite Celebrity Fragrance Won [111] (#cite_note-112) 2009 Inspire Favorite New Prestige Fragrance for Women Nominated [112] (#cite_note-113) 2011 FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) (United States) Christina Aguilera Women's Broad Appeal Fragrance Nominated [113] (#cite_note-114) By Night Nominated 2012 Royal Desire Nominated [114] (#cite_note-115) Packaging of the Year – Women's Broad Appeal Nominated [115] (#cite_note-116) 2013 Red Sin Fragrance of the Year – Women's Popular Nominated [116] (#cite_note-117) 2011 GLAMMY Beauty Awards (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Royal Desire Basic Perfume Won [84] (#cite_note-Glammy-84) 2013 Glamour Best of Beauty Awards (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Red Sin Celebrity Perfume Won [117] (#cite_note-118) 2014 Unforgettable Won [86] (#cite_note-RussianGlamour-86) 2013 Joy Trend Awards (/wiki/Joy_(magazine)) Red Sin Best Lifestyle Perfume Won [118] (#cite_note-119) 2014 Unforgettable Won [119] (#cite_note-120) 2012 PopCrush Awards (/wiki/PopCrush) Red Sin Best Perfume Nominated [120] (#cite_note-121) Commercial performance [ edit ] The brand is sold in North America, Latin America, Asia and Europe—market of which it is commonly referred to as the "number-one celebrity fragrance brand". [22] (#cite_note-Inspire-22) [121] (#cite_note-122) [122] (#cite_note-123) From the start of scent's line distribution, its products proved to be a commercial success. In its debut year at stores, Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G) executives estimated that the brand could do $ (/wiki/American_dollar) 50 million wholesale sales worldwide, with $20 million coming from the United States alone. [22] (#cite_note-Inspire-22) After its production and distribution rights been bought out by Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) , was reported that the fragrance line had $80 million in sales in January 2016 according to Stifel (/wiki/Stifel) analyst Mark Astrachan. [123] (#cite_note-124) In 2007, according to The Perfume Shop (/wiki/The_Perfume_Shop) managing director Jeremy Seigal, Aguilera's debut fragrance was among the top five best-selling scents in its stores in the United Kingdom and Ireland. [124] (#cite_note-125) In the same year, according to reports from Superdrug (/wiki/Superdrug) 's stores, it was the second and third celebrity fragrance most commercialized in the countries in 2007 and 2008, respectively. [125] (#cite_note-126) [126] (#cite_note-127) In general distributions, its perfumes were ranked among the United Kingdom best-sellers in 2007, 2009, and 2010. [127] (#cite_note-128) [128] (#cite_note-129) [129] (#cite_note-130) In 2008, Aguilera attended a promotional event for its scents line at the Macy's Herald Square (/wiki/Macy%27s_Herald_Square) , attracting over $50,000 in sales that weekend alone. [130] (#cite_note-131) The brand's parent company, Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) , filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code) in June 2022, and eventually emerged from it in early 2023. [131] (#cite_note-132) See also [ edit ] List of celebrity-branded perfumes (/wiki/List_of_celebrity-branded_perfumes) Truth or Dare by Madonna (/wiki/Truth_or_Dare_by_Madonna) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-100) Duftstars Awards are a German version of the FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , both presented by The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) . [98] (#cite_note-98) [99] (#cite_note-99) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Meghan DeMaria (January 6, 2017). "15 Celebrities You Never Knew Were In Beauty Ads" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220909115346/https://sg.style.yahoo.com/15-celebrities-never-knew-were-194500348.html) . Yahoo! Style (/wiki/Yahoo!_Style) . Archived from the original (https://sg.style.yahoo.com/15-celebrities-never-knew-were-194500348.html) on September 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Curtis Waller (July 14, 2000). "Christina Aguilera Shares Her Fetish" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220813092602/https://www.mtv.com/news/vsku9f/christina-aguilera-shares-her-fetish) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (https://www.mtv.com/news/vsku9f/christina-aguilera-shares-her-fetish) on August 13, 2022 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ a b c Laura Klepacki (June 30, 2000). "What Fetish Needs: Aguilera" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1196369/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ a b Laura Klepacki (January 11, 2002). "Aguilera, Fetish Call It Quits" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/aguilera-fetish-call-it-quits-1174367/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "New Dana Teams Up with Christina Aguilera" (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/New+Dana+teams+up+with+Christina+Aguilera-a076587005) . The Free Library (/wiki/The_Free_Library) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDominguez2003152_6-0) Dominguez 2003 (#CITEREFDominguez2003) , p. 152. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Grant Osborne (January 12, 2007). "Christina Aguilera Signs New Fragrance Deal with Procter & Gamble" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081204234222/http://www.basenotes.net/industry_news/20070112aguilera.html) . Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) . Archived from the original (http://www.basenotes.net/industry_news/20070112aguilera.html) on December 4, 2008 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorth201598_8-0) Worth 2015 (#CITEREFWorth2015) , p. 98. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Aguilera Poised to Launch New Perfume" (https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30361457.html) . Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) . May 10, 2008 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Jennifer Weil (January 11, 2007). "Procter & Gamble to Team Up with Christina Aguilera in Fragrance Deal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210125195428/https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/procter-gamble-to-team-up-with-christina-aguilera-in-fragrance-deal-1037814/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived from the original (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/procter-gamble-to-team-up-with-christina-aguilera-in-fragrance-deal-1037814/) on January 25, 2021 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Jennifer Weil (January 12, 2007). "Aguilera and P&G Sign Fragrance Deal" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/aguilera-p-g-sign-fragrance-deal-510809/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Eau de Christina" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161206050310/https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Eau-de-Christina-104617) . PopCrush (/wiki/PopCrush) . 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Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-35-011735-8 . Saucet, Marcel (2015). Street Marketing: The Future of Guerrilla Marketing and Buzz . ABC-Clio (/wiki/ABC-Clio) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-44-083839-2 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://parfum.christinaaguilera.com) v t e Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) Discography (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Christina_Aguilera) Concerts (/wiki/List_of_Christina_Aguilera_concerts) Videography (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera_videography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Christina_Aguilera) Studio albums Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera_(album)) Mi Reflejo (/wiki/Mi_Reflejo) My Kind of Christmas (/wiki/My_Kind_of_Christmas) Stripped (/wiki/Stripped_(Christina_Aguilera_album)) Back to Basics (/wiki/Back_to_Basics_(Christina_Aguilera_album)) Bionic (/wiki/Bionic_(Christina_Aguilera_album)) Lotus (/wiki/Lotus_(Christina_Aguilera_album)) Liberation (/wiki/Liberation_(Christina_Aguilera_album)) Aguilera (/wiki/Aguilera_(album)) Compilation albums Just Be Free (/wiki/Just_Be_Free) Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits (/wiki/Keeps_Gettin%27_Better:_A_Decade_of_Hits) Soundtrack albums Burlesque soundtrack (/wiki/Burlesque_(soundtrack)) Live and video albums Genie Gets Her Wish (/wiki/Genie_Gets_Her_Wish) My Reflection (/wiki/My_Reflection) Stripped Live in the U.K. (/wiki/Stripped_Live_in_the_U.K.) Back to Basics: Live and Down Under (/wiki/Back_to_Basics:_Live_and_Down_Under) EPs Justin & Christina (/wiki/Justin_%26_Christina) La Fuerza (/wiki/La_Fuerza) La Tormenta (/wiki/La_Tormenta_(EP)) Concerts tours Christina Aguilera in Concert (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera_in_Concert) The Justified & Stripped Tour (/wiki/The_Justified_%26_Stripped_Tour) The Stripped Tour (/wiki/The_Stripped_Tour) Back to Basics Tour (/wiki/Back_to_Basics_Tour) The Liberation Tour (/wiki/The_Liberation_Tour_(Christina_Aguilera_tour)) The X Tour (/wiki/The_X_Tour_(Christina_Aguilera)) Promotional tours EU / UK Summer Series (/wiki/EU_/_UK_Summer_Series) Concerts and residencies Christina Aguilera: The Xperience (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera:_The_Xperience) Christina Aguilera at Voltaire (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera_at_Voltaire) Companies and brands Christina Aguilera Fragrances Playground (/wiki/Playground_(company)) Related topics Super Bowl XXXIV halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXIV_halftime_show) Category (/wiki/Category:Christina_Aguilera) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐74875659f5‐4cq2h Cached time: 20240717183044 Cache expiry: 1229360 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.269 seconds Real time usage: 3.411 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6971/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 260207/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4453/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 501420/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.587/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7282146/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 380 ms 24.1% ? 240 ms 15.2% <mw.lua:694> 180 ms 11.4% dataWrapper <mw.lua:672> 140 ms 8.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::find 80 ms 5.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode 60 ms 3.8% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 40 ms 2.5% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub 40 ms 2.5% type 40 ms 2.5% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::match 40 ms 2.5% [others] 340 ms 21.5% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 3081.649 1 -total 52.53% 1618.902 2 Template:Reflist 46.58% 1435.527 125 Template:Cite_web 13.47% 415.173 1 Template:Short_description 12.06% 371.772 1 Template:Christina_Aguilera 11.96% 368.588 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 9.77% 301.139 2 Template:Pagetype 8.47% 261.103 1 Template:Infobox_brand 8.27% 254.991 1 Template:Infobox 7.95% 245.096 1 Template:Icon Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71715282-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717183044 and revision id 1231725761. 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< Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Project‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐844cd986b8‐twjcs Cached time: 20240722142542 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.008 seconds CPU time usage: 0.097 seconds Real time usage: 0.133 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 119/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4778/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4867/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.068/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1378207/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 112.694 1 -total 100.00% 112.694 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.54% 1.731 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74100937-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722142542 and revision id 1161339071. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Requested_pictures&oldid=1161339071 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion/Requested_pictures&oldid=1161339071) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Project-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) Hidden category: WikiProject banners without banner shells (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells)
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Articles relating to slippers (/wiki/Slippers) , a type of shoes falling under the broader category of light footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , that are easy to put on and off and are intended to be worn indoors, particularly at home. They provide comfort and protection for the feet when walking indoors. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6fcf4fdbb9‐n724x Cached time: 20240716020857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77360725-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716020857 and revision id 1234675919. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Slippers" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) B Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Bunny slippers (/wiki/Bunny_slippers) F Furlane (shoe) (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) K Kolhapuri chappal (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) P Papal slippers (/wiki/Papal_slippers) Peranakan beaded slippers (/wiki/Peranakan_beaded_slippers) R Ruby slippers (/wiki/Ruby_slippers) S Slippering (/wiki/Slippering) Soccus (/wiki/Soccus) U Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) V Venetian-style shoe (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Slippers&oldid=1234675919 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Slippers&oldid=1234675919) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Footwear (/wiki/Category:Footwear) Shoes (/wiki/Category:Shoes)
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Traditional Korean vest Baeja Woman wearing baeja over her jeogori Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 배자 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%9E%90) Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 褙子 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A4%99%E5%AD%90) / 背子 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%8C%E5%AD%90) Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Baeja McCune–Reischauer (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) Paecha Baeja ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ b eɪ ʒ ə / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ; Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 배자 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 褙子 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : Baeja ) is a type of traditional Korean vest which is worn over the jeogori (/wiki/Jeogori) by both men and women. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is generally sleeveless; however some baeja may have short sleeves. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It was worn during the Joseon (/wiki/Joseon) period and continues to be worn in present days. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) During the Joseon period, some forms of baeja (such as the ones used in the jeokui (/wiki/Diyi#Korea) ) were also introduced from China's Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) as bestowed clothing to the royal family. [3] (#cite_note-3) Construction and design [ edit ] Baeja came be square collared or round collared and has a frontal closure, called habim, instead of having a overlapping closure. It also has a detachable collar band called dongjeong . It is closed with a round or knotted button at the bottom of the collar band. The front and back shoulders are sewn together; however the sides are completely open or there is a long side-slit below the armpit. During the mid-Joseon, baeja with short sleeves were worn but were eventually replaced by the sleeveless style in the late 18th century. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Usage [ edit ] Baeja was used in winter by both men and women to stay warm; baeja made of thinner fabric were also used in spring and fall by women. In the late Joseon, the baeja was generally considered as a form of overgarment. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) In the Pyongyang region, a fur lined baeja called teoldeunggeori or teolbaeja , widely worn by women in winter after the 1945's liberation from Japan; and it continues to be worn in present day. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Joseon Period [ edit ] During the Joseon period, the Baeja was usually paired with loose-fitting pants to complete the traditional Korean outfit. The Baeja's unique style and design have made it a popular choice for those looking for a traditional yet fashionable look. It was often embroidered and had patches, and the natural colors were utilized to create a distinctive look. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) During the late Joseon dynasty in Korea, the Baeja was not only a popular attire worn by men and women, but it was also used as a military outfit. One of the unique features of the Baeja was its versatility. Unlike other traditional Korean clothing, the Baeja was designed to be creative without regard to status or rules. [5] (#cite_note-5) This made it an ideal piece of clothing for any occasion, whether formal or informal. As a result, the Baeja became a very diverse item, leading to many interpretations. Its flexibility allowed people to wear it in different ways, using different fabrics and colors to create unique and personalized styles. The Baeja's popularity continued even after the Joseon dynasty, and it remains an iconic piece of Korean clothing to this day. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Modern Interpretations [ edit ] The Baeja, a traditional Korean clothing item, has undergone a significant transformation in recent years to keep up with the ever-evolving fashion trends. To modernize the Baeja, several designers have infused it with contemporary elements, while others have created entirely new garments inspired by this traditional piece. It is also available in a wide variety of colors and styles to suit different preferences. Koreans have always been known for their penchant for modernizing traditional wear, and the Baeja is no exception. Some designers have incorporated traditional art into their Baeja designs to showcase the rich history and cultural heritage of Korea. Others have taken a different approach and added a touch of glamour to the Baeja, with bedazzled versions that are perfect for modern contexts. The Baeja has undergone a remarkable transformation, and it is now a versatile clothing item that caters to contemporary fashion trends while still maintaining its traditional roots. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) In recent years, the Baeja has seen a resurgence in popularity, especially among K-pop groups like Oh My Girl, who use this modernized version of the Hanbok for their performances. Through their music and fashion, these groups promote their Korean heritage and showcase the Baeja's versatility and adaptability to modern fashion trends. This has helped to keep the Baeja alive as a vital part of Korean cultural identity and fashion. [6] (#cite_note-6) Similar-looking items [ edit ] Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) See also [ edit ] Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Jeogori (/wiki/Jeogori) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "배자(背子)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220323143516/http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0021914) [Baeja (背子)]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture) . Archived from the original (http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0021914) on 2022-03-23 . Retrieved 2022-03-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Baeja (褙子)" (https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/7027) . Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture (/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Folk_Culture) . Retrieved 2022-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Jeokgwan" (https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/7163) . Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture (/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Folk_Culture) (in Korean) . Retrieved 2022-03-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Baeja, the beauty of Korea" (https://artsandculture.google.com/story/baeja-the-beauty-of-korea/aAVhZcUJBCZzJg) . Google Arts & Culture . Retrieved 2024-05-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Costume, the Pattern of Joseon Dynasty: Men and Women's Vest, Baeja" (https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-costume-the-pattern-of-joseon-dynasty-men-and-women%E2%80%99s-vest-baeja/nQUhQWZottfZKA) . Google Arts & Culture . Retrieved 2024-05-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Hanbok rides the Hallyu wave with modern reinterpretations" (https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2021/04/20/culture/lifeStyle/hanbok-Kpop-DDP/20210420160800345.html) . koreajoongangdaily.joins.com . 2021-04-20 . Retrieved 2024-05-01 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baeja . This Korea (/wiki/Korea) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baeja&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American fashion model For other people named Anne Ward, see Anne Ward (disambiguation) (/wiki/Anne_Ward_(disambiguation)) . Ann Ward Born Ann Marie Ward ( 1991-04-20 ) April 20, 1991 (age 33) Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , Texas (/wiki/Texas) , U.S. [1] (#cite_note-AMTMBio-1) Modeling information Height 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) [1] (#cite_note-AMTMBio-1) Hair color Brown (/wiki/Brown_hair) [1] (#cite_note-AMTMBio-1) Eye color Blue (/wiki/Eye_color#Blue) [1] (#cite_note-AMTMBio-1) Agency Paragon Model Management Website https://www.instagram.com/annmward91/ (https://www.instagram.com/annmward91/) Ann Marie Ward [2] (#cite_note-2) (born April 20, 1991) [3] (#cite_note-3) is an American fashion model, best known as the winner of Cycle 15 of (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_15) America's Next Top Model . Early life [ edit ] Ward states that Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , Texas (/wiki/Texas) is her hometown, although she hails from nearby Prosper (/wiki/Prosper,_Texas) , a small suburb that straddles Collin (/wiki/Collin_County,_Texas) and Denton (/wiki/Denton_County,_Texas) counties. [1] (#cite_note-AMTMBio-1) [4] (#cite_note-Urban1201-4) She graduated from Prosper High School (/wiki/Prosper_High_School) in 2009. [4] (#cite_note-Urban1201-4) She stated repeatedly that she was mocked during school due to her height and slim figure, which caused her to develop self-confidence problems. [5] (#cite_note-Catlin1201-5) America's Next Top Model [ edit ] In 2010, Ward appeared in Cycle 15 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_15) of the CW Network (/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network) reality television show, America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) , in which she competed against thirteen other aspiring models. [4] (#cite_note-Urban1201-4) Ward was immediately distinguishable for her 6'2" height. The judges were also shocked by her extremely thin waist, which was so skinny that runway trainer J. Alexander (/wiki/J._Alexander_(model)) could nearly wrap both his hands all the way around it. Upon first seeing Ward, show host and retired supermodel Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) said, "There's something about her that I like!" [6] (#cite_note-Marikar0816-6) A trailer for America's Next Top Model showed Banks's comments immediately after a discussion about Ward's waist, which created a public backlash that Banks was condoning overly skinny models. Later, Banks released a press statement clarifying this was not the case, claiming the editing gave the wrong impression, and apologizing for "any confusion, anger or disappointment" it caused. [6] (#cite_note-Marikar0816-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Ann is this season's breakout star, beginning the cycle with a five-show best picture streak unprecedented in Tyra-town. Her waifish face, slightly large ears, and super-tall super-skeletal frame endeared her to fashion houses and photographers, though she suffered whenever a challenge required her to speak in public. Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) [8] (#cite_note-LAT1201-8) Ward was the first call-out for best photo for the first five weeks of the show, a Top Model first. [4] (#cite_note-Urban1201-4) [9] (#cite_note-Finn1201-9) However, although her photos were lauded, she was also noted for her shyness, insecurity and awkwardness outside of photo shoots, as well as her difficulty during challenges that required talking. [8] (#cite_note-LAT1201-8) [10] (#cite_note-10) The Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) described her as "the most reclusive and shy model to get this far in a cycle to date". [8] (#cite_note-LAT1201-8) In the season finale, Ward and fellow contestant Chelsey Hersley filmed a CoverGirl Lash Blast Fusion (/wiki/CoverGirl) commercial and participated in a Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) fashion show. [5] (#cite_note-Catlin1201-5) [11] (#cite_note-11) To that point, Ward had not won any of the show's challenges, while Hersley had won three, [12] (#cite_note-12) even though Ward had been called first in panel six times (five of them in a row) and Chelsey not even once. Ward was crowned the Cycle 15 winner of America's Next Top Model . [13] (#cite_note-13) As a result, she received a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl Cosmetics, a contract with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) , the cover of Beauty In Vogue , fashion spreads in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) and Beauty In Vogue , as well as a prominent feature on the Vogue Italia website, Vogue.it. [9] (#cite_note-Finn1201-9) An emotional Ward said the victory was especially gratifying because she was mocked in her childhood for being "too tall [and] not normal", to which judge and fashion photographer Nigel Barker (/wiki/Nigel_Barker_(photographer)) said, "Guess what? You're not normal. You're 'America's Next Top Model.'" [5] (#cite_note-Catlin1201-5) Post- ANTM career [ edit ] Modeling [ edit ] After her victory to become the 15th season winner of America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) , she covered various magazines and spreads, campaigns, and walked multiple fashion shows across America (/wiki/United_States) , Europe (/wiki/Europe) , Africa (/wiki/Africa) , and Asia (/wiki/Asia) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Ward's cover of Beauty In Vogue was published in May 2011 and her editorial in Vogue Italia was published in March 2011, shot by Ellen Von Unwerth (/wiki/Ellen_Von_Unwerth) ; instead of having a two-page spread, she received a seven-page spread in Vogue Italia . Ward was featured on the cover of Velvet Magazine in fall of 2011. She walked for Alex London with Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) , Alexandria Everett and Hannah Jones. She was featured in the season finale of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 16 (/wiki/ANTM16) in the fashion show for Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) with the season's finalists. In October 2013, Ward walked in a fashion show called Desfile Google+PV14 , and wore Pineda Covalin's 2014 collection. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Ward has been included in various retrospective lists regarding the best America's Next Top Model contestants. Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) included Ward on a list of the 24 best American's Next Top Model contestants, commenting that she "glowed with charisma in spite of—or, really because of—her physical awkwardness." [17] (#cite_note-17) Other ventures [ edit ] Outside of modeling, Ward has been noted to enjoy drawing and sharing her art onto her Tumblr, Instagram, and Twitter accounts. [18] (#cite_note-Boardman2017-18) [19] (#cite_note-Nikas2015-19) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) additionally wrote that Ward live streams (/wiki/Live_streaming) herself drawing comic and anime characters. [19] (#cite_note-Nikas2015-19) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "America's Next Top Model: Cast: Bios: Ann" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101105145551/http://cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/cast/ann) . The CW Television Network (/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network) . December 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/cast/ann) on November 5, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Texas Births, 1926-1955" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210322/http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/20902?first=Ann&last=Ward&SubmitSearch.x=0&SubmitSearch=Submit&spelling=Exact&c=search&SubmitSearch.y=0&11_day=0&11_month=0&offset=520) . Family Tree Legends . Archived from the original (http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/20902?first=Ann&last=Ward&SubmitSearch.x=0&SubmitSearch=Submit&spelling=Exact&c=search&SubmitSearch.y=0&11_day=0&11_month=0&offset=520) on August 12, 2014 . Retrieved July 29, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ann Ward" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Ann_Ward/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved February 3, 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Urban, Samantha (December 1, 2010). "North Texan heads into finals of 'America's Next Top Model' (https://web.archive.org/web/20110105131855/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-model_1201gd.ART.State.Edition1.4b7be40.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20110105131855/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-model_1201gd.ART.State.Edition1.4b7be40.html) . Dallas Morning News (/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-model_1201gd.ART.State.Edition1.4b7be40.html) on January 5, 2011 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Catlin, Roger (December 1, 2010). "Ann Wins 'America's Next Top Model' (https://archive.today/20120708004328/http://blogs.courant.com/roger_catlin_tv_eye/2010/12/ann-wins-americas-next-top-mod.html) " (https://archive.today/20120708004328/http://blogs.courant.com/roger_catlin_tv_eye/2010/12/ann-wins-americas-next-top-mod.html) . Hartford Courant (/wiki/Hartford_Courant) . Archived from the original (http://blogs.courant.com/roger_catlin_tv_eye/2010/12/ann-wins-americas-next-top-mod.html) on July 8, 2012 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Marikar, Sheila (August 16, 2010). " (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/americas-top-model-contestant-ann-shows-off-shockingly/story?id=11396447) 'America's Next Top Model' Contestant Shows Off Shockingly Thin Waist" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/americas-top-model-contestant-ann-shows-off-shockingly/story?id=11396447) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101107214919/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/americas-top-model-contestant-ann-shows-off-shockingly/story?id=11396447) from the original on 7 November 2010 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Tyra Banks: 'We Truly Apologize' for Anger Over 'Top Model' Promo" (http://www.theinsider.com/news/3355898_Tyra_Banks_We_Truly_Apologize_for_Anger_Over_Top_Model_Promo) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . August 16, 2010 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c " (http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/11/americas-next-top-model-will-ann-or-chelsey-take-the-prize.html) 'America's Next Top Model': Will Ann or Chelsey take the prize?" (http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/11/americas-next-top-model-will-ann-or-chelsey-take-the-prize.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . November 30, 2010 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Finn, Natalie (December 1, 2010). " (http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/watch_with_kristin/b213961_americas_next_top_model_winner_reaches.html) America's Next Top Model Winner Reaches New Heights" (http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/watch_with_kristin/b213961_americas_next_top_model_winner_reaches.html) . E! Online (/wiki/E!_Online) . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Nededog, Jethro (December 1, 2010). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20101204150301/http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2010/12/americas-next-top-model-finale-ann-or-chelsey-vote.html) 'America's Next Top Model' finale: Ann or Chelsey? Vote!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101204150301/http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2010/12/americas-next-top-model-finale-ann-or-chelsey-vote.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Archived from the original (http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2010/12/americas-next-top-model-finale-ann-or-chelsey-vote.html) on December 4, 2010 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Guerra, Joey (December 1, 2010). " (http://blogs.chron.com/tubular/archives/2010/12/antm_12.html) ANTM : Long, tall Texan" (http://blogs.chron.com/tubular/archives/2010/12/antm_12.html) . Houston Chronicle (/wiki/Houston_Chronicle) . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Blaskovich, Sarah (December 1, 2010). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20101203045409/http://www.pegasusnews.com/news/2010/dec/01/americas-next-top-model-picked-dallas-woman-ann/) America's Next Top Model picked Dallas woman Ann as winner" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101203045409/http://www.pegasusnews.com/news/2010/dec/01/americas-next-top-model-picked-dallas-woman-ann/) . Pegasus News (/wiki/Pegasus_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.pegasusnews.com/news/2010/dec/01/americas-next-top-model-picked-dallas-woman-ann/) on December 3, 2010 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Parsley, Aaron (December 2, 2010). " (https://people.com/tv/ann-ward-wins-americas-next-top-model/) America's Next Top Model Picks a Winner!" (https://people.com/tv/ann-ward-wins-americas-next-top-model/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved November 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Sander, Brice. "Here's What Every "America's Next Top Model" Winner Looks Like Today" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/bricesander/wanna-be-on-top-top-top-top) . BuzzFeed . Retrieved 16 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Cycle 15: Ann Ward" (http://www.chicagotribune.com/zap-antm-watn-ann-photo.html) . Zap2it (/wiki/Screener_(website)) . Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . Retrieved July 30, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Desfile Google+ Fashion México - Primavera/verano 2014 | Pineda Covalin . PINEDA COVALIN . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . October 11, 2013 . Retrieved August 11, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Hollander, Jenny (December 26, 2018). "The 24 Best (https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/g25575616/americas-next-top-model-best-contestants/?slide=1) America's Next Top Model Contestants of All Time" (https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/g25575616/americas-next-top-model-best-contestants/?slide=1) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Retrieved November 8, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Boardman2017_18-0) Boardman, Madeline (July 27, 2017). " (http://ew.com/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now/#ann-ward-cycle-15) 'America's Next Top Model': Where Are They Now?" (http://ew.com/gallery/americas-next-top-model-where-are-they-now/#ann-ward-cycle-15) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Retrieved July 29, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nikas, Joana (December 4, 2015). " (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/04/fashion/americas-next-top-model-finale-where-are-the-winners-now.html) 'America's Next Top Model' Winners: Where Are They Now?" (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/04/fashion/americas-next-top-model-finale-where-are-the-winners-now.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved July 29, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Ann Ward's Twitter account (https://twitter.com/AnnWard91/) Preceded by Krista White (/wiki/Krista_White) America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) winner Cycle 15 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_15) (2010) Succeeded by Brittani Kline (/wiki/Brittani_Kline) v t e America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Seasons (cycle) (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) 1 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) 2 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) 4 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) 5 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) 6 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_6) 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) 8 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_8) 9 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_9) 10 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_10) 11 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_11) 12 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_12) 13 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_13) 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) 15 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_16) 17: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_17) All-Stars 18: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_18) British Invasion 19: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_19) College Edition 20: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_20) Guys & Girls 21: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_21) Guys & Girls 22: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_22) Guys & Girls 23 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_23) 24 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_24) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_contestants) Winners Adrianne Curry (/wiki/Adrianne_Curry) Yoanna House (/wiki/Yoanna_House) Eva Pigford (/wiki/Eva_Marcille) Naima Mora (/wiki/Naima_Mora) Nicole Linkletter (/wiki/Nicole_Linkletter) Danielle Evans (/wiki/Dani_Evans) CariDee English (/wiki/CariDee_English) Jaslene 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Lio Tipton (/wiki/Lio_Tipton) Marjorie Conrad (/wiki/Marjorie_Conrad) Isis King (/wiki/Isis_King) Allison Harvard (/wiki/Allison_Harvard) Natalie Pack (/wiki/Natalie_Pack) Laura Kirkpatrick (/wiki/Laura_Kirkpatrick) Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) Eboni Davis (/wiki/Ebonee_Davis) AzMarie Livingston (/wiki/AzMarie_Livingston) Jasmia Robinson (/wiki/Jasmia_Robinson) Leila Goldkuhl (/wiki/Leila_Goldkuhl) Cory Wade Hindorff (/wiki/Cory_Wade_Hindorff) Chantelle Young (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Khrystyana Kazakova (/wiki/Khrystyana_Kazakova) Related series Modelville (/wiki/Modelville) (2008) Stylista (/wiki/Stylista) (2008) True Beauty (/wiki/True_Beauty_(American_TV_series)) (2009–2010) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Texas (/wiki/Portal:Texas) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐rz5q9 Cached time: 20240712171106 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, 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Fashion merchandising can be defined as the planning and promotion of sales by presenting a product to the right market at the proper time, by carrying out organized, skillful advertising, using attractive displays, etc. Merchandising, within fashion retail, refers specifically to the stock planning, management, and control process. Fashion Merchandising is a job that is done world- wide. This position requires well-developed quantitative skills, and natural ability to discover trends, meaning relationships and interrelationships among standard sales and stock figures. In the fashion industry, there are two different merchandising teams: the visual merchandising team, and the fashion merchandising team. The visual merchandising team are the people in charge of designing the layout, floor plan, and the displays of the store in order to increase sales. The fashion merchandising team are the people who are involved in the production of fashion designs and distribution of final products to the end consumer. Fashion merchandisers work with designers to ensure that designs will be affordable and desired by the target market. Fashion merchandising involves apparel, accessories, beauty, and housewares. The end goal of fashion merchandising in any of these departments is to earn a profit. Fashion merchandisers' decisions can considerably impact the success of the manufacturer, designer, or retailer for which they work. In essence, they are the backbone of the fashion business, expressing a creative vision into substantial results that drive success. By staying conscious of the latest fashion trends and consumer preferences, merchandising teams make sure that a brand's offerings are not only aesthetically pleasing to their customers, but also commercially viable. Background [ edit ] During ancient (/wiki/Ancient_history) times, individuals shopped in markets (/wiki/Market_(place)) for goods. The ancients were attracted to rare fashions that brought variation and excitement into their lives. These markets have transformed into today's department, specialty, and discount retailers. For many years, businesspeople in the fashion industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) were convinced that they could persuade consumers to desire their particular products. Fashion executives had no interest in the needs and wants of consumers. However, fashion personnel realized that they would have to adapt fashion items to the demands (/wiki/Demand) of consumers. Rights of merchandising [ edit ] In modern merchandising, distribution responsibilities are absent, and focus is placed on planning and analysis. A separate team is tasked with distribution. Large organizations separate merchandisers by type. There are retail merchandisers and product merchandisers. Retail merchandisers manage store allocation and must maximize sales. Product merchandisers manage the flow of materials to suppliers and then the flow of product to stores. Product merchandisers then pass control of product to the retail merchandisers. Modern Structure Many large organizations have concluded that distribution requires highly detailed work and that it is necessary to have a team specifically for that purpose. This is due to the fine details of allocation, which require focus on aspects such as colour and sizes for a specific store. This approach not only minimizes costs, but also extends to areas like better control of the overall process. Organizations that do not conduct distribution this way risk losing control of their stock at both the highest and lowest level. This is a result of the lack of uniformity and oversight. The distribution team specializes not only in managing distribution, but they are also focused on sales and profit. They employ detailed, accurate information about distribution points sourced from product planners. They possess the ability to manage dynamic stock demands. They partner with buyers and merchandisers for any necessary repeat buying. Though they are positioned to manage stock, they still operate within the limits of the buying plan, and merchandisers ensure they remain within this realm. Buyers provide guidelines for distribution, such as the type of stores where product should be distributed; for example, a product may have only been acquired for the top 3 stores. The team also supports the goals of an organization through being instrumental in responding to trends. The nature of modern analysis has allowed many merchandisers to plan as much as four seasons ahead, and they are expected to apply the data. This further increases the demands placed on their roles and emphasizes the need to task out minor details that do not require their input or much of their supervision. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) Fashion merchandisers follow the five rights of merchandising (/wiki/Merchandising) , or 5Rs, to ensure that they properly meet the needs of consumers; thus, turning a profit. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The five rights of merchandising include: the right merchandise (/wiki/Merchandise) at the right price (/wiki/Price) at the right time in the right place in the right quantities. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) By researching and answering the five rights of merchandising, fashion merchandisers can gain an understanding of what products consumers want, when and where they wish to make purchases, and what prices will have the highest demand. Both fashion retailers and manufacturers utilize the 5Rs. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Manufacturers [ edit ] Clothing manufacturers practice fashion merchandising differently than retailers. Manufacturer merchandisers forecast (/wiki/Fashion_forecasting) customers' preferences for silhouettes, sizes, colors, quantities, and costs each season. When making decisions, manufacturer merchandisers must keep retailers and end consumers in mind. Following the forecasting stage, manufacturer merchandisers meet with designers to develop products that consumers will purchase most. By referring to the five rights of merchandising, manufacturer merchandisers determine the best fabric, notions, product methods, and promotions for products. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) These decisions all contribute to final retail costs, which must be affordable to end consumers. Retailers [ edit ] Main article: Fashion merchant (/wiki/Fashion_merchant) Kleider Bauer Flagship In comparison to manufacturer merchandisers, retailer merchandisers also begin their process by forecasting industry and fashion trends with their target markets in mind. Sales are predicted in retail dollars and beginning of the month (BOM) stock. Similar to manufacturer merchandisers, retailer merchandisers must make all decisions regarding the final consumer. Decisions are made based on the past, present, and future of the economy, sales, industry and fashion trends, region and world events, and the fashion cycle. When selecting merchandise to offer, retailer merchandisers will consider their target markets' color, style, size, and cost preferences. Once accurate decisions are made, retailer merchandisers will order goods from vendors or produce private labels (/wiki/Private_label) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Following shipment, ordered seasonal apparel assortments are strategically arranged on sales floors, or visually merchandised (/wiki/Visual_merchandising) . Education [ edit ] Individuals interested in building a career in fashion merchandising should earn an associate's or bachelor's degree in fashion merchandising or a related field, such as marketing. Relevant courses include, but are not limited to, fashion, accounting, economics, textile and merchandising, psychology, marketing, and management. In addition to schooling, those aspiring to work as fashion merchandisers are required to do an internship with any retail company of their choice as well as work in the retail field. It is also suggested that one stays caught up in the latest fashion trends, which can be done by reading blogs, magazines, traveling, and shopping. A fashion merchandiser will not only be responsible for choosing the best clothes, but for making the store appealing to the eye. The proper education is very important in order to be successful in this career. Careers [ edit ] Fashion merchandising careers are as follows: Buyer: Develop six-month buying plans and order assortments for each season. Travel to markets and trade shows to purchase the latest fashions for stores. [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) Account executive: The liaison between manufacturers and buyers. Handle several retail accounts, present manufactures' lines to buyers, and relay fashion and promotional information. [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) Store manager: Hiring, training, and overseeing employees as well as monitoring sales for a specific retail store. [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) Merchandise coordinator: Responsible for visual merchandising. A liaison between the manufacturer and retailer. [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) Showroom manager: Display fashion lines, present collections, and manage multiple retail accounts. Also, manage expenses and ensure profitability. [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) Merchandise planner: Assist a fashion company with meeting objectives through technologically and mathematically calculated solutions. Additionally, discover trends, develop financial plans, and determine merchandise reorders. [3] (#cite_note-:02-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:2_1-0) Hebrero, Miguel (2015-10-15). Fashion Buying and Merchandising: From mass-market to luxury retail . Printed in the USA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781517632946 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Steele, Valerie; Stone, Elaine (2010). The Berg Companion to Fashion . Oxford: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 296–297 – via Berg Fashion Library. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising. "Exciting Careers in Fashion Merchandising & Marketing Await!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161121192844/http://fidm.edu/en/majors/merchandise+marketing/careers) . fidm.edu . Archived from the original (http://fidm.edu/en/majors/merchandise+marketing/careers/) on 2016-11-21 . 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American fashion model and artist This biographical article is written like a résumé (/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRESUME) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amanda_Googe&action=edit) by revising it to be neutral (/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV) and encyclopedic (/wiki/Wikipedia:MOSBIO) . ( December 2019 ) Amanda Googe Born 1992 or 1993 (age 31–32) Nationality American (/wiki/Americans) Alma mater Brown University (/wiki/Brown_University) Modeling information Height 1.77 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Agency Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (New York, Paris, Milan) (mother agency) Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (London) [1] (#cite_note-1) Amanda Googe is an American fashion model and artist. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Googe was scouted in high school. After graduating from Brown University (/wiki/Brown_University) , she began modeling professionally, debuting as a Prada (/wiki/Prada) exclusive; it is considered the highest feat for a new model. In addition to a Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) -photographed Prada campaign, [3] (#cite_note-3) she walked for the likes of Dries van Noten (/wiki/Dries_van_Noten) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) , Isabel Marant (/wiki/Isabel_Marant) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) , Narciso Rodriguez (/wiki/Narciso_Rodriguez) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Erdem (/wiki/Erdem_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) , 3.1 Phillip Lim (/wiki/3.1_Phillip_Lim) , Loewe (/wiki/Loewe_(fashion_brand)) , Sacai (/wiki/Sacai) (which she opened), and Acne Studios (/wiki/Acne_Studios) (which she closed). [4] (#cite_note-HBUK-4) She also opened and closed for Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) couture. [5] (#cite_note-5) She has appeared in Chinese, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese and Thai editions of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , as well as Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) France, Russh (/wiki/Russh) , WSJ (/wiki/WSJ) , L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) USA, and T (/wiki/T_(magazine)) . As an artist, Googe has featured her works in Los Angeles. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Amanda Googe - Model" (https://models.com/models/amanda-googe) . models.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "How Amanda Googe Went From Modeling for Chanel to Making Surrealist Art" (https://www.vogue.com/article/amanda-googe-model-artist-my-aliens-exhibit) . Vogue . 16 April 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "AMANDA GOOGE" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/amanda-googe) . Interview . 14 March 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-HBUK_4-0) "Watch This Face: Amanda Googe" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/a36947/watch-this-face-amanda-googe/) . Harper's Bazaar UK . 25 April 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Valentino Couture Model is Also an Ivy League Graduate" (https://www.vogue.com/article/amanda-googe-valentino-opener-art-student) . Vogue . 8 July 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Amanda Googe Explores the Alien Hidden Inside All of Us" (https://www.papermag.com/amanda-googe-my-aliens-show-2630835667.html) . Paper Magazine . 6 March 2019. 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Historic structure in Austin, Texas Scarbrough Building Location in Texas (/wiki/Texas) Location in United States Show map of Texas Show map of the United States Show all General information Architectural style Chicago (/wiki/Chicago_school_(architecture)) Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture) Location 101 W. Sixth Street Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) 78701 Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 30°16′04″N 97°44′36″W / 30.2678°N 97.7433°W / 30.2678; -97.7433 Named for Emerson Monroe Scarbrough, Sr. Groundbreaking 1908 Completed 1910 Renovated 1931 Height 110 feet (34 m) Technical details Floor count 8 Design and construction Architect(s) Sanguinet & Staats (/wiki/Sanguinet_%26_Staats) Renovating team Architect(s) Wyatt C. Hedrick (/wiki/Wyatt_C._Hedrick) , Edwin C. Kreisle Scarbrough Building Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (/wiki/Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmark) Designated 2001 Reference no. 12733 [1] (#cite_note-atlas.thc.state.tx.us-1) The Scarbrough Building is a historic commercial building in downtown (/wiki/Downtown_Austin) Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) . Located on the corner of Congress Avenue and Sixth Street, the Chicago-style (/wiki/Chicago_school_(architecture)) building was originally home to the flagship E.M. Scarbrough & Sons department store, simply known as Scarbrough's by locals. The building was the first steel-framed high-rise (/wiki/Tower_block) in Austin. In 1931, a renovation introduced Art Deco (/wiki/Art_deco_architecture) elements to the building; the renovation also made Scarbrough's the first retailer to have air conditioning (/wiki/Air_conditioning) (“manufactured weather”) west of the Mississippi River (/wiki/Mississippi_River) . [2] (#cite_note-Century-2) The building was named a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (/wiki/Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmark) in 2001. [1] (#cite_note-atlas.thc.state.tx.us-1) History [ edit ] The building was initially constructed starting in 1908 by Emerson Monroe Scarbrough, Sr., a former Confederate soldier (/wiki/Confederate_States_Army) , to house the flagship location for his department store. [2] (#cite_note-Century-2) The retail store had originally opened in 1874 in Rockdale, Texas (/wiki/Rockdale,_Texas) under the name of H.P. Hale, later becoming Scarbrough & Hicks. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1893 Scarbrough left R.H. Hicks in charge of the store and moved with his family to Austin, expanding the business to a new location in the Kreisle Building at the 400 block of Congress Avenue (/wiki/Congress_Avenue) . In 1905, Scarbrough hired architects Sanguinet & Staats (/wiki/Sanguinet_%26_Staats) to design a new building for the department store. When the new building was completed in 1909, it was the tallest in the state, but George W. Littlefield (/wiki/George_W._Littlefield) added a ninth story to his new building across the street to steal the title a year later. [2] (#cite_note-Century-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In an era where goods were bargained, Scarbrough's was a pioneer in price tagging (/wiki/Price_tag) every item in the store. [8] (#cite_note-8) E.M. Scarbrough bought out and renamed the business with his sons, J. William and Lemuel Scarbrough, in 1913. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 1931, the Scarbrough sons hired architects Wyatt C. Hedrick (/wiki/Wyatt_C._Hedrick) and Edwin C. Kreisle (/w/index.php?title=Edwin_C._Kreisle&action=edit&redlink=1) for a renovation of the building. The Scarbrough Building was completely remodeled in an Art Deco facade, with shop windows widened from 6 ft. (2 m). In its heyday, the department store occupied 95,000 sq. ft. (8,800 m 2 ) spanning three stories, including 10 departments on the ground floor alone. Growth after World War II (/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion) would redefine shopping habits among the city's new residents. In the 1970s, a branch store was opened at Highland Mall (/wiki/Highland_Mall) . In 1981, a Scarbrough's store opened as an anchor at Barton Creek Square (/wiki/Barton_Creek_Square) . [10] (#cite_note-10) The struggling downtown store closed its doors in 1982 after dismal Christmas season (/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season#Shopping) sales. The last remaining Scarbrough's store, located on North Lamar Boulevard, closed its doors in December 2009. [2] (#cite_note-Century-2) After Scarbrough's department store closed, the building's ground floor and basement were home to numerous retail stores, including Brooks Brothers (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) [11] (#cite_note-11) and Gold's Gym (/wiki/Gold%27s_Gym) . Punch Bowl Social, an entertainment venue, signed a lease for the ground floor and basement level of the building in 2019. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2023, the Building became the campus of the new University of Austin (/wiki/University_of_Austin) , a private university which was founded two years prior. [13] (#cite_note-13) Gallery [ edit ] Bird's eye view of the Scarbrough Building in 2007 Sixth Street entrance Close-up view of Art Deco ornamentation References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b 12733 (https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5453012733) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Wermund, Ben (September 22, 2012). "Littlefield, Scarbrough buildings mark a century in Austin" (https://www.statesman.com/article/20120922/NEWS/309229271) . Austin American-Statesman . Retrieved June 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Lucille McCann Dennis. "History of Rockdale, TX" (http://www.milamcountyhistoricalcommission.org/newspaper_093.php) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "E.M. Scarbrough & Sons". The National Magazine . Vol. 50. Bostonian Publishing Company. 1922. p. 471. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Scarborough Building" (http://ecrtx.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Scarbrough-Building_History-Flyer.pdf) (PDF) . Ecrtx.com . Retrieved 2017-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Scarbrough Building, 1939" (http://www.richardzelade.com/scarbrough1939.htm) . Richardzelade.com . 1939-04-23 . Retrieved 2017-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gelbert, Doug (1929-10-13). "Austin TX — Books by Doug Gelbert" (http://www.douggelbert.com/austin-tx) . Douggelbert.com . Retrieved 2017-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) " (https://thegreatindoorsman.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/are-you-being-served-scarboroughs-department-store-1893-1982-3-2/) "Austin Askew"–Chapter XXI– "Are you being served?" Scarborough's Department Store, 1893-1982. | The Great Indoorsman" (https://thegreatindoorsman.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/are-you-being-served-scarboroughs-department-store-1893-1982-3-2/) . Thegreatindoorsman.wordpress.com . 2012-04-29 . Retrieved 2017-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "[Historic Marker Application: J.W. and Cornelia Scarbrough House] - Page 19 of 79 - The Portal to Texas History" (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth491862/m1/19/) . Texashistory.unt.edu . Retrieved 2017-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Iadenorf, Kirk (August 12, 1981). "Mall may get seventh big store" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/379274931) . Austin American-Statesman . Retrieved May 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Harris, Anne (2011-07-14). "Brooks Brothers Fits Right Into the Scarborough Building: Menswear institution opening in Congress Avenue landmark Fall 2011 - Design" (http://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/design/2011-07-14/brooks-brothers-fits-right-into-the-scarborough-building/) . The Austin Chronicle (/wiki/The_Austin_Chronicle) . Retrieved 2017-03-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hawkins, Lori (February 9, 2019). "Punch Bowl Social signs lease for downtown Austin venue" (https://www.statesman.com/news/20190208/punch-bowl-social-signs-lease-for-downtown-austin-venue) . Austin American-Statesman . Retrieved June 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) McGee, Kate (2023-11-08). "With $200 million and state approval, University of Austin is ready to start accepting applicants" (https://www.texastribune.org/2023/11/08/university-austin-uatx-launch-2024/) . The Texas Tribune (/wiki/The_Texas_Tribune) . 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Hobby, Jr. State Office Building (/wiki/William_P._Hobby,_Jr._State_Office_Building) Education Primary and secondary schools Austin ISD (/wiki/Austin_Independent_School_District) former Austin HS (/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin_High_School_(Austin,_Texas)) (now ACC Rio Grande) Headwaters School (/wiki/Headwaters_School) (former Khabele School) Colleges and universities Austin Community College (/wiki/Austin_Community_College) (ACC) Rio Grande campus Skyscrapers and complexes 360 Condominiums (/wiki/360_Condominiums) The Ashton (/wiki/The_Ashton) Austin Centre (/wiki/Austin_Centre) The Austonian (/wiki/The_Austonian) Bank of America Center (/wiki/Bank_of_America_Center_(Austin,_Texas)) Block 21 (/wiki/Block_21) Moody Theater (/wiki/Moody_Theater) W Austin Hotel and Residences (/wiki/W_Austin_Hotel_and_Residences) Block 185 (/wiki/Block_185) Fairmont Austin (/wiki/Fairmont_Austin) Fifth & West (/wiki/Fifth_%26_West_Residences) Frost Bank Tower (/wiki/Frost_Bank_Tower) Hilton Austin Hotel (/wiki/Hilton_Austin_Hotel) Indeed Tower (/wiki/Indeed_Tower) The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent_(Austin,_Texas)) Norwood Tower (/wiki/Norwood_Tower) The Northshore (/wiki/The_Northshore) One American Center (/wiki/One_American_Center) One Eleven Congress (/wiki/One_Eleven_Congress) San Jacinto Center (/wiki/San_Jacinto_Center) Scarbrough Building Sixth and Guadalupe (/wiki/Sixth_and_Guadalupe) Spring (/wiki/Spring_(building)) Westgate Tower (/wiki/Westgate_Tower) Parks Wooldridge Park (/wiki/Wooldridge_Park) Other landmarks Buford Tower (/wiki/Buford_Tower) Cathedral of Saint Mary (/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Mary_(Austin,_Texas)) The Contemporary Austin (/wiki/The_Contemporary_Austin) Driskill Hotel (/wiki/Driskill_Hotel) Gethsemane Lutheran Church (/wiki/Gethsemane_Lutheran_Church) Lundberg Bakery (/wiki/Lundberg_Bakery_(Austin,_Texas)) Paramount Theatre (/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Austin,_Texas)) Liberty Lunch (/wiki/Liberty_Lunch) (closed) William Sidney Porter House (/wiki/William_Sidney_Porter_House) Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge (/wiki/Ann_W._Richards_Congress_Avenue_Bridge) Seaholm Power Plant (/wiki/Seaholm_Power_Plant) CapMetro Rail (/wiki/CapMetro_Rail) stations Downtown (/wiki/Downtown_station_(CapMetro_Rail)) This list is incomplete. 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Iraqi women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Iraq portal (/wiki/Portal:Iraq) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Iraqi fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Iraqi_fashion_designers) . It includes Iraqi fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6jf8z Cached time: 20240720101409 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.070 seconds Real time usage: 0.130 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3941/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 297/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.040/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 937573/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 117.868 1 -total 53.47% 63.027 1 Template:Non-diffusing 32.96% 38.845 1 Template:Portal 28.28% 33.329 1 Template:Single_namespace 23.06% 27.176 2 Template:Category_other 22.34% 26.327 1 Template:Cmbox 13.42% 15.821 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 4.63% 5.459 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.02% 1.203 1 Template:Template_other 0.87% 1.021 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72304377-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720101409 and revision id 1177798352. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Iraqi women fashion designers" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Reem Alasadi (/wiki/Reem_Alasadi) S Hana Sadiq (/wiki/Hana_Sadiq) Tamara Salman (/wiki/Tamara_Salman) Z Zeena Zaki (/wiki/Zeena_Zaki) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Iraqi_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798352 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Iraqi_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798352) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Iraqi fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Iraqi_fashion_designers) Iraqi women artists (/wiki/Category:Iraqi_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐895674c4f‐mnc52 Cached time: 20240716215800 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.038 seconds Real time usage: 0.052 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1490/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.021/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 715052/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 41.726 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 41.726 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69618931-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716215800 and revision id 1062467178. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Models from Ehime Prefecture" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . M Kaoru Mitsumune (/wiki/Kaoru_Mitsumune) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Ehime_Prefecture&oldid=1062467178 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Ehime_Prefecture&oldid=1062467178) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Japanese models by prefecture (/wiki/Category:Japanese_models_by_prefecture) People from Ehime Prefecture (/wiki/Category:People_from_Ehime_Prefecture)
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British retailer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Blacks_Outdoor_Retail) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Blacks_Outdoor_Retail) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Blacks_Outdoor_Retail) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 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Please help by spinning off (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections) or relocating (/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia) any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not) . ( April 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Blacks Outdoor Retail Ltd. Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) ( subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) ) Industry Outdoors and Camping Founded 1861 in Greenock (/wiki/Greenock) Headquarters Bury (/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester) , United Kingdom Area served UK Key people CEO Lee Bagnall Products Outdoor, camping, walking, skiing and mountaineering equipment Number of employees 3,500 Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) JD Sports Fashion plc (/wiki/JD_Sports) Website www (http://www.blacks.co.uk) .blacks (http://www.blacks.co.uk) .co (http://www.blacks.co.uk) .uk (http://www.blacks.co.uk) Blacks Outdoor Retail Ltd. is a British retailer (/wiki/Retailer) , headquartered in Bury, Greater Manchester (/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester) the United Kingdom which owns the British outdoor retailers Blacks, Millets and Ultimate Outdoors. Blacks is the largest outdoor retailer in the UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) with stores nationwide. The company entered administration (/wiki/Administration_(law)) in 2012 and is now owned by JD Sports Fashion plc (/wiki/JD_Sports) . JD made a cash offer of £20 million for the majority of the retailer's 300 UK stores and said it will retain the majority of Blacks' 3,500 staff. [1] (#cite_note-1) Since the acquisition by JD Sports, Blacks head offices have been relocated to JD's head offices in Bury (/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester) . History [ edit ] In 1931, Blacks of Greenock (/wiki/Greenock) published the first Good Companions catalogue. In the Second World War, Blacks made tents for the Army and Navy and made fenders (/wiki/Fender_(boating)) for boats on D-Day. During the early part of the war, the workshops in Greenock were destroyed by a parachute mine (/wiki/Parachute_mine) on 8 May 1941. They had a number of retail stores throughout the UK selling and renting camping equipment, climbing and mountaineering supplies. The company was run from Greenock by Robin Duthie in the 1970s. A Canadian retail subsidiary opened in 1958. Throughout the 1960s, it bought smaller companies including Jackson Camping. Then in 1967, it bought Benjamin Edgington Ltd, a long established independent tent, flag and marquee maker, creating a new southern base with another manufacturing facility and offices from where it ran its sales and Marketing team led by John Jackson. In 1970, it engineered a reverse takeover (/wiki/Reverse_takeover) of the public company retailer Milletts Stores (1928) Limited that had 28 stores under the management of Anthony Millett, who had taken over after his father's death. The Group then became known as Blacks Camping and Leisure. [2] (#cite_note-2) There was another take over of retailer Greenfield Millets in 1985, and the Group become Blacks Camping and Leisure plc. In 1994, Blacks Camping became Blacks Outdoors. The Blacks Leisure Group formed in 1985, is now defunct as a company. It survived financial difficulties in 1986 and 2009. In September 1986, the company and its 280 employees and 44 stores almost went into receivership. A £3.3 million offer came from the Sears Group who owned Millets, but this transaction was not completed. It received a cash injection from investors to keep it afloat the following month. It bought Miss Sam Holdings, a childrenswear company, in July 1987 for £45 million. At this time, it was headed by Bernard Garbacz. In 1989 it moved its operations to Washington, Tyne & Wear (/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_%26_Wear) . It bought the Outdoor Group, which included Millets and Free Spirit, in November 1999 for £51 million, having first offered £55 million. At the time, Blacks had 42 stores and a 40% share in the Fila (/wiki/Fila_(company)) UK Ltd sportswear firm; it sold this share to the parent company in July 2000 for £12 million. In May 2002 it sold its sports division, 187 First Sport outlets, to JD Sports (/wiki/JD_Sports) for £53.2 million [3] (#cite_note-3) and bought 47 outlets of Famous Army Stores (/wiki/Famous_Army_Stores) in February 2002. In July 2003 it bought the Just Add Water chain of 10 shops for £4.3 million. In November 2004 it bought 27 Outdoor outlets for £2.6 million from The Scout Association (/wiki/The_Scout_Association) . Until 2006, it engaged in an expansion of its business by opening many new stores, especially on retail parks. This expansion was short-lived. Financial troubles [ edit ] In 2008/9 it made a loss of £6.8 million, which was a pre-tax loss of £14.4 million. Freespirit and O'Neill were not selling well, but the more well known stores were better. In early 2009 it had 12 O'Neill surf shops, but later that year Blacks is thought to have entered talks with Ronald De Waal (owner of the O'Neill brand name) to try to arrange a deal with O'Neill and Logo Group International, based in the Netherlands, to offload the stores. A deal never materialised, and the stores faced closure when Sandcity, the company who held the licence to sell and distribute O'Neill in the UK, was put into administration. Sandcity had been based in Washington, Tyne and Wear (/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear) , which itself closed in May 2008, moving to the Northampton headquarters. The first UK-based O'Neill store opened in December 1997 in Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) . Sandcity went into administration on 23 September 2009. This had to happen when the bank (Lloyds) refused Blacks' offer to convert them into Blacks and Millets stores. [4] (#cite_note-4) The wholesale licence of O'Neill in the UK was handed back to Logo Group International, based in the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) at the same time. In October 2009, 89 stores where closed as part of a restructuring, after the company went through a CVA (/wiki/Trading_while_insolvent_(UK)) which was supported by a huge majority of creditors. Before the closure it had 256 Millets, 116 Blacks and 32 Freespirit. By February 2010 it had 208 Millets, 92 Blacks and 13 Freespirit. The CVA was executed and Blacks exited a number of loss-making stores, but not before a number of the stores classed as "loss making" underwent an extensive refurbishment program using around £6 million of capital. The most costly of these stores was the Air Land and Sea store at Bluewater shopping centre in Kent. [5] (#cite_note-5) After a costing an estimated £3m and branded "the first of many to open in the UK", the store was in operation for less than 12 months, and closed as part of a CVA. Of all the stores refurbished, they were originally reported to be trading ahead of the rest of the estate. Several of the newly refurbished stores remained loss-making, and were closed when a CVA was agreed. Of the refurbished stores, the newly refurbished Blacks store at the ex-Freespirit site in Northampton was also closed. On 23 November 2009, it reached an agreement with its creditors, landlords of its stores, which needed 75% backing. This saved the company from liquidation (/wiki/Liquidation) , with a period of great uncertainty from September to November In early 2010, the company received a £26 million takeover offer from Sports Direct (/wiki/Sports_Direct) , which it fought off. Sports Direct owned around 30% of Blacks' shares. It was at this time that Blacks sold off its Mambo boardwear arm for an estimated £800,000 to New Zealand born Andrew Gerrie (CEO of Lush cosmetics). Private equity funds, including the owner of rival Cotswold Outdoor, circled Blacks after it confirmed early talks on a possible offer in late October 2010. [6] (#cite_note-6) On 7 December 2011, the group was put up for sale. On 23 December 2011 the directors stated that the company was likely to enter receivership. The company was effectively insolvent and the shares likely to be worthless. Potential buyers would only be interested after an administration process. [7] (#cite_note-7) As a business, despite identified potential for VAT reclaims of over £1 million, Blacks entered a 'pre-pack' administration for only four hours, to allow the new owner JD Sports (/wiki/JD_Sports) to take the business forward debt-free. [8] (#cite_note-8) Back to profit in 2017 and now part of JD Sports Fashion, Blacks and Millets, led by CEO Lee Bagnall, returned to profit for the first time in almost ten years. The results announced as part of JD Sports annual results 11 April 2017 was taken as positive by the city, as JD shares rose to record levels. [9] (#cite_note-9) After 10 years in loss Blacks records a second consecutive year in profit.. Operations [ edit ] Blacks [ edit ] Blacks has 69 UK stores, originally specialising in the serious walking and hiking kit. Recently they have diversified to including running clothing and more fashion based lines. Black's of Greenock Chronological History including Thomas Black and Sons 1848 Thomas Black, aged 12, went off to sea for a few years. 1853 While in Port Phillip, Australia, he left his ship for the goldfields and spent two years gold-digging in the Ballarat District of southern Australia. 1856 Sailed home as a fare-paying passenger. Later, went to Spanish Guinea in West Africa as an agent for the London firm of Laughland & Brown, trading Calico and other goods for ivory. Returned to Glasgow after about eighteen months for a holiday. A second trip to the same place in West Africa was not satisfactory. He suffered badly from dysentery and eventually returned home, where he made a full recovery. 1861 Married and became employed as a sailmaker in Glasgow. 1863 After about two years learning the trade, he started his own sail-making business in Greenock, which prospered from the start. Thomas Black had a son, also named Thomas, who started his working life with his father, but seeing no future in the sail-making business, due to the decline in sailing ships brought about by the rise in steam engines, left with his wife and young family to join relatives ranching in California. 1904 Thomas Black Senior was now an old man and ill, so his son Thomas Junior was called home to wind up the failing business. Whilst journeying across America on his way home, he stopped off in Kansas City and saw a thriving canvas products business making tents, marquees and other large canvas goods. This set him thinking, and on returning home, decided not to close his father's business, but instead, to change the product range, to bell tents, marquees and garden tents for fetes and functions. 1905 Thomas Black Senior, the founder of the business, died. Thomas Junior became head of the firm, with his son, Daniel Crawford Black assisting. Hiring out equipment was begun with one-time sail-makers having to erect tents and marquees. 1914–18 During the First World War, manufactured large hospital marquees, army bell tents, ambulance covers and other canvas goods. 1921 Black's Travel Agency started at 18 Nicholson Street, Greenock, to meet the demand for emigrant passages to North America and Australasia. 1923 Thomas Black and Sons (Greenock) Ltd. incorporated. 1928 A London showroom opened at 15 Bury Street, W.C.1. (near the British Museum). 1930 An order was received from the Icelandic Government for 4,700 tents, as well as marquees, beds and bedding for the 14,000 visitors expected at the Millennial Celebrations of the opening of their Parliament. The tents supplied later became known as the 'Icelandic' tent. 1930 May. Thomas Black, Junior, died and his son, Crawford Black took over as head of the business. Blacks did much to encourage lightweight camping, and in 1931 produced the first 'Good Companions' catalogue. 1931 Thos. Black & Sons (Greenock) Ltd., were at 25, Cathcart Street, Greenock, with branches at: 15 Bury Street, London, W.C.1., and 5, Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow. Soon larger premises and offices were required in London, and a move was made to 22, Gray's Inn Road in the early thirties. William Nixon, a director of the firm in London, first started his career in the Bury Street premises. Around this time, the 'Good Companions' trade mark was registered. 1933 Lightweight camping gear supplied to Jock Scott, an ex soldier who walked from Greenock to Cape Town. With another set of equipment by Blacks, Jock Scott then walked across North America from San Francisco to New York. These two trips were an important showcase for Black's tents and equipment. 1930s Throughout this period and up to the outbreak of the Second world War, Blacks exhibited at all the various Outdoor and Camping exhibitions held in London. 1939 on the outbreak of war, the directors of Blacks were: D. C. Black; J. H. Black; M. P. Garvie; B. B. Black; W. R. Henderson, with the registered office at: 25 Cathcart Street, Greenock, the Glasgow Showrooms at 98 Mitchell Street, and London Showrooms at Holborn House, 22, Gray's Inn Road, W.C.1. A London warehouse was in use at 43, Marshgate Lane, E.15. 1939–45 Blacks made tents and other canvas goods, as well as down sleeping bags for the armed forces. Blacks also made and supplied hazel rod fenders for the Navy. 1941 May 7. Greenock premises completely destroyed in the blitz of Greenock. Temporary premises found. After the war, a new factory was leased on an industrial estate at Port Glasgow. In 1948, it was opened by the Rt. Hon. Hector Mcneil, Secretary of State for Scotland. 1946 Acquired the rival business of Camp and Sports Co-operators (trading as Camtors). Directors of this new acquisition shown as D.C. Black and W.R. Henderson. This was to be the first of many acquisitions by Blacks. 1948 New manufacturing premises at the Scottish Industrial Estate, Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire. New showrooms at: 2, Robertson Street, Greenock, and 126, Hope Street, Glasgow. Larger tents now available in various sizes. 1950 Branch at 2 Robertson Street, Greenock, closed. A new post war edition of the Good Companions Catalogue now available. 1951 The popular Good Companions tent of pre war days, re-styled and now available at £9.17.6. 1953 Acquired the business of City Camp & Sports (Birmingham) Ltd., of 86–87 Broad Street, Birmingham, 15. 1955-6 New Branch at 18, Nicholson Street, Greenock. Directors now D. C. Black (chairman); B. B. Black; W. R. Henderson; and London director: W. G. S. Nixon. 1957-8 Branch at 126, Hope Street, Glasgow, closed and a new showroom opened at 60, St. Vincent Street. 1958 A subsidiary company, Thomas Black & Sons (Canada) Ltd. opened at 222, Strathcona Avenue, Ottawa 1, Ontario, Canada. to market tents and equipment in North America. 1958 Late. Greenock showroom at 18, Nicholson Street, closed. 1959 Late. M. A. White appointed Sales Director. 1960s Exhibited a wide range of tents and equipment at a number of Camping and Outdoor Life Exhibitions held in the sixties. 1961 Glasgow Showroom moved again, this time to 132, St. Vincent Street. 1962 A warehouse opened in Ogdensburg, U.S.A. Thomas Black & Sons (Ogdensburg) Inc. at 930, Ford Street, Ogdensburg, New York, U.S.A. Blacks now one of the leading suppliers of camping and outdoor equipment in the UK. Mr R. G. Duthie appointed managing director of the Group. 1962 Acquired the prominent ski equipment and outdoor supplies firm of Jackson & Warr. Their London office was grouped with Camtors to become: Camtors, Jackson & Warr Ltd., while the Sheffield branch at 16–20 Corporation Street, Sheffield 3, remained independent within the group as Jackson & Warr (Sheffield) Ltd., at number 18, Corporation Street. 1963 Centenary of the company. A special commemorative brochure published. Almost 400 people now employed, while turnover had increased by five times in the last ten years. Acquired, Nottingham Camp & Sports Ltd., of Shakespeare Street, Nottingham. 1965 D. C. Black, chairman of the group awarded an M.B.E. in the New Year's Honours List in recognition of his efforts in the field of exports. 1965 March 31. W. R. Henderson retired after almost 30 years' service with the company. Mr Henderson was a member of the Camping Club for many years and it was through his interest in the club and a chance remark being passed that led to the acquisition by Blacks in 1946 of Camp & Sports Co-operators. 1965 July. An additional 10,000 square feet manufacturing extension opened at Port Glasgow to cater for the growing demand for tents and sleeping bags. 1966–67 An approach received from Silver & Edgington with a view to being taken over. On exchanging financial details however, it was seen that Blacks had the better trading position and profit record. It was mutually agreed that Blacks would effect a reverse takeover of Silver and Edgington Ltd., although in the Blacks' 1968 catalogue, it states that it was a merger between the two companies. 1967 July. On completion of this arrangement, the new group was named Black & Edgington Ltd., with Mr R.G. Duthie, the current managing director of Blacks, becoming the new Group M.D. Acquired the Scout Shop at 40–42 Marsh Street, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent. Later on in the year, acquired, Q. M. Stores branch, 250, High Street, Sutton, Surrey. 1968 Benjamin Edgington's shop in Shaftesbury Avenue, London W.1. closed and merged with Black's new branch at 53 Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, London. The recent acquisition of Players Sports Ltd., late of Newman Street, also moved to these extensive new premises, where the largest display of camping equipment was on show spread over three floors. Blacks retained their City branch at 22–24 Gray's Inn Road, London. Northern Division: Port Glasgow, Scotland. Southern Division: Ruxley Corner, Sidcup, Kent. Black's Camp & Canvas Hires Ltd., Ladyburn, Greenock, Scotland. Benjamin Edgington Hire Ltd., Tower Bridge, London, S.E.1. Player Sports had an agreement with British Rail, which saw the provision of stocks of camping equipment established at the Channel Ports of Dover and Newhaven in conjunction with the Big Fleet Car Ferry Service. 1968 December. New range of frame tents for 1969 – The Safari Range. Frame tents now a major feature in the catalogue and an important part of overall sales. 1969 September. The Leeds Camping Centre acquired. Previously owned by Yorkshire Camping Shops Ltd. 1970 Spring. Now operating the "U-Haul" trailer hire service with camping equipment hire linked with Sealink Cross-Channel Services. Also this year, a mobile exhibition unit built for touring the country and attending local demonstrations. 1970 Acquired the old West Country firm of Joseph Bryant & Co., manufacturers of caravan awnings, etc. 1970 Acquired the firm of Milletts Stores (1928) Ltd. The benefit here, was in the large number of retail outlets added to complement the growing number of revamped Blacks' Leisure shops being set up. 1972 Acquired Andrew Mitchell & Co. Ltd., a Scottish-based company manufacturing and supplying tarpaulins. This merger almost doubled the size of the group. 1972 Acquired Clares Carlton Ltd., a Somerset-based manufacturer of protective work-wear. 1976 October. Following many years of negotiation, acquired by mutual agreement the old established firm of John Edgington & Co. Ltd., of 108, Old Kent Road, London – tent makers and hirers, and suppliers of fine camping equipment par excellence since its inception in 1805. The latter half of the seventies however, saw Blacks in recession and in decline. All similar firms were in the same position. 1977–79 Acquired Vango (Scotland) Ltd., 47, Colvend Street, Glasgow, which became an associated company within the group. Their reputation was founded on quality products, of which the Force Ten range of tents were perhaps best known. They also made frame tents and sleeping bags. 1980 By this year, of the long established tents, only the Good Companions Standard, Major, and the Arctic Guinea, were available. There were, however, some new nylon tents, an Atlas range, and the long established Patrol tents. With decline due to recession obvious, it was all a far cry from the catalogue product list of twenty years ago. 1982 There were many problems affecting the camping and outdoor leisure industry (/wiki/Leisure_industry) in the seventies, some of them were 'home grown' through government legislation, while others were of an international nature. There was also the change in the public's buying habits. These problems impacted on firms like the Black & Edgington Group, giving a few years of recession. This recessional period lasted for a period of five to six years and peaked around 1979–81. Pay policies imposed by the Government, which were intended to limit inflation, did almost the exact opposite. With demand greatly diminished, the result for the Black & Edgington Group was that the factories at Bristol, Sidcup and Greenock had to be closed. The head office factory at Port Glasgow and the Mitchell Unit in Glasgow were the only two which survived. It was in the middle of all these problems with closures that the Board had to contend with a predator situation with regard to a small amount of equity. A very small percentage holding was sold by one of the non-executive directors to a third party, who in turn sold it to a body interested in purchasing part of the group. With continuing poor performance from the B&E Group, the predator increased his holding substantially. This became the situation as of June 1983, when it was made clear by the predator that a full bid could be made within a few days. The initial reaction was to reject any bid, but financial advisers made it clear, that in the light of the continuing poor performance and the time it might take to restore profits, a 'defence' was impractical, and it was in the best interests of shareholders to 'surrender'. 1983 Between June 1983 and 2 April 1984, the Group, as it had been, ceased to exist. The purchaser had made it clear throughout negotiations that he only wanted the Travel Division, and was prepared to sell off what remained to the highest bidder. As it happened, each division was sold off to its own management, with the exception of Blacks Camping and Leisure Shops, which went to others outside the group. Tent manufacturing became: Vango (Scotland) Ltd., thereby reverting to the position it had before being amalgamated with Blacks some years earlier. The company retains the Black & Edgington business registration number. Apart from the Bungalow and the large patrol tents (Icelandic, Stormhaven and Nijer), no other Blacks tents were continued by the successor owners, although some of Blacks sleeping bags, particularly the Icelandic range, were. The Hiring and Flag Divisions amalgamated to become Black & Edgington Ltd. under a management buy-out. With a London base at Stratford for a few years, the head office was at Needingworth Road, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire. Although still retaining its name, it subsequently became part of the Sellers Leisure Group until around 2002, when it then gave up its name as the Sellers Group became part of the Arena Event Services Group. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Millets [ edit ] In the UK after the first and second world wars there were many retailers trading under the name Milletts or Millets. There are tales that the original Millett family had many daughters and gave each a dowry of one or more stores which were then run by their sons-in-law under separate company names with qualifiers in brackets after the name such as (1928) Ltd or (Bristol) Ltd. They all sold government surplus clothing and equipment including camping and outdoor leisure goods. Milletts (1928) Ltd, with 28 stores was bought by Blacks of Greenock in 1970. [12] (#cite_note-12) Millets with 92 stores was founded in 1893 by Mr J.M. Millet and had two stores in Southampton (/wiki/Southampton) and Bristol (/wiki/Bristol) . In 1978, the company moved to Northampton. Includes own brands Eurohike and Peter Storm . In 1986, it formed Millets Leisure plc. This became the Outdoor Group in 1996 with 158 stores, which was bought by Blacks Leisure plc in 1999. Millets is not related to Millet (/wiki/Millet_(manufacturer)) , a French manufacturer of outdoor equipment. [13] (#cite_note-13) The 2008 album CSI:Ambleside (/wiki/CSI:Ambleside) by Half Man Half Biscuit (/wiki/Half_Man_Half_Biscuit) has a song that contains the line "There's a man with a mullet going mad with a mallet in Millets". [14] (#cite_note-14) Ultimate Outdoors [ edit ] A new store format called Ultimate Outdoors was introduced in Preston in July 2014, combining Blacks and Millets ranges with additional cycling, fishing and climbing ranges, as well as an in-store cafe. [ citation needed ] Sponsorship [ edit ] On 30 April 2013, Blacks Outdoor were announced as the new shirt sponsor for professional football team Oldham Athletic (/wiki/Oldham_Athletic_A.F.C.) for the 2013/14 season. [15] (#cite_note-15) On 25 June 2013, Blacks Outdoor were announced as the new shirt sponsor for Morecambe Football Club (/wiki/Morecambe_F.C.) for the 2013/14 season. [16] (#cite_note-16) Brands [ edit ] Own brands [ edit ] The company manufactures the following brands for sale in its Blacks and Millets stores: Peter Storm (/wiki/Peter_Storm_(clothing)) – clothing and footwear. Technicals – (withdrawn in 2012 but relaunched in September 2014) Eurohike – equipment such as rucksacks and tents. Blacks – equipment. Northridge - Clothing Withdrawn brands [ edit ] Blacks have withdrawn the following own-brands: Storm Shield – (although withdrawn as a brand in 2011, Peter Storm has used the name for its waterproof system since 2014.) Thomas Black – footwear (withdrawn in 2013) Equator – (withdrawn lifestyle brand) ALS (withdrawn lifestyle brand) Storm Tech (withdrawn end of 2009) Rare Species (withdrawn women's-only brand) High-Point (withdrawn, sold a limited number of equipment lines, notably walking poles and tents) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Barrett, Claer; Felsted, Andrea; Sakoui, Anousha (6 January 2012). "JD Sports set to rescue Blacks Leisure" (https://www.ft.com/content/fb4c061c-3839-11e1-9d07-00144feabdc0) . Financial Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180519084745/https://www.ft.com/content/fb4c061c-3839-11e1-9d07-00144feabdc0) from the original on 19 May 2018 . Retrieved 22 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Philip Rose, Marketing Manager 1970–1979 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ramblers return to Blacks" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2010669.stm) . BBC News. 27 May 2002 . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Administrators called to O'Neill" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8271831.stm) . BBC News. 23 September 2009 . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Air Land and Sea" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110720144705/http://www.bluewater.co.uk/news.aspx?urlkey=wh_newslist&newsid=158) . Bluewater Shopping Centre. 29 April 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.bluewater.co.uk/news.aspx?urlkey=wh_newslist&newsid=158) on 20 July 2011 . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Zoe Wood (24 October 2010). "Battered Blacks Leisure stakes its future on a takeover" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/oct/24/blacks-leisure-stakes-future-on-takeover) . The Observer . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Simon Bowers (23 December 2011). "Blacks and La Senza limp towards administration" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/dec/23/blacks-la-senza-head-administration) . The Guardian . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Blacks Leisure sold for £20m while La Senza finds buyer" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16464914) . BBC News. 9 January 2012 . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Home – JD Group" (https://www.jdplc.com/) . jdplc.com . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Graces Guide to British Industry ^ (#cite_ref-11) Philip Rose Marketing Manager 1970 – 1979 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Philip Rose Marketing Manager 1968–1979 ^ (#cite_ref-13) "French alpine brand Millet, inside story" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151005123453/http://www.outdoorsmagic.com/outdoor-features/its-mee-yay---we-meet-french-outdoor-brand-millet/14312.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.outdoorsmagic.com/outdoor-features/its-mee-yay---we-meet-french-outdoor-brand-millet/14312.html) on 5 October 2015 . Retrieved 5 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) National Shite Day lyrics (https://genius.com/Half-man-half-biscuit-national-shite-day-lyrics) ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Latics' Blacks' shirt sponsorship" (https://www.oldhamathletic.co.uk/news/2013/april/latics-blacks-shirt-sponsorship/) . oldhamathletic.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Morecambe Announce Sponsorship – News – Morecambe" (https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2013/june/morecambe-announce-sponsorship/) . morecambefc.com . 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Australian jewellery store chain Prouds the Jewellers Industry Retail Founded 1903 ; 121 years ago ( 1903 ) Founder William James Proud Headquarters Pitt Street (/wiki/Pitt_Street) , Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia Area served Sydney Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) Perth (/wiki/Perth) Key people William James Proud Products Jewellery Revenue A$600 million (2012) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) James Pascoe Group (/wiki/James_Pascoe_Group) Website prouds (https://prouds.com.au/) .com (https://prouds.com.au/) .au (https://prouds.com.au/) Prouds the Jewellers (commonly referred to as Prouds ) is an Australian jewellery business founded by William James Proud on Pitt Street (/wiki/Pitt_Street) , Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) in 1903. [1] (#cite_note-ProudsAbout-1) History [ edit ] Prouds in Westfield Sydney Street view of Prouds, corner of King (/wiki/King_Street,_Sydney) and Pitt Streets (/wiki/Pitt_Street) , ca. 1934 Prouds was founded in 1903 by clock and watchmaker William James "Bill" Proud (1871–1931). [1] (#cite_note-ProudsAbout-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) In 1971 Hooker Corporation (/wiki/LJ_Hooker) acquired Prouds' 72 stores [3] (#cite_note-BFM-3) and subsequently the business was sold to Goldmark Jewellers. [3] (#cite_note-BFM-3) In 1996 Pascoes (/wiki/James_Pascoe_Group) purchased the then 93-year-old Australian jeweller, saving it from administration. [4] (#cite_note-PascoeGolden-4) In 1996, Prouds had 67 stores. This increased to over 195 in 2013. [5] (#cite_note-PascoesAbout-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) After the acquisition of Farmers, Prouds jewellery kiosks were included in some Farmers stores across New Zealand as store-within-a-store (/wiki/Store-within-a-store) . [7] (#cite_note-Rich2006-7) However, after the purchase of Angus & Coote (/wiki/Angus_%26_Coote) , it was replaced with Goldmark (/wiki/Goldmark_Jeweller) , and Prouds is no longer marketed in New Zealand. In February 2008 Prouds lost a case against the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission) over 'illusory' 'was/now' price advertising. [8] (#cite_note-ACCCpicksonjewellery-8) [9] (#cite_note-MondaqProuds2008-9) The Federal Court of Australia (/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Australia) found two of Prouds' catalogues, for Valentine's Day (/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day) and Mother's Day (/wiki/Mother%27s_Day) 2006, breached the Trade Practices Act 1974 (/wiki/Competition_and_Consumer_Act_2010) . [10] (#cite_note-ACCCProuds2008-10) Prouds reported annual income of NZ$707.6 million in 2008–2009. [11] (#cite_note-Conquest-11) In 2012 Prouds was reported as being the largest retailer by market share in Australia's estimated A$3.8 billion jewellery industry. [12] (#cite_note-ReportWrong-12) The same report estimated Prouds revenue as A$600 million. [12] (#cite_note-ReportWrong-12) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Prouds: About Us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120804083315/http://www.prouds.com.au/about_us) . Archived from the original (http://www.prouds.com.au/about_us) on 4 August 2012 . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Fulloon, Gillian, "Proud, William James (Bill) (1871–1931)" (https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/proud-william-james-bill-8124) , Australian Dictionary of Biography , Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University , retrieved 6 September 2023 ^ Jump up to: a b "Colin Polkington: Nationwide" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042809/http://www.businessfirstmagazine.com.au/colin-polklington-nationwide-jewellers/9729/) . BFM Business First . Archived from the original (http://www.businessfirstmagazine.com.au/colin-polklington-nationwide-jewellers/9729/) on 28 March 2019 . Retrieved 13 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-PascoeGolden_4-0) Hendron, Joe (10 March 2007). "Pascoe's golden century" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140219044533/http://www.nduunion.org.nz/?q=pascoes_golden_century) . National Distribution Union . Archived from the original (http://www.nduunion.org.nz/?q=pascoes_golden_century) on 19 February 2014 . Retrieved 28 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-PascoesAbout_5-0) "Pascoes: About Us" (http://www.pascoes.co.nz/about-us) . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Prouds: Stores" (http://www.prouds.com.au/stores) . Retrieved 18 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rich2006_7-0) Hendren, Joe (21 July 2006). "The NBR Rich List 2006 – Anne and David Norman" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140220120505/http://www.nduunion.org.nz/?q=the_nbr_rich_list_2006_anne_and_david_norman) . National Distribution Union . Archived from the original (http://www.nduunion.org.nz/?q=the_nbr_rich_list_2006_anne_and_david_norman) on 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 13 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-ACCCpicksonjewellery_8-0) Nicholson, Coleby (18 February 2014). "ACCC Picks on Jewellery Retailers?" (http://www.jewellermagazine.com/Article.aspx?id=3880&h=ACCC-picks-on-jewellery-retailers%3F&vc=482) . Jewellers Magazine . Retrieved 19 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-MondaqProuds2008_9-0) George, Peter (22 February 2008). "Australia: Alert – ACCC v Prouds Jewellers Pty Ltd [2008] FCA 75" (http://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/57608/Alert+ACCC+v+Prouds+Jewellers+Pty+Ltd+2008+FCA+75) . Mondaq . Retrieved 19 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-ACCCProuds2008_10-0) "Court orders corrective advertising over Prouds' catalogue claims" (https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-orders-corrective-advertising-over-prouds-catalogue-claims) . Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission) . 11 April 2008 . Retrieved 19 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Conquest_11-0) Slade, Maria (26 September 2009), "Norman conquest" (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10599638) , New Zealand Herald (/wiki/New_Zealand_Herald) , retrieved 18 August 2013 ^ Jump up to: a b Nicholson, Coleby (8 May 2012). "Jewellery Report Gets it Wrong" (http://www.jewellermagazine.com/Article.aspx?id=2353&h=Jewellery-report-gets-it-wrong) . Jeweller Magazine . Retrieved 24 December 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.prouds.com.au/) Media related to Prouds (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prouds) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐pknkd Cached time: 20240719054516 Cache expiry: 1102486 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.367 seconds Real time usage: 0.554 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2092/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31791/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2025/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46564/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.202/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5985592/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 488.931 1 -total 35.14% 171.801 1 Template:Reflist 32.24% 157.609 1 Template:Infobox_company 29.87% 146.065 1 Template:Infobox 21.32% 104.236 4 Template:Cite_web 16.26% 79.520 1 Template:Short_description 10.60% 51.809 1 Template:URL 8.31% 40.617 2 Template:Pagetype 8.02% 39.194 1 Template:Commons_category-inline 7.70% 37.659 1 Template:Sister-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41825705-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719054516 and revision id 1175184936. 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American socialite and actress In this article, the surname (/wiki/Surname) is Trần (/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n) . Karrueche Tran Tran in 2019 Born Karrueche Minters ( 1988-05-17 ) May 17, 1988 (age 36) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , U.S. Occupations Socialite actress entrepreneur Partners Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) (2011–2012; 2014–2015); Victor Cruz (/wiki/Victor_Cruz_(American_football)) (2017-2021) Karrueche Tran ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) k ə ˈ r uː tʃ i ˈ t r æ n / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) kə- ROO -chee TRAN ; [1] (#cite_note-1) born May 17, 1988) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) is an American (/wiki/Americans) socialite, actress and adult content creator on OnlyFans (/wiki/OnlyFans) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Tran first gained public recognition for dating R&B singer Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) . She is best known for starring as Virginia Loc on the TNT (/wiki/TNT_(U.S._TV_network)) series Claws and for starring as Vivian Johnson in the web series (/wiki/Web_series) The Bay (/wiki/The_Bay_(web_series)) (2013–2016), for which she won Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Daytime Fiction Program (/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award) at the 2021 Daytime Emmy Awards. Her win made her the first person of Asian Pacific American (/wiki/Asian_Pacific_American) descent to win an Emmy for Lead Actress or Actor. [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) She received two additional Daytime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award) from production credits shared by the entire cast and crew when The Bay won Outstanding Digital Daytime Drama Series (/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Digital_Daytime_Drama_Series) in 2016 and 2017. Early life [ edit ] Tran is a native of Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) . [7] (#cite_note-bet._Karr-7) She was raised by her Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_people) mother and Jamaican (/wiki/Jamaicans) godmother. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Her father is African-American (/wiki/African_Americans) . Tran identifies as Blasian (/wiki/Blasian) , [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) and has a younger maternal half-brother. [12] (#cite_note-12) Tran first attended high school at Fairfax High School (/wiki/Fairfax_High_School_(Los_Angeles,_California)) before switching schools and graduating from Birmingham High School (/wiki/Birmingham_High_School) in 2006. [13] (#cite_note-viet_Karr-13) Career [ edit ] 2009–2014: Early career and The Bay [ edit ] From 2009 to 2012, she worked at Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) located at the Westfield Topanga (/wiki/Westfield_Topanga) mall in Canoga Park, California (/wiki/Canoga_Park,_California) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) She first gained public attention when she began dating R&B singer Chris Brown in 2011. [14] (#cite_note-:1-14) [15] (#cite_note-cele_Karr-15) Around that time, Tran began modeling for local brands. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) She was the face of Lady Crooks, the women's division under the streetwear brand Crooks and Castles for their Summer 2013 collection. [16] (#cite_note-the_source-16) She also began working on her own clothing line, The Kill. [17] (#cite_note-rolling_out-17) Tran gained wider prominence after starring as Vivian Johnson on the Emmy award (/wiki/Emmy_award) -winning web series The Bay from 2013 to 2016. [18] (#cite_note-Cast-18) For producing the series, she won three Daytime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2014, Tran appeared in volume one of the photography book, Love West Coast Girls , by celebrity photographer Mike Miller. [21] (#cite_note-Love_West_Coast_Girls-21) That same year, she hosted the BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards) red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) and multiple events during the official BET Weekend. She had previously co-hosted the BET (/wiki/Black_Entertainment_Television) show 106 & Park (/wiki/106_%26_Park) . Tran's TV One (/wiki/TV_One_(U.S._TV_network)) movie, The Fright Nite Files , was also screened that year. 2015–present: Film and television roles [ edit ] In 2015, Tran was featured in the Spring/Summer lookbook for French-based athletic brand Le Coq Sportif (/wiki/Le_Coq_Sportif) . [22] (#cite_note-Hypebeast-22) She also appeared on the covers of several magazines, including Rolling Out , [17] (#cite_note-rolling_out-17) Flaunt Magazine , [23] (#cite_note-OK_Mag-23) Ouch Magazine , The Hundreds , [24] (#cite_note-HighSnobiety-24) Cliche Magazine , Bleu Magazine [25] (#cite_note-Bleu_Magazine-25) and Annex Magazine , including two feature stories on ELLE.com (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . [26] (#cite_note-Elle1-26) [27] (#cite_note-Elle2-27) Her work led her to a contract with Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) LA in 2015. [28] (#cite_note-28) Tran's first featured film, 3-Headed Shark Attack (/wiki/3-Headed_Shark_Attack) , was released that summer, [29] (#cite_note-VH1-29) followed by the lead in the short film PrXde . [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) She later gained recognition for her performance as Vanessa Ivy in the fashion web series by StyleHaul (/wiki/StyleHaul) titled Vanity, sponsored by the makeup brand Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) . [32] (#cite_note-ad_week-32) After supporting roles in A Weekend with the Family and The Nice Guys (/wiki/The_Nice_Guys) , Tran landed the lead in Only for One Night , portraying Chloe, a married woman whose perfect life deals with betrayal when her sister drugs her husband and sleeps with him. [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) All three movies were released in 2016. That same year, she partnered up with ColourPop Cosmetics (/wiki/ColourPop_Cosmetics) to release the limited edition cosmetic collaboration, KaePop . [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) After her departure from The Bay , Tran began co-starring in TNT's (/wiki/TNT_(U.S._TV_network)) Claws (/wiki/Claws_(TV_series)) (2017), a TV series about five diverse manicurists working at the Nail Artisan of Manatee County salon in South Florida. