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British biannual culture and fashion magazine Lula Editor-in-chief Nora Baldenweg (/wiki/Nora_Baldenweg) Former editors Leith Clark (/wiki/Leith_Clark) Sheila Single Photographer Damon Heath Categories Culture and fashion Frequency Biannual Founder Damon Heath Leith Clark (/wiki/Leith_Clark) Founded 2005 ; 19 years ago ( 2005 ) Country United Kingdom Language English Website Official website (https://lulamag.com/) Lula: Girl of My Dreams is a biannual British culture and fashion magazine launched in 2005 by fashion photographer Damon Heath and stylist Leith Clark (/wiki/Leith_Clark) . Clark, who served as both the founder and editor-in-chief of the magazine, created the publication as a reaction to the rampant materialism (/wiki/Materialism) she saw in other magazines. [1] (#cite_note-Rainey-1) The magazine has been praised for its unique vision and the strength of Clark's editorial vision. [1] (#cite_note-Rainey-1) History [ edit ] Clark served as both editor-in-chief and a contributing stylist to Lula from 2005 to 2013. In 2013 she announced that she was leaving the magazine in order to focus on the creation of her new magazine Violet Book (/wiki/Violet_Book) . She was replaced by Sheila Single. [2] (#cite_note-2) Though the magazine often used unknown or little known models as cover stars they also featured Kirsten Dunst (/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst) , Lizzy Caplan (/wiki/Lizzy_Caplan) , Charlotte Gainsbourg (/wiki/Charlotte_Gainsbourg) and Greta Gerwig (/wiki/Greta_Gerwig) . [ citation needed ] Under Clark's direction their issue featuring actress Charlotte Gainsbourg was their most successful copy. [3] (#cite_note-3) International edition [ edit ] In 2014 Lula launched Lula Japan , an edition of the magazine focused on reaching Japanese readers. [4] (#cite_note-4) The first Japanese issue featured actress and model Stacy Martin (/wiki/Stacy_Martin) on the cover photographed by Lula co-founder Damon Heath. [ citation needed ] Editor-in-chief [ edit ] Leith Clark, 2005-2013 Sheila Single, 2014-2017 Nora Baldenweg (/wiki/Nora_Baldenweg) , 2017–present References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Rainey, Venetia. "Dreamy Lula is a London Fashion Week "must read" (https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-fashion-britain-magazine/dreamy-lula-is-a-london-fashion-week-must-read-idUKTRE58O2WS20090925) " (https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-fashion-britain-magazine/dreamy-lula-is-a-london-fashion-week-must-read-idUKTRE58O2WS20090925) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Mau, Dhani. "Lula Magazine Announces New Editor in Chief and Creative Director" (https://fashionista.com/2014/03/lula-magazine-announces-new-editor-in-chief-and-creative-director) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Prickett, Sarah Nicole. "Leith Clark's Lula" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/8809/1/leith-clarks-lula) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Lula Magazine Goes to Japan" (http://www.theswellelife.com/swelle_life/2014/03/lula-magazine-goes-to-japan.html) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://lulamag.com/) Lula (https://www.instagram.com/lulaofficial/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Lula (https://www.instagram.com/lula_japan/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐ct6jh Cached time: 20240713211717 Cache expiry: 1564965 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.293 seconds Real time usage: 0.410 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1593/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19827/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3142/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17495/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.179/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5537005/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 389.988 1 -total 32.23% 125.684 1 Template:Reflist 28.33% 110.496 1 Template:Infobox_magazine 28.09% 109.533 4 Template:Cite_web 27.18% 106.005 1 Template:Infobox 17.09% 66.664 1 Template:Short_description 11.95% 46.598 2 Template:Citation_needed 11.36% 44.302 2 Template:Official_website 10.08% 39.322 2 Template:Fix 9.85% 38.397 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58733681-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713211717 and revision id 1233455183. 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Ukrainian artist (born 1983) Yuliya Polishchuk Taken at White Milano Show Born 14 March 1983 Kyiv, Ukraine Education University of the Arts, London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts,_London) Occupation Fashion designer Known for MissU, Yuliya Polishchuk, Fashion Move On Labels MissU, Yuliya Polishchuk Website yuliyapolishchuk (http://yuliyapolishchuk.com) .com (http://yuliyapolishchuk.com) Yuliya Polishchuk ( Ukrainian (/wiki/Ukrainian_language) : Юлія Поліщук ; born 14 March 1983) is a London-based fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) who was born in Ukraine. Career [ edit ] Polishchuk launched MissU in 2012. [1] (#cite_note-1) 'Very often women are hiding the real "I" and are afraid to let the world know about it. I'm trying to create things with a real identity and elegance', the designer explained during an interview. Following this slogan, in March 2013 Yuliya Polishchuk has presented a new line of evening dresses under her own name, which has been recognized by the audience and fashion critics in Ukraine. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) A woman from Yuliya Polishchuk is sophisticated and elegant. Since March 2012, Polishchuk is a resident of the Ukrainian Fashion Week in Kyiv. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) At the moment her portfolio includes two different fashion labels. The MissU trademark has been developed specifically for young women: they are mischievous and thoughtful, careless and serious but at the same time both feminine and romantic. Whereas, Yuliya Polishchuk brand is dedicated to confident and successful women whose unique and charming style are enhanced by elegant and exclusive evening dresses. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Yuliya's work was presented for the first time in February 2009, during Sunrise in Baku Fashion Project (/wiki/Sunrise_in_Baku_Fashion_Project) . [11] (#cite_note-11) The fashion project was broadcast for a month on Fashion TV (/wiki/Fashion_TV) (Europe, America and Middle East), [12] (#cite_note-12) BBC (/wiki/BBC) Azeri, [13] (#cite_note-13) and MTV (/wiki/MTV) , and Yuliya's work attracted much of the spotlight during the show. [14] (#cite_note-14) Other activities [ edit ] Yuliya Polishchuk actively supports education and student programs in the fashion industry, and regularly delivers lectures at universities in London and Kyiv. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Recently, the designer initiated Fashion Move On, a unique art project that she run in partnership with the Ukrainian Fashion Week. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) The project was created to support and develop collaborations between designers, filmmakers and contemporary artists. The collaboration occurred in the form of short films that were officially presented to the press and public during the Ukrainian Fashion Week. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "MissU by Yuliya Polishchuk Fall Winter 2012/2013" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xm22wRNM6ko) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/Xm22wRNM6ko) from the original on 20 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Elle Magazine: Yuliya Polishchuk - Ukrainian Fashion Week" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130330031301/http://elle.ua/moda/podium/Ukrainian-Fashion-Week-osen-zima-2013-2014/Yuliya-POLISHCHUK/Yuliya-POLISHCHUK) . Archived from the original (http://elle.ua/moda/podium/Ukrainian-Fashion-Week-osen-zima-2013-2014/Yuliya-POLISHCHUK/Yuliya-POLISHCHUK) on 30 March 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Backstage UFW день 5" (https://vogue.ua/article/fashion/backstage-ufw-den-5120.html) . Vogue UA . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Лучшее платье" (https://lady.tochka.net/nomination-28-luchshee-plate/) . Tochka.net . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Задай вопрос Юлии Полищук" (https://conferences.tochka.net/2089-zaday-vopros-yulii-polishchuk/) . Tochka.net . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Ukrainian Fashion Week: Yuliya Polishchuk" (http://fashionweek.ua/en/search?q=yuliya+polishchuk) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "- YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvuxctEanfY) . www.youtube.com . [ dead YouTube link ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) "BACKSTAGE. Показы в рамках проекта Fresh Fashion осень/зима 2012-13 ч2" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEKBLc2m-nw) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/AEKBLc2m-nw) from the original on 20 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Magazine Zefir - Interview (http://zefir.ua/index/read-news/id/597/marker/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221602/http://zefir.ua/index/read-news/id/597/marker/) March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Юлия Полищук: "Не покупайте одежду от одного модельера" > Стиль > Еженедельник 2000" (http://2000.net.ua/weekend/dlja-vas/stil/79163) . Archived (https://archive.today/20130615192908/http://2000.net.ua/weekend/dlja-vas/stil/79163) from the original on 15 June 2013 . Retrieved 13 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan - "Sunrise in Baku" fashion project was held in London" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100427015159/http://www.azembassy.org.uk/xeberler.php?article_id=20090304095302604&page=0402&lang=eng) . Archived from the original (http://www.azembassy.org.uk/xeberler.php?article_id=20090304095302604&page=0402&lang=eng) on 27 April 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "- YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__LZSxgEQpM&feature=g-upl&context=G26ce6dcAUAAAAAAADAA) . www.youtube.com . [ dead YouTube link ] ^ (#cite_ref-13) "BBCAzeri.com | Ön səhifə | Londonda 'Bakı Şəfəqi' moda sərgisi keçirilib" (https://www.bbc.com/azeri/news/story/2009/03/090301_baku_sunrise) . www.bbc.com . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "- YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKFjo0BbWeY&feature=g-upl&context=G22a1d92AUAAAAAAAAAA) . www.youtube.com . [ dead YouTube link ] ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Майстер-клас провідного дизайнера одягу" (http://knukim.edu.ua/mayster-klas-providnogo-dizaynera-odyagu/) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Всеукраїнський фестиваль дизайну і реклами КНУКіМ "PRO-ART Design: Новий вимір" зібрав талановиту молодь з усієї України" (http://knukim.edu.ua/vseukrayinskiy-festival-dizaynu-i-reklami-knukim-pro-art-design-noviy-vimir-zibrav-talanovitu-molod-z-usiyeyi-ukrayini/) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "- YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxqZo-bdHw) . www.youtube.com . [ dead YouTube link ] ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Backstage. Показ Юлии Полищук весна-лето 2013" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYElfBmVOcw) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/BYElfBmVOcw) from the original on 20 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "ELLE.ua - Fashion Move On Presentation March 2013" (http://elle.ua/moda/modny-blog/fashion-move-on-presentation-on-ufw) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Презентация проекта Fashion Move On" (https://jetsetter.ua/ru/event/prezentatsiya-proekta-fashion-move-on/) . JetSetter . Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Ukraine (/wiki/Portal:Ukraine) Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐7qgj4 Cached time: 20240710184209 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.687 seconds Real time usage: 0.854 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2940/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42068/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4398/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72352/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.472/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17520202/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 813.341 1 -total 38.80% 315.575 1 Template:Reflist 26.69% 217.099 19 Template:Cite_web 20.97% 170.572 1 Template:Infobox_person 15.90% 129.315 1 Template:Lang-uk 10.01% 81.443 1 Template:Short_description 6.74% 54.812 4 Template:Dead_Youtube_links 6.19% 50.307 2 Template:Pagetype 5.64% 45.906 4 Template:Fix 5.63% 45.817 1 Template:Portal_bar Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:22131014-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710184209 and revision id 1217055325. 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Clothing worn by children Children's clothing needs to be useful for playing. Children's clothing or kids' clothing is clothing (/wiki/Clothing) for children (/wiki/Children) who have not yet grown to full height. Children's clothing is often more casual (/wiki/Casual_clothing) than adult clothing, fit for play (/wiki/Play_(activity)) and rest. In the early 21st century, however, childrenswear became heavily influenced by trends in adult fashion. Grandma bait is a retail industry (/wiki/Retail_industry) term for expensive children's clothing. [1] (#cite_note-Designer-1) Due to the rise of social media platforms such as Instagram, celebrities and fashion bloggers have been using their accounts to post pictures of their children wearing luxury " street style (/wiki/Street_style) " clothing, thus inspiring parents to dress their children as they would dress themselves. Good quality, well-designed garments are a priority for some parents, and children's clothing is getting a prime place in top-label stores and high-end fashion retail outlets. Clothes are also getting separately designed for boys and girls at a very early age. [2] (#cite_note-Winifred-2) History [ edit ] Childhood is distinct from certain parameters in all societies, from infancy to adolescence; societal expectations about children's abilities, limitations, and how they look are present at all stages of their development. In every era, clothing plays an important role in the "look" of childhood. An overview of the history of children's clothing reveals changes. Early children's clothing [ edit ] Identically dressed daughter and son in an elegant Parisian home (1878) Children, regardless of gender, shared styles and cuts before the twentieth century. From the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries, both men and women wore gowns, tunics, and robes. The gown became a thing for women, newborns, and toddlers only after men's attire evolved into two-piece clothes, shirts, and breeches. Children's styles evolved from gowns to adult garments as they grew older. [3] (#cite_note-3) Gowns for women and babies [ edit ] Swaddling was popular for a short period, but ankle-length white frocks and slip skirts for babies and crawling toddlers were popular around the 1500s since women wore ultra-fine muslin and chemise dresses in the 1700s, which looked remarkably similar to the attire worn by young children since the middle of the century. Children's gowns were given additional accessories like waist belts as kid's fashion grew. Another look that gave the ideal example of women's neoclassical fashion was this one. Most women, girls, and toddler boys wore garments made of lightweight fabrics like silk or cotton during the 1800s. [4] (#cite_note-Gurel-4) Girls' dresses [ edit ] A girl in a dress. While men's clothes changed dramatically as they grew older in the nineteenth century, girls' dresses stayed relatively unchanged. Women's attire did not alter much in terms of cut or stylistic detail, from their birth robes to the skirted outfits they wore their entire lives. The fundamental distinction between children's and women's fashion was that the length of the dress steadily increased, eventually reaching the floor by mid-adolescence. [2] (#cite_note-Winifred-2) [5] (#cite_note-Carters-5) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_clothing&action=edit§ion=) . ( March 2020 ) Function [ edit ] Children's clothing includes sports uniforms, which allow the children move freely to play the game, as well as to show which team each player belongs to Function and design must meet at the right proportions in children's clothes for them to be popular and accepted. Fabric choices, openings and fastenings, fit and ease, and trimmings used are all major considerations when designing children's wear. Some other factors a designer designing for children's clothing should focus on are the changing shape of the growing kid and different proportions of the different parts of the body. Leisurewear and sportswear are two very prominent design styles in children's clothing. School uniforms are common around the world. School uniforms (/wiki/School_uniforms) are another type of specialized clothes for children. Sizes [ edit ] American sizes for baby clothes are usually based on the child's weight. European sizes are usually based on the child's height. These may be expressed as an estimated age of the child, e.g., size 6 months (or 3–6 months) is expected to fit a child 61 to 67 centimetres (24 to 26 in) in height and 5.7 to 7.5 kilograms (13 to 17 lb) in weight. [5] (#cite_note-Carters-5) Children's clothing is also sometimes worn by adults who are very short (/wiki/Short_stature) . [4] (#cite_note-Gurel-4) Children's clothing and gender [ edit ] Further information: Gendered associations of pink and blue (/wiki/Gendered_associations_of_pink_and_blue) Like most children in the late 19th century, when he was a toddler, the future US president, Franklin D. Roosevelt (/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt) , wore white dresses. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) Gender-specific clothing for young children was rare throughout most of history, for purely practical reasons. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) This included both the type of clothing and the color. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) Before birth, the parents did not know whether the baby would be a boy or girl; white clothes were easier to clean; and less clothing was needed, since all of it could be used for any baby, instead of parents feeling like they should buy or make a full set of pink dresses for one baby and then a full set of blue overalls for the next baby. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) 1912 advertisement for boy's clothing was titled "A Boyish Dress for a Real Boy". Before the 1940s, young boys and girls alike wore short dresses. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) In the US, during the 1940s and 1950s, boys were dressed like their fathers, which meant shirts and trousers and the same colors that their fathers wore. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) From the mid-1960s through the mid-1980s, the fashion for American girls was unisex clothing (/wiki/Unisex_clothing) , such as jeans and T-shirts. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) Thus American fashion transitioned from having both boys and girls frequently wear dresses in the 19th century to having neither always wearing dresses by the 1970s. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) In the 1970s, girls and boys could wear similar styles of clothes. Feminine frills were not fashionable. This boy wears a blue shirt and shorts. This girl wears a pink shirt and jeans. Gender-specific colors emerged in the middle of the 20th century. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) Clothing was expensive, and white clothes could be bleached when they became dirty. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) Consequently, colored clothes were not used for babies until the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) , and at that time, any child could be dressed in any color. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) The color code (/wiki/Color_code) of using pink primarily for girls' clothes and blue primarily for boys' clothes did not appear until the 1940s onwards. [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In fact, in the first part of the 20th century, light blue clothes were recommended for American girls, as being the more "delicate and dainty" color, and pink was recommended for boys because it was the "stronger color". [6] (#cite_note-Maglaty-6) Other color-coding schemes recommended that the colors be selected to coordinate with the child's hair (/wiki/Human_hair_color) or eye color (/wiki/Eye_color) , with blue being recommended for blond hair or blue eyes. A boy and a girl, both wearing jeans, knit shirts, and sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Children's clothing in the English-speaking world has become increasingly segregated, with young girls especially being expected to wear pink. Peggy Orenstein (/wiki/Peggy_Orenstein) writes in her book, Cinderella Ate My Daughter (/wiki/Cinderella_Ate_My_Daughter) , that pink-coloured and princess-themed clothes are almost ubiquitous for young girls in shops in the United States. She sees this as problematic because it limits girls to not only one colour, but also to one spectrum of experience, and it "firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance." [8] (#cite_note-8) In reaction to this situation, a campaign group Pinkstinks (/wiki/Pinkstinks) was formed in the UK in 2008 [9] (#cite_note-Guest-9) to raise awareness of the gender stereotyping (/wiki/Gender_stereotyping) of children. [10] (#cite_note-Rustin_2-10) Further, clothing companies have started to sell clothes that are unisex or gender-neutral, such as the Swedish company Polarn O. Pyret (/wiki/Polarn_O._Pyret) , [11] (#cite_note-11) while others have been founded specifically to offer such items, such as Tootsa MacGinty (/wiki/Tootsa_MacGinty) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) See also [ edit ] Infant clothing (/wiki/Infant_clothing) Lolita fashion (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) Sailor suit (/wiki/Sailor_suit) Youth culture (/wiki/Youth_culture) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Designer_1-0) Horyn, Cathy (25 April 2012). "The Rise of Designer Children's Lines" (https://www.kidostars.com/) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220112013745/https://www.kidostars.com/) from the original on 12 January 2022 . Retrieved 12 September 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Winifred, Aldrich (2011). Metric pattern cutting for children's wear and baby wear . Wiley. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Albee, Sarah (2022-03-08). "The Harrowing History of 18th-Century Children's Clothing" (https://historyofyesterday.com/the-harrowing-history-of-18th-century-childrens-clothing-8d55bc5bbb59) . Medium . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220829062322/https://historyofyesterday.com/the-harrowing-history-of-18th-century-childrens-clothing-8d55bc5bbb59) from the original on 2022-08-29 . Retrieved 2022-05-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gurel, Lois (1979). Dimensions of Dress and Adornment: A Book of Readings . p. 100. ^ Jump up to: a b Size chart (http://www.carters.com/Sizing/cs-sizing,default,pg.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130531092331/https://www.carters.com/Sizing/cs-sizing,default,pg.html) 2013-05-31 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) from Carter’s and OshKosh B’gosh ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Maglaty, Jeanne (April 8, 2011) When Did Girls Start Wearing Pink? Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230213100526/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/when-did-girls-start-wearing-pink-1370097/?no-ist=) 2023-02-13 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Paoletti, Jo Barraclough. Pink and Blue: Telling the Boys from the Girls in America (/wiki/Pink_and_Blue:_Telling_the_Boys_from_the_Girls_in_America) . Indiana University Press (/wiki/Indiana_University_Press) , 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Orenstein, Peggy Cinderella Ate My Daughter Harper Paperbacks, 2011, p.34 ^ (#cite_ref-Guest_9-0) Katy Guest (18 December 2011). "Girls will be girls: The battle for our children's hearts and minds this Christmas" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/christmas/gifts/girls-will-be-girls-the-battle-for-our-childrens-hearts-and-minds-this-christmas-6278498.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120923224340/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/christmas/gifts/girls-will-be-girls-the-battle-for-our-childrens-hearts-and-minds-this-christmas-6278498.html) from the original on 23 September 2012 . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rustin_2_10-0) Susanna Rustin (21 April 2012). "Why girls aren't pretty in pink" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/apr/21/girls-are-not-pretty-in-pink) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210421064211/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/apr/21/girls-are-not-pretty-in-pink) from the original on 21 April 2021 . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Wade, Lisa (Aug 5, 2010) Why Not Gender Neutral Clothes Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230811145332/https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2010/08/05/why-not-gender-neutral-clothes/) 2023-08-11 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) thesocietypages.org ^ (#cite_ref-12) (7 February 2012) Are we letting our little girls down by dressing them in pink? Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220727164123/https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/letting-little-girls-down-dressing-2041305) 2022-07-27 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Wales Online (/wiki/Wales_Online) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Unisex fashion: Hey boy, hey girl Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010337/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/unisex-fashion-hey-boy-hey-girl-2304808.html) 2017-11-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) External links [ edit ] Fashion Plates of 19th & 20th Century Children's Clothing (http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/collection/p15324coll12/searchterm/children/field/all/mode/all/conn/and/order/title/ad/asc) from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936460w) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936460w) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/4163828-1) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007285510205171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85023582) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119733&CON_LNG=ENG) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐sf7b2 Cached time: 20240714034022 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.693 seconds Real time usage: 1.109 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1349/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23394/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1341/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36949/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.483/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6982272/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 806.898 1 -total 31.06% 250.651 1 Template:Reflist 24.44% 197.174 1 Template:Authority_control 20.59% 166.116 3 Template:Cite_news 18.30% 147.690 1 Template:Short_description 11.05% 89.193 1 Template:Expand_section 10.06% 81.151 1 Template:Ambox 7.98% 64.412 7 Template:Main_other 7.94% 64.062 2 Template:Pagetype 7.63% 61.602 1 Template:Further Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2835903-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714034022 and revision id 1190091786. 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/L.E.I.) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "L.E.I." (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22L.E.I.%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22L.E.I.%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22L.E.I.%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22L.E.I.%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22L.E.I.%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22L.E.I.%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) l.e.i. (an acronym that stands for Life Energy Intelligence ; the logo is usually uncapitalized, but the newer logo is stylized as L.e.i. ) is an American clothing (/wiki/Clothing) company (/wiki/Company) , mainly targeted at teenage girls and young women. Launched in 1989, l.e.i. is owned by Jones Apparel Group (/wiki/Jones_Apparel_Group) and is headquartered in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand is sold in many retail stores (/wiki/Retail_store) , however they do not have stores of their own. l.e.i. products are available at Wal-Mart (/wiki/Wal-Mart) , as well as many online stores. Products [ edit ] l.e.i. sells different types of clothes that are aimed at preteen/teenage girls, such as shirts, pants, skirts, and swimwear. They are most popular for selling jeans (/wiki/Jeans) . In addition, l.e.i. has an extensive lineup of shoes and accessories, including jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) , handbags (/wiki/Handbags) , and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) . l.e.i. designs clothing that is unique and fashionable for teen girls, proclaiming that they will have style, with a "hint of attitude". Marketing [ edit ] Country singer (/wiki/Country_singer) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) promoted l.e.i. jeans for Wal-Mart (/wiki/Wal-Mart) from 2007 to 2009. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hofmann, Deborah (August 18, 1991). "90's Denim: Relaxed And Blue and More" (https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/18/news/90-s-denim-relaxed-and-blue-and-more.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved July 15, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Taylor Swift L.E.I. Jeans Promos (http://www.beyondhollywood.com/gallery/taylor-swift-lei-jeans-promos/) . Retrieved February 16, 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080906180506/http://www.beyondhollywood.com/gallery/taylor-swift-lei-jeans-promos/) September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/121792678) National Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007303624005171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2006020361) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐qk82n Cached time: 20240714055804 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.291 seconds Real time usage: 0.420 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 247/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15014/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 83/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11378/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.204/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3794331/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 351.156 1 -total 41.36% 145.225 1 Template:Reflist 32.84% 115.327 1 Template:Cite_web 30.92% 108.574 1 Template:Authority_control 26.95% 94.624 1 Template:More_citations_needed 22.53% 79.119 1 Template:Ambox 4.18% 14.663 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 3.31% 11.615 1 Template:Webarchive 0.58% 2.034 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21556915-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714055804 and revision id 1138979774. 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Former museum in Harlem and Washington, D.C. The Black Fashion Museum is a former museum that traced the historical contributions of black designers and clothing makers to fashion. Originally established in Harlem (/wiki/Harlem,_New_York) in 1979 by Lois K. Alexander Lane (/wiki/Lois_K._Alexander_Lane) , and relocated to Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) in 1994, the museum operated until 2007, when the Black Fashion Museum Collection was accepted into the collections of the National Museum of African American History and Culture (/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture) . [1] (#cite_note-wapo-1) [2] (#cite_note-chit-2) History [ edit ] In 1963, Lois K. Alexander Lane (/wiki/Lois_K._Alexander_Lane) was working on her master's thesis focused on the role of African Americans in the retail industry. This led her on a path to research and collect black fashion memorabilia throughout the country. [3] (#cite_note-3) The museum was established in Harlem in 1966 by Alexander Lane as a means of telling African American history through fashion. The museum was an affiliate of the Harlem Institute of Fashion. Alexander Lane eventually received a $20,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Arts (/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts) to develop the Black Fashion Museum's collection. On October 21st, 1979, the museum moved to a Harlem brownstone (/wiki/Brownstone) on 155 West 126th street (between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard (/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr._Boulevard) and Lenox Avenue (/wiki/Lenox_Avenue) ). The Civil Court judge Bruce M. Wright (/wiki/Bruce_M._Wright) cut the inaugural ribbon. [4] (#cite_note-4) [1] (#cite_note-wapo-1) [5] (#cite_note-hwm-5) Upon its move to Washington DC, the museum was located in a two-story row house on Vermont Avenue (/wiki/Vermont_Avenue) and faced increasing pressure due to the economy and potential damage to the collection from the lack of a museum quality HVAC system. [1] (#cite_note-wapo-1) In 2007, Alexander-Lane's daughter, Joyce Bailey, donated the Black Fashion Museum's entire holdings to the National Museum of African American History and Culture. [1] (#cite_note-wapo-1) Collection [ edit ] Its collection comprised more than 700 garments, 300 accessories, and 60 boxes of archival material collected by Lois K. Alexander Lane throughout her life. Examples are: Replicas of ballgowns created by Elizabeth Keckley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Keckley) , the once-enslaved dressmaker who became confidante to Mary Todd Lincoln (/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln) . [2] (#cite_note-chit-2) Clothing and bonnets worn by slaves in the mid-1800s Elaborately constructed opera cape made by a former slave Beige-patterned skirt worn by an enslaved child in Leesburg, Va. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Gowns by Ann Lowe (/wiki/Ann_Lowe) , a pioneering African American designer whose patrons included the Rockefellers (/wiki/Rockefeller_family) , the Du Ponts (/wiki/Du_Pont_family) , the Vanderbilts (/wiki/Vanderbilt_family) , and Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) , for whom she designed her wedding dress for her marriage to John F. Kennedy. [7] (#cite_note-untold-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Dress sewn by Rosa Parks (/wiki/Rosa_Parks) shortly before her famous arrest in Montgomery, Ala. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) The original Tin Man (/wiki/Tin_Woodman) costume designed by Geoffrey Holder (/wiki/Geoffrey_Holder) for the 1975 Broadway musical The Wiz (/wiki/The_Wiz) . [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Givhan, Robin (May 23, 2010). "Black Fashion Museum collection finds a fine home with Smithsonian" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/21/AR2010052101654.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . ^ Jump up to: a b Burch, Audra D.S. (December 20, 1998). "D.C.'s Black Fashion Museum Traces Untold Story" (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-12-20/travel/9812200380_1_black-designers-black-fashion-museum-national-museum) . Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Trufelman, Avery (/wiki/Avery_Trufelman) (21 June 2023). "The Black Fashion Museum" (https://articlesofinterest.substack.com/p/the-black-fashion-museum) . Articles of Interest (/wiki/Articles_of_Interest) (Podcast) . Retrieved 1 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Wright, Delores (2020-08-18). "Mrs. Lincoln's Inaugural Dressmaker Elizabeth Keckley |1/1980 | ROUTES" (https://routes-mag.com/issue-1980-1-6/) . routes-mag.com . Retrieved 2024-03-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-hwm_5-0) "The Harlem Black Fashion Museum Founded By Ms. Lois Alexander Lane" (https://www.harlemworldmagazine.com/the-harlem-black-fashion-museum-founded-by-ms-lois-alexander-lane/) . Harlem World Magazine . 1 January 2017 . Retrieved 9 August 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Black Fashion Museum Collection" (http://nmaahc.si.edu/Collections/BlackFashion) . Retrieved 19 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-untold_7-0) Alleyne, Allyssia (23 December 2020). "The untold story of Ann Lowe, the Black designer behind Jackie Kennedy's wedding dress" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/ann-lowe-jackie-kennedy-wedding-dress/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 9 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Black Fashion Museum, African American Heritage Trail" (https://www.culturaltourismdc.org/portal/black-fashion-museum-african-american-heritage-trail) . Cultural Tourism DC . Retrieved 19 March 2016 . External links [ edit ] Black Fashion Museum Collection (https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/collection/search?edan_q=*:*&edan_fq%5B%5D=set_name:%22Black+Fashion+Museum+Collection%22&edan_fq%5B%5D=name%3A%22Black+Fashion+Museum%22) on Nmaahc.si.edu NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐wncjw Cached time: 20240721143854 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.203 seconds Real time usage: 0.358 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 566/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13564/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 578/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30511/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.125/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4180146/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 339.972 1 -total 60.36% 205.208 1 Template:Reflist 47.06% 159.991 3 Template:Cite_news 36.85% 125.294 1 Template:Short_description 19.73% 67.067 3 Template:Main_other 19.13% 65.021 1 Template:SDcat 13.32% 45.282 2 Template:Pagetype 4.56% 15.518 4 Template:Cite_web 1.84% 6.241 1 Template:Cite_podcast 0.70% 2.370 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49856869-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721143854 and revision id 1225728708. 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South African social media personality This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Faith Nketsi" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Faith+Nketsi%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Faith+Nketsi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Faith+Nketsi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Faith+Nketsi%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Faith+Nketsi%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Faith+Nketsi%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Mapholoso Faith Nketsi-Njilo Born Faith Mapholoso Nketsi ( 1994-12-30 ) December 30, 1994 (age 29) Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) , South Africa Nationality South African Occupation(s) Reality TV star, Influencer, model, entrepreneur Children Sky Njilo Parent(s) Linky Modise, Leonard Nketsi Relatives Kabelo Nketsi Modeling information Hair color Dark brown Website faithnketsi (http://faithnketsi.com) .com (http://faithnketsi.com) Mapholoso Faith Nketsi is a South African influencer (/wiki/Influencer) , model and media personality. She is well known for being a member of a dance group in her younger years. After she left the group she became a reality TV star and scored a reality show called Have Faith that airs on MTV (/wiki/MTV) and Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) . She also works with multiple brands and has gained a large social media following. [ citation needed ] Early life and career [ edit ] Faith was born in Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) . She started her career when she was sixteen years old. Faith gained media attention when she was part of a girl hip hop dance crew. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She appeared in the music video of Cassper Nyovest (/wiki/Cassper_Nyovest) 's single, "Tito Mboweni." [2] (#cite_note-2) On 30 July 2018, she launched 'Get Snatched', a diet and workout programme. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In November 2019, Nketsi starred in her own reality show called "#HaveFaith" which premiered on MTV Africa (/wiki/MTV_Africa) in South Africa, making her the first woman with her own reality show on the channel. [5] (#cite_note-5) Faith has over 1.3 million Instagram followers as of December 2019. [6] (#cite_note-6) Faith launched her own music career in 2019, working with DJ Maphorisa (/wiki/DJ_Maphorisa) . [7] (#cite_note-:1-7) Her first EP (/wiki/Extended_play) , Disrespectful , has seven tracks and is produced by Blaqboy Music. [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] Faith is a social media influencer with 2.4 million followers on Instagram. [ citation needed ] She is one of South Africa's most popular influencers (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) . [ citation needed ] She was married to a scammer businessman Nzuzo Njilo on 10 April 2022-2023. [9] (#cite_note-9) Faith has since become a mother. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:0_1-0) "Faith Nketsi Has A New Ride And We Are Jealous" (https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/you-have-to-see-faith-nketsi-new-ride/) . Cosmopolitan SA . 11 March 2019 . Retrieved 29 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Tjiya, Emmanuel (25 October 2019). "Faith Nketsi's belief pays off with new reality show" (https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-10-25-faith-nketsis-belief-pays-off-with-new-reality-show/) . SowetanLIVE . Retrieved 8 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Faith Nketsi launches "Get Snatched" diet plan" (https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/faith-nketsi-launches-get-snatched-diet-plan/) . Political Analysis South Africa . 31 July 2018 . Retrieved 29 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Obaoye, Adekunle (25 October 2019). "Faith Nketsi Biography, Early Life, Career, Career, Husband" (https://mwachangu.com.ng/faith-nketsi-biography-early-life-career-career-husband/) . Mwachangu . Retrieved 30 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Faith Nketsi causes a storm with new EP, 'Disrespectful' (https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-11-11-faith-nketsi-causes-a-storm-with-new-ep-disrespectful/) " (https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-11-11-faith-nketsi-causes-a-storm-with-new-ep-disrespectful/) . TimesLIVE . Retrieved 29 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Nkesti, Faith (29 December 2019). "THEE FAITH NKESTI (@faith.nkesti)•Instagram photos and videos" (https://www.instagram.com/faith.nkesti) . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_7-0) Majavu, noxolo (13 December 2019). "Faith Nketsi claps back at music haters: I use the negativity to fuel me" (https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-12-13-faith-nketsi-claps-back-at-music-haters-i-use-the-negativity-to-fuel-me/) . TimesLIVE . Retrieved 1 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Dube, Sindiso (23 December 2019). "Zimbabwe: Twerk Queen for Ginimbi Victoria Falls Party" (https://allafrica.com/stories/201912230026.html) . The Standard (All Africa) . Retrieved 1 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Ngcobo, Nokuthula (11 April 2022). "Mrs Njilo: Faith Nketsi marries wealthy businessman Nzuzo [watch]" (https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/mrs-njilo-faith-nketsi-married-wealthy-businessman-nzuzo-range-rover-rapper-baddie-instagram-themba-anc-watch/amp/) . The South African . Retrieved 13 April 2022 . 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American hairstylist For other people named Garren, see Garren (disambiguation) (/wiki/Garren_(disambiguation)) . Garren Born Gary Joseph DeFazio 1949 Niagara Falls, New York (/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York) Occupation Hairstylist Years active 1965–present Partner Thom Priano (1975–present) Garren is an American hairstylist. He has worked in the fashion industry since the 1970s. Early life [ edit ] Garren was born in Niagara Falls, New York (/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York) , in 1949. As a teenager, he became interested in fashion and hair after being exposed to Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [1] (#cite_note-1) He began his career working out of his parents' basement doing the hair of his mother's friends. His guidance counselor at La Salle High School (/wiki/La_Salle_High_School_(Niagara_Falls,_New_York)) opposed his decision to be a hairdresser, but his family supported him. At age 16, he attended night school and then worked for his brother's salon. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Garren moved to New York City in 1975 where he worked in the hair salon at Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) . He received his big break when he was offered a chance to style Christie Brinkley (/wiki/Christie_Brinkley) 's hair for a Vogue shoot. He also recut and straightened Farrah Fawcett (/wiki/Farrah_Fawcett) 's hair from its famous feathered look, and styled Brooke Shields in her 1981 Calvin Klein ads. In 1982, Garren moved to the Glemby Salon in the Plaza Hotel (/wiki/Plaza_Hotel) where he was responsible for creating Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) 's Marilyn Monroe-inspired hairstyle. [3] (#cite_note-yahoo-3) In the early 1990s, he began to work extensively with Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) , styling her runway shows. In 1991, he opened up his own salon, Garren New York, in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) . He cut Kristen McMenamy (/wiki/Kristen_McMenamy) 's long red hair short, which he then dyed black. [4] (#cite_note-4) He gave a pixie haircut to Lucie de la Falaise (/wiki/Lucie_de_la_Falaise) in 1992, [5] (#cite_note-5) and a mod-inspired bob to Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) in 1995. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1998, he styled Erin O'Connor for Vogue and convinced her to cut her hair short and dye it a darker color. He also styled Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) for Vanity Fair , Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) , Oprah (/wiki/Oprah) and Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) . In 2012, he provided Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) with her now-signature Karlie bob. In January 2015, Garren closed his Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) salon, but still styles select customers privately. [7] (#cite_note-7) Influences [ edit ] Garren cites his major influences as Mr. Kenneth (/wiki/Mr._Kenneth) , Vidal Sassoon (/wiki/Vidal_Sassoon) and Alexandre de Paris (/wiki/Louis_Alexandre_Raimon) . [3] (#cite_note-yahoo-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Iverson, Annemarie (2010). In Fashion . Ten Speed Press. p. 152. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0307717665 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Hair Master" (http://www.allure.com/story/garren-hair-master) . Allure . February 28, 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b "Meet Garren, the Legendary Hairstylist Behind Farrah, Karlie and More" (https://www.yahoo.com/beauty/meet-garren-the-legendary-hairstylist-behind-115029694188.html) . Yahoo Beauty. March 30, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Robinson, Roxanne (December 13, 2018). "Remember When Kristen McMenamy Had No Eyebrows?" (https://www.yahoo.com/now/remember-kristen-mcmenamy-had-no-200000331.html) . www.yahoo.com . Retrieved 27 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gross, Michael (15 March 1993). "All The Pretty Young Things" (https://books.google.com/books?id=FRcAAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22lucie+de+la+falaise%22+gamine&pg=PA34) . New York Magazine . New York Media, LLC . Retrieved 26 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Boddiford, Suzin (October 12, 1995). "Decades-old mod is modern again" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150520110502/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-10-12/features/1995285153_1_mod-garren-bangs) . The Baltimore Sun . Archived from the original (http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-10-12/features/1995285153_1_mod-garren-bangs) on May 20, 2015 . Retrieved September 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lawrence, Vanessa (May 15, 2015). "Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow" (http://www.wmagazine.com/story/garren-and-kenneth-hair-salon-nyc) . W . 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Canadian shirtmaker John Forsyth was a Canadian shirtmaker. He founded the John Forsyth Shirt Company . The company was expected to cease Canadian manufacturing due to changes in legislation. [1] (#cite_note-history-1) Forsyth established his shirtmaking business in 1903 the small town of Kitchener, Ontario (/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario) . [2] (#cite_note-2) John Forsyth Shirt Company, Ltd. does business as Forsyth of Canada and has manufactured shirts in Canada and abroad. Products include shirts, knits, and fleece for men, women and youth as well as ties and ladies sports wear. The business is a subsidiary of Forsyth Holdings, Inc. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Forsyth family began its clothing business in Waterloo, Ontario (/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario) in 1903 and with manufacturing at Duke and Young streets in downtown Kitchener for 88 years. The family sold the business to Dylex (/wiki/Dylex) Ltd. of Toronto in 1973. It has had several ownership changes since. [1] (#cite_note-history-1) Women's clothes were branded under the Lady Forsyth label. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2005, Forsyth bought out PremiumWear Inc.( Munsingwear (/wiki/Munsingwear) ), a knit, woven, sportwear, accessories and specialty clothing maker dating to 1886 and headquartered in Minnetonka, Minnesota (/wiki/Minnetonka,_Minnesota) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) The Kitchener plant closed in 1991 and production was moved to the former Penmans (/wiki/Penmans) plant in Cambridge, Canada (/wiki/Cambridge,_Canada) . Penmans is owned by the same parent company. [1] (#cite_note-history-1) The Cambridge plant once employed about 500 people and produced hundreds of thousands of shirts in a year. [1] (#cite_note-history-1) As of 2013, the company sought bankruptcy protection and its principal shareholders were Morante and Harris H. Hester of Connecticut. [1] (#cite_note-history-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Closing of Forsyth Shirts could just be the beginning (http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2623848-closing-of-forsyth-shirts-could-just-be-the-beginning/) February 28, 2013 The Record ^ (#cite_ref-2) "John Forsyth Shirt Co Inc. |" (http://www.forsythshirt.com/public/index.php?C=USA&brand=foc&PHPSESSID=64a2d780508022d55c45fc9a263cbd55) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The John Forsyth Shirt Company, LTD. - Company Profile by Insideview" (https://archive.today/20130615191554/http://www.insideview.com/directory/the-john-forsyth-shirt-company-ltd) . Archived from the original (https://www.insideview.com/directory/the-john-forsyth-shirt-company-ltd) on 2013-06-15 . Retrieved 2013-06-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19640926&id=gbYyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pewFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6134,4189982) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) [Wikipedia blacklisted fibre2fashion.comwebsite article] ^ (#cite_ref-6) "History of PremiumWear, Inc. – FundingUniverse" (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/premiumwear-inc-history/) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐b5hmk Cached time: 20240623164903 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.154 seconds Real time usage: 0.220 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 375/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6479/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 384/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16224/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.096/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3531015/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 208.480 1 -total 57.74% 120.367 1 Template:Reflist 49.09% 102.339 4 Template:Cite_web 39.54% 82.436 1 Template:Short_description 21.55% 44.923 2 Template:Pagetype 11.72% 24.437 3 Template:Main_other 10.60% 22.098 1 Template:SDcat 1.12% 2.342 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39667932-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623164903 and revision id 1208146850. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Forsyth_(clothier)&oldid=1208146850 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Forsyth_(clothier)&oldid=1208146850) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies established in 1903 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1903) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) |
American clothing retailer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Melanzana_(clothing_brand)) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Melanzana_(clothing_brand)) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery) without imparting real information . Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. ( December 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Melanzana" clothing brand (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Melanzana%22+clothing+brand) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Melanzana%22+clothing+brand+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Melanzana%22+clothing+brand&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Melanzana%22+clothing+brand+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Melanzana%22+clothing+brand) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Melanzana%22+clothing+brand&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Melanzana Industry Apparel (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Founded 1994 ; 30 years ago ( 1994 ) Founder Fritz Howard Headquarters Leadville, Colorado (/wiki/Leadville,_Colorado) Products Outdoor clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Number of employees 60 Website melanzana (http://melanzana.com) .com (http://melanzana.com) Melanzana is an American clothing retailer based in Leadville, Colorado (/wiki/Leadville,_Colorado) . [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] In 1994, Fritz Howard founded Eggplant, an outdoor clothing company. Due to a copyright dispute, the company was renamed Melanzana, the Italian word for eggplant (/wiki/Eggplant) . The brand's first storefront in Leadville (/wiki/Leadville,_Colorado) opened in 1997; operations were moved to a space on the town's historic Harrison Avenue in 2008. The company relocated once more to its current location on Harrison Avenue in 2008. [2] (#cite_note-history-2) In 2021, Melanzana expanded manufacturing operations to a second Harrison Avenue location. [3] (#cite_note-3) Operations [ edit ] Manufacturing [ edit ] Melanzana products are cut and sewn by hand at the brand's Harrison Avenue facilities using Polartec (/wiki/Polartec) polar fleece (/wiki/Polar_fleece) . [4] (#cite_note-polartec-4) Fabric rejected by Melanzana may be donated to other small Colorado businesses through the company's ReMelly'd initiative. [5] (#cite_note-5) Retail [ edit ] Melanzana does not sell garments online, though the website is frequently updated with general product availability. Customers must reserve an appointment to purchase most of the brand's items at the physical store on Harrison Avenue. [6] (#cite_note-6) As of December 2023, customers are limited to one appointment every six months and may only purchase two items at each appointment. Smaller items such as socks and hats may be purchased at the store without an appointment. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) The brand's exclusive nature has garnered Melanzana a cult following (/wiki/Cult_following) among outdoor recreation (/wiki/Outdoor_recreation) enthusiasts. [9] (#cite_note-following-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Blevins, Jason (July 12, 2012). "Leadville's Melanzana thriving with locally made clothing" (https://www.denverpost.com/2012/07/12/leadvilles-melanzana-thriving-with-locally-made-clothing/) . The Denver Post . Retrieved 2 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-history_2-0) n.a. "About" (https://melanzana.com/about/) . Melanzana . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bilow, Patrick (July 21, 2021). "Melanzana expands across the street" (https://www.leadvilleherald.com/free_content/article_e7d40902-ea2e-11eb-b72c-4b332dd2e586.html) . Leadville Herald-Democrat . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-polartec_4-0) n.a. "Featured Partner: Melanzana" (https://www.polartec.com/news/featured-partner-melanzana) . Polartec . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) n.a. "ReMelly'd" (https://melanzana.com/remellyd/) . Melanzana . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Moye, Jayme. "Walk across the sky in the U.S.'s highest-elevation city" (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/visit-historic-colorado-mining-leadville) . National Geographic . Retrieved 2 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) n.a. "Book An Appointment" (https://melanzana.com/book-an-appointment/) . Melanzana . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) n.a. "No Appt Needed" (https://melanzana.com/product-category/no-appointment/) . Melanzana . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-following_9-0) Singer, Daliah (October 2019). "Melanzana Is Colorado's Most Coveted (and Reclusive) Clothing Line" (https://www.5280.com/melanzana-is-colorados-most-coveted-and-reclusive-clothing-line/) . 5280 Magazine . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Bowden, Tanner. "This May Be the Best Fleece and You Probably Can't Get One" (https://www.gearpatrol.com/outdoors/a506458/melanzana-fleece/) . Gear Patrol . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Busch, Laurenz. " (https://boulderweekly.com/adventure/hey-thats-a-nice-melly/) 'Hey! That's a nice Melly!' (https://boulderweekly.com/adventure/hey-thats-a-nice-melly/) " (https://boulderweekly.com/adventure/hey-thats-a-nice-melly/) . Boulder Weekly . Retrieved 2 March 2024 . 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American fashion retailer For the Betty Davis album, see Nasty Gal (album) (/wiki/Nasty_Gal_(album)) . Nasty Gal Inc. Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Founded 2006 ; 18 years ago ( 2006 ) Founder Sophia Amoruso (/wiki/Sophia_Amoruso) Headquarters Los Angeles, California, U.S. Key people Robert Ross, CFO [1] (#cite_note-Nasty_Gal_Makes_Two_Key_Hires-1) Sheree Waterson, CEO [2] (#cite_note-Nasty_Gal_Founder_Sophia_Amoruso_Steps_Down_as_CEO-2) Products Apparel, accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Revenue £ (/wiki/Pound_sterling) 98.8 million [3] (#cite_note-3) Number of employees 200 est. (2014) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) boohoo Group plc (/wiki/Boohoo.com) Website NastyGal.com (http://www.nastygal.com) Nasty Gal is an American fast-fashion (/wiki/Fast-fashion) retailer that specializes in fashion for young women. The company has customers in over 60 countries. [4] (#cite_note-nytimes.com-4) Founded by Sophia Amoruso (/wiki/Sophia_Amoruso) in 2006, Nasty Gal was named "Fastest Growing Retailer" in 2012 by Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) magazine. [5] (#cite_note-5) Nasty Gal is based in Los Angeles. In 2017, the company was purchased by the BooHoo Group (/wiki/BooHoo_Group) out of Chapter 11 (/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. History [ edit ] In 2006, while working as a campus safety host at Academy of Art University (/wiki/Academy_of_Art_University) , Amoruso launched an eBay (/wiki/EBay) store based in San Francisco, selling old pieces of clothing. The store was named Nasty Gal Vintage, the name being inspired by Betty Davis (/wiki/Betty_Davis) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The eBay store sold vintage fashion that Amoruso sourced from secondhand stores. [7] (#cite_note-inc-7) MySpace (/wiki/MySpace) was the primary form of communication for the store in its early days. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) In June 2008, Amoruso moved Nasty Gal Vintage off eBay and onto its own destination site. [ citation needed ] In 2009, Nasty Gal moved into its first warehouse space in Berkeley, California (/wiki/Berkeley,_California) , and soon after to a 7,500-square-foot warehouse in Emeryville (/wiki/Emeryville,_California) , California. [4] (#cite_note-nytimes.com-4) Amoruso has emphasized in interviews the importance of social media (/wiki/Social_media) to Nasty Gal’s growth. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2010, Nasty Gal moved its headquarters to Los Angeles, California. [ citation needed ] The company received $9 million in investments in early 2012, followed by $40 million in August 2012 from venture capital firm Index Ventures (/wiki/Index_Ventures) . [11] (#cite_note-for-11) By 2012, the online retailer employed approximately 110 people and had opened an additional distribution center in Shepherdsville, Kentucky, while its 2011 revenue reached $24 million, marking an 11,200% three-year growth rate. [7] (#cite_note-inc-7) In 2014, Nasty Gal opened its first brick and mortar store in Los Angeles at 8115 Melrose Avenue. [ citation needed ] The store had Nasty Gal footwear, apparel, accessories and intimates. [12] (#cite_note-12) On January 12, 2015, Amoruso announced that Sheree Waterson would take over as CEO of Nasty Gal. [ citation needed ] Waterson, formerly president of Nasty Gal, became partners with Amoruso to evolve its retail presence on a larger scale. Amoruso continued as founder and executive chairman. [13] (#cite_note-recode.net-13) Waterson also joined the Nasty Gal board of directors alongside Amoruso and Index Ventures partner, Danny Rimer. [13] (#cite_note-recode.net-13) In March 2015, a second brick and mortar store opened in Santa Monica (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) . [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2016, Nasty Gal filed for bankruptcy. [15] (#cite_note-15) The British-owned BooHoo Group (/wiki/BooHoo_Group) announced in February 2017 that they had purchased Nasty Gal. [16] (#cite_note-16) In November 2017, Nasty Gal opened its first UK pop-up shop on London's Carnaby Street (/wiki/Carnaby_Street) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Controversies [ edit ] In 2015, a lawsuit was filed accusing Nasty Gal of allegedly firing four employees because of pregnancy, in violation of California laws. [19] (#cite_note-19) It has faced criticism online in a variety of publications due to its allegedly "toxic" work environment and numerous negative reviews on Glassdoor (/wiki/Glassdoor) from unhappy employees. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) Original collections [ edit ] Nasty Gal's original label launched in 2012 and consists of limited-edition styles. [24] (#cite_note-24) In September 2012, Nasty Gal debuted its first Fall/Winter 2012 Collection, Weird Science, during New York Fashion Week. [25] (#cite_note-25) Since then, the company has continued to launch various collections. It launched its first footwear collection, Shoe Cult by Nasty Gal, in August 2013. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2014, Nasty Gal debuted three additional in-house collections: the vintage-inspired Nasty Gal Denim Collection, [27] (#cite_note-27) Nasty Gal Swimwear, [28] (#cite_note-28) and Nasty Gal Lingerie. [29] (#cite_note-29) Nasty Gal also collaborated on a swimwear line with Minimale Animale in 2014. [30] (#cite_note-30) They collaborated with M∙A∙C Cosmetics on a capsule collection of lipsticks and nail polish in December 2014. [31] (#cite_note-31) Expansion into publishing [ edit ] In 2012, Nasty Gal released the first issue of what was planned to be a semiannual "lifestyle magazine", titled Super Nasty , which featured spreads on "fashion, music and culture," and was included free in customers' orders. Amoruso functioned as an editor-in-chief (/wiki/Editor-in-chief) . [32] (#cite_note-lat-32) Contributors and photographers for the first issue included Terry Richardson (/wiki/Terry_Richardson) , Hugh Lippe, Jeff Hahn, Alexandra Richards, Syd tha Kyd (/wiki/Syd_tha_Kyd) , Langley Hemingway, and Girls (/wiki/Girls_(TV_series)) writer Lesley Arfin (/wiki/Lesley_Arfin) . [33] (#cite_note-cut-33) The second issue was in spring 2013 and included Kesh, model Sidney Williams, Io Echo, Haley Wollens, Phoebe Collings-James, Charli XCX, and Akiko Matsuura. [34] (#cite_note-34) In 2014, Nasty Gal founder Amoruso published the book #GIRLBOSS . [35] (#cite_note-35) Following the book’s release, Amoruso launched the GIRLBOSS Foundation to inspire women to take their careers into their own hands. The foundation awards grants each quarter to women with creative projects. [36] (#cite_note-36) In April 2017, Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) released a show, Girlboss (/wiki/Girlboss_(TV_series)) , loosely based on the book. The series was cancelled after season 1. [37] (#cite_note-37) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Nasty_Gal_Makes_Two_Key_Hires_1-0) Lockwood, Lisa (23 December 2013). "Nasty Gal Makes Two Key Hires" (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/direct-internet-catalogue/nasty-gal-makes-two-key-hires-7323699?src=nl/mornReport/20131223) . WWD . Retrieved 26 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nasty_Gal_Founder_Sophia_Amoruso_Steps_Down_as_CEO_2-0) Shu, Catherine (12 January 2015). "Nasty Gal Founder Sophia Amoruso Steps Down as CEO" (https://techcrunch.com/2015/01/12/nasty-gal-founder-sophia-amoruso-steps-down-as-ceo/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved 14 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Annual Report 2020" (https://www.boohooplc.com/sites/boohoo-corp/files/all-documents/result-centre/2020/boohoo-com-plc-annual-report-2020-hyperlink.pdf) (PDF) . Retrieved 22 June 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Naughty in Name Only" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/technology/nasty-gal-an-online-start-up-is-a-fast-growing-retailer.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . 2013-03-24 . Retrieved 2013-04-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Nasty Gal Inc. Profile" (http://www.inc.com/profile/nasty-gal) . Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) 2012 . Retrieved 2013-04-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Nasty Gal clothing company — as red-hot as its founder's lipstick" (https://www.latimes.com/style/la-xpm-2012-aug-26-la-fi-nasty-gal-20120826-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . August 26, 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b "From eBay Store to a $24 million Business" (http://www.inc.com/erin-kim/applicant-of-the-week-nasty-gal.html) , Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) , April 16, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Butler, Bethonie. " (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/girlboss-is-so-two-thousand-and-late/2017/04/19/18cad554-244a-11e7-a1b3-faff0034e2de_story.html) 'Girlboss' is so two-thousand and late" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/girlboss-is-so-two-thousand-and-late/2017/04/19/18cad554-244a-11e7-a1b3-faff0034e2de_story.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Fishman, Elana (2017-04-20). "Everything Netflix's 'Girlboss' Gets Right (and Wrong) About the Nasty Gal Story" (https://www.racked.com/2017/4/20/15347040/netflix-girlboss-sophia-amoruso-nasty-gal) . Racked . Retrieved 2021-08-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Sukhraj, Ramona. "#GIRLBOSS: How Sophia Amoruso Took Nasty Gal from eBay to $70M Empire" (https://www.impactplus.com/blog/5-ways-sophia-amoruso-took-nasty-gal-from-ebay-to-borderline-empire) . www.impactplus.com . Retrieved 2021-08-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-for_11-0) "Fashion Phenom Nasty Gal Raises $40 Million" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/victoriabarret/2012/08/26/fashion-phenom-nasty-gal-raises-40-million) , Forbes (/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)) , August 26, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Moore, Booth (20 December 2014). "Sophia Amoruso brings her Nasty Gal and more to Melrose Avenue" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-nasty-gal-20141221-story.html#page=1) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved 26 February 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Nasty Gal Founder Sophia Amoruso Hands over CEO Role | Re/Code" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150113021118/http://recode.net/2015/01/12/nasty-gal-founder-sophia-amoruso-steps-down-as-ceo-of-fashion-retailer/) . Archived from the original (http://recode.net/2015/01/12/nasty-gal-founder-sophia-amoruso-steps-down-as-ceo-of-fashion-retailer/) on 2015-01-13 . Retrieved 2017-06-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Nasty Gal opening second store in Santa Monica" (http://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/news/2015/03/26/nasty-gal-opening-second-store-in-santa-monica.html) . LA Biz . ^ (#cite_ref-15) O'Connor, Clare. "As Nasty Gal Files Bankruptcy, Founder Sophia Amoruso's Fortune Decimated" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2016/11/11/as-nasty-gal-files-bankruptcy-founder-sophia-amorusos-fortune-decimated/#53eb3ee2561c) . Forbes . Retrieved 2016-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Marfil, Lorelei (2017-02-28). "Nasty Gal to Remain in Los Angeles, According to New Owners Boohoo Group" (http://wwd.com/business-news/mergers-acquisitions/nasty-gal-los-angeles-new-owners-boohoo-group-10824020/) . WWD . Retrieved 2017-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Nasty Gal to open first UK pop-up - The Industry London" (https://www.theindustrylondon.com/nasty-gal-open-first-uk-pop/) . www.theindustrylondon.com . Retrieved 2017-10-31 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Nasty Gal launches first UK pop-up" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/nasty-gal-launches-first-uk-pop-up) . Drapers . Retrieved 2017-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Merlan, Anna. "Lawsuit: Nasty Gal's #GIRLBOSS Fired Employees For Getting Pregnant" (http://jezebel.com/lawsuit-nastygals-girlboss-fired-all-her-pregnant-emp-1710042755) . Jezebel . Retrieved 2016-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Nasty Gal Employees Describe The Company Environment As "Toxic" After New Lawsuit" (https://www.buzzfeed.com/rachelzarrell/nasty-gal-a-horrible-place-to-work-if-youre-pregnant) . BuzzFeed . 10 June 2015 . Retrieved 2016-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "What Nasty Gal Can Teach Us About the Importance of Corporate Culture" (http://www.payscale.com/career-news/2015/06/what-nasty-gal-can-teach-us-about-the-importance-of-corporate-culture) . Career News . 2015-06-22 . Retrieved 2016-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Chapin, Adele (2014-09-02). "Nasty Gal Employees Say Sophia Amoruso's a Bad GirlBoss" (http://www.racked.com/2014/9/2/7578545/nasty-gal-glassdoor-reviews) . Racked . Retrieved 2016-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Merlan, Anna. " (http://jezebel.com/everything-really-hit-rock-bottom-how-nasty-gals-cultu-1711454805) 'Everything Really Hit Rock Bottom': How Nasty Gal's Culture Went Nasty" (http://jezebel.com/everything-really-hit-rock-bottom-how-nasty-gals-cultu-1711454805) . Jezebel . Retrieved 2016-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Nasty Gal To Launch Debut Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130404122823/http://style.mtv.com/2012/08/16/nasty-gal-debut-collection/) . MTV.com (/wiki/MTV.com) . August 16, 2012. Archived from the original (http://style.mtv.com/2012/08/16/nasty-gal-debut-collection/) on 2013-04-04 . Retrieved 2013-06-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Nasty Gal Launches 'Weird Science,' Their First In-House Line" (http://www.shefinds.com/2012/nasty-gal-launches-weird-science-their-first-in-house-line/) . SheFinds.com. August 24, 2012 . Retrieved 2013-06-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Here Is Nasty Gal's New Footwear Line 'Shoe Cult,' Plus Pricing" (http://racked.com/archives/2013/08/19/nasty-gal-launches-footwear-line-shoe-cult.php) . Racked.com. August 19, 2013 . Retrieved 2013-08-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Yotka, Steff. "Nasty Gal Launches Denim" (http://fashionista.com/2014/08/nasty-gal-denim) . Fashionista . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Bryant, Kenzie (12 March 2014). "Hey Spring Breakers, You Can Now Shop Nasty Gal Swimwear" (http://www.racked.com/2014/3/12/7613221/hey-spring-breakers-you-can-shop-nasty-gal-swimwear) . Racked . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Irvin, Connie (21 August 2013). "Nasty Gal Debuts New Footwear Line 'Shoe Cult' (http://www.kontrolmag.com/nasty-girl-debuts-new-footwear-line-shoe-cult/) " (http://www.kontrolmag.com/nasty-girl-debuts-new-footwear-line-shoe-cult/) . Kontrol Mag . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Yotka, Steff (18 April 2014). "The Checklist" (http://www.nylon.com/articles/nasty-gal-swim-collab) . Nylon . Retrieved 13 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Hou, Kathleen (21 October 2014). "MAC is Doing A Beauty Collaboration with Nasty Gal" (https://nymag.com/thecut/2014/10/mac-is-doing-a-beauty-collab-with-nastygal.html) . NYMag . Retrieved 13 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-lat_32-0) "Nasty Gal clothing company — as red-hot as its founder's lipstick" (https://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/26/business/la-fi-nasty-gal-20120826) , LA Times (/wiki/LA_Times) , August 26, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-cut_33-0) "Lesley Arfin" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5039571/) , IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Super Nasty issue 2" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130603141301/http://supernasty.nastygal.com/#intro) . NastyGal.com. Archived from the original (http://supernasty.nastygal.com/#intro) on 2013-06-03 . Retrieved 2013-06-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Baitz, Alison (8 May 2014). "The 'Nasty Gal' Invasion: Sophia Amoruso Wants to Create an Army of #GIRLBOSSes" (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/08/the-nasty-gal-invasion-sophia-amoruso-wants-to-create-an-army-of-girlbosses.html) . The Daily Beast . Retrieved 26 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Edwards, Tanya (25 August 2014). "Monday Morning Refresh: How to Pay It Forward Like Nasty Gal CEO Sophia Amoruso" (http://www.glamour.com/inspired/blogs/the-conversation/2014/08/monday-morning-refresh-how-to-2) . Glamour . Retrieved 26 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Otterson, Joe (June 25, 2017). " (https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/girlboss-canceled-netflix-1202477802/) 'Girlboss' Canceled After One Season at Netflix" (https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/girlboss-canceled-netflix-1202477802/) . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.nastygal.com) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/1898149844943902960002) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2018001507) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐nz2ww Cached time: 20240713175946 Cache expiry: 1576815 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.543 seconds Real time usage: 0.695 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3546/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 78697/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4840/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 128326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.364/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7097926/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 646.572 1 -total 39.07% 252.588 1 Template:Reflist 27.20% 175.880 24 Template:Cite_web 17.48% 112.990 1 Template:Infobox_company 15.94% 103.080 1 Template:Infobox 13.51% 87.324 1 Template:Short_description 13.41% 86.720 1 Template:Authority_control 9.42% 60.905 4 Template:Citation_needed 8.40% 54.284 5 Template:Fix 7.81% 50.505 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37040945-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713175946 and revision id 1203687708. 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Indian jewelry company Jos Alukkas Company type Private Industry Retailing (/wiki/Retailing) Founder Jos Alukkas Headquarters Jos Alukkas Corporate Office, Fathima Nagar, Aristo Road, East Fort, Thrissur - 680005 Area served South India (/wiki/South_India) Key people Jos Alukkas-Chairman Varghese Alukkas-Managing Director Paul J. Alukkas-Managing Director John Alukkas-Managing Director Products Jewellery Number of employees 3500+ Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Alukkas Enterprises Pvt Ltd Website https://www.josalukkasonline.com/ (https://www.josalukkasonline.com/) Jos Alukkas Group is Indian jewellery retailing group in Southern India (/wiki/Southern_India) . It is based in Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India. [1] (#cite_note-1) The group was bifurcated from the Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) -based group Alukkas Jewellery in 2001. The company has branches all over five states in the region. Jos Alukkas, the current Chairman of the group, set the foundation for Jos Alukkas Jewellery in the year 1964. The brand has grown from a small establishment in Kerala’s Thrissur district to a globally recognised and certified jewellery brand. Jos' sons Varghese Alukkas, Paul J. Alukkas and John Alukkas, are the current Managing Directors of the group. [2] (#cite_note-2) Alukkas' father, Varghese Alukkas initially started the jewellery business as a small store on High Road in Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India. Jos' brother Joy Alukkas (/wiki/Joy_Alukkas) is the Chairman of Joyalukkas Group. Their brother Francis Alukkas also has a jewellery group under his name. In 2010, the group signed Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_cinema) actor Vijay (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) to be their brand ambassador for Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) and Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) [3] (#cite_note-hindu2-3) while Telugu (/wiki/Cinema_of_Andhra_Pradesh) actor Mahesh Babu (/wiki/Mahesh_Babu) endorses them in the state of Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2021, the group signed actress Keerthy Suresh (/wiki/Keerthy_Suresh) as its new brand ambassador. Stores and locations [ edit ] They have nearly 45 stores that are spread across six states and one union territory in South India (/wiki/South_India) . Sl.No State Branch 1 Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur) 2 Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) East Fort, Thiruvananthapuram (/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram) 4 Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) Alappuzha (/wiki/Alappuzha) 5 Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) Palakkad (/wiki/Palakkad) 6 Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) Perinthalmanna (/wiki/Perinthalmanna) , Malappuram 7 Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) Lulu International Shopping Mall, Thiruvananthapuram (/wiki/Lulu_International_Shopping_Mall,_Thiruvananthapuram) 9 Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh) Vijayawada (/wiki/Vijayawada) 10 Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh) Visakhapatnam (/wiki/Visakhapatnam) 11 Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh) Guntur (/wiki/Guntur) 12 Andhra Pradesh (/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh) Rajamahendravaram (/wiki/Rajahmundry) 13 Telangana (/wiki/Telangana) Begumpet (/wiki/Begumpet) 14 Telangana (/wiki/Telangana) Dilsukhnagar (/wiki/Dilsukhnagar) 15 Telangana (/wiki/Telangana) Kukatpally (/wiki/Kukatpally) 16 Puducherry (/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)) Kamraj Salai, Pondicherry (/wiki/Pondicherry) 17 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Jayanagar, Bangalore (/wiki/Jayanagar,_Bangalore) 18 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Rajajinagar (/wiki/Rajajinagar) , Bangalore 19 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Dickenson Road, Bangalore (/wiki/Bangalore) 20 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Forum Mall, Kanakapura Rd, Bangalore 21 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) 3rd Block, Kammanahalli, Bangalore 22 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Old Madras rd, KR Puram, Bangalore 23 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) KS Rao Road, Mangalore (/wiki/Mangalore) 24 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Light House Hill Road, Mangalore (/wiki/Mangalore) 25 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Mysore (/wiki/Mysore) 26 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Udupi (/wiki/Udupi) 27 Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) Puttur, Dakshin kannada (/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka) 28 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Coimbatore (/wiki/Coimbatore) 29 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Madurai (/wiki/Madurai) 30 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Tiruchirappalli (/wiki/Tiruchirappalli) 31 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Salem (/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu) 32 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Dindigul (/wiki/Dindigul) 33 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Erode (/wiki/Erode) 34 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Vannarapettai (/wiki/Vannarapettai) , Tirunelveli (/wiki/Tirunelveli) 35 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Swami Sannidhi Road, Tirunelveli (/wiki/Tirunelveli) 36 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Nagercoil (/wiki/Nagercoil) 37 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Hosur (/wiki/Hosur) 38 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Cuddalore (/wiki/Cuddalore) 39 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Theni (/wiki/Theni) 40 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Vellore (/wiki/Vellore) 41 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Marthandam (/wiki/Marthandam) 42 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Thanjavur (/wiki/Thanjavur) 43 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Kanchipuram (/wiki/Kanchipuram) 44 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Pudukkottai (/wiki/Pudukkottai) 45 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Virudhachalam (/wiki/Virudhachalam) 46 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Ambur (/wiki/Ambur) 47 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Kumbakonam (/wiki/Kumbakonam) 48 Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) Tirupattur (/wiki/Tirupattur) Incidents and controversies [ edit ] In 2021 there was a major burglary that took place at Vellore (/wiki/Vellore) branch of the jeweler. [6] (#cite_note-6) See also [ edit ] Joy Alukkas Jos Alukkas branch in Mysore References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "New avatar for jeweller Jos Alukkas" (http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/08/11/stories/2010081151951000.htm) . BusinessLine . Retrieved 6 August 2010 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Jos Alukkas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100302204128/http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/27/stories/2010022751130200.htm) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Chennai, India. 27 February 2010. Archived from the original (https://www.hindu.com/2010/02/27/stories/2010022751130200.htm) on 2 March 2010 . Retrieved 6 August 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-hindu2_3-0) "Jos Alukkas to expand" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121020061239/https://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/article561281.ece) . The Hindu. Archived from the original (https://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/article561281.ece) on 20 October 2012 . Retrieved 6 August 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Jos Alukkas spreads its wings in South India" (http://news.franchiseindia.com/retail/Jos-Alukkas-spreads-its-wings-in-South-India-2348/) . Franchise India . Retrieved 31 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Jos Alukkas aims to be pan-India brand" (http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/jos-alukkas-aims-be-pan-india-brand-088) . Financial Chronicle . Retrieved 31 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Gang breaks into Jos Alukkas store in TN, steals gold worth Rs 8 cr" (https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gang-breaks-jos-alukkas-store-tn-steals-gold-worth-rs-8-cr-158819) . The News Minute . 16 December 2021 . 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Chinese shoes used in Chinese martial arts Women's Men's Kung fu shoes at a shop in Haikou (/wiki/Haikou) , Hainan, China The kung fu shoe , also known as a " tai chi (/wiki/Tai_chi) shoe" or as a " martial arts (/wiki/Martial_arts) slipper", is a type and style of cloth slip-on shoe (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) that is traditionally made in China, and was originally worn while practicing kung fu (/wiki/Kung_fu) and other martial arts, and also while performing tai chi. [1] (#cite_note-1) Variants of this shoe are now mass-produced for general-purpose wear, and there are several slightly different styles. These shoes are inexpensive and are available worldwide. Kung fu shoes once owned by Bruce Lee (/wiki/Bruce_Lee) One common kind is cheaply produced and is typically black, with minimal lining; it has a low-sided cloth upper, and a pale brown hard plastic sole. One variant is made as a lace-up shoe rather than a slip-on shoe. A version of the shoe for girls and women has a buckle strap and resembles the Mary Jane (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) shoe. Some varieties of the kung fu shoe have reinforced cotton soles instead of plastic ones, and some have rubber soles. Military use [ edit ] Kung fu shoes were used by the low-ranking troops of the National Revolutionary Army (/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army) during the Northern Expedition (/wiki/Northern_Expedition) and Encirclement Campaigns (/wiki/Encirclement_Campaigns) . Following the resumed alliance (/wiki/Second_United_Front) of the KMT (/wiki/Kuomintang) and the Chinese communists (/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China) , the Kung fu shoes was widely worn by the troops from autonomous Communist formations (such as the New Fourth Army (/wiki/New_Fourth_Army) and the Eighth Route Army (/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army) ) of NRA. While straw slippers were issued as a stop-gap especially for new recruits, troops from German-trained NRA Divisions (/wiki/List_of_German-trained_divisions_of_the_National_Revolutionary_Army) rather used leather shoes while their officers used leather boots. See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kung fu shoes (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kung_fu_shoes) . Espadrille (/wiki/Espadrille) , a similar kind of shoe originating from the Pyrenees (/wiki/Pyrenees) . Japanese tabi (/wiki/Tabi) , one variety of which is soft cloth shoes (/wiki/Tabi#Jika) . Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) , North Indian shoes. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "What to Wear to Your Tai Chi or Qigong (chi kung) Classes, Wardrobe Considerations" (http://www.worldtaichiday.org/tai_chi_qigong_terms_tips_tcm/tai_chi_qigong_wardrobe_for_class.html) . worldtaichiday.org . v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots 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(/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) This shoe (/wiki/Shoe) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kung_fu_shoe&action=edit) . v t e This article related to the martial arts (/wiki/Martial_arts) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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(Redirected from Killer Queen by Katy Perry (/w/index.php?title=Killer_Queen_by_Katy_Perry&redirect=no) ) American singer (born 1984) Not to be confused with Katy Perry (prison service) (/wiki/Katy_Perry_(prison_service)) . "Katy Hudson" redirects here. For the album, see Katy Hudson (album) (/wiki/Katy_Hudson_(album)) . Katy Perry Perry in 2023 Born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson ( 1984-10-25 ) October 25, 1984 (age 39) Santa Barbara, California (/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California) , U.S. Other names Katy Hudson Katheryn Perry Occupations Singer songwriter television personality Years active 2001–present Works Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Katy_Perry) discography (/wiki/Katy_Perry_discography) performances (/wiki/List_of_Katy_Perry_live_performances) videography (/wiki/Katy_Perry_videography) Spouse Russell Brand (/wiki/Russell_Brand) ( m. 2010; div. 2012) Partner(s) Orlando Bloom (/wiki/Orlando_Bloom) (2016–present; engaged) Children 1 Relatives Frank Perry (/wiki/Frank_Perry) (uncle) Awards Full list (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Katy_Perry) Musical career Genres Pop (/wiki/Pop_music) dance (/wiki/Dance_music) rock (/wiki/Rock_music) Instruments Vocals guitar Labels Red Hill (/wiki/Pamplin_Music) Java Columbia (/wiki/Columbia_Records) Capitol (/wiki/Capitol_Records) Musical artist Website katyperry (http://katyperry.com) .com (http://katyperry.com) Signature Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry , is an American singer, songwriter, and television personality. Perry is one of the best-selling music artists of all time (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) , having sold over 143 million units worldwide. She is known for her influence on pop music (/wiki/Pop_music) and her camp (/wiki/Camp_(style)) style, being dubbed the " Queen of Camp (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) " by Vogue and Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . With an estimated net worth of $350 million, Perry is one of the world's wealthiest musicians (/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth) . At 16, Perry released a gospel (/wiki/Gospel_music) record titled Katy Hudson (/wiki/Katy_Hudson_(album)) (2001) under Red Hill Records (/wiki/Pamplin_Music) , which was commercially unsuccessful. She moved to Los Angeles at 17 to venture into secular (/wiki/Secularity) music, and later adopted the stage name "Katy Perry" from her mother's maiden name. She recorded an album while signed to Columbia Records (/wiki/Columbia_Records) , but was dropped before signing to Capitol Records (/wiki/Capitol_Records) . Perry rose to fame with One of the Boys (/wiki/One_of_the_Boys) (2008), a pop rock (/wiki/Pop_rock) record containing her debut single " I Kissed a Girl (/wiki/I_Kissed_a_Girl) " and follow-up single " Hot n Cold (/wiki/Hot_n_Cold) ", which reached number one and three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) respectively. The disco (/wiki/Disco) -influenced pop album Teenage Dream (/wiki/Teenage_Dream_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2010) spawned five U.S. number one singles—" California Gurls (/wiki/California_Gurls) ", " Teenage Dream (/wiki/Teenage_Dream_(Katy_Perry_song)) ", " Firework (/wiki/Firework_(song)) ", " E.T. (/wiki/E.T._(song)) ", and " Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.) (/wiki/Last_Friday_Night_(T.G.I.F.)) "— the only album by a female singer to do so. The album's reissue titled Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection (/wiki/Teenage_Dream:_The_Complete_Confection) (2012) produced the U.S. number one single " Part of Me (/wiki/Part_of_Me_(Katy_Perry_song)) ". Her empowerment-themed album Prism (/wiki/Prism_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2013) had two U.S. number one singles, " Roar (/wiki/Roar_(song)) " and " Dark Horse (/wiki/Dark_Horse_(Katy_Perry_song)) ". Both their respective music videos made Perry the first artist to have multiple videos reach one billion views on Vevo (/wiki/Vevo) and YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Afterwards, she released the albums Witness (/wiki/Witness_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2017) and Smile (/wiki/Smile_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2020) and embarked on her Las Vegas concert residency (/wiki/Concert_residency) titled Play (/wiki/Play_(concert_residency)) (2021–2023). She is slated to release her seventh studio album, titled 143 (/wiki/143_(Katy_Perry_album)) , in September 2024. All of Perry's major-label studio albums have individually surpassed one billion streams on Spotify (/wiki/Spotify) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She has the second-most U.S. diamond certified singles (/wiki/RIAA_certification) for any female artist (6). She has received various accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Katy_Perry) , including a Billboard Spotlight Award (/wiki/Billboard_Spotlight_Award) , four Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) , five Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award) , five American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) , a Brit Award (/wiki/Brit_Award) , and a Juno Award (/wiki/Juno_Award) . Outside of music, she released an autobiographical documentary titled Katy Perry: Part of Me (/wiki/Katy_Perry:_Part_of_Me) in 2012, voiced Smurfette (/wiki/Smurfette) in The Smurfs (/wiki/The_Smurfs) film series, and launched her own shoe line Katy Perry Collections in 2017. Perry served as a judge on American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) from the sixteenth season (/wiki/American_Idol_season_16) in 2018 to the twenty-second season (/wiki/American_Idol_season_22) in 2024. Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) ranked Perry as the world's highest-paid female musician (/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians#Female) in 2015 and 2018. Life and career 1984–1999: Early life and family Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born on October 25, 1984, in Santa Barbara, California (/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California) , to Pentecostal (/wiki/Pentecostalism) pastors Mary Christine (née Perry) and Maurice Keith Hudson. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry201205:23-2) [3] (#cite_note-Friedlander_2012_15-3) Both of her parents turned to religion after a "wild youth". [4] (#cite_note-GraffBold-4) Perry has English, German, Irish, and Portuguese ancestry. [5] (#cite_note-5) Through her mother, she is a niece of film director Frank Perry (/wiki/Frank_Perry) . [6] (#cite_note-6) She has a younger brother named David, who is also a singer, [7] (#cite_note-7) and an older sister, Angela. [8] (#cite_note-8) From ages three to 11, Perry frequently moved across the country as her very strict parents set up churches before settling again in Santa Barbara. Growing up, she attended religious schools and camps, including Paradise Valley Christian School in Arizona (/wiki/Arizona) and Santa Barbara Christian School in California during her elementary years (/wiki/Primary_school) . [3] (#cite_note-Friedlander_2012_15-3) [9] (#cite_note-9) The family struggled financially, [10] (#cite_note-GQ-10) sometimes using food stamps (/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program) and eating food from the food bank which also fed the congregation at her parents' church. [11] (#cite_note-RS2010-11) Growing up, Perry and her siblings were not allowed to eat the cereal Lucky Charms (/wiki/Lucky_Charms) as the word "luck" reminded their mother of Lucifer (/wiki/Lucifer) , and were also required to call deviled eggs (/wiki/Deviled_egg) "angeled eggs". [12] (#cite_note-12) Perry primarily listened to gospel music (/wiki/Gospel_music) , [13] (#cite_note-MontgomeryGospel-13) as secular music was generally discouraged in the family's home. She discovered popular music through CDs she sneaked from her friends. [14] (#cite_note-Childhood-14) Perry later recalled a story about how a friend of hers played " You Oughta Know (/wiki/You_Oughta_Know) " by Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) , which impacted her songwriting and singing. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry201222:22-15) While not strictly identifying as religious, she has stated, "I pray all the time – for self-control, for humility." [16] (#cite_note-Marie-16) Wanting to be like her sister Angela, Perry began singing by practicing with her sister's cassette tapes. She performed the tracks in front of her parents, who let her take vocal lessons like Angela was doing at the time. She began training (/wiki/Vocal_pedagogy) at age nine [17] (#cite_note-17) and was incorporated into her parents' ministry, [4] (#cite_note-GraffBold-4) singing in church from ages nine to 17. [18] (#cite_note-18) At 13, Perry was given her first guitar for her birthday, [4] (#cite_note-GraffBold-4) [19] (#cite_note-19) and publicly performed songs she wrote. [10] (#cite_note-GQ-10) She tried to "be a bit like the typical Californian girl" while growing up, and started rollerskating, skateboarding, and surfing as a teenager. Her brother David described her as a " tomboy (/wiki/Tomboy) " during her adolescence, which Perry talks about on her song "One of the Boys". [20] (#cite_note-20) She took dancing lessons and learned how to swing (/wiki/Swing_(dance)) , Lindy Hop (/wiki/Lindy_Hop) , and jitterbug (/wiki/Jitterbug) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Perry completed her General Educational Development (/wiki/General_Educational_Development) (GED) requirements early at age 15, [22] (#cite_note-22) during her first year of high school, [23] (#cite_note-Elle-23) and left Dos Pueblos High School (/wiki/Dos_Pueblos_High_School) to pursue a music career. [24] (#cite_note-Hudson37-24) 2000–2006: Career beginnings, Katy Hudson , and Fingerprints Perry briefly had vocal lessons with a woman named Agatha Danoff [25] (#cite_note-25) in facilities rented from the Music Academy of the West (/wiki/Music_Academy_of_the_West) . [26] (#cite_note-26) Her singing caught the attention of rock artists Steve Thomas and Jennifer Knapp (/wiki/Jennifer_Knapp) from Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) , who brought her there to improve her writing skills. [24] (#cite_note-Hudson37-24) In Nashville, she started recording demos (/wiki/Demo_(music)) and learned how to write songs and play guitar. [13] (#cite_note-MontgomeryGospel-13) Perry signed with Red Hill Records (/wiki/Pamplin_Music) and recorded her debut album, a contemporary Christian (/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_Music) record titled Katy Hudson (/wiki/Katy_Hudson_(album)) , which was released on March 6, 2001. She also went on tour that year as part of Phil Joel (/wiki/Phil_Joel) 's Strangely Normal Tour [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) and embarked on other performances of her own in the United States. [29] (#cite_note-29) Katy Hudson received mixed reviews from critics and was commercially unsuccessful, selling an estimated 200 copies before the label ceased operations in December. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Transitioning from gospel music to secular music, Perry started working with producer Glen Ballard (/wiki/Glen_Ballard) , [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry201221:11-32) and moved to Los Angeles at age 17. [33] (#cite_note-WMag-33) She opted to work with Ballard due to his past work with Alanis Morissette, one of her major inspirations. In 2003, she briefly performed as Katheryn Perry, to avoid confusion with actress Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) , and later adopted the stage name "Katy Perry", using her mother's maiden name. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry201238:33-34) In 2010, she recalled that " Thinking of You (/wiki/Thinking_of_You_(Katy_Perry_song)) " was one of the first songs she wrote after moving to Los Angeles. [35] (#cite_note-35) Perry would also perform at the Hotel Café (/wiki/Hotel_Caf%C3%A9) , performing new music while she was between record labels. [36] (#cite_note-36) In 2004, she signed to Ballard's label, Java Records, which was then affiliated with The Island Def Jam Music Group (/wiki/The_Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group) . Perry began work on a solo record due for release in March 2005, but the record was shelved after Java was dropped. [37] (#cite_note-glen_ballard_billboard-37) Ballard then introduced her to Tim Devine (/wiki/Tim_Devine) , an A&R (/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire) executive at Columbia Records (/wiki/Columbia_Records) , and she was signed as a solo artist. By November 2006, Perry had finished writing and recording material for her Columbia debut titled Fingerprints (with some of the material from this time appearing on One of the Boys ) which was planned for release in 2007. [38] (#cite_note-38) Some of the material from Fingerprints that did not make it on One of the Boys was given to other artists, such as " I Do Not Hook Up (/wiki/I_Do_Not_Hook_Up) " and " Long Shot (/wiki/Long_Shot_(Kelly_Clarkson_song)) " to Kelly Clarkson (/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson) and " Rock God (/wiki/Rock_God) " to Selena Gomez & the Scene (/wiki/Selena_Gomez_%26_the_Scene) . [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) Perry worked with songwriters including Desmond Child (/wiki/Desmond_Child) , Greg Wells (/wiki/Greg_Wells) , Butch Walker (/wiki/Butch_Walker) , Scott Cutler (/wiki/Scott_Cutler) , Anne Preven (/wiki/Anne_Preven) , the Matrix (/wiki/The_Matrix_(production_team)) , Kara DioGuardi (/wiki/Kara_DioGuardi) , Max Martin (/wiki/Max_Martin) , and Dr. Luke (/wiki/Dr._Luke) . [41] (#cite_note-Anokute_Hit_Quarters-41) [42] (#cite_note-billboard_long-42) In addition, after Devine suggested that songwriting team the Matrix become a "real group", she recorded an album, The Matrix , with them. [43] (#cite_note-43) The Matrix was planned for release in 2004 but was cancelled due to creative differences. It was released in 2009 after the release of One of the Boys. Perry was dropped from Columbia in 2006 as Fingerprints neared completion. After the label dropped her, she worked at an independent A&R company, Taxi Music. [44] (#cite_note-44) Perry had minor success prior to her breakthrough. One of the songs she had recorded for her album with Ballard, "Simple", was featured on the soundtrack to the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (/wiki/The_Sisterhood_of_the_Traveling_Pants_(film)) . [45] (#cite_note-Summers-45) Perry provided backing vocals on Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) 's song " Old Habits Die Hard (/wiki/Old_Habits_Die_Hard) ", [46] (#cite_note-46) which was included on the soundtrack to the 2004 film Alfie (/wiki/Alfie_(2004_film)) . [47] (#cite_note-allmusicbio-47) In September 2004, Blender (/wiki/Blender_(magazine)) named her "The Next Big Thing". [45] (#cite_note-Summers-45) She recorded background vocals on P.O.D. (/wiki/P.O.D.) 's single " Goodbye for Now (/wiki/Goodbye_for_Now_(song)) ", was featured at the end of its music video in 2006, and performed it with them on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_with_Jay_Leno) . [48] (#cite_note-48) That year, Perry also appeared in the music video for "Learn to Fly" by Carbon Leaf (/wiki/Carbon_Leaf) , and played the love interest of her then-boyfriend, Gym Class Heroes (/wiki/Gym_Class_Heroes) lead singer Travie McCoy (/wiki/Travie_McCoy) , in the band's music video for " Cupid's Chokehold (/wiki/Cupid%27s_Chokehold) ". [49] (#cite_note-49) 2007–2009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys After Columbia dropped Perry, Angelica Cob-Baehler (/wiki/Angelica_Cob-Baehler) , then a publicity executive at the label, brought Perry's demos to Virgin Records (/wiki/Virgin_Records) chairman Jason Flom (/wiki/Jason_Flom) . Flom was convinced that she could be a breakthrough star and she was signed to Capitol Records (/wiki/Capitol_Records) in April 2007. The label arranged for her to work with Dr. Luke to add an "undeniable smash" to her existing material. [50] (#cite_note-hitquarters-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) Perry and Dr. Luke co-wrote the songs " I Kissed a Girl (/wiki/I_Kissed_a_Girl) " and " Hot n Cold (/wiki/Hot_n_Cold) " for her second album One of the Boys (/wiki/One_of_the_Boys) . A campaign was started with the November 2007 release of the video to " Ur So Gay (/wiki/Ur_So_Gay) ", a song aimed at introducing her to the music market. [52] (#cite_note-52) A digital EP of the same name (/wiki/Ur_So_Gay_(EP)) was also released that month. [53] (#cite_note-53) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) helped publicize the song by praising it on the JohnJay & Rich radio show in April 2008, [54] (#cite_note-54) stating "Ur So Gay" was her "favorite song" at the time. [55] (#cite_note-55) In March 2008, Perry made a cameo appearance as a club singer in the Wildfire (/wiki/Wildfire_(2005_TV_series)) episode "Life's Too Short" [56] (#cite_note-56) and appeared as herself during a photo shoot that June on The Young and the Restless (/wiki/The_Young_and_the_Restless) for the show's magazine Restless Style . [57] (#cite_note-57) Perry was part of the 2008 Warped Tour (/wiki/Warped_Tour) lineup. Perry released her first single with Capitol, "I Kissed a Girl", on April 28, 2008, [58] (#cite_note-58) as the lead single from One of the Boys . The first station to pick up the song was WRVW (/wiki/WRVW) in Nashville, who were inundated with enthusiastic calls the first three days they played it. [59] (#cite_note-hitquarters.com-59) The track reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) . [60] (#cite_note-60) "I Kissed a Girl" created controversy among both religious and LGBT (/wiki/LGBT) groups. The former criticized its homosexual theme, while the latter accused her of using bi-curiosity (/wiki/Bi-curiosity) to sell records. In response to speculation that her parents opposed her music and career, Perry told MTV (/wiki/MTV) that they had no problems with her success. [61] (#cite_note-VenaRumors-61) One of the Boys , released on June 17, 2008, garnered mixed critical reviews and reached number nine on the US Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) . [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) The album went on to sell 7 million copies worldwide. [64] (#cite_note-64) "Hot n Cold" was released the following September [65] (#cite_note-65) and became the album's second successful single, reaching number three on the Billboard Hot 100 [66] (#cite_note-Hot100History-66) while topping charts in Germany, [67] (#cite_note-67) Canada, [68] (#cite_note-CanadaCharts-68) the Netherlands [69] (#cite_note-69) and Austria. [70] (#cite_note-70) Later singles "Thinking of You" and " Waking Up in Vegas (/wiki/Waking_Up_in_Vegas) " were released in 2009 [71] (#cite_note-71) [72] (#cite_note-72) and reached the top 30 of the Hot 100. [66] (#cite_note-Hot100History-66) The Matrix's self-titled debut album, which Perry had recorded with the band in 2004, was released onto iTunes (/wiki/ITunes) on January 27, 2009, as a result of her solo success. [47] (#cite_note-allmusicbio-47) [73] (#cite_note-KaufmanMatrix-73) After finishing the 2008 Warped Tour (/wiki/Warped_Tour) , [74] (#cite_note-74) Perry hosted the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2008_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) in November 2008, where she won the award for Best New Act (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_New_Act) . [75] (#cite_note-75) At the 2009 Brit Awards (/wiki/2009_Brit_Awards) , she also won the award for International Female Solo Artist (/wiki/Brit_Award_for_International_Female_Solo_Artist) . [76] (#cite_note-Brit2009-76) Perry embarked on her first headlining world tour, the Hello Katy Tour (/wiki/Hello_Katy_Tour) , from January to November 2009 to support One of the Boys . [77] (#cite_note-Hudson83-77) On August 4, 2009, she performed as opening act for one date of No Doubt (/wiki/No_Doubt) 's 2009 Summer Tour (/wiki/2009_Summer_Tour) . [78] (#cite_note-78) Perry also hosted the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2009_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) in November 2009, becoming the first person to host two consecutive ceremonies of the European awards. [79] (#cite_note-79) On July 22, 2009, Perry recorded a live album titled MTV Unplugged (/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Katy_Perry_EP)) , which featured acoustic (/wiki/Acoustic_music) performances of five tracks from One of the Boys as well as one new song, "Brick by Brick", and a cover of Fountains of Wayne (/wiki/Fountains_of_Wayne) 's "Hackensack". [80] (#cite_note-UnpluggedNotes-80) It was released on November 17, 2009. [81] (#cite_note-MTV_Unplugged_Album-81) Perry also appeared on two singles with other artists; she was featured on a remix of Colorado (/wiki/Colorado) -based band 3OH!3 (/wiki/3OH!3) 's song " Starstrukk (/wiki/Starstrukk) " in September 2009, [82] (#cite_note-82) and on a duet with Timbaland (/wiki/Timbaland) entitled " If We Ever Meet Again (/wiki/If_We_Ever_Meet_Again) ", from his album Shock Value II (/wiki/Shock_Value_II) , three months later. [83] (#cite_note-83) [84] (#cite_note-84) The Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) recognized her in its 2010 edition as the "Best Start on the U.S. Digital Chart by a Female Artist", for digital single sales of over two million copies. [85] (#cite_note-Guinness2010-85) After Perry and Travie McCoy split up in December 2008, [86] (#cite_note-TravieSplit-86) they briefly reconciled before she ended their relationship in 2009. [87] (#cite_note-87) [88] (#cite_note-88) Perry met her future husband Russell Brand (/wiki/Russell_Brand) in the summer of 2009 while filming a cameo appearance for his film Get Him to the Greek (/wiki/Get_Him_to_the_Greek) . Her scene, in which the two kiss, does not appear in the film. [89] (#cite_note-GreekExplain-89) She began dating Brand after meeting him again that September at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2009_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) . [90] (#cite_note-RussellDating-90) The couple became engaged on December 31, 2009, while vacationing in Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) , India. [91] (#cite_note-Engaged-91) 2010–2012: Teenage Dream and marriage After serving as a guest judge on American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) , [92] (#cite_note-92) Perry released " California Gurls (/wiki/California_Gurls) " featuring Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) on May 7, 2010. [93] (#cite_note-93) The song was the lead single from her third studio album, Teenage Dream (/wiki/Teenage_Dream_(Katy_Perry_album)) , and reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in June. [94] (#cite_note-94) She also served as a guest judge on British (/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_TV_series)) The X Factor later that month [95] (#cite_note-XFactorJudge-95) before releasing the album's second single, " Teenage Dream (/wiki/Teenage_Dream_(Katy_Perry_song)) ", in July. [96] (#cite_note-96) "Teenage Dream" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in September. [97] (#cite_note-97) Released on August 24, 2010, [98] (#cite_note-98) Teenage Dream debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, [99] (#cite_note-99) and received mixed reviews from music critics. [100] (#cite_note-100) It has since sold 6 million copies worldwide. [101] (#cite_note-101) Teenage Dream would go on to win the 2011 Juno Award for International Album of the Year (/wiki/Juno_Award_for_International_Album_of_the_Year) . [102] (#cite_note-Juno2011-102) In October, " Firework (/wiki/Firework_(song)) " was released as the album's third single. [103] (#cite_note-103) It became the album's third consecutive number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on December 8, 2010. [104] (#cite_note-104) " E.T. (/wiki/E.T._(song)) " featuring Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) was released as the fourth single from Teenage Dream on February 16, 2011. [105] (#cite_note-105) It topped the Billboard Hot 100 for five non-consecutive weeks, making Teenage Dream the ninth album in history to produce four number one singles on the chart. [106] (#cite_note-106) " Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.) (/wiki/Last_Friday_Night_(T.G.I.F.)) " followed as the fifth single in June, [107] (#cite_note-107) and Perry became the first female artist to achieve five number-one Billboard Hot 100 songs from one album when the single topped that chart on August 17, and the second artist after Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) with his album Bad (/wiki/Bad_(album)) . [108] (#cite_note-TieMichael-108) For this record, she received an honorary American Music Award (/wiki/American_Music_Award) in November 2011 [109] (#cite_note-109) and a 2013 Guinness World Record. [110] (#cite_note-Guinness2013-110) On September 7, she set a new record by becoming the first artist to spend 69 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Hot 100. [111] (#cite_note-adeles-someone-111) After " The One That Got Away (/wiki/The_One_That_Got_Away_(Katy_Perry_song)) " was released as the album's sixth single in October, Teenage Dream became the third album to spawn six top-five songs on the Billboard Hot 100 after Rhythm Nation 1814 (/wiki/Janet_Jackson%27s_Rhythm_Nation_1814) by Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) and Faith (/wiki/Faith_(George_Michael_album)) by George Michael (/wiki/George_Michael) . [112] (#cite_note-112) [113] (#cite_note-113) The song peaked at number three in the US [114] (#cite_note-BiggestBillboard-114) and number two in Canada. [68] (#cite_note-CanadaCharts-68) On January 5, 2012, Perry was named the sixth best-selling digital artist in the United States, with sales of 37.6 million units according to Nielsen SoundScan (/wiki/Nielsen_SoundScan) . [115] (#cite_note-115) That month, she became the first artist to have four songs sell over 5 million digital units when "E.T." reached that mark along with "Firework", "California Gurls", and "Hot N Cold". [116] (#cite_note-116) On February 13, Capitol released the lead single from Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection (/wiki/Teenage_Dream:_The_Complete_Confection) , " Part of Me (/wiki/Part_of_Me_(Katy_Perry_song)) ", which debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Perry's seventh single overall to top the chart. [117] (#cite_note-117) Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection was released on March 23, [118] (#cite_note-118) and serves as a reissue of Teenage Dream . [119] (#cite_note-119) " Wide Awake (/wiki/Wide_Awake_(Katy_Perry_song)) " was released on May 22 as the re-release's second single, [120] (#cite_note-120) peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 [114] (#cite_note-BiggestBillboard-114) and number one in Canada [68] (#cite_note-CanadaCharts-68) and New Zealand. [121] (#cite_note-121) Perry attending the Sydney premiere for her 2012 documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me (/wiki/Katy_Perry:_Part_of_Me) , which grossed $32.7 million Perry embarked on her second tour, the California Dreams Tour (/wiki/California_Dreams_Tour) , in support of Teenage Dream [77] (#cite_note-Hudson83-77) from February 2011 to January 2012. [122] (#cite_note-TourBegin-122) The tour grossed $59.5 million globally [123] (#cite_note-123) and won her the award for Best Live Act (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Live_Act) at the 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2011_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) . [124] (#cite_note-124) On September 23, 2011, she performed on the opening day of the 2011 Rock in Rio (/wiki/Rock_in_Rio) festival along with Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) and Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . [125] (#cite_note-125) In September 2010, Perry was scheduled to appear on the 41st-season premiere of Sesame Street (/wiki/Sesame_Street) . After her scene was uploaded to YouTube, viewers criticized Perry's exposed cleavage (/wiki/Cleavage_(breasts)) . Four days before the scheduled airing, Sesame Workshop (/wiki/Sesame_Workshop) announced that the segment would not air on television, but would still be available to watch online. [126] (#cite_note-126) Perry subsequently mocked the controversy on Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) , where she was a musical guest and wore an Elmo (/wiki/Elmo) -themed shirt showing large amounts of cleavage during one skit. [127] (#cite_note-127) In December 2010, Perry played Moe Szyslak (/wiki/Moe_Szyslak) 's girlfriend in the live-action segment from a Christmas episode of The Simpsons (/wiki/The_Simpsons) titled " The Fight Before Christmas (/wiki/The_Fight_Before_Christmas_(The_Simpsons)) ". [128] (#cite_note-Kaufman-128) [129] (#cite_note-129) In February 2011, she made a guest appearance on the How I Met Your Mother (/wiki/How_I_Met_Your_Mother) episode " Oh Honey (/wiki/Oh_Honey) ", playing a woman known as Honey. [130] (#cite_note-130) The role won her the People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Guest Star (/wiki/38th_People%27s_Choice_Awards) in January 2012. [131] (#cite_note-131) She made her film debut in the 3D family motion picture The Smurfs (/wiki/The_Smurfs_(film)) as Smurfette (/wiki/Smurfette) on July 29, 2011. The film was a financial success worldwide, [132] (#cite_note-132) while critics gave mostly negative reviews. [133] (#cite_note-133) She hosted Saturday Night Live on December 10, 2011, with Robyn (/wiki/Robyn) as the episode's musical guest. Perry's work on the episode received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised her performance in the episode's digital short (/wiki/SNL_Digital_Short) featuring her and Andy Samberg (/wiki/Andy_Samberg) . [134] (#cite_note-134) In March 2012, she guest starred as a prison security guard named Rikki on the Raising Hope (/wiki/Raising_Hope) episode "Single White Female Role Model". [135] (#cite_note-135) On July 5, 2012, Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me (/wiki/Katy_Perry:_Part_of_Me) was released to theaters through Paramount Pictures (/wiki/Paramount_Pictures) . [136] (#cite_note-136) [137] (#cite_note-PrismaticFilm-137) The film received positive reviews [138] (#cite_note-138) and grossed $32.7 million worldwide at the box office. [139] (#cite_note-mojo-139) Perry began to venture into business when she endorsed her first fragrance, Purr, in November 2010. Her second fragrance, Meow!, was released in December 2011. Both perfumes were released through Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) department stores. [140] (#cite_note-140) [141] (#cite_note-141) Electronic Arts (/wiki/Electronic_Arts) recruited her to promote their new expansion pack for The Sims 3: Showtime (/wiki/The_Sims_3:_Showtime) , [142] (#cite_note-142) before releasing a separate stuff pack (/wiki/Expansion_pack) featuring Perry-inspired furniture, outfits, and hairstyles, titled The Sims 3: Katy Perry's Sweet Treats (/wiki/The_Sims_3_Stuff_packs#Katy_Perry's_Sweet_Treats) , in June 2012. [143] (#cite_note-143) The following month, she became the spokesperson and ambassador for Popchips (/wiki/Popchips) and made an investment in the company. [144] (#cite_note-Popchips2012-144) Billboard dubbed her as their "Woman of the Year" for 2012. [145] (#cite_note-WomanOfTheYear-145) She married Russell Brand on October 23, 2010, in a traditional Hindu (/wiki/Hindu) ceremony (/wiki/Hindu_wedding) near the Ranthambhore tiger sanctuary (/wiki/Ranthambore_National_Park) in Rajasthan, India (/wiki/Rajasthan,_India) . [146] (#cite_note-Married-146) On December 30, 2011, Brand announced that they were divorcing after 14 months of marriage. [147] (#cite_note-147) Perry later stated that conflicting career schedules and his desire to have children before she was ready led to the end of their marriage [148] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry201201:11:49-148) and that he never spoke to her again after sending a text message that he was divorcing her, [149] (#cite_note-Divorce-149) while Brand asserted that he divorced her due to her commercial success and reluctance to engage in activism. [150] (#cite_note-BrandDocumentary-150) She was initially distraught over their divorce and said that she contemplated suicide. [151] (#cite_note-BillboardCoverStory-151) [152] (#cite_note-152) Since they married without a prenuptial agreement (/wiki/Prenuptial_agreement) , he was eligible to claim half of the estimated $44 million she earned during their marriage, but declined. [153] (#cite_note-153) Perry began a relationship with singer John Mayer (/wiki/John_Mayer) in August 2012, the year her marriage with Brand had ended. [154] (#cite_note-154) [155] (#cite_note-155) 2013–2015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show In November 2012, Perry began work on her fourth album, Prism (/wiki/Prism_(Katy_Perry_album)) . [156] (#cite_note-PrismMC-156) [151] (#cite_note-BillboardCoverStory-151) She told Billboard , "I know exactly the record I want to make next. I know the artwork, the coloring and the tone" and "I even know what type of tour I'm doing next. I'll be very pleased if the vision I have in my head becomes a reality." [157] (#cite_note-157) After initially telling L'Uomo Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in June 2012 that she planned to have "darker elements" in Prism following the end of her marriage, the singer revealed to MTV during the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2013_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) that she changed the album's direction after periods of self-reflection. Perry commented "I felt very prismatic", which inspired the album's name. [158] (#cite_note-Light-158) [159] (#cite_note-159) " Roar (/wiki/Roar_(song)) " was released as the lead single from Prism on August 10, 2013. [160] (#cite_note-Roar_Release-160) It was promoted at the MTV Video Music Awards and reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. [161] (#cite_note-VMA-161) [162] (#cite_note-Roar#1-162) " Unconditionally (/wiki/Unconditionally) " followed as the second single from Prism on October 16, 2013, [163] (#cite_note-UnconditionallyRelease-163) and peaked at number 14 in the United States. [164] (#cite_note-164) Perry performing during the Prismatic World Tour (/wiki/Prismatic_World_Tour) in July 2014 Prism was released on October 18, 2013, and has sold 4 million copies as of August 2015. [165] (#cite_note-ByePrism-165) It received favorable reviews from critics [156] (#cite_note-PrismMC-156) and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. [166] (#cite_note-PrismBillboard-166) Four days later, Perry performed the songs from the album at the iHeartRadio (/wiki/IHeartRadio) Theater in Los Angeles. [167] (#cite_note-ReleaseParty-167) " Dark Horse (/wiki/Dark_Horse_(Katy_Perry_song)) " with Juicy J (/wiki/Juicy_J) was released as the album's third single in December, and became her ninth U.S. number-one single the following month. [168] (#cite_note-168) [169] (#cite_note-NumberOneHorse-169) In 2014, " Birthday (/wiki/Birthday_(Katy_Perry_song)) " and " This Is How We Do (/wiki/This_Is_How_We_Do) " respectively followed as the album's fourth and fifth singles, [170] (#cite_note-170) [171] (#cite_note-171) and reached the top 25 on the Hot 100. [66] (#cite_note-Hot100History-66) Prior to ending her relationship with Mayer in February 2014, [172] (#cite_note-172) [173] (#cite_note-173) she recorded and co-wrote a duet with him titled " Who You Love (/wiki/Who_You_Love) " for his album Paradise Valley (/wiki/Paradise_Valley_(album)) . The song was released on August 12, 2013. [174] (#cite_note-174) Perry's third headlining tour, the Prismatic World Tour (/wiki/Prismatic_World_Tour) , began in May 2014 [122] (#cite_note-TourBegin-122) and concluded in October 2015. [165] (#cite_note-ByePrism-165) It sold almost 2 million tickets and grossed $204.3 million worldwide [175] (#cite_note-175) and won Perry the award for "Top Package" at the 2014 Billboard Touring Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Touring_Awards) . [176] (#cite_note-176) She also performed at the 2015 Rock in Rio festival on September 27, 2015. [177] (#cite_note-177) On November 23, 2014, the NFL (/wiki/National_Football_League) announced that Perry would perform at the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLIX_halftime_show) on February 1, 2015. [178] (#cite_note-178) Lenny Kravitz (/wiki/Lenny_Kravitz) and Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) served as special guests for the show. [179] (#cite_note-179) Her performance was critically acclaimed, [180] (#cite_note-180) and the Guinness World Records announced two days after the singer's halftime show that it garnered 118.5 million viewers in the United States, becoming the most watched and highest rated show in Super Bowl history. The viewership was higher than the game itself, which was viewed by an audience of 114.4 million. [181] (#cite_note-Guinness2016-181) The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry) (IFPI) ranked her fifth on the list of Top Global Recording Artists of 2013. [182] (#cite_note-IFPI-182) On June 26, 2014, she was declared the Top Certified Digital Artist Ever by the Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA) for certified sales of 72 million digital singles in the United States. [183] (#cite_note-TopCertified-183) [184] (#cite_note-184) In May 2014, a portrait of Perry by painter Mark Ryden (/wiki/Mark_Ryden) was featured in his exhibition "The Gay 90s", and shown at the Kohn Gallery (/wiki/Kohn_Gallery) in Los Angeles. Along with several other artists, she also recorded a cover version of the song " Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two) (/wiki/Daisy_Bell) " on a limited-edition concept album titled The Gay Nineties Old Tyme Music: Daisy Bell to accompany the exhibition. [185] (#cite_note-MarkRyder-185) That month, a portrait of Perry by artist Will Cotton (/wiki/Will_Cotton) was included in the United States National Portrait Gallery (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)) . [186] (#cite_note-186) On November 23, 2015, Perry starred in H&M (/wiki/H%26M) 's holiday advertising campaign, for which she wrote and recorded a song titled " Every Day Is a Holiday (/wiki/Every_Day_Is_a_Holiday) ". [187] (#cite_note-187) [188] (#cite_note-188) On June 17, 2014, Perry announced that she had founded her own record label under Capitol Records, titled Metamorphosis Music. Ferras (/wiki/Ferras) was the first artist to get signed to her label, and Perry served as an executive producer on his self-titled EP (/wiki/Ferras_(EP)) . She also recorded a duet with him on the EP, titled "Legends Never Die". [189] (#cite_note-189) The label was later renamed Unsub Records (/wiki/Unsub_Records) . [190] (#cite_note-Unsub-190) Outside of her music career, Perry reprised her role as Smurfette in The Smurfs 2 (/wiki/The_Smurfs_2) , which was released in theaters on July 31, 2013. [191] (#cite_note-191) Like its predecessor, The Smurfs 2 was a financial success [192] (#cite_note-192) but was panned by critics. [193] (#cite_note-193) In March 2014, she made a guest appearance playing herself in the episode "Blisteritos Presents Dad Academy Graduation Congraduritos Red Carpet Viewing Party" of the Kroll Show (/wiki/Kroll_Show) . [194] (#cite_note-194) Killer Queen was released as her third fragrance in August 2013 through Coty (/wiki/Coty) [195] (#cite_note-killerqueen1-195) In January 2014, she became a guest curator of Madonna's Art for Freedom (/wiki/Secretprojectrevolution) initiative. [196] (#cite_note-196) In March 2015, she appeared in Brand: A Second Coming (/wiki/Brand:_A_Second_Coming) , a documentary following her ex-husband Russell Brand's transition from comedy work to activism, [150] (#cite_note-BrandDocumentary-150) and released a concert film titled Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour through Epix (/wiki/Epix_(TV_network)) , which took place during her tour of the same name. [137] (#cite_note-PrismaticFilm-137) Perry also made a cameo appearance in the music video for Madonna's song " Bitch I'm Madonna (/wiki/Bitch_I%27m_Madonna) " in June 2015. [197] (#cite_note-197) The following month, she released another fragrance with Coty, entitled Mad Potion. [198] (#cite_note-198) In September 2015, she appeared in the documentaries Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show , which followed Perry's preparation for her Super Bowl performance, [199] (#cite_note-SuperBowl-199) and Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott:_The_People%27s_Designer) , which followed the life and career of designer Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) . [200] (#cite_note-200) Perry released a mobile app titled Katy Perry Pop in December 2015 through Glu Mobile (/wiki/Glu_Mobile) where her character helps players become famous musicians. [201] (#cite_note-201) She described it as "the most fun, colorful world that helps guide your musical dreams". [202] (#cite_note-202) 2016–2018: Witness and American Idol Perry started writing songs for her new album in June 2016, [203] (#cite_note-203) and recorded an anthem for NBC Sports (/wiki/NBC_Sports) 's coverage of the 2016 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics) titled " Rise (/wiki/Rise_(Katy_Perry_song)) ", which was released the following month. Perry chose to release it as a standalone track rather than save it for her album "because now more than ever, there is a need for our world to unite". NBC also felt its message spoke "directly to the spirit of the Olympics and its athletes" for its inspirational themes. [204] (#cite_note-204) The song reached number one in Australia [205] (#cite_note-205) and number eleven in the United States. [66] (#cite_note-Hot100History-66) Perry performing during Witness: The Tour (/wiki/Witness:_The_Tour) in October 2017 In August 2016, Perry stated that she aspired to create material "that connects and relates and inspires" [206] (#cite_note-206) and told Ryan Seacrest (/wiki/Ryan_Seacrest) that she was "not rushing" her fifth album, adding "I'm just having a lot of fun, but experimenting and trying different producers, and different collaborators, and different styles". [207] (#cite_note-207) On February 10, 2017, Perry released the album's lead single " Chained to the Rhythm (/wiki/Chained_to_the_Rhythm) " featuring Skip Marley (/wiki/Skip_Marley) . [208] (#cite_note-208) [209] (#cite_note-209) It reached number one in Hungary [210] (#cite_note-210) and number four in the United States. [66] (#cite_note-Hot100History-66) The track was also streamed over three million times on Spotify (/wiki/Spotify) within 24 hours, breaking the music streaming service's record at the time for the highest first-day streaming for a single track by a female artist. [211] (#cite_note-211) The album's second single, " Bon Appétit (/wiki/Bon_App%C3%A9tit_(song)) " with Migos (/wiki/Migos) , was released that April. [212] (#cite_note-212) Its third single, " Swish Swish (/wiki/Swish_Swish) ", featured Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) and followed the next month. [213] (#cite_note-213) They respectively peaked at numbers 59 and 46 in the United States, [66] (#cite_note-Hot100History-66) and made the top 15 in Canada. [68] (#cite_note-CanadaCharts-68) The album, titled Witness (/wiki/Witness_(Katy_Perry_album)) , was released on June 9, 2017, to mixed reviews, [214] (#cite_note-214) and debuted at number one in the United States. [215] (#cite_note-215) To accompany the album's release, Perry broadcast herself on YouTube for four days with a live-stream titled Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide (/wiki/Katy_Perry_Live:_Witness_World_Wide) , concluding with a live concert on June 12. [216] (#cite_note-216) The live-stream generated over 49 million views from 190 countries. [217] (#cite_note-217) She also embarked on Witness: The Tour (/wiki/Witness:_The_Tour) , which began in September 2017 and ended in August 2018. [218] (#cite_note-218) On June 15, 2017, Calvin Harris (/wiki/Calvin_Harris) released a song titled " Feels (/wiki/Feels_(song)) " from his album Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1 (/wiki/Funk_Wav_Bounces_Vol._1) , which featured Perry, Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) , and Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) . [219] (#cite_note-219) The song went on to reach number one in the United Kingdom. [220] (#cite_note-220) Perry subsequently recorded a cover of the Dear Evan Hansen (/wiki/Dear_Evan_Hansen) song " Waving Through a Window (/wiki/Waving_Through_a_Window) " for the deluxe edition of the cast recording (/wiki/Cast_recording) , which was released on November 2, 2018. [221] (#cite_note-Waving2-221) The show's creators Benj Pasek (/wiki/Benj_Pasek) and Justin Paul (/wiki/Justin_Paul) had requested Perry to cover the song to promote the musical's national tour and bring awareness to mental health. [222] (#cite_note-Waving1-222) Later that month, Perry released " Cozy Little Christmas (/wiki/Cozy_Little_Christmas) ". [223] (#cite_note-CozyChristmas1-223) She also recorded the song "Immortal Flame" for the game Final Fantasy Brave Exvius (/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Brave_Exvius) , and had a playable character (/wiki/Playable_character) modeled after her. [224] (#cite_note-FinalFantasy1-224) Outside of recording music, Perry appeared as herself in the film Zoolander 2 (/wiki/Zoolander_2) , which was released in February 2016. [225] (#cite_note-225) [226] (#cite_note-226) In February 2017, the singer launched a shoe line titled "Katy Perry Collections". [227] (#cite_note-227) Her shoes are available on her website, Katy Perry Collections, and at retailers such as Dillard's (/wiki/Dillard%27s) and Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) . [228] (#cite_note-228) The following August, she hosted the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2017_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) . [229] (#cite_note-229) Perry was signed for a $25-million salary to serve as a judge on ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) 's revival of American Idol , which premiered in March 2018. [230] (#cite_note-230) [231] (#cite_note-231) Perry began a relationship with Orlando Bloom (/wiki/Orlando_Bloom) in early 2016, and the couple got engaged on February 14, 2019. [232] (#cite_note-232) [233] (#cite_note-233) 2019–2020: Smile and motherhood Perry at the 2019 iHeartRadio Music Awards At the 61st Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/61st_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , Perry performed " Here You Come Again (/wiki/Here_You_Come_Again_(song)) ", alongside Dolly Parton (/wiki/Dolly_Parton) and Kacey Musgraves (/wiki/Kacey_Musgraves) , as part of a tribute to Parton. [234] (#cite_note-Dolly1-234) Four days later, she released a song called " 365 (/wiki/365_(Zedd_and_Katy_Perry_song)) ", with DJ Zedd (/wiki/Zedd) . [235] (#cite_note-235) In April, Perry was included on a remix of Daddy Yankee (/wiki/Daddy_Yankee) 's song " Con Calma (/wiki/Con_Calma) ", featuring Snow (/wiki/Snow_(musician)) . [236] (#cite_note-236) She followed this with the singles " Never Really Over (/wiki/Never_Really_Over) " on May 31, " Small Talk (/wiki/Small_Talk_(song)) " on August 9, and " Harleys in Hawaii (/wiki/Harleys_in_Hawaii) " on October 16. [237] (#cite_note-237) [238] (#cite_note-238) [239] (#cite_note-239) "Never Really Over" in particular received critical acclaim. [240] (#cite_note-240) In June 2019, Perry appeared in the music video of Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) 's " You Need to Calm Down (/wiki/You_Need_to_Calm_Down) ". [241] (#cite_note-241) In July, a jury in California returned a verdict following a week-long trial that Perry's song "Dark Horse" had copied Flame (/wiki/Flame_(rapper)) 's 2008 song "Joyful Noise" after he filed a copyright lawsuit (/wiki/Gray_v._Perry) alleging that it used his track's beat without permission; [242] (#cite_note-242) the verdict was later overturned. [243] (#cite_note-243) After the initial verdict, the jury ordered her to pay him $550,000. [244] (#cite_note-244) The next month, Josh Kloss, Perry's co-star in the "Teenage Dream" music video, accused her of sexual misconduct. [245] (#cite_note-245) In an Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) post, Kloss alleged that, during a party at a skating rink, Perry pulled on his sweatpants and underwear, exposing his penis to her male friends. He also said her management prevented him from speaking about his time with the singer. However, Johnny Wujek, the creative director of said party defended Perry, saying that she "would never do something like that" and accused Kloss of having an "ongoing obsession" with her. [246] (#cite_note-246) After initially refraining from responding to this, believing it would have detracted from the Me Too movement (/wiki/Me_Too_movement) , Perry has also denied Kloss's claims. [247] (#cite_note-247) Following the release of her single " Never Worn White (/wiki/Never_Worn_White) " in March 2020, Perry revealed in the accompanying music video that she was expecting her first child with Bloom. [248] (#cite_note-248) " Daisies (/wiki/Daisies_(song)) ", the lead single from her sixth album, was released on May 15, 2020. Its second single " Smile (/wiki/Smile_(Katy_Perry_song)) " followed two months later. [249] (#cite_note-249) [250] (#cite_note-250) The album, also titled Smile (/wiki/Smile_(Katy_Perry_album)) , was released on August 28, 2020. [251] (#cite_note-251) [252] (#cite_note-252) Two days before its distribution, she gave birth to a daughter named Daisy Dove Bloom. [253] (#cite_note-253) The album received mixed reviews, [254] (#cite_note-254) and debuted at number five in the United States. [255] (#cite_note-255) Perry further promoted the album with four compilation EPs: Camp Katy , [256] (#cite_note-256) Empowered , [257] (#cite_note-257) Scorpio SZN , [258] (#cite_note-258) and Cosmic Energy . [259] (#cite_note-259) These EPs were followed by the single " Not the End of the World (/wiki/Not_the_End_of_the_World_(song)) " in December 2020, which had a music video in which Zooey Deschanel (/wiki/Zooey_Deschanel) impersonates Perry. [260] (#cite_note-260) [261] (#cite_note-261) [262] (#cite_note-262) Additionally she collaborated with various artists to create two remixes of Smile album tracks. Tiësto (/wiki/Ti%C3%ABsto) remix of " Resilient (/wiki/Resilient_(Katy_Perry_song)) " featuring Aitana (/wiki/Aitana_(singer)) was released in November 2020, while Bruno Martini remix of " Cry About It Later (/wiki/Cry_About_It_Later) " featuring Luísa Sonza (/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_Sonza) was released in April 2021. [263] (#cite_note-263) 2021–2023: Play residency Perry performing on her Play residency (/wiki/Play_(concert_residency)) in 2022 On January 20, 2021, Perry performed "Firework" at the Celebrating America (/wiki/Celebrating_America) concert during the inauguration of Joe Biden (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden) . [264] (#cite_note-264) Four months later, she released a new single, " Electric (/wiki/Electric_(Katy_Perry_song)) ", a collaboration with Pokémon (/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon) as part of its 25th anniversary. [265] (#cite_note-265) That December, Perry followed this with " When I'm Gone (/wiki/When_I%27m_Gone_(Alesso_and_Katy_Perry_song)) ", a collaboration with Swedish DJ Alesso (/wiki/Alesso) [266] (#cite_note-Out2021-266) that made her the third person to reach number one on Croatia's ARC 100 list across three different decades following Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) and Coldplay (/wiki/Coldplay) . [267] (#cite_note-267) Perry began hosting a concert residency (/wiki/Concert_residency) named Play (/wiki/Play_(concert_residency)) at Resorts World Las Vegas (/wiki/Resorts_World_Las_Vegas) on December 29, 2021. [268] (#cite_note-268) The show's inception happened during the COVID-19 lockdowns (/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns) with Perry being inspired by Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (/wiki/Honey,_I_Shrunk_the_Kids) , Pee-wee's Playhouse (/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Playhouse) , and Pee-wee's Big Adventure (/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Big_Adventure) . She described it as "larger than life" and "the kookiest, most camp show I've ever put together." [266] (#cite_note-Out2021-266) The show has received critical acclaim [269] (#cite_note-269) with Melinda Sheckells of Billboard saying that Play's "sold-out opening night is part fantasy, part hallucination and thoroughly camp. [270] (#cite_note-BBReview-270) In addition to a sold out opening night, the Santa Barbara Independent (/wiki/Santa_Barbara_Independent) reported that Perry's contract deal for the residency is worth $168 million. [271] (#cite_note-271) It concluded on November 4, 2023, [272] (#cite_note-272) and grossed $46.4 million. [273] (#cite_note-PlayEarnings-273) In September 2021, Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) paid tribute to and honored Perry on their "Power of Women" issue, where she discussed her career, motherhood, and philanthropy (/wiki/Philanthropy) . [274] (#cite_note-:0-274) As a nominee, she attended the Variety 2021 "Power of Women" dinner. [275] (#cite_note-275) On her 37th birthday the next month, Perry guest hosted The Ellen DeGeneres Show (/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show) [276] (#cite_note-276) and starred in a holiday advertisement for Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) which featured her singing " All You Need Is Love (/wiki/All_You_Need_Is_Love) " by the Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) . A full version of her cover was released on streaming platforms the same day. [277] (#cite_note-AllYouNeedIsLove-277) In January 2022, she and Morgan McLachlan established De Soi, a company which produces and sells non-alcoholic (/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink) apéritifs (/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif) . Both wanted a beverage that "would mellow the mind, minus the buzz" when creating it. [278] (#cite_note-278) [279] (#cite_note-279) [280] (#cite_note-280) Along with Thomas Rhett (/wiki/Thomas_Rhett) , Perry recorded a country pop duet titled "Where We Started" for his album of the same name (/wiki/Where_We_Started) that was released on April 1, 2022. [281] (#cite_note-281) The next month, it was announced Perry would create music for the soundtrack to Jeremy Zag's animated musical film Melody and voice its title character. [282] (#cite_note-282) She also became the new face for Just Eat (/wiki/Just_Eat) 's, SkipTheDishes (/wiki/SkipTheDishes) ', Lieferando (/wiki/Lieferando) 's, and Menulog (/wiki/Menulog) 's advertisements and created a new remix of their jingle. [283] (#cite_note-283) [284] (#cite_note-284) [285] (#cite_note-285) [286] (#cite_note-286) On June 8, 2022, Perry was awarded with the Key to Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , the same day it was marked as Katy Perry day. [287] (#cite_note-287) Perry collaborated with the tech company Apple Inc. (/wiki/Apple_Inc.) starring in advertisements for their GarageBand (/wiki/GarageBand) music software where users could have "Remix Sessions" featuring her song, "Harleys in Hawaii". On the collab, she stated in August 2022: "'Harleys in Hawaii' has lived so many different lives" as well as that there was "so much opportunity to remix this song, and I can't wait to hear all the GarageBand evolutions with this Apple collab." [288] (#cite_note-288) Perry performed at the May 2023 Coronation Concert (/wiki/Coronation_Concert) of Charles III (/wiki/Charles_III) at Windsor Castle (/wiki/Windsor_Castle) . [289] (#cite_note-289) [290] (#cite_note-290) Four months later, she sold her music rights to Litmus Music for an estimated $225 million. [291] (#cite_note-291) 2024: 143 During an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live! (/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!) in February 2024, Perry announced her exit from American Idol following the conclusion of the twenty-second season (/wiki/American_Idol_(season_22)) , wanting to "go out and feel that pulse to my own beat" and release new music after being "in the studio for a while". The season premiered later that month, [292] (#cite_note-292) and concluded the following May. [293] (#cite_note-293) She released " Woman's World (/wiki/Woman%27s_World_(Katy_Perry_song)) ", the first single from her seventh album, on July 11, 2024. [294] (#cite_note-294) One day before the track's premiere, Perry revealed the title and artwork of her seventh album, 143 (/wiki/143_(Katy_Perry_album)) . It is set to be released on September 20 of the same year. [295] (#cite_note-295) She described the album as "super high energy, it's super summer, it's very high BPM" and "just full of so much joy, so much love, so much light". [296] (#cite_note-Variety143-296) On that same day, she is also scheduled to perform during the 2024 Rock in Rio festival. [297] (#cite_note-297) Artistry Influences Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) (left) and Freddie Mercury (/wiki/Freddie_Mercury) (right) both heavily influenced Perry and her music. Perry cites her sister Angela as the woman who has had the most influence on her. [274] (#cite_note-:0-274) During the early stages of her career, Perry's musical style gravitated towards gospel and she aspired to be as successful as Amy Grant (/wiki/Amy_Grant) . [298] (#cite_note-298) At age 15, she heard " Killer Queen (/wiki/Killer_Queen) " by Queen (/wiki/Queen_(band)) , which inspired her to pursue a music career. [299] (#cite_note-299) She cites the band's frontman, Freddie Mercury (/wiki/Freddie_Mercury) , as her biggest influence and expressed how the "combination of his sarcastic approach to writing lyrics and his 'I don't give a fuck' attitude" inspired her music. [300] (#cite_note-300) She paid homage to the band by naming her third fragrance Killer Queen. [195] (#cite_note-killerqueen1-195) Perry described the Beach Boys (/wiki/The_Beach_Boys) and their album Pet Sounds (/wiki/Pet_Sounds) as having a considerable influence on her music: " Pet Sounds is one of my favorite records and it influenced pretty much all of my songwriting. All of the melody choices that I make are because of Pet Sounds ." [301] (#cite_note-301) The singer also holds the Beatles' album The Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles_(album)) in high esteem, and described these two albums as "the only things I listened to for probably two years straight." [302] (#cite_note-InterviewWiig-302) She cites Alanis Morissette and her 1995 album Jagged Little Pill (/wiki/Jagged_Little_Pill) as a significant musical inspiration, stating in 2012: " Jagged Little Pill was the most perfect female record ever made. There's a song for anyone on that record; I relate to all those songs. They're still so timeless." Additionally, Perry borrows influence from Flaming Red (/wiki/Flaming_Red) by Patty Griffin (/wiki/Patty_Griffin) and 10 Cent Wings by Jonatha Brooke (/wiki/Jonatha_Brooke) . [303] (#cite_note-BillboardQA-303) Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was largely influenced by Madonna: Truth or Dare (/wiki/Madonna:_Truth_or_Dare) . She admires Madonna's ability to reinvent herself, saying "I want to evolve like Madonna". [304] (#cite_note-304) Perry names Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) as an influence, particularly admiring her "willingness to always be taking chances". [303] (#cite_note-BillboardQA-303) Other artists who Perry has cited as influences include Stevie Nicks (/wiki/Stevie_Nicks) , [305] (#cite_note-why-305) ABBA (/wiki/ABBA) , the Cardigans (/wiki/The_Cardigans) , [306] (#cite_note-306) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) , [307] (#cite_note-307) Cyndi Lauper (/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper) , [308] (#cite_note-308) Ace of Base (/wiki/Ace_of_Base) , 3OH!3 (/wiki/3OH!3) , [309] (#cite_note-309) CeCe Peniston (/wiki/CeCe_Peniston) , C+C Music Factory (/wiki/C%2BC_Music_Factory) , Black Box (/wiki/Black_Box_(band)) , Crystal Waters (/wiki/Crystal_Waters) , Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) , [310] (#cite_note-peniston-310) Heart (/wiki/Heart_(band)) , Joni Mitchell, Paul Simon (/wiki/Paul_Simon) , Imogen Heap (/wiki/Imogen_Heap) , Rufus Wainwright (/wiki/Rufus_Wainwright) , [311] (#cite_note-311) Pink (/wiki/Pink_(singer)) , [312] (#cite_note-312) and Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) . [303] (#cite_note-BillboardQA-303) "Firework" was inspired by a passage in the book On the Road (/wiki/On_the_Road) by Jack Kerouac (/wiki/Jack_Kerouac) in which the author compares people who are full of life to fireworks that shoot across the sky and make people watch in awe. [313] (#cite_note-313) Her second concert tour, the California Dreams Tour, was reminiscent of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland) and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) . [314] (#cite_note-314) She also credits the 1996 film The Craft (/wiki/The_Craft_(film)) for inspiring her song "Dark Horse", [315] (#cite_note-315) and Eckhart Tolle (/wiki/Eckhart_Tolle) 's book The Power of Now (/wiki/The_Power_of_Now) for influencing Prism . [151] (#cite_note-BillboardCoverStory-151) Musical style and themes "When I am in between records, sometimes I doubt myself. I'll be like 'Did I just get lucky, or did I mass-manipulate the world into thinking that seven songs were worth a number-one position?' And then I go back into the studio and I start writing, and the true essential oil of who I am comes bubbling back up and reminds me that it's always been inside of me, that nobody can take this away no matter what comment anyone makes." —Perry on her confidence as a songwriter [316] (#cite_note-Vogue-316) Although Perry's music incorporates elements of pop, rock, and disco (/wiki/Disco) , Katy Hudson contains gospel. Her subsequent releases, One of the Boys and Teenage Dream , involve themes of sex and love. One of the Boys is a pop rock (/wiki/Pop_rock) record, while Teenage Dream features disco influences. [317] (#cite_note-317) [318] (#cite_note-SheffieldDream-318) Perry's fourth album, Prism , is significantly influenced by dance and pop music. Lyrically, the album addresses relationships, self-reflection, and everyday life. [319] (#cite_note-PrismPicks-319) Her fifth studio effort Witness is an electropop (/wiki/Electropop) album that she described as a "360-degree liberation" record, with themes including political liberation, sexual liberation, and liberation from negativity. [320] (#cite_note-WitnessLiberation-320) [321] (#cite_note-WitnessGenre-321) Many of her songs, particularly on Teenage Dream , reflect on love between teenagers; W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) magazine described the album's sexual innuendos as "irresistible hook-laden melodies". [33] (#cite_note-WMag-33) Self-empowerment is a common theme in Perry's music. [322] (#cite_note-322) Perry has described herself as a "singer-songwriter masquerading as a pop star" [323] (#cite_note-323) and maintains that honest songwriting is very important to her. She told Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) : "I feel like my secret magic trick that separates me from a lot of my peers is the bravery to be vulnerable and truthful and honest. I think you become more relatable when you're vulnerable." [16] (#cite_note-Marie-16) Actress and comedian Kristen Wiig (/wiki/Kristen_Wiig) commented that "as easy, breezy, and infectious as Perry's songs can be, beneath the surface lurks a sea of mixed emotions, jumbled motives, and contradictory impulses complicated enough to fill a Carole King (/wiki/Carole_King) record." [302] (#cite_note-InterviewWiig-302) According to Greg Kot (/wiki/Greg_Kot) of the Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) , "being taken seriously may be Perry's greatest challenge yet." [324] (#cite_note-324) In 2013, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) labeled her "the most potent pop star of the day – her hits are relatable with just a hint of experimentation". [325] (#cite_note-325) Randall Roberts of the Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) criticized her use of idioms and metaphors in her lyrics and for frequent "clichés". [326] (#cite_note-LATimesReview-326) Throughout her career, Perry has also co-written songs recorded by other artists, including Lesley Roy (/wiki/Lesley_Roy) , [327] (#cite_note-KatyLesley-327) Kelly Clarkson (/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson) , [328] (#cite_note-AllKellyWanted-328) Jessie James Decker (/wiki/Jessie_James_Decker) , [329] (#cite_note-329) Selena Gomez & the Scene (/wiki/Selena_Gomez_%26_the_Scene) , [330] (#cite_note-RockGodSelena-330) [331] (#cite_note-MoreLikeIt-331) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , [332] (#cite_note-332) Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) , Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) , [333] (#cite_note-333) Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) , and Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) . [334] (#cite_note-334) Voice Perry possesses a contralto (/wiki/Contralto) vocal range (/wiki/Voice_type) . [335] (#cite_note-335) [336] (#cite_note-336) Her singing has received both praise and criticism. Betty Clarke of The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) commented that her "powerful voice is hard-edged" [337] (#cite_note-337) while Rob Sheffield (/wiki/Rob_Sheffield) from Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) described Perry's vocals on Teenage Dream as "processed staccato (/wiki/Staccato) blips". [318] (#cite_note-SheffieldDream-318) Darren Harvey of musicOMH (/wiki/MusicOMH) compared Perry's vocals on One of the Boys to Alanis Morissette's, both possessing a "perky voice shifting octaves mid-syllable". [338] (#cite_note-338) Alex Miller from NME (/wiki/NME) felt that "Perry's problem is often her voice" on One of the Boys , stating that "somewhere along the line someone convinced her she was like, well, a ballsy rock chick". [339] (#cite_note-339) Conversely, Bernadette McNulty from The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) praised her "rock chick voice" in a review of a concert promoting Prism . [340] (#cite_note-340) Public image Perry in her signature spinning peppermint swirl dress at the California Dreams Tour (/wiki/California_Dreams_Tour) (2011) On social media, Perry surpassed Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) as the most followed person on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) in November 2013. [341] (#cite_note-341) She won the 2015 Guinness World Record for most Twitter followers, [342] (#cite_note-Guinness2015-342) and became the first person to gain 100 million followers on the site in June 2017. [343] (#cite_note-343) Keith Caulfield of Billboard stated that Perry is "the rare celebrity who seems to have enormous popularity but genuine ground-level interaction with her adoring KatyCats." [344] (#cite_note-344) With over 106 million Twitter followers, she is the second-most followed woman on the site, and the sixth most followed musician across social media with a combined total of over 385 million followers across Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) , Instagram, and Twitter. [345] (#cite_note-345) In June 2017, Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine listed Perry among its "25 Most Influential People on the Internet" of the year, writing that her live-stream for Witness was "blazing a trail" for being "the closest any major entertainer has come to giving fans the kind of 'real' intimacy that social media purports to provide". [346] (#cite_note-346) Perry has been described as a sex symbol (/wiki/Sex_symbol) ; GQ (/wiki/GQ) labeled her a "full-on male fantasy", [10] (#cite_note-GQ-10) while Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) wrote her body looked "as though sketched by a teenage boy". [23] (#cite_note-Elle-23) Vice (/wiki/Vice_(magazine)) called her a " 'serious' popstar/woman/sex symbol". [347] (#cite_note-347) She was placed at number one on the Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) Hot 100 in 2010 as the "most beautiful woman in the world", with editor Joe Levy describing her as a "triple – no quadruple – kind of hot". [348] (#cite_note-MaximHot100-348) Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health_(magazine)) readers voted her the "sexiest woman of 2013". [349] (#cite_note-The_Hottest_Women_of_2013_-_Men's_Health-349) In November 2010, Perry told Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) that she was proud of and satisfied with her figure. [350] (#cite_note-HarpersBazaar-350) Perry's fashion often incorporates humor, bright colors, and food-related themes [351] (#cite_note-351) such as her characteristic spinning peppermint swirl dress. [352] (#cite_note-pb5-352) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) described her as "never exactly one to shy away from the outrageous or the extreme in any realm", and called her the "Queen of Camp (/wiki/Camp_(style)) ", [353] (#cite_note-353) [354] (#cite_note-Vogue2022-354) while Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) named her the "queen of quirk". [355] (#cite_note-355) In February 2009, Perry told Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(American_magazine)) that her fashion style was "a bit of a concoction of different things" and stated she enjoyed humor in her clothing. [356] (#cite_note-17Style-356) She has also described herself as having " multipersonality disorder (/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder) " for fashion. [350] (#cite_note-HarpersBazaar-350) Perry lists Gwen Stefani, Shirley Manson (/wiki/Shirley_Manson) , Chloë Sevigny (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Sevigny) , Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) , Natalie Portman (/wiki/Natalie_Portman) , and the fictional character Lolita (/wiki/Lolita) as her style icons. [33] (#cite_note-WMag-33) [357] (#cite_note-357) In 2022, Elle dubbed her as "the kitsch (/wiki/Kitsch) -loving pop star renowned for her uniquely experimental style", while Vogue described her style as "synonymous with outrageous, eye-catching ensembles that lean towards the theatrical". [358] (#cite_note-358) [359] (#cite_note-:1-359) During the 2017 launch of her shoe collection, Katy Perry Collections, she said about shoes: "When I first got to L.A., I cultivated my style on a budget, always shopping at thrift stores or vintage stores. ... Once, I found these flats that looked like Dalmatian dogs (/wiki/Dalmatian_(dog)) . They had ears that moved and a tongue that stuck out. They were such a conversation piece. That's what is so great about fashion. ... It's a form of communication. You don't have to start a smoking habit to start talking to someone. You can just wear cool shoes. It's an icebreaker." [360] (#cite_note-360) Legacy Several media outlets such as Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) and Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) have referred to her as the " Queen of Pop (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) ", while others like Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) , and InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) have dubbed Perry the "Queen of Camp". [361] (#cite_note-361) [362] (#cite_note-362) [354] (#cite_note-Vogue2022-354) [363] (#cite_note-:3-363) [364] (#cite_note-364) [365] (#cite_note-365) [366] (#cite_note-366) [367] (#cite_note-367) Andrew Unterberger of Billboard described Teenage Dream "one of the defining LPs from a new golden age in mega-pop" [368] (#cite_note-368) while Christopher Rosa of Glamour named her as an influence to the pop (/wiki/Pop_music) sound and style of the 2010s, adding that her singles are "some of the most recognizable, iconic, and impactful hits in pop history." [369] (#cite_note-GlamourBestWorst-369) Perry was named "one of the last decade's most reliable and successful hitmakers" by the Official Charts Company (/wiki/Official_Charts_Company) in 2022. [370] (#cite_note-370) Additionally, Perry was included in Glamour ' s "104 Women Who Defined the Decade in Pop Culture" list of the 2010s. It stated Perry "did more than just break chart records. She was one of the driving forces behind the sound of pop radio in the 2010s" for her tracks that were "glossy, booming, sugary-sweet, and undeniably catchy." [369] (#cite_note-GlamourBestWorst-369) [371] (#cite_note-371) Variety included Perry in their Variety 500 list of the most influential business leaders, calling her a "global phenomenon" and a "dedicated artist and tireless self-promoter who has leveraged chart-topping hits, sold-out stadium shows, and staggering endorsement deals to become one of the richest and most influential pop stars alive." [372] (#cite_note-372) A 2017 journal published by Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts (/wiki/Psychology_of_Aesthetics,_Creativity,_and_the_Arts) studying structural patterns in the melodies of earworm (/wiki/Earworm) songs compiled lists of catchiest (/wiki/Catchiness) tracks from 3,000 participants, in which Perry's "California Gurls" ranked number six. [373] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJakubowskiFinkelStewartMüllensiefen2017122–135-373) She has been called a " gay icon (/wiki/Gay_icon) " by Taylor Henderson of Out (/wiki/Out_(magazine)) , noting how "I Kissed a Girl" helped fans explore their sexuality and how Perry openly embraced the LGBTQ+ community (/wiki/LGBT_community) . [266] (#cite_note-Out2021-266) Perry's music has been described by Out as having a "lasting legacy", with American singers Fletcher (/wiki/Fletcher_(singer)) sampling "I Kissed a Girl" and Olivia Rodrigo (/wiki/Olivia_Rodrigo) referencing Teenage Dream on " Brutal (/wiki/Brutal_(song)) ". [266] (#cite_note-Out2021-266) Additionally, other artists such as Halsey (/wiki/Halsey_(singer)) and Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) have praised Perry's work, with Halsey calling Teenage Dream the "perfect pop album" and Grande saying "The One That Got Away" is "one of the biggest and most perfectly written pop songs ever from one of the best pop albums of all time." [374] (#cite_note-374) [375] (#cite_note-:2-375) Other ventures Philanthropy Perry became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in December 2013. Perry has supported various charitable organizations and causes throughout her career. She has contributed to organizations aimed at improving the lives and welfare of children in particular. In April 2013, she joined UNICEF (/wiki/UNICEF) to assist children in Madagascar with education and nutrition. [376] (#cite_note-376) On December 3, 2013, she was officially named a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador (/wiki/List_of_UNICEF_Goodwill_Ambassadors) , "with a special focus on engaging young people in the agency's work to improve the lives of the world's most vulnerable children and adolescents." [377] (#cite_note-UNICEFGoodwillAmbassador-377) She arranged for a portion of the money generated from tickets to her Prismatic World Tour to go to UNICEF. [378] (#cite_note-PrismaticNorthAmerica-378) In September 2010, she helped build and design the Boys Hope/Girls Hope foundation shelter for youth in Baltimore, Maryland along with Raven-Symoné (/wiki/Raven-Symon%C3%A9) , Shaquille O'Neal (/wiki/Shaquille_O%27Neal) , and the cast of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (/wiki/Extreme_Makeover:_Home_Edition) . [379] (#cite_note-379) In 2010, Perry and Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) performed a cover of " Girls Just Want to Have Fun (/wiki/Girls_Just_Want_to_Have_Fun) " for service members during the 2010 VH1 (/wiki/VH1) Divas Salute the Troops concert. [380] (#cite_note-380) She has also supported children's education and well-being. All profits from sales of the album The Gay Nineties Old Tyme Music: Daisy Bell , which includes her rendition of " Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two) (/wiki/Daisy_Bell) ", were donated to the charity Little Kids Rock (/wiki/Little_Kids_Rock) , which supports musical education in underprivileged elementary schools. [185] (#cite_note-MarkRyder-185) In June 2014, she teamed up with Staples Inc. (/wiki/Staples_Inc.) for a project entitled "Make Roar Happen" which donated $1 million to DonorsChoose (/wiki/DonorsChoose) , an organization that supports teachers and funds classroom resources in public schools. [381] (#cite_note-381) In May 2016, she worked with UNICEF to improve child care quality in Vietnam, hoping to "break the cycle of poverty and drastically improve children's health, education and well-being". [382] (#cite_note-382) The following month, UNICEF announced that Perry would receive the Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) Humanitarian Award "for her work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in support of the world's most vulnerable children" at their annual Snowflake Ball in November. [383] (#cite_note-383) All Spotify streams of her 2021 cover of "All You Need Is Love" will generate $1 in donations for the charity Baby2Baby (/wiki/Baby2Baby) . [277] (#cite_note-AllYouNeedIsLove-277) Perry and Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (right) performing for service members during the 2010 VH1 Divas Salute the Troops concert Perry has supported organizations aimed at aiding people suffering with diseases including cancer and HIV/AIDS (/wiki/HIV/AIDS) . During the 2008 Warped Tour, she had a cast made of her breasts to raise money for the Keep A Breast Foundation (/wiki/Keep_A_Breast_Foundation) . [384] (#cite_note-384) She hosted and performed at the We Can Survive concert along with Bonnie McKee (/wiki/Bonnie_McKee) , Kacey Musgraves (/wiki/Kacey_Musgraves) , Sara Bareilles (/wiki/Sara_Bareilles) , Ellie Goulding (/wiki/Ellie_Goulding) , and duo Tegan and Sara (/wiki/Tegan_and_Sara) at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California, on October 23, 2013. The concert's profits were donated to Young Survival Coalition (/wiki/Young_Survival_Coalition) , an organization aiding breast cancer in young women. [385] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Bowl-385) In June 2009, she designed an item of clothing for H&M (/wiki/H%26M) 's "Fashion Against AIDS" campaign, which raises money for HIV/AIDS awareness projects. [386] (#cite_note-386) On February 26, 2017, she served as a co-chair alongside various celebrities such as Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Lea Michele (/wiki/Lea_Michele) , Jim Carrey (/wiki/Jim_Carrey) , Jared Leto (/wiki/Jared_Leto) , and Kevin Spacey (/wiki/Kevin_Spacey) for the 25th Annual Elton John AIDS Foundation Academy Award Party (/wiki/Elton_John_AIDS_Foundation_Academy_Award_Party) , a fundraiser for HIV/AIDS healthcare. [387] (#cite_note-387) The proceeds from Perry's single "Part of Me" were donated to the charity MusiCares (/wiki/MusiCares) , which helps musicians in times of need. [388] (#cite_note-388) During her California Dreams Tour, she raised over $175,000 for the Tickets-For-Charity fundraiser. The money was divided between three charities: the Children's Health Fund (/wiki/Children%27s_Health_Fund) (CHF), Generosity Water, and The Humane Society of the United States (/wiki/The_Humane_Society_of_the_United_States) . [389] (#cite_note-389) On her 27th birthday, Perry set up a donations page for the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (/wiki/Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals) Auckland, [390] (#cite_note-390) and set up a similar page benefiting the David Lynch Foundation (/wiki/David_Lynch_Foundation) for her 28th birthday. [391] (#cite_note-391) On March 29, 2014, she helped raise $2.4 million for the Museum of Contemporary Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Los_Angeles) in Los Angeles along with other celebrities such as Ryan Seacrest (/wiki/Ryan_Seacrest) , Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) , Tim Allen (/wiki/Tim_Allen) , Lisa Edelstein (/wiki/Lisa_Edelstein) , and Riley Keough (/wiki/Riley_Keough) . [392] (#cite_note-392) Perry performed at the One Love Manchester (/wiki/One_Love_Manchester) benefit concert for the victims of the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing (/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing) , among various performers including its organizer Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) , which was broadcast live on June 4, 2017, on radio and television stations around the world. [393] (#cite_note-393) In March 2018, Perry announced Witness: Coming Home , a benefit concert that was held in her hometown of Santa Barbara on May 19, 2018. The concert benefited those recovering from the aftermath of the 2017 California wildfires (/wiki/2017_California_wildfires) and 2018 Southern California mudflows (/wiki/2018_Southern_California_mudflows) . Perry partnered with the Santa Barbara Foundation, the 93108 Fund and The 805 UndocuFund, organizations which help in assisting members of the community in the Santa Barbara area through grants and various philanthropic efforts. [394] (#cite_note-WitnessComingHome-394) Activism and political views Perry performed at multiple ceremonies for Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) during her 2016 campaign (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign) . Perry has publicly advocated for LGBT rights (/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States) and admitted that she wrote "I Kissed a Girl" about her own bisexual (/wiki/Bisexuality) experiences with other women. In 2017, she received a Nation Equality Award from Human Rights Campaign (/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign) for "using her powerful voice and international platform to speak out for LGBTQ equality". [395] (#cite_note-395) During her acceptance speech, she discussed having bisexual experiences, her fluid sexuality, and thanked the LGBTQ+ community (/wiki/LGBT_community) . [396] (#cite_note-396) In an Out interview in 2021, she was heralded as a " gay icon (/wiki/Gay_icon) " with "I Kissed a Girl" being called a "bonafide queer anthem". Perry continued to thank the LGBTQ+ community in the same interview, saying: "I came from a very sheltered upbringing where it wasn't okay to be friends with anyone from that community. And now that is my community." She also mentioned "I wouldn't have survived without the community and it's amazing how full circle it's come and how much growth has happened since I started." [266] (#cite_note-Out2021-266) Tomás Mier of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) remarked Perry "championed queer folks, especially drag queens (/wiki/Drag_queen) , throughout her career." [363] (#cite_note-:3-363) She dedicated the music video to her song "Firework" to the It Gets Better Project (/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project) . [397] (#cite_note-397) In June 2012, Perry expressed her hopes for LGBT equality, commenting "hopefully, we will look back at this moment and think like we do now concerning [other] civil rights (/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights) issues. We'll just shake our heads in disbelief, saying, 'Thank God we've evolved.' That would be my prayer for the future." [398] (#cite_note-398) In December 2012, Perry was awarded the Trevor Hero Award by The Trevor Project (/wiki/The_Trevor_Project) for her work and activism on behalf of LGBT youth. [399] (#cite_note-TrevorHero-399) Perry identifies as a feminist (/wiki/Feminism) , [400] (#cite_note-400) and appeared in April 2013 in a video clip for the "Chime for Change" campaign that aimed to spread female empowerment. [401] (#cite_note-401) She has also said that America's lack of free health care (/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States) drove her "absolutely crazy". [402] (#cite_note-402) Following the shooting at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando (/wiki/Orlando_nightclub_shooting) in June 2016, Perry and nearly 200 other artists and executives in music signed an open letter organized by Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) addressed to United States Congress (/wiki/United_States_Congress) demanding increased gun control (/wiki/Gun_control) in the United States. [403] (#cite_note-403) Through Twitter and by performing at rallies, Perry supported President Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) in his run for re-election and praised his support for same-sex marriage (/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States) [404] (#cite_note-bamanails-404) and LGBT equality. [405] (#cite_note-405) She performed at three rallies for Obama, in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Wisconsin, singing a rendition of " Let's Stay Together (/wiki/Let%27s_Stay_Together_(Al_Green_song)) " as well as a number of her songs. During her Las Vegas performance she wore a dress made to replicate a voting ballot, with Obama's box filled in. [406] (#cite_note-406) On Twitter, she encouraged her followers to vote for Obama. [407] (#cite_note-407) In August 2013, Perry voiced criticism of Tony Abbott (/wiki/Tony_Abbott) , then-leader of conservative Liberal Party of Australia (/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia) and candidate for Prime Minister of Australia (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia) , due to his opposition to gay marriage and told Abbott, "I love you as a human being but I can't give you my vote."; the statement came after Abbott expressed pride at learning of Perry's then-upcoming performance in Australia. [408] (#cite_note-TonyAbbott-408) In April 2014, she publicly supported Marianne Williamson (/wiki/Marianne_Williamson) in her campaign for California's 33rd congressional district (/wiki/California%27s_33rd_congressional_district) by attending a political press event. [409] (#cite_note-409) She endorsed Kamala Harris (/wiki/Kamala_Harris) in the United States Senate election in California (/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,_2016) , and organized a fundraiser for Harris at her home in Los Angeles in November 2016. [410] (#cite_note-410) Perry also publicly endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) for president in 2016 (/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election) . [411] (#cite_note-411) [412] (#cite_note-412) She performed alongside Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) at a fundraising concert for Clinton in New York City in March 2016. [413] (#cite_note-413) Perry also spoke and performed at the 2016 Democratic National Convention (/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention) in support of Clinton. [414] (#cite_note-414) Four years later, she supported Joe Biden (/wiki/Joe_Biden) and Kamala Harris during the 2020 United States presidential election (/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election) , praising the latter as a leader who had "experience we desperately need right now" and believed that the former "choosing her as his running mate is already a testament to his decision making". [415] (#cite_note-415) In 2022, Perry posted a picture of herself voting for conservative candidate Rick Caruso (/wiki/Rick_Caruso) in the 2022 Los Angeles mayoral election (/wiki/2022_Los_Angeles_mayoral_election) , for which she was heavily criticized by Democrats. [416] (#cite_note-416) Achievements See also: List of awards and nominations received by Katy Perry (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Katy_Perry) Perry at the ARIA Music Awards (/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards) in November 2014 Throughout her career, Perry has won five American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) , [417] (#cite_note-417) fourteen People's Choice Awards (/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards) , [418] (#cite_note-418) four Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) , [85] (#cite_note-Guinness2010-85) [110] (#cite_note-Guinness2013-110) [181] (#cite_note-Guinness2016-181) [342] (#cite_note-Guinness2015-342) a Brit Award (/wiki/Brit_Award) , [76] (#cite_note-Brit2009-76) and a Juno Award (/wiki/Juno_Award) . [102] (#cite_note-Juno2011-102) In September 2012, Billboard dubbed her the "Woman of the Year". [145] (#cite_note-WomanOfTheYear-145) From May 2010 to September 2011, the singer spent a record-breaking 69 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100. [111] (#cite_note-adeles-someone-111) [419] (#cite_note-billboardhot100perrycelebrates-419) Teenage Dream became the first album by a female artist to produce five number-one Billboard Hot 100 singles, and the second album overall after Michael Jackson's Bad . [108] (#cite_note-TieMichael-108) In the United States, she has accumulated nine number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100, her most recent being "Dark Horse", [169] (#cite_note-NumberOneHorse-169) and holds the record for having 18 consecutive number-one songs on the Billboard Dance Club Songs (/wiki/Dance_Club_Songs) chart. [420] (#cite_note-420) Billboard also named her the 15th most successful dance club artist of all time. [421] (#cite_note-421) The magazine additionally ranked her fourth on its "Greatest of All Time Pop Songs Artists" list, [422] (#cite_note-422) included Teenage Dream and Prism among its "Greatest of All Time Billboard 200 Albums by Women" list, [423] (#cite_note-423) and ranked "Dark Horse" at number 100 on its "Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Songs" [424] (#cite_note-424) as well as one of its "Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Songs by Women" along with "E.T.", "Firework", and "California Gurls". [425] (#cite_note-425) In June 2015, her music video for "Dark Horse" became the first video by a female artist to reach 1 billion views on Vevo. [426] (#cite_note-426) [427] (#cite_note-427) The following month, her music video for "Roar" reached 1 billion views on Vevo, making her the first artist to have multiple videos with 1 billion views. [428] (#cite_note-428) With 143 million records sold globally, Perry is one of the best-selling music artists of all time (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) . [429] (#cite_note-sales-429) She was declared the Top Global Female Recording Artist of 2013 by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). [182] (#cite_note-IFPI-182) According to RIAA, Perry is the ninth top digital singles artist (/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States) in the United States, with 121.5 million certified song units in the country including on-demand streams [430] (#cite_note-430) and also has 19 million certified album units, totaling 129.5 million certified units in the United States. [431] (#cite_note-431) She also became the first artist to have three songs receive Diamond certifications from the RIAA in 2017 with "Dark Horse", "Firework", and "Roar". [432] (#cite_note-432) All three of them and "E.T.", "California Gurls", and "Hot n Cold" have each sold over 5 million digital copies. [433] (#cite_note-Sales-433) Six years later, the RIAA certified "California Gurls" as her fourth diamond-certified (/wiki/List_of_music_recording_certifications) single in the U.S., breaking her tie with Lady Gaga as the female artist with the most diamond singles there. [434] (#cite_note-434) In 2011, Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) ranked her third on their "Top-Earning Women In Music" list with earnings of $44 million [435] (#cite_note-Forbes2011-435) and fifth on their 2012 list with $45 million. [436] (#cite_note-Forbes2012-436) She subsequently ranked seventh on the 2013 Forbes list for "Top-Earning Women In Music" with $39 million earned, [437] (#cite_note-437) and fifth on their 2014 list with $40 million. [438] (#cite_note-438) With earnings of $135 million, Forbes also ranked Perry number one on their 2015 "Top-Earning Women In Music" list as well as the "World's Highest-Paid Musicians" and declared her the highest earning female celebrity in 2015, placing her at number 3 on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. [439] (#cite_note-439) In 2016, the magazine estimated her net worth was $125 million, [440] (#cite_note-440) and ranked her number six on their list of "Highest-Paid Women in Music" with earnings of $41 million. [441] (#cite_note-441) The following year, she was ranked number nine on the list with $33 million. [442] (#cite_note-442) In 2018, she topped its "Highest-Paid Women in Music" listing and ranked at number four on the "Highest-Paid Female Celebrities" list, with earnings of $83 million. [443] (#cite_note-443) [444] (#cite_note-444) Perry subsequently was placed at number four on the 2019 "Highest-Paid Women in Music" listings, with $57.5 million. [445] (#cite_note-445) Later that year, with earnings of $530 million throughout the 2010s, the magazine also ranked her as the ninth-highest-earning musician of the decade. [446] (#cite_note-446) Perry is one of the wealthiest musical artists (/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth) ; during September 2023, Forbes surmised she had a net worth of $340 million. [447] (#cite_note-447) This increased to $350 million the following May, where Perry was included on the magazine's 2024 list of "America's Richest Self-Made Women". [448] (#cite_note-448) Discography Main articles: Katy Perry discography (/wiki/Katy_Perry_discography) and List of songs recorded by Katy Perry (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Katy_Perry) Katy Hudson (/wiki/Katy_Hudson_(album)) (2001) One of the Boys (/wiki/One_of_the_Boys) (2008) Teenage Dream (/wiki/Teenage_Dream_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2010) Prism (/wiki/Prism_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2013) Witness (/wiki/Witness_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2017) Smile (/wiki/Smile_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2020) 143 (/wiki/143_(Katy_Perry_album)) (2024) Filmography Main article: Katy Perry videography (/wiki/Katy_Perry_videography) The Smurfs (/wiki/The_Smurfs_(film)) (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (/wiki/Katy_Perry:_Part_of_Me) (2012) The Smurfs 2 (/wiki/The_Smurfs_2) (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (/wiki/Brand:_A_Second_Coming) (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (/wiki/The_Prismatic_World_Tour_Live) (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott:_The_People%27s_Designer) (2015) Zoolander 2 (/wiki/Zoolander_2) (2016) Tours and residency Main article: List of Katy Perry live performances (/wiki/List_of_Katy_Perry_live_performances) Headlining tours Hello Katy Tour (/wiki/Hello_Katy_Tour) (2009) California Dreams Tour (/wiki/California_Dreams_Tour) (2011–2012) Prismatic World Tour (/wiki/Prismatic_World_Tour) (2014–2015) Witness: The Tour (/wiki/Witness:_The_Tour) (2017–2018) Co-headlining tours Strangely Normal Tour (with Phil Joel (/wiki/Phil_Joel) ) (2001) Residency Play (/wiki/Play_(concert_residency)) (2021–2023) See also Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Pop music portal (/wiki/Portal:Pop_music) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) List of best-selling music artists (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) List of most-followed Twitter accounts (/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Twitter_accounts) List of (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Social_50_number-one_artists) Billboard Social 50 number-one artists (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Social_50_number-one_artists) List of highest-certified music artists in the United States (/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States) Forbes list of highest-earning musicians (/wiki/Forbes_list_of_highest-earning_musicians) References Citations ^ (#cite_ref-1) White, Jack (September 21, 2021). "Katy Perry's 2019 single Harleys in Hawaii enjoys huge uplift thanks to TikTok" (https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/katy-perrys-2019-single-harleys-in-hawaii-enjoys-huge-uplift-in-streams-as-you-and-i-tiktok-trend-takes-off__34076/) . Official Charts Company (/wiki/Official_Charts_Company) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211220050120/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/katy-perrys-2019-single-harleys-in-hawaii-enjoys-huge-uplift-in-streams-as-you-and-i-tiktok-trend-takes-off__34076/) from the original on December 20, 2021 . Retrieved September 26, 2021 . Harleys in Hawaii's upturn has seen its parent album Smile surpass one billion streams on the platform, joining Katy's four other albums One Of The Boys, Teenage Dream, Prism and Witness. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry201205:23_2-0) Perry 2012 (#movie) , 05:23. ^ a b Friedlander 2012 (#CITEREFFriedlander2012) , p. 15 ^ a b c Graff, Gary (February 21, 2009). "Interview: Katy Perry – Hot N Bold" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090307025809/http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Interview-Katy-Perry--Hot.4988069.jp) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . Archived from the original (http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Interview-Katy-Perry--Hot.4988069.jp) on March 7, 2009 . Retrieved February 28, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cowlin 2014 (#CITEREFCowlin2014) , pp. 11, 51 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Robinson, Lisa (May 3, 2011). "Katy Perry's Grand Tour" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141025031343/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/06/katy-perry-full-201106) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/06/katy-perry-full-201106) on October 25, 2014 . Retrieved January 23, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Martins, Chris (September 4, 2012). "Katy Perry's Lil Bro Hudson Would Like to Be a Pop Star Too" (https://www.spin.com/2012/09/katy-perrys-little-brother-hudson-to-you-video/) . Spin (/wiki/Spin_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002326/https://www.spin.com/2012/09/katy-perrys-little-brother-hudson-to-you-video/) from the original on May 2, 2014 . Retrieved April 30, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Friedlander 2012 (#CITEREFFriedlander2012) , p. 7 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Masley, Ed (January 9, 2015). "Katy Perry talks Super Bowl, Scottsdale childhood" (https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/09/interview-katy-perry-talks-super-bowl-halftime-show/21497063/) . The Arizona Republic (/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230603104546/https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/01/09/interview-katy-perry-talks-super-bowl-halftime-show/21497063/) from the original on June 3, 2023 . Retrieved January 9, 2015 . ^ a b c Wallace, Amy (January 19, 2014). "Katy Perry's GQ Cover Story" (https://www.gq.com/women/photos/201402/katy-perry-cover-story-february-2014) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140207095700/http://www.gq.com/women/photos/201402/katy-perry-cover-story-february-2014) from the original on February 7, 2014 . Retrieved February 6, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-RS2010_11-0) Grigoriadis, Vanessa (August 19, 2010). "Sex, God & Katy Perry" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/sex-god-katy-perry-rolling-stones-2010-cover-story-20110607) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140408225922/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/sex-god-katy-perry-rolling-stones-2010-cover-story-20110607) from the original on April 8, 2014 . Retrieved May 20, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hudson 2012 (#CITEREFHudson2012) , p. 27 ^ a b Montgomery, James (June 23, 2008). "Katy Perry Dishes on Her 'Long And Winding Road' From Singing Gospel To Kissing Girls" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140502061332/http://www.mtv.com/news/1589848/katy-perry-dishes-on-her-long-and-winding-road-from-singing-gospel-to-kissing-girls/) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/1589848/katy-perry-dishes-on-her-long-and-winding-road-from-singing-gospel-to-kissing-girls/) on May 2, 2014 . Retrieved February 15, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-Childhood_14-0) "Katy Perry Discusses Evangelical Childhood, Term 'Deviled Eggs' Banned from House" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471742/katy-perry-discusses-evangelical-childhood-term-deviled-eggs-banned-from-house) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . May 4, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140322015923/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471742/katy-perry-discusses-evangelical-childhood-term-deviled-eggs-banned-from-house) from the original on March 22, 2014 . Retrieved February 6, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry201222:22_15-0) Perry 2012 (#movie) , 22:22. ^ a b Hoffman, Claire (December 9, 2013). "Katy Conquers All" (http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/katy-perry-feature-katheryn-hudson) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131212083655/http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/katy-perry-feature-katheryn-hudson) from the original on December 12, 2013 . Retrieved December 10, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Friedlander 2012 (#CITEREFFriedlander2012) , pp. 8, 18 ^ (#cite_ref-18) Hudson 2012 (#CITEREFHudson2012) , p. 41 ^ (#cite_ref-19) Friedlander 2012 (#CITEREFFriedlander2012) , p. 18 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Hudson 2012 (#CITEREFHudson2012) , p. 25 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Summers 2012 (#CITEREFSummers2012) , p. 37 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Spencer, Amy (January 6, 2010). "Katy Perry (she kisses boys, too!)" (http://www.glamour.com/magazine/2010/01/katy-perry-she-kisses-boys-too) . 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ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780718158248 . Summers, Kimberly Dillon (2012). Katy Perry: A Biography . ABC-CLIO (/wiki/ABC-CLIO) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4408-0100-6 . External links Katy Perry at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Katy_Perry) from Commons Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Katy_Perry) from Wikiquote Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42493) from Wikidata Official website (https://www.katyperry.com/) Katy Perry (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000859589) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Katy Perry (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2953537/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Katy Perry (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/122d63fc-8671-43e4-9752-34e846d62a9c) discography at MusicBrainz (/wiki/MusicBrainz) Katy Perry (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/katy_perry) at Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) v t e Katy Perry Discography (/wiki/Katy_Perry_discography) Videography (/wiki/Katy_Perry_videography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Katy_Perry) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Katy_Perry) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Katy_Perry_live_performances) Studio albums Katy Hudson (/wiki/Katy_Hudson_(album)) One of the Boys (/wiki/One_of_the_Boys) Teenage Dream (/wiki/Teenage_Dream_(Katy_Perry_album)) The Complete Confection (/wiki/Teenage_Dream:_The_Complete_Confection) Prism (/wiki/Prism_(Katy_Perry_album)) Witness (/wiki/Witness_(Katy_Perry_album)) Smile (/wiki/Smile_(Katy_Perry_album)) 143 (/wiki/143_(Katy_Perry_album)) Extended plays Ur So Gay (/wiki/Ur_So_Gay_(EP)) MTV Unplugged (/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Katy_Perry_EP)) Singles " I Kissed a Girl (/wiki/I_Kissed_a_Girl) " " Hot n Cold (/wiki/Hot_n_Cold) " " Thinking of You (/wiki/Thinking_of_You_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Waking Up in Vegas (/wiki/Waking_Up_in_Vegas) " " California Gurls (/wiki/California_Gurls) " " Teenage Dream (/wiki/Teenage_Dream_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Firework (/wiki/Firework_(song)) " " E.T. (/wiki/E.T._(song)) " " Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.) (/wiki/Last_Friday_Night_(T.G.I.F.)) " " The One That Got Away (/wiki/The_One_That_Got_Away_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Part of Me (/wiki/Part_of_Me_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Wide Awake (/wiki/Wide_Awake_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Roar (/wiki/Roar_(song)) " " Unconditionally (/wiki/Unconditionally) " " Dark Horse (/wiki/Dark_Horse_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Birthday (/wiki/Birthday_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " This Is How We Do (/wiki/This_Is_How_We_Do) " " Rise (/wiki/Rise_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Chained to the Rhythm (/wiki/Chained_to_the_Rhythm) " " Bon Appétit (/wiki/Bon_App%C3%A9tit_(song)) " " Swish Swish (/wiki/Swish_Swish) " " Save as Draft (/wiki/Save_as_Draft) " " Hey Hey Hey (/wiki/Hey_Hey_Hey) " " Cozy Little Christmas (/wiki/Cozy_Little_Christmas) " " Never Really Over (/wiki/Never_Really_Over) " " Small Talk (/wiki/Small_Talk_(song)) " " Harleys in Hawaii (/wiki/Harleys_in_Hawaii) " " Never Worn White (/wiki/Never_Worn_White) " " Daisies (/wiki/Daisies_(song)) " " Smile (/wiki/Smile_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Not the End of the World (/wiki/Not_the_End_of_the_World_(song)) " " Electric (/wiki/Electric_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Woman's World (/wiki/Woman%27s_World_(Katy_Perry_song)) " Other songs " Ur So Gay (/wiki/Ur_So_Gay) " " Not Like the Movies (/wiki/Not_Like_the_Movies) " " Circle the Drain (/wiki/Circle_the_Drain_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " Peacock (/wiki/Peacock_(song)) " " Hummingbird Heartbeat (/wiki/Hummingbird_Heartbeat) " " Dressin' Up (/wiki/Dressin%27_Up) " " Walking on Air (/wiki/Walking_on_Air_(Katy_Perry_song)) " " By the Grace of God (/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God_(song)) " " Every Day Is a Holiday (/wiki/Every_Day_Is_a_Holiday) " " Waving Through a Window (/wiki/Waving_Through_a_Window) " " What Makes a Woman (/wiki/What_Makes_a_Woman) " " Cry About It Later (/wiki/Cry_About_It_Later) " " Resilient (/wiki/Resilient_(Katy_Perry_song)) " Collaborations " Starstrukk (/wiki/Starstrukk) " " If We Ever Meet Again (/wiki/If_We_Ever_Meet_Again) " " Who You Love (/wiki/Who_You_Love) " " Feels (/wiki/Feels_(song)) " " 365 (/wiki/365_(Zedd_and_Katy_Perry_song)) " " Con Calma (/wiki/Con_Calma#Remix_version) " " When I'm Gone (/wiki/When_I%27m_Gone_(Alesso_and_Katy_Perry_song)) " Concerts Hello Katy Tour (/wiki/Hello_Katy_Tour) California Dreams Tour (/wiki/California_Dreams_Tour) Prismatic World Tour (/wiki/Prismatic_World_Tour) Witness: The Tour (/wiki/Witness:_The_Tour) Play (/wiki/Play_(concert_residency)) Related articles Katy Perry: Part of Me (/wiki/Katy_Perry:_Part_of_Me) The Prismatic World Tour Live (/wiki/The_Prismatic_World_Tour_Live) Unsub Records (/wiki/Unsub_Records) Frank Perry (/wiki/Frank_Perry) (uncle) Russell Brand (/wiki/Russell_Brand) (ex-husband) Orlando Bloom (/wiki/Orlando_Bloom) (fiancé) The Matrix (/wiki/The_Matrix_(album)) Super Bowl XLIX halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLIX_halftime_show) Katy Perry Live: Witness World Wide (/wiki/Katy_Perry_Live:_Witness_World_Wide) Gray v. Perry (/wiki/Gray_v._Perry) Pokémon 25th Anniversary (/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_25th_Anniversary) Category (/wiki/Category:Katy_Perry) Awards for Katy Perry (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Katy_Perry) v t e American Music Award for Favorite Adult Contemporary Artist (/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Adult_Contemporary_Artist) Natalie Cole (/wiki/Natalie_Cole) (1992) Michael Bolton (/wiki/Michael_Bolton) (1993) Kenny G (/wiki/Kenny_G) (1994) Michael Bolton (/wiki/Michael_Bolton) (1995) Eagles (/wiki/Eagles_(band)) (1996) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1997) Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) (1998) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (1999) Phil Collins (/wiki/Phil_Collins) (2000) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (2001) Sade (/wiki/Sade_(band)) (2002) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (2003) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (2003) Sheryl Crow (/wiki/Sheryl_Crow) (2004) Kelly Clarkson (/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson) (2005) Kelly Clarkson (/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson) (2006) Daughtry (/wiki/Daughtry_(band)) (2007) Jordin Sparks (/wiki/Jordin_Sparks) (2008) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2009) Michael Bublé (/wiki/Michael_Bubl%C3%A9) (2010) Adele (/wiki/Adele) (2011) Adele (/wiki/Adele) (2012) Maroon 5 (/wiki/Maroon_5) (2013) Katy Perry (2014) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2015) Adele (/wiki/Adele) (2016) Shawn Mendes (/wiki/Shawn_Mendes) (2017) Shawn Mendes (/wiki/Shawn_Mendes) (2018) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2019) Jonas Brothers (/wiki/Jonas_Brothers) (2020) v t e American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist (/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist) Helen Reddy (/wiki/Helen_Reddy) (1974) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1975) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1976) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1977) Linda Ronstadt (/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt) (1978) Linda Ronstadt (/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt) (1979) Donna Summer (/wiki/Donna_Summer) (1980) Barbra Streisand (/wiki/Barbra_Streisand) (1981) Pat Benatar (/wiki/Pat_Benatar) (1982) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1983) Pat Benatar (/wiki/Pat_Benatar) (1984) Cyndi Lauper (/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper) (1985) Tina Turner (/wiki/Tina_Turner) (1986) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1987) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1988) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1989) Paula Abdul (/wiki/Paula_Abdul) (1990) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) (1991) Paula Abdul (/wiki/Paula_Abdul) (1992) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1993) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1994) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1995) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1996) Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) (1997) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (1998) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (1999) Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) (2000) Faith Hill (/wiki/Faith_Hill) (2001) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) (2002) Sheryl Crow (/wiki/Sheryl_Crow) (2003) Jennifer Lopez 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katy_Perry&oldid=1235894105 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katy_Perry&oldid=1235894105) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Katy Perry (/wiki/Category:Katy_Perry) 1984 births (/wiki/Category:1984_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 21st-century American actresses (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_actresses) 21st-century American songwriters (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_songwriters) 21st-century American women singers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_singers) 21st-century American women guitarists (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_guitarists) Activists from California (/wiki/Category:Activists_from_California) American contraltos (/wiki/Category:American_contraltos) American dance-pop musicians (/wiki/Category:American_dance-pop_musicians) American women pop 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French fashion designer (born 1978) Christine Phung Born ( 1978-10-11 ) October 11, 1978 (age 45) Levallois Perret Nationality France/Cambodia Known for Fashion designer (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) Christine Phung (born October 11, 1978) is a French fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in Paris. Phung is highly regarded for her digital prints. She is the founder of her own eponymous fashion label and the current creative director at Leonard Paris. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Christine Phung was born to a Cambodian (/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia) father and French mother. After attending the Ecole des Beaux-Arts at Rueil-Malmaison, she studied fashion design at the Ecole d'Art Appliqué Duperré (/wiki/Duperr%C3%A9) in Paris before joining the l' Institut Français de la Mode (/wiki/Institut_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_la_Mode) in 2002. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Prior to Phung launching her ready-to-wear label, she worked as a fashion designer for various houses including Christophe Lemaire (/wiki/Christophe_Lemaire) , Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) , See by Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) , Vanessa Bruno (/wiki/Vanessa_Bruno) , Sonia Rykiel (/wiki/Sonia_Rykiel) and sportswear brands Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) , Rossignol (/wiki/Skis_Rossignol) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Veja (/wiki/Veja_Sneakers) , [4] (#cite_note-4) along with a stint in childrenswear at Baby Dior (/wiki/Dior) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2008, her pieces were exhibited at the Musée d'Art Moderne in Liège for the Design Biennale. In 2011 Christine Phung launched eponymous fashion label. In 2013 Christine Phung joined the official Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) calendar. During her nine collections, Christine Phung developed an aesthetic between strict elegance and luxury sportswear. She can be seen as one who experiments with fluidly, colorful and architecture of the garment. Phung is noted for her inspiration by digital aesthetics and fascination of geometry found in nature. She is also interested in traditional techniques, such as folds, [7] (#cite_note-7) patchwork, and embroidery, screen printing, which she has modernized. In 2015 and 2016 she designed two collections for French house Georges Rech. [8] (#cite_note-8) In March 2016, she was named creative director for Leonard Paris. [9] (#cite_note-9) Awards [ edit ] Finalist in the MANGO Fashion Awards (/wiki/MANGO_Fashion_Awards) in 2011 [10] (#cite_note-10) Grand Prix de la Création from the city of Paris in 2011 [11] (#cite_note-11) The ANDAM (/wiki/ANDAM) [12] (#cite_note-12) Award for First Collection in 2013. [13] (#cite_note-13) First Prize of the Aubusson Aime la Mode Award from the Tapestry d' Aubusson (/wiki/Aubusson,_Creuse) in 2015 [14] (#cite_note-14) Collaborations [ edit ] 2010-2012 Created a line of shoes with fashion designer Marion Hanania founder for the label Vegan Good Guys 2013 Created silicon injected lace for the SS14 collection of textile designer Tzuri Gueta (/wiki/Tzuri_Gueta) 2014 Collaborated on the FW14/15 collection for textile designer Janaïna Milheiro 2014 Created an exclusive collection of bags for leather designer Florian Denicourt 2015 Designer belts for leather brand Les Brutalistes 2015 Capsule collection for La Redoute (/wiki/La_Redoute) [15] (#cite_note-15) 2015 Created a print with artist Philippe Decrauzat for SS16 [16] (#cite_note-16) 2016 Created a print with artist Mathieu Mercier for FW16/17 with pieces exhibited at Galerie Joyce [17] (#cite_note-17) 2016 Leather capsule collection in collaboration with Galeries Lafayette [18] (#cite_note-18) 2016 Collaboration with designer Lucas de Staël for exclusive handmade glasses [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "L'art de la matière de Christine Phung, créatrice avant-gardiste" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/tendances/christine-phung-le-parcours-sans-relache-dune-jeune-creatrice-071114-82568) . Le Figaro Madame . November 13, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "L'IFM - Focus : Christine Phung (IFM/Création 2002)" (http://www.ifm-paris.com/fr/actualite/item/61077-focus-christine-phung-ifmcreation-2002.html) . www.ifm-paris.com (in French) . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Quand le biathlon rencontre la mode parisienne - News Nordic - ROSSIGNOL" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171120182800/http://www.rossignol.com/FR/FR/news--4spw7rd7gazw.html) . www.rossignol.com . Archived from the original (http://www.rossignol.com/FR/FR/news--4spw7rd7gazw.html) on 2017-11-20 . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Veja + Christine Phung | Veja" (http://blog.veja.fr/en/veja-christine-phung) . blog.veja.fr . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Entretien avec Christine Phung" (http://modelab.fr/entretien-avec-christine-phung/) . ModLab . 30 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Institut Français de la Mode — Nouvelle collection Baby Dior Hiver 2011 réalisée..." (https://ifm-paris.tumblr.com/post/6828765947/nouvelle-collection-baby-dior-hiver-2011-r%C3%A9alis%C3%A9e) Institut Français de la Mode . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Haute Couture et savoir-faire (II) : les plissés de l'Atelier Lognon" (https://fashionunited.fr/actualite/mode/haute-couture-et-savoir-faire-ii-les-plisses-de-l-atelier-lognon/2017012412302) . 24 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "L'instant mode : les créations de Christine Phung pour Georges Rech - Elle" (http://www.elle.fr/Mode/Les-news-mode/L-instant-mode-les-creations-de-Christine-Phung-pour-Georges-Rech-3096025) . 2016-05-13 . Retrieved 2016-09-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Christine Phung, nouvelle directrice de la création de Leonard Paris - Elle" (http://www.elle.fr/Mode/Les-news-mode/Christine-Phung-nouvelle-directrice-artistique-de-Leonard-Paris-3077101) . www.elle.fr . 2016-04-01 . Retrieved 2016-04-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Mango: une Française parmi les dix finalistes du concours de créateurs" (http://fr.fashionmag.com/news/Mango-une-Francaise-parmi-les-dix-finalistes-du-concours-de-createurs,242172.html#.VfQ1Mpe_tNU) . FashionMag . March 19, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Les grands prix de la création de la Ville de Paris - D'DAYS" (http://www.ddays.net/exposants/2012-les-grands-prix-de-la-creation-de-la-ville-de-paris) . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-12) "CHRISTINE PHUNG" (http://andam.fr/en/laureats-presentation/christine-phung/) . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "AMI et Christine Phung récompensés par l'ANDAM" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode/andam-2013-ami-et-christine-phung-recompenses-par-l-andam_1264120.html) . L'Express Styles . July 5, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Christine Phung remporte le prix Aubusson" (https://archive.today/20160113214243/http://www.ateliersdeparis.com/a-savoir/christine-phung-remporte-le-prix-aubusson/) . www.ateliersdeparis.com . Archived from the original (http://www.ateliersdeparis.com/a-savoir/christine-phung-remporte-le-prix-aubusson/) on 2016-01-13 . Retrieved 2016-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Christine Phung x La Redoute, 3 questions à la créatrice…" (http://www.marieclaire.fr/,christine-phung-x-la-redoute-3-questions-a-la-creatrice,739450.asp) . Retrieved 2016-09-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Mes goûts et mes couleurs : Christine Phung twiste les imprimés graphiques" (http://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/tendances/mode/mes-gouts-et-mes-couleurs-christine-phung-twiste-les-imprimes-graphiques-245519) . Retrieved 2016-09-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "La Quadrature du Cercle" (http://www.joyce.com/art-article/la-quadrature-du-cercle/) . Retrieved 2016-09-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "CAPSULE CHRISTINE PHUNHG" (http://www.bhv.fr/actus/capsule-christine-phunhg/) . www.bhv.fr . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Collection Lucas de Staël + Christine Phung - Luxe & Passions" (https://www.luxe-et-passions.com/Collection_Lucas_de_Stael_et_Christine_Phung.html) . www.luxe-et-passions.com . Retrieved 2017-09-24 . 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"Cyclone" Artist Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) Year 1939 Location Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , US Accession No. C.I.46.4.18a, b Identifiers The Met object ID: 82103 (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82103) [ edit on Wikidata (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29383466) ] "Cyclone" is a black evening dress (/wiki/Evening_gown) created by grand couturier (/wiki/List_of_grand_couturiers) Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) in 1939. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) (The Costume Institute). [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) History [ edit ] Lanvin's daughter Comtesse Jean de Polignac (née Marguerite di Pietro, also known as Marie-Blanche) wore this dress in 1939. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The dress also has a detachable pocket that could be worn around the waist on a thin belt. Variations [ edit ] There is another version of this dress at the Kunstgewerbemuseum (/wiki/Kunstgewerbemuseum_Berlin) in Berlin, Germany (/wiki/Berlin) , which has an identical skirt but a different bodice. [3] (#cite_note-3) Primary sources indicate that there was a pink version worn by the wife of the French ambassador to Britain, as well as another black version in the Palais Galliera (/wiki/Palais_Galliera) in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris) . [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The black version in Paris also has the detachable pocket. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Exhibitions [ edit ] 1940, "Exhibition of Dresses Worn by Well-known Women of Europe and America," The John Wanamaker (/wiki/John_Wanamaker) Auditorium in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) 1941, "Paris Openings, 1932–1940," at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) 1951, "Seeds of Fashion" at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) 2002–2003, "Blithe Spirit: The Windsor Set" at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e " (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82103) "Cyclone" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82103) " (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82103) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . ^ Jump up to: a b DeGregorio, William (2018-09-03). " (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1362704X.2018.1425394) "Hallowed with Memory": The Colis de Trianon Collections of Costume and Haute Couture at the Costume Institute" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1362704X.2018.1425394) . Fashion Theory . 22 (4–5): 457–484. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/1362704X.2018.1425394 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1362704X.2018.1425394) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-704X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 192264677 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192264677) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) " (https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/“robe-cyclone”-evening-gown-jeanne-lanvin/3gHVs1pBZ5ztxg) 'Robe Cyclone' Evening Gown - Jeanne Lanvin" (https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/“robe-cyclone”-evening-gown-jeanne-lanvin/3gHVs1pBZ5ztxg) . Google Arts & Culture . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220108023909/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/%E2%80%9Crobe-cyclone%E2%80%9D-evening-gown-jeanne-lanvin/3gHVs1pBZ5ztxg) from the original on 2022-01-08 . Retrieved 2021-03-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/palais-galliera/oeuvres/cyclone) "Cyclone" (https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/palais-galliera/oeuvres/cyclone) " (https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/palais-galliera/oeuvres/cyclone) . Paris Musées (in French) . Retrieved 2021-03-12 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_(Jeanne_Lanvin)&oldid=1177345265 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_(Jeanne_Lanvin)&oldid=1177345265) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Category:Clothing_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Individual dresses (/wiki/Category:Individual_dresses) Black dresses (/wiki/Category:Black_dresses) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles using Infobox artwork/wikidata using locally defined parameters (/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Infobox_artwork/wikidata_using_locally_defined_parameters) Created via preloaddraft (/wiki/Category:Created_via_preloaddraft) Metropolitan Museum of Art 2021 drafts (/wiki/Category:Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_2021_drafts) |