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Tran was selected for her ability to bring "a layer [...] that wasn’t one note" to the character, according to showrunner Janine Sherman Barrois (/wiki/Janine_Sherman_Barrois) . [39] (#cite_note-39) In October 2019, it was announced that Tran had joined the cast of FOX (/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company) 's Deputy (/wiki/Deputy_(TV_series)) in a recurring role as Genevieve. [40] (#cite_note-40) In 2020, she returned to The Bay for its sixth season. [41] (#cite_note-41) In 2021, Tran won the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Daytime Fiction Program, making her the first person of Asian Pacific American (/wiki/Asian_Pacific_American) descent to win an Emmy. [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) In 2022, she became the host of Upcycle Nation, a Fuse TV (/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)) competition show focused on sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) . [42] (#cite_note-42) In 2023, Tran replaced Chanel West Coast (/wiki/Chanel_West_Coast) as one of the co-stars of the MTV (/wiki/MTV) show Ridiculousness (/wiki/Ridiculousness_(TV_series)) . In 2024, Tran launched an OnlyFans (/wiki/OnlyFans) account to sell pictures of her feet. [43] (#cite_note-43) Personal life [ edit ] Relationships [ edit ] Tran began dating R&B (/wiki/R%26B) singer Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) in November 2010. [44] (#cite_note-44) The couple briefly broke up when Brown reconciled with his ex-girlfriend, singer Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . After the latter's relationship ended, Tran and Brown continued their relationship, but split after it was revealed in March 2015 that Brown had welcomed a daughter with another woman. [45] (#cite_note-eonl_Karr-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) In February 2017, Tran was granted a temporary 100-yard restraining order against Brown after she accused him of harassing her on social media. [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) After testifying under oath, she was granted a 5-year restraining order against Brown in June 2017. [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) Tran dated former football player Victor Cruz (/wiki/Victor_Cruz_(American_football)) from late 2017 to early 2021. [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) [51] (#cite_note-51) Beliefs [ edit ] Tran is a Christian (/wiki/Christians) [52] (#cite_note-chri-52) [53] (#cite_note-chrimtv-53) and has stated: "This is about recognizing my mistakes and learning from them. I own up to all the poor choices I have made and pray for the better. I pray every day to God to strengthen me as a human and a young lady." [53] (#cite_note-chrimtv-53) Filmography [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2014 The Fright Night Files Monique TV movie 2015 3-Headed Shark Attack (/wiki/3-Headed_Shark_Attack) Maggie Video PrXde Kat Short 2016 A Weekend with the Family Courtney Clancy The Nice Guys (/wiki/The_Nice_Guys) Tally-in-Porn Only for One Night Chloe Welcome to Willits (/wiki/Welcome_to_Willits) Besh 2018 The Honor List (/wiki/The_Honor_List) Sophie Stephens Never Heard Paris 2019 Child's Play TiTi's Friend Short Jay and Silent Bob Reboot (/wiki/Jay_and_Silent_Bob_Reboot) Con-Ployee #2 2020 Embattled (/wiki/Embattled_(film)) Jade Boykins 2023 House Party (/wiki/House_Party_(2023_film)) Herself Divinity (/wiki/Divinity_(film)) Nikita Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2014 The Dead Diaries Lisa Episode: "Massacre" 2014-23 The Bay (/wiki/The_Bay_(web_series)) Vivian Johnson Main Cast 2015 Sneaker Shopping Herself Episode: "Karrueche" Iyanla, Fix My Life (/wiki/Iyanla,_Fix_My_Life) Herself Episode: "Iyanla Exclusive: Karrueche Tran" Punk'd (/wiki/Punk%27d) Herself Episode: "Kevin Hart & Karrueche Tran" Single Ladies (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(TV_series)) Samantha Gray Episode: "Build" Vanity Vanessa Ivy Main Cast Truth be Told (/wiki/Truth_Be_Told_(U.S._comedy_series)) Monica Episode: "The Wedding" 2016 Catfish (/wiki/Catfish:_The_TV_Show) Herself Episode: "Brandon and McKenna" Fashion Police (/wiki/Fashion_Police) Herself Episode: "2016 Billboard Music Awards" Car Matchmaker with Spike Feresten Herself Episode: "Karrs for Karrueche" Relationship Status Jane Episode: "The Wedding Party" 2017 The Joker's Wild (/wiki/The_Joker%27s_Wild) Herself/Co-Host Episode: "Use Your Brain And Make It Rain" 2017-18 Hip Hop Squares (/wiki/Hip_Hop_Squares) Herself/Panelist Recurring Panelist: Season 3 & 5 2017-22 Claws (/wiki/Claws_(TV_series)) Virginia Loc Main Cast 2018 Drop the Mic (/wiki/Drop_the_Mic) Herself/Contestant Episode: "Episode #2.5" Lip Sync Battle (/wiki/Lip_Sync_Battle) Herself/Competitor Episode: "Karrueche Tran vs. Deon Cole" 2019-23 Ridiculousness (/wiki/Ridiculousness_(TV_series)) Herself Recurring Guest 2020 Celebrity Game Face Herself Episode: "Sweatsuit Charades and Donut Holes" Deputy (/wiki/Deputy_(TV_series)) Genevieve Recurring Cast The Last O.G. (/wiki/The_Last_O.G.) Herself Episode: "Ballin" Queen of Stylez - Episode: "You've Never Seen A Wig Like This. Forreal." 2021 Cardi Tries (/wiki/Cardi_Tries) Herself Episode: "Cardi Tries Giving Tuesday" We Stay Looking Aisha James Episode: "Red Flavored Drink" Games People Play (/wiki/Games_People_Play_(2019_TV_series)) Eden Lazlo Main Cast: Season 2 2022 Upcycle Nation Herself/Host Main Host 2022-23 Bel-Air (/wiki/Bel-Air_(TV_series)) Ivy Recurring Cast Awards [ edit ] Year Award Category For/Role Work Result 2016 Daytime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award) Outstanding Digital Daytime Drama Series Producer (shared credit) The Bay Won Burbank International Film Festival (/wiki/Burbank_International_Film_Festival) Best Short, New Media Producer (shared credit) The Bay Won HollyWeb Festival (/wiki/HollyWeb_Festival) Best Online Soap Producer (shared credit) The Bay Won Indie Series Award (/wiki/Indie_Series_Awards) Drama Best Supporting Actress The Bay Nominated 2017 Daytime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award) Outstanding Digital Daytime Drama Series Producer (shared credit) The Bay Won Indie Series Award (/wiki/Indie_Series_Awards) Drama Best Supporting Actress The Bay Nominated 2021 Daytime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award) Daytime Fiction Program Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress The Bay Won References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Karrueche Tran on Chris Brown, her show "The Bay", And More! (Full Interview) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) ^ Jump up to: a b c Sloane, Stephanie (February 17, 2017). "ICYMI Karrueche Tran Interview" (http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/icymi-karrueche-tran-interview/) . Soap Opera Digest . Retrieved March 22, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Price, Joe. "Karrueche Tran Selling Feet Pics on Onlyfans Is Giving Some People Anxiety About the Economy" (https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/backwoodsaltar/karrueche-tran-selling-feet-pics-on-onlyfans) . Complex . Retrieved July 13, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Corrine, Amber (March 14, 2024). "Karrueche Tran Defends Selling Feet Pics On OnlyFans After Claims Of Her "Going Broke" (https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/karrueche-tran-selling-feet-pics-only-fans-1234860863/) " (https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/karrueche-tran-selling-feet-pics-only-fans-1234860863/) . VIBE.com . Retrieved July 13, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cordero, Rosy (July 19, 2021). "Alex Trebek, Zac Efron, Karrueche Tran, More, Announced As Daytime Emmy Fiction & Lifestyle Winners—Complete Winners List" (https://deadline.com/2021/07/daytime-emmy-award-winners-alex-trebek-zac-efron-karrueche-tran-1234795492/) . Deadline . Retrieved July 20, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Karrueche Tran Makes History As First-Ever AAPI Emmy Winner In The Lead-Actress Category" (https://www.essence.com/entertainment/karrueche-tran-emmy/) . Essence . July 19, 2021 . Retrieved July 20, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-bet._Karr_7-0) "Karrueche Tran" (https://www.bet.com/tag/78ec5o/karrueche-tran) . BET (/wiki/BET) . February 20, 2013 . Retrieved June 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Grant, Jasmine (May 17, 2018). "Exclusive: Karrueche Tran Reveals the Key to Living Your Best Life By Age 30" (https://www.vh1.com/news/lnphbu/karrueche-tran-exclusive-30th-birthday) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230404092556/https://www.vh1.com/news/lnphbu/karrueche-tran-exclusive-30th-birthday) from the original on April 4, 2023 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_9-0) Friedlander, Whitney (June 8, 2018). "Karrueche Tran Is More Than a Pretty Face" (https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2018/06/karrueche-tran-claws-season-2-interview) . Retrieved January 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) @karrueche (September 6, 2012). " (https://x.com/karrueche/status/243713739885535232) "I think I love food cause I was raised in a Jamaican household." (https://x.com/karrueche/status/243713739885535232) " (https://x.com/karrueche/status/243713739885535232) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ Jump up to: a b Bennett, Jessica (February 19, 2018). "EXCLUSIVE: Karrueche Gets Real About Race, Social Media Slander & Victor Cruz" (https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/karrueche-victor-cruz/) . Ebony (/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Karrueche Tran Wears Throwback Flare Jeans For Dinner Date With Little Brother" (https://okmagazine.com/photos/karrueche-tran-flare-jeans-dinner-date-brother-raymond-adamson/) . OK Magazine . April 2, 2015 . Retrieved March 12, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-viet_Karr_13-0) Marq, Shaun. "Karrueche Tran 101" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150529114328/http://www.vietsunmagazine.com/en/fashion-beauty/item/karrueche-tran-101.html) . VietSun . Archived from the original (http://www.vietsunmagazine.com/en/fashion-beauty/item/karrueche-tran-101.html) on May 29, 2015 . Retrieved June 5, 2009 . My mother is Vietnamese and my father is black. I was also raised by my God family who is Jamaican. ^ (#cite_ref-:1_14-0) Kwateng-Clark, Danielle (March 7, 2017). "Karrueche Tran To Appear In Court For Extension Of Restraining Order" (http://www.essence.com/celebrity/karrueche-tran-chris-brown-court-restraining-order) . Essence.com . Retrieved March 24, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-cele_Karr_15-0) Kessler, Robert (May 27, 2015). "Karrueche Tran Sets the Record Straight About Chris Brown Breakup" (https://celebrity.yahoo.com/blogs/celeb-news/karrueche-tran-sets-the-record-straight-about-chris-brown-breakup-190730229.html) . Yahoo Celebrity . Retrieved June 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-the_source_16-0) "Karrueche Tran Models for Crooks and Castles" (http://thesource.com/2013/06/10/karrueche-tran-models-for-crooks-and-castles/) . The Source . June 10, 2013 . Retrieved July 15, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Shaw, A.R. (January 25, 2013). "Karrueche Tran: Going in for The-Kill" (http://rollingout.com/covers/karrueche-tran-going-in-for-the-kill/) . Rolling Out . Retrieved July 20, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cast_18-0) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20150905055225/http://thebaytheseries.com/?page_id=535) The Bay – Cast" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150905055225/http://thebaytheseries.com/?page_id=535) . thebaytheseries.com. Archived from the original (http://thebaytheseries.com/?page_id=535) on September 5, 2015 . Retrieved October 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Ibrahim, Banu (May 24, 2016). "Karrueche Tran dishes on her Emmy win, burgeoning acting career, and more!" (https://www.aol.com/article/2016/05/24/karrueche-tran-dishes-on-her-emmy-win-burgeoning-acting-career/21375229/) . AOL (/wiki/AOL) . Retrieved August 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Rosenberg, J. R. (May 2, 2018). "The Bay, The Series Sets New Emmy Records!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190814164917/https://medium.com/@jr_46460/the-bay-the-series-sets-new-emmy-records-80cce82e2707) . Medium (/wiki/Medium_(website)) . Archived from the original (https://medium.com/@jr_46460/the-bay-the-series-sets-new-emmy-records-80cce82e2707) on August 14, 2019 . Retrieved August 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Love_West_Coast_Girls_21-0) Miller, Mike; Miller, Shannon (January 1, 2014). Love West Coast Girls (Vol. 1 ed.). Independent Publisher. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781495133961 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hypebeast_22-0) Kim, Ashleigh (May 21, 2015). "le coq sportif 2015 Spring/Summer Women's Training Lookbook featuring Karrueche Tran" (http://hypebeast.com/2015/5/le-coq-sportif-2015-spring-summer-womens-training-lookbook-featuring-karrueche-tran) . Hypebeast . Retrieved July 15, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-OK_Mag_23-0) Green, Treye (July 1, 2015). "Topless Karrueche Tran Shows Off Fit Figure In Sexy Photo Shoot For Flaunt After Announcing Wilhemina Models Contract" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150930151953/http://okmagazine.com/photos/topless-karrueche-tran-boobs-photo-shoot-flaunt-wilhemina-models-contract/photo/1001275925/) . OK Magazine . Archived from the original on September 30, 2015 . Retrieved July 20, 2015 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown) ) ^ (#cite_ref-HighSnobiety_24-0) Farmer, Brian (May 8, 2014). "Karrueche Tran Washes a DeLorean for 'The Hundreds' Magazine" (http://www.highsnobiety.com/2014/05/08/karrueche-tran-washes-a-delorean-for-the-hundreds-magazine/) . High Snobiety . Retrieved July 20, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bleu_Magazine_25-0) "Karrueche Covers Issue Two of Bombshell by Bleu" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040526/http://bleumagazine.com/blog/2013/09/25/karrueche-covers-issue-two-of-bombshell-by-bleu/) . Bleu Magazine . September 25, 2013. Archived from the original (http://bleumagazine.com/blog/2013/09/25/karrueche-covers-issue-two-of-bombshell-by-bleu/) on March 4, 2016 . Retrieved July 20, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Elle1_26-0) Schott, Julie; Prescod, Danielle (June 26, 2015). "How to Date Karrueche Tran" (http://www.elle.com/life-love/news/a29009/what-karreuche-looks-for-in-a-man/) . ELLE.com . Retrieved July 20, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Elle2_27-0) Schott, Julie (June 25, 2015). "8 Beauty Secrets I Learned from Karrueche Tran" (http://www.elle.com/beauty/tips/a29008/beauty-secrets-from-actress-karrueche-tran/) . ELLE.com . Retrieved July 20, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Naasel, Kenrya Rankin (December 14, 2014). "Karrueche Tran Signs Contract With Wilhelmina Models LA" (https://www.bet.com/article/t80qam/karrueche-tran-signs-contract-with-wilhelmina-models-la) . BET.com . Retrieved June 22, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-VH1_29-0) Rosa, Christopher (June 10, 2015). "Karrueche Tran's New Movie 3 Headed Shark Attack is All You Need This Summer" (https://www.vh1.com/news/08rwvj/3-headed-shark-karrueche-tran) . VH1. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230405033039/https://www.vh1.com/news/08rwvj/3-headed-shark-karrueche-tran) from the original on April 5, 2023 . Retrieved July 15, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) PrXde (2015) , retrieved September 9, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-31) "PRXDE featuring Karrueche Tran" (http://www.flaunt.com/content/people/prxde-featuring-karrueche-tran) . Flaunt Magazine . Retrieved September 9, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-ad_week_32-0) Cummings, Carrie (May 5, 2015). "StyleHaul Reveals First Scripted Series, Starring Denise Richards and Karrueche Tran" (http://www.adweek.com/news/technology/stylehaul-reveals-first-scripted-series-starring-denise-richards-and-karrueche-tran-164530) . Ad Week . Retrieved July 20, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "BET Star Cinema: Sneak Peek of the Film 'Only for One Night' (https://web.archive.org/web/20160827022525/http://www.bet.com/video/betstarcinema/2016/saturday-indie-movies/sneak-peek-of-the-film-only-for-one-night.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160827022525/http://www.bet.com/video/betstarcinema/2016/saturday-indie-movies/sneak-peek-of-the-film-only-for-one-night.html) . BET.com . Archived from the original (http://www.bet.com/video/betstarcinema/2016/saturday-indie-movies/sneak-peek-of-the-film-only-for-one-night.html) on August 27, 2016 . Retrieved September 9, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Only for One Night" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160908063310/http://www.bet.com/shows/saturday-indie-movies/cast-info/only-for-one-night.html) . BET.com . Archived from the original (http://www.bet.com/shows/saturday-indie-movies/cast-info/only-for-one-night.html) on September 8, 2016 . Retrieved September 9, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Jacques, Renee (January 6, 2016). "Everything in Karrueche Tran's Makeup Line Will Cost Less Than $10" (https://www.allure.com/story/karrueche-tran-makeup-collection) . Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Denton, Elizabeth; Abelman, Devon (October 26, 2016). "The Karrueche Tran ColourPop Collab is Going, Going, Gone (on Monday)" (https://www.allure.com/story/karrueche-tran-colourpop-collection) . Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Wagmeister, Elizabeth (December 13, 2016). "TNT Greenlights Rashida Jones' Nail Salon Series 'Claws' Starring Niecy Nash" (https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/claws-tnt-greenlit-nail-salon-series-niecy-nash-rashida-jones-1201941136/) . Variety . Retrieved March 22, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Kwateng-Clark, Danielle (January 30, 2017). "We're Here For Rashida Jones' New Nail Salon Dramedy With Niecy Nash And Karrueche Tran" (http://www.essence.com/entertainment/rashida-jones-nail-salon-dramedy-claws) . Essence.com . Retrieved March 22, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Friedlander, Whitney (June 8, 2018). "Karrueche Tran Is More Than a Pretty Face" (https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2018/06/karrueche-tran-claws-season-2-interview) . Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Petski, Denise (October 27, 2019). " (https://deadline.com/2019/10/deputy-karrueche-tran-recur-fox-drama-series-1202762377/) 'Deputy': Karrueche Tran To Recur On New Fox Drama Series" (https://deadline.com/2019/10/deputy-karrueche-tran-recur-fox-drama-series-1202762377/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved November 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Petski, Denise (August 5, 2020). " (https://deadline.com/2020/08/the-bay-resumes-production-covid-19-protocols-amazon-1203003646/) 'The Bay' Resumes Production Amid Strict COVID-19 Protocols" (https://deadline.com/2020/08/the-bay-resumes-production-covid-19-protocols-amazon-1203003646/) . Deadline . Retrieved July 20, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Karrueche Tran's Fashion Competition Show 'Upcycle Nation' Is a Lesson in Creative Sustainability" (https://www.ebony.com/karrueche-trans-fashion-competition-show-upcycle-nation-is-a-lesson-in-creative-sustainability/) . Ebony . October 7, 2022 . Retrieved December 12, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Price, Joe. "Karrueche Tran Selling Feet Pics on Onlyfans Is Giving Some People Anxiety About the Economy" (https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/backwoodsaltar/karuche-tran-selling-feet-pics-on-onlyfans) . Complex . Retrieved March 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Karrueche Tran Describes Her First Date with Chris Brown" (https://www.oprah.com/own-karruechetran/karrueche-tran-describes-her-first-date-with-chris-brown-video) . Oprah.com . Retrieved February 27, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-eonl_Karr_45-0) Harrison, Lily (May 27, 2015). "Karrueche Tran Opens Up About Chris Brown's Daughter, Says There is No Drama Between Her and Rihanna" (http://www.eonline.com/news/660410/karrueche-tran-opens-up-about-chris-brown-s-daughter-says-there-s-no-drama-between-her-and-rihanna) . E! Online . Retrieved June 5, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Thompson, Avery (August 22, 2015). "Chris Brown's New Album Will be Titled "Royalty" After His Baby Girl" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160308234718/http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/08/22/chris-brown-album-title-royalty-honors-daughter/) . Hollywood Life. Archived from the original (http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/08/22/chris-brown-album-title-royalty-honors-daughter/) on March 8, 2016 . Retrieved February 23, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Judge orders R&B singer Chris Brown to stay away from ex" (https://apnews.com/article/7157d36f11f940a89ad38743fb7afc57) . AP NEWS . February 21, 2017 . Retrieved February 27, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Cowen, Trace William. "Karrueche Tran Reportedly Seeking Permanent Restraining Order Against Chris Brown" (http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2017/03/karrueche-tran-permanent-restraining-order-chris-brown) . Complex . Retrieved March 24, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Dillon, Nancy (June 15, 2017). "Karrueche Tran gets 5-year restraining order against Chris Brown after testifying about abuse" (https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/karrueche-tran-5-year-restraining-order-chris-brown-article-1.3250663) . New York Daily News . Retrieved February 27, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Stutz, Colin (June 15, 2017). "Karrueche Tran Granted 5-Year Restraining Order Against Chris Brown" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7833752/karrueche-tran-chris-brown-restraining-order) . Billboard . Retrieved June 20, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Karrueche Tran & Victor Cruz Break Up" (https://www.iheart.com/content/2021-02-07-karrueche-tran-victor-cruz-break-up/) . iheart.com . Retrieved September 27, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-chri_52-0) Nsenduluka, Benge (December 8, 2014). "Karrueche Tran Trusting in Jesus as Chris Brown Seeks Forgiveness After Drake Accusation; 'I Choose to Trust Your Timing' (https://www.christianpost.com/news/karrueche-tran-trusting-in-jesus-as-chris-brown-seeks-forgiveness-after-drake-accusation-i-choose-to-trust-your-timing-130852/) " (https://www.christianpost.com/news/karrueche-tran-trusting-in-jesus-as-chris-brown-seeks-forgiveness-after-drake-accusation-i-choose-to-trust-your-timing-130852/) . The Christian Post (/wiki/The_Christian_Post) . Retrieved January 5, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Tardio, Andres (March 29, 2015). "Karrueche Tran Just Opened Up About Chris Brown In A Super Revealing Interview" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230127144400/https://www.mtv.com/news/k9qc01/karrueche-chris-brown-iyanla) . MTV (/wiki/MTV) . Archived from the original (https://www.mtv.com/news/k9qc01/karrueche-chris-brown-iyanla) on January 27, 2023 . Retrieved January 5, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karrueche Tran (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Karrueche_Tran) . 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Indian fashion designer This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Sandeep Khosla" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sandeep+Khosla%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sandeep+Khosla%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sandeep+Khosla%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sandeep+Khosla%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sandeep+Khosla%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sandeep+Khosla%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Sandeep Khosla Born Kapurthala (/wiki/Kapurthala) , Punjab, India (/wiki/Punjab,_India) Nationality Indian Education The Doon School (/wiki/The_Doon_School) Occupation(s) Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Interior designer (/wiki/Interior_designer) Years active 1986- present Known for Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Website www (http://www.abusandeep.com/) .abusandeep (http://www.abusandeep.com/) .com (http://www.abusandeep.com/) Sandeep Khosla is a noted Indian (/wiki/India) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , who co-owns the label, Abu Jani-Sandeep Khosla. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) He is best known for his ability to infuse Indian craftsmanship and textile heritage with European tailored silhouette. [4] (#cite_note-4) His signature is to combine traditional aesthetics with modern design. In 2002, he along with Neeta Lulla, Abu Jani, and Reza Shariffi, won the National Film Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) , for his work in the Bollywood film Devdas (/wiki/Devdas_(2002_Hindi_film)) directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali (/wiki/Sanjay_Leela_Bhansali) . [5] (#cite_note-39thawardPDF-5) Many international stars have opted for Khosla's outfits for awards' night. In 2012, Judi Dench (/wiki/Judi_Dench) wore one of Khosla's designs to BAFTA (/wiki/BAFTA) , and has worn his outfits to other awards events. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Khosla had designed outfits for The World Is Not Enough (1999). [8] (#cite_note-8) Of late, Khosla has taken on several projects in interior design. He has designed interiors for hotels (such as The Sofala, Goa), [9] (#cite_note-9) restaurants (the Aish at the Park, Hyderabad), [10] (#cite_note-10) resorts and homes, and has even begun to event design for Indian weddings. Khosla is known for employing diverse models, including transgender (/wiki/Transgender) models, and designing for many body types. [11] (#cite_note-11) His designs often question gender binaries and expand ideas of what counts as “men’s fashion.” [12] (#cite_note-12) Biography [ edit ] Born in Kapurthala, in a Punjabi (/wiki/Punjabi_people) family, Khosla studied at The Doon School (/wiki/The_Doon_School) before joining his family's leather and garment business. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) He completed his studies with college in Jalandhar (/wiki/Jalandhar) , thereafter he studied for a year at a leather institute in Chennai, but left to move to Delhi. Here he started working as a buyer for an export house and eventually opened a small boutique, Limelight . However soon he shifted to Mumbai, and started working with a film costume designer, Xerxes Bhathena. Incidentally, Abu Jani had also assisted Bhatena for while, soon they met and decided to work together. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-vogue-16) In 1986, they launched a boutique, Mata Hari . After their work was featured in a noted featured on the cover of the a noted Bombay magazine, they became one of the five designers to join Tarun Tahiliani (/wiki/Tarun_Tahiliani) for his multi-brand boutique Ensemble in 1987. Actress Dimple Kapadia (/wiki/Dimple_Kapadia) became their first celebrity client, and in turn led to other noted clientele like Jaya Bachchan (/wiki/Jaya_Bachchan) and Parmeshwar Godrej (/wiki/Parmeshwar_Godrej) . [16] (#cite_note-vogue-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Their furniture line debuted at Bajaj Gallery in Mumbai in 1993. [16] (#cite_note-vogue-16) In 2012, the label Abhu Jani-Sandeep Khosla completed 25 years in fashion industry with a fashion show. [16] (#cite_note-vogue-16) [19] (#cite_note-19) See also [ edit ] Wedding lehenga of Radhika Merchant (/wiki/Wedding_lehenga_of_Radhika_Merchant) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Singh, Sanghita (8 September 2001). "A tale with twists, turns & Tarun Tahiliani" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi-times/A-tale-with-twists-turns-Tarun-Tahiliani/articleshow/1192698319.cms) . Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) . Retrieved 14 February 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Times News Network (30 June 2009). "LFW finale by Tarun Tahiliani" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110811035413/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-30/shows/28210704_1_grand-finale-lfw-finale-tarun-tahiliani) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-30/shows/28210704_1_grand-finale-lfw-finale-tarun-tahiliani) on 11 August 2011 . Retrieved 14 February 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) HINDLEY, AGNIESZKA (18 March 2004). "Couture king" (https://web.archive.org/web/20040405122542/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/03/18/stories/2004031800040200.htm) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Archived from the original on 5 April 2004 . Retrieved 14 February 2010 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Condenast India (12 July 2011). "Tarun Tahiliani's Bridal Couture Exposition comes to New Delhi" (http://www.vogue.in/content/tarun-tahilianis-bridal-couture-exposition-comes-new-delhi) . Retrieved 25 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-39thawardPDF_5-0) "39th National Film Awards" (http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf) (PDF) . Directorate of Film Festivals (/wiki/Directorate_of_Film_Festivals) . Retrieved 27 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Misra, Iti Shree (14 February 2012). "Judi Dench in Abu Jani & Sandeep Khosla's gown at BAFTA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140103185346/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-14/news-interviews/31058343_1_baftas-dame-judi-dench-gown) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-14/news-interviews/31058343_1_baftas-dame-judi-dench-gown) on 3 January 2014 . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Red Carpet Watch: Judi Dench's Style" (https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2013/12/22/fashion/20131222-REDCARPET.html) . The New York Times . 20 December 2013. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 25 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Pinto, Rochelle (29 November 2012). "Bond's boss wears Indian couture" (https://www.vogue.in/content/how-james-bonds-boss-fell-abu-sandeep) . Vogue India . Retrieved 25 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "About the Sol" (http://thesofala.com?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102) . Retrieved 24 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Fashion's new façade at the Park Hyderabad" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120615205442/http://www.cntraveller.in/content/fashion%E2%80%99s-new-fa%C3%A7ade-park-hyderabad) . Archived from the original (http://www.cntraveller.in/content/fashion%E2%80%99s-new-fa%C3%A7ade-park-hyderabad) on 15 June 2012 . Retrieved 25 March 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Fashion is all about inclusivity and diversity: Abu Jani-Sandeep Khosla" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/fashion-is-all-about-inclusivity-and-diversity-abu-jani-sandeep-khosla/story-Rk6FoAivQkiXkIf1HU5jJP.html) . Hindustan Times . 18 February 2020 . Retrieved 25 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Mishra, Manish (30 October 2021). "Menswear and a more fluid future" (https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fashion/menswear-and-a-more-fashion-fluid-future-genderless-shareable-labels-polysexual-capsule-collection/article37246565.ece) . The Hindu . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 25 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) His parents Mr. D P Khosla and Pammi Khosla were big socialites.He has one sister Benu Khosla. He has been a favourite of his Uncle and Aunt, The Sondhis - who helped in shaping his future at the early stage. Designs on the bride : Simply Chennai - India Today (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Designs+on+the+bride/1/19518.html) ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Lord of the ramp" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101123041337/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/graphiti/story_13169495.jsp) . The Telegraph . Calcutta, India. 14 November 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101114/jsp/graphiti/story_13169495.jsp) on 23 November 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-15) " (http://www.magnamags.com/society/cover-story/%E2%80%9CWe-are-meant-to-be-together%E2%80%9D%E2%80%94Abu-Jani-and-Sandeep-Khosla/2434) "We are meant to be together"—Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla" (http://www.magnamags.com/society/cover-story/%E2%80%9CWe-are-meant-to-be-together%E2%80%9D%E2%80%94Abu-Jani-and-Sandeep-Khosla/2434) . Society magazine, MagnaMags. 6 December 2013 . Retrieved 28 May 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bandana Tewari (23 February 2012). "Fashion Focus: 25 Years of Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla" (http://www.vogue.in/content/25-years-abu-jani-and-sandeep-khosla) . Vogue, India . Retrieved 28 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Mitter, Swapna. "Tarun Tahiliani" (https://web.archive.org/web/20000302184242/http://www.rediff.com/millenni/tarun.htm) . Rediff (/wiki/Rediff) . Archived from the original (http://www.rediff.com/millenni/tarun.htm) on 2 March 2000 . Retrieved 14 February 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Famous Interior Designers in India :EP 1" (https://newzcast123.home.blog/2020/01/28/famous-interior-designers-in-india-ep-1/) . 28 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Inside Abu Jani-Sandeep Khosla's party" (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/inside-abu-jani-sandeep-khosla-party/1/7637.html) . India Today . Retrieved 28 May 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.abusandeep.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐rf5rj Cached time: 20240719014120 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.415 seconds Real time usage: 0.536 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2566/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 45376/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1590/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 70888/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.266/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7498719/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 495.309 1 -total 37.98% 188.109 1 Template:Reflist 23.59% 116.857 1 Template:Infobox_person 23.29% 115.349 6 Template:Cite_news 14.95% 74.064 1 Template:Short_description 13.77% 68.219 1 Template:BLP_sources 12.63% 62.563 1 Template:Ambox 9.96% 49.322 12 Template:Cite_web 8.86% 43.885 2 Template:Pagetype 6.44% 31.875 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42879044-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719014120 and revision id 1235387685. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandeep_Khosla&oldid=1235387685 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandeep_Khosla&oldid=1235387685) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Indian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Indian_fashion_designers) The Doon School alumni (/wiki/Category:The_Doon_School_alumni) Indian costume designers (/wiki/Category:Indian_costume_designers) Indian interior designers (/wiki/Category:Indian_interior_designers) People from Kapurthala (/wiki/Category:People_from_Kapurthala) Best Costume Design National Film Award winners (/wiki/Category:Best_Costume_Design_National_Film_Award_winners) Wedding dress designers (/wiki/Category:Wedding_dress_designers) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: unfit URL (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) BLP articles lacking sources from July 2024 (/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_July_2024) All BLP articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources) Use dmy dates from May 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2017) Use Indian English from May 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_May_2017) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Androgyny_in_fashion) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Androgyny_in_fashion) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Last update: December 8, 2020 ( July 2022 ) The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias) of the subject . You may improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Androgyny_in_fashion&action=edit) , discuss the issue on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Androgyny_in_fashion) , or create a new article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard) , as appropriate. ( December 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought) that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Androgyny_in_fashion&action=edit) by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone) . ( December 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Androgynous fashion is a combination of feminine and masculine characteristics. Social standards typically restrict people's dress according to gender. Trousers were traditionally a male form of dress, frowned upon for women. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) However, during the 1800s, female spies were introduced, and Vivandières (/wiki/Vivandi%C3%A8re) wore a certain uniform with a dress over trousers. Women activists during that time would also decide to wear trousers; for example, Luisa Capetillo (/wiki/Luisa_Capetillo) , a women's rights activist and the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers in public. [2] (#cite_note-2) 1760s-90s [ edit ] Macaroni (/wiki/Macaroni_(fashion)) was a term used to refer to a group of young, urban English men in the 1760s-1770s who adopted ostentatious, effeminate dress. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) The style Macaronis adopted was more similar to the fashions of France and Italy, "retaining pastel color, pattern and ornament, at a time when their use was being displaced by more sober dressing in England." [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Their gender and sexuality were often called into question and were subject to much fascination and scrutiny. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) The Victorian era (1840s-1890s) [ edit ] Women's cycling suit advertisement, 1897 In the Victorian era, many upper-class women adopted more masculine-styled fashion for sports. This was a source of great anxiety, as some believed this supposed "masculinization" of women would lead to "the "degeneration" of the genders". [4] (#cite_note-4) Cycling suits, for example, kept the feminine silhouette but incorporated masculine elements, like waistcoats, neckties and bifurcated skirts. The early 1900s [ edit ] Androgynous dress in young children was the norm for much of the Victorian and Edwardian periods, sex differentiation in clothing was postponed until children entered school at about six or seven years old. [5] (#cite_note-:34-5) Major fashion designers, like Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) and Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , [6] (#cite_note-6) introduced a feminine variation of trousers to women's fashion, in line with the Flapper (/wiki/Flapper) style for women of this era, which was considered "boyish" and gave women an androgynous look. During the 1930s, the masculine lean of female fashion continued, with women's fashion allowing for the wearing of suits. [7] (#cite_note-:43-7) This trend can be exemplified by celebrity Marlene Dietrich (/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich) . Dietrich dressed masculinely and femininely, demonstrating great fluidity in gendered presentation, doing so-called "double-drag." [8] (#cite_note-:53-8) Dietrich is remembered as one of the first actresses to wear trousers in a premiere. [9] (#cite_note-:63-9) Outside the world of high fashion, working women of this era sometimes wore masculine-style bib overalls for factory or manual labor. [10] (#cite_note-:73-10) However, many of them kept their feminine presentation and were not impeded by their clothing, largely those working white-collar level jobs. [10] (#cite_note-:73-10) Sportswear of the 1920s and 30s became more masculine after significant issues through the previous two decades, [11] (#cite_note-:83-11) reflecting general trends, and following in the footsteps of previous generations. Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) wearing a sailor's jersey and trousers. 1928 Queer people of this era were often consciously gender non-conforming, for example, sailor suits were adopted by both queer men and women due to the "military exoticism and gender-blurring possibilities" becoming "a recognizable signifier of an emerging gay and bisexual identity" [12] (#cite_note-:93-12) The 1950s through 1970 [ edit ] Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the women's liberation movement is likely to have contributed to ideas and influenced fashion designers, such as Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Yves Saint Laurent designed the Le Smoking suit, first introduced in 1966, and Helmut Newton (/wiki/Helmut_Newton) ’s eroticized androgynous photographs of it made Le Smoking (/wiki/Le_Smoking) iconic. [14] (#cite_note-14) Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , the tuxedo suit (/wiki/Tuxedo) "Le Smoking", created in 1966 The upsurge of androgynous dressing for men began during the 1960s and 1970s. When the Rolling Stones played London's Hyde Park in 1969, Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) wore a white 'man's dress' by British designer Mr Fish. [15] (#cite_note-15) Mr Fish, also known as Michael Fish (/wiki/Michael_Fish_(fashion_designer)) , was the most fashionable shirt-maker in London, the inventor of ' the Kipper tie (/wiki/Kipper_tie) ,' and a principal taste-maker of the peacock revolution (/wiki/Peacock_revolution) in men's fashion. [16] (#cite_note-16) His creation for Mick Jagger was considered to be the epitome of the Swinging Sixties. [17] (#cite_note-17) During this period, the androgynous style was also adopted by celebrities like Jimi Hendrix (/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix) , who often wore high heels (/wiki/High_heels) and blouses. During the 1970s, David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) presented his alter ego Ziggy Stardust (/wiki/Ziggy_stardust_(persona)) , a character that was a symbol of sexual ambiguity, when he launched the album 'The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and Spiders from Mars'. [18] (#cite_note-18) This was when androgyny entered the mainstream in the 1970s and had a big influence on pop culture. Another significant influence during this time included John Travolta (/wiki/John_Travolta) , one of the androgynous male heroes of the post-counter-culture disco era, who starred in Grease (/wiki/Grease_(film)) and Saturday Night Fever (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever) . [19] (#cite_note-19) The 1980s [ edit ] Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) was known for her androgyny in the 1980s Continuing into the 1980s, the rise of avant-garde fashion designers like Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) [20] (#cite_note-20) challenged the social constructs around gender. They reinvigorated androgyny in fashion, addressing gender issues. This was also reflected in pop culture icons during the 1980s, such as David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) and Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Power dressing (/wiki/Power_dressing) for women became even more prominent within the 1980s which was previously only something done by men in order to look structured and powerful. However, during the 1980s this began to take a turn as women were entering jobs with equal roles to men. In the article “The Menswear Phenomenon” by Kathleen Beckett written for Vogue in 1984 the concept of power dressing is explored as women entered these jobs they had no choice but to tailor their wardrobes accordingly, eventually leading the ascension of power dressing as a popular style for women. [22] (#cite_note-22) Ostensibly this demonstrated women’s desire to be seen and valued for their mental abilities rather than their physical appearance. The complexity of 1980s power dressing, however, is reflected in film with movies like "Working Girl" where power-dressing is central to the plot, but even so, the heroine is portrayed as having softer and gentler style than her villainous boss. Androgynous fashion made its most powerful in the 1980s debut through the work of Yohji Yamamoto and Rei Kawakubo, who brought in a distinct Japanese style that adopted a distinctively gender ambiguous theme. These two designers consider themselves to be very much a part of the avant-garde, reinvigorating Japanism. [23] (#cite_note-23) Following a more anti-fashion approach and deconstructing garments, in order to move away from the more mundane aspects of current Western fashion. This would end up leading to a change in Western fashion in the 1980s that would lead on to more gender-friendly garment construction. This is because designers like Yamamoto believe that the idea of androgyny should be celebrated, as it is an unbiased way for an individual to identify with one's self and that fashion is purely a catalyst for this. Also during the 1980s, Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , a famous singer and fashion model gender-thwarted appearance in the 1980s startled the public, but her androgynous style derivative of power dressing, and her eccentric personality inspired many and has become an androgynous style icon for modern celebrities. [24] (#cite_note-24) This was seen as controversial but from then on, there was a rise of unisex designers later in the 1990s and the androgynous style was widely adopted by many. After 2000 [ edit ] In 2016, Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) revealed that Jaden Smith (/wiki/Jaden_Smith) would star in their womenswear campaign. Because of events like this, gender fluidity (/wiki/Gender_fluidity) in fashion has been discussed in the media regarding Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Ruby Rose (/wiki/Ruby_Rose) , and in Tom Hooper (/wiki/Tom_Hooper) 's film The Danish Girl (/wiki/The_Danish_Girl_(film)) . Jaden Smith has inspired the movement with his appeal for clothes to be non-gender specific, meaning that men can wear skirts and women can wear boxer shorts if they so wish. [25] (#cite_note-25) Gen Z has been a large force in the androgyny movement specifically in the alternative crowd. [26] (#cite_note-26) For instance, Billie Eilish's over-sized and blocky clothing has been seen as inspirational example of androgynous clothing among nonbinary teens. [27] (#cite_note-27) However, the movement isn't only limited to blocky outfits of pop stars that create an absence of gender; it can also be used in a boastful manner. Colombian-American photographer Ruven Afandor has also been credited with pushing the border of androgyny by presenting a photo album of young flat-chested men in usually feminine outfits. [28] (#cite_note-28) Androgynous fashion has also been seen in Asia, with the danso, women-to-men crossdressing, and jendaresu (genderless dressing) movements in Japan. [29] (#cite_note-29) The Memoirs of the Future collection being shown in Manila by Filipino fashion designer Ellis Co presents a cohesive set of 44 different dark and blocky gender-ambiguous outfits. The outfits usually feature dark oversized jackets and feature each of the models with black painted nails. [30] (#cite_note-30) During the mid-2010s androgynous and genderqueer underwear also began a new transformation. Gender-queer underwear brands, like Urbody (/w/index.php?title=Urbody&action=edit&redlink=1) , began making gender-neutral and gender-equal underwear for queer people by going against the trends of the common hyper-gendered clothing lines. [31] (#cite_note-31) In 2021, a smaller multi-brand retailer Slowco adopted gender-neutral categories and designs. They swapped their womenswear and menswear labels for 'femme', 'mass', and 'all'. This swap allows individuals to shop according to their expression without having to identify a gender identity. [32] (#cite_note-32) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:1_1-0) Ewing, E.; Mackrell, A. (2002). History of Twentieth Century Fashion . LA: Quite Specific Media Group Ltd. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Valle-Ferrer, Norma (1 June 2006). Luisa Capetillo, Pioneer Puerto Rican Feminist: With the collaboration of students from the Graduate Program in Translation, The University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Spring 1991 . Peter Lang Publishing Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780820442853 . ^ Jump up to: a b c McNeil, Peter (1999-11-01). " (https://doi.org/10.2752/136270499779476081) "That Doubtful Gender": Macaroni Dress and Male Sexualities" (https://doi.org/10.2752/136270499779476081) . Fashion Theory . 3 (4): 412. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/136270499779476081 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F136270499779476081) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . The macaronies upset preconceptions both of gender—"a Macaroni renders his sex dubious by the extravagance of his appearance" (Town and Country 1772: 243)—and of sexuality. Many eighteenth-century texts, verbal and visual, responded to the macaroni stereotype with a sexual frankness that was only obliquely observed by nineteenth- and early twentieth-century historians of the caricature, and has been generally ignored by late twentieth-century historians. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tracy, J. R. Collins (2010). "Athletic Fashion, "Punch", and the Creation of the New Woman" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41038818) . Victorian Periodicals Review . 43 (3): 309–335. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1353/vpr.2010.0000 (https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fvpr.2010.0000) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 41038818 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41038818) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 21141449 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21141449) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 29813478 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29813478) – via JSTOR. ^ (#cite_ref-:34_5-0) Paoletti, Jo B. (1983-01-01). "Clothes Make the Boy, 1860–1910" (https://doi.org/10.1179/036121183803657763) . Dress . 9 (1): 16–20. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/036121183803657763 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F036121183803657763) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0361-2112 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-2112) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Fatimah, Manal. "Blurred Lines: Androgyny And The Art Of Genderless Fashion" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/blurred-lines-androgyny-and-the-art-of-genderless-fashion#:~:text=The%20concept%20of%20genderless%20fashion,someone%20more%20feminine%20or%20masculine.) . Harper's Bazaar . ^ (#cite_ref-:43_7-0) Marcketti, Sara B; Angstman, Emily Thomsen (2013-10-01). "The Trend for Mannish Suits in the 1930s" (https://doi.org/10.1179/0361211213Z.00000000020) . Dress . 39 (2): 135–152. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/0361211213Z.00000000020 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F0361211213Z.00000000020) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0361-2112 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-2112) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 191993894 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191993894) . ^ (#cite_ref-:53_8-0) Kennison, Rebecca (2002-10-04). "Clothes Make the (Wo)man" (https://doi.org/10.1300/J155v06n02_19) . Journal of Lesbian Studies . 6 (2): 147–156. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1300/J155v06n02_19 (https://doi.org/10.1300%2FJ155v06n02_19) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1089-4160 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1089-4160) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 24807670 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24807670) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 27704118 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27704118) . ^ (#cite_ref-:63_9-0) Fisher, Harriet (2015-01-19). "The Queen of Androgyny – Marlene Dietrich" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160616200113/https://www.barnebys.co.uk/blog/article/1293/) . Barnebys . Archived from the original (https://www.barnebys.co.uk/blog/article/1293) on 2016-06-16 . Retrieved 2016-05-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b Strawn, Susan; Farrell-Beck, Jane; Hemken, Ann R. (2005-01-01). "Bib Overalls: Function and Fashion" (https://doi.org/10.1179/036121105805253107) . Dress . 32 (1): 43–55. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/036121105805253107 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F036121105805253107) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0361-2112 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-2112) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 194075377 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194075377) . ^ (#cite_ref-:83_11-0) Warner, Patricia Campbell (1997-01-01). "Clothing as Barrier: American Women in the Olympics, 1900–1920" (https://doi.org/10.1179/036121197805298026) . Dress . 24 (1): 55–68. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/036121197805298026 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F036121197805298026) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0361-2112 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-2112) . ^ (#cite_ref-:93_12-0) Stephenson, Andrew (2016-03-01). " (https://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc.3.2.157_1) 'Our jolly marin wear': The queer fashionability of the sailor uniform in interwar France and Britain" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc.3.2.157_1) . Fashion, Style & Popular Culture . 3 (2): 157–172. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1386/fspc.3.2.157_1 (https://doi.org/10.1386%2Ffspc.3.2.157_1) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2050-0726 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2050-0726) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Kohn, Sally (21 July 2015). "The Seventies: The sex freakout" (http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/21/opinions/kohn-seventies-sexual-revolution/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2016-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Androgyny and Feminism" (https://sophmoet.wordpress.com/2014/05/01/352mc-27/) . Sophie Moet . 1 May 2014 . Retrieved 2016-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Baker, Lindsay. "His or hers: Will androgynous fashion catch on?" (https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150331-womens-clothes-for-men) . www.bbc.com . Retrieved 2016-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Elan, Priya (13 March 2016). "Peacock revolution back with label that dressed Mick Jagger and David Bowie" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/mar/13/peacock-revolution-david-bowie-mick-jagger-mr-fish) . The Guardian . London. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Mick Jagger's white dress cast him as a romantic hero" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/10129974/Mick-Jaggers-white-dress-cast-him-as-a-romantic-hero.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 2016-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Lalovic, Itana (19 November 2013). "Androgyny in the fashion world" (http://wsimag.com/fashion/91-androgyny-in-the-fashion-world) . Wall Street International . Retrieved 2016-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Rehling, Nicola (21 June 2010). Extra-Ordinary Men: White Heterosexual Masculinity and Contemporary Popular Cinema . Lexington Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781461633426 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Global Influences: Challenging Western Traditions". London: Berg . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Andrew Anthony (10 October 2010). "Annie Lennox: the interview" (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/oct/10/annie-lennox-eurythmics-christmas-cornucopia-universal-child) . The Observer . London, UK . Retrieved 2 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "The Menswear Phenomenon". Vogue; Conde Nast . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Global Influences: Challenging Western Traditions". London: Berg . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Androgynous Fashion Moments" (http://www.highsnobiety.com/2015/05/14/androgynous-fashion-moments/) . Highsnobiety . 14 May 2015 . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Gender Fluidity in the Fashion Industry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170220012409/http://cubmagazine.co.uk/2016/02/gender-fluidity-in-the-fashion-industry/) . Cub Magazine . 8 February 2016. Archived from the original (http://cubmagazine.co.uk/2016/02/gender-fluidity-in-the-fashion-industry/) on 2017-02-20 . Retrieved 2017-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Krischer, Hayley (2019-08-14). "Beyond Androgyny: Nonbinary Teenage Fashion" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/style/nonbinary.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-12-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Krischer, Hayley (2019-08-14). "Beyond Androgyny: Nonbinary Teenage Fashion" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/style/nonbinary.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "The rise of nonbinary fashion: A photo essay" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/magazine/2019/11/20/rise-nonbinary-fashion-photo-essay/) . Washington Post . Retrieved 2022-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Ho, Michelle H. S. (2021-04-03). "From dansō to genderless: mediating queer styles and androgynous bodies in Japan" (https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2021.1927555) . Inter-Asia Cultural Studies . 22 (2): 158–177. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/14649373.2021.1927555 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14649373.2021.1927555) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1464-9373 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1464-9373) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 235799689 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235799689) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Young Filipino fashion designer Ellis Co unveils 'Memoirs of the Future' collection" (https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/04/young-filipino-fashion-designer-ellis-co-unveils-memoirs-of-the-future-collection/) . Manila Bulletin . 2022-08-04 . Retrieved 2022-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Fessler, Leah (2021-06-25). "His, Hers, Everyone's: Gender-Equal Underwear Goes (Slightly More) Mainstream" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/25/us/gender-equal-underwear.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Nast, C. (2021, October 18). How fashion can lead on trans and non-binary inclusion. 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UK-based clothing retailer MGL Realisations (2022) Limited Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) Missguided Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail Founded 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Founder Nitin Passi (/wiki/Nitin_Passi) Headquarters Trafford Park (/wiki/Trafford_Park) , UK Key people Greg Pateras Products Clothing Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Shein (/wiki/Shein) Website missguided (https://missguided.co.uk/) .co (https://missguided.co.uk/) .uk (https://missguided.co.uk/) MGL Realisations (2022) Limited (trading as Missguided ) was a UK-based fast-fashion (/wiki/Fast-fashion) retailer selling clothes aimed at women aged 16-35 years old. [1] (#cite_note-1) Missguided's headquarters were in Stretford (/wiki/Stretford) , Greater Manchester (/wiki/Greater_Manchester) until 2015 when they moved to Trafford Park (/wiki/Trafford_Park) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Missguided launched a menswear (/wiki/Menswear) brand called Mennace in 2017. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) History [ edit ] Missguided was established in 2009 by Nitin Passi (/wiki/Nitin_Passi) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Since its launch, the online retailer has experienced rapid growth in the UK [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) and has expanded into the US, Australia, France and Germany. [8] (#cite_note-8) In March 2015, Missguided launched in US department store Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , followed by a concession at Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) Trafford Centre in June. [9] (#cite_note-9) In November, the second UK bricks-and-mortar store was opened within Selfridges Manchester Exchange Square and the third was opened in Selfridges in Birmingham in March 2016. [10] (#cite_note-10) In September 2017, Missguided announced the launch of the menswear label Mennace. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In December 2021, investment firm Alteri Investors acquired a 50% stake in Missguided. [11] (#cite_note-11) In May 2022 it was reported Missguided were on the 'brink of collapse' after being issued with a winding up petition by its suppliers who were owed millions of pounds. [12] (#cite_note-12) On 31 May 2022 it was reported that Missguided had gone into administration after being unable to pay its debts. [13] (#cite_note-13) The next day, on 1 June 2022, it was announced that Frasers Group (/wiki/Frasers_Group) had bought the intellectual property of Missguided and its sister brand Mennace for around £20 million. [14] (#cite_note-14) It is estimated that 87 staff members will be made redundant and 147 will be moved to Frasers Group, [15] (#cite_note-15) with the legal name changed to MGL Realisations (2022) Limited in July 2022. [16] (#cite_note-16) Frasers Group later bought fashion company I Saw It First. Greg Pateras, former Matalan CEO, was appointed CEO of both companies in August 2022. In March 2023, Missguided began to tease their rebranding on their Instagram page, revealing a brand new logo. On 14th March, Missguided revealed the date of their relaunch is 31 March 2023. In 30 October 2023, Frasers Group sold Misguided to online marketplace Shein (/wiki/Shein) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Products [ edit ] In September 2015, the company introduced tall and petite lines which each featured around 70 pieces, following its plus-size collection in November 2014. [18] (#cite_note-18) For Winter 2015, the company launched a range of collections including lingerie, nightwear, a denim collection as well as a premium collection called Peace & Love. [19] (#cite_note-19) In May 2016, Missguided launched a range of wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) . The collection was made up of 19 pieces for brides and bridesmaids. [20] (#cite_note-20) Collaborations [ edit ] A Lucozade Zero booth marketing a tie-in with Missguided in 2017 in Birmingham In March 2014, Missguided marked its fifth birthday with a collaboration with singer Nicole Scherzinger (/wiki/Nicole_Scherzinger) . The 40-piece collection was designed by Scherzinger. [21] (#cite_note-21) May 2015 saw a collaboration between Missguided and R&B singer Pia Mia (/wiki/Pia_Mia) . [22] (#cite_note-22) In March 2016, the womenswear label announced that Pamela Anderson would front their SS16 collection. [23] (#cite_note-23) The campaign was shot by Swedish photographer Arvida Byström (/wiki/Arvida_Bystr%C3%B6m) , [24] (#cite_note-24) from a concept created by creative director and stylist Soki Mak. [25] (#cite_note-25) A Bikini A Day bloggers Tash Oakley and Devin Brugman collaborated with Missguided in May 2016 to launch a new swimwear line. [26] (#cite_note-26) In September 2016, the company announced a campaign collaboration with American model and singer Amber Rose (/wiki/Amber_Rose) . [27] (#cite_note-27) The company also launched collections with bloggers including Carli Bybel, [28] (#cite_note-28) Caroline Receveur, [29] (#cite_note-29) Sarah Ashcroft [30] (#cite_note-30) and Alexis Ren. November 2016 saw Missguided launch its first flagship store in Westfield Stratford, London. [31] (#cite_note-31) In 2017, Missguided launched a collection with British supermodel Jourdan Dunn (/wiki/Jourdan_Dunn) . [32] (#cite_note-32) In the same year Missguided was involved in a campaign by Lucozade Zero (/wiki/Lucozade) . In 2019, Playboy x Missguided was re-launched, after first debuting in 2018. The collection was met with mixed reviews, due to the ambiguous reputation of Playboy Magazine, and the design choices made in the collaboration [33] (#cite_note-33) In the same year, the collection 'SofiaRichie x Missguided', produced in collaboration with model Sofia Richie was also launched on the official Missguided website. [34] (#cite_note-34) The model announced the collaboration across all of her social media accounts, in coordination with the brand's social channels. [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hounslea, Tara (25 August 2015). "Missguided to Launch Lingerie, Petite, Tall and Premium Ranges" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/missguided-to-launch-lingerie-petite-tall-and-premium/5078430.fullarticle) . Drapers Online . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bell, Alex (21 May 2015). "Coolest office in the world?" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/coolest-office-world-missguideds-new-5735890) . Mirror . Retrieved 9 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bell, Alex (27 November 2015). "Missguided boss Nitin Passi, who started the brand in 2009, believes fashion firm's new Salford HQ is 'world's coolest office' (http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/missguided-boss-nitin-passi-believes-10504974) " (http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/missguided-boss-nitin-passi-believes-10504974) . Manchester Evening News . ^ Jump up to: a b Jahshan, Elias (2017-09-27). "Missguided launches brother label Mennace with online & pop-up physical stores - Retail Gazette" (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2017/09/missguided-launches-brother-label-mennace-online-pop-physical-stores/) . Retail Gazette . Retrieved 2017-10-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "About Missguided - Forward Thinking Online Fashion" (https://www.missguidedus.com/about/) . www.missguidedus.com . Retrieved 2017-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Missguided enjoys record revenue growth" (http://www.theretailbulletin.com/news/missguided_enjoys_record_revenue_growth_09-04-15/) . The Retail Bulletin . 9 April 2015 . Retrieved 16 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Ruddick, Graham (8 April 2015). "Nicole Scherzinger helps fashion retailer Missguided grow sales 70pc" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11523292/Nicole-Scherzinger-helps-fashion-retailer-Missguided-grow-sales-70pc.html) . Telegraph . Retrieved 13 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Rigby, Chloe (9 April 2015). "Missguided to sell in US stores after record year" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160325200345/http://internetretailing.net/2015/04/missguided-to-sell-in-us-stores-after-record-year/) . Internet Retailing . Archived from the original (http://internetretailing.net/2015/04/missguided-to-sell-in-us-stores-after-record-year/) on 25 March 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Baldwin, Caroline. "Missguided launches first UK physical presence with Selfridges concession" (http://www.retail-week.com/sectors/fashion/missguided-launches-first-uk-physical-presence-with-selfridges-concession/5075692.article) . Retail Week . Retrieved 9 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hounslea, Tara (7 March 2016). "Missguided launches third Selfridges concession" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/missguided-launches-third-selfridges-concession/7005481.fullarticle) . Drapers Online . Retrieved 15 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Wightman-Stone, Danielle (2021-12-20). "Alteri announces "significant investment" in Missguided" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/alteri-announces-significant-investment-in-missguided/2021122060208) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 2022-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Retailer Missguided on brink of calling in administrators" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/may/27/retailer-missguided-on-brink-of-calling-in-administrators) . Guardian . 2022-05-22 . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Missguided fast fashion brand collapses" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61638913) . BBC News . 2022-05-30 . Retrieved 2022-05-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Frasers buys online retailer Missguided for £20m" (https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2022/0601/1302365-frasers-buys-missguided/) . 2022-06-01. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Missguided: Sports Direct owner Frasers Group buys fashion retailer after collapse" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61656681) . BBC News. June 2022 . Retrieved 2022-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Robinson, Jon (2022-07-04). "Missguided changes name after Frasers Group rescue" (https://www.business-live.co.uk/retail-consumer/missguided-changes-name-after-frasers-24393960) . Business Live . Retrieved 2022-07-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Hill, Eloise (2023-10-30). "Shein snaps up Missguided from Frasers Group - Retail Gazette" (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2023/10/shein-buys-missguided/) . www.retailgazette.co.uk . Retrieved 2023-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Barns, Sarah (18 November 2014). "Missguided launch plus-size range for fuller figured fashionistas" (http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/style/536548/Missguided-plus-size-clothing-line) . Express . Retrieved 11 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Hounslea, Tara (26 August 2015). "Missguided to launch lingerie, petite, tall and premium" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/missguided-to-launch-lingerie-petite-tall-and-premium/5078430.article#.Vh42j_lVhBc) . Drapers . Retrieved 6 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Cherrington, Rosy (3 May 2016). "Missguided launch a budget wedding dress range" (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/missguided-wedding-dresses_uk_57286907e4b0e6da49a51b13) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 14 July 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Begum, Shelina (25 February 2014). "X Factor judge Nicole Scherzinger teams up with fashion firm Missguided for new collection" (http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/x-factor-judge-nicole-scherzinger-6741179) . Manchester Evening News . Retrieved 10 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Wilson, Jess (7 December 2015). "Who is Pia Mia? 7 things we know about Kylie Jenner's best friend" (http://www.ok.co.uk/feature/7-things-we-know-about-pia-mia-kylie-jenner) . OK Magazine . Retrieved 4 March 2016 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-23) Bacardi, Francesca (21 March 2016). "Pamela Anderson makes a major nostalgia play in Missguided campaign" (http://www.eonline.com/news/750474/pamela-anderson-makes-a-major-nostalgia-play-in-missguided-campaign) . E Online . Retrieved 21 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Stansfield, Ted (22 March 2016). "Pamela Anderson poses for Arvida Bystrom in new shoot" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/30473/1/pamela-anderson-poses-for-arvida-bystom-in-new-shoot) . Dazed Digital . Retrieved 22 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Three Decades since Baywatch, Pamela Anderson revives iconic red swimsuit look for fashion brand Missguided" (http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/three-decades-since-baywatch-pamela-anderson-revives-iconic-red-swimsuit-look-for-fashion-brand-missguided/news-story/6827a22b3ce516679d1ab8ffab010d2c) . News.com.au . 22 March 2016 . Retrieved 23 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "The A Bikini a Day's High Street Swim Line is Here" (http://www.look.co.uk/fashion/tash-oakley-missguided) . Look.co.uk . Retrieved 14 July 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Thompson, Martine (18 September 2016). "Amber Rose on using clothes as a tool of empowerment" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/32932/1/amber-rose-on-using-clothes-as-a-tool-of-empowerment) . Dazed . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Statz, Augusta (23 June 2016). "When Will Carli Bybel x Missguided Be Available?" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/168713-when-will-carli-bybel-x-missguided-be-available-shop-these-pieces-to-complete-your-summer-wardrobe) . Bustle . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Brasseur, Gaeton (14 October 2016). "Caroline Receveur has created a capsule collection for Missguided" (http://www.influenth.com/caroline-receveur-missguided/) . Influenth . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Baxter-Wright, Dusty (26 May 2017). "How Sarah Ashcroft turned her Instagram account into a money-making business" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/worklife/careers/a9935784/sarah-ashcroft-instagram-account-money-making-business/) . Cosmopolitan . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Roberts, Lauretta (23 November 2016). "Missguided unveils first standalone store in Westfield Stratford" (http://www.theindustrylondon.com/missguided-unveils-first-standalone-store-westfield-stratford/) . The Industry . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Hardy, Alyssa. "Jourdan Dunn's Take on Diversity in Fashion Is What We All Need to Hear" (http://www.teenvogue.com/story/jourdan-dunn-missguided-lon-dunn-diversity-fashion) . Teen Vogue . Retrieved 2017-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "The Missguided x Playboy collection has launched and people aren't happy" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/missguided-playboy-unidays-collaboration-collection-reaction-clothing-line-a8555366.html) . The Independent . 2018-09-26. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220515/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/missguided-playboy-unidays-collaboration-collection-reaction-clothing-line-a8555366.html) from the original on 2022-05-15 . Retrieved 2019-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Sofia Richie Is Teaming Up With Missguided to Launch a Fashion Collection" (https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/sofia-richie-x-missguided-collection-is-coming-soon-details/) . Us Weekly . 2019-09-05 . Retrieved 2019-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Sofia Richie (@sofiarichie) • Instagram photos and videos" (https://www.instagram.com/sofiarichie/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2019-09-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "MISSGUIDED (@missguided) • Instagram photos and videos" (https://www.instagram.com/missguided/) . www.instagram.com . 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2010 biography by Emily Herbert Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop Book cover, UK edition Author Emily Herbert Subject Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) Genre Biography (/wiki/Biography) Publisher John Blake Publishing Ltd. (/wiki/John_Blake_Publishing) Publication date 2010 Publication place United Kingdom Media type Paperback Pages 288 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-84454-963-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84454-963-1) OCLC 515459835 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/515459835) Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop is a biography (/wiki/Biography) of American singer Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) . It was written by Emily Herbert ( pen name (/wiki/Pen_name) for the journalist Virginia Blackburn) and published in the United Kingdom by John Blake Publishing Ltd. (/wiki/John_Blake_Publishing) The book was published by Overlook Press (/wiki/Overlook_Press) in the United States with the title Lady Gaga: Behind the Fame . [1] (#cite_note-1) Additional versions under the title Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop were published in 2010 by Wilkinson Publishing of Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) in Australia [2] (#cite_note-2) and by Gardners Books (/wiki/Gardners_Books) in the United Kingdom. [3] (#cite_note-3) The book discusses Gaga's early life when she was known as Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta from her birth in 1986, and chronicles her education at Convent of the Sacred Heart (/wiki/Convent_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(New_York)) in New York, her early visits to nightclubs with her mother to perform at open-mic (/wiki/Open-mic) events, and her brief foray into the Tisch School of the Arts (/wiki/Tisch_School_of_the_Arts) , leading up to her first experience of fame. Germanotta took the name "Lady Gaga" from the song " Radio Ga Ga (/wiki/Radio_Ga_Ga) " by the rock group Queen (/wiki/Queen_(band)) ; she released her first album The Fame (/wiki/The_Fame) in 2008. Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop describes the musician's success in the industry, noting her business collaborations and appearance on the cover of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) in 2009. Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop received a mixed reception, and a reviewer for the Orlando Sentinel (/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel) wrote a positive review. The Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) criticized the book's style of commentary and its chronological organization style. A book critic for the St. Petersburg Times (/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times) wrote positively about the photographs of Gaga in the book. The Phoenix New Times (/wiki/Phoenix_New_Times) characterized its style as tending towards a positive tone, and compared it to a Wikipedia (/wiki/Wikipedia) entry. A reviewer for the Minneapolis Star-Tribune (/wiki/Minneapolis_Star-Tribune) criticized the book for being predictable. Ms. Magazine (/wiki/Ms._Magazine) said that the book describes the musician's business acumen and motivation to maintain control of her image. A reviewer for the Las Vegas Review-Journal (/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal) wrote that the book presented a detailed biography of the musician. Author [ edit ] Emily Herbert is the pen name of British journalist Virginia Blackburn. [4] (#cite_note-katie-4) Blackburn wrote articles about Lady Gaga in publications including The Express (/wiki/Daily_Express) , [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) and the Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . [6] (#cite_note-theladywho-6) Her biography of Katie Price (/wiki/Katie_Price) , Katie and Peter: Too Much in Love , became a number one bestseller in the category of paperback non-fiction. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) She also wrote Michael Jackson: King of Pop , Kerry: Story of a Survivor (about Kerry Katona (/wiki/Kerry_Katona) ), Robbie: A Life Less Ordinary ( Robbie Williams (/wiki/Robbie_Williams) ), and Gok Wan: The Biography ( Gok Wan (/wiki/Gok_Wan) ). [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Blackburn specializes in celebrity biographies; she motivates herself to write 5,000 words per day. [11] (#cite_note-11) Overlook Press stated it was the first published biography about Lady Gaga. [12] (#cite_note-12) Contents [ edit ] Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop has 288 pages, including 32 pages of photographs of the musician. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-firstlady-14) The author compares Lady Gaga to Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , writing that both are independent and work to assert control over their futures. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) The book discusses Lady Gaga's early life and background, including her upbringing in a New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) household with her father, a businessman. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) Born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta on March 28, 1986, from age 11 she attended Convent of the Sacred Heart (/wiki/Convent_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(New_York)) high school; [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) the same high school as Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) . [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) Germanotta was not popular with her fellow pupils because of her experimentation with exotic dance (/wiki/Exotic_dance) , drugs, and bisexuality (/wiki/Bisexuality) . [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) By age 13, she had written her first song and her mother took her to nightclubs to perform at open-mic events. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) Germanotta gained entry to the Tisch School of the Arts (/wiki/Tisch_School_of_the_Arts) in New York at age 17, but left and started using drugs while performing as a go-go dancer (/wiki/Go-go_dancer) . [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) After a period of difficulty with her father, she ceased this behavior pattern. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) Germanotta adopted a new name, "Lady Gaga", which came from the rock group Queen (/wiki/Queen_(band)) 's song " Radio Ga Ga (/wiki/Radio_Ga_Ga) ". [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) She learned that with a new identity she could gain attention, which she appreciated. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) Her first album, titled The Fame (/wiki/The_Fame) , was released in August 2008 and included the hit songs " Poker Face (/wiki/Poker_Face_(song)) " and " Just Dance (/wiki/Just_Dance_(song)) ." [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) She had an emotional separation from her boyfriend named Luke, who was a heavy metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_music) drummer, but she continued to focus on her music and her work. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) The Fame became successful worldwide, and Gaga started the group "Haus of Gaga", whose contributing endeavors include sound design, clothing, and stage production. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) She appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) in May 2009, and performed with bands including Take That (/wiki/Take_That) and the Pussycat Dolls (/wiki/Pussycat_Dolls) on their world tours. [5] (#cite_note-freak-5) Reception [ edit ] Jim Abbott of the Orlando Sentinel (/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel) described the book as "a breathless new biography" by Herbert. [15] (#cite_note-abbott-15) In a review in the Herald Sun , Blanche Clark was critical and said, "Herbert's loose timeline is irritating, as is some of her glib commentary, such as: 'When her parents took her out to restaurants, she would use the breadsticks as drum batons—music was clearly in the blood.'" [16] (#cite_note-clark-16) St. Petersburg Times (/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times) book critic Colette Bancroft said of the images in the book, "I can tell you lots of the photos are fun, although a few are a little scary, like the one in which she looks like a space alien awaiting a gynecological exam." [17] (#cite_note-bancroft-17) Writing for the Minneapolis Star-Tribune (/wiki/Minneapolis_Star-Tribune) , Kristin Tillotson wrote that Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop is a "quickie, predictably vapid bio". [18] (#cite_note-goo-18) Noelle Williams of Ms. Magazine (/wiki/Ms._(magazine)) wrote that the book "adds to the already familiar growing-up-Catholic-school-girl backstory new insight into Gaga's artistic vision and business savvy. In an industry in which many women (and some men) are shepherded to stardom with little input, Gaga appears to be completely in control of her image." [19] (#cite_note-msmagazine-19) Writing for Phoenix New Times (/wiki/Phoenix_New_Times) , Nicki Escudero compared the book to an entry on Wikipedia (/wiki/Wikipedia) . She wrote, "It's sort of like a really expanded Wikipedia entry, if you like that type of thing, though Herbert's voice shows that she's definitely a fan, and the book isn't completely unbiased—it's a very revering [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] tale of Gaga's 24-year-old life." [20] (#cite_note-glowinglook-20) Sharon Galligar Chance reviewed the book for the Las Vegas Review-Journal (/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal) , and wrote, "Using references from many, many different sources, Herbert has put together a fairly solid biography of the new pop icon". [21] (#cite_note-ladygagasubject-21) She concluded her review saying, "Although sometimes redundant, Herbert ... does give the reader a full-bodied accounting of the persona behind Lady Gaga". [21] (#cite_note-ladygagasubject-21) See also [ edit ] Celebrity biographer (/wiki/Celebrity_biographer) Celebrity branding (/wiki/Celebrity_branding) Fame in the 20th Century (/wiki/Fame_in_the_20th_Century) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 515459835 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/515459835) ^ (#cite_ref-2) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 505912810 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/505912810) ^ (#cite_ref-3) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 491966133 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/491966133) ^ (#cite_ref-katie_4-0) Blackburn, Virginia (January 17, 2010). "Katie Price's life? It's a price worth paying" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jan/17/jordan-celebrity-memoir) . The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131104190702/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jan/17/jordan-celebrity-memoir) from the original on November 4, 2013 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Herbert, Emily (February 18, 2010). "Lady Gaga – I've always been a freak". Daily Express (/wiki/Daily_Express) . p. 24. ^ (#cite_ref-theladywho_6-0) Herbert, Emily (March 7, 2010). "The lady who is sending us gaga". Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . p. 90; Focus. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 22992790 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22992790) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Bestsellers". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . August 22, 2009. p. 12; Section: Features. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Books: The Observer Bestsellers List Week Ending 26 September". The Observer . October 4, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Clee, Nicholas (August 22, 2009). "Between the lines". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . p. 12; Section: Features. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Sexton, David (July 23, 2009). "A cash machine". London Evening Standard (/wiki/London_Evening_Standard) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Goodman, Matthew (May 9, 2010). "Celebrity sagas: as instant as noodles". The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) . p. 6; Section: Business. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Lady Gaga" (http://www.madata.gr/diafora/showbiz/51844.html) . Madata.GR (in Greek). February 6, 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305165408/http://www.madata.gr/diafora/showbiz/51844.html) from the original on March 5, 2016 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Kellogg, Carolyn (February 4, 2010). "Lady Gaga bio is on the way" (http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2010/02/lady-gaga-bio-on-the-way.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100208183606/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2010/02/lady-gaga-bio-on-the-way.html) from the original on February 8, 2010 . Retrieved February 17, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-firstlady_14-0) Jones, Anthony (February 5, 2010). "First Lady Gaga Biography Releasing In March" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101203161444/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7017733160?First%20Lady%20Gaga%20Biography%20Releasing%20In%20March) . All Headline News (/wiki/All_Headline_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7017733160?First%20Lady%20Gaga%20Biography%20Releasing%20In%20March) on December 3, 2010 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-abbott_15-0) Abbott, Jim (May 20, 2010). "Gaga goes to the book club" (http://www.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment/music/os-cal-abbott-music-books-052110-20100520,0,4492941.column) . Orlando Sentinel (/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110608014929/http://www.lvrj.com/blogs/booknook/Lady_Gaga_subject_of_biography.html) from the original on June 8, 2011 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-clark_16-0) Clark, Blanche (March 20, 2010). "Look different, sound similar". Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . p. 22; Section: Books; F – Weekend Edition. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 22992790 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22992790) . ^ (#cite_ref-bancroft_17-0) "We'll just look at the pictures". St. Petersburg Times (/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times) . March 11, 2010. p. 2B. ^ (#cite_ref-goo_18-0) Tillotson, Kristin (March 12, 2010). "Goo-goo for Gaga, but how long?" (http://www.startribune.com/printarticle/?id=87510677) . Minneapolis Star-Tribune (/wiki/Minneapolis_Star-Tribune) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121104004230/http://www.startribune.com/printarticle/?id=87510677) from the original on November 4, 2012 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-msmagazine_19-0) Williams, Noelle (March 11, 2010). "Is Lady Gaga a Feminist or Isn't She?" (http://msmagazine.com/blog/blog/2010/03/11/is-lady-gaga-a-feminist-or-isnt-she/) . Ms. (/wiki/Ms._(magazine)) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110608014929/http://www.lvrj.com/blogs/booknook/Lady_Gaga_subject_of_biography.html) from the original on June 8, 2011 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-glowinglook_20-0) Escudero, Nicki (April 20, 2010). "Lady Gaga Book a Glowing Look at the Young Star's Life" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120727181507/http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/uponsun/2010/04/lady_gaga_book_a_glowing_look.php) . Phoenix New Times (/wiki/Phoenix_New_Times) . Archived from the original (http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/uponsun/2010/04/lady_gaga_book_a_glowing_look.php) on July 27, 2012 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . ^ a b Chance, Sharon Galligar (April 29, 2010). "Lady Gaga subject of biography" (http://www.lvrj.com/blogs/booknook/Lady_Gaga_subject_of_biography.html) . Las Vegas Review-Journal (/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110608014929/http://www.lvrj.com/blogs/booknook/Lady_Gaga_subject_of_biography.html) from the original on June 8, 2011 . Retrieved June 5, 2010 . Further reading [ edit ] Callahan, Maureen (2010). Poker Face: The Rise and Rise of Lady Gaga . Hyperion (/wiki/Disney_Hyperion) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4013-2409-4 . Edwards, Posy (2010). Lady Gaga: Me & You . Orion (/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4091-2314-9 . Goodman, Lizzy (2010). Lady Gaga: Critical Mass Fashion . St. Martin's Griffin (/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-312-66840-2 . Krumenauer, Heidi (2010). Lady Gaga . Mitchell Lane. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58415-904-9 . Lester, Paul (2010). Lady Gaga: Looking for Fame . Omnibus Press (/wiki/Music_Sales_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84938-405-6 . Parvis, Sarah (2010). Lady Gaga . Andrews McMeel Publishing (/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7407-9795-8 . Phoenix, Helia (2010). Lady Gaga: "Just Dance" – The Biography . Orion Publishing Group (/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4091-1567-0 . Rafter, Dan (2010). Fame: Lady Gaga . Bluewater Productions (/wiki/Bluewater_Productions) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4507-0012-2 . External links [ edit ] "Lady Gaga : queen of pop / Emily Herbert" (http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4768869) . National Library of Australia (/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia) . Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (/wiki/Department_of_the_Environment,_Water,_Heritage_and_the_Arts) . 2010. v t e Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Lady_Gaga) Discography (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_discography) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Lady_Gaga_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Lady_Gaga) Videography (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_videography) Studio albums The Fame (/wiki/The_Fame) The Fame Monster (/wiki/The_Fame_Monster) Born This Way (/wiki/Born_This_Way_(album)) Artpop (/wiki/Artpop) Cheek to Cheek (/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek_(album)) Joanne (/wiki/Joanne_(album)) Chromatica (/wiki/Chromatica) Love for Sale (/wiki/Love_for_Sale_(Tony_Bennett_and_Lady_Gaga_album)) Soundtracks A Star Is Born (/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(2018_soundtrack)) Top Gun: Maverick (/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick_(soundtrack)) Compilation albums The Remix (/wiki/The_Remix_(Lady_Gaga_album)) Born This Way: The Remix (/wiki/Born_This_Way:_The_Remix) Born This Way: The Collection (/wiki/Born_This_Way:_The_Collection) Dawn of Chromatica (/wiki/Dawn_of_Chromatica) Extended plays The Cherrytree Sessions (/wiki/The_Cherrytree_Sessions) Hitmixes (/wiki/Hitmixes) A Very Gaga Holiday (/wiki/A_Very_Gaga_Holiday) Concert tours The Fame Ball Tour (/wiki/The_Fame_Ball_Tour) Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga (/wiki/Fame_Kills:_Starring_Kanye_West_and_Lady_Gaga) (cancelled) The Monster Ball Tour (/wiki/The_Monster_Ball_Tour) Born This Way Ball (/wiki/Born_This_Way_Ball) ArtRave: The Artpop Ball (/wiki/ArtRave:_The_Artpop_Ball) Cheek to Cheek Tour (/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek_Tour) Joanne World Tour (/wiki/Joanne_World_Tour) The Chromatica Ball (/wiki/The_Chromatica_Ball) Promotional events ArtRave (/wiki/ArtRave) Dive Bar Tour (/wiki/Dive_Bar_Tour_(Lady_Gaga)) Residencies Lady Gaga Live at Roseland Ballroom (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Live_at_Roseland_Ballroom) Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Enigma_%2B_Jazz_%26_Piano) Documentaries Gaga: Five Foot Two (/wiki/Gaga:_Five_Foot_Two) Television Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Presents_the_Monster_Ball_Tour:_At_Madison_Square_Garden) A Very Gaga Thanksgiving (/wiki/A_Very_Gaga_Thanksgiving) Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_and_the_Muppets_Holiday_Spectacular) Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! (/wiki/Tony_Bennett_and_Lady_Gaga:_Cheek_to_Cheek_Live!) Super Bowl LI halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LI_halftime_show) One Last Time: An Evening with Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga (/wiki/One_Last_Time:_An_Evening_with_Tony_Bennett_and_Lady_Gaga) Gaga Chromatica Ball (/wiki/Gaga_Chromatica_Ball) Bibliography Lady Gaga x Terry Richardson (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_x_Terry_Richardson) Fragrances and cosmetics Lady Gaga Fame (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Fame) Eau de Gaga (/wiki/Eau_de_Gaga) Haus Labs (/wiki/Haus_Labs) Fashion Armadillo shoe (/wiki/Armadillo_shoe) Meat dress of Lady Gaga (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) Related articles Cynthia Germanotta (/wiki/Cynthia_Germanotta) (mother) Born This Way Foundation (/wiki/Born_This_Way_Foundation) Doll Domination Tour (/wiki/Doll_Domination_Tour) Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop One World: Together at Home (/wiki/Together_at_Home) " Perform This Way (/wiki/Perform_This_Way) " Theatricality (/wiki/Theatricality) TechHaus Volantis (/wiki/TechHaus_Volantis) Aleiodes gaga (/wiki/Aleiodes_gaga) Gaga (plant) (/wiki/Gaga_(plant)) Gagadon (/wiki/Gagadon) Kaikaia gaga (/wiki/Kaikaia) Category (/wiki/Category:Lady_Gaga) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Books (/wiki/Portal:Books) LGBT (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) Literature (/wiki/Portal:Literature) Music (/wiki/Portal:Music) Media (/wiki/Portal:Media) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐752l5 Cached time: 20240719001550 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.483 seconds Real time usage: 0.655 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2914/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 77085/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5057/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 114009/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.300/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6326524/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 584.473 1 -total 23.01% 134.477 1 Template:Reflist 22.88% 133.718 1 Template:Infobox_book 19.81% 115.779 1 Template:Infobox 19.28% 112.706 19 Template:Cite_news 18.21% 106.407 1 Template:Lady_Gaga 17.85% 104.324 1 Template:Navbox_Musical_artist 10.29% 60.139 1 Template:Short_description 9.38% 54.816 1 Template:ISBNT 8.33% 48.700 7 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26227119-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719001550 and revision id 1224698348. 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Guatemalan fashion designer (born 1997) Isabella Springmuhl Tejada Born ( 1997-02-23 ) 23 February 1997 (age 27) Nationality Guatemalan Occupation fashion designer Isabella Springmuhl Tejada (nickname, Belita; born 23 February 1997) [1] (#cite_note-ndsccenter.org-1) is a Guatemalan fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . She is noted for reportedly being the first fashion designer to have Down syndrome (/wiki/Down_syndrome) . Under her brand (/wiki/Brand) Down to Xjabelle, she creates sustainable designs (/wiki/Sustainable_design) using colorful Guatemalan fabrics. She is using the power of fashion to challenge the stereotypes and social discrimination she has experienced in response to her condition. [2] (#cite_note-2) Her designs were showcased at the International Fashion Showcase segment of London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in 2016. The same year she was voted one of the BBC 100 Women (/wiki/BBC_100_Women) . Background [ edit ] Springmuhl is the youngest of four children. Her maternal grandmother was a talented designer herself, and she displayed talent as a young girl in drawing and making clothes for her dolls. After graduating from college as a bachelor in Sciences and Letters, she applied to study fashion but was rejected because of her Down syndrome. She was eventually admitted to a school to study it. [3] (#cite_note-infobae-3) Style [ edit ] In her designs, Springmuhl is influenced by Guatemalan folklore. She has worked with numerous indigenous Guatemalan artists who are an influence on her. She makes accessories, wallets, ponchos and dresses, inspired by the culture of her country. She has also makes clothing designed especially for people with her condition. [3] (#cite_note-infobae-3) Her designs are typically vibrant, with colourful floral embroidery using old Guatemalan textiles. The BBC says of her designing: "She has her own unique design process. It starts with hand-picking vintage, authentic Guatemalan textiles from her trusted supplier in Antigua which are then taken back to her atelier and worked on by a seamstress and an embroidery expert, all according to Isabella's specifications." [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) Acclaim [ edit ] In 2015, Springmuhl was invited to showcase her work at the Ixchel Museum of Indigenous Textiles and Clothing (/wiki/Ixchel_Museum_of_Indigenous_Textiles_and_Clothing) in Guatemala. It was a success, and she sold out of her collection. She has since grown in popularity, and her designs were shown in Panama. [3] (#cite_note-infobae-3) [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) In 2016 her dresses were showcased at the International Fashion Showcase segment of London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . In October 2016 she was invited to Rome to showcase her designs. For her contribution to fashion and work, despite her condition, she was voted one of the BBC 100 Women (/wiki/BBC_100_Women) in 2016. [3] (#cite_note-infobae-3) In 2017, Isabella Springmuhl was portrayed by the Austrian photographer Manfred Scheucher, [5] (#cite_note-5) and she also talked about her experiences in a video. [6] (#cite_note-6) The photos were published in magazines worldwide and were also exhibited for months at the Austrian outdoor exhibition "Menschenbilder OÖ 2017". [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2021, she created a collection for and participated in Latin Fashion Week Colorado (/wiki/Latin_Fashion_Week_Colorado) . [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-ndsccenter.org_1-0) "Isabella Springmühl de Guatemala rumbo al London Fashion Week 2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161220124223/http://www.ndsccenter.org/isabella-springmuhl-de-guatemala-rumbo-al-london-fashion-week-2016/) . National Down Syndrome Congress. 21 January 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.ndsccenter.org/isabella-springmuhl-de-guatemala-rumbo-al-london-fashion-week-2016/) on 20 December 2016 . Retrieved 9 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ramos Cacciatore, Manuela. "Isabella Springmuhl brings inclusive Guatemalan designs to the fashion world" (https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2022/01/article_0005.html) . WIPO Magazine . ^ a b c d "Quién es Isabella Springmühl, la exitosa diseñadora de moda con Síndrome de Down" (https://www.infobae.com/tendencias/2016/09/17/quien-es-isabella-springmuhl-la-exitosa-disenadora-de-moda-con-sindrome-de-down/) (in Spanish). Infobae.com. 17 September 2016 . Retrieved 8 December 2016 . ^ a b Khawaja, Ahmen (29 November 2016). "100 Women 2016: Designing clothes for people with Down's syndrome" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-38132503) . BBC . Retrieved 8 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Portraits of Isabella Springmuhl, Guatemala" (https://www.manfred-scheucher.com/v07/index.asp?sn=500&alb4id=1763) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Isabella Springmuhl - Down to Xjabelle - english in Manfred Scheucher Fotografie - www.manfred-scheucher.at" (https://vimeo.com/channels/vollfotograf/209509759) . 22 March 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Menschenbilder OÖ 2015-2019 in Manfred Scheucher Fotografie - www.manfred-scheucher.at" (https://vimeo.com/channels/vollfotograf/349274315) . 21 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "19.7.2017 Menschenbilder OÖ - Aufbau Gmunden in Manfred Scheucher Fotografie - www.manfred-scheucher.at" (https://vimeo.com/channels/vollfotograf/226283907) . 20 July 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "9.8.2017 Bad Hall, Aufbau Menschenbilder OÖ in Manfred Scheucher Fotografie - www.manfred-scheucher.at" (https://vimeo.com/channels/vollfotograf/229211345) . 10 August 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "28.6.2017 Enns - Menschenbilder OÖ 2017 - Aufbau in Manfred Scheucher Fotografie - www.manfred-scheucher.at" (https://vimeo.com/channels/vollfotograf/223636592) . 29 June 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Denver County Court hosts Latin Fashion Week Colorado 2021" (https://elcomerciodecolorado.com/denver-county-court-hosts-latin-fashion-week-colorado-2021/) . El Comercio de Colorado (in Spanish). 13 September 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230622164737/https://elcomerciodecolorado.com/denver-county-court-hosts-latin-fashion-week-colorado-2021/) from the original on 22 June 2023 . Retrieved 22 June 2023 . 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American luggage manufacturer Tom Bihn Company type Corporation (/wiki/Corporation) Founded Santa Cruz, California (/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California) , USA 1982 ( 1982 ) [1] (#cite_note-history-1) Founder Tom Bihn Headquarters Seattle, Washington (/wiki/Seattle,_Washington) , USA Key people Cindy Guan ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Darcy (advisor) Nik (advisor) Products Baggage (/wiki/Baggage) , Briefcases (/wiki/Briefcase) , Backpacks (/wiki/Backpack) , Duffel bags (/wiki/Duffel_bag) , Laptop bags (/wiki/Laptop_bag) , Packing cubes (/wiki/Packing_cube) , Tote bags (/wiki/Tote_bag) , Masks (/wiki/Mask) Website tombihn (http://tombihn.com) .com (http://tombihn.com) Tom Bihn Inc. is an American baggage (/wiki/Baggage) manufacturer, with products ranging from backpacks to travel accessories. It was founded in Santa Cruz, California (/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California) in 1982 by Tom Bihn. [1] (#cite_note-history-1) Bihn had been designing and making bags since 1972. [1] (#cite_note-history-1) The company's headquarters and factory are in Seattle, Washington (/wiki/Seattle) . [2] (#cite_note-faq-2) The logo of the company includes a Farman F.121 Jabiru (/wiki/Farman_F.120) aircraft. [2] (#cite_note-faq-2) Products [ edit ] Travel accessories and small bags Backpacks Laptop bags Totes Travel bags Masks [3] (#cite_note-3) President message [ edit ] In 2017 the company received attention on social media and in news reports for a message printed on its washing instructions tag which read: " NOUS SOMMES DESOLES QUE NOTRE PRESIDENT SOIT UN IDIOT " – We're sorry that our president is an idiot – " NOUS N'AVONS PAS VOTE POUR LUI " – We didn’t vote for him. [4] (#cite_note-huffpost-4) At the time the message was rumored to refer to president Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) , however, it was found that the tag had been printed in 2004 when George W. Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) held the office. At that time, Tom Bihn told The Ottawa Citizen (/wiki/The_Ottawa_Citizen) [4] (#cite_note-huffpost-4) that the "president" in question was him, the president of the company, but added that he was not opposed to that sentiment about Bush. The tag gained further worldwide attention in the same year where it was believed in France that it referred to then French president Jacques Chirac (/wiki/Jacques_Chirac) . [4] (#cite_note-huffpost-4) The Florida Times-Union (/wiki/The_Florida_Times-Union) reported on the story again when interest was renewed during the Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) administration. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "HISTORY WALL" (https://www.tombihn.com/pages/history) . Tom Bihn. ^ a b "FAQ" (https://www.tombihn.com/pages/contact-us/#faq) . Tom Bihn. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Reusable Cloth Face Masks" (https://www.tombihn.com/collections/facemasks) . TOM BIHN . Retrieved 2021-05-01 . ^ a b c "Washing Instructions On U.S.-Made Bag Apologize For 'Idiot' President" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/washing-instructions-idiot-president_us_5893ef86e4b0c1284f253d61) . HuffPost . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fact Check: Were those 'treason tags' just a harmless joke?" (http://jacksonville.com/reason/fact-check/2014-02-13/story/fact-check-were-those-treason-tags-just-harmless-joke) . Florida Times-Union . February 15, 2014. 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Soliman's Water was a brand of 16th century cosmetic lotion that was marketed as being able to remove blemishes on the skin, such as warts (/wiki/Wart) , spots (/wiki/Pimple) and freckles (/wiki/Freckle) . However, the main ingredient of this lotion was mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(element)) , so it caused side-effects such as severe damage to the skin and loose teeth. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Soliman's Water (http://www.chemie.de/lexikon/e/Soliman's_Water) Encyclopedia of Chemistry ^ (#cite_ref-2) Tortora, Phyllis G. (2015-02-26). Dress, Fashion and Technology: From Prehistory to the Present . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780857851925 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐qb8k7 Cached time: 20240711002620 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.105 seconds Real time usage: 0.125 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 120/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2249/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 83/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5175/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.070/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2595112/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 115.351 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 115.351 1 -total 82.95% 95.686 1 Template:Cite_book 1.41% 1.624 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:12838392-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711002620 and revision id 979417189. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soliman%27s_Water&oldid=979417189 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soliman%27s_Water&oldid=979417189) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Patent medicines (/wiki/Category:Patent_medicines)