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American fashion designer Mel Ottenberg Editor-in-chief of Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) Incumbent (/wiki/Incumbent) Assumed office 2021 Personal details Born 1976 (age 47–48) Occupation Wardrobe stylist, magazine editor Mel Ottenberg (born 1976) is an American wardrobe stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) and is the editor-in-chief of Interview magazine (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Since 2011, he has worked as Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) 's stylist as well as numerous other high profile musicians, actresses, and celebrities. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) He lives and works in New York, New York (/wiki/New_York_City) . [8] (#cite_note-SSENSE-8) Early life and education [ edit ] Ottenberg grew up in Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , the child of a baker and a magazine designer/publisher. [8] (#cite_note-SSENSE-8) Work [ edit ] Ottenberg has worked on campaigns for Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) and Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) . He served as fashion director of 032c (/wiki/032c) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) and collaborated with numerous photographers including Inez and Vinoodh (/wiki/Inez_and_Vinoodh) , Mario Sorrenti (/wiki/Mario_Sorrenti) , Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(artist)) , Terry Richardson (/wiki/Terry_Richardson) , Wong Kar-Wai (/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai) and Collier Schorr (/wiki/Collier_Schorr) . [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) His work has appeared in publications like Purple (/wiki/Purple_(magazine)) , [12] (#cite_note-12) Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Dazed & Confused [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) , [15] (#cite_note-15) and T . (/wiki/T_(magazine)) [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) In addition to fashion editorials, he has worked extensively with musicians for projects such as Troye Sivan's (/wiki/Troye_Sivan) "My My My!" (/wiki/My_My_My!_(Troye_Sivan_song)) music video, [16] (#cite_note-16) Björk's (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) Vulnicura (/wiki/Vulnicura) album cover, [17] (#cite_note-17) and Alicia Keys’ 2019 Grammy Awards (/wiki/61st_Annual_Grammy_Awards) hosting duties. Ottenberg has worked with celebrities including Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) , [18] (#cite_note-18) Lana Del Rey (/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey) , [19] (#cite_note-19) Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) , [20] (#cite_note-20) Chloë Sevigny (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Sevigny) , [21] (#cite_note-independent.ie-21) James Franco (/wiki/James_Franco) , [22] (#cite_note-22) Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , [21] (#cite_note-independent.ie-21) and Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) . [23] (#cite_note-:0-23) [24] (#cite_note-:1-24) [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Interview Magazine [ edit ] In 2018, Ottenberg became Interview magazine's creative director. [23] (#cite_note-:0-23) [24] (#cite_note-:1-24) Ottenberg was named Editor-In-Chief of Interview in 2021. [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hastreiter, Kim (August 27, 2021). "Mel Ottenberg Takes Over Interview Magazine as Top Editor" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/27/style/mel-ottenberg-interview-magazine.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved December 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Schneier, Matthew (May 28, 2014). "Rihanna's Style Has a Name: Mel Ottenberg" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/fashion/rihanna-style-stylist-mel-ottenberg.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210607160947/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/29/fashion/rihanna-style-stylist-mel-ottenberg.html) from the original on June 7, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Meet Mel Ottenberg: The Fashion Vet Who's More Than Just Riri's... - RachelHodin" (https://cargocollective.com/rachelhodin/Meet-Mel-Ottenberg-The-Fashion-Vet-Who-s-More-Than-Just-Riri-s-Stylist) . cargocollective.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210710212312/https://cargocollective.com/rachelhodin/Meet-Mel-Ottenberg-The-Fashion-Vet-Who-s-More-Than-Just-Riri-s-Stylist) from the original on July 10, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Making of a Met Gala Icon: Stylist Mel Ottenberg Breaks Down Rihanna's Best Looks" (https://www.vogue.com/article/rihannas-best-met-gala-looks-mel-ottenberg-reveals-all) . Vogue . May 9, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210525120340/https://www.vogue.com/article/rihannas-best-met-gala-looks-mel-ottenberg-reveals-all) from the original on May 25, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rihanna's Stylist Mel Ottenberg Picks the Superstar's 19 Top Looks of All Time" (https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-best-looks-of-all-time-mel-ottenberg) . Vogue . May 30, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210122141255/https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-best-looks-of-all-time-mel-ottenberg) from the original on January 22, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rihanna's Longtime Stylist Mel Ottenberg on Her Stunning VMAs Outfits & Her 'Ravenous Appetite' for New Fashion" (https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/rihannas-longtime-stylist-mel-ottenberg-her-stunning-vmas-172820233.html) . www.yahoo.com . September 8, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210710212309/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/rihannas-longtime-stylist-mel-ottenberg-her-stunning-vmas-172820233.html) from the original on July 10, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Nasr, Samira (October 18, 2017). "Rihanna's Stylist Has His Eye on These 5 New Designers" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a12119570/expert-opinion-october-2017/) . ELLE . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200813093817/https://www.elle.com/fashion/a12119570/expert-opinion-october-2017/) from the original on August 13, 2020 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b SSENSE (May 31, 2019). "Mel Ottenberg Wants To Know: Are We Having Fun?" (https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/mel-ottenberg-wants-to-know-are-we-having-fun) . ssense . Retrieved June 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Mel Ottenberg" (https://www.stylectory.net/mel-ottenberg/) . Stylectory . January 19, 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210710212324/https://www.stylectory.net/mel-ottenberg/) from the original on July 10, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Quinto, Norma (June 20, 2013). "Mel Ottenberg Named 032c's Fashion Director" (https://wwd.com/business-news/media/mel-ottenberg-named-032cs-fashion-director-7003651/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210304133506/https://wwd.com/business-news/media/mel-ottenberg-named-032cs-fashion-director-7003651/) from the original on March 4, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Power Moves | Mel Ottenberg Appointed Fashion Director at 032c" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/power-moves-mel-ottenberg-appointed-fashion-director-at-032c) . The Business of Fashion . June 18, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210710212307/https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/power-moves-mel-ottenberg-appointed-fashion-director-at-032c) from the original on July 10, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Mel Ottenberg and Terry Richardson at the Purple Office, New York. Photo... - purple INSTITUTE" (https://purple.fr/diary/mel-ottenberg-and-terry-richardson-at-the-purple-office-new-york-photo/) . Purple (in French). April 7, 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201126190034/https://purple.fr/diary/mel-ottenberg-and-terry-richardson-at-the-purple-office-new-york-photo/) from the original on November 26, 2020 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Dazed (March 14, 2018). "Troye Sivan on Grindr, his new album + nuclear annihilation" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/39346/1/troye-sivan-boy-erased-new-album-interview) . Dazed . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210319002649/https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/39346/1/troye-sivan-boy-erased-new-album-interview) from the original on March 19, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Dazed (August 5, 2014). "Stylist Mel Ottenberg picks from the VFiles vaults" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21059/1/rihannas-stylist-mel-ottenberg-picks-from-the-vfiles-vaults) . Dazed . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190524203007/https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/21059/1/rihannas-stylist-mel-ottenberg-picks-from-the-vfiles-vaults) from the original on May 24, 2019 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Timothée Chalamet Is a Once-in-a-Generation Talent" (https://www.gq.com/story/timothee-chalamet-has-arrived) . GQ . February 14, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180919101700/https://www.gq.com/story/timothee-chalamet-has-arrived) from the original on September 19, 2018 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "My My My! Troye Sivan Returns with New Single" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/music/my-my-my-troye-sivan-returns-with-new-single) . www.lofficielusa.com . January 15, 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210227073617/https://www.lofficielusa.com/music/my-my-my-troye-sivan-returns-with-new-single) from the original on February 27, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Witt, Emily (January 23, 2015). "The Peculiar Genius of Björk" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/t-magazine/the-peculiar-genius-of-bjork-vulnicura-moma.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210315215334/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/t-magazine/the-peculiar-genius-of-bjork-vulnicura-moma.html) from the original on March 15, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Selena Gomez | Interview Spring 2020" (https://www.imgmodels.com/news/selena-gomez-interview-spring-2020) . IMG Models . April 16, 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200803233952/https://www.imgmodels.com/news/selena-gomez-interview-spring-2020) from the original on August 3, 2020 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Graves, Shahlin (September 8, 2020). "Lana Del Rey on the cover of Interview, September 2020" (https://www.coupdemainmagazine.com/lana-del-rey/16966) . Coup De Main Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201022205537/https://coupdemainmagazine.com/lana-del-rey/16966) from the original on October 22, 2020 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Hailey and Justin Bieber are the cover stars of Vogue Italia's October issue" (https://www.vogue.it/en/article/hailey-justin-bieber-cover-stars-vogue-italia-october-issue) . Vogue Italia . October 13, 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210702195214/https://www.vogue.it/en/article/hailey-justin-bieber-cover-stars-vogue-italia-october-issue) from the original on July 2, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "How stylist Mel Ottenberg transformed Rihanna from sexy singer to fashion force" (https://www.independent.ie/style/fashion/how-stylist-mel-ottenberg-transformed-rihanna-from-sexy-singer-to-fashion-force-30394731.html) . independent . June 30, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190314155728/https://www.independent.ie/style/fashion/how-stylist-mel-ottenberg-transformed-rihanna-from-sexy-singer-to-fashion-force-30394731.html) from the original on March 14, 2019 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Vogue Hommes International S/S 11 Cover (Vogue Hommes)" (https://models.com/work/vogue-hommes-international-vogue-hommes-international-ss-11-cover) . MODELS.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151019151337/http://models.com/work/vogue-hommes-international-vogue-hommes-international-ss-11-cover) from the original on October 19, 2015 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b SSENSE (May 31, 2019). "Mel Ottenberg Wants To Know: Are We Having Fun?" (https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/mel-ottenberg-wants-to-know-are-we-having-fun) . ssense . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200815203301/https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/mel-ottenberg-wants-to-know-are-we-having-fun) from the original on August 15, 2020 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Mel Ottenberg" (https://www.stylectory.net/mel-ottenberg/) . Stylectory . January 19, 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210710212357/https://www.stylectory.net/mel-ottenberg/) from the original on July 10, 2021 . Retrieved July 10, 2021 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2023030863) This article about an American person related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American model and actress (born 1991) Emily Ratajkowski Ratajkowski in 2016 Born Emily O'Hara Ratajkowski ( 1991-06-07 ) June 7, 1991 (age 33) London, England Nationality American Occupations Model actress Years active 2004–present Spouse Sebastian Bear-McClard ( m. 2018; div. 2022) Children 1 Modeling information Height 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) [1] (#cite_note-DNA-1) Hair color Brown [1] (#cite_note-DNA-1) Eye color Brown [1] (#cite_note-DNA-1) Agency DNA Model Management (New York) VIVA Model Management (/wiki/VIVA_Model_Management) (Paris, London, Barcelona) [2] (#cite_note-2) Website www (https://www.emrata.com/) .emrata (https://www.emrata.com/) .com (https://www.emrata.com/) Emily O'Hara Ratajkowski [3] (#cite_note-WIBLMER-3) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˌ r æ t ə ˈ k aʊ s k i / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) , [4] (#cite_note-WTGGAllure-4) Polish: [ratajˈkɔfskʲi] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish) ; born June 7, 1991) [5] (#cite_note-fmd-5) is an American model and actress. Born in London to American parents and raised in Encinitas, California (/wiki/Encinitas,_California) , she signed to Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) at a young age. Her modeling debut was on the cover of the March 2012 issue of the erotic magazine treats! (/wiki/Treats!) , which led to her appearance in several music videos, including Robin Thicke (/wiki/Robin_Thicke) 's " Blurred Lines (/wiki/Blurred_Lines) ", which catapulted her to global fame. [6] (#cite_note-6) Ratajkowski's feature film debut was a supporting role as the mistress of Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) 's character in the film Gone Girl (/wiki/Gone_Girl_(film)) (2014). She appeared in the 2014 and 2015 Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) , and made her professional catwalk (/wiki/Catwalk) modeling debut for Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) in 2015. She has also walked on the runways of Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) and Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) . For her international Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) covers and high fashion campaigns, Models.com ranks her as one of the new generation of supermodels. [7] (#cite_note-7) Ratajkowski is an advocate for women's health (/wiki/Women%27s_health) issues as a spokesperson for Planned Parenthood (/wiki/Planned_Parenthood) . As a self-identified feminist (/wiki/Feminism) , Ratajkowski has received both support and criticism for her views on sexual expression. Her essay collection, My Body , was published by Metropolitan Books (/wiki/Metropolitan_Books) in November 2021 and was on the New York Times Bestseller (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list) list. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Early life Emily O'Hara Ratajkowski was born June 7, 1991 [5] (#cite_note-fmd-5) in Westminster (/wiki/Westminster) , London, the only child of American school teachers Kathleen Anne Balgley and John David "J.D." Ratajkowski. [10] (#cite_note-sdjnews1-10) [11] (#cite_note-ERfSttmsa-11) [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) She was raised in Encinitas (/wiki/Encinitas,_California) near San Diego, California. She attended UCLA (/wiki/UCLA) for a year before dropping out to model full-time. [13] (#cite_note-13) Her father was raised Roman Catholic, whereas her mother is Jewish. [10] (#cite_note-sdjnews1-10) Ratajkowski has stated that she ethnically identifies herself as "Polish-Israeli", [4] (#cite_note-WTGGAllure-4) as her ancestors made aliyah (/wiki/Aliyah) to Israel from Eastern Europe. [14] (#cite_note-Balgleybook-14) [a] (#cite_note-15) She also has Irish ancestry. [15] (#cite_note-irefref1-16) She also spent her summers during her youth in Bantry (/wiki/Bantry) , Co.Cork (/wiki/County_Cork) where the family holidayed. [16] (#cite_note-17) Ratajkowski tried soccer, acting, and ballet before modeling. [3] (#cite_note-WIBLMER-3) She participated in a few local theater productions as a child and young teen. [17] (#cite_note-18) Exposure to the nude female figure in photography and art during her formative years, including the work of her father and the photography of Helmut Newton (/wiki/Helmut_Newton) and Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) , prepared Ratajkowski for nude work. She has said, "We have this culture of men, especially, watching pornography, but then offended by a classic nude portrait or photograph, and I've never felt that way." [18] (#cite_note-OceanDrive-19) She was also influenced by third-wave feminism (/wiki/Third-wave_feminism) and works such as The Beauty Myth (/wiki/The_Beauty_Myth) and Promiscuities by Naomi Wolf (/wiki/Naomi_Wolf) . [19] (#cite_note-20) Career Early acting and music video performances The March 2012 Issue 3 treats! (/wiki/Treats!) cover featuring Ratajkowski is the image that led to her being cast in the video for " Blurred Lines (/wiki/Blurred_Lines) ". With encouragement from an acting coach, Ratajkowski met and signed with a talent agent who contacted Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) . [20] (#cite_note-PF2a-21) That same day, [21] (#cite_note-ERNA-22) she signed with Ford at age 14 and went on to do teen print catalog modeling for Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) and Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) . [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) At 15, Ratajkowski began auditioning for Disney and iCarly roles, [21] (#cite_note-ERNA-22) but she was often typecast as a bully or cheerleader and bigger roles did not materialize. [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) [22] (#cite_note-MERoGHDRiGG-23) She attended San Dieguito Academy, a high school in Encinitas, while modeling and acting in Los Angeles. [22] (#cite_note-MERoGHDRiGG-23) After two nondescript movie roles, she appeared as Gibby's girlfriend, Tasha, in two episodes of the third season of Nickelodeon (/wiki/Nickelodeon) 's iCarly (/wiki/ICarly) (2009–2010). [3] (#cite_note-WIBLMER-3) [23] (#cite_note-24) Her manager discouraged her from pursuing many acting engagements until she could be more selective. [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) [22] (#cite_note-MERoGHDRiGG-23) Ratajkowski attended UCLA for one year in 2009, and dropped out, deciding to model full-time. [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) She later said that she found the fine art education at the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture (/wiki/UCLA_School_of_the_Arts_and_Architecture) arbitrary and in conflict with her artistic concepts, and that she did not enjoy going to fraternities. [24] (#cite_note-25) After campaigns and editorials with photographer Tony Duran (/wiki/Tony_Duran_(photographer)) , [15] (#cite_note-irefref1-16) Ratajkowski began shooting more fashion editorials and posed for several early issues of the artistic erotica magazine treats! (/wiki/Treats!) , including the cover of its third issue, in March 2012. [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) [25] (#cite_note-26) She credits that cover for bringing her the two unsolicited, high-profile, music video roles. [26] (#cite_note-esquire-27) [27] (#cite_note-28) Ratajkowski later filmed commercials for Nikon (/wiki/Nikon) and Carl's Jr. (/wiki/Carl%27s_Jr.) , [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) including multiple versions of a 2012 Carl's Jr. (/wiki/Carl%27s_Jr.) commercial with Sara Jean Underwood (/wiki/Sara_Jean_Underwood) . [28] (#cite_note-ERGSwSUiCJA-29) [29] (#cite_note-30) She also did nude and clothed art modeling (/wiki/Art_model) for magazines, [30] (#cite_note-ERTBoS-31) including a May 2012 shoot with Jonathan Leder, [31] (#cite_note-ERCBoIRWHPaV-32) [32] (#cite_note-ERsoanpb-33) as well as work for Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) ; [33] (#cite_note-34) a 2012 holiday video and a 2011 Valentine's video in which Ratajkowski appeared for the company are among the most popular videos on the company's YouTube channel. [34] (#cite_note-35) Ratajkowski worked with photographer Tony Kelly (/wiki/Tony_Kelly_(photographer)) for the March 2013 GQ Turkey cover. [35] (#cite_note-GTM2C-36) Ratajkowski appeared in Robin Thicke (/wiki/Robin_Thicke) , T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) , and Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) 's 2013 video, " Blurred Lines (/wiki/Blurred_Lines) ". [3] (#cite_note-WIBLMER-3) [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) [36] (#cite_note-37) Previously, Ratajkowski had been cast in two other music videos: " Fast Car (/wiki/Fast_Car_(Taio_Cruz_song)) " by Taio Cruz (/wiki/Taio_Cruz) , [37] (#cite_note-38) which was released on November 5, 2012, [38] (#cite_note-39) and Maroon 5 (/wiki/Maroon_5) 's " Love Somebody (/wiki/Love_Somebody_(Maroon_5_song)) ", [3] (#cite_note-WIBLMER-3) which was released two months after "Blurred Lines". [3] (#cite_note-WIBLMER-3) [26] (#cite_note-esquire-27) "Love Somebody", shot on January 16, [39] (#cite_note-40) and "Blurred Lines" were both produced in 2013. [3] (#cite_note-WIBLMER-3) [40] (#cite_note-41) The video for "Love Somebody" was released on May 21, 2013. [41] (#cite_note-42) Directed by Rich Lee (/wiki/Rich_Lee) , it shows bare-chested Adam Levine (/wiki/Adam_Levine) using inverse green screen (/wiki/Green_screen) technology to rub paint onto Ratajkowski with his hands. As they touch, they reveal each other. [42] (#cite_note-43) [43] (#cite_note-44) Thicke had seen Ratajkowski's treats! cover that The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) 's Bee Shapiro described as "an artfully composed black-and-white photograph of Ms. Ratajkowski sitting completely nude with her knees tucked to her chest" and convinced director Diane Martel (/wiki/Diane_Martel) to cast her in the "Blurred Lines" music video. Martel felt that "she looked smart and stunningly beautiful" in the photo. [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) Ratajkowski initially declined the role, fearing being classified as a music video model, [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) but Martel persuaded her. [30] (#cite_note-ERTBoS-31) The video was released on March 20, 2013. [44] (#cite_note-45) On March 28, Thicke posted an explicit version, [45] (#cite_note-HuffPost-46) [46] (#cite_note-BlurredLinesYouTube-47) with a topless Ratajkowski. [26] (#cite_note-esquire-27) "Blurred Lines" was controversial: its video was called sexist for its perceived degradation of women, [47] (#cite_note-BLDDMDMVACOM-48) and some felt its lyrics promoted rape. [48] (#cite_note-DailyBeast-49) [49] (#cite_note-50) Others disagreed, [50] (#cite_note-Slate-51) [51] (#cite_note-52) asserting that the lyrics supported female power and sexual freedom. [52] (#cite_note-53) Martel defended Ratajkowski's performance, saying: "it's very, very funny and subtly ridiculing." [47] (#cite_note-BLDDMDMVACOM-48) Ratajkowski did not think of the video as sexist [26] (#cite_note-esquire-27) and claimed that the producers, through the use of humor and sarcasm, "took something that on paper sounded really sexist and misogynistic and made it more interesting". [53] (#cite_note-54) [54] (#cite_note-complex-55) She said that the song "gave me an opportunity to say the things that I felt about feminism today and about women in general in pop culture." [18] (#cite_note-OceanDrive-19) Ratajkowski did not feel objectified and enjoyed performing in a sexual manner: [55] (#cite_note-NL-56) The attention given to the nudity in the video, she said, shows that America has not advanced as far as it should have, [18] (#cite_note-OceanDrive-19) and, she believes, society represses sexuality, which is bad for both sexes. [56] (#cite_note-ERfSttms-57) Ratajkowski's assessment of her involvement in "Blurred Lines" as an unequivocal and properly feminist moment were reconsidered in her 2021 memoir, My Body . A hitherto repressed exchange between Thicke and Ratajkowski was described, in which Thicke, borne of frustration and indignation at the attention Ratajkowski commanded on set at his expense, grasped Ratajkowski's breast without her consent, causing Emily to cower and the shoot to momentarily halt. Because Ratajkowski didn't retaliate and because Thicke wasn't held accountable in any way, Ratajkowski relives the event in her memoir in order to illustrate the complex idea that the shoot was a real claim to female power though perhaps only as a result of the male's behest: "[T]he women who gained their power from beauty were indebted to the men whose desire granted them their power in the first place ... With that one gesture, Robin Thicke reminded everyone on the set that we women weren't really in charge ... I was nothing more than the hired mannequin." [57] (#cite_note-58) "Blurred Lines", and Ratajkowski's associated video performance, was prominent beyond the sociopolitical (/wiki/Sociopolitical) controversies. The song became the number-one song of 2013 on music charts in many countries, including Canada, [58] (#cite_note-59) Ireland, [59] (#cite_note-60) the Netherlands, [60] (#cite_note-61) New Zealand, [61] (#cite_note-62) and the United Kingdom. [62] (#cite_note-63) Although second on the year-end US Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart, [63] (#cite_note-64) the song's twelve consecutive weeks at number one (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Hot_100_number-one_singles_of_2013) made it the longest-running number-one song of the decade until " Uptown Funk (/wiki/Uptown_Funk) " spent fourteen consecutive weeks at number one in 2015 (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Hot_100_number-one_singles_of_2015) . [64] (#cite_note-65) [65] (#cite_note-66) The song also remained in the news due to a copyright infringement (/wiki/Copyright_infringement) lawsuit and appeal. [66] (#cite_note-67) [67] (#cite_note-68) [68] (#cite_note-69) Breakthrough and rise to prominence The "Blurred Lines" video garnered Ratajkowski notoriety, [26] (#cite_note-esquire-27) especially as a sex symbol (/wiki/Sex_symbol) . [69] (#cite_note-2HSS-70) In October 2013, Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) magazine named Ratajkowski "Woman of the Year", over online fan vote finalist Jennifer Lawrence (/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence) . [70] (#cite_note-71) That December, Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) magazine listed her among its twenty hottest sex symbols. [69] (#cite_note-2HSS-70) In February 2014, Sports Illustrated magazine named Ratajkowski as one of twelve 50th anniversary swimsuit issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) rookies. [71] (#cite_note-72) In April, FHM (/wiki/FHM) ranked her the fourth sexiest woman in the world (/wiki/FHM%27s_100_Sexiest_Women_(UK)) . [72] (#cite_note-TO1SWITW2-73) Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) magazine included Ratajkowski at number 62 on its 2014 Hot 100 list. [73] (#cite_note-M2H1LIHACSIATT-74) [74] (#cite_note-75) AskMen (/wiki/AskMen) ranked her the third most desirable woman of 2014. [75] (#cite_note-3ER-76) Ratajkowski was on the July 2013 cover of CR Fashion Book (/wiki/CR_Fashion_Book) , which included erotic scenes with Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) and male models, photographed by Bruce Weber (/wiki/Bruce_Weber_(photographer)) . [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) [26] (#cite_note-esquire-27) [76] (#cite_note-77) On June 24, she appeared topless in the July 2014 American GQ cover story, photographed by Michael Thompson (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) . [77] (#cite_note-78) [78] (#cite_note-GJ2C-79) A controversy ensued at retailer Lands' End (/wiki/Lands%27_End) , some of whose customers received the issue for free. Some customers objected to the racy images, forcing Lands' End CEO Edgar Huber to apologize. [79] (#cite_note-80) Ratajkowski photographed for Day 16 of LOVE (/wiki/LOVE_(magazine)) 's Advent (/wiki/Advent) 2014 Days after Gone Girl 's September 26, 2014, New York Film Festival (/wiki/New_York_Film_Festival) premiere, [80] (#cite_note-81) [81] (#cite_note-82) Ratajkowski became the cover model for the November 2014 issue of Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . [82] (#cite_note-Cosmopolitan-83) On October 30, 2014, she appeared with Taylor Kitsch (/wiki/Taylor_Kitsch) in the Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare (/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Advanced_Warfare) live-action trailer. [83] (#cite_note-84) [84] (#cite_note-85) Ratajkowski appeared on the February 2015 FHM cover, [85] (#cite_note-86) but she tweeted (/wiki/Twitter) that her picture was used without her consent. [86] (#cite_note-87) [87] (#cite_note-88) FHM responded that "we liked the pictures so much we stuck one on our front cover". [88] (#cite_note-89) Ratajkowski co-starred in the 2015 film Entourage (/wiki/Entourage_(film)) as a fictionalized version of herself, [30] (#cite_note-ERTBoS-31) [89] (#cite_note-BLEJE-90) playing the love interest of Adrian Grenier (/wiki/Adrian_Grenier) 's character, Vincent Chase (/wiki/Vincent_Chase) . [90] (#cite_note-91) Her performance received critical commentary ranging from "less than compelling", by The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) 's Sheri Linden, to "uncanny realism", by The Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer) 's Steven Rea (/wiki/Steven_Rea) . [91] (#cite_note-92) [92] (#cite_note-93) Grantland 's Morris described her role and performance with scathing sarcasm. [93] (#cite_note-94) She was also cast in the 2015 miniseries The Spoils Before Dying (/wiki/The_Spoils_Before_Dying) as Agent Day, appearing late in the series. [94] (#cite_note-95) [95] (#cite_note-96) [96] (#cite_note-97) Her performance was favorably reviewed by Emily L. Stephens of The A.V. Club (/wiki/The_A.V._Club) , [97] (#cite_note-98) while other critics commented that she was part of a solid supporting cast. [98] (#cite_note-99) [99] (#cite_note-100) Ratajkowski earned her first leading role, opposite Zac Efron (/wiki/Zac_Efron) , in We Are Your Friends (/wiki/We_Are_Your_Friends_(film)) , [100] (#cite_note-101) a musical drama released in August 2015, and was part of the film's promotional tour to Europe and North America. [101] (#cite_note-102) Starting with the August 11 London premiere, [102] (#cite_note-103) [103] (#cite_note-104) this tour marked her ascension as a style icon as she earned multiple best dressed citations from various sources. [104] (#cite_note-105) [105] (#cite_note-106) She played Stanford University (/wiki/Stanford_University) dropout Sophie, [106] (#cite_note-WAYFWICBIE-107) the love interest of Efron's character and girlfriend/personal assistant of Wes Bentley (/wiki/Wes_Bentley) 's character. [107] (#cite_note-WAYFRS-108) Her performance received mixed reviews. Alonso Duralde (/wiki/Alonso_Duralde) of TheWrap (/wiki/TheWrap) described the role as thin, as did Ty Burr (/wiki/Ty_Burr) of The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . [108] (#cite_note-WAYFjEwedm-109) [109] (#cite_note-110) Burr said that Ratajkowski's performance was "surpassingly dull", [108] (#cite_note-WAYFjEwedm-109) while Nell Minow (/wiki/Nell_Minow) of Beliefnet (/wiki/Beliefnet) stated that she "does more posing than acting". [110] (#cite_note-111) Jordan Hoffman (/wiki/Jordan_Hoffman) of the Daily News (/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)) described Ratajkowski's performance as "stunning and sweet". [111] (#cite_note-112) Robbie Collin (/wiki/Robbie_Collin) of The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) and Grantland 's Morris noted Ratajkowski's rhythmic dancing skills and sex appeal, as previously seen in "Blurred Lines". [112] (#cite_note-RoE-113) [113] (#cite_note-114) Around the time of the release of We Are Your Friends , Ratajkowski appeared on the covers of Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) France, [114] (#cite_note-115) British GQ (/wiki/British_GQ) , [115] (#cite_note-116) harper by Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper_by_Harper%27s_Bazaar) , [116] (#cite_note-117) InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) UK, [117] (#cite_note-118) and InStyle Australia, [118] (#cite_note-119) as well as a role as a 2015 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2015_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) presenter. [119] (#cite_note-120) [120] (#cite_note-121) The British GQ cover story was photographed by Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) , who produced a short film featuring Ratajkowski for the magazine's website. [55] (#cite_note-NL-56) [121] (#cite_note-122) Soon after, on September 17, 2015, she made her runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) debut for Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) at the spring/summer 2016 New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) finale. [122] (#cite_note-123) [123] (#cite_note-124) This appearance contributed to her number-one listing among Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) 's 12 Breakout Beauty Stars of 2015. [124] (#cite_note-125) For fall/winter 2016 fashions, Ratajkowski walked the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) runway for Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) on March 9, 2016. [125] (#cite_note-126) [126] (#cite_note-127) She has expressed the desire to break barriers for shorter and more curvaceous models, commenting: "You don't have to be 5'9" and an A-cup to be a successful model." [127] (#cite_note-BLMERWTBDBB-128) Ratajkowski in 2016 A Buick (/wiki/Buick) Super Bowl ad (/wiki/Super_Bowl_ad) for its Cascada (/wiki/Buick_Cascada) convertible during Super Bowl 50 (/wiki/Super_Bowl_50) on February 7, 2016, featured Ratajkowski and Odell Beckham Jr. (/wiki/Odell_Beckham_Jr.) [128] (#cite_note-129) [129] (#cite_note-130) The ad, in which she made a wedding bouquet (/wiki/Wedding_bouquet) catch reminiscent of Beckham's catch from 2014 (/wiki/Odell_Beckham_Jr.#2014) , [130] (#cite_note-131) [131] (#cite_note-132) received average ratings, according to USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) 's admeter. [132] (#cite_note-133) The ad was filmed with a stunt double (/wiki/Stunt_double) making the catch. [133] (#cite_note-134) Los Angeles-based jewelry designer Jacquie Aiche featured Ratajkowski in a spring 2016 campaign wearing almost nothing but body chains, rings, bracelets (/wiki/Bracelet) , pendants (/wiki/Pendant) , and chokers (/wiki/Choker) . [134] (#cite_note-135) [135] (#cite_note-136) [136] (#cite_note-137) In May, Ratajkowski appeared in the Russian-language (/wiki/Russian_language) music video "Inseparable" (sometimes translated as "Indivisible") with Russian entertainer Dima Bilan (/wiki/Dima_Bilan) as a photographer and Ratajkowski as his muse. [137] (#cite_note-138) [138] (#cite_note-139) [139] (#cite_note-140) Professional expansion After seeing her in the "Blurred Lines" video Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) picked her to play the mistress of his character, in David Fincher (/wiki/David_Fincher) 's 2014 adaptation (/wiki/Gone_Girl_(film)) of Gillian Flynn (/wiki/Gillian_Flynn) 's novel Gone Girl (/wiki/Gone_Girl_(novel)) . [140] (#cite_note-141) San Diego Union-Tribune (/wiki/San_Diego_Union-Tribune) described Ratajkowski's performance as "nuanced", [56] (#cite_note-ERfSttms-57) while Andrew O'Hehir of Salon (/wiki/Salon_(website)) and Wesley Morris (/wiki/Wesley_Morris) of Grantland (/wiki/Grantland) wrote that her small role as a "duplicitous and manipulative former student" was critical. [141] (#cite_note-142) [142] (#cite_note-143) Reflecting on the performance in 2016, Naomi Wolf described Ratajkowski's portrayal as sympathetic and compassionate. [21] (#cite_note-ERNA-22) In August 2015, Warner Bros. Pictures (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures) released We Are Your Friends (/wiki/We_Are_Your_Friends_(film)) , in which Ratajkowski played Sophie. In their respective reviews of the film, critics Richard Roeper (/wiki/Richard_Roeper) and Wesley Morris (/wiki/Wesley_Morris) said that Ratajkowski, again playing the attractive object of affection, failed to demonstrate acting prowess. [112] (#cite_note-RoE-113) [143] (#cite_note-144) In February 2016, Ratajkowski was cast in the film In Darkness , alongside Natalie Dormer (/wiki/Natalie_Dormer) , Ed Skrein (/wiki/Ed_Skrein) , and Stacy Martin (/wiki/Stacy_Martin) . [144] (#cite_note-145) That August, she became the spokesperson for the Australian swimwear brand Amore + Sorvete. [145] (#cite_note-146) Ratajkowski was one of five models to appear on the August 2016 Vogue Germany alternate covers (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Germany_cover_models) along with Stella Maxwell (/wiki/Stella_Maxwell) , Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) , Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) , and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) . [146] (#cite_note-147) Along with Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) and Kate Upton (/wiki/Kate_Upton) , Ratajkowski was one of three models for the October Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) cover. [147] (#cite_note-148) The cover story, which was shot by Carter Smith (/wiki/Carter_Smith) and includes an essay by Ratajkowski, says she has become known as an activist who considers being both sexual and serious to be non-conflicting ambitions. [148] (#cite_note-149) She appeared in a season 1 episode of Joe Swanberg (/wiki/Joe_Swanberg) 's Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) series, Easy (/wiki/Easy_(TV_series)) that was released on September 22, 2016. [149] (#cite_note-150) [150] (#cite_note-151) Her episode, in which she is a lifecasting (/wiki/Lifecasting_(video_stream)) selfie (/wiki/Selfie) artist, met with mixed reviews. [151] (#cite_note-152) [152] (#cite_note-153) [153] (#cite_note-154) She was a guest judge on the October 20, Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) season 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_15)) episode. [154] (#cite_note-155) By November 2016, Ratajkowski was attached to Lying and Stealing , which also starred Theo James (/wiki/Theo_James) . [155] (#cite_note-156) Ratajkowski began 2017 on the February Vogue España cover (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Espa%C3%B1a_(Spain)_cover_models) shot by Miguel Reveriego (/wiki/Miguel_Reveriego) . [156] (#cite_note-157) [157] (#cite_note-158) Ratajkowski also made cover appearances on the March issue of U.S. InStyle , [158] (#cite_note-159) and the May covers of American Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) (with alternate covers by Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) , Aja Naomi King (/wiki/Aja_Naomi_King) , Zoey Deutch (/wiki/Zoey_Deutch) , Alexandra Daddario (/wiki/Alexandra_Daddario) , et al.) and the French L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . [159] (#cite_note-160) [160] (#cite_note-161) Bags designed by Ratajkowski for The Kooples (/wiki/The_Kooples) on display at Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) at 900 North Michigan (/wiki/900_North_Michigan) In March 2017, Ratajkowski became the face of DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) intimates. [161] (#cite_note-162) On June 27, she was announced as the cover model for the August 2017 Australian Harper's Bazaar , which had different newsstand and subscriber covers photographed by Pamela Hanson (/wiki/Pamela_Hanson) . [162] (#cite_note-ERIOACS-163) That July, after modeling for the French fashion brand The Kooples (/wiki/The_Kooples) 's Fall 2017 collection, Ratajkowski was enlisted to design a 38-piece bag collection for the company. The initial version of the collection, named Emily By The Kooples, comes in six colors and features a leather carryall bag, The Emily Bag. [163] (#cite_note-164) [164] (#cite_note-165) The bags are Italian-made and represent The Kooples' first foray into bags. [165] (#cite_note-166) [166] (#cite_note-167) Later that month she was announced as the feature of cover stories in the August issues of Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) [167] (#cite_note-168) [168] (#cite_note-169) and British Glamour , [169] (#cite_note-170) as well as a nude Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) photospread for Love magazine. [170] (#cite_note-171) That August she became the face of DL1961 (/wiki/DL1961) jeans, [171] (#cite_note-172) The Frye Company (/wiki/The_Frye_Company) for its Fall 2017 ad campaign, [172] (#cite_note-173) and the entire DKNY brand for its Fall 2017 campaign. [173] (#cite_note-174) On September 23, 2017, she walked the Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) runway for Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) . [174] (#cite_note-175) [175] (#cite_note-176) Later that month, Ratajkowski revealed that she was working with a dialogue coach to learn the French (/wiki/French_language) and Italian languages (/wiki/Italian_language) for Lying and Stealing . [176] (#cite_note-ERSiTNNMV-177) [177] (#cite_note-178) On November 1, Tyga (/wiki/Tyga) posted an unofficial 60-second video teaser for "Tequila Kisses", which featured Ratajkowski. [178] (#cite_note-NMTTK-179) As a result, Ratajkowski was noted as the starring performer in Tyga (/wiki/Tyga) 's "Tequila Kisses" bonus track music video. [176] (#cite_note-ERSiTNNMV-177) However, on November 4, Tyga removed the full video from various points of internet access including his own Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) account, [179] (#cite_note-180) [180] (#cite_note-181) following complaints from Ratajkowski that the video was from a lookbook (/wiki/Lookbook) Ratajkowski did with Phillip Lopez in 2013. [181] (#cite_note-182) [178] (#cite_note-NMTTK-179) On November 9, Harper's Bazaar UK published a story about Ratajkowski's impending release of her own swimwear brand after Emrata Holdings LLC acquired the trademark to Inamorata in August and she left a trail of breadcrumbs on social media. Ratajkowski retweeted the story. [182] (#cite_note-183) The bathing suit line, Inamorata (/wiki/Inamorata_(brand)) , went live on November 16, 2017, with three bikini separates and three one-pieces. [183] (#cite_note-184) [184] (#cite_note-185) Ratajkowski for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , 2019 In January 2018, Ratajkowski shot a fashion campaign with Inez and Vinoodh (/wiki/Inez_and_Vinoodh) , as the new ambassador for Kérastase (/wiki/K%C3%A9rastase) . [185] (#cite_note-186) British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) noted that the Kérastase endorsement was Ratajkowski's "first beauty campaign". [186] (#cite_note-187) That March, she landed her first fragrance campaign as the face of Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) Parfum's women's line. [187] (#cite_note-188) [188] (#cite_note-189) That same month, she also earned the University of Southern California (/wiki/University_of_Southern_California) Inspire Award in at their inaugural ceremony. [189] (#cite_note-ERIUH-190) [190] (#cite_note-191) On April 8, 2018, Ratajkowski won the Model of the Year award from the Daily Front Row (/wiki/Daily_Front_Row) . [191] (#cite_note-192) [192] (#cite_note-193) On March 29, 2018, she was cast as a series regular in the NBC (/wiki/NBC) pilot Bright Futures . [193] (#cite_note-194) [194] (#cite_note-195) [195] (#cite_note-196) The show was not included in NBC's 2018–19 schedule (/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_network_television_schedule) . [196] (#cite_note-nbcfall2018-197) The following month saw the release of the comedy film I Feel Pretty (/wiki/I_Feel_Pretty_(film)) , in which Ratajkowski co-starred alongside Amy Schumer (/wiki/Amy_Schumer) . [197] (#cite_note-198) Her role, which was described as "pivotal" by USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) critic Bryan Alexander, [198] (#cite_note-199) included ad libbed improvisational comedy. [199] (#cite_note-200) Ratajkowski was featured on the cover of the June 2018 issue of Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . [189] (#cite_note-ERIUH-190) She designed the mythology-themed "EmRata x Spinelli Kilcollin" jewelry collection with Spinelli Kilcollin that launched at Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) on May 30, 2018, with prices starting at $6,000. [200] (#cite_note-201) On September 21, 2018, Ratajkowski walked the Milan Fashion Week runway for Versace (/wiki/Versace) . [201] (#cite_note-202) [202] (#cite_note-203) That same weekend, she walked fashion week for Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . [203] (#cite_note-204) The following week, Vertical Entertainment (/wiki/Vertical_Entertainment) released the film Cruise (/wiki/Cruise_(film)) , which was written and directed by Robert Siegel (/wiki/Robert_D._Siegel) , and in which Ratajkowski played the female lead opposite Spencer Boldman (/wiki/Spencer_Boldman) . [204] (#cite_note-205) That November, Ratajkowski appeared opposite Aaron Paul (/wiki/Aaron_Paul) in Welcome Home (/wiki/Welcome_Home_(2018_film)) . [205] (#cite_note-206) External videos Discussion with Ratajkowski on (https://www.c-span.org/video/?516120-1/my-body) My Body , November 16, 2021 (https://www.c-span.org/video/?516120-1/my-body) , C-SPAN (/wiki/C-SPAN) In November 2021 a collection of essays by Ratajkowski with title My Body was published. [206] (#cite_note-mybody-207) Quercus described it as "a deeply honest investigation of what it means to be a woman and a commodity". [207] (#cite_note-208) Cleveland Review of Books said the book turns "the tenuous power of a woman's body into a voluntary disturbance." [208] (#cite_note-209) A excerpt from the book leaked by the Sunday Times (/wiki/Sunday_Times) describes an incident during the 2013 filming of the music video for the song " Blurred Lines (/wiki/Blurred_Lines) ", in which Ratajkowski writes that Robin Thicke (/wiki/Robin_Thicke) , the singer and star of the video, groped (/wiki/Groped) her breasts without her consent. [209] (#cite_note-210) Ratajkowski was displeased at the leak, telling Extra (/wiki/Extra_(American_TV_program)) , "What's frustrating is I didn't come out with it, it was leaked. It's been hard for me, I really like to have control over my image, and I wrote this book of essays to share the whole story and all sides of it. I feel like it just turns into a clickbait frenzy, and all of a sudden words like 'sexual assault' and 'allegations' are getting thrown around rather than people reading the actual essay, so, again, I'm just looking forward to when people will be able to hear things in my own words." [210] (#cite_note-211) (See Early acting and music video performances section above for more details on this incident.) In October 2022, Ratajkowski partnered with Sony Music Entertainment (/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment) to launch a podcast entitled "High Low with EmRata". [211] (#cite_note-212) In January 2023, Ratajkowski became the face of Versace's Spring/Summer 2023 campaign. [212] (#cite_note-213) Following an unsuccessful audition for Triangle of Sadness (/wiki/Triangle_of_Sadness) (2022), Ratajkowski quit acting. She explained that she fired her team, including her agents (/wiki/Talent_agent) and manager (/wiki/Talent_manager) , because she "didn't trust them". She also said " Hollywood (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) is so fucked up" and she "felt like a piece of meat who people were judging, saying, 'Does she have anything else other than her [breasts]?'" [213] (#cite_note-214) Despite this, in 2024, she joined Too Much , a series created by Lena Dunham. [214] (#cite_note-215) In the media Ratajkowski has been frequently named in lists and polls that rank beauty or fashion in the media. She was ranked in Maxim 's Hot 100 list in both 2014 (No. 62) [73] (#cite_note-M2H1LIHACSIATT-74) and 2015 (No. 2). [215] (#cite_note-216) AskMen ranked her among its most desirable women of 2014 (No. 3) [75] (#cite_note-3ER-76) and 2016 (No. 14); [216] (#cite_note-217) while FHM ranked her among the sexiest in 2014 (No. 4), [72] (#cite_note-TO1SWITW2-73) and 2015 (No. 18). [217] (#cite_note-218) She is also praised for her fashion sense: Ratajkowski made Vogue Italia's Best Dressed List of 2015, [218] (#cite_note-219) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) placed her atop its best dressed list at the February 2016 New York Fashion Week. [219] (#cite_note-220) In October 2017, American Vogue ran a feature article celebrating her "stylistic excellence". [220] (#cite_note-221) Publishing controversies Ratajkowski was one of the victims of the 2014 celebrity nude photo leak (/wiki/2014_celebrity_nude_photo_leak) , in which several nude pictures of her were leaked online. [221] (#cite_note-222) [222] (#cite_note-223) In 2014, artist Richard Prince (/wiki/Richard_Prince) appropriated one of Ratajkowski's Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) posts without her consent, and included the resulting painting in a show at the Gagosian Gallery (/wiki/Gagosian_Gallery) in New York. Seven years later, Ratajkowski took a photograph of herself standing in front of the Prince painting, and created a non-fungible token (/wiki/Non-fungible_token) (NFT) from it. The NFT sold at auction at Christie's (/wiki/Christie%27s) for $175,000. "I hope to symbolically set a precedent for women and ownership online, one that allows for women to have ongoing authority over their image and to receive rightful compensation for its usage and distribution," Ratajkowski wrote on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . [223] (#cite_note-224) 71 photographs taken by Jonathan Leder in May 2012 were being printed in a publication by Imperial Publishing and set for display in a New York art gallery in February 2017. On November 30, 2016, Ratajkowski tweeted that she was being featured in the photobook publication without her consent. New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) noted that Ratajkowski had claimed that the pictures were intended for use in an artful magazine, [31] (#cite_note-ERCBoIRWHPaV-32) while USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) noted that she had hesitated to protest because she did not want to give Leder publicity. [32] (#cite_note-ERsoanpb-33) She elaborated on the circumstances of the 2012 photoshoot in an essay titled "Buying Myself Back: When Does a Model Own her Own Image?" for The Cut in September 2020, reiterating that she never gave consent for the photographs to be used beyond their initial publication in Darius magazine, and stating that Leder sexually assaulted her after the photoshoot. [224] (#cite_note-225) [225] (#cite_note-226) In September 2017, Ratajkowski took issue with image editing done for the cover of the Madame Figaro (/wiki/Madame_Figaro) issue included in the Saturday September 16 issue Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) . [226] (#cite_note-227) [227] (#cite_note-228) In October 2019, Ratajkowski was sued for posting a paparazzi image of herself to her Instagram. Robert O'Neil, the paparazzo who took the photo at issue, argued that Ratajkowski's posting of the photo constituted copyright infringement. However, Ratajkowski has decided against settling the suit and is challenging O'Neil's claim against her. [228] (#cite_note-229) In 2022, a settlement was ruled in favor of Ratajkowski, for having not infringed the copyright. [229] (#cite_note-230) Fyre Festival controversy In 2017, Ratajkowski promoted that April's Fyre Festival (/wiki/Fyre_Festival) on Instagram with Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) , Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) , and other actresses and models. [230] (#cite_note-VICE-231) Ratajkowski was reportedly the only actress or model to use the hashtag #ad, [231] (#cite_note-Vice-2-232) but later deleted the post. [232] (#cite_note-Verge-233) The Federal Trade Commission (/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission) has said #ad only worked if at the beginning of paid posts, and that the hashtag alone was not a sufficient disclaimer. [232] (#cite_note-Verge-233) [233] (#cite_note-BW-234) A second class action lawsuit against Fyre Media, McFarland, Ja Rule (/wiki/Ja_Rule) , and the event promoters in Los Angeles was filed. [234] (#cite_note-polly-235) The plaintiff alleges that they deceived patrons into attending the festival by paying over 400 social media personalities and celebrities to promote it. The parties are accused of breach of contract, negligent misrepresentation, and fraud. [235] (#cite_note-236) Political views Activism Ratajkowski has raised funds, [236] (#cite_note-ERSWPP-237) done public service announcements, [237] (#cite_note-238) and committed to a being in a short film promoting reproductive and sexual health for Planned Parenthood (/wiki/Planned_Parenthood) . [238] (#cite_note-239) [239] (#cite_note-240) Ratajkowski expressed support for State of Palestine (/wiki/State_of_Palestine) during the Gaza–Israel conflict (/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict) . [240] (#cite_note-241) On the eve of the February 2016 New Hampshire Democratic primary (/wiki/2016_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary) , Ratajkowski spoke at a Bernie Sanders (/wiki/Bernie_Sanders) rally in New Hampshire to endorse his campaign (/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign) . [241] (#cite_note-242) [242] (#cite_note-243) [243] (#cite_note-244) One of the main points of her speech, and her social media activity surrounding it, was to counter Gloria Steinem (/wiki/Gloria_Steinem) 's statement that young female Sanders supporters were involved in the campaign to meet potential male romantic partners. [244] (#cite_note-AFWERGP-245) [245] (#cite_note-246) In 2020, she again endorsed Sanders for the Democratic nomination (/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries) . [246] (#cite_note-247) [247] (#cite_note-248) Sexuality and feminism Ratajkowski described the pressure that she endured as a youth around her sexuality and her thoughts on female sexual empowerment, in Lena Dunham (/wiki/Lena_Dunham) 's Lenny Letter (/wiki/Lenny_Letter) newsletter on February 16, 2016. [248] (#cite_note-ERssfipffthhsgu-249) [249] (#cite_note-ERQTDOS-250) [250] (#cite_note-ERBW-251) Elle magazine, Esquire magazine, and Harper's Bazaar republished her letter, [251] (#cite_note-:0-252) [252] (#cite_note-:1-253) [253] (#cite_note-:2-254) which drew praise from critics including Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) magazine's Hayley Spencer, [254] (#cite_note-:3-255) The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) 's Jenavieve Hatch, [255] (#cite_note-:4-256) Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) magazine's Nikki Kinstlinger, [256] (#cite_note-:5-257) Rachael Moon of the Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) , [257] (#cite_note-:6-258) and Georgia Simmonds of Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , who lauded Ratajkowski for observations, calling the letter "powerful". [258] (#cite_note-ERPEOBADSOHOT-259) Salon 's Erin Coulehan described the essay's identification of a societal catch-22 (/wiki/Catch-22_(logic)) , in which showcasing female sexuality that may "offend, excite, or create envy" leads to criticism and body shaming. [259] (#cite_note-:7-260) InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) 's Isabella Silvers concurred that "female sexuality isn't always for the benefit of someone else". [260] (#cite_note-:8-261) Charlotte Gill of The Independent admitted that she was in the minority in finding the letter "rambling" and "dull". [261] (#cite_note-KKaERanf-262) In an October 2014 Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) interview, Ratajkowski said she enjoys freedom of sexual expression "while still being a feminist" (/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism) , [82] (#cite_note-Cosmopolitan-83) and is outspoken about using her celebrity to support the empowerment of women and women's sexuality. [262] (#cite_note-:9-263) However, Amanda Hess (/wiki/Amanda_Hess) of Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) questioned whether she is a feminist or an opportunist exploiting feminism. [263] (#cite_note-:10-264) Ratajkowski defended Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) from criticism when Kardashian posted a controversial nude selfie (/wiki/Selfie) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) in March 2016, saying that women have the right to "express their sexuality and share their bodies however they choose". [264] (#cite_note-:11-265) Then, Kardashian and Ratajkowski jointly advocated via social media for female sexual empowerment and against body shaming; nearly one million of their social media followers responded positively, and prominent global media outlets took notice. [265] (#cite_note-:12-266) [266] (#cite_note-:13-267) [267] (#cite_note-:14-268) Commentator Piers Morgan (/wiki/Piers_Morgan) reacted to Ratajkowski's letter by saying that her form of feminism was a misguided affront to true feminism, [268] (#cite_note-:15-269) labeling it pseudo-feminist gibberish. [269] (#cite_note-:16-270) After Morgan wrote that "feminism as it was intended is dead", the Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) 's Heidi Stevens, as well as The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) 's Helen Pankhurst said that Ratajkowski neither killed nor bolstered feminism. [270] (#cite_note-:17-271) [271] (#cite_note-:18-272) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) 's Taylor Harris questioned the impact of Ratajkowski's feminism, [272] (#cite_note-:19-273) as did The Independent 's Gill, saying that Ratajkowski's professional activities "continued to advocate industries that treat us as pieces of meat". [261] (#cite_note-KKaERanf-262) Heather Saul of The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) wrote in support of Ratajkowski in an article subtitled "Ratajkowski is becoming an important feminist voice in the debate over female censorship and sexuality". [273] (#cite_note-:20-274) New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) 's Allie Jones called Ratajkowski "the best feminist celeb". [274] (#cite_note-:21-275) In 2021, Ratajkowski published her first book, My Body, [206] (#cite_note-mybody-207) which includes several previously published essays as well as personal stories. An excerpt was published in The Guardian . [275] (#cite_note-:22-276) Personal life In December 2014, Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) confirmed she had begun dating Jeff Magid, a musician. [276] (#cite_note-277) By early 2018, they had reportedly broken up. [277] (#cite_note-278) On February 23, 2018, Ratajkowski announced on Instagram that she had married actor and producer Sebastian Bear-McClard, her boyfriend of several weeks, in a New York City courthouse wedding. [278] (#cite_note-279) They lived in the NoHo (/wiki/NoHo,_Manhattan) neighborhood of Manhattan and in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [279] (#cite_note-280) On October 26, 2020, Ratajkowski confirmed she was pregnant. In one of her essays, she wrote about how both her husband and herself did not wish to discuss their child's sex until their child was born. [280] (#cite_note-281) [281] (#cite_note-Vogue-282) She gave birth to their son [282] (#cite_note-283) on March 8, 2021. [283] (#cite_note-284) [284] (#cite_note-285) In July 2022, Ratajkowski and Bear-McClard separated (/wiki/Legal_separation) . [285] (#cite_note-286) [286] (#cite_note-287) Ratajkowski filed for divorce in September 2022. [287] (#cite_note-288) In late 2023, she has been captured kissing with French actor Stéphane Bak (/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Bak) . [288] (#cite_note-289) On March 19, 2024, Ratajkowski showed off divorce rings on her Instagram account that she had made from her engagement ring. [289] (#cite_note-290) Filmography Film Year Title Role Notes 2004 Andrew's Alteration Young Girl Short film 2005 A Year and a Day Girl Movie 2014 Gone Girl (/wiki/Gone_Girl_(film)) Andie Fitzgerald 2015 Entourage (/wiki/Entourage_(film)) Herself 2015 We Are Your Friends (/wiki/We_Are_Your_Friends_(film)) Sophie 2018 Cruise (/wiki/Cruise_(film)) Jessica Weinberg 2018 I Feel Pretty (/wiki/I_Feel_Pretty_(film)) Mallory 2018 In Darkness (/wiki/In_Darkness_(2018_film)) Veronique 2018 Welcome Home (/wiki/Welcome_Home_(2018_film)) Cassie 2018 The American Meme (/wiki/The_American_Meme) Herself Documentary film 2019 Lying and Stealing (/wiki/Lying_and_Stealing) Elyse Television Year Title Role Notes 2009–10 iCarly (/wiki/ICarly) Tasha Episodes: "iSpeed Date", "iEnrage Gibby" 2015 The Spoils Before Dying (/wiki/The_Spoils_Before_Dying) Agent Day 3 episodes 2016 Easy (/wiki/Easy_(TV_series)) Allison Lizowska Episode: "Art and Life" 2022 Ziwe (/wiki/Ziwe_(talk_show)) Herself Episode: "Empowerment" 2023 History of the World, Part II (/wiki/History_of_the_World,_Part_II) White Mary Magdalene (/wiki/Mary_Magdalene) Episode: "VIII" Music videos Year Title Artist 2012 " Fast Car (/wiki/Fast_Car_(Taio_Cruz_song)) " Taio Cruz (/wiki/Taio_Cruz) 2013 " Blurred Lines (/wiki/Blurred_Lines) " Robin Thicke (/wiki/Robin_Thicke) feat. T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) and Pharrell (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) 2013 " Love Somebody (/wiki/Love_Somebody_(Maroon_5_song)) " Maroon 5 (/wiki/Maroon_5) 2016 "Inseparable" Dima Bilan (/wiki/Dima_Bilan) 2024 " I Know ? (/wiki/I_Know_%3F) " Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) Written works Book Ratajkowski, Emily (2022). My Body . Metropolitan Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1250817860 . Essays — (February 17, 2016). "Emily Ratajkowski On Why Women Shouldn't Feel Guilty About Being Sexy" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/models/a14244/baby-woman-emily-ratajkowski/) . Harper's Bazaar . — (September 15, 2020). "Buying Myself Back: When does a model own her own image?" (https://www.thecut.com/article/emily-ratajkowski-owning-my-image-essay.html) . The Cut . — (October 26, 2020). "Emily Ratajkowski on Pregnancy and Why She Doesn't Want to Reveal the Gender of Her Baby" (https://www.vogue.com/article/emily-ratajkowski-pregnant-announcement-digital-cover) . Vogue . 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Elle sort du silence" (https://www.cosmopolitan.fr/emily-ratajkowski-en-couple-avec-un-acteur-francais-ils-echangent-un-baiser-passionne-dans-paris,2099295.asp) . Cosmopolitan.fr (in French). October 27, 2023 . Retrieved July 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-290) Ratajkowski, Emily (March 19, 2024). "Emily Ratajkowski's Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C4swhdjMSJO/?igsh=cHRqa3NkaTZtaDdw) . Instagram . Retrieved March 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Her grandfather was born in what is now Belarus (/wiki/Belarus) . [14] (#cite_note-Balgleybook-14) External links Wikiquote has quotations related to Emily Ratajkowski (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Emily_Ratajkowski) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emily Ratajkowski (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Emily_Ratajkowski) . 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Danish model Nina Agdal Agdal in 2016 Born Nina Brohus Agdal ( 1992-03-26 ) 26 March 1992 (age 32) Hillerød (/wiki/Hiller%C3%B8d) , Denmark Occupation Model Years active 2010–present Modeling information Height 1.76 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) Hair color Blonde Eye color Green [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) Agency Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York, Beverly Hills, Copenhagen) D'management Group (Milan) Iconic Management (Berlin) MP Stockholm (Stockholm) Vivien's Model Management - Sydney (Sydney) [2] (#cite_note-models.com-2) Nina Brohus Agdal (born 26 March 1992) is a Danish model. She is known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) . In 2014, she appeared on the magazine's 50th anniversary cover alongside Chrissy Teigen (/wiki/Chrissy_Teigen) and Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) . Early life Agdal was born 26 March 1992 in Denmark, [1] (#cite_note-FMD-1) where she grew up in the town of Hillerød (/wiki/Hiller%C3%B8d) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Career Agdal was discovered while on a street in her hometown. Having no modeling experience, she entered the Elite Model Look competition. She did not win, but signed with Elite Models Copenhagen (/wiki/Elite_Models_Copenhagen) and continued school until she was 18. After graduation, she moved to the United States, after which her modeling career blossomed. [4] (#cite_note-DailyFrontRow-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She has modeled for Billabong (/wiki/Billabong_(clothing)) , Adore Me (/wiki/Adore_Me) , Bebe Stores and Calzedonia. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) She has also been in fashion editorials for Vogue Mexico, Elle , Cosmopolitan , and CR fashion book by Carine Roitfeld. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2012, she made her first appearance in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) and was subsequently named the issue's "Rookie of the Year". She also appeared on the cover of Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) magazine for its March issue in 2017. [9] (#cite_note-Fox-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2014, she appeared on the 50th anniversary cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) with Chrissy Teigen (/wiki/Chrissy_Teigen) and Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) , [11] (#cite_note-Ward-11) which she regards as the "highlight" of her modeling career. [4] (#cite_note-DailyFrontRow-4) Agdal appeared in a 2013 Super Bowl (/wiki/Super_Bowl) television commercial for Carl's Jr. (/wiki/Carl%27s_Jr.) / Hardee's (/wiki/Hardee%27s) . [9] (#cite_note-Fox-9) In August 2016, she signed with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) . [ citation needed ] Personal life In 2022, she began dating YouTube star Logan Paul (/wiki/Logan_Paul) . [12] (#cite_note-12) On 9 July 2023, the couple jointly announced their engagement on Instagram. [13] (#cite_note-13) On 15 April 2024, the couple announced that they were expecting their first child. [14] (#cite_note-14) Filmography Don Jon (/wiki/Don_Jon) (2013) as Supermodel in commercial (cameo) Entourage (/wiki/Entourage_(film)) (2015) as Bridgite (cameo) References ^ a b c "Nina Agdal" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Nina_Agdal/) . Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160317085515/http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Nina_Agdal/) from the original on 17 March 2016 . Retrieved 18 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-models.com_2-0) "Nina Agdal - Model Profile - Photos & latest news" (https://models.com/models/nina-agdal) . models.com . Retrieved 11 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Tamburro, Paul (3 February 2017). "Meet Your New Favorite Woman on the Internet" (http://www.craveonline.com/culture/1208069-meet-new-favorite-woman-internet-nina-agdal#/slide/1) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170825181726/http://www.craveonline.com/culture/1208069-meet-new-favorite-woman-internet-nina-agdal#/slide/1) 25 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . CraveOnline. ^ a b Sadick, Sydney (7 August 2015). "Nina Agdal’s Supermodel Moves At SLT" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/nina-agdals-supermodel-moves-at-slt/) . The Daily Front Row (/wiki/The_Daily_Front_Row) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Rookies Class Of 2012" (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1195008/5/index.htm) . Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) . 17 February 2012 . Retrieved 1 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Nina Agdal she grew up in Hillerød, Denmark, and has modeled for Billabong, Victoria's Secret, Bebe Stores and Calzedonia - Hot Fitness Girl" (http://www.hotfitnessgirl.com/2016/12/nina-agdal-grew-hillerod-denmark-modeled-billabong-victorias-secret-bebe-stores-calzedonia.html) . Hot Fitness Girl . 13 December 2016 . Retrieved 18 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Hendrix, Kelsey. "Nina Agdal is the new face of Adore Me Swimwear" (https://www.si.com/swim-daily/2016/08/08/nina-agdal-adore-me-swimwear-campaign-bikini) . Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) . Retrieved 8 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Luciani, Jene (11 October 2012). "Bikini Body Secrets from Sport's Illustrated Model Nina Agdal" (http://www.shape.com/blogs/fit-famous/bikini-body-secrets-victoria%E2%80%99s-secret-model-nina-agdal) . Shape (/wiki/Shape_(magazine)) . Fit & Famous (blog) . Retrieved 1 February 2013 . ^ a b Murphy, Meaghan (1 February 2013). "Nina Agdal follows Kate Upton as Carl's Jr., spokesmodel, lands Super Bowl commercial" (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2013/02/01/nina-agdal-follows-kate-upton-as-carl-jr-spokesmodel-lands-super-bowl/) . Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) . Retrieved 1 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Carl's Jr. Releases New Charbroiled Atlantic Cod Fish Sandwich, With Swimsuit Model Nina Agdal (VIDEO)" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/29/carls-jr-charbroiled-cod-nina-agdal_n_2567040.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . 29 January 2013 . Retrieved 1 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ward_11-0) Ward, Michelle (13 February 2014). "Lily Aldridge, Chrissy Teigen & Nina Agdal Grace Sports Illustrated's 50th Anniversary Swimsuit Issue!" (http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20787015,00.html) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved 14 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Petter, Olivia (2 January 2023). "Logan Paul and Nina Agdal confirm relationship with Instagram post on New Year's Eve" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/logan-paul-nina-agdal-relationship-instagram-new-year-s-eve-b2254599.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 16 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Simpson, Michael Lee; Rice, Nicholas. "Logan Paul Engaged to Girlfriend Nina Agdal: 'My Best Friend' (https://people.com/logan-paul-and-nina-agdal-engaged-7557945) " (https://people.com/logan-paul-and-nina-agdal-engaged-7557945) . People . Retrieved 2 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Sacks, Hannah (15 April 2024). "Logan Paul Expecting First Baby with Fiancée Nina Agdal: "Another Paul Coming This Fall" (https://people.com/logan-paul-expecting-first-baby-with-fiancee-nina-agdal-8631590) " (https://people.com/logan-paul-expecting-first-baby-with-fiancee-nina-agdal-8631590) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved 16 April 2024 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nina Agdal (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nina_Agdal) . Nina Agdal (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4906342/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Nina Agdal (https://www.instagram.com/ninaagdal/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Nina Agdal (https://x.com/NinaAgdal) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) Nina Agdal (https://www.si.com/swimsuit/model/nina-agdal) gallery at Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Nina Agdal (https://www.models.com/models/nina-agdal) profile at Models.com v t e Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) cover models (/wiki/List_of_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue_cover_models) 1960s Babette March (/wiki/Babette_March) Sue Peterson (/w/index.php?title=Sue_Peterson_(model)&action=edit&redlink=1) Sunny Bippus (/wiki/Sunny_Bippus) Marilyn Tindall (/wiki/Marilyn_Tindall) Turia Mau (/wiki/Turia_Mau) Jamee Becker (/wiki/Jamee_Becker) 1970s Cheryl Tiegs (/wiki/Cheryl_Tiegs) Tannia Rubiano (/wiki/Tannia_Rubiano) Shelia Roscoe 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South Korean musician LØREN Loren performing in April 2024 Born Lee Seung-joo Nationality Korean Occupations Singer songwriter producer Musical career Genres K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) heavy rock (/wiki/Heavy_metal_music) punk-pop (/wiki/Punk-pop) indie (/wiki/Independent_music) Instrument(s) Vocals Guitar Drums Years active 2015–present Labels The Black Label (/wiki/The_Black_Label) Fire Exit Records 88rising (/wiki/88rising) Website www (http://www.lorensbasement.com/) .lorensbasement (http://www.lorensbasement.com/) .com (http://www.lorensbasement.com/) Musical artist Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 로렌 Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Roren McCune–Reischauer (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) Roren Birth name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 이승주 Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) I Seungju McCune–Reischauer (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) I Sŭngju Lee Seung-joo ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 이승주), better known by his stage name Loren ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 로렌, stylized as LØREN ), is a South Korean singer, songwriter and producer under The Black Label (/wiki/The_Black_Label) , and releases music through his own indie label Fire Exit Records. He debuted as a singer on November 13, 2020, with his heavy rock track "Empty Trash". He is credited as a producer on G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) 's 2017 song, " 개소리 (Bullshit) (/wiki/Bullshit_(G-Dragon_song)) ", and as a lyricist on Blackpink (/wiki/Blackpink) 's songs " Pretty Savage (/wiki/Pretty_Savage) ", " You Never Know (/wiki/You_Never_Know_(Blackpink_song)) ", and " Lovesick Girls (/wiki/Lovesick_Girls) ." [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Loren was born to South Korean parents. His father is Lee Hae-jin, Naver (/wiki/Naver) 's founder and Global Investment Officer (GIO), and his mother is Lee Young-rin. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) He also has one sister, Lee Yeon-joo. [ citation needed ] When Loren was around 5th grade, he moved to Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) and studied at the Singapore American School (/wiki/Singapore_American_School) . [3] (#cite_note-3) After graduating from high school in 2013, he moved to Japan and decided to try to be an EDM producer. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Career [ edit ] 2015–2017: Career begins and contract with The Black Label [ edit ] Between the age of 19 and 20, Lee's main goal was to make rap (/wiki/Rapping) and dubstep (/wiki/Dubstep) beats. He would send the music he made to people he thought might listen to his work, including The Black Label (/wiki/The_Black_Label) . They offered Lee the chance to work with them and practice as a producer. Lee soon went on to Seoul's nightclub scene to hone his skills as an EDM producer and DJ. Through this work, Lee got the chance to work with one of the best-selling and well-known artists in Korea, G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) . From this connection, Lee obtained a producer credit, under the name Cawlr, on one of GD (/wiki/G-Dragon) 's hits, " 개소리 (BULLSHIT) (/wiki/Bullshit_(G-Dragon_song)) ". [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Lee also worked as a model, posing for W Korea (/wiki/W_(magazine)) and for the brand of Korean designer Choi Moo-yul, Vlad Vladis. [5] (#cite_note-5) In October 2017, a celebrity launch party hosted by Italian fashion house Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) called "F is for.." celebrated Taeyang (/wiki/Taeyang) 's collection with the brand in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . Lee was one of the DJs (/wiki/Disc_jockey) at the event, alongside other well-known DJs in the Asian music scene. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) 2018–2022: Work with Blackpink, solo debut and first fashion appearances [ edit ] In 2020, Lee participated in Blackpink (/wiki/Blackpink) 's The Album (/wiki/The_Album_(Blackpink_album)) ; he is credited as a co-lyricist on three of the eight tracks - " Pretty Savage (/wiki/Pretty_Savage) ", " You Never Know (/wiki/The_Album_(Blackpink_album)) ", and " Lovesick Girls (/wiki/Lovesick_Girls) ". Lee also had a cameo appearance in the music video for "Lovesick Girls". [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) Before participating in the music video, Lee featured in two studio live streams with Rosé (/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_(singer)) as a guitarist. Additionally, Rosé, on her 25th birthday, surprised her fans by uploading on her personal Youtube channel (/wiki/Youtube_channel) three covers of songs by Coldplay (/wiki/Coldplay) , Neck Deep (/wiki/Neck_Deep) and Oasis (/wiki/Oasis_(band)) , with the help of Lee playing the acoustic guitar. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Under The Black Label, Lee has his own indie record company, Fire Exit RECØRDS. He also has a distribution company AWAL (/wiki/AWAL) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) The Black Label states that he isn't a singer under the company and that his company is separate from the label. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Lee said the meaning of his name comes from one of the tattoos on his chest, "LØNER". The word is formed by changing the positions of R (/wiki/R) and N (/wiki/N) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Lee's fandom is called Løners, inspired by the same tattoo. [ citation needed ] Lee made his debut on November 13, 2020, with the release of "Empty Trash". [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-:4-11) The song is influenced by early 2000s rock bands with heavier rock sounds. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) Lee released his second single, "Need (ooo-eee)", on July 21, 2021. It is a post-grunge, melancholy punk pop song, [13] (#cite_note-:2-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) with lyrics which recalls the summers of his childhood. [13] (#cite_note-:2-13) In November 2021, he released his third song, "All My Friends Are Turning Blue". This song marks the first time Lee played with a band. [15] (#cite_note-15) Fashion magazine Dazed Korea put Lee on the cover of its 2022 March issue with Rosé (/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_(singer)) . Eight covers were published, all with Rosé and Lee wearing Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) 's fresh collection. [16] (#cite_note-16) Lee was also spotted at the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) in March 2022 at Yves Saint Laurent's fashion show by Anthony Vaccarello. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) In April of the same year, he uploaded on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) a photo of him alongside the logo of the fashion brand, Saint Laurent, announcing Lee as a model and representative of Saint Laurent's 2022 Eyewear Campaign. Lee was the first male solo artist from Korea chosen by the brand as their model. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) 2023-present: Release of first album [ edit ] In March 2023, alongside the announcement of his debut EP (/wiki/Extended_play) Put Up a Fight , Lee signed to the recording label 88rising (/wiki/88rising) , through which he would release his project in partnership with The Black Label. [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) NME (/wiki/NME) regarded his album as "a collection of defiant alternative rock anthems, soaring guitar riffs inspiring the kind of adrenaline that comes with a battle for survival." [24] (#cite_note-:6-24) Lee shared that the five songs on the album were the ones he felt most dear about as they pushed his musical boundaries. Put Up a Fight allowed him to express the frustration from the public eye and how quickly people have an opinion about somebody just because someone else says so, and also about the self-doubt he faced while writing the album. [25] (#cite_note-25) After a successful showcase at SXSW (/wiki/South_by_Southwest) , [26] (#cite_note-26) Løren performed as part of Coachella (/wiki/Coachella_(festival)) 's 2023 line-up, marking his first appearance there. [24] (#cite_note-:6-24) [27] (#cite_note-:7-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2024, he released the single "Gasoline" in cooperation with 88rising's group 1999 Write The Future. Influences [ edit ] Lee states that his music is mainly influenced by the style of the 90s and 2000s. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) The songwriters and performers he most admires are Julian Casablancas (/wiki/Julian_Casablancas) , Jack White (/wiki/Jack_White) , Damon Albarn (/wiki/Damon_Albarn) , Liam Gallagher (/wiki/Liam_Gallagher) , Kurt Cobain (/wiki/Kurt_Cobain) , and Pete Doherty (/wiki/Pete_Doherty) . [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) In an interview with NME (/wiki/NME) , he talked about how music helped him throughout his teenage years, as the message of freedom of speech and opinions charmed him. At that time, he recalls, artists like Paramore (/wiki/Paramore) , Muse (/wiki/Muse_(band)) and Vampire Weekend (/wiki/Vampire_Weekend) had sparked his love as well. [24] (#cite_note-:6-24) Discography [ edit ] Extended plays [ edit ] List of extended plays, showing selected details Title Details Put Up a Fight Released: March 24, 2023 Label: The Black Label (/wiki/The_Black_Label) , 88rising (/wiki/88rising) Formats: CD (/wiki/Compact_disc) , digital download (/wiki/Music_download) , streaming (/wiki/Streaming_media) Singles [ edit ] List of singles, showing year released, selected chart positions, and name of the album Title Year Peak chart positions Album KOR (/wiki/Circle_Chart) "Empty Trash" 2020 — Non-album singles "Need (ooo-eee)" 2021 — "All My Friends Are Turning Blue" — "Folks" 2023 — Put Up a Fight "Gasoline" (with 1999 Write The Future) 2024 — Non-album singles "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory Composition credits [ edit ] All song credits are adapted from the Korea Music Copyright Association (/wiki/Korea_Music_Copyright_Association) 's database unless stated otherwise. [31] (#cite_note-31) List of songs, showing year released, artist name, and name of the album Title Year Artist Album Composer (/wiki/Composer) Lyricist (/wiki/Lyricist) Arranger (/wiki/Arranger) " Bullshit (/wiki/Bullshit_(G-Dragon_song)) " ( 개소리 ) 2017 G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) Kwon Ji Yong (/wiki/Kwon_Ji_Yong) " Lovesick Girls (/wiki/Lovesick_Girls) " 2020 Blackpink (/wiki/Blackpink) The Album (/wiki/The_Album_(Blackpink_album)) " Pretty Savage (/wiki/Pretty_Savage) " "You Never Know" "Empty Trash" Himself Non-album singles "Need (ooo-eee)" 2021 "All My Friends Are Turning Blue" "Folks" 2023 "Put Up a Fight" "Temporary" "Sticks And Stones" "Panic" "Frown" Videography [ edit ] Music videos [ edit ] Title Year Director Ref. "Empty Trash" 2020 Himself [11] (#cite_note-:4-11) "Need (ooo-eee)" 2021 [32] (#cite_note-32) "All My Friends Are Turning Blue" [33] (#cite_note-33) "Folks" 2023 [34] (#cite_note-34) "Panic" — [35] (#cite_note-35) "Gasoline" (with 1999 Write The Future) 2024 Mamesjad [36] (#cite_note-36) References [ edit ] ^ a b Baek, Yoongi (November 13, 2020). "[단독]'이해진 네이버 창업자 아들' 로렌, 가수 전격 데뷔" (https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=018&aid=0004784960) [[Exclusive] 'Lee Hae-jin, the son of Naver founder' Loren, makes his debut as a singer]. E Daily (in Korean). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230719155652/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=018&aid=0004784960) from the original on July 19, 2023 . Retrieved September 23, 2022 – via Naver (/wiki/Naver) . ^ a b Hwang, Hye-jin (November 13, 2020). 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230719155653/https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/loren-interview-put-up-a-fight-debut-ep-release-theblacklabel-88rising-march-2023) from the original on July 19, 2023 . Retrieved August 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Songs Registered Under Lee Seung-joo (10015622)" (https://www.komca.or.kr/srch2/srch_01_popup_mem_right.jsp?S_MB_CD=10015622) . Korea Music Copyright Association (in Korean). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230719160839/https://www.komca.or.kr/srch2/srch_01_popup_mem_right.jsp?S_MB_CD=10015622) from the original on July 19, 2023 . Retrieved July 10, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Løren - 'Need (ooo-eee)' M/V . The Black Label. July 29, 2021. Archived from the original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvArxvIepks) on July 19, 2023 . Retrieved August 22, 2023 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Løren - 'All My Friends Are Turning Blue' M/V . The Black Label. November 25, 2021. Archived from the original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2z5nYjmnrE) on July 19, 2023 . Retrieved July 10, 2022 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Løren - 'Folks' M/V . The Black Label. March 24, 2023. Archived from the original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GS0ImSIR1A0) on June 11, 2023 . Retrieved August 22, 2023 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-35) The Black Label (April 7, 2023). Løren - 'Panic' M/V . Archived from the original (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kUQvweDx50) on May 13, 2023 . Retrieved August 22, 2023 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-36) 1999 Write the Future, Løren - Gasoline (Official Music Video) . June 28, 2024 . 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Italian businessman and fashion designer (1905–1990) Aldo Gucci Gucci in 1964 Born 26 May 1905 Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Tuscany (/wiki/Tuscany) , Kingdom of Italy (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy) Died 19 January 1990 (1990-01-19) (aged 84) Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Lazio (/wiki/Lazio) , Italy Occupations Businessman fashion designer Known for Chairman of Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) (1953–1986) Spouses Olwen Price ( m. 1927 ) Bruna Palombo ( m. 1981) Children 4, including Paolo (/wiki/Paolo_Gucci) and Patricia (/wiki/Patricia_Gucci) Parent Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) (father) Relatives Rodolfo Gucci (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) (brother) Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) (nephew) Alexandra Zarini (/wiki/Alexandra_Zarini) (granddaughter) Aldo Gucci (26 May 1905 – 19 January 1990) was an Italian personality and the chairman of Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) from 1953 to 1986. He was the eldest biological son of Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) , who founded the company bearing the family name in 1921. Early life and family [ edit ] Aldo Gucci was born on 26 May 1905 in Florence, into a Tuscan family dating back to the thirteenth century in the nearby town of San Miniato (/wiki/San_Miniato) . [1] (#cite_note-1) He had three brothers – Vasco, Rodolfo (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) , and Enzo (who died aged nine) – and a sister, Grimalda. He also had a half-brother, Ugo, from his mother's previous relationship. After Enzo had died at nine, Aldo was the eldest of children born to Aida Calvelli and Guccio Gucci. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) In his formative years, he developed an interest in equestrianism and botany, which would later find its outlet in product design and a passion for gardening. At age sixteen he began part-time work in his father's first shop in via della Vigna Nuova in Florence. He had a degree in economics (/wiki/Economics) from San Marco College in Florence. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Career [ edit ] From the age of 20, Aldo began work full-time at Gucci. He went on to open the first shop outside of Florence, in Rome (/wiki/Rome) in 1938. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) Gucci became an overnight status symbol when the bamboo handbag was featured on Ingrid Bergman (/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman) 's arm in Roberto Rossellini (/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini) 's 1954 film Journey to Italy (/wiki/Journey_to_Italy) . The GG insignia became an instant favourite of Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)) celebrities and European royalty. In 1952, Aldo travelled to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) with his brothers Rodolfo (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) and Vasco. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) They opened the first store outside of Italy in New York City, only two weeks before their father's death. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) President John F. Kennedy (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) heralded Aldo as the first Italian Ambassador to fashion [5] (#cite_note-5) and he was awarded an honorary degree by the City University of New York (/wiki/City_University_of_New_York) in recognition of his philanthropic activity, described as the "Michelangelo of Merchandising". [6] (#cite_note-6) He went on to open shops in Chicago, Palm Beach and Beverly Hills, before expanding to Tokyo, Hong Kong and in cities around the world through a global franchising network. For over thirty years he was dedicated to the expansion of Gucci, developing the company into a vertically integrated business with its own tanneries, manufacturing and retail premises. Later years [ edit ] After their brother Vasco Gucci died in 1974, Rodolfo (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) and Aldo divided the business between themselves 50/50. However, Aldo's sons felt that Rodolfo had not contributed enough to the growth of the business. In an attempt to increase his profits, Aldo set up a perfume subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) and held 80 per cent of its ownership for himself and his three sons. This rivalry eventually spiralled into family warfare. [7] (#cite_note-:32-7) In 1980, Aldo's son Paolo Gucci (/wiki/Paolo_Gucci) attempted to launch his own business using the Gucci name, but Aldo disapproved and sued his son, threatening to cut off any Gucci supplier who signed on with Paolo. Seeking revenge, Paolo got Aldo removed from the company in 1984 with the help of his cousin Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) , who had recently become the majority shareholder. [8] (#cite_note-TIFO-8) In addition, Paolo also tipped off the IRS (/wiki/IRS) about his father's tax evasion. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In January 1986, Aldo Gucci was sentenced to one year and one day in prison for tax evasion, evading $7 million in New York. He was age 81 at the time of the sentencing. He served his time at the Federal Prison Camp, Eglin (/wiki/Federal_Prison_Camp,_Eglin) . [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1989, a year before his death, Aldo sold his Gucci shares to Investcorp (/wiki/Investcorp) . [8] (#cite_note-TIFO-8) That same year, Maurizio was made chairman of the Gucci group following a nearly six-year legal battle for control over Gucci. [13] (#cite_note-13) [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) Maurizio did not have a background in business, and the business was in a dire economic and creative strait by 1993. [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) That year Maurizio Gucci resigned and sold his remaining interest to Investcorp, ending the Gucci family's association with the company. [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) Personal life and death [ edit ] Aldo married Olwen Price on 22 August 1927, together they had three sons – Giorgio, Paolo (/wiki/Paolo_Gucci) and Roberto. [14] (#cite_note-14) He had an extra-marital affair with Bruna Palombo, together they had a daughter Patricia (/wiki/Patricia_Gucci) in 1963. [15] (#cite_note-15) Aldo married Bruna in 1981 in America, despite never divorcing Olwen in Italy. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) He had homes in New York City, Palm Beach, Rome, [18] (#cite_note-18) Florence, Beverly Hills, London, and Paris. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Aldo Gucci died in Rome (/wiki/Rome) at the age of 84 of prostate cancer, on 19 January 1990. [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) He was buried in the family mausoleum in Florence. [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) Arms [ edit ] The Gucci coat-of-arms Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) ; his eldest living biological son, Aldo Gucci; Aldo Gucci's sons, Giorgio Gucci, Paolo Gucci (/wiki/Paolo_Gucci) , and Roberto Gucci; and grandson Uberto Gucci claimed the right to use an inherited, ancestral coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms) after the Kingdom of Italy (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy) , which was ruled by the House of Savoy (/wiki/House_of_Savoy) , transitioned to the Italian Republic (/wiki/Italy) in 1946. [20] (#cite_note-20) The blazon recorded, as recorded in the Archives of Florence (/wiki/Firenze) , [21] (#cite_note-21) is as follows: "Azure, three red poles bordered argent (white); a chief or, loaded to the right (dexter) of a wheel of azure, and to the left (sinister) of a rose of red." ("D'azzurro, a tre pali di rosso bordati d'argento; e al capo d'oro caricato a destra di una ruota d'azzurro, e a sinistra di una rosa di rosso.") Translation: "Family of San Miniato; Giacinto Gucci and his brothers were admitted to the nobility of San Miniato in 1763 (on that occasion it is declared that the family had come from Cremona in 1224); Giuseppe di Gaetano Gucci, on the other hand, was admitted to the nobility of Fiesole in 1839. Francesco di Benedetto Gucci obtained Florentine citizenship in 1601, for the Golden Lion banner; Giovanni Battista by Giovan Piero Gucci obtained it in 1634, in the Scala banner." Court documents, records, and subsequent rulings indicate that, because the Gucci family trademarked the coat-of-arms in 1955, the trademark transferred with the sale of the Gucci company by Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) to Investcorp (/wiki/Investcorp) , and subsequent company owners, in 1993. [22] (#cite_note-22) However, Uberto Gucci (b. 1960), the son of Roberto Gucci, and the grandson of Aldo Gucci, claims that the Gucci family still has the right to use the ancestral Gucci coat-of-arms. In popular culture [ edit ] In the film House of Gucci (/wiki/House_of_Gucci) (2021), Aldo Gucci is played by American actor Al Pacino (/wiki/Al_Pacino) . [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Forden, Sara G (8 May 2012). The House of Gucci: A Sensational Story of Murder, Madness, Glamour, and Greed . Harper Collins. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780062222671 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Guccio Gucci" (https://fashionelite.com/profile/guccio-gucci/) . Fashion Elite . 20 September 2016 . Retrieved 12 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Everett, Victoria; Bentley, Logan; Hauptfuhrer, Fred (6 September 1982). "Move Over, Dallas; Behind the Glittering Facade, a Family Feud Rocks the House of Gucci" (http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20083026,00.html) . People . Retrieved 11 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "via condotti store, rome" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150928124014/http://www.gucci.com/ch/worldofgucci/articles/rome-flagship) . Gucci. 2 September 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.gucci.com/ch/worldofgucci/articles/rome-flagship) on 28 September 2015 . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The American | In Italia: At Large: History 102: Bloodied luxury" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125509/http://www.theamericanmag.com/article_print.php?article=3042&show_images=1) . Theamericanmag.com. 30 November 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.theamericanmag.com/article_print.php?article=3042&show_images=1) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Gaiter, Dorothy J. (3 June 1983). "AT 3 COMMENCEMENTS, RECOGNITION AND ADVICE" (https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/03/nyregion/at-3-commencements-recognition-and-advice-209299.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-:32_7-0) Moore, Claire (7 January 2001). "PrimeTime: Gucci, Glamour and Greed" (https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=132294&page=1) . ABC News . Retrieved 12 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Family Feud: The Guccis" (http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2015/06/family-feud-the-guccis/) . Today I Found Out. 15 June 2015 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_9-0) "OBITUARY: Paolo Gucci" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-paolo-gucci-1577530.html) . The Independent . 14 October 1995. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160313042337/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-paolo-gucci-1577530.html) from the original on 13 March 2016 . Retrieved 12 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Shipp, E. R. (20 July 1982). "A Gucci Sues Relatives" (https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/20/style/a-gucci-sues-relatives.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 12 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Guccio Gucci" (https://www.theflorentine.net/2009/06/18/guccio-gucci/) . The Florentine . 17 June 2009 . Retrieved 12 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Moore, Claire (6 January 2006). "Greed, Glamour, Gucci Galore: A Family Tale" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=115639) . ABC News . Retrieved 1 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "GUCCI RESTORES ITS TARNISHED IMAGE" (https://www.afr.com/companies/gucci-restores-its-tarnished-image-19901019-kan8z) . Financial Review . 19 October 1990 . Retrieved 1 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Widow Charges 'Fraud' in Gucci's Will" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-11-mn-1529-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . 11 May 1990. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Friedman, Vanessa (9 September 2020). "Gucci Heir Alleges Child Sexual Abuse" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/style/gucci-family-lawsuit.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 30 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Neal, Toby (4 November 2017). "Romance, intrigue, Gucci . . . and a Shropshire wedding" (https://www.shropshirestar.com/news/nostalgia/2017/11/04/shropshire-wedding-for-global-style-guru-gucci/) . Shropshire Star (/wiki/Shropshire_Star) . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Bruna Gucci" (https://www.myheritage.com/names/bruna_gucci) . MyHeritage . Retrieved 1 August 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Block, India (4 November 2023). "Houses Of Gucci: See Inside The Mid-Century Villa In Rome Built By Aldo Gucci On Sale For £13 Million" (https://www.standard.co.uk/homesandproperty/celebrity-homes/house-of-gucci-mansion-for-sale-rome-b1117983.html) . Evening Standard . Retrieved 18 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Aldo Gucci, 84; Expanded Fashion House in U.S." (https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/21/obituaries/aldo-gucci-84-expanded-fashion-house-in-us.html) The New York Times . Reuters. 1990. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 23 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Mendola, Louis (20 July 2018). "Gucci Beats Out Founder's Great-Grandson in Battle Over "Gucci" Trademarks" (https://www.thefashionlaw.com/gucci-beats-out-founders-great-grandson-in-battle-over-gucci-trademarks/) . The Fashion Law . Retrieved 7 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Famiglia GUCCI (fasc. 2545)" (https://www.archiviodistato.firenze.it/ceramellipapiani/index.php?page=Famiglia&id=3993) . Archivo di Stato di Firenze (in Italian). 2008 . Retrieved 7 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "GUCCI AMERICA, INC., Plaintiff, v. FRONTLINE PROCESSING CORP., Woodforest National Bank, Durango Merchant Services LLC, d/b/a National Bankcard Systems of Durango, "ABC Companies," and "John Does", Defendants" (https://web.archive.org/web/20211207194749/https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/cases/4789) . H20 by Harvard Law . 23 June 2010. Archived from the original (https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/cases/4789) on 7 December 2021 . Retrieved 7 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "House of Gucci Cast vs. Real Life" (https://www.eonline.com/photos/32497/house-of-gucci-cast-vs-real-life) . E! (/wiki/E!) . 29 July 2021 . Retrieved 2 August 2021 . v t e Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) People Guccio Gucci (/wiki/Guccio_Gucci) (founder) Cristóbal Balenciaga (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga) Aldo Gucci Maurizio Gucci (/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci) Paolo Gucci (/wiki/Paolo_Gucci) Rodolfo Gucci (/wiki/Rodolfo_Gucci) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Alessandro Michele (/wiki/Alessandro_Michele) Patricia Gucci (/wiki/Patricia_Gucci) Brands Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) Boucheron (/wiki/Boucheron) Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) Subsidiaries Doccia porcelain (/wiki/Doccia_porcelain) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/4120148390835310830000) National Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2016935383&CON_LNG=ENG) People Italian People (https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/aldo-gucci_(Dizionario-Biografico)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐c8px8 Cached time: 20240719204629 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.476 seconds Real time usage: 0.608 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3801/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63286/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4973/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 104418/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.300/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7686396/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 562.944 1 -total 37.76% 212.572 1 Template:Infobox_person 33.08% 186.222 1 Template:Reflist 13.85% 77.976 1 Template:Cite_book 12.84% 72.282 2 Template:Ubl 12.76% 71.832 1 Template:Short_description 11.25% 63.339 2 Template:Marriage 9.56% 53.831 14 Template:Cite_web 9.35% 52.646 19 Template:Pluralize_from_text 7.68% 43.216 1 Template:Gucci Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40611559-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719204629 and revision id 1214947889. 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Clothing combination A manteau and pants is a combination of a manteau (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) (long coat or robe) and pants (/wiki/Trousers) worn together. This ensemble became common in Iran following the Islamic Revolution (/wiki/Iranian_Revolution) , particularly due to the implementation of mandatory hijab (/wiki/Compulsory_hijab_in_Iran) . Manteau and pants come in various styles, including formal wear for parties, casual everyday wear, school uniforms, and office attire. Currently, manteau and pants are primarily worn as standard attire in administrative and organizational settings in Iran, serving as a symbol of religious and political norms. However, following the death of Mahsa Amini (/wiki/Death_of_Mahsa_Amini) and the subsequent Mahsa Amini protests (/wiki/Mahsa_Amini_protests) , the wearing of manteau and pants has notably declined among Iranian women. This shift reflects a growing resistance to mandatory hijab and a broader movement towards personal expression and freedom of choice. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Following the Islamic Revolution in 1979, a specific style of manteau was introduced to Iranian officials by French political intermediaries and subsequently adopted as an acceptable form of attire by the ruling authorities. [2] (#cite_note-2) Initially, women continued to work in government offices without mandatory hijab, even in the early years after the revolution. However, this changed in 1980 when a plan was enacted to ban unveiled women from entering government offices. While this decree did not mandate a specific uniform or manteau and pants combination, it did require women to wear modest, long-sleeved clothing with a headscarf. [3] (#cite_note-3) In the early days of the manteau's adoption, long manteaus were typically worn with socks, and it was only later that manteaus began to be paired with pants. Later, during the presidency of Mohammad-Ali Rajai (/wiki/Mohammad-Ali_Rajai) , the government issued a circular defining the required hijab for women entering government offices. The circular, which was accompanied by an illustration of two veiled women, outlined the following requirements: Hijab should consist of an Islamic manteau and pants, with a headscarf as shown in the illustration. All forms of makeup should be avoided. Supervisors of each unit are responsible for strictly enforcing hijab regulations within their units. [4] (#cite_note-4) In recent years [ when? ] , various circulars have been issued mandating the use of manteaus and pants for employees in both the public (/wiki/Public_sector) and private sectors. [5] (#cite_note-5) Manteau and pants have also been legally mandated as the primary attire for female students in Iranian schools. Culture [ edit ] In an effort to promote the chador as an alternative to the manteau for women, Iranian cultural authorities have introduced the "National Chador" design and have claimed that this garment, worn with trousers, is a model for Islamic women's attire. [6] (#cite_note-6) In TV series and films broadcast on the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting) (IRIB), images of educated women wearing manteau-trousers and traditional women wearing chadors are broadcast. Manteaus, inspired by the traditional clothing of various ethnic groups, including Iranian Arabs, Kurds and Lurs, are also available in the market with a variety of designs and even decorated with verses of Iranian poets. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Guidance Patrol [ edit ] Main article: Guidance Patrol (/wiki/Guidance_Patrol) Manteau and pants have played a significant role in Iran's Social Security Plan (/wiki/Guidance_Patrol) , particularly in enforcing mandatory hijab regulations. Women have been detained and even assaulted for wearing manteaus that are too short or pants that are deemed too tight or revealing. Businesses and manufacturing units found violating these regulations have been shut down and sealed. According to a directive issued by the Tehran Tailors' Union, the minimum length for a manteau to comply with the compulsory hijab law is 100 centimeters, and the production and sale of shorter manteaus are prohibited. However, this poses a challenge for tall women, as a 100-centimeter manteau may still be too short for their height. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Based on the "Ladies' Dress Code Guidelines" and the emphasis of the Secretary of General Culture Council of Iran (/wiki/General_Culture_Council) , the use of manteaus shorter than knee-length and open-front manteaus is prohibited. Additionally, the front of manteaus must overlap and have buttons. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "۱۴۰۱: سالی که به نام زنان ایران شد" (https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/crgqr90g7pko) . BBC News (in Persian). 20 March 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-2) The French Historical Revolution, Peter Burke, Wiley, Ulick Peter Burke . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "علی قدوسی دادستان کل انقلاب و ویرانگر «عدالتخانه»، ایرج مصداقی" (https://news.gooya.com/2017/09/post-7319.php) . news.gooya.com (in Persian). ^ (#cite_ref-4) شورش، روایتی زنانه از انقلاب ایران؛ مهرانگیز کار؛ نشر باران؛ سوئد؛ چاپ اول 2006؛ ضمائم . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "بخشنامه مهم وزارت کشور درباره حجاب کارمندان دولتی و بخش خصوصی - تسنیم" (https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1394/03/30/775610/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C) . Tasnim . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Sarmayeh (http://www.sarmayeh.net/ShowNews.php?17639%5B%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%5D) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) Borsa News (http://www.bornanews.com/Nsite/Tools/PrintVersion/?Id=295318) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) Aryan News (http://www.aryanews.net/Default.aspx?cod=1020081110001303%5B%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%5D) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) بايد مانتوي بلند تر تنت کني! (https://web.archive.org/web/20140428231600/http://www.ebtekarnews.com/Ebtekar/News.aspx?NID=17462) Ebtekar (/wiki/Ebtekar_(newspaper)) (in Persian) ^ (#cite_ref-10) نامه سرگشاده خبرنگار خانم روزنامه اعتماد خطاب به فرمانده نیروی انتظامی (https://web.archive.org/web/20110727184949/http://www.reporter.ir/archives/88/2/006006.php) reporter.ir (in Persian) ^ (#cite_ref-11) نیوز, اخبار روز ایران و جهان | آفتاب (6 March 1401). "دستورالعمل پوشاک زنان ابلاغ شد/پوشیدن این مانتوها ممنوع است" (http://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/773392) . aftabnews.ir (in Persian). {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "ابلاغیه جدید؛ ممنوعیت مانتوهای جلوباز و بالای زانو – DW – ۱۴۰۱/۳/۶" (https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88/a-61958850) . dw.com . 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Fashion combination For other uses, see Socks and Sandals (disambiguation) (/wiki/Socks_and_Sandals_(disambiguation)) . Sandals worn with white ankle socks. Wearing socks and sandals together is a controversial fashion (/wiki/Fashion) combination and social phenomenon that is discussed in various countries and cultures. In some places it is considered a fashion faux pas (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/faux_pas) . [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] The earliest known surviving pair of socks, created by naalbinding (/wiki/Naalbinding) . The split toes were designed for use with sandals. Dating from 300–500, they were excavated from Oxyrhynchus (/wiki/Oxyrhynchus) on the Nile in Egypt. The earliest evidence of wearing socks (/wiki/Sock) and sandals (/wiki/Sandal) is documented at the archaeological site between Dishforth (/wiki/Dishforth) and Leeming (/wiki/Leeming,_North_Yorkshire) in North Yorkshire (/wiki/North_Yorkshire) , England. The discovery suggests that ancient Romans (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) wore socks with sandals at least 2,000 years ago. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActonAdamsPacker2006241-3) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) are a type of traditional Japanese socks designed to be worn together with sandals that have been used since at least the 15th century. [4] (#cite_note-4) Reception [ edit ] Saurabh Bhatia, the author of the book Indian Corporate Etiquette , advises readers: "If, for some reason, you are not wearing socks with sandals, ensure your toes are clean and your toe-nails are closely clipped". [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhatia200842-5) Joshua Belter, the author of The Book of Rules: The Right Way to Do Everything , points out that wearing socks with sandals reduces the amount of cooling feet experience. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBelter2012132-6) However, energy design handbooks include light socks and sandals as part of a high- thermal flux (/wiki/Thermal_flux) tropical attire. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons2010138-7) [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButera199944-8) Regional phenomenon [ edit ] According to Brian Shea of The Evening Sun , wearing socks and sandals is popular among the older generation and Germans (/wiki/Germans) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The Britons are, according to The China Post (/wiki/The_China_Post) , "famed for fashion blunders like wearing socks with sandals". [10] (#cite_note-10) Wearing socks and sandals is considered rather unaesthetic in the Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) ; however, some people prefer socks and sandals, and a part of the population prefers both the options (sandals with and without socks). [11] (#cite_note-11) In Israel (/wiki/Israel) , socks and sandals are stereotypically (/wiki/Stereotype) associated with immigrants (/wiki/Immigration) from the former Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Socks and sandals is a regular Pacific Northwest (/wiki/Pacific_Northwest) phenomenon. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaupt200930-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChickowski201268-17) Seattle based insurance company PEMCO (/wiki/PEMCO) used the "Sandals & Socks Guy" character as part of a 2007 advertising campaign that portrayed this as a typically Pacific Northwest fashion. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) The Daily Dot (/wiki/The_Daily_Dot) highlighted "sandals and socks" as a term entered into a web search engine (/wiki/Web_search_engine) more often by Washingtonians than residents of any other state. [20] (#cite_note-20) Subculture phenomenon [ edit ] Kyle Gass (/wiki/Kyle_Gass) performing with Tenacious D (/wiki/Tenacious_D) while wearing socks and sandals Wearing socks and sandals is associated by some with geek culture (/wiki/Geek_culture) . [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELangley201230-21) [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReay200546-22) Socks and sandals were noted as a "high crime of fashion" when introduced as Xbox Live avatar (/wiki/Avatar_(Xbox_Live)) accessory downloadable content (/wiki/Downloadable_content) in 2009. [23] (#cite_note-23) 2010s fashion trend [ edit ] In 2010, the newspaper Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) reported that wearing socks and sandals was a hit for spring/summer of that year. [24] (#cite_note-24) Starting in 2010, and again in 2014, several sources reported that socks and sandals had become a fashion trend in the United States and the United Kingdom, appearing in several runway shows (/wiki/Runway_show) , including those of Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) (2010) and fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_design) Vivienne Tam (/wiki/Vivienne_Tam) and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen (/wiki/Mary-Kate_and_Ashley_Olsen) (2014), and picked up by celebrities. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) See also [ edit ] Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_socks) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_socks) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Socks and sandals voted biggest fashion faux pas of all time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130804171032/http://presscentre.debenhams.com/Press-Releases/Socks-and-sandals-voted-biggest-fashion-faux-pas-of-all-time-1fc.aspx) . Debenhams Press Center . Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) . 30 July 2013. Archived from the original (http://presscentre.debenhams.com/Press-Releases/Socks-and-sandals-voted-biggest-fashion-faux-pas-of-all-time-1fc.aspx) on 4 August 2013 . Retrieved 7 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Alleyne, Richard (25 August 2010). "Romans wore socks with sandals, new British dig suggests" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/7964516/Romans-wore-socks-with-sandals-new-British-dig-suggests.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160423040443/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/7964516/Romans-wore-socks-with-sandals-new-British-dig-suggests.html) from the original on 23 April 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActonAdamsPacker2006241_3-0) Acton, Adams & Packer 2006 (#CITEREFActonAdamsPacker2006) , p. 241. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fisher, Sammi (2018-12-18). "Tabi Boots Take Over Parsons" (https://www.newschoolfreepress.com/2018/12/18/tabi-boots-take-over-parsons/) . The New School Free Press (/wiki/The_New_School) . Retrieved 2023-09-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhatia200842_5-0) Bhatia 2008 (#CITEREFBhatia2008) , p. 42. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBelter2012132_6-0) Belter 2012 (#CITEREFBelter2012) , p. 132. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2010138_7-0) Parsons 2010 (#CITEREFParsons2010) , p. 138. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButera199944_8-0) Butera 1999 (#CITEREFButera1999) , p. 44. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Shea, Brian (7 July 2008). "Regular Guy: Power to the Relaxation Revolution" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714121127/http://www.eveningsun.com/ci_9807669) . Hanover, Pennsylvania: The Evening Sun. Archived from the original (http://www.eveningsun.com/ci_9807669) on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 1 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Britons are worst-dressed European tourists: study" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100609160047/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/europe/2010/06/07/259693/Britons-are.htm) . The China Post (/wiki/The_China_Post) (originally AFP (/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) ). 7 June 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.chinapost.com.tw/international/europe/2010/06/07/259693/Britons-are.htm) on 9 June 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Spor o ponožky v sandálech mě pobavil, píše Američan v reakci na Škromacha" (http://relax.lidovky.cz/spor-o-ponozky-v-sandalech-me-pobavil-napsal-redakci-american-p5h-/zajimavosti.aspx?c=A130731_135957_ln-zajimavosti_spa) . Lidové noviny (/wiki/Lidov%C3%A9_noviny) (in Czech). lidovky.cz. 1 August 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130803043705/http://relax.lidovky.cz/spor-o-ponozky-v-sandalech-me-pobavil-napsal-redakci-american-p5h-/zajimavosti.aspx?c=A130731_135957_ln-zajimavosti_spa) from the original on 3 August 2013 . Retrieved 1 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Israel's Russian Wave, Thirty Years Later » Mosaic" (https://mosaicmagazine.com/essay/israel-zionism/2020/11/israels-russian-wave-thirty-years-later/) . Mosaic . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220911223203/https://mosaicmagazine.com/essay/israel-zionism/2020/11/israels-russian-wave-thirty-years-later/) from the original on 2022-09-11 . Retrieved 2022-09-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Odessa – Tel Aviv" (https://www.eretzmuseum.org.il/e/376/) . Eretz Israel Museum (/wiki/Eretz_Israel_Museum) . 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220911223153/https://www.eretzmuseum.org.il/e/376/) from the original on 2022-09-11 . Retrieved 2022-09-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "סנטה קלאוס וסנדלים עם גרביים: יוצאי רוסיה זועמים על קמפיין גיור" (https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/education/2015-12-29/ty-article/.premium/0000017f-dc6d-db5a-a57f-dc6fec630000) [Santa Claus and sandals with socks: Russian immigrants furious over a Conversion to Judaism (/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism) campaign]. הארץ (in Hebrew). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220911223202/https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/education/2015-12-29/ty-article/.premium/0000017f-dc6d-db5a-a57f-dc6fec630000) from the original on 2022-09-11 . Retrieved 2022-09-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaupt200930_15-0) Haupt 2009 (#CITEREFHaupt2009) , p. 30 "Surely wearing binoculars is a novel fashion statement, one that has yet to be discovered by Paris, New York, or even Seattle, where we regularly dine out in polar fleece and wear sweat socks with our sandals." ^ (#cite_ref-16) Steve Scher (August 13, 2010), "Pacific Northwest Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180825185814/http://www2.kuow.org/program.php?id=21030) , Weekday (Radio show), KUOW, archived from the original (http://www2.kuow.org/program.php?id=21030) on August 25, 2018 , retrieved October 5, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChickowski201268_17-0) Chickowski 2012 (#CITEREFChickowski2012) , p. 68 "[S]pecialty beers are as de rigueur here [in the Northwest] as fleece jackets and sandals with socks." ^ (#cite_ref-18) Christina Corrales-Toy (August 29, 2014), "Newcastle native inspires PEMCO's newest Northwest Profile" (http://www.newcastle-news.com/2014/08/29/newcastle-native-inspires-pemcos-newest-northwest-profile) , Newcastle News , Newcastle, Washington (/wiki/Newcastle,_Washington) , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200811120839/http://www.newcastle-news.com/2014/08/29/newcastle-native-inspires-pemcos-newest-northwest-profile/) from the original on August 11, 2020 , retrieved October 3, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-19) Jennifer Gehrt (March 1, 2010), "We're a Lot Like You" PEMCO's Campaign , Seattle: Communique PR, archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151004140623/http://www.communiquepr.com/blog/?p=1246) from the original on October 4, 2015 , retrieved October 3, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Josh Katzowitz (August 26, 2015), "America's most shameful Google searches, state by state" (http://www.dailydot.com/lol/embarrassing-google-searches-by-state/) , The Daily Dot , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150909211840/http://www.dailydot.com/lol/embarrassing-google-searches-by-state/) from the original on September 9, 2015 , retrieved February 19, 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELangley201230_21-0) Langley 2012 (#CITEREFLangley2012) , p. 30. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReay200546_22-0) Reay 2005 (#CITEREFReay2005) , p. 46 "As a scientist, one of the 'perks' of the job is going to international conferences. These are usually dominated by people with a penchant for wearing socks with sandals..." ^ (#cite_ref-23) Alexander Sliwinski (May 13, 2009), "New Avatar shoes available, fear the socks and sandals option" (https://www.engadget.com/2009/05/13/new-avatar-shoes-available-socks-and-sandals-option/) , Engadget (/wiki/Engadget) , archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170825060702/https://www.engadget.com/2009/05/13/new-avatar-shoes-available-socks-and-sandals-option/) from the original on August 25, 2017 , retrieved September 12, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-24) Alexander, Hilary (10 April 2010). "Socks with sandals are on trend for spring/summer 2010" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101208072628/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG7543649/Socks-with-sandals-are-on-trend-for-springsummer-2010.html) . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG7543649/Socks-with-sandals-are-on-trend-for-springsummer-2010.html) on 8 December 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Magsaysay, Melissa (2014-04-05). "Wearing socks with sandals is suddenly fashionable" (http://articles.latimes.com/2014/apr/05/image/la-ig-socks-20140406) . Los Angeles Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0458-3035 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150919081222/http://articles.latimes.com/2014/apr/05/image/la-ig-socks-20140406) from the original on 2015-09-19 . Retrieved 2019-01-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Persad, Michelle (2015-05-13). "Why It's Not A Bad Idea To Wear Socks With Your Sandals" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/socks-and-sandals_n_7267930) . HuffPost . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190108201113/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/socks-and-sandals_n_7267930) from the original on 2019-01-08 . Retrieved 2019-01-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Cheng, Andrea. "From Taboo to Trend: Sock-and-Sandal Pairings Are Really Happening" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181024152918/https://www.instyle.com/fashion/trend-try-sock-and-sandal-pairings) . InStyle . Archived from the original (https://www.instyle.com/fashion/trend-try-sock-and-sandal-pairings) on 2018-10-24 . Retrieved 2019-01-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Kim, Olivia. "What's Up, Olivia: Socks & Sandals" (http://blogs.nordstrom.com/fashion/whats-up-olivia-socks-sandals/) . Nordstrom . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151005115238/http://blogs.nordstrom.com/fashion/whats-up-olivia-socks-sandals/) from the original on 2015-10-05 . Retrieved 2019-01-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Stein, Sadie (17 May 2010). "Socks And Sandals: A Meditation" (https://jezebel.com/5540978/socks-and-sandals-a-meditation) . Jezebel . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160608091927/http://jezebel.com/5540978/socks-and-sandals-a-meditation) from the original on 2016-06-08 . Retrieved 2019-01-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Woo, Stu; Smith, Ray A. (2015-09-15). "I'll Be Darned, Wearing Socks With Sandals Is Fashionable" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/ill-be-darned-wearing-socks-with-sandals-is-fashionable-1442322000) . The Wall Street Journal . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190111213152/https://www.wsj.com/articles/ill-be-darned-wearing-socks-with-sandals-is-fashionable-1442322000) from the original on 2019-01-11 . Retrieved 2019-01-08 . Book sources [ edit ] Acton, Johnny; Adams, Tania; Packer, Matt (2006), The Origin of Everyday Things , New York: Sterling, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4027-4302-3 Belter, Joshua (2012), The Book of Rules: The Right Way to Do Everything , HOW Books, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781440310317 Bhatia, Saurabh (2008), Indian Corporate Etiquette , Saurabh Bhatia, p. 29, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788190696401 Butera, Federico M. (1999), "Principles of thermal comfort", in M. Sala; C. Gallo; A. A. M. Sayigh (eds.), Architecture – Comfort and Energy , Elsevier, pp. 39–66, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0080560601 Chickowski, E. (2012), Moon Washington , Moon Handbooks (/wiki/Moon_Handbooks) , Avalon Travel Publishing, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61238-261-6 , retrieved 2015-10-05 [ permanent dead link ] Haupt, L.L. (2009), Crow Planet: Essential Wisdom from the Urban Wilderness , Little, Brown, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-316-05339-6 , retrieved 2015-10-05 Langley, Alex (2012), The Geek Handbook , Krause Publications, p. 30, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1440232923 [ permanent dead link ] Parsons, K. (2010), "Thermal comfort in buildings", in Hall, Matthew R (ed.), Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings , Elsevier, pp. 127–147, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1845699277 Reay, Dave (2005), Climate Change Begins at Home: Life on the Two-Way Street of Global Warming , Macmillan, p. 46, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0230579701 External links [ edit ] Media related to Socks in sandals (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Socks_in_sandals) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐czd2v Cached time: 20240719052927 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.371 seconds Real time usage: 0.476 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2480/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 66261/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2945/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 108070/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.243/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6605287/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 426.439 1 -total 41.34% 176.300 1 Template:Reflist 27.66% 117.934 13 Template:Cite_web 16.50% 70.373 1 Template:Short_description 12.97% 55.296 14 Template:Citation 11.27% 48.044 9 Template:Sfn 9.60% 40.939 1 Template:Commons_category-inline 9.19% 39.210 1 Template:Sister-inline 8.90% 37.935 2 Template:Pagetype 6.26% 26.697 2 Template:Dead_link Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40128687-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719052927 and revision id 1234796940. 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Anna Maria Thalén (1781-1851) was a Swedish fashion (/wiki/Fashion) trader. She belonged to the leading in her profession in early 19th-century Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) and are mentioned in contemporary memoirs (/wiki/Memoir) and diary (/wiki/Diary) literature. Anna Maria Thalén was married to the candle (/wiki/Candle) manufacturer Vilhelm Casper Thalén. She is referred to as "Fashion maker or Fashion trader", milliner and trader of accessories. [1] (#cite_note-1) Officially, she sold accessories and a number of fashion items such as shawls (/wiki/Shawl) and feathers (/wiki/Feather) , repaired, remade and washed such items, and provided her clients with the names of seamstresses (/wiki/Seamstress) and other fashion workers with whom she worked. This profession was a result of the fact that seamstresses worked in a grey zone prior to the abolition of the guilds in 1846 (/wiki/Fabriks_och_Handtwerksordning) and formally only allowed to repair and remake old clothes so as not to intrude upon the taylors' guild (/wiki/Guild) privilege, while in practice, they were both tolerated by the authorities and favored by the clients. In the 1820s, Thalén reportedly managed one of the leading fashion companies in the capital of Stockholm. [2] (#cite_note-2) At that time, Märta Helena Reenstierna (/wiki/M%C3%A4rta_Helena_Reenstierna) belonged to her clients and mentioned the high prices she demanded in her diary. See also [ edit ] Barbara Pauli (/wiki/Barbara_Pauli) Carolina Lindström (/wiki/Carolina_Lindstr%C3%B6m) References [ edit ] Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år , 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-1) Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år , 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år , 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐9wfg4 Cached time: 20240714165521 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.009 seconds Real time usage: 0.014 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 43/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 709/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57527457-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714165521 and revision id 1161962334. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Thalén&oldid=1161962334 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anna_Maria_Thalén&oldid=1161962334) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 19th-century Swedish businesswomen (/wiki/Category:19th-century_Swedish_businesswomen) 19th-century Swedish businesspeople (/wiki/Category:19th-century_Swedish_businesspeople) Swedish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Swedish_businesspeople_in_fashion) 1781 births (/wiki/Category:1781_births) 1851 deaths (/wiki/Category:1851_deaths) Swedish milliners (/wiki/Category:Swedish_milliners) |
Perfumes from fashion houses NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5fd5d84b48‐mh778 Cached time: 20240717082741 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65955968-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717082741 and revision id 991064529. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. C Chanel perfumes (/wiki/Category:Chanel_perfumes) (10 P) D Dior perfumes (/wiki/Category:Dior_perfumes) (8 P) Pages in category "Designer perfumes" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A L'Air du Temps (perfume) (/wiki/L%27Air_du_Temps_(perfume)) Amarige (/wiki/Amarige) Angel (perfume) (/wiki/Angel_(perfume)) Antaeus (perfume) (/wiki/Antaeus_(perfume)) C CK One (/wiki/CK_One) F Fracas (perfume) (/wiki/Fracas_(perfume)) L Light Blue (fragrance) (/wiki/Light_Blue_(fragrance)) N Narciso Rodriguez for Her (/wiki/Narciso_Rodriguez_for_Her) Y Ysatis (perfume) (/wiki/Ysatis_(perfume)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Designer_perfumes&oldid=991064529 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Designer_perfumes&oldid=991064529) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Perfumes (/wiki/Category:Perfumes) |
Philippine cosmetics company Ever Bilena Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) Founded 1983 ; 41 years ago ( 1983 ) April 1, 1872 ; 152 years ago ( 1872-04-01 ) Founder Dioceldo Sy (/wiki/Dioceldo_Sy) Headquarters Caloocan (/wiki/Caloocan) , Metro Manila (/wiki/Metro_Manila) , Philippines Key people Dioceldo Sy (/wiki/Dioceldo_Sy) (CEO) Products Beauty products Number of employees 1,800 (2020 [1] (#cite_note-toshoulder-1) ) Website everbilena (http://everbilena.com.ph) .com (http://everbilena.com.ph) .ph (http://everbilena.com.ph) Ever Bilena, Inc. ( EB ) is a Philippine cosmetics company based in Caloocan (/wiki/Caloocan) , Metro Manila (/wiki/Metro_Manila) , Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) . [2] (#cite_note-about-2) History [ edit ] Ever Bilena started out as a local wholesaler (/wiki/Wholesaler) of Taiwan (/wiki/Taiwan) -made nail polish (/wiki/Nail_polish) in the Philippines in 1983. The business initial team had only five people and started with a ₱150,000 capital. [3] (#cite_note-3) The cosmetics company, was established by businessman Dioceldo Sy (/wiki/Dioceldo_Sy) who previously worked for his grandfather's company which sold pomade (/wiki/Pomade) . Sy later ventured on a business of his own after his grandfather's business folded. [4] (#cite_note-beautybusiness-4) Its early years, coincided with an economic and political crisis which occurred during the last years of President Ferdinand Marcos (/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos) ' administration. It failed to get its nail polish product approved for department store consignment (/wiki/Consignment_store_(East_Asia)) due to unproven reputation of the brand at the time and distributed its products to vendors in Divisoria (/wiki/Divisoria) , Hortaleza, and other smaller retailers. [4] (#cite_note-beautybusiness-4) [5] (#cite_note-forbiz-5) Ever Bilena experienced growth, posting an expansion of the business by 200 percent in 1985. Its products were eventually made available in major department stores in the Philippines, and Ever Bilena expanded operations in other parts of the country including Visayas and Mindanao. [5] (#cite_note-forbiz-5) The company had its own manufacturing plant which was closed in 2004. The following year it released its first product for the body care segment and skin care line. [6] (#cite_note-eyes1b-6) In mid-2007, Ever Bilena began getting involved in direct selling (/wiki/Direct_selling) , at the time, Avon Philippines (/wiki/Avon_Products) and Fullerlife Direct Selling (now known as Tupperware Brands Philippines (/wiki/Tupperware_Brands) ) were among the major players in the direct selling cosmetics industry. In early 2008, it established direct selling operations in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Macau (/wiki/Macau) , and Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) . [6] (#cite_note-eyes1b-6) Other involvement [ edit ] Ever Bilena is the official sponsor of the Binibining Pilipinas (/wiki/Binibining_Pilipinas) , Miss Philippines Earth (/wiki/Miss_Philippines_Earth) , and Miss Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth) pageants.It is also the owner of a team in the Philippine Basketball Association (/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_Association) , which currently plays as the Blackwater Bossing (/wiki/Blackwater_Bossing) . [7] (#cite_note-7) It acquired the PBA franchise in 2014. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-toshoulder_1-0) "Ever Bilena owner to shoulder salaries of over 1,800 employees amid quarantine" (https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/733570/ever-bilena-to-shoulder-salary-of-over-1-800-employees-amid-quarantine/story/) . GMA News . April 11, 2020 . Retrieved September 28, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-about_2-0) "About" (http://everbilena.com.ph/about/) . Ever Bilena . Retrieved 28 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "From a small company into an empire, Ever Bilena rises as market leader in affordable quality cosmetics" (https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/12/19/from-a-small-company-into-an-empire-ever-bilena-rises-as-market-leader-in-affordable-quality-cosmetics/) . BusinessMirror . December 19, 2018 . Retrieved September 28, 2020 . ^ a b Dacumos-Lagorza, Kristel (September 7, 2017). "The business of beauty" (https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/09/07/boardroomwatch/the-business-of-beauty/349209/) . The Manila Times . Retrieved September 28, 2020 . ^ a b "Ever Bilena Cosmetics, Inc. An unconventional path to success" (https://biz.meralco.com.ph/about-meralco-biz-partners/success-stories/past-issues/ever-bilena-cosmetics-inc-unconventional-path-success) . For Biz Partners . Meralco . Retrieved September 28, 2020 . ^ a b "Cosmetic company eyes P1B in sales next year" (https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/08/10/08/cosmetic-company-eyes-p1b-sales-next-year) . ABS-CBN News . BusinessWorld. August 11, 2008 . Retrieved September 28, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) From the wires (September 18, 2020). "Blackwater Bossing unveil new logo ahead of PBA bubble" (https://www.spin.ph/life/active-lifestyle/blackwater-bossing-new-logo-a1373-20200918) . Sports Interactive Network Philippines . Retrieved September 28, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "PBA approves entry of new teams NLEX, Kia, Blackwater for next season" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141006204811/http://www.interaksyon.com/interaktv/pba-approves-entry-of-new-teams-nlex-kia-blackwater-for-next-season) . InterAksyon.com . Archived from the original (http://www.interaksyon.com/interaktv/pba-approves-entry-of-new-teams-nlex-kia-blackwater-for-next-season) on October 6, 2014 . Retrieved December 16, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.everbilena.com.ph) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5fd5d84b48‐zrrlr Cached time: 20240717083401 Cache expiry: 1265160 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.265 seconds Real time usage: 0.355 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1936/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 25441/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1967/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32384/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.158/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4924234/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 326.161 1 -total 39.14% 127.663 1 Template:Reflist 36.66% 119.567 1 Template:Infobox_company 33.31% 108.639 1 Template:Infobox 31.58% 103.016 6 Template:Cite_news 20.18% 65.833 1 Template:Short_description 12.57% 41.003 2 Template:Pagetype 6.92% 22.567 2 Template:Start_date_and_age 4.55% 14.841 8 Template:Main_other 3.67% 11.978 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65443415-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717083401 and revision id 1235016030. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐47c7k Cached time: 20240720154235 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68673449-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720154235 and revision id 1043064383. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Philippine footwear" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Abaca slippers (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) B Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) G Giant shoes of Marikina (/wiki/Giant_shoes_of_Marikina) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Philippine_footwear&oldid=1043064383 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Philippine_footwear&oldid=1043064383) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Footwear by country (/wiki/Category:Footwear_by_country) Philippine clothing (/wiki/Category:Philippine_clothing) |
French-Canadian costume designer (born 1965) Liz Vandal is a French-Canadian (/wiki/French-Canadian) costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) known for designing the costumes for the Cirque du Soleil (/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil) show Ovo (/wiki/Ovo_(Cirque_du_Soleil)) . Her style, which is inspired by futuristic super heroes, insects, and medieval armor, [1] (#cite_note-cirque-1) was helpful in creating the costumes for Ovo , a show that brings different insects to life. Vandal was born in Montreal, Canada in 1965. Life and career [ edit ] As a child, Vandal wanted to be a dancer, and in college she majored in computer science, but came back to fashion after "gaining some logic". She has a son named Leonard. Cirque du Soleil contacted Vandal twice before Ovo to design their costumes, but both times fell through. [2] (#cite_note-evoking-2) She began her career as a fashion designer in 1988. She has designed costumes for several companies and organizations such as the National Ballet of Canada (/wiki/National_Ballet_of_Canada) , the Backstreet Boys (/wiki/Backstreet_Boys) , and The Washington Ballet (/wiki/The_Washington_Ballet) . In 1990, she began her long career of designing costumes for Édouard Lock, founder of the Montreal dance company La La La Human Steps (/wiki/La_La_La_Human_Steps) . She designed for shows such as Infante c'est destroy (1991), 2 (1995), and Exaucé/Salt (1999). She also designed costumes for Lock’s Amelia (2002), André Auria (2002) and Opéra de Paris and Amjad (2007). In 1992, at age 27, she founded Vandal Costumes with partner Yveline Bonjean, where they create costumes in the fields of fashion, theatre, opera, music and film, specializing in dance. The Backstreet Boys hired her in 2000 to design the costumes for their Black & Blue tour. In 2002 she designed costumes for the films The Lathe of Heaven directed by director Philip Haas (/wiki/Philip_Haas) and La Turbulence des Fluides by director Manon Briand. In 1997, Vandal and Bonjean of Vandal Costumes were nominated for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) at the 18th Genie Awards (/wiki/18th_Genie_Awards) for Night of the Flood (/wiki/Night_of_the_Flood) , a 1996 Canadian film by director Bernar Hebert. [1] (#cite_note-cirque-1) Cirque du Soleil [ edit ] Ovo (/wiki/Ovo_(Cirque_du_Soleil)) is the first Cirque du Soleil show that Vandal has designed for. In an interview about her childhood fascination with insects, Vandal said: "Insects were here before we (humans) were here, and they will probably be here after we are gone, and we would die without them." [3] (#cite_note-fashion-3) Cirque du Soleil director Deborah Colker (/wiki/Deborah_Colker) told Vandal that she wanted an evocation of the insects, not an imitation. [2] (#cite_note-evoking-2) Inspiration for the outfits came from French fashion designer Pierre Cardin’s (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) graphic lines and geometric shapes, Renaissance garments' slashed sleeves, and the pleating techniques of Japanese fashion designer Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) . [4] (#cite_note-4) From early 2008 to the spring of 2009, Vandal and the Cirque du Soleil team created 17 different insect costumes including a spider, a mosquito, a firefly, an ant, a butterfly, and a cockroach. [3] (#cite_note-fashion-3) The initial cricket costumes each took 75 hours to make. The first insect costume Vandal envisioned was the spider, for which she drew a real spider and turned it into a woman's body. Vandal used the Cirque du Soleil laboratory to develop her own fabrics and textile for the costumes to be sure that they were elastic enough for a great deal of movement. [5] (#cite_note-5) It was important to create the insect costumes in sections with stretchy material, allowing the performers to move easily. At first, Vandal considered using biodegradable (/wiki/Biodegradable) materials for the Ovo costumes. But eventually she opted for the usual polyester (/wiki/Polyester) and Lycra (/wiki/Lycra) because their longevity made them more 'green' in the long run. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Creators: Liz Vandal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110310080656/http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ovo/show/creators/liz-vandal.aspx) . Cirque du Soleil. Archived from the original (http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ovo/show/creators/liz-vandal.aspx) on 2011-03-10 . Retrieved 2011-03-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jones, Chad. "Evoking an Insect" (http://www.theatrebayarea.org/mag/article.jsp;jsessionid=425AD979147BDE29E107F903FAFEF63E?thispage=archives.jsp&id=535&hi=1) . Theatre Bay Area. ^ Jump up to: a b Green, Stephanie. "Fashion Designer Brings "Bug Show" to Life" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110711003743/http://fashion.firstblogfirst.com/2010/11/04/fashion-designer-brings-bug-show-to-life/) . Fashion Blog: Everything about Fashion. Archived from the original (http://fashion.firstblogfirst.com/2010/11/04/fashion-designer-brings-bug-show-to-life/) on 11 July 2011 . Retrieved 4 November 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Zinko, Carolyne (6 December 2009). "The Buzz" (http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-12-06/living/17182892_1_pierre-cardin-costume-designer-new-show) . SFGate . Retrieved 6 December 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Michaud, Debbie. "A few questions with Cirque du Soleil costume designer Liz Vandal" (https://creativeloafing.com/content-204512-a-few-questions-with-cirque-du-soleil-costume-designer-liz) . Creative Loafing . Retrieved 3 November 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Donnelly, Pat. "OVO: Green eggs, no ham" (https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/Green+eggs/1507405/story.html) . The Gazette . Retrieved 20 April 2009 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liz_Vandal&oldid=1230245908 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liz_Vandal&oldid=1230245908) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1965 births (/wiki/Category:1965_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Canadian costume designers (/wiki/Category:Canadian_costume_designers) Canadian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Canadian_fashion_designers) Canadian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Canadian_women_fashion_designers) People from Montreal (/wiki/Category:People_from_Montreal) Canadian women costume designers (/wiki/Category:Canadian_women_costume_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) |
Traditional rural attire in the UK Man in full matching tweeds (/wiki/Tweed) British country clothing or English country clothing is the traditional attire (/wiki/Folk_costume) worn by men and women in rural Britain; it is the choice of clothing when taking part in outdoor sports such as equestrian (/wiki/Equestrianism) pursuits, shooting (/wiki/Shooting) or fishing (/wiki/Fishing) and during general outdoor activity, such as walking (/wiki/Hiking) , picnicking (/wiki/Picnic) , or gardening (/wiki/Gardening) . It is also worn at events such as horse races, country weddings, beer festivals and country fairs. The form of dress although worn throughout Britain is mostly associated with England (/wiki/England) and is sometimes considered a historical form of dress or national costume, often worn to represent the English (/wiki/English_people) gentleman and lady. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is still considered countryside leisure wear and due to the durable, practical, comfortable and fashionable style, some people choose to use elements of country clothing for general usage in Britain. History [ edit ] During the 19th and early 20th centuries, what is regarded as traditional country clothing was a popular choice for wealthy people living in the British countryside as well as those who travelled there for leisure. Members of the British upper classes would go to the countryside for sporting events organised by the owners of English country houses (/wiki/English_country_house) if they did not own a country house themselves, and therefore they required practical and durable clothing. [2] (#cite_note-2) Today many of the original tailors who produced some of the first country-style clothing still exist, and some have been granted a royal warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Where it was once basic and usually just worn in the country, the popularity of the style has led to productions on the high street, as well as variations in the colours used as opposed to just natural. Many elements of British country clothing have even been used by designers to develop styles which are suitable for everyday wear; today people also choose to use elements of country clothing mixed with modern designs, such as a tweed jacket with denim trousers. It has also been influential in the development of preppy (/wiki/Preppy) and Ivy League (/wiki/Ivy_League) styles of dress in the United States and Canada. Country attire [ edit ] Headwear [ edit ] The flat cap (/wiki/Flat_cap) , Irish walking hat (/wiki/Irish_walking_hat) , deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) and trilby hat (/wiki/Trilby_hat) [5] (#cite_note-5) are some traditional forms of headwear used in the country. The flat cap is often made of tweed or cotton, whilst a trilby is traditionally made from felt material. A feather pinned to the side of a trilby is a traditional accessory for both men and women, and can also optionally be attached to a jacket lapel. Flat cap (/wiki/Flat_cap) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Trilby hat (/wiki/Trilby_hat) Footwear [ edit ] Footwear usually depends on the activity in which the wearer is taking part, the weather and conditions underfoot, and the social circumstances. Some of the most common forms of footwear are natural rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boots) and leather country boots which protect the wearer from mud and water on the ground. When wearing a tweed suit, leather brogues (/wiki/Brogues) are usually a choice of footwear; however, this also depends on the activity or event. Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boots) Brogue shoe (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Jackets and coats [ edit ] A men's green waxed jacket with brown corduroy collar. English country jackets usually include waxed (/wiki/Waxed_jacket) and quilted (/wiki/Quilt) jackets. The traditional style is dark olive green with a brown corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) collar which is based on the original colour palette used when they were first produced, which also included navy as opposed to dark olive green. A gilet (/wiki/Gilet) is also a popular style of country jacket. [6] (#cite_note-6) Tweed jackets and coats are also worn to protect against weather due to the durability of the material. Fleece (/wiki/Fleece_jacket) jackets and gilets have also become part of country attire in Britain. Tweed suits and sports jackets [ edit ] The material tweed (/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)) has long been associated with the British countryside; when Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) purchased the Balmoral estate (/wiki/Balmoral_estate) he designed the Balmoral tweed (/wiki/Balmoral_tweed) long before he laid the first bricks of Balmoral Castle. Tweed uses natural colours to blend into the natural environment; Prince Albert designed the Balmoral Tweed to resemble the granite mountains of Aberdeenshire for stalking. [7] (#cite_note-7) Original country styles include a Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) and tweed breeks (/wiki/Breeks) . Tweed suits, normally consisting of a jacket, waistcoat and trousers (or skirt) have been an icon of the English country gentleman and lady since the 1840s when Catherine, Lady Dunmore (/wiki/Catherine_Murray,_Countess_of_Dunmore) began to provide for the British aristocracy and landed gentry; it soon proved popular as it provided a practical but also smart-casual style. [8] (#cite_note-8) Today tweed suits remain popular, with some choosing the style for business as well as pleasure. However, people very rarely wear the full three piece when outdoors, usually only at events; the suit is traditionally worn with a Tattersall (/wiki/Tattersall_(cloth)) or Gingham (/wiki/Gingham) shirt and optionally a tie or neck scarf for women. Some also choose to wear a knitwear sweater or jumper for warmth and to remain casual. Tattersall shirts, along with gingham (/wiki/Gingham) , are often worn in country attire. Tweed fabric in a herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) weave, used for suits and hats Popularity [ edit ] The popularity of country clothing surges periodically as a result of television period dramas such as Downton Abbey (/wiki/Downton_Abbey) [ citation needed ] and the earlier All Creatures Great and Small (/wiki/All_Creatures_Great_and_Small_(1978_TV_series)) , plus frequent photography releases of celebrities featured wearing the country style. [9] (#cite_note-9) This has included members of the British royal family, such as King Charles III (/wiki/Charles_III) , who wear traditional British country clothing when attending racing events and when at royal estates such as Balmoral (/wiki/Balmoral_Castle) and Highgrove (/wiki/Highgrove_House) . The boost in popularity has led to modernised variations of country clothing being produced to attract younger consumers; such designs, such as those by Dolce & Gabbana, have even taken inspiration from Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Other designers, such as Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , have stated their love for country clothing and have based some of their designs on the style. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2006, retailers in New York reported a boom in demand for the waxed country jacket featured by Dame Helen Mirren (/wiki/Dame_Helen_Mirren) in her portrayal of Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) in The Queen (/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)) (2006). [12] (#cite_note-12) In popular culture [ edit ] English country clothing has featured in many media works, usually when scenes are filmed in the countryside or in an English garden (/wiki/English_garden) . Film [ edit ] The Queen (/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)) (2006) What a Girl Wants (/wiki/What_a_Girl_Wants_(film)) (2003) Literature [ edit ] Elly Griffiths (/wiki/Elly_Griffiths) ' Ruth Galloway series, especially The Ghost Fields (/wiki/Elly_Griffiths#Ruth_Galloway_series) (2014) [13] (#cite_note-13) Television [ edit ] Countryfile (/wiki/Countryfile) Spring, Autumn and Winterwatch (/wiki/Springwatch) Downton Abbey (/wiki/Downton_Abbey) Last of the Summer Wine (/wiki/Last_of_the_Summer_Wine) The Vicar of Dibley (/wiki/The_Vicar_of_Dibley) To The Manor Born (/wiki/To_The_Manor_Born) The Crown (/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)) All Creatures Great and Small (/wiki/All_Creatures_Great_and_Small_(franchise)) See also [ edit ] Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) - Worn in Bavaria (/wiki/Bavaria) , Austria (/wiki/Austria) and South Tyrol (/wiki/South_Tyrol) Teba jacket (/wiki/Teba_jacket) - Worn in Great Britain (/wiki/Great_Britain) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) , France (/wiki/France) and Austria (/wiki/Austria) Sloane Ranger (/wiki/Sloane_Ranger) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "When style becomes costume" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190404003422/http://www.asuitthatfits.com/offthecuff/when-style-becomes-costume/) . A Suit That Fits . Archived from the original (http://www.asuitthatfits.com/offthecuff/when-style-becomes-costume/) on 2019-04-04 . Retrieved 2015-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Barbour" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180901160345/https://www.barbour.com/barbour-history) . Barbour.com . Archived from the original (https://www.barbour.com/barbour-history) on 1 September 2018 . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The History of Cordings - The Legendary British Heritage Brand" (https://www.cordings.co.uk/heritage-timeline) . J C Cordings and Co Ltd . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "J. Barbour & Sons Ltd - Royal Warrant Holders Association" (https://www.royalwarrant.org/company/j-barbour-sons-ltd) . Royalwarrant.org . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Hat Styles & History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094329/http://www.ascot-tophats.co.uk/hat-styles-and-history) . Archived from the original (http://www.ascot-tophats.co.uk/hat-styles-and-history) on 2015-05-18 . Retrieved 2015-05-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Quilted Jackets Guide - How to Buy, History & Details — Gentleman's Gazette" (http://www.gentlemansgazette.com/quilted-jackets-guide-buy-history/) . gentlemansgazette.com . 25 November 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Tweed Guide - The Curiously Compelling Story of Tweed — Gentleman's Gazette" (http://www.gentlemansgazette.com/tweed-guide-harris-history-styles-patterns/) . gentlemansgazette.com . 7 December 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "A brief history of the Harris Tweed men's jacket" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170130071130/http://www.harristweedscotland.com/our-heritage/) . harristweedscotland.com . Archived from the original (http://www.harristweedscotland.com/our-heritage/) on 2017-01-30 . Retrieved 2015-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Music blog - Music - The Guardian" (https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2008/feb/18/week) . theguardian.com . ^ (#cite_ref-10) POPSUGAR Fashion UK (19 February 2008). "D&G collection is inspired by HRH Queen Elizabeth II" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210617085636/https://www.popsugar.co.uk/fashion/DG-collection-inspired-HRH-Queen-Elizabeth-II-1053696) . POPSUGAR Fashion UK . Archived from the original (http://www.popsugar.co.uk/fashion/DG-collection-inspired-HRH-Queen-Elizabeth-II-1053696) on 17 June 2021 . Retrieved 22 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "New York Fashion Week: Ralph Lauren autumn/winter 2012" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150223013451/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9087095/New-York-Fashion-Week-Ralph-Lauren-autumnwinter-2012.html) . telegraph.co.uk . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG9087095/New-York-Fashion-Week-Ralph-Lauren-autumnwinter-2012.html) on 2015-02-23 . Retrieved 2015-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Catherine Elsworth in New York (21 October 2006). "New Yorkers fall for Queen Helen and her Barbour" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1532029/New-Yorkers-fall-for-Queen-Helen-and-her-Barbour.html) . Telegraph.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-13) The Ghost Fields (Ruth Galloway, #7) . Quercus Publishing (/wiki/Quercus_Publishing) . 2014. 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Myriam Chalek Occupation Fashion Designer Organization(s) Creative Business House, Donnons Leur Une Chance & American Wardrobe Known for International Dwarf Fashion Show (/wiki/International_Dwarf_Fashion_Show) Myriam Chalek is a French fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) , entrepreneur, and diversity and inclusion advocate. She is known for putting on alternative fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) meant to challenge the idea of beauty and empower people living with disabilities (/wiki/Disability) . Early life and education [ edit ] Chalek was born in France (/wiki/France) and raised in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , in the suburbs of Seine-Saint-Denis (/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis) . After secondary school, she enrolled at Paris V Descartes Law School (/wiki/Paris_Descartes_University) , where she participated in a student exchange program with the University of Laval (/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval) . She then returned to France (/wiki/France) and graduated with a master's degree in international business law from the University of Paris (/wiki/University_of_Paris) . [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] After graduating with her Masters of Law (/wiki/Master_of_Laws) , Chalek worked for a number of organizations before ultimately deciding to become an entrepreneur. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Chalek traveled to New York (/wiki/New_York_City) on an F1 (/wiki/F1_Visa) student visa and was offered a full-time position by the director of the school as a business professor. Through her work at the business institute and New York's fashion industry, she met various designers and learned about the product marketing process that designers work through. Chalek saw an opportunity to guide young designers in the process of product marketing and development combined with intellectual property law which led to the start of her first company, Creative Business House. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) As her business grew, Chalek found that various event organizations were lacking in skills to support her clients, so she created an event company, White Tie Affairs, to work with Creative Business House clients. Soon after, the philanthropic organization (/wiki/Philanthropy) Association Let's Give a Chance, offered her the position of vice president, which she accepted making her one of its main benefactor partners. A year later, as part of this partnership, she launched "a physical annex in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) under the name Do Not Be Cheap." [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In April, 2018, Chalek traveled to Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia) with the non-profit organization "Donnons Leur Une Chance" to distribute tools, sewing machines, and 1000 chickens to families living in poverty. [2] (#cite_note-2) International Dwarf Fashion Show [ edit ] While shopping for clothes, Chalek encountered a woman with dwarfism struggling to find clothing in the children's section. Chalek realized that people living with dwarfism, through no fault of their own, struggled to obtain clothing that fit often needing to go to a tailor to have apparel custom-made; shop in the children's department of stores, make their own clothes, or alter oversized clothing. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Chalek decided to leverage her years working in the fashion industry to challenge the discrimination and idea of beauty and what it means to be beautiful. Utilizing her network within the fashion industry and driven by her need of philanthropy, Chalek created The National Dwarf Fashion Show. In September 2014 The National Dwarf Fashion Show (/wiki/International_Dwarf_Fashion_Show) had its debut performance at the Pavillon Gabriel as part of Paris's annual Fashion week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . The event put the spotlight on dwarfism and brought attention to the existing discriminations within the fashion industry. The event received press coverage and appealed to the Lifetime network (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) which subsequently produced the reality show Little Women New York (/wiki/Little_Women:_NY) . A collaboration with Chalek ensued and resulted in a New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) show featuring Jordanna James of Little Women New York. (/wiki/Little_Women:_NY) [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2015, Berlin based fashion designer Sema Gedik learned about Chalek's alternative fashion shows that were parts of Fashion Week in major cities like Tokyo ( Paris (/wiki/Paris) and New York (/wiki/New_York_City) ). Inspired by the concept, Gedik held a small fashion show as a tribute to her cousin who was also living with dwarfism. [5] (#cite_note-5) Also in 2015, the first international dwarf fashion show debuted in Paris (/wiki/Paris) at its Fashion Week, leading to an invitation to the French Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(France)) [6] (#cite_note-6) which hoped to support and promote alternative standards of beauty in an industry where the values of tall and thin are the norm. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Since its inception. The International Dwarf Fashion Show has taken part in fashion weeks in major cities including Tokyo [9] (#cite_note-9) and Dubai. [10] (#cite_note-10) Blind Fashion Show [ edit ] Following the success of the Dwarf Fashion Shows (/wiki/International_Dwarf_Fashion_Show) , Chalek, wanting to continue to orchestrate and plan activist fashion shows to raise awareness and empower other marginalized groups. In February 2016, Chalek closed New York Fashion Week with a show highlighting the visually impaired community with the first-ever fashion show consisting of all blind models. Although Chalek encountered some controversy as one of the criteria for models to apply was to walk without their guide dogs or canes, the visually impaired community was positively receptive to the show. [11] (#cite_note-11) After the success of the New York's Fashion week show, Chalek hosted a second blind fashion Show at the Pavillon Vendome as part of Paris's 2016 Fashion Week. The Show featured blind and visually impaired models [12] (#cite_note-12) Among them was 2012 Mrs. America (/wiki/Mrs._America_(contest)) and Mrs. World pageant winner, April Lufriu who walked the runway with her daughter Savannah both who currently live with Retinitis Pigmentosa (/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-:2-14) #MeToo Movement [ edit ] Continuing her fashion world activism, Chalek sought to raise awareness of sexual abuse, combining her efforts with the MeToo movement. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) On February 9, 2018 [14] (#cite_note-:2-14) the #MeToo (/wiki/Me_Too_movement) Fashion Show took place at The Green Room 42, in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) . Chalek used her own American Wardrobe label as a platform to benefit women. Eight models each survivors of rape (/wiki/Rape) , sexual harassment (/wiki/Sexual_harassment) , child sexual abuse (/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse) , groping (/wiki/Groping) and incest (/wiki/Incest) walked the runway wearing garments that represented their abuse. [17] (#cite_note-17) Each of the survivors walked accompanied by a male model wearing a pig mask which was an oblique reference to the #MeToo (/wiki/Me_Too_movement) movement in France translated as #exposeyourpig. The male models were handcuffed to a chair as victims shared with the audience their experience as a victim of assault or/and sexual misconduct in “vivid and disturbing detail”. [18] (#cite_note-18) Among the survivors participating in this fashion show was Alicia Kozakiewiecz (/wiki/Alicia_Kozakiewicz) , a young woman who was abducted in 2002 near her Pittsburgh (/wiki/Pittsburgh) home. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "La success story de Myriam Chalek - Dziriya.net" (http://dziriya.net/la-success-story-de-myriam-chalek/) . dziriya.net (in French) . Retrieved 2017-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Myriam Chalek's Donation Spree in Cambodia" (https://www.celebritykind.com/i-n/myriam-chalek-i-n/myriam-chaleks-donation-spree-cambodia/) . CelebrityKind . 2018-04-19 . Retrieved 2019-01-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_3-0) "The Dwarf Fashion Show Debuts in New York City" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151126052848/http://www.glammonitor.com/2015/dwarf-fashion-show-debut-2580/) . Glammonitor . 2015-02-13. Archived from the original (http://www.glammonitor.com/2015/dwarf-fashion-show-debut-2580/) on 2015-11-26 . Retrieved 2017-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) territory, West - welfare, society and. "Paris fashion week to feature dwarf models" (http://www.west-info.eu/paris-fashion-week-to-feature-dwarf-models/) . West . Retrieved 2017-08-22 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Auf Augenhöhe - eine Kollektion für Kleinwüchsige Menschen von Sema Gedik - Mode, Shopping, Designer, Trends - Fashionstreet-Berlin" (http://www.fashionstreet-berlin.de/auf-augenhoehe-eine-kollektion-fuer-kleinwuechsige-menschen-von-sema-gedik/108302/) . www.fashionstreet-berlin.de (in German). 21 July 2015 . Retrieved 2017-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Watching Audience Members and Journalists Embarrass Themselves at a Dwarf Fashion Show in Paris" (https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/xd7mxd/paris-fashion-week-dwarfism-876) . Vice . Retrieved 2017-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "French Ministry hosts dwarf fashion show" (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/10/03/french-ministry-hosts-dwarf-fashion-show.html) . Fox News . 2015-10-03 . Retrieved 2017-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Runway Show Highlights Alternative Beauty Standards" (http://www.nbcbayarea.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/France-Dwarf-Runway-Paris-Fashion-Week-Alternative-Beauty-Standards-332314862.html) . NBC Bay Area . Retrieved 2017-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "From envy to epiphany: Japanese woman with dwarfism follows fashion dreams" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/06/28/national/social-issues/envy-epiphany-japanese-woman-dwarfism-follows-fashion-dreams/) . The Japan Times Online . 2017-06-28. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0447-5763 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0447-5763) . Retrieved 2017-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "In pictures: International Dwarf Fashion show take place in Dubai" (http://www.arabianbusiness.com/photos/in-pictures-international-dwarf-fashion-show-take-place-in-dubai-674941.html) . ArabianBusiness.com . Retrieved 2017-09-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "New York Fashion Week shatters stereotypes" (https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc-quick-cuts/watch/new-york-fashion-week-shatters-stereotypes-635147843837) . NBC News . Retrieved 2018-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Watch: Blind and visually-impaired models take to the catwalk at Paris Fashion Week" (http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/fashion/85160650/watch-blind-and-visuallyimpared-models-take-to-the-catwalk-at-paris-fashion-week) . Stuff . 10 October 2016 . Retrieved 2017-09-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "NYFW comes to a close with first ever all blind model fashion show" (http://pix11.com/2016/02/19/nyfw-comes-to-a-close-with-first-ever-all-blind-model-fashion-show/) . WPIX 11 New York . 2016-02-19 . Retrieved 2018-02-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fashion Week Wraps the World!-" (https://thehollywoodtimes.net/2016/10/17/fashion-week-wraps-the-world/) . TheHollywoodTimes.net . 2016-10-17 . Retrieved 2018-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Shears, Sarah (2018-02-02). "The #MeToo Show Coming to New York Fashion Week" (https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-metoo-show-coming-to-new-york-fashion-week) . The Daily Beast . Retrieved 2018-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Beltran, Alex Brook Lynn|Max Toomey|Sarah Shears|Lizeth (2018-02-11). "Meet Myriam Chalek, the Woman Who Made a Fashion Show Out of #MeToo" (https://www.thedailybeast.com/meet-myriam-chalek-the-woman-who-made-a-fashion-show-out-of-metoo) . The Daily Beast . Retrieved 2018-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Shears, Sarah (2018-02-02). "The #MeToo Show Coming to New York Fashion Week" (https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-metoo-show-coming-to-new-york-fashion-week) . The Daily Beast . Retrieved 2018-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Models share harrowing stories of abuse at #MeToo NYFW show" (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/models-share-harrowing-stories-abuse-metoo-nyfw-show-article-1.3811300) . NY Daily News . Retrieved 2018-02-24 . 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Chain of department stores in Mexico A Parisina store in Coacalco (/wiki/Coacalco_de_Berrioz%C3%A1bal) , in the northern part of Greater Mexico City (/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City) La Parisina is a chain of department stores in Mexico operated by the company Grupo Parisina S.A de C.V. It sells mainly fabrics and millinery, home decor, embroidery, sewing machines, rugs and other goods. The group first began operations in 1933 [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) when Juan José Sierra opened his 220 m2 store in the Historic Center of Mexico City (/wiki/Historic_Center_of_Mexico_City) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The group currently operates more than 600 department stores and speciality shops across Mexico. From 1990 to 1999 the group also operated the "Almacenes García" chain which grew during that period from 18 to 42 stores. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) " (https://www.emis.com/php/company-profile/MX/Grupo_Parisina_SA_de_CV_en_2059883.html) "Grupo Parisina", Emerging Markets" (https://www.emis.com/php/company-profile/MX/Grupo_Parisina_SA_de_CV_en_2059883.html) . Retrieved 6 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Nuestra Compañía" (https://www.laparisina.mx/company) . www.laparisina.mx . Retrieved 6 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Grupo Parisina" (https://prezi.com/hptko0zrtev6/grupo-parisina/) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Arranque del centenario de distribución para almacenes (http://www.bib.uia.mx/tesis/pdf/014555/014555_05.pdf) uia.mx (in Spanish) v t e Department and discount stores in Mexico Department stores Cimaco (/wiki/Cimaco) Coppel (/wiki/Coppel) Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool_(department_store)) El Nuevo Mundo (/wiki/El_Nuevo_Mundo) El Palacio de Hierro (/wiki/El_Palacio_de_Hierro) Sears (/wiki/Sears_Mexico) Suburbia (/wiki/Suburbia_(department_store)) Discount stores Waldo's (/wiki/Waldo%27s) Woolworth (/wiki/Woolworth_Mexicana) Hypermarkets Alsúper (Plus) Bodega Aurrerá (/wiki/Bodega_Aurrer%C3%A1) Casa Ley (/wiki/Casa_Ley) Chedraui (/wiki/Chedraui) /Super Che laComer (/wiki/Comercial_City_Fresko) H-E-B/Mi Tienda del Ahorro (/wiki/H-E-B) Soriana (/wiki/Soriana) Híper/Híper Plus/Mega/Mercado Walmart (/wiki/Walmart_de_M%C3%A9xico_y_Centroam%C3%A9rica) Speciality Elektra (/wiki/Grupo_Elektra) La Parisina Defunct Dorian's (/wiki/Dorian%27s) Fábricas de Francia (/wiki/F%C3%A1bricas_de_Francia) París-Londres (/wiki/Par%C3%ADs-Londres) Salinas y Rocha (/wiki/Salinas_y_Rocha) Viana (/wiki/Viana_(department_store)) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Mexico portal (/wiki/Portal:Mexico) Category: Department stores of Mexico (/wiki/Category:Department_stores_of_Mexico) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐nfxtd Cached time: 20240720230004 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.236 seconds Real time usage: 0.324 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 422/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15218/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 550/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19498/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.168/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4246686/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 290.066 1 -total 38.59% 111.947 1 Template:Department_stores_in_Mexico 37.81% 109.674 1 Template:Navbox 37.25% 108.057 1 Template:Reflist 31.90% 92.521 3 Template:Cite_web 23.23% 67.388 1 Template:Short_description 14.47% 41.982 2 Template:Pagetype 5.67% 16.446 2 Template:Portal-inline 4.95% 14.352 3 Template:Main_other 4.34% 12.590 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70635056-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720230004 and revision id 1178848952. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Parisina&oldid=1178848952 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Parisina&oldid=1178848952) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Department stores of Mexico (/wiki/Category:Department_stores_of_Mexico) 1933 establishments in Mexico (/wiki/Category:1933_establishments_in_Mexico) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) |