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This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles This template was considered for deletion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) on 2018 May 14 . The result of the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2018_May_14#Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_navboxes) was " no consensus ". __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Melissa_Satta-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z-Melissa_Satta"],"text":"Melissa Satta","linkableTitle":"Melissa Satta"} Melissa Satta (/wiki/Melissa_Satta) [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Melissa_Satta-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z-Melissa_Satta"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z-Melissa_Satta","timestamp":"2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Melissa_Satta-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z-Melissa_Satta"],"text":"Melissa Satta","linkableTitle":"Melissa Satta"} Although Melissa Satta (/wiki/Melissa_Satta) is a supermodel and exhibits all the characteristics of a supermodel, this template is for those who were chosen to perform supermodel roles in the swimsuit issue. It is not used for supermodels in special sections of the issue. This issue has come up several times in the past.-- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( T (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / C (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / BIO (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger/Antonio_Vernon) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:FOUR (/wiki/Wikipedia:FOUR) ) 22:38, 22 April 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2010%E2%80%932019_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit#c-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z-Melissa_Satta) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2013-04-22T22:38:00.000Z-Melissa_Satta","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency"],"text":"Bodypaint Models and Consistency","linkableTitle":"Bodypaint Models and Consistency"} Bodypaint Models and Consistency [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Vanthorn-2019-05-16T21:25:00.000Z-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","timestamp":"2019-05-16T21:25:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency"],"text":"Bodypaint Models and Consistency","linkableTitle":"Bodypaint Models and Consistency"} The question is: who should be included in this navbox? It seems that models from the bodypaint section are only sporadically included. Still, the asterisk is clearly noted as indicating that the model appeared in this section of the Swimsuit Issue. It seems logical to me to include the models from this section or other sections like it. TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) stated in the previous section from 2013 that this list is for supermodels who perform supermodel roles in the magazine, not for those who appear in special sections. I suggest we take a look at this, as it doesn't seem to be relevant any longer to many readers, nor does it comply with how Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) markets the magazine. As an example of this as currently (not) working, if one looks at the cover models navbox (/wiki/Template:SI_Swimsuit_Cover_Models) , they will see three cover models listed for 2016. In 2016, there were in fact three separate covers and three separate models. One of the covers was devoted to Ronda Rousey (/wiki/Ronda_Rousey) , a model (and athlete) featured in the body paint section of the magazine. While she is listed in the Cover Models navbox, the 2016 section of the 2010–2019 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit (/wiki/Template:2010%E2%80%932019_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit) navbox would lead one to believe she wasn't even in the magazine. The fact is, these photo shoots were commissioned by Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) especially for these issues and they are original photos not included anywhere else. Additionally, they were featured in all but a few editions between 1999-2017. Similarly, in the 2018 edition, a special section called "In Her Own Words" featured famous models and athletes in non-swimsuit photo sessions. The idea of the magazine has evolved over the years and it seems whether a model is included with a new, exclusive photo or group of photos is more important than whether they happen to be wearing legitimate swimwear. Illucidate (/w/index.php?title=User:Illucidate&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Illucidate) ) 16:43, 12 May 2019 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2010%E2%80%932019_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit#c-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","author":"Illucidate","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z-Bodypaint_Models_and_Consistency","replies":["c-TonyTheTiger-2019-05-13T20:45:00.000Z-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","c-Vanthorn-2019-05-16T21:25:00.000Z-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z"]}} If it is more reflective of the editing of the times and reader expectation, you can include them.- TonyTheTiger (/wiki/User:TonyTheTiger) ( T (/wiki/User_talk:TonyTheTiger) / C (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TonyTheTiger) / WP:FOUR (/wiki/Wikipedia:FOUR) / WP:CHICAGO (/wiki/Wikipedia:CHICAGO) / WP:WAWARD (/wiki/Wikipedia:WAWARD) ) 20:45, 13 May 2019 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2010%E2%80%932019_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit#c-TonyTheTiger-2019-05-13T20:45:00.000Z-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2019-05-13T20:45:00.000Z","author":"TonyTheTiger","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-TonyTheTiger-2019-05-13T20:45:00.000Z-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","replies":[]}} I agree, the magazine features now several personalities that are not professional models but with an important editorial new impact. Vanthorn msg ← (/wiki/User_talk:Vanthorn) 21:25, 16 May 2019 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:2010%E2%80%932019_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit#c-Vanthorn-2019-05-16T21:25:00.000Z-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2019-05-16T21:25:00.000Z","author":"Vanthorn","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Vanthorn-2019-05-16T21:25:00.000Z-Illucidate-2019-05-12T16:43:00.000Z","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐67d4b74ff6‐d84lf Cached time: 20240722142415 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.008 seconds CPU time usage: 0.128 seconds Real time usage: 0.190 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 313/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11999/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 225/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9062/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.083/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1596038/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 143.921 1 -total 88.40% 127.228 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 49.30% 70.955 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 11.51% 16.571 1 Template:Oldtfdfull 7.32% 10.542 1 Template:Tmbox 2.56% 3.681 2 Template:Date 1.61% 2.323 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26584828-0!dateformat=default and timestamp 20240722142415 and revision id 1197620683. 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American TV series or program Project Runway All Stars Genre Reality competition (/wiki/Reality_competition) Starring Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) Joanna Coles (/wiki/Joanna_Coles) Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Zanna Roberts Rassi (/wiki/Zanna_Roberts_Rassi) Anne Fulenwider (/wiki/Anne_Fulenwider) Country of origin United States Original language English No. of seasons 7 No. of episodes 80 Production Executive producers Rob Bagshaw Tara Boneillo Gil Goldschein (/wiki/Gil_Goldschein) David Hillman Jonathan Murray Barbara Schneeweiss Harvey Weinstein Daniela Unruh Bob Weinstein Meryl Poster Rob Sharenow Running time 42 to 64 minutes Production companies Bunim/Murray Productions (/wiki/Bunim/Murray_Productions) The Weinstein Company Television (/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company) Original release Network Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) Release January 5, 2012 ( 2012-01-05 ) – March 27, 2019 ( 2019-03-27 ) Related Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Project Runway All Stars is an American reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) series, and a spin-off of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , featuring returning designers competing for grand prizes. Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) and Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) have each hosted one season before Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) became the staple host of the past five seasons. As on Project Runway , the designers are judged by the host, two permanent judges and guest judges throughout the season. The permanent All Stars judges have been designers Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) and Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) . Joanna Coles (/wiki/Joanna_Coles) mentored the designers throughout seasons one and two, Zanna Roberts Rassi (/wiki/Zanna_Roberts_Rassi) replaced her in season three to five and Anne Fulenwider (/wiki/Anne_Fulenwider) mentored seasons six and seven. In May, 2016, Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) renewed Project Runway All Stars for two more seasons (six and seven) in a deal with The Weinstein Company (/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Following the 2017 allegations against Harvey Weinstein, The Weinstein Company (/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company) filed for bankruptcy, Project Runway was picked up by its original broadcaster Bravo. In 2023, it was announced that an All-Star season would be produced and aired by Bravo. This 2023 edition is named as the 20th season of the main show, rather than another season of a separate show. [2] (#cite_note-2) Format [ edit ] Same as Project Runway , All Stars follows the same format with challenges, judgings, and eliminations. Judging [ edit ] Judges on Project Runway All Stars Judge Season 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Main (/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)#Cast_types_or_roles) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Main (/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)#Cast_types_or_roles) Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) Main (/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)#Cast_types_or_roles) Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) Main (/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)#Cast_types_or_roles) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Main (/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)#Cast_types_or_roles) Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) Project Runway All Stars judges Alyssa Milano, Isaac Mizrahi, and Georgina Chapman Judging duties on the first season of All Stars were taken up by host, Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) , fashion designers Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) , Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) , and a fourth guest judge, usually a fashion designer, a supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) , a celebrity, or a professional from an industry related to the challenge given. The second season saw the replacement of Lindvall as host and judge by supermodel Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) , who only remained with the show for one season also. American actress Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) became the host and judge on All Stars in the third season, and has remained on the show for five seasons. Joanna Coles (/wiki/Joanna_Coles) acts as a mentor (/wiki/Mentorship) to the designers, giving them suggestions and tips for their designs throughout the episode, but she does not participate in the judgings. Coles was the stable mentor for the first and second season, until Zanna Roberts Rassi (/wiki/Zanna_Roberts_Rassi) replaced her in the third to fifth season. Anne Fulenwider (/wiki/Anne_Fulenwider) took over for final two seasons. Series overview [ edit ] Season Premiere date Finale date Winner Runner-up No. of contestants Designer prizes 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) January 5, 2012 March 22, 2012 Mondo Guerra (/wiki/Mondo_Guerra) Austin Scarlett (/wiki/Austin_Scarlett) 13 Exclusive designer's boutique in select Neiman Marcus stores and on NeimanMarcus.com $100,000 in technology and office space to help grow their business from HP and Intel $100,000 cash from L'Oreal Paris A feature spread in Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , for which he serve as a guest editor for one year A sewing and embroidery studio provided by Brother International 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) October 25, 2012 January 17, 2013 Anthony Ryan Auld Emilio Sosa (/wiki/Emilio_Sosa) 13 A custom-branded capsule collection for Nine West (/wiki/Nine_West) , receive $150,000 in cash A sewing and embroidery studio provided by Brother Sewing and Embroidery (/wiki/Brother_Industries) An all-expenses-paid trip around the world to attend fashion week, courtesy of Laura Mercier (/wiki/Laura_Mercier) A technology suite provided by HP (/wiki/Hewlett-Packard) and Intel (/wiki/Intel) A fashion spread in Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) magazine A position with Marie Claire magazine as Contributing Editor for one year. 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3) October 24, 2013 January 9, 2014 Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Korto Momolu 11 A custom-branded capsule collection for QVC (/wiki/QVC) , receive $150,000 in cash A sewing and embroidery studio provided by Brother Sewing and Embroidery (/wiki/Brother_Industries) A year's supply and an all-expenses-paid trip for two to Southeast Asia (/wiki/Southeast_Asia) , courtesy of resource® A year's professional hair styling and photography for all of the designer's upcoming fashion shows, courtesy of Alterna Haircare A year's worth of beauty products for their fashion shows as well as professional makeup artist services for their debut show, courtesy of Mary Kay Cosmetics (/wiki/Mary_Kay_Cosmetics) A technology suite provided by HP (/wiki/Hewlett-Packard) and Intel (/wiki/Intel) A fashion spread in a contributing editor position for one year at Marie Claire Magazine 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) October 30, 2014 February 12, 2015 Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Sonjia Williams 14 A chance to create a capsule collection with QVC Appear during QVC's Spring Fashion Week programming A fashion spread in Marie Claire and a position at the magazine as Contributing Editor for one year A special-guest stay at CHI Haircare's International conference in Cancun, Mexico Product and staff for an entire year of runway shows From Mary Kay, an entire year's worth of beauty products for fashion shows and professional makeup artist services for his/her debut show A cash prize of $150,000 A complete custom sewing studio to launch his/her winning line from Brother Sewing and Embroidery. 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) February 11, 2016 May 5, 2016 Dom Streater Kiniokahokula "Kini" Zamora 13 The opportunity to design an exclusive line of jewelry for BaubleBar.com A capsule footwear collection by Chinese Laundry A fashion spread in Marie Claire and a position at the magazine as contributing editor A complete sewing studio to launch his/her winning line from Brothers Sewing and Embroidery A cash prize of $100,000. 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) January 4, 2018 April 5, 2018 Anthony Williams Fabio Costa Stanley Hudson 16 A fashion spread in Marie Claire and a position at the magazine as Contributing Editor A trip for two to London (/wiki/London) Skin care and makeup from Rodial (/w/index.php?title=Rodial&action=edit&redlink=1) for their next show and beyond Accessories and styling services from Intermix (/wiki/Intermix_(fashion)) for their next collection A complete sewing studio to launch his/her winning line from Brothers Sewing and Embroidery A cash prize of $100,000. 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) January 2, 2019 March 27, 2019 Michelle Lesniak Dmitry Sholokhov 14 An editorial fashion spread in Marie Claire and a position at the magazine as guest editor for one year Opportunity to create a signature nail color for Butter London (/w/index.php?title=Butter_London&action=edit&redlink=1) A trip for two to London (/wiki/London) $40,000 worth of sewing machines from Brothers Sewing and Embroidery A cash prize of $100,000. All Stars: Season 1 [ edit ] Further information: Project Runway All Stars season 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) Lifetime's first season of Project Runway All Stars consisted of twelve one-hour episodes featuring 13 past contestants competing in a series of challenges. The airdate was set for November 3, 2011, but was pushed back to January 5, 2012. [3] (#cite_note-3) The season was hosted by Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) and the recurring judges were fashion designers Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) and Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) . The winner was Mondo Guerra (/wiki/Mondo_Guerra) . All Stars: Season 2 [ edit ] Further information: Project Runway All Stars season 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) The second season of All-Stars began airing October 25, 2012. Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) replaced Angela Lindvall as host, while Isaac Mizrahi and Georgina Chapman were back for Season 2 as judges. Season 2 also featuring 13 designers, and Anthony Ryan Auld (/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Ryan_Auld&action=edit&redlink=1) was the winner. All Stars: Season 3 [ edit ] Further information: Project Runway All Stars season 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3) It was announced in June 2013 that a third All Stars season was in the works with Alyssa Milano (/wiki/Alyssa_Milano) as the host. [4] (#cite_note-allstarsseason3-4) Isaac Mizrahi and Georgina Chapman were also returning as judges. [4] (#cite_note-allstarsseason3-4) Zanna Roberts Rassi (/wiki/Zanna_Roberts_Rassi) , the senior fashion editor for Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , joined this season as the mentor. The season started production in late June 2013, [4] (#cite_note-allstarsseason3-4) and premiered on October 24, 2013. [5] (#cite_note-5) Mary Kay Cosmetics (/wiki/Mary_Kay_Cosmetics) is the supplier for all makeup used by the designers for this season, and it is their first time to be featured on the series. [ citation needed ] . Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) was the winner among 11 participating designers. All Stars: Season 4 [ edit ] Further information: Project Runway All Stars season 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) Reports of a fourth season of All Stars, once again hosted by Milano, were confirmed on social media by Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi (/wiki/Snooki) , who served as a guest judge. [6] (#cite_note-6) The cast of 14 designers was revealed on September 16, with a premiere date set for October 30, 2014. Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) was the winner. [7] (#cite_note-7) All Stars: Season 5 [ edit ] Further information: Project Runway All Stars season 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) The fifth season of All Stars premiered in the beginning of 2016. Alyssa Milano returned as host as well as Isaac Mizrahi, Georgina Chapman and Zanna Roberts Rassi. Season 5 features 13 designers, and Dom Streater (/w/index.php?title=Dom_Streater&action=edit&redlink=1) was the winner. All Stars: Season 6 [ edit ] Further information: Project Runway All Stars season 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) The sixth season of All Stars premiered in January 2018. Alyssa Milano returned in her role as host, and Isaac Mizrahi and Georgina Chapman remain regular judges. Anne Fulenwider mentored the designers. Season 6 features eight new All Stars designers, and eight designers who have competed on All Stars previously. The winner of this season was Anthony Williams. All Stars: Season 7 [ edit ] Further information: Project Runway All Stars (season 7) (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_(season_7)) The seventh season of All Stars premiered in January 2019. Alyssa Milano returned in her role as host, and Isaac Mizrahi and Georgina Chapman remain regular judges. Anne Fulenwider mentored the designers. The season featured seven former U.S. winners and seven international winners. [8] (#cite_note-allstarsseason7-8) The winner was Michelle Lesniak. Contestants [ edit ] Original season All Stars 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) All Stars 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) All Stars 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3) All Stars 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) All Stars 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) All Stars 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) Rookies vs. Vets All Stars 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) Global Champion Total 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) Austin Scarlett (/wiki/Austin_Scarlett) Wendy Pepper (/wiki/Wendy_Pepper) † N/A N/A Daniel Franco (/wiki/Daniel_Franco_(designer)) N/A N/A 3 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) Kara Janx (/wiki/Kara_Janx) Andrae Gonzalo 3 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) — Uli Herzner (/wiki/Uli_Herzner) Kayne Gillaspie (/wiki/Kayne_Gillaspie) Jeffrey Sebelia (/wiki/Jeffrey_Sebelia) Mychael Knight (/wiki/Mychael_Knight) † N/A 4 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) Rami Kashou Kathleen "Sweet P" Vaughn Elisa Jimenez (/wiki/Elisa_Jimenez) — — Chris March (/wiki/Chris_March) † 4 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) Kenley Collins Jerell Scott Stephen "Suede" Baum (/wiki/Stephen_%22Suede%22_Baum) Korto Momolu N/A Stella Zotis 5 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) Gordana Gehlhausen Althea Harper Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) N/A Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) 3 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) Mila Hermanovski (/wiki/Mila_Hermanovski) Anthony Williams Emilio Sosa (/wiki/Emilio_Sosa) Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Jay Sario Anthony Williams (veteran) Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) 5 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) Mondo Guerra (/wiki/Mondo_Guerra) Michael Costello (/wiki/Michael_Costello_(fashion_designer)) April Johnston Ivy Higa Carlos Casanova Peach Carr Ari South N/A Valerie Mayen Ari South (veteran) Carlos Casanova (veteran) — 8 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) N/A Anthony Ryan Auld Joshua McKinley Laura Kathleen Planck Viktor Luna N/A Joshua McKinley (veteran) Kimberly Goldson (/wiki/Kimberly_Goldson) (rookie) Anthony Ryan Auld Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) 6 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) N/A Elena Slivnyak Christopher Palu Melissa Fleis Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Sonjia Williams Fabio Costa Gunnar Deatherage Fabio Costa (veteran) Melissa Fleis (veteran) Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) 7 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) Daniel Esquivel Michelle Lesniak Franklin Samantha Black Benjamin Mach Kate Pankoke Patricia Michaels Layana Aguilar Stanley Hudson (rookie) Amanda Valentine (rookie) Michelle Lesniak Franklin 9 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) N/A Helen Castillo Justin LeBlanc Kate Pankoke Alexandria von Bromssen Dom Streater Ken Laurence Alexander Pope Helen Castillo (veteran) Ken Laurence (veteran) N/A 7 Under the Gunn (/wiki/Under_the_Gunn) N/A Sam Donovan Asha Daniels — 2 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) Kiniokahokula "Kini" Zamora Emily Payne Fäde zu Grau Mitchell Perry Char Glover (rookie) Amanda Valentine (rookie) Sean Kelly 7 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) N/A Edmond Newton (rookie) Merline Labissiere (rookie) Candice Cuoco (/wiki/Candice_Cuoco) (rookie) Kelly Dempsey (rookie) — 4 International Editions — Evan Biddell (Canada) Christina Exie (Australia) Sunny Fong (/wiki/Sunny_Fong) (Canada) Jasper Garvida (/wiki/Jasper_Garvida) (England) Juli Grbac (/wiki/Juli_Grbac) (Australia) Cynthia Hayashi (Brazil) Django Steenbakker (Netherlands) 7 Total 13 13 11 14 13 16 14 Legend Designers' names in bold indicate winners in their respective All-Star seasons. Designers' names in italic indicate finalists in their respective All-Star seasons. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) " (https://deadline.com/2016/05/project-runway-renewed-season-16-17-18-all-stars-junior-fashion-inc-lifetime-1201762990/) 'Project Runway' Renewed by Lifetime for 3 Seasons in Big Deal with Weinstein Co. That Includes 'All Stars', 'Jr' & 'Fashion Inc' (https://deadline.com/2016/05/project-runway-renewed-season-16-17-18-all-stars-junior-fashion-inc-lifetime-1201762990/) " (https://deadline.com/2016/05/project-runway-renewed-season-16-17-18-all-stars-junior-fashion-inc-lifetime-1201762990/) . 26 May 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Project Runway Season 20 Trailer: All Stars Return for Another Shot" (https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/project-runway-season-20-trailer-120532456.html) . 10 May 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Seidman, Robert (November 29, 2011). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20111202055124/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/29/project-runway-all-stars-to-premiere-thursday-january-5-on-lifetime/112103/) 'Project Runway All Stars' to Premiere Thursday, January 5 on Lifetime" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111202055124/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/29/project-runway-all-stars-to-premiere-thursday-january-5-on-lifetime/112103/) . TV by the Numbers (Press release). Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/29/project-runway-all-stars-to-premiere-thursday-january-5-on-lifetime/112103/) on December 2, 2011 . Retrieved 28 July 2013 . ^ a b c Bricker, Tierney (June 3, 2013). "Alyssa Milano Hosting Project Runway All Stars Season 3" (http://www.eonline.com/news/425755/alyssa-milano-hosting-project-runway-all-stars-season-3) . E! News . Retrieved 28 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bibel, Sara (September 4, 2013). "Alyssa Milano to Host 'Project Runway All Stars' Season 3" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131112174342/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/09/05/alyssa-milano-to-host-project-runway-all-stars-season-3/201152/) . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/09/05/alyssa-milano-to-host-project-runway-all-stars-season-3/201152/) on November 12, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Guest Judge On Project Runway Allstars! | Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi's Official Site" (http://snookinicole.celebuzz.com/2014/07/guest-judge-on-project-runway-allstars/) . Snookinicole.celebuzz.com . Retrieved 2014-08-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/09/16/project-runway-all-stars-season-4-cast/?hootPostID=6e06b3e720742e83f041cefe1a7a6646) 'Project Runway All Stars' season 4 cast revealed" (http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/09/16/project-runway-all-stars-season-4-cast/?hootPostID=6e06b3e720742e83f041cefe1a7a6646) . ^ (#cite_ref-allstarsseason7_8-0) Lambe, Stacy (November 13, 2018). " (https://www.etonline.com/project-runway-all-stars-international-designers-final-season-exclusive-113571) 'Project Runway All Stars' Welcomes International Champions for Final Season (Exclusive)" (https://www.etonline.com/project-runway-all-stars-international-designers-final-season-exclusive-113571) . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved 13 November 2018 . v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_15) 16 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_16) 17 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_17) 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_18) 19 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_19) 20 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_20) All Stars 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) Junior (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Junior_season_2) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_Project_Runway_contestants) Winners Original Jay McCarroll (/wiki/Jay_McCarroll) Chloe Dao (/wiki/Chloe_Dao) Jeffrey Sebelia (/wiki/Jeffrey_Sebelia) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) * Leanne Marshall (/wiki/Leanne_Marshall) Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Gretchen Jones (/wiki/Gretchen_Jones) Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) * Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Michelle Lesniak Dom Streater Sean Kelly Ashley Nell Tipton Erin Robertson Kentaro Kameyama Sebastian Grey Geoffrey Mac (/wiki/Geoffrey_Mac) Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) Bishme Cromartie All Stars Mondo Guerra (/wiki/Mondo_Guerra) * Anthony Ryan Auld Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Dom Streater Anthony Williams Michelle Lesniak Junior Maya Chelsea Austin Scarlett (/wiki/Austin_Scarlett) * Bradon McDonald (/wiki/Bradon_McDonald) Candice Cuoco (/wiki/Candice_Cuoco) Carol Hannah Whitfield (/wiki/Carol_Hannah_Whitfield) Chris March (/wiki/Chris_March) Christopher Straub (/wiki/Christopher_Straub) * Daniel Franco (/wiki/Daniel_Franco_(designer)) Daniel Vosovic (/wiki/Daniel_Vosovic) * Dexter Simmons (/wiki/Dexter_Simmons) Diana Eng (/wiki/Diana_Eng) Elena Slivnyak (/wiki/Elena_Slivnyak) * Elisa Jimenez (/wiki/Elisa_Jimenez) Emilio Sosa (/wiki/Emilio_Sosa) Garo Sparo (/wiki/Garo_Sparo) Jack Mackenroth (/wiki/Jack_Mackenroth) Kara Janx (/wiki/Kara_Janx) Kayne Gillaspie (/wiki/Kayne_Gillaspie) Keith Michael (/wiki/Keith_Michael) Kelli Martin (/wiki/Kelli_Martin) Kevin Johnn (/wiki/Kevin_Johnn) Korto Momolu (/wiki/Korto_Momolu) Laura Bennett (/wiki/Laura_Bennett) Malan Breton 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American socialite and writer (1922–2013) Nancy Cooke de Herrera Born Nancy L. Veitch April 12, 1922 [1] (#cite_note-California_Birth_Index,_1905–1995-1) [2] (#cite_note-NewsObserver-2) Alameda County, California [1] (#cite_note-California_Birth_Index,_1905–1995-1) Died February 28, 2013 (aged 90) Beverly Hills, California [3] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-3) Occupation(s) Socialite (/wiki/Socialite) , author (/wiki/Author) Spouse(s) Richard Cooke (1941), Luis de Herrera (1951), Tony Jackson (1962) Children One daughter, three sons Nancy Cooke de Herrera (born Nancy Veitch, 1922–2013) [2] (#cite_note-NewsObserver-2) was an American socialite, fashion expert, and author of three books, including All You Need Is Love: An Eyewitness Account of When Spirituality Spread from the East to the West . [4] (#cite_note-Spirit-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life and education [ edit ] De Herrera grew up in Piedmont, California (/wiki/Piedmont_California) , the daughter of a naval officer and Oakland, California (/wiki/Oakland_California) , businessman and banker, "Captain" Edward Veitch. [6] (#cite_note-Newspapers.com-6) She attended Piedmont High School with her lookalike sisters, Ardagh and Doryce, and studied bacteriology at Stanford University (/wiki/Stanford_University) for three years during the 1940s (Class of '43). [7] (#cite_note-Stanford-7) [8] (#cite_note-Beyond_Gurus-8) Adult life [ edit ] De Herrera traveled to Molokai (/wiki/Molokai) in Hawaii (/wiki/Hawaii) via a military convoy and married Richard Cooke, the son of a well-known missionary family in 1941. [8] (#cite_note-Beyond_Gurus-8) [9] (#cite_note-Molokai_Dispatch-9) As the wife of a prominent family member, she performed hostess duties for Admiral Nimitz (/wiki/Admiral_Nimitz) , Admiral Halsey (/wiki/William_Halsey_Jr.) , and Admiral Towers during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . She gave birth to three sons and divorced her husband after nine years of marriage. While in Paris in 1951, she met a member of the American team that raced at Le Mans (/wiki/Le_Mans#Motorsport) , named Luis de Herrera, whom she married a year later. The couple moved to Herrera's home country of Argentina and had a daughter in 1954. [8] (#cite_note-Beyond_Gurus-8) Nine months later her husband, Luis, died of leukemia which Cooke de Herrera believed was related to atomic radiation exposure he incurred while driving near Zion National Park (/wiki/Zion_National_Park) after an atomic bomb test in 1953. [4] (#cite_note-Spirit-4) [7] (#cite_note-Stanford-7) [8] (#cite_note-Beyond_Gurus-8) [10] (#cite_note-Molakai_Dispatch-10) In 1957, de Herrera won a nationwide contest sponsored by a group of American (USA) magazines. Her prize was a world tour to promote American fashion. Afterwards, the United States Information Service (USIS) enabled her to visit governments around the world and advise them on fashion. [11] (#cite_note-India_Abroad-11) For twelve years she was a leading figure in the fashion industry and was referred to as the "U.S. Ambassadress of Fashion" while traveling to 15 countries to present American couture. [4] (#cite_note-Spirit-4) [7] (#cite_note-Stanford-7) [10] (#cite_note-Molakai_Dispatch-10) She also presented lectures entitled: "A Travelogue through Fashion" and "Around the World with Nancy Cooke". [12] (#cite_note-12) De Herrera worked as a publicist for Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi) in the 1960s and traveled with him on a trip to South America. [8] (#cite_note-Beyond_Gurus-8) [13] (#cite_note-VOXXI-13) She was the liaison for the Maharishi and The Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) during their widely publicized visit (/wiki/The_Beatles_in_India) to Rishikesh (/wiki/Rishikesh) in India. [7] (#cite_note-Stanford-7) , during which she and her son, Richard Cooke, served as the subject of the Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) ' satirical song " The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill (/wiki/The_Continuing_Story_of_Bungalow_Bill) ", written by John Lennon. [14] (#cite_note-Buffalo_Bill-14) During her dozens of trips to India and Tibet she is reported to have had meetings with the Dalai Lama (/wiki/Dalai_Lama) , the sixteenth Gyalwa Karmapa (/wiki/Gyalwa_Karmapa) , Sir Edmund Hillary (/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Hillary) , the Shah of Iran (/wiki/Shah_of_Iran) , King Hussein of Jordan (/wiki/King_Hussein_of_Jordan) , and Satya Sai Baba (/wiki/Satya_Sai_Baba) . [7] (#cite_note-Stanford-7) In 1993, she published the autobiographical memoir, Beyond Gurus: A Woman Of Many Worlds , and in 2003, published a follow-up book called, All You Need Is Love: An Eyewitness Account of When Spirituality Spread from the East to the West . [4] (#cite_note-Spirit-4) Over the years she is reported to have given meditation lessons to several celebrities, including Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) , Rosie O'Donnell (/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell) , Lenny Kravitz (/wiki/Lenny_Kravitz) , Santigold (/wiki/Santigold) , [15] (#cite_note-15) and Sheryl Crow (/wiki/Sheryl_Crow) . [7] (#cite_note-Stanford-7) [10] (#cite_note-Molakai_Dispatch-10) She has been called one of the pioneers of the spiritual movement in the West. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2008, she published the novel, Never Tango with a Stranger: Love in Peron's Argentina . [17] (#cite_note-World_Cat-17) According to de Herrera, with the help of some friends, she built two hospitals for abused children in Los Angeles. [11] (#cite_note-India_Abroad-11) She was reportedly working on a third autobiography, concerning her role as the U.S. Ambassadress of Fashion in the 1950s when she died [13] (#cite_note-VOXXI-13) on February 28, 2013, at the age of 90. [13] (#cite_note-VOXXI-13) Books [ edit ] Cooke de Herrera, Nancy (1993) Beyond Gurus: A Woman of Many Worlds , Blue Dolphin Pub [17] (#cite_note-World_Cat-17) Cooke de Herrera, Nancy (2003) All You Need Is Love: An Eyewitness Account of When Spirituality Spread from the East to the West , Jodere Group [17] (#cite_note-World_Cat-17) Cooke de Herrera, Nancy (2008) Never Tango with a Stranger: Love in Peron's Argentina , iUniverse [17] (#cite_note-World_Cat-17) References [ edit ] ^ a b California Birth Index, 1905-1995 ^ a b "Meditation teacher Nancy Cooke de Herrera dies" (http://www.newsobserver.com/2013/03/04/2725103/meditation-teacher-nancy-cooke.html) . NewsObserver.com. March 4, 2013. [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0) Los Angeles Times Obituary, 8 Mar 2013 ^ a b c d All You Need Is Love: An Eyewitness Account of When Spirituality Spread from the East to the West (http://www.allspiritfitness.com/library/books/bl_NeedLoveRev.shtml) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110406151740/http://www.allspiritfitness.com/library/books/bl_NeedLoveRev.shtml) 2011-04-06 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) All Spirit Fitness, book review, 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cae, Herb. (Aug 31, 1961). Los Angeles Times , "Official State Song Slips Disc: Nancy Cooke de Herrera the beautiful blond socialite". ^ (#cite_ref-Newspapers.com_6-0) "Edward Veith Obit" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/92780809/edward-veith-obit/) . Daily Independent Journal . 10 November 1970. p. 4. ^ a b c d e f Jalonen, Wendy (May–June 2010). "TM believer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120625142439/http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2010/mayjun/classnotes/deherrera.html) . Stanford Magazine (Stanford Alumni website) . Archived from the original (http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2010/mayjun/classnotes/deherrera.html) on 2012-06-25 . Retrieved 2011-04-03 . ^ a b c d e Cooke de Herrera, Nancy (1993) Blue Dolphin Publishing, Beyond Gurus: A Woman of Many Worlds, pp27-44 ^ (#cite_ref-Molokai_Dispatch_9-0) Cassidy, Maggie July 29, 2011 A Most Unusual Life, Molokai Dispatch (http://themolokaidispatch.com/most-unusual-life) ^ a b c Cassidy, Maggie July 29, 2011 A Most Unusual Life, Molakai Dispatch (http://themolokaidispatch.com/most-unusual-life) ^ a b Misra, Neelesh (/wiki/Neelesh_Misra) (Dec 1, 1995) U.S. Author Says That India Still Draws Her, India Abroad ^ (#cite_ref-12) Unknown author (2005) Writers Directory 2005, Nancy Cooke de Herrera ^ a b c Baida, Aiyana (March 5, 2013). "Celebrity Meditation Teacher" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130513004047/http://www.voxxi.com/author-nancy-cooke-de-herrera-dies/) . VOXXI. Archived from the original (http://www.voxxi.com/author-nancy-cooke-de-herrera-dies/) on May 13, 2013 . Retrieved March 26, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Buffalo_Bill_14-0) Cooke, Richard III Chasing the Light (https://kenchawkin.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/my-last-hunt-by-richard-rikki-cooke-iii.png?w=637,) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Author unknown (April 22, 2012) Santigold (https://www.nme.com/news/santigold/63386) NME Music News, retrieved April 30, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Author Unknown ALL YOU NEED IS LOVE (http://planetlightworker.com/articles/bookreviews/all_you_need_is_love.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110406173457/http://planetlightworker.com/articles/bookreviews/all_you_need_is_love.htm#) 2011-04-06 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Planet Light Worker web site, Book Review. Retrieved: April 3, 2011 ^ a b c d Nancy Cooke de Herrera (http://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=nancy+cooke+de+herrera) World Cat, retrieved April 30, 2012 Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/307951/) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/53348172) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhxvC4PfDtGH8r47BByd) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92079397) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐8c474d4b9‐75n74 Cached time: 20240709045648 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.374 seconds Real time usage: 0.495 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2122/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19478/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2445/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31550/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.232/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6099036/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 464.793 1 -total 35.67% 165.786 1 Template:Reflist 25.45% 118.289 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.40% 94.839 1 Template:Authority_control 19.04% 88.494 2 Template:Cite_news 15.29% 71.061 1 Template:Short_description 9.26% 43.019 2 Template:Pagetype 7.16% 33.274 1 Template:Dead_link 6.91% 32.140 18 Template:Main_other 6.07% 28.203 1 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31378193-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709045648 and revision id 1175446203. 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English socialite and fashion leader Lady Diana Abdy, possibly by Lady Evelyn Moyne, 1934 Lady Helen Diana Abdy ( née Bridgeman ; 22 June 1907 – 7 May 1967) was an English socialite and fashion leader [1] (#cite_note-npg-1) included in The Book of Beauty (/wiki/The_Book_of_Beauty) by Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) . [2] (#cite_note-Beaton-2) Biography [ edit ] Lady Helen Diana Bridgeman was born on 22 June 1907, [3] (#cite_note-Mosley-3) [4] (#cite_note-Mosley2-4) the daughter of Orlando Bridgeman, 5th Earl of Bradford (/wiki/Orlando_Bridgeman,_5th_Earl_of_Bradford) , and the Hon. Margaret Cecilia Bruce. [1] (#cite_note-npg-1) [3] (#cite_note-Mosley-3) In 1922 she was the youngest bridesmaid at the wedding of Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Countess_of_Harewood) , daughter of George V (/wiki/George_V) . [5] (#cite_note-Montreal_Gazette-5) In May 1923, a month short of her 19th birthday, she was introduced to the American socialite and anglophile Henry 'Chips' Channon. They met many times thereafter until her marriage. Although bisexual himself he was fascinated by her and wondered repeatedly whether to marry her. She designed the cover for his novel. [6] (#cite_note-6) On 10 February 1930 she married Sir Robert Henry Edward Abdy, 5th Baronet (/wiki/Abdy_baronets#Incumbents) , son of Sir Henry Beadon Abdy, 4th Bt. and Anna Adele Coronna. [3] (#cite_note-Mosley-3) They had one son, Sir Valentine Robert Duff Abdy, 6th Baronet (1937–2012) [7] (#cite_note-7) and divorced in 1962. [1] (#cite_note-npg-1) [3] (#cite_note-Mosley-3) Sir Robert Abdy was an art authority who owned antique shops in London and Paris. [5] (#cite_note-Montreal_Gazette-5) Lady Diana Bridgeman was also an artist; [5] (#cite_note-Montreal_Gazette-5) in 1920 publisher Erskine MacDonald published The Poems & Paintings of the Lady Diana Bridgeman . [8] (#cite_note-8) Her portrait posing as a painter by Harold Speed (/wiki/Harold_Speed) is at the Leamington Spa Gallery and Museum (/wiki/Royal_Pump_Rooms) . [9] (#cite_note-9) In 1933 she was included, together with her sister, in The Book of Beauty by Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) : "Lady Abdy is a more exotic edition of her ( Rosamond Pinchot (/wiki/Rosamond_Pinchot) n.d.r.); leonine large and pale, sullen with flowing ash air and richly curving lips. Her movements are panther like, and in many other ways she resembles Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) ." [2] (#cite_note-Beaton-2) She died on 7 May 1967. [3] (#cite_note-Mosley-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "(Helen) Diana (Bridgeman), Lady Abdy" (http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw15022/Helen-Diana-Bridgeman-Lady-Abdy?LinkID=mp14493&role=sit&rNo=2#sitter) . National Portrait Gallery, London (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London) . ^ a b Beaton, Cecil (1933). The Book Of Beauty . Retrieved 19 January 2018 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain (/wiki/Public_domain) . ^ a b c d e Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes. Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999 ^ (#cite_ref-Mosley2_4-0) Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003 ^ a b c "Marries Art Authority - 11 feb 1930" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19300211&id=628tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JYwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5548,1495964&hl=it) . The Montreal Gazette . 1930 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Henry 'Chips'Channon: The Diaries 1918-1938 (Simon Heffer, ed.) London: PenguinRandom House, 217, see index for other meetings. Footnote 5 at 217 carries a biographical note about Bridgeman. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Adam and Charles Black Ltd. Who's Who 1975: An Annual Autobiographical Dictionary. London, U.K.: Adam and Charles Black, 1975 ^ (#cite_ref-8) The Poems & Paintings of the Lady Diana Bridgeman . Erskine MacDonald. 1920. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Speed Diana" (http://womenintheactofpainting.blogspot.it/2013/01/speed-diana.html) . Women in the Act of Painting . 23 January 2013 . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . 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Iranian-born American businessperson (born 1964) Saul Maslavi Born ( 1964-10-14 ) 14 October 1964 Tehran (/wiki/Tehran) , Imperial State of Persia (/wiki/Imperial_State_of_Persia) Education Baruch College (/wiki/Baruch_College) Occupation(s) President and CEO Label Jovani Fashion (/wiki/Jovani_Fashion) Spouse Orly Maslavi Children 4 Relatives Abraham Maslavi (Brother) Website www.jovani.com (https://www.jovani.com/) Saul Maslavi is an Iranian-born American businessperson and CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) , best known for his company Jovani Fashion (/wiki/Jovani_Fashion) . Biography [ edit ] Maslavi was born on October 14, 1964, in Tehran (/wiki/Tehran) , Imperial State of Persia (/wiki/Imperial_State_of_Persia) , to parents Feryal and Jacob Maslavi. [ citation needed ] He grew up in Tehran until he was eleven years old, after which he moved to England. While in England, Maslavi attended Shiplake College (/wiki/Shiplake_College) , a boarding school for boys. [ citation needed ] A year before his scheduled high school graduation from Shiplake, he moved to the United States, where he attended John L. Miller Great Neck North High School (/wiki/John_L._Miller_Great_Neck_North_High_School) . [ citation needed ] In 1982, Maslavi attended Baruch College (/wiki/Baruch_College) in Manhattan. [ citation needed ] His father, Jacob, started a fashion company called Jovani. He attended night classes and helped to grow the Jovani brand. [ citation needed ] Maslavi married Orly Maslavi, an optometrist (/wiki/Optometry) from California, in 1993. [ citation needed ] They have four children, three boys and one girl. Jovani Fashion [ edit ] Jovani Fashion (/wiki/Jovani_Fashion) was founded in 1983 by Jacob Maslavi and his sons, Abraham and Saul Maslavi. [1] (#cite_note-founders-1) The company started as a ten-person operation, designing and manufacturing fifteen styles of dresses (/wiki/Dresses) for specialty boutiques. Jovani Fashion began primarily as an evening wear (/wiki/Evening_gown) company but explored other markets in 1990, such as the growing prom (/wiki/Prom) and cocktail trends. By 1992, Jovani’s popularity had increased and business was booming. Production moved to China, while designs and patterns were still created in the US. In 1996, Jovani brought on American designer Sherri Hill (/wiki/Sherri_Hill) to assist in the expansion of their prom and pageant market; the designer remained with the fashion house for the next twelve years. After his father’s passing in 2006, Maslavi became the unofficial owner of Jovani Fashions. A year later, Maslavi opened a second Jovani showroom in Atlanta, Georgia that was renovated in April 2015. Celebrities, including Miranda Lambert, [2] (#cite_note-miranda-2) Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) , [3] (#cite_note-underwood-3) Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) , [4] (#cite_note-selena-4) Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) , Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) [5] (#cite_note-taylor-5) and Jewel (/wiki/Jewel_(singer)) , [6] (#cite_note-jewel-6) have worn Jovani’s signature pieces for red carpet, charity, and social events. In 2014, dresses worn by country music star Miranda Lambert (/wiki/Miranda_Lambert) were exhibited in the Country Music Hall of Fame (/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum) in Nashville, Tennessee. [7] (#cite_note-lambert-7) Jovani Fashion remains family owned and has grown to a fifty-person company. Their website states that they serve over 2,000 retailers worldwide, [8] (#cite_note-jovani-8) including Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) . [9] (#cite_note-neiman-9) Maslavi has expanded Jovani Fashions to include several notable collections, such as JVN by Jovani, a low price point prom line, Maslavi, a contemporary ready-to-wear-line, and Jovani Bridal, a wedding dress line. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2014, Saul Maslavi was named President and CEO of Jovani Fashion. [ citation needed ] Charity [ edit ] In 2013, Saul Maslavi and Jovani Fashion partnered with the non-profit Operation PROM, [11] (#cite_note-operation-11) to provide prom dresses to underprivileged high school students. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-founders_1-0) Jovani Fashion to Make Entry at Brooklyn Fashion Week (http://www.beautyworldnews.com/articles/2145/20120914/jovani-brooklyn-fashion-week-ny-fashion-week.htm) , Beauty World News, September 14, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-miranda_2-0) Davis, Jennifer "The Voice: Is Danielle Bradbery’s Fashion Inspiration Miranda Lambert?" (http://news.instyle.com/2013/06/18/danielle-bradbury-miranda-lambert-jovani/) , Instyle.com, Published June 18, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-underwood_3-0) Chan, Jennifer "Carrie Underwood’s 12 CMA Awards Dresses: See Host’s Best Costume Changes" (http://www.eonline.com/news/359759/carrie-underwood-s-12-cma-awards-dresses-see-host-s-best-costume-changes) , EOnline.com, Published November 2, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-selena_4-0) Selena Gomez and Jovani (http://coolspotters.com/actresses/selena-gomez/and/brands/jovani/media/259687#medium-259687) , Coolspotters ^ (#cite_ref-taylor_5-0) Look of the Day (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/look-of-the-day/designer/0,,jovani_20716356,00.html) , InStyle.com ^ (#cite_ref-jewel_6-0) Jewel In Jovani – American Country Awards 2013 (http://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2013/12/11/jewel-jovani-american-country-awards-2013/) , Red Carpet Fashion Awards. November 12, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-lambert_7-0) Miranda Lambert: Backstage Access to Open May 16 (http://countrymusichalloffame.org/newsandupdates/posts/miranda-lambert-backstage-access-to-open-may-16#.VFvt5MngfC9) , Country Music Hall of Fame News and Updates, April 23, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-jovani_8-0) About Us (http://www.jovani.com/jovani-about-us) , Jovani.com ^ (#cite_ref-neiman_9-0) Neiman Marcus.com (http://www.neimanmarcus.com/NM/Jovani-NM-Store-Redirect/cat44710761_cat8900735/c.cat?navid=redirect:jovanistorepg) , retrieved August 13, 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-10) "JVN" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230606152941/https://www.jvn.com/) . Archived from the original (https://www.jvn.com/) on June 6, 2023 . Retrieved 14 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-operation_11-0) Operation Prom (http://operationprom.org/) , Retrieved August 13, 2014 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.jovani.com) designer dresses blog (https://www.jovani.com/blog) Jovani Profile on Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Russia (https://archive.today/20141112201725/http://mercedesbenzfashionweek.ru/en/designers/196) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐pp5sm Cached time: 20240714011541 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.354 seconds Real time usage: 0.711 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3183/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22506/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5680/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10641/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.202/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5022756/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 426.629 1 -total 33.15% 141.447 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 22.45% 95.775 1 Template:Reflist 19.54% 83.366 7 Template:Citation_needed 18.94% 80.811 1 Template:Cite_web 16.55% 70.628 1 Template:Short_description 16.36% 69.817 7 Template:Fix 9.34% 39.832 2 Template:Pagetype 9.02% 38.480 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.36% 35.670 24 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48630660-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714011541 and revision id 1217013973. 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1985 murder case in England Aristos Constantinou Aristos Constantinou – Άριστος Κωνσταντίνου (c. 1945 – 1 January 1985) – was the founder of the Ariella fashion label (/wiki/Ariella_Fashion_House) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The Ariella label came to prominence during the British fashion revolution (/w/index.php?title=British_fashion_revolution&action=edit&redlink=1) , and was known for its cocktail, evening, and occasionwear and casino uniforms. [2] (#cite_note-vintagefashionguild.org-2) [3] (#cite_note-Aristos-3) Aristos opened a workshop upstairs at 45 Carnaby Street in 1966, and used the label ‘designed by Aristos’. [2] (#cite_note-vintagefashionguild.org-2) [3] (#cite_note-Aristos-3) [4] (#cite_note-drapersonline.com-4) [5] (#cite_note-TARA_HOUNSLEA-5) In 1971, he was joined by his brother Achilleas, who runs the company to this day. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Together, they expanded the business to Duke Street, Oxford Street, Newburgh Street and more on Carnaby Street. They grew rapidly and began to supply their clothes wholesale to larger retailers such as Jane Norman, DH Evans, and John Lewis. [4] (#cite_note-drapersonline.com-4) [5] (#cite_note-TARA_HOUNSLEA-5) By 1974, they had a headquarters in Marylebone, a showroom in Great Portland Street and nine retail shops including branches in Chicago and Lausanne, Switzerland. [4] (#cite_note-drapersonline.com-4) [5] (#cite_note-TARA_HOUNSLEA-5) They eventually moved to larger headquarters in Wood Green, but the retail side of the business was being overtaken in importance by the wholesale operations. Aristos was murdered in the early hours of New Year's Day (/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day) 1985 at his home in The Bishops Avenue (/wiki/The_Bishops_Avenue) , Hampstead, London, known as Billionaire's Row (/wiki/The_Bishops_Avenue) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Aristos' house in The Bishops Avenue stands in 2.5 acres has seven bedrooms, numerous reception rooms and bathrooms, the grounds included stables and separate apartment quarters for staff. [ citation needed ] Life [ edit ] Constantinou was born around 1945. The son of a Greek Cypriot master tailor, they emigrated to the UK in the early 1960s. [ citation needed ] Death [ edit ] Constantinou was murdered in the early hours of New Year's Day 1985 at his home in The Bishops Avenue, Hampstead, London. He was shot several times after returning with his wife Elena from a New Year's party. He was aged 40. The death was reported initially to be the result of a burglary. [9] (#cite_note-Times-9) The account of the death given by Elena has since been challenged by other members of Constantinou's family. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Aristos was survived by his wife Elena and three children: Aristos, Nicholas and Anthony. see: Aristos Constantine (/w/index.php?title=Aristos_Constantine&action=edit&redlink=1) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Achilleas Constantinou, Chief Executive, Ariella Fashions" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/yourbusiness/business-thinking/8056386/Achilleas-Constantinou-Chief-Executive-Ariella-Fashions.html) . The Daily Telegraph . London. 11 October 2010. ^ Jump up to: a b "Vintage Fashion Guild : Label Resource : Aristos" (http://vintagefashionguild.org/label-resource/aristos/) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Aristos" (http://vintagefashionguild.org/) . emmapeelpants. ^ Jump up to: a b c " (https://www.drapersonline.com/companies/swinging-sixties-label-ariella-enters-a-golden-age) 'Swinging Sixties' label Ariella enters a golden age" (https://www.drapersonline.com/companies/swinging-sixties-label-ariella-enters-a-golden-age) . 9 December 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b c TARA HOUNSLEA. " (https://www.drapersonline.com/) 'Swinging Sixties' label Ariella enters a golden age Domain" (https://www.drapersonline.com/) . Drapers. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Tycoon brother of 'Silver Bullet Murder' victim returns to the High" (https://www.standard.co.uk/business/business-news/tycoon-brother-of-silver-bullet-murder-victim-returns-to-the-high-street-with-ariella-fashion-brand-10209535.html) . 28 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Tycoon brother of 'Silver Bullet Murder' victim returns to the High Street with Ariella fashion brand after 30 years" (https://www.standard.co.uk/) . JOANNA BOURKE. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Bishops Avenue, East Finchley: Billionaire's Row" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/apr/30/theobserver.observerbusiness5) . TheGuardian.com (/wiki/TheGuardian.com) . 29 April 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-Times_9-0) "Burglary theory after wealthy businessman is shot dead." Stewart Tendler, The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , 2 January 1985, p. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Gillard, Michael (30 November 2008). "Family of murdered tycoon calls for his wife to be charged" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/family-of-murdered-tycoon-calls-for-his-wife-to-be-charged-1041651.html) . The Independent . London. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Family of murdered tycoon calls for charges against widow". Ben Leach, (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3537015/Family-of-murdered-tycoon-calls-for-charges-against-widow.html) The Telegraph , 30 November 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2015. (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3537015/Family-of-murdered-tycoon-calls-for-charges-against-widow.html) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Brother accuses wife of 'silver bullets' murder - 22 years later" (https://www.standard.co.uk/news/brother-accuses-wife-of-silver-bullets-murder--22-years-later-7172169.html) . 13 April 2012. 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For the mask approved for the prevention of infection from pathogens (/wiki/Pathogen) , like tuberculosis (/wiki/Tuberculosis) , see N95 respirator (/wiki/N95_respirator) and FFP2 (/wiki/FFP2) . Mask made of common textiles worn over the mouth and nose Cloth face mask A cloth face mask made out of 2-ply construction with layers of 85% polyester and 15% cotton fabric Other names Fabric mask [ edit on Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89480286) ] A cloth face mask is a mask (/wiki/Mask) made of common textiles (/wiki/Textile) , usually cotton (/wiki/Cotton) , worn over the mouth and nose. When more effective masks are not available, and when physical distancing is impossible, cloth face masks are recommended by public health agencies for disease "source control" (/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)) in epidemic (/wiki/Epidemic) situations to protect others from virus laden droplets in infected mask wearers' breath, coughs, and sneezes. Because they are less effective than N95 masks (/wiki/N95_mask) , surgical masks (/wiki/Surgical_mask) , or physical distancing (/wiki/Physical_distancing) in protecting the wearer against viruses, they are not considered to be personal protective equipment (/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment) by public health agencies. [1] (#cite_note-interim2-1) Cloth face masks were routinely used by healthcare workers starting from the late 19th century. They fell out of use in the developed world (/wiki/Developed_country) in favor of disposable surgical masks with an electret (/wiki/Electret) (electrically charged) filter material (/wiki/Mechanical_filter_(respirator)) , but cloth masks persisted in developing countries (/wiki/Developing_country) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) During the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , their use in developed countries was revived due to shortages (/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic) , as well as for environmental concerns and practicality. Launderable cloth electret filters were also being developed. [3] (#cite_note-scoping-3) Usage [ edit ] See also: Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic) Guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention) on using and making cloth masks during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , reusable cloth face masks were predominantly used by healthcare workers in developing countries and were especially prominent in Asia. Cloth face masks contrast with surgical masks (/wiki/Surgical_mask) and respirators (/wiki/Respirator) such as N95 masks (/wiki/N95_mask) , which are made of nonwoven fabric (/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric) formed through a melt blowing (/wiki/Melt_blowing) process. In addition, respirators, unlike cloth face masks, are regulated for their effectiveness based upon efficiency of minimum particle size filtered and/or maximum penetrating particle (MPP) size, along with other criteria such as outer splash/spray protection, inner splash/spray absorption, contaminant accumulation and shedding, air flow, and inflammability. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Like surgical masks, and unlike respirators, cloth face masks do not provide a seal around the face, and prior to the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak were generally not authorized by institutions for protection from sub-HEPA particle size (less than 0.3 um) Influenza Like Illness (ILI). [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) In healthcare settings, they are used on sick patients as source control (/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)) to reduce disease transmission through respiratory droplets (/wiki/Respiratory_droplet) , and by healthcare workers when surgical masks and respirators are unavailable. Cloth face masks are only recommended for use by healthcare workers as a last resort if supplies of surgical masks and respirators are exhausted. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) They are also used by the general public in household and community settings as perceived protection against both infectious diseases and particulate (/wiki/Particulates) air pollution (/wiki/Air_pollution) and to contain the wearer's exhaled virus laden droplets. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Several types of cloth face masks are available commercially, especially in Asia. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Homemade masks can also be improvised using bandanas (/wiki/Bandana) , [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) handkerchiefs (/wiki/Handkerchief) , [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) scarves (/wiki/Scarf) , [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) or towels (/wiki/Towel) . [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) But depending on the situation, reusable cloth masks with incorporated filters can block particles nearly as well as medical-grade masks can, as long as they fit securely. [8] (#cite_note-8) Recommendations [ edit ] Infographic from the World Health Organization (/wiki/World_Health_Organization) showing the do's and don'ts of wearing a fabric mask to prevent the spread of COVID-19 Two French cloth masks certified by AFNOR (/wiki/AFNOR) . The white mask is made of polypropylene (/wiki/Polypropylene) and the black one is made of cotton. The World Health Organization (/wiki/World_Health_Organization) (WHO) recommends that cloth face masks should be worn in public where social distancing is not possible to help stop the spread of coronavirus. It notes that wearing a cloth face mask is just one of a range of tools that can be used to reduce the risk of transmission. [9] (#cite_note-BBC20200606-9) The US Center for Disease Control (/wiki/Center_for_Disease_Control) , along with Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_School_of_Medicine) , The Mayo Clinic (/wiki/The_Mayo_Clinic) , and Cleveland Clinic (/wiki/Cleveland_Clinic) all concur with this recommendation. [10] (#cite_note-CDC042020-10) [11] (#cite_note-ClevelandClin-11) [12] (#cite_note-MayoClin05282020-12) [13] (#cite_note-JHU06252020-13) The World Health Organization (/wiki/World_Health_Organization) also recommended that those aged over 60 years old or with underlying health risks require more protection and should wear medical masks in areas where there is community transmission. [9] (#cite_note-BBC20200606-9) The World Health Organization (/wiki/World_Health_Organization) recommends using masks with at least three layers of different materials. Two spunbond (/wiki/Spunbond) polypropylene (/wiki/Polypropylene) layers are also believed to offer adequate filtration and breathability. [14] (#cite_note-who20200606-14) When producing cloth face masks, two parameters should be considered: filtration efficiency of the material and breathability. The filter quality factor known as "Q" is commonly used as an integrated filter quality indicator. It is a function of filtration efficiency and breathability, with higher values indicating better performance. Experts recommend Q-factor of three or higher. [14] (#cite_note-who20200606-14) A peer-reviewed summary (https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(20)30826-0/fulltext) [15] (#cite_note-15) of the filtration properties of cloth and cloth masks concluded that, pending further research, evidence is strongest for 2 to 4 layers of plain weave cotton or flannel, at least 100 thread count (/wiki/Thread_count) . A plain-language summary (https://www.clothmasks.ca/plain-language-summary-of-evidence) of this review is available. Comparison of materials for fabric masks [14] (#cite_note-who20200606-14) Material (source) Structure Initial Filtration Efficiency (%) Initial Pressure drop (Pa) Filter quality factor, Q (kPa −1 ) Polypropylene (/wiki/Polypropylene) (interfacing material) spunbond (/wiki/Spunbond) 6 1.6 16.9 Cotton (sweater) knit 26 17 7.6 Cotton (T-shirt) knit 21 14.5 7.4 Polyester (/wiki/Polyester) (toddler wrap) knit 17 12.3 6.8 Cotton (T-shirt) woven 5 4.5 5.4 Cellulose (/wiki/Cellulose) (tissue paper) bonded 20 19 5.1 Cellulose (paper towel) bonded 10 11 4.3 Silk (napkin) woven 4 7.3 2.8 Cotton (handkerchief) woven 1.1 9.8 0.48 Cotton, gauze (/wiki/Gauze) woven 0.7 6.5 0.47 Nylon (/wiki/Nylon) (exercise pants) woven 23 244 0.4 Effectiveness [ edit ] Cloth face masks can be used for source control (/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)) to reduce disease transmission arising from the wearer's respiratory droplets (/wiki/Respiratory_droplet) , but are not considered personal protective equipment (/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment) for the wearer [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-:42-18) as they typically have very low filter efficiency. [19] (#cite_note-RengasamySamy2010-19) [20] (#cite_note-:12-20) There are no standards or regulation for self-made cloth face masks. [20] (#cite_note-:12-20) As of 2015, there had been no randomized clinical trials (/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial) or guidance on the use of reusable cloth face masks. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Most research had been performed in the early 20th century, before disposable surgical masks became prevalent. One 2010 study found that 40–90% of particles in the 20–1000 nm range penetrated a cloth mask and other fabric materials. [19] (#cite_note-RengasamySamy2010-19) The performance of cloth face masks varies greatly with the shape, fit, and type of fabric, [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) as well as the fabric fineness and number of layers. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) As of 2006, no cloth face masks had been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration) for use as surgical masks. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) A Vietnamese study of healthcare workers compared influenza-like illness outcome among those wearing cloth masks versus medical masks. [21] (#cite_note-21) They concluded that cloth masks were ineffective at preventing transmission in high-risk clinical settings. Although discouraged in clinical settings, cloth masks may still serve a useful role in reducing disease transmission in public settings according to a systematic review. [22] (#cite_note-22) The primary role of masks worn by the general public is to "stop those who are already infected broadcasting the virus into the air around them". [23] (#cite_note-:6-23) This is of particular importance with the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , as silent transmission seems to be a key feature of its rapid spread. For example, of the people on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess) , 634 people were found to be infected—52% had no symptoms at the time of testing, including 18% who never developed symptoms. [24] (#cite_note-24) It is important to note that mask wearers are more likely to engage in other hygiene measures such as hand washing and social distancing (/wiki/Social_distancing) . Best practice is to implement multiple prevention techniques to reduce risk, as characterized by the Swiss cheese model (/wiki/Swiss_cheese_model) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Compared with bacteria recovery from unmasked volunteers, a mask made of muslin and flannel reduced bacteria recovered on agar sedimentation plates by 99%, total airborne microorganisms by 99%, and bacteria recovered from aerosols (<4 μm) by 88% to 99%. [26] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-26) In 1975, 4 medical masks and 1 commercially produced reusable mask made of 4 layers of cotton muslin were compared. Filtration efficiency, assessed by bacterial counts, was 96% to 99% for the medical masks and 99% for the cloth mask; for aerosols (<3.3 μm), it was 72% to 89% and 89%, respectively. [27] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-27) An experiment carried out in 2013 by Public Health England, that country's health-protection agency, found that a commercially made surgical mask filtered 90% of virus particles from the air coughed out by participants, a vacuum cleaner bag filtered out 86%, a tea towel blocked 72% and a cotton t-shirt 51%—though fitting any DIY mask properly and ensuring a good seal around the mouth and nose is crucial. [28] (#cite_note-28) [23] (#cite_note-:6-23) The use of common fabrics in making face masks has been tested. [29] (#cite_note-van_der_Sande_Teunis_Sabel_p=e2618-29) [30] (#cite_note-Davies_Thompson_Giri_Kafatos_pp._413–418-30) [31] (#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press_(OUP)_p.-31) [32] (#cite_note-Konda_Prakash_Moss_Schmoldt_p.-32) Filter efficiency can be improved with multiple layers, high weave density, and a mix of different types of fabrics. Cotton is the most commonly used material, and filter efficiencies can reach >80% for particles <300 nm with fabric combinations such as cotton-silk, cotton-chiffon, or cotton-flannel. [32] (#cite_note-Konda_Prakash_Moss_Schmoldt_p.-32) The most protective cloth masks need at least three layers with a hydrophilic inner layer (e.g. cotton) to absorb moisture from the wearer's breathing and hydrophobic outer layers (e.g. polyester). [14] (#cite_note-who20200606-14) Masks should be cleaned after each use. They can either be laundered or hand-washed in soapy hot water and dried with high heat. [33] (#cite_note-33) History [ edit ] In 1918, the Red Cross recommended two-layer gauze masks. [34] (#cite_note-WashTimes_19180927-34) During the 1918 flu pandemic (/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic) , a streetcar conductor in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) refuses a person who attempts to board without wearing a mask. In Roman times, Pliny the Elder (/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder) recommended that miners use animal bladders to protect against inhaling lead oxides. Some followers of Jainism (/wiki/Jainism) , which originated in India around 500 B.C.E, wear cloth masks to avoid accidentally inhaling insects as part of practicing ahimsa (/wiki/Ahimsa) . [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) In the 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci (/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci) advised the use of a wet woven cloth to protect against toxic agents [ which? ] of chemical warfare. [38] (#cite_note-38) In the early modern period, the plague-doctor costume (/wiki/Plague_doctor_costume) included a beaked face-mask worn to protect the wearer from infectious " miasma (/wiki/Miasma_theory) ". Conventional cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy) attire in the American West (/wiki/American_West) often included a bandanna (/wiki/Bandanna) , which could protect the face from blown dust and also potentially doubled as a means of obscuring identity. [39] (#cite_note-39) In 1890 William Stewart Halsted (/wiki/William_Stewart_Halsted) pioneered the use of rubber gloves and surgical face masks, although some European surgeons such as Paul Berger (/wiki/Paul_Berger) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (/wiki/Jan_Mikulicz-Radecki) had worn cotton gloves and masks earlier. These masks became commonplace after World War I and the Spanish flu (/wiki/Spanish_flu) epidemic of 1918. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) Cloth face masks were promoted by Wu Lien-teh (/wiki/Wu_Lien-teh) in the 1910–11 Manchurian pneumonic plague outbreak (/wiki/Manchurian_plague) , although Western medics doubted their efficacy in preventing the spread of disease. [42] (#cite_note-42) Cloth masks were largely supplanted by modern surgical masks (/wiki/Surgical_mask) made of nonwoven fabric (/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric) in the 1960s, [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) although their use continued in developing countries. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) They were used in Asia during the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak (/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak) , and in West Africa during the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic (/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Compared with bacteria recovery from unmasked volunteers, a mask made of muslin and flannel reduced bacteria recovered on agar sedimentation plates by 99%, total airborne microorganisms by 99%, and bacteria recovered from aerosols (<4 μm) by 88% to 99%. [26] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-26) In 1975, 4 medical masks and 1 commercially produced reusable mask made of 4 layers of cotton muslin were compared. Filtration efficiency, assessed by bacterial counts, was 96% to 99% for the medical masks and 99% for the cloth mask; for aerosols (<3.3 μm), it was 72% to 89% and 89%, respectively. [27] (#cite_note-ReferenceB-27) COVID-19 pandemic [ edit ] Main article: Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic) Rhode Island National Guardsmen (/wiki/Rhode_Island_National_Guard) sew face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , April 6, 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , most countries recommended the use of cloth masks to reduce the spread of the virus. [43] (#cite_note-43) On June 5, 2020, WHO changed its advice on face masks, recommending that the general public should wear fabric masks where widespread COVID-19 transmission exists and physical distancing is not possible (for example, "on public transport, in shops or in other confined or crowded environments"). [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-bbc20200606-45) See also [ edit ] N95 (/wiki/N95) - a mask designed to stop the spread of tuberculosis (/wiki/Tuberculosis) Nose filter (/wiki/Nose_filter) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-interim2_1-0) "Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings" (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html) . U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention) . May 18, 2020 . Retrieved May 21, 2020 . ^ a b c d e f g MacIntyre, C. R.; Chughtai, A. A. (April 9, 2015). "Facemasks for the prevention of infection in healthcare and community settings" (http://akkie.mods.jp/2019-nCoV/images/c/c0/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82vs%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%88%E9%98%B2%EF%BC%9A%E7%B7%8F%E8%AA%AC_%282015%2C_MacIntyre%29.pdf) (PDF) . BMJ . 350 (apr09 1): h694. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1136/bmj.h694 (https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h694) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1756-1833 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1756-1833) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 25858901 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25858901) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 46366687 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46366687) . ^ (#cite_ref-scoping_3-0) Godoy, Laura R. Garcia; Jones, Amy E.; Anderson, Taylor N.; Fisher, Cameron L.; Seeley, Kylie M. L.; Beeson, Erynn A.; Zane, Hannah K.; Peterson, Jaime W.; Sullivan, Peter D. (May 1, 2020). "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486) . BMJ Global Health . 5 (5): e002553. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002553 (https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjgh-2020-002553) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2059-7908 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2059-7908) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 7228486 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228486) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32371574 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32371574) . ^ a b c "Use of Cloth Face Coverings to Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19" (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html) . U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . April 4, 2020 . Retrieved April 5, 2020 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain (/wiki/Public_domain) . ^ a b c d e f Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic: Facing the Flu . Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. July 24, 2006. pp. 6, 36–38. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.17226/11637 (https://doi.org/10.17226%2F11637) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-309-10182-0 . ^ a b c Shakya, Kabindra M.; Noyes, Alyssa; Kallin, Randa; Peltier, Richard E. (May 1, 2017). "Evaluating the efficacy of cloth facemasks in reducing particulate matter exposure" (https://www.ceh.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/1-Shakaya-Face-Masks-JESEE-2016.pdf) (PDF) . Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology . 27 (3): 352–357. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1038/jes.2016.42 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fjes.2016.42) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1559-064X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1559-064X) . 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Before Sam Peckinpah ever wore a bandana , before Paul Newman and Robert Redford ever got into western gear, these gentlemen train robbers [...] ^ (#cite_ref-40) Fielding H. Garrison (/wiki/Fielding_H._Garrison) (1921). History of Medicine (3rd ed.). Philadelphia W.B. Saunders. p. 761. ^ (#cite_ref-41) O'Donnell, V. R.; Chinelatto, L. A.; Rodrigues, C.; Hojaij, F. C. (2020). "A brief history of medical uniforms: from ancient history to the COVID-19 time" (https://doi.org/10.1590%2F0100-6991e-20202597) . Rev Col Bras Cir . 47 : e20202597. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1590/0100-6991e-20202597 (https://doi.org/10.1590%2F0100-6991e-20202597) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32520135 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32520135) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 219563013 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219563013) . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Lynteris, Christos (August 18, 2018). "Plague Masks: The Visual Emergence of Anti-Epidemic Personal Protection Equipment" (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01459740.2017.1423072) . Medical Anthropology . 37 (6): 442–457. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/01459740.2017.1423072 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01459740.2017.1423072) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 10023/16472 (https://hdl.handle.net/10023%2F16472) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0145-9740 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0145-9740) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 30427733 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30427733) . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Which Countries Are Requiring Face Masks?" (https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/which-countries-are-requiring-face-masks) . Council on Foreign Relations . Retrieved January 5, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19: Interim guidance" (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak) . World health Organization. June 5, 2020. p. 7 . Retrieved August 21, 2020 . Table 2: Examples of where the general public should be encouraged to use medical and non-medical masks in areas with known or suspected community transmission ^ (#cite_ref-bbc20200606_45-0) "Coronavirus: WHO advises to wear masks in public areas" (https://www.bbc.com/news/health-52945210) . BBC News . June 6, 2020. [...] WHO director-general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said on Friday that 'in light of evolving evidence, the WHO advises that governments should encourage the general public to wear masks where there is widespread transmission and physical distancing is difficult, such as on public transport, in shops or in other confined or crowded environments'. External links [ edit ] CDC Mask Guidance – Help Slow the Spread (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html/) NPR: 3 Tips for Safer Face Masks (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7ywjj6mJGk) (video on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) ) Mayo Clinic expert on nonmedical mask use to prevent public transmission (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaka1vqYFNs) (video on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) ) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5fd5d84b48‐l4dgx Cached time: 20240717090638 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.599 seconds Real time usage: 0.815 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3338/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 112310/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2025/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 189497/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.360/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6237018/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 720.040 1 -total 54.99% 395.917 1 Template:Reflist 16.98% 122.283 11 Template:Cite_web 15.84% 114.044 16 Template:Cite_journal 13.65% 98.280 1 Template:Short_description 9.43% 67.928 1 Template:Infobox_medical_intervention_(new) 8.56% 61.623 1 Template:Infobox 6.95% 50.077 2 Template:Pagetype 6.71% 48.350 13 Template:Cite_news 5.92% 42.657 1 Template:Cite_medRxiv Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63567907-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717090638 and revision id 1234445517. 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British fashion model Matilda Lowther Born Matilda Grace Lowther ( 1995-07-10 ) 10 July 1995 (age 28) Carlisle (/wiki/Carlisle) , England (/wiki/England) Nationality British (/wiki/British_people) Other names Tilly Lowther Relatives James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale (/wiki/James_Lowther,_7th_Earl_of_Lonsdale) (grandfather) Adwoa Aboah (/wiki/Adwoa_Aboah) (second cousin) Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) (second cousin) Modelling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Hair colour Brown Eye colour Blue Agency HEROES Model Management (New York) Marilyn Agency (/wiki/Marilyn_Agency) (Paris) Special Management (Milan) Chapter Management (London) [1] (#cite_note-1) Matilda Grace Lowther (born 10 July 1995) is a British fashion model. Early life [ edit ] Lowther is the eldest of four children of Eton (/wiki/Eton_College) -educated Hon. (/wiki/The_Honourable) James Nicholas Lowther and Vanessa, daughter of Alan Catchpole, of Broke Hall (/wiki/Broke_Hall) , Nacton, Suffolk. Her paternal grandfather was James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale (/wiki/James_Lowther,_7th_Earl_of_Lonsdale) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-CWH-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Her grandmother, Nancy Ruth Cobbs, Countess of Lonsdale, was from Pacific Palisades, California. [6] (#cite_note-6) She graduated from Queen Margaret's School, York (/wiki/Queen_Margaret%27s_School,_York) . [4] (#cite_note-CWH-4) Career [ edit ] In her debut season, Lowther opened Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) 's S/S and F/W 2014 fashion shows. [7] (#cite_note-7) She has walked for brands including Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) , The Row (/wiki/The_Row_(fashion_label)) , Rodarte (/wiki/Rodarte) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , and Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Lowther co-starred with models such as Jourdan Dunn (/wiki/Jourdan_Dunn) and Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) in a Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) campaign. [9] (#cite_note-9) Her first cover was for British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) ’s Miss Vogue (the equivalent of Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) ). [10] (#cite_note-10) She has also been on the cover of Vogue Portugal , Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) ' s magazine, [11] (#cite_note-11) and appeared in editorials for British GQ (/wiki/British_GQ) , British Vogue , Vogue Germany , Vogue Japan , Vogue China (/wiki/Vogue_China) , Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , Vogue Mexico (/wiki/Vogue_Mexico) , Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) , Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , WSJ (/wiki/WSJ) , i-D (/wiki/I-D) , W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) , and Love (/wiki/Love_(magazine)) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Matilda Lowther - Model" (https://models.com/models/matilda-lowther) . models.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 2, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 2396 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage 2019, ed. Susan Morris, Debrett's Ltd, 2020, p. 3426 ^ a b "Eden teenager turning heads at world fashion shows" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200214040552/https://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/eden-teenager-turning-heads-at-world-fashion-shows.415669.html) . Cumberland & Westmorland Herald . Archived from the original (https://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/eden-teenager-turning-heads-at-world-fashion-shows.415669.html) on 14 February 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Charlotte Wiggins and Matilda Lowther, the new model stars of London Fashion Week" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/sophie-derosée/TMG10646045/Charlotte-Wiggins-and-Matilda-Lowther-the-new-model-stars-of-London-Fashion-Week.html) . The Telegraph . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Earl of Lonsdale" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1521487/The-Earl-of-Lonsdale.html) . The Telegraph . June 17, 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Meet Matilda Lowther, The Model Taking Runways by Storm. The Burberry Model Who Grew Up Hanging Off Cliffs" (https://www.thecut.com/2017/12/meet-matilda-lowther-the-model-taking-runways-by-storm.html) . The Cut . 8 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Anatomy Of A Supermodel Clique: Meet The Coolest New Gang Of Brit Girls" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashion/sam-rollinson-matilda-lowther-jamie-campbell-bower-new-british-models-118321) . Marie Claire UK . 2 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Meet Olivier Rousteing's Brit girl Balmain army" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/24263/1/meet-olivier-rousteing-s-brit-girl-balmain-army) . Dazed . 9 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Matilda Lowther: Catwalk CV" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/matilda-lowther-model-pictures-catwalk-cv-miss-vogue) . British Vogue . 30 September 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Charlotte Wiggins and Matilda Lowther, the new model stars of London Fashion Week" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/sophie-derosée/TMG10646045/Charlotte-Wiggins-and-Matilda-Lowther-the-new-model-stars-of-London-Fashion-Week.html) . Telegraph . 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/History_of_Thai_clothing) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "History of Thai clothing" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22History+of+Thai+clothing%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22History+of+Thai+clothing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22History+of+Thai+clothing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22History+of+Thai+clothing%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22History+of+Thai+clothing%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22History+of+Thai+clothing%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Thai traditional costumes vary by city and the ruler of each historical period. [1] (#cite_note-1) Thai clothes can be classified according to six distinct periods of history; beginning with the 13th century. Previously, traditional Thai clothes were worn daily; however, they are now only worn on auspicious functions such as Thai traditional marriage ceremonies (/wiki/Thai_marriage) . Sukhothai [ edit ] See also: Sukhothai Kingdom (/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom) Sukhothai clothing style became the fashion in 13-15th century. During the period The city-state of Sukhothai (/wiki/Sukhothai_Historical_Park) was united other Tai (/wiki/Tai_peoples) city-states into one kingdom. Sukhothai Men's clothing was a simple full-sleeved top with a long V shape neck and a cloth brace on their shoulders. The loincloth was made of silk with a big metal or golden belt. Women's clothing was a long silk sarong with flowers painted on it. The top normally is a full-sleeved silk cloth. Married women wore one cloth wrapped around the breasts made of silk or other fabric. [2] (#cite_note-2) Ayutthaya [ edit ] See also: Traditional Thai clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) and Ayutthaya Kingdom (/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom) Portrait of Siamese State Officials, one of portrait paintings collection in The Portraits of Periodical Offering of Imperial Qing by Xie Sui (/wiki/Portraits_of_Periodical_Offering) , 18th century painting in the National Palace Museum (/wiki/National_Palace_Museum) , Taipei. Ayutthaya clothing was the style during the 14-18th centuries. Ayutthaya (/wiki/Ayutthaya_Historical_Park) city was the capital of Thai kingdom for 417 years, the longest period of Thailand that was ruled under one monarch. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Many styles clothing followed the period of Ayutthaya but the fashion changed frequently under the influence from various countries who come into contact and trading with the kingdom. Historically, both Thai males and females dressed themselves with a loincloth wrap called chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) . Men wore their chong kraben to cover the waist to halfway down the thigh, while women covered the waist to well below the knee. [5] (#cite_note-terwiel-5) Bare chests and bare feet were accepted as part of the Thai formal dress code, and is observed in murals, illustrated manuscripts, and early photographs up to the middle of the 19th century. [5] (#cite_note-terwiel-5) In the royal court, royalty and nobility men are wearing lomphok (/wiki/Lomphok) , a tall pointed hat (/wiki/Pointed_hat) , made of white cloth wrapped around a bamboo frame, and Khrui (/wiki/Khrui) , a light outer garment worn as a gown or robe (/wiki/Robe) in certain ceremonial settings. Traditional Thai attire has changed significantly throughout the Rattanakosin period (/wiki/Rattanakosin_period) . [ citation needed ] Thai traditional costumes in Bangkok National Museum (/wiki/Bangkok_National_Museum) A Burmese depiction of an Ayutthaya king, either depicting Uthumphon (/wiki/Uthumphon) or Ekkathat (/wiki/Ekkathat) Siam delegates in Peking (/wiki/Peking) in 1761 from the Ten Thousand Nations Coming to Pay Tribute (/wiki/Ten_Thousand_Nations_Coming_to_Pay_Tribute) monumental painting Ok-khun Chamnan (/wiki/Ok-khun_Chamnan) , a 17th-century Siamese ambassador who visited France and Rome on an embassy in 1688 The Ayutthayan official Kosa Pan (/wiki/Kosa_Pan) wearing Lomphok (/wiki/Lomphok) and Khrui (/wiki/Khrui) Kosa Pan wearing lomphok and Khrui, 1686 Claude de Forbin (/wiki/Claude_de_Forbin) wearing Ayutthayan mandarin dress The French ambassador Chevalier de Chaumont (/wiki/Chevalier_de_Chaumont) presents a letter from Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV) to King Narai (/wiki/King_Narai) , 1685 A Siamese official wearing Lomphok (/wiki/Lomphok) and Chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) , Lifestyle of Siamese people and Traditional Thai house (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_house) by Simon de La Loubère (/wiki/Simon_de_La_Loub%C3%A8re) Portrait of Siamese aristocrats from The Portraits of Periodical Offering of Imperial Qing by Xie Sui (/wiki/Portraits_of_Periodical_Offering) Thonburi [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thai_clothing&action=edit§ion=) . ( October 2017 ) Rattanakosin [ edit ] See also: Rattanakosin Kingdom (/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom) Early Rattanakosin [ edit ] Early Rattanakosin central Thais dressed as same as Ayutthaya period, however, after the Second Fall of Ayutthaya (/wiki/Burmese%E2%80%93Siamese_War_(1765%E2%80%9367)) and repeated Burmese invasions, central Thai women began cutting their hair in a crew-cut (/wiki/Crew-cut) short style, which remained the national hairstyle until the 1900s. [6] (#cite_note-6) Prior to the 20th century, the primary markers that distinguished class in Thai clothing were the use of cotton and silk cloths with printed or woven motifs, but both commoners and royals alike wore wrapped, not stitched clothing. [7] (#cite_note-mp-7) Men's clothing Binnya Sein or Chaophraya Mahayotha, the commander of Mon (/wiki/Mon_people) regiment during the reign of King Rama I (/wiki/Rama_I) in the 1800s Prince Svasti Sobhana (/wiki/Svasti_Sobhana) , the son of King Mongkut (/wiki/King_Mongkut) (Rama IV) wearing the royal costumes of the early Rattanakosin period Prince Nakkhatra Mangala (/wiki/Nakkhatra_Mangala) , was the eldest son of Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana (/wiki/Kitiyakara_Voralaksana) wearing the royal costumes of the early Rattanakosin period Photograph of the Siamese embassy to France (/wiki/France-Thailand_relations) in 1861, wearing the formal clothing of the early Rattanakosin period Prince Ammarit, the son of King Nangklao ( Rama III (/wiki/Rama_III) ), before 1870 Sri Suriyawongse (/wiki/Sri_Suriyawongse) was a Prime Minister of Southern Siam during the reign of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V), 1865 Prince Yodyingyot (/wiki/Wichaichan) , later Bowon Wichaichan with the early Rattanakosin style clothing, before 1885 Young Prince Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V) and his two younger brother in 1851 Photograph of a 19th century Siamese boatman by John Thomson (/wiki/John_Thomson_(photographer)) Thai men squat with the early Rattanakosin style clothing Women's clothing Siamese girl with the early Rattanakosin style clothing, 1921 Princess Kinnari, the 30th daughter of King Rama III (/wiki/King_Rama_III) , 1819 Queen Sunandha (/wiki/Sunanda_Kumariratana) , one of the four consorts of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) with the early Rattanakosin style clothing Tieng Rojanadis, was a consort of King Mongkut (/wiki/Mongkut) (Rama IV) Siamese peasant, 1904 Queen Debsirindra (/wiki/Debsirindra) , the second consort of King Mongkut (/wiki/Mongkut) with the early Rattanakosin style clothing, 1855 Daughters of King Rama II (/wiki/King_Rama_II) and King Rama III (/wiki/King_Rama_III) Lady Pun Bunnag, Somdet Chaophraya Borom Maha Sri Suriwongse (/wiki/Somdet_Chaophraya_Borom_Maha_Sri_Suriwongse) 's wife with the early Rattanakosin style clothing in 1866 Princess Ying Yaowalak Akkharatchasuda (1851–1886), was the daughter of King Mongkut (/wiki/Mongkut) Daughters of King Mongkut (/wiki/Mongkut) (Rama IV) with the early Rattanakosin style clothing A traditional Siamese female quartet with the early Rattanakosin style clothing Queen Savang Vadhana (/wiki/Savang_Vadhana) , a consort of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V) in 1879 Princess Nariratana (/wiki/Nariratana) , was the daughter of King Mongkut (/wiki/Mongkut) (Rama IV) Queen Somanass Waddhanawathy (/wiki/Somanass_Waddhanawathy) , a first queen of King Mongkut (/wiki/King_Mongkut) (Rama IV) Princess Thip Keson (/wiki/Thip_Keson) (or Thep Kraison), Princess of Chiang Mai (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chiang_Mai) , consort of Inthawichayanon (/wiki/Inthawichayanon) of Chiang Mai and mother of Dara Rasmi (/wiki/Dara_Rasmi) , before 1884 Princess Dara Rasmi (/wiki/Dara_Rasmi) , a princess of Chiang Mai (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chiang_Mai) wearing pha sin (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) and pha biang (/wiki/Pha_biang) at Dusit Palace (/wiki/Dusit_Palace) , 1909 Princess Lamom, was the daughter of King Nangklao ( Rama III (/wiki/Rama_III) ), before 1896 Siamese womens photo, 1890 Painting of Siamese womans wearing pha nung (/wiki/Pha_nung) and pha biang (/wiki/Pha_biang) in Wat Pho (/wiki/Wat_Pho) , Bangkok Modern Rattanakosin [ edit ] See also: Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) From the 1860s onward, Thai royals "selectively adopted Victorian corporeal and sartorial etiquette (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) to fashion modern personas that were publicized domestically and internationally by means of mechanically reproduced images." [7] (#cite_note-mp-7) Stitched clothing, including court attire and ceremonial uniforms, were invented during the reign of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) . [7] (#cite_note-mp-7) Western forms of dress became popular among urbanites in Bangkok during this time period. [7] (#cite_note-mp-7) During the early 1900s, King Vajiravudh (/wiki/Vajiravudh) launched a campaign to encourage Thai women to wear long hair instead of traditional short hair, and to wear pha sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) (ผ้าซิ่น), a tubular skirt, instead of the chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) (โจงกระเบน), a cloth wrap. [8] (#cite_note-8) Noblemen's clothing King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) wearing the raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) costume, consisting of a white Nehru-style (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) jacket (/wiki/Jacket) with five buttons and a chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) Prince Damrong Rajanubhab (/wiki/Damrong_Rajanubhab) wearing the raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) costume, 1900 King Vajiravudh (/wiki/Vajiravudh) wearing the raj pattern covered with the khrui (/wiki/Khrui) Prince Vividhavannapreecha, the 51st son of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) in 1893 Portrait of Mom Luang Pin Malakul (/wiki/Pin_Malakul) as a student at Suankularb Wittayalai School (/wiki/Suankularb_Wittayalai_School) , 1910s Noblewomen's clothing Queen consort Sukhumala Marasri (/wiki/Sukhumala_Marasri) of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V). with her mother and daughters in 1880 Queen consort Sukhumala Marasri (/wiki/Sukhumala_Marasri) and the princesses of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V), 1887 Queen Saovabha Phongsri (/wiki/Saovabha_Phongsri) , an agnatic half-sister and queen of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V), 1897 Chum Krairoek (/wiki/Chum_Krairoek) Royal Highness Consort of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V) and her daughters in 1900s Princess Puangsoi Sa-ang (/wiki/Puangsoi_Sa-ang) , was the daughter of King Mongkut (/wiki/Mongkut) (Rama IV), 1880 Princess Suddha Dibyaratana (/wiki/Suddha_Dibyaratana) or the Princess of Rattanakosin, was the daughter of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V), before 1910 Princess Saisavali Bhiromya (/wiki/Saisavali_Bhiromya) , was a princess consort of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V), 1887 Chao Chom Mom Rajawongse Sadap (1890–1983), was the noble consort of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V) Princes Mankhian, was the daughter of King Rama II (/wiki/King_Rama_II) Thai princess of the Inner Court of the Grand Palace (/wiki/Grand_Palace) , Bangkok in 1890 Daughters of King Rama V (/wiki/King_Rama_V) , 1904 Prince Dilok Noppharat and his mother, Princess Thip Keson (/wiki/Thip_Keson) of Chiang Mai (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chiang_Mai) in 1896 Prince Yugala Dighambara (/wiki/Yugala_Dighambara) and his mother, Princess Saisavali Bhiromya (/wiki/Saisavali_Bhiromya) a consort of King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V), before 1905 Bualai, was a Princess Consort of Phiriya Thepphawong of Phrae, before 1902 Princess Wiangchuen of Phrae, before 1902 Prince Mahidol Adulyadej (/wiki/Mahidol_Adulyadej) with his sister Princess Valaya Alongkorn (/wiki/Valaya_Alongkorn) and his mother, Queen Sri Savarindira (/wiki/Savang_Vadhana) (Savang Vadhana), 1925 Fascist Thailand [ edit ] Main article: Thai cultural mandates (/wiki/Thai_cultural_mandates) On 15 January 1941, Plaek Pibulsonggram (/wiki/Plaek_Pibulsonggram) issued a Thai cultural mandate (/wiki/Thai_cultural_mandates) to modernize and westernize Thai dress, by deeming long-practiced customs of wearing underpants, wearing no shirt, or wearing a wraparound cloth, as forms of inappropriate public attire. [9] (#cite_note-9) Contemporary Thai clothing [ edit ] Main article: Formal Thai national costume (/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume) The formal Thai costume, known in Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) as ชุดไทยพระราชนิยม ( RTGS (/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription) : chut thai phra ratcha niyom , literally Thai dress of royal endorsement ), includes several sets of dress, designed as the Thai national costume (/wiki/National_costume) in formal occasions. [10] (#cite_note-10) Although described and intended for use as national costume, they are of relatively modern origins, having been conceived in the second half of the 20th century. Women's clothing Princess Sirindhorn (/wiki/Sirindhorn) wearing the "Chut Thai Amarin" ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ชุดไทยอัมรินทร์ Princess Soamsavali (/wiki/Soamsavali) wearing the "Chut Thai Amarin" ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ชุดไทยอัมรินทร์ Princess Ubolratana (/wiki/Ubolratana) wearing the "Chut Thai Boromphiman" ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ชุดไทยบรมพิมาน ) Men's clothing Prem Tinsulanonda (/wiki/Prem_Tinsulanonda) , former Thai Prime Minister wearing the "chut thai phra ratcha niyom" ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ชุดไทยพระราชนิยม ) Former Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva (/wiki/Abhisit_Vejjajiva) wearing the "chut thai phra ratcha niyom" ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ชุดไทยพระราชนิยม ) Surayud Chulanont (/wiki/Surayud_Chulanont) , former Thai Prime Minister wearing the "chut thai phra ratcha niyom" ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ชุดไทยพระราชนิยม ) See also [ edit ] Traditional Thai clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Silahorm, kanokporn, kanhittha et al (2007), Thai Costume (In thai). ^ (#cite_ref-2) Chayada (2009),thaigoodview.com(In thai) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Thailand Knowledge Center (March 2012), The costume of Ayutthaya (In thai) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "History of Thai Traditional Dress" (https://dreamrentaldress.com/%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%b1%e0%b8%95%e0%b8%b4%e0%b8%8a%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%94%e0%b9%84%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%95%e0%b9%8c/) (in Thai). 2023-04-10 . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b Terwiel, Barend Jan (2007). "The Body and Sexuality in Siam: A First Exploration in Early Sources" (http://www.manusya.journals.chula.ac.th/files/essay/Terwiel_42-55.pdf) (PDF) . Manusya: Journal of Humanities . 10 (14): 42–55. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1163/26659077-01004003 (https://doi.org/10.1163%2F26659077-01004003) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jotisalikorn, Chami (2013). Thailand's Luxury Spas: Pampering Yourself in Paradise . Tuttle Publishing. p. 183. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Peleggi, Maurizio (2010). Mina Roces (ed.). The Politics of Dress in Asia and the Americas . Sussex Academic Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781845193997 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sarutta (10 September 2002). "Women's Status in Thai Society" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031113121/http://www.thaiwaysmagazine.com/thai_article/1911_thai_women_status/thai_women_status.html) . Thaiways Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.thaiwaysmagazine.com/thai_article/1911_thai_women_status/thai_women_status.html) on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 7 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) The Royal Gazette, Vol. 58, Page 113. (https://web.archive.org/web/20120609234836/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2484/A/113.PDF) January 21, B.E. (/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar) 2484 ( C.E. (/wiki/Common_Era) 1941). Retrieved on June 4, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Types of Thai Clothing - dreamrentaldress.com" (https://dreamrentaldress.com/%e0%b8%8a%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%94%e0%b9%84%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%a1%e0%b8%b5%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b5%e0%b9%88%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%9a/) (in Thai). 2023-03-13 . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . External links [ edit ] "การแต่งกายของไทย" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140427173739/http://www.postjung.com/external.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpersonal.swu.ac.th%2Fstudents%2Ffa501010137%2Findex2.htm) . Postjung.com. Archived from the original (http://www.postjung.com/external.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpersonal.swu.ac.th%2Fstudents%2Ffa501010137%2Findex2.htm) on 2014-04-27 . Retrieved 2012-07-21 . "ถ่ายภาพชุดไทย ภาพโบราณ แต่งชุดไทย ถ่ายภาพ ล้านนา ทวารวดี อยุธยา รัตนโกสินทร์" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120805092030/http://www.bangkokstudiothai.com/Templates/Thai.html) . Bangkokstudiothai.com. Archived from the original (http://www.bangkokstudiothai.com/Templates/Thai.html) on 2012-08-05 . Retrieved 2012-07-21 . teenee.com. "การแต่งกายของสตรีไทยตามประวัติศาสตร์โบราณคดีจนถึงปัจจุบัน : อาหารสมอง" (http://variety.teenee.com/foodforbrain/4888.html) . Variety.teenee.com . Retrieved 2012-07-21 . "การแต่งกายสมัยอยุธยา (พ.ศ. 1893 ถึง พ.ศ. 2310)" (http://www.baanjomyut.com/library_2/history_of_costume/02_6.html) . Baanjomyut.com . 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Fashion in Russia and the Soviet Union This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( March 2015 ) ”Two Russian Beauties” by Filipp Malyavin (/wiki/Filipp_Malyavin) (c.1905) Russian fashion is diverse and reflects contemporary fashion norms as well as the historical evolution of clothing across the Russian Federation (/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia) . Russian fashion is thought to be influenced by the state's socialist ideology (/wiki/Socialism) , the various cultures within Russia, and the cultures of surrounding regions. History of Soviet fashion [ edit ] A USSR stamp, Painting. Date of issue: 22 August 1988. Designer: A. Zharov., Michel 5861, Scott B137 10+5 K. multicoloured. "Portrait of O.K. Lansere" ( Z.E. Serebryakova (/wiki/Zinaida_Serebriakova) , 1910) The New Economic Policy (1920s) [ edit ] The New Economic Policy (/wiki/New_Economic_Policy) 's authorization of private business allowed Western fashion to enter the Soviet Union. [1] (#cite_note-1) However, Bolshevik (/wiki/Bolshevik) ideology opposed Western fashion consumption as an intrinsically capitalist practice. Western fashion emphasized both economic status and gender differences in a system that sought to deemphasize both. [2] (#cite_note-Bartlett-p13-2) In the early 1920s, Party (/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union) -sanctioned magazines like Rabotnitsa (/wiki/Rabotnitsa) ("The Working Woman") and Krest’yanka ("The Peasant Woman") offered discourse on fashion. Covers displayed women in plain work clothes, yet the magazines often contained advertisements for private companies selling stylish attire. [3] (#cite_note-3) By 1927, however, the magazines’ message was consistent: women should be judged on their capability for work, not their appearance. Fashion, as a beauty aid, was therefore considered bourgeois (/wiki/Bourgeois) and detrimental to socialist society. [4] (#cite_note-4) In its place, the state commissioned projects to engineer a new Soviet type of dress, which drew on traditional clothing, constructivist (/wiki/Constructivism_(art)) forms, and technological facilities. [2] (#cite_note-Bartlett-p13-2) Constructivists like Varvara Stepanova (/wiki/Varvara_Stepanova) and Alexander Rodchenko (/wiki/Alexander_Rodchenko) agreed that fashion driven by the market was inherently harmful. [5] (#cite_note-5) They employed the simple geometry of cubism (/wiki/Cubism) to design clothing that was functional, easily mass-produced, and sometimes unisex (/wiki/Unisex) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Due to a lack of adequate material and machinery, however, this prozodezhda , or "production clothing", did not appeal to the proletariat (/wiki/Proletariat) audience for which it was intended. [7] (#cite_note-7) Designs were only available to the most privileged members of the intelligentsia (/wiki/Intelligentsia) , who ultimately preferred Western fashion to the highly experimental prozodezhda . [8] (#cite_note-8) Further information on jewelry produced between 1922 and 1991: Soviet jewelry (/wiki/Soviet_jewelry) Stalin Era (1930s-1950s) [ edit ] During the Stalin era (/wiki/Stalin_era) , anti-fashion sentiments dissipated. Party-sanctioned magazines now promoted fashion and beauty as necessary parts of a Soviet woman's life. Rabotnitsa included fashion advice in almost every issue and regularly reported on new fashion houses opening across the Soviet Union. [9] (#cite_note-Attwood-p164-9) Krest’yanka even organized traveling shows to bring fashion to the countryside. [10] (#cite_note-10) The promoted aesthetics were highly varied, ranging from urban polish to ornate decoration. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) This new interest in fashion was connected to Joseph Stalin (/wiki/Joseph_Stalin) ’s assertion that "life has become better and more cheerful". [13] (#cite_note-Attwood-p132-13) Persistent images of plain women and quaint peasants were thought to propagate the capitalist (/wiki/Capitalist) view that socialism engenders poverty. [9] (#cite_note-Attwood-p164-9) Fashionable and beautiful clothes were a signal of culture and quality of life equal (or superior) to that under capitalism. Stakhanovites (/wiki/Stakhanovites) , as foremost examples of successful workers, were expected to adhere to particularly high standards of appearance. They were often photographed wearing fine clothing even as they went to the factory. [13] (#cite_note-Attwood-p132-13) In reality, the touted fashions were beyond most citizens’ means. Soviet industry was unable to produce fashionable clothing in significant quantity, and what did exist was not available for general sale. [14] (#cite_note-14) During World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , the Soviet fashion industry went on hiatus. [15] (#cite_note-15) If the average Soviet citizen desired a particularly stylish item of clothing, they were usually forced to commission a private tailor. [16] (#cite_note-16) Day-to-day fashion was often self-produced, and magazines consistently advised women to take a do-it-yourself (/wiki/Do_it_yourself) (DIY) approach to their appearance. [17] (#cite_note-17) Khrushchev Era (1950s-1960s) [ edit ] The Khrushchev Thaw (/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw) brought a greater representation of Western fashion to domestic media. Journalists (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) were sent abroad to report on the latest international fashion trends. [18] (#cite_note-18) However, state-owned fashion institutions and magazines moderated these trends for Soviet audiences. Fashion "crazes" were rejected in favor of classic, long-running styles. [19] (#cite_note-19) In addition, moderation and modesty were stressed. [20] (#cite_note-20) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) ’s signature style, for example, was particularly admired as a symbol of timelessness and simple sophistication. [21] (#cite_note-21) An article in the New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) from 1959 slammed Soviet fashions as unremarkable, "clumsy copies" of outdated Western forms. [22] (#cite_note-22) Availability of these styles, however, was on the rise. Shops like the newly reopened GUM department store (/wiki/GUM_(department_store)) now carried the new fashions, albeit at high prices. [23] (#cite_note-Attwood-p145-23) Where previous generations reminisced about the ‘Great Patriotic War’ and Joseph Stalin's ' red terror (/wiki/Red_terror) ', the 50s and 60s, gave rise to the ‘Sputnik generation’ and the notorious stilyagi (/wiki/Stilyagi) ( Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) : стиляги ) who championed a new, youthful wave in popular culture. [24] (#cite_note-:1-24) In the Mid-1950s, the Soviet government enacted an anti-stilyagi campaign through "public censure, humiliation and shame" for being influenced by and promoting excessively Western fashion norms. [24] (#cite_note-:1-24) In previous generations, fashion had not been a focal point for Soviet ideologists and was often viewed as an "anomaly in socialism" by these circles. [25] (#cite_note-:2-25) However, at the turn of the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) , during the Khrushchev Thaw (/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw) , authorities became aware of fashion as a ‘natural force’ in society; particularly as more women became interested in dressing well. [26] (#cite_note-26) Therefore, fashion became an avenue through which the Soviet government would, primarily, seek to rebuild a war-torn nation and revitalise the efforts of promoting pro-Party sentiment. [27] (#cite_note-Tsipursky_2018_13-27) The symbol of the post-War "New Soviet People" would thus emerge, wherein trendy youths would help construct the modernist image of a new communist utopia [27] (#cite_note-Tsipursky_2018_13-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) and subsequently help fight counterculture movements like the stilyagi from the pop-cultural front. The institution of fashion in the Khrushchev Era was characterised by a system of state-financed Parallel Organisations. [29] (#cite_note-29) There are indications that Khrushchev, while still opposing the excessive nature of art and architecture in Western culture, was lenient in his judgement towards fashion and the clothing industry. [30] (#cite_note-:0-30) In 1964, Khrushchev oversaw the Fourth Session of the Supreme Council of the USSR that promoted measures towards The Communist Party Program in the field of Raising the People’s Prosperity . [30] (#cite_note-:0-30) He declared: Working people want to acquire clothes and shoes that have an up-to-date style and beautiful color and that correspond to the season and to fashion. This is a good thing. But the Third Party Program to which he referred (adopted at the Twenty-Second Party Congress in 1961), and which promised the arrival of full communism in the 1980s, made no mention of the notion of fashion. As for clothing consumption, it was only meant to satisfy the "rational needs of reasonable people". [31] (#cite_note-31) From the early 1960s to the late 1980s, the USSR would develop the largest system of fashion design and marketing in the Socialist World; with 30 regional fashion houses employing over 2802 designers. [25] (#cite_note-:2-25) The state's new approach towards fashion was carefully calculated. The promotion of exorbitant fashion that occurred in the Stalin era, and the contrast to actual availability, had led to public resentment. In the Khrushchev era (/wiki/Khrushchev_era) , the state-owned clothing industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) was still unable to produce mass amounts of fashionable clothing. [32] (#cite_note-32) However, simplified fashions, rejection of excess, and high prices gave the industry a measure of control over consumer demand. [23] (#cite_note-Attwood-p145-23) By the early 1960s, the middle class' standards of appearance had risen such that Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) street fashion was nearly indistinguishable from that in a Western city. [33] (#cite_note-33) At the same time, counterculture (/wiki/Counterculture) fashion movements grew among elite youths. The stilyagi (/wiki/Stilyagi) , or "style hunters", originally based their look on media portrayals of Western (especially American) fashions. Men wore items such as Hawaiian shirts (/wiki/Hawaiian_shirts) , sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) , narrow slacks, and pointed shoes, while female stilyagi wore miniskirts (/wiki/Miniskirts) and maintained a childlike demeanor. These styles were labeled as "excessive", and Komsomol (/wiki/Komsomol) groups would sometimes raid stilyagi hideouts and cut off their hair and pant legs. [34] (#cite_note-34) To some historians, the Khrushchev era, thus, represented an ideological shift largely promoted by international contacts through commodity exchange; [35] (#cite_note-35) signifying the new current of Western values, at least, in relations to cultural expression. However, these views are controversial with some scholars taking aim at the growth of collective surveillance from the Soviet government and the emergence of ‘volunteer policing’ that increased the "prevalence of social control at the daily level under Khrushchev". [24] (#cite_note-:1-24) Brezhnev Era (1970s-1980s) [ edit ] By the end of the 1960s, Soviet fashion institutions, like the centralized fashion bureau ODMO (All-Union House of Prototypes), were embracing increasingly novel Western trends. [36] (#cite_note-36) At the same time, there was still a need to establish distinctively Soviet fashions. "Space fashion," for example, fit directly into state ideology by glorifying a triumph of Soviet science (/wiki/Soviet_science) . [37] (#cite_note-37) Reality, however, differed from ODMO's designs. Soviet industry could not keep up with the demand for fashionable goods, and supply in USSR shops was worse than in other socialist countries. [38] (#cite_note-38) The public was also dissatisfied with the available items. For example, Soviet women so disliked promoted designs involving Russian ethnic prints (/wiki/Textile_printing) that the style ultimately became more popular in the West than in the Soviet Union itself. [39] (#cite_note-39) The middle class increasingly idealized Western fashion, as it was visible but not easily obtainable. [40] (#cite_note-40) American-made blue jeans (/wiki/Jeans) were an especially desirable item. [41] (#cite_note-41) Secondhand stores (/wiki/Second-hand_shop) were one source of Western fashion, as visitors from the West could import goods and sell them for high profits. The retail chain Beriozka (/wiki/Beriozka) also sold some Western clothing, but only to the privileged few who could pay in hard currency or foreign exchange certificates. Foreign exchange certificates and Western clothing were also available on the black market (/wiki/Black_market) . [42] (#cite_note-42) Gorbachev Era (1980s) [ edit ] Under perestroika (/wiki/Perestroika) , varied fashion became acceptable. In 1987, Gorbachev (/wiki/Gorbachev) allowed a Russian edition of Burda Fashion (/wiki/Burda_Style) magazine to be produced and distributed. [43] (#cite_note-43) The next year, Zhurnal mod (/w/index.php?title=Zhurnal_mod&action=edit&redlink=1) began a new run as the first "proper" fashion magazine in the Soviet Union. In content, it was virtually indistinguishable from a Western fashion magazine, although ODMO provided all the styles. [44] (#cite_note-44) When the nineteenth party conference met in the summer of 1989, they passed a resolution to increase the production of consumer goods. Fashionable clothes were mentioned specifically in the proceedings. [45] (#cite_note-45) Despite advocates for fashion at the highest level of bureaucracy, real changes in production failed to take place. The Ministry of Light Industries set quotas for the creation of new products, but textile factories recycled older patterns and products instead. [46] (#cite_note-46) Meanwhile, relaxation of censorship under glasnost (/wiki/Glasnost) made the middle class even more aware of their Western counterparts. They felt that they deserved fashionable clothing as a status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) , but still could not easily obtain it. [47] (#cite_note-47) One of the brightest representatives of this era is a Russian designer Vyacheslav (Slava) Zaitsev (/wiki/Vyacheslav_Zaitsev) . In this era, Russian media in the field of fashion and culture were born, for example, the Magazine "Krestyanka" and others. Modern era (1990s-2010s) [ edit ] The collapse of the USSR (/wiki/Collapse_of_the_USSR) in 1991 resulted in the flooding of the consumer market with imported American and European designer clothing, especially blue jeans (/wiki/Blue_jeans) . [48] (#cite_note-48) Neon colors such as hot pink (/wiki/Hot_pink) , orange, turquoise (/wiki/Turquoise_(color)) or electric blue, acid wash (/wiki/Acid_wash) denim, rhinestone (/wiki/Rhinestone) or sequin (/wiki/Sequin) dresses, black leather jackets (/wiki/Leather_jacket) , and geometric printed clothing featuring triangles, zigzags (/wiki/Zigzag) , lozenges (/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)) and lightning bolts (/wiki/Lightning_strike) were particularly popular in Yeltsin (/wiki/Yeltsin) 's Russia during the early to mid 1990s (/wiki/1990s_in_Russian_fashion) . [49] (#cite_note-49) Skater fashion (/wiki/Skater_subculture) was particularly popular among teenagers in many former Warsaw Pact (/wiki/Warsaw_Pact) countries. [50] (#cite_note-50) Russian fashion during the 2000s and 2010s generally followed Western trends, with slim fitting grey or navy blue (/wiki/Navy_blue) suits being particularly popular among professional men. At the same time, however, some traditional accessories such as the ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) or astrakhan cap (/wiki/Astrakhan_cap) made a comeback as part of a backlash against the West, due to many Russians rediscovering their national pride. [51] (#cite_note-51) Modern fashion could not do without the support of Russian fashion media: Fashion Collection, FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) Russia, InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) Russia, Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Russia, Melon Rich, Moda.ru, La Boheme Magazine (/wiki/La_Boheme_Magazine) and many others. Historiography [ edit ] Djurdja Bartlett highlights the difference between the production and consumption of fashion in the USSR (including satellite states such as Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Poland and Yugoslavia) and argued that production through Soviet-style five year plans slowed the development of fashion initially, when comparing these instances with the capitalist West. [52] (#cite_note-52) However, she makes clear that this changed during the post-war period when counter-culture movements began idolising "self-expression by means of clothing". [53] (#cite_note-53) Olga Gurova discussed for the post-War and Khrushchev period how rather than producing new clothes, citizens would re-use old and worn-out clothes from the post-War period "when eagerness to acquire new fashion prevailed". [54] (#cite_note-54) Larissa Zakharova addressed this fact too and stated this individualistic element of ‘DIY-ing’ clothes was symbolic of Western fashion influence. Zakharova also argued that aside from the individual production of clothes, the fashion industry operated as an arm of state apparatus influenced by Soviet policy and ideology. Both of these modes existing in conjunction demonstrate the "various contradictions" of the Thaw era. [55] (#cite_note-55) In her paper ‘Dior in Moscow’, Zakharova further addresses how the Khrushchev administration tried to bolster the fashion culture in the Soviet Union by providing luxurious items inspired by the haute-couture fashion houses of the West but, at the same time, using this as precedence to secure a tighter grip over Soviet fashion houses. [56] (#cite_note-56) Historians Mila Oiva, Anna Ivanova and Elena Huber placed women at the forefront of shifting fashion trends. [57] (#cite_note-Binder-57) How socialist fashion moved from abject functionality ( funktsional’nost ) to a desire for stylish items that coincided with the Western ‘haute-couture’ fashion houses largely has to do with the reimagination of the Soviet working woman as a woman that dresses "well and elegantly". [57] (#cite_note-Binder-57) See also [ edit ] Deconstruction (fashion) (/wiki/Deconstruction_(fashion)) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Astrakhan cap (/wiki/Astrakhan_cap) Lenin hat (/wiki/Lenin_hat) Stilyagi (/wiki/Stilyagi) 1950s in Russian fashion (/wiki/1950s_in_Russian_fashion) 1960s in Russian fashion (/wiki/1960s_in_Russian_fashion) 1970s in Russian fashion (/wiki/1970s_in_Russian_fashion) 1990s in Russian fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_Russian_fashion) 2010s in Russian fashion (/wiki/2010s_in_Russian_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Djurdja Bartlett, FashionEast: The Spectre That Haunted Socialism (Cambridge: MIT Press (/wiki/MIT_Press) , 2010), 28. ^ a b Bartlett, FashionEast , 13. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Lynne Attwood, Creating the New Soviet Woman (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), 67. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 68. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bartlett, FashionEast , 24. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bartlett, FashionEast , 15. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Bartlett, FashionEast , 22. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bartlett, FashionEast , 26. ^ a b Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 164. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 133. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bartlett, FashionEast , 72. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Bartlett, FashionEast , 64-65. ^ a b Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 132. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 134. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Bartlett, FashionEast , 82. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 135. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Bartlett, FashionEast , 244. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Bartlett, FashionEast , 141. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Bartlett, FashionEast , 174. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Olga Vainshtein, "Female Fashion, Soviet Style: Bodies of Ideology" in Russia—Women—Culture , ed. Helena Goscilo and Beth Holmgren (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996), 70. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Bartlett, FashionEast , 248. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Bartlett, FashionEast , 139. ^ a b Bartlett, FashionEast , 145. ^ a b c Tsipursky, "Fighting Western Fashion", 19. ^ a b Gronow, Jukka; Zhuravlev, Sergey (2015), "The Early Years of the Moscow, All-Union Fashion House", Fashion Meets Socialism , Fashion industry in the Soviet Union after the Second World War, vol. 20, Finnish Literature Society, pp. 78–91, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789522226655 , JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) j.ctvggx2cr.7 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvggx2cr.7) ^ (#cite_ref-26) Zhuravlev, Gronow. Fashion Meets Socialism: Fashion Industry in the Soviet Union after the Second World War . p. 126. ^ a b Tsipursky (2018). Fighting Western Fashion . p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Crane, Diana (2000). Fashion and Its Social Agendas . University of Chicago Press. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.7208/chicago/9780226924830.001.0001 (https://doi.org/10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226924830.001.0001) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780226117997 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Stecker, Pamela (1996), "The nature of Clothing and Fashion", The Fashion Design Manual , Macmillan Education UK, pp. 35–40, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/978-1-349-15162-2_3 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-15162-2_3) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781349151646 ^ a b Zakharova, Larissa (2010). Dior in Moscow: a Taste for Luxury in Soviet Fashion under Khrushchev . Northwestern University Press. p. 97. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Cubbin, Tom (2016). "Dekorativnoe Iskusstvo SSSR (Decorative Arts in the USSR) (1957–93)". The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Design : 351–352. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5040/9781472596178-bed-d031 (https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781472596178-bed-d031) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781472596178 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Bartlett, FashionEast , 150. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Bartlett, FashionEast , 184. ^ (#cite_ref-34) Christoph Neidhart, Russia’s Carnival: The Smells, Sights, and Sounds of Transition (Lanham, Maryland: Rowmand and Littlefield, 2003), 49. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Gurova, Olga (1 January 2016), "3 Ideology of Consumption in the Soviet Union", Communism and Consumerism , BRILL, pp. 68–84, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1163/9789004303973_004 (https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004303973_004) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789004303973 ^ (#cite_ref-36) Bartlett, FashionEast , 213. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Bartlett, FashionEast , 214. ^ (#cite_ref-38) Bartlett, FashionEast , 216. ^ (#cite_ref-39) Bartlett, FashionEast , 230. ^ (#cite_ref-40) Vainshtein, "Female Fashion," 73. ^ (#cite_ref-41) Neidhart, Russia's Carnival , 50. ^ (#cite_ref-42) Bartlett, FashionEast , 267. ^ (#cite_ref-43) Neidhart, Russia's Carnival , 48. ^ (#cite_ref-44) Bartlett, FashionEast , 236. ^ (#cite_ref-45) Neidhart, Russia's Carnival , 44. ^ (#cite_ref-46) Bartlett, FashionEast , 223. ^ (#cite_ref-47) Bartlett, FashionEast , 240. ^ (#cite_ref-48) Menzel, Rebecca (2004). Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose (in German). Ch. Links Verlag. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-86153-335-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "1990s Russian fashion" (http://rbth.com/arts/2014/04/08/getting_it_right_and_getting_it_wrong_the_heady_style_of_the_heady_1990s_35759.html) . 8 April 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071139/https://www.rbth.com/arts/2014/04/08/getting_it_right_and_getting_it_wrong_the_heady_style_of_the_heady_1990s_35759.html) from the original on 28 August 2018 . Retrieved 8 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Raspopina, Sasha. "Soviet skaters" (http://calvertjournal.com/articles/show/7882/skateboarding-ussr-soviet-skating) . The Calvert Journal . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170809041408/http://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/7882/skateboarding-ussr-soviet-skating) from the original on 9 August 2017 . Retrieved 8 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Russian hats" (http://rbth.com/arts/2014/01/28/russian_winter_hats_ushanka_kubanka_petushok_33635.html) . 28 January 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161225145231/http://rbth.com/arts/2014/01/28/russian_winter_hats_ushanka_kubanka_petushok_33635.html) from the original on 25 December 2016 . Retrieved 8 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Bartlett (2010). FashionEast: The Spectre That Haunted Socialism . p. 32. ^ (#cite_ref-53) Binder, Eva (22 March 2018). "Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture in the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1985". Zeitschrift für Slawistik . 63 (1): 183–187. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1515/slaw-2018-0011 (https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fslaw-2018-0011) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2196-7016 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2196-7016) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 67827296 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:67827296) . ^ (#cite_ref-54) Binder (26 October 2013). "Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture in the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1985" (http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/tagungsberichte/id=5185&view=pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Binder. "Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture in the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1985" (http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/tagungsberichte/id=5185&view=pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Zakharova, Larissa (2010), "Dior in Moscow", Pleasures in Socialism , Northwestern University Press, pp. 95–119, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/j.ctv43vtgm.7 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv43vtgm.7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810164741 ^ a b Binder. "Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture…" (http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/tagungsberichte/id=5185&view=pdf) . 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Ancient type of rustic footwear For the genus of moth formerly known by this name, see Dichomeris (/wiki/Dichomeris) . Ernest Hebert (/wiki/Ernest_Hebert) 's 1855 The Girls of Alvito (/wiki/Alvito,_Lazio) in the Papal States (/wiki/Papal_States) , wearing carbatinae with footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) A Casertan woman circa 1860 wearing carbatina and traditional Campanian clothing The carbatina ( pl. (/wiki/Plural_(grammar)) carbatinae ) was a kind of shoe (/wiki/Shoe) common among the rural poor of ancient Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) and Rome (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) from remote antiquity (/wiki/Prehistory) to around the 3rd century, consisting of a piece of rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(material)) pulled around the foot and then tied down to hold it in place. Having no upper (/wiki/Upper_(shoe)) or separate sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) , the carbatina is among the simplest forms of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) in the world and is sometimes used as a general name for similar footwear in other cultures. Name [ edit ] An 1884 depiction of carbatinae [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich1884118-1) Latin (/wiki/Latin_language) carbatina (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carbatina) was a transcription of Greek (/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language) karbatínē ( καρβατίνη ), probably cognate with kárphō ( κἁρφω ) and originally meaning something like "made of dried skin (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) " or " hide (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) ". [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurser1890361-2) Rather than referring to all leather (/wiki/Leather) shoes, however, use seems to be entirely restricted to simple forms of shoes worn by the rural poor or to footwear hastily assembled from limited materials. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurser1890361-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrafton199465-3) It is used in Aristotle (/wiki/Aristotle) for a similarly basic covering used to protect the feet of camels (/wiki/Camel) [4] (#cite_note-4) and in Philo (/wiki/Philo) for a thick leather tarp used as protection by attackers during sieges (/wiki/Siege) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurser1890362-6) Design [ edit ] The carbatinae recovered from the bog body (/wiki/Bog_body) now known as Damendorf Man (/wiki/Damendorf_Man) ( c. 300 BC ) The usual Greek carbatina was a single piece of rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(material)) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurser1890361-2) with the outer edge cut into thongs or having holes for thongs to be inserted. It was worn by stepping onto the open hide, pulling the sides up over the foot, and tying the thongs together to secure it. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck1897227-7) Carbatinae are sometimes mistakenly said to resemble modern ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) or moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) , [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson_&_al.197559-8) [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeMello200970-9) although this is only true in the sense of using having a simple and most unpadded sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) . Because of the simple sole, by the medieval period, carbatina-style shoes were typically worn with some form of footwrap (/wiki/Footwrap) , sock (/wiki/Sock) , or other padding. Simple, cheap, and requiring frequent replacement, carbatinae were seldom decorated, although one studded with openwork (/wiki/Openwork) was recovered at Praetorium Agrippinae (/wiki/Praetorium_Agrippinae) in the modern Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDierendonck_&_al.1993238-10) and the thongs themselves could sometimes be created and interlaced in intricate ways similar to openwork. Some authors include with the carbatinae proper leather forms or slightly more complex designs where the rawhide was raised and stitched together along one side to create a heel and provide a better fit [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDierendonck_&_al.1993238-10) or where the hide over the toes was stitched to strengthen it for longer use. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson_&_al.197559-8) History [ edit ] Adrien Guignet (/wiki/Adrien_Guignet) 's c. 1843 Scene from the Retreat of the Ten Thousand (/wiki/Ten_Thousand) , showing the 401 BC Battle of Cunaxa (/wiki/Battle_of_Cunaxa) Carbatinae were worn in antiquity by the people of the Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) , Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) , and Roman Italy (/wiki/Roman_Italy) . Easily made without special tools or training, they were the emergency footwear used by the Ten Thousand (/wiki/Ten_Thousand) mercenaries (/wiki/Mercenaries) during their retreat back to Greece after the execution of their leaders by the satrap (/wiki/Satrap) Tissaphernes (/wiki/Tissaphernes) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPurser1890361-2) By the time of the Roman Empire (/wiki/Roman_Empire) , use was generally restricted to the rural poor [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich1884118-1) although they remained a step up from going barefoot (/wiki/Barefoot) , which by then was a mark of extreme poverty or slavery (/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Rome) . [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeMello200970-9) Carbatinae were seldom used even by poor Romans by the 3rd century, [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowell200545-11) by then having been replaced by shoes (/wiki/Calceus) , slippers (/wiki/Soccus) , boots (/wiki/Caliga) , and other footwear. However, equivalent shoes continued to be worn by the ancient Germans (/wiki/Ancient_Germans) , by the subjects of their successor states (/wiki/Barbarian_invasion) , and by the rural poor generally into the Middle Ages (/wiki/Middle_Ages) and Early Modern Period (/wiki/Early_Modern_Period) . See also [ edit ] Clothing in ancient Greece (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece) and Rome (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) History of footwear (/wiki/History_of_footwear) and shoes (/wiki/History_of_shoes) Calceus (/wiki/Calceus) , Caliga (/wiki/Caliga) , and Soccus (/wiki/Soccus) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocia) Pampootie (/wiki/Pampootie) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ a b Rich (1884) (#CITEREFRich1884) , p. 118. ^ a b c d Purser (1890) (#CITEREFPurser1890) , p. 361. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrafton199465_3-0) Grafton (1994) (#CITEREFGrafton1994) , p. 65. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Aristotle (/wiki/Aristotle) , Inquiries Concerning Animals (/wiki/History_of_Animals) , Book II, Part i, §27 (http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.2.ii.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Philo (/wiki/Philo_of_Byzantium) , Syntaxis , On Siegecraft. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPurser1890362_6-0) Purser (1890) (#CITEREFPurser1890) , p. 362. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck1897227_7-0) Peck (1897) (#CITEREFPeck1897) , p. 227. ^ a b Robertson & al. (1975) (#CITEREFRobertson_&_al.1975) , p. 59. ^ a b DeMello (2009) (#CITEREFDeMello2009) , p. 70. ^ a b Dierendonck & al. (1993) (#CITEREFDierendonck_&_al.1993) , p. 238. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowell200545_11-0) Howell (2005) (#CITEREFHowell2005) , p. 45. Bibliography [ edit ] DeMello, Margo (2009), Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia , ABC-CLIO, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-35715-2 . Dierendonck, R. M. van; et al. (1993), The Valkenburg Excavations 1985–1988: Introduction and Detail Studies , ROB, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-73104-14-3 . Grafton, Anthony (1994), Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450–1800 , Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts) : Harvard University Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-674-19545-5 . Howell, Isca (2005), Prehistoric Landscape to Roman Villa: Excavations at Beddington, Surrey, 1981–7 , Museum of London Archaeology Service, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-901992-56-4 . Peck, Harry Thurston (1897), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities , New York: Harper & Brothers, p. 277 . Purser, Louis Claude (/wiki/Louis_Claude_Purser) (1890), "Carbatina" (https://books.google.com/books?id=7h1XAAAAMAAJ&q=carbatina&pg=PA361) , A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities , London: John Murray (/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)) , pp. 361–362 . Rich, Anthony (1884), A Dictionary of Roman and Greek Antiquities with Nearly 200 Engravings on Wood , London: Longmans . Robertson, Anne S.; et al. (1975), Bar Hill: A Roman Fort and Its Finds , British Archaeological Reports, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-904531-18-3 . v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots (/wiki/Ammunition_boot) Bunny boots (/wiki/Bunny_boots) Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) Jackboots (/wiki/Jackboot) 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Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Cross country running shoes (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) Football boots (/wiki/Football_boot) Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) Kung fu shoes (/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe) Minimalist shoes (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Motorcycle boots (/wiki/Motorcycle_boot) Mountaineering boots (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) Plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)) Racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flat) Racing shoes (/wiki/Racing_shoes) Riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) Roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) Sabatons (/wiki/Sabaton) Safari boots (/wiki/Safari_boot) Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boot) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneaker) Swimfins (/wiki/Swimfin) Water shoes (/wiki/Water_shoe) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Folk footwear 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(Redirected from StormFlower (/w/index.php?title=StormFlower&redirect=no) ) English singer and television personality (born 1983) "Cheryl Cole" redirects here. For the American politician, see Sheryl Cole (/wiki/Sheryl_Cole) . For other people with the same first name, see Cheryl (/wiki/Cheryl) . Cheryl Cheryl at the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/2014_Cannes_Film_Festival) , May 2014 Born Cheryl Ann Tweedy ( 1983-06-30 ) 30 June 1983 (age 41) Newcastle upon Tyne (/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne) , England Other names Cheryl Cole Cheryl Fernandez-Versini Occupations Singer television personality Years active 2002–present Works Solo discography (/wiki/Cheryl_discography) and songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Cheryl) Girls Aloud discography (/wiki/Girls_Aloud_discography) and songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Girls_Aloud) videography (/wiki/Cheryl_videography) Television Popstars: The Rivals (/wiki/Popstars:_The_Rivals) The X Factor (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_TV_series)) The Greatest Dancer (/wiki/The_Greatest_Dancer) Spouses Ashley Cole (/wiki/Ashley_Cole) ( m. 2006; div. 2010) Jean-Bernard Fernandez-Versini ( m. 2014; div. 2016) Partner Liam Payne (/wiki/Liam_Payne) (2016–2018) Children 1 Musical career Genres Pop (/wiki/Pop_music) dance-pop (/wiki/Dance-pop) R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) Instrument(s) Vocals Labels Polydor (/wiki/Polydor_Records) Fascination (/wiki/Fascination_Records) 3 Beat (/wiki/3_Beat_Records) Website cherylofficial (http://cherylofficial.com) .com (http://cherylofficial.com) Cheryl Ann Tweedy [1] (#cite_note-1) (born 30 June 1983) is an English singer and television personality. She rose to fame as a member of Girls Aloud (/wiki/Girls_Aloud) , a pop (/wiki/Pop_music) girl group (/wiki/Girl_group) created through ITV (/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)) 's reality competition show Popstars: The Rivals (/wiki/Popstars:_The_Rivals) in 2002. Named the United Kingdom's best-selling girl group of the 21st century in 2012, Girls Aloud amassed a string of 20 consecutive UK top ten singles (including four number ones), two UK number one albums, five consecutive platinum-selling studio albums, and five Brit Award (/wiki/Brit_Award) nominations, winning Best Single for " The Promise (/wiki/The_Promise_(Girls_Aloud_song)) " in 2009. The group went on an indefinite hiatus in 2013, before reuniting for a tour in 2024. While still in Girls Aloud, Cheryl began a solo career in April 2009, and between then and 2014, she released four studio albums – 3 Words (/wiki/3_Words) (2009), Messy Little Raindrops (/wiki/Messy_Little_Raindrops) (2010), A Million Lights (/wiki/A_Million_Lights) (2012) and Only Human (/wiki/Only_Human_(Cheryl_album)) (2014). Collectively, the albums spawned ten singles (/wiki/Cheryl_discography#As_lead_artist) , five of which – " Fight for This Love (/wiki/Fight_for_This_Love) ", " Promise This (/wiki/Promise_This) ", " Call My Name (/wiki/Call_My_Name_(Cheryl_song)) ", " Crazy Stupid Love (/wiki/Crazy_Stupid_Love_(song)) " and " I Don't Care (/wiki/I_Don%27t_Care_(Cheryl_song)) " – reached the top position (/wiki/Lists_of_UK_Singles_Chart_number_ones) on the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) . Cheryl was the first British female solo artist to have five number-one singles in the UK, and she held the record until Jess Glynne (/wiki/Jess_Glynne) overtook her in 2018. Cheryl became a judge on the UK show (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_TV_series)) of the television talent show The X Factor (/wiki/The_X_Factor) in 2008. She mentored two of the eventual winners of the competition ( Alexandra Burke (/wiki/Alexandra_Burke) in series five (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_5)) and Joe McElderry (/wiki/Joe_McElderry) in series six (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_6)) ), before resigning in 2011 after series seven (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_7)) and joining the panel of the US version of the series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(American_TV_series)) , which she left during the auditions stage. She returned to judge series eleven (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_11)) and twelve (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_12)) of the UK series in 2014 and 2015. Cheryl next served as a judge on the television dance competition The Greatest Dancer (/wiki/The_Greatest_Dancer) from 2019 to 2020, and made her stage debut in the West End (/wiki/West_End_theatre) play 2:22 A Ghost Story (/wiki/2:22_A_Ghost_Story) in 2023. Cheryl has become a recognised and photographed style icon, being referred to as a "fashionista" by the press. She has been photographed for the covers of British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and fronted cosmetic company L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) from 2009 to 2018. Early life Cheryl Ann Tweedy [2] (#cite_note-2) was born in Newcastle upon Tyne (/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne) on 30 June 1983, [3] (#cite_note-3) and grew up on council estates (/wiki/Council_estate) in the suburbs of Walker (/wiki/Walker,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne) [4] (#cite_note-4) and Heaton (/wiki/Heaton,_Newcastle) . She is the fourth of five children of Joan Callaghan, [5] (#cite_note-5) and the first of her two children with Garry Tweedy following the collapse of her marriage to the father of her three other children. Cheryl's parents were together for more than a decade but never married; they separated when she was 11 years old. [6] (#cite_note-6) At the age of seven, Cheryl appeared in a television advertisement for British Gas (/wiki/British_Gas) . [7] (#cite_note-spotlight-7) Interested in dancing from an early age, she began sequence dancing (/wiki/Sequence_dancing) at the age of four, [8] (#cite_note-8) and participated in a short summer holiday course at the Royal Ballet School (/wiki/Royal_Ballet_School) 's Summer School at the age of nine. [9] (#cite_note-9) She occasionally appeared doing dance recitals on different television shows in the UK, such as Gimme 5 (/wiki/Gimme_5) , in 1993. [10] (#cite_note-chronicle-10) Career 2002–2009: Popstars: The Rivals and Girls Aloud See also: Popstars: The Rivals (/wiki/Popstars:_The_Rivals) and Girls Aloud (/wiki/Girls_Aloud) Cheryl (far right) with Girls Aloud (/wiki/Girls_Aloud) performing at the Capital Radio Help a London Child fundraiser, 2005 Cheryl auditioned for the reality television show Popstars: The Rivals (/wiki/Popstars:_The_Rivals) in 2002, which aimed to create a boy band (/wiki/Boy_band) and a girl group (/wiki/Girl_group) to compete for the Christmas number one (/wiki/Lists_of_UK_number_one_singles) spot on the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) . She sang " Have You Ever (/wiki/Have_You_Ever_(S_Club_7_song)) " in her audition, [11] (#cite_note-EDay-11) and was one of twenty contestants (ten girls and ten boys) chosen as finalists by judges Pete Waterman (/wiki/Pete_Waterman) , Louis Walsh (/wiki/Louis_Walsh) and Geri Halliwell (/wiki/Geri_Halliwell) . The finalists performed live on Saturday evenings, with one gender performing each week, and each week the contestant polling the fewest phone votes was eliminated, until the final line-ups of the five-piece groups emerged. Cheryl was in danger of elimination twice, surviving over Emma Beard (/wiki/Clea_(band)) [12] (#cite_note-12) and Aimee Kearsley [13] (#cite_note-13) in consecutive performing weeks. On 30 November 2002, she was the first contestant to qualify for the girl group, and was joined by Nadine Coyle (/wiki/Nadine_Coyle) , Sarah Harding (/wiki/Sarah_Harding) , Nicola Roberts (/wiki/Nicola_Roberts) and Kimberley Walsh (/wiki/Kimberley_Walsh) to form Girls Aloud (/wiki/Girls_Aloud) , following the final public vote. [14] (#cite_note-popstars-14) The group's debut single " Sound of the Underground (/wiki/Sound_of_the_Underground_(song)) " peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the 2002 Christmas number one over boy band One True Voice (/wiki/One_True_Voice) 's " Sacred Trust / After You're Gone (/wiki/Sacred_Trust_/_After_You%27re_Gone) ". [15] (#cite_note-15) Girls Aloud hold the record for the shortest time between being formed as a band and achieving a number one single. [16] (#cite_note-16) Girls Aloud released their debut album Sound of the Underground (/wiki/Sound_of_the_Underground_(album)) in May 2003, [17] (#cite_note-17) which entered the charts at number two and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry) (BPI) later the same year. Their singles " I'll Stand by You (/wiki/I%27ll_Stand_by_You#Girls_Aloud_version) ", " Walk This Way (/wiki/Walk_This_Way#Sugababes_vs._Girls_Aloud_version) ", and " The Promise (/wiki/The_Promise_(Girls_Aloud_song)) " charted at number one. Two of their albums reached the top of the UK Albums Chart (/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart) : their greatest hits album (/wiki/Greatest_hits_album) The Sound of Girls Aloud (/wiki/The_Sound_of_Girls_Aloud) and 2008's Out of Control (/wiki/Out_of_Control_(Girls_Aloud_album)) , both of which entered the chart at number one, with over one million copies of the former being sold. [18] (#cite_note-18) They also achieved seven certified albums and were nominated for five Brit Awards (/wiki/Brit_Awards) , winning the 2009 Best Single for "The Promise". [19] (#cite_note-bestsingle-19) The group's musical style was pop, but throughout their career they experimented with electropop (/wiki/Electropop) and dance-pop (/wiki/Dance-pop) . Girls Aloud's collaborations with Brian Higgins (/wiki/Brian_Higgins_(producer)) and his songwriting and production team Xenomania (/wiki/Xenomania) earned the group critical acclaim, [20] (#cite_note-20) due to an innovative approach to mainstream pop music. The group amassed a fortune of £ (/wiki/%C2%A3) 30 million by May 2010. Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) listed them as "Most Successful Reality TV Group" in the 2007 edition. They also held the record for "Most Consecutive Top Ten Entries in the UK by a Female Group" in the 2008 edition, and were credited again for "Most Successful Reality TV Group" in the 2011 edition. The group was also named the United Kingdom's biggest selling girl group of the 21st century, with over 4.3 million singles sales and 4 million albums sold in the UK alone. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-sales-22) Girls Aloud took a hiatus (/wiki/Recess_(break)) in 2009 in the pursuit of solo projects, saying they would reunite for a new studio album in 2010, [23] (#cite_note-23) but this did not materialise. 2008–2011: Television ventures, 3 Words and Messy Little Raindrops Cheryl during a live performance at Battle Abbey (/wiki/Battle_Abbey) in Hastings (/wiki/Hastings) , August 2008 In 2008, Cheryl replaced Sharon Osbourne (/wiki/Sharon_Osbourne) as a judge for the fifth series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_5)) of The X Factor UK alongside creator Simon Cowell (/wiki/Simon_Cowell) , Dannii Minogue (/wiki/Dannii_Minogue) and Louis Walsh. She was given the girls category (made up of female solo contestants aged 16 to 24) and subsequently became the winning judge and mentor when Alexandra Burke (/wiki/Alexandra_Burke) was crowned the winner of series five on 13 December. [24] (#cite_note-24) She returned for the sixth series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_6)) in 2009 and was given the boys category (made up of male solo contestants aged 16 to 24). [25] (#cite_note-25) She was the winning judge for a second consecutive year when Joe McElderry (/wiki/Joe_McElderry) won on 13 December. [26] (#cite_note-26) Cowell referred to her as "one of the best I've ever worked with." [27] (#cite_note-27) Cheryl returned for the seventh series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_7)) in 2010 and mentored the girls category again. [28] (#cite_note-28) This was the first series in which she was not the winning mentor, when Rebecca Ferguson (/wiki/Rebecca_Ferguson_(singer)) finished as runner-up to Matt Cardle (/wiki/Matt_Cardle) , who was mentored by Minogue. [29] (#cite_note-29) In 2011, Cheryl joined Cowell, L.A. Reid (/wiki/L.A._Reid) , and Paula Abdul (/wiki/Paula_Abdul) on the judging panel of the US version of (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(American_TV_series)) The X Factor . [30] (#cite_note-Confirmed_for_X_Factor_US-30) After a three-week stint she departed the series. [31] (#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-31) Cowell said the reason she left was that he offered her a judging seat on the eighth series of the UK show (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_8)) and he felt that she would have been more comfortable there. [32] (#cite_note-32) Cheryl did not return to the UK show, as Tulisa (/wiki/Tulisa) had taken her place on the UK judging panel and Cheryl was unwilling to be a judge on the UK show without Cowell. [33] (#cite_note-33) Nicole Scherzinger (/wiki/Nicole_Scherzinger) replaced her on the judging panel of the American version for the rest of season one (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(American_season_1)) . [34] (#cite_note-34) In December 2012, Cheryl sued the American producers of The X Factor for $2.3 million (£1.4m). She received $1.8 million (£1.1m) for the 2011 US series, and then sued for $2 million (£1.25m) for the second season, plus additional damages. [35] (#cite_note-35) In November 2013, Cheryl won for her settlement, for an undisclosed amount between her and producers Blue Orbit. [36] (#cite_note-36) Cheryl's first solo performance was on American rapper will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) 's " Heartbreaker (/wiki/Heartbreaker_(will.i.am_song)) " in 2008. She was picked to appear as a dancer in the video after taking streetdancing (/wiki/Streetdance) classes during the filming of ITV2 (/wiki/ITV2) series The Passions of Girls Aloud (/wiki/The_Passions_of_Girls_Aloud) . [37] (#cite_note-37) She was later asked by will.i.am to sing additional vocals on the track. [38] (#cite_note-38) In April 2009, she started working on solo material, [39] (#cite_note-39) and her debut album, 3 Words (/wiki/3_Words) , was released in the UK on 26 October. [40] (#cite_note-40) The album spent two weeks at number one, [41] (#cite_note-chartstats1-41) and on 6 November, BPI certified the album platinum, denoting shipments of over 300,000 units; it later tripled this feat. [42] (#cite_note-bpi-42) The first single from the album, " Fight for This Love (/wiki/Fight_for_This_Love) ", was written by Andre Merritt, Steve Kipner (/wiki/Steve_Kipner) and Wayne Wilkins (/wiki/Wayne_Wilkins) , and produced by Kipner and Wilkins. Following a performance on The X Factor live results show, "Fight for This Love" entered the UK and Irish charts at number one, [43] (#cite_note-43) and in 2010, it went to number one in Denmark, Norway and Hungary, [44] (#cite_note-44) and was later certified platinum in the UK. [42] (#cite_note-bpi-42) It also became the fourth best-selling single of 2009 in the UK. [45] (#cite_note-2009_UK_Year-End_Charts-45) Cheryl's second single, " 3 Words (/wiki/3_Words_(song)) ", which features will.i.am, went to number four in the UK and seven in Ireland. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-irish_chart-47) In 2010, the single was released in Australia and charted at number five, and was certified platinum. [48] (#cite_note-AUS2010_Singles-48) The third single, " Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_(Cheryl_song)) ", charted in the top five in both the UK and Ireland, and was certified gold in the UK. [49] (#cite_note-uk_chart-49) [47] (#cite_note-irish_chart-47) [42] (#cite_note-bpi-42) Cheryl alongside Simon Cowell (/wiki/Simon_Cowell) on The X Factor (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_TV_series)) , London, June 2010 Cheryl started recording sessions for her second album in February 2010, [50] (#cite_note-youtube-50) though in an interview on Alan Carr: Chatty Man (/wiki/Alan_Carr:_Chatty_Man) , she said that some of the songs submitted for the record dated back to 3 Words . [51] (#cite_note-51) The album was largely produced by Wayne Wilkins [52] (#cite_note-productionMLR-52) and released on 29 October 2010 under the title Messy Little Raindrops (/wiki/Messy_Little_Raindrops) . It features guest vocals from August Rigo (/wiki/August_Rigo) , Dizzee Rascal (/wiki/Dizzee_Rascal) , Travie McCoy (/wiki/Travie_McCoy) , and will.i.am, [53] (#cite_note-53) and debuted at number one in the UK, and at number two in Ireland. [49] (#cite_note-uk_chart-49) [47] (#cite_note-irish_chart-47) It received generally mixed reviews from music critics, with a positive review of four out of five stars from Jon O'Brien of AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic) . [54] (#cite_note-mlr-54) On 19 August 2011, the album was certified platinum by BPI, with shipments in the UK exceeding 300,000. [42] (#cite_note-bpi-42) The album's first single, " Promise This (/wiki/Promise_This) ", is an up-tempo (/wiki/Up-tempo) dance-pop song written by Wilkins, Priscilla Hamilton (/wiki/Priscilla_Renea) and Christopher Jackson, [55] (#cite_note-booklet-55) [56] (#cite_note-OK!-56) which was released on 24 October 2010 and became her second number-one in the UK where it was certified gold. [57] (#cite_note-57) " The Flood (/wiki/The_Flood_(Cheryl_song)) " was released as the album's second single and entered the charts after its official release at number 18. [49] (#cite_note-uk_chart-49) Cheryl was given a one-off television programme for ITV1 (/wiki/ITV1) , Cheryl Cole's Night In (/wiki/Cheryl_Cole%27s_Night_In) , which aired on 19 December 2009. [58] (#cite_note-nightin-58) The programme, hosted by Holly Willoughby (/wiki/Holly_Willoughby) , featured music and interviews with Cheryl and some of her favourite performers. Alexandra Burke, Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Will Young (/wiki/Will_Young) , Snow Patrol (/wiki/Snow_Patrol) and will.i.am made appearances. [59] (#cite_note-59) The programme attracted 5 million viewers on its first airing. [60] (#cite_note-60) From May to July 2010, Cheryl was the opening act for the Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) at the British shows (as well as some European dates) of The E.N.D. World Tour (/wiki/The_E.N.D._World_Tour) . [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) Cheryl was interviewed during an episode of the fourth series of Piers Morgan's Life Stories (/wiki/Piers_Morgan%27s_Life_Stories) , in which she discussed her marriage and divorce with Ashley Cole (/wiki/Ashley_Cole) and her life-threatening battle with malaria (/wiki/Malaria) . The show, which aired on 23 October 2010, drew an audience of 7.2 million, the highest figure in the chat show's history. [64] (#cite_note-Lifestories-64) 2012–2013: A Million Lights , Girls Aloud reunion and tours Cheryl's third studio album, A Million Lights (/wiki/A_Million_Lights) , was released on 18 June 2012. [65] (#cite_note-65) It debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart, selling 34,934 copies in its first week on sale, and was her first not to debut at number one in the UK and her first not to sell over 100,000 copies in its first week. [66] (#cite_note-:6-66) Her debut album 3 Words sold 125,000 copies while its follow-up Messy Little Raindrops sold around 105,000 copies. [66] (#cite_note-:6-66) A Million Lights was certified gold in the UK for shipments of 100,000 copies. [42] (#cite_note-bpi-42) Its lead single, " Call My Name (/wiki/Call_My_Name_(Cheryl_song)) " became Cheryl's third number one single on the UK Singles Chart, with the sales of 152,001 digital copies. The song became 2012's fastest selling number one single on the UK Singles Chart until December of the same year, [67] (#cite_note-67) when the winner of the 2012 series of (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_9)) The X Factor UK , James Arthur (/wiki/James_Arthur_(singer)) , sold 490,560 copies with his cover of Shontelle (/wiki/Shontelle) 's " Impossible (/wiki/Impossible_(Shontelle_song)) ". [68] (#cite_note-68) "Call My Name" sold a total of 417,000 copies in the UK, and was the 34th best-selling single of 2012 there. [69] (#cite_note-ukye-69) " Under the Sun (/wiki/Under_the_Sun_(Cheryl_song)) ", the second single from the album, was released on 2 September 2012, [70] (#cite_note-UnderTheSun-70) and peaked at number 13, becoming her seventh consecutive solo top-twenty single. To promote A Million Lights , Cheryl embarked on her first solo concert tour, A Million Lights Tour (/wiki/A_Million_Lights_Tour) . The tour ran from 3 to 17 October 2012, and comprised 11 show dates: two in Ireland, one in Scotland and eight in England. She also did a set of meet and greets at each concert. The £350 offer included an autograph, a chance to meet her and a photograph with her backstage, with proceeds going towards her charity, The Cheryl Cole Foundation. The meet and greet ticket drew negative criticism from fans, who complained about the high price. [71] (#cite_note-71) [72] (#cite_note-72) On 4 June 2012, Cheryl performed a duet with Gary Barlow (/wiki/Gary_Barlow) at the Diamond Jubilee Concert (/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Concert) , which was organised and created by Barlow as part of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II (/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II) and watched by millions worldwide. [73] (#cite_note-73) [74] (#cite_note-74) In 2012, Cheryl returned to The X Factor UK as an assistant for Barlow at the judges' houses stage to help him select his contestants for the live shows of the competition. In November 2012, she was handed her own documentary entitled Cheryl: Access All Areas , which attracted 811,000 viewers on ITV2 and 177,000 on +1. [75] (#cite_note-75) In November 2012, after months of speculation, Girls Aloud reunited for the group's 10th anniversary. On 18 November, they released their comeback single, " Something New (/wiki/Something_New_(Girls_Aloud_song)) ", which was also the official charity single for Children in Need 2012 (/wiki/Children_in_Need_2012) . The single peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. [76] (#cite_note-76) The group released their second greatest hits compilation (/wiki/Greatest_hits_album) , Ten (/wiki/Ten_(Girls_Aloud_album)) , on 26 November 2012. The second single taken from Ten , " Beautiful 'Cause You Love Me (/wiki/Beautiful_%27Cause_You_Love_Me) ", was released on 17 December. [77] (#cite_note-77) A documentary entitled Girls Aloud: Ten Years at the Top (/wiki/Girls_Aloud:_Ten_Years_at_the_Top) aired on ITV1 on 15 December [78] (#cite_note-78) and attracted 2.3 million viewers, a 10.5% share of the audience. [79] (#cite_note-79) In 2013, the group embarked on Ten: The Hits Tour (/wiki/Ten:_The_Hits_Tour) . [80] (#cite_note-80) [81] (#cite_note-81) In March 2013, following the completion of the tour, Girls Aloud released a statement to confirm that they were splitting permanently. [82] (#cite_note-82) [83] (#cite_note-83) 2014–2017: Only Human and The X Factor return In June 2014, Cheryl debuted the first single from her fourth studio album Only Human (/wiki/Only_Human_(Cheryl_album)) , " Crazy Stupid Love (/wiki/Crazy_Stupid_Love_(song)) ", which features Tinie Tempah (/wiki/Tinie_Tempah) . [84] (#cite_note-84) Later in the month, she performed at Capital FM (/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)) 's Summertime Ball (/wiki/Summertime_Ball) at Wembley Stadium (/wiki/Wembley_Stadium) . [85] (#cite_note-85) "Crazy Stupid Love" was officially released in July and entered the UK Singles Chart at number one, selling 118,000 copies. It became Cheryl's fourth number one single on the chart, making her the third British female artist to achieve four numbers ones as a solo artist, after Geri Halliwell (/wiki/Geri_Halliwell) and Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) . [86] (#cite_note-cole's_number_1_2014-86) The song also peaked at number one in Ireland. [47] (#cite_note-irish_chart-47) The second single from Only Human , " I Don't Care (/wiki/I_Don%27t_Care_(Cheryl_song)) ", was released on 2 November and similarly to its predecessor debuted at number one in the UK, becoming Cheryl's fifth number one in the country. This made her the first British female to have five solo number one singles in the UK, and she held the record for the British female solo artist with the most UK number-one singles until Jess Glynne (/wiki/Jess_Glynne) overtook her in 2018. [87] (#cite_note-I_don't_care_number_one-87) [88] (#cite_note-jess_glynne_record_2018-88) Only Human was released on 10 November and became Cheryl's fourth solo album to debut within the top 10 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. [49] (#cite_note-uk_chart-49) [47] (#cite_note-irish_chart-47) It was later certified silver in the UK. [42] (#cite_note-bpi-42) The album's title track (/wiki/Only_Human_(Cheryl_song)) was released as its third and final single in March 2015. The song, which originally peaked at number 70 as an album cut in October 2014, failed to reach the top 100 on the UK Singles Chart upon the single's release, therefore becoming Cheryl's lowest-charting single to date. [89] (#cite_note-89) In 2014, the singer also returned as a judge on the UK show of The X Factor for its eleventh series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_11)) to replace Sharon Osbourne (/wiki/Sharon_Osbourne) , signing a £1.5 million contract. [90] (#cite_note-X_Factor_2014_(Billboard)-90) [91] (#cite_note-X_Factor_2014_(THR)-91) She was joined by Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh and Mel B (/wiki/Mel_B) on the judging panel. She was again selected to mentor the girls category, with her final act Lauren Platt (/wiki/Lauren_Platt) coming fourth. In 2015, Cheryl returned to The X Factor for its twelfth series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_12)) ; she was joined by Cowell and new judges Ora and Nick Grimshaw (/wiki/Nick_Grimshaw) . [92] (#cite_note-92) She was selected to mentor the groups category for the first time and her last remaining group Reggie 'n' Bollie (/wiki/Reggie_%27n%27_Bollie) reached the final finishing in second place. Cheryl announced her departure from The X Factor in April 2016, choosing to focus on her music career and was replaced by Osbourne. [93] (#cite_note-Cheryl_Quits_(April_2016)-93) She appeared in the fourteenth series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_14)) as Cowell's adviser during the judges' houses stage. [94] (#cite_note-94) 2018–present: Standalone singles, The Greatest Dancer , stage debut and second Girls Aloud reunion Kimberley Walsh (/wiki/Kimberley_Walsh) , Nadine Coyle (/wiki/Nadine_Coyle) , Cheryl and Nicola Roberts (/wiki/Nicola_Roberts) during their The Girls Aloud Show (/wiki/The_Girls_Aloud_Show) tour in June 2024 In July 2018, Cheryl stated that her fifth studio album was "pretty much finished", and revealed that she worked on the record with Naughty Boy (/wiki/Naughty_Boy) and her former bandmate Nicola Roberts with whom she co-wrote every song. [95] (#cite_note-95) Later that year, she signed with 3 Beat (/wiki/3_Beat_Records) to release new music, and announced that she would release a series of singles before releasing a full-length album. [96] (#cite_note-96) The first single, " Love Made Me Do It (/wiki/Love_Made_Me_Do_It_(song)) ", was released in November 2018. [97] (#cite_note-97) Upon its release, Cheryl hinted in an interview with The Guardian that if her new material were to underperform she would retire from music. [98] (#cite_note-98) Cheryl's comeback was met with intense media scrutiny, and the single failed to make an impact in the charts peaking at number 19 in the UK and number 32 in Ireland. [47] (#cite_note-irish_chart-47) [99] (#cite_note-sweetheart_to_pariah-99) [100] (#cite_note-100) Her live performance of the song on the fifteenth series (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_series_15)) of The X Factor UK was widely criticised in the media, with viewers arguing that its "overtly [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] sexual nature" was inappropriate for pre-watershed (/wiki/Watershed_(broadcasting)) television. [99] (#cite_note-sweetheart_to_pariah-99) [101] (#cite_note-101) The follow-up single, " Let You (/wiki/Let_You) ", was released in May 2019 and peaked at number 57 in the UK. [102] (#cite_note-102) [49] (#cite_note-uk_chart-49) When asked in 2023 about her future music plans, Cheryl replied: "The industry's completely changed and I don't know if I'd fit in." [103] (#cite_note-103) Cheryl began serving as a dance captain on the BBC One (/wiki/BBC_One) dance competition The Greatest Dancer (/wiki/The_Greatest_Dancer) , which premiered on 5 January 2019. [104] (#cite_note-104) [105] (#cite_note-105) In 2020, she returned for its second series, [106] (#cite_note-106) and later that year, BBC One said there were no plans to continue the show. [107] (#cite_note-107) She played music manager Coco Rayne in Sky Cinema (/wiki/Sky_Cinema) 's 2020 adaptation of the novel Four Children and It (/wiki/Four_Children_and_It) titled Four Kids and It (/wiki/Four_Kids_and_It) . [108] (#cite_note-108) [109] (#cite_note-109) In August 2021, Cheryl launched a 12-part podcast about R&B music titled You, Me & R&B with Cheryl on BBC Sounds (/wiki/BBC_Sounds) , which drew criticism from some who believed that a black artist should have been given the platform to present a show about black music (/wiki/Black_music) . [110] (#cite_note-110) On 7 December 2022, it was announced that Cheryl would be playing Jenny in the West End (/wiki/West_End_theatre) play 2:22 A Ghost Story (/wiki/2:22_A_Ghost_Story) at the Lyric Theatre (/wiki/Lyric_Theatre,_London) from 28 January to 23 April 2023. [111] (#cite_note-111) In 2024, she reunited with the remaining members of Girls Aloud for a UK and Ireland tour The Girls Aloud Show (/wiki/The_Girls_Aloud_Show) to celebrate 21 years of the group and to remember their bandmate Sarah Harding who died in 2021. [112] (#cite_note-112) Other ventures As a member of Girls Aloud, Cheryl teamed with Eylure to release five sets of false eyelashes (/wiki/Eyelash_extensions) , each set designed by a different member of the group. A range of festival (/wiki/Music_festival) -themed lashes followed in 2010, while limited edition "10th Anniversary" lash was released in 2012. [113] (#cite_note-113) [114] (#cite_note-114) Similarly, to celebrate their tenth anniversary, each member designed a charm bracelet (/wiki/Charm_bracelet) for Pandora, available as either a complete bracelet or a "starter" bracelet. [115] (#cite_note-115) From 2009 to 2018, Cheryl served as the UK spokesperson for L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) . [116] (#cite_note-116) [117] (#cite_note-117) Cheryl's first official book, entitled Through My Eyes , was published on 30 September 2010 by Bantam Press (/wiki/Bantam_Press) . [118] (#cite_note-118) [119] (#cite_note-119) Through My Eyes purports to show her in the recording studio, backstage on tour, behind-the-scenes at The X Factor , at photo shoots and at award ceremonies. She said the book is "filled with pictures that capture those moments, [her] memories and the people [she's] closest to". [120] (#cite_note-120) She is the subject of several unauthorised biographies, [121] (#cite_note-121) [122] (#cite_note-122) [123] (#cite_note-123) as well as books detailing her relationship with and divorce from Ashley Cole. [124] (#cite_note-124) [125] (#cite_note-125) [126] (#cite_note-126) Her autobiography, Cheryl: My Story (/wiki/Cheryl:_My_Story) , was published on 11 October 2012. [127] (#cite_note-127) The book's content was about her childhood, rise to fame as a member of Girls Aloud and her relationships with Simon Cowell and her ex-husband Ashley Cole. [128] (#cite_note-128) [129] (#cite_note-129) It has sold 275,000 copies as of February 2013 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheryl_(singer)&action=edit) , generating £2.5 million in sales. In August 2014, Cheryl released her debut fragrance, StormFlower. [130] (#cite_note-130) Philanthropy In 2004, Girls Aloud released a cover of the Pretenders (/wiki/The_Pretenders) ' " I'll Stand by You (/wiki/I%27ll_Stand_by_You) " as the official single for the BBC's charity telethon Children in Need (/wiki/Children_in_Need_2004) . [131] (#cite_note-cincbbc-131) In 2007, the group announced a joint release of Aerosmith (/wiki/Aerosmith) and Run DMC (/wiki/Run_DMC) 's " Walk This Way (/wiki/Walk_This_Way) " with Sugababes (/wiki/Sugababes) as the official single for the UK's other major charity telethon Comic Relief (/wiki/Comic_Relief) . The song was recorded at Comic Relief co-founder and trustee Richard Curtis (/wiki/Richard_Curtis) ' request. [132] (#cite_note-crbbc-132) [133] (#cite_note-133) In March 2009, Cheryl climbed Mount Kilimanjaro (/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro) in aid of Comic Relief. The climb, organised by Gary Barlow, was also undertaken by fellow Girls Aloud member Kimberley Walsh, as well as Alesha Dixon (/wiki/Alesha_Dixon) , Fearne Cotton (/wiki/Fearne_Cotton) , Denise Van Outen (/wiki/Denise_Van_Outen) , Chris Moyles (/wiki/Chris_Moyles) , Ben Shephard (/wiki/Ben_Shephard) , Ronan Keating (/wiki/Ronan_Keating) and Barlow himself. [134] (#cite_note-134) [135] (#cite_note-135) Between 3 February and 23 March 2009, Cheryl, Walsh, Barlow, Moyles and Cotton also raised money for Comic Relief by providing the voice for the BT Speaking Clock (/wiki/BT_Speaking_Clock) . [136] (#cite_note-136) All nine celebrities reached the summit of Kilimanjaro on Saturday, 7 March 2009. [137] (#cite_note-137) Cheryl, along with Cotton, Van Outen and Shephard, reached the summit first at sunrise. The trek raised £3.5 million for the charity. In February 2011, Cheryl launched her own charitable foundation with The Prince's Trust (/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Trust) following a meeting with The Trust's president, Charles, Prince of Wales (/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales) . The Cheryl Cole Foundation is meant to provide vital funds for The Trust in the North East, which was set up to help disadvantaged young people from Cheryl's region. [138] (#cite_note-138) On 13 June 2011, she auctioned 20 dresses with ASOS (/wiki/ASOS.com) to raise funds for the foundation. [139] (#cite_note-139) In September 2011, Cheryl became the latest " Forces' sweetheart (/wiki/Forces_sweetheart) " when she visited British soldiers (/wiki/British_soldiers) in Afghanistan. [140] (#cite_note-140) On 23 January 2015, Cheryl announced the launch of a second charity, once again alongside The Prince's Trust. The charity was named Cheryl's Trust, and was set up with the aim of raising £2 million to build a centre, which will support up to 4000 disadvantaged young people in her native city of Newcastle. [141] (#cite_note-141) To raise these funds, Cheryl has thus far teamed up with Prizeo (/wiki/Prizeo) in March 2015, setting up a styling session competition, [142] (#cite_note-142) and also launched a limited edition Belgian Chocolate (/wiki/Belgian_chocolate) Bar with Greggs (/wiki/Greggs) in August 2015; 5p proceeds from each sale being donated towards the trust. [143] (#cite_note-143) In November 2016, she became the ambassador of the charity Childline (/wiki/Childline) . [144] (#cite_note-144) Artistry and influences Cheryl has a mezzo-soprano (/wiki/Mezzo-soprano) range. [145] (#cite_note-145) She spoke about her vocal ability saying, "I am very aware of my ability, I know I'm no Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) but I think the emotion in the song is what matters." [146] (#cite_note-146) In a review for her debut studio album 3 Words , Tom Ewing of The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) opined that "She's not as full a singer as the belters and divas she presides over each week [on The X Factor ], but she's an expressive performer and a less showy backing lets that come through." [147] (#cite_note-ewing-147) 3 Words is a pop and R&B record which incorporates elements of dance, disco and electropop in some of its tracks, [147] (#cite_note-ewing-147) while Messy Little Raindrops was described as a combination of "anthemic dance and synth-led R&B". [54] (#cite_note-mlr-54) A Million Lights , her third studio album, also incorporates R&B and dance. [148] (#cite_note-Entertainment_Wise-148) She incorporated dubstep (/wiki/Dubstep) into A Million Lights , MTV (/wiki/MTV) citing "Girl in the Mirror" as an example. [149] (#cite_note-149) Cheryl has named Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) and Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) as a few of her inspirations, performance and fashion-wise. [150] (#cite_note-Get_Music-150) [151] (#cite_note-151) She spoke on the reason Beyoncé was an influence on her, saying, "I love Beyoncé, I just think she is such a beautiful person inside and out, apart from what she does on the stage which is obviously incredible and aspirational. I just like her as a woman. She's empowering." [152] (#cite_note-152) She has cited Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes (/wiki/Lisa_Lopes) , a former member of American band TLC (/wiki/TLC_(band)) , as another influence saying, "I wanted to be [Lopes] – I used to wear baggy jeans and Timberlands like a tomboy." [153] (#cite_note-153) Other influences she has cited are Rihanna, whom she described as "a perfect pop star", [154] (#cite_note-154) and Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) , saying, "Mary's voice sounds so grown up and you can hear that she has experienced a lot in her life, her songs help me with every heartache." [155] (#cite_note-155) Cheryl has influenced other artists, including Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) . [156] (#cite_note-156) The 2006 Lily Allen (/wiki/Lily_Allen) song "Cheryl Tweedy" was written about her. [157] (#cite_note-157) In June 2012, Cheryl performed "Call My Name" live on The Voice UK (/wiki/The_Voice_UK) . In response to criticism about lip-syncing, she deemed it complimentary and said, "If you think my live vocal sounds so good it must be mimed, I'm happy." [158] (#cite_note-158) Public image A wax figure of Cheryl at the museum Madame Tussauds (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds) in London As a member of Girls Aloud, Cheryl was initially recognised as a teen idol. [159] (#cite_note-groovy-159) She mentioned her rise to stardom: "[...] it was a really difficult transition to go through. Coming in to this industry and being an object. [...] I really struggled with that adjustment." She felt "uncomfortable" in wearing "short skirts and some outfits that were quite sexy" as a member of the group, but said "it wasn't trying to be sexual. I would never do something I didn't want to do". [160] (#cite_note-gordon-160) Her relationship with footballer Ashley Cole was subject of intense media scrutiny [161] (#cite_note-Hattenstone-161) and she was labelled a football " WAG (/wiki/WAGs) ", [162] (#cite_note-162) [163] (#cite_note-163) a term she found "derogatory". [161] (#cite_note-Hattenstone-161) Cheryl's popularity grew significantly during her 2008–2011 stint on The X Factor , [7] (#cite_note-spotlight-7) [99] (#cite_note-sweetheart_to_pariah-99) and the British press called her a "nation's sweetheart". [11] (#cite_note-EDay-11) [164] (#cite_note-singh-164) As a judge, she was noted for her style, "disarming compassion and sensitivity". [7] (#cite_note-spotlight-7) [11] (#cite_note-EDay-11) The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) ' s Bryony Gordon dubbed her a " Princess Diana (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) for the X Factor generation." [160] (#cite_note-gordon-160) Cheryl also received criticism. In 2010, The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) ' s Simon Hattenstone wrote about the public perception of her: "One day she might be the stoic saint coping with marital adversity or the Mother Teresa of The X Factor , smiling beatifically as her kids perform for her; the next she might be the hard-nosed bitch who lip-syncs her way through a 'live' TV performance while her X Factor wannabes have to do it for real, and who is happy to advertise L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) shampoo while wearing hair extensions." [161] (#cite_note-Hattenstone-161) Alice Vincent of The Telegraph remarked that "Cheryl's career has been pockmarked by tales of demanding behaviour and superciliary attitude". [99] (#cite_note-sweetheart_to_pariah-99) Gordon, however, described her as being "self-critical" and "very polite about everything". [160] (#cite_note-gordon-160) Cheryl has become a recognised and photographed style icon, [165] (#cite_note-styletelegraph-165) [166] (#cite_note-glamour-166) [167] (#cite_note-vogue-167) being referred to as a "fashionista" by the press. [168] (#cite_note-168) During her television appearances, she wore "a string of fashion-forward outfits from Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) and Preen, to McQueen and Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) ." [169] (#cite_note-169) In both 2009 and 2010, she was named the best dressed woman by Glamour magazine, after 14,000 votes from the magazine's readers were counted. [170] (#cite_note-170) She has been photographed for the covers of British Vogue , [167] (#cite_note-vogue-167) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [10] (#cite_note-chronicle-10) She has won Glamour Women of the Year Awards (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)#UK) for TV Personality and Best Dressed [171] (#cite_note-This_is_London-171) and Style Network (/wiki/Style_Network) Award for Best Dressed Woman and Style Icon of the Decade. [165] (#cite_note-styletelegraph-165) In February 2009, she appeared on the cover of British Vogue . The media coverage of her appearance in the magazine boosted the magazine's circulation to 240,000, its best ever February figure. [172] (#cite_note-172) Cheryl topped FHM (/wiki/FHM) ' s 100 Sexiest Women in the World (/wiki/FHM%27s_100_Sexiest_Women_(UK)) list in 2009 and 2010. [173] (#cite_note-173) [174] (#cite_note-174) In March 2010, she was declared by research company Millward Brown as the second most powerful celebrity in Britain. [175] (#cite_note-175) In October 2010, a wax statue of her was added to the gallery of Madame Tussauds (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds) in London at a cost of approximately £150,000. [176] (#cite_note-176) The waxwork was removed from public display in August 2019. [177] (#cite_note-177) Personal life Relationships Cheryl began dating England and Chelsea footballer (/wiki/Association_football) Ashley Cole (/wiki/Ashley_Cole) in September 2004, announcing their engagement after he proposed in Dubai in June 2005. [178] (#cite_note-178) The couple were married at a ceremony at Barnet (/wiki/Chipping_Barnet) , north west London on 15 July 2006. [179] (#cite_note-:0-179) They signed an exclusive deal with OK! (/wiki/OK!) , reportedly worth £1 million, regarding the rights of the photographs. [180] (#cite_note-180) On 23 February 2010, Cheryl announced she was separating from Cole, [181] (#cite_note-BBC_News-181) [182] (#cite_note-Official_Statement-182) and on 26 May, she filed for divorce at London's High Court (/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice) citing "unreasonable behaviour" from her estranged husband. The divorce papers state that Cole admitted being unfaithful to Cheryl with a number of other women. [183] (#cite_note-Cheryl_files_for_divorce-183) She was granted a decree nisi (/wiki/Decree_nisi) on 3 September. [184] (#cite_note-:1-184) She continued to use her married name, but later began using the mononym Cheryl for her music releases. [161] (#cite_note-Hattenstone-161) On 7 July 2014, Cheryl married French restaurateur Jean-Bernard Fernandez-Versini after a three-month courtship. [185] (#cite_note-:2-185) [186] (#cite_note-:3-186) [187] (#cite_note-:4-187) Following their separation, Cheryl began dating singer Liam Payne (/wiki/Liam_Payne) , whom she had previously judged as a contestant on The X Factor . [188] (#cite_note-188) [189] (#cite_note-189) She was later granted a decree nisi from Fernandez-Versini on 20 October 2016, [190] (#cite_note-:5-190) and the divorce was later finalised. [191] (#cite_note-191) On 22 March 2017, she gave birth to her son with Payne. [192] (#cite_note-:7-192) [193] (#cite_note-193) [194] (#cite_note-194) Cheryl and Payne announced they had ended their relationship in July 2018. [195] (#cite_note-:8-195) Family genealogy In December 2016, Cheryl appeared on the BBC One genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are? (/wiki/Who_Do_You_Think_You_Are%3F_(British_TV_series)) , during which she researched her maternal family. [196] (#cite_note-196) Research shows that her paternal line is from Tyneside [197] (#cite_note-wdytyam-197) and that there were a number of coal miners amongst Cheryl's forebears. When tracing further back, in one of the branches of her paternal line, researchers find that her ancestry includes several mariners. [197] (#cite_note-wdytyam-197) The investigation into Cheryl's maternal line shows that her grandmother, Olga Ridley, was one of twin girls born to Edith Annie Burton, the housekeeper for a widower named Joseph Ridley who already had a number of children from his marriage. Joseph Ridley had fought in World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) in the Durham Light Infantry (/wiki/Durham_Light_Infantry) as a Pioneer (/wiki/Pioneer_(military)) in France and, from an examination of the census, before the war he had been a grocery warehouseman. [197] (#cite_note-wdytyam-197) Assault conviction On 11 January 2003, Cheryl was involved in an altercation with a nightclub toilet attendant, Sophie Amogbokpa, and subsequently charged with racially aggravated assault over the incident. [198] (#cite_note-198) [159] (#cite_note-groovy-159) At her trial on 20 October she was found guilty of assault occasioning actual bodily harm (/wiki/Assault_occasioning_actual_bodily_harm#United_Kingdom) but cleared of the racially aggravated assault charge (/wiki/Crime_and_Disorder_Act_1998#Racially_or_religiously_aggravated_offences) , [199] (#cite_note-BBCGui-199) and sentenced to 120 hours of community service (/wiki/Community_service) . She was ordered to pay her victim £500 in compensation (/wiki/Damages) , as well as £3,000 prosecution costs. Judge Richard Howard said, "This was an unpleasant piece of drunken violence which caused Sophie Amogbokpa pain and suffering." [199] (#cite_note-BBCGui-199) Political views Cheryl is a lifelong supporter of the Labour Party (/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)) . [161] (#cite_note-Hattenstone-161) [200] (#cite_note-200) She proclaimed her support for same-sex marriage (/wiki/Same-sex_marriage) in 2012. [201] (#cite_note-201) Filmography Main article: Cheryl videography (/wiki/Cheryl_videography) St Trinian's (/wiki/St_Trinian%27s_(film)) (2007) What to Expect When You're Expecting (/wiki/What_to_Expect_When_You%27re_Expecting_(film)) (2012) Four Kids and It (/wiki/Four_Kids_and_It) (2020) Stage 2:22 A Ghost Story (/wiki/2:22_A_Ghost_Story) (2023) at the Lyric Theatre (/wiki/Lyric_Theatre,_London) Discography Main articles: Cheryl discography (/wiki/Cheryl_discography) and list of songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Cheryl) See also: Girls Aloud discography (/wiki/Girls_Aloud_discography) and list of songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Girls_Aloud) 3 Words (/wiki/3_Words) (2009) Messy Little Raindrops (/wiki/Messy_Little_Raindrops) (2010) A Million Lights (/wiki/A_Million_Lights) (2012) Only Human (/wiki/Only_Human_(Cheryl_album)) (2014) Tours See also: List of Girls Aloud concert tours (/wiki/List_of_Girls_Aloud_concert_tours) Solo tours A Million Lights Tour (/wiki/A_Million_Lights_Tour) (2012) As solo supporting act The Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) ' The E.N.D. World Tour (/wiki/The_E.N.D._World_Tour) (Europe, 2010) Awards and nominations Year Award-giving body Award Result 2007 Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards (/wiki/Nickelodeon_UK_Kids%27_Choice_Awards) Best Female Singer [202] (#cite_note-202) Nominated Virgin Media (/wiki/Virgin_Media) Awards Most Fanciable Female [203] (#cite_note-203) Won 2008 Hottest Female Nominated Heat Magazine Awards (/wiki/Heat_(magazine)) Sexiest Female Won Best Reality TV Judge Won 2009 Glamour Women of the Year Awards (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)#UK) TV Personality [171] (#cite_note-This_is_London-171) Won FHM ' s 100 Sexiest Women in the World (/wiki/FHM%27s_100_Sexiest_Women_(UK)) No. 1 Sexiest Woman in the World [204] (#cite_note-204) Won Style Network (/wiki/Style_Network) Awards Best Dressed Woman [165] (#cite_note-styletelegraph-165) Won Style Icon of the Decade Won BBC Switch (/wiki/BBC_Switch) Live Awards Switch's Prom Queen [205] (#cite_note-205) Won Virgin Media Awards Hottest Female [206] (#cite_note-206) Won Legend of the Year Nominated Glamour Award for Woman of the Year (/wiki/Glamour_Award_for_Woman_of_the_Year) Best Dressed [207] (#cite_note-207) Won 2010 4Music (/wiki/4Music) Video Honours Hottest Girl [208] (#cite_note-4MVH2010-208) Won Magic Love Song (" Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_(Cheryl_song)) ") [208] (#cite_note-4MVH2010-208) Won Brit Awards (/wiki/2010_Brit_Awards) British Single (/wiki/Brit_Award_for_British_Single_of_the_Year) (" Fight for This Love (/wiki/Fight_for_This_Love) ") [209] (#cite_note-209) Nominated Glamour Women of the Year Awards Best Dressed [210] (#cite_note-210) Won Woman of the Year Won FHM ' s 100 Sexiest Women in the World No. 1 Sexiest Woman in the World [211] (#cite_note-211) Won BT Digital Music Awards (/wiki/BT_Digital_Music_Awards) Best Female Artist [212] (#cite_note-btawards-212) Won Best Single ("Fight for This Love") [212] (#cite_note-btawards-212) Won Best Video ("Fight for This Love") [212] (#cite_note-btawards-212) Nominated 2011 Brit Awards (/wiki/2011_Brit_Awards) British Single ("Parachute") [213] (#cite_note-2011_brits-213) Nominated Best British Female (/wiki/Brit_Award_for_British_Female_Solo_Artist) [213] (#cite_note-2011_brits-213) Nominated Elle Style Awards (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards) Musician of the Year [214] (#cite_note-214) Won NME Awards (/wiki/NME_Awards) Least Stylish Nominated Worst Album ( Messy Little Raindrops (/wiki/Messy_Little_Raindrops) ) Nominated TRL Awards (/wiki/MTV_Italian_Music_Awards) Best New Act [215] (#cite_note-215) Nominated Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) Awards Best Dressed Woman Won BT Digital Music Awards Best Female Artist [216] (#cite_note-216) Nominated 2012 Virgin Media TV Awards Best Judge Won BBC Radio 1's Teen Awards (/wiki/BBC_Radio_1#BBC_Radio_1's_Teen_Awards) Best British Single [217] (#cite_note-217) Nominated Best British Album [218] (#cite_note-218) Nominated Best British Music Act [219] (#cite_note-219) Nominated Female Hottie [220] (#cite_note-220) Nominated UK Music Video Awards (/wiki/UK_Music_Video_Awards) People's Choice (" Call My Name (/wiki/Call_My_Name_(Cheryl_song)) ") [221] (#cite_note-221) Nominated 2013 Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards Favourite UK Female Artist Nominated 2014 FHM ' s 100 Sexiest Women in the World Hall of Fame [222] (#cite_note-222) Won MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2014_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) Best UK & Ireland Act (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_UK_%26_Ireland_Act) Nominated BBC Radio 1's Teen Awards Best British Solo Act [223] (#cite_note-223) Nominated Best British Single (" Crazy Stupid Love (/wiki/Crazy_Stupid_Love_(song)) ") [224] (#cite_note-224) Nominated 2015 National Television Awards (/wiki/20th_National_Television_Awards) TV Judge [225] (#cite_note-225) Nominated 2018 Digital Spy Reader Awards (/wiki/Digital_Spy) Best Singer [226] (#cite_note-226) Nominated 2019 Global Awards (/wiki/2019_Global_Awards) Best Female [227] (#cite_note-2019_global_awards-227) Nominated Best Pop [227] (#cite_note-2019_global_awards-227) Nominated 2020 National Television Awards (/wiki/25th_National_Television_Awards) TV Judge [228] (#cite_note-228) Nominated References ^ (#cite_ref-1) Harp, Justin (19 May 2017). 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External links Cheryl (singer) at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cheryl_(singer)) from Commons Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212772) from Wikidata Official website (http://cherylofficial.com/) Cheryl (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0001085761) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Cheryl (https://www.discogs.com/artist/1180430) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Cheryl (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1284632/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) show v t e Cheryl Discography (/wiki/Cheryl_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Cheryl) Videography (/wiki/Cheryl_videography) Studio albums 3 Words (/wiki/3_Words) Messy Little Raindrops (/wiki/Messy_Little_Raindrops) A Million Lights (/wiki/A_Million_Lights) Only Human (/wiki/Only_Human_(Cheryl_album)) Singles " Fight for This Love (/wiki/Fight_for_This_Love) " " 3 Words (/wiki/3_Words_(song)) " " Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_(Cheryl_Cole_song)) " " Promise This (/wiki/Promise_This) " " The Flood (/wiki/The_Flood_(Cheryl_Cole_song)) " " Call My Name (/wiki/Call_My_Name_(Cheryl_song)) " " Under the Sun (/wiki/Under_the_Sun_(Cheryl_song)) " " Crazy Stupid Love (/wiki/Crazy_Stupid_Love_(song)) " " I Don't Care (/wiki/I_Don%27t_Care_(Cheryl_song)) " " Only Human (/wiki/Only_Human_(Cheryl_song)) " " Love Made Me Do It (/wiki/Love_Made_Me_Do_It_(song)) " " Let You (/wiki/Let_You) " Featured singles " Heartbreaker (/wiki/Heartbreaker_(will.i.am_song)) " " Check It Out (/wiki/Check_It_Out_(will.i.am_and_Nicki_Minaj_song)) " Other songs " Screw You (/wiki/Screw_You) " " Ghetto Baby (/wiki/Ghetto_Baby) " Tours A Million Lights Tour (/wiki/A_Million_Lights_Tour) Books Dreams that Glitter (/wiki/Dreams_that_Glitter) Cheryl: My Story (/wiki/Cheryl:_My_Story) Related articles Girls Aloud (/wiki/Girls_Aloud) Cheryl Cole's Night In (/wiki/Cheryl_Cole%27s_Night_In) will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) show v t e Girls Aloud (/wiki/Girls_Aloud) Cheryl Nadine Coyle (/wiki/Nadine_Coyle) Nicola Roberts (/wiki/Nicola_Roberts) Kimberley Walsh (/wiki/Kimberley_Walsh) Sarah Harding (/wiki/Sarah_Harding) Studio albums Sound of the Underground (/wiki/Sound_of_the_Underground_(album)) What Will the Neighbours Say? (/wiki/What_Will_the_Neighbours_Say%3F) Chemistry (/wiki/Chemistry_(Girls_Aloud_album)) Tangled Up (/wiki/Tangled_Up_(Girls_Aloud_album)) Out of Control (/wiki/Out_of_Control_(Girls_Aloud_album)) Compilation albums The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits (/wiki/The_Sound_of_Girls_Aloud:_The_Greatest_Hits) Ten (/wiki/Ten_(Girls_Aloud_album)) Other albums Mixed Up (/wiki/Tangled_Up_(Girls_Aloud_album)#Mixed_Up) Girls A Live (/wiki/Out_of_Control_(Girls_Aloud_album)#Track_listing) Out of Control: Live from the O2 2009 (/wiki/Out_of_Control:_Live_from_the_O2_2009) Film and television Girls Aloud: Home Truths (/wiki/Girls_Aloud:_Home_Truths) Girls Aloud: Off the Record (/wiki/Girls_Aloud:_Off_the_Record) Ghosthunting with Girls Aloud (/wiki/Ghosthunting_with_Girls_Aloud) The Passions of Girls Aloud (/wiki/The_Passions_of_Girls_Aloud) The Girls Aloud Party (/wiki/The_Girls_Aloud_Party) Girls Aloud: Ten Years at the Top (/wiki/Girls_Aloud:_Ten_Years_at_the_Top) Video albums Girls on Film (/wiki/Girls_on_Film_(video)) What will the Neighbours Say?: Live in Concert (/wiki/What_Will_the_Neighbours_Say...%3F_Tour#Broadcast_and_recordings) The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits Tour (/wiki/Chemistry:_The_Tour#Broadcasts_and_recordings) Get Girls Aloud's Style (/wiki/Get_Girls_Aloud%27s_Style) Tangled Up: Live from The O2 2008 (/wiki/Tangled_Up_Tour#Broadcasts_and_recordings) Out of Control: Live from The O2 2009 (/wiki/Girls_Aloud:_Out_Of_Control_Live_at_the_O2) Ten: The Videos (/wiki/Ten:_The_Videos) Ten: The Hits Tour (/wiki/Ten:_The_Hits_Tour#Broadcast_and_recordings) Tours What Will the Neighbours Say...? Tour (/wiki/What_Will_the_Neighbours_Say...%3F_Tour) Chemistry: The Tour (/wiki/Chemistry:_The_Tour) The Greatest Hits Tour (/wiki/The_Greatest_Hits_Tour_(Girls_Aloud)) Tangled Up Tour (/wiki/Tangled_Up_Tour) Out of Control Tour (/wiki/Out_of_Control_Tour) Ten: The Hits Tour (/wiki/Ten:_The_Hits_Tour) The Girls Aloud Show (/wiki/The_Girls_Aloud_Show) Related articles Dreams that Glitter – Our Story (/wiki/Dreams_that_Glitter) Discography (/wiki/Girls_Aloud_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Girls_Aloud) Tours (/wiki/List_of_Girls_Aloud_concert_tours) Awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Girls_Aloud) Category (/wiki/Category:Girls_Aloud) show v t e Popstars UK (/wiki/Popstars_(British_TV_series)) Series 1 (/wiki/Popstars_(British_TV_series)) 2 (/wiki/Popstars:_The_Rivals) Winners Hear'Say (/wiki/Hear%27Say) Myleene Klass (/wiki/Myleene_Klass) Danny Foster (/wiki/Danny_Foster_(musician)) Suzanne Shaw (/wiki/Suzanne_Shaw) Noel Sullivan (/wiki/Noel_Sullivan) Kym Marsh (/wiki/Kym_Marsh) Girls Aloud (/wiki/Girls_Aloud) Cheryl Tweedy Nadine Coyle (/wiki/Nadine_Coyle) Nicola Roberts (/wiki/Nicola_Roberts) Sarah Harding (/wiki/Sarah_Harding) Kimberley Walsh (/wiki/Kimberley_Walsh) One True Voice (/wiki/One_True_Voice) Daniel Pearce (/wiki/Daniel_Pearce_(musician,_born_1978)) Keith Semple (/wiki/Keith_Semple) Winners' singles " Pure and Simple (/wiki/Pure_and_Simple_(song)) " " Sound of the Underground (/wiki/Sound_of_the_Underground_(song)) " " Sacred Trust" / "After You're Gone (/wiki/Sacred_Trust_/_After_You%27re_Gone) " Other alumni Liberty X (/wiki/Liberty_X) The Cheeky Girls (/wiki/The_Cheeky_Girls) Darius Danesh (/wiki/Darius_Campbell) Warren Stacey (/wiki/Warren_Stacey) Phixx (/wiki/Phixx) Clea (/wiki/Clea_(band)) Javine Hylton (/wiki/Javine_Hylton) Related articles Popstars (/wiki/Popstars) Discography (/wiki/Popstars_(British_TV_series)_discography) show v t e Glamour Award for Woman of the Year (/wiki/Glamour_Awards) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) (2003) Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) (2004) Rachel Stevens (/wiki/Rachel_Stevens) (2005) Somaly Mam (/wiki/Somaly_Mam) (2006) Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) (2007) Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) (2009) Cheryl Cole (2010) Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) (2012) Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) (2013) Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) (2014) Caitlyn Jenner (/wiki/Caitlyn_Jenner) (2015) Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) (2016) Jourdan Dunn (/wiki/Jourdan_Dunn) (2017) Viola Davis (/wiki/Viola_Davis) (2018) Greta Thunberg (/wiki/Greta_Thunberg) (2019) show Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1912618/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000114539398) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/103081332) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCmQcbBfV47Ct4Mbc3wC) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16219068b) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16219068b) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/14078473X) Italy (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UM1V027328) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2009189300) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0114814&CON_LNG=ENG) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/2d499150-1c42-4ffb-a90c-1cc635519d33) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐scqzd Cached time: 20240720164442 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.100 seconds Real time usage: 2.381 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 15254/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 513204/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 19482/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 33/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 916788/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.311/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11445947/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 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American costume designer and production designer Patricia Norris Born ( 1931-03-22 ) March 22, 1931 Died February 20, 2015 (2015-02-20) (aged 83) Westlake Village, California (/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California) , U.S. Occupation(s) Costume and production designer Children 4 Patricia Norris (March 22, 1931 – February 20, 2015) [1] (#cite_note-1) was an American costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) and production designer (/wiki/Production_designer) , who worked on many significant American films and was nominated for six Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) in her career. Career [ edit ] Norris's first credit as costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) was for The Late Liz (1971). She went on to design costumes for several iconic films of the 1970s and 1980s, including Capricorn One (/wiki/Capricorn_One) (1977), Days of Heaven (/wiki/Days_of_Heaven) (1978), Victor/Victoria (/wiki/Victor/Victoria) (1982) and Scarface (/wiki/Scarface_(1983_film)) (1983). In 1980, she designed the costumes for The Elephant Man (/wiki/The_Elephant_Man_(film)) , the first of many collaborations with director David Lynch (/wiki/David_Lynch) . For her next project with Lynch, Blue Velvet (/wiki/Blue_Velvet_(film)) , she received her first credit as production designer (/wiki/Production_designer) , taking responsibility for the entirety of the film's decor, not just the costumes. Norris continued to work on all of Lynch's films, up to The Straight Story (/wiki/The_Straight_Story) (1999). In later years, Norris collaborated with Plan B Entertainment (/wiki/Plan_B_Entertainment) on The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Jesse_James_by_the_Coward_Robert_Ford) (2007), Killing Them Softly (/wiki/Killing_Them_Softly) (2012), and 12 Years a Slave (/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)) (2013). [2] (#cite_note-2) Awards [ edit ] She was nominated six times for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) : for Days of Heaven (/wiki/Days_of_Heaven) , The Elephant Man (/wiki/The_Elephant_Man_(film)) , Victor/Victoria (/wiki/Victor/Victoria) , 2010: The Year We Make Contact (/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact) , Sunset (/wiki/Sunset_(1988_film)) and 12 Years a Slave (/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)) . She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Costumes_for_a_Series) and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Art_Direction_for_a_Single-Camera_Series) for Twin Peaks (/wiki/Twin_Peaks) (Episode: Pilot (/wiki/Pilot_(Twin_Peaks)) ). She also won the Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Period Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Period_Film) for 12 Years a Slave . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) In 2010, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Art Directors Guild (/wiki/Art_Directors_Guild) . [4] (#cite_note-4) She was the only person to receive Lifetime Achievement Awards from both the Costume Designers Guild and the Art Directors Guild. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Patricia Norris obituary (https://variety.com/2015/film/news/costume-designer-patricia-norris-dies-dead-scarface-at-83-1201446183/) , variety.com; accessed March 4, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Patricia Norris (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0635876/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) ^ a b "Patricia Norris Courted Oscar Six Times Over." Variety. March 10, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Production Designer/Costume Designer Patricia Norris to Receive Lifetime Achievement Award From Art Directors Guild" (http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/Production-Designer-Costume-Designer-Patricia-Norris-Receive-Lifetime-Achievement-Award-1357982.htm) . Weissman/Markovitz Communications . Marketwired (/wiki/Marketwired) . November 22, 2010 . Retrieved November 3, 2013 . Awards for Patricia Norris v t e Art Directors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award (/wiki/Art_Directors_Guild_Lifetime_Achievement_Award) 1996—2014 Robert F. Boyle (/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle) Henry Bumstead (/wiki/Henry_Bumstead) Harold Michelson (/wiki/Harold_Michelson) Jan Scott (/wiki/Jan_Scott) Albert Brenner (/wiki/Albert_Brenner) Sir Ken Adam (/wiki/Ken_Adam) William J. Creber (/wiki/William_J._Creber) John B. Mansbridge (/wiki/John_B._Mansbridge) Dean Tavoularis (/wiki/Dean_Tavoularis) Stuart Craig (/wiki/Stuart_Craig) Paul Sylbert (/wiki/Paul_Sylbert) Terence Marsh (/wiki/Terence_Marsh) Patricia Norris Tony Walton (/wiki/Tony_Walton) Herman Zimmerman (/wiki/Herman_F._Zimmerman) Camille Abbott (/wiki/Camille_Abbott) Jim Bissell (/wiki/James_D._Bissell) John P. Bruce Rick Carter (/wiki/Rick_Carter) Will Ferrell 2015—2020 Bill Anderson Harrison Ellenshaw (/wiki/Harrison_Ellenshaw) Patrizia Von Brandenstein (/wiki/Patrizia_von_Brandenstein) Cate Bangs Albert Obregon Joseph Musso Rene Lagler William J. Newmon II James J. Murakami (/wiki/James_J._Murakami) John Moffitt Marty Kline Norm Newberry Joe Alves (/wiki/Joe_Alves) Denis Olsen Stephen Berger Jack Johnson John Eaves (/wiki/John_Eaves) Patrick DeGreve Martha Johnson Stuart Wurtzel (/wiki/Stuart_Wurtzel) v t e Art Directors Guild Hall of Fame (/wiki/Art_Directors_Guild_Hall_of_Fame) (2010s) 2010 Malcolm F. Brown (/wiki/Malcolm_Brown_(art_director)) Bob Keene Ferdinando Scarfiotti (/wiki/Ferdinando_Scarfiotti) 2011 Alexander Golitzen (/wiki/Alexander_Golitzen) (Golitsyn) Albert Heschong (/wiki/Albert_Heschong) Eugène Lourié (/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Louri%C3%A9) 2012 Robert F. Boyle (/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle) William S. Darling (/wiki/William_S._Darling) Alfred Junge (/wiki/Alfred_Junge) 2013 E. Preston Ames (/wiki/E._Preston_Ames) Richard Macdonald (/wiki/Richard_Macdonald) Edward S. Stephenson 2014 Robert Clatworthy (/wiki/Robert_Clatworthy_(art_director)) Harper Goff (/wiki/Harper_Goff) J. Michael Riva (/wiki/J._Michael_Riva) 2015 John Gabriel Beckman Charles Lisanby (/wiki/Charles_Lisanby) Walter H. Tyler (/wiki/Walter_H._Tyler) 2016 Carmen Dillon (/wiki/Carmen_Dillon) Patricia Norris Dorothea Holt Redmond (/wiki/Dorothea_Holt_Redmond) Dianne Wager (/wiki/Dianne_Wager) 2017 Gene Allen (/wiki/Gene_Allen_(art_director)) 2019 Ben Carré (/wiki/Ben_Carr%C3%A9) Anthony Masters (/wiki/Anthony_Masters) Complete list (/wiki/Art_Directors_Guild_Hall_of_Fame) 2000s (/wiki/Template:Art_Directors_Guild_Hall_of_Fame_(2000s)) 2010s (/wiki/Template:Art_Directors_Guild_Hall_of_Fame_(2010s)) 2020s (/wiki/Template:Art_Directors_Guild_Hall_of_Fame_(2020s)) v t e Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Period Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Period_Film) Film (1998) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (1998) Period or Fantasy (1999–2004) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (1999) Rita Ryack (/wiki/Rita_Ryack) (2000) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (2001) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2002) Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) (2003) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2004) Period (2005–present) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2005) Yee Chung-man (/wiki/Yee_Chung-man) (2006) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2007) Michael O'Connor (/wiki/Michael_O%27Connor_(costume_designer)) (2008) Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) (2009) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2010) Arianne Phillips (/wiki/Arianne_Phillips) (2011) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2012) Patricia Norris (2013) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (2014) Paco Delgado (/wiki/Paco_Delgado) (2015) Renee Ehrlich Kalfus (2016) Luis Sequeira (/wiki/Luis_Sequeira) (2017) Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) (2018) Mayes C. Rubeo (/wiki/Mayes_C._Rubeo) (2019) Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) (2020) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2021) Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) (2022) Holly Waddington (/wiki/Holly_Waddington) (2023) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/000000005304063X) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/37991970) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8tQVYvhQ8kvx3mbkFKd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/129211745) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007402176405171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97028718) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐bbd8l Cached time: 20240712184049 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.345 seconds Real time usage: 0.462 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2267/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61320/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 20111/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38712/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.221/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6370864/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 420.463 1 -total 29.89% 125.664 1 Template:Infobox_person 23.75% 99.877 1 Template:Reflist 22.02% 92.567 1 Template:Navboxes 18.86% 79.304 3 Template:Navbox 17.69% 74.363 1 Template:Art_Directors_Guild_Lifetime_Achievement_Award 16.56% 69.610 1 Template:Cite_web 14.25% 59.915 1 Template:Short_description 10.46% 43.969 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.83% 32.933 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31180567-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712184049 and revision id 1217655573. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Norris&oldid=1217655573 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Norris&oldid=1217655573) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1931 births (/wiki/Category:1931_births) 2015 deaths (/wiki/Category:2015_deaths) American costume designers (/wiki/Category:American_costume_designers) American production designers (/wiki/Category:American_production_designers) Primetime Emmy Award winners (/wiki/Category:Primetime_Emmy_Award_winners) American women costume designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_costume_designers) Women production designers (/wiki/Category:Women_production_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Use mdy dates from November 2014 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2014) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_Entities_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with J9U identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Place of birth missing (/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing)