Textile chain, South India This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( December 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Pothys Company type Silk Sarees Industry Textile Genre Wardrobe store Founded 1923 [1] (#cite_note-p_history-1) Founder K. V. Pothy Moopanar Headquarters Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Number of locations Tirunelveli, Srivilliputhur, Coimbatore, Salem, Chennai, Madurai, Nagercoil, Trivandrum, Puducherry, Portonovo, Trichy, Bengaluru, and Kochi Area served India Key people Pothy Ramesh Products Textiles Services Silk sarees Revenue 1.4million usd Owner Pothy Ramesh Website www (https://www.pothys.com/) .pothys (https://www.pothys.com/) .com (https://www.pothys.com/) Pothys is a chain of textile showrooms in South India. Originally they exclusively sold silk sarees, but today all types of garments are sold. The flagship store in Chennai (/wiki/Chennai) is called Pothys' Palace. History [ edit ] Pothys (stylised as POTHYS) was established in 1923 [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [1] (#cite_note-p_history-1) by K. V. Pothy Moopanar under the name Pothy Moopanar to sell cotton sarees and dhotis woven on his own loom. [5] (#cite_note-5) K.V. Pothy Moopanar born in Srivilliputhur belongs to a heritage family of Weavers. In 1977, his son K. V.P. Sadayandi Moopanar was able to establish the name and expand the outfit with a self-styled retail showroom at Srivilliputhur (/wiki/Srivilliputtur) , re-christened 'POTHYS'. Their next showroom was opened in 1986 in Tirunelveli (/wiki/Tirunelveli) . Pothy Moopanar's children and grandchildren run the business today. Hurun Report ranked Sadayandi Moopanar as the 260th richest Indian with ₹2,800 crore fortune in its 2017 list. Pothys in Madurai References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Pothys Kerala" (https://www.pothys.com/kerala/) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) 1923 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election (/wiki/1923_Madras_Presidency_Legislative_Council_election) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "History" (https://srivilliputur.wordpress.com/about/) . 18 April 2012 . Retrieved 15 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Designer Sarees" (https://www.pothys.com/shop-designer-sarees.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Tamil Nadu Government Portal" (http://www.tn.gov.in/department/10) . www.tn.gov.in . Retrieved 15 September 2015 . 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Italian fashion designer and businesswoman Wanda Miletti Ferragamo Born Wanda Miletti ( 1921-12-18 ) 18 December 1921 Bonito (/wiki/Bonito,_Campania) , Italy Died 18 October 2018 (2018-10-18) (aged 96) Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Nationality Italian Label Ferragamo (/wiki/Ferragamo) Spouse Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) ( m. 1940; died 1960) Children 6: Fiamma (/wiki/Fiamma_Ferragamo) Ferruccio Giovanna Fulvia Leonardo Massimo Parent Fulvio Miletti (father) Awards "Donna Internazionale dell'anno" by "Committee of 200" in 1982. "Cavaliere del Lavoro della Repubblica Italiana" in 1987. "Honorary officer of British Empire" in 1995. Wanda Ferragamo (née Miletti ; 18 December 1921 - 19 October 2018) was an Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) designer and businesswoman. She was the head designer of Ferragamo (/wiki/Ferragamo) . She was born in Bonito (/wiki/Bonito,_Campania) , Avellino (/wiki/Province_of_Avellino) , Italy, the daughter of Fulvio Miletti, the podestà (/wiki/Podest%C3%A0#Fascist_era) and municipal doctor of the town, physician of the Ferragamo family and their client. [1] (#cite_note-1) During the summer of 1940, at the age of 18 years old, she met and then married Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) , in the church of Santa Lucia in Naples (/wiki/Naples) . [2] (#cite_note-2) From their marriage, six children were born: Fiamma (/wiki/Fiamma_Ferragamo) , Ferruccio, Giovanna, Fulvia, Leonardo and Massimo. After the wedding, they moved to Florence in a villa near Fiesole (/wiki/Fiesole) . After the death of her husband in 1960, Wanda took over the family-owned manufacturer, thus becoming the CEO for more than 20 years. [3] (#cite_note-3) She grew up in a wealthy family, so she was attending school as her mother did, but she had no specific professional training: as a result, she learned how to manage a company by watching and listening to her husband. [4] (#cite_note-4) Since then, the company turned from a footwear company to a ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) and fashion wear with expanded product lines, thanks also to the help of her children. [5] (#cite_note-5) She died in Florence on October 18, 2018 at the age of 96. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vacalebri, Patrizia (24 December 2021). "Wanda avrebbe 100anni, l'omaggio a Firenze" (https://www.ansa.it/canale_lifestyle/notizie/moda/2021/12/18/wanda-ferragamo-avrebbe-100-anni-lomaggio-a-firenze_7f1eb673-2b2f-4eb0-aed6-5f1115c7302e.html) . ANSA (/wiki/Agenzia_Nazionale_Stampa_Associata) (in Italian) . Retrieved 2 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sacchi, Maria Silvia (22 November 2018). "Wanda Ferragamo, l'addio a Firenze e l'invito a guardare i lati positivi" (https://www.corriere.it/moda/business/18_novembre_22/wanda-ferragamo-l-addio-firenze-l-invito-guardare-lati-positivi-4f6a84e6-ee6b-11e8-862e-eefe03127c3f.shtml) . Corriere della Sera (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bits (20 October 2018). "È morta Wanda Ferragamo, presidente onoraria della casa di moda Ferragamo" (https://www.ilpost.it/2018/10/20/morta-wanda-ferragamo/) . Il Post (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Horwell, Veronica (1 November 2018). "Wanda Ferragamo obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/nov/01/wanda-ferragamo-obituary) . The Guardian (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Anselmi, Luca (2001). "Aziende familiari di successo in Toscana" (https://books.google.com/books?id=F-oIXe5UdikC&q=%22wanda+ferragamo%22&pg=PA228) . FrancoAngeli (in Italian). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788846417916 . Retrieved 5 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Mugnaini, Olga (21 November 2018). "Wanda Ferragamo, omaggio alla regina. La sua ultima lettera a Firenze" (https://www.lanazione.it/firenze/cronaca/wanda-ferragamo-lettera-1.4306984) . La Nazione (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Pieraccini, Silvia (19 October 2018). "Lutto per la maison Ferragamo, muore Wanda, moglie del fondatore" (https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/lutto-la-maison-ferragamo-muore-wanda-moglie-fondatore-AEGASXSG) . Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Wanda Ferragamo obituary" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/wanda-ferragamo-obituary-25dn0n8dw) . The Times (in Italian). 27 October 2018 . Retrieved 5 October 2019 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wanda Ferragamo (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wanda_Ferragamo) . 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(Redirected from Counter (footwear) (/w/index.php?title=Counter_(footwear)&redirect=no) ) Footwear This article is about footwear. For other uses, see Shoe (disambiguation) (/wiki/Shoe_(disambiguation)) . "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . A variety of shoes displayed at the Nordic Museum (/wiki/Nordic_Museum) , including models from 1700 to the 1960s. A shoe is an item of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) intended to protect and comfort the human foot (/wiki/Foot) . Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is vulnerable, and shoes provide protection. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) , which are required footwear at industrial worksites. Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs, such as high heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) , which are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemporary footwear varies vastly in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals (/wiki/Sandal) may consist of only a thin sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers (/wiki/Fashion_design) may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots (/wiki/Boot) designed specifically for mountaineering (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) or skiing (/wiki/Ski_boot) , while others have more generalized usage such as sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) which have transformed from a special purpose sport shoe into a general use shoe. Traditionally, shoes have been made from leather (/wiki/Leather) , wood (/wiki/Wood) or canvas (/wiki/Canvas) , but are increasingly being made from rubber (/wiki/Synthetic_rubber) , plastics (/wiki/Plastic) , and other petrochemical (/wiki/Petrochemical) -derived materials. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Globally, the shoe industry is a $200 billion a year industry. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) 90% of shoes end up in landfills, because the materials are hard to separate, recycle or otherwise reuse. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) History Antiquity The oldest known leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , about 5500 years old, found in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) Esparto (/wiki/Esparto) sandals from the 6th (/wiki/6th_millennium_BC) or 5th millennium BC (/wiki/5th_millennium_BC) found in Spain (/wiki/Spain) Roman shoes: a man's, [2] (#cite_note-2) a woman's [3] (#cite_note-3) and a child's [4] (#cite_note-4) shoe from Bar Hill Roman Fort (/wiki/Bar_Hill_Fort) , Scotland. Earliest evidence The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals (/wiki/Sandal) dating (/wiki/Carbon_dating) from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave (/wiki/Fort_Rock_Cave) in the US (/wiki/United_States) state of Oregon (/wiki/Oregon) in 1938. [5] (#cite_note-Connolly_Tom-5) The world's oldest leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni-1 cave complex (/wiki/Areni-1_cave_complex) in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) [7] (#cite_note-Petraglia_Michael-7) Ötzi the Iceman (/wiki/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman) 's shoes, dating to 3300 BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) The Jotunheimen shoe (/wiki/Jotunheimen_shoe) was discovered in August 2006: archaeologists estimate that this leather shoe was made between 1800 and 1100 BC, [8] (#cite_note-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia. Sandals and other plant fiber based tools were found in Cueva de los Murciélagos (/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Murci%C3%A9lagos) in Albuñol (/wiki/Albu%C3%B1ol) in southern Spain in 2023, dating to approximately 7500 to 4200 BC, making them what are believed to be the oldest shoes found in Europe. [10] (#cite_note-Science_Advances-10) It is thought that shoes may have been used long before this, but because the materials used were highly perishable, it is difficult to find evidence of the earliest footwear. [11] (#cite_note-Johnson_Olivia-11) Footprints (/wiki/Footprints) suggestive of shoes or sandals due to having crisp edges, no signs of toes found and three small divots where leather tying laces/straps would have been attached have been at Garden Route National Park (/wiki/Garden_Route_National_Park) , Addo Elephant National Park (/wiki/Addo_Elephant_National_Park) and Goukamma Nature Reserve (/wiki/Goukamma_Marine_Protected_Area) in South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) . [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) These date back to between 73,000 and 136,000 PB. Consistent with the existence of such shoe is the finding of bone awls (/wiki/Bone_tool) dating back to this period that could have made simple footwear. [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) Another source of evidence is the study of the bones of the smaller toes (as opposed to the big toe), it was observed that their thickness decreased approximately 40,000 to 26,000 years ago. This led archaeologists (/wiki/Archaeologist) to deduce the existence of common rather than an occasional wearing of shoes as this would lead to less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes. [13] (#cite_note-Trinkaus_Erik-13) These earliest designs were very simple, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. Americas Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) . These are tight-fitting, soft-soled shoes typically made out of leather or bison (/wiki/Bison) hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. Moccasins were not designed to be waterproof, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most Native Americans (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) went barefoot (/wiki/Barefoot) . [14] (#cite_note-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal-14) The leaves of the sisal (/wiki/Sisal) plant were used to make twine (/wiki/Twine) for sandals in South America while the natives of Mexico used the Yucca (/wiki/Yucca) plant. [15] (#cite_note-Curtin_Cameron-15) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Africa and Middle East As civilizations began to develop, thong sandals (precursors to the modern flip-flop (/wiki/Flip-flops) ) were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) murals from 4000 BC. "Thebet" may have been the term used to describe these sandals in Egyptian times, possibly from the city Thebes (/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt) . The Middle Kingdom (/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt) is when the first of these thebets were found, but it is possible that it debuted in the Early Dynastic Period (/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) One pair found in Europe was made of papyrus (/wiki/Papyrus) leaves and dated (/wiki/Carbon_dating) to be approximately 1,500 years old. They were also worn in Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) during the first century of the Christian era. [18] (#cite_note-Kendzior_Russell-18) Thong sandals were worn by many civilizations and made from a vast variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. The Masai (/wiki/Maasai_people) of Africa made them out of rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(textile)) . In India they were made from wood. While thong sandals were commonly worn, many people in ancient times, such as the Egyptians (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) , Hindus (/wiki/Hindus) and Greeks (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) , saw little need for footwear, and most of the time, preferred being barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a "Cleopatra", [ citation needed ] which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. Asia and Europe The ancient Greeks largely viewed footwear as self-indulgent, unaesthetic and unnecessary. Shoes were primarily worn in the theater, as a means of increasing stature, and many preferred to go barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games (/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games) participated barefoot—and naked. [20] (#cite_note-ancient_olympics-20) Even the gods (/wiki/Twelve_Olympians) and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, as well as the hoplite (/wiki/Hoplite) warriors. They fought battles in bare feet and Alexander the Great (/wiki/Alexander_the_Great) conquered his vast empire with barefoot armies. The runners of Ancient Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) had also been believed to have run barefoot. [21] (#cite_note-Krentz_Peter-21) Footwear of Roman soldiers (reconstruction) The Romans (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) , who eventually conquered the Greeks and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing. Roman clothing (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world, although the slaves and paupers usually went barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Roman soldiers were issued with chiral (/wiki/Chiral) (left and right shoe different) footwear. [22] (#cite_note-22) Shoes for soldiers had riveted insoles to extend the life of the leather, increase comfort, and provide better traction. The design of these shoes also designated the rank of the officers. The more intricate the insignia and the higher up the boot went on the leg, the higher the rank of the soldier. [23] (#cite_note-23) There are references to shoes being worn in the Bible (/wiki/Bible) . [24] (#cite_note-24) In China and Japan, rice straws were used. [ citation needed ] Starting around 4 BC, the Greeks began wearing symbolic footwear. These were heavily decorated to clearly indicate the status of the wearer. Courtesans wore leather shoes colored with white, green, lemon or yellow dyes, and young woman betrothed or newly married wore pure white shoes. Because of the cost to lighten leather, shoes of a paler shade were a symbol of wealth in the upper class. Often, the soles would be carved with a message so it would imprint on the ground. Cobblers became a notable profession around this time, with Greek shoemakers becoming famed in the Roman empire. [25] (#cite_note-25) Middle Ages and early modern period Asia and Europe A common casual shoe in the Pyrenees (/wiki/Pyrenees) during the Middle Ages was the espadrille (/wiki/Espadrille) . This is a sandal with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is French (/wiki/French_language) and comes from the esparto (/wiki/Esparto) grass. The shoe originated in the Catalonian (/wiki/Catalonia) region of Spain (/wiki/Spain) as early as the 13th century, and was commonly worn by peasants (/wiki/Peasant) in the farming communities in the area. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) New styles began to develop during the Song dynasty in China, one of them being the debut of foot straps. It was first used by the noble Han classes, but soon developed throughout society. Women would use these shoes to develop their "lotus feet", which would entice the males. The practice allegedly started during the Shang dynasty, but it grew popular by c. AD 960 . [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) When the Mongols (/wiki/Mongols) conquered China, they dissolved the practice in 1279, and the Manchus banned foot binding in 1644. The Han people, however, continued to use the style without much government intervention. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Dutch pattens, c. 1465 . Excavated from the archeological site of Walraversijde (/wiki/Walraversijde) , near Ostend (/wiki/Ostend) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) In medieval times shoes could be up to two feet long, with their toes sometimes filled with hair, wool, moss, or grass. [27] (#cite_note-27) Many medieval shoes were made using the turnshoe (/wiki/Turnshoe) method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam. [28] (#cite_note-28) The shoe was then turned inside-out so that the grain was outside. Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings (/wiki/Drawstring) to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit. Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images. [29] (#cite_note-29) Around 1500, the turnshoe method was largely replaced by the welted rand method (where the uppers are sewn to a much stiffer sole and the shoe cannot be turned inside-out). [30] (#cite_note-Blair_John-30) The turn shoe method is still used for some dance (/wiki/Dance_shoe) and specialty shoes. By the 15th century, pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) became popular by both men and women in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high-heeled shoe (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) , [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) In the 15th century, the Crakow (/wiki/Crakow_(shoe)) was fashionable (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_fashion) in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) , the capital of Poland (/wiki/Poland) . The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the "polaine", which often was supported by a whalebone (/wiki/Baleen) tied to the knee to prevent the point getting in the way while walking. [32] (#cite_note-polaine-32) Also during the 15th century, chopines (/wiki/Chopine) were created in Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , and were usually 7–8 in (180–200 mm) high. These shoes became popular in Venice (/wiki/Venice) and throughout Europe, as a status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) revealing wealth and social standing. During the 16th century, royalty, such as Catherine de Medici (/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici) or Mary I of England (/wiki/Mary_I_of_England) , started wearing high-heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life. By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well-heeled". [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) In 17th century France, heels were exclusively worn by aristocrats. Louis XIV of France (/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France) outlawed anybody from wearing red high heels except for himself and his royal court. [33] (#cite_note-33) Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, welted rand shoes were commonly made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights". [34] (#cite_note-Yue_Charlotte-34) Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard. Industrial era Asia and Europe A shoemaker (/wiki/Shoemaker) in the Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) , from The Book of English Trades , 1821. Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) became more commercialized in the mid-18th century, as it expanded as a cottage industry (/wiki/Cottage_industry) . Large warehouses (/wiki/Warehouse) began to stock footwear, made by many small manufacturers from the area. Until the 19th century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century's end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of mass production (/wiki/Mass_production) , the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide. The 19th century was when Chinese feminists called for an end to the use of foot straps, and a ban in 1902 was implemented. The ban was soon repealed until it was banned again in 1911 by the new Nationalist government. It was effective in coastal cities, but countryside cities continued without much regulation. Mao Zedong enforced the rule in 1949 and it continues throughout contemporary times. A number of people still have lotus feet today. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Woman's shoe, China, possibly Shanxi or Ningbo style, late 19th to early 20th century The first steps towards mechanisation were taken during the Napoleonic Wars (/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars) by the engineer, Marc Brunel (/wiki/Marc_Brunel) . He developed machinery for the mass production of boots for the soldiers of the British Army (/wiki/British_Army) . In 1812, he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) With the support of the Duke of York (/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany) , the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for the use of the army. In the same year, the use of screws and staples was patented by Richard Woodman (/wiki/Richard_Woodman_(martyr)) . Brunel's system was described by Sir Richard Phillips (/wiki/Sir_Richard_Phillips) as a visitor to his factory in Battersea (/wiki/Battersea) as follows: By the late 19th century, the shoemaking industry had migrated to the factory and was increasingly mechanized. Pictured, the bottoming room of the B. F. Spinney & Co. factory in Lynn, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts) , 1872. In another building I was shown his manufactory of shoes, which, like the other, is full of ingenuity, and, in regard to subdivision of labour, brings this fabric on a level with the oft-admired manufactory of pins. Every step in it is affected by the most elegant and precise machinery; while, as each operation is performed by one hand, so each shoe passes through twenty-five hands, who complete from the hide, as supplied by the currier, a hundred pairs of strong and well-finished shoes per day. All the details are performed by the ingenious application of the mechanic powers; and all the parts are characterised by precision, uniformity, and accuracy. As each man performs but one step in the process, which implies no knowledge of what is done by those who go before or follow him, so the persons employed are not shoemakers, but wounded soldiers, who are able to learn their respective duties in a few hours. The contract at which these shoes are delivered to Government is 6s. 6d. per pair, being at least 2s. less than what was paid previously for an unequal and cobbled article. [36] (#cite_note-36) However, when the war ended in 1815, manual labour (/wiki/Manual_labour) became much cheaper, and the demand for military equipment subsided. As a consequence, Brunel's system was no longer profitable and it soon ceased business. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) Americas Similar exigencies at the time of the Crimean War (/wiki/Crimean_War) stimulated a renewed interest in methods of mechanization and mass-production, which proved longer lasting. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) A shoemaker in Leicester (/wiki/Leicester) , Tomas Crick, patented the design for a riveting machine in 1853. His machine used an iron plate to push iron rivets into the sole. The process greatly increased the speed and efficiency of production. He also introduced the use of steam-powered (/wiki/Steam-power) rolling-machines (/w/index.php?title=Rolling-machine&action=edit&redlink=1) for hardening leather and cutting-machines, in the mid-1850s. [37] (#cite_note-37) Advertisement in an 1896 issue of McClure's (/wiki/McClure%27s) for "The Regal". Attila, a former shoe factory from the 1910s in Tampere (/wiki/Tampere) , Finland (/wiki/Finland) The sewing machine was introduced in 1846, and provided an alternative method for the mechanization of shoemaking. By the late 1850s, the industry was beginning to shift towards the modern factory, mainly in the US and areas of England. A shoe-stitching machine was invented by the American Lyman Blake in 1856 and perfected by 1864. Entering into a partnership with McKay, his device became known as the McKay stitching machine and was quickly adopted by manufacturers throughout New England (/wiki/New_England) . [38] (#cite_note-38) As bottlenecks opened up in the production line due to these innovations, more and more of the manufacturing stages, such as pegging and finishing, became automated. By the 1890s, the process of mechanisation was largely complete. On January 24, 1899, Humphrey O'Sullivan of Lowell, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts) , was awarded a patent (/wiki/Patent) for a rubber heel for boots and shoes. [39] (#cite_note-39) Globalization A process for manufacturing stitchless, that is, glued, shoes— AGO (/wiki/AGO_system) —was developed in 1910. Since the mid-20th century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on. Many of these newer materials, such as rubber and plastics, have made shoes less biodegradable. It is estimated that most mass-produced shoes require 1000 years to degrade in a landfill (/wiki/Landfill) . [40] (#cite_note-Clark_Brian-40) In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials (/wiki/Cradle_to_Cradle_Design) , such as the Nike Considered. [41] (#cite_note-nike_considered-41) [42] (#cite_note-CSR-42) In 2007, the global shoe industry had an overall market of $ (/wiki/United_States_Dollar) 107.4 billion, in terms of revenue (/wiki/Revenue) , and is expected to grow to $122.9 billion by the end of 2012. Shoe manufacturers in the People's Republic of China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) account for 63% of production, 40.5% of global exports and 55% of industry revenue. However, many manufacturers in Europe (/wiki/Europe) dominate the higher-priced, higher value-added end of the market. [43] (#cite_note-PRWeb_ibisworld-43) Culture and folklore See also: Tradition of removing shoes in home (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_home) Haines Shoe House in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) Sports shoes in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Children's shoes at school in Ladakh (/wiki/Ladakh) As an integral part of human culture and civilization, shoes have found their way into our culture, folklore, and art. A popular 18th-century nursery rhyme (/wiki/Nursery_rhyme) is There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe (/wiki/There_was_an_Old_Woman_Who_Lived_in_a_Shoe) . This story tells about an old woman living in a shoe with a lot of children. In 1948, Mahlon Haines (/wiki/Mahlon_Haines) , a shoe salesman in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) , built an actual house shaped like a work boot (/wiki/Boot) as a form of advertisement. The Haines Shoe House (/wiki/Haines_Shoe_House) was rented to newlyweds and the elderly until his death in 1962. Since then, it has served as an ice cream (/wiki/Ice_cream) parlor, a bed and breakfast (/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast) , and a museum (/wiki/Museum) . It still stands today and is a popular roadside attraction. [44] (#cite_note-Lake_Matt-44) Shoes also play an important role in the fairy tales (/wiki/Fairy_tales) Cinderella (/wiki/Cinderella) and The Red Shoes (/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_(fairy_tale)) . In the movie (/wiki/Motion_picture) adaption of the children's book (/wiki/Children%27s_literature) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) , a pair of red ruby slippers play a key role in the plot. The 1985 comedy The Man with One Red Shoe (/wiki/The_Man_with_One_Red_Shoe) features an eccentric man wearing one normal business shoe and one red shoe that becomes central to the plot. One poem, written by Phebus Etienne with the title "Shoes", focuses on them. It describes religious messages and is 3 stanzas long. The first stanza is one line, whereas the second is 13 lines and the third being 14 lines. Throughout the poem the main character talks about their dead mother and their routine with her grave. Haitians are said to "not put shoes on the dead." as it makes spirits easier to "step over the offerings". [45] (#cite_note-45) Athletic sneaker collection has also existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades. [46] (#cite_note-Skidmore_Sarah-46) Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) . [47] (#cite_note-Czech-47) A Sneakerhead (/wiki/Sneakerhead) is a person who owns multiple pairs of shoes as a form of collection and fashion. A contributor to the growth of sneaker collecting is the continued global popularity of the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) line of sneakers designed by Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) for Basketball (/wiki/Basketball) star Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . In the Bible (/wiki/Bible) 's Old Testament (/wiki/Old_Testament) , the shoe is used to symbolize something that is worthless or of little value. In the New Testament (/wiki/New_Testament) , the act of removing one's shoes symbolizes servitude. Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples (/wiki/Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples) regarded the act of removing their shoes as a mark of reverence when approaching a sacred person or place. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In the Book of Exodus (/wiki/Book_of_Exodus) , Moses (/wiki/Moses) was instructed to remove his shoes before approaching the burning bush: Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest [is] holy ground. [49] (#cite_note-49) Salt Crystal Shoes, art installation at the Dead Sea (/wiki/Dead_Sea) by Israeli (/wiki/Israel) artist Sigalit Landau (/wiki/Sigalit_Landau) The removal of the shoe also symbolizes the act of giving up a legal right. In Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) custom, if a man chose not to marry his childless brother's widow (/wiki/Levirate_marriage) , the widow removed her brother-in-law's shoe to symbolize that he had abandoned his duty. In Arab (/wiki/Arab_people) custom, the removal of one's shoe also symbolized the dissolution of marriage. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In Arab culture (/wiki/Arab_culture) , showing the sole of one's shoe is considered an insult, and to throw a shoe (/wiki/Shoe_tossing#Insult) and hit someone with it is considered an even greater insult. Shoes are considered to be dirty as they frequently touch the ground, and are associated with the lowest part of the body—the foot (/wiki/Foot) . As such, shoes are forbidden in mosques (/wiki/Mosque) , and it is also considered unmannerly to cross the legs and display the soles of one's shoes during conversation. This insult was demonstrated in Iraq, first when Saddam Hussein (/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) 's statue was toppled in 2003, Iraqis gathered around it and struck the statue with their shoes. [50] (#cite_note-Gammell_Caroline-50) In 2008, United States President George W. Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) had a shoe thrown at him (/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoeing_incident) by a journalist as a statement against the war in Iraq. [51] (#cite_note-Asser_Martin-51) More generally, shoe-throwing (/wiki/Shoe-throwing) or shoeing, showing the sole of one's shoe or using shoes to insult (/wiki/Insult) are forms of protest in many parts of the world. Incidents where shoes were thrown at political figures have taken place in Australia, India, Ireland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most notably the Arab world (/wiki/Arab_world) . [52] (#cite_note-Tel-52) [53] (#cite_note-BBC-53) Empty shoes may also symbolize death. In Greek (/wiki/Greece) culture, empty shoes are the equivalent of the American funeral wreath. For example, empty shoes placed outside of a Greek home would tell others that the family's son has died in battle. [54] (#cite_note-Reeve_Andru-54) At an observation memorializing the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) , 3,000 pairs of empty shoes were used to recognize those killed. [55] (#cite_note-Cohen_Sam-55) The Shoes on the Danube Bank (/wiki/Shoes_on_the_Danube_Bank) is a memorial in Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) . Conceived by film director Can Togay (/wiki/Can_Togay) , he created it on the east bank of the Danube River (/wiki/Danube_River) with sculptor Gyula Pauer (/w/index.php?title=Gyula_Pauer&action=edit&redlink=1) to honor the Jews who were killed by fascist Arrow Cross (/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party) militiamen in Budapest during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . They were ordered to take off their shoes and were shot at the edge of the water so that their bodies fell into the river and were carried away. The memorial represents their shoes left behind on the bank. Construction "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . "Shoe sole" redirects here. For the French pastry called shoe-soles, see palmier (/wiki/Palmier) . See also: Shoe insert (/wiki/Shoe_insert) The basic anatomy of a shoe is recognizable, regardless of the specific style of footwear. All shoes have a sole , which is the bottom of a shoe, in contact with the ground. Soles can be made from a variety of materials, although most modern shoes have soles made from natural rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) , polyurethane (/wiki/Polyurethane) , or polyvinyl chloride (/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride) (PVC) compounds. [56] (#cite_note-Karak_Niranjan-56) Soles can be simple—a single material in a single layer—or they can be complex, with multiple structures or layers and materials. When various layers are used, soles may consist of an insole, midsole, and an outsole. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot under the footbed (also known as sock liner). The purpose of the insole is to attach to the lasting margin of the upper, which is wrapped around the last (/wiki/Last) during the closing of the shoe during the lasting operation. Insoles are usually made of cellulosic paper board or synthetic non woven insole board. Many shoes have removable and replaceable footbeds. Extra cushioning is often added for comfort (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe) or health reasons (to help deal with differences in the natural shape of the foot or positioning of the foot during standing or walking). [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece or may be an assembly of separate pieces, often of different materials. On some shoes, the heel of the sole has a rubber plate for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic or so-called cleated shoes like soccer, rugby, baseball and golf shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to improve traction. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The midsole is the layer in between the outsole and the insole, typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have additional material for shock absorption (/wiki/Shock_absorption) , usually beneath the heel of the foot, where one puts the most pressure down. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The heel (/wiki/Heel_(shoe)) is the bottom rear part of a shoe. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for more practical and comfortable use. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) On some shoes the inner forward point of the heel is chiselled off, a feature known as a "gentleman's corner". This piece of design is intended to alleviate the problem of the points catching the bottom of trousers and was first observed in the 1930s. [58] (#cite_note-58) A heel is the projection at the back of a shoe which rests below the heel bone (/wiki/Calcaneus) . The shoe heel is used to improve the balance of the shoe, increase the height of the wearer, alter posture or other decorative purposes. Sometimes raised, the high heel (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) is common to a form of shoe often worn by women, but sometimes by men too. See also stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) . The upper helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip-flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, trainers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The upper is connected to the sole by a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that is stitched between it and the sole, known as a welt (/wiki/Welt_(shoe)) . [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) Most uppers have a mechanism, such as laces, straps with buckles, zippers, elastic, velcro straps, buttons, or snaps, for tightening the upper on the foot. Uppers with laces usually have a tongue that helps seal the laced opening and protect the foot from abrasion by the laces. Uppers with laces also have eyelets or hooks to make it easier to tighten and loosen the laces and to prevent the lace from tearing through the upper material. An aglet (/wiki/Aglet) is the protective wrapping on the end of the lace. The vamp is the front part of the shoe, starting behind the toe, extending around the eyelets and tongue and towards back part of the shoe. The medial is the part of the shoe closest to a person's center of symmetry, and the lateral is on the opposite side, away from their center of symmetry. This can be in reference to either the outsole or the vamp. Most shoes have shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) on the upper, connecting the medial and lateral parts after one puts their shoes on and aiding in keeping their shoes on their feet. In 1968, Puma SE (/wiki/Puma_SE) introduced the first pair of sneakers with Velcro (/wiki/Velcro) straps in lieu of shoelaces, and these became popular by the 1980s, especially among children and the elderly. [59] (#cite_note-Suddath_Claire-59) [60] (#cite_note-Frank_Robert-60) The toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) is the part that covers and protects the toes. People with toe deformities, or individuals who experience toe swelling (such as long-distance runners (/wiki/Long-distance_running) ) usually require a larger toe box. [61] (#cite_note-61) Diagram of a typical dress shoe. The area labeled as the "Lace guard" is sometimes considered part of the quarter and sometimes part of the vamp. A shoemaker making turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoes) at the Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum (/wiki/Roscheider_Hof_Open_Air_Museum) . English subtitles. Cutaway view of a typical shoe. Types This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoe&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Most types of shoes are designed for specific activities. For example, boots (/wiki/Boot) are typically designed for work or heavy outdoor use. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) are designed for particular sports such as running, walking, or other sports. Some shoes are designed to be worn at more formal (/wiki/Dress_shoe) occasions, and others are designed for casual wear. There are also a vast variety of shoes designed for different types of dancing. Orthopedic shoes are special types of footwear designed for individuals with particular foot problems or special needs. Clinicians evaluate patient's footwear as a part of their clinical examination. However, it is often based on each individual's needs, with attention to the choice of footwear worn and if the shoe is adequate for the purpose of completing their activities of daily living. [62] (#cite_note-62) Other animals, such as dogs (/wiki/Dog) and horses (/wiki/Horse) , may also wear special shoes to protect their feet as well. Depending on the activity for which they are designed, some types of footwear may fit into multiple categories. For example, Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boots) are considered boots, but may also be worn in more formal occasions and used as dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boots) incorporate many of the protective features of boots, but also provide the extra flexibility and comfort of many athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) . Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) are considered casual footwear, but have also been worn in formal occasions, such as visits to the White House (/wiki/White_House) . [63] (#cite_note-Ward_Julie-63) [64] (#cite_note-Lister_Richard-64) Athletic Main article: Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) A pair of athletic running shoes Bowling centers maintain bowling shoes for rental to patrons, to prevent damage to lane approaches. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoes) are designed for various sports activities, focusing on maximizing friction (/wiki/Friction) between the foot and the ground. These shoes often utilize materials like rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) to achieve this purpose. [65] (#cite_note-McGinnis_Peter-65) The earliest athletic shoes, dating to the mid-19th century, were track spikes (/wiki/Track_spikes) with metal cleats (/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)) for increased traction. Over time, athletic shoe design evolved, with companies like Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) and Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) contributing to the development of modern athletic shoes. Notable innovations include rubber-soled athletic shoes and the introduction of specialized shoes for different sports, such as basketball (/wiki/Basketball) and golf (/wiki/Golf) . More recently, minimalist shoes have gained popularity as barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Their purpose is to allow one's feet and legs to feel more subtly the impacts and forces involved in running, allowing finer adjustments in running style. [66] (#cite_note-Dan_Winters-66) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) [67] (#cite_note-Farrally_Cochran-67) The earliest rubber-soled athletic shoes date back to 1876 in the United Kingdom, when the New Liverpool Rubber Company made plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsolls) , or sandshoes, designed for the sport of croquet (/wiki/Croquet) . Similar rubber-soled shoes were made in 1892 in the United States by Humphrey O'Sullivan, based on Charles Goodyear (/wiki/Charles_Goodyear) 's technology. The United States Rubber Company (/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company) was founded the same year and produced rubber-soled and heeled shoes under a variety of brand names, which were later consolidated in 1916 under the name, Keds (/wiki/Keds_(shoes)) . These shoes became known as, "sneakers", because the rubber sole allowed the wearer to sneak up on another person. In 1964, the founding of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) by Phil Knight (/wiki/Phil_Knight) and Bill Bowerman (/wiki/Bill_Bowerman) of the University of Oregon (/wiki/University_of_Oregon) introduced many new improvements common in modern running shoes, such as rubber waffle soles, breathable nylon (/wiki/Nylon) uppers, and cushioning in the mid-sole and heel. During the 1970s, the expertise of podiatrists (/wiki/Podiatrist) also became important in athletic shoe design, to implement new design features based on how feet reacted to specific actions, such as running, jumping, or side-to-side movement for men and women. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) A pair of Converse All-Stars Shoes specific to the sport of basketball (/wiki/Basketball) were developed by Chuck Taylor (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_(salesman)) , and are popularly known as Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) . In 1969, Taylor was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame) in recognition of this development, and in the 1970s, other shoe manufacturers, such as Nike, Adidas, Reebok, and others began imitating this style of athletic shoe. [68] (#cite_note-Peterson_Hal-68) In April 1985, Nike introduced its own brand of basketball shoe which would become popular in its own right, the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) , named after the then-rookie Chicago Bulls (/wiki/Chicago_Bulls) basketball player, Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . The Air Jordan line of shoes sold $100 million in their first year. [69] (#cite_note-Papson_Goldman-69) As barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, many modern shoe manufacturers have recently designed footwear that mimic this experience, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Some of these shoes include the Vibram FiveFingers (/wiki/Vibram_FiveFingers) , [70] (#cite_note-TrailSpace-70) Nike Free (/wiki/Nike_Free) , [71] (#cite_note-Cortese_Amy-71) and Saucony (/wiki/Saucony) 's Kinvara and Hattori. [72] (#cite_note-Saucony-72) [73] (#cite_note-Jhung_Lisa-73) Mexican huaraches (/wiki/Huarache_(running_shoe)) are also very simple running shoes, similar to the shoes worn by the Tarahumara (/wiki/Tarahumara) people of northern Mexico, who are known for their distance running abilities. [74] (#cite_note-McDougall_Christopher-74) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoes) are also very light and flexible shoes that are designed to mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Many athletic shoes are designed with specific features for specific activities. One of these includes roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) , which have metal or plastic wheels on the bottom specific for the sport of roller skating. Similarly, ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skates) have a metal blade attached to the bottom for locomotion across ice (/wiki/Ice) . Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoes) have also been designed to provide a comfortable, flexible and durable shoe for the sport of skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) . [75] (#cite_note-Welinder_Whitley-75) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) are rubber-soled, tight-fitting shoes designed to fit in the small cracks and crevices for rock climbing (/wiki/Rock_climbing) . Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) are similarly designed with rubber soles and a tight fit, but also are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals (/wiki/Bicycle_pedal#Clipless_pedals) , as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. [76] (#cite_note-IPMBA-76) Some shoes are made specifically to improve a person's ability to weight train (/wiki/Weight_training) . [77] (#cite_note-77) Sneakers that are a mix between an activity-centered and a more standard design have also been produced: examples include roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) , which feature wheels that can be used to roll on hard ground, and Soap shoes (/wiki/Soap_(shoes)) , which feature a hard plastic sole that can be used for grinding (/wiki/Grind_(sport)) . Boot Main article: Boot (/wiki/Boot) A pair of steel-toed (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) safety boots Boots (/wiki/Boot) are a specialized type of footwear that covers the foot and extends up the leg. They serve both functional and fashion purposes, offering protection from elements like water, snow, and mud while also being a fashion statement. Cowboy boots, for instance, are known for their distinctive style and are popular among cowboys in the western United States (/wiki/Western_United_States) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) , on the other hand, are designed for comfort and support during long walks in rough terrains. Snow boots (/wiki/Snow_boot) are ideal for wet or snowy weather, providing warmth and protection against the elements. Additionally, boots are used in specialized activities like skiing, ice skating, and climbing due to their unique features tailored to these activities. [78] (#cite_note-DeWeese_Daniel-78) [79] (#cite_note-Chand_Elise-79) [80] (#cite_note-Howe_Steve-80) [81] (#cite_note-Stimpert_Desiree-81) Boots may also be attached to snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) to increase the distribution of weight over a larger surface area (/wiki/Surface_area) for walking in snow (/wiki/Snow) . Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boots) are a specialized snow boot which are used in alpine (/wiki/Alpine_skiing) or cross-country skiing (/wiki/Cross-country_skiing) and designed to provide a way to attach the skier to his/her skis (/wiki/Ski) using ski bindings (/wiki/Ski_binding) . The ski/boot/binding combination is used to effectively transmit control inputs from the skier's legs to the snow. Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) are another specialized boot with a metal blade attached to the bottom which is used to propel the wearer across a sheet of ice (/wiki/Ice) . [82] (#cite_note-Bellis_Mary_Ice-82) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) are similar to ice skates but with a set of three to four wheels in lieu of the blade, which are designed to mimic ice skating on solid surfaces such as wood or concrete. [83] (#cite_note-Olsen_Scott&Brennan-83) Boots are designed to withstand heavy wear to protect the wearer and provide good traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. They may be used for uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) of the police (/wiki/Police) or military (/wiki/Military) , as well as for protection in industrial settings such as mining (/wiki/Mining) and construction (/wiki/Construction) . Protective features may include steel-tipped toes (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) and soles or ankle (/wiki/Ankle) guards. [84] (#cite_note-Construction_Materials-84) Dress and casual Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) are characterized by their smooth leather uppers, leather soles, and sleek design, suitable for formal occasions. In contrast, casual shoes have sturdier leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and a wider profile for everyday wear. Some dress shoe designs are unisex, while others are specific to men or women. Men's This male dress shoe, known as a derby shoe (/wiki/Derby_shoe) , is distinguished by its open lacing. Men's dress shoes include styles like Oxfords, Derbies, Monk-straps, and Slip-ons, each with its unique characteristics in terms of lacing, decoration, and formality. Women's High heel sandals Women's shoes cover a wide range of styles, including high heels, mules, slingbacks, ballet flats, and court shoes, with high-heeled footwear being a popular choice for formal occasions. Unisex Clog (/wiki/Clog_(shoe)) Platform shoe (/wiki/Platform_shoe) : shoe with very thick soles and heels Sandals (/wiki/Sandal_(footwear)) : open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) : leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Slip-on shoe (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) : a dress or casual shoe without shoelaces or fasteners; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) , also known as "deck shoes": similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces are usually simple leather with no frills. Typically made of leather and featuring a soft white sole to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. The first boat shoe was invented in 1935 by Paul A. Sperry (/wiki/Paul_A._Sperry) . Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) : For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) . Dance Dancers use a variety of footwear depending on the style of dance and the surface they will be dancing on. Pointe shoes, for instance, are designed for ballet dancing, featuring a stiffened toe box and hardened sole to allow dancers to stand on the tips of their toes. Ballet shoes, on the other hand, are soft, pliable shoes made of canvas or leather, providing flexibility and comfort for ballet dancing. Other dance shoe types include jazz shoes, tango, and flamenco shoes, ballroom shoes, tap shoes, character shoes, and foot thongs, each designed to meet the specific needs of different dance styles. Pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoes) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoes) Jazz shoes (/wiki/Jazz_shoe) . This style is frequently worn by acro dancers (/wiki/Acro_dance) A foot thong , viewed from the bottom Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Ladies' ballroom shoes Men's ballroom shoes Tap shoes (/wiki/Tap_shoe) Kierpce (/w/index.php?title=Kierpce&action=edit&redlink=1) Children's shoe from the early 80s. Orthopedic See also: Diabetic shoe (/wiki/Diabetic_shoe) Orthopedic heavy duty black leather school uniform shoes Orthopedic shoes are specially designed to alleviate discomfort associated with various foot and ankle disorders, such as blisters (/wiki/Blister) , bunions, calluses, and plantar fasciitis. They are also used by individuals with diabetes, unequal leg length (/wiki/Unequal_leg_length) , or children with mobility issues. [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) [87] (#cite_note-87) These shoes typically feature a low heel, wide toe box, and firm heel for added support. Some orthopedic shoes come with removable insoles or orthotics to provide extra arch support. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Measures and sizes Main article: Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) World's largest pair of shoes (/wiki/Giant_shoes_of_Marikina) , Riverbank Center (/wiki/Riverbanks_Center) , Philippines—5.29 metres (17.4 ft) long and 2.37 metres (7 ft 9 in) wide, equivalent to a French shoe size of 75. Shoe sizes are indicated by a numerical value representing the length of the shoe, with different systems used globally. European sizes are measured in Paris Points, while the UK and American units are based on whole-number sizes spaced at one barleycorn (1/3 inch) with UK adult sizes starting at size 1 = 8 + 2 ⁄ 3 in (22.0 cm). In the US, this is size 2. Men's and women's shoe sizes often use different scales [ citation needed ] , and some systems are measured using a Brannock Device (/wiki/Brannock_Device) which considers the width and length size values of the feet. The Mondopoint system, introduced in the 1970s by International Standard ISO 2816:1973 "Fundamental characteristics of a system of shoe sizing to be known as Mondopoint" and ISO 3355:1975 "Shoe sizes – System of length grading (for use in the Mondopoint system)" includes measurements of both length and width of the foot. [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-89) Toddler-sized shoe. Accessories Various accessories are used to enhance the functionality and comfort of shoes. Crampons provide traction on icy terrain, foam taps adjust shoe fit, heel grips prevent slipping, and ice cleats enhance stability on slippery surfaces. Overshoes protect shoes from rain and snow, while shoe bags are used for storage. Shoe brushes and polishing cloths maintain shoe appearance, while shoe inserts offer additional comfort. Removal of shoes "Plzz REMOVE YOUR SHOES" sign at entrance to stupa (/wiki/Stupa) . Nubra (/wiki/Nubra) , India Main article: Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship) In many places in the world, shoes are removed when moving from exteriors to interiors, particularly in homes [90] (#cite_note-Kurzius_2023_p020-90) [91] (#cite_note-Nast_Spier_2020_y674-91) and religious buildings. [92] (#cite_note-Sood_2011_e867-92) In many Asian countries, outdoor shoes are exchanged for indoor shoes or slippers (/wiki/Slipper) . [93] (#cite_note-LaMotte_2023_u513-93) Fitness center (/wiki/Fitness_center) etiquette encourages the exchange of outdoor shoes for indoor shoes, both to prevent dirt and grime from being transferred to the equipment and to ensure that participants are wearing the right shoes for their activities. [94] (#cite_note-C.P.T_2023_s056-94) See also Foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) List of shoe companies (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) Locomotor effects of shoes (/wiki/Locomotor_effects_of_shoes) Runner's toe (/wiki/Runner%27s_toe) , injury from malfitting shoes Shoe dryer (/wiki/Shoe_dryer) Shoe rack (/wiki/Shoe_rack) Shoe tossing (/wiki/Shoe_tossing) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Shoe fetish (/wiki/Shoe_fetish) References ^ a b c Hoskins, Tansy E. (2020-03-21). 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Architectural Digest . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sood_2011_e867_92-0) Sood, Suemedha (June 17, 2011). "Religious tourism etiquette" (https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20110616-travelwise-religious-tourism-etiquette) . BBC Home . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-LaMotte_2023_u513_93-0) LaMotte, Sandee (December 7, 2023). "The dirty truth about taking your shoes off at the door" (https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/07/health/remove-shoes-germs-wellness/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-C.P.T_2023_s056_94-0) C.P.T, Lee Boyce (2023-11-06). "Gym Etiquette Code of Conduct: 12 Rules for Every Lifter" (https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/gentlemans-guide-gym-etiquette#wear-indoor-shoes) . Men's Journal . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . Bibliography Bergstein, Rachelle (2012). Women from the Ankle Down: The Story of Shoes and How They Define Us (Hardback). New York: Harper Collins. pp. 284 pages (https://archive.org/details/womenfromankledo00berg/page/284) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-196961-4 . Doe, Tamasin (1998), Patrick Cox: Wit, Irony, and Footwear , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8230-1148-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-1148-8) . Pattison, Angela, A Century of Shoes: Icons of Style in the 20th Century , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7858-0835-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-0835-3) . Swann, June. History of Footwear in Norway, Sweden and Finland: Prehistory to 1950 , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 91-7402-323-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7402-323-3) . Further reading Design Museum. Fifty Shoes That Changed the World (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30656443-fifty-shoes-that-changed-the-world) . London: Conran Octopus, 2009. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84091-539-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84091-539-6) . External links Shoes at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Shoe) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Shoes) from Wikiquote Texts (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikisource Textbooks (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikibooks Resources (https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikiversity Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) 's online exhibits on the history and variety of footwear: "All About Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221005164952/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) . Archived from the original (http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) on 2022-10-05. "Footwear History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060813085112/http://www.footwearhistory.com/) . Archived from the original (http://www.footwearhistory.com/) on 2006-08-13. "International Shoe Size Conversion Charts" (http://www.i18nguy.com/l10n/shoes.html) . , from i18nguy's website, offers more information. "Shoe Care" (https://archive.today/20121218002956/http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) on 2012-12-18. Illustrated "Glossary of Shoe Terms" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220319083936/https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) . Archived from the original (https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) on 2022-03-19. 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(/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Folk footwear (/wiki/Folk_costume) Abacas (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarkas (/wiki/Abarka) Alpargatas (/wiki/Espadrille) Avarcas (/wiki/Avarca) Balghas (/wiki/Balgha) Bast shoes (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocie) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Espadrilles (/wiki/Espadrille) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hnyat-phanats (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jorabs (/wiki/Jorabs) Kamiks (/wiki/Kamik) Kolhapuri chappals (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Mojaris (/wiki/Mojari) Mukluks (/wiki/Mukluk) Nalins (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanci (/wiki/Opanak) Peshawari chappals (/wiki/Peshawari_chappal) Snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouchi) Takunya (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Upanah (/wiki/Upanah) Valenkis (/wiki/Valenki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Historical 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Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) v t e Athletic shoe (/wiki/Sneakers) brands Companies and brands Footwear-only Alpina (/wiki/Alpina_%C5%BDiri) Feiyue (/wiki/Feiyue) Gola (/wiki/Gola_(manufacturer)) Karhu (/wiki/Karhu_(sports_brand)) Keds (/wiki/Keds) Pro-Keds (/wiki/Pro-Keds) Spira (/wiki/Spira_(footwear_company)) Vibram (/wiki/Vibram) Xero Shoes (/wiki/Xero_Shoes) 361 Degrees (/wiki/361_Degrees) Footwear and apparel Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) AFA (/wiki/AFA_Sports) Airwalk (/wiki/Airwalk) Allbirds (/wiki/Allbirds) Altra (/wiki/Altra_Running) AND1 (/wiki/AND1) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Athleta (/wiki/Athleta_(sports_manufacturer)) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) Avia (/wiki/Avia_(shoes)) Bata (/wiki/Bata_Corporation) British Knights 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Italian fashion designer Maria Antonelli Born 1903 Died 1969 Nationality Italian (/wiki/Italians) Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) Maria Antonelli (1903–1969) was an Italian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . A pioneer of Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) design, Antonelli took part in the first Italian fashion shows. Early life [ edit ] Maria Antonelli was born in 1903. She was apprenticed (/wiki/Apprenticeship) at Battilocchi Tailoring in Rome. [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Antonelli founded her eponymous fashion house in 1930. In July 1951, together with other designers such as Vincenzo Ferdinandi (/wiki/Vincenzo_Ferdinandi) , Roberto Capucci (/wiki/Roberto_Capucci) , the Atelier Carosa, Giovannelli-Sciarra, Polinober, Germana Marucelli (/wiki/Germana_Marucelli) and Jole Veneziani (/wiki/Jole_Veneziani) , she took part in the show organised by Giovanni Battista Giorgini (/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Giorgini) in Florence that attempted to establish Italian fashion as a rival to France. [2] (#cite_note-2) Her designs have been described as having "minimalist silhouettes which pre-empted the 60s trend". [3] (#cite_note-3) She dressed the actresses Clara Calamai (/wiki/Clara_Calamai) , Anna Magnani (/wiki/Anna_Magnani) , and Alida Valli (/wiki/Alida_Valli) . In 1969, she took part in the Mare Moda (/w/index.php?title=Mare_Moda&action=edit&redlink=1) festival, where her models were described by Antony King-Deacon (/wiki/Antony_King-Deacon) of The Times (/wiki/The_Times) as "thrashing about with their arms and legs in a sort of frenzied apathy. On they ran, harem-scarem, wiggle, scream, and they were gone." [4] (#cite_note-capri-4) Death and legacy [ edit ] Antonelli died in 1969. Her designs featured in the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) 's exhibition The Glamour of Italian Fashion 1945-2014 in 2014. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Settembrini, Luigi. (2001) 1951-2001: Made in Italy? Skira. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8884910004 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8884910004) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Italy gets dressed up" (https://books.google.com/books?id=kE8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA105) , LIFE (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) , 20 August 1951, pp. 104-112 (p. 105). ^ (#cite_ref-3) Trailblazing Women in Italian Fashion. (http://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/3509/trailblazing-women-in-italian-fashion) Daisy Woodward, AnOther, 27 March 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-capri_4-0) "Capri caprices", Antony King-Deacon, The Times , 17 October 1969, p. 17. ^ (#cite_ref-5) From Gucci to Gaultier: London hosts two major fashion exhibitions. (http://www.studiointernational.com/index.php/from-gucci-to-gaultier-london-hosts-two-major-fashion-exhibitions) studio international (/wiki/Studio_international) , 17 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2018. External links [ edit ] https://www.flickr.com/photos/skorver1/sets/72157633172868323/ (https://www.flickr.com/photos/skorver1/sets/72157633172868323/) Made in Italy: alta moda - Rai Teche. 1959 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCRfBFbZrO0) This Italian artist–related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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A Sciura is an elderly lady from the city center of Milan (/wiki/Milan) , who is essentially rich, elegantly dressed and often easily recognizable by her careless attitude. [1] (#cite_note-1) Language-wise, ‘Sciura’ ( pronounced /ˈʃuːra/ (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sciura) ) is the feminine form of ‘Sciur’, which is the Lombard (/wiki/Lombard_language) word for ‘Mister’. [2] (#cite_note-2) Although the word in itself can be literally translated as ‘lady’ or ‘Mrs.’, the actual semantic of the term has evolved to a much broader meaning within the context of the city and its hinterland, especially when used as a common noun and not as an honorific (/wiki/English_honorifics) . Characteristic features [ edit ] In an objective attempt to define her typical aesthetic traits, the 'Sciura' is elegant and refined in her own way, but with an attitude; she is elderly, wealthy and usually living downtown, where she either wears timeless high fashion designed clothing or outdated and just as expensive fancy clothes, which often include furs and pearl necklaces, along with permed hair. The 'Sciura' is often to be seen in the high-end areas of Milan, strolling the streets, going to the theatre, shopping, or simply having an espresso. Sciura and class [ edit ] The origins of ‘Sciura’ is rooted in the old aristocratic society of Milan. [3] (#cite_note-3) The connection between the essence of 'Sciura' and the upper class hierarchical system is undeniable. Consumption as a way of displaying and defining your social relations and identity has been a crucial point in the theory of the Consumer Culture (/wiki/Consumer_Culture) . As ‘Sciura’ taste has become synonymous with luxury, the display of this certain style has therefore become an activity in which one displays wealth and upper class. This act of using commodities as a form of visibly expressing ones wealth is what the American sociologist Thorstein Veblen (/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen) called conspicuous consumption (/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption) , and has become an essential part of the ‘Sciura’ way of living and how to portray one's own personal brand. Sciura, snob effect and manifestation in media [ edit ] 'Sciura' has been found in fashion, Films, Theatres, literature and in television for over a decade. [4] (#cite_note-4) The fashion world especially adopted the classical features of the ‘Sciura’ and from a 60-year-old Isabella Rossellini (/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini) starring in the Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) advertisement in 2012 to Lauren Hutton (/wiki/Lauren_Hutton) closing the Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) show together with Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) in 2017, the fashion world is adopting more and more to the dressing codes of the elders. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) The ‘Sciura’ prefers exclusive, unusual and unique goods, which is called showing a snob appeal. How they are dressing is a way to communicate the status in a silent but effective way, where a high price also means high quality. The goods often have high value, but low practical value and the rarer the item is, the higher the snob value will be. [7] (#cite_note-7) They are influencing our contemporary society with the so called snob effect (/wiki/Snob_effect) which is making the ‘Sciurastyle' grow and can therefore be seen many brands at the moment. Brands like Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) bring back its classic cuts and embraces the snob appeal. Sciura as influencer [ edit ] The ‘Sciure’ appearance in social media is increasing rapidly. [8] (#cite_note-8) Through the Instagram profile Sciuraglam the ‘Sciura’ has become famous to the wider public. The Instagram account with has over 310K followers (March 2024) is a dedication to these elderly fashionistas that quickly became a phenomenon. [9] (#cite_note-auto-9) The account captures real life Street Style (/wiki/Street_Style) photographs of the Sciura's moments of everyday life in the city of Milan (/wiki/Milan) . There is a presence of humor and sarcasm in the Instagram account, although it is strongly implied that the ‘Sciura’ is to be adored and iconized. A stereotypical post in Sciuraglam would be a photograph of a lady who will do grocery shopping in her Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) suit or taking the tram with her Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) Birkin bag (/wiki/Birkin_bag) in hand. [9] (#cite_note-auto-9) The pictures that are seen on Sciuraglam are pictures both taken by the owner of the Instagram account but also pictures sent by the Sciura's themselves, honored and eager to be featured on the page. [9] (#cite_note-auto-9) Sciura in real life [ edit ] Cecilia Matteucci Lavarini is a "Sciura-character" that often features in the Instagram account Sciuraglam. In her own Instagram account she describes herself as a " Haute Couture and Oriental Costume Collector. Enthusiastic supporter of concert, opera and ballet.. ". [10] (#cite_note-10) Sciura in different cultures [ edit ] Outside Milan there is influencers or fashion icons that can be seen as cross cultural 'Sciura's'. In New York, Iris Apfel (/wiki/Iris_Apfel) , Helen Van Winkle aka Baddiewinkle (/wiki/Baddiewinkle) or even Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) can be categorized as a 'Sciura' when looking at their attributes such as style, social class and habit. These are fashion icons that have reached millions of followers on Instagram thanks to their daring style and personality. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Newbold, Alice (16 August 2018). "The Instagram Celebrating Rich, Glamorous Milanese Grandmas" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/sciuraglam-instagram-account) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Wiktionary" (https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/sciura) . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Moda e aristocrazia: le "sciure"e lo snob appeal" (https://www.thefashionatlas.com/magazine/fashion-history/moda-e-aristocrazia-sciure-e-snob-appeal.php) . Retrieved 28 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "I'm a Sciuraglam: viaggio alla scoperta di una specie unica nel suo genere" (https://www.realtime.it/magazine/fashion/2018/sciuraglam-sciure-significato-caratteristiche) . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Isabella Rossellini Bag from Bulgari: Now She'll Always Have Rome" (https://www.vogue.com/article/vd-the-isabella-rossellini-bag-from-bulgari-now-shell-always-have-10-rome) . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "From Lauren Hutton to Gigi Hadid: 6 Reasons Why Bottega Veneta's Cast Rocked" (https://www.vogue.com/article/bottega-veneta-lauren-hutton-milan-spring-2017) . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Galatin M.; Leiter, Robert D. (1981). Economics of Information . Boston: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 25–29. ^ (#cite_ref-8) MASIERO, GAIA (7 March 2019). "Sciuragram, le signore vanno di moda su Instagram" (https://www.vanityfair.it/lifestyle/hi-tech/2017/06/03/sciuragram-signore-moda-instagram-foto-gossip) . Vanity Fair . ^ a b c "Sciuras Were the Early-Day Influencers" (http://www.neighbourhood.tv/sciuras-early-day-influencers/) . Retrieved 2 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Ceciliamatteucci" (https://www.instagram.com/ceciliamatteucci/?hl=sv) . Retrieved 28 February 2019 . External links [ edit ] Sciuraglam (https://www.instagram.com/sciuraglam/) Cecilia Matteucci Lavarini (https://www.instagram.com/ceciliamatteucci/?hl=sv) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6d49675458‐7v7df Cached time: 20240627001659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.212 seconds Real time usage: 0.256 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 565/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13643/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 259/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35498/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.126/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3779822/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 221.427 1 -total 74.09% 164.060 1 Template:Reflist 59.16% 130.997 9 Template:Cite_web 12.10% 26.802 1 Template:Italic_title 10.88% 24.100 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 6.36% 14.084 1 Template:DMCA 5.76% 12.757 1 Template:Cite_book 4.91% 10.867 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 3.54% 7.837 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 2.63% 5.819 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60162530-0!canonical and timestamp 20240627001659 and revision id 1214201353. 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16th 17th 18th 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_clothing) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_clothing) 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐cz8t5 Cached time: 20240718095534 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.090 seconds Real time usage: 0.112 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 46/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1952/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.066/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 924131/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 105.161 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 105.161 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59755426-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718095534 and revision id 941816554. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. 2000s clothing (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) (6 C) 2010s clothing (/wiki/Category:2010s_clothing) (2 C) 2020s clothing (/wiki/Category:2020s_clothing) (4 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:21st-century_clothing&oldid=941816554 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:21st-century_clothing&oldid=941816554) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_century) 21st-century works (/wiki/Category:21st-century_works) |
The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Street fashion (/wiki/Street_fashion) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐8s6fk Cached time: 20240713084030 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.036 seconds Real time usage: 0.076 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 382/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.018/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627155/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 61.371 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 61.371 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35023841-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713084030 and revision id 1048238008. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Street fashion" The following 39 pages are in this category, out of 39 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Adidas Yeezy (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) Amazon Coat (/wiki/Amazon_Coat) Anti Social Social Club (/wiki/Anti_Social_Social_Club) B Henry Bond (/wiki/Henry_Bond) C Coolhunting (/wiki/Coolhunting) Cropp (brand) (/wiki/Cropp_(brand)) Bill Cunningham (American photographer) (/wiki/Bill_Cunningham_(American_photographer)) D Diorama Arts Cooperative (/wiki/Diorama_Arts_Cooperative) F Fashion blog (/wiki/Fashion_blog) Fenty X Puma (/wiki/Fenty_X_Puma) Freshjive (/wiki/Freshjive) G Gang colors (/wiki/Gang_colors) H Huffer (/wiki/Huffer) Humans of New York (/wiki/Humans_of_New_York) The Hundreds (/wiki/The_Hundreds) Hypebeast (company) (/wiki/Hypebeast_(company)) J Japanese street fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) K Karmaloop (/wiki/Karmaloop) Kiks Tyo (/wiki/Kiks_Tyo) L Low-crotch pants (/wiki/Low-crotch_pants) M Massive Goods (/wiki/Massive_Goods) Kevin Meredith (/wiki/Kevin_Meredith) MISBHV (/wiki/MISBHV) O Opening Ceremony (brand) (/wiki/Opening_Ceremony_(brand)) P Purple Mark (/wiki/Purple_Mark) R Reigning Champ (/wiki/Reigning_Champ) Gosha Rubchinskiy (/wiki/Gosha_Rubchinskiy) S The Sartorialist (/wiki/The_Sartorialist) Scott Schuman (/wiki/Scott_Schuman) Seventy Two Changes (/wiki/Seventy_Two_Changes) Street style (/wiki/Street_style) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Stüssy (/wiki/St%C3%BCssy) T The Tehran Times (/wiki/The_Tehran_Times) Tommy Ton (/wiki/Tommy_Ton) U UNKL347 (/wiki/UNKL347) W WGSN (trend forecasting) (/wiki/WGSN_(trend_forecasting)) Nick Wooster (/wiki/Nick_Wooster) Y Yeezy (brand) (/wiki/Yeezy_(brand)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Street_fashion&oldid=1048238008 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Street_fashion&oldid=1048238008) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Street culture (/wiki/Category:Street_culture) Casual wear (/wiki/Category:Casual_wear) |
Variety of salwar kameez merging principles of a pencil skirt with the traditional salwar kameez This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pencil_suit) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Pencil suit" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pencil+suit%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pencil+suit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pencil+suit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pencil+suit%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pencil+suit%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pencil+suit%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A pencil suit is a variety of salwar kameez (/wiki/Salwar_kameez) . The suit follows the principles of a pencil skirt (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) and merges it with the traditional salwar kameez. While salwars are loosely fitted pants, pencil suits have tightly fitted pants that follow the contours of the lady's leg. It differs from the churidar (/wiki/Churidar) only in the lack of the ruches or the “churis” near the ankle. The kameez is of thigh length and has a side seam left open below the waist-line. This attire is often marched with a dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) of matching or contrasting color. As with most designer suits, a pencil suit is also embellished with beads, mirror work, zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) or zari (/wiki/Zari) work. Simple and plain variants of the suit are also available for daily wear. Description [ edit ] The pencil pants (/wiki/Trousers) are held up by a drawstring at the waist (/wiki/Waist) . The pants are fitted tightly against the contours of the lady's leg and don't have any extra cloth. Usually it is made of stretchable material to aid the easy movement and not to cause any discomfort to the lady while sitting down. The pants completely narrow down towards the ankle and are held by a buttoned cuff at the ends. While conventional salwar kameez employs traditional cuts, crosscuts are used to stitch a pencil suit. This version of salwar kameez accentuates the curves of the female wearing it. The kameez of the pencil suit is stitched as that of a regular kurta (/wiki/Kurta) . Though the height of the kameez may vary according to the taste of the wearer, the usual style is to have it stitched at thigh length. A side seam is provided to aid easy movements and usually starts at the waist line. Different necklines are experimented with plunging neckline (/wiki/Neckline) , boat line, high necks or mandarin neckline. It is customary to wear a dupatta along with a pencil suit though it is not mandatory. Nowadays the dupatta is just draped over the hands or used as a fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . The dupatta are made in diaphanous, shimmery fabrics (/wiki/Fabrics) for this reason. Pencil suits and Bollywood [ edit ] Though the pencil suit was designed first by leading designers of the fashion (/wiki/Fashion) industry, it became popularized only through Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) . After being adapted by some famous lead protagonists of Bollywood, pencil suits became fashionable. Apart from being worn in movies, the actresses opted for pencil suits to be worn at public functions and events too. This further accelerated the adaption of pencil suits into the wardrobe of college and officegoing ladies. Differences between pencil suits and churidar [ edit ] To a point the pencil suit can be called a variant of churidar; but a pencil suit differs very much from the churidar, whose name derives their name from the ‘churis’ or ruche they form as they end near the ankle. Pencil suit lacks any type of ‘churi’ or any extra cloth. Extra cloth is provided at the thigh in churidar to aid easy movements and comfort to the lady wearing it. There is no extra cloth provision in pencil suit, but for the ease of the wearer it is made of elastic fabrics that can stretch easily. v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pencil_suit&oldid=1211139303 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pencil_suit&oldid=1211139303) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian clothing (/wiki/Category:Indian_clothing) Suits (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Suits_(clothing)) Hosiery (/wiki/Category:Hosiery) Trousers and shorts (/wiki/Category:Trousers_and_shorts) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Articles lacking sources from February 2013 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_sources_from_February_2013) All articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_sources) |
Laotian national costume Laotian women wearing xout lao . The Xout Lao ( Lao (/wiki/Lao_language) : ຊຸດລາວ ; pronounced [sūt (/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao) láːw] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao) ) is a Laotian (/wiki/Laos) national costume (/wiki/National_costume) , worn by men, women, and children. Xout lao literally means 'Lao outfit'. Components [ edit ] Xout Lao is composed of different parts. The style varies between genders from regions to regions, and it often depends on the occasions. For instance, in formal settings men typically wear a white silk Nehru-style jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) with a pha hang (/wiki/Pha_hang) with white knee-length socks and dress shoes. Men can also optionally wear a pha biang (/wiki/Pha_biang) with checkered patterns on their left shoulders. Women typically wear a sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) matching in colors with a pha biang (/wiki/Pha_biang) and a silk suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) . [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) ການນຸ່ງຖືຂອງແມ່ຍິງລາວກັບງານປະເພນີ ("Lao clothing in ceremonial events" in Lao) (http://www.ecom.org.la/teen/khao/13/11216) [ permanent dead link ] Further reading [ edit ] Dolly Brittan (1997). The People of Laos . New York: PowerKids Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 082-3951-24-3 . Edeltraud Tagwerker (2009). Siho and Naga--Lao Textiles: Reflecting a People's Tradition and Change . Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 363-1586-89-2 . External links [ edit ] Sinhs (Lao skirt fabric) (https://web.archive.org/web/20130723050939/http://www.gotlaos.com/silskma.html) See also [ edit ] Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Pha biang (/wiki/Pha_biang) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Chut thai (/wiki/Chut_thai) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Pha hang (/wiki/Pha_hang) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell (/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants) High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits (/wiki/Suit) and uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) court (/wiki/Court_dress) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) Military (/wiki/Military_uniform) full (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) mess (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) service (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) sailor (/wiki/Sailor_suit) combat (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) clerical (/wiki/Clerical_clothing) vestment (/wiki/Vestment) School (/wiki/School_uniform) Prison (/wiki/Prison_uniform) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) boilersuit (/wiki/Boilersuit) cleanroom (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) hazmat (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) space (/wiki/Space_suit) scrubs (/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) and gowns (/wiki/Gown) Formal, semi- formal, informal Backless (/wiki/Backless_dress) Bouffant gown (/wiki/Bouffant_gown) Coatdress (/wiki/Coatdress) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) little black (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Evening (/wiki/Evening_gown) ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Plain (/wiki/Plain_dress) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_dress) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Strapless (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Wedding (/wiki/Wedding_dress) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Casual House (/wiki/House_dress) Jumper (/wiki/Jumper_(dress)) Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) Sheath (/wiki/Sheath_dress) Shirtdress (/wiki/Shirtdress) Slip (/wiki/Slip_dress) Sundress (/wiki/Sundress) Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) Denim (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Men's (/wiki/Men%27s_skirts) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Pencil (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_skirt) Rah-rah (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Skort (/wiki/Skort) Tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)) Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Top Bra (/wiki/Bra) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) Bottom Diaper (/wiki/Diaper) Training pants (/wiki/Training_pants) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Plastic pants (/wiki/Plastic_pants) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Thong (/wiki/Thong) Underpants (/wiki/Underpants) boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) briefs (/wiki/Briefs) Full Bodysuit, adult (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bodysuit, infant (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) See-through (/wiki/See-through_clothing) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Coats (/wiki/Coat) and outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Overcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) Car (/wiki/Car_coat) Chesterfield (/wiki/Chesterfield_coat) Covert (/wiki/Covert_coat) Duffel (/wiki/Duffel_coat) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) British Warm (/wiki/British_Warm) Guards Coat (/wiki/Guards_Coat) Greca (/wiki/Greca_(clothing)) Over-frock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Riding (/wiki/Riding_coat) shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Trench (/wiki/Trench_coat) Ulster (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) opera (/wiki/Opera_cloak) Paletot (/wiki/Paletot) Pea (/wiki/Pea_coat) Polo (/wiki/Polo_coat) Raincoat (/wiki/Raincoat) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) Suit coats Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) rekel (/wiki/Rekel) Mess jacket (/wiki/Mess_jacket) Suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) Blazer (/wiki/Blazer) smoking (/wiki/Smoking_jacket) sports (/wiki/Sport_coat) Teba (/wiki/Teba_jacket) Tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) dress (/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat) morning (/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat) Other Apron (/wiki/Apron) pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) Blouson (/wiki/Blouson) Cagoule (/wiki/Cagoule) Cape (/wiki/Cape) ferraiolo (/wiki/Ferraiolo) Inverness (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) monastic (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) royal (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) mozzetta (/wiki/Mozzetta) pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Coatee (/wiki/Coatee) Cut-off (/wiki/Cut-off) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) down (/wiki/Down_jacket) flight (/wiki/Flight_jacket) goggle (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) Harrington (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) leather (/wiki/Leather_jacket) mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Norfolk (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) safari (/wiki/Safari_jacket) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)) Lab coat (/wiki/White_coat) Parka (/wiki/Parka) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Robe (/wiki/Robe) bathrobe (/wiki/Bathrobe) dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Ski suit (/wiki/Ski_suit) Sleeved blanket (/wiki/Sleeved_blanket) Windbreaker (/wiki/Windbreaker) Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Boardshorts (/wiki/Boardshorts) Dry suit (/wiki/Dry_suit) Monokini (/wiki/Monokini) One-piece (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) Rash guard (/wiki/Rash_guard) Sling (/wiki/Sling_swimsuit) Square leg suit (/wiki/Square_leg_suit) Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Swim diaper (/wiki/Swim_diaper) Trunks (/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)) Wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) Legwear (/wiki/Hosiery) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) white tie (/wiki/White_tie) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Related Clothing fetish (/wiki/Clothing_fetish) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Costume (/wiki/Costume) creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) Cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) Environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) made-to-measure (/wiki/Made-to-measure) ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) Fur clothing (/wiki/Fur_clothing) types (/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur) Fursuit (/wiki/Fursuit) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Laws (/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Right to clothing (/wiki/Right_to_clothing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) Gache (/wiki/Gache) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Hwagwan (/wiki/Hwagwan) Jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) Manggeon (/wiki/Wangjin) South Bhutan Gho (/wiki/Gho) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) India (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Nepal (/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistani_clothing) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Perak (/wiki/Perak_(headdress)) Peshawari pagri (/wiki/Peshawari_turban) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Southeast Burma (/wiki/Burmese_clothing) Longyi (/wiki/Longyi) Gaung baung (/wiki/Gaung_baung) Cambodia (/wiki/Khmer_clothing) Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Baju bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kupiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tanjak (/wiki/Tengkolok) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Laos (/wiki/Culture_of_Laos#Traditional_clothing) Xout lao Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tengkolok (/wiki/Tengkolok) Philippines (/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines) Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) Baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) Buntal hat (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Malong (/wiki/Malong) Maria Clara gown (/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown) Patadyong (/wiki/Patadyong) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Thailand (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Banong (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Banong) Chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) Chut Thai (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Formal Chut Thai (/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume) Pha khao ma (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma) Pha nung (/wiki/Pha_nung) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Sabai (/wiki/Sabai) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Tabengman (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Áo bà ba (/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba) Áo dài (/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) Áo giao lĩnh (/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh) Áo tứ thân (/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n) Middle East Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Assyria (/wiki/Assyrian_clothing) Bisht (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Izaar (/wiki/Izaar) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Sheitel 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(/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo) British Isles Britain Country (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Court (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Windsor uniform (/wiki/Windsor_uniform) Ireland (/wiki/Irish_clothing) Scottish highlands (/wiki/Highland_dress) Aboyne (/wiki/Aboyne_dress) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Kilt (/wiki/Kilt) Sporran (/wiki/Sporran) Wales (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) Central Dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) Lederhosen (/wiki/Lederhosen) Poland (/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland) Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) Eastern Armenia (/wiki/Armenian_dress) Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing) Kelaghayi (/wiki/Kelaghayi) Ukraine (/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing) Kobeniak (/wiki/Kobeniak) Kozhukh (/wiki/Kozhukh) Kozhushanka (/wiki/Kozhushanka) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Sharovary (/wiki/Sharovary) Vyshyvanka (/wiki/Vyshyvanka) Ukrainian wreath (/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath) Russia Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Lapti 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hide This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Draft:Kawaiiconic) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Draft_talk:Kawaiiconic) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may be written from a fan's point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Fancruft) , rather than a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please clean it up (/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup) to conform to a higher standard (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_style_guidelines) of quality, and to make it neutral in tone. ( March 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Draft_talk:Kawaiiconic) . ( March 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( March 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Kawaiiconic [ edit ] Alison Jessica Jones (born 24 February 1996) known professionally as Kawaiiconic or Kawaiiconic Ali , is an alternative fashion influencer and musician. Known her for monochromatic fashion sense and influence in the Japanese fashion community, she is best known for her appearance on Truly's (/wiki/Barcroft_TV) ' Hooked on the Look (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9596620/) ' [1] (#cite_note-1) an online fashion documentary series. Early life and Career [ edit ] Born and raised in Kenai, Alaska (/wiki/Kenai,_Alaska) , Alison had a passion for music and art at a young age. Growing up in a creative family alongside her twin sister Josephine 'IgikoPop' Jones, the duo often sang and danced for the Kenaitze Indian Tribe (/w/index.php?title=Kenaitze_Indian_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1) , where they developed a love for performing. [2] (#cite_note-2) Alison expressed a passion for songwriting in her late teens, and this talent eventually lead her and twin sister recognition in the form of a runner-up placement in a songwriting contest [3] (#cite_note-3) held by the Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) for young songwriters. Upon graduating from high school, Alison enrolled at the University of Idaho (/wiki/University_of_Idaho) . Throughout her college years, Alison continued to lend their vocals to various small online projects. It was during this time Alison and her sister contributed vocals to a promotional video [4] (#cite_note-4) for the unreleased Yandere Simulator (/wiki/Yandere_Simulator) . As her college years unfolded, Alison began to make a name for herself online. With a distinct fashion sense characterized by her pink hair and monochromatic Harajuku (/wiki/Harajuku) inspired wardrobe, she started posting photos of her unique lifestyle and fashion choices on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) [5] (#cite_note-5) . This move inadvertently led to the growth of a small but dedicated online following, establishing Alison as a social media influencer going by the stage name Kawaiiconic. The trajectory of Kawaiiconic's life took an notable turn when she became the subject of a digital documentary on Truly's (/wiki/Barcroft_TV) (formally known as Barcroft TV) "Hooked on the Look," [6] (#cite_note-6) [1] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=GBu9Bj6Xg98) [ unreliable source? ] [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) offering viewers a closer look at her unique style and the journey that led her to become an active figure in the digital and western Japanese street fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) community. Media Presence and Influencer Career [ edit ] After gaining recognition through the documentary "Hooked on the Look [9] (#cite_note-9) ," Kawaiiconic began working as a social media influencer, collaborating with renowned brands such as Hot Topic (/wiki/Hot_Topic) and Sugar Bear Hair (https://sugarbearpro.com) . Her unique look and interpretation of Harajuku fashion and all pink style earned her the nickname 'the pink icon'. [10] (#cite_note-10) Kawaiiconic's journey continued to unfold in the spotlight, with her story chronicled in additional documentaries. Notably, she was featured in Truly's (/wiki/Barcroft_TV) "Transformed" [11] (#cite_note-11) and was a subject for ZoominTV (/wiki/Zoomin.TV) , further showcasing her unique perspective and pink lifestyle [12] (#cite_note-12) . Kawaiiconic moved to Japan (/wiki/Japan) on April 23, 2021 [2] (https://www.instagram.com/p/COBEM9FrKDx/?igsh=MXh6aGUzdmNnbnZteQ==) [ non-primary source needed ] to pursue an acting and music career [13] (#cite_note-13) . While in Tokyo, she was involved in various small voice acting jobs, as well as playing an extra on the television show 青天を衝(つ)け (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%A4%A9%E3%82%92%E8%A1%9D%E3%81%91) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) to lending her vocal talents to the NHK (/wiki/NHK) television show Eigo de asobo Meets the World (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28289337/) [ unreliable source? ] [16] (#cite_note-16) .Her most notable achievement in Japan was participating Konami (/wiki/Konami) 's BEMANI Pro League (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEMANI_PRO_LEAGUE) tournament as an English language commentator. [3] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=fH2zo0iTM3Y) [ unreliable source? ] [17] (#cite_note-17) Not limited to the screen, Alison collaborated with artist S3RL (/wiki/S3RL) on the song ' Doki Doki ドキドキ ,' [4] (https://open.spotify.com/track/7s3CCbaHw11Xi6PTrdx8qK) [18] (#cite_note-18) contributing both vocals and lyrics. She previously released several singles, the most notable being Roppongi (https://open.spotify.com/track/6qOrQbyDpbbznmKsxZ0Vq6) and Tatemae (https://open.spotify.com/track/7DJRAy9QDSlqlCGhlKdvmS) . This period also marked the beginning of her collaborative efforts with Endigo (/wiki/Endigo) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Kawaiiconic took on the role of stylist for Episode 2 [20] (#cite_note-20) and of Drag Race Sverige (/wiki/Drag_Race_Sverige) , where she designed Endigo's look for the 'Longstocking Extravaganza' maxi challenge. [21] (#cite_note-21) She is currently based in Stockholm, Sweden (/wiki/Stockholm) . Personal Life [ edit ] In 2023, Kawaiiconic announced on Instagram that she is dating Endigo (/wiki/Endigo) . [5] (https://www.instagram.com/p/CrnuRphLun_/?igsh=MTVwc3JqbnE3cHcxZA==) [ non-primary source needed ] Discography [ edit ] Solo Singles [ edit ] Title Release Date Roppongi 1 October 2020 六本木 16 November 2020 He found me 12 November 2020 Ice Candy 22 March 2021 Tatemae 31 August 2021 Chasing Trains 17 February 2023 Featured Artist [ edit ] Title Release Date Doki Doki ドキドキ S3RL (/wiki/S3RL) Feat. Kawaiiconic 27 July 2022 Filmography [ edit ] Television/Radio [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2021 青天を衝(つ)け (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%A4%A9%E3%82%92%E8%A1%9D%E3%81%91) Extra [22] (#cite_note-22) 2022 [6] (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/えいごであそぼ_Meets_the_World) Singer [23] (#cite_note-23) Referenes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The Kawaii Girl Who Only Wears Pink | HOOKED ON THE LOOK , retrieved 2024-03-04 [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A Legacy of Song – Kenaitze Indian Tribe" (https://www.kenaitze.org/a-legacy-of-song/) . www.kenaitze.org . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Teens Make Music Contest Winners Announced | GRAMMY.com" (https://grammy.com/news/teens-make-music-contest-winners-announced) . grammy.com . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Promo Concept , retrieved 2024-03-04 [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fkawaiiconic.ali%2F) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . [ non-primary source needed ] ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hooked on the Look (Documentary), Jessica Alves, Justin Jedlica, Pixee Fox, Barcroft Studios, 2016-05-10 , retrieved 2024-03-05 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mar 2019, Dailymail com Reporter 14:52 12; Mar 2019, updated 15:56 12 (2019-03-12). "Aspiring J-pop singer wears pink every single day" (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-6799493/Aspiring-J-pop-singer-wears-pink-single-day.html) . Mail Online . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) BEREZYUK, OLGA. "Moscow woman is pink with a passion" (https://dailyevergreen.com/74021/culture/moscow-woman-is-pink-with-a-passion/) . The Daily Evergreen . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hooked on the Look (Documentary), Jessica Alves, Justin Jedlica, Pixee Fox, Barcroft Studios, 2016-05-10 , retrieved 2024-03-05 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Los Angeles Downtown News" (https://digitaledition.ladowntownnews.com/html5/reader/production/default.aspx?pubname=&pubid=bbd33b30-d403-49e9-8fa7-ac2f21a3582b) . digitaledition.ladowntownnews.com . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-11) From Kawaii To Kardashian - Will My BF Like My Transformation? | TRANSFORMED , retrieved 2024-03-04 [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-12) "La vida en color: El rosa es su mejor aliado - Vídeo Dailymotion" (https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7ws4hu) . Dailymotion . 2020-10-12 . Retrieved 2024-03-04 . [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-13) Vania (2021-10-23). "Every Day is a Pink Day for Pink Princess Alison Jones!" (https://the-comm.online/blog/every-day-is-a-pink-day-for-pink-princess-alison-jones/) . The COMM . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-14) Seishun ha Tsuduku , Seiten wo Tsuke, Ryô Yoshizawa, Kengo Kôra, Ai Hashimoto, 2021-12-26 , retrieved 2024-03-05 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/reel/CbZ8f3qjCHR/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . [ non-primary source needed ] ^ (#cite_ref-16) 日本放送協会, この色のものは、何でしょう? - えいごであそぼ Meets the World (in Japanese) , retrieved 2024-03-05 ^ (#cite_ref-17) "BEMANI PRO LEAGUE ZERO DanceDanceRevolution" (https://p.eagate.573.jp/game/bpl/season2/ddr/zero/index.html) . BEMANI PRO LEAGUE -SEASON 2- 公式サイト (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) I collab’d with S3RL?! , retrieved 2024-03-05 [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-19) "#79 - Shocking Truth about Teaching in Japan! ft Kawaiiconic.Ali & Endigo" (https://www.audible.com/es_US/podcast/79-Shocking-Truth-about-Teaching-in-Japan-ft-KawaiiconicAli-Endigo/B0CM4VB6JL) . Audible.com (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-20) MARATHON Talent Hunt , Drag Race Sverige, Robert Fux, Farao Groth, Siw Malmkvist, 2023-03-11 , retrieved 2024-03-05 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-21) "MARATHON Talent Hunt - Season 1" (https://www.wowpresentsplus.com/drag-race-sverige/season:1/videos/drs-102) . WOW Presents Plus . Retrieved 2024-03-05 . [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-22) Seishun ha Tsuduku , Seiten wo Tsuke, Ryô Yoshizawa, Kengo Kôra, Ai Hashimoto, 2021-12-26 , retrieved 2024-03-05 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-23) 日本放送協会, 水晶玉に気をつけて! - えいごであそぼ Meets the World (in Japanese) , retrieved 2024-03-05 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5f776947c‐lff9t Cached time: 20240709044958 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.364 seconds Real time usage: 0.438 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2199/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 79529/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11143/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 90791/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.225/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4963618/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 378.283 1 -total 32.98% 124.754 11 Template:Citation 27.97% 105.811 1 Template:Multiple_issues 26.58% 100.564 4 Template:Ambox 17.75% 67.137 6 Template:Fix 15.22% 57.582 14 Template:Unreliable_source_inline 12.66% 47.889 12 Template:Cite_web 9.89% 37.419 1 Template:Fanpov 7.64% 28.916 6 Template:Category_handler 6.19% 23.406 6 Template:Delink Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76262712-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709044958 and revision id 1214380856. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Kawaiiconic&oldid=1214380856 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Kawaiiconic&oldid=1214380856) " Hidden categories: CS1 maint: others (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)) CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)) |
Italian fashion house "D&G" redirects here. For other uses, see D&G (disambiguation) (/wiki/D%26G_(disambiguation)) . "Gabbana" redirects here. For the fashion designer, see Stefano Gabbana (/wiki/Stefano_Gabbana) . Dolce & Gabbana S.R.L. Location on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) , Manhattan Company type Società a responsabilità limitata (/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_a_responsabilit%C3%A0_limitata) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_industry) Design Beauty Real Estate Founded 1985 ; 39 years ago ( 1985 ) Legnano (/wiki/Legnano) , Italy Founders Domenico Dolce (/wiki/Domenico_Dolce) Stefano Gabbana (/wiki/Stefano_Gabbana) Headquarters Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Area served Worldwide Key people Alfonso Dolce (/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_Dolce&action=edit&redlink=1) , CEO Products Fashion - RTW and accessories Watches and Jewelry Design Beauty - fragrance and make-up Food and Beverage Revenue €1.5 billion (2021) [1] (#cite_note-zippia-1) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) €60.5 million [2] (#cite_note-businessinsider-2) Number of employees 3150 (2021) [1] (#cite_note-zippia-1) Website dolcegabbana.com (https://www.dolcegabbana.com/) Dolce & Gabbana ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈdoltʃe (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) e (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ɡabˈbana] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ), [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) also known by initials D&G , is an Italian luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) [5] (#cite_note-Vernon-5) founded in 1985 in Legnano (/wiki/Legnano) by Italian designers Domenico Dolce (/wiki/Domenico_Dolce) and Stefano Gabbana (/wiki/Stefano_Gabbana) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The house specializes in ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) , handbags, accessories, cosmetics, and fragrances and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) for eyewear. [7] (#cite_note-7) History [ edit ] Early history [ edit ] Dolce&Gabbana founders Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana met each other in 1982 while working for Giorgio Corregiari, an Italian fashion brand. Domenico Dolce (/wiki/Domenico_Dolce) was born on August 13, 1958 (/wiki/1958) , in Polizzi Generosa (/wiki/Polizzi_Generosa) , while Stefano Gabbana (/wiki/Stefano_Gabbana) was born on November 14, 1962 (/wiki/1962) , in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . Dolce began designing and making his clothes at the age of six. In 1983, the two established their own design consulting studio, which they named "Dolce & Gabbana". [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) Their first women's collection debuted in 1985 [9] (#cite_note-Givhan2012-9) at the New Talents section of Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , and the following year, they opened their first store in Milan. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) [10] (#cite_note-:4-10) The first meeting between the two happened over the phone when Dolce called the fashion company where Gabbana was working, looking for a job. After being hired by the company, Gabbana took Dolce under his wing and taught him the workings of a fashion company and how to sketch (/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)) new designs. Shortly after Dolce's hiring, Gabbana was drafted for 18 months of civil service at an institution for the mentally ill, but after his return, the two created a design consulting business. [11] (#cite_note-11) The company's 1986 Spring and Summer (SS) collection, titled Geometrissimo was presented alongside other fashion labels. [9] (#cite_note-Givhan2012-9) [12] (#cite_note-BPRT-12) Dolce & Gabbana did not have enough money to hire models or provide them with accessories, so they sought help from their friends. Their friends served as models and wore their personal items to accessorize the clothing. A bed sheet from Dolce's home was used as their stage curtain. [13] (#cite_note-13) In March 1986, Dolce & Gabbana released their first self-produced collection, Donne Vere/Real Women, for the Fall and Winter (FW) 1986/87 season. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) The name of the collection was influenced by the local women who served as models on the runway. [12] (#cite_note-BPRT-12) However, sales were initially disappointing, and Gabbana canceled the fabric order for their second collection. Dolce's family later offered to help with costs during a visit to Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) over Christmas. Incidentally, the fabric company did not receive the cancellation notice in time, and the fabric was ready for them when they returned to Milan. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) In September 1986, Dolce&Gabbana presented the SS 1987 Women's fashion show entitled Trasformismo .Despite working together, they always invoiced separately until an accountant advised them to invoice jointly to simplify things and make the business more cost-effective. The two began invoicing clients under the name Dolce and Gabbana, which became the name of their developing design business. They produced their next collection in 1986 (/wiki/1986) and opened their first store the same year. [14] (#cite_note-14) The fashion house continued to gain recognition, and in 1987, Dolce & Gabbana presented the Women's SS 1988 fashion show, entitled Il Gattopardo/The Leopard line . The following year, they began designing underwear and swimwear, and by 1990, the company was exporting their products to Japan and the United States. In the same year, they launched their first perfume, Dolce&Gabbana Pour Homme and Dolce&Gabbana Pour Femme , produced and distributed by Euroitalia. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) In 1990 the company opened its first women's boutique in Via Sant'Andrea, Milan. [12] (#cite_note-BPRT-12) Michael Gross (/wiki/Michael_Gross_(American_writer)) wrote of their third collection in a 1992 interview, "They were a secret known only to a handful of Italian fashion editors. Their few models changed behind a rickety screen. They called their collection of T-shirt-cotton and elastic-silk pieces, Transformation." The clothing in this collection came with instructions on the seven different ways a piece could be worn in an outfit, as the wearer could use Velcro (/wiki/Velcro) and snaps to alter the clothing's form. [17] (#cite_note-MGNYM-17) Dolce & Gabbana's fourth collection, influenced by Dolce's Sicilian roots, made an impact on the Italian fashion market. In this collection, Dolce drew on his Sicilian roots. The collection's advertising campaign was shot in Sicily by photographer Ferdinando Scianna (/wiki/Ferdinando_Scianna) and featured Dutch model Marpessa Hennink (/wiki/Marpessa_Hennink) in black and white pictures reminiscent of Italian cinema from the 1940s. [18] (#cite_note-italia-18) [19] (#cite_note-clase-19) The brand's use of Italian cinema as a theme continued in their fifth collection, which drew upon the work of filmmaker Luchino Visconti (/wiki/Luchino_Visconti) and his film The Leopard . [12] (#cite_note-BPRT-12) One of the dresses from their fourth collection, called The Sicilian Dress , became iconic for the brand and was named one of the 100 most important dresses ever designed by author Hal Rubenstein. The dress is considered to be the epitome of Dolce & Gabbana's style, with a slip-like silhouette that emphasizes the figure and flares out at the knees to create a swaying motion when walking. [20] (#cite_note-HB-20) Hal Rubenstein described the piece in 2012, writing: "The Sicilian Dress is the essence (/wiki/Essence) of Dolce & Gabbana, the sartorial cornerstone of the brand. The dress takes inspiration from a slip, but it is a slip that adorned Anna Magnani (/wiki/Anna_Magnani) , and it is a silhouette that graced Anita Ekberg (/wiki/Anita_Ekberg) , Sophia Loren (/wiki/Sophia_Loren) , and so on. The straps fit tightly to the body just like those of a bra; the neckline runs straight but is pinned at least twice, once on each side, to caress the two breasts and in the middle to meet an uplifting fold that provides slight support. The slip does not simply fall down but rises at the waist to hold the figure firmly but not too tightly, and then flares out to emphasize the hips, falling slightly tapered at the knees, ensuring the swaying of the hips while walking." [21] (#cite_note-21) 1980s and 1990s [ edit ] In 1987, Dolce & Gabbana launched their first knitwear collection line, [22] (#cite_note-22) and in 1989, they started an underwear and beachwear collection. In the same year, they launched their first women's fashion show in Tokyo and opened their first store in Japan in partnership with Kashiyama Co. [23] (#cite_note-BIOCH-23) In April 1990, they held their first fashion show in New York, started exporting their products to the United States, and founded their own showroom. That same year, Dolce&Gabbana presented the first Men's FW 1990/1991 collection. [24] (#cite_note-VSB-24) The collection features linear-cut garments, characterized by dark and solid shades, such as black, gray and burgundy. The common thread of the collection is the high-waisted trousers, combined with shirts, wool sweaters and blazers. [24] (#cite_note-VSB-24) In 1990 as well, the brand moved the design house into its first official offices. [24] (#cite_note-VSB-24) The company also began to design gowns and other more expensive pieces in addition to their original clothing. [17] (#cite_note-MGNYM-17) Their 1990 Spring/Summer women's collection, featured in the Gli Anni '60 women's fashion show, referenced the mythological painting of Raphael (/wiki/Raphael) , and the duo began to build a reputation for crystal-encrusted clothing. [25] (#cite_note-:9-25) The 1991 Fall/Winter women's collection was also adorned by trinkets, including filigree (/wiki/Filigree) medals and embellished corsets (/wiki/Corset) . The 1992 Fall/Winter women's collection was then inspired by the silver screen of the 1950s, though the collection still included crystal embellished body suits. [25] (#cite_note-:9-25) In 1991, their men's collection won the Woolmark Award for the most innovative men's collection of the year. [23] (#cite_note-BIOCH-23) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) wore a corset made of gemstones and an accompanying jacket from Dolce & Gabbana at the 1991 New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) premiere of Truth or Dare (/wiki/Madonna:_Truth_or_Dare) : In Bed with Madonna, which is considered their first foray into international recognition. The duo partnered with Madonna in 1993 to design over 1500 costumes for the artist's Girlie Show international tour in support of her 1992 album Erotica (/wiki/Erotica_(Madonna_album)) . [24] (#cite_note-VSB-24) In 1994, the house's trademark double-breasted (/wiki/Double-breasted) jacket was named "La Turlington" after model Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) . That same year the company launched the D&G brand, a line produced and distributed by Ittierre, aimed at younger individuals. In 1993, Dolce & Gabbana Pour Femme was awarded the Perfume Academy's 1993 award for best feminine fragrance of the year; Dolce & Gabbana pour Homme , was the recipient of the best masculine fragrance of the year award from the same academy in 1995. [26] (#cite_note-26) They won an "Oscar des Parfums" for best male perfume in 1996 from the French Parfum Academy, the first time ever that the title has been awarded to an Italian brand. Towards the end of the 1990s their sales were around $500 million and in 2003 alone, their revenue reached $633.2 million. In 1990, they launched their first men's collection. [24] (#cite_note-VSB-24) That year, they also moved the design house into its first official offices and began to design gowns and other more expensive pieces in addition to their original clothing. [17] (#cite_note-MGNYM-17) Their 1990 Spring/Summer women's collection referenced the mythological painting of Raphael (/wiki/Raphael) , and the duo began to build a reputation for crystal-encrusted clothing. The 1991 Fall/Winter women's collection was also adorned by trinkets, including filigree (/wiki/Filigree) medals and embellished corsets (/wiki/Corset) . The 1992 Fall/Winter women's collection was then inspired by the silver screen of the 1950s, though the collection still included crystal embellished body suits. [25] (#cite_note-:9-25) In 1993, Dolce & Gabbana Pour Femme was awarded the Perfume Academy's 1993 award for best feminine fragrance of the year; Dolce & Gabbana pour Homme , was the recipient of the best masculine fragrance of the year award from the same academy in 1995. [27] (#cite_note-27) In 1995, the brand presented the SS 1996 Women's fashion show, Le Eolie , featuring garments with leopard and zebra prints. That same year Dolce & Gabbana's collections caused a controversy with the British and Italian press, when they selected the American gangster motif as inspiration for their work. [28] (#cite_note-28) The brand transposed this Fall/Winter 1995 inspiration onto women's wear, which critics stated brought an erotic edge to the clothing. The duo had used the motif before in 1992 when photographer Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) shot an ad campaign for the house in which the models posed in "gangster chic". This included wide-lapelled 1930s style coats and black leather caps. [29] (#cite_note-29) In 1996 the D&G runway show was streamed on the Internet instead of being held on a physical runway, in an experimental move towards new media. That year Dolce & Gabbana also designed the costumes for the film Romeo + Juliet (/wiki/Romeo_%2B_Juliet) . [30] (#cite_note-VGP-30) 2000s [ edit ] Dolce&Gabbana worked with various musical artists in the 2000s, designing costumes for Madonna's Drowned World Tour (/wiki/Drowned_World_Tour) in 2001, Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) , Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , and Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) 's international tours and Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) 's My Love Is Your Love (/wiki/My_Love_Is_Your_Love) tour. [30] (#cite_note-VGP-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) Additionally, they designed costumes for Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) 's Showgirl Homecoming (/wiki/Showgirl_Homecoming) tour and featured Madonna in their 2010 advertising campaigns. [20] (#cite_note-HB-20) During this time, Dolce & Gabbana drew inspiration from the sport of football, and their designs continued to influence trends in both fashion and music. [24] (#cite_note-VSB-24) [33] (#cite_note-33) In 2002, their early corset designs were revived by many European designers as a trend. [34] (#cite_note-34) The brand also began holding private viewings of their new collections for buyers to pre-empt the copying of their designs by fast fashion companies (/wiki/Fast_fashion) . [35] (#cite_note-35) In 2006, the company started a new journey in accessories and leather goods for men and women. In the same year, the brand launched a controversial ad campaign featuring two men kissing, which received criticism from some conservatives. However, the Advertising Standards Authority of Italy did not find the ad unacceptable for broadcast solely based on the depiction of two men kissing. [36] (#cite_note-36) In February 2009, the Dolce&Gabbana makeup line was launched. Dolce & Gabbana created their first makeup in collaboration with make-up artist Pat McGrath (/wiki/Pat_McGrath_(make-up_artist)) . Scarlett Johansson (/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson) appeared as the face of the advertising campaign for this new venture. [37] (#cite_note-37) 2010s [ edit ] Stefano Gabbana (left) and Domenico Dolce (right) in 2016 In 2011, Dolce&Gabbana merged with D&G, with the aim of strengthening the main line. The final independent D&G collection was the Spring/Summer 2012 collection shown in September 2011. [38] (#cite_note-38) The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) publication in 2005 stated that, "Dolce and Gabbana are becoming to the two-thousands what Prada (/wiki/Prada) was to the nineteen-nineties and Armani was to the nineteen-eighties—designers whose sensibility defines the decade." [39] (#cite_note-TNY-39) In terms of personal awards, FHM (/wiki/FHM) named Dolce & Gabbana as the designers of the year in 1996 and 1997. In 2003, GQ Magazine (/wiki/GQ_Magazine) awarded Dolce & Gabbana the title of "Men of the Year". The following year, British Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) readers voted Dolce & Gabbana as the best international designers at the 2004 Elle Style Awards (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards) . [40] (#cite_note-AWD-40) On 19 June 2010, Dolce&Gabbana celebrated the 20th anniversary of their brand at the Piazza della Scala and Palazzo Marino (/wiki/Palazzo_Marino) in Milan. The following day, a public exhibition was held which included a room with several dozen televisions piled haphazardly upon each other, each displaying a different collection from the design house's twenty-year history. [41] (#cite_note-41) In 2019, Dolce & Gabbana extended its size range up to UK 22, making them one of the first luxury fashion houses to move towards body positivity and inclusivity for women. While most luxury fashion houses cater to women of sizes up to UK 16, Dolce & Gabbana took the initiative to extend their size range for greater inclusivity. [42] (#cite_note-42) 2020s [ edit ] In September 2021, Dolce&Gabbana collaborated with UNXD to issue Collezione Genesi NFT , its first non-fungible token (NFT) collection. The collection consisted of nine pieces, including five physical and four digital creations, such as "Glass Suit" and "Impossible Tiara", and was sold for 1,885.719 Ether (equivalent to nearly $5.7 million). This collaboration with UNXD was a significant move towards the incorporation of blockchain technology into the fashion industry, and was widely reported by publications such as Vogue and The New York Times as being one of the first NFT collections created by a major fashion house. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) Dolce&Gabbana collaborated with the British-American designer Harris Reed (/wiki/Harris_Reed) to present Somali model Iman Abdulmajid (/wiki/Iman_Abdulmajid) at the 2021 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) fashion event in New York City. Harris Reed stated that fashion has a responsibility to spark conversation around social injustices. Iman, who faced institutional racism as a model, and founded a cosmetics line for women of color in 1994, was seen as an ideal collaborator to create a statement on the red carpet. [45] (#cite_note-45) In 2022, Dolce&Gabbana teamed up with American celebrity Kim Kardashian to produce the Ciao Kim collection. [46] (#cite_note-46) The collection predominantly showcased black, white, and silver clothing with embellishments such as lace, crystals, and leopard prints. [47] (#cite_note-47) Later, in February 2023, Kim Kardashian was introduced as the face of D&G's Spring/Summer 2023 collection in campaign photos shot by Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott (/wiki/Mert_and_Marcus) . [48] (#cite_note-48) Dolce&Gabbana has a history of co-branding with various Italian companies such a Baci Perugina [49] (#cite_note-49) Fiasconaro [50] (#cite_note-name-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) Murano glass company, Barovier & Toso, Mian, I Dogi, Venini, Barbini, Salviati, and Tessiture Bevilacqua, among others. [52] (#cite_note-dgvogue-52) These collaborations have been an integral part of the brand's marketing strategy for many years. In 2023, Dolce&Gabbana won the Craft and Artisanship Award at the CNMI Sustainable Fashion Awards. [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) Brand extensions [ edit ] A pair of Dolce & Gabbana's Golden Sneakers Dolce & Gabbana operated two distinct lines, D&G and Dolce&Gabbana, until 2011, when the lines merged under the label Dolce & Gabbana. Dolce&Gabbana [ edit ] Dolce&Gabbana (spelled without spaces, unlike the name of the company) is a luxury fashion brand that draws inspiration from high-end designs and specializes in timeless and formal products that respond to both long-term trends and seasonal changes. [55] (#cite_note-AAB-55) In 2010, the brand announced a collaboration with American singer Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) to create a collection of sunglasses named MDG, which was released in May of that year. [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) In addition to fashion items, Dolce&Gabbana offers fragrances for both men and women, with one example being 'The One' perfume. D&G [ edit ] D&G was a fashion diffusion line (/wiki/Diffusion_line) of Dolce&Gabbana, characterized by a youthful and expressive design philosophy. Unlike Dolce&Gabbana, which primarily focused on clothing, D&G also offered watches produced by Naloni and Binda Group (/wiki/Binda_Group) . However, in 2011, Dolce&Gabbana made a strategic decision to discontinue the D&G line in order to prioritize the growth of their other collections. This was done to concentrate "more strength and energy" towards their main line. [58] (#cite_note-NY_Mag-58) Other product lines [ edit ] Bridal collection [ edit ] Dolce&Gabbana has diversified its offerings over the years with a range of products. In 1992, they created a bridal collection, which was discontinued in 1998. Underwear and Beachwear [ edit ] The first women's beachwear collection was developed in 1989, followed by the first men's beachwear collection in 1992. In 2000, D&G launched both a men's and women's underwear collection, separate from their Dolce & Gabbana lingerie collection. Eyewear [ edit ] D&G launched an eyewear line in 1998 and a timepieces line in 2000. Junior Collection [ edit ] In 2001 they launched the D&G Junior line for children. Anamalier collection [ edit ] In 2006 the duo launched the Anamalier line of leopard print accessories for women, and in 2007 they launched a line of crocodile (/wiki/Crocodile) travel cases for men. Other bags produced by the house include the Miss Sicily tote bag, [59] (#cite_note-59) and the "Dolce" bag, offered in straw and leather. [60] (#cite_note-60) Cosmetics [ edit ] In 2009, they launched their first line of color cosmetics, [61] (#cite_note-DGGH-61) with Scarlett Johansson (/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson) as the face of the advertising campaign. [62] (#cite_note-Scarl-62) Jewelry [ edit ] Dolce & Gabbana launched its first line of fine jewellery in late 2011 with an 80-piece line including bejewelled rosaries, charm bracelets, and necklaces. [63] (#cite_note-63) They later launched a fine jewellery collection for men. [64] (#cite_note-64) Perfume [ edit ] Dolce & Gabbana have received several awards for their fragrances, as was described in the above sections. Their current fragrances include: "The One", "Sport", " Light Blue (/wiki/Light_Blue_(fragrance)) ", "Dolce", "Classic", "Sicily", "The One Rose", and the original scents "Pour Homme" and "Parfum". [65] (#cite_note-65) On 16 October 2014, the company announced that Colin Farrell (/wiki/Colin_Farrell) would be the face of their new fragrance called "Intenso." [66] (#cite_note-66) Alta Moda [ edit ] This section is in list (/wiki/MOS:LIST) format but may read better as prose (/wiki/MOS:PROSE) . You can help by converting this section (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolce_%26_Gabbana&action=edit) , if appropriate. Editing help (/wiki/Help:Editing) is available. ( September 2022 ) Alta Moda was launched in 2012, inspired by Giovanni Battista Giorgini (/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Giorgini) 's efforts to promote Italian fashion and Made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) brands abroad. Over the years, the concept behind the project's idea of couture was to pay a tribute to the Italian domestic artisanship in all its expressions and to its tailoring tradition. Since its first runway show, Dolce&Gabbana has presented new collections at Italian landmarks such as Teatro alla Scala (/wiki/Teatro_alla_Scala) in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Piazza San Marco (/wiki/Piazza_San_Marco) in Venice (/wiki/Venice) or Temple of Concordia, Agrigento (/wiki/Temple_of_Concordia,_Agrigento) . [67] (#cite_note-leitchvogue-67) The main lines of the Alta Moda: Alta Moda – Women's line Alta Sartoria – Men's line Alta Gioielleria – Men's and Women's line Alta Orologeria – Men's and Women's line Timeline [ edit ] July 2012 – Taormina. The first Dolce & Gabbana Alta Moda presentation takes place in Taormina (/wiki/Taormina) , Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) , and consists of 73 designs that highlighted the Italian artisanship. The show began with a launch of Bellini's Bel Canto opera Norma in the ancient Roman amphitheater, followed by the event next day in the former monastery of San Domenico. [68] (#cite_note-68) The first autumn/winter collection was made in keeping with the traditions of Sicilian historical periods, including modern adaptation of Luchino Visconti (/wiki/Luchino_Visconti) 's The Leopard (1963 film) (/wiki/The_Leopard) radiating the changes in Sicilian life and society during the Risorgimento (/wiki/Risorgimento) . [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) 2013 – Milan/Venice. Dolce&Gabbana presents its first Alta Moda in Milan. The Collection was influenced by the symbols of the city. [71] (#cite_note-71) Dolce&Gabbana presented its third Alta Moda Collection in the frescoed halls of the historic Palazzo Barbaro in Venice overlooking the Grand Canal. The collection event was in part influenced by Byzantine and Venetian cathedral mosaics. The fashion show was followed by a masked ball inside another historic Venetian palace - Palazzo Pisani Moretta. [72] (#cite_note-72) 2014 – Milan/Capri. Impressionist and Modern Art Collections were demonstrated in La Scala, Milan's 18th-century opera house with the flower style designs. Dolce&Gabbana presented the Alta Moda Collection on the island of Capri. [73] (#cite_note-73) 2015 – Milan/Portofin. Dolce&Gabbana presented the Alta Moda Collection in the Toscanini foyer of Teatro alla Scala . Alta Sartoria and Alta Gioielleria Collection amplified couture line for men and women upheld in the Palazzo Labus, a 17th-century building in Corso Venezia, [67] (#cite_note-leitchvogue-67) [74] (#cite_note-74) followed by the new Alta Moda, Alta Sartoria and Alta Gioielleria Collections during a 4-day event in Portofino in July. The Portofino collection was influenced by William Shakespeare (/wiki/William_Shakespeare) 's A Midsummer Night's Dream (/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream) and became one of the designers' biggest productions with 94 models and 80 performers taking part in the show. [75] (#cite_note-75) [76] (#cite_note-76) [77] (#cite_note-77) 2016 – Milan/Naples. Alta Moda in Milan was dedicated to Elvira Leonardi Bouyeure (/wiki/Elvira_Leonardi_Bouyeure) , a notable Italian fashion designer and couturier of the post-war period who lived in the same city. The events started with the presentation of the Alta Gioielleria inside the Alta Moda Salons of Via Senato. The following day, the historic Palazzo Labus hosted the Alta Sartoria fashion show. The collection included lines for men and women as well as "molto Italiano" - Alta Moda jewellery craftsmanship that reflected historic art influence, such as painted vistas of Venice. Milan's La Scala was the stage of the Alta Moda show: the clothes were influenced by the heroines of the operas of the composer Giacomo Puccini (/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini) . [78] (#cite_note-78) [79] (#cite_note-79) Villa Pignatelli was the location for the presentation of the new Alta Gioielleria creations and Castel dell'Ovo was the setting for the Alta Sartoria fashion show. [80] (#cite_note-80) 2017 – Milan/Palermo. Alta Moda Milan fashion show took place inside the laboratories of Teatro alla Scala in Milan, former Ansaldo steelworks. The Alta Gioielleria creations were presented inside the Alta Moda Salons in Via Senato while, the stage of Teatro alla Scala hosted the Alta Sartoria fashion show; the collection was entirely dedicated to the Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi (/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi) and his masterpieces. During the Men's show, were presented the first four examples of Alta Orologeria. [81] (#cite_note-81) [82] (#cite_note-82) April 2017 – Tokyo, Japan and Beijing, China. On April 13, Dolce & Gabbana presented its Alta Moda womenswear and Alta Sartoria menswear collections at the National Museum of Tokyo, a tribute to the Japanese culture and Italian tradition: Asian engravings and references to Renaissance painting, oriental and Baroque styles. [83] (#cite_note-83) One week later, the Peninsula Hotel in Beijing hosted the Ode to China Alta Moda and Alta Sartoria fashion show dedicated to the Chinese arts culture. [84] (#cite_note-84) July 2017 – Palermo. Alta Moda Palermo was held in Pretoria Square in the historical center of Palermo. Palazzo Gangi hosted the presentation of the new Women's Alta Gioielleria creations; for the first time, a Collection of Men's Alta Gioielleria pieces were showcased at Palazzo Mazzarino. The Alta Moda looks illuminated Piazza Pretoria, while the setting for the Alta Sartoria fashion show was the Cathedral of Monreale (/wiki/Monreale_Cathedral) . [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) April 2018 – New York, USA and Mexico City, Mexico. Dolce&Gabbana brought the Grand Tour to New York, where the 4-day events opened with the presentation of the Alta Gioielleria Collection, hosted by Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) at the New York Public Library (/wiki/New_York_Public_Library) , where she auctioned off Dolce & Gabbana jewelry and her dress for charity, and fashion shows featuring iconic New York landmarks and supermodels like Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) and Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) . [87] (#cite_note-87) The Alta Sartoria fashion show took place at the Rainbow Room of Rockefeller Center and the Alta Moda show was staged at the Metropolitan Opera House. [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-89) A few days after the events in New York, Dolce & Gabbana showcased their Alta Moda collection in Mexico City on April 18. [90] (#cite_note-:42-90) The collection, inspired by Mexican culture, blended elements like rebozos, vibrant colors, and Frida Kahlo (/wiki/Frida_Kahlo) -inspired hairstyles with the brand's signature Baroque style. The runway event took place at the Soumaya Museum (/wiki/Museo_Soumaya) and featured Mexican influencers such as Juan Pablo Zurita, Diego Boneta, and Mariana Zaragoza, highlighting Mexico's growing influence in the fashion industry. [90] (#cite_note-:42-90) [91] (#cite_note-91) 2018 – Como/Milan. In 2018, the show was held on the shores of the lake Como. The presentation of the new Alta Gioielleria creations was held on the Steamship Concordia sailing towards Bellagio. The Alta Moda show took place at the Teresio Olivelli Park in Tremezzina. The collection was a tribute to the first historical novel of Italian literature, The Betrothed. Villa Carlotta was the location for the Alta Sartoria show. [92] (#cite_note-92) Among the top models who presented Alta Moda collection were Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Eva Herzigova (/wiki/Eva_Herzigova) and Helena Christensen (/wiki/Helena_Christensen) . [93] (#cite_note-93) [94] (#cite_note-94) 2019 – Agrigento/Milan. Alta Moda 2019 was first held in Agrigento, a city on the southern coast of Sicily with more than 400 guests visiting the show. The main event was the womenswear show Alta Moda. Another collection - the Alta Gioielleria - took place in a nearby town of Palma di Montechiaro (/wiki/Palma_di_Montechiaro) , the birthplace of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (/wiki/Giuseppe_Tomasi_di_Lampedusa) . [95] (#cite_note-95) [96] (#cite_note-96) The event that took place in December 2019 in Milan featured a new menswear collection, which was held in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, a landmark historical library founded in 1609 by Milan's Archbishop, Cardinal Borromeo. [97] (#cite_note-97) 2020 – Florence. Due to COVID-19, Dolce & Gabbana held two online summer shows of Alta Moda in July 2020. [98] (#cite_note-98) There was also a single live three day event that happened in September 2020, while Alta Moda and Alta Sartoria were also presented online. The menswear collection Dolce & Gabbana Alta Sartoria was housed in the 12th-century Palazzo Vecchio and included such items as brocade velvet blazers, silk blouses and jewel-caked slippers. [99] (#cite_note-99) [100] (#cite_note-100) 2021 – Venice. In 2021, the show celebrated the 1600th anniversary of Venice (/wiki/Venice) founding in 421 AD. The event was run in several historical places of Venice: the Doge's Palace (/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace) , the Venetian Arsenal (/wiki/Venetian_Arsenal) , and the Rialto Bridge (/wiki/Rialto_Bridge) while the models were brought to the runways by gondolas (/wiki/Gondola) . [101] (#cite_note-101) [102] (#cite_note-102) 2022 - Dolce & Gabbana commemorated the 10th Anniversary of Alta Moda with a series of festivities that spanned four days and were hosted at various venues in Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) , Italy. [103] (#cite_note-103) [104] (#cite_note-:10-104) The highlight of the celebrations was the Alta Moda Women's show in Syracuse (/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily) which was attended by numerous prominent figures, including Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) , Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) , Ellen Pompeo (/wiki/Ellen_Pompeo) , among others. [104] (#cite_note-:10-104) 2022 - Dolce & Gabbana hosted an Alta Moda/Casa Miami Takeover in late November and early December, emphasizing fashion, watchmaking, jewelry, interiors, and Latin culture. [ citation needed ] The event took place at the Miami Surf Club. [105] (#cite_note-105) The annual Alta Moda event, initiated in Taormina in 2012, showcases the fatto a mano tradition, emphasizing handcrafted clothing. In Miami, 100 hand-made looks were presented, created by teams spanning different generations. [ citation needed ] July 2023, Dolce&Gabbana chose the Valle d'Itria, Apulia, for the annual Alta Moda events. The Alta Moda collection was presented in the streets of Alberobello, while the Alta Moda collection was shown in Ostuni. [106] (#cite_note-106) The creations of the Alta Gioielleria Collection were showcased in the Spazio Ulivi Pettolecchia; on the occasion of the event, Dolce&Gabbana Alta Gioielleria: Masterpieces of High Jewellery , a book edited by Carol Woolton, was unveiled. [107] (#cite_note-107) Dolce&Gabbana Casa Furnishings and Furnishing Accessories [ edit ] The Dolce & Gabbana Home Collection, launched in 1994, was discontinued in 1999, except for unique pieces created for D&G premises. In August 2021, Dolce&Gabbana introduced its first Casa furnishings and furnishing accessories collection, which was previewed in Venice during the Alta Moda events. The collection presented four themes: Leo, Zebra, Blu Mediterraneo, and Carretto, featuring a variety of furniture and interior accessories such as table ornaments, chandeliers, cabinetry, textiles, and other home decor items. [108] (#cite_note-108) The Casa brand's products were created through collaborations with Italian artisans, including Venetian furniture experts such as Barovier & Toso, Mian, I Dogi, Venini, Barbini, Salviati, and Tessiture Bevilacqua, who provided their procedural knowledge to the company. As of March 2022, the Casa brand collection was mainly available online. [52] (#cite_note-dgvogue-52) Collaborations [ edit ] Sports [ edit ] Since 2004, Dolce&Gabbana has collaborated with A.C. Milan (/wiki/A.C._Milan) to design their on-field attire. [109] (#cite_note-109) Additionally, A.C. Milan players wear team-issued Dolce & Gabbana clothing for official functions off the field. [110] (#cite_note-110) The brand also created off-field suits for the Italy national football team (/wiki/Italy_national_football_team) . [111] (#cite_note-111) In 2010, a three-year agreement was reached between Dolce&Gabbana and Chelsea F.C. (/wiki/Chelsea_F.C.) to provide the club's on- and off-field uniforms and attire, including outfits for female staff members. The deal included the creation of clothing for female staff members in addition to male staff members and the players themselves. The off-field outfits consisted of a dark blue suit with the lion symbol on the breast pocket. In addition, the designers revamped the club's director's lounge and main office reception area. [112] (#cite_note-112) Dolce&Gabbana also served as sponsors for the Milano Thunder Italian Boxing Team. [113] (#cite_note-113) Products [ edit ] In 2006, Dolce&Gabbana entered into an agreement with Motorola (/wiki/Motorola) , to produce the Motorola V3i Dolce & Gabbana cellular phone (/wiki/Motorola_RAZR) . [114] (#cite_note-114) Later, in 2009, the company collaborated with Sony Ericsson (/wiki/Sony_Mobile_Communications) to produce a version of its Jalou cellular phone (/wiki/Mobile_phone) line that featured 24-karat gold (/wiki/Gold#Jewelry) detailing and the D&G logo. [115] (#cite_note-115) The company also entered a co-design partnership with Citroën (/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn) to produce a version of their C3 Pluriel vehicle (/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_C3) . [116] (#cite_note-116) In 2010, the brand partnered with Martini (/wiki/Martini_(vermouth)) to release a "gold edition" of its vermouth. [117] (#cite_note-117) In the same year, Dolce & Gabbana collaborated with singer Madonna to launch a line of co-designed sunglasses known as MDG. [118] (#cite_note-118) Kitchen appliances and food products [ edit ] The collaboration between Dolce & Gabbana and Smeg (/wiki/Smeg_(appliances)) , established in 2016, combines Italian fashion design with appliance manufacturing to create a range of kitchen appliances. [119] (#cite_note-:11-119) The "Sicily is My Love" collection, features products such as refrigerators, ranges, and small appliances adorned with illustrations reflective of Italian culture and Sicilian themes. The designs are categorized into two themes: Sicilian puppet theater and motifs inspired by Mount Etna and Greek ruins. Initially introduced at Milan Design Week, the collection has expanded over time, with new items launched in 2019. [119] (#cite_note-:11-119) [120] (#cite_note-120) The brand also launched the Dolce&Gabbana Perfetto Coffee, coffee product and tin set designed by Dolce & Gabbana, in collaboration with Italian stovetop coffee company, Bialetti (/wiki/Bialetti) . [121] (#cite_note-121) Starting in 2021, Dolce&Gabbana collaborated with Sicilian dessert maker, Fiasconaro, to produce a line of Christmas panettone (/wiki/Panettone) pastries wrapped in colorful tins and D&G gift bags. [122] (#cite_note-122) With Donnafugata, the brand decided to create Rosa, a new brand of rose wine. [123] (#cite_note-123) Italian chocolate maker, Baci Perugina, for its part, collaborated with Dolce & Gabbana in manufacturing chocolate pralines (/wiki/Praline_(nut_confection)) called Dolce Vita. [124] (#cite_note-124) Fashion Designers supported by D&G [ edit ] Miss Sohee [ edit ] Sohee Park (/wiki/Sohee_Park) , often referred to as Miss Sohee, is a South Korean designer based in London and a graduate of Central Saint Martins. [125] (#cite_note-:6-125) She is known for her demi-couture designs characterized by distinctive shapes and meticulous details. [125] (#cite_note-:6-125) [126] (#cite_note-:7-126) In December 2021, Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana announced a collaboration with Park for the Fall/Winter 2022 Milan Fashion Week. [126] (#cite_note-:7-126) This partnership underscored the alignment of Park's design approach with Dolce & Gabbana's aesthetic values. Before establishing her own label, Miss Sohee interned at notable brands, including Marc Jacobs and Molly Goddard. [125] (#cite_note-:6-125) Her debut collection, "The Girl In Full Bloom," received attention, with select pieces featured in publications like Vogue and Vanity Fair. [126] (#cite_note-:7-126) Maty Bovan [ edit ] British designer Matty Bovan showcased his collection at Milan Fashion Week, marking his debut on the Italian schedule, thanks to the sponsorship of Dolce & Gabbana (D&G). [127] (#cite_note-127) After discovering Bovan's work on Instagram, Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana provided him with financial support, design team assistance, and access to their archives. [128] (#cite_note-:8-128) The collection fused Bovan's unique prismatic knitwear and hand-painted fabrics with D&G's signature elements like corsets. [128] (#cite_note-:8-128) A significant portion of the collection was crafted in Yorkshire by local artisans, emphasizing Bovan's commitment to handcrafted designs with energy and soul. [128] (#cite_note-:8-128) This collaboration is one of several recent initiatives by D&G to support emerging talents and bolster its brand image, following controversies. Bovan's collaboration with D&G highlighted the synergy between the craft-focused approaches of both entities, with many pieces reflecting a blend of both their styles. [129] (#cite_note-129) Bovan, a Central Saint Martins graduate, has been recognized for his innovation in fashion and has recently gained the attention and support of established brands. [130] (#cite_note-130) Tomo Koizumi [ edit ] Dolce & Gabbana collaborated with Japanese designer Tomo Koizumi, known for his vibrant and sculptural designs, as part of their ongoing support for emerging talent. [131] (#cite_note-131) Koizumi, who launched his brand in Tokyo in 2011, has dressed celebrities like Lady Gaga and was a finalist for the LVMH Prize. [132] (#cite_note-132) [133] (#cite_note-:5-133) In this collaboration, Koizumi integrated Dolce & Gabbana's renowned Carretto print into his designs, merging his unique aesthetic with the brand's iconic patterns. Despite the collection's acclaim, Koizumi highlighted that his designs are primarily artistic expressions and not intended for commercial production. [133] (#cite_note-:5-133) Advertising campaign [ edit ] The debut commercial for Dolce&Gabbana's first women's fragrance, starring Monica Bellucci (/wiki/Monica_Bellucci) and directed by Giuseppe Tornatore (/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore) , ran for several years in Italy. Set to the score of Ennio Morricone (/wiki/Ennio_Morricone) , the 30-second ad showcases different women going about their daily lives, with Bellucci changing into a vintage-style bathing suit behind a white sheet held up by two women. She then throws her bra on a cactus, and walks towards the ocean. In another scene, she is lying on a bed while a man stands outside her window holding her bra to his nose. The commercial ends with a shot of the fragrance bottles against a black backdrop. [134] (#cite_note-134) In 2003, Giuseppe Tornatore directed another commercial for the Dolce & Gabbana perfume Sicily, which was set at a Sicilian funeral. [135] (#cite_note-135) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) starred in the 2006 commercial for the fragrance "The One". The ad shows her getting ready in front of a vanity mirror, with flashes of paparazzi cameras appearing throughout. She then puts on a golden dress, shoes, and a pair of D&G sunglasses. [136] (#cite_note-136) Dolce&Gabbana has worked with numerous photographers and filmmakers on their advertising campaigns, including Giampaolo Barbieri, [137] (#cite_note-137) Michel Comte, [138] (#cite_note-138) Fabrizio Ferri, [139] (#cite_note-139) Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) , [140] (#cite_note-140) [141] (#cite_note-141) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) , [142] (#cite_note-142) Mert + Marcus, [143] (#cite_note-143) Jean Baptiste Mondino (/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Mondino) , [62] (#cite_note-Scarl-62) Ferdinando Scianna, [144] (#cite_note-144) Giampaolo Sgura, [145] (#cite_note-145) Mario Sorrenti (/wiki/Mario_Sorrenti) , [146] (#cite_note-146) Sølve Sundsbø, [147] (#cite_note-147) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) , [148] (#cite_note-148) Giuseppe Tornatore, and Mariano Vivanco (/wiki/Mariano_Vivanco) . [149] (#cite_note-149) he design house has won two Leadawards for their campaigns, one in 2004 for their Fall/Winter 2003/04 campaign, [150] (#cite_note-150) and another in 2006 for their Fall/Winter 2005/06 campaign. [151] (#cite_note-151) Inspirations and style [ edit ] The Dolce & Gabbana store of Via della Spiga (/wiki/Via_della_Spiga) in Milan (/wiki/Milan) Dolce & Gabbana's style is influenced by Italy's film history and thrift shop (/wiki/Charity_shop) bohemian (/wiki/Bohemian_style) style, resulting in deeply coloured and animal print (/wiki/Animal_print) designs that have been described as "haute hippy dom." According to Domenico Dolce, the duo designs clothes to tell a story, similar to making a movie. Creating the most flattering clothes is their priority over setting fashion trends, and they have stated that they would not mind if their only contribution to fashion history was a black bra. The designers strongly identify with Sicilian culture and consider it their most important source of style and inspiration (Dolce & Gabbana 2007).The designers strongly identify with Sicilian culture and consider it their most important source of style and inspiration. Dolce & Gabbana is known for trademark styles such underwear-as-outerwear (/wiki/Underwear-as-outerwear) corsets and bra fastenings gangster boss pinstripe (/wiki/Pinstripes) suits, and extravagantly printed coats. Their feminine collections are backed by powerful ad campaigns, such as the iconic black-and-white ads featuring model Marpessa photographed by Ferdinando Scianna in 1987. The duo's designs are celebrated for their ability to flatter and enhance the female form, with Isabella Rossellini recalling how even their most modest designs, like a white shirt, were cut to make her look alluring. In 1996, Dolce & Gabbana ventured into the music industry by recording their own single, which featured the phrase "D&G is love" over a techno beat. The pair were once called the "Gilbert and George of Italian fashion." [152] (#cite_note-AAA-152) Although relatively new to the fashion industry compared to Italian giants such as Armani (/wiki/Armani) and Versace (/wiki/Versace) , the designers attribute their incredible success in part to luck. Dolce & Gabbana discovered a painting by a Venetian artist of Christ on the cross wearing their branded underwear briefs at the Venice Biennale. They commissioned the artist to paint their portrait, with the Madonna resembling pop icon Madonna Ciccone (/wiki/Madonna) and the courtiers depicted as two putti at her feet. [153] (#cite_note-153) [154] (#cite_note-154) In January 2016, the design house launched a high-end fashion line aimed at affluent Muslim women, featuring a collection of hijabs and abayas printed with daisies, lemons, and roses. [155] (#cite_note-155) Books [ edit ] In addition to designing clothing, Dolce & Gabbana have co-authored nearly two dozen books featuring photographic narratives as well as collections of their own work. The proceeds of many of these books go to charities including the Children's Action Network and the Butterfly Onlus "école sans frontières" Foundation. [61] (#cite_note-DGGH-61) The following is a bibliography of their literary works: 1996 - 10 Anni Dolce & Gabbana (A collection of the most important advertising and editorial images of the design house's first decade) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8878135789 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8878135789) [156] (#cite_note-156) 1997 - Wildness ASIN (/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number) B000KW5O5O (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000KW5O5O) [157] (#cite_note-157) 1998 - Animal ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0789204394 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0789204394) [158] (#cite_note-158) 2003 - Hollywood (Features over 100 photographs of the movie stars from the post-1985 era) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2843235269 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2843235269) [159] (#cite_note-159) Calcio (Photographs of 44 soccer players, 3 teams, and 2 coaches) [160] (#cite_note-160) A.C. Milan [161] (#cite_note-161) 2004 - Music (Features over 150 of globally recognised musicians) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2843234606 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2843234606) [162] (#cite_note-162) 20 Years Dolce & Gabbana (A chronological photographic history of each of the house's collections, using over 1000 photos) [61] (#cite_note-DGGH-61) 2006 - Milan ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8837044381 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8837044381) [163] (#cite_note-163) 2006 Italia (A book celebrating the 2006 World Cup title won by Italy) [164] (#cite_note-164) 2006 - Fashion Album (Contains over 400 images paying homage to the great fashion photographers of Dolce & Gabbana collections) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8876248498 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8876248498) [165] (#cite_note-165) 2007 - Secret Ceremony ASIN (/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number) B001X6NJLW (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001X6NJLW) [166] (#cite_note-166) Family (A book that focuses on the family as the center of a man's life) [61] (#cite_note-DGGH-61) The Good Shepherd (A book that illustrates the day of a common shephard, wearing Dolce & Gabbana clothing) [167] (#cite_note-167) Milano Beach Soccer [61] (#cite_note-DGGH-61) 2008 - Diamonds & Pearls ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8837057497 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8837057497) [168] (#cite_note-168) 2010 - 20 Years of Dolce & Gabbana for Men ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8837077037 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8837077037) [169] (#cite_note-169) 2011 - Icons 1990–2010 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8837079642 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8837079642) [170] (#cite_note-170) 2011 - Fashion Shows 1990 – 2010 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8837079635 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8837079635) [171] (#cite_note-171) Nazionale Italiana: South Africa 2010 (A series of images starring the Italy National Football Team during the training sessions preceding the 2010 FIFA World Cup (/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup) ) [172] (#cite_note-172) 2011 - Uomini ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0847837007 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847837007) [173] (#cite_note-173) [174] (#cite_note-174) Milan Fashion Soccer Players Portraits [175] (#cite_note-175) 2011 - David Gandy (A 280-page photographic coffee table book of images chronicling collaborations with British model David Gandy (/wiki/David_Gandy) from 2006 to 2011) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0847837526 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847837526) [176] (#cite_note-176) 2012 - Campioni ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0847840212 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847840212) [177] (#cite_note-177) 2013 - Lionel Andres Messi ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0847841677 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847841677) 2016 - Lin Dan ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0847847204 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0847847204) 2017 - Generations: Millennials: The New Renaissance ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8891815972 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8891815972) 2023 - Dolce&Gabbana Alta Gioielleria: Masterpieces of High Jewellery , edited by Carol Woolton ISBN 978-8891836946 2023 - Nero: The Color of Dolce&Gabbana ISBN 978-8891839039 Spaces and exhibitions [ edit ] Dolce&Gabbana established La sede di via San Damiano atelier in September 1995, followed by the Lo showroom di via Goldoni , a seven-floor boutique and corporate space in 2002. They moved from their previous main showroom at Piazza Umanitaria to this new location. In July 2006, they opened another 5,000 square foot show floor at Lo showroom di via Broggi in Milan. The fashion house also purchased the Il Metropol theatre, a historic cinema in Milan built in the 1940s, which underwent renovation and was reopened in September 2005. [61] (#cite_note-DGGH-61) n 2006, Dolce & Gabbana inaugurated IL GOLD, an establishment with café, bar, bistro, and restaurant areas. Additionally, they opened the Martini Bar (/wiki/Martini_(vermouth)) , a co-sponsored drinking establishment at their Milanese men's showroom in 2003, [30] (#cite_note-VGP-30) followed by another Martini Bar at their Shanghai showroom in 2006. [61] (#cite_note-DGGH-61) s of 2009, Dolce&Gabbana had 93 boutiques and 11 factory outlets and were sold in over 80 countries, with a total of 251 mono-brand stores. [178] (#cite_note-178) In the United States, standalone boutiques can be found in Bal Harbour (/wiki/Bal_Harbour,_Florida) , Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) , Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , and New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , with boutiques in select department stores such as Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , and Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) . Apart from developing runway shows and advertising campaigns for its collections, Dolce & Gabbana uses its spaces to host photography and art exhibitions. After the opening of the Il Metropol, they hosted two exhibitions by artist Ron Arad in the lobby space: Blo-Glo between April 2006 and April 2007, [179] (#cite_note-179) and Bodyguards in late April 2007. [180] (#cite_note-180) The brand also held photography exhibitions featuring the work of Enzo Sellerio (/wiki/Enzo_Sellerio) in 2007 and Herbert List (/wiki/Herbert_List) in 2008. [181] (#cite_note-181) In 2011, Dolce & Gabbana hosted an open house and architectural exhibition with Studio Piuarch, showcasing the studio's various architectural designs and projects since 1996. [182] (#cite_note-182) Studio Piuarch built the Dolce & Gabbana headquarters in 2006, where the exhibition and open house were held. [183] (#cite_note-183) Dolce & Gabbana also uses its spaces for book launches and photographic exhibitions of its own clothing, such as the book launch of their book David Gandy in 2011. [184] (#cite_note-184) dditionally, they use other spaces, such as the Palazzo della Ragione (/wiki/Palazzo_della_Ragione,_Padua) in Milan, where they held a photographic exhibition of over 100 images selected from the history of US Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) over its 90-year history in May 2009. The exhibition was called Extreme Beauty in Vogue . [185] (#cite_note-185) [186] (#cite_note-186) The company has production factories in Legnano (/wiki/Legnano) [187] (#cite_note-187) and Incisa in Val d'Arno (/wiki/Incisa_in_Val_d%27Arno) . [188] (#cite_note-188) Sustainability Advocacy [ edit ] In January 2022, Dolce & Gabbana announced their decision to prohibit the use of animal fur in their products, aligning with a growing trend in the fashion industry. [189] (#cite_note-189) Rather than using real fur, the company will collaborate with fur artisans to create sustainable faux fur alternatives and incorporate recycled materials in their designs. [190] (#cite_note-190) The Humane Society of the U.S. and Humane Society International partnered with Dolce & Gabbana in making this announcement. [191] (#cite_note-191) Additionally, Dolce & Gabbana co-founded the Re.Crea Competition in August 2022, alongside other major fashion companies, to address textile waste management and promote research and development in the area recycling, in line with European directives on Extended Producer Responsibility for Textile Waste. [192] (#cite_note-192) Controversies [ edit ] Advertising [ edit ] Following complaints from consumer groups in February 2007, Dolce & Gabbana pulled an advertisement in Spain that showed a man holding a woman to the ground by her wrists while a group of men look on. Spain's Labour and Social Affairs Ministry branded the campaign as illegal and humiliating to women, saying the woman's body position had no relation to the products Dolce & Gabbana was trying to sell. Italian publications followed suit, banning the ad. According to Debonair Magazine, «this Dolce & Gabbana advertisement has been criticized as a glorification of gang-rape. While one can never be sure of D&G's true intent, the company's penchant is for controversy.» [193] (#cite_note-193) When asked about the ad being banned in Spain, Dolce & Gabbana responded that the "Spaniards were a bit backward." [194] (#cite_note-:0-194) According to The Huffington Post UK , feminist writer Louise Pennington also commented on the image. She stated that, "This particular image is a representative of an increasingly misogynistic contraction of women in the fashion industry demonstrating very clear links between the fashion-beauty industry and the mainstreaming of pornography. Those who suggest this image is harmless fail to recognize the reality of rape culture and the dehumanization of women's bodies in our pornographic mainstream media." [195] (#cite_note-195) Hong Kong photography ban [ edit ] One of the four streets blocked during the Sunday protest On January 5, 2012, it was reported that Hong Kong residents had been prevented from taking pictures of Dolce & Gabbana window displays in both their Hong Kong stores. In particular staff and security personnel at their flagship store on Canton Road (/wiki/Canton_Road) asserted the pavement area outside was private property where photography was forbidden. The actions sparked protests spanning several days and gained international news coverage on 8 January. [196] (#cite_note-196) [197] (#cite_note-197) Citing the case of Zhou Jiugeng, a Nanjing official whose high-living lifestyle was identified by mainland Chinese internet users using photographs, local news reports speculated that the Dolce & Gabbana photo ban may have been imposed at the request of some wealthy Chinese government officials attempting to block details on the source of their wealth. [198] (#cite_note-198) [199] (#cite_note-199) Dolce & Gabbana issued a formal apology to the people of Hong Kong from its Milan headquarters on 18 January 2012, confirming that it had no relation to the incident. [200] (#cite_note-200) Gay adoption and in vitro fertilization [ edit ] In an interview on 16 March 2015 issue of Italian magazine Panorama , Stefano Gabbana and Domenico Dolce caused controversy when they remarked, "We oppose gay adoptions (/wiki/Gay_adoptions) . The only family is the traditional one." They also criticized in vitro fertilisation (/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation) (IVF) and surrogacy (/wiki/Surrogacy) by saying, "No chemical offspring and rented uterus: life has a natural flow, there are things that should not be changed." [201] (#cite_note-201) Critics took to social media to voice their opposition, with the hashtag #BoycottDolceGabbana garnering 30,000 tweets on Twitter in five days. Celebrities, including Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) , Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) , Martina Navratilova (/wiki/Martina_Navratilova) and Courtney Love (/wiki/Courtney_Love) , were among those expressing anger over the remarks. [202] (#cite_note-guard-202) [203] (#cite_note-203) According to Guardian, "in an interview in 2006, Gabbana revealed that he had approached a woman to be the mother of his baby but made it clear that he struggled with the idea of a same-sex family. "I am opposed to the idea of a child growing up with two gay parents," he said. "A child needs a mother and a father. I could not imagine my childhood without my mother. I also believe that it is cruel to take a baby away from its mother." [202] (#cite_note-guard-202) More than 10,000 people signed an online petition calling for Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) and Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) to stop stocking the brand in their department stores, until D&G retracted their statements and apologized. Protesters also gathered outside Dolce & Gabbana's flagship London shop calling for an international boycott of the luxury fashion store. [204] (#cite_note-204) Dolce & Gabbana criticized calls for a boycott on their brand as "medieval" and called to boycott Elton John. [205] (#cite_note-205) During an interview with CNN (/wiki/CNN) , the pair said "they respected how people chose to live their lives, including the use of IVF, and said others should also respect differences in opinion. They also added that they could have expressed themselves using better language to the Italian magazine but appeared taken aback by the social media backlash. " [206] (#cite_note-CNNDG-206) Shanghai event promotion video [ edit ] In November 2018, Dolce & Gabbana released a series of videos on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) and Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) profiles, as well as its Sina Weibo (/wiki/Sina_Weibo) account in China, featuring a Chinese model with her eye intentionally narrowed, [207] (#cite_note-207) dressed up in the brand's garments and accessories and clumsily attempting to use chopsticks (/wiki/Chopstick) to eat Italian food in a pretentious way. The video narratage is in Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Mandarin) with a hubristic and lecturing tone, while having sexually suggestive (/wiki/Sexual_suggestiveness) lines. [208] (#cite_note-208) [209] (#cite_note-209) Social media users commented that it reflects Dolce & Gabbana's lack of understanding of Chinese culture and racism (/wiki/Racism) . Under the public pressure, D&G removed this series from its Sina Weibo whilst still keeping them on Instagram. [210] (#cite_note-210) Social media outcry was further exacerbated by a screen capture of racist comments alleged to have been made from the D&G co-founder Stefano Gabbana's Instagram account, [211] (#cite_note-211) Later Dolce & Gabbana claimed on Instagram that both the brand's and the designer's accounts had been hacked, also issuing a video where they apologized for the ads and asked for forgiveness from the Chinese people. "We have always been in love with China," Dolce said in the video. "We love your culture and we certainly have much to learn. That is why we are sorry if we made mistakes in the way we expressed ourselves." "We will never forget this experience and it will certainly never happen again," Gabbana said. "From the bottom of our hearts, we ask for forgiveness." [212] (#cite_note-Martinez-212) [213] (#cite_note-abc.net.au-213) [214] (#cite_note-scmp.com-214) Stefano Gabbana complained about removing the videos from the internet and called China the "Ignorant Dirty Smelling Mafia", adding that it was a "country of shit" and "feel inferiors" in the message. [212] (#cite_note-Martinez-212) [213] (#cite_note-abc.net.au-213) [214] (#cite_note-scmp.com-214) Later Dolce & Gabbana claimed on Instagram that both the brand's and the designer's accounts had been hacked. Wang Junkai (/wiki/Wang_Junkai) and Dilraba Dilmurat (/wiki/Dilraba_Dilmurat) , both of whom served as the brand's celebrity ambassadors, severed their ties with the company. Other celebrities, including Zhang Ziyi (/wiki/Zhang_Ziyi) , Li Bingbing (/wiki/Li_Bingbing) and Chen Kun (/wiki/Chen_Kun) withdrew from the event. Ultimately, the show was cancelled by the brand. [215] (#cite_note-215) [216] (#cite_note-216) [217] (#cite_note-217) [218] (#cite_note-218) Chinese e-commerce sites, including Alibaba (/wiki/Alibaba_Group) and JD.com (/wiki/JD.com) , removed the products of Dolce & Gabbana. [219] (#cite_note-wp201811-219) The founders of Dolce & Gabbana apologized in a video on 23 November, which was posted on its Sina Weibo account, and also posted on Instagram and Facebook later. Throughout the video, the founders can be seen reading off a script from a teleprompter located on the right. At the end of the video, the founders were saying "对不起" (sorry) in Chinese. Meanwhile, the three videos were finally removed from the official Instagram account. [219] (#cite_note-wp201811-219) [220] (#cite_note-220) [221] (#cite_note-221) Legal issues [ edit ] In May 2009, the Italian government (/wiki/Italian_government) charged Dolce & Gabbana with tax evasion (/wiki/Tax_evasion) for having moved assets of about 249 million euros to Luxembourg (/wiki/Luxembourg) in the 2004–2006 period. On 19 June 2013, they were found guilty of failing to declare 1 billion euros ($1.3 billion) of income to authorities after moving their brand to Gado (/w/index.php?title=Gado_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) , a Luxembourg-based holding company (/wiki/Holding_company) . The court sentenced them both to one year and eight months in jail. [222] (#cite_note-222) Dolce & Gabbana filed an appeal. On 30 April 2014, a three judge panel overruled the appeal and decided to uphold the initial sentence. [223] (#cite_note-Dolce,_Gabbana_Found_Guilty_of_Tax_Evasion-223) Finally, on 24 October 2014, both Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana were found not guilty of tax evasion by the Italian Court of Justice (/wiki/Italian_Court_of_Justice) . [224] (#cite_note-Robert_Wood-224) [225] (#cite_note-225) [226] (#cite_note-LUKE_LEITCH-226) Following the cancellation of their 2018 show in China, Dolce & Gabbana filed a lawsuit against fashion watchdog Diet Prada (/wiki/Diet_Prada) , claiming defamation by the bloggers who reposted anti-Asian comments made by one of their designers. [227] (#cite_note-respond-227) The $USD600m claim argued that the Instagram account was responsible for encouraging public backlash, the cancellation of their show and loss of business. In the lawsuit, the petitioners once again claimed that their Instagram account was hacked and then publicly apologized for the incident. [228] (#cite_note-:1-228) [227] (#cite_note-respond-227) The loss of business in question includes Chinese retailer Yangmatou taking down 58,000 Dolce & Gabbana products from their store. [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) Luxury western retailers, such as Net-a-Porter, also removed them from their brand list. [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) Fashion Law Institute lawyers are defending the Diet Prada (/wiki/Diet_Prada) founders. [228] (#cite_note-:1-228) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "I D & G DOLCE & GABBANA Revenue" (https://www.zippia.com/d-g-dolce-gabbana-careers-194446/revenue/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220217184853/https://www.zippia.com/d-g-dolce-gabbana-careers-194446/revenue/) from the original on 17 February 2022 . Retrieved 17 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-businessinsider_2-0) Scozzari, Carlotta (5 September 2018). "Il 2018 di Dolce & Gabbana: fatturato stabile, utile giù e niente dividendo per i due soci" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190407194754/https://it.businessinsider.com/i-conti-di-dolce-gabbana-fatturato-stabile-utile-giu-e-niente-dividendo-per-i-due-soci/) . Business Insider Italia (in Italian). Archived from the original (https://it.businessinsider.com/i-conti-di-dolce-gabbana-fatturato-stabile-utile-giu-e-niente-dividendo-per-i-due-soci/) on 7 April 2019 . Retrieved 6 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "dólce" (https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=DOLCE100) . Dizionario Italiano (in Italian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200626162013/https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=DOLCE100) from the original on 26 June 2020 . Retrieved 29 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "gabbàna" (https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=GABBANA100) . Dizionario Italiano (in Italian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200628222934/https://www.dizionario-italiano.it/dizionario-italiano.php?lemma=GABBANA100) from the original on 28 June 2020 . Retrieved 29 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vernon_5-0) Vernon, Polly (20 February 2005). "Mixing business and pleasure" (http://observer.guardian.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,1418537,00.html) . The Guardian . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20081011112206/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,1418537,00.html) from the original on 11 October 2008 . Retrieved 27 July 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Dolce & Gabbana" (http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dolce-gabbana_(Dizionario-di-Economia-e-Finanza)/) . Dizionario di Economia e Finanza – Enciclopedia italiana . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129023146/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dolce-gabbana_(Dizionario-di-Economia-e-Finanza)/) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 17 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mira, Nicola (20 March 2020). "Dolce & Gabbana renews eyewear licence deal with Luxottica until 2029" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Dolce-gabbana-renews-eyewear-licence-deal-with-luxottica-until-2029,1198988.html) . Fashion Network . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220903001017/https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Dolce-gabbana-renews-eyewear-licence-deal-with-luxottica-until-2029,1198988.html) from the original on 3 September 2022 . Retrieved 3 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Hands and Eyes: When Dolce met Gabbana" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/03/14/hands-and-eyes) . The New Yorker . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211114043645/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/03/14/hands-and-eyes) from the original on 14 November 2021 . Retrieved 18 November 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Givhan, Robin (2 April 2012). 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"Dolce & Gabbana sues bloggers for $780m" (https://www.afr.com/world/europe/dolce-and-gabbana-sues-bloggers-for-780m-20210307-p578iu) . Financial Review . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210323012235/https://www.afr.com/world/europe/dolce-and-gabbana-sues-bloggers-for-780m-20210307-p578iu) from the original on 23 March 2021 . Retrieved 5 April 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dolce & Gabbana Are Threatening Legal Action over Cancelled Show, Racist Row" (https://www.thefashionlaw.com/dolce-amp-gabbana-are-threatening-legal-action-over-cancelled-show-racist-row/) . The Fashion Law . 23 November 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210310120907/https://www.thefashionlaw.com/dolce-amp-gabbana-are-threatening-legal-action-over-cancelled-show-racist-row/) from the original on 10 March 2021 . Retrieved 5 April 2021 . Further reading [ edit ] "Dolce & Gabbana." The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Fashion and Fashion Designers. London: Thames & Hudson, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 29 November 2011. "Gabbana, Stefano." Marquis Who's Who in the World. New Providence: Marquis Who's Who LLC, 2011. Credo Reference. Web. 29 November 2011. "Gabbana, Stefano." The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Fashion and Fashion Designers. London: Thames & Hudson, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 29 November 2011. " Domenico Dolce Quotes – Swide Magazine (http://www.swide.com/luxury-magazine/History/DG-Archive/domenico-dolce-quotes/2011/6/2) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130119071535/http://www.swide.com/luxury-magazine/History/DG-Archive/domenico-dolce-quotes/2011/6/2) 19 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ." Swide Magazine by Dolce&Gabbana. Swide Magazine, 2 June 2011. Web. 29 November 2011. " Dolce & Gabbana – Biography on Bio (https://web.archive.org/web/20150227211103/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/dolce-gabbana.html) ." Bio: Shows, Video, TV Schedule and More on Bio. AETN UK. Web. 29 November 2011. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dolce & Gabbana (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . Official website (https://www.dolcegabbana.com/) Dolce & Gabbana (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/brands/dolce-gabbana) – brand and company profile at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Dolce & Gabbana on FASHION NET (https://www.fashion.net/dolce-gabbana) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190407194758/https://www.fashion.net/dolce-gabbana) 7 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) v t e Men's undergarments (/wiki/Undergarment) Upper body Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Sleeveless shirt (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) (A-shirt / singlet / tank top) T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) Henley shirt (/wiki/Henley_shirt) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) Telnyashka (/wiki/Telnyashka) Lower body Boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) Boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) Briefs (/wiki/Briefs) (slip / Y-fronts) Compression shorts (/wiki/Compression_shorts) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Jockstrap (/wiki/Jockstrap) (athletic supporter) Pantyhose for men (/wiki/Pantyhose_for_men) Swim trunks (/wiki/Swim_trunks) Thong (/wiki/Thong#Men's_thongs) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Willy warmer (/wiki/Willy_warmer) Full body Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) (long johns) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Hosiery Compression stockings (/wiki/Compression_stockings) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose_for_men) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Historical Breechcloth (/wiki/Breechcloth) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Garter (/wiki/Garter_(stockings)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Brands 2(X)IST (/wiki/2(X)IST) 2wink (/wiki/2wink) Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Allbirds (/wiki/Allbirds) AllSaints (/wiki/AllSaints) American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) American Eagle (/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters) Andrew Christian (/wiki/Andrew_Christian) Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) aussieBum (/wiki/AussieBum) Björn Borg (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Borg_(brand)) Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) Bombas (/wiki/Bombas) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Bonobos (/wiki/Bonobos_(apparel)) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) BVD (/wiki/BVD) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(fashion_house)) Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) Desigual (/wiki/Desigual) Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) Dolce & Gabbana Dsquared² (/wiki/Dsquared%C2%B2) Duluth Trading Company (/wiki/Duluth_Trading_Company) Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) Everlane (/wiki/Everlane) Finisterre (/wiki/Finisterre_(retailer)) Fleur du Mal (/wiki/Fleur_du_Mal) Fruit of the Loom (/wiki/Fruit_of_the_Loom) Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc) Gunze (/wiki/Gunze) H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Hanes (/wiki/Hanes) Hanro (/wiki/Hanro) House of Holland (/wiki/Henry_Holland_(fashion_designer)) Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) Ibex (/wiki/Ibex_Outdoor_Clothing) J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) Jockey International (/wiki/Jockey_International) Joe Boxer (/wiki/Joe_Boxer) John Lewis (/wiki/John_Lewis_%26_Partners) John Smedley's (/wiki/John_Smedley_(industrialist)) Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_Productions) Kotn (/wiki/Kotn) Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) Levi's (/wiki/Levi%27s) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Munsingwear (/wiki/Munsingwear) Nasty Pig (/wiki/Nasty_Pig) Nike (/wiki/Nike_Inc) Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) Orlebar Brown (/wiki/Orlebar_Brown) Patagonia (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolce_%26_Gabbana&oldid=1234102638 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolce_%26_Gabbana&oldid=1234102638) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Category:Dolce_%26_Gabbana) Clothing brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy) Shoe companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_Italy) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) Fashion accessory companies (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessory_companies) Companies based in Milan (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Milan) Retail companies established in 1985 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1985) Clothing companies established in 1985 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1985) Italian companies established in 1985 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1985) Privately held companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Privately_held_companies_of_Italy) Bags (fashion) (/wiki/Category:Bags_(fashion)) Underwear brands (/wiki/Category:Underwear_brands) Watch manufacturing companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Watch_manufacturing_companies_of_Italy) Eyewear brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Eyewear_brands_of_Italy) Hidden categories: CS1 Italian-language sources (it) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)) CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)) All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from November 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2017) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) CS1 errors: URL (/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_URL) Articles with dead external links from November 2019 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2019) CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2019) Pages with Italian IPA (/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Italian_IPA) Articles needing cleanup from September 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_September_2022) All pages needing cleanup (/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup) Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from September 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_sections_that_need_to_be_turned_into_prose_from_September_2022) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Coordinates not on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with J9U identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Articles with MoMA identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_MoMA_identifiers) Articles with RKDartists identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_RKDartists_identifiers) Articles with ULAN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ULAN_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers) |
German skincare company Dr. Hauschka Industry Beauty (/wiki/Beauty_industry) Founded 1967 Founder Rudolf Hauschka (/wiki/Rudolf_Hauschka) Headquarters Germany Key people Martina Joseph Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) WALA Heilmittel [1] (#cite_note-1) Dr. Hauschka is a German skincare (/wiki/Skincare) company that produces natural skincare products using biodynamic (/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture) , fair trade (/wiki/Fair_trade) , and sustainably produced ingredients. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] Dr. Hauschka was founded in 1967 in Germany by chemist Rudolf Hauschka (/wiki/Rudolf_Hauschka) . [3] (#cite_note-Shapiro-3) [4] (#cite_note-Molvar-4) Hauschka had co-founded WALA Heilmittel ("WALA"), a holistic pharmaceutical company, in 1935. [5] (#cite_note-Derm-5) [6] (#cite_note-Landler-6) The concept for the company, using holistic ingredients to create medicines, was inspired by the organic farming work of Rudolf Steiner (/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner) . [7] (#cite_note-Uliano-7) Esthetician Elisabeth Sigmund contacted Hauschka in the early 1960s about her research using herbs in skincare. Sigmund and Hauschka worked together for two years to create what would become Dr. Hauschka. [5] (#cite_note-Derm-5) The first product created was a facial oil made with essential oils. [4] (#cite_note-Molvar-4) In 2017, the brand launched a make up line. [8] (#cite_note-Grinnell-8) As of 2019, Martina Joseph serves as Dr. Hauschka's chief executive officer. [3] (#cite_note-Shapiro-3) [9] (#cite_note-Leiva-9) Products [ edit ] Dr. Hauschka products on display at a German drug store. The company produces face and body products, including face creams, hair care, makeup, bronzers, bath oils, and deodorant. [10] (#cite_note-Fearn-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Dr. Hauschka uses organic and biodynamic ingredients grown in company-owned and operated German farms. [3] (#cite_note-Shapiro-3) The brand's products have been endorsed by Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) , Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) , Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) , and Nikki Reed (/wiki/Nikki_Reed) . [9] (#cite_note-Leiva-9) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-Bedolla-14) Estheticians are trained at the Dr. Hauschka Academy in Germany. At the academy, they are taught about the products and how to give facials. [15] (#cite_note-Harris-15) Further reading [ edit ] Kurz, S. W., Monte, T. (2006). Awakening Beauty: The Dr. Hauschka Way. United Kingdom: Clairview Books. ISBN 9781905570034 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "15 Best Natural & Organic Makeup Brands" (https://www.thetrendspotter.net/natural-and-organic-makeup-brands/) . The Trend Spotter . 2020-03-01 . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Flora, Liz (13 August 2020). "German beauty gets 'clean-ical' (https://www.glossy.co/beauty/german-beauty-gets-clean-ical/) " (https://www.glossy.co/beauty/german-beauty-gets-clean-ical/) . Glossy . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Shapiro, Bee (10 April 2019). "What's Behind the Rise of G-Beauty" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/style/german-beauty.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Molvar, Kari (26 February 2018). "Direct From Europe: High-Tech Holistic Skincare" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/26/t-magazine/holistic-skincare-europe.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dr. Hauschka Review" (https://thedermreview.com/dr-hauschka-reviews/) . The Dermatology Review . 2020-05-12 . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Landler_6-0) Landler, Mark (28 June 2008). "Garden Is a Seedbed for Green Cosmetics" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/28/business/worldbusiness/28organic.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 26 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Uliano_7-0) Uliano, S. (2008). Gorgeously Green. United Kingdom: HarperCollins. ^ (#cite_ref-Grinnell_8-0) Grinnell, SunHee (2 October 2017). "What's New in Natural Beauty this Fall" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/10/natural-beauty-november) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Leiva, Courtney (30 September 2019). "G-Beauty Is Having a Major Moment Thanks to These Top-Selling Brands" (https://stylecaster.com/beauty/german-beauty-brands/) . StyleCaster . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fearn_10-0) Fearn, Rebecca (8 May 2021). "The Natural Deos That *Actually* Work" (https://www.bustle.com/style/the-best-natural-deodorants-sweat-smell-good) . Bustle . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Belfiore, Emily (20 January 2021). "The 15 Best Bath Oils That Create a Luxurious Soak" (https://wwd.com/shop/shop-beauty/best-bath-oils-1234702256/) . WWD . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Nussbaum, Rachel (1 April 2021). "Shoppers Say They've Been Wrinkle-Free for 20 Years Thanks to This J.Lo-Approved Day Cream" (https://www.instyle.com/beauty/jennifer-lopez-dr-hauschka-rose-day-cream-amazon) . InStyle . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Jennifer Aniston Hates the Thought of Life Without This $10 Lip Balm" (https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/beauty-style/jennifer-aniston-dr-hauschka-lip-balm) . Shape . 18 November 2019 . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bedolla_14-0) Bedolla, Daise (9 March 2021). "Twilight Actress Nikki Reed on Her Favorite Beauty Products" (https://www.thecut.com/article/twilight-actress-nikki-reed-favorite-beauty-products.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Harris_15-0) Harris, Kathleen (3 May 2015). "Naturally... full-body facial at Dr Hauschka" (https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/naturally-full-body-facial-at-dr-hauschka-1.2196928) . The Irish Times . Retrieved 24 May 2021 . 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Item worn on someone's clothes telling the wearer's name For NameTag, see Scraper site § Examples of scraper websites (/wiki/Scraper_site#Examples_of_scraper_websites) . A name tag sticker reading "Hello my name is Cait" A name tag is a badge (/wiki/Badge) or sticker (/wiki/Sticker) worn on the outermost clothing (/wiki/Clothing) as a means of displaying the wearer's name for others to view. Name tags may be temporary, such as a sticker with the iconic image being the "Hello! My Name Is ________"; or it may be a more durable type. Temporary ones typically can be written upon so that the wearer's name may be handwritten or printed. Permanent name tags are usually made of lightweight metal or plastic and may be known as name badges. Name tags may be attached to garments with adhesive or worn with the assistance of a magnet (/wiki/Magnet) , pin (/wiki/Pin) or velcro (/wiki/Velcro) . Plastic or metal name tags can be attached to various backings used to attach to the clothing of the wearer. There are many types of name tag backings, including magnetic backings, locking pins, swivel clips, military clutch pins, alligator clips, and cell phone attachments. Magnetic backings, because they do not puncture clothing with pins, have recently become more popular for name tags. Some name tags are worn around the neck using a lanyard (/wiki/Lanyard) or necklace (/wiki/Necklace) . Name tags with magnetic backings pose a harmful threat to people who have pacemakers, as the magnet will interfere with the implant's normal function. It is suggested that people who have pacemakers use pinback backings with their name tags to avoid any disturbance with the pacemaker. Name tags are used by some customer service companies, such as fast food restaurants (/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant) , so that customers (/wiki/Customer) may identify employees (/wiki/Employee) by name. Professional employees or representatives of public-facing organizations such as universities, banks, or other companies where employees do not wear uniforms, may wear name tags as a way of distinguishing or identifying the bearer as such, while allowing the employee to wear daily business wear. Military [ edit ] General Walter Natynczyk (/wiki/Walter_Natynczyk) , wearing Canadian Forces CADPAT (/wiki/CADPAT) uniform with cloth name tag. This name tag also has a branch of service insignia (the crossed swords signify the Canadian Army). Military personnel (/wiki/Military_personnel) commonly wear name badges on their uniforms, though usually displaying only the family (last) name. However, there is not much emphasis on this formatting simply because of the plethora of cultures and naming conventions around the world. For example, in the Singapore Armed Forces, Indian last names are generally initialised and the first name spelt in full as last names can be quite a mouthful (hence serving functionality in nametags). [ citation needed ] With the large Chinese majority in Singapore, there have been contradictions in the convention, the most popular one being that the name be fully in initials save for the surname - spelt in full. The use of name tags probably originated with laundry tags, used to identify clothing belonging to particular individuals. During World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) the United States military began making use of external name tags, in particular on flight clothing and combat uniforms worn by marines and paratroopers. The use of cloth name tapes became common by the Korean War (/wiki/Korean_War) and its use spread to other armies. The Canadian Army began using cloth name tapes on the combat uniform introduced in the 1960s. During this period, the use of name tags extended from combat and work clothing only, to the dress uniform (and tags made of engraved plastic rather than cloth). Other professionals [ edit ] Police (/wiki/Police) officers usually often wear name tags on their uniforms that are separate from the badges (/wiki/Badge) that identify their official capacity as a law enforcement officer. So that nametags have a degree of privacy, nametags may be attached with velcro (/wiki/Velcro) which can be easily changed. Conventions [ edit ] Lanyard (/wiki/Lanyard) name tag designed to be worn around the neck Loose associations of people gathering for conventions (/wiki/Convention_(meeting)) , and other events where socialization is encouraged, often wear name tags. "Hello my name is" stickers [ edit ] "Hello my name is" stickers, first introduced by C-Line Products in 1959, became hugely popular. [1] (#cite_note-1) Many graffiti artists have been known to use these stickers as tags (/wiki/Graffiti) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Name Labels [ edit ] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, name tags might also be used for iron-on or sticker name labels for children (put inside clothing or on shoes/items with name and/or phone number to help return items if lost). In these countries, name badge is more commonly used for a conference badge. See also [ edit ] Nafudakake (/wiki/Nafudakake) – Display of name tags in Japanese culture, especially at a martial arts dojo. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Walde, Claudia (2007). Sticker City: paper graffiti art . Thames & Hudson. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780500286685 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cox, David (2005). Sign Wars: The Culture Jammers Strike Back . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780980770155 . 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Brazilian model, actress and a television personality (born 1980) In this Portuguese name (/wiki/Portuguese_name) , the first or maternal family name (/wiki/Surname) is Magalhães and the second or paternal family name is Ribeiro . Caroline Ribeiro Born ( 1980-09-20 ) September 20, 1980 (age 43) Belém (/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m) , Brazil Occupation(s) Model Actress Spouse Paulo Laurenço Children 1 Caroline Magalhães Ribeiro (born 20 September 1980 [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) ) is a Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) model, actress and a television personality. She is best known for appearing on the Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) fashion show and also working for brands such as Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(fashion_house)) . She was the favorite model of Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Ribeiro worked with photographers such as Mario Testino and Steven Meisel. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) She's also known for her roles such as Anjo de Mim, Lower City, Belissima and Alice. Early life [ edit ] Caroline Magalhães Ribeiro was born on 20 September 1980 in Belém (/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m) , Para (/wiki/Para_(state)) , Brazil. She is of Amerindian, Portuguese and African descent. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Ribeiro stated that when she was young she was bullied at school, and used to wear long sleeves. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Career [ edit ] Ribeiro began her modelling career aged 14. The following year she participated in a modelling competition in São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) which was when she decided to continue her career. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) She was approached by a stranger who invited her to represent Belém and Manaus in the Elite Model Lux competition in São Paulo. Ribeiro went on to win the world podium in Korea. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) She then moved to New York (/wiki/New_York_City) to pursue her career where she was discovered by Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) who at the time was the creative director of Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . At 21 years old Ribeiro became the face of Revlon and was earning $100,000 per hour. At the time she was the highest paid Brazilian model after Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) . [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 1999 she appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) photographed by Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) . The following year she appeared once again, together with models including Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) , Ana Claudia Michels (/wiki/Ana_Claudia_Michels) , Audrey Marnay (/wiki/Audrey_Marnay) and Maggie Rizer (/wiki/Maggie_Rizer) . [1] (https://models.com/work/vogue-italia-vogue-italia-january-2000-cover) In May she appeared on the cover of Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_France) . [6] (#cite_note-6) She appeared on 14 Vogue covers: Vogue Germany, October 1999 Vogue Italy, December 1999 Vogue Italy, January 2000 Vogue France, May 2000 Vogue Brazil, June 2000 Vogue Spain, October 2000 Vogue Japan, February 2001 Vogue Australia, June 2002 Vogue Spain, July 2002 Vogue Brazil, March 2003 Vogue Brazil, April 2003 Vogue Brazil, November 2004 Vogue Brazil, May 2010 Vogue Brazil July 2016 Ribeiro participated in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) in 2000, 2001 and 2002. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2001 she appeared on the Pirelli Calendar (/wiki/Pirelli_Calendar) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She has been photographed by Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) , Raymond Meier (/wiki/Raymond_Meier) and has frequently collaborated with Steven Meisel. [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] Ribeiro is married to businessman, Paulo Laurenço. They have one son. Ribeiro was diagnosed with endometriosis at the age of 18 causing her to have four miscarriages. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Caroline Ribeiro - Fashion Model | Models | Photos, Editorials & Latest News | The FMD" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Caroline_Ribeiro/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 2024-04-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Welcome Back, Caroline Ribeiro! The Newest Member of the Balmain Army Is a Vogue Regular" (https://www.vogue.com/article/balmain-opener-caroline-ribeiro-vogue) . Vogue . 