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British ready-to-wear fashion label Susan Small was a British ready-to-wear fashion label, best known for their party dresses and evening wear. Their colourful printed evening dresses often combined "contrasting elements of exotic prints on simple shapes or traditional fabrics". [1] (#cite_note-GG-1) Susan Small was founded by Leslie Carr Jones in the early 1940s. In 1943, Maureen Baker (/wiki/Maureen_Baker_(fashion_designer)) joined as head designer, and stayed in that role until the company closed and she started Maureen Baker Designs in 1978. [2] (#cite_note-VFG-2) In 1947, Susan Small joined forces with other fashion design companies including Horrockses (/wiki/Horrockses) and Polly Peck (/wiki/Polly_Peck) to form the Model House Group, in order to be able to attract more buyers to larger shows. In 1950, their advertising featured the slogan, "To the smaller smart woman ... it's a Susan Small world!" [1] (#cite_note-GG-1) In 1953, Brian Duffy (/wiki/Brian_Duffy_(photographer)) , later to find fame as a photographer and film producer, joined as an assistant designer, having studied dress design at Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) . [3] (#cite_note-Duffy-3) In 1958, Model House Group became the Fashion House Group in 1958, headed by Carr Jones. [2] (#cite_note-VFG-2) In the 1970s they were bought by Courtaulds (/wiki/Courtaulds) . [2] (#cite_note-VFG-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b gracesguide.co.uk: Susan Small (http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Susan_Small) , accessdate: 17/08/2014 ^ a b c : Vintage Fashion Guild : Label Resource : Small, Susan (http://vintagefashionguild.org/label-resource/small-susan/) , accessdate: 17/08/2014 ^ (#cite_ref-Duffy_3-0) duffyphotographer.com: Biography (http://www.duffyphotographer.com/biography.html) , accessdate: 17/08/2014 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐784d958b48‐zblcc Cached time: 20240626152430 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.136 seconds Real time usage: 0.270 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 445/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2724/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 884/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2695/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.045/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1371759/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 172.985 1 -total 62.83% 108.687 1 Template:Short_description 35.42% 61.265 2 Template:Pagetype 16.82% 29.102 4 Template:Main_other 15.93% 27.548 1 Template:Reflist 14.63% 25.313 1 Template:SDcat 12.88% 22.275 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 10.26% 17.748 2 Template:DMCA 7.96% 13.763 2 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 5.03% 8.707 2 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43586293-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626152430 and revision id 1201337508. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_Small_(fashion)&oldid=1201337508 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_Small_(fashion)&oldid=1201337508) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies based in London (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_based_in_London) Companies established in the 1940s (/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_the_1940s) Clothing companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom) Clothing companies of England (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_England) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from September 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2019) Use British English from September 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_September_2019)
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Nettement Chic (English: Definitely Chic ) is an online shopping guide established in January 2012 by Kate Davis Huet, a British ex-lawyer. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Davis created the online boutique to address the lack of French online shopping websites. [3] (#cite_note-3) The website is based in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) and offers both French and English language versions. Subscription is free. Nettement Chic features a selection of online fashion, beauty and interior design shops, including L’Exception, my-wardrobe, Net-a-Porter and Mr Porter (/wiki/Net-a-Porter) , Vestiaire Collective, Caratime and The Beautyst. [4] (#cite_note-4) The site makes a themed weekly ‘Chic of the week’ selection from featured sites, as well as a ‘Look of the week’ put together by personal shopper Lara Le Joncour. It also features offers from partner websites, weekly newsletters and competitions. [5] (#cite_note-5) According to Madame Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) , the site is "an indispensable platform to find your way through the jungle that is the net". [6] (#cite_note-6) In December 2012 Nettement Chic held a pop-up store on 16 rue Saint Roch in the 1st arrondissement (/wiki/1st_arrondissement_of_Paris) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Par Raphaëlle Orsini le 16 avril 2013 à 09h30. "Nettement Chic - Les nouveaux e-shops pour modeuses - Grazia" (http://www.grazia.fr/mode/shopping/galeries/les-nouveaux-e-shops-pour-modeuses-boutique-en-ligne-e-commerce-546735/%28offset%29/1/nettement-chic) (in French). Grazia.fr . Retrieved 2013-06-17 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Anne (2013-05-30). "Kate Davis, Nettement Chic & Geek | Chic & Geek" (http://chicandgeek.com/2013/05/30/kate-davis-nettement-chic-geek/) . Chicandgeek.com . Retrieved 2013-06-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Paris Insider: Kate Davis, Nettement Chic" (http://tresorparisien.com/2013/12/a-coffee-with-kate/) . TresorParisien . 2013-12-05 . Retrieved 2020-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Les meilleurs sites de e-shopping 100% hommes - Loisirs - Elle" (http://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Special/L-homme-2013-explique-aux-filles/Leurs-tentations-mode/Les-meilleurs-sites-de-e-shopping-100-hommes) . Elle.fr. 2013-03-19 . Retrieved 2013-06-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Online shopping - Clothes, shoes, fashion online" (http://www.nettementchic.com/en/) . Nettement Chic . Retrieved 2013-06-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Sacs, chaussures, bijoux... Les coups de cœur des expertes fashion du Net - Les pépites des pros du Web - Style - Le Figaro - Madame" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/pepites-pros-web-201112-305696) . Madame.lefigaro.fr. 20 November 2012 . Retrieved 2013-06-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) http://www.marieclaire.fr/,nettement-chic-ouvre-un-pop-up-store-pour-les-fetes,20314,677828.asp (http://www.marieclaire.fr/,nettement-chic-ouvre-un-pop-up-store-pour-les-fetes,20314,677828.asp) article marieclaire.fr ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Guide online des meilleurs e-shops mode, beauté, déco, NettementChic.com ouvre sa boutique éphémère à Paris - Nettement fashion - Style - Le Figaro - Madame" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/nettement-fashion-041212-307954) . Madame.lefigaro.fr. 4 December 2012 . Retrieved 2013-06-17 . External links [ edit ] Netttement Chic website (http://www.nettementchic.com/en/) Frenchweb.fr profile of business (in French) (http://frenchweb.fr/atelier-numerique-bfm-business-la-chronique-start-up-de-frenchweb-30-nettement-chic-61976/65244) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Garment Quarter Industry fashion (/wiki/Fashion) clothing retailer (/wiki/Clothing_retailer) Founded 2010 Founder John Reid Christopher Atkinson Michael Barker Headquarters Bristol, England (/wiki/Bristol,_England) Garment Quarter is an independent designer fashion boutique that was founded in Bristol (/wiki/Bristol) , England in 2010 by John Reid, Christopher Atkinson and Michael Barker. The shop was recently acquired by Teesside entrepreneur Howard Eggleston. The acquisition brought a relocation of the store and head offices to Merchant Street, Bristol. The name Garment Quarter stems from New York's (/wiki/New_York_City) Garment District (/wiki/Garment_District,_New_York_City) and the founders roots in Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) 's Northern Quarter (/wiki/Northern_Quarter_(Manchester)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Designed in Manchester, the contemporary architecture of the store was based on a cocoon with monochrome shards framed by contrasting pine wood with products 'floating' on a unique wiring system. In 2011, Garment Quarter won 'Best New Business' at the Drapers (/wiki/Drapers_(magazine)) 's Fashion Awards and has been included in the top shopping destination guides for The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , The Times (/wiki/The_Times) and British Airways (/wiki/British_Airways) Executive Club. Garment Quarter continues to have strong relationships with designers Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , [2] (#cite_note-2) Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) and Comme des Garcons (/wiki/Comme_des_Garcons) . In 2014 Garment Quarter supported London Collections: MEN (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week#London_Fashion_Week_Men's) designers KTZ and Sibling London. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2015 the Bristol store was ram raided (/wiki/Ram-raiding) for a second time. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2016, Garment Quarter won 'Bristol's Best Fashion Retailer' at the Bristol Lifestyle Awards thanks to a public vote. The award was presented by model Chloe-Jasmine (/wiki/Chloe_Jasmine) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "About Us" (http://www.garmentquarter.com/aboutgarmentquarter) . Garment Quarter . Retrieved 3 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "New Store on the Block" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151208110328/http://www.architecturem.co.uk/news/Entries/2010/11/12_Garment_Quarter_-_Drapers_feature.html) . Drapers Magazine. Archived from the original (http://www.architecturem.co.uk/news/Entries/2010/11/12_Garment_Quarter_-_Drapers_feature.html) on 8 December 2015 . Retrieved 3 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Garment Quarter SS14" (http://www.laststyleofdefense.com/2014/03/garment-quarter-ss14.html) . Last Style of Defense . Retrieved 3 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Bristol Garment Quarter shop ram-raided for second time" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-33253266) . BBC. 24 June 2015 . Retrieved 29 September 2019 . 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Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2005 Status Active Genre Fashion show Date(s) November 9, 2005 ( 2005-11-09 ) Frequency Annually Venue 69th Regiment Armory (/wiki/69th_Regiment_Armory) Location(s) New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Inaugurated August 1, 1995 ( 1995-08-01 ) Previous event 2003 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2003) Next event 2006 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2006) Member Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Website Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (https://www.victoriassecret.com/fashion-show) The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) , Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) , Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) , Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) , Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) , and Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) . The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2005 was recorded in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States (/wiki/United_States) at the 69th Regiment Armory (/wiki/69th_Regiment_Armory) . The show featured musical performances by Chris Botti (/wiki/Chris_Botti) , Seal (/wiki/Seal_(musician)) , and Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) . Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Sexy Splendor Fantasy Bra worth $12,500,000. Dates Locations Broadcaster Viewers (millions) Performers November 9, 2005 (recorded); December 6, 2005 New York, United States (/wiki/New_York_City) CBS 8.9 Chris Botti (/wiki/Chris_Botti) , Seal (/wiki/Seal_(musician)) , and Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) Fashion Show segments [ edit ] Segment 1: Sexy Santa Helpers [ edit ] Performer Song Status • Bodyrockers (/wiki/Bodyrockers) I Like the Way Remixed Recording Jaydee (/wiki/Jaydee) Plastic Dreams Remixed Recording Peaches (/wiki/Peaches_(musician)) AA XXX Remixed Recording • Andre Previn (/wiki/Andre_Previn) Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake Ballet (Dance of the Cygnets) Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Gisele Bundchen (/wiki/Gisele_Bundchen) W 1999–2003 • 2005-2006 2 Angel (2000-2007) Wearing "Sexy Splendor Fantasy Bra" (Value: $12,500,000) Czech (/wiki/Czech_people) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) 2000–2008 • 2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Raquel Zimmermann (/wiki/Raquel_Zimmermann) 2002 • 2005–2006 Comeback Italian (/wiki/Italians) Bianca Balti (/wiki/Bianca_Balti) 2005 Newcomer Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) W 2002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) 2005–2016 3 Angel (2005–2008) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 Newcomer Segment 2: Sexy Shadow Dreams [ edit ] Performer Song Status Audio Bullys (/wiki/Audio_Bullys) Shot You Down Remixed Recording Henry Mancini (/wiki/Henry_Mancini) Lujon Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes American (/wiki/Americans) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) W 1996–2003 • 2005 1 Angel (1997–2005) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Fernanda Tavares (/wiki/Fernanda_Tavares) 2000–2003 • 2005 American (/wiki/Americans) Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) 2000 • 2003 • 2005–2008 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Russian (/wiki/Russians) Tatiana Kovylina (/wiki/Tatiana_Kovylina) W 2005 • 2009 Newcomer Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) 2005–2006 • 2009 French (/wiki/French_people) Morgane Dubled (/wiki/Morgane_Dubled) 2005–2008 Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Andi Muise (https://i0.wp.com/www.supermodel.pictures/wp-content/gallery/vsfs/2005/Runway/2SexyShadowDreams/AndiMuise/supermodel.pictures-vsfs2005-1065.jpg?ssl=1) 2005–2007 British (/wiki/British_people) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) 1996–1998 • 2002–2003 • 2005 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) 2003 • 2005 • 2007–2010 • 2012 • 2014 Segment 3: Sexy Crystal Princesses [ edit ] Performer Song Status Seal (/wiki/Seal_(musician)) Love's Divine Live Performance Crazy Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes German (/wiki/Germans) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) W 1997–2003 • 2005 • 2007–2009 1 Angel (1999–2010) Russian (/wiki/Russians) Eugenia Volodina (/wiki/Eugenia_Volodina) 2002–2003 • 2005 • 2007 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) 2005–2011 Newcomer Russian (/wiki/Russians) Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) 2005–2006 German (/wiki/Germans) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) 2005–2011 Latvia (/wiki/Latvian_people) Ingūna Butāne (/wiki/Ing%C5%ABna_But%C4%81ne) 2005 • 2007–2008 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) 1999–2003 • 2005–2006 2 Angel (2000–2007) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Yfke Sturm (/wiki/Yfke_Sturm) 2002 • 2005 Montenegrin (/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro) Marija Vujović (/wiki/Marija_Vujovi%C4%87) 2005 • 2007 Newcomer Czech (/wiki/Czech_people) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) W 2000–2008 • 2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Raquel Zimmermann (/wiki/Raquel_Zimmermann) 2002 • 2005–2006 Nigerian (/wiki/Nigerians) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) 2000 • 2002–2003 • 2005–2007 Segment 4: Sexy Delicious [ edit ] This segment was swapped in order of appearance with the fifth segment, Sexy Russian Babes, in the edited TV version. Performer Song Status Aaron Carter (/wiki/Aaron_Carter) " I Want Candy (/wiki/I_Want_Candy) " Remixed Recording Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Pon de Replay Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Italian (/wiki/Italians) Bianca Balti (/wiki/Bianca_Balti) 2005 Newcomer Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) W 2000–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) French (/wiki/French_people) Morgane Dubled (/wiki/Morgane_Dubled) 2005–2008 Newcomer Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 Caymanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) 2005–2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) W 2005–2016 3 Angel (2005–2008) Segment 5: Sexy Russian Babes [ edit ] This segment was swapped in order of appearance with the fourth segment, Sexy Delicious, in the edited TV version. Performer Song Status Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) feat. Pharrell (/wiki/Pharrell) Drop It Like It's Hot Remixed Recording Paul Mauriat (/wiki/Paul_Mauriat) Plaine, ma plaine Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Russian (/wiki/Russians) Eugenia Volodina (/wiki/Eugenia_Volodina) 2002–2003 • 2005 • 2007 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) 2005–2011 Newcomer Russian (/wiki/Russians) Tatiana Kovylina (/wiki/Tatiana_Kovylina) 2005 • 2009 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) W 2005–2006 • 2009 Canadian (/wiki/Canadians) Andi Muise (/w/index.php?title=Andi_Muise&action=edit&redlink=1) 2005–2007 Americans (/wiki/Americans) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) 1996–2003 • 2005 1 Angel (1997–2005) Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) 2000 • 2003 • 2005–2008 German (/wiki/Germans) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) 2005–2011 Newcomer Russian (/wiki/Russians) Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) W 2005–2006 Latvian (/wiki/Latvian_people) Ingūna Butāne (/wiki/Ing%C5%ABna_But%C4%81ne) 2005 • 2007–2008 German (/wiki/Germans) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) 1997–2003 • 2005 • 2007–2009 1 Angel (1999–2010) Special Performance [ edit ] Performer Song Status Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) Drop It On Me Live Performance Segment 6: Sexy Toys [ edit ] Performer Song Status Teairra Mari (/wiki/Teairra_Mari) La La Remixed Recording Basement Jaxx (/wiki/Basement_Jaxx) Good Luck Remixed Recording Jet (/wiki/Jet_(Australian_band)) Are You Gonna Be My Girl Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes Czech (/wiki/Czech_people) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) 2000–2002 • 2005–2008 • 2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) 1999–2003 • 2005–2006 2 Angel (2000–2007) British (/wiki/British_people) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) W 1996–1998 • 2002–2003 • 2005 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Fernanda Tavares (/wiki/Fernanda_Tavares) 2000–2003 • 2005 Montenegrin (/wiki/Montenegrins) Marija Vujović (/wiki/Marija_Vujovi%C4%87) 2005 • 2007 Newcomer Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) 2003 • 2005 • 2007–2010 • 2012 • 2014 Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) 2002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 Caymanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) 2005–2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Nigerian (/wiki/Nigerians) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) 2000 • 2002–2003 • 2005–2007 Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) W 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) American (/wiki/Americans) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) 1996–2003 • 2005 1 Angel (1997–2005) • Last Walk Finale [ edit ] Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) led the finale. Performer Song Status • Bodyrockers (/wiki/Bodyrockers) I Like the Way Remixed Recording Aaron Carter (/wiki/Aaron_Carter) I Want Candy Remixed Recording Nationality Model(s) Wings Runway shows Notes American (/wiki/Americans) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) 1996–2003 • 2005 1 Angel (1997–2005) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) 1999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 2 Angel (2000–2018) Czech (/wiki/Czech_people) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) 2000–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) 1999–2003 • 2005–2006 2 Angel (2000–2007) German (/wiki/Germans) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) 1997–2003 • 2005 • 2007–2009 1 Angel (1999–2010) British (/wiki/British_people) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) 1996–1998 • 2002–2003 • 2005 American (/wiki/Americans) Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) 2000 • 2003 • 2005–2008 Caymanian (/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Cayman_Islands) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) 2005–2010 3 Angel (2005–2009) Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Raquel Zimmermann (/wiki/Raquel_Zimmermann) 2002 • 2005–2006 Montenegrin (/wiki/Montenegrins) Marija Vujović (/wiki/Marija_Vujovi%C4%87) 2005 • 2007 Newcomer French (/wiki/French_people) Morgane Dubled (/wiki/Morgane_Dubled) 2005–2008 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) 2005–2006 • 2009 Newcomer Russian (/wiki/Russians) Eugenia Volodina (/wiki/Eugenia_Volodina) W 2002–2003 • 2005 • 2007 Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) Caroline Winberg (/wiki/Caroline_Winberg) 2005–2011 Newcomer Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Fernanda Tavares (/wiki/Fernanda_Tavares) 2000–2003 • 2005 Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) 2002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 Nigerian (/wiki/Nigerians) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) 2000 • 2002–2003 • 2005–2007 Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Yfke Sturm (/wiki/Yfke_Sturm) 2002 • 2005 Russian (/wiki/Russians) Tatiana Kovylina (/wiki/Tatiana_Kovylina) 2005 • 2009 Newcomer Canadian (/wiki/Canadian_people) Andi Muise (/w/index.php?title=Andi_Muise&action=edit&redlink=1) 2005–2007 German (/wiki/Germans) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) 2005–2011 Latvian (/wiki/Latvian_people) Ingūna Butāne (/wiki/Ing%C5%ABna_But%C4%81ne) 2005 • 2007–2008 Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) 2005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014 Russian (/wiki/Russians) Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) 2005–2006 Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) 2003 • 2005 • 2007–2010 • 2012 • 2014 Italian (/wiki/Italians) Bianca Balti (/wiki/Bianca_Balti) 2005 Newcomer Brazilians (/wiki/Brazilians) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) 2005–2016 3 Angel (2005–2008) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) 2000–2003 • 2005–2017 2 Angel (2004–2017) Index [ edit ] Symbol Meaning 1 1st Generation Angels 2 2nd Generation Angels 3 3rd Generation Angels W Wings v t e Victoria's Secret Fashion Shows 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Fashion in Nigeria Lisa Folawiyo (/wiki/Lisa_Folawiyo) wearing one of her fashion designs, 2017 This article is part of a series (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Nigeria) in Culture of Nigeria (/wiki/Culture_of_Nigeria) Society Nigerians (/wiki/Nigerian_people) History (/wiki/History_of_Nigeria) Languages (/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria) Holidays (/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nigeria) Religion (/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria) Topics Architecture (/wiki/Architecture_of_Nigeria) Cinema (/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria) Cuisine (/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine) Festivals (/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Nigeria) Literature (/wiki/Nigerian_literature) Media (/wiki/Media_of_Nigeria) Newspapers (/wiki/Newspapers_in_Nigeria) Television (/wiki/Television_in_Nigeria) Music (/wiki/Music_of_Nigeria) Sports (/wiki/Sport_in_Nigeria) Video gaming (/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Nigeria) Symbols Flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Nigeria) Coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria) Anthem (/wiki/National_anthem_of_Nigeria) Miss Nigeria (/wiki/Miss_Nigeria) World Heritage Sites (/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Nigeria) Religion and folklore Islam (/wiki/Islam_in_Nigeria) Christianity (/wiki/Christianity_in_Nigeria) Judaism (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nigeria) Igbo Jews (/wiki/Igbo_Jews) Irreligion (/wiki/Irreligion_in_Nigeria) Secularism (/wiki/Secularism_in_Nigeria) Folk beliefs (/wiki/Traditional_African_religions) Art Arts (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_art) Igbo-Ukwu (/wiki/Archaeology_of_Igbo-Ukwu) Kingdom of Benin (/wiki/Art_of_the_Kingdom_of_Benin) Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_art) Architecture (/wiki/Architecture_of_Nigeria) Cuisine Jollof rice (/wiki/Jollof_rice) Afang (/wiki/Afang_soup) Abacha (/wiki/Abacha_(food)) Amala (/wiki/Amala_(food)) Eba (/wiki/Eba) Edikang ikong (/wiki/Edikang_ikong) Owo (/wiki/Owo_soup) Pounded yam (/wiki/Pounded_yam) Ukodo (/wiki/Ukodo) Egusi (/wiki/Egusi) Puff-puff (/wiki/Puff-puff) Festivals Igue (/wiki/Igue_festival) Ikeji (/wiki/Ikeji_festival) Imo Awka (/wiki/Imo_Awka_festival) Golibe (/wiki/Golibe_Festival) New Yam Festivals (/wiki/New_Yam_Festivals_in_Nigeria) Olokun (/wiki/Olokun_Festival) Omabe (/wiki/Omabe_Festival) Sango (/wiki/Sango_Festival) Umatu (/wiki/Umatu_festival) Oronna (/wiki/Oronna_Festival) Literature Hausa (/wiki/Hausa_literature) Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_literature) Igbo (/wiki/Igbo_literature) Edo (/wiki/Edo_literature) Efik (/wiki/Efik_literature) Onitsha Market (/wiki/Onitsha_Market_Literature) Third Generation of Nigerian writers (/wiki/Third_Generation_of_Nigerian_writers) Nigeria portal (/wiki/Portal:Nigeria) v t e The fashion industry in Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) plays an important cultural role and contributes significantly to the country's economy. Clothing incorporates a variety of colours, fabrics, and embellishments (often beads). Many of the component cultures of Nigeria wear styles that are characteristic of their tribal society and customs. Nigeria produces fashionable textiles and finished garments and has designers who have achieved international recognition. Traditional garments [ edit ] Yoruba agbada Igbo men wearing isiagu and traditional hat Nigerians usually dress casually because of the hot climate. However, both formal and traditional clothing are also worn. Many African cultures have a characteristic traditional style of dress that is important to their heritage. [1] (#cite_note-1) Traditional garments worn in Nigeria include: The Yoruba men wear agbada (/wiki/Agbada) , which is a formal attire, commonly worn as part of a three-piece set: an open-stitched full gown, a long-sleeved shirt, and sokoto (/wiki/Sokoto) (trousers fitted snugly at the ankle). [2] (#cite_note-World-2) The Hausa (/wiki/Hausa_people) wear Babaringa. The isiagu (/wiki/Isiagu) is a men's pullover shirt similar to a dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) that is worn by many groups in Africa. The traditional attire of Igbo (/wiki/Igbo_people) men includes an isiagu patterned with embroidered lion heads, usually worn with trousers and a traditional striped hat. [2] (#cite_note-World-2) Traditional Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_people) dress uses textiles and fine beads (/wiki/Bead) (Iyun, Akun, Ikan, Segi, Opoto, Eri Eyin and others) to reflect social status and religious affiliation as well as personal identity and taste. Gold, Silver and other jewelry is also worn by Yoruba women. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Edo (/wiki/Edo_people) also traditionally express their status and identity with beads, but also with raffia (/wiki/Raffia) work, anklets, and bangles. Edo men traditionally wear coral beads of two kinds, ekan and ivie, with either suits or traditional robes; traditionally, they wear a white shirt contrasting with brightly striped fabric. [2] (#cite_note-World-2) The gele (/wiki/Head_tie) is a traditional Yoruba woman's head wrapping made of firm material. It may be worn as a fashionable accessory on formal occasions but can also be a daily wear. [2] (#cite_note-World-2) The gele is peered with Iro ati Buba, Komole dress or Asoebi dresses by Yoruba women. Edo women wear a wedding crown called an okuku (/w/index.php?title=Okuku_(wedding)&action=edit&redlink=1) . [2] (#cite_note-World-2) Muslim women in northern Nigeria wear various types of veil (/wiki/Veiling) , including the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , which reveal the face but cover the hair and may cover much of the body. Veiling may take fashionable forms. [4] (#cite_note-4) Nigerian fashion [ edit ] Euromonitor (/wiki/Euromonitor_International) estimated in 2015 that Nigeria accounted for 15% of a $31 billion fashion market in Sub-Saharan Africa (/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa) . The Nigerian fashion industry grew 17% between 2010 and 2019, with events such as Lagos Fashion Week (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) helping to promote it. [5] (#cite_note-State-5) The Covid-19 pandemic (/wiki/Covid-19_pandemic) , which moved fashion shows online, led to more attention to Lagos Fashion Week and other fashion showcases in Africa. [6] (#cite_note-Africa-6) Nigerian fashion has been popularized by the Nigerian edition of the South African magazine Drum (/wiki/Drum_(South_African_magazine)) , which was launched in Lagos in 1958 and featured images of the "new" Nigerians. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In the late 20th century, several editions of the Dressense Fashion Catalogue were produced by fashion designers in Nigeria, aimed at the upscale market. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) The Fashion Designers Association of Nigeria was established in 1989 by Kola Kuddus to promote Nigerian fashion both domestically and internationally, [8] (#cite_note-8) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Nigeria) has an initiative to support fashion designers. [6] (#cite_note-Africa-6) Designers [ edit ] Ensemble by Duro Olowu (/wiki/Duro_Olowu) , spring-summer 2013 Nigeria has produced many fashion designers. Shade Thomas (/wiki/Shade_Thomas-Fahm) (later Thomas-Fahm) became Nigeria's first widely recognized fashion designer. After studying fashion design in England in the 1950s, prior to Nigerian independence, she set up a shop at the Federal Palace Hotel (/wiki/Federal_Palace_Hotel) in Lagos (/wiki/Lagos) and a garment factory at the Yaba Industrial Estate. Specializing in simple designs using locally woven and dyed textiles, she became locally and internationally known in the 1960s and 1970s. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Fadipe Adedamola Olaniyi is CEO of Hoodies and Stones Clothing (/wiki/Hoodies_and_Stones_Clothing) , which promotes African culture through its products. [9] (#cite_note-9) Duro Olowu (/wiki/Duro_Olowu) is a Nigerian women's wear designer with Jamaican (/wiki/Jamaica) roots who launched his own label in the 2000s. [10] (#cite_note-Best-10) Lisa Folawiyo (/wiki/Lisa_Folawiyo) uses traditional West African fabrics to produce modern tailored designs. She launched her label, Jewel by Lisa, in 2005e. [10] (#cite_note-Best-10) She also produces custom luxury prints and accessories, such as jewelry and purses. Line J Label, her diffusion line, showcases urban fashion (/wiki/Urban_fashion) with Afropop (/wiki/Afropop) influences. [11] (#cite_note-11) Philip Ojire launched his urban fashion label Freak Vault Clothing (/wiki/Freak_Vault_Clothing) , formerly Shirt Freak, in 2017. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Omotoso Oluwabukunmi runs tWIF Clothing (/wiki/TWIF_Clothing) ; [14] (#cite_note-14) the name is an acronym of The Way It Fits. Launched in 2012, the company produces branded apparel for businesses and other organizations, as well as own-brand menswear including shirts, pants, suits, and native attire. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Kenneth Ize (/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Ize&action=edit&redlink=1) , a menswear designer who grew up in Austria, [17] (#cite_note-17) won the Fashion Focus prize and was one of the first Nigerian designers to have his clothes sold at Browns (/wiki/Browns_(fashion_boutique)) in London. [5] (#cite_note-State-5) Tolu Coker (/w/index.php?title=Tolu_Coker&action=edit&redlink=1) , a British designer, pays ha lote in her fashion designs to her Yoruba heritage from her parents. [6] (#cite_note-Africa-6) [18] (#cite_note-18) Evans Akere (/wiki/Evans_Akere) is a Nigerian fashion designer [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-bbcpidgin-20) [21] (#cite_note-vang-21) and the founder of the luxury menswear brand called Vanskere (/wiki/Vanskere) , [20] (#cite_note-bbcpidgin-20) [22] (#cite_note-22) a distinguished Nigerian luxury fashion brand that specializes in ready-to-wear urban African attire. Evolution of Nigerian Fashion [ edit ] The rich cultural diversity in Nigerian society has a huge influence on the Nigerian fashion world, with the various elements of the varying ethnic groups showcasing their unique designs and customs even in the modern-day world. Nigerian fashion goes beyond the display of beautiful designs to the portrayal of cultural and symbolic importance with the incorporation of some indigenous textiles such as the adire (/wiki/Adire_(textile_art)) , aso oke (/wiki/Aso_oke) , and ankara (/wiki/African_wax_prints) prints. [23] (#cite_note-23) Although there have been a lot of changes in the Nigerian fashion world, there is still a retention of its unique beauty and originality. Fashion in the 1960s was characterized by women dressing in both fitted and oversized attires as well as mini skirts and dresses with simple local hairstyles and Afros (/wiki/Afro) . While the men wore bright-coloured shirts in different patterns and marched with tight skinny pants. The 1970s were characterized by baggy-sleeved buba worn on wrappers tied a little above the knees to the mid-thighs called Oleku for women, and men wore agbada and danshiki (/wiki/Dashiki) outfits with both gender jerry curls and permed hair. The 1980s had women wearing maxi skirts and men oversized suits with huge permed hair. The fashion trend started to experience a significant change in the 1990s with the influence of America with miniskirts and scousers and native boubous for women. Men also had a difference in the trouser fashion with narrower hems and loosely fitted around the hip and waist region. [24] (#cite_note-24) Currently, Nigerian fashion continues to change and evolve with the incorporation of traditional fabrics and bold, colourful designs to make different styles. Nigerian streetwear has gained global recognition on the world of fashion stage, with the likes of Kenneth Ize [25] (#cite_note-25) being chosen as one of the finalists for the LVMP Prize for emerging fashion designers. [26] (#cite_note-26) Another prominent Nigerian designer is Amaka Osakwe, founder of the Maki Oh, whose design was worn by the then-first lady of the United States Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) . [27] (#cite_note-27) See also [ edit ] Adire (textile art) (/wiki/Adire_(textile_art)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Victoria, Rovine (2010). "Fashion in African Dress" (https://www-bloomsburyfashioncentral-com.mimas.calstatela.edu/products/berg-fashion-library/encyclopedia/berg-encyclopedia-of-world-dress-and-fashion-africa/fashion-in-african-dress) . Berg Publishers : 62–67 – via Berg Fashion Library. ^ a b c d e "Traditional Nigerian Clothing" (https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/traditional-nigerian-clothing.html) . WorldAtlas . Retrieved 2 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Abiodun, Rowland (2010). "Yoruba in Nigeria and Diaspora" (https://www-bloomsburyfashioncentral-com.mimas.calstatela.edu/products/berg-fashion-library/encyclopedia/berg-encyclopedia-of-world-dress-and-fashion-africa/yoruba-in-nigeria-and-diaspora) . Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion: Africa : 297–304 – via Bloomsbury Fashion Central. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Renne, Elisha (2010). "Hijab Fashions in Northern Nigeria" (http://dx.doi.org.mimas.calstatela.edu/10.2752/BEWDF/EDch10720) . Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion: Global Perspectives . Oxford: Berg. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/BEWDF/EDch10720 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2FBEWDF%2FEDch10720) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847888594 – via Bloomsbury Fashion Central. ^ a b Akinsola, Wunmi (18 November 2022) [11 June 2019]. "The state of Nigeria's Fashion Industry" (https://www.stearsng.com/article/the-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry) . Stears . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ^ a b c Chibelushi, Wedaeli (2 March 2024). "How luxury African fashion has wowed Europe's catwalks" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68283975) . BBC News. ^ a b c Denzer, LaRay (2010). "The Nigerian Fashion Scene". Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion . Vol. 6: West Africa. Oxford: Berg. pp. 331–336. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/BEWDF/EDch1050 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2FBEWDF%2FEDch1050) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847888501 – via Bloomsbury Fashion Central. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Fashion Designers Association of Nigeria" (https://hautefashionafrica.com/institution/fashion-designers-association-of-nigeria/) . Haute Fashion Africa . Retrieved 2 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Five leading clothing brand that supports African culture" (https://tribuneonlineng.com/five-leading-clothing-brand-that-supports-african-culture/) . tribuneonline . 15 March 2021 . Retrieved 21 June 2023 . [ dead link ] ^ a b Gachanja, Nelly (6 April 2019). "10 Best Nigerian Fashion Designers" (https://africa.com/top-10-nigerian-fashion-designers/) . Africa.com . Retrieved 2 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Lisa Folawiyo" (https://hautefashionafrica.com/designer/lisa-folawiyo/) . Haute Fashion Africa . Retrieved 2 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Top 5 Nigerian-based urban fashion brand" (https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/top-5-nigerian-based-urban-fashion-brand/) . Guardian . Nigeria. 10 December 2021 . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Mercy Johnson, Juliet Ibrahim, Iyabo Ojo leads Philip Ojire's Shirt freak 2021 summer shirt dress collections" (https://www.newtelegraphng.com/mercy-johnson-juliet-ibrahim-iyabo-ojo-leads-philip-ojires-shirt-freak-2021-summer-shirt-dress-collections/) . New Telegraph . 1 June 2021 . Retrieved 16 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Helping people look good makes me happy – Omotoso" (https://punchng.com/helping-people-look-good-makes-me-happy-omotoso/) . Punch (interview). Nigeria. 19 July 2020 . Retrieved 16 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Mike Edwards wins the 2020 AMVCA for best dressed wearing tWIF Clothing" (https://tribuneonlineng.com/mike-edwards-wins-the-2020-amvca-for-best-dressed-wearing-twif-clothing/) . tribuneonline . 1 June 2021 . Retrieved 16 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Omotoso Oluwabukunmi's TWIF Clothing Line Wardrobe Davido's Musical Video" (https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/03/02/omotoso-oluwabukunmis-twif-clothing-line-wardrobe-davidos-musical-video/) . This Day . 1 May 2020 . Retrieved 16 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Diderich, Joelle (4 January 2023). "With His Label on Hiatus, Kenneth Ize Plots His Next Move" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/with-his-label-on-pause-fashion-designer-kenneth-ize-plots-his-next-move-1235460117/) . WWD . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Benissan, Ezreen (18 September 2023). "Meet London designer Tolu Coker. NewGen's new star?" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/meet-london-designer-tolu-coker-newgens-new-star-fashion-week) . Vogue Business . Retrieved 3 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "About Evans Akere" (https://mbariuno.com/profiles/evans-akere/) . Mbari Uno . 10 July 2018 . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ a b "BBC Interview With Evans Akere" (https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-50943787) . BBC Pidgin . January 2020 . Retrieved 2020-01-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-vang_21-0) "EVANS AKERE: INNOVATING AFRICAN TRADITIONAL WEAR" (https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/evans-akere-innovating-african-traditional-wear/#google_vignette) . VANGUARD ALLURE . Retrieved 2021-10-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "5 Minute With Evans Akere" (https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday-style/20141228/281801397322216/) . Press Reader . Retrieved 2023-12-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Idoko, Nicholas (2023-08-26). "The Role of Culture in Nigerian Fashion Design Industry" (https://professions.ng/culture-role-in-nigerian-fashion-design-industry/) . Professions in Nigeria . Retrieved 2024-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Nigeria, Guardian (2021-10-03). "The Evolution Of Nigerian Fashion Since Independence" (https://guardian.ng/life/the-evolution-of-nigerian-fashion-since-independence/) . The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News . Retrieved 2024-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Odu, Mazzi (2019-07-16). "Kenneth Ize, the LVMH-prize finalist redefining African luxury" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/kenneth-ize-fashion-profile/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2024-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "The History Of Nigerian Fashion" (https://naijaculture.co/blogs/news/the-history-of-nigerian-fashion) . Naija Culture . 2023-04-30 . Retrieved 2024-04-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Williams, Sean (2018-08-28). "The evolution of Nigerian fashion" (https://openskiesmagazine.com/the-evolution-of-nigerian-fashion/) . Open Skies . Retrieved 2024-04-08 . External links [ edit ] Fashion Designers Association of Nigeria (https://web.archive.org/web/20220808101809/https://fadan.ng/) (archived on 8 August 2022) v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology 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Fashion school in Vellimon, India This article is about a Fashion Technology institute in Kollam, India (/wiki/Kollam) . For the city, see Kollam (/wiki/Kollam) . Institute of Fashion Technology Kerala (IFTK) An Institute of Excellence under the aegis of Centre For Continuing Education Kerala (CCEK) Established 4 April 2010 Mission Providing a common platform for fashion education, research and training Focus Fashion Design Principal P. Lakshmana Kanth Owner Government of Kerala (/wiki/Government_of_Kerala) Address Vellimon West PO, Kundara Location Vellimon (/wiki/Vellimon) , Kollam (/wiki/Kollam) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India (/wiki/India) Coordinates 8°57′37″N 76°38′35″E / 8.960303°N 76.643081°E / 8.960303; 76.643081 Website http://www.iftk.ac.in/index.php (http://www.iftk.ac.in/index.php) The Institute of Fashion Technology Kerala or IFTK-Kollam is a fashion technology institute located at Vellimon (/wiki/Vellimon) in Kollam (/wiki/Kollam) , India (/wiki/India) . IFTK-Kollam is first and one of its kind, established by Government of Kerala (/wiki/Government_of_Kerala) with the intention of developing professionals for taking up leadership positions in fashion business in the emerging global scenario. IFTK-Kollam is inaugurated by the then honorable Chief Minister (/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Kerala) Sri.V.S Achuthanandan (/wiki/V._S._Achuthanandan) on 5 April 2010. The academy is in technical collaboration with the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology) , Ministry of Textiles (/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles_(India)) , Government of India (/wiki/Government_of_India) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The Institute aims at providing a common platform for fashion education, research and training. [2] (#cite_note-2) Location [ edit ] The institute is located at the beautiful surroundings of Vellimon (/wiki/Vellimon) in Kollam (/wiki/Kollam) , about 13.5 km away from Kollam (/wiki/Kollam) city centre. Kollam Junction railway station (/wiki/Kollam_Junction_railway_station) – 13.8 km Kollam KSRTC Bus Station (/wiki/Kollam_KSRTC_Bus_Station) – 12.8 km Kollam Port (/wiki/Kollam_Port) – 17.3 km Kollam KSWTD Ferry Terminal (/wiki/Kollam_KSWTD_Ferry_Terminal) – 12.8 km Kundara (/wiki/Kundara) – 4.7 km Paravur (/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam) – 26.5 km Courses [ edit ] Bachelor of Design (B.Des) – Fashion Design (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Design) [3] (#cite_note-3) Facilities [ edit ] Smart classrooms equipped with most modern facilities Industrial Visits Laboratories Resource Center Canteen Hostel facilities References [ edit ] Education portal (/wiki/Portal:Education) India portal (/wiki/Portal:India) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "IFTK phase II activities begin" (http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/iftk-phase-ii-activities-begin/article1467457.ece) . The Hindu . Retrieved 17 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Allow us freedom to implement RTE Act: CM" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151118070022/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article191084.ece) . The New Indian Express . Archived from the original (http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article191084.ece) on 18 November 2015 . Retrieved 17 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Academic" (http://www.iftk.ac.in/index.php/acadamic-new) . www.iftk.ac.in . 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American beauty pageant winner (born 1995) Savannah Gankiewicz Gankiewicz in 2023 Born Savannah Marʻi Gankiewicz ( 1995-11-28 ) November 28, 1995 (age 28) Oahu (/wiki/Oahu) , Hawaii, U.S. Education George Mason University (/wiki/George_Mason_University) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Hawaii USA (/wiki/Miss_Hawaii_USA) 2023 Miss USA 2023 (/wiki/Miss_USA_2023) Major competition(s) Mutya ng Pilipinas 2017 (/wiki/Mutya_ng_Pilipinas_2017) (Mutya ng Pilipinas Overseas Filipino Communities) Miss Hawaii USA 2023 (Winner) Miss USA 2023 (Winner; Assumed) [a] (#cite_note-1) Savannah Marʻi Gankiewicz (born November 28, 1995) is an American model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USA 2023 (/wiki/Miss_USA_2023) . Gankiewicz is the fifth woman from Hawaii to be crowned Miss USA. Previously crowned Miss Hawaii USA (/wiki/Miss_Hawaii_USA) 2023, Gankiewicz placed as the first runner-up at Miss USA, and took over the title after its original winner Noelia Voigt (/wiki/Noelia_Voigt) resigned in May 2024. [1] (#cite_note-Lifestyle.inq-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Gankiewicz was born on November 28, 1995, on Oahu (/wiki/Oahu) to parents Yvienne Tagorda Peterson and Mark Gankiewicz; her mother is from Maui (/wiki/Maui) and of Filipina (/wiki/Filipino_Americans) descent, while her father is of Polish (/wiki/Polish_Americans) and Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans) descent. [1] (#cite_note-Lifestyle.inq-2) [2] (#cite_note-Maui_Now-3) [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) [4] (#cite_note-5) Her mother had a background in pageantry, having been crowned Mrs. Maui and serving as a director for the Miss Maui Filipina pageant. [1] (#cite_note-Lifestyle.inq-2) [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) Gankiewicz spent the first six years of her life with her family on Maui, and later lived between Maui and Stephenson, Virginia (/wiki/Stephenson,_Virginia) , where her father relocated. [5] (#cite_note-Maui_Fires-6) [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) Gankiewicz was educated in Virginia, attending Sherando High School (/wiki/Sherando_High_School) in Frederick County, Virginia (/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia) and George Mason University (/wiki/George_Mason_University) in Fairfax County, Virginia (/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia) . [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) [2] (#cite_note-Maui_Now-3) She later returned to Hawaii at age 21, settling in Kihei, Hawaii (/wiki/Kihei,_Hawaii) on Maui, where she began working as a professional model and a marketing coordinator at The Agency Maui. [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) [5] (#cite_note-Maui_Fires-6) Pageantry [ edit ] Gankiewicz began competing in pageantry due to a desire to improve her public speaking skills and to develop a platform to promote self-love (/wiki/Self-love) to other women, and was encouraged by her mother. [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) Gankiewicz later moved to the Philippines to model and competed in the Filipino beauty pageant Mutya ng Pilipinas 2017 (/wiki/Mutya_ng_Pilipinas_2017) , where she was a finalist and received the title of Mutya ng Pilipinas Overseas Filipino Communities for representing the Filipino-Hawaiian community (/wiki/Filipinos_in_Hawaii) . [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) [1] (#cite_note-Lifestyle.inq-2) [6] (#cite_note-7) Following the pageant, she continued to live in the Philippines to work as a model for over a year. [1] (#cite_note-Lifestyle.inq-2) After a break from pageantry, Gankiewicz registered as a contestant for the Miss Hawaii USA (/wiki/Miss_Hawaii_USA) 2023 pageant in January 2023, competing as Miss Wailea. She went on to win the title on her first attempt, and was also awarded Miss Photogenic. [3] (#cite_note-FilAm_Voice_Maui-4) Aged 27 at the time of her win, Gankiewicz opted to compete in her final year of age eligibility as she had wanted to wait until she felt ready for the responsibilities of being a state titleholder. [2] (#cite_note-Maui_Now-3) With her win, Gankiewicz became the first woman from Maui (/wiki/Maui) to be crowned Miss Hawaii USA in over 20 years. [2] (#cite_note-Maui_Now-3) [1] (#cite_note-Lifestyle.inq-2) [7] (#cite_note-8) Miss USA 2023 [ edit ] Main article: Miss USA 2023 (/wiki/Miss_USA_2023) As Miss Hawaii USA, Gankiewicz became a contestant for Miss USA 2023, representing Hawaii. The competition was held on September 29, 2023, in Reno, Nevada (/wiki/Reno,_Nevada) and aired on The CW (/wiki/The_CW) . [8] (#cite_note-9) [9] (#cite_note-10) During the state costume portion of the pageant, Gankiewicz wore a costume paying tribute to the victims of the 2023 wildfire (/wiki/2023_Hawaii_wildfires) in Lahaina, Hawaii (/wiki/Lahaina,_Hawaii) on her home island of Maui, for which she won the Best State Costume award. [10] (#cite_note-11) [11] (#cite_note-Hawaii_News_Now_2-12) [5] (#cite_note-Maui_Fires-6) Gankiewicz ultimately placed as the first runner-up in the competition, behind winner Noelia Voigt (/wiki/Noelia_Voigt) of Utah (/wiki/Miss_Utah_USA) , and additionally won the Best in Interview award. [12] (#cite_note-:2-13) [13] (#cite_note-:7-14) [14] (#cite_note-:52-15) [15] (#cite_note-16) [16] (#cite_note-Successor-17) Gankiewicz later crowned Breea Yamat as her successor at the Miss Hawaii USA 2024 pageant in April 2024. [16] (#cite_note-Successor-17) In May 2024, Voigt announced that she was resigning her title as Miss USA, citing her struggles with mental health (/wiki/Mental_health) . [17] (#cite_note-18) [18] (#cite_note-19) [19] (#cite_note-20) Later that day, it was reported in the Hawaiian media that Gankiewicz had been asked to take over the Miss USA title. [20] (#cite_note-21) [21] (#cite_note-22) Due to pageant protocol, the first runner-up is asked to step in to fulfill the duties of Miss USA should the winner be unable to, and on May 9, it was announced that Gankiewicz would assume the title of Miss USA 2023. [22] (#cite_note-23) [23] (#cite_note-24) [24] (#cite_note-25) [25] (#cite_note-26) [26] (#cite_note-27) [27] (#cite_note-28) Gankiewicz was later officially crowned as Miss USA 2023 by Josh Green (/wiki/Josh_Green_(politician)) , the governor of Hawaii (/wiki/Governor_of_Hawaii) , in a ceremony held on May 15 in the neighborhood of Waikiki (/wiki/Waikiki) in Honolulu (/wiki/Honolulu) . [28] (#cite_note-29) [29] (#cite_note-30) [30] (#cite_note-31) Following this, she became the fifth woman from Hawaii to be crowned Miss USA. [31] (#cite_note-32) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gankiewicz was originally first runner-up, but became Miss USA after the original titleholder, Noelia Voigt (/wiki/Noelia_Voigt) , resigned the title. References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Agustin, Carl Martin (August 23, 2023). "Miss Hawaii USA Savannah Mar'i Gankiewicz Places Self-Love Above All Else" (https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/472919/miss-hawaii-usa-savannah-mari-gankiewicz-places-self-love-above-all-else/) . Lifestyle.inq . ^ a b c d Osher, Wendy (January 18, 2023). "Maui duo crowned: Savannah Gankiewicz named Miss Hawaii USA, Noelani DeNisi earns Miss Hawaii Teen USA title" (https://mauinow.com/2023/01/18/maui-duo-crowned-savannah-gankiewicz-named-miss-hawaii-usa-noelani-denisi-earns-miss-hawaii-teen-usa-title/) . Maui Now . ^ a b c d e f g h Evangelista, Alfredo G. (February 25, 2023). "Savannah Gankiewicz: A Filipina's Journey as the newly crowned Miss Hawai'i USA" (https://filamvoicemaui.com/savannah-gankiewicz/) . FilAm Voice Maui . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Memories from the best weekend!" (https://www.instagram.com/savannahmarai/p/C0NTbv9BakO/?img_index=1) . Savannah Gankiewicz. November 28, 2023. ^ a b c "Maui native represented Hawaii at Miss USA, winning 1st place for an outfit honoring Lahaina" (https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/video/2023/10/17/maui-native-represented-hawaii-miss-usa-winning-1st-place-an-outfit-honoring-lahaina/) . Hawaii News Now (/wiki/Hawaii_News_Now) . October 16, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Adina, Armin P. (September 30, 2023). "Mutya ng Pilipinas is Miss USA first runner-up" (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/520928/mutya-ng-pilipinas-is-miss-usa-first-runner-up) . Philippine Daily Inquirer (/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Coming home with crowns" (https://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2023/01/coming-home-with-crowns/) . The Maui News (/wiki/The_Maui_News) . January 18, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Konstantinides, Anneta (September 27, 2023). "How you can watch the Miss USA 2023 pageant from home" (https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-watch-miss-usa-pageant-2023-9) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Vulpo, Mike; Sobol, Beth (July 15, 2022). "How the Miss USA 2022 Pageant Will Honor Cheslie Kryst After Her Death" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1338158/how-the-miss-usa-2022-pageant-will-honor-cheslie-kryst-after-her-death) . E! Online (/wiki/E!_Online) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) ʻUfi, Elizabeth (September 29, 2023). "Miss Hawaii USA wins best costume representing Lahaina banyan tree" (https://www.khon2.com/local-news/miss-hawaii-usa-wins-best-costume-representing-lahaina-banyan-tree/) . KHON2 (/wiki/KHON2) . ^ (#cite_ref-Hawaii_News_Now_2_12-0) "Miss Hawaii USA wins on national stage for costume inspired by Lahaina banyan tree" (https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2023/09/29/miss-hawaii-usa-wins-national-stage-costume-inspired-by-lahaina-banyan-tree/) . Hawaii News Now (/wiki/Hawaii_News_Now) . September 28, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-:2_13-0) Rees, Alex (September 30, 2023). "Miss USA 2023: Noelia Voigt of USA wins pageant" (https://www.cnn.com/style/miss-usa-2023-noelia-voigt-utah/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved October 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-:7_14-0) Botelho, Renan (September 30, 2023). "Miss USA 2023: All the Evening Gowns, Swimsuits and Finals Looks" (https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/gallery/miss-usa-2023-photos-1235850212/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved October 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-:52_15-0) "Miss USA 2023 Awards Winners" (https://www.instagram.com/roadtomissusa/?hl=es&img_index=1) . Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . Retrieved September 30, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Rees, Alex (November 10, 2023). "Utah's Noelia Voigt crowned Miss USA 2023" (https://ksltv.com/600852/utahs-noelia-voigt-crowned-miss-usa-2023-2/) . KSL-TV (/wiki/KSL-TV) . ^ a b Lopez, Lucy (April 19, 2024). "Our new Miss Hawaii USA 2024 is…" (https://www.khon2.com/local-news/watch-live-who-will-be-the-new-miss-hawaii-usa/) . KHON2 (/wiki/KHON2) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Jensen, Erin (May 6, 2024). "Miss USA Noelia Voigt makes 'tough decision' to step down. Read her full statement" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2024/05/06/miss-usa-2023-noelia-voigt-resigns/73586925007/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Gore, Leada (May 6, 2024). "Miss USA Noelia Voigt steps down, relinquishes title" (https://www.al.com/news/2024/05/miss-usa-noelia-voigt-steps-down-relinquishes-title.html) . al.com (/wiki/Al.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Wood, Becca (May 6, 2024). "Miss USA 2023 announces she's resigning from title for her mental health: 'This may come as a large shock' (https://www.today.com/popculture/news/miss-usa-2023-resigns-rcna150853) " (https://www.today.com/popculture/news/miss-usa-2023-resigns-rcna150853) . Today (/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) ʻUfi, Elizabeth (May 6, 2024). "Miss Hawaii USA offered Miss USA crown after titleholder stepped down" (https://www.khon2.com/living-808/noelia-voigt-surrenders-her-miss-usa-crown-to-prioritize-mental-health/) . KHON2 (/wiki/KHON2) . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Miss Hawaii Savannah Gankiewicz offered Miss USA title after 2023 winner resigns" (https://www.kitv.com/video/miss-hawaii-savannah-gankiewicz-offered-miss-usa-title-after-2023-winner-resigns/video_549ab019-398f-5e04-8976-2b3463d64df1.html) . KITV (/wiki/KITV) . May 6, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "The Miss USA Organization is thrilled to announce that Miss Hawaii USA Savannah Gankiewicz is Miss USA 2023. She will be crowned in her native state of Hawaii in a celebratory coronation on Wednesday, May 15" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C6weGRcrxvr/) . Miss USA (/wiki/Miss_USA) . May 9, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-24) ʻUfi, Elizabeth (May 9, 2024). "Miss Hawaii USA 2023 to be crowned as Miss USA" (https://www.khon2.com/local-news/miss-hawaii-usa-2023-to-be-crowned-as-miss-usa/) . KHON2 (/wiki/KHON2) . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Miss Hawaii 2023 named Miss USA after current titleholder relinquishes crown" (https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2024/05/09/miss-hawaii-2023-named-miss-usa-after-current-titleholder-relinquishes-crown/) . Hawaii News Now (/wiki/Hawaii_News_Now) . May 9, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Osher, Wendy (May 9, 2024). "Maui's Savannah Gankiewicz to be crowned Miss USA 2023 after titleholder resigns" (https://mauinow.com/2024/05/09/mauis-savannah-gankiewicz-to-be-crowned-miss-usa-2023-after-titleholder-resigns/) . Maui Now . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Konstantinides, Anneta; Grindell, Samantha (May 9, 2024). "Miss Hawaii is taking over as Miss USA following Noelia Voigt's historic resignation" (https://www.businessinsider.com/miss-hawaii-new-miss-usa-after-noelia-voigt-resignation-2024-5) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Miss Hawaii Savannah Gankiewicz Named Miss USA 2023 After Noelia Voigt Resignation: 'I Accept the Crown' (https://people.com/miss-hawaii-savannah-gankiewicz-named-miss-usa-2023-after-noelia-voigt-resignation-8646647) " (https://people.com/miss-hawaii-savannah-gankiewicz-named-miss-usa-2023-after-noelia-voigt-resignation-8646647) . Peoplemag . Retrieved 2024-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Sloop, Hope (May 15, 2024). "Savannah Gankiewicz Is Crowned Miss USA, Says She Didn't Accept Job 'Lightly' After Noelia Voigt's Resignation" (https://www.etonline.com/savannah-gankiewicz-is-crowned-miss-usa-says-she-didnt-accept-job-lightly-after-noelia-voigts) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Palumbo, Jacqui; Choi, Christy (May 15, 2024). "New Miss USA crowned amid ongoing turmoil at pageant" (https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/15/style/new-miss-usa-crowned-hawaii-savannah-gankiewicz/index.html) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Hawaii native Savannah Gankiewicz crowned Miss USA after the previous winner resigned" (https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/hawaii-native-savannah-gankiewicz-crowned-miss-usa-after-110289672) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . May 16, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Yamamoto, Kacie (May 15, 2024). "Maui native crowned new Miss USA following pageant controversy" (https://www.staradvertiser.com/2024/05/16/hawaii-news/maui-native-crowned-new-miss-usa-following-pageant-controversy/) . Honolulu Star-Advertiser (/wiki/Honolulu_Star-Advertiser) . External links [ edit ] Miss USA official website (https://themissusa.com/) Miss Hawaii USA official website (https://www.misshawaiiusa.com/) Awards and achievements Preceded by Noelia Voigt (/wiki/Noelia_Voigt) Miss USA (/wiki/Miss_USA) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_USA_2023) Incumbent Preceded by Kiana Yamat Miss Hawaii USA (/wiki/Miss_Hawaii_USA) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_USA_2023) Succeeded by Breea Yamat v t e Miss USA (/wiki/Miss_USA) titleholders (/wiki/List_of_Miss_USA_titleholders) 1950s Jackie Loughery (/wiki/Jackie_Loughery) (1952) Myrna Hansen (/wiki/Myrna_Hansen) (1953) Miriam Stevenson (/wiki/Miriam_Stevenson) (1954) Carlene King Johnson (/wiki/Carlene_King_Johnson) (1955) Carol Morris (/wiki/Carol_Morris) (1956) Mary Leona Gage (/wiki/Mary_Leona_Gage) / Charlotte Sheffield (/wiki/Charlotte_Sheffield) (1957) Eurlyne Howell (/wiki/Arlene_Howell) (1958) Terry Huntingdon (/wiki/Terry_Huntingdon) (1959) 1960s Linda Bement (/wiki/Linda_Bement) (1960) Sharon Brown (/wiki/Sharon_Brown_(Miss_USA)) 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American photographer, filmmaker, and fashion blogger Ari Seth Cohen is an American photographer, filmmaker, and fashion blogger (/wiki/Fashion_blogger) . He is the founder of "Advanced Style", which produces media including a blog, a book, and a film about fashion in people over the age of 60. Early life [ edit ] Cohen was raised in San Diego and attended San Diego Jewish Academy (/wiki/San_Diego_Jewish_Academy) . He majored in art history at University of Washington (/wiki/University_of_Washington) . He developed a close relationship to his grandmothers Helen Cohen and Bluma Levine. [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Cohen studied art history at the University of Washington. After graduating he spent several years working various jobs in art sales, counseling, and retail management while helping to take care of his grandmother Bluma. He first began photographing after his maternal grandmother died in 2008. She encouraged Cohen to move to New York City where she had completed graduate school at Barnard College (/wiki/Barnard_College) in the 1930s. To cope with the loss, Cohen began street photography (/wiki/Street_photography) of people over the age of 60. This led to the creation of his Advanced Style blog in 2008. He features the style, creativity, and wisdom of fashion-minded individuals over the age of 60. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) In July 2015, Cohen relocated to Los Angeles. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) He has released three books featuring portraits and interviews and a coloring book as well. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2014 Cohen released the Advanced Style (/wiki/Advanced_Style_(2014_film)) documentary, which he made with director Lina Plioplyte, featuring the lives and style of many of his New York muses. The film played in theaters internationally and eventually on Netflix for several years after. Cohen has been invited to speak about his work all around the world, including a Ted X Amsterdam talk in 2014 and the Chicago Humanities Festival (/wiki/Chicago_Humanities_Festival) in 2020. Designer, Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) cited Advanced Style for being the inspiration behind his fall 2012 collection and New York Times fashion director, Vanessa Friedman (/wiki/Vanessa_Friedman) credited Cohen with starting a movement towards more inclusion of older models in the fashion industry. His 2018 book, Advanced Love , includes 40 profiles of elderly couples. [5] (#cite_note-5) Selected works [ edit ] Cohen, Ari Seth (2012). Advanced Style . powerHouse Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57687-631-2 . Cohen, Ari Seth (2016). Advanced Style: Older & Wiser . powerHouse Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-57687-797-5 . Cohen, Ari Seth (2018). Advanced Love . Abrams. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-68335-412-3 . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Cohen, Ari Seth (14 September 2014). "All the Senior Ladies" (https://forward.com/articles/205475/all-the-senior-ladies/) . The Forward . Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_2-0) Rockett, Darcel (November 7, 2019). "Photographer and filmmaker Ari Seth Cohen shows us what style and love over age 60 look like" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/fashion/ct-life-ari-seth-cohen-advanced-style-20191107-20191107-ictshhww4bganlzoirffnnrwii-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191108040238/https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/fashion/ct-life-ari-seth-cohen-advanced-style-20191107-20191107-ictshhww4bganlzoirffnnrwii-story.html) from the original on 2019-11-08 . Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_3-0) Schmidt, Ingrid (April 29, 2016). "See sharply dressed seniors through the lens of 'Advanced Style' photographer Ari Seth Cohen" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-advanced-style-20160426-snap-htmlstory.html) . Los Angeles Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160430113241/http://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-advanced-style-20160426-snap-htmlstory.html) from the original on 2016-04-30 . Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Beghin, Claire (May 25, 2020). "Meet the photographer Ari Seth Cohen" (https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/article/advanced-love-book-photographer-ari-seth-cohen-advanced-style-blog) . Vogue Paris . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190501205823/https://www.vogue.fr/fashion-culture/article/advanced-love-book-photographer-ari-seth-cohen-advanced-style-blog) from the original on 2019-05-01 . Retrieved 2020-07-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Moore, Booth (February 5, 2019). "Ari Seth Cohen Celebrates 'Advanced Love' Book With 'Senior' Prom" (https://wwd.com/eye/parties/ari-seth-cohen-celebrates-advanced-love-book-with-senior-prom-1202995885/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190205212128/https://wwd.com/eye/parties/ari-seth-cohen-celebrates-advanced-love-book-with-senior-prom-1202995885/) from the original on 2019-02-05 . Retrieved 2020-07-15 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.advanced.style/) Ari Seth Cohen (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6022938/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐9kshx Cached time: 20240712160252 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.304 seconds Real time usage: 0.431 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 725/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16932/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 822/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27809/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.193/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4562723/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 372.689 1 -total 37.41% 139.431 3 Template:Cite_book 23.58% 87.870 1 Template:Short_description 16.54% 61.632 1 Template:Reflist 12.65% 47.147 2 Template:Pagetype 10.86% 40.460 5 Template:Cite_web 9.04% 33.696 1 Template:IMDb_name 6.88% 25.643 5 Template:Main_other 6.37% 23.734 1 Template:Authority_control 6.04% 22.496 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64557247-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712160252 and revision id 1226457632. 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Series of custom Nike Air Max 97 shoes Promotional image of the Satan Shoes Satan Shoes were a series of custom Nike Air Max 97 (/wiki/Nike_Air_Max_97) shoes, created in 2021 as a collaboration between American musician Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) and MSCHF (/wiki/MSCHF) , a Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) art collective (/wiki/Art_collective) . Their design and marketing gained controversy through prominent satanic imagery. Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) sued MSCHF for trademark infringement (/wiki/Trademark_infringement) , false designation of origin (/wiki/False_designation_of_origin) , trademark dilution (/wiki/Trademark_dilution) , and unfair competition (/wiki/Unfair_competition) . A settlement was reached in July 2021 which required MSCHF to offer refunds to any buyer who wished to return their shoes. Design and promotion [ edit ] A detail from Jan van Eyck (/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck) 's Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych (/wiki/Crucifixion_and_Last_Judgement_diptych) (pictured) appears to be present on the shoebox. [1] (#cite_note-slate-1) Each pair of shoes is black, and features a bronze pentagram (/wiki/Pentagram) on the laces and an inverted cross (/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_Peter) , [2] (#cite_note-2) while on the sides of the shoes is a reference to the Biblical (/wiki/Bible) passage Luke 10 (/wiki/Luke_10) :18. [3] (#cite_note-3) MSCHF claims that the shoes are made with "60cc of ink and 1 drop of human blood". [4] (#cite_note-4) According to MSCHF co-founder Daniel Greenberg, the blood came from "about six" MSCHF employees. [5] (#cite_note-5) A detail from Jan van Eyck (/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck) 's Last Judgement (/wiki/Crucifixion_and_Last_Judgement_diptych) appears to be present on the packaging. [1] (#cite_note-slate-1) [6] (#cite_note-6) The shoes were released alongside the music video for Lil Nas X's song " Montero (Call Me by Your Name) (/wiki/Montero_(Call_Me_by_Your_Name)) ", where the rapper can be seen descending into Hell (/wiki/Hell) on a stripper pole (/wiki/Pole_dance) and giving Satan (/wiki/Satan) a lap dance (/wiki/Lap_dance) before killing him and presumably becoming the new ruler of Hell. A pair of the shoes can be seen on Satan's feet in the music video. [7] (#cite_note-7) Additionally, only 666 (/wiki/666_(number)) pairs of the shoes were produced, priced at $1,018 each. The shoes sold out in under a minute. [8] (#cite_note-8) Several publications compared the shoes to a comic book (/wiki/Kiss_(comics)#Marvel_Comics) published by Marvel Comics (/wiki/Marvel_Comics) in 1977 based on the rock band Kiss (/wiki/Kiss_(band)) , for which the band members mixed vials of their own blood into the red ink used for printing the books. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Artistic intent [ edit ] A spokesperson for MSCHF told the New York Times the shoes were works of artistic expression "intended to comment on the absurdity of the collaboration culture practiced by some brands". [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) Court case [ edit ] Nike contended before federal judge Eric R. Komitee (/wiki/Eric_R._Komitee) that the Satan Shoes were manufactured without authorization from Nike. Nike's lawyers argued that they have "submitted evidence that even sophisticated sneakerheads (/wiki/Sneaker_collecting) were confused" by the shoes. Nike lawyers cited the Rogers test (/wiki/Rogers_v._Grimaldi) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Nike released a statement in response to the controversy generated, saying "Nike did not design or release these shoes and we do not endorse them". [14] (#cite_note-14) Additionally, the company initiated a lawsuit against MSCHF, alleging that they had made consumers believe that "Nike is endorsing satanism" and that the shoes and their promotion represented trademark infringement (/wiki/Trademark_infringement) , false designation of origin (/wiki/False_designation_of_origin) , trademark dilution (/wiki/Trademark_dilution) , and unfair competition (/wiki/Unfair_competition) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) As of April 1, 2021, Nike succeeded in obtaining a restraining order against MSCHF, blocking sales of the Satan Shoes. [18] (#cite_note-18) At the time the restraining order went into effect, all but one pair of the shoes had already been shipped to buyers. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) By July Nike had accepted a settlement that required MSCHF to offer refunds to any buyer who returned their purchase, as well as to any buyer of a previous "Jesus Shoes" release by MSCHF. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) At the time of the settlement the shoes were being offered on auction sites for as much as $15,000. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) In response to the court case, Lil Nas X later released a prelude video for his next song " Industry Baby (/wiki/Industry_Baby) ", which worked as a spoof of the case, staging a fake "Nike vs. Lil Nas X" trial in the supreme court, during which people discuss the Satan Shoes before condemning the rapper for being gay. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Reception [ edit ] The shoes were met with disapproval from some sports, entertainment, political and religious figures, including from basketball (/wiki/Basketball) player Nick Young (/wiki/Nick_Young_(basketball)) , Free Chapel pastor Jentezen Franklin (/wiki/Jentezen_Franklin) , American football (/wiki/American_football) quarterback Trevor Lawrence (/wiki/Trevor_Lawrence) , fellow rapper Joyner Lucas (/wiki/Joyner_Lucas) , evangelical pastor Mark Burns (/wiki/Mark_Burns_(pastor)) , conservative pundit Candace Owens (/wiki/Candace_Owens) and South Dakota governor Kristi Noem (/wiki/Kristi_Noem) . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) The Church of Satan (/wiki/Church_of_Satan) gave its full approval to the "Montero" music video and the shoes. [24] (#cite_note-24) Lil Nas X told critics via Twitter his agenda was to "make people stay the fuck out of other people’s lives and stop dictating who they should be." [25] (#cite_note-25) The rapper later called out the double standard (/wiki/Double_standard) after skateboarder Tony Hawk (/wiki/Tony_Hawk) 's announcement about releasing blood-infused skateboards didn't receive any backlash for the idea. [26] (#cite_note-26) References [ edit ] ^ a b Dessem, Matthew (March 29, 2021). "Conservatives Are Enraged at Lil Nas X and His "Satan Shoes" (https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/03/lil-nas-x-montero-call-me-by-your-name-video-satan-lap-dance-shoes-human-blood-apology.html) " (https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/03/lil-nas-x-montero-call-me-by-your-name-video-satan-lap-dance-shoes-human-blood-apology.html) . Slate Magazine . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) @saint (March 26, 2021). "MSCHF x Lil Nas X "Satan Shoes" Nike Air Max '97 Contains 60cc ink and 1 drop of human blood 666 Pairs, individually numbered $1,018 March 29th, 2021" (https://x.com/saint/status/1375532655551389696) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Shaffer, Claire (March 29, 2021). "Lil Nas X Releases Unofficial 'Satan' Nikes With Real Human Blood" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-nikes-1148183/) . Rolling Stone . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) MSCHF. "Satan Shoes" (https://satan.shoes/product/) . Satan Shoes . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kiefer, Halle (March 29, 2021). "Nike Clarifies It Doesn't Endorse Lil Nas X's Satan Shoes, Now With Human Blood" (https://www.vulture.com/2021/03/nike-dont-endorse-satan-shoes-lil-nas-x-posts-fake-apology.html) . Vulture . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Holland, Oscar; Palumbo, Jacqui (March 29, 2021). "Lil Nas X's unofficial 'Satan' Nikes containing human blood sell out in under a minute" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/lil-nas-x-mschf-satan-nike-shoes/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Nike Sues Designer Behind Lil Nas X's "Satan Shoes" (https://www.stereogum.com/2122470/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-nike-lawsuit/news/) " (https://www.stereogum.com/2122470/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-nike-lawsuit/news/) . Stereogum . March 29, 2021 . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Akhtar, Allana. "Lil Nas X's 'Satan Shoe' — made with one drop of human blood — sold out in under a minute, bringing in nearly $700,000" (https://www.businessinsider.com/lil-nas-x-satan-shoe-sells-out-under-one-minute-2021-3) . Business Insider . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Terry, Josh (March 29, 2021). "Lil Nas X Isn't the First Pop Star to Spark a Satanic Panic" (https://www.vice.com/en/article/jgqyxp/lil-nas-x-isnt-the-first-pop-star-to-spark-a-satanic-panic) . Vice . Retrieved April 6, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kaye, Chris. "Lil Nas X is courting controversy with his blood-infused kicks, but the rock band KISS actually did it first — in a bloody 1977 collaboration with Marvel Comics" (https://www.businessinsider.com/kiss-used-band-members-blood-in-marvel-comic-book-2021-3) . Business Insider . Retrieved April 6, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Thompson, Stephen (April 5, 2021). "The Out-of-Touch Adults' Guide To Kid Culture: Who Is Lil Nas X?" (https://lifehacker.com/the-out-of-touch-adults-guide-to-kid-culture-who-is-li-1846610631) . Lifehacker . Retrieved April 6, 2021 . ^ a b c d Vigdor, Neil (April 9, 2021). "Company Will Offer Refunds to Buyers of 'Satan Shoes' to Settle Lawsuit by Nike" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/08/style/satan-shoe-settlement-nike.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved February 16, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Judge blocks Lil Nas X's 'Satan Shoes' from shipping to customers" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/apr/01/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-judge-blocks-shipment) . TheGuardian.com (/wiki/TheGuardian.com) . April 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Mazza, Ed (March 29, 2021). "Lil Nas X Trolls Right-Wingers With Mocking Apology For His New Satan Shoes" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes_n_6061383ac5b67ad38720fbb2) . HuffPost . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Cullins, Ashley (March 29, 2021). "Nike Sues MSCHF Over Lil Nas X Satan Shoes" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/nike-sues-mschf-over-lil-nas-x-satan-shoes) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved April 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Nike sues over Lil Nas X "Satan Shoes," alleging trademark infringement" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nike-sues-lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-lawsuit/) . CBS News . March 30, 2021 . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Robertson, Adi (March 29, 2021). "Nike sues over Lil Nas X's 'unauthorized Satan Shoes' (https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/29/22357225/nike-sues-lil-nas-x-unauthorized-satan-shoes-mschf) " (https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/29/22357225/nike-sues-lil-nas-x-unauthorized-satan-shoes-mschf) . The Verge . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Nike gets restraining order against Lil Nas X's "Satan Shoes," blocking all sales" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nike-restraining-order-lawsuit-lil-nas-x-mschf-satan-shoes/) . www.cbsnews.com . Retrieved April 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "WATCH: Lil Nas X Goes On Trial In Teaser For New Single" (https://www.iheartradio.ca/news/watch-lil-nas-x-goes-on-trial-in-teaser-for-new-single-1.15666179) . iHeartRadio . Retrieved May 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "How Lil Nas X Used 'Satan Shoes' Controversy And A Fake Court Date To Promote His New Single" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlieporterfield/2021/07/19/how-lil-nas-x-used-satan-shoes-controversy-and-a-fake-court-date-to-promote-his-new-single/?sh=1172c31d228e) . Forbes . Retrieved May 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Lil Nas X Sentenced To 5 Years In Prison For Being Gay In New Music Video Teaser" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230526220434/https://www.unilad.com/music/lil-nas-x-sentenced-to-5-years-in-prison-for-being-gay-in-new-music-video-teaser) . Unilad . Archived from the original (https://www.unilad.com/music/lil-nas-x-sentenced-to-5-years-in-prison-for-being-gay-in-new-music-video-teaser) on May 26, 2023 . Retrieved May 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Young, Nick [@nickswagypyoung] (March 28, 2021). "My kids will never play Old Town road again.. I'm still debating about wearing @Nike after this come nike a drop of blood for real" (https://x.com/nickswagypyoung/status/1376137872609177602) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Lil Nas X destroys pastor for preaching about 'Satan Nikes' over mass shootings" (https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/03/30/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-nike-montero-call-me-by-your-name-free-chapel-jentezen-franklin/) . PinkNews . March 30, 2021 . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Lil Nas X's 'Satan Shoes' Get Approval from Church of Satan" (https://www.tmz.com/2021/03/30/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-church-of-satan-satanism-stamp-approval/) . TMZ . March 30, 2021 . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Nike Is Suing The Maker Of Lil Nas X's Satan Shoes" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/salvadorhernandez/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-nike-lawsuit) . BuzzFeed News . March 30, 2021 . Retrieved March 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Lil Nas X calls out critics of Satan shoes following Tony Hawk blood skateboard announcement" (https://www.independent.co.uk/tv/culture/lil-nas-x-calls-out-critics-of-satan-shoes-following-tony-hawk-blood-skateboard-announcement-b2181160.html) . The Independent . August 27, 2021 . Retrieved May 26, 2023 . v t e Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) Discography (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X_discography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Lil_Nas_X) Studio albums Montero (/wiki/Montero_(album)) (2021) Extended plays 7 (/wiki/7_(Lil_Nas_X_EP)) (2019) Singles " Old Town Road (/wiki/Old_Town_Road) " " Panini (/wiki/Panini_(song)) " " Rodeo (/wiki/Rodeo_(Lil_Nas_X_and_Cardi_B_song)) " " Holiday (/wiki/Holiday_(Lil_Nas_X_song)) " " Montero (Call Me by Your Name) (/wiki/Montero_(Call_Me_by_Your_Name)) " " Sun Goes Down (/wiki/Sun_Goes_Down_(Lil_Nas_X_song)) " " Industry Baby (/wiki/Industry_Baby) " " Thats What I Want (/wiki/Thats_What_I_Want) " " Lost in the Citadel (/wiki/Lost_in_the_Citadel) " " Late to da Party (/wiki/Late_to_da_Party) " " Star Walkin' (/wiki/Star_Walkin%27) " " J Christ (/wiki/J_Christ) " Featured singles " He Knows (/wiki/He_Knows) " Other songs " F9mily (You & Me) (/wiki/F9mily_(You_%26_Me)) " " C7osure (You Like) (/wiki/C7osure_(You_Like)) " Tours Long Live Montero Tour (/wiki/Long_Live_Montero_Tour) Fashion Satan Shoes Pink Versace suit and harness (/wiki/Pink_Versace_suit_and_harness_of_Lil_Nas_X) Film Lil Nas X: Long Live Montero (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X:_Long_Live_Montero) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐p8xmf Cached time: 20240716040230 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.418 seconds Real time usage: 0.515 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1692/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58696/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1793/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 104650/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.275/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5812739/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 471.602 1 -total 50.61% 238.686 1 Template:Reflist 36.98% 174.378 22 Template:Cite_web 20.06% 94.607 1 Template:Lil_Nas_X 19.61% 92.499 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 17.31% 81.611 1 Template:Short_description 9.63% 45.393 2 Template:Pagetype 4.64% 21.879 1 Template:Authority_control 4.22% 19.925 2 Template:Cite_tweet 4.14% 19.526 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67254077-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716040230 and revision id 1229545430. 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Products introduced in 2021 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2021) Products and services discontinued in 2021 (/wiki/Category:Products_and_services_discontinued_in_2021) Satanism in popular culture (/wiki/Category:Satanism_in_popular_culture) United States trademark case law (/wiki/Category:United_States_trademark_case_law) Clothing controversies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_controversies) 2021 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2021_in_fashion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from April 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2021)
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American jewelry designer Celia Sebiri (1913-2006) was an American jewelry designer active in the 1940s-1980s. Biography [ edit ] Sebiri was born 17 March 1913, [1] (#cite_note-af-1) and studied at Hunter College (/wiki/Hunter_College) . [2] (#cite_note-lois-2) Her husband was a meat broker, and in the 1970s, they lived on Greenwich Square, Washington. [3] (#cite_note-maria-3) She died on 1 April 2006, aged 93, in New York. [1] (#cite_note-af-1) Her daughter, Karen Sebiri, also became a jewelry designer. [4] (#cite_note-4) Jewelry design [ edit ] As a jewelry designer Sebiri was known particularly for her work in silver, which she treated as if it were more valuable than it already was. [2] (#cite_note-lois-2) She also worked with natural materials including ivory (/wiki/Ivory) and tortoiseshell (/wiki/Tortoiseshell) , although the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973) led to Bonwit Teller (/wiki/Bonwit_Teller) having to take her work off sale after they and she realized that the hawksbill sea turtle (/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle) was an endangered species. [5] (#cite_note-lima-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1974 Sebiri described her inspirations as coming from anywhere from passages of literature to dried up leaves. [3] (#cite_note-maria-3) In 1973 Sebiri won one of two Special Coty Awards (/wiki/Coty_Award) for jewelry (that year's other jewelry Coty recipient was Michael Moraux (/w/index.php?title=Michael_Moraux&action=edit&redlink=1) of Dubaux) for her work, which was described as sinuous and featuring animal motifs. [5] (#cite_note-lima-5) In the 1980s she designed jewelry for Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) . [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Celia Sebiri" (https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/celia-sebiri-birth-1913-death-2006/15633687) . AncientFaces . Retrieved 15 June 2022 . ^ a b O'Neill, Lois Decker (1979). The Women's Book of World Records and Achievements . Anchor Press/Doubleday. p. 256. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-385-12732-5 . ^ a b Fichtner, Maria (30 May 1974). "Jewelry Shouldn't Outshine Wearer" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-may-30-1974-3269362/) . Willoughby News Herald . Knight Newspaper Service. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Duka, John (6 January 1981). "NOTES ON FASHION" (https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/style/notes-on-fashion.html) . The New York Times . ^ a b "Fashion Awards Pinpoint Trends" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-oct-18-1973-3269384/) . Lima News . 18 October 1973. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Graham, Rubye (11 July 1973). "A Turn for Turtle" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jul-11-1973-3269371/) . San Antonio Light . p. 52 . Retrieved 15 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Celia Siberi" (https://books.google.com/books?id=WPJUAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Sebiri%22+%22Avon%22) . Ornament . 11–12: 15. 1986. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b88bf6bd5‐d5s6d Cached time: 20240703191435 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.140 seconds Real time usage: 0.211 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 505/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10648/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 410/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26096/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.088/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4190804/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 198.891 1 -total 64.91% 129.104 1 Template:Reflist 36.93% 73.455 1 Template:Cite_web 32.87% 65.371 1 Template:Short_description 17.93% 35.653 2 Template:Pagetype 14.63% 29.093 4 Template:Cite_news 7.21% 14.335 3 Template:Main_other 6.31% 12.546 1 Template:SDcat 2.69% 5.347 1 Template:Cite_book 2.19% 4.351 1 Template:Cite_journal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71018555-0!canonical and timestamp 20240703191435 and revision id 1218178310. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celia_Sebiri&oldid=1218178310 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celia_Sebiri&oldid=1218178310) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1913 births (/wiki/Category:1913_births) 2006 deaths (/wiki/Category:2006_deaths) American jewelry designers (/wiki/Category:American_jewelry_designers) Hunter College alumni (/wiki/Category:Hunter_College_alumni) American women jewellers (/wiki/Category:American_women_jewellers) Hidden categories: CS1: long volume value (/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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A Tsüngkotepsü is a warrior shawl created by the Ao Nagas (/wiki/Ao_Naga) of Nagaland (/wiki/Nagaland) . Traditionally, the Tsüngkotepsü could only be worn by warriors who had successfully taken the heads of enemy warriors, [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) In modern times, the right to wear the Tsüngkotepsü is associated with performing a mithun sacrifice, a demonstration of wealth [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) and are a distinctive symbol of the Ao Nagas. [2] (#cite_note-ijsrp.org-2) History [ edit ] In pre-colonial Ao society, shawls were used as a marker of social status. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Tsüngkotepsü was the highest-ranking male shawl. Design and symbolism [ edit ] The shawl is black and red striped with a single white stripe in the middle containing depictions of animals and other symbols and a brighter red region at the bottom. [2] (#cite_note-ijsrp.org-2) There are symbols in the white region representing the sun, the moon and the stars, which represent the resulting fame of warriors who wear the shawl. There are also several animals depicted in the strip, [2] (#cite_note-ijsrp.org-2) which are symbolic of the physical power and the valour of the warrior: a hornbill, a culturally significant bird whose feathers are used for decorative purpose in ceremonial costumes, is often depicted, as are mithun, which represent the wealth of the warrior. (as only wealthier members of the tribe could afford to rear mithun). A spear, dao and cock are common motifs in the section depicting the animals. [2] (#cite_note-ijsrp.org-2) The symbols in the white band are sometimes replaced with depictions of mithun, which also represent the wealth and success of the warrior, and there may be elephant and tiger pattern prints on the shawl to symbolise the strength of the warrior. [2] (#cite_note-ijsrp.org-2) Cultural impact [ edit ] Various Naga ethnic groups are well-known for their shawls, and the Tsüngkotepsü is one of the most well-known examples. [4] (#cite_note-4) Every Time You Tell a Story [ edit ] In January 2015, the filmmakers Ruchika Negi and Amit Mahanti produced a documentary about the Tsüngkotepsü titled Every Time You Tell a Story , which aims to document and preserve the cultural tradition surrounding the shawl. [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) The film was screened in March 2017 by the India Foundation for the Arts (/wiki/India_Foundation_for_the_Arts) . [5] (#cite_note-IndiaFoundation-5) The documentary claims to "offer an interpretation of history, a way of understanding the shifts that this shawl-making tradition has experienced when confronted with the certitudes of history – colonialism, new religion and assimilation in the Indian State." [5] (#cite_note-IndiaFoundation-5) See also [ edit ] Naga shawl (/wiki/Naga_shawl) Ao Naga (/wiki/Ao_Naga) Nagaland (/wiki/Nagaland) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Dundoo, Sangeetha Devi (9 January 2015). "Wrapped in history" (http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/wrapped-in-history/article6768824.ece) . Thehindu.com . Retrieved 5 October 2017 – via www.thehindu.com. ^ a b c d e Richa Prakash; Sharada Devi; D. Anitha (August 2013). "Handcrafted Shawls of Nagaland" (http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0813/ijsrp-p2017.pdf) (PDF) . International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications . 3 . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2250-3153 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2250-3153) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "CRAFTS of North-East - Textiles of Nagaland" (http://ignca.gov.in/craft256.htm) . Ignca.gov.in . Retrieved 5 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Tsungkotepsu Shawls, Other Weaves and Textiles from Nagaland, India" (http://theculturemaze.com/tsungkotepsu/) . Theculturemaze.com . Retrieved 5 October 2017 . ^ a b "Every Time you Tell a Story - March 26, 2015 - Mumbai - India Foundation for the Arts" (http://www.indiaifa.org/events/every-time-you-tell-story-march-26-2015-mumbai.html) . Indiaifa.org . Retrieved 5 October 2017 . 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Lace industry on the island of Saba Saba lace works Saba lace or as it was known in the early period, Spanish Work , is a handcrafted art (/wiki/Handicraft) of needlework (/wiki/Needlework) designs which began as a cottage industry (/wiki/Cottage_industry) on the Caribbean (/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean) island of Saba (/wiki/Saba_(island)) at the end of the 19th century and grew into one of the leading industries on the island at the turn of the 20th century. Until the 1950s, lacework was one of the key sources of revenue to the island's economy. The handicraft is still practiced and is a feature of tourism for the island, having been the focus of two books on the subject, as well as a winner of the Prince Bernhard Caribbean Culture Prize. History [ edit ] With few educational opportunities available for women in the 19th century on Saba, [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2014-1) Mary Gertrude (née Hassell) Johnson was sent to study at a Venezuelan Catholic convent and learned the intricate craft. She returned in the 1870s and taught others how to make the drawn-thread patterns (/wiki/Drawn_thread_work) , made by pulling and tying threads from cotton cloth into lacework designs. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaba_Tourist_Bureau2010-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Islands_Magazine''1999138-3) When mail service with the outside world was established in 1884, the women of Saba turned their craft into a mail-order industry (/wiki/Mail_order) . Without initial client lists, the women created their own, by writing letters to American companies each time merchandise from the United States was received on the island. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaba_Tourist_Bureau2010-2) By the era of World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) , when the island population was around 2,000 people, 250 women were working in the cottage lace craft. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2014-1) By 1928, Saba lace sales were garnering $15,000 annually from the U.S. alone and had an established reputation for fine craftsmanship. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaba_Tourist_Bureau2010-2) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Daily_Herald''2010-4) Through the 1950s, lacework was one of the leading sources of income for the economy. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2016-5) Cultural significance [ edit ] In 1995, a graduate student from the University of Texas (/wiki/University_of_Texas) , Eric A. Eliason, came to Saba to research Saban nationalism for his graduate thesis. He recognized that for the women of the island, Saba lace was a large part of their cultural heritage and spoke to their ethic for hard work and passing on tradition. Urged by local women to document the craft, he gathered samples of the lace, making copies of the work on a photocopy machine, which was made available by the tourism department. In 1997, he published The Fruit of Her Hands: Saba Lace, History & Patterns . [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Daily_Herald''2010-4) Publication of the book revitalized both interest in the craft and a desire for preserving its heritage. Women began using the book to learn new patterns. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2016-5) In 2010, with the help of students at Brigham Young University (/wiki/Brigham_Young_University) , Eliason prepared a second book, Saba Lace Patterns , which documents both the creators of designs themselves and their signature patterns. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2016-5) Throughout the island there are establishments which sell clothing and table linens which feature Saba lace, which has become an important cultural icon driving tourism. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaba_Tourist_Bureau2010-2) Means and ways to protect Saba lace has been part of consultations held by the Netherlands in their implementation of UNESCO (/wiki/UNESCO) 's initiatives to protect and preserve iconic cultural treasures. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCO_Netherlands2015-6) In 2014, Saba lace and the "lace ladies" were awarded the Prince Bernhard Caribbean Culture Prize. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPBC_Caribbean2014-7) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Johnson 2014 (#CITEREFJohnson2014) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Saba Tourist Bureau 2010 (#CITEREFSaba_Tourist_Bureau2010) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Islands_Magazine''1999138_3-0) Islands Magazine 1999 (#CITEREFIslands_Magazine1999) , p. 138. ^ Jump up to: a b The Daily Herald 2010 (#CITEREFThe_Daily_Herald2010) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Wright 2016 (#CITEREFWright2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNESCO_Netherlands2015_6-0) UNESCO Netherlands 2015 (#CITEREFUNESCO_Netherlands2015) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPBC_Caribbean2014_7-0) PBC Caribbean 2014 (#CITEREFPBC_Caribbean2014) . Bibliography [ edit ] Johnson, Will (1 April 2014). "Education on Saba in bygone years" (https://thesabaislander.com/2014/04/01/education-on-saba-in-bygone-years/) . The Saba Islander . The Bottom, Saba. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160319191504/http://thesabaislander.com/2014/04/01/education-on-saba-in-bygone-years/) from the original on 19 March 2016 . Retrieved 13 December 2016 . Wright, Samuel (2016). "Preserving Tradition on the Island of Women and Lace" (http://humanities.byu.edu/preserving-tradition-on-the-island-of-women-and-lace/) . Brigham Young University . Provo, Utah: BYU Department of Humanities. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161108012704/http://humanities.byu.edu/preserving-tradition-on-the-island-of-women-and-lace/) from the original on 8 November 2016 . Retrieved 13 December 2016 . "Arts & Crafts: Saba Lace" (http://www.sabatourism.com/art_home.html) . Saba Tourism . The Bottoms, Saba: Saba Tourist Bureau. 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160430114500/http://www.sabatourism.com/art_home.html) from the original on 30 April 2016 . Retrieved 13 December 2016 . "Consultatie immaterieel erfgoed in Caribisch Nederland" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150329145333/http://www.unesco.nl/artikel/consultatie-immaterieel-erfgoed-caribisch-nederland) [Consultation on intangible heritage in the Caribbean Netherlands]. UNESCO Netherlands (in Dutch). The Netherlands: United Nations. 12 February 2015. Archived from the original (https://www.unesco.nl/artikel/consultatie-immaterieel-erfgoed-caribisch-nederland) on 29 March 2015 . Retrieved 14 December 2016 . "Laced with history" (http://www.thedailyherald.info/index.php?option=com_content&id=7517:laced-with-history&Itemid=37) . The Daily Herald . The Bottoms, Saba. 27 August 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161213204716/http://www.thedailyherald.info/index.php?option=com_content&id=7517:laced-with-history&Itemid=37) from the original on 13 December 2016 . Retrieved 13 December 2016 . Harris, Jessica (November–December 1999). "N is for Needlework" (https://books.google.com/books?id=_z-UqTVBfyAC&pg=PA138) . Islands Magazine . Vol. 19, no. 6. Santa Barbara, California: Islands Publishing Company. p. 138. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0745-7847 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0745-7847) . Retrieved 13 December 2016 . "Prijzen: Cultuurprijs" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160507084921/http://www.pbccaribbean.com/organisatie/prijzen/cultuurprijs) [Prizes: Cultural Prizes]. PBC Caribbean (in Dutch). Willemstad, Curaçao: Kantoor PBCCG. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016 . Retrieved 14 December 2016 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) v t e Saba (island) (/wiki/Saba_(island)) Populated places St. Johns (/wiki/St._Johns,_Saba) The Bottom (/wiki/The_Bottom) Windwardside (/wiki/Windwardside) Zion's Hill (/wiki/Zion%27s_Hill) Other locations Cove Bay (/wiki/Cove_Bay_(Saba)) Flat Point (/wiki/Flat_Point) Green Island (/wiki/Green_Island,_Saba) Holy Rosary Church (/wiki/Holy_Rosary_Church,_Saba) Ladder Bay (/wiki/Ladder_Bay_(Saba)) Mount Scenery (/wiki/Mount_Scenery) Saba Bank (/wiki/Saba_Bank) Saba National Marine Park (/wiki/Saba_National_Marine_Park) Sacred Heart Church (/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Church,_Saba) St. Paul's Conversion Church (/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Conversion_Church,_Saba) Tide Pools (/wiki/Flat_Point_Tide_Pools) Well's Bay (/wiki/Well%27s_Bay) Transport Fort Bay (/wiki/Fort_Bay) Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport (/wiki/Juancho_E._Yrausquin_Airport) The Road (/wiki/The_Road_(Saba)) Education Saba Comprehensive School (/wiki/Saba_Comprehensive_School) Saba University School of Medicine (/wiki/Saba_University_School_of_Medicine) Heraldry Flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Saba_(island)) Coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Saba_(island)) National anthem (/wiki/Saba_you_rise_from_the_ocean) Culture Saba Conservation Foundation (/wiki/Saba_Conservation_Foundation) Saba lace NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7cd59cdcfb‐2gkpp Cached time: 20240718024104 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.314 seconds Real time usage: 0.413 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1465/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29171/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1512/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31931/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.209/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5934768/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 359.434 1 -total 23.95% 86.069 2 Template:Cite_news 22.86% 82.166 1 Template:Saba 22.00% 79.058 1 Template:Navbox 21.01% 75.532 1 Template:Short_description 15.35% 55.161 14 Template:Sfn 12.93% 46.457 2 Template:Pagetype 6.51% 23.413 4 Template:Cite_web 5.43% 19.503 17 Template:Main_other 4.73% 16.985 1 Template:Reflist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52578233-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718024104 and revision id 1216279735. 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adefa) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Adefa) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adefa) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Adefa" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adefa%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adefa%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adefa%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adefa%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adefa%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adefa%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article includes a list of references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , related reading (/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading) , or external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links) , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( March 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The Working Group of German-Aryan Manufacturers in the Garment Industry ( German (/wiki/German_language) : Arbeitsgemeinschaft deutsch-arischer Fabrikanten der Bekleidungsindustrie ), better known as Adefa , was a clothing union established in Germany (/wiki/Germany) in May 1933, associated with the wider Aryanization (/wiki/Aryanization) campaign of the NSDAP (/wiki/NSDAP) -government. It had similar goals to the Deutsches Mode-Institut , which was associated with the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda) . Aryanization [ edit ] The primary aim of the organisation was to bring the German fashion (/wiki/German_fashion) industry under the ownership of ethnic Germans (/wiki/Ethnic_Germans) and to remove German Jews (/wiki/German_Jews) from the industry; a goal achieved by 15 August 1939, after which Adefa dissolved itself. Culturally, it opposed French stylistic influence in the German fashion industry, in particular " La Garçonne (/wiki/Flapper) "-style, encouraging instead a more folk-orientated fashion for women; the tracht (/wiki/Tracht) dress, dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) skirts, embroidery and Bavarian (/wiki/Bavaria) style millinery. At its height in 1938, there were over 600 member firms allied to Adefa. Companies which fell under this banner would show in their show shop advertisements and labels the phrase " Adefa – das Zeichen für Ware aus arischer Hand " (Adefa – the label for Aryan-made clothing). See also [ edit ] Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) Women in Nazi Germany (/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany) Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses (/wiki/Nazi_boycott_of_Jewish_businesses) Let's trim our hair in accordance with the socialist lifestyle (/wiki/Let%27s_trim_our_hair_in_accordance_with_the_socialist_lifestyle) Bibliography [ edit ] Irene Guenther: Nazi Chic? – Fashioning Women in the Third Reich . Oxford 2004. Roberta S. Kremer: Broken Threads. The Destruction of the Jewish Fashion Industry in Germany and Austria . Oxford 2007. External links [ edit ] Hamburg’s Past as a Place for Jewish Fashion Houses (https://jewish-history-online.net/article/grimmeisen-haute-couture) at Jewish History Online Fashion Hall of Obscurity – ADEFA (http://kickshawproductions.com/blog/?p=7999) at Kickshaw Productions Fascist and Nazi Dress (https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fashion-history-eras/fascist-nazi-dress) at Love to Know NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6476f586c5‐xjvtr Cached time: 20240708194241 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.118 seconds Real time usage: 0.216 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 356/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34113/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8428/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6025/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.065/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1679163/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 154.61% 289.277 3 Template:Ambox 100.00% 187.100 1 Template:Multiple_issues 100.00% 187.100 1 -total 63.57% 118.947 1 Template:More_citations_needed 30.35% 56.781 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 8.59% 16.080 1 Template:No_footnotes 2.21% 4.137 2 Template:Yesno-no 1.07% 1.999 2 Template:Yesno 1.03% 1.927 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60204414-0!canonical and timestamp 20240708194241 and revision id 1089705334. 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Lifestyle clothing and accessories retailer, based in the UK For the style of typeface, see Fat face (/wiki/Fat_face) . Fat Face Limited FatFace company wordmark Company type Clothing & Accessories Key people Stuart Rose (/wiki/Stuart_Rose) (Chairman) William Crumbie (Chief Executive) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Revenue £ (/wiki/Pound_sterling) 160 million ( 2021 ) Owner Next plc (/wiki/Next_plc) Website fatface (https://fatface.com) .com (https://fatface.com) FatFace, Putney Exchange (/wiki/Putney_Exchange) , London (now closed) Fat Face Limited , trading as (/wiki/Trading_as) FatFace , is a British lifestyle brand, based in Hampshire, which creates product ranges across women's, men's, kids, footwear and accessories. FatFace is a multichannel retailer, with an international digital business, and over 180 stores in the UK and 20 stores in the US. History [ edit ] The business was founded in 1988 in French ski resort Méribel (/wiki/M%C3%A9ribel) by Tim Slade, a former policeman, and business graduate Jules Leaver. The pair bought T-shirts wholesale, had them printed with designs specific to the resort, and sold them to other skiers, at first using the proceeds only to fund their own skiing. [1] (#cite_note-financialtimes-1) They spent the following years travelling to different ski resorts, where they continued to produce and sell ski and outdoor-related clothing. [1] (#cite_note-financialtimes-1) In 1993 they opened their first shop, on London's Fulham Road (/wiki/Fulham_Road) ; they named it "FatFace" after the Face de Bellevarde slope in Val-d'Isère (/wiki/Val-d%27Is%C3%A8re) . [1] (#cite_note-financialtimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-eveningstandard-2) In 2000, they sold 40% of the company to Livingbridge (/wiki/Livingbridge) for £5 million. [3] (#cite_note-scotsman_2004-3) In 2005 Advent International (/wiki/Advent_International) , a private equity company, bought Livingbridge (/wiki/Livingbridge) 's interest in FatFace. [4] (#cite_note-retailweek_2005-4) In 2007 FatFace was acquired, for £360 million, by private equity group Bridgepoint Capital (/wiki/Bridgepoint_Capital) ; [5] (#cite_note-telegraph-5) the sale netted Slade and Leaver £90 million. [6] (#cite_note-telegraph_2010-6) The company's sales were badly hit by the Great Recession (/wiki/Great_Recession) , forcing Bridgepoint to write off half the company's value, [6] (#cite_note-telegraph_2010-6) but improved in 2010 and again in 2011. [7] (#cite_note-retailweek-7) Bridgepoint planned to float a quarter of the company on the London stock exchange (/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange) in 2014, hoping to raise £110 million, but later cancelled the flotation due to lack of confidence by prospective stockholders. [8] (#cite_note-scotsman-8) [5] (#cite_note-telegraph-5) In September 2020, FatFace announced the completion of a lender led debt and capital restructuring of Fat Face Group Borrowings Limited (the "Fat Face Group"). Following the restructuring there was a change of control of the parent company of the FatFace Group ("FatFace" or "Company"), to Fulham Parent Limited. As a result of the restructuring, FatFace's ownership has changed hands from its majority shareholder, Bridgepoint, to the group's lenders through its newly formed parent company. As part of the restructure the debt profile of the group significantly reduced, from loans and borrowings (excluding lease liabilities) with a face value of £172.4 million at the completion date to £25.6 million at the period end with expiry dates between September 2023 and May 2024. [9] (#cite_note-9) In March 2021 FatFace revealed to customers and staff that they had been subject to a ransomware (/wiki/Ransomware) attack in January 2021 [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) and paid $2 million ransom to Conti (/wiki/Conti_(ransomware)) cyber criminals to unlock encrypted data. [13] (#cite_note-13) In September 2021, Liz Evans stepped down as CEO and was replaced by Will Crumbie. At that point, Crumbie had been with the business for eight years as CFO. Before FatFace he held senior financial and executive positions within the Walgreen Boots Alliance Group and P&O. [14] (#cite_note-14) Colin Porter is the Chairman. [15] (#cite_note-15) In October 2023, Next plc announced that it had acquired FatFace for a total value of £115.2 million. Next hold 97% of the equity and FatFace's management will hold 3% of the business. It is anticipated that it will migrate its online operations onto that of Next by October 2024. [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Lina Saigol; Andrea Felsted (20 January 2014). "The ski bums who understood the bottom line" (https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b51f76b8-81db-11e3-a600-00144feab7de.html) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-eveningstandard_2-0) Jonathan Prynn (2 September 2004). "FatFace pair could scoop £35m" (https://www.standard.co.uk/news/fat-face-pair-could-scoop-35m-6943630.html) . London Evening Standard (/wiki/London_Evening_Standard) . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-scotsman_2004_3-0) "Isis set to land £20m in FatFace market listing" (http://www.scotsman.com/business/finance/isis-set-to-land-163-20m-in-fat-face-market-listing-1-1298895) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . 7 February 2004 . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-retailweek_2005_4-0) "FatFace bought" (http://www.retail-week.com/sectors/fashion/fat-face-bought/41741.article) . Retail Week (/wiki/Retail_Week) . 9 May 2005 . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ a b Scott Campbell (9 July 2014). "FatFace reports sales rise after abandoned IPO plans" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10957475/Fat-Face-reports-sales-rise-after-abandoned-IPO-plans.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ a b Richard Fletcher (15 March 2010). "FatFace loses £225m on write-offs" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/7442971/Fat-Face-loses-225m-on-write-offs.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-retailweek_7-0) "FatFace: company profile" (http://www.retail-week.com/companies/fat-face) . Retail Week (/wiki/Retail_Week) . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-scotsman_8-0) Gareth Mackie (10 July 2014). "FatFace profits rise despite flotation u-turn" (http://www.scotsman.com/business/retail/fat-face-profits-rise-despite-flotation-u-turn-1-3471936) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . Retrieved 14 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Lord Rose exits FatFace as refinancing deal completes" (https://www.theindustry.fashion/lord-rose-exits-fat-face-as-refinancing-deal-completes/?msclkid=d11ba08ac7f311ec8a1c1e65d2d6a087) . The Industry Fashion . 28 September 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Collins, Barry. "FatFace Hack: Staff Are Told Bank Details May Have Been Stolen" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/barrycollins/2021/03/25/fatface-hack-staff-are-told-bank-details-may-have-been-stolen/) . Forbes . Retrieved 9 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "FatFace's 'Strictly Private' Data Breach Notification" (https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/blogs/fat-faces-strictly-private-data-breach-notification-p-3007) . www.bankinfosecurity.com . Retrieved 9 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Visavadia, Hemma (26 March 2021). "FatFace reveals it was a victim of a cyber attack" (https://www.retailsector.co.uk/615979-fat-face-marks-cyber-attack-as-private-and-confidential/) . Retail Sector . Retrieved 9 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Retailer FatFace pays $2m ransom to Conti cyber criminals" (https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252498463/Retailer-FatFace-pays-2m-ransom-to-Conti-cyber-criminals) . ComputerWeekly.com . Retrieved 9 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "New CEO at FatFace as Liz Evans departs for George at Asda" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/new-ceo-at-fatface-as-liz-evans-departs-for-george-at-asda/2021091657733) . Fashion United . 16 September 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Fat Face taps Colin Porter to replace Lord Rose in chairman role" (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2020/11/fat-face-chairman-colin-porter-lord-rose/) . Retal Gazette . 20 November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "ACQUISITION OF FATFACE" (https://otp.tools.investis.com/clients/uk/next_plc1/rns/regulatory-story.aspx?cid=115&newsid=1725705) . Next PLC . 13 October 2023. External links [ edit ] Official FatFace website (https://www.fatface.com/) Official FatFace US website (https://us.fatface.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐bpnnc Cached time: 20240715042848 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.360 seconds Real time usage: 0.495 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1984/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34175/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2251/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 61694/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.219/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6190517/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 457.222 1 -total 38.46% 175.862 1 Template:Reflist 25.50% 116.604 1 Template:Short_description 25.14% 114.928 8 Template:Cite_news 23.49% 107.419 1 Template:Infobox_company 21.16% 96.726 1 Template:Infobox 13.08% 59.797 8 Template:Main_other 12.36% 56.494 1 Template:SDcat 9.90% 45.269 2 Template:Pagetype 7.46% 34.125 8 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21641287-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715042848 and revision id 1216154592. 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Danish clothing brand Norse Projects Company type Clothing, sunglasses Industry Clothing Founded 2004 Headquarters Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) Website www.norseprojects.com (http://www.norseprojects.com/store/mens-aw15) Norse Projects is a clothing brand based in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) . The company designs and develops seasonal collections of men's and womenswear, blending influences from streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) and classical workwear (/wiki/Workwear) with high-end fashion. [1] (#cite_note-1) The creative director of the company is Tobia Sloth. History [ edit ] Norse Projects was founded by Tobia Sloth, Anton Juul and Mikkel Grønnebæk as a retail streetwear shop and art gallery in 2004. The company launched its own line of menswear in 2009. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2013, Norse Projects topped a list of the 15 best Scandinavian men's wear brands by Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The company introduced its inaugural womenswear collection for Fall/Winter 2015. [4] (#cite_note-4) Flagship store [ edit ] Norse Projects has a multibrand store in Pilestræde 39–41 (/wiki/Pilestr%C3%A6de_41%E2%80%9345) in central Copenhagen that sells brands such as Visvim, Nanamica, Orslow and other imported labels. The store also stocks a selection of art books, magazines and fanzines (/wiki/Fanzine) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Norse Projects has a mixed multibrand and Norse Project store Kronprinsensgade (/wiki/Kronprinsensgade) (No. 3) in central Copenhagen. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Norse Projects' Tobia Sloth on the Inaugural Fall/Winter 2015 Womenswear Collection" (http://www.highsnobiety.com/2015/03/10/norse-projects-womenswear-interview/) . Highsnobiety . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Norse Projects" (http://shop.bdgastore.com/collections/norse-projects) . Bodega . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Totally Swede: The 15 Best Scandinavian Brands Right Now" (http://www.complex.com/style/2013/06/best-scandinavian-brands-right-now/gant-rugger) . Complex . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Norse Projects udvider med pigekollektion" (http://fashionforum.dk/2015/02/26/norse-projects-udvider-med-pigekollektion/) . Fashion Forum (in Danish). 26 February 2015 . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Norse Projects" (http://www.aok.dk/shopping/norse-projects) . AOK (in Danish) . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.norseprojects.com/) Multibrand website (http://www.norsestore.com/) This Danish corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norse_Projects&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Victoria Bartlett Born Gloucester (/wiki/Gloucester,_England) , England Nationality American Education London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) Label BC Awards 2012 International Woolmark (/wiki/Woolmark) prize finalist 2012 CFDA (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) Lexus Eco Challenge Winner 2007 CFDA (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) /Vogue Fashion Fund Finalist 2007 Fashion Group International (/wiki/Fashion_Group_International) Rising Start Award Finalist 2006 Ecco Domani Award Victoria Bartlett is a British-born designer and stylist. She graduated from the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Her career began in design, illustration, and brand consultancy for a prestigious portfolio of brands and designers, including Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , Moncler (/wiki/Moncler) , Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , and Theory (/wiki/Theory_(clothing_retailer)) . She was the stylist of the first Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) in 1995. [2] (#cite_note-2) Bartlett gained accolades styling [3] (#cite_note-3) for Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , Scarlett Johansson (/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson) , David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) , Chloe Sevigney (/wiki/Chloe_Sevigney) , Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) , and Venus Williams (/wiki/Venus_Williams) . She was Fashion Editor at Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) magazine prior to becoming Fashion Director for Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) and BIG Magazine . She has created fashion editorials for i-D (/wiki/I-D) , Numéro (/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro) , V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , French (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , Italian (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , and L'Uomo Vogue (/wiki/L%27Uomo_Vogue) . List of achievements [ edit ] 1999 Participated in the Brooklyn Anchorage Exhibition presented by Creative Time (/wiki/Creative_Time) called "Exposing the meaning in Fashion through Presentation", curated an installation called Loud & Unhinged with film director Douglas Keeves, art director Richard Pandiscio and set designers Big Room. [4] (#cite_note-4) 2002 Designed the clown sculptures for Ugo Rondinone (/wiki/Ugo_Rondinone) 's exhibition If There Were Anywhere But Desert at Mathew Marks Gallery 2005 Participated in FutureFashion's kickoff event for Christo and Jean-Claude's installation of The Gates (/wiki/The_Gates) in Central Park to benefit the Earth Pledge foundation 2009 Curated "A Candid look at the Anatomical fascination of Visible Panty Line" with Susanna Cucco and Gloria Capeletti at Gallery Dopolavoro in Milan [5] (#cite_note-5) 2011 Curated the show Squat with Orly Genger (/wiki/Orly_Genger) hosted by Yvonne le Force Villareal of Art Production Fund and Clarissa Dalrymple [6] (#cite_note-6) 2011 Designed costumes in latex for a special performance installation at Cedar Lake Contemporary Ballet (/wiki/Cedar_Lake_Contemporary_Ballet) with choreographer Benoit Swan 2011 Collaborated with choreographer Emery LeCrone (/wiki/Emery_LeCrone) and Avi Scher for Works & Process (/wiki/Works_%26_Process) at the Guggenheim Museum set to the music of Pulitzer Prize composer Elliott Carter (/wiki/Elliott_Carter) [7] (#cite_note-7) 2011 Participated in the sartorial exhibition Limited/Unlimited conceived by Silvia Venturini Fendi and curated by Susanna Cucco in Rome [8] (#cite_note-8) 2012 Curated the group show Second skin with 14 artists including Ugo Rondinone, John Giorno (/wiki/John_Giorno) , Sarah Lucas (/wiki/Sarah_Lucas) , Genesis P-Orridge (/wiki/Genesis_P-Orridge) , Collier Schorr (/wiki/Collier_Schorr) , Jack Pierson, Adam McEwen, Philip-Lorca diCorcia, David Armstrong, Judith Eisler (/wiki/Judith_Eisler) , Jessica Mitrani, Shoplifter, Mark Borthwick (/wiki/Mark_Borthwick) and Katerina Jebb (/wiki/Katerina_Jebb) [9] (#cite_note-9) 2012 Winner of the CFDA (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) /Lexus Eco Challenge [10] (#cite_note-10) 2013 "Lightness of Being" live clown sculpture collaboration with Ugo Rondinone for the Public Art Fund in City Hall Park [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Wallace, Chris (15 November 2010). "Victoria Bartlett Says Take Small Steps, Not Giant Leaps" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/first-person/first-person-victoria-bartlett-says-take-small-steps-not-giant-leaps) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rossi, Carina (15 October 2020). "What the first ever Victoria's Secret Fashion Show looked like in 1995" (https://style.nine.com.au/latest/victorias-secret-fashion-show-1995/55d3565d-cf6b-4ecc-8517-40c749dada4) . style.nine . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Spindler, Amy M. (5 June 1994). "Who Needs Designers?" (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/05/style/who-needs-designers.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pasternak, Anne. Creative Time: The Book: 33 Years of Public Art in New York , 2007, p. 267 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Davies, Olivier. "Milan Fashion Week: Victoria Bartlett & VPL." (http://www.freestylemagazine.co.uk/blog/2009/10/06/milan-fashion-week-vpl) FreeStyle Magazine , 6 October 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-6) MacDonell, Nancy (10 May 2011). "Fashion With a Twist – Orly Genger at VPL" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/10/fashion-with-a-twist-orly-genger-at-vpl/) . New York Times T Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-7) LeCrone, Emery. ' 'With Thoughtful Lightness' '. The Music of Elliott Carter Interpreted, New Choreography by Emery LeCrone and Avichai Scher (video recording), 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Spezzigu, Andrea. ' 'Limited/Unlimited Small Objects of Desire' '. Made in Town, 27 February 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Brown, Alix. "Up Close and Personal/ 'Second Skin' at VPL." (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/up-close-and-personal-second-skin-at-vpl/) New York Times T Magazine , 16 May 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-10) McCall, Tyler. "CFDA Amps up Commitment to Sustainability with New Committee." (http://fashionista.com/2013/04/cfda-amps-up-commitment-to-sustainability-with-new-committee) Fashionista , 19 April 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Torkells, Erik. 'Lightness of Being' at City Hall Park." (http://tribecacitizen.com/2013/07/25/lightness-of-being-at-city-hall-park/) Tribeca Citizen , 25 July 2013. External links [ edit ] Victoria Bartlett (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/victoria-bartlett/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Who Will Pull Together the Collections? 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Israeli fashion designer Maya Bash Born 1979 Nationality Israeli (/wiki/Israelis) Alma mater Shenkar College of Engineering and Design Occupation Fashion Designer Maya Bash ( Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : מאיה בש ; born in 1979) is an Israeli fashion (/wiki/Israeli_fashion) designer. [1] (#cite_note-blanc-1) She immigrated to Israel (/wiki/Israel) from Russia (/wiki/Russia) , and established the Maya Bash brand in 2005. [2] (#cite_note-tel-2) Biography [ edit ] Bash was born in 1979. In 1991 her family emigrated to Israel. [1] (#cite_note-blanc-1) She studied at Shenkar College of Engineering and Design (/wiki/Shenkar_College_of_Engineering_and_Design) , and after her graduation, she opened a shop in the Gan HaHashmal district in Tel Aviv (/wiki/Tel_Aviv) . [3] (#cite_note-jewish-3) The Maya Bash brand offers unisex (/wiki/Unisex) urban clothing, inspired by the designer's childhood in the former Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) as well as her urban lifestyle in Tel Aviv (/wiki/Tel_Aviv) . All the brand's collections are produced locally. [4] (#cite_note-timeout-4) Bash has worked with film director Max Lomberg, painter Anna Lukashevsky, [5] (#cite_note-cat-5) and photographer David Meskhi. [3] (#cite_note-jewish-3) In a collaboration with Israeli visual artist Zoya Cherkassky, she has also designed clothing using fabric with patterns showing people wearing her clothes. [6] (#cite_note-fountain-6) Following the designer's presentation at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , her clothing is sold in a few shops in Japan (/wiki/Japan) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , Russia (/wiki/Russia) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) , the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) and the United States (/wiki/United_States) . [3] (#cite_note-jewish-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b Honnorat, Emanuelle (30 May 2015). "Designer Maya Bash" (https://blancmagazine.com/fashion/designers/bash/) . Blanc Magazine . Retrieved 22 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-tel_2-0) Brand, Sharon (30 April 2017). "Maya Bash" (http://telavivian.com/maya-bash-2/) . Telavivian Magazine . Retrieved 22 April 2018 . ^ a b c Klein Leichman, Abigail (13 March 2015). "A Designer for Real Living" (https://www.jewishindependent.ca/a-designer-for-real-living/) . Jewish Independent . Retrieved 22 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-timeout_4-0) "Maya Bash" (https://www.timeout.com/israel/shopping/maya-bash) . TimeOut Israel . 25 October 2016 . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-cat_5-0) Berenson Yaar, Marissa (4 February 2015). "Designer Discovery: Maya Bash" (http://www.thewellappointedcatwalk.com/2015/02/designer-discovery-maya-bash.html) . The Well-Appointed Catwalk . Retrieved 22 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-fountain_6-0) "Maya Bash: Minimalism with a Bit of Street Style" (https://www.fountainof30.com/maya-bash-minimalism-with-a-bit-of-street-style/) . Fountain of 30 . 11 March 2015 . Retrieved 22 April 2018 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.mayabash.com) This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Brazilian businessman and billionaire (born 1950) Alexandre Grendene Bartelle Born ( 1950-01-23 ) 23 January 1950 (age 74) Farroupilha (/wiki/Farroupilha) , Rio Grande do Sul (/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul) , Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) Alma mater University of Caxias do Sul (/wiki/University_of_Caxias_do_Sul) Occupation Businessman Known for Co-founder of Grendene (/wiki/Grendene) Relatives Pedro Grendene Bartelle (twin brother) Alexandre Grendene Bartelle (born January 2, 1950) is a Brazilian businessman and billionaire (/wiki/Billionaire) . In 1971, co-founded sandal manufacturer Grendene (/wiki/Grendene) with his brother, Pedro Grendene Bartelle. According to Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) , he was worth US$1.86 billion as of May 2016. Biography [ edit ] Early life and education [ edit ] Bartelle was born in Farroupilha (/wiki/Farroupilha) , Rio Grande do Sul (/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul) . [1] (#cite_note-1) He studied at Universidade de Caxias do Sul (/wiki/University_of_Caxias_do_Sul) , graduating with a bachelor's degree in Law (/wiki/Law) . Personal life [ edit ] He currently lives in Porto Alegre (/wiki/Porto_Alegre) and has seven children. [2] (#cite_note-ForbesProfile-2) In 2015, he donated funds for the construction of a veterinary hospital in Porto Alegre. [2] (#cite_note-ForbesProfile-2) He owns an Amels Limited Editions 199 yacht and a Falcon 7X jet. [2] (#cite_note-ForbesProfile-2) Career [ edit ] In 1971, Alexandre and Pedro co-founded Grendene. [2] (#cite_note-ForbesProfile-2) Their grandfather lent them capital to purchase plastic injection molding machines and hire five employees. [3] (#cite_note-3) By May 2016, he was worth US$1.86billion. [2] (#cite_note-ForbesProfile-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Brazilian Chamber" (http://brazilianchamber.org.uk/sites/brazilianchamber.org.uk/files/images/u1967/Alexandre%20Grendene_BIOG.pd) . [ permanent dead link ] ^ a b c d e "Alexandre Grendene Bartelle" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/alexandre-grendene-bartelle/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Antunes, Anderson. "Monetizing The Stars: Brazil's Savvy Shoe Man Harnesses The Power Of Celebrities To Compete With The Chinese" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/andersonantunes/2014/06/30/monetizing-the-stars-brazils-savvy-shoe-man-harnesses-the-power-of-celebrities-to-compete-with-the-chinese/#1c0507bd78d3) . Forbes . Retrieved 2016-05-18 . This Brazilian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Italian luxury and fashion designer (born 1957) Giuseppe Zanotti Giuseppe Zanotti in 2013 Born ( 1957-04-17 ) 17 April 1957 (age 67) San Mauro Pascoli (/wiki/San_Mauro_Pascoli) , Italy Occupation Shoe designer Years active 1981–present Website giuseppezanottidesign (http://giuseppezanottidesign.com) .com (http://giuseppezanottidesign.com) Giuseppe Zanotti is an Italian (/wiki/Italian_people) luxury footwear and fashion designer known for his sculptural, jeweled heels, luxury sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) , handbags, jewelry, and leather ready-to-wear. [1] (#cite_note-official-1) His wholly owned company, Vicini S.p.A., manufactures his eponymous label, distributing in 75 countries worldwide through a network of directly operated boutiques, franchisees and luxury retailers. Early life [ edit ] Born on 17 April 1957, Zanotti grew up in San Mauro Pascoli (/wiki/San_Mauro_Pascoli) , in the Emilia Romagna (/wiki/Emilia_Romagna) region of Italy which is located just outside the seaside resort of Rimini (/wiki/Rimini) ; the town and its surrounding area is known for high-end shoe-making tradition. "I was always obsessed with shoes," Zanotti said in an interview with Harper's Bazaar Australia in 2014. "I think the first pair I remember were my mother's. I was only seven or eight and I remember being impressed with the shape of the toe." [2] (#cite_note-2) In the 1980s, Zanotti decided to pursue a career in making women's shoes. His initial foray was as a freelance designer, working his way to recognizable fashion houses. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] By the early 1990s, Zanotti wanted to branch out on his own and create a distinct style of footwear, particularly ornate with oversized crystals and stones usually used in the manufacturing of bijoux (/wiki/Bijou_(jewellery)) jewelry. He acquired the Vicini shoe factory located in his hometown of San Mauro Pascoli and set about recasting the small company. He moved his style team there and implemented new departments specialized in producing heels and ornamental jewels. In 1994, Zanotti traveled to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to present his first Giuseppe Zanotti collection to a select group of fashion editors and retailers. Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) and Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) were among the first luxury retailers to pick up the collection and remain retailers of the brand today, along with retailers like Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) , Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) , Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) , among others. [ citation needed ] The first Giuseppe Zanotti boutique opened in Milan (/wiki/Milan) in 2000, followed by additional stores in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , London (/wiki/London) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) and Saint Tropez (/wiki/Saint_Tropez) . In 2016, Giuseppe Zanotti celebrated the opening of its 100th store, at IFC in Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) . [ citation needed ] Vicini Sp.A., which started as a small manufacturing entity, today counts five company-owned factories specialized in all the phases of luxury shoe making and employees 650 people who help to produce more than 600,000 pairs of shoes annually. [ citation needed ] Product expansion [ edit ] Under Zanotti, Vicini introduced a line of leather luxury sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) , melding street style with couture decorations in 2010. It featured all of Zanotti's hallmarks, including crystal embroidery, metal hardware and unexpected design contrasts. [4] (#cite_note-4) In late 2010, Zanotti also presented his first jewelry collection. Inspired by the same decorative elements used on his stilettos and platforms, the bijoux offering featured oversized, sculptural necklace, bracelets and rings, embellished with crystals and colored stones. [ citation needed ] In June 2024, court documents showed that GZ USA, Inc. filed for Chapter 11 reorganization (/wiki/Chapter_11) . [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-official_1-0) "Official website biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101215203556/http://www.giuseppezanottidesign.com/experience/zanotti/en/giuseppe_zanotti/story.asp?tskay=4BB32194) . Archived from the original (http://www.giuseppezanottidesign.com/experience/zanotti/en/giuseppe_zanotti/story.asp?tskay=4BB32194) on 2010-12-15 . Retrieved 2012-01-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Pieri, Kerry (18 April 2014), ZANOTTI CELEBRATES 20 YEARS , retrieved 18 April 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Giuseppe Zanotti Celebrates The Launch Of His New Store" (http://www.ikonlondonmagazine.com/giuseppe-zanotti-celebrates-the-launch-of-his-new-store) . Ikon London Magazine. 27 October 2016 . Retrieved 23 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lundstrom Halbert, Mosha (December 2014), Designer of the Year: Giuseppe Zanotti , retrieved 1 December 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-5) "GZ USA files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy" (https://bkdata.com/business-bankruptcies/manhattan-newyork/06-07-2024/gz-usa-11020) . BKData . June 7, 2024 . Retrieved June 7, 2024 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Giuseppe Zanotti (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Giuseppe_Zanotti) . 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American fashion designer This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Marc Ecko" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Marc+Ecko%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Marc+Ecko%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Marc+Ecko%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Marc+Ecko%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Marc+Ecko%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Marc+Ecko%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Marc Ecko Ecko in 2015 Born Marc Louis Milecofsky ( 1972-08-29 ) August 29, 1972 (age 51) Livingston, New Jersey (/wiki/Livingston,_New_Jersey) , U.S. Education Rutgers University (/wiki/Rutgers_University) Occupations Fashion designer artist entrepreneur Known for Founding Ecko Unltd. (/wiki/Ecko_Unltd.) and Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) Spouse Allison Rojas (m. 2000) Children 3 Marc Louis Ecko (né Milecofsky ; August 29, 1972) is an American fashion designer, entrepreneur, and artist. [1] (#cite_note-encyclopedia-1) He is the founder and Chief Creative Officer (/wiki/Chief_Creative_Officer) of fashion company Ecko Unlimited (/wiki/Ecko_Unlimited) . [2] (#cite_note-ABC-2) He also founded Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) magazine in 2002. [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life Milecofsky was born in New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) on August 29, 1972. [1] (#cite_note-encyclopedia-1) He was brought up with his twin Marci and an older sister, Shari, in suburban Lakewood, New Jersey (/wiki/Lakewood,_New_Jersey) , where his father was a pharmacist and his mother was a real estate broker. [4] (#cite_note-4) After high school, Milecofsky entered Rutgers University (/wiki/Rutgers_University) 's College of Pharmacy (/wiki/Ernest_Mario_School_of_Pharmacy) in Piscataway, New Jersey. During this time he painted graffiti (/wiki/Graffiti) and practiced drawing, using the name "Echo". In his third year, the school's dean, John L. Colaizzi, Sr., encouraged Milecofsky to follow his passion and take a year off to pursue art. In 1996, Milecofsky legally changed his name to Ecko; he had intended to use "Echo", the name he was now known by, but since he wanted to build a brand with the name, and "Echo" was already taken, he settled on the alternate spelling. [5] (#cite_note-5) Career In 1993, Ecko started Ecko Unltd. (/wiki/Ecko_Unltd.) as a T-shirt company, with small investments from his sister and a friend, Seth Gerszberg. He traveled to Hong Kong (/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Hong_Kong) to learn about the clothing industry. Early clients Spike Lee (/wiki/Spike_Lee) and Chuck D (/wiki/Chuck_D) helped bring attention to his fledgling business, as did a Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) segment that featured his T-shirt designs. [6] (#cite_note-gma-6) The company expanded further into hip-hop and skater styles, and began to sport a rhinoceros logo. [7] (#cite_note-7) Ecko's businesses have expanded to include Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) magazine, video and social gaming, and venture capital (/wiki/Venture_capital) . Ecko was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA); the youngest designer to do so. [8] (#cite_note-cfda-8) Since 2010, he has been a member of the Emeritus Board. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2008, he created the new jackets for the Iron Chefs on Iron Chef America (/wiki/Iron_Chef_America) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Personal life Ecko is Jewish (/wiki/Jew) . [2] (#cite_note-ABC-2) [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2000, Ecko married Allison Rojas. They have three children and live in Bernardsville, New Jersey (/wiki/Bernardsville,_New_Jersey) . [1] (#cite_note-encyclopedia-1) In 2011, Ecko started Unlimited Justice, a social activism campaign which opposed corporal punishment in U.S. schools. [12] (#cite_note-huffpo-12) He has supported a number of charities and organisations, including raising money for the Tikva Children's Home in Odesa (/wiki/Odesa) , Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) . [2] (#cite_note-ABC-2) Published work On October 1, 2013, Ecko released an autobiographical (/wiki/Autobiography) business book, Unlabel: Selling You Without Selling Out, which offers advice on entrepreneurship and personal branding. [13] (#cite_note-13) See also Marc Ecko's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure (/wiki/Marc_Ecko%27s_Getting_Up:_Contents_Under_Pressure) References ^ Jump up to: a b c "Marc Ecko Biography - life, family, children, parents, name, story, school, young, born, husband, time - Newsmakers Cumulation" (http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2006-A-Ec/Ecko-Marc.html) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c " (https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=3412733&page=1) 'Gotta Be Cool': Marc Ecko's Empire" (https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=3412733&page=1) . Nick Rozon . ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) Nightline (/wiki/Nightline) . September 12, 2007 . Retrieved June 2, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Andrew Flanagan (April 23, 2018). "Marc Ecko, Complex Media Co-Founder, on His Company After Verizon and Digital Media in the Facebook Age: Q&A" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7340687/marc-ecko-complex-media-co-founder-talks-digital-strategy-facebook-age-interview) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ecko, Marc, Unlabel : selling you without selling out , Haberkorn, Todd, 1982-, Grand Haven, Michigan, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4805-3877-1 , OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 862813009 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/862813009) , retrieved July 31, 2020 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Lubow, Arthur; Chessum, Jake (March 1, 2009). "It's Going to Be Big" (https://www.inc.com/magazine/20090301/its-going-to-be-big.html) . Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) Retrieved October 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-gma_6-0) Good Morning America segment featuring Ecko's t-shirt designs (http://nymag.com/fashion/fashionshows/designers/bios/marcecko/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111006083628/http://nymag.com/fashion/fashionshows/designers/bios/marcecko/) October 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Romero, Elena, 1973- (2012) [2012]. Free stylin' : how hip hop changed the fashion industry . Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-38647-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 798820497 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/798820497) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-cfda_8-0) "Marc Ecko Collection Clothes - Clothing & Accessories by Marc Ecko Collection" (http://www.sojones.com/major-designers/marc-ecko-collection/) . March 16, 2009 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Sterlacci, Francesca (2017). Historical dictionary of the fashion industry . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4422-3908-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 969368326 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/969368326) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Appetit, Bon (November 14, 2008). "The Foodist: Food News and Trends - Bon Appétit" (http://www.bonappetit.com/blogsandforums/blogs/bafoodist/2008/11/its-an-iron-chef-america.html) . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "It's Going to Be Big" (http://www.inc.com/magazine/20090301/its-going-to-be-big.html) . Arthur Lubow . Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) March 1, 2009 . Retrieved June 2, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-huffpo_12-0) "Fashion Designer Launches Campaign To End Corporal Punishment In Schools" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/09/marc-ecko-corporal-punishment_n_833623.html) . HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) . March 9, 2011 . Retrieved November 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Marc Eckō, Unlabel: Selling You Without Selling Out , Simon & Schuster (/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster) , New York, NY, 2013. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4516-8530-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-8530-5) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1924970/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000089658810) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/130685363) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfMfWxpmbVYh4YrVbTbVC) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2013036236) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0123998&CON_LNG=ENG) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p393986500) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/4042bed2-8a25-444c-80d1-1431ed2fa94f) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐65c7cb9d7f‐sgkgw Cached time: 20240626230403 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.525 seconds Real time usage: 0.835 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2531/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41601/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2012/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 55773/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.356/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7952527/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 792.342 1 -total 32.45% 257.088 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 23.71% 187.863 1 Template:Reflist 19.11% 151.394 1 Template:Short_description 14.45% 114.465 7 Template:Cite_web 13.57% 107.546 20 Template:Main_other 11.17% 88.470 1 Template:SDcat 8.81% 69.816 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 8.56% 67.795 1 Template:Wikidata_image 8.48% 67.184 1 Template:BLP_sources Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34402811-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626230403 and revision id 1185563983. 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Ring-and-pin clothing fastener The pseudo-penannular Tara Brooch (/wiki/Tara_Brooch) , the most ornate of all, also decorated on the back (see below). Irish, early 8th century. Viking period brooch in silver from the Penrith Hoard (/wiki/Penrith_Hoard) The Celtic brooch , more properly called the penannular brooch , and its closely related type, the pseudo-penannular brooch , are types of brooch (/wiki/Brooch) clothes fasteners, often rather large; penannular means formed as an incomplete ring. They are especially associated with the beginning of the Early Medieval (/wiki/Early_Medieval) period in Ireland and Britain, although they are found in other times and places—for example, forming part of traditional female dress in areas in modern North Africa. Beginning as utilitarian fasteners in the Iron Age (/wiki/Iron_Age) and Roman period, they are especially associated with the highly ornate brooches produced in precious metal for the elites of Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) and Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) from about 700 to 900, which are popularly known as Celtic brooches or similar terms. They are the most significant objects in high-quality secular metalwork from Early Medieval Celtic art (/wiki/Celtic_art) , or Insular art (/wiki/Insular_art) , as art historians prefer to call it. The type continued in simpler forms such as the thistle brooch into the 11th century, during what is often known as the Viking (/wiki/Viking) Age in Ireland and Scotland. Both penannular and pseudo-penannular brooches feature a long pin attached by its head to a ring; the pin can move freely around the ring as far as the terminals, which are close together. In the true penannular type, the ring is not closed; there is a gap between the terminals wide enough for the pin to pass through. In the pseudo-penannular type, the ring is closed, but there are still two separately defined terminals, which are joined by a further element. The penannular type is a simple and efficient way of fastening loosely woven cloth (where the pin will not leave a permanent hole), but the pseudo-penannular type is notably less efficient. The brooches were worn by both men and women, usually singly at the shoulder by men and on the breast by women, and with the pin pointing up; an Irish law code says that in the event of injury from a pin to another person, the wearer is not at fault if the pin did not project too far and the brooch was worn in these ways by the sexes. [1] (#cite_note-1) The most elaborate examples were clearly significant expressions of status at the top of society, which were also worn by clergy, at least in Ireland, [2] (#cite_note-2) though probably to fasten copes (/wiki/Cope) and other vestments (/wiki/Vestment) rather than as everyday wear. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Senchas Mór , an early Irish law (/wiki/Early_Irish_law) tract, specified that the sons of major kings, when being fostered (/wiki/Fostering) , should have "brooches of gold having crystal inserted in them", while the sons of minor kings need wear only silver brooches. [4] (#cite_note-4) Terminology [ edit ] "Annular" means formed as a ring and "penannular" formed as an incomplete ring; both terms have a range of uses. "Pseudo-penannular" is a coinage restricted to brooches, and refers to those brooches where there is no opening in the ring, but the design retains features of a penannular brooch—for example, emphasizing two terminals. Some pseudo-penannular brooches are very similar in design to other penannular brooches, but have a small section joining the two terminals. [5] (#cite_note-5) Others have fully joined terminals, and emphasize in their design the central area where the gap would be—for example the Tara Brooch. Pseudo-penannular brooches may also be described as "annular", or as "ring brooches". [6] (#cite_note-6) The Rogart Brooch (/wiki/Rogart_Brooch) , National Museums of Scotland, FC2. Pictish (/wiki/Pict) penannular brooch, 8th century. Silver with gilding and glass. Classified as Fowler H3 type. [7] (#cite_note-7) The terms "open brooch" or "open ring brooch" are also sometimes used for penannular brooches. [8] (#cite_note-8) There is a scheme of classification originally set out, in relation to earlier types, by Elizabeth Fowler in the 1960s, which has since been extended in various versions to cover later types. [9] (#cite_note-9) Brooches of either penannular or annular type, where the pin is very large in relation to the ring, so that the ring cannot play any part in the fastening of the brooch, may be called "ring brooches", "pin brooches", or "brooch-pins"; or, especially where the ring is small and plain, "ringed pins". [10] (#cite_note-10) In these, the design of the pin head typically shows that the pin is intended to sit underneath the ring (seen from the front), rather than on top of it as in the larger brooches. [11] (#cite_note-11) "Celtic" is a term avoided by specialists in describing objects, and especially artistic styles, of the Early Middle Ages from the British Isles, but is firmly fixed in the popular mind. The term Insular art (/wiki/Insular_art) is used to describe the distinct style of art originating in the British Isles and combining Germanic, Celtic, Pictish and Mediterranean elements. Although some simpler and relatively early penannular brooches are found in Anglo-Saxon (/wiki/Anglo-Saxon) contexts, and some sub-types predominantly so, [12] (#cite_note-12) as far as is known the Anglo-Saxons did not use these brooch styles for prestige elite jewellery. However, there are elements in the style of Irish and Scottish brooches deriving from Anglo-Saxon art (/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art) , and related to Insular work in other media, especially illuminated manuscripts (/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript) . Fibula (/wiki/Fibula_(brooch)) is Latin for "brooch" and is used in modern languages to describe the many types of Roman and post-Roman Early Medieval brooches with pins and catches behind the main face of the brooch. The brooches discussed here are sometimes also called fibulae , but rarely by English-speaking specialists. Bronze zoomorphic (/wiki/Zoomorphism) penannular brooch, Co. Antrim (/wiki/County_Antrim) , 6th century AD. The Hunt Museum (/wiki/Hunt_Museum) ( Limerick (/wiki/Limerick) , Ireland). Plain silver medieval annular brooch; note that the pin cannot move along the ring Romano-British penannular brooch in bronze Simple pseudo-penannular brooch (pin missing) Pin-brooches and ring-pins Fastening the brooches [ edit ] Mock-up with modern fabric, showing how the brooches were used. [13] (#cite_note-13) Cashel Brooch, 9th or 10th century, from the Rock of Cashel (/wiki/Rock_of_Cashel) . With a penannular brooch, the pin is pushed through folds of the cloth, which are then pulled back inside the ring; the free end of the pin passes through the gap in the ring. The pin is then rotated around the ring by 90 degrees or so, so that as long as the pin is held down by slight pressure it cannot escape over the terminals, and the fastening is secure. [14] (#cite_note-14) With pseudo-penannular brooches, things are not so simple and the manner in which they were used is still debated; the method was probably not the same for all brooches. One method may have been to pull folds of the cloth through the ring until they could be pierced by the pin, and then pull the cloth back until the pin rested on the ring. This would work best with brooches with a pin not much longer than the diameter of the ring, which some have, but others do not. The second method might have been simply to pin the cloth vertically, leaving the ring hanging unattached to the cloth; this does not seem very secure. The third method relied on a length of chain or cord attached to the ring near the "terminals" (which in pseudo-penannular brooches do not actually terminate), which was used to secure the pin by tying it down, perhaps with a small pin at the end, which was also put through the cloth. The Tara Brooch (/wiki/Tara_Brooch) was probably fastened in this way. [15] (#cite_note-15) In some cases the pin was fitted with a bolt or rivet to make it removable. [16] (#cite_note-16) A further complication is that in some pseudo-penannular brooches the pin is fixed to lie in front of the ring, as in the Londesborough Brooch (/wiki/Londesborough_Brooch) (below), but in others it crosses through the ring, starting with the head end in front of the ring, but the middle of the pin behind the ring by the point where it crosses at the other side; the Tara Brooch has been displayed set up in both ways. [17] (#cite_note-17) The latter arrangement seems more common in later brooches, of the 9th century. [18] (#cite_note-18) It is fair to say that scholars remain slightly puzzled that the effective and simple penannular brooch developed in this direction, [19] (#cite_note-19) though it is presumed that the reuniting of the terminals of pseudo-penannular brooches was partly to strengthen the brooch. In many penannular brooches, the gap between the terminals is now too narrow for the pin to pass through; whether this was always the case is uncertain. History [ edit ] Roman and early Insular period [ edit ] Silver gilt "trumpet" brooch with Celtic spirals similar to those in the Book of Durrow (/wiki/Book_of_Durrow) . British, 1st or 2nd century, Trinity College Dublin (/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin) Small and simple penannular brooches in bronze, iron, and, rarely, silver were common in the Roman period as a practical fastener, but were not used for high-status objects, and any decoration was normally limited to bands around the ring or other simple patterns. [20] (#cite_note-20) Often the extra thickness at the terminal, necessary to prevent the pin just falling off, is achieved simply by turning back the ends of the ring. [21] (#cite_note-21) S-shaped enamelled brooch, 1st century, Trinity College Dublin. Celtic and Romano-British tradition In the late Roman period in Britain in the 3rd and 4th centuries, a type of penannular brooch with zoomorphic (/wiki/Zoomorphic) decoration to the terminals appeared, with human or animal heads, still not much wider than the rest of the ring. Some examples had enamel (/wiki/Vitreous_enamel) decoration, and the pin did not extend much beyond the ring. [22] (#cite_note-22) These are found especially in southwestern Britain and Wales (/wiki/Wales) , and seem to have developed in these areas. This type fell from favour in southern Britain by the 5th century, [23] (#cite_note-23) but was developed in Ireland by the 6–7th centuries. These types considerably extended the size of the terminals, which now presented a flattish area often decorated with enamel or glass inlay, mostly using abstracted patterns but sometimes zoomorphic decoration. The length of the pin is now often about twice the diameter of the ring. [24] (#cite_note-24) The Irish cultural zone in this period included much of Western Scotland, and in Pictish (/wiki/Pict) East Scotland a similar development took place, though the forms are somewhat different here. The decoration paralleled that on other metalwork fittings such as pieces of harness-tackle, [25] (#cite_note-25) and the few remaining early Christian reliquaries (/wiki/Reliquaries) and other pieces of church metalwork. Golden Age [ edit ] Tara Brooch (/wiki/Tara_Brooch) , rear view. By shortly after 700, highly elaborate, large brooches in precious metal and gems were being produced. These were clearly expressions of high status for the wearer, and use the full repertoire of goldsmith (/wiki/Goldsmith) 's techniques at a very high level of skill. They continued to be produced for about 200 years; the Pictish brooches are much more homogeneous in design than the Irish ones, which may indicate a shorter period of production, possibly from "the mid-eighth to the beginning of the ninth centuries". [26] (#cite_note-26) Each surviving design is unique, but the range of types established in the more modest earlier brooches are developed and elaborated upon. There was no previous tradition of very ornate brooches in Ireland, and this development may have come from contact with Continental elites who wore large fibulae as marks of status. Such contacts were certainly made, especially by travelling monks. [27] (#cite_note-27) Archaeological, and some literary, evidence suggests that brooches in precious metal were a mark of royal status, along with wearing a purple cloak, and it is probably as such that they are worn by Christ (/wiki/Christ) on a high cross (/wiki/High_cross) at Monasterboice (/wiki/Monasterboice) and by the Virgin Mary (/wiki/Virgin_Mary) on another. [28] (#cite_note-28) All surviving examples, numbering over 50 (not all complete) in the case of the Irish ones, [29] (#cite_note-29) have been recovered by excavation, or at least finding in the ground, but where the detailed circumstances of the find are known, few are from graves, and finds in hoards are much more common. When they were in graves, the burials are often much later than the date of the brooch, [30] (#cite_note-30) as in a brooch in the Irish 8th century style found in a Norse burial in Westray (/wiki/Westray) , Orkney (/wiki/Orkney) , [31] (#cite_note-31) and possibly the Kilmainham Brooch. [32] (#cite_note-32) Elaborate brooches often have one or more names—presumed to be those of owners—scratched on the reverse, often in runes (/wiki/Rune) . Plainer brooches in bronze and similar alloys continue to be found in much larger numbers. The Kilmainham Brooch (/wiki/Kilmainham_Brooch) (Irish, late 8th- or early 9th–century) contains influence from Pictish art (/wiki/Picts#Art) and metalwork. [33] (#cite_note-33) The most elaborate Irish brooches are pseudo-penannular, while the Scottish ones mostly retain true penannular forms. [34] (#cite_note-34) Most are silver-gilt (/wiki/Silver-gilt) , the gilding often partial. Some are gilded base metal, of bronze or copper-alloy; [35] (#cite_note-35) only one solid gold Irish brooch is known, a 9th-century one from Loughan, County Londonderry (/wiki/County_Londonderry) , which is less elaborate than most of the series, though the standard of work is very high. [36] (#cite_note-36) However, some brooches have a hidden recess which may have contained small lead weights to make the precious metal used seem more valuable than it actually was. [37] (#cite_note-37) In Ireland, the head of the pin might be turned into a focus for decoration, sometimes using a "kite"-shaped plate, such as that on the Tara Brooch; in Scotland, the pin-heads were simple circles formed by bending the pin back on itself. [38] (#cite_note-38) Scottish terminals are more often distinct lobed or square shapes extending beyond the circle of the ring on both sides, while in Irish examples, the terminals typically extend inside the ring forming another curve, but not much outside it, or sometimes form a straight line across the interior of the ring. Irish brooches may only join the two terminals by narrow strips, or not only eliminate the gap entirely, but have a central zone of decoration where the gap between the terminals would have been; the brooches found with the Ardagh Chalice (/wiki/Ardagh_Chalice) show both types. [39] (#cite_note-39) Detail of the Londesborough Brooch (/wiki/Londesborough_Brooch) (late 8th- or early 9th–century) The main body was normally cast, and a number of elements of two-piece moulds have been found. [40] (#cite_note-40) Many brooches have cells for studs or bosses that are most often round hemispheres, but may be square, lozenges or other shapes; very often the studs themselves are now missing. These are in a variety of materials including glass, enamel, amber (/wiki/Amber) , and gemstones found locally, although not including any of the classic modern "precious stones", or even the garnets (/wiki/Garnet) found in Anglo-Saxon jewellery. However the millefiori (/wiki/Millefiori) glass rods sometimes used appear to have been imported from Italy, like those used in the Anglo-Saxon jewellery from Sutton Hoo (/wiki/Sutton_Hoo) ; examples of the rods have been excavated in both Ireland and England. [41] (#cite_note-41) Like the Insular chalices and other metalwork, the very ornate Irish brooches were mostly made in many pieces which are pinned or slotted together. Filigree decoration was often made on "trays" which fitted into the main ring — on the Tara Brooch many of these are now missing (most were still in place when it was found in 1850). The Breadalbane Brooch (/wiki/Breadalbane_Brooch) , Irish, 8th century, converted from its original pseudo-penannular form in 9th century Scotland. [42] (#cite_note-42) Techniques include chip-carving (/wiki/Chip-carving) , cast "imitation chip-carving", filigree (/wiki/Filigree) , engraving (/wiki/Engraving) , inlays of various types including niello (/wiki/Niello) , glass and champlevé (/wiki/Champlev%C3%A9) enamel, and various hammering and chasing techniques: "the range of materials and techniques is almost the full range known to man." [43] (#cite_note-43) Two techniques that do not appear are the "true pierced openwork interasile (/wiki/Interasile) , much used in Byzantine jewellery", [44] (#cite_note-44) and the cloisonné (/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9) work that typified much Western European jewellery, and especially large fibulae, at the time, whether in enamel or stone inlays like the garnets used so effectively at Sutton Hoo and in the Anglo-Saxon Staffordshire Hoard (/wiki/Staffordshire_Hoard) . In the gilded brooches, enamel is restricted to studs that punctuate the composition like gems; the larger areas of champlevé found on the flared terminals of earlier types perhaps continue in simpler types, though dating is difficult. On some brooches the decoration is too detailed to be appreciated when the brooch is being worn, and some of the most elaborate brooches have their backs, invisible when worn, decorated almost as elaborately as their fronts. The Tara Brooch shows both features, and in addition, shares with some others a difference in decorative styles between front and back, with "Celtic" triskeles (/wiki/Triskele) and other spiral motifs restricted to the back, while the front has more interlace (/wiki/Interlace_(visual_arts)) and zoomorphic elements. [45] (#cite_note-45) These features are also shared by the most ornate brooches in London and Edinburgh, respectively the Londesborough and Hunterston Brooches (/wiki/Hunterston_Brooch) . [46] (#cite_note-46) This may be because decoration on the backs relies more on engraving than filigree, which would risk wires getting caught in the clothing on which the brooch was worn. [47] (#cite_note-47) Few of the major brooches, or indeed other metalwork, have been found in contexts that can be easily dated, and much of the dating of at least the earlier ones comes from comparison with Insular illuminated manuscripts (/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript) , though the dating of these is often itself far from certain. The Tara Brooch has long been recognised as having clear stylistic similarities to the Lindisfarne Gospels (/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels) , thought to date to about 698–715. Many of the similarities are to the carpet pages (/wiki/Carpet_page) , highly detailed ornamental pages filled with decoration, which share with the brooch a certain horror vacui (/wiki/Horror_vacui_(art)) that leaves no area unembellished, and also complex decoration that is extremely small and perfectly executed, and best appreciated when seen at a larger than actual scale, whether in the original or in photographs. Both combine elements from many stylistic origins into a style that is distinctly Insular: La Tène Celtic art, Germanic animal style (/wiki/Animal_style) , and classical and other Mediterranean styles. Rear of the Hunterston Brooch (/wiki/Hunterston_Brooch) , an early and elaborate Irish-style brooch found in Scotland, showing a much later Viking (/wiki/Viking) owner's inscription The Pictish (/wiki/Pict) brooches in the St Ninian's Isle Treasure (/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_Treasure) , with typical Pictish lobed terminals Pictish confronted animal terminals, St Ninian's Isle Treasure (/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_Treasure) "Brambled" terminal on a thistle brooch Later brooches, and the Vikings [ edit ] Viking (/wiki/Viking) period pennannular brooches from the Penrith Hoard (/wiki/Penrith_Hoard) , three of the " thistle (/wiki/Thistle) " type. The Vikings (/wiki/Vikings) began to raid Ireland from 795, with catastrophic effect for the monasteries (/wiki/Monastery) in particular. However, although the Vikings established several longphorts (/wiki/Longphort) , initially fortified encampments for over-wintering, and later towns like Dublin (/wiki/Dublin) , Wexford (/wiki/Wexford) , Cork (/wiki/Cork_(city)) , and Waterford (/wiki/Waterford) (the first real urban centres in Ireland), the native Irish were more successful than the English and Scots in preventing large-scale Viking takeovers of areas for settlement by farmers. By about the year 1000, the situation was relatively stable, with a mixed population of Norse-Gaels (/wiki/Norse-Gaels) in the towns and areas close to them, while the Gaelic Irish, whose elite often formed political alliances, trading partnerships and inter-marriages with Viking leaders, remained in control of the great majority of the island, and were able to draw tribute from the Viking towns. [48] (#cite_note-48) The Roscrea Brooch (/wiki/Roscrea_Brooch) , 9th century. National Museum of Ireland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland_%E2%80%93_Archaeology) Silver brooch in thistle pattern (https://www.huntmuseum.com/explore/item/97d6216a-0317-33fd-9330-fc3dd1bf4dbe/?s%3Dhca+508&pos=1) , 9th-10th century AD. The Hunt Museum (/wiki/Hunt_Museum) ( Limerick (/wiki/Limerick) , Ireland) The period is characterised by a greatly increased availability of silver, presumably the result of Viking raiding and trading, and most brooches are made from silver throughout, as gilding and decoration in other materials nearly disappears. The brooches are often large and relatively massive, but plainer than the most elaborate earlier ones, neither using older local decorative styles nor the Viking styles that were adopted in other media. This continues a trend that can be detected in later brooches from the preceding period, before much Viking influence can have made itself felt. The 9th century Roscrea Brooch (/wiki/Roscrea_Brooch) is one of a number of transitional brooches; though its form is highly ornate, with a large flat triangular pin head, the ring is thick plain silver, the gold filigree panels occupy relatively small areas, and their workmanship is a "coarse" or "crude" imitation of that of earlier works. [49] (#cite_note-49) The Kilamery Brooch is another ornate and high quality example, with a marked emphasis on plain flat silver surfaces. [50] (#cite_note-50) There are rare exceptions in which a highly decorated brooch shows Scandinavian stylistic and technical influence, notably an Irish brooch from Rathlin Island (/wiki/Rathlin_Island) , with areas stamped where the Irish tradition would have used casting. [51] (#cite_note-51) The brooches appear to have been made by "native" metalworkers, but worn by both Vikings and Gaels. [52] (#cite_note-52) The very popular thistle brooches have terminals and often pin-heads that are like thistle (/wiki/Thistle) flowers, with a ball topped by a round projection, often flared; they are called by the term regardless of whether or not the ball is "brambled"—that is, formed with a regular pattern of small tapering projections, like the two lowest brooches from the Penrith Hoard (/wiki/Penrith_Hoard) illustrated here. These, and other globular endings to terminals and pin-heads, were common, but flattened terminals continued to be made, now ornamented by round silver bosses amid simple repeated patterns, or interlace that is larger in scale than in the earlier ornate badges. In these, the ring often ends in a "gripping beast" biting the terminal plate. The mixture of types seen in the 10th century Penrith Hoard is typical. [53] (#cite_note-53) Brooches made in Scandinavia, mostly in base metal Insular brooches had been taken back to Scandinavia, and began to be produced there in the 10th century for wearing singly by men at the shoulder; Viking women wore pairs of characteristic oval brooches on the upper breast. [54] (#cite_note-54) Most were simpler than Insular examples, and several hundred in "tinned bronze rather than silver" are known. [55] (#cite_note-55) The 10th century Danish Møllerløkken Brooch is the most elaborate example known, with a simple overall design with ball terminals and pin-head, but with rich detailing such as interlace panels on the ring and filigree sections on the balls. [56] (#cite_note-56) Other Insular types were also produced in Viking areas of England, especially Scandinavian York (/wiki/Scandinavian_York) . [57] (#cite_note-57) The penannular brooch fell from common use by the end of the 11th century, a time when Ireland and Scotland, and Scandinavia, were adopting general Western European styles in many areas of both art and life. A distinctly Irish type of brooch found at the end of the Viking period is the kite brooch , whose name derives from the almond (/wiki/Almond) shape called a "kite" in heraldry (/wiki/Heraldry) , though the shapes of the heads are actually highly variable. They were apparently worn, like the larger brooches, singly with the pin pointing upwards. Only "about half a dozen" exist in silver, including examples that are much larger than average, with pins up to 7.9 cm long. [58] (#cite_note-58) In these, there is no ring, but the elaborate head is connected to a pin of very variable length by a short tab of metal that can move on joints at both ends; there is also usually a cord for winding round the pin to secure it. Only 14 of these brooches have been found to date in Ireland, many incomplete, and none elsewhere; [59] (#cite_note-59) five of these are from Dublin, the earliest from the 940s. They appear for about a further two centuries; [60] (#cite_note-60) typical medieval ring brooches dated to after 1200 have few distinctively Irish characteristics. [61] (#cite_note-61) Celtic Revival [ edit ] The brooches we have today have been discovered since the 17th century, and their odds on their survival once found have increased greatly over that period, as their value as artefacts has overtaken their scrap value. In the 19th century, as part of the Celtic Revival (/wiki/Celtic_Revival) , many brooches copying or inspired by earlier styles were made. [62] (#cite_note-62) Early medieval Irish brooch, bronze and glass. The pin lies entirely in front of the ring in this example. Much of the responsibility for the fashion for high-quality Celtic Revival jewellery belongs to George Waterhouse, a jeweller from Sheffield (/wiki/Sheffield) , England, who moved to Dublin (/wiki/Dublin) in 1842. Before the end of the decade, he and the long-established Dublin firm West & Son (/wiki/West_Jewellers) of College Green (/wiki/College_Green,_Dublin) (later moving to Grafton Street (/wiki/Grafton_Street) ) were finding it necessary to register their designs to prevent copying. Of the various types of objects made, the brooches were both the "most resonant" and those which could be sold with the least alteration to the original form and design, although the jewellers generally reduced their size and fitted them with conventional pins and catches behind, even though the Kashmir shawls (/wiki/Kashmir_shawl) that were also fashionable at the time were often loosely woven and not unsuitable for fastening in the original way. [63] (#cite_note-63) Different versions were made at different price levels, though even the most expensive struggled to recreate the full intricacy of the originals. The National Museum of Ireland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland) is clearly not correct in saying that the fashion began after Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) was presented with a replica (/wiki/Replica) of the "Cavan Brooch" on her visit to Dublin to see the Great Industrial Exhibition (/wiki/Great_Industrial_Exhibition_(1853)) in 1853; [64] (#cite_note-64) the Royal Collection (/wiki/Royal_Collection) has two brooches that Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) bought for her from West & Son in 1849 on an earlier visit to Dublin, which were already being made in editions. Albert presented them in November and at Christmas that year: "...such beautiful souvenirs, both made after those very curious old Irish ornaments we saw in the College (/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin) in Dublin, one a silver shawl brooch, in smaller size than the original" was her reaction to the November gift. [65] (#cite_note-65) A later gift from Albert included a setting of a cairngorm (/wiki/Smoky_quartz) he had picked up when walking in the Scottish Highlands (/wiki/Scottish_Highlands) , a more authentic type of gem than the brightly coloured foreign stones used in much Celtic Revival jewellery. [66] (#cite_note-66) The discovery of the Tara Brooch (/wiki/Tara_Brooch) in 1850 could therefore not have been better timed in terms of attracting public interest. It was immediately recognised as the culminating masterpiece (though early in date) of the Irish development of large and superbly worked ornate brooches, a status it has retained ever since. The brooch was soon acquired by George Waterhouse, who used it as the centre of displays of his replicas and imitations of Celtic brooches in his Dublin shop, also exhibiting it at The Great Exhibition (/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition) in London in 1851 and the Paris Exposition Universelle (1855) (/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1855)) , as well as the Dublin exhibition visited by the Queen in 1853 (Victoria had already seen it; it had been specially sent to Windsor Castle (/wiki/Windsor_Castle) for her inspection). Waterhouse had invented the brooch's name; in fact, it has nothing to do with the Hill of Tara (/wiki/Hill_of_Tara) , and while likely found some 28 km away the actual circumstances of its find still remain unclear (essentially to avoid a claim by the landowner), and Waterhouse chose to link it to the site associated with the High Kings (/wiki/High_King) of Ireland, "fully aware that this would feed the Irish middle-class fantasy of being descended from them". [67] (#cite_note-67) Describing the trend in the mid-20th century, Adolf Mahr (/wiki/Adolf_Mahr) described the tendency for giving brooches —and more importantly their replicas— such titles as "fanciful (and sometimes ridiculous)...by a firm of Dublin jewellers". [68] (#cite_note-b82-68) By the time the Tara brooch passed to what is now the National Museum of Ireland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland) in the 1870s, the "Tara brooch" had become a generic term (/wiki/Genericized_trademark) for Celtic Revival brooches, some of which were now being made by Indian (/wiki/India) workshops for export to Europe. [69] (#cite_note-69) Berber or Amazigh fibulae (/wiki/Amazigh_fibula) from southern Morocco Maghreb region in North Africa [ edit ] Penannular brooches are a characteristic type of Berber traditional silver jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery_of_the_Berber_cultures) , worn until the second half of the 20th century by Berber (/wiki/Berber_people) ( endonym (/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym) : Amazigh) women in the Maghreb (/wiki/Maghreb) . They were usually worn in symmetrical pairs and used to fix parts of unsewn draped garments, one to each side, with the pins pointing straight up. Traditionally made by Jewish (/wiki/Moroccan_Jews) silversmiths, some are plain and large brooches, not unlike some later Celtic or Viking examples, [70] (#cite_note-70) and other types have a very elaborately decorated triangular base to the pin, which can dwarf the ring. A heavy necklace often hangs between the two brooches, usually attached to a ring at the bottom of the brooch. [71] (#cite_note-71) Local names for the brooches are said to include melia , melehfa , bzima , kitfiyya , and khellala in Maghrebi Arabic (/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic) , and tabzimt , tizerzay , and tazersit in Berber (/wiki/Berber_languages) languages. [ citation needed ] As brooches similar in form and function are known from the Bronze Age (/wiki/Bronze_Age) and later Roman and Visigoth brooches (/wiki/Visigoths#Goldsmithery) , [72] (#cite_note-72) such fibulae are believed to have been in use in the Maghreb since ancient times. [73] (#cite_note-73) [74] (#cite_note-74) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Youngs, 89, NMI, O'Floinn, 172–173 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Youngs, 72, NMI, O'Floinn, 177. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Laing, 304 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Laing, 304 ^ (#cite_ref-5) For example, this brooch in the British Museum. Silver ring brooch (https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/s/silver_ring_brooch.aspx) ^ (#cite_ref-6) The last favoured by NMI, O'Floinn, 177 and entries. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Youngs, no. 111; Laing, 310 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Essentially in material aimed at the general public, to avoid the "p" word—for example, "open brooch" in the headings of the database of the National Museums of Scotland, but not in the detailed descriptions. The British Museum display captions favour "open ring". ^ (#cite_ref-9) Fowler's two papers are in Further Reading. Laing 304–316 summarizes one version of the expanded typology. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Laing, 316 and 318–320, using both, but distinguishing between them. Youngs uses the second and third (no.s 90–92, 95–96), Edwards, 141 the last. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Usually the pin is bent round to form a simple ring, and though the pin may be capable of being swivelled round to sit in front of the ring, it will then project away from the ring. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dickinson, 52–54 ^ (#cite_ref-13) At the British museum; this You Tube video shows the operation from about 1:20 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7G98BCWl8vU) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Whitfield (2001), 229–230, with diagrams. There is a short video sequence here (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ssoy95w1Fs) . See also Johns, 150. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Whitfield (2001), 229–230, with diagram of the Tara Brooch; see also a series of photos from the National Museums of Scotland (http://nms.scran.ac.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-190-001-178-C&scache=73160e864v&searchdb=scran) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Laing, 310 ^ (#cite_ref-17) The photographs here, showing the pin lying on top, were taken at the NMI in 2010; the illustrations in "NMI" of 2002, and Youngs of 1989, show it crossing through the ring. ^ (#cite_ref-18) For example the Roscrea, Ardagh, and Killamery Brooches - respectively Youngs, nos. 79, 76 & 80, and also in NMI. Which brooches have removable pins, so that the arrangement can be altered, is not always clear from the sources. ^ (#cite_ref-19) See, for example, Youngs, 89. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Johns, 150–151. Examples of Romano-British penannular broches from Darwin Country (http://www.darwincountry.org/explore/013338.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210417145708/http://www.darwincountry.org/explore/013338.html) 2021-04-17 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-21) Example from the UK Detector Finds Database (http://www.ukdfd.co.uk/ukdfddata/showrecords.php?product=632&cat=all) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Youngs, 21, and no. 15. NMI, O'Floinn, 172–173 ^ (#cite_ref-23) NMI, O'Floinn, 173; another summary account (http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/rpr/index.php/objectbiographies/74-an-irish-bronze-brooch-18847913) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Youngs, 21–22, and catalogue nos. 16–19; NMI, no. 5:5; example from the British Museum (https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/p/penannular_brooch.aspx) ^ (#cite_ref-25) See Youngs, 117–120 for examples ^ (#cite_ref-26) Youngs, 90 ^ (#cite_ref-27) Whitfield (2001), 217 ^ (#cite_ref-28) Whitfield (2001), 223-226 ^ (#cite_ref-29) NMI, O'Floinn, 177 ^ (#cite_ref-30) Laing, 304, ^ (#cite_ref-31) Youngs, no. 195. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Ship, Harrison, 72; Youngs, no. 74; NMI, 185 ^ (#cite_ref-33) Swift, Catherine. " English and Pictish Terms for Brooch in an 8th-century Irish Law-Text (https://www.academia.edu/1285310/English_and_Pictish_Terms_for_Brooch_in_an_8th_century_Irish_Law_Text?auto=download) ". Medieval Archaeology , 2004. Retrieved 29 October 2021 ^ (#cite_ref-34) Youngs, 89–90 ^ (#cite_ref-35) For example, Youngs nos.195 and 75 ^ (#cite_ref-36) Youngs, no. 83; NMI, 184; photo (http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/brooches/derry.html) ^ (#cite_ref-37) British Museum (https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/s/silver_ring_brooch.aspx) , mentioning two examples. ^ (#cite_ref-38) Youngs, 90 ^ (#cite_ref-39) NMI, 245 ^ (#cite_ref-40) Youngs, 170–171, 189–193; NMI, 176–177 ^ (#cite_ref-41) Youngs, 202–204 ^ (#cite_ref-42) Youngs, 94–95 ^ (#cite_ref-43) Youngs, 171–173, quote 171 ^ (#cite_ref-44) Youngs, 171–173 ^ (#cite_ref-45) NMI, O'Floinn, 177; Youngs, 207 ^ (#cite_ref-46) Youngs, nos. 69 and 71; Hunterston Brooch from NMI (http://nms.scran.ac.uk/database/results.php?offset=1&no_results=12&scache=73160e864v&searchdb=scran&sortby=&sortorder=ASC&field=&searchterm=%2B%22Melbrigda%22) ; see external links for the other museum pages. ^ (#cite_ref-47) NMI, 183 ^ (#cite_ref-48) Ship, Doherty, 34–35 ^ (#cite_ref-49) NMI, 215–216, and 230, "crude"; Youngs, no. 79, "coarse". Illustration here (http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/brooches/roscrea.html) ^ (#cite_ref-50) NMI, 215; photo (http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/brooches/kilamery.html) ^ (#cite_ref-51) Ship, O'Floinn, 90; ^ (#cite_ref-52) NMI, Wallace, 213–216 ^ (#cite_ref-53) Compare the very similar selections of brooches illustrated at NMI 238 and 240. ^ (#cite_ref-54) Vikings, 102 ^ (#cite_ref-55) Ship, O'Floinn, 89 ^ (#cite_ref-56) Vikings, 112–113, 146; Ship, O'Floinn, 89 ^ (#cite_ref-57) Laing, 312 ^ (#cite_ref-58) NMI, 227 ^ (#cite_ref-59) Whitfield (2005), 64–67; The Waterford Kite brooch (http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/arts-literature/the-virtual-museum/waterford-museum-of-treas/personal-adornment/the-waterford-kite-brooch/index.xml) , plus one in the next reference. ^ (#cite_ref-60) kite brooches (https://books.google.com/books?id=DS4oLkj3pnMC&dq=%22Kite+brooch%22&pg=PA67) ^ (#cite_ref-61) The Waterford Ring Brooch (http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/arts-literature/the-virtual-museum/waterford-museum-of-treas/personal-adornment/the-waterford-gold-ring-b/index.xml) ^ (#cite_ref-62) Victorian penannular brooches (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/?listing_type=imagetext&offset=0&limit=15&narrow=0&q=penannular+brooch&commit=Search&quality=0&objectnamesearch=&placesearch=&after=&after-adbc=AD&before=&before-adbc=AD&namesearch=&materialsearch=&mnsearch=&locationsearch=) from the V&A Museum (/wiki/V%26A_Museum) . ^ (#cite_ref-63) Gere and Rudoe, 444. ^ (#cite_ref-64) NMI, 5:21 ^ (#cite_ref-65) Royal Collection (http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/egallery/object.asp?searchText=brooch&x=10&y=7&pagesize=20&object=12457&row=15&detail=about) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110609042602/http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/egallery/object.asp?searchText=brooch&x=10&y=7&pagesize=20&object=12457&row=15&detail=about) June 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Brooch given in November 1849, and Christmas 1849 (http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/egallery/object.asp?searchText=brooch&x=10&y=7&pagesize=20&object=4833&row=16&detail=about) . Their fabrication was sub-contracted to Edward Johnston's workshop. See also the V&A text at the link above, also dating the fashion to the 1840s. ^ (#cite_ref-66) British Museum (https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=82803&partid=1) Waterhouse replica of the Tara Brooch, with text from "catalogue of Hull Grundy Gift (Gere et al 1984) no. 989" covering other replicas and the revived brooch in general ^ (#cite_ref-67) Gere and Rudoe, 444; British Museum: Waterhouse replica of the Tara Brooch, see note above. ^ (#cite_ref-b82_68-0) Briggs (2017), p. 82 ^ (#cite_ref-69) Gere and Rudoe, 455 ^ (#cite_ref-70) The Berber brooches are similar in form and function to large penannular brooches found in early medieval Celtic art. See Johns, Catherine (1996). The jewellery of Roman Britain : Celtic and classical traditions . London: UCL Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-85728-566-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 35732358 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35732358) . ^ (#cite_ref-71) Camps-Fabrer, Henriette (1997-08-01). "Fibule" (https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2050) . Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (18): 2817–2825. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2050 (https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fencyclopedieberbere.2050) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1015-7344 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1015-7344) . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "Eagle Fibula" (https://art.thewalters.org/detail/16373/eagle-fibula-3/) . The Walters Art Museum . Retrieved 2022-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) Victoria and Albert Museum. "Penannular Brooch | Unknown | V&A Explore The Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O79372/) . Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections . Retrieved 2022-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-74) In her article about the history and usage of fibulae , Camps-Fabrer (1997) mentions the oldest known specimens of fibulae in the Maghreb: "However, from the Bronze Age, two types of fibulae appeared. The first is represented by a bow fibula which comes from the Beni Messous dolmen, unfortunately lost but described by Doctor Bertherand. The second type also found in Beni Messous is an omega fibula which is kept at the Bardo Museum in Algiers: it is an open ring whose ends are reinforced by polyhedra; a barb movable along the ring is made of a narrow sheet of bronze, one end of which is wrapped around the ring, the other ending in a point." Translated from the French original at Camps-Fabrer, H. (1997-08-01). "Fibule" (https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2050) . Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (18): 2817–2825. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2050 (https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fencyclopedieberbere.2050) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1015-7344 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1015-7344) . References [ edit ] Briggs, Stephen. "The Roscrea Brooch Re-Provenanced?". Ulster Journal of Archaeology , volume 74, 2017. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 26788433 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26788433) Dickinson, Tania M. (/wiki/Tania_Dickinson) Fowler's Type G penannular brooches reconsidered , 1982, Medieval Archaeology, PDF (http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-769-1/ahds/dissemination/pdf/vol26/26_041_068.pdf) Edwards, Nancy. The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland . Routledge, 1996, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-415-22000-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-22000-9) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-22000-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22000-2) Gere, C. and Rudoe J. Jewellery in the Age of Queen Victoria: a Mirror to the World . British Museum Publications, 2010. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7141-2819-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-2819-8) Henderson, George; Henderson, Isabel. The Art of the Picts: Sculpture and Metalwork in Early Medieval Scotland . Thames and Hudson, 2004. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-5002-8963-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5002-8963-1) Johns, Catherine. The Jewellery of Roman Britain: Celtic and Classical Traditions , Routledge, 1996. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85728-566-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85728-566-6) Laing, Lloyd Robert. The archaeology of late Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. 400–1200 AD . Taylor & Francis, 1975. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-416-82360-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-416-82360-8) Moss, Rachel (/wiki/Rachel_Moss_(art_historian)) (2014). Medieval c. 400—c. 1600: Art and Architecture of Ireland . Yale University Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-3001-7919-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3001-7919-4) "Ship": Larsen, Anne Christine (ed), The Vikings in Ireland , 2001, The Viking Ship Museum, Roskilde, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 87-85180-42-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-85180-42-4) , online text (https://www.scribd.com/doc/23478636/The-Viking-Ship-Museum-Vikings-in-Ireland) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010150/https://www.scribd.com/doc/23478636/The-Viking-Ship-Museum-Vikings-in-Ireland) 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Wallace, Patrick F.; Ó Floinn, Raghnall (/wiki/Raghnall_%C3%93_Floinn) (eds) (2002). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities , Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7171-2829-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-2829-6) Whitfield, Niamh (2001). The "Tara" Brooch , in Hourihane, Colum (ed), From Ireland coming: Irish art from the early Christian to the late Gothic period and its European context . Princeton University Press, 2001. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-691-08825-X (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-08825-X) , 9780691088259 Whitfield, Niamh (2005). "A brooch fragment from Dublin", in Bork, Robert Odell and Montgomery, Scott, De re metallica: the uses of metal in the Middle Ages , 2005, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7546-5048-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-5048-0) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-5048-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5048-5) , google books (https://books.google.com/books?id=DS4oLkj3pnMC&dq=%22Kite+brooch%22&pg=PA67) Whitfield, Niamh. " More Thoughts on the Wearing of Brooches in Early Medieval Ireland (https://www.academia.edu/11446135/_More_thoughts_on_the_wearing_of_brooches_in_Early_Medieval_Ireland_in_C_Hourihane_ed_Irish_Art_Historical_Studies_in_Honour_of_Peter_Harbison_Index_of_Christian_Art_Princeton_and_Four_Courts_Press_Dublin_2004_pp_70-108) ". In: Hourihane, Colum (ed), Irish Art Historical Studies in honour of Peter Harbison , 2004. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-8518-2847-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8518-2847-0) Youngs, Susan (ed). The Work of Angels: Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork: 6th to 9th Centuries . University of Texas Press, 1989. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-02927-9058-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-02927-9058-2) Further reading [ edit ] Fowler, Elizabeth. The origins and developments of the penannular brooch in Europe , Proceedings of Prehistorical Society, XXVI, 1960, Cambridge, 149–177 (with the next paper initiated the Fowler typology). Fowler, Elizabeth. Celtic Metalwork of the fifth and sixth centuries A.D.: A Reappraisal , Archaeological Journal 120 (1963), 99160 Graham-Campbell, J. (/wiki/James_Graham-Campbell) , Some Viking-Age penannular brooches from Scotland and the origins of the 'thistle-brooch' in From the stone age to the 'forty-five: studies presented to R. B. K. Stevenson, former Keeper, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1983), pp. 310–23 External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Penannular brooches (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Penannular_brooches) . Irish Brooches of the Early Medieval Celtic Period, An exhibition by Alisa Petti (http://www.unc.edu/celtic/catalogue/brooches/index.html) The Londesborough Brooch (https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/t/the_londesborough_brooch.aspx) Hunterston Brooch (http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_collections/highlights/hunterston_brooch.aspx) National Museums of Scotland (/wiki/National_Museums_of_Scotland) St Ninian's Isle Treasure (https://web.archive.org/web/20100824052905/http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_collections/collection_highlights/st_ninians_isle_treasure.aspx) , National Museums of Scotland Victorian web (http://www.victorianweb.org/art/design/jewelry/gallery1.html) , gallery of "Victorian Jewelry: Celtic Revival Work in Ireland" Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D. (http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/113771/rec/1) , an exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Penannular brooches (cat. no. 40, 41, 42, 46–52) v t e Celtic brooch Extant Ballinderry Brooch (/wiki/Ballinderry_Brooch) (late 6th or early 7th c) Tara Brooch (/wiki/Tara_Brooch) (c. 710 to 750) Rogart Brooch (/wiki/Rogart_Brooch) (8th c) Londesborough Brooch (/wiki/Londesborough_Brooch) (late 8th or early 9th c) Hunterston Brooch (/wiki/Hunterston_Brooch) (8th c) Kilmainham Brooch (/wiki/Kilmainham_Brooch) (late 8th or early 9th c) Breadalbane Brooch (/wiki/Breadalbane_Brooch) (8th & 9th c) Ardagh Hoard (/wiki/Ardagh_Hoard) (8th & 9th c) St Ninian's Isle Treasure (/wiki/St_Ninian%27s_Isle_Treasure) (8th & 9th c) Roscrea Brooch (/wiki/Roscrea_Brooch) (9th c) Penrith Hoard (/wiki/Penrith_Hoard) (10th c) Styles Celtic brooch Insular art (/wiki/Insular_art) Irish art (/wiki/Irish_art) Pictish art (/wiki/Picts#Art) Scottish art (/wiki/Scottish_art) Collections British Museum (/wiki/British_Museum) National Museum of Ireland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland_%E2%80%93_Archaeology) National Museum of Scotland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland) Ulster Museum (/wiki/Ulster_Museum) v t e Insular art (/wiki/Insular_art) Types Bell shrine (/wiki/Bell_shrine) Celtic brooch Crucifixion plaque (/wiki/Crucifixion_plaque) Cumdach (/wiki/Cumdach) Illuminated manuscript (/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript) Insular crozier (/wiki/Insular_crozier) High cross (/wiki/High_cross) House-shaped shrine (/wiki/House-shaped_shrine) Pictish stone (/wiki/Pictish_stone) Processional cross (/wiki/Processional_cross) Techniques Carpet page (/wiki/Carpet_page) Celtic knot (/wiki/Celtic_knot) Insular illumination (/wiki/Insular_illumination) Interlace (/wiki/Interlace_(art)) Triple spiral (/wiki/Triskelion) Examples Ballinderry Brooch (/wiki/Ballinderry_Brooch) (late 6th or early 7th c) Rinnegan Crucifixion Plaque (/wiki/Rinnegan_Crucifixion_Plaque) (late 7th or early 8th century) Hunterston Brooch (/wiki/Hunterston_Brooch) (c. 700) Book of Durrow (/wiki/Book_of_Durrow) (c. 700) Tara Brooch (/wiki/Tara_Brooch) (c. 710-750) Lichfield Gospels (/wiki/Lichfield_Gospels) (c. 730) Lindisfarne Gospels (/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels) (c. 730) Ardagh Chalice (/wiki/Ardagh_Hoard) (c. 750) Rogart Brooch (/wiki/Rogart_Brooch) (8th c.) Moylough Belt-Shrine (/wiki/Moylough_Belt-Shrine) (8th c.) St. Fillan's Crozier (/wiki/St._Fillan%27s_Crozier) (8th c.) Book of Dimma (/wiki/Book_of_Dimma) (8th c.) Ruthwell Cross (/wiki/Ruthwell_Cross) (8th c.) Breadalbane Brooch (/wiki/Breadalbane_Brooch) (8th c.) Monymusk Reliquary (/wiki/Monymusk_Reliquary) (8th c.) Stowe Missal (/wiki/Stowe_Missal) (after 792) Tully Lough Cross (/wiki/Tully_Lough_Cross) (8th or 9th c.) Londesborough Brooch (/wiki/Londesborough_Brooch) (8th or 9th c.) Derrynaflan Chalice (/wiki/Derrynaflan_Chalice) (8th or 9th c.) Domnach Airgid (/wiki/Domnach_Airgid) (8th or 9th & 14 c.) Kilmainham Brooch (/wiki/Kilmainham_Brooch) (late 8th or early 9th c.) Book of Kells (/wiki/Book_of_Kells) (9th c.) Book of Armagh (/wiki/Book_of_Armagh) (9th c.) Prosperous Crozier (/wiki/Prosperous_Crozier) , (late 9th or early 10th c.) Muiredach's High Cross (/wiki/Muiredach%27s_High_Cross) (9th or 10th c.) Kells Crozier (/wiki/Kells_Crozier) (c. 9–11th c.) Ardboe High Cross (/wiki/Ardboe_High_Cross) (10th c.) Corp Naomh (/wiki/Corp_Naomh) (10th and 15th c.) Soiscél Molaisse (/wiki/Soisc%C3%A9l_Molaisse) (c. 1001–1011) Clonmacnoise Crucifixion Plaque (/wiki/Clonmacnoise_Crucifixion_Plaque) (late 10th or early 11th c.) Bell Shrine of St. Mura (/wiki/Bell_Shrine_of_St._Mura) (11th c.) Breac Maodhóg (/wiki/Breac_Maodh%C3%B3g) (c. 11th c.) Shrine of Miosach (/wiki/Shrine_of_Miosach) (11th c.) Cathach of St. Columba (/wiki/Cathach_of_St._Columba) (shrine: late 11th c.) Clonmacnoise Crozier (/wiki/Clonmacnoise_Crozier) (late 11th c.) River Laune Crozier (/wiki/River_Laune_Crozier) (late 11th c.) Shrine of St. Patrick's Bell (/wiki/Shrine_of_St._Patrick%27s_Bell) (c. 1094–1105) Lismore Crozier (/wiki/Lismore_Crozier) (c. 1100) Shrine of Saint Lachtin's Arm (/wiki/Shrine_of_Saint_Lachtin%27s_Arm) (c. 1120) Bell Shrine of St. Cuileáin (/wiki/Bell_Shrine_of_St._Cuile%C3%A1in) (late-11th c.) Cross of Cong (/wiki/Cross_of_Cong) (early 12th c.) Shrine of St Patrick's Tooth (/wiki/Shrine_of_St_Patrick%27s_Tooth) (12th & late 14th c.) 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German fashion designer and professor in New York City Philippa Lindenthal (born March 1, 1976 in Frankfurt am Main (/wiki/Frankfurt) ) is a German fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . [1] (#cite_note-1) and professor (/wiki/Professor) [2] (#cite_note-2) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life and education [ edit ] Lindenthal grew up in Frankfurt am Main (/wiki/Frankfurt) , Schwanheim (/wiki/Schwanheim_(Frankfurt_am_Main)) and received her high school diploma (/wiki/High_school_diploma) in 1995 from the Schillerschule in Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen. Between high school and university, she completed a two and a half year tailoring apprenticeship with Salon Elise Topell, an haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) design studio in Wiesbaden (/wiki/Wiesbaden) . [4] (#cite_note-4) While at the University of Applied Sciences (/wiki/Hamburg_University_of_Applied_Sciences) in Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) , she was invited to Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) as a finalist in the Onward Kashiyama Fashion Grand Prix. [5] (#cite_note-5) She graduated in 2003 with a diploma (/wiki/Diploma) (equivalent to a BFA degree (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) ) in fashion design. With honors and a grant from the Karl-Heinz Ditze Foundation and two full-time scholarships from the Carl Duisberg Society (now inWent Society) and the German Academic Exchange Service (/wiki/German_Academic_Exchange_Service) , she studied in London at the renowned Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) and in 2005 received a Master of Fine Arts (/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts) in Fashion Womenswear. [6] (#cite_note-6) .The same year, she was a finalist for a design competition by United Arrows (/wiki/United_Arrows) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Career [ edit ] Established in 2005, her fashion design label philippa lindenthal has included [8] (#cite_note-8) womenswear, [9] (#cite_note-9) knitwear [10] (#cite_note-10) and menswear. [11] (#cite_note-11) Her collections [12] (#cite_note-12) have been shown at Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) , [13] (#cite_note-13) Düsseldorf Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_week) , [14] (#cite_note-14) and Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . She represented Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) in the European Capital of Culture (/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture) , Marseille (/wiki/Marseille) fashion show. She has extensive experience as a designer for DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander_(brand)) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) and Rene Lezard. [17] (#cite_note-17) She has also taught internationally at various institutions, including for FIT at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou, [18] (#cite_note-18) and at ESMOD Berlin, aid Berlin, Akademie Mode Design Hamburg, [19] (#cite_note-19) JAK Hamburg and HAW Hamburg. [20] (#cite_note-20) Since 2015 she has been a professor of fashion design at the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) [21] (#cite_note-21) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) [22] (#cite_note-22) Trivia [ edit ] Another Lindenthal who came from the region of her ancestors was Gustav Lindenthal (/wiki/Gustav_Lindenthal) , who designed the Hell Gate Bridge (/wiki/Hell_Gate_Bridge) in New York City. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Philippa Lindenthal" (https://www.notjustalabel.com/philippa-lindenthal) . Not Just A Label . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Faculty Profile - Philippa Lindenthal" (https://fashionshow.fitnyc.edu/fof2023/articles/faculty/philippa-lindenthal.html) . Future of Fashion . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Faculty Profile - Philippa Lindenthal" (https://fashionshow.fitnyc.edu/2021/05/14/philippa-lindenthal/) . Future of Fashion . 14 May 2021 . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Elise Topell Haute Couture" (https://www.linkedin.com/in/philippa-lindenthal-8b196713/?locale=en_US) . Retrieved 8 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Onward Kashiyama Fashion Grand Prix" (https://www.linkedin.com/in/philippa-lindenthal-8b196713/details/honors/?locale=en_US) . LinkedIn . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Royal College of Art MA Fashion Show 2005" (https://www.fashioncapital.co.uk/industry/news/325-lifestyle/11280-royal-college-of-art-ma-fashion-show-2005/) . Fashion capital . 13 June 2005 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Faculty Profile - Philippa Lindenthal" (https://fashionshow.fitnyc.edu/fof2023/articles/faculty/philippa-lindenthal.html) . Future of Fashion . Retrieved 8 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Philippa Lindenthal" (https://issuu.com/designxport/docs/designxportzeitung_ausgabe_2) . designxport . 25 November 2010 . Retrieved 8 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Altrock, Vera (3 December 2010). "Hamburgs Modewoche im Stilwerk" (https://www.abendblatt.de/angebot/reportage/article107924872/Hamburgs-Modewoche-im-Stilwerk.html) . Hamburger Abendblatt . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Igelbrink, Jörg (2020). Perceived Brand Localness . Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. p. 87. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-658-28766-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Naturburschen im Büro" (https://www.manager-magazin.de/lifestyle/mode/a-849892.html) . manager magazin . 3 September 2012 . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Altrock, Vera (8 January 2011). "Lässige Eleganz" (https://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/article107928790/Laessige-Eleganz.html) . Hamburger Abendblatt. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Beck's Fashion Experience in Berlin" (https://fashionunited.de/nachrichten/mode/beck-s-fashion-experience-in-berlin/2003120428709) . Fashion United . 4 December 2003 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Fashion Net Night: Gäste feiern zu Mark Ronson" (https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/duesseldorf/fashion-net-night-gaeste-feiern-zu-mark-ronson_bid-13596285#0) . Rheinische Post . 6 February 2011 . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Wool school 2013 - dynamic heritage" (https://www.campaignforwool.org/wool-school-2013-dynamic-heritage-2/) . THE CAMPAIGN FOR WOOL, Patron: The former Prince of Wales . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Mode von Philippa Lindenthal" (https://www.abendblatt.de/angebot/reportage/article107894074/Mode-von-Philippa-Lindenthal.html) . Hamburger Abendblatt . 3 December 2010 . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Faculty Profile - Philippa Lindenthal" (https://fashionshow.fitnyc.edu/fof2023/articles/faculty/philippa-lindenthal.html) . FIT - Future of Fashion . Retrieved 8 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Philippa Lindenthal - Faculty Profile" (https://fashionshow.fitnyc.edu/fof2024/articles/faculty/philippa-lindenthal.html) . Future of Fashion . Future of Fashion . Retrieved 8 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Ratter, Christopher (21 August 2017). "Wenn der Anzugträger zum Holzfällerhemd greift" (https://www.welt.de/lifestyle/article108610422/Wenn-der-Anzugtraeger-zum-Holzfaellerhemd-greift.html) . WELT . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Einladung zur Jahresausstellung mit Modenschau, Filmfest und Games-Präsentation an der Fakultät Design, Medien Information" (https://www.haw-hamburg.de/detail/news/news/show/372013-einladung-zur-jahresausstellung-mit-modenschau-filmfest-und-games-praesentation-an-der-fakultaet-design-medien-information/) . HAW Hamburg . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "PHILIPPA LINDENTHAL FDGA 2016" (https://www.fitnyc.edu/gateways/employees/faculty-academic-support/cet/fdga/2015-2016/lindenthal-philippa.php) . FITNYC . Retrieved 28 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Philippa Lindenthal" (https://institutionalrepository.fitnyc.edu/search?q=%22Lindenthal%2C+Philippa%22&suggester=true) . institutional repository . Retrieved 8 April 2024 . 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< Wikipedia talk:Featured topics (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Featured_topics) This page serves as a project discussion for the Fully featured topic (/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics) , Overview of Regine Velasquez . Every article in this topic is featured if possible. Appropriate discussion on this page includes: Working definition of the topic. Vital improvements to articles necessary to maintain status for the topic. Potential improvements to the topic's member articles. Possible additions to the scope of the topic. General questions about maintaining good and featured topics can also be referred to Wikipedia talk:Good topics (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Good_topics) and Wikipedia talk:Featured topics (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Featured_topics) . Topic milestones Date Process Result January 4, 2022 Featured topic candidate (/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_and_good_topic_candidates/Overview_of_Regine_Velasquez/archive1) Promoted with articles Regine Velasquez (/wiki/Regine_Velasquez) , List of awards and nominations received by Regine Velasquez (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Regine_Velasquez) , Regine Velasquez on screen and stage (/wiki/Regine_Velasquez_on_screen_and_stage) , Regine Velasquez discography (/wiki/Regine_Velasquez_discography) , List of songs recorded by Regine Velasquez (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Regine_Velasquez) , and List of Regine Velasquez live performances (/wiki/List_of_Regine_Velasquez_live_performances) Current Status: Featured topic This project page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to multiple WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) . Biography (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Biography (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography) , a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Wikipedia's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to join the project (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Members) and contribute to the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography) . For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the documentation (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Biography/doc) . Biography Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography Template:WikiProject Biography biography articles Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. 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Indian model and actress Siya Malasi Nationality Indian Occupations Actress model Siya Malasi is an Indian actress and model. She was a contestant in the second season of MTV Supermodel of the Year (/wiki/MTV_Supermodel_of_the_Year) in 2021. In 2023, she portrayed the character Chandi in the Hindi-language action crime drama Rana Naidu (/wiki/Rana_Naidu) . Later that year, she starred in the debut commercial for Tata Starbucks (/wiki/Tata_Starbucks) 's #ItStartsWithYourName campaign, which went viral (/wiki/Viral_video) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) and Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , receiving over 12 million views and leading some people to call for a boycott of Starbucks. Biography [ edit ] In 2021, Malasi was a contestant on the second season of the Indian reality television competition show MTV Supermodel of the Year (/wiki/MTV_Supermodel_of_the_Year) , where she placed tenth. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) While competing on the series, she talked openly about coming out (/wiki/Coming_out) as a transgender woman. [3] (#cite_note-in-3) Malasi continues to work as model, and appeared in a haircare campaign for Tweak India . [4] (#cite_note-4) As an actress, Malasi has appeared in television series and commercials. In 2023, she played Chandi in the Indian Hindi action crime drama Rana Naidu (/wiki/Rana_Naidu) . [5] (#cite_note-news18-5) In March 2023, Malasi portrayed Arpita, a transgender woman meeting with her parents in a coffee shop, in a Pride Month (/wiki/Pride_Month) commercial for Starbucks (/wiki/Tata_Starbucks) , which launched the company's campaign titled #ItStartsWithYourName. [6] (#cite_note-post-6) The commercial went viral (/wiki/Viral_video) and was received over twelve million views on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) and Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . [6] (#cite_note-post-6) The campaign caused debate on social media platforms, with some calling for a boycott of Starbucks and other's celebrating the company's LGBTQ inclusivity. [6] (#cite_note-post-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Winters, Bryce J. (22 October 2021). "Supermodel of the year season 2 winner: Roshni Dada is the winner of Supermodel of the year season 2" (https://thenewscrunch.com/supermodel-of-the-year-season-2-winner-roshni-dada-is-the-winner-of-supermodel-of-the-year-season-2/39600/) . TheNewsCrunch . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Digital Desk, Northeast Live (24 October 2021). "MTV Supermodel: Arunachal's Roshni Dada Wins, Sikkim's Eksha Runner Up" (https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/mtv-supermodel-arunachals-roshni-dada-wins-sikkims-eksha-runner-up/) . Northeast Live . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-in_3-0) Sahu, Sushri (5 October 2021). "MTV Supermodel of The Year Fame Siya Malasi On How Inclusive Fashion Is And Her Experience As A Trans Woman" (https://in.mashable.com/culture/25151/mtv-supermodel-of-the-year-fame-siya-malasi-on-how-inclusive-fashion-is-and-her-experience-as-a-tran) . Mashable India . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Chawla, Trisha (8 November 2019). "5 unholy habits causing hair damage when you least expect it" (https://tweakindia.com/beauty/hair/5-unholy-habits-causing-hair-damage/) . Tweak India . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-news18_5-0) "Gaurav Chopra Opens Up on Doing Sex Scene With Trans Actor in Rana Naidu, Says 'It Was Bold...' | Exclusive" (https://www.news18.com/movies/gaurav-chopra-opens-up-on-sexually-explicit-scene-with-trans-actor-in-rana-naidu-says-it-was-bold-7392715.html) . News18 . 27 March 2023 . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . ^ a b c Suliman, Adela; Hassan, Jennifer. "Why a Starbucks ad on trans rights sparked joy and fury in India" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/20/starbucks-india-transgender-ad/) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . 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Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands) and retail chains. v t e Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) Brands Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic) Old Navy (/wiki/Old_Navy) Intermix (/wiki/Intermix_(fashion)) Hill City (/wiki/Hill_City_(fashion)) Athleta (/w/index.php?title=Athleta_(fashion)&action=edit&redlink=1) People Donald Fisher (/wiki/Donald_Fisher) Doris F. Fisher (/wiki/Doris_F._Fisher) Robert J. Fisher (/wiki/Robert_J._Fisher) William S. Fisher (/wiki/William_S._Fisher) John J. Fisher (/wiki/John_Fisher_(baseball_owner)) Discontinued and former brands Forth & Towne (/wiki/Forth_%26_Towne) Piperlime (/wiki/Piperlime) Pottery Barn (/wiki/Pottery_Barn) (sold to Williams-Sonoma, Inc. (/wiki/Williams-Sonoma,_Inc.) ) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐pp5sm Cached time: 20240712173232 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.110 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 73/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6095/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 100/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8141/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.071/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 783020/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 98.460 1 -total 97.41% 95.906 1 Template:Gap_Inc. 95.71% 94.235 1 Template:Navbox 2.52% 2.485 1 Template:C 1.39% 1.365 1 Template:Small Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5317625-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173232 and revision id 991116819. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Gap brands" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) B Baby Gap (/wiki/Baby_Gap) Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic) F Forth & Towne (/wiki/Forth_%26_Towne) G Gap Kids (/wiki/Gap_Kids) I Intermix (fashion) (/wiki/Intermix_(fashion)) O Old Navy (/wiki/Old_Navy) P Piperlime (/wiki/Piperlime) Y Yeezy Gap (/wiki/Yeezy_Gap) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Gap_brands&oldid=991116819 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Gap_brands&oldid=991116819) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of the United States (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_the_United_States) Brands by company (/wiki/Category:Brands_by_company) Gap Inc. (/wiki/Category:Gap_Inc.)