2015-10-01 . Retrieved 2024-04-11 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "As Mil faces da Beleza" (https://archive.today/20240617045731/https://istoe.com.br/40268_AS+MIL+FACES+DA+BELEZA/) . ISTOÉ Independente (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2001-08-15. Archived from the original (https://istoe.com.br/40268_AS+MIL+FACES+DA+BELEZA/) on 17 June 2024 . Retrieved 2024-04-11 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Carol Ribeiro: trajetória, perdas e recomeço após quase desistir da carreira" (https://revistamarieclaire.globo.com/Moda/noticia/2022/08/carol-ribeiro-trajetoria-perdas-e-recomeco-apos-quase-desistir-da-carreira.html) . Revista Marie Claire (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-09-21 . Retrieved 2024-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Leitão, Pedro (2021-01-07). "CAROLINE RIBEIRO Beauty inside & out" (https://mylemonmagazine.com/caroline-ribeiro-beauty-inside-out/) . My Lemon Magazine . Retrieved 2024-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) VOGUEGRAPHY (2016-10-15). "Caroline Ribeiro Throughout the Years in Vogue" (https://voguegraphy.wordpress.com/2016/10/15/caroline-ribeiro-throughout-the-years-in-vogue/) . VOGUEGRAPHY . Retrieved 2024-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Carol Ribeiro relembra participações no Victoria's Secret Fashion Show" (https://glamour.globo.com/moda/noticia/2023/09/carol-ribeiro-relembra-participacoes-no-victorias-secret-fashion-show.ghtml) . Glamour (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-09-06 . Retrieved 2024-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Okwodu, Janelle (2015-10-01). "Welcome Back, Caroline Ribeiro! The Newest Member of the Balmain Army Is a Vogue Regular" (https://www.vogue.com/article/balmain-opener-caroline-ribeiro-vogue) . Vogue.com . Retrieved 2024-04-11 . 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(Redirected from Draft:Miss Grand Korea (/w/index.php?title=Draft:Miss_Grand_Korea&redirect=no) ) Beauty pageant in South Korea Not to be confused with Miss Korea (/wiki/Miss_Korea) or Miss Queen Korea (/wiki/Miss_Queen_Korea) . Miss Grand Korea 미스 그랜드 코리아 Formation 2020 ; 4 years ago ( 2020 ) Type Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) Headquarters Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) Location South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) Membership Miss Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) Official language Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) President Kim Ho-Seong Key people Kim Hyunjung Parent organization Korea Marriage Bureau & Korea Premium Brand Association (2020 –present) Website Official website (http://www.missgrandkorea.co.kr/) Miss Grand Korea ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 미스 그랜드 코리아 ) is a lower concept of Miss Grand International that is held annually as a national female beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) in Korea since 2020. This pageant is to select the representative for Korea to Miss Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) , which is a pageant promoting World Peace (/wiki/World_Peace) and is against all violent conflicts. [1] (#cite_note-philstar4-1) [2] (#cite_note-standard-2) The current Miss Grand Korea titleholder is Lee Ji-ho of Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) . Lee was crowned Miss Grand Korea on October 22, 2021. History [ edit ] From 2013 to 2015, the Korean representatives at Miss Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) were determined by appointing Korean-Canadians (/wiki/Korean_Canadians) that competed in the Miss Earth Canada (/wiki/Miss_Earth_Canada) contest. Later in 2016, the 1L2H Company chaired by South Korean businessman Hyun Dae-Gon franchised the license for Miss Grand International in Korea. The 2016 titleholder was appointed with the first contest being held the following year 2017. [3] (#cite_note-:2020A-3) In 2020, the marriage bureau company, Purples, and the Korea Premium Brand Association (KPBA), with Kim Ho-Seong as the president, purchased the Korean license for Miss Grand International and held the contest later that year with it airing on OBS Gyeongin TV (/wiki/OBS_Gyeongin_TV) . [3] (#cite_note-:2020A-3) [4] (#cite_note-:2020B-4) There was a lawsuit between KPBA and the 1L2H Company about the use of the brand name for Miss Grand Korea. Still, the court rejected all the arguments from both sides since the court considered the brand Miss Grand International belongs to the CEO of Miss Grand International, Nawatt. The court arbitrated that the name Miss Grand Korea could confuse participants, so only those with a current license should use the brand name which caused the old organization to change its pageant name to Miss Glorize Korea in late 2020. [3] (#cite_note-:2020A-3) Editions [ edit ] Date and venue [ edit ] The following list details of the every Miss Grand Korea contest since the first one in 2017. Year Edition Date Final venue Host Province Entrants Ref. 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2017) 1st 6 July EL Tower (엘타워), Seocho (/wiki/Seocho_District) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) 27 [5] (#cite_note-:2017A-5) [6] (#cite_note-:2017B-6) 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2018) 2nd 30 August Dinozze Convention, Seongdong (/wiki/Seongdong_District) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) 22 [7] (#cite_note-:2018A-7) [8] (#cite_note-:2018B-8) 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2019) 3rd 12 July Island Castle Hotel Resort, Uijeongbu (/wiki/Uijeongbu) Gyeonggi (/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province) 22 [9] (#cite_note-:2019A-9) [10] (#cite_note-:2019B-10) 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2020) 4th [a] (#cite_note-C-11) 15 August Grand Walkerhill, Gwangjin (/wiki/Gwangjin_District) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) 36 [3] (#cite_note-:2020A-3) [4] (#cite_note-:2020B-4) [11] (#cite_note-:2020C-12) — [b] (#cite_note-B-13) 22 October Dinozze Convention, Art Hall, Seongdong-gu (/wiki/Seongdong-Gu) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) 12 [12] (#cite_note-14) 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2021) 5th 29 October Daejeon Convention Center, Daedeok (/wiki/Daedeok_District) Daejeon (/wiki/Daejeon) 22 [13] (#cite_note-:2021A-15) [14] (#cite_note-:2021B-16) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2023) 6th 4 June Grand Walkerhill, Gwangjin (/wiki/Gwangjin_District) Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) 18 [15] (#cite_note-mgk23-17) [16] (#cite_note-mgk2023-18) Competition results [ edit ] Year Miss Grand Korea Runners-up Ref. 1st runner-up 2nd runner-up 3rd runner-up 4th runner-up 2017 Park Ha Young An Eunsaem Yoon Mi Kim, Jeong Suji, Kim Sona No 3rd & 4th runners-up [17] (#cite_note-final-19) 2018 Choi Min Park Nae-yeon Kim Gwang-eun Jung Yoo-hyun Kim Hyodang [18] (#cite_note-biz-20) [19] (#cite_note-aport-21) 2019 Park Serim Moon Jinhee Lee Dojeong Lee Woohyun Yoon Sumi [20] (#cite_note-22) [21] (#cite_note-result2019-23) 2020 [b] (#cite_note-B-13) Oh Yuna Lim Hyora Lim Hayoung Jeong Yurim Kim Minji 2020 [a] (#cite_note-C-11) Lee Hyun-young Choi Yuna Shin Ye-eun, Gabin Lee No 3rd & 4th runners-up [22] (#cite_note-2020result-24) 2021 Lee Jiho Lim Seon-Yeong, Lim Ga-Yeong, Lee Hyeon-Ah [23] (#cite_note-2021result-25) 2023 Park Ji-young Han Da-yeon Jo Hye-min Lee Myung-hee, Lee Na-ra No 4th runners-up [24] (#cite_note-glo-26) Notes ^ a b Organized by the Korea Marriage Bureau & Korea Premium Brand Association ^ a b Organized by the SKPBA and 1L2H Company Representatives at Miss Grand International [ edit ] Year Representative Original national title International result National director Placement Other awards 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2013) Yuri Kim [25] (#cite_note-ko13-27) — Unplaced [26] (#cite_note-res13-28) — Ronaldo Soriano Trono 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2014) Sung Hye-Won [27] (#cite_note-ko14-29) — Unplaced [28] (#cite_note-res14-30) — 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2015) Dasol Lee [29] (#cite_note-ko15-31) — Unplaced [30] (#cite_note-res15-32) — 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2016) Yeseul Cho [31] (#cite_note-33) [32] (#cite_note-ko16-34) — Top 10 [33] (#cite_note-res16-35) Miss Popular Vote [33] (#cite_note-res16-35) Hyun Dae-Gon 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2017) Park Ha Young [5] (#cite_note-:2017A-5) [6] (#cite_note-:2017B-6) Miss Grand Korea 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2017) [5] (#cite_note-:2017A-5) [6] (#cite_note-:2017B-6) Unplaced [34] (#cite_note-res17-36) — 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2018) Choi Min [7] (#cite_note-:2018A-7) [8] (#cite_note-:2018B-8) Miss Grand Korea 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2018) [7] (#cite_note-:2018A-7) [8] (#cite_note-:2018B-8) Unplaced [35] (#cite_note-res19-37) — 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2019) Park Serim [9] (#cite_note-:2019A-9) [10] (#cite_note-:2019B-10) Miss Grand Korea 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2019) [9] (#cite_note-:2019A-9) [10] (#cite_note-:2019B-10) Unable to compete [36] (#cite_note-mtkr-38) 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2020) Lee Hyun-young [3] (#cite_note-:2020A-3) [4] (#cite_note-:2020B-4) Miss Grand Korea 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2020) [4] (#cite_note-:2020B-4) [11] (#cite_note-:2020C-12) Unplaced [37] (#cite_note-res20-39) — Kim Ho-Seong 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2021) Lee Ji-ho [38] (#cite_note-40) Miss Grand Korea 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2021) [13] (#cite_note-:2021A-15) [14] (#cite_note-:2021B-16) Unplaced [39] (#cite_note-res21-41) — 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2022) Lee Juyeon [40] (#cite_note-42) — Unplaced [41] (#cite_note-res22-43) — 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2023) Park Ji-young [42] (#cite_note-kor23-44) Miss Grand Korea 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2023) [42] (#cite_note-kor23-44) Unplaced — Color keys for the Placements at Miss Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) Declared as the winner Ended as a runner-up Ended as a finalist Ended as a semifinalist Ended as special awards Winner gallery [ edit ] Park Ha-yeong Miss Grand Korea 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2017) ( Suwon (/wiki/Suwon) ) Choi Min Miss Grand Korea 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2018) ( Seongnam (/wiki/Seongnam) ) Park Serim Miss Grand Korea 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2019) ( Gyeonggi (/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province) ) Lee Jiho Miss Grand Korea 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2021) ( Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) ) Lee Ju-yeon Miss Grand Korea 2022 ( Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) ) Park Ji-young Miss Grand Korea 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2023) ( Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) ) National finalists [ edit ] The following list is the national finalists of the Miss Grand Korea pageant, as well as the competition results. Color keys W Declared as the winner Ended as a runner-up Ended as a semifinalist Ended as a quaterfinalist Ended as special awards winner – Did not participate Withdraw during the competition Year Region (/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_Korea) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2017) 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2018) 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2019) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2023) Ulsan (/wiki/Ulsan) Jin Hye-ryeon Han Ji-hye Lee Yuna Cho Hye-min (2nd) Busan (/wiki/Busan) Lee Na-hyeon Kim Ga-eun (Top 5) Lee Ji-heun Jeong Myeong-moon Gwangju (/wiki/Gwangju) An Seo-la Kwon Min-ju Jang So-yeoung Choi Hae-won Ansan (/wiki/Ansan) Mo Su-jin Mo Hong Ah-li — — Hwaseong (/wiki/Hwaseong,_Gyeonggi) Yoo Soo-kyeong — — — Uijeongbu (/wiki/Uijeongbu) Kang Jisoo — — — Siheung (/wiki/Siheung) Lee Hyeon-seo — — — Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) Kim Bitnal Yoonmi (Top 5) Kim Saeb-yeol (Top 5) Yoon Su-mi (4th) Park Ji-young (W) Sejong (/wiki/Sejong_City) Kim Suji Kim Su-min Kang Bo-mi Shin Ye-ji Goyang (/wiki/Goyang) Kim Da-jeong Park Na-yeon (1st) Lee Do-jeong (2nd) Dahye Park Gangwon (/wiki/Gangwon_Province,_South_Korea) Jeong Suji (Top 5) Lee Mee-hee Lee Woo-hyun (3rd) Hong Ji-yoon Namyangju (/wiki/Namyangju) Ahn Eun-saem (1st) — Choi Dabin — Yongin (/wiki/Yongin) Moon Hee-seon Lim Min-ji — Jeong Hye-bin Anyang (/wiki/Anyang) Kim Joori Shin Hye-rim Hwang Jeong-eun — Daegu (/wiki/Daegu) Kim So-na (Top 5) Jeong Yu-hyeon (Top 5) Yoo Ha-kyung Lee Hyo-joo North Jeolla (/wiki/North_Jeolla_Province) Koo Bo-na Ahn Su-hee Lim Sujin Lee Na-ra (3rd) North Gyeongsang (/wiki/North_Gyeongsang_Province) Kim Ja-hyeon Go Eun-byeol Shin Soo-in Hwang Ha-jae North Chungcheong (/wiki/North_Chungcheong_Province) Park Myeong-ji Park Seo-ha Park Ji-soo Park Ji-yeon Incheon (/wiki/Incheon) Lee Yuna Jeon Seul-ah Kim Seon-young Jo Ye-eun Bucheon (/wiki/Bucheon) Lee Eom-ji Kang Ha-seul-lin — — Seongnam (/wiki/Seongnam) Kim Mi-ri Choi Min (W) Lim Jeong-hwa — Gyeonggi (/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province) Kim Hyeon-ji Kim Hyeon-ah Park Se-rim (W) Han Da-yeon (1st) Jeju (/wiki/Jeju_Province) — Jo Hyeon-mi Shim Bomi Hyein Kim Suwon (/wiki/Suwon) Park Ha-yeong (W) Yun Jeong Kwon Hee-young Jin Ho-jeong Daejeon (/wiki/Daejeon) Lee Ji-yeong — Mun Jin-hee (1st) Lee Myung-hee (3rd) South Chungcheong (/wiki/South_Chungcheong_Province) Lee Hanna Jang Seo-yeon Kim Hye-won Yang Ji-eun South Gyeongsang (/wiki/South_Gyeongsang_Province) Choi Hye-jin Kim Hyeon-jin Ko Eun-chae Choi Yun-hee South Jeolla (/wiki/South_Jeolla_Province) Yang Ji-won Kang Su-bin Park Yu-jin Kim Seong-yeong Total 27 23 22 20 Year No. 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2020) 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Korea_2021) 01 Lee Ga Bin (2nd) Lee Jiho (W) 02 Choi Ko Ya Ji Hyojin 03 Lee Hyun Young (W) Lim Seon-Yeong (1st) 04 Shin Ye Eun (2nd) Ahn Ji-Yeong (Top 7) 05 Lee Ryu Kyung Lee Ga-On 06 Choi You Na (1st) Choi Ji-Hyo 07 Lee Da Jeong Ahn Min-jeong 08 Lee Yang Ji Lee Seo-na 09 Kim Seo Hyun Kim Soo-Hyun 10 Koo Hyun Jin Kim Bo-Song 11 Kim Han Bit Min Chae-rin 12 Lee Da Yeon Yoon Ji Won (Top 7) 13 Gong Ra Yoon Lee Ye-jin 14 Shin Jeong Won Lim Ga-Yeong (1st) 15 Moon Hye Reen Kim Tae-rin 16 Choi Hye Eun Choi Su-Bi 17 Lee Kyu Yeon Park Ji-seon 18 Shin You Bin Lee Su-Young 19 Han Hyun Hee Park Yeon-seo (Top 7) 20 Son Ji Eun Jeong Hye-won 21 Yoon Hye Jin Park Su-jin 22 Kim Ria Lee Hyun-Ah (1st) 23 Yu Ji Yoon — 24 Kim Yoon Jin 25 Shin Yi Won 26 Han Na Hee 27 Bang So Yun 28 Park Sang Hee 29 Koo Young Seul 30 Jung So Young 31 Choi Seung Hee 32 Park Saet Byeol 33 Seo Sol Bin 34 Jeon Chae Hyun 35 Yu Jae Sook 36 Lee Na Ra Total 36 22 See also [ edit ] Korea portal (/wiki/Portal:Korea) Miss Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) Miss Korea (/wiki/Miss_Korea) Miss Queen Korea (/wiki/Miss_Queen_Korea) Mister World Korea (/wiki/Mister_World_Korea) Mister International Korea (/wiki/Mister_International_Korea) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-philstar4_1-0) Earl D.C. Bracamonte (28 March 2021). "Miss USA is first Black contender to win Miss Grand International crown" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210502093840/https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2021/03/28/2087583/miss-usa-first-black-contender-win-miss-grand-international-crown) . The Philippine Star (/wiki/The_Philippine_Star) . Archived from the original (https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2021/03/28/2087583/miss-usa-first-black-contender-win-miss-grand-international-crown) on 2 May 2021 . Retrieved 1 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-standard_2-0) วรรษมน ไตรยศักดา (28 March 2021). "อัลเบน่า แอพเพีย มิสแกรนด์สหรัฐอเมริกา คว้ามงกุฎ Miss Grand International 2020" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210901191600/https://thestandard.co/miss-grand-international-2020-winner-abena-appiah/) . 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"Miss Grand International 2022 Isabella Novaes Menin de Brasil, ganadora del certámen" (https://archive.today/20221025182232/https://colombia.as.com/tikitakas/miss-grand-international-2022-en-vivo-gala-del-certamen-de-belleza-en-directo-n/) . Colombia.as.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original (https://colombia.as.com/tikitakas/miss-grand-international-2022-en-vivo-gala-del-certamen-de-belleza-en-directo-n/) on 25 October 2022 . Retrieved 26 October 2022 . ^ a b "2023 미스그랜드코리아 퀸 박지영 [MK포토]" (https://archive.today/20230604223404/https://news.nate.com/view/20230604n15751?mid=e1100) . News.nate.com (in Korean). 4 June 2023. Archived from the original (https://news.nate.com/view/20230604n15751?mid=e1100) on 4 June 2023 . Retrieved 5 June 2023 . External links [ edit ] Miss Grand Korea Official website (http://www.missgrandkorea.co.kr/) 2016–2019 Former Licensee Website (https://web.archive.org/web/20190716200744/http://www.missgrandkorea.com/) Miss Grand Korea (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWAlqWCTCAgXl4zvaAroq8Q) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) Media related to Miss Grand South Korea (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Miss_Grand_South_Korea) at Wikimedia Commons v t e Miss Grand International (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) related-articles Editions 2010s 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2013) 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2014) 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2015) 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2017) 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2018) 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2019) 2020s 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2020) 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2021) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2022) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2023) 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2024) Titleholders (/wiki/List_of_Miss_Grand_International_titleholders) 2010s Janelee Chaparro (/wiki/Janelee_Chaparro) (2013) Lees Garcia (/wiki/Daryanne_Lees) (2014) Anea Garcia/Claire Elizabeth Parker (2015) Ariska Putri Pertiwi (2016) María José Lora (2017) Clara Sosa (/wiki/Clara_Sosa) (2018) Valentina Figuera (/wiki/Valentina_Figuera) (2019) 2020s Abena Appiah (/wiki/Abena_Appiah) (2020) Nguyễn Thúc Thùy Tiên (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%C3%BAc_Th%C3%B9y_Ti%C3%AAn) (2021) Isabella Menin (/wiki/Isabella_Menin) (2022) Luciana Fuster (/wiki/Luciana_Fuster) (2023) Organization Company Miss Grand International PCL (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_(company)) KMGI Ltd. 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(/wiki/Miss_Grand_United_States_2016) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_United_States_2017) 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_United_States_2019) 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_United_States_2021) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_United_States_2022) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_United_States_2023) 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_United_States_2024) Local pageants Florida (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Florida) Others Guadeloupe (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Guadeloupe) Guatemala (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Guatemala) Haiti (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Haiti) Jamaica (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Jamaica) Panama (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Panama) Puerto Rico (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Puerto_Rico) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v t e Miss Grand (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International) national pageants in South America (/wiki/South_America) Chile (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Chile) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Chile_2017) 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Chile_2019) 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Chile_2021) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Chile_2022) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Chile_2023) Colombia (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Colombia) 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Colombia_2018) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Colombia_2022) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Colombia_2023) 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Colombia_2024) Curaçao (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Cura%C3%A7ao) 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Cura%C3%A7ao_2014) Ecuador (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Ecuador) 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Ecuador_2021) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Ecuador_2023) Peru (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Peru) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Peru_2023) 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Peru_2024) Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Trinidad_and_Tobago) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Trinidad_and_Tobago_2023) 2024 Brazil (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Brazil) Editions 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Brazil_2014) 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Brazil_2019) 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Brazil_2020) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Brazil_2022) 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Brazil_2023) 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Brazil_2024) Local pageants Minas Gerais (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Minas_Gerais) Pará (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Par%C3%A1) Paraná (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Paran%C3%A1) Piauí (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Piau%C3%AD) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Rio_de_Janeiro) Paraguay 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The academic dress of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) are the robes, gowns and hoods prescribed by the Australian (/wiki/Australia) university (/wiki/University) for the administration (/wiki/Academic_administration) , faculty (/wiki/Faculty_(academic_staff)) , graduates (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graduate) , postgraduates (/wiki/Postgraduate_education) and undergraduates (/wiki/Undergraduate_education) of its Australian ( RMIT University (/wiki/RMIT_University) ) and Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnam) ( RMIT University Vietnam (/wiki/RMIT_University_Vietnam) ) branches. The academic dress of RMIT is described as similar to that of the University of Oxford (/wiki/University_of_Oxford) in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [1] (#cite_note-statute-1) The current statute of academic dress was approved by the RMIT Council in 1980. Dress [ edit ] Chancellor, Deputy Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor [ edit ] Chancellor - a gown of red brocade with gold metallic trimmings and a black velvet trimmed bonnet; Deputy Chancellor - a gown of red brocade with less gold metallic trimmings and a black velvet trimmed bonnet; Vice-Chancellor - a black gown with silver metallic trimmings and a black velvet bonnet trimmed with a silver metallic cord and tassel. President, RMIT Council member, Staff member [ edit ] President, RMIT Vietnam - a black gown with less silver metallic trimmings and a black velvet bonnet trimmed with a silver metallic cord and tassel; Member of RMIT Council - the habit of their degree or, a gown of coffee cloth trimmed with black velvet ribbon, fancy gold ribbon then plain gold braid centred with white cotton braid and a black velvet trencher with gold trimming; Staff of the University - the habit of their degree; or a black gown and black cloth trencher if they are not a graduate of any university. Doctor of Philosophy [ edit ] A festal gown of black cloth similar to that worn by Doctors in the University of Oxford faced with scarlet silk together with a hood of scarlet cloth edged with scarlet silk and a black velvet bonnet with a scarlet tassel. Professional Doctorates [ edit ] A festal gown of black cloth similar to that worn by Doctors in the University of Oxford faced with silk the colour of the discipline of the award together with a hood of black cloth edged with the same colour silk as the facing of the gown and a black velvet bonnet with a scarlet tassel. Doctoral degree [ edit ] A festal gown of scarlet cloth similar to that worn by Doctors in the University of Oxford faced with silk the colour of the discipline of the award together with a hood of black cloth lined with the same colour silk as the facing of the gown and a black velvet trimmed bonnet with a scarlet tassel. Juris Doctor, master's degree [ edit ] A black gown similar to that worn by Masters of Arts in the University of Oxford with a hood of black silk lined with silk the colour of the discipline of the degree and a black trencher with a black silk tassel. Graduate Diploma [ edit ] A black gown similar to that worn by Bachelors of the University of Oxford and a black trencher with a black silk tassel and a square collared silk stole faced with silk the colour of the discipline of the award. Bachelor's degree [ edit ] A black gown similar to that worn by Bachelors of Arts of the University of Oxford and a hood of black silk edged with white braid and lined with silk the colour of the discipline of the degree and a black trencher with a black silk tassel. Associate degree [ edit ] A black gown similar to that worn by Bachelors of Arts of the University of Oxford and a hood of black silk edged with white braid and lined with silk the colour of the discipline of the degree and a black trencher with a black silk tassel. Diploma, Advanced Diploma, Associate Diploma [ edit ] Diploma and Advanced Diploma - a black gown similar to that worn by Bachelors of the University of Oxford and a black trencher with a black silk tassel and a square collared silk stole faced with silk the colour of the discipline of the award and edged with white braid; Associate Diploma - a black gown similar to that worn by Bachelors of the University of Oxford and a black trencher with a black silk tassel and an ecclesiastical black stole faced with silk the colour of the discipline of the award edged with white braid; Fellowship Diploma - a black gown similar to that worn by Bachelors of the University of Oxford and a black trencher with a black silk tassel and a square collared black stole faced with coffee silk trimmed with white braid and then black braid; Associateship Diploma - a black gown similar to that worn by Bachelors of the University of Oxford and a black trencher with a black silk tassel a square collared black stole faced with coffee silk trimmed with white braid centred with black braid. Colours [ edit ] The colours for the disciplines are defined by reference to the British Council Dictionary of Colour Standards (/wiki/British_Colour_Council) (BCC) as follows: [1] (#cite_note-statute-1) Discipline Colour BCC RGB (/wiki/RGB_color_model) Applied Science Honeysuckle (/wiki/Gold_(color)#Golden_yellow) BCC62 235,255,124 Architecture Cherry (/wiki/Red) BCC185 235,94,102 Arts Magenta (/wiki/Magenta) BCC198 205,0,205 Business Heliotrope (/wiki/Heliotrope_(color)) BCC178 223,115,255 Design Silver grey (/wiki/Silver_(color)) BCC153 192,192,192 Education Turquoise (/wiki/Turquoise_(color)) BCC119 15,221,175 Engineering Spectrum blue (/wiki/Blue) BCC86 0,124,173 Health Science Violet (/wiki/Violet_(color)) BCC179 238,130,238 Nursing Fuchsia (/wiki/Fuchsia_(color)) BCC199 255,0,255 Public Health Peacock green (/wiki/Green) BCC123 0,33,0 Social Science Buttercup (/wiki/Yellow) BCC53 243,173,22 Social Work Powder blue (/wiki/Powder_blue) BCC193 176,224,230 Technology Spectrum green (/wiki/Variations_of_green#Green-yellow) BCC100 173,255,47 References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Statute 8.1.1 – Academic dress of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110305201109/http://rmit.edu.au/browse;ID=688vlt3kwba21) . Archived from the original (http://www.rmit.edu.au/browse;ID=688vlt3kwba21) on 5 March 2011 . Retrieved 20 June 2009 . v t e Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) Locations Australia (/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) Melbourne City (/wiki/RMIT_Melbourne_City_campus) Bundoora Brunswick Hamilton Williams (/wiki/RAAF_Williams) Vietnam (/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology_Vietnam) Ho Chi Minh City Hanoi Europe Barcelona Research Libraries (/wiki/Libraries_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) List of research centres and institutes (/wiki/List_of_research_centres_and_institutes_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) Schools Accounting (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Accounting) Architecture and Design (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Architecture_and_Design) Art (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Art) Business and Logistics (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Business_IT_and_Logistics) Economics, Finance and Marketing (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Economics,_Finance_and_Marketing) Education (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Education) Engineering (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Engineering) Fashion and Textiles (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Fashion_and_Textiles) Global, Urban and Social Studies (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Global,_Urban_and_Social_Studies) Graduate Business and Law (/wiki/RMIT_Graduate_School_of_Business_and_Law) Health and Biomedical Sciences (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Health_and_Biomedical_Sciences) Management (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Management) Media and Communication (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Media_and_Communication) Property, Construction and Project Management (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Property,_Construction_and_Project_Management) Science (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Science) Vocational Business (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Vocational_Business_Education) Vocational Engineering, Health and Sciences (/wiki/RMIT_School_of_Vocational_Engineering,_Health_and_Sciences) Student life RMIT Link (/wiki/RMIT_Link) (campus union) RUSU (/wiki/RMIT_University_Student_Union) (student union) Catalyst (/wiki/Catalyst_(magazine)) (student newspaper) RMITV (/wiki/RMITV) (student television) SYN (/wiki/SYN_Media) (student radio) RMIT Music (/wiki/RMIT_Music) (campus bands and orchestra) RMIT Redbacks (/wiki/RMIT_Redbacks) (campus sports teams) People Francis Ormond (/wiki/Francis_Ormond) ( founder (/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) ) Ziggy Switkowski (/wiki/Ziggy_Switkowski) ( chancellor (/wiki/List_of_Chancellors,_Vice-Chancellors_and_Presidents_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) ) Martin G. Bean (/wiki/Martin_G._Bean) ( vice-chancellor (/wiki/List_of_Chancellors,_Vice-Chancellors_and_Presidents_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology) ) List of alumni and faculty (/wiki/List_of_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology_people) Buildings Spiritual Centre (/wiki/RMIT_Spiritual_Centre) (1860) Working Men's College (/wiki/Working_Men%27s_College,_Melbourne) (1887) Storey Hall (/wiki/Storey_Hall) (1887) / annex (1996) Magistrates' Court (/wiki/Former_Melbourne_Magistrates%27_Court) (1914) Capitol Theatre (/wiki/Capitol_Theatre,_Melbourne) (1924) Emily McPherson College (/wiki/Emily_McPherson_College_of_Domestic_Economy) (1927) Building 8 (/wiki/RMIT_Building_8) (1993) Building 220 (/wiki/RMIT_Building_220) (1998) Design Hub (/wiki/RMIT_Design_Hub) (2011) Swanston Academic Building (/wiki/Swanston_Academic_Building) (2012) Related pages Academic dress RMIT Gallery (/wiki/RMIT_Gallery) Phillip Institute of Technology (/wiki/Phillip_Institute_of_Technology) Category Commons v t e Academic dress (/wiki/Academic_dress) Components Terminology Groves classification system (/wiki/Groves_classification_system) Headwear Bishop Andrewes cap (/wiki/Bishop_Andrewes_cap) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta#Academic_biretta) Canterbury cap (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Couleur (/wiki/Couleur) Doctoral hat (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic cap (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Student cap (/wiki/Student_cap) Tudor bonnet (/wiki/Tudor_bonnet) Hoods Cowl (/wiki/Cowl) Epitoge (/wiki/Epitoge) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Liripipe (/wiki/Liripipe) Stole (/wiki/Academic_stole) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Gowns Cope (/wiki/Cope) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Khrui (/wiki/Khrui) Miscellaneous Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Doctoral ring (/wiki/Doctoral_ring) Sub fusc (/wiki/Sub_fusc#Subfusc) People Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) John Burgon (/wiki/John_Burgon) Charles Franklyn (/wiki/Charles_Franklyn) Norman Hargreaves-Mawdsley (/wiki/Norman_Hargreaves-Mawdsley) George Shaw (/wiki/George_Shaw_(academic_dress_scholar)) Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) By country Australia Melbourne (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_University_of_Melbourne) Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Tasmania (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Tasmania) Canada McGill (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_McGill_University) Ireland Dublin (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Dublin) National (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_National_University_of_Ireland) Philippines Santo Tomas (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Santo_Tomas) Thailand Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_Chulalongkorn_University) United Kingdom (/wiki/Academic_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) England and Wales Bristol (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Bristol) Cambridge (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Cambridge) Durham (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_Durham_University) Exeter (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Exeter) Imperial (/wiki/Academic_dress_of_Imperial_College_London) Kent 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Columbia (/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Columbia_University) Harvard (/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Harvard_University) Stanford (/wiki/Academic_regalia_of_Stanford_University) Other countries China (/wiki/Chinese_academic_dress) France (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robe_universitaire_en_France) Spain (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indumentaria_universitaria_en_Espa%C3%B1a) See also The Burgon Society (/wiki/Burgon_Society) Academic scarves (/wiki/Academic_scarf) Honor cords (/wiki/Honor_cords) Legal dress (/wiki/Legal_dress) Praxe (/wiki/Praxe) Category (/wiki/Category:Academic_dress) Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Australia (/wiki/Portal:Australia) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐zxqr7 Cached time: 20240716071908 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.302 seconds Real time usage: 0.378 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 955/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 67009/2097152 bytes 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Submission declined on 2 June 2024 by Superboilles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Superboilles) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Superboilles) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Renaud+Cambuzat%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Renaud_Cambuzat) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Renaud_Cambuzat&defaults=y) Declined by Superboilles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Superboilles) 46 days ago. Last edited by Superboilles (/wiki/User:Superboilles) 46 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Marine_Arragain&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. French photographer and creative director Renaud Cambuzat (born in 1985) is a French photographer and a creative director known for his work in fashion photography and his role as Chief Creative Officer at Chantelle (/w/index.php?title=Chantelle_(marque)&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-1) He is the founder of the fashion print publication Common Language. Born in the South Pacific, Cambuzat grew up living on a boat. [2] (#cite_note-2) After graduating from Essec Business School (/wiki/ESSEC_Business_School) , Cambuzat started his career working in the film industry as the head of marketing for the French independent movie studio Wild Side. In 2013, he moved to photography and spent the following years alternating between commissioned work for fashion brands and publications and personal artistic projects. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2015, he joined the one-year Heima art residency in Iceland. [4] (#cite_note-4) Since 2017, Cambuzat serves as Chantelle (/w/index.php?title=Chantelle_(marque)&action=edit&redlink=1) Global Chief Creative Officer and Chief Brand Officer, where he leads creative strategy and marketing initiatives that drive brand development and growth for Chantelle (/w/index.php?title=Chantelle_(marque)&action=edit&redlink=1) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Under his guidance, the brand experienced success [6] (#cite_note-6) following a significant revamp and repositioning. [7] (#cite_note-7) Cambuzat also runs the international fashion publication Common Language and continues to work as a photographer. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Berger, Sarah (November 22, 2023). "À Paris, Renaud Cambuzat nous ouvre les portes de son appartement" (https://www.milkmagazine.net/article/chez-renaud-cambuzat-chantelle/) . Milk Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Marka, która szanuje kobiecość w każdym wydaniu, dba o naturę i słucha swoich pracowników" (https://www.vogue.pl/a/nowe-oblicze-chantelle-szacunek-cyrkularnosc-i-odpowiedzialnosc) . 3 September 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "#60 RENAUD CAMBUZAT - CHEF INTERNATIONAL DE CRÉATION CHANTELLE" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxrbGxAlo8I) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Renaud Cambuzat" (https://www.vogue.it/en/photography/photostories/2016/05/19/renaud-cambuzat/) . May 19, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Wynne, Alex (January 26, 2022). "Groupe Chantelle Reveals New Direction" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/intimates/chantelle-reveals-new-direction-1235053574/) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) FR, FashionNetwork com. "Chantelle : la refonte de la marque porte ses fruits" (https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Chantelle-la-refonte-de-la-marque-porte-ses-fruits,1569301.html) . FashionNetwork.com . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Radiographie : Chantelle" (https://www.marieclaire.fr/radiographie-chantelle,1304172.asp) . Marie Claire . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "*Duuu—Unités Radiophoniques Mobiles — 9:15-10:00 : #2 Renaud Cambuzat - Chantelle" (https://duuuradio.fr/archive/9-15-10-00-la-matinale-de-la-creation-contemporaine) . duuuradio.fr . 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Fashion in the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) After the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 AD) (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)) was founded, the Jin dynasty rulers imitated the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) and decided to establish their own carriages and apparel system. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 32–59 Terminology [ edit ] During the Five dynasties (/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period) period, the Mohe people (/wiki/Mohe_people) started to be referred as the Jurchen people (/wiki/Jurchen_people) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 女真 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Nǚzhēn ), [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 338 they were referred as such by the Khitans (/wiki/Khitan_people) who had founded the Liao dynasty (/wiki/Liao_dynasty) . [2] (#cite_note-:15-2) : 85 The Liao dynasty eventually subdued the Heishui Mohe (/wiki/Heishui_Mohe) who lived along the Heilongjiang river (/wiki/Amur) , the Songhua river (/wiki/Songhua_River) , and in the Changbai mountains (/wiki/Changbai_Mountains) . [2] (#cite_note-:15-2) : 85 The Jurchens, therefore, emerged from the Mohe tribes who lived south and west of the Changbai mountains and north to the Bohai kingdom (/wiki/Balhae) . [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 56 The Jurchen were classified into two categories based on their lifestyles; they were either sheng ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 生 ; lit. 'raw') or shou ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 熟 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : shú ; lit. 'cooked'). [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 13 Being influenced by Chinese culture was perceived as "cooking" while non-Chinese "barbarians" were considered as being "raw". [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) : 13 The sheng Jurchen lived a relatively primitive and indigenous lifestyle based on hunting and herding similarly to the lifestyle of their ancestors. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 56 By the 10th century, the sheng Jurchen were subdivided into two categories based on their geographical location: those living in the north and took their identity from the Heilongjiang river and were called the "Black Jurchens" while those in the south took their identity from the Changbai mountains were called the "White Jurchens"; the white Jurchens considered themselves as being more "civilized" and being kin people of the Bohai kingdom (/wiki/Balhae) . [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) : 212 Some remnants of the Bohai people became the subjects of the Jin after it overthrew the Liao dynasty; and by the mid-Jin dynasty, the Bohai people lost their distinct identity having been assimilated. [6] (#cite_note-:16-6) : 55 By the 13th century, the Jurchens of Jin considered the sheng Jurchens as outsiders, barbarians, and sometimes even as their enemies. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 56, 59–60 History [ edit ] Jurchen clothing worn by Wanyan Aguda, dated 1123 AD (during Aguda's reign) The Jurchen founded the Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)) in 1115 by Wanyan Aguda (/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Jin) by overthrowing the Liao dynasty (/wiki/Liao_dynasty) . [7] (#cite_note-:30-7) : 13 [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 56 Soon after having founded the Jin dynasty, the Jurchen elites abandoned their sheng ways of life having been first influenced by Bohai (/wiki/Balhae) and later on by gaining much of northern China and the former Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) population which were large in numbers. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 57 The Jurchens who lived in the Jin dynasty quickly adopted Han Chinese culture, [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 56, 68 and by the late 12th century, Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) had become the standard form of clothing throughout the Jin society, in particular by the elites. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 61 Attempt to ban Chinese clothing and progressive assimilation of the Jurchen [ edit ] In 1125, the Jin dynasty destroyed the Liao dynasty, and in 1127, the Jin invaded Northern Song and sacked the capital city, Kaifeng (/wiki/Kaifeng) . [8] (#cite_note-:105-8) There was about 30 million Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) living under the rule of the Jin dynasty. [8] (#cite_note-:105-8) In the early period of the Jin dynasty, the Jin dynasty court first attempted to impose Jurchen hairstyle and clothes on the Han Chinese population in 1126 AD and in 1129 AD. [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 The Han Chinese style clothing was prohibited and the people had to wear a short scarf and left-lapelled clothing; if they did not obey, they were put to death. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 32–59 After having conquered northern China, in 1126, a proclamation was issued by the Grand Marshal's office stipulating that the Jurchens had conquered all and it would be therefore appropriate to unify the customs of the conquered people to make them conform to the Jurchen norms; therefore the Chinese men living in the conquered territories were ordered to shave their hair on the front of their head and to dress only in Jurchen-style attire under the threat of execution to display their submission to the Jurchens. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) : 228 [10] (#cite_note-:13-10) This shaving hair order and adopting Jurchen clothing was however cancelled just a few months after it was stipulated as it was too difficult to enforce. [10] (#cite_note-:13-10) In 1127, the Jin dynasty occupied the Northern Song (/wiki/Northern_Song_(960%E2%80%931127)) capital and the territories of the Northern Song; the Han Chinese who were living in Northern Song territories became the majority population of the Jin dynasty while the Jurchen became an ethnic minority in the Jin dynasty; this led the Jurchen to make political concessions allowing the Han Chinese to practice their own culture. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 68 The shaving hair and adoption Jurchen clothing imposition order on the Chinese was once again reinforced in 1129; however, it does not seem to have been strictly been enforced. [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 In 1138 AD, the Jin court adopted the Chinese robes for the emperor and the officials. [11] (#cite_note-:82-11) Sinicization policy [ edit ] In the 1150, Emperor Hailing (/wiki/Wanyan_Liang) established a sinicization (/wiki/Sinicization) policy. [12] (#cite_note-:212-12) : 92 The shaving the hair and adopting Jurchen clothing order was taken back under the Emperor Hailing who was Pro-Chinese allowing the Han Chinese to wear their Han clothing by lifting the ban in 1150 AD. [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 Under his reign, the Chinese in Honan were allowed to wear Chinese clothing. [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 Attempts to revive Jurchen culture [ edit ] Between 1161-1189 AD, many Jurchens appear to have begun adopting Han Chinese behavior and forgetting their own traditions and languages; therefore, the Emperor Shizong of Jin (/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Jin) prohibited the Jurchens from dressing like the Han Chinese in 1191 AD (which they had been doing for forty years) and from adopting Chinese family and personal names as he wanted to revitalize the old Jurchen culture. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 [11] (#cite_note-:82-11) The Jin dynasty court had also banned intermarriage, but this ban was also lifted in 1191 AD. [11] (#cite_note-:82-11) [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 40 However, despite his efforts, the influence of the Han Chinese living in the Northern Song territories had a significant influence and by the mid-twelve century, the Jurchens were sinicized (/wiki/Sinicization) so much that they were almost indistinguishable from the Han Chinese in terms of dress, literacy and social customs. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) Return to the Sheng Jurchen clothing-style [ edit ] In the late 1160s, Emperor Shizong (/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Jin) , the successor of Emperor Hailing, attempted to revive old Jurchen culture [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 68 [12] (#cite_note-:212-12) : 92 and to preserve the Jurchen's cultural identity. [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 By his time, many Jurchens appeared to have adopted Chinese customs and have forgotten their own traditions. [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 As a result, Emperor Shizong also prohibited the Jurchens from adopting Han Chinese attire. [12] (#cite_note-:212-12) : 92 [9] (#cite_note-:50-9) : 281 Cai Wenji (/wiki/Cai_Yan) depicted wearing Jurchen-style clothing, from the painting Cai Wenji returning to Han , Jin dynasty, c.1200 Jurchen material culture dating about 1162 were found from the coffin of the Prince of Qi, Wanyan Yan (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E9%A1%8F%E5%85%97) , and his wife, where Wanyan Yan and his wife were dressed in layers of clothing in the duplicate style as those worn by Lady Wenji (/wiki/Cai_Yan) and the warriors who accompanied her in the painting Cai Wenji returning to Han . [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 61 The Prince of Qi wore earrings, drawers, padded leggings, jerkings, boots, a padded outer jacket with medallion designs at the back and front jacket; soft shoes and socks, and a small hat while his wife wore a short apron, trousers, leggings, a padded silk skirt, a robe with gold motifs, silk shoes with soft soles and turned-up toes. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 62 These forms of Jurchen clothing were in the styles of the old Jurchen nobility; a style which may have been typical of the clothing of the Jin imperial elite at some point in the late 12th century during the reign of Emperor Shizong (/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Jin) , who emphasized the values of the old sheng Jurchen and attempted to revive Jurchen culture and values. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 57, 61–62 The tribeswomen in the painting Cai Wenji returning to Han wear Jurchen attires consisting of leggings, skirts, aprons made of animal hide, jackets, scarves, hats made of fur or cloth; Wenji also wears Jurchen-style attire consisting of a ochre-yellow jacket, silver yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) (a symbol of high rank), boots, and fur hat with ear flaps; the tribesmen wear typical sheng Jurchen clothing with the exception of a Han Chinese official. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 58–59 However, the Prince of Qi and his wife clothing were not made of rough-woven wool, felt, and animal-skin that the sheng Jurchen wore; instead, they wore clothing made of fine silks with some decorated with gold thread (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) ; they also did not wear boots. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 62 According to Fan Chengda (/wiki/Fan_Chengda) who visited the Jin dynasty in 1170 following the Jin conquest of the Northern Song dynasty (/wiki/Northern_Song_(960%E2%80%931127)) , he noted that the Han Chinese men had adopted Jurchen clothing while the women dressing style were still similar to the Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) worn in the Southern Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) (although the style was outdated). [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) : 72 Return of sinicization [ edit ] After the death of Emperor Shizong, the policy of Jurchenization was abandoned and sinicization returned quickly. [12] (#cite_note-:212-12) : 92 By 1191, the rulers of the Jin dynasty perceived their dynasties as being a legitimate Chinese dynasty which had preserved the traditions of the Tang and Northern Song dynasties. [12] (#cite_note-:212-12) : 92 Characteristics of fashion [ edit ] Jurchen [ edit ] In the early history of the Jurchen, the Jurchen liked to wear white clothing and shaved the front of their head above the temples while the rest of their hair hanged down to their shoulders. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 40 They could also shave their hair at the back of the head and bundled it with coloured silk; they also wore golden locks as their ornaments. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 40 The wealthy Jurchen used pearls and golds as ornaments. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 40 Jurchen women braided their hair and wound them into a hair bun without wearing a hat. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 40 The Jurchen weaved hemp as they did not raise silkworms; they used the fineness of hemp cloth to indicate their wealth. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 40 In winter, fur coats were used by both the rich and the poor to keep themselves warm. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 40 They also wore clothing which were suitable to their daily lifestyles (e.g. horse riding, hunting, and herding) and weather on the Steppe (/wiki/Steppe) , especially those made of felt, leather, and furs. [7] (#cite_note-:30-7) : 14 [note 1] (#cite_note-13) These forms of clothing continued to be worn after the Jurchen had founded the Jin dynasty. [7] (#cite_note-:30-7) : 14 However, in the court, they would wear more luxurious materials, especially silk fabric woven with gold (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) . [7] (#cite_note-:30-7) : 14 In general, the Jin dynasty Jurchen clothing were similar to those worn by the Khitans in Liao, except for their preference for white colour. Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) with tight sleeves (closing to the left side, with pipa-shaped collar) were worn by men with leather boots and belts. [13] (#cite_note-:39-14) : 136 Jurchen women liked to wear jackets (either dark red or dark purple) which closed to the left side with long flapped skirts. [13] (#cite_note-:39-14) : 136–137 It is also recorded in the section Carriages and Costumes of the History of Jin dynasty (/wiki/History_of_Jin) that Jurchen clothing were decorated with bears, deer, mountains and forest patterns. [13] (#cite_note-:39-14) : 136 The Jurchen hairstyle was the Jurchen queue, called bianfa (辮髮). [7] (#cite_note-:30-7) : 21 Unlike the tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) of the Tangut (/wiki/Tangut_people) Western Xia (/wiki/Western_Xia) , the Jurchen (/wiki/Jurchen_people) hairstyle of wearing the queue combined with shaving the crown was not the invention of an emperor of the dynasty but was an established Jurchen hairstyle (/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)#Jurchen_queue) which showed who submitted to Jin (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)) rule. This Jurchen queue and shaving hairstyle was not enforced on the Han Chinese in the Jin after an initial attempt to do so which was a rebuke to Jurchen values. [14] (#cite_note-:51-15) [15] (#cite_note-16) Han Chinese [ edit ] Main articles: Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) and Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) See also: Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , Ru (upper garment) (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , and Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Based on Han Chinese tombs of the Jin dynasty, it appears that ordinary Jurchen clothing may have been a symbol of lower class status as servants and lower-class women tend to be portrayed as wearing modified Jurchen-style clothing whereas women from the upper class wear Han Chinese-style clothing. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) Yet despite the Han Chinese influence on Jurchens, travellers from the Southern Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) who visited the former territories of the Song dynasty noted that there have been changes in the people's culture and that the Han Chinese's clothing style had also been influenced by the Jurchens in terms of adoption of items; they also noted that the only thing which had not changed much was the women's clothing style. [1] (#cite_note-:112-1) : 32–59 [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) However, the clothing-style of the Han Chinese women living the Jin dynasty was outdated compared to the Han Chinese women in the Southern Song territories. [3] (#cite_note-:47-3) The yunjian (/wiki/Cloud_collar) was worn in the Jin dynasty and was adopted in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) as a signature pattern on men's and women's clothing. [7] (#cite_note-:30-7) : 51 Gallery [ edit ] Jin dynasty tomb of Zou Fu, 1199 AD Jin dynasty tomb of Zou Fu, 1199 AD Jin dynasty tomb of Zou Fu, 1199 AD Jin dynasty tomb of Zou Fu, 1199 AD Standing official with tablet, China, possibly Handan, Hebei, Jin dynasty, early 1200s AD. Related clothing [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) See also [ edit ] Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)) Fashion in the Liao dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Liao_dynasty) Fashion in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Yuan_dynasty) Fashion in the Western Xia dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_Western_Xia) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-13) The use of clothing made of felt, leather, and furs were also used by the Khitans, the Tanguts, and Mongols. These clothing would protect its wearer from the low temperatures and high winds of the Steppe. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Zhu, Ruixi (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties . Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-107-16786-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 953576345 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/953576345) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b China : five thousand years of history and civilization . Lang Ye, Zhenggang Fei, Tianyou Wang. Kowloon, Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press. 2008. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-962-937-467-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1142373741 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1142373741) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Johnson, Linda Cooke (2011). Women of the conquest dynasties : gender and identity in Liao and Jin China . Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8248-6024-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 794925381 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794925381) . ^ Jump up to: a b The rise of the Mongols : five Chinese sources . Christopher Pratt Atwood, Lynn A. Struve. Indianapolis. 2021. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-64792-004-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1272991191 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1272991191) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Mote, Frederick W. (1999). Imperial China, 900-1800 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-674-44515-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 41285114 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41285114) . ^ (#cite_ref-:16_6-0) Encyclopedia of Chinese history . Michael Dillon. New York, NY. 2016. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-81716-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 965196638 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/965196638) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Shea, Eiren L. (2020). Mongol Court Dress, Identity Formation, and Global Exchange . Routledge Research in Art History (illustrated ed.). Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1000027891 . ^ Jump up to: a b Native peoples of the world : an encyclopedia of groups, cultures, and contemporary issues . Steven Laurence Danver. London: Routledge. 2015. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-315-70215-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 958109897 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/958109897) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (2008). The Cambridge history of China . Vol. 6 Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-139-05474-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 317592785 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317592785) . ^ Jump up to: a b Routledge Handbook of Imperial Chinese History . Victor Cunrui Xiong, Kenneth James Hammond. Abingdon, Oxon. 2019. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-138-84728-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1031045844 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1031045844) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c Khun, Dieter (2011). The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of Chin . Harvard University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780674244344 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Roberts, John A. G. (2011). History of China (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-230-24984-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 930059261 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/930059261) . ^ Jump up to: a b c 5000 years of Chinese costumes . Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-:51_15-0) Tackett, Nicolas (2017). The Origins of the Chinese Nation: Song China and the Forging of an East Asian World Order . Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1108186926 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Keay, John (2011). China: A History (reprint ed.). Basic Books. p. 335. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eyewear brands (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eyewear_brands) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐9bdgl Cached time: 20240721023954 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.061 seconds Real time usage: 0.118 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2491/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 311/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.034/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946157/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 78.271 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 78.271 1 -total 96.91% 75.853 1 Template:Sister_project 94.34% 73.841 1 Template:Side_box 9.55% 7.476 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5858701-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721023954 and revision id 1224617392. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. E Eyewear brands by country (/wiki/Category:Eyewear_brands_by_country) (17 C) Pages in category "Eyewear brands" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Alexander Daas (/wiki/Alexander_Daas) B Blanc & Eclare (/wiki/Blanc_%26_Eclare) D District Vision (/wiki/District_Vision) L Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) R Christian Roth (/wiki/Christian_Roth) S Shutter shades (/wiki/Shutter_shades) W Wiley X (/wiki/Wiley_X) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Eyewear_brands&oldid=1224617392 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Eyewear_brands&oldid=1224617392) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Eyewear (/wiki/Category:Eyewear) Fashion accessory brands (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessory_brands) Brands by product type (/wiki/Category:Brands_by_product_type) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) |
Mandaean turban Burzinqa Two Mandaean men wearing burzinqas Type turban (/wiki/Turban) Material cloth Place of origin southern Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) and southwestern Iran (/wiki/Iran) The burzinqa ( Classical Mandaic (/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language) : ࡁࡅࡓࡆࡉࡍࡒࡀ ) is a turban (/wiki/Turban) worn by Mandaean (/wiki/Mandaeans) men during baptismal (/wiki/Masbuta) ceremonial rituals. It forms the upper end of a lengthy piece of cloth, with the lower end making up the pandama (/wiki/Pandama) or mouth-veil. [1] (#cite_note-Buckley_2002-1) In the Qolasta [ edit ] Further information: Qolasta § List of prayers (/wiki/Qolasta#List_of_prayers) Several prayers in the Qolasta (/wiki/Qolasta) are recited when putting on the burzinqa, including prayers 1 (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_1) , 3 (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_3) , and 5 (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_5) . [2] (#cite_note-Drower_1959-2) See also [ edit ] Mandaean priest § Clothing (/wiki/Mandaean_priest#Clothing) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Buckley_2002_1-0) Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people (PDF) . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-19-515385-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 65198443 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65198443) . ^ (#cite_ref-Drower_1959_2-0) Drower, E. S. (1959). The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans . Leiden: E. J. Brill. External links [ edit ] Tying the turban and the sacred belt (https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/items/show/102) Tying the turban (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1Gc0z-b7UA) (video) Tying the turban (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngzm5BXOlbk) (video) v t e Mandaeism (/wiki/Mandaeism) People Mandaeans (/wiki/Mandaeans) Mandaean Americans (/wiki/Mandaean_Americans) Mandaean Australians (/wiki/Mandaean_Australians) Mandaeans in Sweden (/wiki/Mandaeans_in_Sweden) Sabians (/wiki/Sabians) Nasoraeans (/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans) Historical identities Essenes (/wiki/Essenes) Gnostics (/wiki/Gnosticism) Priesthood (/wiki/Mandaean_priest) Titles Rishama (/wiki/Rishama) Ganzibra (/wiki/Ganzibra) Tarmida (/wiki/Tarmida) ( Shganda (/wiki/Shganda) ) Individuals ( List of Mandaean priests (/wiki/List_of_Mandaean_priests) ) Shlama beth Qidra (/wiki/Shlama_beth_Qidra) Zazai of Gawazta (/wiki/Zazai_of_Gawazta) Anush bar Danqa (/wiki/Anush_bar_Danqa) Yahya Bihram (/wiki/Yahya_Bihram) Ram Zihrun (/wiki/Ram_Zihrun) Bibia Mudalal (/wiki/Bibia_Mudalal) Abdullah Khaffagi (/wiki/Abdullah_Khaffagi) Negm bar Zahroon (/wiki/Negm_bar_Zahroon) Abdullah bar Negm (/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Negm) Abdullah bar Sam (/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Sam) Dakhil Aidan (/wiki/Dakhil_Aidan) Jabbar Choheili (/wiki/Jabbar_Choheili) Salah Choheili (/wiki/Salah_Choheili) Najah Choheili (/wiki/Najah_Choheili) Taleb Doraji (/wiki/Taleb_Doraji) Khaldoon Majid Abdullah (/wiki/Khaldoon_Majid_Abdullah) Sahi Bashikh (/wiki/Sahi_Bashikh) Sattar Jabbar Hilow (/wiki/Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow) Yuhana Nashmi (/wiki/Yuhana_Nashmi) Brikha Nasoraia (/wiki/Brikha_Nasoraia) Rafid al-Sabti (/wiki/Rafid_al-Sabti) Institutions Mandaean Council of Ahvaz (/wiki/Mandaean_Council_of_Ahvaz) Literature (/wiki/List_of_Mandaic_manuscripts) Main texts Ginza Rabba (/wiki/Ginza_Rabba) Right Ginza (/wiki/Right_Ginza) Left Ginza (/wiki/Left_Ginza) Mandaean Book of John (/wiki/Mandaean_Book_of_John) Prayers Qolasta (/wiki/Qolasta) Niana (/wiki/Niana) Rushma (/wiki/Rushma) Asiet Malkia (/wiki/Asiet_Malkia) Rahma (/wiki/Rahma_(Mandaeism)) Tabahatan (/wiki/Tabahatan) Shumhata (/wiki/Shumhata) Ritual texts The Wedding of the Great Shishlam (/wiki/The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam) Scroll of the Parwanaya (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya) Scroll of the Great Baptism (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Great_Baptism) Scroll of the Ancestors (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Ancestors) Zihrun Raza Kasia (/wiki/Zihrun_Raza_Kasia) Esoteric texts The Thousand and Twelve Questions (/wiki/The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions) Scroll of Exalted Kingship (/wiki/Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship) The Coronation of the Great Shishlam (/wiki/The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam) Alma Rišaia Rba (/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba) Alma Rišaia Zuṭa (/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa) The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa (/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa) Scroll of Abatur (/wiki/Scroll_of_Abatur) Dmut Kušṭa (/wiki/Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa) Secrets of the Ancestors (/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Ancestors) Scroll of the Rivers (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Rivers) Book of the Zodiac (/wiki/Book_of_the_Zodiac) Historical texts Haran Gawaita (/wiki/Haran_Gawaita) Apotropaic (/wiki/Apotropaic_magic) texts Incantation bowls (/wiki/Incantation_bowl) Lead rolls (/wiki/Mandaic_lead_rolls) Cosmology (/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology) Tibil (/wiki/Tibil) Yardna (/wiki/Yardna) World of Light (/wiki/World_of_Light) Hayyi Rabbi (/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi) Shkina (/wiki/Shkinta) Piriawis (/wiki/Piriawis) Mshunia Kushta (/wiki/Mshunia_Kushta) Tarwan (/wiki/Tarwan) Yasana (/wiki/Yasana) Uthras (/wiki/Uthra) Yushamin (/wiki/Yushamin) Abatur (/wiki/Abatur) Ptahil (/wiki/Ptahil) Hibil (/wiki/Hibil) Shitil (/wiki/Shitil) Anush (/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)) Sam Ziwa (/wiki/Sam_Ziwa) Manda d-Hayyi (/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi) Shilmai (/wiki/Shilmai) Nidbai (/wiki/Nidbai) Adathan and Yadathan (/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan) Yufin-Yufafin (/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin) Urfeil and Marfeil (/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil) Tar and Tarwan (/wiki/Tarwan) Bihram (/wiki/Bihram) Zihrun (/wiki/Zihrun) Etinsib Ziwa (/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa) Nbat (/wiki/Nbat) Nsab (/wiki/Nsab) Gubran (/wiki/Gubran) Shihlun (/wiki/Shihlun) Yura (/wiki/Yura_(Mandaeism)) Yurba (/wiki/Yurba) Yukabar (/wiki/Yukabar) Yukashar (/wiki/Yukashar) Yawar Ziwa (/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa) Simat Hayyi (/wiki/Simat_Hayyi) Saureil (/wiki/Saureil) Concepts Anana (/wiki/Anana_(Mandaeism)) Gufna (/wiki/Gufna) Ziwa (/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)) Intermediary realms Matarta (/wiki/Matarta) Hitfun (/wiki/Hitfun) Shahrat (/wiki/Shahrat) Shatrin (/wiki/Shatrin) World of Darkness (/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)) Sea of Suf (/wiki/Sea_of_Suf) Siniawis (/wiki/Siniawis) Mšiha (/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism) Demons (/wiki/Demons_in_Mandaeism) Ruha (/wiki/Ruha) Ur (/wiki/Ur_(Mandaeism)) Krun (/wiki/Krun) Gaf (/wiki/Gaf_(Mandaeism)) Qin (/wiki/Qin_(Mandaeism)) Anathan (/wiki/Anathan) Shdum (/wiki/Shdum) Giu (/wiki/Giu_(Mandaeism)) Hag and Mag (/wiki/Hag_and_Mag) Zartai-Zartanai (/wiki/Zartai-Zartanai) Zahreil (/wiki/Zahreil) Planets (/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology#Planets) Shamish (/wiki/Shamish) (Sun) Libat (/wiki/Libat) (Venus) Nbu (/wiki/Nbu) (Mercury) Sin (/wiki/Sin_(Mandaeism)) (Moon) Kiwan (/wiki/Kiwan) (Saturn) Bil (/wiki/Bil_(Mandaeism)) (Jupiter) Nirig (/wiki/Nirig) (Mars) Important figures Adam (/wiki/Adam) Seth (/wiki/Seth) Abel (/wiki/Abel) Enosh (/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)) Noah (/wiki/Noah) Shem (/wiki/Shem) Miriai (/wiki/Miriai) Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)) John the Baptist (/wiki/John_the_Baptist) Legendary figures Dinanukht (/wiki/Dinanukht) Shishlam (/wiki/Shishlam) Ezlat (/wiki/Ezlat) Concepts Kushta (/wiki/Kushta) (truth) Manda (/wiki/Manda_(Mandaeism)) (gnosis) Laufa (/wiki/Laufa) (communion) Dmuta (/wiki/Dmuta) (image) Nishimta (/wiki/Nishimta) (soul) Ruha (/wiki/Ruha#As_the_spirit) (spirit) Mana (/wiki/Mana_(Mandaeism)) (mind) Adam Kasia (/wiki/Adam_Kasia) (hidden Adam) Adam Pagria (/wiki/Adam_Pagria) (bodily Adam) Objects and symbols Drabsha (/wiki/Drabsha) (banner) Misha (/wiki/Misha_(Mandaeism)) (oil) Riha (/wiki/Riha_(Mandaeism)) (incense) Skandola (/wiki/Skandola) (talisman seal) Ritual food and drink Drinks Mambuha (/wiki/Mambuha) Halalta (/wiki/Halalta) Hamra (/wiki/Hamra_(Mandaeism)) Foods Pihta (/wiki/Pihta) Fatira (/wiki/Fatira) Sa (/wiki/Sa_(Mandaeism)) Meals Dukrana (/wiki/Dukrana) Lofani (/wiki/Lofani) Zidqa brikha (/wiki/Zidqa_brikha) Clothing Rasta (/wiki/Rasta_(Mandaeism)) (robe) Burzinqa (turban) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) (mouth-veil) Himiana (/wiki/Himiana) (girdle) Margna (/wiki/Margna) (staff) Klila (/wiki/Klila) (wreath) Taga (/wiki/Taga_(Mandaeism)) (crown) Rituals and practices Masbuta (/wiki/Masbuta) (baptism) Tamasha (/wiki/Tamasha_(ablution)) (triple ablution) Rishama (/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)) (minor ablution) Masiqta (/wiki/Masiqta) (death mass) Qabin (/wiki/Qabin) (wedding) Brakha (/wiki/Brakha) (prayer) Bshuma (/wiki/Bshuma) Sauma (/wiki/Sauma) (fasting) Zidqa (/wiki/Zidqa) (almsgiving) Naming (/wiki/Mandaean_name) Buildings and structures Mandi (/wiki/Mandi_(Mandaeism)) Baghdad Mandi (/wiki/Sabian%E2%80%93Mandaean_Mandi_of_Baghdad) Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi (/wiki/Ganzibra_Dakhil_Mandi) Yahya Yuhana Mandi (/wiki/Yahya_Yuhana_Mandi) Wallacia Mandi (/wiki/Wallacia_Mandi) Shkinta (/wiki/Shkinta) Andiruna (/wiki/Andiruna) Calendar (/wiki/Mandaean_calendar) Feasts Dehwa Rabba (/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba) Feast of the Great Shishlam (/wiki/Feast_of_the_Great_Shishlam) Dehwa Hanina (/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina) Abu al-Haris (/wiki/Abu_al-Haris) Parwanaya (/wiki/Parwanaya) Dehwa Daimana (/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana) Months Daula (/wiki/Daula_(month)) Nuna (/wiki/Nuna_(month)) ʿmbra (/wiki/Embra_(month)) Taura (/wiki/Taura_(month)) Ṣilmia (/wiki/Silmia) Sarṭana (/wiki/Sartana_(month)) Aria (/wiki/Aria_(month)) Šumbulta (/wiki/Shumbulta) Qaina (/wiki/Qaina) Arqba (/wiki/Arqba) Hiṭia (/wiki/Hitia) Gadia (/wiki/Gadia_(month)) Epochs Adam and Eve (/wiki/Adam_and_Eve) Ram and Rud (/wiki/Ram_and_Rud) Shurbai and Sharhabeil (/wiki/Shurbai_and_Sharhabeil) Noah (/wiki/Noah) and Nuraita (/wiki/Noah%27s_wife#In_Mandaeism) Language Mandaic (/wiki/Mandaic_language) Neo-Mandaic (/wiki/Neo-Mandaic) Alphabet (/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet) Unicode block (/wiki/Mandaic_(Unicode_block)) Other topics Mandaean studies (/wiki/Mandaean_studies) Category (/wiki/Category:Mandaeism) · Outline (/wiki/Outline_of_Mandaeism) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch 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Tēfui (/wiki/T%C4%93fui) Tupenu (/wiki/Tupenu) This Mandaeism-related (/wiki/Mandaeism) article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Short cape covering the shoulders Pelerine, muslin (/wiki/Muslin) with whitework embroidery (/wiki/Whitework_embroidery) , c.1835. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Costume Institute: 2009.300.3886. A pelerine is a small cape (/wiki/Cape) -like garment that covers the shoulders. [1] (#cite_note-1) Historically, the pelerine possibly originated in a type of 15th century armor padding that protected the neck and shoulders by itself, if the padded fabric was reinforced internally with metal, and/or acted as padding between armor and the skin in the neck-to-shoulder region. The pelerine often had fasteners so that pauldrons (/wiki/Pauldron) could be attached. [2] (#cite_note-2) In women's fashion, the pelerine was most popular during the mid- to late-nineteenth century in Europe (/wiki/Europe) and the Americas (/wiki/United_States) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Etymology [ edit ] The word comes from the French (/wiki/French_language) "pèlerine" (pilgrim) and is perhaps a reference to the small capes worn by many of the women in Jean-Antoine Watteau's (/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Watteau) 1717 painting Pilgrimage to Cythera (/wiki/The_Embarkation_for_Cythera) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) 19th century fashion [ edit ] Pelerine, cotton Irish lace, c.1830-1840. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Costume Institute: 2009.300.4061. The emergence of the pelerine in fashionable women's dress can be traced to the 18th century. At this time, the pelerine was styled as a short cape-like garment, which crossed the chest and fastened to the back of the waist. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Pelerines became particularly popular as a decorative accessory in the early 19th century, when layered muslin pelerines were deemed fashionable in the 1830s (/wiki/1830s_in_Western_fashion) , worn draped over the top of the large gigot (or leg-of-mutton) sleeves of the period. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Along with tippets (/wiki/Tippet) , pelerines helped emphasise the fashionable width of the sleeves and the shoulderline of the 1830s. [6] (#cite_note-6) Earlier examples from the beginning of the century to about 1825 were more akin to large lace collars, whereas pelerines from the 1830s were similarly styled as those of the previous century, [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) though serving more as a decorative piece than any practical purpose. Pelerines could be made of various materials, including muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , silk (/wiki/Silk) , lace (/wiki/Lace) , or cottons such as cambric (/wiki/Cambric) . They could be adorned with embroidery, beadwork, ruffles, [7] (#cite_note-7) or even featherwork (/wiki/Featherwork) , [8] (#cite_note-8) and often featured shaped border edges. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Crocheted (/wiki/Crochet) pelerines were also common. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Though the wearing of pelerines continued into the early 20th century, by the late nineteenth century pelerines tended to be seen as less formal garments and were often worn at home. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) The term was however also used to refer to decorative high-necked lace collars, as well as short capes and mantles (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) for practical wear outdoors. [10] (#cite_note-10) Gallery [ edit ] 1815. Cream silk pelerine 1825-30. Cream silk pelerine c.1830. Embroidered purple silk pelerine 1830. Embroidered muslin pelerine, shown unfastened and unsupported 1869. Young girl's silk dress with matching pelerine and removable sleeves 1869 The same dress without pelerine and sleeves 1872 Cream silk pelerine Black lace pelerine, green silk dress White cotton double pelerine, green silk dress Related [ edit ] Cape (/wiki/Cape) Pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Collar (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) References [ edit ] Look up pelerine (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pelerine) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pelerine (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pelerine) . ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 224. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810877856 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Pelerine with plates "Tristan" (http://www.armorysmith.com/dospehi/pelerine-with-plates-tristan/) " (http://www.armorysmith.com/dospehi/pelerine-with-plates-tristan/) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Pelerine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190821094810/https://blog.fidmmuseum.org/museum/2010/03/pelerine.html) . FIDM Museum Blog . March 10, 2010. Archived from the original (https://blog.fidmmuseum.org/museum/2010/03/pelerine.html) on 2019-08-21 . Retrieved 2019-06-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cummings, Valerie; Cunnington, C. W.; Cunnington, P. E. (2017). The Dictionary of Fashion History (2nd ed.). London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 200. ^ Jump up to: a b Staff writer. "Pelerine, American, 1830s" (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/158872) . The Collection Online . Metropolitan Museum of Art. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Tortora, Phyllis G; Eubank, Keith (1994). A survey of historic costume : a history of Western dress (2nd ed.). New York: Fairchild Publications. p. 281. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1563670038 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Pelerine Cape by A. Walles & Co" (https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/pelerine-cape-46379?return=/exhibitions-events/exhibitions/cape-able-clothing) . RISD Museum . Retrieved 2019-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Pelerine" (http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O114499) . Victoria and Albert Museum . 2019-06-18 . Retrieved 2019-06-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b Weaver, Jane (1862). "Pelerine Shawl In Crochet; Fringe For The Pelerine" (http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e1-198d-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99) . NYPL Digital Collections . Retrieved 2019-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Search the Collection" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 2023-07-30 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph966576&CON_LNG=ENG) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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International Dwarf Fashion Show Founded New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. (/wiki/United_States) (2014) Founders Creative Business House & Donnons Leur Une Chance Location New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) Key people Myriam Chalek (/wiki/Myriam_Chalek) (founder) Website www (http://www.thedwarfashionshow.com) .thedwarfashionshow (http://www.thedwarfashionshow.com) .com (http://www.thedwarfashionshow.com) The International Dwarf Fashion Show, also known as The National Dwarf Fashion Show , is a non-profit organization [1] (#cite_note-MUK-1) [2] (#cite_note-SCM-2) which seeks to empower and raise awareness to people living with dwarfism (/wiki/Dwarfism) by putting on fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_shows) consisting entirely of people living with dwarfism. They are best known for their contribution to fashion week in Paris, [3] (#cite_note-RTL-3) New York [1] (#cite_note-MUK-1) and Berlin. [4] (#cite_note-MIRROR-4) History [ edit ] After seeing a dwarf woman struggling to find appropriate clothes, CEO of CBH Model Management Myriam Chalek (/wiki/Myriam_Chalek) decided she wanted to raise awareness about achondroplasia (/wiki/Achondroplasia) (a form of dwarfism (/wiki/Dwarfism) ) by exposing the fashion and modeling industry to the unexplored market of dwarfism. [5] (#cite_note-glam-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Chalek and the nonprofit Donnons Leur Une Chance founded The Dwarf Fashion Show, consisting entirely of dwarf models. The Dwarf Fashion Show took part in Paris's annual fashion week and received extensive media coverage. [8] (#cite_note-WEST-8) In 2015, due to the heightened success of The Dwarf Fashion Show, Chalek took what was supposed to be a single event and created the non-profit The International Dwarf Fashion show. [1] (#cite_note-MUK-1) The mission of the International Dwarf Fashion Show is "to reverse the discriminatory diktats of beauty and to give the opportunity to little people to express themselves by bringing an innovative perspective to the fashion industry. Also, while giving people opportunity, they also highly edited photos of people to make their image not look like them anymore. [9] (#cite_note-9) Involvement in Fashion Weeks [ edit ] Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , September 27, 2014: In collaboration with the French non profit Donnons leur une chance association, CBH model management and Creative Business House, the International Dwarf Fashion Show makes its debut at the Pavillon Gariel during Paris Fashion Week. [8] (#cite_note-WEST-8) New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , February 12, 2015: The International Dwarf Fashion Show opened as part of New York City Fashion Week [5] (#cite_note-glam-5) and featured Jordanna James, dancer of Miley Cyrus and celebrity cast of the TV show Little Women New York (/wiki/Little_Women:_NY) in a "Dollar Dress" made entirely of real $100 bills. Also walking was Misty Irwin, a celebrity guest of Little Women New York (/wiki/Little_Women:_NY) . [10] (#cite_note-WWR-10) [11] (#cite_note-RTEA-11) Berlin Fashion Week (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) , July 11, 2015: Berlin based fashion designer Sema Gedik presented a street wear collection called "Auf Augenhöhe" ("At Eyelevel") for people with dwarfism. She credits her cousin (who has achondroplasia) as a source of inspiration. [4] (#cite_note-MIRROR-4) Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , October 2, 2015: Fifteen dwarfin (/wiki/Dwarfism) models showing off sparkly cocktail and evening dresses [12] (#cite_note-12) walked the runway at the Grand Room at the French Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)) [13] (#cite_note-VICE-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) as part of a government supportive initiative to promote alternative standards of beauty in an industry than values tall and thin. [15] (#cite_note-FOX11-15) [16] (#cite_note-NBC-16) Tokyo Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_in_Japan) , October 26, 2016: The International Dwarf Fashion Show expands to Asia. Little women models from the US, Britain walk the runway with little Japanese women during the Amazon Fashion Week held in Shibuya. [17] (#cite_note-17) Arab Fashion Week: After overcoming both logistical issues and various rumors the International Dwarf Fashion Show took part in Arab Fashion week. Seven models walked the runway in the United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) city of Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) in order to raise awareness for the need for more inclusivity in the fashion industry. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) A special show at the White House to commemorate the passing of the Americans with Disabilities Act (/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act) is being planned. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Goorwick, Slam (3 October 2015). "Dwarf fashion show hits Paris to show that it's not height that makes you a model" (http://metro.co.uk/2015/10/03/dwarf-fashion-show-hits-paris-to-show-that-its-not-height-that-makes-you-a-model-5419258/) . Metro (/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)) . Retrieved 13 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-SCM_2-0) "OMG! A Dwarf Fashion Show Just Hit Paris And It's Breaking Down Barriers In The Fashion Industry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160806052743/http://www.starcentralmagazine.com/featured-post/2015/10/04/omg-a-dwarf-fashion-show-just-hit-paris-and-its-breaking-down-barriers-in-the-fashion-industry/) . Star Central Magazine. 13 October 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.starcentralmagazine.com/featured-post/2015/10/04/omg-a-dwarf-fashion-show-just-hit-paris-and-its-breaking-down-barriers-in-the-fashion-industry/) on 6 August 2016 . Retrieved 13 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-RTL_3-0) "Fashion Week: small size models parade in Paris" (http://www.rtl.fr/actu/societe-faits-divers/fashion-week-des-mannequins-de-petite-taille-defilent-a-paris-7779964482) . RTL (/wiki/RTL_(French_radio)) . 13 October 2015 . Retrieved 13 November 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Michel, Franziska. "Auf Augenhöhe – eine Kollektion für Kleinwüchsige Menschen von Sema Gedik" (http://www.fashionstreet-berlin.de/auf-augenhoehe-eine-kollektion-fuer-kleinwuechsige-menschen-von-sema-gedik/108302/) . 21 July 2015 . fashionstreet-berlin.de . Retrieved 4 July 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Stark, Stephanie (13 February 2015). "The Dwarf Fashion Show Debuts in New York City" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151126052848/http://www.glammonitor.com/2015/dwarf-fashion-show-debut-2580/) . Glammonitor.com. Archived from the original (http://www.glammonitor.com/2015/dwarf-fashion-show-debut-2580/) on 26 November 2015 . Retrieved 31 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Emeline Richardin (IEJ) (1 October 2014). "Défilé de mannequins nains pour la Fashion Week" (http://www.lejdd.fr/Mes-dimanches/Defile-de-mannequins-nains-pour-la-Fashion-Week-691184) . LeJDD.fr (/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche) . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (http://mode.blogs.france24.com/article/2014/10/01/comme-le-monde-est-petit-une-initiative-de-taille-pendant-la-fashion-week) "Comme le monde est petit" : une initiative de taille pendant la Fashion Week" (http://mode.blogs.france24.com/article/2014/10/01/comme-le-monde-est-petit-une-initiative-de-taille-pendant-la-fashion-week) . France 24 (/wiki/France_24) blog . Retrieved 1 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b West, Redazione. "Paris fashion week to feature dwarf models" (http://www.west-info.eu/paris-fashion-week-to-feature-dwarf-models/) . 22 September 2014 . west-info.eu . Retrieved 31 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "About" (http://www.thedwarfashionshow.com/about.html) . The Dwarf Fashion Show . Retrieved 2015-12-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-WWR_10-0) "Le Petite – New York Fashion Week with a Twist!" (http://worldwidereign.com/tag/the-dwarf-fashion-show/) . worldwidereign.com. 17 February 2015 . Retrieved 31 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-RTEA_11-0) Erin, M (7 May 2015). "Little Women NY Recap The Little People Fashion Show" (http://www.realitytea.com/2015/05/07/little-women-ny-recap-the-little-people-fashion-show/) . Reality Tea . Retrieved 31 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Dwarf models storm Paris Fashion Week to set new standards of 'beauty' (http://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news/dwarf-fashion-show-paris-fashion-week-5600.html) " (http://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news/dwarf-fashion-show-paris-fashion-week-5600.html) . indiatvnews.com . India TV (/wiki/India_TV) . 12 October 2013 . Retrieved 2015-12-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-VICE_13-0) "Watching Audience Members and Journalists Embarrass Themselves at a Dwarf Fashion Show in Paris" (https://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/paris-fashion-week-dwarfism-876) . VICE. 14 October 2015 . Retrieved 13 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Freeman, Thomas (3 October 2015). "FASHION SHOW SPOTLIGHTING LITTLE PEOPLE RULES PARIS FASHION WEEK" (http://www.maxim.com/style/little-people-fashion-show-paris-2015-10) . Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) . Retrieved 30 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOX11_15-0) "French Ministry hosts dwarf fashion show" (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2015/10/03/french-ministry-hosts-dwarf-fashion-show/) . Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) . 3 October 2015 . Retrieved 13 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-NBC_16-0) "Dwarf Runway Show in France Highlights Alternative Beauty Standards" (http://www.nbcbayarea.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/France-Dwarf-Runway-Paris-Fashion-Week-Alternative-Beauty-Standards-332314862.html) . NBC Bay Area (/wiki/NBC_Bay_Area) . 13 October 2015 . Retrieved 13 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "From envy to epiphany: Japanese woman with dwarfism follows fashion dreams" (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/06/28/national/social-issues/envy-epiphany-japanese-woman-dwarfism-follows-fashion-dreams/) . The Japan Times . 2017-06-28 . Retrieved 2017-07-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "In pictures: International Dwarf Fashion show take place in Dubai" (http://www.arabianbusiness.com/photos/in-pictures-international-dwarf-fashion-show-take-place-in-dubai-674941.html) . ArabianBusiness.com . Retrieved 2017-07-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Arab Fashion Week brings unisex minimalism to Dubai" (https://www.geo.tv/latest/142217-Arab-Fashion-Week-brings-unisex-minimalism-to-Dubai) . www.geo.tv . Retrieved 2017-09-21 . 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Italian fashion model (born 1998) Greta Varlese Varlese at Paris Fashion Week Autumn-Winter 2019 Born ( 1998-08-21 ) 21 August 1998 (age 25) Chiaravalle (/wiki/Chiaravalle_Centrale) , Calabria (/wiki/Calabria) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) [2] (#cite_note-2) Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Green Agency Oui Management (Paris) Monster Management (Milan) [1] (#cite_note-1) Greta Varlese (born 21 August 1998) is an Italian fashion model. She was once ranked among the top 50 models in the world by models.com. [3] (#cite_note-3) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) has called her a "powerhouse". [4] (#cite_note-4) Early life [ edit ] Varlese's mother is German, and her father is Italian. [5] (#cite_note-vice.com-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) She never considered a serious modeling career before doing the Elite Model Look contest, as she was not interested in fashion. Career [ edit ] Varlese was discovered by Elite Models during their Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) contest in China; although she didn't win, she made it to the top 10. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Just months later she debuted as a Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) exclusive in the F/W 2015 Men’s Show, personally handpicked by Riccardo Tisci (/wiki/Riccardo_Tisci) , which catapulted her career. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In her first fashion show, she opened for Givenchy. [5] (#cite_note-vice.com-5) She considers doing three Givenchy campaigns in a row her "greatest achievement". [11] (#cite_note-11) In her first season she did 75 shows, including Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , and Versace (/wiki/Versace) ; she opened Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) , Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) , and Rag & Bone (/wiki/Rag_%26_Bone) . [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2016, she starred in campaigns for Belstaff (/wiki/Belstaff) x Liv Tyler (/wiki/Liv_Tyler) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , McQ (/wiki/McQ) , Givenchy, Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , and Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) For the A/W 2017 season she did over 32 shows in one month. [18] (#cite_note-18) She has appeared in Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) , W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) magazine, and British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) and she appeared on the cover of Harper’s Bazaar UK (/w/index.php?title=Harper%E2%80%99s_Bazaar_UK&action=edit&redlink=1) , Japan, Korea and Kazakhstan. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Greta Varlese - Model" (https://models.com/models/greta-varlese) . MODELS.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Greta Varlese" (http://www.vogue.it/en/fashion/news/2015/02/12/greta-varlese/) . 12 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Top 50 Models" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/Top50/19738#19738) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Miu Miu's Model Moment: The Power Casting That Perfectly Sums Up Paris Fashion Week" (http://www.vogue.com/article/miu-miu-model-casting-ashley-brokaw-paris-fashion-week) . ^ Jump up to: a b "grab a bite in the shower with greta varlese" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/mbe9w3/grab-a-bite-in-the-shower-with-greta-varlese) . I-d . ^ (#cite_ref-6) i-D (17 June 2015). "How to Speak Italian in Milan: Greta Varlese Model Motherland" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjHJcZGJph0) – via YouTube. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Greta Varlese On Life After Elite Model Look - Elite Model Look" (https://www.elitemodellook.com/int/en/home/greta-varlese-on-life-after-elite-model-look/index.htm) . Elite Model Look . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Success Stories" (https://www.elitemodellook.com/int/en/success-stories/index.htm) . Elite Model Look . Since participation in EML, Greta went on to become Riccardo Tisci's muse the very next season. Greta hails from Chiaravalle. Face of Prada's eyewear campaign, she is fast becoming the new face of Italian chic. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Turner, Lianne; Alleyne, Allyssia. "How to really find the world's next top model - CNN" (http://www.cnn.com/style/article/how-to-discover-the-next-top-model/index.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Graduates: Greta Varlese" (https://models.com/mdx/the-graduates-greta-varlese/) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Greta Varlese - Interview Magazine" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/greta-varlese#_) . Interview Magazine (/wiki/Interview_Magazine) . 11 July 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "You are being redirected..." (https://models.com/rankings/ui/Runway-ShowsWalked-All-2015JunDec-greta-varlese) models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Belstaff x Liv Tyler F/W 16.17 Capsule Collection" (https://models.com/work/belstaff-belstaff-x-liv-tyler-fw-1617-capsule-collection) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Turra, Alessandra (29 October 2015). "Lexi Boling, Meghan Collison, Greta Varlese Featured in Prada Ads" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/prada-cruise-2016-advertising-campaign-10270491/) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Vera Wang 2016 Fall / Winter Campaign" (https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/vera-wang-fall-2016-campaign/) . 25 July 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Photo feat. Greta Varlese - Vera Wang - Autumn/Winter 2016 Ready-to-Wear - Fashion Advertisement - Brands - The FMD" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/brands/vera-wang/advertisements/2016/autumn-winter/23594/harleth-kuusik-556978/) . FashionModelDirectory.com . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Bo Ningen Star in McQ AW16 Campaign - Wonderland Magazine" (http://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2016/07/15/bo-ningen-stars-mcq-aw16-campaign/) . Wonderland . 15 July 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Moss, Hilary (9 March 2017). "One Model, 32 Beauty Looks" (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/09/t-magazine/fashion-week-fall-winter-2017-beauty-greta-varlese.html) – via NYTimes.com. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Vogue's Model Directory A/W 2016" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/rosie-vogel-best-models-of-fashion-week-vogue-new-faces) . www.vogue.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Broken by Paolo Roversi" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/video/broken-by-paolo-roversi) . 