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Swedish runway model (born 1993) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Linnea_Regnander&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Linnea+Regnander&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Linnea+Regnander) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Linnea_Regnander) for suggestions. ( March 2018 ) Linnea Regnander Adina Linnea Birgitta Regnander (born 1 April 1993) is a Swedish (/wiki/Swedes) runway model. Regnander studied at Kunskapsgymnasiet in Västerås (/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s) , she lives in the town but has also in periods been living in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia with her family. Regnander started working as a model with Stockholmsgruppen at the age of sixteen. She got her breakthrough in July 2010 when she did runway work for designer Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) . [1] (#cite_note-jameslim-1) Since then she has done runway work for designers like Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Alexis Mabille (/wiki/Alexis_Mabille) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) and Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) . [1] (#cite_note-jameslim-1) Regnander has also done commercial jobs for the brands Uggs (/wiki/Uggs) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , Other Stories (/w/index.php?title=Other_Stories&action=edit&redlink=1) , Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) , Boomerang and GAP (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b James Lim. "Meet the New Girl: Linnea Regnander Noms on Popcorn and M&M's in the Same Bucket" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2010/12/meet_the_new_girl_1.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 3 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "H&M Archives - Linnea Regnander" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150318040516/http://linnearegnander.freshnet.com/tag/hm/) . Linnea Regnander . Archived from the original (http://linnearegnander.freshnet.com/tag/hm/) on 18 March 2015 . Retrieved 3 September 2015 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Linnea Regnander (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Linnea_Regnander) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐xsz9k Cached time: 20240721103938 Cache expiry: 912023 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.255 seconds Real time usage: 0.804 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 468/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13116/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1820/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10266/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.159/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4316269/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 343.181 1 -total 33.24% 114.085 1 Template:Short_description 27.84% 95.534 2 Template:Cite_web 21.94% 75.311 1 Template:Orphan 20.11% 69.023 1 Template:Draft_other 19.40% 66.585 1 Template:Ambox 16.37% 56.192 2 Template:Main_other 15.70% 53.891 1 Template:SDcat 15.07% 51.734 1 Template:Commonscat 13.57% 46.559 1 Template:Sister_project Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47713906-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721103938 and revision id 1052400180. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linnea_Regnander&oldid=1052400180 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linnea_Regnander&oldid=1052400180) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Swedish female models (/wiki/Category:Swedish_female_models) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1993 births (/wiki/Category:1993_births) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Orphaned articles from March 2018 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_March_2018) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Shoe with a T-shaped strap This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/T-bar_sandal) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "T-bar sandal" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22T-bar+sandal%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22T-bar+sandal%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22T-bar+sandal%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22T-bar+sandal%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22T-bar+sandal%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22T-bar+sandal%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Classic T-bar shoes by Start-rite (/wiki/Start-rite) (known as Sonnet in the United States) A T-bar sandal or T-bar shoe (also known in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) as "school sandal" or "closed-toe sandal") is a closed, low-cut shoe with two or more straps forming one or more T shapes (one or more straps across the instep passing through a perpendicular, central strap that extends from the vamp). Classic T-bars for children are typically made of blue or brown leather (/wiki/Leather) , have two thin straps forming a single T shape and fastened with a buckle, a broad and rounded toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) pierced with a pattern of holes, a low heel, and a crêpe rubber outsole stitched-down to the upper. Among boys, T-bars are traditionally worn with socks (though it is possible without them as well), short trousers and a shirt. History [ edit ] First seen in Europe and America in the early 1900s, T-bars became very common among children in the 1950s, [1] (#cite_note-1) particularly among boys where they supplanted pre-war Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) . T-bar wearing declined after the 1960s nonetheless, following the cultural and clothing revolution that swept the West. Today, T-bars are more associated with girls, particularly the more classic styles and are often considered semi-formal shoes, appropriate for school (some primary schools in the United Kingdom require that pupils wear them with their uniform (/wiki/School_uniform) [2] (#cite_note-2) ). They may also be viewed as formal shoes for children, suitable for religious ceremonies, weddings, visits, and birthday parties for example. More modern styles are worn in casual settings, however: playgrounds, shopping centres, etc. Although less popular than in the past, T-bars remain a timeless classic of children's fashion and, for many people, a symbol of childhood. Gallery [ edit ] Two boys wearing twin-strap T-bar sandals in Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Italy. in 1907. Studio photograph of a seven-year-old boy wearing T-bar sandals in Strabane (/wiki/Strabane) , Northern Ireland, 1915. A schoolboy with a Schultüte (/wiki/Schult%C3%BCte) and wearing T-bar sandals in Leipzig (/wiki/Leipzig) , East Germany, 1951. A girl harpist wearing twin-strap T-bar sandals in Wales, 1960. Studio photograph of boys wearing T-bar sandals in Colombo (/wiki/Colombo) , Sri Lanka, 1964. A Girl Guide (/wiki/Girl_Guide) and a Brownie (/wiki/Brownies_(Scouting)) wearing T-bar sandals in Canada, about 1975. A four-year-old boy wearing a kilt and T-bar sandals in Scotland, 1987. See also [ edit ] Mary Jane (shoe) (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) —a very similar style References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rose, Clare (1989). Children's Clothes: Since 1750 . London: B. T. Batsford Limited. p. 149. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7134-5741-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19812913 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19812913) . Retrieved 10 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Closed-toe Sandals" (http://histclo.com/Style/foot/sandal/sandal-ct.html) . Historical Boys' Clothing. 8 November 2006. p. 149 . 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Small plumed hat worn tipped asymmetrically over the forehead Thelma Todd (/wiki/Thelma_Todd) wearing an Eugénie hat in the 1932 comedy Speak Easily (/wiki/Speak_Easily) A Eugénie hat (sometimes also eugenie hat , Empress Eugenie hat or empress hat ) is a small women's hat that is usually worn tilted forwards over the face, or it may be angled low over one eye. Typically, it is made of velvet (/wiki/Velvet) or felt (/wiki/Felt) , although a variety of materials may be used. The classic design also has a plume of feathers, although other trims may be used. It first became popular in the mid 19th century and was named after the French empress Eugénie de Montijo (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo) , a fashion trendsetter whose taste was much admired and copied. In the early 1930s an adapted version worn by Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) in the film Romance (/wiki/Romance_(1930_film)) inspired a wave of similar styles. By 1932, the feather-trimmed small hat had become ubiquitous and was widely criticised by the press – especially in the United States – with some commentators predicting its rapid demise. Despite the criticisms, its tilted shape and jaunty feather trim influenced millinery styles for the succeeding decade. History of the design [ edit ] 1854 fashion plate, with (left) an early version of the Eugénie hat, which was originally worn for horseriding or travel The original Eugénie hat was named after Eugénie de Montijo (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo) , wife of Napoleon III (/wiki/Napoleon_III) , whose fashion choices were publicised in fashion sketches and closely scrutinised across Europe and the United States. [1] (#cite_note-Independent_Fury-1) The design became popular in the 1850s and 1860s, when it was also known as the empress hat. [2] (#cite_note-Hatatorium147-2) It was characterised by its forward tilt and featured feathers and ribbons. Typically it was made of velvet or felt. [2] (#cite_note-Hatatorium147-2) Mary Brooks Picken (/wiki/Mary_Brooks_Picken) noted that the hat was generally small in its original incarnation, often with the brim turned up on one or both sides, with what were generally ostrich (/wiki/Ostrich) feathers as a trim. It would normally be tilted towards the right. [3] (#cite_note-Dictionary_Brooks_Picken-3) Originally, the hat was worn for horseriding and travelling. [4] (#cite_note-CCD_Lewandowski-4) 1866 French fashion plate showing a hat with the upturned brim typical of the Eugénie style The design began in Paris but became known in Britain. It was described in an 1868 fashion article in The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) reprinted from the French fashion magazine Le Follet (/wiki/Le_Follet) : "There is also the 'Eugenie' in honour of the Empress, in very fine leghorn, with a broad edge inclining over the eyes, trimmed with a bunch of white feathers, an aigrette of roses, an orchid or moss and field flowers. The chapeau 'Eugenie' is not very becoming to all faces: it requires to be worn by a very pretty and stylish lady". [5] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_from_Le_Follet-5) Eugenie's fashion choices appeared in influential US publications such as Godey's Lady's Book (/wiki/Godey%27s_Lady%27s_Book) and it seems likely images of the hat may have been circulated to an American audience. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) collection includes a straw hat of 1860 of a similar neat style to the Eugénie hat. [1] (#cite_note-Independent_Fury-1) [6] (#cite_note-Metmuseum_straw_hat-6) 1930s revival [ edit ] In 1930, the hat was revived – this is said to have been as a result of a hat created by the MGM (/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) designer Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) and worn by Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) in the 1930 film Romance (/wiki/Romance_(1930_film)) . [7] (#cite_note-Hatatorium90-7) [8] (#cite_note-times-8) The hat became a talking point in Paris as well as the United States and was even covered in Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . [9] (#cite_note-Time_030831-9) "The Eugenie hat is O.K. but let's draw the line there!" declared a 1931 newsreel in the United States, proceeding to show a parade of young women wearing variations on the design. [10] (#cite_note-Eugenie_Hat_newsreel-10) Another, from the same year, said: "Empress Eugenie hits country by storm – regardless" and proceeded to show a somewhat older parade of wearers, including market traders and a horse. [11] (#cite_note-BF2-11) Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) declared that many Paris dressmakers were considering a fashion revolution to bring dress into line with the new period-piece hats; it was being whispered, said the paper's Paris correspondent Bettina Bedwell (/wiki/Abraham_Rattner) , that bustles (/wiki/Bustle) and crinolines (/wiki/Crinoline) might be revived. [12] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_Bedwell-12) By August of that year, it was reported that a new era of prosperity might be at hand for the garment industry. "Hat and women's wear manufacturers predicted today it would alleviate for a time at least, economic depression in their industries". [13] (#cite_note-Lewiston_DS-13) It was suggested that, for the first time in history, fashion designers were following the lead of milliners who had: "made women wear the hats in defiance of the styles in frocks, with the result that the couturiers have had to fall quickly in line and rush through styles to go with the hats". [14] (#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Press_Burke-14) In Australia, the hat was described as of "postage-stamp size" so that it revealed the back and sides of the hair and featured trims of bright feathers. It was also reported that famous wearers included actresses Peggy Shannon (/wiki/Peggy_Shannon) and Lilyan Tashman (/wiki/Lilyan_Tashman) . [15] (#cite_note-Advertiser_04121931-15) Criticism [ edit ] The 'Eugénie influence' could be seen for the following decade in millinery – especially in the angling of hats. This 1937 model was worn by Gypsy Rose Lee (/wiki/Gypsy_Rose_Lee) . From the start, the revived Eugénie attracted criticism from some sectors of the press. A correspondent for The Guardian describing the June 1931 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (/wiki/Prix_de_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe) race meeting at Longchamp (/wiki/Longchamp_Racecourse) said that the Eugénie was "said to be the latest thing in hats", but concluded it was "hideous" – especially when worn by women with very large faces. [16] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_29061931-16) The hat was also described as a miss with female customers over a certain weight. "Ostrich plumes may dip beguilingly, but if the wearer has two chins or three, where one ought to be, she is going to look atrocious instead of audacious". [14] (#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Press_Burke-14) Some American newspapers began deriding the Eugénie hat. The Milwaukee Journal (/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal) ran a feature entitled: "Will Eugenie Hat Improve Morals?" After describing something of the life of the last empress of France, its conclusion was that it would not: "So the wearing of Eugenie's hat the demure little bonnet with an audacious eye dip and ostrich plume ... may be a signal for almost anything in America. For say what you please of its old fashioned charm, Eugenie's hat stirred up a world of trouble for Europe". [17] (#cite_note-MJ_060931-17) The Urbana Daily Courier (/wiki/Urbana_Daily_Courier) declared the Eugénie hat "overdone" now that so many cheap copies were available in five and ten cent stores (/wiki/Variety_store) , although it noted that subtler, more square-crowned versions by French couturiers such as Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) , with trims of osprey rather than ostrich, offered something different. [18] (#cite_note-UDC_Knight-18) In 1932, The Guardian reported on a trend for frocks based around designs by the French Impressionists (/wiki/Impressionism) , adding: "There is no reason why they should look any more ridiculous than the Empress Eugénie hats that every other woman was wearing a few months ago". [19] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_12011932-19) In 1933, The Times (/wiki/The_Times) reported that milliners were drawing on both the 18th century and the Second French Empire (/wiki/Second_French_Empire) for inspiration, singling out Suzanne Talbot (/w/index.php?title=Suzanne_Talbot&action=edit&redlink=1) as showing styles similar to Empress Eugénie's riding hats and designs with trims turned up sharply on one side. A wide variety of materials were being used, including taffetas (/wiki/Taffeta) , straw and grosgrain (/wiki/Grosgrain) . [20] (#cite_note-The_Times_46355-20) A year later, the Eugénie hat was still being adapted as part of new season's millinery designs, but now showing more of women's hairstyles: "Hats are halo-like or sailor-like, but with considerable flatness. The idea is now to show the hair and the Eugenie hats, which are tipped forward over the nose, indicate that more and more hair is expected at the back of the head". [21] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_M.H.-21) Despite the American and British newspaper predictions of the demise of the Eugénie hat, as The Times noted in 1977 in a review of a book about the designer Adrian, its influence was to permeate fashion for a decade because women continued to tilt their hats low over one eye. [8] (#cite_note-times-8) The Eugénie hat featured again in the 1938 film Suez (/wiki/Suez_(film)) , when it was both worn by Loretta Young (/wiki/Loretta_Young) (playing the role of Eugénie) and displayed prominently on a pedestal in one scene as: "a visual correlative to symbolize Eugenie's vanity and thirst for power". [22] (#cite_note-Allan_Dwan_Lombardi-22) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Fury, Alexander (21 September 2013). "Impress of an empress: The influence of Eugénie on luxury style is still felt today" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/impress-of-an-empress-the-influence-of-eugnie-on-luxury-style-is-still-felt-today-8824515.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 30 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Grantland, Brenda; Robak, Mary (2011). Hatatorium: An essential guide for hat collectors (1st ed.). Mill Valley, CA: Brenda Grantland. p. 147. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780984785902 . ^ (#cite_ref-Dictionary_Brooks_Picken_3-0) Brooks Picken, Mary (2010). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern (1999 ed.). United States: Dover Publications. p. 165. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0486402949 . ^ (#cite_ref-CCD_Lewandowski_4-0) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The Complete Costume Dictionary . Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 97. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_from_Le_Follet_5-0) "Fashions for September (from Le Follet)". The Guardian . 1 September 1868. ^ (#cite_ref-Metmuseum_straw_hat_6-0) "Hat ca. 1850" (http://metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/85413?rpp=90&pg=3&ft=straw+hat&what=Hats&pos=222) . metmuseum.org . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 30 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hatatorium90_7-0) Grantland, Brenda; Robak, Mary (2011). Hatatorium: An essential guide for hat collectors (1st ed.). Mill Valley, CA: Brenda Grantland. p. 90. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780984785902 . ^ Jump up to: a b Robinson, David (5 January 1977). "Turning Women into Goddesses". The Times . No. 59900. ^ (#cite_ref-Time_030831_9-0) "Empress Eugénie Again" (http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,846942,00.html) . Time . 3 August 1931 . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Eugenie_Hat_newsreel_10-0) "The Eugenie Hat is O.K." (http://www.buyoutfootage.com/pages/titles/pd_nr_414h.html#bottom_synopsis) buyoutfootage.com . PD – Buyout Footage . Retrieved 30 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-BF2_11-0) "Empress Eugenie hits country by storm – regardless" (http://www.buyoutfootage.com/pages/titles/pd_nr_294h.html#.VbqZ3UWCzV0) . buyoutfootage.com . Buyout Footage . Retrieved 30 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune_Bedwell_12-0) Bedwell, Bettina (30 August 1931). "Hats of the Paris of Empress Eugenie" (http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1931/08/30/page/31/article/hat-of-the-paris-of-empress-eugenie) . The Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lewiston_DS_13-0) "New Hat Revives Apparel Trades: novel Empress Eugenie hat sets idle machinery into motion" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19310821&id=tTYjAAAAIBAJ&pg=1315,4083408&hl=en) . Lewiston Daily Sun . 21 August 1931 . Retrieved 28 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Burke, Evelyn (26 August 1931). "Double Chin Spoils Audacious Effect of Empress Eugenie Hat" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19310826&id=U0wbAAAAIBAJ&pg=2630,4688310&hl=en) . The Pittsburgh Press . Retrieved 28 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Advertiser_04121931_15-0) "Empress Eugenie Hats Used" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article56736705) . Advertiser . Hurstbridge, Victoria. 4 December 1931 . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_29061931_16-0) "French Grand Prix: The Changing Scene at Longchamp – Few Well Dressed Women". The Guardian. 29 June 1931. ^ (#cite_ref-MJ_060931_17-0) "Will Eugenie Hat Improve Morals? Not if modern women adopt standards of the French Empress along with the funny little bonnets she used to wear, it is indicated" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19310906&id=DadQAAAAIBAJ&pg=6588,5563916&hl=en) . Milwaukee Journal . 6 September 1931 . Retrieved 25 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-UDC_Knight_18-0) Knight, Mary (2 October 1931). "Eugenie Hat is Overdone and is Doomed to Go" (http://idnc.library.illinois.edu/cgi-bin/illinois?a=d&d=TUC19311002.2.124#) . Urbana Daily Courier . United Press . Retrieved 25 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_12011932_19-0) "Our London Correspondence". The Guardian . 12 January 1932. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_46355_20-0) "Paris Fashions: The Approach of Spring". The Times . No. 46355. 30 January 1933. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_M.H._21-0) H., M. (5 February 1934). "Rumours: The Halo Hat". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-Allan_Dwan_Lombardi_22-0) Lombardi, Frederick (2013). Allan Dwan and the Rise and Decline of the Hollywood Studios . North Carolina: McFarland & Co. p. 213. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780786434855 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eugénie hat (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) . Greta Garbo photographed in Eugénie hat by George Hurrell, from Los Angeles County Museum of Art collection (http://collections.lacma.org/node/196381) Parisian Eugénie hat, University of North Texas archive (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc114820/) Eugénie hat of c. 1931 by Andrea Fashions of New York, University of North Texas archive (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc114841/) 1940s variation on the Eugénie style in fur in Wilmette Historical Museum (http://www.wilmettehistory.org/virtual-exhibits/headlines-wilmette-hats-hatmakers/mcmahon-beaver-eugenie-hat-circa-1942) Model A Ford Club of America article about the Eugénie hat (PDF) (https://www.mafca.com/downloads/Fashions/Little_Hat.pdf) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sant_Blanc) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Sant_Blanc) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Sant Blanc" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sant+Blanc%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sant+Blanc%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sant_Blanc) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Sant Blanc" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sant+Blanc%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sant+Blanc%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sant+Blanc%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Sant Blanc Product type Wristwatches, accessories, Gourmet Chocolate Country France Introduced Paris, France(1779) Markets Jewelers (/wiki/Jewellery) , Watchmaking (/wiki/Watchmaking) Previous owners Gaston Sant Blanc (/wiki/Gaston_Sant_Blanc) Ambassador(s) Jon Todd (CEO) Tagline A World of Luxury Website www (http://www.santblanc.com) .santblanc (http://www.santblanc.com) .com (http://www.santblanc.com) Sant Blanc is a family owned watch and jewelry company founded in 1779 by Gaston Sant Blanc (/wiki/Gaston_Sant_Blanc) . Sant Blanc sells jewelry and luxury wristwatches to an international market. History [ edit ] In 1779, a self-educated French clockmaker (/wiki/Clockmaker) and mathematician (/wiki/Mathematician) Gaston Sant Blanc (/wiki/Gaston_Sant_Blanc) crafted a complicated clock movement in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) . Sant Blanc continued his work in Paris where he crafted innovative micro movements and complicated pocket watches. In 1895 his grandson Herschel Gaston Sant Blanc, a master watchmaker (/wiki/Watchmaker) , continued development of complications in period micro sized movement pocket watches, always endeavoring to craft smaller, more accurate time keepers. In 1899, Sant Blanc introduced a wristwatch for ladies. The delicate sized wrist watch was Parisian high fashion. The stylish, all gold, ladies time keeper on a bracelet was designed and made entirely by the Sant Blanc family. While most French watchmakers relocated to Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) , the Sant Blanc family remained in Paris a family owned firm. Sant Blanc continued to develop cutting edge timepieces, complicated movement wristwatches, clocks, and fine, luxury jewelry. In 1999, Sant Blanc began to offer fine, luxury Swiss made watches and timepieces on the internet. Today, Sant Blanc is headquartered in the United States and led by Sant Blanc's great grandson Mr. Jon Todd. In 2002, Jon Todd assisted John Brozek [1] (#cite_note-Brozek-1) with his book, "The Rolex Report: An Unauthorized Reference Book For The Rolex Enthusiast", by supplying authentic Rolex watch photos to be used. A special entry was made in the book to recognize Mr. Todd for the photos. Also, most of the modern Rolex watch models were supplied by Sant Blanc and noted with the note "Courtesy of generalwar.com" "Generalwar" is the name of the Sant Blanc eBay store and stands for "General Watches, Accessories and Restoration". References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Brozek_1-0) Brozek, John E. (2002). The Rolex report : an unauthorized reference book for the Rolex enthusiast . Saint Petersburg, FL: InfoQuest Pub. p. 3. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0972313303 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.santblanc.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐67d5b9488b‐cjnj7 Cached time: 20240710110115 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.234 seconds Real time usage: 0.314 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 760/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52043/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11705/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12199/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.155/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3230807/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 287.829 1 -total 53.59% 154.257 3 Template:Ambox 39.93% 114.924 1 Template:Multiple_issues 38.93% 112.051 1 Template:Reflist 34.24% 98.554 1 Template:Cite_book 20.88% 60.106 1 Template:Notability 13.85% 39.863 1 Template:Infobox_brand 12.87% 37.030 1 Template:Infobox 6.62% 19.066 1 Template:Official_website 4.78% 13.746 2 Template:Find_sources_mainspace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35565543-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710110115 and revision id 1183244508. 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American fashion designer Eva Danielle, Inc. Industry Fashion Founded 2005 ; 19 years ago ( 2005 ) Founder Eva Danielle Wittels, Harrison Leigh Wittels Headquarters Miami, Florida (/wiki/Miami,_Florida) , United States Website www (http://www.evadanielle.com) .evadanielle (http://www.evadanielle.com) .com (http://www.evadanielle.com) Eva Danielle, Inc. is a women's fashion label based in Miami, Florida (/wiki/Miami,_Florida) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Its first collection was released in August 2005. Eva Danielle designs have been seen on celebrities such as Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) , Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) , The Go Go's (/wiki/The_Go-Go%27s) , Michelle Delamor (/wiki/Michelle_Delamor) , Iryna Storozhuk, and Sindy Perez; plus featured in television programs (/wiki/Television_program) such as the Janice Dickinson Show , Bravo , Deco Drive , The Simple Life (/wiki/The_Simple_Life) , Make a Wish Foundation (/wiki/Make_a_Wish_Foundation) , The Bad Girls Club (/wiki/The_Bad_Girls_Club) , and She's Got the Look , along with numerous publications. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Aveda also commissioned a collection for its 2007 shows. The fashion was featured at the Miami Funkshion Swim Wear Fashion Week 2010 as well. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) History [ edit ] Eva Danielle's flagship store was opened in 2008 in Bal Harbor (/wiki/Bal_Harbour,_Florida) . In addition to Miami (/wiki/Miami) , her designs are sold in the U.S. (/wiki/United_States) , Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) and throughout Asia (/wiki/Asia) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The label was founded by Eva Danielle Wittels and Harrison Leigh Wittels. Eva Danielle Wittels is the chief designer who earned a BFA in Fashion Design with a minor in Art History from the school of the Art Institute of Chicago (/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago) before gaining practical experience in Paris. Her brother, Harrison Leigh Wittels, earned degrees in philosophy and business administration from Southern Methodist University (/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University) is the President and the Chief of Operations. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2013, high fashion brand headquartered in Florida, Eva Danielle launched operations in Pune, India. Nikhil Hegde, Chief Operation Officer said the company has been testing the franchisee's growth route in India and has partnered with SKPJ Apparel headquartered in Bangalore. The business aims to open a second store in either Delhi or Bangalore, likely followed by Mumbai, Chandigarh and Ludhiana at an approximate Rs 1 crore/10,000,000 Indian Rupee ($130,950) expenditure per shop. [9] (#cite_note-9) Charity [ edit ] Eva Danielle also directly donates proceeds from purchases to the Helping Homeless Animals organization. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ a b "High fashion brand Eva Danielle enters India with a store in Pune" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/high-fashion-brand-eva-danielle-enters-india-with-a-store-in-pune/articleshow/18986111.cms) . The Economic Times . 2013-03-15 . Retrieved 2019-01-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) [1] (http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120407230543/http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/) April 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Away From The Beach" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120614071854/http://miamilifemagazine.com/away_from_the_beach_eva_danielle_designs.html) . Miamilifemagazine.com. Archived from the original (http://www.miamilifemagazine.com/away_from_the_beach_eva_danielle_designs.html) on 2012-06-14 . Retrieved 2013-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Eva Danielle's Exotic Fusion" (http://www.roundmagazine.net/the-arts/fashion/146-eva-danielles-exotic-fusion) . Roundmagazine.net . Retrieved 2013-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "FUSION OF ELEGANCE AND SEX APPEAL FEATURING EVA DANIELLE WITTELS" (http://urbanvixens.blogspot.com/2012/04/fashion-20-fusion-of-elegance-and-sex.html) . Urbanvixens.blogspot.com. 2012-04-02 . Retrieved 2013-08-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Eva Danielle Fashion Show at the Setai" (https://wpbt2.typepad.com/uvu/2010/07/eva-danielle-fashion-show-at-the-setai.html) . Official uVu Blog . Retrieved 2019-01-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Photographs of Funkshion presents Eva Danielle Fashion Show sponsored by Lamborghini on 7/15/10" (http://www.soulofmiami.org/2010/07/16/photographs-of-funkshion-presents-eva-danielle-fashion-show-sponsored-by-lamborghini-on-71510/) . The Soul Of Miami . 2010-07-16 . Retrieved 2019-01-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Southern Methodist University: Ninety-Fifth Annual Commencement Convocation" (https://www.smu.edu/EnrollmentServices/Registrar/AcademicCeremonies/AboutUs/History/~/media/Site/EnrollmentServices/Registrar/AcademicCeremonies/PDF/MayCommencement/2010%20Commencement%20Convocation.pdf) (PDF) . Southern Methodist University . Retrieved 13 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "High fashion brand Eva Danielle enters India with a store in Pune" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/high-fashion-brand-eva-danielle-enters-india-with-a-store-in-pune/articleshow/18986111.cms) . The Economic Times . 15 March 2013 . Retrieved 13 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) [2] (http://helpinghomelessanimals.org/HelpingHomelessAnimals/Home.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110715212013/http://helpinghomelessanimals.org/HelpingHomelessAnimals/Home.html) July 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Eva Danielle's Exotic Fusion" (https://www.roundmagazine.net/design/146-eva-danielles-exotic-fusion) . www.roundmagazine.net . Retrieved 2019-01-15 . This article about a fashion brand, house, corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eva_Danielle&action=edit) . v t e This article related to Miami (/wiki/Miami) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eva_Danielle&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐lhctz Cached time: 20240712175025 Cache expiry: 1663777 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.341 seconds Real time usage: 0.719 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1737/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29255/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1265/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44765/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.225/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6239324/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 409.293 1 -total 34.96% 143.079 1 Template:Reflist 24.49% 100.228 1 Template:Infobox_company 22.14% 90.634 1 Template:Infobox 20.27% 82.966 1 Template:Cite_news 17.48% 71.546 1 Template:Short_description 16.83% 68.891 2 Template:Asbox 16.52% 67.612 1 Template:Fashion-company-stub 10.10% 41.343 2 Template:Pagetype 7.76% 31.772 8 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25529664-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712175025 and revision id 1194276629. 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Traditional wedding dress for Moroccan Jewish women The berberisca dress (or keswa-el-kbria in Arabic) is a traditional dress for a Moroccan Jewish (/wiki/Moroccan_Jews) woman for her wedding. Traditionally a father gifts his daughter a berberisca dress for her wedding and the first time she wears it is at the henna ceremony (/w/index.php?title=Henna_ceremony&action=edit&redlink=1) . This dress is seen as the bride separating from her family and embracing her role as a wife and keeper of tradition. [1] (#cite_note-1) The dress is made to represent Judaism (/wiki/Judaism) as a religion, highlighting the bride as someone who will keep Jewish tradition. Gold detailing is used to accomplish this goal with the twenty-two braided gold galloons on the skirt meant to represent the twenty-two letters in the Hebrew alphabet (/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet) . Other symbols like the tree of life (/wiki/Tree_of_life) and large swirls to represent the circle of life (/wiki/Biological_life_cycle) are also embroidered in gold. While the keswa-el-kbria has roots in fifteenth-century Spain (/wiki/Spain) with the style following the trends of Spanish royalty, the style of the dress has changed throughout history, incorporating new techniques of braiding gold thread. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Many of the designs can be seen on Moroccan funeral dresses and Jewish tombs in northern Africa, showing the combination of culture throughout the Sephardic (/wiki/Sephardic_Jews) diaspora. As fashions evolved throughout history, the production of the keswa el kbria became very expensive, causing many people to rent them out or borrow them with the production of the dress stopping in the 1960s. While production stopped, many ceremonial garments used for events near Andalusia (/wiki/Andalusia) today share a striking resemblance to the keswa el kbria , being made of velvet with gold detailing. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Azagury, Yaëlle (2012). "Traje de Berberisca" (https://yaelleazagury.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/traje_de_berberisca.pdf) (PDF) . ^ a b Sanchez, Jose (2017). "The Sephardi Berberisca Dress, Tradition and Symbology" (https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Datatextil/article/download/329309/419895/) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐787f648bf7‐67tfd Cached time: 20240704225132 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.154 seconds Real time usage: 0.730 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 290/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3891/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 626/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8037/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.089/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3029584/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 188.098 1 -total 55.84% 105.033 1 Template:Reflist 47.84% 89.987 2 Template:Cite_web 42.78% 80.470 1 Template:Short_description 25.71% 48.354 2 Template:Pagetype 9.34% 17.559 3 Template:Main_other 7.29% 13.720 1 Template:SDcat 2.04% 3.837 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73660282-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704225132 and revision id 1223992006. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berberisca_dress&oldid=1223992006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berberisca_dress&oldid=1223992006) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Gold objects (/wiki/Category:Gold_objects) Jews and Judaism in Morocco (/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Morocco) Wedding dresses (/wiki/Category:Wedding_dresses) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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British luxury fashion house This article is about the British luxury brand. For mountaineering equipment, see Tricouni (/wiki/Tricouni) . Tricouni Brand Ltd is a British luxury fashion house, designing women’s luxury outerwear. Tricouni is a privately held company, headquartered in London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The company was founded in the early 1900s by Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) -based jeweller and alpinist enthusiast, Felix-Valentin “Tricouni” Genecand. [2] (#cite_note-2) Tricouni was most noted for inventing the modern shoe-buckling system, the arrêt-de-cordon (cord stop), and the Tricouni (/wiki/Tricouni) clou. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Tricouni clou was used by George Mallory (/wiki/George_Mallory) [4] (#cite_note-4) and his team on his historic journey up Mount Everest (/wiki/Mount_Everest) . In recognition of his inventions, Tricouni Peak (/wiki/Tricouni_Peak) in Canada (/wiki/Canada) and Mount Genecand (/wiki/Mount_Genecand) in Antarctica (/wiki/Antarctica) were named after Tricouni. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Tricouni Brand Ltd re-launched in 2015 and specialises in creating elegant outerwear using high-end water-resistant and technical fabrics. Tricouni’s outerwear is designed and manufactured in the U.K. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) http://www.drapersonline.com/news/thomas-pink-founder-backs-outerwear-label/7005684.fullarticle (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/thomas-pink-founder-backs-outerwear-label/7005684.fullarticle) , Tara Hounslea, "Thomas Pink founder backs outerwear label", Drapers, EMAP Publishing Limited Company, 2016-03-14, Accessed 2016-08-05 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Times of London ,1957-01-22 ^ (#cite_ref-3) http://www.lemessager.fr/Actualite/Genevois/2014/01/19/article_felix_tricouni_montagnard_du_saleve_et_i.shtml (http://www.lemessager.fr/Actualite/Genevois/2014/01/19/article_felix_tricouni_montagnard_du_saleve_et_i.shtml) , Dominique Ernst,"Felix "Tricouni" mountain of Salève and brilliant inventor", Le Messager.fr, The group La Voix, 2014-01-16, Accessed 2016-08-05 ^ (#cite_ref-4) http://www.la-memoire-de-veyrier.ch/95730702 (http://www.la-memoire-de-veyrier.ch/95730702) , "Felix Valentine Genecand - says Tricouni (1879-1957)", The Veyrier Memory, Accessed 2016-08-05 ^ (#cite_ref-5) http://www.la-salevienne.org/presseX.php?X=ah2014 (http://www.la-salevienne.org/presseX.php?X=ah2014) , Dominique Ernst, "Félix "Tricouni", montagnard du Saléve et inventeur génial", La-Salevienne, Accessed 2016-08-05 ^ (#cite_ref-6) http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:0::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:5565 (https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:0::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:5565) , U.S. Department of the Interior || U.S. Geological Survey "Antarctica Detail", USGS Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Department of the Interior || U.S. Geological Survey, 2016-08-05, Accessed 2016-08-05 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.tricouni.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐djxgv Cached time: 20240716101726 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.076 seconds Real time usage: 0.124 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 331/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2082/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 531/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4364/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.034/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1449598/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 113.226 1 -total 52.08% 58.965 1 Template:Short_description 31.73% 35.922 2 Template:Pagetype 21.09% 23.884 1 Template:About 12.49% 14.142 1 Template:Reflist 11.32% 12.822 4 Template:Main_other 11.01% 12.464 1 Template:Official_website 9.55% 10.808 1 Template:SDcat 1.72% 1.951 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51252559-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716101726 and revision id 1234829347. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricouni_(brand)&oldid=1234829347 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricouni_(brand)&oldid=1234829347) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_the_United_Kingdom) British brands (/wiki/Category:British_brands) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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Blockprinted shawls and tiles found in the Saraiki belt of southern Punjab in Pakistan. This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sajarak) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Sajarak" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sajarak%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sajarak%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sajarak%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sajarak%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sajarak%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sajarak%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Traditional Saraiki Sajarak Sajarak also known as Saraiki ajrak ( Saraiki (/wiki/Saraiki_language) : سرائیکی اجرک ) is a form of block-printing, inspired by the Sindhi Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) , found in South Punjab (/wiki/South_Punjab_Province) in Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) . It has become a symbol of the Saraiki culture (/wiki/Saraiki_culture) and traditions. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Description [ edit ] Saraiki Sajarak The Saraiki Ajrak is a recent form of Ajrak among Saraikis (/wiki/Saraiki_people) . It is inspired by the neighbouring Sindhi Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) . Sajarak's name is derived from the original Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) which is the Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhis) version of the block-printed shawls and tiles which are found in Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) , Pakistan. These shawls display special designs and patterns made using block printing by stamps. [4] (#cite_note-urducolumnsonline-4) Common colours used while making these patterns may include but are not limited to blue, red, black and green. Cyan (/wiki/Cyan) colour is the dominating colour in Saraiki culture. The Sajarak is mostly cyan and sometimes blue. The cyan colour makes it distinctive among other ajraks. Saraiki nationalists (/wiki/Saraiki_nationalism) designed the Sajarak. Nationalists captured the heart of the Saraiki belt, which Saraikies are proud of. The Sindhi (/wiki/Sindh) Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) was used long ago, but now some people call it Saraiki ajrak, but the majority of the Saraikis, know it as the "Sajarak". See also [ edit ] Saraiki shalwar suits (/wiki/Saraiki_shalwar_suits) Saraiki literature (/wiki/Saraiki_literature) Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Saraiki people (/wiki/Saraiki_people) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Saraiki Ajrak Day observed in Tank" (https://www.thenews.com.pk/amp/800527-saraiki-ajrak-day-observed-in-tank) . 7 March 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "CM predicts opposition's defeat" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/2346764/cm-predicts-oppositions-defeat?amp=1) . 6 March 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "CM Punjab Felicitates Seraiki People on the Eve of Seraiki Culture Day | Punjab Portal" (https://punjab.gov.pk/node/4827) . ^ (#cite_ref-urducolumnsonline_4-0) Ahmed Dharija, Zahoor. "Saraiki Festival Aur Ajrak" (http://www.urducolumnsonline.com/zahoor-ahmed-dharija-columns/165756/saraiki-festival-aur-ajrak) . urducolumnsonline.com . Retrieved 2015-09-04 . External links [ edit ] سرائیکی اجرک (سجرک) (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%B1%DA%A9)) v t e Pakistani clothing Clothes Khalat (/wiki/Khalat) Khetpartug (/wiki/Khetpartug) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Saraiki Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Saraiki_shalwar_suits) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Headgear Bughti (/wiki/Bughti) Khoyi (/w/index.php?title=Khoyi&action=edit&redlink=1) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Rumelli (/w/index.php?title=Rumelli&action=edit&redlink=1) Saaluk (/w/index.php?title=Saaluk&action=edit&redlink=1) Tuktay (/wiki/Tuktay) Dastar (Pagri) (/wiki/Turban) Shawls Ajrak (/wiki/Ajrak) Sajarak Stitching and design Balochi needlework (/wiki/Balochi_needlework) Embroidery of Pakistan Footwear Multani Khussa (/wiki/Multani_Khussa) Peshawari Chappal (/wiki/Peshawari_Chappal) Quettani Norozi (/w/index.php?title=Quettani_Norozi&action=edit&redlink=1) Sindhi Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) By ethnicity Baloch (/wiki/Balochi_clothing) Gilgiti (/w/index.php?title=Gilgiti_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Pashtun (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Punjabi (/wiki/Punjabi_clothing) Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhi_clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐5h7km Cached time: 20240712182338 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.390 seconds Real time usage: 0.498 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 544/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23963/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1044/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24366/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.301/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14025944/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 460.181 1 -total 25.87% 119.068 1 Template:Reflist 23.22% 106.837 1 Template:Lang-skr 22.68% 104.379 4 Template:Cite_web 20.05% 92.264 1 Template:Pakistani_clothing 19.57% 90.038 1 Template:Navbox 15.21% 70.007 1 Template:More_citations_needed 14.88% 68.492 1 Template:Short_description 13.63% 62.724 1 Template:Ambox 8.65% 39.787 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45527321-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712182338 and revision id 1212632267. 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Branch of applied human psychology The transformative power of clothes, the impact of changes in colors and style. A video on social expression through dress. Fashion psychology , as a branch of applied psychology (/wiki/Applied_psychology) , applies psychological theories and principles to understand and explain the relationship between fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and human behavior (/wiki/Human_behavior) , including how fashion affects emotions (/wiki/Emotion) , self-esteem (/wiki/Self-esteem) , and identity. It also examines how fashion choices are influenced by factors such as culture (/wiki/Culture) , social norms, personal values, and individual differences. Fashion psychologists may use their knowledge and skills to advise individuals, organizations, or the fashion industry on a variety of issues, including consumer behavior (/wiki/Consumer_behavior) , marketing strategies (/wiki/Marketing_strategy) , design (/wiki/Fashion_design) , and sustainability (/wiki/Sustainability) . Significance [ edit ] Fashion psychology is an interdisciplinary field that examines the interaction between human behavior, individual psychology, and fashion, as well as the various factors that impact an individual's clothing choice. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) The fashion industry is actively seeking to establish a connection with fashion psychology, with a focus on areas such as trend prediction and comprehension of consumer behavior. [2] (#cite_note-2) It is important to acknowledge the significance of clothing choices, irrespective of gender. Fashion choices can have a profound impact on self-perception, the image a person projects to others, and consequently, the way people interact. In fact, they can influence a wide range of scenarios, from the result of a sporting event to how an interviewer perceives capability to perform well in a job role. [3] (#cite_note-:7-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Fashion psychology holds significant relevance for marketers as they strive to comprehend the variables that enhance the likelihood of a product's adoption by a consumer group. Additionally, marketers must predict the duration for which the product remains fashionable. Hence, a segment of fashion psychology is dedicated to analyzing the shifts in acceptance of fashion trends over time. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Clothing [ edit ] Clothing serves as an extension of identity and provides a tangible reflection of a person's perceptions, dissatisfactions, and desires. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) The terms "clothing" and "dress" typically denote a type of body covering that can be worn, which is commonly made of textile (/wiki/Textile) material but may also utilize other materials or substances to be fashioned and secured in place. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Clothing primarily served the purpose of providing warmth and protection against the elements. However, in modern times, it is important to note that clothing serves multiple functions beyond just protection, including identification, modesty, status, and adornment. Clothing is used to identify group membership, cover the body appropriately, indicate rank or position within a group, and facilitate self-expression and creativity. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) The clothing a person chooses to wear is significant in terms of their image and reputation, as it sends out messages to both familiar and unfamiliar people, showcasing the person's image. When an object is worn on the body, it takes on the social significance in relation to the person wearing it. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Fashion [ edit ] The prevalent understanding of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) refers to the prevailing style that is adopted by a significant portion of a particular group, at a given time and location. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) For example, during the era of cave dwellers, animal skins (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) were considered fashionable, while the sari (/wiki/Sari) is a popular style among Indian women, and the miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) has become a trend among women in Western cultures (/wiki/Western_world) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Fashion psychology is typically characterized as the examination of how the selections of attire (/wiki/Clothing) effects perceptions (/wiki/Perceptions) and peoples' evaluations of one another. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Psychology of clothing [ edit ] Throughout history, clothing has not held the same degree of importance in conveying personality as it does in present times. Technological advancements over the centuries have resulted in fashion choices becoming a significant aspect of identity. [3] (#cite_note-:7-3) During early civilizations, clothing served the primary purpose of keeping us warm and dry. Today, with the advent of technological facilities such as central heating, we have become less reliant on clothing as a means of survival. Clothes have evolved from being merely a practical necessity to becoming a social marker, influencing self-perception and allowing people to present themselves in the desired light while also showcasing their personalities and social status. [3] (#cite_note-:7-3) In numerous societies, one's dress sense is considered a reflection of personal wealth and taste, as highlighted by Economist George Taylor through the Hemline index (/wiki/Hemline_index) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-3) The fashion impulse is a highly influential and potent social phenomenon owing to its pervasive and expeditious character, its capacity to influence an individual's conduct, and its close association with the societal and economic fabric of a nation. [10] (#cite_note-10) The phrase "You Are What You Wear" implies that people can be judged based on their clothing choices. It suggests that clothing (/wiki/Clothing) is not just a means of covering the body, but a reflection of a person's identity, values, and social status. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) The garments we choose to wear serve as a representation of our current thoughts and emotions. Frequently, instances of clothing mishaps can be attributed to underlying internal conflicts manifesting themselves outwardly. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Choosing clothing that provides comfort, joy, and a positive self-image can genuinely enhance one's quality of life. Even the slightest modification in one's wardrobe can trigger a sequence of events that leads to new experiences, self-discovery, and cherished moments. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Socio-psychological Impact [ edit ] Madonna Rebel Heart Tour 2015 - Stockholm The clothing a person chooses can reflect mental and emotional state, making clothing mishaps a visible manifestation of internal struggles. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) According to Mary Lynn Damhorst, a researcher in this field, clothing is a systematic method of conveying information about the person who wears it. This suggests that an individual's selection of attire can significantly impact the impression they convey and, consequently, serves as a potent means of communication. [13] (#cite_note-13) Upbringing and fashion choice [ edit ] Madonna is known for her ever-changing style, often shortened as "reinvention" [14] (#cite_note-14) : 155 Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) describes her upbringing in a strict Catholic family, where wearing pants to church was strongly discouraged by her father. Reflecting on this experience, she acknowledges the powerful influence that clothing can have and how it inspired her to incorporate a mix of conservative and daring elements in her personal style. [15] (#cite_note-:6-15) She refers to this combination as "combinations of strictness and rebelliousness." Madonna's fashion choices, including her crucifix earrings and rosary bead necklaces, were influenced by this realization. [16] (#cite_note-16) [15] (#cite_note-:6-15) [17] (#cite_note-17) Body image [ edit ] Clothing can be perceived as an extension of an individual's physical self and serves the purpose of modifying the body's appearance. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) The way in which a person perceives their own physical appearance (/wiki/Body_image) has a significant impact on their attitudes and preferences towards clothing. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Millennial females, also known as Generation Y, are being socialized to begin their fashion consumption at an earlier age than their predecessors, resulting in a shift in the typical starting point of fashion consumption. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Even though Generation Y consumers play a crucial role in the decision-making process of the market, retailers are finding it increasingly difficult to comprehend the behavior and psychology of these consumers. [18] (#cite_note-18) Brand [ edit ] Consumers purchase fashion-branded products not only to meet their functional requirements but also to fulfill their desires for social recognition, self-image projection, and a desirable lifestyle. [19] (#cite_note-:5-19) The implementation of effective branding strategies is a crucial determinant of success for all types of fashion brands, as it has a direct impact on the welfare of consumers. [19] (#cite_note-:5-19) Marketing strategies [ edit ] The fashion industry is currently shifting towards a data-driven approach, where brands are leveraging analytical services to formulate innovative marketing strategies. [20] (#cite_note-20) The impact of artificial intelligence (/wiki/Artificial_intelligence) on marketing strategies (/wiki/Marketing_strategy) is expected to extend to various areas, such as business models, sales processes, customer service options, and even consumer behaviours (/wiki/Consumer_behaviour) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Impact of clothing color [ edit ] Psychologists (/wiki/Psychologist) hold the belief that the color of apparel (/wiki/Color_of_clothing) can have an impact on emotional states and stress levels. The presence of color has the potential to augment an individual's perception of their environment. [22] (#cite_note-22) Design [ edit ] Fashion psychology concerns itself with examining the ways in which fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) can influence a positive body image, utilizing psychological insights to foster a sustainable approach towards clothing production and disposal, and understanding the underlying reasons behind the development of specific shopping behaviors. [23] (#cite_note-23) Men's fashion insecurities [ edit ] Research has shown that the conventional gender stereotype suggesting that females are more fashion-conscious and observant of others' clothing and makeup choices than males is not completely accurate. Instead, these studies have highlighted that men also encounter insecurities linked to their clothing decisions. In fact, research has shown that men often exhibit higher levels of self-consciousness than women when it comes to their personal sense of style and the public perception of their appearance. [24] (#cite_note-24) Dress to impress [ edit ] In research conducted by Joseph Benz from the University of Nebraska, over 90 men and women were surveyed to investigate their behavior of deceiving potential partners during dates. The study revealed that both sexes engage in deceptive behaviors while dating, albeit for distinct reasons. [3] (#cite_note-:7-3) The study findings suggest that men engage in deceptive behavior to create a positive impression on their romantic partners. This can include highlighting their financial resources or showing willingness to provide security and stability in the relationship. Similarly, women tend to exhibit deceptive conduct concerning their physical appearance, amplifying specific bodily attributes to enhance their appeal to their romantic partner. [25] (#cite_note-25) Shopping behavior [ edit ] Compulsive buying disorder [ edit ] CBD or Compulsive buying disorder (/wiki/Compulsive_buying_disorder) is a condition in which an individual experiences distress or impairment due to their excessive shopping thoughts and buying behavior. [26] (#cite_note-:8-26) According to Bleuler, Kraepelin identifies a final category of individuals known as "buying maniacs" or "oniomaniacs." These individuals experience compulsive buying behavior, leading to the accumulation of debt that is often left unpaid and can ultimately result in a catastrophic situation. The oniomaniacs never fully acknowledge their debts and therefore continue to struggle with them. [27] (#cite_note-27) [26] (#cite_note-:8-26) In contemporary consumer-oriented societies, the act of purchasing branded fashion apparel has become a significant aspect of our daily routines and economy. It is often regarded as a source of entertainment and a means of rewarding oneself. However, when this behavior is overindulged, it may lead to a serious psychological condition known as compulsive buying behavior. [28] (#cite_note-28) Revenge buying and panic buying [ edit ] In April 2020, when the lockdown (/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns) restrictions were largely lifted and markets resumed operation in China, a phenomenon known as " revenge buying (/wiki/Revenge_buying) " took place. During this time, the renowned French luxury brand Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) achieved exceptional sales of $2.7 million in a single day. [29] (#cite_note-29) Sociologists posit that compulsive and impulsive purchasing tendencies, including panic buying (/wiki/Panic_buying) and revenge buying, function as coping mechanisms (/wiki/Coping) that alleviate negative emotions. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-lins_etal_2022-31) The phenomena of panic buying, and revenge buying are essentially attempts by consumers to compensate for a situation that is beyond their personal control. These actions serve as a therapeutic means of exerting control over external circumstances, while also offering a sense of comfort, security, and an overall improvement in well-being. [31] (#cite_note-lins_etal_2022-31) Fast fashion [ edit ] The emergence of fast fashion has had a significant impact on the fashion industry, altering the ways in which fashion is conceptualized, manufactured, and consumed, resulting in negative consequences across all three domains. [32] (#cite_note-32) The popularity of fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) among consumers can be attributed to its capability of appealing to their emotional, financial, and psychological needs by tapping into their desire for self-expression, social status, and immediate satisfaction. [33] (#cite_note-33) See also [ edit ] Attitude (psychology) (/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)) Cognitive dissonance (/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance) Feeling (/wiki/Feeling) Neuromarketing (/wiki/Neuromarketing) Retail marketing (/wiki/Retail_marketing) Semiotics of dress (/wiki/Semiotics_of_dress) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) Sensory branding (/wiki/Sensory_branding) References [ edit ] ^ a b Maxey, Georgia (2022-02-24). "Fashion Psychology: The Relationship Between Clothing and Self" (https://doi.org/10.53309%2F2576-926X.1041) . Counseling and Family Therapy Scholarship Review . 4 (1). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.53309/2576-926X.1041 (https://doi.org/10.53309%2F2576-926X.1041) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2576-926X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2576-926X) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Understanding the psychology behind the clothes you wear" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/fashion-psychology-clothing-sustainability-trends-7208204/) . 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S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 144953864 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144953864) . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Black, Donald Wayne; Shaw, Martha; McCormick, Brett; Bayless, John David; Allen, Jeff (2012-12-30). "Neuropsychological performance, impulsivity, ADHD symptoms, and novelty seeking in compulsive buying disorder" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665329) . Psychiatry Research . 200 (2): 581–587. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.003 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.psychres.2012.06.003) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0165-1781 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0165-1781) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 3665329 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665329) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 22766012 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22766012) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Singh, Shelley (2020-05-02). "The curious phenomenon of revenge shopping in China after lockdown" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/the-curious-phenomenon-of-revenge-shopping-in-china-after-lockdown/articleshow/75509099.cms) . The Economic Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0013-0389 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221123093016/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/the-curious-phenomenon-of-revenge-shopping-in-china-after-lockdown/articleshow/75509099.cms) from the original on 2022-11-23 . Retrieved 2023-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Arafat, S.M. Yasir; Kar, Sujita Kumar; Marthoenis, Marthoenis; Sharma, Pawan; Hoque Apu, Ehsanul; Kabir, Russell (2020). "Psychological underpinning of panic buying during pandemic (COVID-19)" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7202808) . Psychiatry Research . 289 : 113061. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113061 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.psychres.2020.113061) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 7202808 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7202808) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32413711 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32413711) . ^ a b Lins, Samuel; Aquino, Sibele; Costa, Ana Raquel; Koch, Rita (2022). "From panic to revenge: Compensatory buying behaviors during the pandemic" (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00207640211002557) . International Journal of Social Psychiatry . 68 (4): 921–922. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/00207640211002557 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00207640211002557) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 10216/132981 (https://hdl.handle.net/10216%2F132981) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0020-7640 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7640) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 33719662 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33719662) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 232230029 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232230029) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Mair, Carolyn (2018-04-09), "Fashion consumption" (https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315620664-5) , The Psychology of Fashion , Routledge, pp. 75–90, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4324/9781315620664-5 (https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315620664-5) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781315620664 , retrieved 2023-04-28 ^ (#cite_ref-33) "The Psychology of Fast Fashion: Exploring the Complex Emotions that Fast Fashion Evokes in Consumers" (https://www.thesustainablefashionforum.com/pages/the-psychology-of-fast-fashion-exploring-the-complex-emotions-fast-fashion-evokes-in-consumers) . The Sustainable Fashion Forum . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230422093411/https://www.thesustainablefashionforum.com/pages/the-psychology-of-fast-fashion-exploring-the-complex-emotions-fast-fashion-evokes-in-consumers) from the original on 2023-04-22 . Retrieved 2023-04-22 . 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Danish twin fashion models Amalie and Cecilie Moosgaard Born Ikast (/wiki/Ikast) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) Nationality Danes (/wiki/Danes) Modeling information Hair color Light brown Eye color Blue-green Agency SILENT Models (New York) Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (Milan) The Hive Management (London) Le Management (Copenhagen, Stockholm, Hamburg) (mother agency) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Amalie Moosgaard and Cecilie Moosgaard are Danish twin fashion models. Careers [ edit ] The Moosgaards debuted exclusively as “the Prada (/wiki/Prada) twins” in 2015, deemed the most “coveted” job in modeling. [3] (#cite_note-3) Amalie is the older twin, and they were discovered in Aarhus (/wiki/Aarhus) , Denmark. [4] (#cite_note-4) The twins do most of their work together, [5] (#cite_note-5) but Amalie has also done separate work. They have also walked for brands such as Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) , Sonia Rykiel (/wiki/Sonia_Rykiel) , and Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) . [ citation needed ] They have appeared in Numéro, [6] (#cite_note-6) Love (/wiki/Love_(magazine)) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , and Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Amalie Moosgaard - Model" (https://models.com/models/amalie-moosgaard) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Cecilie Moosgaard - Model" (https://models.com/models/cecilie-moosgaard) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Schneier, Matthew (2015-10-14). "These 16-Year-Old Model Twins Appear in Step" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/15/fashion/model-twins-cecilie-amalie-moosgaard.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Twins Are Taking over the Fashion World: Here's How to Tell Who's Who" (https://www.vogue.com/article/deciphering-spring-model-twins) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet the New Class: Here Are the Models to Watch in 2016" (https://www.vogue.com/article/models-to-watch-2016) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-6) " (https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/photographie-serie-mode-twin-sisters-koto-bolofo) "Twin Sisters", par Koto Bolofo avec Amalie et Cecilie Moosgaard" (https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/photographie-serie-mode-twin-sisters-koto-bolofo) . Numéro Magazine . 22 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Spotz (Love Magazine)" (https://models.com/work/love-magazine-spotz) . MODELS.com . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐xb6lp Cached time: 20240713211801 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.364 seconds Real time usage: 0.745 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2083/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19632/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3509/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28024/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.255/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5528990/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 647.345 1 -total 37.65% 243.711 1 Template:Reflist 36.62% 237.026 1 Template:Infobox_model 33.88% 219.336 6 Template:Cite_web 13.60% 88.052 1 Template:Short_description 7.93% 51.318 1 Template:Citation_needed 7.65% 49.493 2 Template:Pagetype 6.39% 41.361 1 Template:Infobox 5.66% 36.669 18 Template:Main_other 5.52% 35.714 1 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59021821-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713211801 and revision id 1195800076. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie_and_Cecilie_Moosgaard&oldid=1195800076 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amalie_and_Cecilie_Moosgaard&oldid=1195800076) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Danish twins (/wiki/Category:Danish_twins) Twin models (/wiki/Category:Twin_models) Identical twins (/wiki/Category:Identical_twins) People from Aarhus (/wiki/Category:People_from_Aarhus) Danish female models (/wiki/Category:Danish_female_models) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2023) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
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Fashion social enterprise Studio One Eighty Nine Formation 2013 Founders Abrima Erwiah and Rosario Dawson (/wiki/Rosario_Dawson) Headquarters Accra (/wiki/Accra) , Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) Region West Africa (/wiki/West_Africa) Products Luxury artisanal handmade pieces Website studiooneeightynine (http://studiooneeightynine.com) .com (http://studiooneeightynine.com) [1] (#cite_note-vogue.it-1) Studio One Eighty Nine is a fashion social enterprise (/wiki/Social_enterprise) based in Ghana and the United States. Its goal is to promote African and African-inspired fashion. It has its own label and supports other brands. Studio One Eighty Nine co-founders, Hollywood actress Rosario Dawson (/wiki/Rosario_Dawson) and former Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) communications executive Abrima Erwiah, [2] (#cite_note-2) created Fashion Rising in 2013 in honor of V-Day Movement's (/wiki/V-Day_(movement)) One Billion Rising (/wiki/One_Billion_Rising) campaign. [3] (#cite_note-3) Origins and developments [ edit ] Dawson and Erwiah started Studio 189 after visiting several African countries in February 2011, as part of V-day. [4] (#cite_note-4) They believe that increasing the market share of the fashion industry and encouraging traditional techniques will lead to social change. [5] (#cite_note-5) Studio One Eighty Nine is partnered with the United Nations (/wiki/United_Nations) International Trade Centre (/wiki/International_Trade_Centre) 's Ethical Fashion Initiative. [6] (#cite_note-6) Distribution [ edit ] Studio One Eighty Nine creates womenswear, menswear and home goods. From apparel, to shoes, to accessories, to bags and pillows. The brand is sold online on their ecommerce site, in addition to other external points of sale. Studio One Eighty Nine have also partnered with Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) and YOOX (/wiki/YOOX_Net-a-Porter_Group) [7] (#cite_note-7) and have released an exclusive collection for this platform with proceeds benefiting the charity Fashion 4 Development. The collection can also be found at Opening Ceremony, [8] (#cite_note-8) Smithsonian, Maison de Mode, Free People, Parisi, the Surf Lodge, and Biffi Boutiques. Accolades [ edit ] Dawson and Erwiah received the Taormina Humanitarian Award at the 61st Taormina Film Festival (/wiki/Taormina_Film_Festival) in June 2015. [ citation needed ] In January 2015, Dawson and Erwiah were awarded the Martin Luther King Junior Award on Social Justice from the University of Pennsylvania (/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania) ’s . [9] (#cite_note-9) They have also received positive reviews from fashion magazines and newspapers like Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , [1] (#cite_note-vogue.it-1) WWD, [10] (#cite_note-10) Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) , [11] (#cite_note-11) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) Italia, [12] (#cite_note-12) El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) , [13] (#cite_note-13) The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Bloomberg Business (/wiki/Bloomberg_Business) , [15] (#cite_note-15) ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) [16] (#cite_note-16) and NY (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) Times. [17] (#cite_note-17) Erwiah was one of the 100 people featured by TRUE Africa for her role in Studio 189. [18] (#cite_note-18) The Spring/Summer ‘15 and ‘16 collections were showcased at the Lower East Side Girls’ Club as a part of New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2014 and 2015, Studio One Eighty Nine was selected to be featured as part of Design Indaba (/wiki/Design_Indaba) ’s “Africa is Now” exhibit in Cape Town and Durban, South Africa. [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Studio One Eighty Nine" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/contests-and-more/2014/09/studio-one-eighty-nine-rosario-dawson-abrima-erwiah) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Abrima Erwiah" (https://incwomenssummit.topi.com/speaker/abrima-erwiah-57igc) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Pang, Jeanine Celeste. "Rosario Dawson's Adventures in Ghana, Celebrating Women and Her First Clothing Collection" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/rosario-dawson-ghana-studio-one-eighty-nine/?_r=0) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Studio One Eighty Nine" (http://urbanbushbabes.com/studio-one-eighty-nine/) . Urban Bush Babes . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ediciones El País (27 February 2015). "Rosario Dawson: Musa de Quentin Tarantino y diseñadora sostenible - Estilo - EL PAÍS" (http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/02/26/estilo/1424952490_545688.html) . EL PAÍS . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Ethical Fashion Initiative - African Designer - Studio 189" (http://ethicalfashioninitiative.org/african-designer/studio-189/) . ITC . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "VOGUE BLACK" (http://www.yoox.com/project/vogueblack) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Studio One Eighty Nine Throws A Party For A Cause" (http://www.openingceremony.us/entry.asp?pid=11135) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Penn News - Rosario Dawson Headlines MLK Lecture in Social Justice at Penn Jan. 20" (http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/rosario-dawson-headlines-mlk-lecture-social-justice-penn-jan-20) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Joelle Diderich. "New Talents Get Spotlight in Milan" (http://wwd.com/eye/fashion-scoops/new-talents-get-spotlight-in-milan-7923163/) . WWD . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Rosario Dawson: "Per chi ci battiamo oggi?" (http://www.grazia.it/stile-di-vita/interviste/rosario-dawson-per-chi-ci-battiamo-oggi) " (http://www.grazia.it/stile-di-vita/interviste/rosario-dawson-per-chi-ci-battiamo-oggi) . Grazia . 11 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Rosario Dawson crea collezione in esclusiva per Yoox.com - VanityFair.it" (http://www.vanityfair.it/fashion/news/15/02/09/rosario-dawson-collezione-esclusiva-per-yooxcom) . vanityfair.it . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Rosario Dawson: "La moda es tan personal que define quién eres" - S Moda EL PAÍS" (http://smoda.elpais.com/celebrities/rosario-dawson-la-moda-es-tan-personal-que-define-quien-eres/) . S Moda EL PAÍS . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Marshall Heyman (29 June 2015). "Surfing, Shopping and Bundling Up in a Very Cool Montauk" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/surfing-shopping-and-bundling-up-in-a-very-cool-montauk-1435540194) . WSJ . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Retro Polo Shirts for Summer Fridays - Bloomberg Business" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-27/retro-polo-shirts-for-summer-fridays) . Bloomberg.com . 27 July 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-16) ABC News. "Actress Rosario Dawson's Mission for Sustainable Fashion" (https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/video/actress-rosario-dawsons-mission-sustainable-fashion-33554109) . ABC News . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Pang, Jeanine Celeste. "Rosario Dawson's Adventures in Ghana, Celebrating Women and Her First Clothing Collection" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/rosario-dawson-ghana-studio-one-eighty-nine/) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Team TRUE. "Abrima Erwiah: the designer on fresh talent - TRUE Africa" (http://trueafrica.co/article/abrima-erwiah-the-designer-inspiring-fresh-talent-in-accra/) . True Africa . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "WhoSay - #CelebsUnfiltered, Social Celebrities, Entertainment News, Photos, Videos, and Exclusives" (http://www.whosay.com/articles/11193-studio-189-rosario-dawson-nyfw) . WhoSay . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Fashion takes flight" (http://www.designindaba.com/articles/interviews/fashion-takes-flight) . Design Indaba . 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Earlier version of Choli kanchuka ( Kanchuka, Kanchuli ) was an upper-body garment, both half and full-sleeved jacket of a long length reaching the hips or even longer to the knee length. Kanchuka, because of its fit also defined as a soldier's dress. Rank ladies and young girls used the garment. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Types [ edit ] Kanchuka has been proclaimed since the rule of king Harsha (/wiki/Harsha) (1st century) in Kashmir. The records refer to the garment as the foremost recorded bodice (/wiki/Bodice) used in India.The Basava Purana (/wiki/Basava_purana) (1237 A.D.) suggests that young girls were also wearing the same. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) Bāṇabhaṭṭa (/wiki/B%C4%81%E1%B9%87abha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa) states it as a very lightweight garment. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) See also [ edit ] Adivasah (/wiki/Adivasah) Uttariya (/wiki/Uttariya) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Kamat's Potpourri: Wonderbras of Another Era" (http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/ancient/wonderbra.htm) . www.kamat.com . Retrieved 2021-01-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Mitra, Rajendralala (1875). The Antiquities of Orissa . Wyman. p. 84. ^ a b Begde, Prabhakar V. (1996). Living Sculpture: Classical Indian Culture as Depicted in Sculpture and Literature . Sagar Publications. pp. 57, 64, 66. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7082-010-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kautilya. 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South African fashion designer Marc Bouwer Born South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) Other names Marc Bouwer Occupation fashion designer Marc Bouwer is a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . He is a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) Career [ edit ] Upon winning the South African Vogue Young Designers Award, Marc Bouwer moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . Shortly after, designer Halston (/wiki/Halston) notices Bouwer's portfolio. Bouwer apprenticed with Halston fine tuning his design skills, particularly draping. Bouwer's "cut" and modern use of stretch fabrics, such as jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) and spandex (/wiki/Spandex) , in evening wear (/wiki/Evening_gown) coined the term "bathing suit gown" and gave way to "athletic glamour". [1] (#cite_note-1) Opening house in 1990 with business partner, Paul Margolin, Marc Bouwer Couture has since graced the covers and pages of publications including Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) , Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , and InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Actress Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) arrived at the 2004 Academy Awards in a white satin Marc Bouwer gown (/wiki/White_Marc_Bouwer_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) , later named one of the best Oscar dresses of all time by André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-reddress-3) Most recently, Bouwer helped in reintroducing us to loyal client and friend, Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) , designing the costumes for her Still The One Tour, which opened December 1, 2012 at Caesars Palace (/wiki/Caesars_Palace) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Bouwer was the first American designer to produce a virtual fashion show in response to economic struggle across the globe and regarding the environment. As opposed to bringing us to Bryant Park (/wiki/Bryant_Park) , Bouwer took us, and his inaugural Spring/Summer 2009 collection, to the web. [6] (#cite_note-6) Not only did this new medium of fashion allow friends and clients to experience the collection if unable to physically attend a show, but it also opened the experience into the offices and homes of stylists, buyers, journalists, and fashionistas everywhere. Bouwer felt it was his "social and environmental responsibility" to pave way to such a movement "minimizing impact and waste". [7] (#cite_note-7) Bouwer virtually presented his Fall 2010 collection, starring Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) , before taking the experience one step further. [8] (#cite_note-8) In February 2011 Bouwer was the first designer to present a virtual 3D fashion show with his Fall 2011 collection starring model Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Awards [ edit ] Bouwer's awards for avoiding animal products (/wiki/Animal_products) in his fashions include a PETA Humanitarian Award, and The United States Humane Societies (/wiki/United_States_Humane_Society) “Compassion in Fashion Award”. Marc uses technology in designing, to create cruelty free fashion with high quality faux furs (/wiki/Faux_fur) , garnering several PETA (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) sponsorships. [10] (#cite_note-10) Television appearances [ edit ] Title Role Notes Year Not Just A Girl : Shania Twain Himself Documentary 2022 Blue Bloods (/wiki/Blue_Bloods_(TV_series)) Himself Season 1, episode 19 2011 Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Guest Judge Season 6, episode 4 2009 Ebony (/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)) Fashion Fair: 50 Years of Style Himself TV movie 2008 I Am an Animal: The Story of Ingrid Newkirk and PETA Himself Documentary 2007 Miss Universe 2007 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2007) Judge TV special 2007 CMT: The Greatest- 20 Sexiest Videos of 2006 Himself TV special 2006 The Apprentice U.S. (/wiki/The_Apprentice_(U.S._TV_series)) Team Designer Season 5, episode 13 2006 CMT: Greatest Moments: Shania Twain Himself TV special 2006 Paris Hilton: Not So Simple Himself TV documentary 2005 America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Designer, Go-See Challenge Cycle 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_3) , episode 7 2004 Miss Universe 2001 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2001) Judge TV special 2001 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Marc Bouwer Biography" (http://www.marcbouwer.com/biography/biography.swf) . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "André Leon Talley on the Best Oscar Dresses of All Time - Vogue Daily - Vogue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130224005646/http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/andre-leon-talley-on-the-best-oscars-dresses-of-all-time/#1) . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/andre-leon-talley-on-the-best-oscars-dresses-of-all-time/#1) on 24 February 2013 . Retrieved 17 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-reddress_3-0) "Stars Hit the Runway for Heart Health" (http://www.shape.com/celebrities/celebrity-photos/stars-hit-runway-heart-health?page=10) . Shape.com. 10 February 2012 . Retrieved 10 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Stevenson, Jane (30 November 2012). "The Man Behind Shania Twain's Vegas Look" (http://www.torontosun.com/2012/11/30/the-man-behind-shanias-vegas-look) . Toronto Sun . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Billboard, Staff (2 December 2012). < "Shania Twain Kicks Off Vegas Run With First Show in 8 Years" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-615/473910/shania-twain-kicks-off-vegas-run-with-first-show-in-8-years) . Billboard Magazine . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Marc Bouwer Spring 2009 New York Fashion Week" (http://www.firstpost.com/topic/person/marc-bouwer-fashion-show-marc-bouwer-spring-2009-new-york-fashion-week-video-8nIVkix4U7g-42057-5.html) . Firstpost.com . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110614135057/http://www.marcbouwer.com/Spring2009/press/download/MarcBouwerS09PressRelease.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://marcbouwer.com/Spring2009/press/download/MarcBouwerS09PressRelease.pdf) (PDF) on 14 June 2011 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Archived at Ghostarchive (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/jwXO7g4-gp0) and the Wayback Machine (https://web.archive.org/web/20160522081146/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwXO7g4-gp0) : Super Model Candice Swanepoel stars in fashion show for Marc Bouwer Fall 2010 . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Rubaum-Keller, Irene (8 February 2011). "Marc Bouwer: The First Ever 3D Fashion Show at Fashion Week" (https://huffingtonpost.com/irene-rubaumkeller-/marc-bouwer-the-first-eve_b_819883.html) . Huffingtonpost.com . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Marc Bouwer Premieres Animal-Free Clothing Line" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111025070327/http://www.peta.org/tv/videos/skins/292377265001.aspx) . Archived from the original (http://www.peta.org/tv/videos/skins/292377265001.aspx) on 25 October 2011 . Retrieved 10 February 2012 . Further reading [ edit ] http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/a-sense-of-drama-vivienne-tam-alice-roi-carlos-miele-milly-by-michelle-smith-marc-bouwer-584305 (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/a-sense-of-drama-vivienne-tam-alice-roi-carlos-miele-milly-by-michelle-smith-marc-bouwer-584305) Time (magazine) (https://web.archive.org/web/20071111085112/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986186,00.html) http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20122302,00.html (http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20122302,00.html) External links [ edit ] http://marcbouwer.com/ (http://marcbouwer.com/) https://web.archive.org/web/20110228071441/http://www.elle.com/Runway/Ready-to-Wear/Spring-2008-Ready-to-Wear/MARC-BOUWER/MARC-BOUWER (https://web.archive.org/web/20110228071441/http://www.elle.com/Runway/Ready-to-Wear/Spring-2008-Ready-to-Wear/MARC-BOUWER/MARC-BOUWER) http://www.cfda.com/members/?member_id=679&tab=a (http://www.cfda.com/members/?member_id=679&tab=a) https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1071153/ (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1071153/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐67c8b99664‐rpszp Cached time: 20240701110814 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.303 seconds Real time usage: 0.404 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1972/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19665/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 918/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38749/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.183/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6190768/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 380.428 1 -total 36.82% 140.063 1 Template:Reflist 29.58% 112.512 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.88% 102.255 6 Template:Cite_web 21.87% 83.196 1 Template:Short_description 12.37% 47.041 2 Template:Pagetype 10.24% 38.955 17 Template:Main_other 6.42% 24.407 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.56% 21.146 1 Template:Authority_control 5.52% 21.006 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26155932-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701110814 and revision id 1231995642. 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Emirati fashion designer Tamaraah Al-Gabaani is a Saudi fashion designer, television personality and model. Biography [ edit ] Tamaraah Al-Gabaani grew up in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) and attended school in London (/wiki/London) . Al-Gabbani was the face of DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) and Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) for their modest collections. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She was featured in Magrabi (/w/index.php?title=Magrabi&action=edit&redlink=1) 's summer 2018 fashion campaign celebrating female empowerment in the Middle East. [6] (#cite_note-6) Al-Gabbani began her career as a television presenter for a broadcasting station in Dubai, [7] (#cite_note-7) which lead to her role as the host of Dubai International Film Festival (/wiki/Dubai_International_Film_Festival) 's television show, which focused on coverage of film festivals throughout the United Arab Emirates. [8] (#cite_note-8) She founded the fashion brands House of Glamo (/wiki/House_of_Glam) and Tamara Al Gabbani in 2011. [9] (#cite_note-iamtamara.com-9) Her main collections are of evening gowns, jalabiyas, and abayas. [10] (#cite_note-10) Her collection was launched at Burj Khalifa and is sold at Village Mall and The Dubai Mall (/wiki/The_Dubai_Mall) . [11] (#cite_note-11) She was awarded Best Dressed at Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) in her own designs, the first time for an Arab woman. [12] (#cite_note-12) [9] (#cite_note-iamtamara.com-9) She is also a brand ambassador for Jaipur Gems. [13] (#cite_note-13) In February 2018, she debuted a collection at the Best of Global Modest Fashion show during London Modest Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "#DKNYRamadan Capsule Collection 2014 - Style.com/Arabia" (https://en.vogue.me/archive/legacy/dkny-introduces-the-dknyramadan-capsule-collection-2014/) . En.vogue.me . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Muse: Life lessons from Saudi designer Tamara Al-Gabbani" (http://www.arabnews.pk/node/1283476/fashion) . Arabnews.pk . 12 April 2018 . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Stunning, Saudi Tamara Al-Gabbani Releases Images From Dolce & Gabbana Campaign" (https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/stunning-saudi-tamara-al-gabbani-releases-images-dolce-gabbana-campaign-1109522) . Albawaba.com . 28 March 2018 . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Muse: Life lessons from Saudi designer Tamara Al-Gabbani" (http://www.arabnews.com/node/1283476/fashion) . Arabnews.com . 12 April 2018 . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Dolce & Gabbana Collaborates With Regional Influencers For A Shoot In Bur Dubai" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/the-news/dolce-gabbana-dubai-mall) . Harpersbazaararabia.com . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "5 Middle Eastern Influencers Join Together To Share Their Vision For Female Empowerment" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/the-news/magrabi-vision-for-female-empowerment) . Harpersbazaararabia.com . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "How to pack for a trip to Rio" (https://www.cntravellerme.com/content/8731-how-to-pack-for-a-trip-to-rio) . Cntravellerme.com . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Tamara Al Gabbani" (https://www.mastermindprdubai.com/tamara-al-gabbani.html) . MasterMind PR . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "About" (http://iamtamara.com/about/) . Iamtamara.com . 7 March 2013 . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "6 Reasons Why Saudi Designer Tamara Al Gabbani Is Taking The Region's Fashion Scene By Storm" (https://lovinsaudi.com/influencers/6-reasons-why-saudi-designer-tamara-al-gabbani-is-taking-the-regions-fashion-scene-by-storm) . Lovinsaudi.com . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Tamara Al Gabbani Fashion" (https://www.arabiaweddings.com/dubai/evening-dresses/tamara-al-gabbani-fashion) . Arabiaweddings.com . 20 February 2016 . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "About Designer" (http://www.tamaraalgabbani.com/about-designer.html) . Tamara Al Gabbani Fashion Brand . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "My fabulous Friday: Tamara Al Gabbani" (https://fridaymagazine.ae/life-culture/people-profiles/my-fabulous-friday-tamara-al-gabbani-1.1553215) . Fridaymagazine.ae . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Dubai-based fashion star Tamara Al-Gabbani showcases collection at LMFW" (https://www.mysalaam.com/en/story/dubai-based-fashion-star-tamara-al-gabbani-showcases-collection-at-lmfw/SALAAM19022018070250) . Mysalaam.com . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . This Emirati (/wiki/Emiratis) biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamara_Al-Gabbani&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐mljkl Cached time: 20240713065028 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.256 seconds Real time usage: 0.325 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 783/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 25663/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 509/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 54491/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.178/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4620330/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 303.183 1 -total 49.71% 150.715 1 Template:Reflist 42.58% 129.102 14 Template:Cite_web 24.74% 74.994 1 Template:UnitedArabEmirates-bio-stub 24.16% 73.249 1 Template:Asbox 23.31% 70.681 1 Template:Short_description 12.22% 37.050 2 Template:Pagetype 7.22% 21.884 3 Template:Main_other 6.59% 19.971 1 Template:SDcat 2.23% 6.751 1 Template:Bio_icon Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58984676-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713065028 and revision id 1231591455. 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)_season_4) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)_season_4) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience . Please help by spinning off (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections) or relocating (/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia) any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not) . 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Find sources: "Top Model (Polish TV series) season 4" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Top+Model+%28Polish+TV+series%29+season+4%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Top+Model+%28Polish+TV+series%29+season+4%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Top+Model+%28Polish+TV+series%29+season+4%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Top+Model+%28Polish+TV+series%29+season+4%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Top+Model+%28Polish+TV+series%29+season+4%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Top+Model+%28Polish+TV+series%29+season+4%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Season of television series Top Model Season 4 No. of episodes 13 Release Original network TVN (/wiki/TVN_(Poland)) Original release 1 September ( 2014-09-01 ) – 24 November 2014 ( 2014-11-24 ) Season chronology ← Previous Cycle 3 (/wiki/Poland%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_3)) Next → Cycle 5 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_cycle_5)) List of episodes (/wiki/Poland%27s_Next_Top_Model#Cycles) Top Model (/wiki/Poland%27s_Next_Top_Model) , cycle 4 is the fourth cycle of an ongoing reality show (/wiki/Reality_television) based on Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) ' America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) that pits contestants from Poland (/wiki/Poland) against each other in a variety of competitions to determine who will win the title of the next Polish Top Model . [1] (#cite_note-1) The competition was hosted by Polish-born model Joanna Krupa (/wiki/Joanna_Krupa) who served as the lead judge alongside fashion designer Dawid Woliński, fashion show director Kasia Sokołowska and photographer Marcin Tyszka. [2] (#cite_note-2) This was the first season of the show to feature male contestants in the cast. [3] (#cite_note-3) Among the prizes are a lucrative modeling contract with NEXT Model Management as well as an appearance on the cover of the Polish issue of Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) and 100,000 złotys (/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty) (US$30,000). The campaign with Max Factor featured in previous cycles has been dropped. The international destinations this cycle were Lisbon (/wiki/Lisbon) and Fuerteventura (/wiki/Fuerteventura) . The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Osi Ugonoh from Gdańsk (/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk) . Auditions [ edit ] The auditions for season four took place from June 15 to June 27, 2014, in the cities of Gdańsk (/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk) , Poznań (/wiki/Pozna%C5%84) , Katowice (/wiki/Katowice) and Warsaw (/wiki/Warsaw) . [4] (#cite_note-4) City Venue Audition Gdańsk (/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk) Ołowianka (/wiki/O%C5%82owianka) June 15 Poznań (/wiki/Pozna%C5%84) — June 19 Katowice (/wiki/Katowice) — June 21 Warsaw (/wiki/Warsaw) Wilanów Palace (/wiki/Wilan%C3%B3w_Palace) June 27 Contestants [ edit ] (ages stated are at start of contest) Contestant Age Height Hometown Finish Place Karolina Kaczyńska 21 1.72 m (5 ft 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Sławków (/wiki/S%C5%82awk%C3%B3w) Episode 4 13 Michał Kaszyński 20 1.87 m (6 ft 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Swarzędz (/wiki/Swarz%C4%99dz) Episode 5 12 Aleksandra 'Ola' Grzegorczyk 21 1.79 m (5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Końskie (/wiki/Ko%C5%84skie) Episode 6 11 Adam Boguta 19 1.92 m (6 ft 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Górecko (/wiki/G%C3%B3recko) Episode 7 10 Mateusz Maga 22 1.82 m (5 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Jarosław (/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw) Episode 8 9 Paulina 'Misza' Czumaczenko 26 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) Episode 9 8 Ewelina Pachucka 23 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Jastrzębie-Zdrój (/wiki/Jastrz%C4%99bie-Zdr%C3%B3j) Episode 10 7 Aleksandra 'Ola' Żuraw 21 1.79 m (5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Lubin (/wiki/Lubin) Episode 11 6 Michalina Strabel 19 1.74 m (5 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Dąbrowa 5 Mateusz Jarzębiak 22 1.93 m (6 ft 4 in) Rabka-Zdrój (/wiki/Rabka-Zdr%C3%B3j) Episode 12 4 Marta Sędzicka 20 1.77 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Szczecin (/wiki/Szczecin) Episode 13 3 Michał Baryza 22 1.89 m (6 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Koneck (/wiki/Koneck) 2 Osuenhe 'Osi' Ugonoh 20 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Gdańsk (/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk) 1 Episodes [ edit ] Episode 1 [ edit ] Original Air Date: September 1, 2014 For the first time, the judges scout for both male and female model hopefuls to take part in the competition. The first round of auditions is held in Wilanow palace. Episode 2 [ edit ] Original Air Date: September 8, 2014 The second round of audition begins, and the pool of hopefuls who will participate in the semi-finals boot camp increases. Episode 3 [ edit ] Original Air Date: September 15, 2014 Final casting episode. The semifinalists take part in an inaugural runway show before being subjected to the first a round of eliminations. Later, they experience the very first photo shoot of the season. At elimination, only thirteen models are selected into the final cast. Group Models Theme One Asia, Dominika T , Martyna R , Mateusz M, Michał K, Michalina, Ola Ż Castaways (/wiki/Castaway) Two Agata , Dominika R , Marcin , Martyna K , Michał B, Osi Surfers (/wiki/Surfers) Three Adam, Angela , Mateusz J, Ola G, Misza, Piotr Fishermen (/wiki/Fishermen) Four Alan , Daria G , Daria S , Ewelina, Karolina, Marta, Robert Socialites (/wiki/Socialites) Names in bold represent eliminated semi-finalists Episode 4 [ edit ] Original Air Date: September 22, 2014 Before moving into their new home, the contestants are put to the test with their very first challenge - walking down the runway on revolving platforms. Most of the women fail to cross the entire way without falling, with the exception of Marta. Most of the male models stumble before crossing the entire way. Due to her agility on the catwalk, Marta is deemed as the winner of the challenge. Challenge Winner: Marta Sędzicka Afterwards, the finalists are immediately driven to their new homes. For having won the challenge, Marta is allowed to pick two contestants who will be the first to enter the house with her while the rest of the models are forced to wait outside. She chooses Ola Z. and Michał K. The following day, makeovers take place. Ola Z. and Marta have the most trouble accepting their makeovers. For the photo shoot the models must pose in a slaughter house while they wear pieces of meat as garments incorporated into their outfits. They are overseen by judges Michał Pirog and Joanna Krupa. Marta, Michał B, Michalina, Misza and Osi all perform well on set. Ewelina feels uncomfortable posing with the meat, while Adam's repeated stabbing of one of the carcasses upsets Joanna. Michał K. and Mateusz M. struggle the most, both finding it hard to come up with natural and diverse poses. At panel, Michał B. receives the best photo. Meanwhile, Adam, Ola and Karolina are called forward as the bottom three. Ola and Adam are declared safe, and Karolina is eliminated from the competition. First call-out: Michał Baryza Bottom three: Adam Boguta, Ola Żuraw & Karolina Kaczyńska Eliminated: Karolina Kaczyńska Featured photographer: Krzysztof Wyżyński Special guests: Agnieszka Maciąg Guest judge: Ania Jurgaś Episode 5 [ edit ] Original Air Date: September 29, 2014 Theme Contestants Wind Adam, Ewelina, Mateusz M, Marta, Ola G, Osi Water Mateusz J, Michał B, Michał K, Michalina, Misza, Ola Z Challenge Winner: Michalina Strabel Challenge Winner: Mateusz Jarzębiak & Osi Ugonoh Pairs Dressed Naked Adam Misza Ola Z. Ewelina Marta Michał K. Mateusz M. Mateusz J. Ola G. Michalina Osi Michał B. Immune: Marta Sędzicka, Mateusz Maga, Michalina Strabel, Misza Czumaczenko, Ola Żuraw & Osi Ugonoh First call-out: Osi Ugonoh Bottom two: Ola Grzegorczyk & Michał Kaszyński Eliminated: Michał Kaszyński Featured photographer: Robert Wolański Special guests: Ewa Chodakowska, Anatol Modzelewski Guest judge: Zuza Bijoch Episode 6 [ edit ] Original Air Date: October 6, 2014 The contestants return home from the previous elimination to find a note from Michal K. written on the bathroom mirror. The models suggest that the message 'stop staring at the mirror' was directed at Mateusz M. Several of the contestants believe that Mateusz should have been eliminated instead of Michał. They continue to lay into him at dinner later that night. For the challenge, the contestants must walk on the runway with clothing from three different designers. After being interviewed by them, they must guess what articles of clothing they are wearing belong to which designer. Mateusz M and Ewelina are able to match all of the clothes with the right designer, but it is Ewelina who is revealed to be the challenge winner. Challenge Winner: Ewelina Pachucka The following day, the models are taken to a landfill (/wiki/Landfill) for their photo shoot. Ola Z, Ewelina, Marta, Misza, and Osi all do well. Mateusz M. is asked to look less feminine in his photos, while Mateusz J. is asked to look more elegant. Michalina and Ola G struggle most. At panel, Ewelina, Mateusz M, Misza, and Marta all receive positive feedback. Adam is chastised for the 'lack of fashion' in his photo. Michalina and Ola G receive the most negative critiques. During elimination, Misza is awarded best photo. Michalina and Ola G. land in the bottom two. Joanna hands the last photo to Michalina, who is saved due to her strong previous performances, while Ola G. is asked to leave the competition. First call-out: Misza Czumaczenko Bottom two: Michalina Strabel & Ola Grzegorczyk Eliminated: Ola Grzegorczyk Featured photographer: Adam Plucinski Special guest: Tony Ward, Adrian Włodarski Guest judge: Tony Ward (/wiki/Tony_Ward_(model)) Episode 7 [ edit ] Original Air Date: October 13, 2014 Challenge Winner: Ola Żuraw Challenge Winner/Immune: Marta Sędzicka Pairs Adam & Michalina Ewelina & Mateusz J. Marta & Mateusz M. Misza & Michal Osi & Ola Ż Immune: Ewelina Pachucka, Marta Sędzicka, Mateusz Jarzębiak, Misza Czumaczenko & Ola Żuraw First call-out: Ola Żuraw Bottom two: Adam Boguta & Michalina Strabel Eliminated: Adam Boguta Featured photographer: Krzysztof Opaliński Guest judge: Kamila Szczabińska Episode 8 [ edit ] Original Air Date: October 20, 2014 First call-out: Marta Sędzicka Bottom three: Ewelina Pachucka, Mateusz Maga & Misza Czumaczenko Eliminated: Mateusz Maga Featured photographer: Emil Biliński Special guest: Zosia Ślotała Guest judge: Przemysław Saleta (/wiki/Przemys%C5%82aw_Saleta) Episode 9 [ edit ] Original Air Date: October 27, 2014 First call-out: Michał Baryza Bottom three: Mateusz Jarzębiak, Michalina Strabel & Misza Czumaczenko Eliminated: Misza Czumaczenko Featured photographer: Lara Jade Special guest: Barbara Kurdej-Szatan, Wojciech Brzozowski Guest judge: Kinga Rusin (/wiki/Kinga_Rusin) Episode 10 [ edit ] Original Air Date: November 3, 2014 First call-out: Osi Ugonoh Bottom three: Ewelina Pachucka, Michalina Strabel & Michał Baryza Eliminated: Ewelina Pachucka Featured photographer: Marcin Tyszka Guest judge: Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) Episode 11 [ edit ] Original Air Date: November 10, 2014 Eliminated outside of judging panel: Ola Żuraw First call-out: Marta Sędzicka Bottom two: Mateusz Jarzębiak & Michalina Strabel Eliminated: Michalina Strabel Featured photographer: Mario Principe Guest judges: Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) , Michał Piróg Episode 12 [ edit ] Original Air Date: November 17, 2014 First call-out: Marta Sędzicka Bottom two: Mateusz Jarzębiak & Osi Ugonoh Eliminated: Mateusz Jarzębiak Episode 13 [ edit ] Original Air Date: November 24, 2014 Final three: Marta Sędzicka, Michał Baryza & Osi Ugonoh Eliminated: Marta Sędzicka Final two: Michał Baryza & Osi Ugonoh Poland's Next Top Model: Osi Ugonoh Guest Judge: Kasia Struss (/wiki/Kasia_Struss) Summaries [ edit ] Call-out order [ edit ] Joanna's call-out order Order Episodes 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 Mateusz J. Michał B. Osi Misza Ola Ż. Marta Michał B. Osi Marta Marta Michał B. Osi 2 Ola G. Marta Misza Ewelina Ewelina Michał B. Osi Ola Ż. Osi Michał B. Osi Michał B. 3 Adam Michalina Ola Ż. Marta Mateusz J. Ola Ż. Ola Ż. Marta Michał B. Osi Marta 4 Misza Misza Mateusz M. Osi Misza Osi Marta Mateusz J. Mateusz J. Mateusz J. 5 Karolina Mateusz J. Michalina Mateusz M. Marta Mateusz J. Ewelina Michał B. Michalina 6 Ewelina Osi Marta Michał B. Osi Michalina Michalina Michalina Ola Ż. 7 Marta Ola G. Michał B. Ola Ż. Mateusz M. Ewelina Mateusz J. Ewelina 8 Michał B. Ewelina Adam Mateusz J. Michał B. Misza Misza 9 Osi Michał K. Ewelina Adam Michalina Mateusz M. 10 Michał K. Mateusz M. Mateusz J. Michalina Adam 11 Mateusz M. Ola Ż. Ola G. Ola G. 12 Michalina Adam Michał K. 13 Ola Ż. Karolina The contestant was eliminated The contestant was immune from elimination The contestant was eliminated outside of judging panel The contestant won the competition Episodes 1, 2 and 3 were casting episodes. In episode 3, the pool of semi-finalists was reduced to the final 13 models who moved on to the main competition. Episodes 4, 8, 9 and 10 featured the bottom three contestants were in danger of elimination. In episode 5, Marta, Mateusz M, Michalina, Misza, Ola Ż and Osi were granted immunity from elimination at panel for having performed the best in their pair for the shoot. In episode 7, Marta was granted immunity as a result of having won the reward challenge. Ewelina, Mateusz J, Misza, Ola Ż (and once again Marta), were granted immunity from elimination at panel. In episode 11, the contestants had a casting challenge with Anja Rubik. Immediately after the challenge was over, Anja revealed that she had deemed Ola Ż to have been the worst. She was eliminated outside of judging panel as a result. Bottom Two/Three [ edit ] Episode Contestants Eliminated 4 Adam Ola Ż Karolina Karolina 5 Ola G. & Michał K. Michał K. 6 Michalina & Ola G. Ola G. 7 Adam & Michalina Adam 8 Ewelina Mateusz M. Misza Mateusz M. 9 Mateusz J. Michalina Misza Misza 10 Ewelina Michalina Michał B. Ewelina 11 Mateusz J. & Michalina Ola Ż Michalina 12 Mateusz J. & Osi Mateusz J. 13 Marta Michał B. Osi Marta Michał B. & Osi Michał B. The contestant was eliminated after their first time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated after their second time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated after their third time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated after their fifth time in the bottom two The contestant was eliminated outside of judging panel The contestant was eliminated in the final judging and placed third. The contestant was eliminated in the final judging and placed second. Photo shoot guide [ edit ] Episode 3 photo shoot: Beach scenarios in groups (Semifinals) Episode 4 photo shoot: Glamour in a Slaughterhouse (/wiki/Slaughterhouse) Episode 5 photo shoot: Dressed and naked in Pairs Episode 6 photo shoot: Fashion in a junkyard (/wiki/Wrecking_yard) Episode 7 photo shoot: Fiat 500 (/wiki/Fiat_500) advertisements in pairs in the scenery of Toruń (/wiki/Toru%C5%84) Episode 8 photo shoot: Wild West (/wiki/Wild_West) battles Episode 9 photo shoot: Equestrian (/wiki/Equestrianism) fashion with a horse Episode 10 photo shoots: Editorials by Marcin Tyszka; posing with Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) Episode 11 photo shoot: Funeral fashion editorial Episode 12 photo shoot: Fashion in the streets of Lisbon Episode 13 photo shoot: Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_magazine) magazine covers & spreads in Fuerteventura (/wiki/Fuerteventura) Post– Top Model careers [ edit ] Karolina Kaczyńska signed with D'Vision Model Management. She has taken a couple of test shots and appeared on magazine editorials for Joy (/wiki/Joy_(magazine)) February 2015. She retired from modeling in 2016. Michał Kaszyński signed with Hunter Models Agency, AS Management and F Models International in Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) . He has taken a couple of test shots [5] (#cite_note-5) and walked in fashion show for Feby Haniv Pour Homme FW17. [6] (#cite_note-6) He has modeled for Yum Yummy Store PL, Eif Store PL SS16, [7] (#cite_note-7) Czayka Design, Matahari (/wiki/Matahari_(department_store)) Indonesia, Rani Hatta, Wellborn Company Indonesia,... and appeared on magazine editorials for Da Man Indonesia FW17.18, Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) Indonesia December 2017,... Kaszyński retired from modeling in 2019. Ola Grzegorczyk signed with D'Vision Model Management. She has taken a couple of test shots and walked in fashion show for Roberta Kupisza. She retired from modeling in 2019. Adam Boguta signed with D'Vision Model Management, Uncover Models, Quest Artists & Models in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Face Model International in Taipei (/wiki/Taipei) , Image Models in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Brave Model Management in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , PRM Agency in London (/wiki/London) , Citizen Management in Oslo (/wiki/Oslo) , Francina Models in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) and Mega Model Agency in Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) . He has taken a couple of test shots [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) and modeled for Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(company)) , Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) , Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) , Levi's (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) , Le Coq Sportif (/wiki/Le_Coq_Sportif) , Giordano International (/wiki/Giordano_International) Taiwan, Project Mess PL, Mr. Gugu & Miss Go, Moiselle Hong Kong FW15, 80/20 Hong Kong FW15, Harp Team Summer 2016, Jack & Jones, Indice Studio Taiwan, Net Fashion Taiwan, Jaga Hupało, Diamante Wear, Prosto Wear, Mass Denim 98, Giacomo Conti, Lee (/wiki/Lee_(brand)) Europe SS19, 4F (/wiki/4F_(company)) SS19, Intimatus Taiwan, Złote Tarasy (/wiki/Z%C5%82ote_Tarasy) , Sogo Hong Kong (/wiki/Sogo_Hong_Kong) , Bosideng (/wiki/Bosideng) Taiwan, Heineken (/wiki/Heineken) , Panasonic (/wiki/Panasonic) ,... He has appeared on magazine cover and editorials for Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health) , Yoho! Boy Hong Kong, Elegeant January 2015, [10] (#cite_note-10) Kaltblut Germany February 2015, Tao Hong Kong September 2015, East Touch (/wiki/East_Touch) Hong Kong October 2015, Chasseur September 2016, Institute US January 2018, GQ (/wiki/GQ) Japan September 2018,... and walked in fashion shows of Guess (/wiki/Guess_(company)) , Demo Hong Kong SS16, PolyU Hong Kong SS16, Mariusz Przybylski, Daniel Wong FW18,... Beside modeling, Maga has competed as a contestant on Love Island. Wyspa miłości (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Island._Wyspa_mi%C5%82o%C5%9Bci) 2023 and also pursuing a music career which he had release several singles. Mateusz Maga signed with D'Vision Model Management, Mango Models, Embassy Models, MSA Models in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , [11] (#cite_note-11) Exit Model Management in Bratislava (/wiki/Bratislava) , Profile Models & Named Models in London (/wiki/London) , Joy Model Management, Brave Model Management & Wonderwall Management in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . He has taken a couple of test shots [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) and modeled for Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , [15] (#cite_note-15) The Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) UK, Secret Lashes PL, [16] (#cite_note-16) Marta Twarowska, Fudge Professional UK, KMS Hair,... He has appeared on magazine cover and editorials for Fashion PL #1 Spring 2015, [17] (#cite_note-17) Design Scene June 2015, [18] (#cite_note-18) Synzine UK September 2015, Vulkan US December 2015, Kaltblut Germany April 2015, [19] (#cite_note-19) Alice US March 2016, HUF US August 2017, Switch Italia December 2017,... and walked in fashion shows of Marta Twarowska, Sergei Grinko SS16, [20] (#cite_note-20) Vfiles FW16, Hardeman FW16, Collina Strada FW16, Catch Michelle FW16, Nika Tang FW16, Di Liborio SS17, Marta Jakubowski SS17, Edda Gimnes SS17, Cimone SS17, Sorapol SS17, Morecco SS17, Peet Dullaert SS17, Sartorial Monk FW18.19, Ying Sheng Education SS20, IA London SS20, Two Point Two Studio FW20, DB Berdan FW20,... Beside modeling, Maga has competed as a contestant on Agent – Gwiazdy 2017 (/wiki/Agent_(TV_series)#Season_5_(2017)) and also pursuing a music career which he had release several singles. Misza Czumaczenko signed with D'Vision Model Management, Unique Agency, WMM Models & Magnum Model Management in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . She has taken a couple of test shots [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) and appeared on magazine cover and editorials for CKM (/wiki/CKM_(magazine)) , [23] (#cite_note-23) Make-Up Trendy, Wesele, [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) Exclusive Info #19 Summer 2015, Elléments US April 2015, Dusty Argentina April 2015, Solis US #14 May 2015, Imperium Kobiet #17 July 2015, Elegant July 2015, Offset #10 November 2015, Didaskalia #130 December 2015, Digital Camera Polska December 2015, Playboy (/wiki/Playboy) Croatia #222 January 2016, [26] (#cite_note-26) Fashion World Saudi Arabia June 2016, [27] (#cite_note-27) Modellenland Belgium #16 October 2016, [28] (#cite_note-28) Moda-Ślub #2 Spring 2017, Scorpio Jin US #1 April 2019,... She has modeled for Flove PL, Mo.Ya fashion, La Roue Fashion FW15.16, Wear Medicine, Wild Rabbit Lingerie, Oku Aku, Diesre Turkey, Tozlu Turkey, Noktateyn Turkey, Samsun Turkey, Answear, Barla by Anna Bartula FW16, Didaldi, Supersklep PL, Imperial Store PL, Signific PL, Venus Club Italia, Porta d'Oro Night Club Italia,... and walked in fashion shows of Confashion Clothes, Mia Manufacture, Coco Giovanna, Bruno Nowi SS15, Ela Olszewska, Helmy Paris, Django Steenbakker, Christina Bobkova, Agnes Wuyam, Łukasz Verra Couture, Endorfina Wear, Juliette K. Fashion,... Beside modeling, Czumaczenko has also represented Russia (/wiki/Russia) compete on Princess of the World 2016 [29] (#cite_note-29) and appeared in several music videos such as "C2C" by Kartky & Emes Milligan, [30] (#cite_note-30) "Strzygi" by Snowid ft. Kipikasza [31] (#cite_note-31) ,... She retired from modeling in 2020. Ewelina Pachucka signed with D'Vision Model Management. She has taken some test shots, [32] (#cite_note-32) modeled for Momidesign [33] (#cite_note-33) and appeared on magazine cover and editorials for Premium PL #2 February 2015. She retired from modeling in 2016. Ola Żuraw signed with D'Vision Model Management and Uncover Models. She has taken a couple of test shots [34] (#cite_note-34) and walked in fashion shows of Bartmanska, Angelika Jozefczyk,... She has appeared on magazine cover and editorials for Joy (/wiki/Joy_(magazine)) , Elegant September 2015, Institute UK March 2016, Live & Travel PL July 2016,... and modeled for Cropp (/wiki/Cropp_(brand)) , Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) , Mr. Gugu & Miss Go, O.N.E Fashion PL, Waleria Tokarzewska SS16, Wearso Organic, Gosia Strojek SS17, [35] (#cite_note-35) Kontigo, Aleksandra Markowska, Coca-Cola (/wiki/Coca-Cola) ,... Żuraw retired from modeling in 2020. Michalina Strabel signed with D'Vision Model Management, MMG Models in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , Promod Model Agency in Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) , L'Agence Models in Lisbon (/wiki/Lisbon) , Vip Models in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Ice Models & Wonderwall Management in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . She has taken a couple of test shots [36] (#cite_note-36) and walked in fashion shows of Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) , Guess (/wiki/Guess_(company)) , Yousef Al Jasmi SS15, Madiyah Al Sharqi SS15,... She has appeared on magazine cover and editorials for Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) Arabia, [37] (#cite_note-37) Haya UAE, [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) France March 2015, [40] (#cite_note-40) Hot Moda March 2015, Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) Middle East April 2015, [41] (#cite_note-41) The Cartel UAE #3 Summer 2015, [42] (#cite_note-42) Ahlan! (/wiki/Ahlan!) UAE April 2015, Tuba #11 February 2016, [43] (#cite_note-43) Claudia April 2017, Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) Kolekcje SS18, Dreamingless UK April 2019, Selin Netherlands June 2022,... and modeled for Kas Kryst SS15, Ence Pence PL, Twisted Roots UAE, Bouguessa UAE Ramadan/Cruise 2015, MMC Studio Design, [44] (#cite_note-44) Mohito PL, Indigo Nails France, Puccini PL, Molton PL, Manzzano FW18.19, Mia Manufacture, Bialcon PL SS19, Modivo PL, Dr. Irena Eris, Emoi Fashion SS20,... Beside modeling, Strabel is also one of the models on Project Runway Poland 2015 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Poland#Season_2_(2015)) . [45] (#cite_note-45) Mateusz Jarzębiak signed with D'Vision Model Management, Respect Models in Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) and Auraa Talents in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) . He has taken a couple of test shots [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) and appeared on magazine editorials for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) India October 2018, Fashion PL Summer 2022,... He has walked in fashion shows of Vistula PL, Mimika Studio, Pawo PL,... and modeled for Wojas, [49] (#cite_note-49) Dawid Koczy, [50] (#cite_note-50) Aztorin Watches, Apart Jewellery, Flawless PL, Ozonee PL, Semilac PL, Tom & Rose, Vizard Men's Fashion, Vagad’s India, Bombay Shirt Company India, Hoff Jeans India, Seca Odzież Motocyklowa, Wall's (/wiki/Wall%27s_(ice_cream)) Turkey, [51] (#cite_note-51) Costa Coffee (/wiki/Costa_Coffee) , Suzuki (/wiki/Suzuki) ,... Beside modeling, Jarzębiak has competed on Mister Polski (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mister_Polski) 2017 [52] (#cite_note-52) and appeared in several music videos such as "Ona wyjątkowa" by Non Stop, [53] (#cite_note-53) "Milion słów" by Jula (/wiki/Jula_(singer)) , "Mogę być tylko Twoja" by Nastja Ołdak, [54] (#cite_note-54) "Tańcz Moja Mała" by Claris & Sequence, [55] (#cite_note-55) "Najpiękniejsza z Dam" by Łukasz Waluś [56] (#cite_note-56) ,... He retired from modeling in 2020. Marta Sędzicka signed with D'Vision Model Management. She has taken a couple of test shots and appeared on magazine cover and editorials for Be PL February 2015, [57] (#cite_note-57) Superior Germany March 2015, Mustache Paper #4 May 2015, Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) June 2015, [58] (#cite_note-58) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Portugal July 2015, Playboy (/wiki/Playboy) August 2015, Modo Magazine December 2015, Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) October 2016, Moda-Ślub #2 Spring 2019,... She has modeled for Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) , [59] (#cite_note-59) G Look SS16, [60] (#cite_note-60) Jaga Hupało, Tomaotomo, Just Unique Atelier, Mimka PL FW17, Prima Moda Shoes, T-Mobile (/wiki/T-Mobile_US) PL,... and walked in fashion shows of Maciej Zien (/wiki/Maciej_Zien) , Ewa Minge (/wiki/Ewa_Minge) , Bohoboco, Tomaotomo, MMC Studio Design, Łukasz Jemiol, The Cadess, La Mania SS15, [61] (#cite_note-61) Michał Szulc, Maciek Sieradzky, Paprocki Brzozowski, Jaga Hupało, Jacob Birge Vision, Gavel SS16, Waleria Tokarzewska FW16.17, Ptaszek Atelier, Milita Nikonorov Summer 2017, Jarosław Ewert FW17, Chantal Thomass, Susan Sport, Samochód Roku Playboya,... Beside modeling, Sędzicka is also the winning model of Project Runway Poland 2015 (/wiki/Project_Runway_Poland#Season_2_(2015)) . Michał Baryza signed with Specto Models and Major Model Management in Milan (/wiki/Milan) & New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . He has taken a couple of test shots [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) and modeled for Project Mess PL, Giacomo Conti SS15, Łukasz Jemiol, King Size PL SS17, T-Mobile (/wiki/T-Mobile_US) PL, Black Energy Drink,... He has appeared on magazine cover and editorials for CKM (/wiki/CKM_(magazine)) December 2014, [64] (#cite_note-64) Chasseur March 2015, [65] (#cite_note-65) Elegant #11 April 2015, [66] (#cite_note-66) [67] (#cite_note-67) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Man April 2015, Le Mile Germany April 2015, [68] (#cite_note-68) Gentleman #5 May 2015, [69] (#cite_note-69) Kaltblut Germany May 2015, [70] (#cite_note-70) Joy (/wiki/Joy_(magazine)) July 2015, Eks PL #28 July–August 2015, [71] (#cite_note-71) [72] (#cite_note-72) K Mag September 2015, Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) October 2015, Make-Up Trendy October 2016, Hiro February 2017, Fashion PL #2 May 2018, Volant Germany #11 October 2018, Noisy Rain Mexico #68 March–April 2022,... and walked in fashion shows of Triumph (/wiki/Triumph_International) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , 4F (/wiki/4F_(company)) , Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) , Dawid Wolinski (/wiki/Dawid_Wolinski) , Tru Trussardi (/wiki/Trussardi) , Próchnik PL, Vistula PL, Gomez PL, MMC Studio Design, Łukasz Werra Couture, [73] (#cite_note-73) Łukasz Jemiol FW15, [74] (#cite_note-74) Paprocki Brzozowski, Rage Age, Mariusz Przybylski, Gavel SS16, Maciek Sieradzky, Paul & Shark FW17.18, [75] (#cite_note-75) Daks London, Van Graaf, S'portofino,... Beside modeling, Baryza has competed as a contestant on several shows such as Lip Sync Battle. Ustawka (/wiki/Lip_Sync_Battle._Ustawka) , Ninja Warrior Polska (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninja_Warrior_Polska) , One Night Squad [76] (#cite_note-76) ,... Osi Ugonoh has collected her prizes, though she didn't signed with Next Management (/wiki/Next_Management) but with D'Vision Model Management, Chili Models, [77] (#cite_note-77) Fashion Cult Models in Athens (/wiki/Athens) , 4Play Model Management in Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) and D&A Model Management in Cape Town (/wiki/Cape_Town) . She has modeled for Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) , Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) , Levi's (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) , Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , Zalando (/wiki/Zalando) , T.K. Maxx (/wiki/T.K._Maxx) , Pantene (/wiki/Pantene) , Chaos by Marta Boliglova, [78] (#cite_note-78) Mohito PL SS15, [79] (#cite_note-79) Apart Jewellery Summer 2015, [80] (#cite_note-80) MMC Studio Design, Bartek Janusz, [81] (#cite_note-81) Jaga Hupało, Marry Me PL, [82] (#cite_note-82) Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) SS16, [83] (#cite_note-83) Project Mess PL, Me Gusta PL, DK by Dorota Kuźnicka, Karolina Seeger, NC Nails Company, Valentino Voce Viva, Zaquad, Kontigo,... and walked in fashion shows of Triumph (/wiki/Triumph_International) , Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) , Guess (/wiki/Guess_(company)) , Maciej Zien (/wiki/Maciej_Zien) , Gavin Rajah (/wiki/Gavin_Rajah) , [84] (#cite_note-84) Hector & Karger, Łukasz Jemiol SS15, La Mania SS15, Teresa Kopias, Bohoboco FW15.16, Joanna Klimas FW15, Bizuu Fashion, Mariusz Przybylski, Ezuri PL, Ptak Fashion City, MMC Studio Design FW16, Patryk Wojciechowski, Pinko Boutique SS18, Niumi PL FW18, Bebe Clothing, Ania Wendzikowska, DK by Dorota Kuźnicka SS23,... Ugonoh has appeared on magazine cover and editorials for Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , Miasto Kobiet (/wiki/Miasto_Kobiet) , [85] (#cite_note-85) Hiro #46 December 2014, [86] (#cite_note-86) Avanteen #1 March 2015, [87] (#cite_note-87) Kurier Fryzjerzy #3 May 2015, [88] (#cite_note-88) Flesz Trendy #1 April 2015, [89] (#cite_note-89) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Man April 2015, InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) June 2015, [90] (#cite_note-90) Imperium Kobiet #17 July 2015, [91] (#cite_note-91) Viva January 2016, Wysokie Obcasy #12 March 2016, [92] (#cite_note-92) [93] (#cite_note-93) Avanti July 2016, Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) May 2017, Jet Club South Africa August 2017, Wesele #48 Winter 2017-Spring 2018, [94] (#cite_note-94) Elléments US February 2018, Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) March 2018, L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) March 2018, Paznokcie #90 January 2019, Fashion PL Spring 2019, Imirage Canada January 2020, Unghie e Belleza September 2020, Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) October 2021, Gmaro France April 2023,... Beside modeling, she has appeared in music video "Kobiety są siłą" by Angelika Anozie and competed as a contestant on Hell’s Kitchen 2022 (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell%E2%80%99s_Kitchen._Piekielna_kuchnia) . [95] (#cite_note-95) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Top Model. Become a model 4: We know the participants in the next edition of the show" (http://www.se.pl/rozrywka/plotki/top-model-zostan-modelka-4-znamy-uczestnikow-kolejnej-edycji-show_409814.html) . MURATOR SA. August 31, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Jurors at a meeting with journalists" (http://topmodel.tvn.pl/foto,2101,g/jurorzy-na-spotkaniu-z-dziennikarzami,40355.html) . TVN SA. August 31, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Top Model. The fourth edition of the show will include guys" (http://www.se.pl/rozrywka/plotki/top-model-w-czwartej-edycji-wystapia-faceci-ale-rewolucja_406316.html) . MURATOR SA. August 31, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Casting move to the fourth edition of "Top Model" (http://topmodel.tvn.pl/aktualnosci,2099,n/ruszaja-castingi-do-czwartej-edycji-top-model,125002.html) " (http://topmodel.tvn.pl/aktualnosci,2099,n/ruszaja-castingi-do-czwartej-edycji-top-model,125002.html) . TVN SA. June 3, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashionably Male presents "Affecting Eternity 2" by Wojciech Jachyra" (https://fashionablymale.net/2015/02/27/fashionably-male-presents-affecting-eternity-2-by-wojciech-jachyra/) . 27 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "PIMFW 2017: Feby Haniv" (https://manual.co.id/article/pimfw-2017-feby-haniv/) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "EIF KAMPANIA WIOSNA/LATO 2016" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykiHoosgdY8) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Adam Boguta at D'Vision by Paula Patocka" (https://www.malemodelscene.net/fresh-faces/adam-boguta-dvision-paula-patocka/) . 12 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Warsaw Streets - so it's not nice / 2018" (https://vimeo.com/285872680) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Adam Boguta at D'Vision by Piotr Serafin" (https://www.malemodelscene.net/fresh-faces/adam-boguta-dvision-piotr-serafin/) . 15 December 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Mateusz Maga dopiero co wyleciał do Paryża, a już odniósł sukces na francuskim Tygodniu Mody! Docenił go "Vogue"!" (https://jastrzabpost.pl/newsy/mateusz-maga-w-vogue-paris-francuski-vogue-o-madze-zdjecia_468375.html) . 22 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Mateusz Maga at D'Vision Models by Oktawian Gornik" (https://www.malemodelscene.net/fresh-faces/mateusz-maga-dvision-models-oktawian-gornik/) . December 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Półnagi Mateusz z Top Model w erotycznej sesji z kobietą!" (https://www.fakt.pl/kobieta/moda-i-uroda/mateusz-maga-w-sesji-z-kobieta/7xb8fe2) . 17 December 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Mateusz Maga in Map Of Mind by Marta Kaczmarek" (https://www.malemodelscene.net/editorial/mateusz-maga-in-map-of-mind-by-marta-kaczmarek/) . 17 March 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "WOW! Mateusz Maga w światowej kampanii najpotężniejszego rywala H&M! Walczy o prawa gejów i lesbijek!" (https://jastrzabpost.pl/newsy/mateusz-maga-w-kampanii-topshop-pride-czy-jest-gejem-zdjecia_665755.html) . 27 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Mateusz Maga w nowej sesji Secret Lashes" (https://dlalejdis.pl/galeria_zdjec/mateusz_maga_w_nowej_sesji_secret_lashes) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Mateusz Maga for Fashion Magazine by Dawid Klepadlo" (https://www.designscene.net/2015/04/mateusz-maga-fashion-dawid-klepadlo.html) . 2 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Mateusz Maga na okładce zagranicznego magazynu! W sesji wystąpił w kilku sukienkach [ZDJĘCIA]" (https://jastrzabpost.pl/moda/mateusz-maga-na-okladce-zagranicznego-magazynu-w-sesji-wystapil-w-kilku-sukienkach-zdjecia_135052.html) . 16 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "FE / MALE" (https://www.kaltblut-magazine.com/fe-male/) . 23 April 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Mateusz Maga na wybiegu w Mediolanie" (https://www.glamour.pl/artykul/mateusz-maga-na-wybiegu-w-mediolanie#mateusz-maga-w-mediolanie-grinko-rs16-9318) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Delikatna sesja Miszy Czumaczenko!" (https://tvn.pl/aktualnosci/delikatna-sesja-miszy-czumaczenko-ls5892289) . 16 January 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Nokturnia - www.facebook.com/Totoro.Adamiec" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWg8Trqhnb8) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "O CZYM PISZEMY W LISTOPADOWYM CKM?" (https://www.muzo.fm/news/2015-10-15/o-czym-piszemy-w-listopadowym-ckm,1473589/) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Magazyn wesele 4 40 2016" (https://issuu.com/magazyn.wesele/docs/magazyn_wesele_4_40_2016) . 25 January 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Magazyn Wesele 2 (50) 2018" (https://issuu.com/magazyn.wesele/docs/wesele_magazyn_nr_2-50-2018_light) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Misza Czumaczenko - z polskiego "Top Model" do chorwackiego "Playboy'a" (https://plejada.pl/programy/misza-czumaczenko-z-polskiego-top-model-do-chorwackiego-playboya/f66ts2v) " (https://plejada.pl/programy/misza-czumaczenko-z-polskiego-top-model-do-chorwackiego-playboya/f66ts2v) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Fur de Fleur" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160620150633/https://fashionworldmagazine.com/fur-de-fleur/) . Archived from the original (https://fashionworldmagazine.com/fur-de-fleur/) on 2016-06-20. ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Interview: Model Misha Czumaczenko (Poland)" (https://www.modellenlandmagazine.com/interview-model-misha-czumaczenko-pola) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Princess of the World" (https://www.pcbilliger.de/princess-of-the-world/) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Kartky x Emes Milligan - C2C (prod. Tasty Beatz)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ASIboVKuaA) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Snowid-Strzygi (Official Video)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vmbXnnOWdc) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Ewelina Pachucka z TOP MODEL robi furorę ZOBACZCIE ZDJĘCIA Modelka pochodzi z Jastrzębia-Zdroju" (https://dziennikzachodni.pl/ewelina-pachucka-z-top-model-robi-furore-zobaczcie-zdjecia-modelka-pochodzi-z-jastrzebiazdroju/ar/3774375) . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Ewelina z Top Model nie próżnuje. Pojawiła się w bardzo zmysłowej sesji" (https://party.pl/newsy/ewelina-pachucka-z-top-model-sesja-eweliny-pachuckiej-z-top-model-co-sie-dzieje-z-ewelina-pachucka-11365-r3/) . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Seksowna sesja Oli Żuraw!" (https://tvn.pl/programy/top-model/seksowna-sesja-oli-zuraw-ls5892664) . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Nowa kampania Gosi Strojek w bajkowej Tunezji z udziałem Top Model" (https://wblyskufleszy.pl/nowa-kampania-gosi-strojek-w-bajkowej-tunezji-z-udzialem-top-model/) . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Michalina Strabel kusi w samej bieliźnie!" (https://tvn.pl/aktualnosci/michalina-strabel-kusi-w-samej-bieliznie-ls5892553) . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Letnia sesja Michaliny Strabel!" (https://tvn.pl/programy/top-model/letnia-sesja-michaliny-strabel-ls5892471) . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Michalina Strabel w fantazyjnych makijażach!" (https://tvn.pl/programy/top-model/michalina-strabel-w-fantazyjnych-makijazach-ls5892534) . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Michalina Strabel z Top Model w "Haya Magazine" (https://fashionpost.pl/michalina-strabel-w-haya-magazine) " (https://fashionpost.pl/michalina-strabel-w-haya-magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Michalina Strabel dla ELLE France w obiektywie Marcina Tyszki!" (https://www.elle.pl/artykul/michalina-strabel-dla-elle-france-w-obiektywie-marcina-tyszk) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Michalina Strabel odnosi sukcesy w Dubaju (FOTO)" (https://www.zeberka.pl/moda/michalina-strabel-odnosi-sukcesy-w-dubaju-foto/) . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Michalina Strabel odniosła sukces, o których zwyciężczynie "Top Model" mogą tylko pomarzyć…" (https://jastrzabpost.pl/newsy/michalina-strabel-odniosla-sukces-o-ktorych-zwyciezczynie-top-model-moga-tylko-pomarzyc_106297.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Tuba 11" (https://issuu.com/krakowskie_szkoly_artystyczne/docs/tuba_2016_net) . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Michalina Strabel nago w obiektywie Aldony Kaczmarczyk" (https://www.glamour.pl/artykul/michalina-strabel-nago-w-obiektywie-aldony-kaczmarczyk) . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Uczestniczki Top Model pojawią się w Project Runway (FOTO)" (https://www.zeberka.pl/moda/uczestniczki-top-model-pojawia-sie-w-project-runway-foto/) . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Zdjęcia testowe Mateusza Jarzębiaka Górala (FOTO)" (https://www.zeberka.pl/moda/zdjecia-testowe-mateusza-jarzebiaka-gorala-foto/) . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Elegancka sesja testowa Mateusza Jarzębiaka!" (https://tvn.pl/programy/top-model/elegancka-sesja-testowa-mateusza-jarzebiaka-ls5892260) . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Góral w romantycznej sesji!" (https://tvn.pl/programy/top-model/goral-w-romantycznej-sesji-ls5892382) . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Mateusz Jarzębiak z Top Model został twarzą kampanii Wojas" (https://www.zeberka.pl/moda/mateusz-jarzebiak-z-top-model-zostal-twarza-kampanii-wojas/) . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "KACZYŃSKA I JARZĘBIAK Z "TOP MODEL" W ODWAŻNEJ SESJI" (https://styl.interia.pl/trendy/zdjecie,iId,1765655,iAId,155344) . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Yeni Nogger Waffle" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAQ_n2VvCaI) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Mister Polski 2017: półfinaliści bez koszulek. Wybierz najlepszą klatę konkursu! (SONDA)" (https://plejada.pl/zdjecia-gwiazd/mister-polski-2017-polfinalisci-bez-koszulki-zobacz-ich-gole-klaty/zelz89s#slajd-31) . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Góral z "Top Model" zagrał w klipie nowego zespołu Non Stop z Radomia" (https://echodnia.eu/radomskie/goral-z-top-model-zagral-w-klipie-nowego-zespolu-non-stop-z-radomia/ar/9213279) . ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Nastja - Mogę być tylko Twoja (Official Video)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQsbvrowj4k) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-55) "CLARIS & SEQUENCE - Tańcz Moja Mała (gość specjalny Mateusz Góral Jarzębiak) (Oficjalny teledysk)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlCjm2X5bIo) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Waluś - Najpiękniejsza z Dam (Official Video) Disco Polo 2020" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V02imxcZGgE) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-57) "Marta Sędzicka w sesji... z jedzeniem!" (https://tvn.pl/programy/top-model/marta-sedzicka-w-sesji-z-jedzeniem-ls5892453) . ^ (#cite_ref-58) "Sesja zwycięzcy Project Runway 2 w ELLE" (https://www.elle.pl/artykul/sesja-zwyciezcy-project-runway-2-w-elle#sesja-zwyciezcy-project-runway-2-w-elle-fot-artur-wesolowski-1) . ^ (#cite_ref-59) "reebok" (https://cargocollective.com/jakubplesniarski/reebok) . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "Dwie gwiazdy Top Model twarzami polskiej marki. Paulina Papierska i Marta Sędzicka promują trendy na wiosnę" (https://jastrzabpost.pl/look/exclusive-look/paulina-papierska-i-marta-sedzicka-dla-g-look-zdjecia_256380.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-61) "La Mania wiosna-lato 2015" (https://feszyn.com/la-mania-wiosna-lato-2015/) . ^ (#cite_ref-62) "INTRODUCING MICHAL BARYZA BY KAJA KITLINSKI" (https://www.thefashionisto.com/introducing-michal-baryza-by-kaja-kitlinski/) . ^ (#cite_ref-63) "Michal Baryza at Specto Models by Witold Lewis" (https://www.malemodelscene.net/fresh-faces/michal-baryza-at-specto-models-by-witold-lewis/) . ^ (#cite_ref-64) "Michał Baryza: Top Moda CKM" (https://www.ckm.pl/lifestyle/michal-baryza-top-moda-ckm,13650,1,a.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-65) "CHASSEUR WEBDITORIAL : MICHAL BARYZA BY PIOTR SERAFIN" (https://chasseurmagazine.com/chasseur-webditorial-michal-baryza-by-piotr-serafin/) . ^ (#cite_ref-66) "Michał Baryza pochwalił się imponującym penisem" (https://www.zeberka.pl/moda/michal-baryza-pochwalil-sie-imponujacym-penisem/) . ^ (#cite_ref-67) " (https://fashionablymale.net/2015/05/05/portrait-of-a-mystery-by-wojciech-jachyra-photography/) "Portrait Of A Mystery" by Wojciech Jachyra Photography" (https://fashionablymale.net/2015/05/05/portrait-of-a-mystery-by-wojciech-jachyra-photography/) . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "Michal Baryza for Le Mile by Krzysztof Wyzynski" (https://www.malemodelscene.net/editorial/michal-baryza-le-mile-krzysztof-wyzynski/) . ^ (#cite_ref-69) "Michal Baryza for Gentleman Magazine by Edyta Bartkiewicz" (https://www.malemodelscene.net/editorial/michal-baryza-gentleman-edyta-bartkiewicz/) . ^ (#cite_ref-70) "Dyed the color of imagination" (https://www.kaltblut-magazine.com/dyed-the-color-of-imagination/) . ^ (#cite_ref-71) "Michał Baryza: Przede mną dużo pracy" (https://www.eksmagazyn.pl/wazny-temat/ekscytujacy-bohater/michal-baryza-przede-mna-duzo-pracy/) . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "Michał Baryza by Wojciech Jachyra for EksMagazyn" (https://fashionablymale.net/2015/07/11/michal-baryza-by-wojciech-jachyra-for-eksmagazyn/) . ^ (#cite_ref-73) "Debiutujący projektanci i gwiazdy telewizji w sopockim klubie" (https://deluxe.trojmiasto.pl/Debiutujacy-projektanci-i-gwiazdy-telewizji-w-sopockim-klubie-n92406.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-74) "Jemioł Basic - nowa kolekcja "FORCES" na Fashion Week Poland. Na wybiegu pacyfistyczne sztandary, piękne płaszcze i... Michał Baryza z "Top Model" (https://kobieta.gazeta.pl/follow/7,153346,17775191,jemiol-basic-nowa-kolekcja-forces-na-fashion-week-poland.html) " (https://kobieta.gazeta.pl/follow/7,153346,17775191,jemiol-basic-nowa-kolekcja-forces-na-fashion-week-poland.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-75) "TRENDY JESIEŃ ZIMA 2017/2018 - POKAZY MODY W STARYM BROWARZE - BUTY APIA AW17/18" (https://www.apia.pl/blog/trendy-jesien-zima-2017-2018-pokazy-mody-w-starym-browarze-buty-apia-AW-17-18) . ^ (#cite_ref-76) "Nowy reality-show "One night squad" od 28 maja w Player.pl, emisja również w TVN7 (wideo)" (https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/one-night-squad-uczestnicy-opinie-gdzie-ogladac-tvn7-player-pl) . ^ (#cite_ref-77) "Osi Chili Models Model test" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSETOUDbWI8) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-78) "Osi Ugonoh już zarabia!" (https://www.pomponik.pl/plotki/news-osi-ugonoh-juz-zarabia,nId,1564552) . ^ (#cite_ref-79) "Osi Ugonoh dla Mohito - Trendy sezonu - Top Model: Zostań modelką" (https://polki.pl/moda-i-uroda/trendy-sezonu,osi-ugonoh-dla-mohito-trendy-sezonu-top-model-zostan-modelka,10018225,galeria.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-80) "Osi Ugonoh – sesja lato 2015" (https://apart669.rssing.com/chan-53770350/all_p1.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-81) "Osi Ugonoh i Andre Whyte razem w kampanii Bartka Janusza - zobacz zachwycającą sesję" (https://avanti24.pl/Avanti/7,149702,19465618,osi-ugonoh-i-andre-whyte-razem-w-kampanii-bartka-janusza-zobacz.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-82) "Patryk Wojciechowski x Marry Me - House of Brides" (https://www.elle.pl/slub/artykul/patryk-wojciechowski-x-marry-me-house-of-brides) . ^ (#cite_ref-83) "Gwiazdy Top Model na ringu x prezentacja kolekcji wiosna-lato 2016 marki Puma" (https://www.glamour.pl/artykul/gwiazdy-top-model-na-prezentacji-kolekcji-wiosna-lato-2016-marki-puma#puma-69) . ^ (#cite_ref-84) "Gavin Rajah, Joanna Headley & Lara Klawikowski @ Mercedes Benz Fashion Week Cape Town 2017; Day 1" (https://www.fashionghana.com/site/gavin-rajah-joanna-headley-day-1/) . ^ (#cite_ref-85) "Osi Ugonoh: Piękno nie dba o kolor" (https://www.miastokobiet.pl/top-model-osi-ugonoh/) . ^ (#cite_ref-86) "Kontrowersyjna i agresywna pierwsza duża okładka Osi Ugonoh. Zupełnie inna niż Glamour" (https://party.pl/newsy/osi-ugonoh-na-okladce-hiro-okladka-z-osi-z-top-model-glamour-styczen-2015-z-osi-ugonoh-11295-r3/) . ^ (#cite_ref-87) "Osi Ugonoh idzie jak burza! Gwiazda "Top Model" w trzech nowych sesjach" (https://kobieta.gazeta.pl/follow/7,153346,17673630,osi-ugonoh-idzie-jak-burza-gwiazda-top-model-w-trzech-nowych.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-88) "Kf 3 15 online" (https://issuu.com/kurier-fryzjerski/docs/kf_3_15_online) . ^ (#cite_ref-89) "Wybielili Osi z "Top Model"! Po co?" (https://www.fakt.pl/kobieta/moda-i-uroda/osi-ugonoh-na-okladce-flesz-trendy/9xzzfzf) . ^ (#cite_ref-90) "Czerwcowy numer "InStyle" już w sprzedaży" (https://www.rynekprasowy.pl/czerwcowy-numer-instyle-juz-w-sprzedazy/) . ^ (#cite_ref-91) "Kaja Kitlinski for Imperium Kobiet Magazine" (https://www.designscene.net/2015/07/kaja-kitlinski-mperium-kobiet.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-92) "Trendy wiosna/lato 2016: moda bez granic" (https://www.wysokieobcasy.pl/wysokie-obcasy/7,100961,19779109,trendy-wiosna-lato-2016-moda-bez-granic.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-93) "Osi Ugonoh: "Pisali, że jestem brzydka, albo obrażali mnie za kolor skóry" (https://www.wysokieobcasy.pl/wysokie-obcasy/7,53662,19770820,osi-ugonoh-pisali-ze-jestem-brzydka-albo-obrazali-mnie-za.html) " (https://www.wysokieobcasy.pl/wysokie-obcasy/7,53662,19770820,osi-ugonoh-pisali-ze-jestem-brzydka-albo-obrazali-mnie-za.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-94) "MAGAZYN WESELE 4 (48) 2017/2018" (https://issuu.com/magazyn.wesele/docs/wesele_4_48_2017_2018) . ^ (#cite_ref-95) "Julia Oleś i Osi Ugonoh o udziale w programie "Hell's Kitchen. Piekielna kuchnia". "Widzowie dostaną krew, pot i łzy od wszystkich uczestników!" (https://kobieta.interia.pl/raport-hells-kitchen/news-julia-oles-i-osi-ugonoh-o-udziale-w-programie-hells-kitchen-,nId,6255433) " (https://kobieta.interia.pl/raport-hells-kitchen/news-julia-oles-i-osi-ugonoh-o-udziale-w-programie-hells-kitchen-,nId,6255433) . v t e Top Model (Polish TV series) (/wiki/Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)) Cycles 1 (/wiki/Top_Model._Zosta%C5%84_modelk%C4%85_(cycle_1)) 2 (/wiki/Top_Model._Zosta%C5%84_modelk%C4%85_(cycle_2)) 3 (/wiki/Top_Model._Zosta%C5%84_modelk%C4%85_(cycle_3)) 4 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_cycle_4)) 5 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_cycle_5)) 6 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_cycle_6)) 7 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_cycle_7)) 8 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_cycle_8)) 9 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_cycle_9)) 10 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Polish_season_10)) 11 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Poland_season_11)) 12 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Polish_season_12)) Winners Paulina Papierska Olga Kaczyńska Zuza Kołodziejczyk Osi Ugonoh Radek Pestka Patryk Grudowicz Kasia Szklarczyk Dawid Woskanian Mikołaj Śmieszek Dominika Wysocka Mikołaj Śmieszek D v t e Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model) National franchises United States (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) (original) Albania Australia (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Austria (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel) Belgium ( Topmodel (/wiki/Topmodel_(Belgian_TV_series)) , Belgium's Next Top Model (/wiki/Belgium%27s_Next_Top_Model) ) Brazil (/wiki/Brazil%27s_Next_Top_Model) Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Canada (/wiki/Canada%27s_Next_Top_Model) China (/wiki/China%27s_Next_Top_Model) Colombia (/wiki/Colombia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Croatia (/wiki/Hrvatski_Top_Model) Denmark (/wiki/Danmarks_N%C3%A6ste_Topmodel) Estonia (/wiki/Eesti_tippmodell) Finland (/wiki/Suomen_huippumalli_haussa) France (/wiki/Top_Model_(French_TV_series)) Georgia (/wiki/TOP_gogo) Germany (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel) Greece (/wiki/Greece%27s_Next_Top_Model) Hungary (/wiki/Topmodell_(Hungarian_TV_series)) India ( India's Next Top Model (/wiki/India%27s_Next_Top_Model) , Top Model India (/wiki/Top_Model_India) ) Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Israel (/wiki/HaDugmaniot) Italy (/wiki/Italia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Kazakhstan (/wiki/Ya_krasivaya) Malta Mexico (/wiki/Mexico%27s_Next_Top_Model) Mongolia (/wiki/Mongolia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Netherlands (/wiki/Holland%27s_Next_Top_Model) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand%27s_Next_Top_Model) Norway (/wiki/Top_Model_Norge) Peru (/wiki/Peru%27s_Next_Top_Model) Philippines (/wiki/Philippines%27_Next_Top_Model) Poland (/wiki/Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)) Romania (/wiki/Next_Top_Model_(Romanian_TV_series)) Russia ( You are a supermodel (/wiki/You_are_a_supermodel) , Top Model po-russki (/wiki/Top_Model_po-russki) , You are a Top Model (/wiki/You_are_a_Top_Model) ) Serbia (/wiki/Srpski_Top_Model) Slovakia Slovenia (/wiki/Slovenski_Top_Model) South Korea (/wiki/Korea%27s_Next_Top_Model) Sweden (/wiki/Top_Model_Sverige) Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland%27s_Next_Topmodel) Taiwan (/wiki/Taiwan_Supermodel_No._1) Thailand (/wiki/Thailand%27s_Next_Top_Model) Turkey (/wiki/Top_Model_T%C3%BCrkiye) Ukraine (/wiki/Top_Model_po-ukrainsky) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model) Multinational franchises Africa (/wiki/Africa%27s_Next_Top_Model) Asia (/wiki/Asia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Benelux (/wiki/Benelux%27_Next_Top_Model) Caribbean (/wiki/Caribbean%27s_Next_Top_Model) Scandinavia ( Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model_(Scandinavian_TV_series)) , Top Model Curves (/wiki/Top_Model_Curves) ) United Kingdom & Ireland (/wiki/Britain%27s_Next_Top_Model) Italics indicate inactive or cancelled franchise NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐txnxf Cached time: 20240712183803 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.931 seconds Real time usage: 1.084 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6569/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 210883/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 16730/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 358409/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.582/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10055657/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 938.439 1 -total 46.96% 440.717 1 Template:Reflist 41.29% 387.467 95 Template:Cite_web 17.73% 166.402 1 Template:Infobox_television_season 16.66% 156.386 4 Template:Ambox 12.68% 119.015 1 Template:Multiple_issues 9.79% 91.885 1 Template:Infobox 8.75% 82.106 23 Template:Main_other 8.58% 80.482 1 Template:Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series) 8.57% 80.437 2 Template:Navbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43707154-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712183803 and revision id 1223039985. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)_season_4&oldid=1223039985 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)_season_4&oldid=1223039985) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Top Model (Polish TV series) (/wiki/Category:Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)) 2014 Polish television seasons (/wiki/Category:2014_Polish_television_seasons) Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from June 2016 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_excessively_detailed_from_June_2016) All articles that are excessively detailed (/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_excessively_detailed) Wikipedia articles with style issues from June 2016 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_June_2016) All articles with style issues (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_style_issues) Articles needing additional references from April 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2016) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Articles with multiple maintenance issues (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Television articles using incorrect infobox (/wiki/Category:Television_articles_using_incorrect_infobox)
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Folk museum, Local museum in Black Forest, Germany Black Forest Costume Museum The Black Forest Costume Museum inside of the former Capuchin abbey Established 1980 Location Haslach im Kinzigtal (/wiki/Haslach_im_Kinzigtal) , Black Forest (/wiki/Black_Forest) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) Type Folk museum (/wiki/Folk_museum) , Local museum (/wiki/Local_museum) Website https://www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info/attraktionen/schwarzwaelder-trachtenmuseum-haslach-494b1a2f4d (https://www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info/attraktionen/schwarzwaelder-trachtenmuseum-haslach-494b1a2f4d) Capuchin Abbey, Haslach, the site of the museum The Black Forest Costume Museum ( German (/wiki/German_language) : Schwarzwälder Trachtenmuseum ) is a museum (/wiki/Museum) in the convent (/wiki/Convent) building of the former Capuchin (/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin) abbey in Haslach im Kinzigtal (/wiki/Haslach_im_Kinzigtal) in the Baden-Württemberg (/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg) county of Ortenaukreis (/wiki/Ortenaukreis) in south Germany (/wiki/Germany) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The museum was opened in 1980 in the renovated buildings of the abbey (/wiki/Abbey) . It portrays the history and development of traditional folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) in the Black Forest (/wiki/Black_Forest) and its surrounding regions. [2] (#cite_note-2) Exhibits [ edit ] The museum houses some of the most important original costumes from the following regions: Central Black Forest (/wiki/Central_Black_Forest) Southern Black Forest (/wiki/Southern_Black_Forest) Northern Black Forest (/wiki/Northern_Black_Forest) (Foothills on the Upper Rhine Plain (/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Plain) ) Black Forest perimeter Ried Breisgau (/wiki/Breisgau) Markgräflerland (/wiki/Markgr%C3%A4flerland) Over 100 life-size figures are displayed with many charming details for special occasions and from everyday. [3] (#cite_note-3) Influenced by the respective zeitgeist and fashion trends, by prosperity, poverty and denominational (/wiki/Religious_denomination) ties, the individual costumes of the Black Forest in the 18th century all have their own twist. [4] (#cite_note-4) Themes [ edit ] Bonnets and hats, e. g. the Bollenhut (/wiki/Bollenhut) Bridal crowns (/wiki/Bridal_crown) ( Schäppel ) Civic dress Work clothing The Old Capuchin abbey [ edit ] The old Capuchin (/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin) monastery (built 1630–32), which houses this collection of costumes, is the only completely preserved baroque (/wiki/Baroque) monastery of the Capuchin order in all of southern Germany. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Schwarzwälder Trachtenmuseum in Haslach" (https://www.schwarzwald.com/sehenswertes/trachtenmuseum.html) . www.schwarzwald.com . Retrieved 2020-11-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Schwarzwälder Trachtenmuseum in Haslach" (https://www.zum.de/Faecher/G/BW/Landeskunde/rhein/volkskunde/trachten/haslachfr.htm) . www.zum.de . Retrieved 2020-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Schwarzwälder Trachtenmuseum in Haslach" (https://www.zum.de/Faecher/G/BW/Landeskunde/rhein/volkskunde/trachten/haslachfr.htm) . www.zum.de . Retrieved 2020-11-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Haslach im Kinzigtal: Trachtenmuseum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210305094448/https://www.haslach.de/startseite/tourismus/trachtenmuseum.html#id52784) . www.haslach.de . Archived from the original (https://www.haslach.de/startseite/tourismus/trachtenmuseum.html#id52784) on 2021-03-05 . Retrieved 2020-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Haslach im Kinzigtal: Trachtenmuseum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210305094448/https://www.haslach.de/startseite/tourismus/trachtenmuseum.html#id52784) . www.haslach.de . Archived from the original (https://www.haslach.de/startseite/tourismus/trachtenmuseum.html#id52784) on 2021-03-05 . Retrieved 2020-11-28 . External links [ edit ] Black Forest Costume Museum (http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20141128215755/http%3A//www.trachtenmuseum%2Dhaslach.de.vu/) Coordinates [ edit ] WikiMiniAtlas 48°16′33.91″N 8°5′6.90″E / 48.2760861°N 8.0852500°E / 48.2760861; 8.0852500 Photo gallery [ edit ] The Old Capuchin (/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin) abbey from the outside I The Old Capuchin (/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin) abbey from the outside II The Old capuchin abbey Church of the former Capuchin abbey Hansjakob statue Hansjakob statue "Three Maidens from the Black Forest" Villinger (/wiki/Villingen-Schwenningen) Tracht (1892) Schwarzwälder Tracht worn by people from Furtwangen Schwarzwälder Tracht Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : People ISIL (https://w3id.org/isil/DE-MUS-203214) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐944cb8c54‐7dgzl Cached time: 20240711002632 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.688 seconds Real time usage: 0.957 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1001/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17372/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1460/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35818/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.541/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19586390/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 911.799 1 -total 24.27% 221.291 1 Template:Infobox_museum 20.87% 190.296 1 Template:Reflist 20.17% 183.941 1 Template:Authority_control 18.43% 168.072 5 Template:Cite_web 17.54% 159.902 1 Template:Lang-de 14.85% 135.398 5 Template:Main_other 10.39% 94.709 1 Template:Infobox 3.91% 35.630 2 Template:Pagetype 2.85% 26.005 1 Template:Has_short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46582384-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711002632 and revision id 1198254802. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Forest_Costume_Museum&oldid=1198254802 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Forest_Costume_Museum&oldid=1198254802) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Folk costumes (/wiki/Category:Folk_costumes) Museums in Baden-Württemberg (/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg) Tourist attractions in Baden-Württemberg (/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg) Buildings and structures in Ortenaukreis (/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Ortenaukreis) Folk museums in Germany (/wiki/Category:Folk_museums_in_Germany) Black Forest (/wiki/Category:Black_Forest) Costume museums (/wiki/Category:Costume_museums) Culture of Baden-Württemberg (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg) Museums established in 1980 (/wiki/Category:Museums_established_in_1980) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata) Articles containing German-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text) Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas) Articles with ISIL identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISIL_identifiers) Pages using the Kartographer extension (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension)
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Fashion retailer A 5-7-9 storefront in 2010. 5-7-9 is a low to mid-end fashion retailer, commonly found in malls throughout the continental United States (/wiki/United_States) and Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) , and formerly Hawaii (/wiki/Hawaii) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It is a sister company to Rainbow Shops (/wiki/Rainbow_Shops) . The chain offers mid to low-priced fashions for young teens and young women between 13 and 22 years of age. The store's name refers to the junior miss clothing sizes (/wiki/Clothing_sizes) in which the store specializes. History [ edit ] In 1970 (54 years ago) ( 1970 ) , Edison Brothers Stores (/wiki/Edison_Brothers_Stores) purchased the 5-7-9 chain, making it one of numerous clothing and shoe chains the company expanded nationwide. [2] (#cite_note-history-2) In May 1999 (25 years ago) ( 1999-05 ) , Edison Brothers, which had gone bankrupt and was being liquidated, sold the 5-7-9 stores to a newly formed subsidiary of A.I.J.J. Enterprises, Inc., owner of Rainbow Shops (/wiki/Rainbow_Shops) . [3] (#cite_note-rainbow-3) Rainbow is headquartered in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) . [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Tang, Heather. "Ailing Windward Mall seeks Hollywood Ending." Pacific Business News. American City Business Journals, 12 Dec 1999. Web. 9 Sep 2013. < http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/1999/12/13/story3.html?page=all (http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/1999/12/13/story3.html?page=all) >. ^ (#cite_ref-history_2-0) "Edison Brothers Stores, Inc. History" (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/edison-brothers-stores-inc-history/) . Funding Universe . Retrieved September 4, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-rainbow_3-0) "EDISON BROTHERS ANNOUNCES AGREEMENTS TO SELL 485 JW/JEANS WEST, CODA AND 5-7-9 STORES ('8-K' for 5/28/99, Exhibit 99.3)" (http://www.secinfo.com/dsvR3.63ej.b.htm) . Securities and Exchange Commission (/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission) . Retrieved September 4, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "About Us" (http://www.rainbowshopsonline.com/about/) . Rainbow Shops. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐7qcfm Cached time: 20240721223809 Cache expiry: 868912 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.217 seconds Real time usage: 0.284 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 843/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5949/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 471/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11876/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.123/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3268574/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 258.707 1 -total 54.07% 139.871 1 Template:Reflist 45.40% 117.443 3 Template:Cite_web 32.73% 84.663 1 Template:Short_description 19.09% 49.381 2 Template:Pagetype 8.70% 22.506 2 Template:Start_date_and_age 8.35% 21.609 4 Template:Main_other 6.75% 17.454 1 Template:SDcat 6.53% 16.905 1 Template:End_date_and_age 2.52% 6.512 2 Template:Years_or_months_ago Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40482795-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721223809 and revision id 1226383598. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5-7-9&oldid=1226383598 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5-7-9&oldid=1226383598) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing retailers of the United States (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States) Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1995 (/wiki/Category:Companies_that_filed_for_Chapter_11_bankruptcy_in_1995) Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1999 (/wiki/Category:Companies_that_filed_for_Chapter_11_bankruptcy_in_1999) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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1962 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1962) 1963 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1963) 1964 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1964) 1965 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1965) 1966 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1966) 1967 1968 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1968) 1969 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1969) 1970 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1970) 1971 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1971) 1972 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1972) Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) established in 1967 (/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_1967) — fashion design +/or manufacturing companies. Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 1960s portal (/wiki/Portal:1960s) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7cd59cdcfb‐xrjqb Cached time: 20240718042744 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.114 seconds Real time usage: 0.229 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 69/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3177/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 84/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.087/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933766/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 215.285 1 -total 88.69% 190.930 1 Template:Navseasoncats 9.96% 21.451 1 Template:Portal 1.24% 2.675 2 Template:C Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52037642-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718042744 and revision id 974954487. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1967" The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Britches Great Outdoors (/wiki/Britches_Great_Outdoors) C Cerruti 1881 (/wiki/Cerruti_1881) Charivari (store) (/wiki/Charivari_(store)) The Chelsea Cobbler (/wiki/The_Chelsea_Cobbler) D Dive and Surf (/wiki/Dive_and_Surf) F Fiorucci (/wiki/Fiorucci) G Gul (watersports) (/wiki/Gul_(watersports)) J JanSport (/wiki/JanSport) M Merc Clothing (/wiki/Merc_Clothing) N Nygård International (/wiki/Nyg%C3%A5rd_International) P Perry Ellis International (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) R Ralph Lauren Corporation (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1967&oldid=974954487 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1967&oldid=974954487) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1967 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1967) Manufacturing companies established in 1967 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1967) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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Birgit C. Muller is an Austrian (/wiki/Austrians) fashion designer, producer, and philanthropist. Career [ edit ] Birgit C. Muller was born in Vienna, Austria and raised in Marbella, Spain. [1] (#cite_note-1) She resides in Beverly Hills, California and has worked in the film and television industry in the United States for Paramount (/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%93present)) , Sony (/wiki/Sony) , Disney (/wiki/Disney) and Universal Studios (/wiki/Universal_Studios) and others, with such noted directors as William Friedkin (/wiki/William_Friedkin) , David Lynch (/wiki/David_Lynch) , Michael Bay (/wiki/Michael_Bay) , Francis Ford Coppola (/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola) and Ridley Scott (/wiki/Ridley_Scott) . She manufactures her own line of couture designer gowns, and is a philanthropist for various global humanitarian causes. [2] (#cite_note-britweek1-2) Birgit Muller is a celebrity judge for the annual Christopher Guy Harrison (/wiki/Christopher_Guy_Harrison) BritWeek Design Award challenge. [2] (#cite_note-britweek1-2) She is the brand ambassador for the British luxury furniture designer Christopher Guy Harrison (/wiki/Christopher_Guy_Harrison) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In addition; she is the Co-Executive Producer of Miss Liberty America (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Liberty_America&action=edit&redlink=1) , a reality show pageant promoting the Constitution, Liberty and the American Way. [4] (#cite_note-4) Awards [ edit ] EMMY Nomination - 2011 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design For A Drama Series; CBS (/wiki/CBS) The Bold and the Beautiful (/wiki/The_Bold_and_the_Beautiful) EMMY Winner - 2006 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design For A Drama Series; CBS The Bold and the Beautiful [5] (#cite_note-5) EMMY Winner - 2005 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design For A Drama Series; CBS "The Bold and the Beautiful" [6] (#cite_note-6) EMMY Winner - 2004 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design For A Drama Series; CBS "The Bold and the Beautiful" [7] (#cite_note-7) EMMY Nomination - 2003 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design For A Drama Series; CBS "The Bold and the Beautiful" EMMY Nomination - 2002 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design For A Drama Series; CBS "The Bold and the Beautiful" CIRCLE OF HOPE Award; 2005 (for Muller's efforts in helping raise more than $800,000.00 for the City of Hope National Medical Center (/wiki/City_of_Hope_National_Medical_Center) )" [8] (#cite_note-8) Philanthropic works [ edit ] February 26, 2012 Children Uniting Nations Awards Celebration Honoring Metta World Peace Private Residence [9] (#cite_note-9) February 26, 2012 How a Black Oscar dress goes Green [10] (#cite_note-10) February 22, 2012 Global Green USA 9th Annual Pre-Oscar Event [11] (#cite_note-11) May 29, 2010 - Birgit C. Muller Fashion Show Benefitting the Rally for Kids with Cancer Foundation chaired by Eva Longoria (/wiki/Eva_Longoria) Parker. [12] (#cite_note-12) March 13, 2010 Make-A-Wish Foundation UK and Eva Longoria (/wiki/Eva_Longoria) 's Hero's - Nobel Gift Gala in London, England. [13] (#cite_note-13) 2010 - "Red Carpet Couture" Event [14] (#cite_note-14) 2006 - Birgit founded “The Three Doves Foundation”, an organization to raise funds for natural disasters, disease prevention and cure. 2005 - City of Hope (raising money for cancer research) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "About" (http://www.birgitcmullercouture.com/website/about.php) . Birgit C Muller Couture . Retrieved March 8, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Christopher Guy Design Award" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120306121305/http://britweek.org/2012/LA_christopherguy.html) . BritWeek. Archived from the original (http://britweek.org/2012/LA_christopherguy.html) on 6 March 2012 . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Home" (http://www.christopherguy.com/index.php) . Christopher Guy . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Executive Team" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101029175324/http://misslibertyamerica.com/ExecutiveTeam.html) . Miss Liberty America. Archived from the original (http://misslibertyamerica.com/ExecutiveTeam.html) on 2010-10-29. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "CBS TV Network Primetime, Daytime, Late Night and Classic Television Shows" (http://www.cbs.com/daytime/specials/emmys_2006/multimedia/bb_luncheon/index.php?id=101_06) . CBS (/wiki/CBS) . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Interviews: B. Muller" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090903120808/http://www.cbs.com/daytime/specials/emmys_2005/interviews/bmuller.shtml) . CBS (/wiki/CBS) . Archived from the original (http://www.cbs.com/daytime/specials/emmys_2005/interviews/bmuller.shtml) on September 3, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "2004 Emmy Nominees" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629070819/http://www.cbs.com/daytime/specials/emmys_2004/nominees.shtml) . CBS (/wiki/CBS) . Archived from the original (http://www.cbs.com/daytime/specials/emmys_2004/nominees.shtml) on June 29, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Birgit C. Muller Couture" (http://www.birgitcmullercouture.com) . Birgit C. Muller Couture . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "2012 Children Uniting Nations Awards Celebration Honoring Metta World Peace Pictures & Photo Gallery" (http://www.starpulse.com/events/18530/0/39/2012+Children+Uniting+Nations+Awards+Celebration+Honoring+Metta+World+Peace/1/) . Starpulse.com . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "How a little black Oscars dress went green" (http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/26/how-a-little-black-oscars-dress-went-green/) . Marquee.blogs.cnn.com. 26 February 2012 . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Birgit C. Muller Pictures - Global Green USA's 9th Annual Pre-Oscar Party - Arrivals" (http://www.zimbio.com/pictures/9dxuj89mD2t/Global+Green+USA+9th+Annual+Pre+Oscar+Party/FlabC6DpEnJ/Birgit+C.+Muller) . Zimbio. 22 February 2012 . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Birgit C. Muller Hosts a Fashion Show Benefitting Eva Longoria's "Kids with Cancer" Foundation - Arrivals" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100804030518/http://www.exposay.com/birgit-c-muller-hosts-a-fashion-show-benefitting-eva-longorias-kids-with-cancer-foundation---arrivals/v/38876/) . Exposay.com. 29 May 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.exposay.com/birgit-c-muller-hosts-a-fashion-show-benefitting-eva-longorias-kids-with-cancer-foundation---arrivals/v/38876/) on 4 August 2010 . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Eva Longoria Show "Hot" in Noble Gift Gala" (http://womansinstyle.blogspot.co.uk/2010/03/eva-longoria-show-hot-in-noble-gift.html) . Womansinstyle.blogspot.com. 14 March 2010 . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Birgit C. Muller and Daniella Peters on Red Carpet Couture event" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140408223528/http://mycostumedepartment.com/component/content/article/39-blog/191-birgit-c-muller-exclusively-to-mcd-.html) . My Costume Department . Archived from the original (http://mycostumedepartment.com/component/content/article/39-blog/191-birgit-c-muller-exclusively-to-mcd-.html) on 2014-04-08 . Retrieved 2012-03-09 . External links [ edit ] "3 time Emmy Award Winner Birgit C Muller from Los Angeles" (http://eventinternational.wordpress.com/2010/03/19/3-time-emmy-award-winner-birgit-c-muller-from-los-angeles/) . Behrentin Communication. March 19, 2010. 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Dolly Tree photographed with a long cigarette holder (/wiki/Cigarette_holder) in 1926 Scanned portrait photograph from family collection, with stamp from Venice Photo Shop, 1402 Ocean Front, Venice, California on the rear and a handwritten note which refers to her mother, Bertha Isbell Dolly Tree (17 March 1899 – 17 May 1962) was an English illustrator (/wiki/Illustrator) , actress and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) who during the 1930s and 1940s designed dresses for Myrna Loy (/wiki/Myrna_Loy) , Jean Harlow (/wiki/Jean_Harlow) , Rosalind Russell (/wiki/Rosalind_Russell) , Maureen O'Sullivan (/wiki/Maureen_O%27Sullivan) and Judy Garland (/wiki/Judy_Garland) among others in addition to costuming historical dramas such as David Copperfield (/wiki/David_Copperfield_(1935_film)) (1935) and A Tale of Two Cities (/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_(1935_film)) (1935). Biography [ edit ] Programme design by Tree for The Beauty Spot (/wiki/The_Beauty_Spot) at the Gaiety Theatre (/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_London) in London (1917) Born in Westbury-on-Trym (/wiki/Westbury-on-Trym) in Bristol (/wiki/Bristol) in 1899 as Dorothy Marian Isbell , the daughter of Charles Edwin Isbell (1863–1942), a solicitor, and Bertha Marian (née Keith-Williams) (1874–1947). [1] (#cite_note-1) At an early age she discovered an aptitude for drawing before being drawn towards a career on the stage. In 1912 her family relocated to London [2] (#cite_note-Cause-2) and she began her career as an artist after seeing the play Vanity Fair at the Palace Theatre (/wiki/Palace_Theatre,_London) in 1916. Of the play she later wrote, ‘I was fascinated by the wonderful dancing and art of Regine Flory and admired her so much that I started to design a special poster of her, really to amuse myself, based on my recollections of this vivid artist seen across the footlights.’ A friend took her drawing to Sir Alfred Butt (/wiki/Alfred_Butt) who bought it and gave her a two-year contract (c1917-1918) to design posters and programme covers for of all his shows including The Boy (1917), The Beauty Spot (/wiki/The_Beauty_Spot) (1917), Going Up (1918), Telling the Tale (1918), The Latest Craze (1919), The Kiss Call (1919), Very Good Eddie (1919) and Hello America (1919). Her comic illustrations also appeared in various British newspapers and magazines. [3] (#cite_note-Jazz-3) Between 1915 and 1918 Dolly Tree appeared in five British silent films (/wiki/Silent_film) as an actress. In the United Kingdom her career as a costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) began in the 1920s on various cabaret shows in London in particular; in 1923 she collaborated on her first film, Woman to Woman (/wiki/Woman_to_Woman_(1923_film)) , directed by Graham Cutts (/wiki/Graham_Cutts) and with Alfred Hitchcock (/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock) as the co-screenwriter, artistic director and assistant director. Her work became popular in Paris where she became the first English person and the first woman to design for the Folies Bergère (/wiki/Folies_Berg%C3%A8re) . [3] (#cite_note-Jazz-3) In 1926 she moved to the United States, [2] (#cite_note-Cause-2) first working in New York where she created the costumes for the 1928 Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) play Diamond Lil (/wiki/Diamond_Lil_(play)) starring Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She then went to Hollywood [6] (#cite_note-6) where she was involved in designing for 175 American films, firstly for Fox Studios (/wiki/20th_Century_Fox) (1929–1931) and then for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) (1931–1942), mainly as a designer of dresses, among others alongside Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1931 while working at Fox Studios she met and married the American Naval officer Thomas Kimes. The marriage was a happy one, but his career in the Navy kept them apart and they divorced in 1940. After her divorce Tree began to drink heavily which led to her leaving MGM in 1942 (this is not the case – she left MGM to work for a wholesale company – see the biography Dolly Tree: A Dream of Beauty) and returning to Fox Studios where she married her second husband, Don E. Whiteford. However, this marriage also did not work and they quickly divorced, which drove Tree further into alcoholism. Her second divorce, her heavy drinking and the death of her father in 1942 led to her becoming increasing unreliable and losing her job. [8] (#cite_note-8) Tree died in the Pilgrim State Hospital in New York, now the Pilgrim Psychiatric Center (/wiki/Pilgrim_Psychiatric_Center) Dolly Tree died aged 63 at the Pilgrim State Hospital (/wiki/Pilgrim_Psychiatric_Center) in New York in 1962. In her will she left £757 to Arthur Thomas Isbell, a retired shopkeeper, and Edith Mary Kelynack (1894–1971) in her native United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Partial filmography [ edit ] As actress [ edit ] 1915 : Love in a Wood (/wiki/Love_in_a_Wood) 1915 : From Shopgirl to Duchess (/wiki/From_Shopgirl_to_Duchess) – Tilly 1915 : The Disorder of the Bath (/w/index.php?title=The_Disorder_of_the_Bath&action=edit&redlink=1) 1916 : Two Lancashire Lasses in London (/w/index.php?title=Two_Lancashire_Lasses_in_London&action=edit&redlink=1) 1918 : Hindle Wakes (/wiki/Hindle_Wakes_(1918_film)) – Mary Hollins [10] (#cite_note-BFI-10) As costume designer [ edit ] Maureen O'Sullivan (/wiki/Maureen_O%27Sullivan) in Hold That Kiss (/wiki/Hold_That_Kiss) (1938) wearing a dress designed by Dolly Tree 1923 : Woman to Woman (/wiki/Woman_to_Woman_(1923_film)) 1923 : The Woman Dancer (/w/index.php?title=The_Woman_Dancer&action=edit&redlink=1) 1930 : Just Imagine (/wiki/Just_Imagine_(film)) 1931 : The Public Enemy (/wiki/The_Public_Enemy) 1931 : Bad Girl (/wiki/Bad_Girl_(1931_film)) 1932 : Almost Married (/wiki/Almost_Married_(1932_film)) 1934 : Stamboul Quest (/wiki/Stamboul_Quest) 1934 : Evelyn Prentice (/wiki/Evelyn_Prentice) 1934 : Manhattan Melodrama (/wiki/Manhattan_Melodrama) 1934 : The Gay Bride (/wiki/The_Gay_Bride) 1934 : The Thin Man (/wiki/The_Thin_Man) 1935 : David Copperfield (/wiki/David_Copperfield_(1935_film)) 1935 : A Night at the Opera (/wiki/A_Night_at_the_Opera_(film)) 1935 : Whipsaw (/wiki/Whipsaw_(film)) 1935 : Public Hero No. 1 (/wiki/Public_Hero_No._1) 1935 : A Tale of Two Cities (/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_(1935_film)) 1936 : Riffraf (/wiki/Riffraff_(1936_film)) 1936 : Trouble for Two (/wiki/Trouble_for_Two) 1936 : The Garden Murder Case (/wiki/The_Garden_Murder_Case_(film)) 1936 : The Unguarded Hour (/wiki/The_Unguarded_Hour) 1936 : His Brother's Wife (/wiki/His_Brother%27s_Wife) 1936 : Fury (/wiki/Fury_(1936_film)) 1936 : Suzy (/wiki/Suzy_(film)) 1936 : Libeled Lady (/wiki/Libeled_Lady) 1936 : ‘’ Absolute Quiet (/wiki/Absolute_Quiet) ’’ 1936 : After the Thin Man (/wiki/After_the_Thin_Man) 1936 : The Devil-Doll (/wiki/The_Devil-Doll) 1936 : The Robin Hood of El Dorado (/wiki/Robin_Hood_of_El_Dorado_(film)) 1937 : Rosalie (/wiki/Rosalie_(1937_film)) 1937 : A Day at the Races (/wiki/A_Day_at_the_Races_(film)) 1937 : The Good Earth (/wiki/The_Good_Earth_(film)) 1938 : Arsène Lupin Returns (/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_Returns) 1938 : Port of Seven Seas (/wiki/Port_of_Seven_Seas) 1938 : Too Hot to Handle (/wiki/Too_Hot_to_Handle_(1938_film)) 1938 : Hold That Kiss (/wiki/Hold_That_Kiss) 1938 : Spring Madness (/wiki/Spring_Madness) 1938 : The Girl Downstairs (/wiki/The_Girl_Downstairs_(film)) 1938 : Test Pilot (/wiki/Test_Pilot_(film)) 1939 : At the Circus (/wiki/At_the_Circus) 1939 : Babes in Arms (/wiki/Babes_in_Arms_(film)) 1939 : Miracles for Sale (/wiki/Miracles_for_Sale) 1939 : Another Thin Man (/wiki/Another_Thin_Man) 1939 : Blackmail (/wiki/Blackmail_(1939_film)) 1940 : Young Tom Edison (/wiki/Young_Tom_Edison) 1940 : Strike up the Band (/wiki/Strike_Up_the_Band_(film)) 1940 : Little Nellie Kelly (/wiki/Little_Nellie_Kelly) 1940 : Flight Command (/wiki/Flight_Command) 1940 : Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (/wiki/Andy_Hardy_Meets_Debutante) 1942 : Tales of Manhattan (/wiki/Tales_of_Manhattan) 1942 : Thunder Birds (/wiki/Thunder_Birds_(1942_film)) 1942 : The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe (/wiki/The_Loves_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe) 1942 : Ten Gentlemen from West Point (/wiki/Ten_Gentlemen_from_West_Point) [10] (#cite_note-BFI-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Dorothy Marian Isbell in the 1911 England Census (https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2352&h=55588092&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv807&_phstart=successSource) – Ancestry.com (/wiki/Ancestry.com) (subscription required) ^ a b Dolly Tree on the 'Cause a Frockus' website (http://www.causeafrockus.com/2014/05/dolly-tree/) ^ a b Dolly Tree's Jazz Age Illustrations – Jazz Age Club website (http://www.jazzageclub.com/jazz-age-club/dolly-tree-illustrations/) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Dolly Tree and (http://www.playbill.com/person/dolly-tree-vault-0000021330) Diamond Lil (1928) (http://www.playbill.com/person/dolly-tree-vault-0000021330) – Playbill (/wiki/Playbill) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dolly Tree and (https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/dolly-tree-115827) Diamond Lil (1928) (https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/dolly-tree-115827) on the Internet Broadway Database (/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Elizabeth Leese, (https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ_DAgAAQBAJ&dq=dolly+tree&pg=PT258) Costume Design in the Movies: An Illustrated Guide to the Work of 157 Great Designers , Dover Fashion and Costumes (1977) (https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ_DAgAAQBAJ&dq=dolly+tree&pg=PT258) – Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) ^ (#cite_ref-7) The Evolution of a Screen Gown by Dolly Tree at MGM in the 1930s – Jazz Age Club website (http://www.jazzageclub.com/film/evolution-of-a-screen-gown-at-mgm-in-the-1930s/) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Dolly Tree – A Rising Star (http://nataliewoodnip.blogspot.com/2011/11/what-delightful-name.html) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Dorothy Marian Whiteford in the England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858–1966, 1973–1995 (1965) (https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/1904/32858_635001_2117-00203?pid=16250824&backurl=https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%3D1%26dbid%3D1904%26h%3D16250824%26tid%3D%26pid%3D%26usePUB%3Dtrue%26_phsrc%3Ddjv815%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&treeid=&personid=&hintid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=djv815&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true) – Ancestry.com (/wiki/Ancestry.com) (subscription required) ^ a b Dolly Tree (https://web.archive.org/web/20190529112114/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba8e3e0ad) on the British Film Institute (/wiki/British_Film_Institute) database Please see the illustrated Biography Dolly Tree: A Dream of Beauty by Gary Chapman published in 2017. External links [ edit ] Dolly Tree (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0871675/?ref_=nmbio_bio_nm) on Internet Movie Database (/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database) W.H. Crain Costume and Scene Design Collection (https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00150) at the Harry Ransom Center (/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/95701131) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1062002814) Artists ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500003376) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1062002814.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐p5m7r Cached time: 20240720152610 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.244 seconds Real time usage: 0.732 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 460/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6818/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 295/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10905/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.110/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1479911/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 419.893 1 -total 58.81% 246.934 1 Template:Authority_control 32.20% 135.221 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 7.29% 30.596 1 Template:Reflist 3.99% 16.755 1 Template:DMCA 3.04% 12.772 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 2.23% 9.356 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 1.74% 7.294 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages 1.06% 4.470 2 Template:Subscription_required 0.55% 2.324 1 Template:Link_note Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58741190-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720152610 and revision id 1230082856. 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American-born Italian countess Consuelo Pauline O'Brien O'Connor Crespi (May 31, 1928 – October 18, 2010) was an American-born Italian countess who served the world of high fashion as a style-setting model and editor of Vogue (magazine) (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) . During the same period, her twin sister Gloria Schiff (/wiki/Gloria_Schiff) was a major influence on fashion as editor for the American edition of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine. She was also a member of the International Best Dressed List (/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_List) since 1959. [1] (#cite_note-1) Biography [ edit ] Crespi was born on May 31, 1928, in Larchmont, New York (/wiki/Larchmont,_New_York) , along with a twin sister Gloria. She grew up in Nova Scotia (/wiki/Nova_Scotia) and was spotted as a potential model when she moved back to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) with her mother and sister, appearing on the cover of Look (/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)) magazine in 1945. She was introduced to society as a débutante (/wiki/D%C3%A9butante) in 1947 and met Count Rodolfo (Rudi) Crespi (São Paulo, 1924 – New York, 1985), grandson of wealthy industrialist Count Rodolfo Crespi (1874–1939) (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolfo_Crespi) and Countess Marina Crespi ( née Regoli, 1879–1964), on a blind date in a New York City restaurant. [2] (#cite_note-NYTObit-2) They were married three months later, on January 22, 1948, in a ceremony held at Church of St. Ignatius Loyola (/wiki/Church_of_St._Ignatius_Loyola_(New_York_City)) on the Upper East Side (/wiki/Upper_East_Side) of Manhattan. [3] (#cite_note-3) The couple had two children, Brando Crespi and Pilar Crespi. An ambassador of Italian fashion [ edit ] Through her choices in attire and in publishing, Crespi played a major role in influencing the fashion world and giving a boost to the careers of designers such as Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) and Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) . Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) credited Crespi with giving him a break into the fashion industry and it was a Valentino dress worn by her twin sister that convinced Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy) to try out the designer. In addition to her role as editor of Italian Vogue , Crespi's appearances at social events such as the Black and White Ball (/wiki/Black_and_White_Ball) thrown by Truman Capote (/wiki/Truman_Capote) in 1966 were widely reported. [2] (#cite_note-NYTObit-2) In a best-dressed list published in 1958 by the New York Dress Institute, Crespi was ranked third, behind the Duchess of Windsor (/wiki/Wallis,_Duchess_of_Windsor) , but ahead of Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) in fourth place and Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) in fifth. [4] (#cite_note-4) She was included on the International Best Dressed List (/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_List) and was recognized by the Fashion Hall of Fame for her "faultless taste in dress without ostentation or extravagance". [2] (#cite_note-NYTObit-2) In addition to her editing duties, Crespi and her husband both did public relations for major designers. [2] (#cite_note-NYTObit-2) Her husband had been involved on the editorial staff of Vogue Brasil and Vogue Mexico . [5] (#cite_note-5) After returning from Rome (/wiki/Rome) in 1961, she received notice from the fashion world by wearing skirts that were four to five inches longer than the prevailing fashion, helping to promote a new line from the designer Fabiani, saying "I now can't stand the sight of my knees showing" after donning the longer skirts. [6] (#cite_note-6) The government of Italy bestowed its highest-ranked civilian award to Crespi for her assistance in promoting the fashion industry in that country. [2] (#cite_note-NYTObit-2) Crespi lamented the decline in Italian social life among the wealthy and aristocratic crowd in the 1970s in the wake of social unrest and a wave of kidnappings, telling Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine that "In Italy now you want to feel rich and look poor". [7] (#cite_note-7) Legacy [ edit ] Crespi died at age 82 on October 18, 2010, at Mount Sinai Hospital (/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital,_New_York) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) due to a stroke (/wiki/Stroke) . She was survived by a daughter, a son, four grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. Her husband had died in 1985. [2] (#cite_note-NYTObit-2) Her daughter Pilar Crespi was an assistant editor at Vogue and has spent most of her career in the fashion industry, [8] (#cite_note-8) and her granddaughter Chloe is a fashion photographer. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vanity Fair Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111125142846/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/bestdressed/bestdressed_women?currentPage=1) November 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Martin, Douglas. "Consuelo Crespi, Aristocrat of Fashion, Dies at 82" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/23/nyregion/23crespi.html) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , October 23, 2010. Accessed October 24, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Staff. "NUPTIALS ARE HELD FOR MISS O'CONNETR; She Is Wed to Conte Rodoifo Crespi of Rome and Brazil in St. Ignatius Loyola" (https://www.nytimes.com/1948/01/23/archives/nuptials-are-held-for-miss-oconnetr-she-is-wed-to-conte-rodoifo.html) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , January 23, 1948. Accessed October 24, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-4) via Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . "Best-Dressed Women Named" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KR0sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KMkEAAAAIBAJ&dq=consuelo%20crespi&pg=4358%2C3602384) , TimesDaily (/wiki/TimesDaily) , January 3, 1958. Accessed October 24, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Pace, Eric. "COUNT RODOLFO CRESPI, FIGURE IN FASHION CIRCLES, DIES AT 61" (https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/07/nyregion/count-rodolfo-crespi-figure-in-fashion-circles-dies-at-61.html) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , September 7, 1985. Accessed October 24, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Donovan, Carrie. "Fashion Leader Favors A Lengthened Hemline" (https://www.nytimes.com/1961/11/29/archives/fashion-leader-favors-a-lengthened-hemline.html) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , November 29, 1961. Accessed October 24, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Staff. "AFGHANISTAN,MIDDLE EAST: The Quiet Life of the Rich" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080307205504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,948121,00.html) , Time (magazine) (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) , May 15, 1978. Accessed October 24, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Staff. "PILAR CRESPI: A LIFETIME OF FASHION AT 31" (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB35E19CE78256D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM) , The Miami Herald (/wiki/The_Miami_Herald) , November 23, 1983. Accessed October 24, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Why European Royalty and Aristocrats are flocking to New York" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150509142857/http://gotham-magazine.com/living/articles/why-european-royalty-and-aristocrats-are-flocking-to-new-york) . Archived from the original (http://gotham-magazine.com/living/articles/why-european-royalty-and-aristocrats-are-flocking-to-new-york) on 2015-05-09 . Retrieved 2015-02-01 . 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Black Designers of Canada is an initiative in Canada (/wiki/Canada) to promote diversity in the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) and highlight black (/wiki/Black_people) Canadian artists (/wiki/Artist) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) It is a non-profit organization. [5] (#cite_note-5) The online database (/wiki/Database) currently has over 160 designers listed. The interactive index was created by fashion designer George Sully (/wiki/George_Sully) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The initiative has been featured in Essence , [10] (#cite_note-10) Black Enterprise (/wiki/Black_Enterprise) , [11] (#cite_note-11) and Elle . [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Shoe designer creates platform to celebrate black Canadian designers - Video - CityNews Toronto" (https://toronto.citynews.ca/video/2020/06/08/shoe-designer-creates-platform-to-celebrate-black-canadian-designers/) . toronto.citynews.ca . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Shoe designer George Sully forms platform to celebrate black Canadian artists" (https://www.thestar.com/business/2020/06/08/shoe-designer-george-sully-forms-platform-to-celebrate-black-canadian-artists.html) . thestar.com . 2020-06-08 . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Putting a spotlight on Black Canadian designers | Watch News Videos Online" (https://globalnews.ca/video/7053734/putting-a-spotlight-on-black-canadian-designers/) . Global News . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "George Sully launches Black Designers of Canada" (https://www.cp24.com/video?clipId=1979474) . CP24 . 2020-06-18 . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Black Designers of Canada | CTV News" (https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1975250) . calgary.ctvnews.ca . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "George Sully on making an index of Black designers in Canada" (https://www.thestar.com/life/fashion_style/2020/06/18/george-sully-on-making-an-index-of-black-designers-in-canada.html) . thestar.com . 2020-06-18 . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Everything You Need to Know About The Black Fashion & Beauty Gala" (https://fashionmagazine.com/style/my-story-up-close-with-black-fashion-beauty-gala-founder-ann-marie-daniel-barker/) . FASHION Magazine . 2020-10-08 . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Celebrating Canadian Black artists | CTV News" (https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1976995) . www.ctvnews.ca . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Black Designers of Canada Database" (https://www.bttoronto.ca/videos/black-designers-of-canada-database/) . Breakfast Television Toronto . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "A Look Inside The Black Designers Of Canada Initiative" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/black-designers-of-canada-digital-index/) . Essence . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Designer George Sully Launches A Platform To Celebrate Black Designers of Canada" (https://www.blackenterprise.com/designer-george-sully-launches-a-platform-to-celebrate-black-designers-of-canada/) . Black Enterprise . 2020-06-21 . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "This Interactive Index is Showcasing Black Designers in Canada" (http://www.ellecanada.com/fashion/trends/this-interactive-index-is-showcasing-black-designers-in-canada) . Elle Canada . Retrieved 2020-10-09 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://blackdesignersofcanada.com/) This article about an organization in Canada is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Philippine retail brand For the British clothing brand, see Bench (British clothing brand) (/wiki/Bench_(British_clothing_brand)) . For the company which owns Bench, see Suyen Corporation (/wiki/Suyen_Corporation) . Bench A Bench outlet Product type Apparel (/wiki/Clothing) Owner Suyen Corporation (/wiki/Suyen_Corporation) Country Philippines Introduced August 3, 1987 ; 36 years ago ( August 3, 1987 ) Markets Asia, North America, Oceania Website shop (http://shop.bench.com.ph) .bench (http://shop.bench.com.ph) .com (http://shop.bench.com.ph) .ph (http://shop.bench.com.ph) Bench (stylized as bench/ or BENCH/ ) is a Philippine retail brand of clothing, bags, accessories, footwear and fragrances owned by Suyen Corporation (/wiki/Suyen_Corporation) . Bench was established in 1987 by Ben Chan (/wiki/Ben_Chan_(Filipino_businessman)) . Its first outlet was a small store selling men's T-shirts [1] (#cite_note-Inquirer-Globalizing-1) in an outlet of the SM Department Store (/wiki/SM_Retail) (now SM Store). [2] (#cite_note-phprimer-2) In 1991, Bench released its first television commercial featuring Filipino actor Richard Gomez (/wiki/Richard_Gomez) as its endorser which set a standard on how the brand is promoted by its celebrity endorsers. [2] (#cite_note-phprimer-2) The company has since grown to include a ladies' line, underwear, fragrances, housewares, snacks and other lifestyle products. Bench has expanded to overseas territories, including the United States, Middle East, China, Myanmar, and Singapore. [1] (#cite_note-Inquirer-Globalizing-1) In 2017, the first Bench Design Awards, a fashion design competition for young designers, was held. [3] (#cite_note-3) The first Bench Cafe, named after the clothing line, opened in January 2018. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Dumlao-Abadilla, Doris (December 3, 2018). "Globalizing corporate Philippines" (https://business.inquirer.net/261558/globalizing-corporate-philippines) . business.inquirer.net . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved September 29, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Business Talk with Ben Chan of BENCH/" (https://primer.com.ph/business/2017/10/09/business-talk-with-ben-chan-of-bench/) . Philippine Primer . October 9, 2017 . Retrieved January 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ben Chan elevates local to global" (https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/young-star/2017/09/14/1739131/ben-chan-elevates-local-global) . The Philippine Star . September 14, 2017 . Retrieved April 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Domingo, Katrina (January 16, 2018). "Bench boss Chan raises bet on restaurants" (https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/16/18/bench-boss-chan-raises-bet-on-restaurants) . ABS-CBN News . Retrieved April 23, 2023 . 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Indonesian beauty pageant titleholder In this Chinese Indonesian name (/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_name) , the family name (/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname) is Halim from (林) Lim (/wiki/Lin_(surname)) . Natasha Mannuela Halim Natasha Mannuela Halim in 2016. Born Natasha Mannuela Halim ( 1994-05-09 ) May 9, 1994 (age 30) [3] (#cite_note-acha-3) Pangkal Pinang (/wiki/Pangkal_Pinang) , Bangka Belitung (/wiki/Bangka_Belitung) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) Education Prasetya Mulya University (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Prasetiya_Mulya) [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) Occupations Model ballerina [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) fashion designer architecture contractor beauty pageant titleholder Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) (Winner) Miss World 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) (2nd Runner-up) [1] (#cite_note-CoconutsMedia-1) [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) ( Miss World Asia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) ) ( Beauty with a Purpose (/wiki/Beauty_with_a_Purpose) [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) ) Years active 2016–present Hair color Black Eye color Black Natasha Mannuela Halim (born May 9, 1994) [3] (#cite_note-acha-3) is an Indonesian model, ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina) , [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) architecture contractor (/wiki/General_contractor) [5] (#cite_note-contractor-5) and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) , she represented Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) at the Miss World 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) , where she was crowned 2nd Runner-up and Miss World Asia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) , [1] (#cite_note-CoconutsMedia-1) [6] (#cite_note-JakartaPost-6) [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) the highest placement for Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) so far. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Biography Natasha homecoming party in Pangkal Pinang (/wiki/Pangkal_Pinang) , Bangka Belitung (/wiki/Bangka_Belitung) after being crowned Miss Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Natasha born in Pangkal Pinang (/wiki/Pangkal_Pinang) , Bangka Belitung (/wiki/Bangka_Belitung) , [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) she has an interest in ballet (/wiki/Ballet) , piano (/wiki/Piano) and been modelling since she was fifteen. [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) She worked with a team in managing her fashion-line business LOCAPOCA in the early of 2014, [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) by empowering women with disability (/wiki/Disability) to work as a creative designers. [12] (#cite_note-12) She is also managing her family business as an architecture contractor [5] (#cite_note-contractor-5) She graduated three and a half years with an international business (/wiki/International_business) from Prasetya Mulya University (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Prasetiya_Mulya) , Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) , [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) where she graduated cum laude (/wiki/Cum_laude) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Together with MNC Group (/wiki/MNC_Group) , she's taking part as an inspirational speaker (/wiki/Inspirational_speaker) on "PlayTalk: Finding Your Voice" platform for the youth. [14] (#cite_note-PlayTalk1-14) [15] (#cite_note-PlayTalk2-15) She often involves in social activities that leads her to meet people from different culture backgrounds, Her communication skill with diverse people from all over the world was simply rousing for the audience in "PlayTalk: Finding Your Voice" . [14] (#cite_note-PlayTalk1-14) [15] (#cite_note-PlayTalk2-15) Beauty Pageant Natasha crowned Miss World Asia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) together with Yaritza Reyes (/wiki/Yaritza_Reyes) and Stephanie Del Valle (/wiki/Stephanie_Del_Valle) . Miss Indonesia 2016 Natasha crowned Miss Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) as a representative of the province of Bangka Belitung (/wiki/Bangka_Belitung) Islands, [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) at the finals held at the RCTI (/wiki/RCTI) Studio, Kebon Jeruk (/wiki/Kebon_Jeruk) , Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) - Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) , on February 24, 2016 by the outgoing titleholder of Miss Indonesia 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2015) and Miss World 2015 (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) 2nd runner-up, Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) of Yogyakarta (/wiki/Yogyakarta) and Miss World 2015 (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) , Mireia Lalaguna (/wiki/Mireia_Lalaguna) of Spain (/wiki/Spain) attended the awarding night. [16] (#cite_note-16) Miss World 2016 As Miss Indonesia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) , Natasha represented Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) in the 66th Miss World 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) Pageant at the MGM National Harbor (/wiki/MGM_National_Harbor) , Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , United States (/wiki/United_States) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In the finale coronation night of the contest, which was held on December 18, 2016, she was the winner of Beauty with a Purpose (/wiki/Beauty_with_a_Purpose) 2016 [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) and the continental Miss World Asia 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) , [1] (#cite_note-CoconutsMedia-1) [2] (#cite_note-Facts-2) it is the third time in a row where the country won the challenge event Beauty with a Purpose (/wiki/Beauty_with_a_Purpose) since 2014, and the second time after Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) won the continental Miss World Asia 2015 (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) . [6] (#cite_note-JakartaPost-6) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Natasha eventually became the second runner-up of Miss World 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) , following Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) who was also the second runner-up of previous year. [21] (#cite_note-21) References ^ Jump up to: a b c "Miss Indonesia Natasha Mannuela crowned 2nd runner-up at Miss World 2016" (https://coconuts.co/jakarta/lifestyle/miss-indonesia-natasha-mannuela-crowned-2nd-runner-miss-world-2016/) . Coconuts Media (/wiki/Coconuts_Media) . December 19, 2016 . Retrieved December 19, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "9 Facts About Natasha Mannuela, Indonesian Miss World Second Runner Up" (https://en.brilio.net/figure/9-facts-of-natasha-mannuela-the-miss-world-runner-up-2-from-indonesia-161220g.html#) . brilio.net . December 28, 2016 . Retrieved December 28, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Profil Miss Indonesia 2016 Natasha Mannuela" (http://ketemulagi.com/profil-miss-indonesia-2016-natasha-mannuela/) . Ketemu Lagi . Retrieved February 25, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Natasha Mannuela Amoy Bangka yang Punya Segudang Talenta" (http://bangka.tribunnews.com/2016/02/25/natasha-mannuela-amoy-bangka-yang-punya-segudang-talenta) . Tribunnews.com (/wiki/Tribunnews.com) . Retrieved February 26, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Natasha Mannuela Halim, Ahli bangunan" (https://majalah.tempo.co/read/pokok-dan-tokoh/152600/natasha-mannuela-halim) . Tempo (Indonesian magazine) (/wiki/Tempo_(Indonesian_magazine)) . February 20, 2017 . Retrieved February 20, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Miss Indonesia named second runner-up in Miss World 2016" (http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/12/20/miss-indonesia-named-second-runner-up-in-miss-world-2016.html) . The Jakarta Post (/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post) . December 20, 2016 . Retrieved December 22, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Miss Indonesia Places Third at Miss World 2016" (https://indonesiaexpat.id/lifestyle/arts-entertainment/miss-indonesia-places-third-miss-world-2016/) . Indonesia Expat (/wiki/Indonesia_Expat) . December 22, 2016 . Retrieved December 22, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Ikhsania, Annisa Amalia (December 19, 2016). "MISS WORLD 2016: Kembali Cetak Sejarah, Natasha Mannuela Jadi Juara 3" (http://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2016/12/19/194/1569922/miss-world-2016-kembali-cetak-sejarah-natasha-mannuela-jadi-juara-3) . Okezone.com (/wiki/Okezone.com) . Retrieved December 22, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Natasha Mannuela Juri Miss Indonesia 2019" (http://www.koran-jakarta.com/natasha-mannuela-juri-miss-indonesia-2019) . Koran Jakarta (/wiki/Koran_Jakarta) . Retrieved February 22, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "7 Gorgeous Indonesian Pageant Winners That Made Indonesia Proud With Their Achievements" (https://indonesiatatler.com/society/7-gorgeous-indonesian-pageant-winners-that-made-indonesia-proud-with-their-achievements) . Tatler Indonesia (/wiki/Tatler) . Retrieved February 9, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Riau Golden Week 2016" (https://www.riau.go.id/home/galleryfoto/1489/riau-golden-week-2016) . Government of Riau Provinces (/wiki/Riau) . Retrieved May 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Mari Berkenalan dengan Miss Indonesia 2016 Natasha Mannuela" (http://www.rappler.com/indonesia/123697-profil-miss-indonesia-2016-natasha-mannuela) . Rappler (/wiki/Rappler) . February 25, 2016 . Retrieved February 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Rantung, Revi C. (May 5, 2017). "Ini Kesibukan Baru Natasha Mannuela Setelah Menjadi Miss Indonesia 2016" (http://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2017/05/05/33/1684421/ini-kesibukan-baru-natasha-mannuela-setelah-menjadi-miss-indonesia-2016) . Okezone.com (/wiki/Okezone.com) . Retrieved July 16, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Finding Your Voice with Your Own Unique Way like Natasha Mannuela, Olivia Marzuki, and Phieter Angdika" (https://international.binus.ac.id/2017/03/20/finding-your-voice-with-your-unique-way-like-natasha-mannuela-olivia-marzuki-and-phieter-angdika/) . Bina Nusantara University (/wiki/Bina_Nusantara_University) . March 20, 2017 . Retrieved March 20, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "PlayTalk : Finding Your Voice, Cara Unik Komunikasi Ala Natasha Mannuela, Olivia Marzuki, dan Phieter Angdika" (https://www.mncplay.id/en/playtalk-finding-your-voice-cara-unik-komunikasi-ala-natasha-mannuela-olivia-marzuki-dan-phieter-angdika/) . MNC Group (/wiki/MNC_Group) . May 5, 2017 . Retrieved July 16, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Ikhsania, Annisa Amalia (February 25, 2016). "Miss Indonesia 2016: Natasha Mannuela Pengganti Maria Harfanti" (http://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2016/02/25/194/1320676/miss-indonesia-2016-natasha-mannuela-pengganti-maria-harfanti) . Okezone.com (/wiki/Okezone.com) . Retrieved February 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Wow! Istimewa. Indonesia Borong Gelar di Miss World 2016" (https://www.jawapos.com/entertainment/music-movie/19/12/2016/wow-istimewa-indonesia-borong-gelar-di-miss-world-2016/) . Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) . December 19, 2016 . Retrieved December 19, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Contestants of Miss World 2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121001090215/http://www.missworld.com/Contestants/) . missworld.com . Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) . October 27, 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.missworld.com/contestants/) on October 1, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Pemenang Ketiga Miss World 2016, Inilah Profil Natasha Mannuela" (https://www.solopos.com/pemenang-ketiga-miss-world-2016-inilah-profil-natasha-mannuela-777716) . Solopos (/wiki/Solopos) . December 19, 2016 . Retrieved December 19, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Beauty Queens flock to SA for Stop Hunger Now tour" (http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/beauty-queens-flock-to-sa-for-stop-hunger-now-tour-20170711) . Channel 24 (/wiki/News24_(website)) . July 11, 2017 . Retrieved November 12, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Nurmuseriah, Afiza (January 15, 2017). "Kegiatan yang Akan Dilakukan Natasha Mannuela Pasca-Raih Juara Tiga Miss World" (http://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2017/01/15/194/1592036/kegiatan-yang-akan-dilakukan-natasha-mannuela-pasca-raih-juara-tiga-miss-world) . Okezone.com (/wiki/Okezone.com) . Retrieved July 16, 2017 . External links Natasha Mannuela Halim (https://www.instagram.com/natashamannuela/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Miss Indonesia Official website (http://www.missindonesia.co.id/) Awards and achievements Preceded by Special Region of Yogyakarta (/wiki/Special_Region_of_Yogyakarta) – Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) Miss Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) Succeeded by West Nusa Tenggara (/wiki/West_Nusa_Tenggara) – Achintya Holte Nilsen (/wiki/Achintya_Holte_Nilsen) Preceded by Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) Miss World 2nd Runner-up (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) Succeeded by England (/wiki/England) – Stephanie Hill (/wiki/Stephanie_Hill) Preceded by Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) Miss World Asia (/wiki/List_of_Miss_World_Continental_Queen_of_Beauty_winners) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) Succeeded by Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Achintya Holte Nilsen (/wiki/Achintya_Holte_Nilsen) Preceded by Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) Beauty With a Purpose (/wiki/Beauty_With_a_Purpose) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) Succeeded by Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) – Achintya Holte Nilsen (/wiki/Achintya_Holte_Nilsen) v t e Miss Indonesia titleholders (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) Miss Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) (2005-present) Imelda Fransisca (/wiki/Imelda_Fransisca) ( 2005 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2005) ) Kristania Virginia Besouw (/wiki/Kristania_Virginia_Besouw) (2006) Kamidia Radisti (/wiki/Kamidia_Radisti) (2007) Sandra Angelia Hadisiswantoro (/wiki/Sandra_Angelia) (2008) Kerenina Sunny Halim (/wiki/Kerenina_Sunny_Halim) (2009) Asyifa Latief (/wiki/Asyifa_Latief) (2010) Astrid Ellena Yunadi (/wiki/Astrid_Yunadi) ( 2011 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2011) ) Ines Putri Tjiptadi Chandra (/wiki/Ines_Putri) ( 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2012) ) Vania Larissa Tan (/wiki/Vania_Larissa) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2013) ) Maria Asteria Sastrayu Rahajeng (/wiki/Maria_Rahajeng) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2014) ) Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) ( 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2015) ) Natasha Mannuela Halim ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) ) Achintya Holte Nilsen (/wiki/Achintya_Holte_Nilsen) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2017) ) Alya Nurshabrina Samadikun (/wiki/Alya_Nurshabrina) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2018) ) Princess Mikhaelia Audrey Megonondo (/wiki/Princess_Megonondo) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2019) ) Pricilia Carla Yules (/wiki/Pricilia_Carla_Yules) ( 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2020) ) Audrey Vanessa Susilo ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2022) ) 2005 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2005) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2011) 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2012) 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2013) 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2014) 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2015) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2017) 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2018) 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2019) 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2020) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia_2022) 2023 2024 v t e Miss World Indonesia titleholders (/wiki/Miss_World) Appointed representatives (1982-1983) Andi Botenri (/wiki/Andi_Botenri) ( 1982 (/wiki/Miss_World_1982) ) Titi Dwi Jayati (/wiki/Titi_DJ) ( 1983 (/wiki/Miss_World_1983) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (2005) Lindi Cistia Prabha ( 2005 (/wiki/Miss_World_2005) ) Miss Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) (2006-present) Kristania Virginia Besouw (/wiki/Kristania_Virginia_Besouw) ( 2006 (/wiki/Miss_World_2006) ) Kamidia Radisti (/wiki/Kamidia_Radisti) ( 2007 (/wiki/Miss_World_2007) ) Sandra Angelia Hadisiswantoro (/wiki/Sandra_Angelia) ( 2008 (/wiki/Miss_World_2008) ) Kerenina Sunny Halim (/wiki/Kerenina_Sunny_Halim) ( 2009 (/wiki/Miss_World_2009) ) Asyifa Latief (/wiki/Asyifa_Latief) ( 2010 (/wiki/Miss_World_2010) ) Astrid Ellena Yunadi (/wiki/Astrid_Yunadi) ( 2011 (/wiki/Miss_World_2011) ) Ines Putri Tjiptadi Chandra (/wiki/Ines_Putri) ( 2012 (/wiki/Miss_World_2012) ) Vania Larissa Tan (/wiki/Vania_Larissa) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_World_2013) ) Maria Asteria Sastrayu Rahajeng (/wiki/Maria_Rahajeng) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_World_2014) ) Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) ( 2015 (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) ) Natasha Mannuela Halim ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) ) Achintya Holte Nilsen (/wiki/Achintya_Holte_Nilsen) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_2017) ) Alya Nurshabrina Samadikun (/wiki/Alya_Nurshabrina) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_World_2018) ) Princess Mikhaelia Audrey Megonondo (/wiki/Princess_Megonondo) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_World_2019) ) Pricilia Carla Yules (/wiki/Pricilia_Carla_Yules) ( 2021 (/wiki/Miss_World_2021) ) Audrey Vanessa Susilo ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_World_2022) ) Miss Indonesia (Miss World Indonesia) (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) v t e Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) placements (/wiki/List_of_Miss_World_titleholders) 2nd Runner-up (/wiki/List_of_Miss_World_titleholders) Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) ( 2015 (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) ) Natasha Mannuela Halim ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) ) Top 5-6 (/wiki/List_of_Miss_World_titleholders) Pricilia Carla Yules (/wiki/Pricilia_Carla_Yules) ( 2021 (/wiki/Miss_World_2021) ) Top 10 Vania Larissa Tan (/wiki/Vania_Larissa) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_World_2013) ) Achintya Holte Nilsen (/wiki/Achintya_Holte_Nilsen) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_2017) ) Top 15-25 Astrid Ellena Indriana Yunadi (/wiki/Astrid_Yunadi) ( 2011 (/wiki/Miss_World_2011) ) Ines Putri Tjiptadi Chandra (/wiki/Ines_Putri) ( 2012 (/wiki/Miss_World_2012) ) Maria Asteria Sastrayu Rahajeng (/wiki/Maria_Rahajeng) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_World_2014) ) Top 30-40 Alya Nurshabrina Samadikun (/wiki/Alya_Nurshabrina) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_World_2018) ) Princess Mikhaelia Audrey Megonondo (/wiki/Princess_Megonondo) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_World_2019) ) Special Awards Astrid Ellena Indriana Yunadi (/wiki/Astrid_Yunadi) ( Beauty With a Purpose 2011 (/wiki/Miss_World_2011) ) Vania Larissa Tan (/wiki/Vania_Larissa) ( Miss World Talent 2013 (/wiki/Miss_World_2013) ) Maria Asteria Sastrayu Rahajeng (/wiki/Maria_Rahajeng) ( Beauty With a Purpose 2014 (/wiki/Miss_World_2014) 2014 (/wiki/Miss_World_2014) ) Maria Harfanti (/wiki/Maria_Harfanti) ( Beauty With a Purpose 2015 (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) , Continental Queen of Beauty (Asia) 2015 (/wiki/Miss_World_2015) ) Natasha Mannuela Halim ( Beauty With a Purpose 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) , Continental Queen of Beauty (Asia) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) ) Achintya Holte Nilsen (/wiki/Achintya_Holte_Nilsen) ( Beauty With a Purpose 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_2017) , Continental Queen of Beauty (Asia) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_2017) ), Best World Dress Designer Awards 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_2017) ) Pricilia Carla Yules (/wiki/Pricilia_Carla_Yules) ( Continental Queen of Beauty (Asia & Oceania) 2021 (/wiki/Miss_World_2021) ) Miss Indonesia (Miss World Indonesia) (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) List of Miss World titleholders (/wiki/List_of_Miss_World_titleholders) Beauty With a Purpose (/wiki/Beauty_With_a_Purpose) v t e Miss World 2016 (/wiki/Miss_World_2016) national titleholders Madeline Cowe (/wiki/Madeline_Cowe) Anastasia Lin (/wiki/Anastasia_Lin) Helena Heuser (/wiki/Helena_Heuser) Yaritza Reyes (/wiki/Yaritza_Reyes) Mirka Cabrera (/wiki/Mirka_Cabrera) Elizabeth Grant (/wiki/Elizabeth_Grant_(Miss_England_2016)) Nadeen Osama El Sayed (/wiki/Nadeen_Osama_El_Sayed) Morgane Edvige (/wiki/Morgane_Edvige) Antoinette Delali Kemavor (/wiki/Antoinette_Delali_Kemavor) Priyadarshini Chatterjee (/wiki/Priyadarshini_Chatterjee) Natasha Mannuela Halim Priyanka Yoshikawa (/wiki/Priyanka_Yoshikawa) Sandy Tabet (/wiki/Sandy_Tabet) Tatiana Kumar (/wiki/Tatiana_Kumar) Bayartsetseg Altangerel (/wiki/Bayartsetseg_Altangerel) Katarina Keković (/wiki/Katarina_Kekovi%C4%87) Myat Thiri Lwin (/wiki/Bella_Myat_Thiri_Lwin) Asmi Shrestha (/wiki/Asmi_Shrestha) Debbie Collins (/wiki/Debbie_Collins) Alessandra Bueno (/wiki/Alessandra_Bueno) Pierina Wong (/wiki/Pierina_Wong) Catriona Gray (/wiki/Catriona_Gray) Stephanie Del Valle (/wiki/Stephanie_Del_Valle) Yana Dobrovolskaya (/wiki/Yana_Dobrovolskaya) Christine Barbier (/wiki/Christine_Barbier) Daniella Walcott (/wiki/Daniella_Walcott) Leah Kagasa (/wiki/Leah_Kagasa) Audra Mari (/wiki/Audra_Mari) Diana Croce (/wiki/Diana_Croce) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/4078152200786714400000) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1154821269) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐rl2jt Cached time: 20240715074815 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.753 seconds Real time usage: 1.095 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10056/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natasha_Mannuela_Halim&oldid=1173250101 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natasha_Mannuela_Halim&oldid=1173250101) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1994 births (/wiki/Category:1994_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Miss World 2016 delegates (/wiki/Category:Miss_World_2016_delegates) Indonesian Christians (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_Christians) Indonesian female models (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_female_models) Indonesian film actresses (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_film_actresses) Indonesian beauty pageant winners (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_beauty_pageant_winners) Models from Jakarta (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Jakarta) People from Pangkal Pinang (/wiki/Category:People_from_Pangkal_Pinang) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from December 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_December_2020) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers)
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French fashion designer and businessman (1821–1892) Louis Vuitton Born ( 1821-08-04 ) 4 August 1821 Anchay, Jura (/wiki/Jura_(department)) , France Died 27 February 1892 (1892-02-27) (aged 70) Asnières-sur-Seine (/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-sur-Seine) , France Occupation Malletier (/wiki/Malletier) Known for The founder of Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) Spouse Clemence-Emilie Parriaux Children Georges Ferréol Vuitton (/wiki/Georges_Ferr%C3%A9ol_Vuitton) Louis Vuitton ( French: [lwi (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) vɥitɔ̃] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ⓘ (/wiki/File:Fr-LouisVuitton.ogg) ; 4 August 1821 – 27 February 1892) [1] (#cite_note-LV_Timeline-1) was a French fashion designer and businessman. He was the founder of the Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) brand of leather goods now owned by LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) . Prior to this, he had been appointed as trunk-maker to Empress Eugénie de Montijo (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo) , wife of Napoleon III (/wiki/Napoleon_III) . [2] (#cite_note-Contemporary_Fashion-2) Life and career [ edit ] In the courtyard of the Asnières workshops, around 1888, Louis, Georges and Gaston L. Vuitton (sitting on a bed trunk) Vuitton was born to a family of artisans, carpenters, and farmers. At the age of 10, his mother, a hat-maker, died, and his father followed soon after. Following a difficult relationship with his adoptive stepmother, Vuitton left his home in Jura (department) (/wiki/Jura_(department)) , in Franche-Comté (/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9) in the spring of 1835, at the age of 13. Taking odd jobs along the way, Vuitton traveled approximately 292 miles (470 km) to Paris (/wiki/Paris) . Arriving in 1837, in the middle of the Industrial Revolution (/wiki/Industrial_Revolution) , he apprenticed under Monsieur Marechal, a successful trunk maker and packer. Within a few years, Vuitton gained a reputation amongst Paris' more fashionable class as one of the city's premier practitioners of the craft. After the reestablishment of the French Empire under Napoleon III (/wiki/Napoleon_III) , Vuitton was hired as a personal trunk maker and packer for the Empress of The French (/wiki/Eugenie_de_Montijo) . She charged him with "packing the most beautiful clothes in a quite exquisite way." This provided Vuitton with a gateway to her other elite and royal clients who provided him with work for the rest of his career. In 1854, at age 33, Vuitton married 16-year-old Clemence-Emilie Parriaux. Soon after, he left Marechal's shop and opened his own trunk making and packing workshop in Paris. Outside of his shop hung a sign that read: "Securely packs the most fragile objects. Specializing in packing fashions." [3] (#cite_note-vogue.co.uk-3) In 1858, inspired by H.J. Cave & Sons (/wiki/H.J._Cave_%26_Sons) of London, Vuitton introduced his revolutionary rectangular canvas trunks at a time when the market had only rounded-top leather trunks. The demand for Vuitton's durable, lightweight designs spurred his expansion into a larger workshop in Asnières-sur-Seine (/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-sur-Seine) . The original pattern of the shellac embedded canvas was named "Damier". Vuitton also designed the world's first pick-proof lock. All lock patterns were safely kept at Vuitton's workrooms and registered with the owner's name in case another key was needed. In 1871, as a result of the Franco-Prussian War (/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War) , demand fell sharply, and Vuitton's workshop was in shambles. Many of his tools were stolen and his staff were gone. Vuitton rebuilt immediately, erecting a new shop at 1 Rue Scribe, next to a prestigious jockey club in the heart of Paris. In 1872, Vuitton introduced a new line, featuring beige monogrammed designs with a red stripe that would remain a signature of his brand long after he died in 1892 due to a severe and aggressive cancer in his brain ( glioblastoma (/wiki/Glioblastoma) ). [4] (#cite_note-Ehud_Laniado-4) References [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis Vuitton (designer) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_Vuitton_(designer)) . ^ (#cite_ref-LV_Timeline_1-0) "Timeline" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081219020321/http://www.louisvuitton.com/web/flash/index.jsp%3Bjsessionid%3DQEDUVBBTA0GZWCRBXUXFAHYKEG4RAUPU?buy=1&langue=en_US) . Louis Vuitton. Archived from the original (http://www.louisvuitton.com/web/flash/index.jsp;jsessionid=QEDUVBBTA0GZWCRBXUXFAHYKEG4RAUPU?buy=1&langue=en_US) on 19 December 2008 . Retrieved 3 March 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-Contemporary_Fashion_2-0) De Luna, Alexis (1995). Contemporary fashion . London: St. James Press. p. 750. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-55862-173-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue.co.uk_3-0) "Louis Vuitton" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/louis-vuitton) . Vogue . UK. 20 June 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160814000158/http://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/louis-vuitton) from the original on 14 August 2016 . Retrieved 26 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ehud_Laniado_4-0) "Diamond Portraits: Louis Vuitton" (https://www.ehudlaniado.com/home/index.php/news/entry/diamond-portraits-louis-vuitton) . Ehud Laniado . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200808125045/https://www.ehudlaniado.com/home/index.php/news/entry/diamond-portraits-louis-vuitton) from the original on 8 August 2020 . Retrieved 6 September 2018 . External links [ edit ] Louis Vuitton (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/37045393/louis-vuitton) on Find A Grave (/wiki/Find_A_Grave) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/45395773) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16583396x) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16583396x) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/129945315) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2004140238) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/259318) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64n09gm) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐26wpn Cached time: 20240720164827 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.445 seconds Real time usage: 0.601 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2269/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23491/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2363/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24587/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.325/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21321734/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 574.823 1 -total 23.98% 137.817 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.95% 120.399 1 Template:IPA-fr 20.74% 119.210 1 Template:IPA 17.22% 98.974 1 Template:Reflist 14.72% 84.587 1 Template:Authority_control_(arts) 13.79% 79.267 3 Template:Cite_web 12.69% 72.945 1 Template:Short_description 8.76% 50.330 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.08% 40.726 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31753327-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720164827 and revision id 1213648909. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Vuitton_(designer)&oldid=1213648909 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Vuitton_(designer)&oldid=1213648909) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:French_businesspeople_in_fashion) French chairpersons of corporations (/wiki/Category:French_chairpersons_of_corporations) People from Jura (department) (/wiki/Category:People_from_Jura_(department)) 19th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:19th-century_French_businesspeople) 1821 births (/wiki/Category:1821_births) 1892 deaths (/wiki/Category:1892_deaths) Hidden categories: Pages using the Phonos extension (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use British English from May 2011 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2011) Use dmy dates from February 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2022) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Pages with French IPA (/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA) Pages including recorded pronunciations (/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Articles with RKDartists identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_RKDartists_identifiers) Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SNAC-ID_identifiers)
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