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A hair coloring style that involves dipping the ends of the hair into dye Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) with a dip dye Dip dye (also known as tip dyeing ) is a hair coloring style that involves dipping the ends of the hair into dye. The dye used can be naturally (/wiki/Human_hair_color) or brightly colored, the latter being the more popular choice. The method has become increasingly popular as a result of social media (/wiki/Social_media) and use by celebrities. [1] (#cite_note-Celebrities_-_Dip_Dye_Hairstyles-1) [2] (#cite_note-Dip_Dye_Hair-2) Dip dye originates from the process of tie dyeing (/wiki/Tie-dye) clothing (especially T-shirts). Dip-dyeing and the ombré hairstyle (/wiki/Ombr%C3%A9#21st_century) are similar. However, dip dyeing usually involves brighter neon colors and a less smooth gradient in color [3] (#cite_note-3) than an ombre style, which is typically a more blended and natural coloration. [4] (#cite_note-Jean_Louis_David-4) Another similar hair coloring technique that is confusing is balayage (/wiki/Hair_highlighting#Hair_painting) because it is so similar to Ombré (/wiki/Ombr%C3%A9) , but looks like "growing-out" highlights. [5] (#cite_note-Venus_Hair_Design-5) Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) with dip dyed hair Trends [ edit ] Dip dye hair is one of the biggest trends of the decade with hairstyles. Many celebrities have been seen with this idea of color fading in the hair. Celebrities like Lea Michele (/wiki/Lea_Michele) and Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) have represented this trend. [6] (#cite_note-6) Dip dye is similar to the ombre and balayage styles that have a color fade in the hair. These are all ways to color hair without using the highlighting or dyeing processes that use foils. They tend to have more natural looking styles than the highlighting processes. Evolution [ edit ] Dip dye began with a more extreme look that added neon colors to the end of the hair. Later people began to transition to colors that have a more natural look. For blondes, many recommend going up to four shades lighter than your natural color. Brunettes and darker hair colors have more of a variety of options to explore such as copper or red. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Celebrities_-_Dip_Dye_Hairstyles_1-0) "Celebrities - Dip Dye Hairstyles" (http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/beauty/galleries/31845/dip-dye-hairstyles.html) . Marie Claire . Retrieved 12 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Dip_Dye_Hair_2-0) "Dip Dye Hair" (http://www.instyle.co.uk/hairstyles/hair-trends/dip-dye-hair) . InStyle UK . Retrieved 12 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Caent, Emily. "Dip Dye: A Bold, Trendy, and Edgy Hairstyle" (http://www.zalacliphairextensions.com.au/dip-dye-hair) . Zala Hair Extensions . Retrieved 2 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jean_Louis_David_4-0) "The difference between ombre hair and the dip dye" (http://www.jeanlouisdavid.us/the-difference-between-ombre-hair-and-the-dip-dye/) . Jean Louis David . Retrieved 12 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Venus_Hair_Design_5-0) "Ombre, Dip Dye and Balayage - What's the difference?" (http://www.venushairdesign.co.uk/ombre-dip-dye-balayage/) . Venus Hair Design . Retrieved 12 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Dip Dye Hairstyles From Some Of Our Favourite Celebrities" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/beauty/hair/dip-dye-167600) . Marie Claire . 2017-02-02 . Retrieved 2018-10-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "What Is Dip Dye | Dip Dye Tips | L'Oréal Professionnel" (https://www.lorealprofessionnel.co.uk/hair-advice/hair-colour-advice/all-you-need-to-know-about-dip-dye) . www.lorealprofessionnel.co.uk . Retrieved 2018-10-21 . External links [ edit ] "How To Dip Dye At Home | L'Oréal Paris" (https://www.loreal-paris.co.uk/trends-and-tutorials/tips/hair-colour/how-to-dip-dye-at-home) . www.loreal-paris.co.uk . Retrieved 2018-10-21 . 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French clothing brand Petit Bateau Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) Petit Bateau Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Industry Textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) Founded 1920 ; 104 years ago ( 1920 ) Founder Pierre Valton Headquarters Troyes (/wiki/Troyes) , France (/wiki/France) Area served Worldwide Key people Patrick Pergament (CEO) Products Clothes (/wiki/Clothes) Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) Brands Petit Bateau Revenue €265 million in 2008 Owner Yves Rocher Company (/wiki/Yves_Rocher_(company)) Number of employees Nearly 4,000 employees, of which 1,100 in the Aube Website www.petit-bateau.com (http://www.petit-bateau.com/) Petit Bateau is a French brand of clothing and underwear for children founded in 1920, but whose origins date back to 1893, in Troyes. Integrated into the Rocher Group since 1988, Petit Bateau is a children's brand that became trans-generational in the 2000s thanks to the launch of the adult collection. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] In 1893 (/wiki/1893_in_France) Pierre Valton opened, in a 3,700 m 2 workshop, the Valton-Quinquarlet & Sons hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) factory, which specialized in underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) , especially in underpants (/wiki/Underpants) and vests (/wiki/Vest) . Established in the Aube (/wiki/Aube) , capital of the French textile industry in the nineteenth century, [2] (#cite_note-2) at that time the Saint-Joseph factory in Troyes (/wiki/Troyes) manufactured the entire production. In 1918 Étienne, the founder's son, invented underpants (/wiki/Underpants) without legs and buttons and replaced the rough wool by white unbleached cotton (/wiki/Cotton) . For greater convenience, he replaced the buttons by an elastic band at the waist and the thighs. However, the brand used the term "panties", which referred more to women's or children's underwear. Valton was inspired by the nursery rhyme Maman les p'tits bateaux (Mummy the little boats) for the name of this new underwear, and he registered it as his trademark. The Petit Bateau brand was thus registered in 1920 by the Valton-Quinquarlet company, and was symbolized at that time by the drawing of a little girl nicknamed Marinette. At the 1937 Universal Exhibition in Paris (/wiki/1937_Paris_Exhibition) , the company won the "Grand Prix de l'innovation" but it was really after the Second World War (/wiki/World_War_II) that the company developed and diversified its product range. In the late 1980s the company was on the verge of filing for bankruptcy; it was acquired in 1988 by the Rocher Group (/wiki/Yves_Rocher_(company)) , formerly the Yves Rocher Group, which beat a BNP (/wiki/BNP_Paribas_CIB) bid. The Rocher Group also includes Yves Rocher, Stanhome, Pierre Ricaud, Daniel Jouvance, Kiotis, ID Parfums, Flomar and Sabon. In the middle of the 1990s, in the midst of a minimalist (/wiki/Minimalism) trend, Petit Bateau became a “fashionable” brand: Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) had Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) walk the catwalk in a Petit Bateau T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) under his Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) suit, and success was immediate. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) The child's T-shirt she wore was then made available in adult sizes. [4] (#cite_note-4) T-shirt sales increased tenfold over the next three years. In 1994 Petit Bateau put on a fashion show. The designers seized on the child's white T-shirt and made it a fashion phenomenon. This event marked the entrance of the brand into the ready-to-wear market for adults. In 2000 Petit Bateau opened its flagship store on the Champs-Elysées (/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es) in Paris. In 2013 Gildas Loaëc and Masaya Kuroki were named artistic directors of the adult collections. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Today, Petit Bateau is a brand of clothing and underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) with century-old expertise and international influence. Present in Europe, Japan, China, the Middle East, Russia and the United States, its products are sold in nearly 400 Petit Bateau shops, 4,300 partner stores and also on its e-commerce website launched in 2006. All the collections are devised by the style teams located in Paris. In Troyes, in the historic Saint-Joseph factory, the designers bring them to life. Then comes the production of samples made by a dedicated team. Petit Bateau's inventions [ edit ] The little panties [ edit ] Until the early 1900s, children and adults wore long woollen underpants, uncomfortable and unhygienic. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Étienne Valton, son of the company's founder Pierre Valton and father of 13 children, listening to the nursery rhyme “Maman les p'tits bateaux” ("Mummy, do the little boats on the water have legs?”), [6] (#cite_note-6) had the idea of cutting off the legs of the long underpants of the time. The famous washable cotton panties (/wiki/Panties) were born. For greater convenience, the buttons were replaced by an elastic band at the waist and thighs. Offering children greater ease and freedom of movement, this creation represented a major shift for the family business. Étienne Valton was also inspired by this nursery rhyme for the brand's name, and he registered the trademark "Petit Bateau" in 1920. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 1937 the Petit Bateau panties received the "Grand Prix of Innovation" at the Universal Exhibition of Paris (/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne) . They gradually became more accessible and became part of the everyday life of women, emancipating them from the thick woollen undergarments worn in the nineteenth century. Today 3.5 million pairs of Petit Bateau cotton panties, the iconic product of the brand, requiring 2,520 metres of pure cotton yarn and a natural rubber elastic, are sold a year [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) and they are worn by celebrities like Jane Birkin (/wiki/Jane_Birkin) and Inès de La Fressange (/wiki/In%C3%A8s_de_La_Fressange) . The bodysuit [ edit ] It was by observing the special armholes of T-shirts worn by American soldiers (/wiki/G.I._(military)) , who could put on their underwear without taking off their helmets, that Petit Bateau invented its first baby bodysuits (/wiki/Bodysuit) in 1950 (/wiki/1950_in_France) , designed for ease and practicality. The Valton family devised a new way of putting on children's clothes: over the head, thanks to a more oval neckline. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1980 the Valton family continued to revisit the traditional bodysuit for babies by creating the first model with press stud (/wiki/Press_stud) closure between the legs to further facilitate the dressing and movement of toddlers. [8] (#cite_note-8) Materials [ edit ] Terry velours was born in 1960 in the Petit Bateau workshops. It is mainly used for children's pyjamas (/wiki/Pajamas) for its qualities of thermal insulation (/wiki/Thermal_insulation) . [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) Terry cloth bouclette, also mainly used by Petit Bateau for pyjamas (/wiki/Pajamas) or for bathing accessories and childcare (/wiki/Child_care) items, has a soft feel and offers a high level of wearing comfort. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 1970 the emblematic pinstripe cotton (/wiki/Pin_stripes) of the brand appeared. This completely new two-thread knitting required special knitting machines to create a thousand metres per kilogram. It is recognizable by the delicacy of its pattern, associated with the world of childhood. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 1990 the warmth of wool yarn was added to the softness of cotton when Petit Bateau created a new wool (/wiki/Wool) and cotton fabric that combined the properties of both materials, softness and warmth, designed to protect children from their outside environment. [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) Finishes [ edit ] The picot stitch and cocotte stitch are part of the identity finishes of the Petit Bateau brand. The picot stitch forms a free mini-loop, while the cocotte stitch is composed of tight stitches made by a procedure specifically invented by Petit Bateau in the 1960s. [13] (#cite_note-13) The Petit Bateau Icons [ edit ] The Petit Bateau collections are composed of certain permanent features season after season. From collection to collection, the brand's inventions are present (panties, pinstripe cotton, terry velours), but also garments that have become iconic. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) The Breton “marinière” striped top, the T-shirt, the vest top, [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) the panties, the waxed raincoat and the peacoat (/wiki/Pea_coat) are some of the essentials that the brand renews each season for children as well as adults. [15] (#cite_note-15) The Breton striped top made its appearance in the Petit Bateau collections during the 1995 spring-summer season. Since then, the brand has made it evolve each season in its cuts (round or admiral neckline, or American armholes) and its colours. [16] (#cite_note-16) Inspired by fishermen's oiled cloth (/wiki/Oilcloth) coats, Petit Bateau's yellow waxed raincoat was created in the summer of 1996. The brand now uses this element of the seafaring wardrobe in each of its collections. It revisits it with new colours and new forms, and has singled out this product of its range by using pinstripe cotton for its lining. [17] (#cite_note-17) The Petit Bateau T-shirt was originally an undergarment (/wiki/Undergarment) , born 120 years ago in Troyes, initially in wool, then in premium cotton. In the mid-1990s (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) , in the midst of a minimalist (/wiki/Minimalism) trend, Petit Bateau became a fashionable brand: [18] (#cite_note-18) Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) had Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) walk the catwalk in a Petit Bateau T-shirt under his Chanel suit (/wiki/Chanel) ; [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) the success was immediate. Underwear for children, the white Petit Bateau T-shirt became an outer garment, a new fashion icon worn by adults. Fuelling the phenomenon, the brand sent T-shirts to fashion editors, produced the model in adult sizes and launched its range of coloured T-shirts in 1996, to offer less " babyish " colours, such as black. Sales of T-shirts increased tenfold over the next three years and Petit Bateau made its entrance into the adult clothing department at Printemps Haussmann in 1999. [19] (#cite_note-:6-19) Today, sales of the Petit Bateau T-shirt amount to four million a year. [14] (#cite_note-:5-14) While the children's size range has been maintained to keep the house spirit, it has been extended to age 18 to dress adults as well. Since the 2000s collections have been developed specifically for adults. [19] (#cite_note-:6-19) Advertising [ edit ] Early campaigns [ edit ] Petit Bateau was one of the first brands to use advertising (/wiki/Advertising) , which it has done since 1920. Marinette, an imaginary character designed by the English illustrator (/wiki/Illustrator) Beatrice Mallet, represented the company with humour for thirty years. Her plump and mischievous look anchored the brand historically in playful and light-hearted advertising. The brand has always put the energy, creativity and freedom of children at the heart of its message. [20] (#cite_note-:2-20) Turning point [ edit ] Since the early 1990s Petit Bateau has worked with the BETC agency in the construction of its advertising campaigns. In 1994 the campaign "Don't do this, don't do that", punctuated by the song of Jacques Dutronc (/wiki/Jacques_Dutronc) , changed the face of advertising for children. The public discovered in these commercials the slogan "What's the use of having clothes if you can't do anything in them?" and the rallying cry "Petit Bateau! ". [20] (#cite_note-:2-20) The playfulness, spontaneity and cheerful tone of the campaign captivated people and the brand's popularity rose, supported by the new notoriety of the Petit Bateau T-shirt. In 2004 Petit Bateau addressed itself to adults by evoking the gentleness of the world of childhood with the slogan "For adults too". Four years later, BETC created the "Les Mois" (“The Months”) campaign for Petit Bateau with the aim of reconquering the adult market; "The weight of adults in brand communication makes it impossible to talk only about children," said Muriel Fagnoni, vice-president of the agency. [20] (#cite_note-:2-20) The slogan became "Forever" and the age of the adults was expressed in months. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2013 a new campaign by BETC, continuing the theme of "The Months", stressed the trans-generational dimension of Petit Bateau with the voluntarily incorrect syntax (/wiki/Syntax) : "Never old forever", and used photographs based on energy and spontaneity: the models skip, stick out their tongues, or dance. [20] (#cite_note-:2-20) Becoming international [ edit ] In 2015 Petit Bateau launched an advertising campaign based on the quality aspect of its products and the spontaneity of childhood. The Mini Factory commercial marked the international turning point of Petit Bateau. Created by BETC and directed by Patrick Daughters, it staged children in a secret factory that follows a fanciful production process, as if taken from a child's imagination. This film unveiled a complex process of fabrication and stress tests. In March 2016 the brand launched a printed campaign with the slogan " For serious kids " in English, which was a series of brightly colourful compositions. [22] (#cite_note-22) This campaign showed children dressing up in not very scary cardboard masks and taking over the city to live fantastic adventures. [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2017 Petit Bateau released a new advertising film directed by Luis Cervero. The spectator followed the day of a Petit Bateau Breton stripe sweatshirt subjected to the test of children. In this advertisement, the sweatshirt accompanies the daily life of children. The commercial retains the spirit of the brand through a sequence of 72 shots in one minute, punctuated by the title line of Plastic Bertrand's Ça plane pour moi (/wiki/%C3%87a_plane_pour_moi) . [24] (#cite_note-24) A follower of popular melodies since its creation, its own name being inspired by the famous nursery rhyme “Maman les p'tits bateaux” (“ Mummy do the little boats that go on the water have legs?”) , the brand strengthened its musical identity in 2017 by reusing Jacques Dutronc (/wiki/Jacques_Dutronc) 's song released in 1978. [25] (#cite_note-25) Collaborations [ edit ] Guest designers [ edit ] Petit Bateau collaborates with many fashion brands. Guillaume Henry of Carven House (/wiki/Carven) , [26] (#cite_note-26) Tsumori Chisato (/wiki/Tsumori_Chisato) , [27] (#cite_note-27) Didier Ludot, [28] (#cite_note-28) Cédric Charlier (/wiki/C%C3%A9dric_Charlier) , [29] (#cite_note-29) Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , [30] (#cite_note-30) Maison Kitsuné (/wiki/Kitsun%C3%A9) , [31] (#cite_note-31) Jean-Charles de Castelbajac (/wiki/Jean-Charles_de_Castelbajac) [32] (#cite_note-32) [n 1] (#cite_note-33) and Inès de la Fressange (/wiki/In%C3%A8s_de_La_Fressange) [33] (#cite_note-34) have created capsule collections, revisiting classic pieces in their own way. Sometimes, it is Petit Bateau which revisits the iconic pieces of other brands, as in its collaboration with K-way. [34] (#cite_note-35) Guest illustrators [ edit ] Beyond the world of fashion, Petit Bateau establishes partnerships with illustrators (/wiki/Illustrator) from various horizons, from contemporary children's literature to the alternative culture of the 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_Western_fashion) . Thus, the house of Deyrolle (/w/index.php?title=Deyrolle_(taxidermie)&action=edit&redlink=1) , [35] (#cite_note-36) Keith Haring (/wiki/Keith_Haring) , [36] (#cite_note-37) Hervé Tullet (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Tullet) [37] (#cite_note-38) or the emblematic authors of L'École des loisirs (Claude Ponti, Tomi Ungerer, Mario Ramos, Dorothée de Monfreid and Iris Moüy) have each in their turn stamped their style on T-shirts, panties and bodysuits. [38] (#cite_note-39) Patronage of the Palais de Tokyo's Tok Tok workshops [ edit ] Since February 2017 Petit Bateau has supported the Palais de Tokyo (/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo) in its approach to young audiences. Petit Bateau is a sponsor of the Tok-Tok activities for children aged 5 to 10 which make children aware of contemporary art by making them actors of creation themselves. Experimentation, imagination, recreation: a fun way to familiarize children with contemporary art. As part of this partnership, Petit Bateau also produces Tok-Tok videos in which artists present their work to children in a pedagogic way and invite them to create, at home, a unique creation influenced by their work. [39] (#cite_note-40) Production and quality [ edit ] The company has been accused by the UFC-Que Choisir (/wiki/UFC_Que_Choisir) of deceiving the consumer. According to Fabienne Maleysson, the company is a "past master" in the art of making customers believe that their products are made in France, more particularly in Troyes. She estimates in her article that only 20% of the production is made in France and 80% in North Africa. [40] (#cite_note-41) This publication is criticized by Jean-Pierre Lambour, secretary of the works council; the union delegate stresses the fact that the company still employs 1,100 people in the Aube and 2,000 in France while the majority of companies in the hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) sector have closed. [41] (#cite_note-42) On the occasion of its 120th anniversary, Petit Bateau produced an urban photographic journey directed by Stéphane Remael, consisting of 42 images paying tribute to the workers of the company who, according to Patrick Pergament, CEO of the company, "perpetuate French know-how". [42] (#cite_note-43) 45% of the knitting (/wiki/Knitting) and dyeing is done in the Petit Bateau St Joseph factory in Troyes (/wiki/Troyes) , [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) the remaining 55% being done in the Petit Bateau factory in Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) created in 1989. [43] (#cite_note-lemonde.fr-44) As for the manufacture, 85% of the clothes ( underpants (/wiki/Underpants) , pyjamas (/wiki/Pajamas) , panties or T-shirts) are made in the Petit Bateau factory in Marrakech (/wiki/Marrakesh) and in the partner production plants in Morocco and Tunisia. [44] (#cite_note-45) As underlined by François Hollande (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande) after a visit to the workshops of the historic site of the Troyes factory in April 2017, [45] (#cite_note-46) if they had not made the decision to move a portion of their production to North Africa, Petit Bateau would no longer exist in Troyes. Regarding the remaining 15%, Petit Bateau collaborates with manufacturers with expertise complementary to that of the brand. Thus, products such as raincoats or trousers are produced by about thirty external suppliers, installed in particular in Eastern Europe and Asia. [43] (#cite_note-lemonde.fr-44) The sustainable approach (/wiki/Sustainability) of the house also has an influence on the sales packaging (/wiki/Packaging_and_labeling) , from which plastic has been banned. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) Petit Bateau is committed to a sustainable approach in 2017, by developing recycling (/wiki/Recycling) between individuals based on the circular economy (/wiki/Circular_economy) . Called “Faites passer les Petit Bateau [46] (#cite_note-47) ”(Pass on the “Petit Bateau”) the webspace of this Petit Bateau application puts sellers and buyers of the brand's used clothing – which is deemed almost indestructible - in contact free of charge. Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-33) 1. In 2015, the French fashion designer and artist Jean-Charles de Castelbajac signed a capsule collection for Petit Bateau, inspired by his memories of holidays in Brittany. It featured a Breton stripe sweatshirt with patent-leather shoulders, a waxed raincoat slit on both sides for bike riding, stripes, nautical designs, and poster paint colours. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) http://www.tendances-de-mode.com/2010/05/19/1756-petit-bateau (http://www.tendances-de-mode.com/2010/05/19/1756-petit-bateau) « Petit Bateau », by Lise Huret on tendances-de-mode.com , May 19, 2010 (consulted October 27, 2014). ^ (#cite_ref-2) EOLAS. "La bonneterie : l'Aube, capitale de la maille - Département de l'Aube" (http://www.aube.fr/501-la-bonneterie-l-aube-capitale-de-la-maille.htm) . www.aube.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Petit Bateau: the boat that rocked - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10253137/The-boat-that-rocked.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fauconnier, Virginie (15 February 2013). "Petit Bateau rhabille les 18-108 ans" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190313054949/http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/plaisir/petit-bateau-rhabille-les-18-108-ans-11-02-2013-2558471.php) . Le Parisien (21286): 80–81. Archived from the original (http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/plaisir/petit-bateau-rhabille-les-18-108-ans-11-02-2013-2558471.php) on 2019-03-13. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Elle porte la culotte" (http://www.liberation.fr/societe/2009/08/11/elle-porte-la-culotte_575338) . Libération.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Petit Bateau (Marque de mode) - Tendances de Mode" (https://www.tendances-de-mode.com/2010/05/19/1756-petit-bateau) . www.tendances-de-mode.com . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Comment Petit Bateau s'est inspiré des G.I.'s américains" (http://www.rtl.fr/actu/conso/comment-petit-bateau-s-est-inspire-des-g-i-s-americains-7779390462) . RTL Radio, Émission "Il était une marque" . 14 August 2015 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Télématin" (http://www.france2.fr/emissions/telematin/culture/une-marque-drolement-culottee_553053) . www.france2.fr . 14 February 2017. ^ Jump up to: a b c Conso, L. S. A. (5 April 2012). "Petit Bateau vogue sur les codes de l'enfance" (http://www.lsa-conso.fr/petit-bateau-vogue-sur-les-codes-de-l-enfance,129316) . lsa-conso.fr . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Sandie Meusnier (11 May 2007). "Et vogue le Petit Bateau !" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/et-vogue-le-petit-bateau-110507-5185) . Madame Figaro . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Petit Bateau : 91 ans au service des petits comme des grands" (http://www.glamourparis.com/mode/news/articles/petit-bateau-91-ans-au-service-des-petits-comme-des-grands/33680) . Glamour Paris . 15 August 2011 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Petit Bateau a des jambes et marche bien" (https://www.ouest-france.fr/economie/industries/petit-bateau-des-jambes-et-marche-bien-4481024) . Ouest-France.fr . 27 December 2012 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Visite privée dans les coulisses de la collection été de Petit Bateau" (http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/envies/visite-privee-dans-les-coulisses-de-la-collection-ete-de-petit-bateau-05-05-2017-6914025.php) . leparisien.fr . 5 May 2017 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Petit Bateau : et vogue la légende…" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/petit-bateau-vogue-legende-140711-168597) . Madame Figaro . 14 July 2011 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Success story : la culotte Petit Bateau" (http://www.marieclaire.fr/,l-histoire-de-la-marque-petit-bateau,817736.asp) . Marie Claire (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Petit Bateau réinvente la marinière" (http://www.femmeactuelle.fr/mode/news-mode/petit-bateau-collection-mariniere-31554) . Femme Actuelle . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Mode. Quand le pêcheur breton envahit les dressings" (http://jactiv.ouest-france.fr/vie-pratique/mode/mode-quand-pecheur-breton-envahit-dressings-67748) . jactiv.ouest-france.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Catherine., Ormen-Corpet (2000). Modes XIXe-XXe siècles . Paris: Hazan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 2850257303 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 412433026 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/412433026) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Petit Bateau mène sa marque" (http://www.lexpress.fr/informations/petit-bateau-mene-sa-marque_648652.html) . LExpress.fr . 13 June 2002 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Petit Bateau : 1 440 mois et vogue le succès - Stratégies" (https://www.strategies.fr/etudes-tendances/tendances/218483W/petit-bateau-1-440-mois-et-vogue-le-succes.html) . Stratégies (in French). 2013-09-05 . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Ruaud, Sabine; Boulocher, Véronique (2017-02-26). Analyse de marché: De la définition au diagnostic (in French). Vuibert. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9782311403466 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Petit Bateau: For Serious Kids by BETC Paris" (http://www.thedrum.com/creative-works/project/betc-paris-petit-bateau-serious-kids) . The Drum . March 2016 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Le tourbillon Petit Bateau" (http://www.cbnews.fr/nl-Media/le-tourbillon-petit-bateau-a1023675) . CB News . 5 November 2015 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Mélanie Roosen (28 August 2017). "Petit Bateau revient en mode crash test" (http://www.ladn.eu/mondes-creatifs/top-des-pubs/petit-bateau-revient-en-mode-crash-test/) . ladn.eu . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Petit Bateau se met à la musique avec Spotify" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/enfants/petit-bateau-se-met-a-la-musique-140916-116495) . Madame Figaro (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Média, Prisma. "Carven en eaux chics avec Petit Bateau - Gala" (http://www.gala.fr/mode/tendances_mode/carven_en_eaux_chics_avec_petit_bateau_272114) . Gala.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Trochu, Eugénie. "Tsumori Chisato et Petit Bateau, saison 2" (https://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/tsumori-chisato-et-petit-bateau-saison-2/19884) . Vogue (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Mode" (http://www.cosmopolitan.fr/mode,2002.asp2) . Cosmopolitan.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Cédric Charlier revisite la marinière Petit Bateau - Elle" (http://www.elle.fr/Mode/Les-news-mode/Autres-news/Cedric-Charlier-revisite-la-mariniere-Petit-Bateau-2761120) (in French). 2014-09-04 . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Grazia.fr (2013-09-19). "Christian Lacroix emmène Petit Bateau à l'Opéra Garnier" (http://www.grazia.fr/galerie/christian-lacroix-emmene-petit-bateau-a-l-opera-garnier-561059) . Grazia.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Collaboration : quand Petit Bateau accueille à son bord la maison Kitsuné" (http://o.nouvelobs.com/mode/20120727.OBS8314/collaboration-quand-petit-bateau-accueille-a-son-bord-la-maison-kitsune.html) . O (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Jean-Charles de Castelbajac embarque pour Petit Bateau" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/jean-charles-de-castelbajac-embarque-pour-petit-bateau-070915-98045) . Madame Figaro (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Assor, Constance (2016-08-29). "Petit Bateau donne carte blanche à Inès de la Fressange" (http://www.lepoint.fr/mode-design/petit-bateau-donne-carte-blanche-a-ines-de-la-fressange-29-08-2016-2064509_265.php) . Le Point (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Grazia.fr (2015-07-24). "K-Way x Petit Bateau : quand l'imper fusionne avec la marinière" (https://www.grazia.fr/mode/k-way-x-petit-bateau-quand-l-imper-fusionne-avec-la-mariniere-776585) . Grazia.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Petit Bateau la joue naturaliste avec Deyrolle" (http://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Petit-Bateau-la-joue-naturaliste-avec-Deyrolle,797319.html) . FashionNetwork.com . 24 February 2017 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Périer, Marie. "Petit Bateau x Keith Haring, la collection pop pour petits et grands" (http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/diaporama/la-collection-petit-bateau-x-keith-haring-pour-petits-et-grands/31227#la-collection-petit-bateau-x-keith-haring-pour-petits-et-grands-2_image1) . Vogue (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Les gribouillis de Petit Bateau et Hervé Tullet" (http://www.dailyelle.fr/pourquoi-cest-important/les-gribouillis-de-petit-bateau-et-herve-tullet-90597) . www.dailyelle.fr . 16 April 2013 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Collection capsule : Petit Bateau + L'école des loisirs" (http://www.milkmagazine.net/collection-capsule-petit-bateau-lecole-des-loisirs/) . MilK (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Les tutos vidéos des ateliers Tok-Tok avec Petit Bateau" (http://www.ladn.eu/news-business/actualites-annonceurs/les-tutos-videos-des-ateliers-tok-tok-avec-petit-bateau/) . L’ADN . 10 April 2017 . Retrieved 21 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Made in France – Une marque nous mène en bateau" (https://www.quechoisir.org/actualite-made-in-france-une-marque-nous-mene-en-bateau-n8765/) (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Pour ses 120 ans, Petit Bateau rend hommage à ses ouvriers" (http://www.lemonde.fr/m-styles/article/2013/05/15/pour-ses-120-ans-petit-bateau-rend-hommage-a-ses-ouvriers_3228158_4497319.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French). 15 May 2013 . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Petit Bateau fête ses 120 ans à Troyes" (http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/2013/05/13/97002-20130513FILWWW00584-petit-bateau-fete-ses-120-ans-a-troyes.php) . FIGARO . 13 May 2013 . Retrieved 2017-12-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Petit Bateau cherche à multiplier les partenariats à l'international" (http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2012/10/04/petit-bateau-cherche-a-multiplier-les-partenariats-a-l-international_1770155_3234.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French). 4 October 2012 . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Soldes : que cache l'étiquette de votre tee-shirt ?" (https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/bangladesh/soldes-que-cache-l-etiquette-de-votre-tee-shirt_497512.html) . Franceinfo (in French). 2014-01-08 . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Vidéo - François Hollande visite l'usine de Petit Bateau ce jeudi matin" (http://www.lest-eclair.fr/19854/article/2017-04-06/video-francois-hollande-visite-l-usine-de-petit-bateau-ce-jeudi-matin) . lest-eclair.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Petit Bateau lance son appli de recyclage" (http://www.milkmagazine.net/petit-bateau-lance-son-appli-de-recyclage/) . MilK (in French) . Retrieved 2018-02-22 . External links [ edit ] Petit Bateau at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Petit_Bateau) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Petit_Bateau) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Petit_Bateau) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Petit_Bateau) from Wikiquote Texts (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Petit_Bateau) from Wikisource Textbooks (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Petit_Bateau) from Wikibooks Resources (https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Petit_Bateau) from Wikiversity Official website (https://www.petit-bateau.com/) United Kingdom (UK) Website (https://www.petit-bateau.co.uk/) United Arab Emirates (UAE) EN Website (https://www.petit-bateau.ae/en/) United Arab Emirates (UAE) AR Website (https://www.petit-bateau.ae/ar/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐rh8cp Cached time: 20240720212224 Cache expiry: 959858 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.442 seconds Real time usage: 0.547 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3436/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 90560/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1787/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 170225/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.274/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6233963/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 483.106 1 -total 54.26% 262.155 2 Template:Reflist 27.32% 132.003 19 Template:Cite_web 19.45% 93.943 1 Template:Infobox_company 17.59% 84.985 1 Template:Infobox 14.76% 71.315 22 Template:Cite_news 12.73% 61.492 1 Template:Short_description 7.88% 38.057 1 Template:Sister_project_links 7.49% 36.199 2 Template:Pagetype 3.53% 17.047 9 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44235791-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720212224 and revision id 1219000800. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petit_Bateau&oldid=1219000800 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petit_Bateau&oldid=1219000800) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of France (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_France) 1920 establishments in France (/wiki/Category:1920_establishments_in_France) 1988 mergers and acquisitions (/wiki/Category:1988_mergers_and_acquisitions) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata) Pages using Sister project links with default search (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search) |
Pertains to environmental suits (/wiki/Environmental_suit) , which protect the wearer from environmental extremes or contamination. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐757b695c56‐jdsrp Cached time: 20240715212229 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.004 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2302805-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715212229 and revision id 981036615. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. S Spacesuits (/wiki/Category:Spacesuits) (3 C, 13 P) Pages in category "Environmental suits" The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Environmental suit (/wiki/Environmental_suit) 0–9 2suit (/wiki/2suit) A Air conditioned clothing (/wiki/Air_conditioned_clothing) Apollo/Skylab spacesuit (/wiki/Apollo/Skylab_spacesuit) Atmospheric diving suit (/wiki/Atmospheric_diving_suit) C Chemturion (/wiki/Chemturion) Cleanroom suit (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) D Demilitarization Protective Ensemble (/wiki/Demilitarization_Protective_Ensemble) Diving suit (/wiki/Diving_suit) Dry suit (/wiki/Dry_suit) E Extreme cold weather clothing (/wiki/Extreme_cold_weather_clothing) F Fire proximity suit (/wiki/Fire_proximity_suit) G G-suit (/wiki/G-suit) H Hazmat suit (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) J JIM suit (/wiki/JIM_suit) M Mercury spacesuit (/wiki/Mercury_spacesuit) MOPP (protective gear) (/wiki/MOPP_(protective_gear)) N NBC suit (/wiki/NBC_suit) Newtsuit (/wiki/Newtsuit) P Positive pressure personnel suit (/wiki/Positive_pressure_personnel_suit) Pressure suit (/wiki/Pressure_suit) R Racal suit (/wiki/Racal_suit) S Ski suit (/wiki/Ski_suit) Space suit (/wiki/Space_suit) Standard diving dress (/wiki/Standard_diving_dress) Strizh (space suit) (/wiki/Strizh_(space_suit)) V VKK flight suit (/wiki/VKK_flight_suit) W WASP atmospheric diving system (/wiki/WASP_atmospheric_diving_system) Wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Environmental_suits&oldid=981036615 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Environmental_suits&oldid=981036615) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Safety clothing (/wiki/Category:Safety_clothing) One-piece suits (/wiki/Category:One-piece_suits) Protective gear (/wiki/Category:Protective_gear) |
Lebanese fashion designer and hairdresser Gaby Joseph Saliba ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : غابي صليبا ) is a Lebanese fashion designer and hairdresser, noted for his elegant wedding costumes in his range called Gaby Saliba Haute Couture . He owns the fashion house Anfeh in El Koura (/wiki/El_Koura) in northern Lebanon. [1] (#cite_note-1) Saliba's garments regularly feature in women's fashion magazines across the Arab world, including on the cover of Issue 38 of CHOC (/wiki/CHOC_(magazine)) magazine. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In March 2011 he appeared on MTV (/wiki/MTV) Lebanon in Window Weddings , discussing his range. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Gaby Saliba" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120306003546/http://www.lebanonweddings.com/gallery/gallery.php?gid=60) . Lebanon Weddings.com. Archived from the original (http://www.lebanonweddings.com/gallery/gallery.php?gid=60) on 6 March 2012 . Retrieved 22 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Gaby Saliba Wedding Dresses Collection 2012" (http://www.fashionfashion.org/gaby-saliba-wedding-dresses-collection-2012/) . Fashionfashion.org . Retrieved 22 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Home" (http://www.chocmagazine.com/) . CHOC (/wiki/CHOC_(magazine)) . Retrieved 22 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Window Weddings:Gaby Saliba" (http://mtv.com.lb/Window_Wedding/03_03_2011?type=1&filter=0) . MTV (/wiki/MTV) . Retrieved 22 February 2012 . [ permanent dead link ] External links [ edit ] Official site (http://www.gabycreation.com/) Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfx8XbgR1Z4) Photograph of a Gaby Saliba billboard in Beirut (http://lh6.ggpht.com/_Jy_GbkeZGUA/Ta5-mPfT12I/AAAAAAAAB8U/bzzgdkreOXw/gaby%5B3%5D.jpg) Lebanon Weddings Hairdressers (http://lebanonperfectwedding.com/category/hairdressers) A list of hairdressers in Lebanon Lebanon Weddings Gowns (http://lebanonperfectwedding.com/category/wedding-gowns) A list of wedding gowns services in Lebanon This Lebanese biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Saliba&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐cdbwv Cached time: 20240713183815 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.367 seconds Real time usage: 0.554 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 583/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11794/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1381/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18877/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.278/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15010916/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 536.306 1 -total 35.94% 192.752 1 Template:Reflist 26.18% 140.381 4 Template:Cite_web 20.17% 108.186 1 Template:Short_description 18.76% 100.596 1 Template:Lang-ar 17.99% 96.468 1 Template:Lebanon-bio-stub 14.64% 78.518 1 Template:Asbox 9.24% 49.545 2 Template:Pagetype 8.30% 44.506 5 Template:Main_other 7.72% 41.390 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34843227-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713183815 and revision id 1212718680. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Saliba&oldid=1212718680 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaby_Saliba&oldid=1212718680) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lebanese fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_fashion_designers) Hairdressers (/wiki/Category:Hairdressers) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Wedding dress designers (/wiki/Category:Wedding_dress_designers) Lebanese people stubs (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_people_stubs) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from March 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_March_2024) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles containing Arabic-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles) |
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐cc8b66f75‐tv2fw Cached time: 20240704172955 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61763544-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704172955 and revision id 915332772. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing rental companies" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B The Black Tux (/wiki/The_Black_Tux) G Generation Tux (/wiki/Generation_Tux) GlamCorner (/wiki/GlamCorner) L Le Tote (/wiki/Le_Tote) M Moss Bros Group (/wiki/Moss_Bros_Group) MW Tux (/wiki/MW_Tux) R Rent the Runway (/wiki/Rent_the_Runway) T The Volte (company) (/wiki/The_Volte_(company)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_rental_companies&oldid=915332772 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_rental_companies&oldid=915332772) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Renting (/wiki/Category:Renting) Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) |
Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Vietnam portal (/wiki/Portal:Vietnam) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐wllx2 Cached time: 20240713191759 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.042 seconds Real time usage: 0.059 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1502/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.022/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 715083/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 44.799 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 44.799 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:14287174-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713191759 and revision id 921936266. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Vietnamese women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_women_fashion_designers) (2 P) Pages in category "Vietnamese fashion designers" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . H Đặng Thị Minh Hạnh (/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng_Th%E1%BB%8B_Minh_H%E1%BA%A1nh) N Thai Nguyen (fashion designer) (/wiki/Thai_Nguyen_(fashion_designer)) P Peter Do (/wiki/Peter_Do) Project Runway Vietnam (/wiki/Project_Runway_Vietnam) T Thuy Diep (/wiki/Thuy_Diep) Tôn Hiếu Anh (/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Hi%E1%BA%BFu_Anh) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Vietnamese_fashion_designers&oldid=921936266 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Vietnamese_fashion_designers&oldid=921936266) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Vietnamese designers (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_designers) |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Modeling agencies (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modeling_agencies) . Modeling agencies (/wiki/Modeling_agency) Talent agencies (/wiki/Category:Talent_agencies) representing models (/wiki/Model_(person)) — for still photographers, television commercials, runway models, and as celebrities and performers. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cx787 Cached time: 20240721031228 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.049 seconds Real time usage: 0.083 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 134/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2608/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 368/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.026/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946166/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 73.267 1 -total 95.79% 70.183 1 Template:Commons_category 93.19% 68.279 1 Template:Sister_project 91.02% 66.688 1 Template:Side_box 6.07% 4.450 1 Template:Replace 4.07% 2.984 1 Template:C Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41932193-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721031228 and revision id 1075564752. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Models by modeling agency (/wiki/Category:Models_by_modeling_agency) (9 C) Pages in category "Modeling agencies" The following 33 pages are in this category, out of 33 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Modeling agency (/wiki/Modeling_agency) ! List of modeling agencies (/wiki/List_of_modeling_agencies) 0–9 01familia (/wiki/01familia) E Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) Elizabeth Elohor Isiorho (/wiki/Elizabeth_Elohor_Isiorho) F Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) I IMG (company) (/wiki/IMG_(company)) IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) International Modeling and Talent Association (/wiki/International_Modeling_and_Talent_Association) K KPlus (/wiki/KPlus) L The Lions (agency) (/wiki/The_Lions_(agency)) Look (modeling agency) (/wiki/Look_(modeling_agency)) Look Model Agency (/wiki/Look_Model_Agency) Louisa Models (/wiki/Louisa_Models) M Marilyn Agency (/wiki/Marilyn_Agency) Mother agent (/wiki/Mother_agent) Munich Models (/wiki/Munich_Models) N Next Management (/wiki/Next_Management) P Platinum Production (/wiki/Platinum_Production) R Gavin Robinson (model agent) (/wiki/Gavin_Robinson_(model_agent)) S Select Model Management (/wiki/Select_Model_Management) Silent Models (/wiki/Silent_Models) The Society Management (/wiki/The_Society_Management) Stardust Promotion (/wiki/Stardust_Promotion) Storm Management (/wiki/Storm_Management) T Trump Model Management (/wiki/Trump_Model_Management) TUARON (/wiki/TUARON) U Ugly Models (/wiki/Ugly_Models) V VIVA Model Management (/wiki/VIVA_Model_Management) W Why Not Model Management (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Management) Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) Z Zoli Agency (/wiki/Zoli_Agency) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Modeling_agencies&oldid=1075564752 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Modeling_agencies&oldid=1075564752) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Modeling (profession) (/wiki/Category:Modeling_(profession)) Talent agencies (/wiki/Category:Talent_agencies) Entertainment companies (/wiki/Category:Entertainment_companies) Mass media companies (/wiki/Category:Mass_media_companies) Models (profession) (/wiki/Category:Models_(profession)) Talent and literary agencies (/wiki/Category:Talent_and_literary_agencies) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) |
This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The United States National Park Service (/wiki/United_States_National_Park_Service) , often referred to as the USNPS or NPS, is run by the United States Department of Interior (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Interior) and is charged with protecting, preserving, and interpreting the nation's national parks (/wiki/National_park) . While the first national park, Yellowstone (/wiki/Yellowstone) , was created in 1872, the National Park Service has only existed since 1916. There was no unifying dress for park officials until the United States Army Cavalry (/wiki/United_States_Army_Cavalry) took over the protection of the parks in 1886. For nearly a century since it was officially established, the USNPS underwent several major uniform changes, although several items, such as the distinctive campaign hat, are carry-overs from the early days. Eventually, the uniform became the gray shirt and green trousers that can be seen on NPS Rangers today. Early dress: 1872 to 1886 [ edit ] During the early years of national parks (1870s and 1880s), before there was such an organization as the United States National Park Service, there was no specific unifying dress code for employees. The man credited with being the first park ranger, Harry Yount (/wiki/Harry_Yount) , wore clothing typical of the late 19th century outdoorsmen. Civilian shirts and wide brimmed hats were mixed and matched with a U.S. Army coat, knee boots, and a variety of buckskin items and animal hide trousers. The employees who came after him followed suit, combining old Army uniforms with civilian clothes, making it hard to distinguish who was a guardian and who was not. Military occupation: 1886 to 1916 [ edit ] On August 18, 1886, the U.S. Army Cavalry arrived in the new park system. Sent in to discourage poachers, defend the forests and stop rampant stagecoach robbery, the Cavalry was easily recognizable by their uniforms, unlike the early "game keepers". The cavalrymen wore riding boots, jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) , and short waist-length tunics of olive drab, which had flat collars. The most distinctive feature was the soldier's " campaign hat (/wiki/Campaign_hat) ", a stiff, wide-brimmed hat of straw or felt with a medium-sized, cylindrical crown that came to a rounded peak. In modern times, this hat has been popularized by the U.S. Forest Service (/wiki/U.S._Forest_Service) 's Smokey Bear (/wiki/Smokey_Bear) , and NPS employees in the 21st century still wear the distinctive campaign hat (or "flat hat" as rangers call it) when in Class A uniform, a direct link back to the 19th century. The military also hired civilian scouts, identified by their badges. These circular nickel badges were printed with " Yellowstone Park (/wiki/Yellowstone_Park) Scout" around a five pointed star, [1] (#cite_note-nps1-1) strongly resembling the stereotypical western Sheriff's badges. Clothing for these employees probably stayed at the wearer's discretion until 1907, when the Forest Service began having its rangers purchase official dress. The NPS decided to adopt a similar style, and after several years of internal arguments (several parks had already established uniforms, and quite a few people thought uniforms should be voluntary), rangers across the nation were kitted out in identical clothes. By 1911, the Department of the Interior (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior) finalized the outfit that would mark employees as park rangers. The flat hat, or campaign hat, was kept by designers, and the breeches (/wiki/Breeches) and puttees (/wiki/Puttee) that were worn resembled those of the cavalry officers that still occupied the parks. The biggest difference between the rangers' and the cavalry officers' uniforms was the tunic; the ranger's tunic of 1911 was basically a Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) worn without a belt. It had a high collar, no epaulets (/wiki/Epaulette) , only two pockets (as opposed to the traditional four), and did not fit to the wearers form, as the coat had a more rectangular shape to it. The settled color was to be olive drab (/wiki/Olive-drab) , since the Forest Service uniform had already used dark green. By 1912, the style was changed and it continued to change regularly for the next several decades. The 1912 uniform was the officially-approved start of the olive drab color, previous uniforms had been the same shade of green that the Forest Service wore. It also marked the start of a separate summer and winter uniform, which was much needed by rangers in the colder parks. The riding breeches, puttees and boots were kept, but the hat was changed to the Alpine style (/wiki/Alpine_Hat) , and the coat was altered from the Norfolk style. It became slightly more fitted, pockets were put back on, and the collar, while still high, turned down. Rangers also wore vests under their coats. The buttons which accompanied this uniform were inscribed with the words "National Park Service" at the top, even though the organization would not use this name for another four years. The badge now used by the park rangers (possibly in use since 1905, when the Forest Service split away from the Department of the Interior) was a tin or nickel-plated two inch circle. In the center was stamped an eagle surrounded by a decorative rope edge. There were still internal disagreements as to the style and some rangers refused to wear uniforms at all, reasoning that plain clothes were far more effective when dealing with lawbreakers. In 1914, the Department added shirts to the list of items becoming "uniform" for all officials. Coats once again had four pockets, although many rangers still wore old style uniforms, having paid for the clothes themselves. At this point in time, there were two main types of uniforms, each named after the person who designed the differing details: the West coast (/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States) rangers generally wore what was called the Daniels uniform , while the East coast (/w/index.php?title=East_Coast_of_the_United_State&action=edit&redlink=1) rangers dressed in the older Eisner uniform , which was the style started in 1912. The uniform selection would remain the decision of individual parks for another several years; this included civilian clothes in Yellowstone, and military uniforms in Yosemite (/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park) , until it became illegal in 1916 for anyone outside of the military to wear those particular uniforms. same hat style is worn by Royal Canadian Mounted Police and many state troopers, and even Smokey Bear. Most distinctive aspect of the NPS uniform is its gray and green color, introduced with the Uniform Regulations of 1920. Little has changed since then. Rangers now wear shoes, trousers, and skirts instead of boots and breeches. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-nps1_1-0) Wright, David G. "Badges and Insignia" (https://home.nps.gov/subjects/hfc/upload/Badges-and-Insignia-R.pdf) (PDF) . National Park Service . Retrieved 9 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Knapp, Pat (14 September 2016). "National Park Service Identity and Signage" (https://segd.org/national-park-service-identity-and-signage) . segd.org . Retrieved June 10, 2017 . Sources [ edit ] Badges and Insignia . A Publication of the National Park Service History Collection, Harpers Ferry Center, Harpers Ferry, WV 1991. Uniform history, specifically badges and insignia, from 1894 to 1991; number 1 in the "National Park Service Uniforms" series. Badges and Uniform Ornamentation of the National Park Service by R. Bryce Workman Workman, R. Bryce (February 1994). National Park Service Uniforms: In Search of an Identity, 1872-1920 . DIANE Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7881-8791-9 . Ironing Out the Wrinkles . A Publication of the National Park Service History Collection, Office of Library, Archives and Graphics Research, Harpers Ferry Center, Harpers Ferry, WV 1995. Uniform history from 1920 to 1932; number 3 in the "National Park Service Uniforms" series. Breeches, Blouses, and Skirts . A Publication of the National Park Service History Collection, Office of Library, Archives and Graphics Research, Harpers Ferry Center, Harpers Ferry, WV 1998. Uniform history for women's uniforms, from 1918 to 1991; number 4 in the "National Park Service Uniforms" series. The Developing Years . A Publication of the National Park Service History Collection, Office of Library, Archives and Graphics Research, Harpers Ferry Center, Harpers Ferry, WV 1998. Uniform history from 1932 to 1970; number 5 in the "National Park Service Uniforms" series. 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French fashion designer and couturier (1935 – 2013) Jean-Louis Scherrer Born ( 1935-02-19 ) 19 February 1935 Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Died 20 June 2013 (2013-06-20) (aged 78) Paris, France Nationality French Label Jean-Louis Scherrer Awards Legion of Honour (/wiki/Legion_of_Honour) (2009) [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Jean-Louis Scherrer (19 February 1935 – 20 June 2013) was a Parisian (/wiki/Paris) fashion designer and couturier (/wiki/Haute_couture) . Although he had name recognition and was known for his work, he is mainly noted for being the first couture designer to be sacked from their own-name label in 1992. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Career [ edit ] Born in Paris, [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) Scherrer trained as a dancer at the Conservatoire de Paris (/wiki/Conservatoire_de_Paris) until he injured his back, which put him out of action for three months. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) He then decided to focus on fashion design, and in 1956, joined Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) as an assistant designer alongside Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Following Dior's death in 1957, Scherrer worked under Saint Laurent, and then for Louis Féraud (/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9raud) , [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) before launching his own fashion house in 1962 on the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré (/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint-Honor%C3%A9) with the backing of Jacques Chabrol, a French millionaire. [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) In the mid-1960s Scherrer had an agreement with the American department store Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) to grant them exclusive rights to reproduce and resell his designs in the States. [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) His clients included Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing (/wiki/Anne-Aymone_Giscard_d%27Estaing) , Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) , and Raquel Welch (/wiki/Raquel_Welch) , who wore Scherrer animal-print dresses in the 1977 film L'Animal (/wiki/Animal_(1977_film)) . [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) By the 1980s, his work was known for its opulence and luxury, with many garments hand-beaded, embroidered and lavishly trimmed. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) His extremely expensive designs were popular with the wealthy wives of Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) oil tycoons, but after the Gulf War (/wiki/Gulf_War) broke out, they stopped purchasing his clothes. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Dismissal [ edit ] In 1990 Scherrer was fired without warning by his then business partners, Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) and Ilona Gestion (/w/index.php?title=Ilona_Gestion&action=edit&redlink=1) , who held a 90% controlling stake in the business. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Although the sacking was publicly criticised by high-profile figures in the French fashion industry including Marc Bohan (/wiki/Marc_Bohan) , and Saint Laurent's co-founder Pierre Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) , there was little that could be done. [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) The fashion historian Colin McDowell (/wiki/Colin_McDowell) described it as "a salutary warning of the dangers of putting too many eggs in one basket, of not keeping control of one's business and, according to some, of designer hubris". [1] (#cite_note-gobit-1) Scherrer himself described the method of his sacking as "Comme on aurait renvoyé la bonne" ("as you would dismiss the maid"). Erik Mortensen (/wiki/Erik_Mortensen) replaced Scherrer at Jean-Louis Scherrer , and from 1997 to 2007 Stéphane Rolland (/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Rolland) was designer for the fashion house before it closed permanently in 2008. [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) The brand, which as of 2013, specialises in licensed products, [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) is currently owned by the Dumesnil Group (/w/index.php?title=Dumesnil_Group&action=edit&redlink=1) . [3] (#cite_note-telobit-3) Death [ edit ] On 20 June 2013, Scherrer died in a palliative care (/wiki/Palliative_care) clinic in Paris following a 10 month illness. [3] (#cite_note-telobit-3) He was survived by his daughters by his ex-wife Laurence, Laetitia (a former model) and Leonor Scherrer, [2] (#cite_note-nyobit-2) also a fashion designer specialising in mourning dress (/wiki/Mourning_dress) . [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j McDowell, Colin (21 June 2013). "Jean-Louis Scherrer obituary: French fashion designer best remembered for the way he lost his job" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2013/jun/21/jean-louis-scherrer) . The Guardian . Retrieved 29 June 2013 . ^ a b c d e f g h Wilson, Eric (20 June 2013). "Jean-Louis Scherrer, French Fashion Designer of the '60s, Dies at 78" (http://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/20/jean-louis-scherrer-retired-couturier-dies-at-78/) . New York Times . Retrieved 29 June 2013 . ^ a b Bergin, Olivia (21 June 2013). "French couturier Jean-Louis Scherrer dead at 78: Jean-Louis Scherrer, who dressed Sophia Loren and Jacqueline Kennedy, has passed away in Paris after 10-month illness" (https://archive.today/20130629190704/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG10134008/French-couturier-Jean-Louis-Scherrer-dead-at-78.html) . The Telegraph . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG10134008/French-couturier-Jean-Louis-Scherrer-dead-at-78.html) on 29 June 2013 . Retrieved 29 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sini, Barbara (7 April 2010). "Death becomes her: A collection especially for widows. Funerals inspire the capsule collection designed by Leonor Scherrer" (http://www.vogue.it/en/shows/oddities/2010/x/leonor-scherrer) . Vogue Italia . Retrieved 29 June 2013 . 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French drag queen Nicky Doll Nicky Doll in 2022 Born ( 1991-03-14 ) 14 March 1991 (age 33) Marseille (/wiki/Marseille) , France Nationality French Occupations Drag queen television personality musician Years active 2009–present Known for Drag Race France (/wiki/Drag_Race_France) Les Voyages de Nicky (/wiki/Les_Voyages_de_Nicky) RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) ( season 12 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_12) ) Website www (http://www.nickydoll.com) .nickydoll (http://www.nickydoll.com) .com (http://www.nickydoll.com) Karlize Sanchez (born 14 March 1991), known by the stage name Nicky Doll , is a French drag queen (/wiki/Drag_queen) , television personality, and musician based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . He is best known as the main host of Drag Race France (/wiki/Drag_Race_France) and a competitor on the twelfth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_12) of RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) . Sanchez co-created, co-wrote, and stars in Les Voyages de Nicky (/wiki/Les_Voyages_de_Nicky) , a documentary that explores gender expression, the art of drag, and LGBT activism (/wiki/LGBT_activism) in different countries. Early life [ edit ] Sanchez was born on March 14, 1991, in Marseille, France (/wiki/Marseille,_France) , [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) but also travelled quite a bit as a child, living in St. Martin (/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin) and Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) . [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) His mother is Spanish (/wiki/Spain) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Sanchez trained to be a make-up artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) . He created his drag persona in 2009 [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) and has modeled extensively as Nicky Doll, appearing on the pages of Féroce Magazine , [3] (#cite_note-3) Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) [4] (#cite_note-4) and Volition Magazine [5] (#cite_note-5) among others. Sanchez developed his drag persona by himself. He does not have a drag mother, nor does he belong to any drag family. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) The name Nicky Doll is a tribute to Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) and is meant to evoke versatility and reflect the different personalities Sanchez's drag persona exhibits. Sanchez self-describes Nicky Doll as a 90's life-size doll. [7] (#cite_note-7) Nicky Doll's participation on season 12 of RuPaul’s Drag Race was announced on January 23, 2020. [8] (#cite_note-8) She is the first French (/wiki/French_people) contestant on the US version of the show. [9] (#cite_note-9) She was described as a ‘look queen’ [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) and has spoken openly about “deep insecurities when it comes to the language barrier” [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) that she experienced during the show. Nicky Doll was eliminated at the end of episode 5 and placed eleventh overall. During her time on the show, Nicky Doll was in the top once, and in the bottom two times. She successfully lip-synced "for her life" against Dahlia Sin (/wiki/Dahlia_Sin) in episode 3, to Problem (/wiki/Problem_(Ariana_Grande_song)) by Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) featuring Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) . In episode 5, she was unsuccessful in his performance against Heidi N Closet (/wiki/Heidi_N_Closet) to the song " Heart to Break (/wiki/Heart_to_Break) " by Kim Petras (/wiki/Kim_Petras) . As a result of his appearance on Drag Race , Nicky Doll was hand-picked by RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul) to do Pete Davidson (/wiki/Pete_Davidson) 's makeup for a pre-recorded sketch on an episode of Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) which was hosted by RuPaul. [11] (#cite_note-11) In March 2022, Nicky Doll was announced as the host of Drag Race France (/wiki/Drag_Race_France) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The first season of Drag Race France (/wiki/Drag_Race_France) premiered on June 25, 2022. [13] (#cite_note-13) Nicky Doll provided commentary for the French broadcast of the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024) semi-finals on Culturebox (/wiki/Culturebox) . [14] (#cite_note-esc-14) Personal life [ edit ] Sanchez came out as gay (/wiki/Gay) at the age of 18. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) He relocated from Paris to San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) in 2015, before moving to New York in 2017. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) Sanchez identifies as non-binary and uses both he/him and she/her pronouns. [15] (#cite_note-15) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref 2020 RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_12) Herself Contestant (11th Place) RuPaul's Drag Race: Untucked (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race:_Untucked) Je t'aime etc. Guest [16] (#cite_note-16) Quotidien Guest [17] (#cite_note-17) 2022–present Drag Race France (/wiki/Drag_Race_France) Host/Judge 2022 Countdown to All Stars 7 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars_season_7) : You're A Winner Baby Guest, VH1 (/wiki/VH1) special [18] (#cite_note-18) C à vous Guest [19] (#cite_note-19) On est en direct Guest with Drag Race France (/wiki/Drag_Race_France) cast [20] (#cite_note-20) 2023 RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars) ( season 8 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars_season_8) ) Lip Sync Assassin Episode: "You're A Winner Baby!" [21] (#cite_note-21) RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars: Untucked! (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race:_Untucked) Herself Episode: "All Stars Untucked: You're A Winner Baby!" Les voyages de Nicky (/wiki/The_Queer_Explorer) Documentary [22] (#cite_note-22) RuPaul's Drag Race UK (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK_(series_5)) Special guest; Episode: "Tickety-Boo" 2024 Eurovision Song Contest 2024 (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024) Commentator (semi-finals, on Culturebox (/wiki/Culturebox) ) [14] (#cite_note-esc-14) Web series [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref 2020 Miz Cracker's Review with a Jew - S12 E05 Himself Guest [23] (#cite_note-23) Whatcha Packin' - S12 E05 [24] (#cite_note-24) RuPaul’s Drag Race: Makeup Tutorial Herself [25] (#cite_note-25) Gap Chat [26] (#cite_note-26) Get Ready With Me by Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) [27] (#cite_note-27) The X Change Rate [28] (#cite_note-28) Beauty Call by Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) [29] (#cite_note-29) The A.V. Club [30] (#cite_note-30) Extra-Ordinaire [31] (#cite_note-31) Bring Back My Ghouls (/wiki/Bring_Back_My_Ghouls) [32] (#cite_note-32) 2021 Brut. Footage [33] (#cite_note-33) The Pit Stop - S13 E10 [34] (#cite_note-34) What's My Game? [35] (#cite_note-35) Fashion Photo RuView (/wiki/Fashion_Photo_RuView) [36] (#cite_note-36) Out of the Closet [37] (#cite_note-37) El bolso de: Nicky Doll (/wiki/Vogue_M%C3%A9xico_y_Latinoam%C3%A9rica) [38] (#cite_note-38) 2022 La Boîte à Questions [39] (#cite_note-39) Bring Back My Girls (/wiki/Bring_Back_My_Girls) [40] (#cite_note-40) 2023 Give It to Me Straight [41] (#cite_note-41) Music videos [ edit ] Year Title Directed 2022 "Attention" [42] (#cite_note-42) Julian Roca-Chow "Toxic" [43] (#cite_note-43) Dylan Perlot 2023 "Fashion Freak" [44] (#cite_note-44) Dylan Perlot Discography [ edit ] Featured singles [ edit ] Year Title Artist 2020 "I'm That Bitch" [45] (#cite_note-45) The Cast of RuPaul's Drag Race Season 12 "The Shady Bunch" [46] (#cite_note-46) 2022 "Attention" [47] (#cite_note-47) Nicky Doll "Toxic" [48] (#cite_note-48) Nicky Doll 2023 "Fashion Freak" [49] (#cite_note-49) Nicky Doll Accolades [ edit ] Award Year Category Recipient(s) and nominee(s) Result Ref. La Cérémonie des Têtu 2023 (/wiki/T%C3%AAtu) 2023 Prix des Lecteurs Herself Won [50] (#cite_note-50) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "On Point With: Nicky Doll" (https://thotyssey.wordpress.com/2019/09/18/on-point-with-nicky-doll/) . Thotyssey . 2019-09-18 . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "FASHION PHOTO RUVIEW: Drag Race España - De Mercadillo" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdMmfpLWQRE&t=40s) . YouTube . 2021-06-04 . Retrieved 2024-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "OCT VOL 1 2017" (https://www.ferocemagazine.com/issues/2017/10/1/oct-vol-1-2017) . Féroce Magazine . October 2017 . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Khorma, Celina (2019-07-03). "Time to Watch Nicky Doll Turn Into a Literal Ice Queen" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a28266691/nicky-doll-makeup-transformation-cosmo-queens/) . Cosmopolitan . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "ISSUE 14 MARCH 2018" (https://issuu.com/volitionmagazineofficial/docs/issue_14_march_2018_) . Issuu . 12 March 2018 . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b c " (https://www.out.com/television/2020/3/30/drag-races-nicky-doll-could-be-our-next-fashion-queen-1) 'Drag Race's Nicky Doll Could Be Our Next Fashion Queen" (https://www.out.com/television/2020/3/30/drag-races-nicky-doll-could-be-our-next-fashion-queen-1) . www.out.com . 2020-03-30 . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Nicky Doll is the Barbie We Want to Party With" (https://www.out.com/fashion/2018/2/19/nicky-doll-barbie-we-want-party) . www.out.com . 2018-02-19 . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Mitchell, Amanda (2020-01-23). "See the "RuPaul's Drag Race" Season 12 Queens Competing to Take Home the Crown" (https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/tv-movies/a28765179/rupauls-drag-race-season-12-cast-premiere-date/) . Oprah Magazine . Retrieved 2020-05-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Meet Nicky Doll, the first French queen in RuPaul's Drag Race | Get Ready With Me | Vogue Paris" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COHSk9lWwJI&=&t=195s) . YouTube . March 16, 2020 . Retrieved May 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_10-0) Guerra, Joey (March 30, 2020). " (https://preview.houstonchronicle.com/movies-tv/drag-race-diva-nicky-doll-talks-french-15166157) 'Drag Race' diva Nicky Doll talks French stereotypes and the Michelle Visage death stare" (https://preview.houstonchronicle.com/movies-tv/drag-race-diva-nicky-doll-talks-french-15166157) . Preview | Houston Arts & Entertainment Guide . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "This 'Drag Race' Season 12 Queen Put Pete Davidson in Drag for 'SNL' (https://www.out.com/television/2020/2/10/drag-race-season-12-queen-put-pete-davidson-drag-snl) " (https://www.out.com/television/2020/2/10/drag-race-season-12-queen-put-pete-davidson-drag-snl) . www.out.com . 2020-02-10 . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Nolfi, Joey (March 4, 2022). "Drag Race France crowns season 12 alum Nicky Doll as its host" (https://ew.com/tv/nicky-doll-drag-race-france-host/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved March 4, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Drag Race France" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt20871052/) . IMDB . Retrieved July 16, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Farren, Neil (2024-03-26). "France: Eurovision 2024 Broadcast Plans and Commentators Revealed" (https://eurovoix.com/2024/03/26/france-eurovision-2024-broadcast-plans-commentators-revealed/) . Eurovoix . Retrieved 2024-03-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) https://www.instagram.com/p/CGC_hqrDlAW/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link (https://www.instagram.com/p/CGC_hqrDlAW/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Nicky Doll star des drag queens françaises - Je t'aime etc S04" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsZtVGaqIIU) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) (in French). October 12, 2020 . Retrieved June 18, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Invitée Nicky Doll la frenchie qui va faire de l'ombre à RuPaul" (https://www.tf1.fr/tmc/quotidien-avec-yann-barthes/videos/invitee-nicky-doll-la-frenchie-qui-va-faire-de-lombre-a-rupaul-37966441.html) . TF1 (/wiki/TF1) (in French). March 5, 2020 . Retrieved June 18, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Roberts, Kayleigh (May 2, 2022). "How to Watch 'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars 7' (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/a39873102/how-to-watch-rupauls-drag-race-all-stars-7-winners/) " (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/a39873102/how-to-watch-rupauls-drag-race-all-stars-7-winners/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved May 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Nicky Doll, Daphné Bürki et Kiddy Smile présentent "Drag Race France" - C à Vous - 15/06/2022" (https://tv-programme.com/c-a-vous_emission/replay/nicky-doll-daphne-burki-et-kiddy-smile-presentent-drag-race-france-c-a-vous-15-06-2022_62aa8b92d24be) . tv-programme.com . June 15, 2022 . Retrieved June 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Le défilé "Drag Race France" avec Nicky Doll - #OEED 4 juin 2022" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_pJYv3xTk4) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . June 4, 2022 . Retrieved June 4, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Benutty, John. " (https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/rupauls-drag-race-all-stars-season-8-episode-8-recap/) 'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars' season 8 episode 8 recap: 'You're a Winner Baby!' (https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/rupauls-drag-race-all-stars-season-8-episode-8-recap/) " (https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/rupauls-drag-race-all-stars-season-8-episode-8-recap/) . Goldderby.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211123233615/https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/rupauls-drag-race-all-stars-season-8-episode-8-recap/) from the original on 2021-11-23 . Retrieved 2023-06-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Baÿt-Darcourt, Célyne (2 February 2023). "TV: "Les voyages de Nicky", con la drag queen Nicky Doll, y "Ambre coiffure", seleccionada para los documentales de verano de France 5" (https://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-radio/info-medias/tele-les-voyages-de-nicky-avec-la-drag-queen-nicky-doll-et-ambre-coiffure-retenus-pour-les-docs-d-ete-sur-france-5_5610692.html) . www.francetvinfo.fr . Retrieved 2023-08-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Miz Cracker's Review with a Jew - S12 E05" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgmuzSECs0I) . YouTube . April 2, 2020 . Retrieved May 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Visage, Michelle (March 27, 2020). "Whatcha Packin': Nicky Doll | S12 E5 | RuPaul's Drag Race" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enXKZnT3e2s) . YouTube . Retrieved May 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Nicky Doll's Cape Look | Makeup Tutorial | RuPaul's Drag Race . RuPaul’s Drag Race. March 16, 2021 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) GAP CHAT 101: Bullying . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . September 21, 2020 . Retrieved June 18, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Meet Nicky Doll, the first French queen in RuPaul's Drag Race | Get Ready With Me | Vogue Paris . Vogue Paris. March 16, 2020 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) The X Change Rate: Taraji P. Henson & Nicky Doll . BUILD Series. April 2, 2020 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Drag queen makeup tutorial: Nicky Doll teaches a beginner | Beauty Call | Vogue Paris . Vogue France. April 17, 2020 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Jan, Brita, Nicky Doll, Rock M. Sakura, & Dahlia Sin: AVC's Drag Race Season 12 Pre-Finale Interview . The A.V.Club. May 29, 2020 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Nicky Doll: la drag-queen française la plus célèbre des États-Unis | EXTRA-ORDINAIRE . URBANIA. August 8, 2020 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Bring Back My Ghouls: RuPauls Drag Race Season 12 Queens . YouTube. May 30, 2020 . Retrieved October 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Nicky Doll: the French Queen of 'RuPaul's Drag Race' . Brut. America. January 3, 2021 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) The Pit Stop S13 E10 | Trixie Mattel & Nicky Doll Talk Makeover Week | RuPaul's Drag Race . RuPaul’s Drag Race. March 13, 2021 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Joey Nolfi (May 4, 2021). "RuPaul's Drag Race stars Vanjie, Kameron Michaels land Gay Sex Ed series, Priyanka to quiz celebs on What's My Game?" (https://ew.com/tv/gay-sex-ed-vanjie-kameron-priyanka-game-show/) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Retrieved May 16, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) FASHION PHOTO RUVIEW: Drag Race España - De Mercadillo . WOWPresents. June 4, 2021 . Retrieved June 4, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Nicky: Greetings From the Doll House | S5 E4 | Out of the Closet . RuPaul’s Drag Race. November 29, 2021 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Nicky Doll lleva en su bolso todo para lograr un drag look | El bolso de | Vogue México y Latinoamérica . Vogue México y Latinoamérica (/wiki/Vogue_M%C3%A9xico_y_Latinoam%C3%A9rica) . December 23, 2021 . Retrieved June 2, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Fake it till you make it" avec Nicky Doll . La Boîte à Questions. June 9, 2022 . Retrieved June 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "RuPaul's Drag Race UK vs. the World" (http://www.wowpresentsplus.com/videos/bbmg-102) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) NICKY DOLL - "Give It to Me Straight" Ep15 - Hosted by Maddy Morphosis . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . July 28, 2023 . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Nicky Doll - Attention (Official Music Video) . Nicky Doll on YouTube. August 25, 2022 . Retrieved June 2, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Toxic" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixBEPgqxhzU) . YouTube . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Fashion Freak . Nicky Doll on YouTube. August 31, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "I'm That Bitch - Single" (https://music.apple.com/us/album/im-that-bitch-single/1500510634) . iTunes . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "The Shady Bunch" (https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-shady-bunch/1515605900?i=1515605912) . iTunes . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Attention" (https://open.spotify.com/album/5ZXTFvRLCsu50PX5DRz2u5) . Spotify . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Toxic" (https://music.apple.com/fr/album/toxic/1654128355?i=1654128356) . Apple Music . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Fashion Freak" (https://music.apple.com/fr/album/fashion-freak/1702711018?i=1702711019) . Apple Music . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "On est allés à la cérémonie des têtu et c'était beaucoup d'amours (oui, au pluriel)" (https://www.konbini.com/popculture/on-est-alles-a-la-ceremonie-des-tetu%C2%B7-et-cetait-beaucoup-damours-oui-au-pluriel/) . konbini.com (in French). September 7, 2023 . Retrieved September 9, 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicky Doll (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nicky_Doll) . 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A Korean robe with straight collar closing to the right Jikryeong Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 직령 Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 直領 Literal meaning Straight collar Transcriptions Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Jikryeong Jikryeong ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 직령 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 直領 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : jingnyeong ; lit. Straight collar), sometimes written as jikryung [1] (#cite_note-1) or jingnyeong and also known as jikryeongpo ( 직령포 ; 直領袍 ; jingnyeongpo ), is a type of po with a straight neckline. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) It could be worn as an outwear by men and was sometimes worn under the danryeong . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The jikryeong was worn in ordinary times [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) and was worn all year round. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It was also worn as a mourning attire [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) during the Joseon period. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Following the Japanese invasion (/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)) (1592–1598), its usage as an outerwear decreased and was more often used as an undergarment. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) After the latter half of the 17th century, the jikryeong was turned into an inner lining (/wiki/Lining_(sewing)) for the danryeong, thus turning to a single lined garment. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Design and construction [ edit ] The collar of the jikryeong as its name indicate is straight collar, closing to the right side. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It may also come with rectangular side panels (무, moo) on each side of the robe. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [5] (#cite_note-5) Textile and colour [ edit ] The jikryeong could be unlined, lined, and padded. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It was natural raw hemp white in colour when used as a mourning attire. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Similar-looking garments [ edit ] Durumagi (/wiki/Durumagi) : the jikryeong resembles this clothing. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Zhishen ( jikshin 直身/직신), jikryeong is almost the same as the Chinese zhishen . [6] (#cite_note-6) Zhijupao (直裾袍) See also [ edit ] Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Po (/wiki/Po_(clothing)) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kwon, Young-Suk; Do, Ju-Yeun (2001). "Costume Images of the Chosun Period′s Po for Men (Part I ) - Constituent factors, Type, Reflection of the Period -" (https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200111920988119.page) . Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (in Korean). 25 (10). ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1225-1151 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1225-1151) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Jingnyeong (直領)" (https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/7192) . Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture (/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Folk_Culture) . Retrieved 2022-03-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nam, Mi ni (2001). "A Study on the Shapes of Korean Man′s Overshrouds" (https://koreascience.or.kr/article/CFKO200111921216474.page) . Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference : 9–10. ^ Jump up to: a b Administration Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Korea. "Artifacts Excavated from the Tomb of Kim Wi, Jungwon - Heritage Search" (http://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=18&ccebAsno=01180000&sCcebCtcd=33&pageIndex=1®ion=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=JUNGWON&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=&ccebCtcd=) . Administration Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Korea . Retrieved 2022-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Lee, Jooyoung; Kwon, Young-Suk (2003). "조선시대 직령의 유형과 특성" (https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART000916091) [Type and Characteristics of Jikryung of the Chosun Era]. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume (in Korean). 53 (6): 25–43. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1229-6880 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1229-6880) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "A Study on the Jik-Ryoung of Chosun Era -Focusing a True Record of the Chosun Dynasty -" (http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200011920807363.page) . The Research Journal of the Costume Culture . 8 (2): 237–260. 2000. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1226-0401 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1226-0401) . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jikryeong . This Korea (/wiki/Korea) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jikryeong&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American fashion designer Kimberly Goldson Born Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) Alma mater Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) Website www (https://www.kimberlygoldson.com/) .kimberlygoldson (https://www.kimberlygoldson.com/) .com (https://www.kimberlygoldson.com/) Kimberly Goldson is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and former finalist on Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) . [1] (#cite_note-KDesignOprah-1) She is also the founder of her namesake fashion line, Kimberly Goldson, exhibiting at shows such as New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [2] (#cite_note-Huff-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Goldson was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) . She was inspired by fashion at an early age and attended Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) where she studied fashion merchandising. [3] (#cite_note-6PM-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] Goldson started her career as a fashion designer by creating custom garments for private clients. [5] (#cite_note-Ess-5) Goldson has been a contestant on the Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) reality television show, including Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) . She tried out for Season 6 of the show but was told she needed more experience. [5] (#cite_note-Ess-5) She returned three years later and was a finalist in Season 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_9)) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In Season 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_(season_6)) of Project Runway All Stars, she was eliminated in episode 7. [7] (#cite_note-7) Goldson was one of the creators of LeBron James (/wiki/LeBron_James) ' women's shoe known as "The Strongest" campaign. [8] (#cite_note-MettKim-8) It was his 16th Nike shoe release and designed exclusively by women for women. [5] (#cite_note-Ess-5) Nike used three African American women designers, Goldson , Fe Noel and Undra Duncan, who were handpicked by multicultural designer platform, Harlem’s Fashion Row for the project. [8] (#cite_note-MettKim-8) Goldson is the founder of her own fashion brand, "Kimberly Goldson". [3] (#cite_note-6PM-3) She has exhibited at shows such as Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week) [9] (#cite_note-9) and Harlem's Fashion Row during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [2] (#cite_note-Huff-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-KDesignOprah_1-0) "Kimberly Goldson: Designer And Co-Founder Of Kimberly Goldson" (http://www.oprah.com/own-theknow/kimberly-goldson-designer-and-co-founder-of-kimberly-goldson) . Oprah . ^ Jump up to: a b Wilson, Julee (1 February 2013). "Harlem's Fashion Row: Meet The New York Fashion Week Fall 2013 HFR Designers (VIDEO)" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/01/harlems-fashion-row-meet-the-designers-fall-2013_n_2600000.html) . Huffington Post. ^ Jump up to: a b "Kimberly Goldson" (https://www.6pm.com/b/kimberly-goldson/brand/3489) . 6PM . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Molvar, Kari (22 November 2016). "Black Fashion Designers Are Finally Getting Their Moment in the Spotlight" (https://www.allure.com/story/black-fashion-designers-fit-museum) . Allure. ^ Jump up to: a b c McGloster, Niki (5 September 2018). "ESSENCE Debuts 'The Strongest' To Celebrate LeBron James's 16th Nike Sneaker Release" (https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/the-strongest/nike/) . Essence. ^ (#cite_ref-6) La Ferla, Ruth (6 September 2017). "She's Taking the Show Uptown" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/fashion/brandice-daniel-harlem-new-york-fashion-week.html) . The New York Times. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Montgomery, Daniel (23 February 2018). " (https://www.goldderby.com/article/2018/project-runway-all-stars-kimberly-goldson-elimination-poll-kick-in-the-astro-news-391752468/) 'Project Runway All Stars': Did Kimberly Goldson really deserve to be eliminated in 'A Kick in the Astro'? [POLL]" (https://www.goldderby.com/article/2018/project-runway-all-stars-kimberly-goldson-elimination-poll-kick-in-the-astro-news-391752468/) . Gold Derby. ^ Jump up to: a b Whaley, Natelege (8 September 2018). "Meet Kimberly Goldson, one of the black women who designed LeBron James' new Nike sneaker" (https://mic.com/articles/191170/lebron-16-nike-shoe-kimberly-goldson-interview#.Q1tw2WoG8) . Mic. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bass, Debra D. (6 September 2013). "Deb's Day One Fashion Week Diary" (https://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/fashion-and-style/debra-bass/deb-s-day-one-fashion-week-diary/article_8f466236-864f-5e54-997c-0a7350be4d99.html) . St. Louis Post-Dispatch. External links [ edit ] Kimberly Goldson website (https://www.kimberlygoldson.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐n97cc Cached time: 20240721213529 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.225 seconds Real time usage: 0.300 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1950/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17400/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 943/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35346/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.137/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6102038/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 283.633 1 -total 41.04% 116.403 1 Template:Reflist 35.71% 101.274 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.42% 74.940 2 Template:Cite_web 21.30% 60.418 1 Template:Short_description 12.56% 35.618 2 Template:Pagetype 9.48% 26.881 17 Template:Main_other 9.36% 26.536 7 Template:Cite_news 6.62% 18.764 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.58% 12.996 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59734835-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721213529 and revision id 1111980840. 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Amount of room a garment allows the wearer beyond the measurements of their body This article possibly contains original research (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research) . Please improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ease_(sewing)&action=edit) by verifying (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) the claims made and adding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( December 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) In sewing (/wiki/Sewing) and patternmaking, ease is the amount of room a garment allows the wearer beyond the measurements of their body. [1] (#cite_note-1) For example, if a man has a 40-inch chest (/wiki/Chest) measurement, a jacket with a 40-inch chest would be very tight and would constrict movement. An ease of 3 or 4 inches might be added to the pattern (/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)) (making a 43-44 inch chest), or more to enhance comfort or style. Ease is not generally included in sizing measurements. To use the example again, a man with a 40-inch chest will likely buy a jacket advertised as size 40, but the actual measurements of the garment will almost always be somewhat larger. Ease is most important for woven garments cut on the straight (/wiki/Grain_(textile)) or crossgrain, because fabric in this orientation has little or no stretch. This is in contrast to woven garments cut on the bias and knit garments, both of which can stretch to accommodate movement. A sloper pattern or block pattern is a simple pattern with very little or no ease made for the purpose of fitting the body accurately, from which more finished or stylized patterns may be developed. [2] (#cite_note-2) Adding ease [ edit ] Several techniques can be used to add ease to a pattern. The simplest may be to add width to the pattern pieces, such as at the side seams. Pleats or gathers may also be used. Reducing the intake of darts will also add ease. Contouring [ edit ] Contouring is the process of fitting a pattern to the body more nearly than the sloper, but it is not the same as removing ease. Contouring removes extra space within the measurements of the wearer. For example, a dress sloper will span the bust points, but a more fitted or 'contoured' bodice may dip toward the breastbone in between the breasts and fit each breast more closely, possibly even supporting each with boning (/wiki/Bone_(corsetry)) . Contouring techniques can also be applied to other concave parts of the body which may be spanned by the sloper, such as the underside of the buttocks, or the knee area for pants. See also [ edit ] Cut (/wiki/Cut_(clothing)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ease Chart" (https://butterick.mccall.com/size-fit-charts/ease-chart) . butterick.mccall.com . Retrieved 28 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Joseph-Armstrong, Helen (2010). Patternmaking for Fashion Design Fifth Edition . 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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diego_Vanassibara&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( June 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Diego Vanassibara (born 1983) is a London (/wiki/London) -based shoe designer from Caxias do Sul (/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul) , Rio Grande do Sul (/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul) , Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) . Vanassibara moved to England when he was 22 after studying architecture in Brazil. In London, he trained at the Cordwainer's College (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) of footwear and launched his self-named label in 2013. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-LECLAIREUR-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In the same year, he won the Footwear Friends Awards from the British Footwear Association. [4] (#cite_note-LFWM-4) [5] (#cite_note-BFC-5) After being the first male shoe designer to receive the NEWGEN Men Award from the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) , he was also a recipient of the initiative for six full seasons (AW14 – SS17). [4] (#cite_note-LFWM-4) [5] (#cite_note-BFC-5) Often presenting his collections at London Collection Men (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) and Paris Men's Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . Rather than a traditional catwalk show, every season the designer showcases his work in the form of custom-made installations (/wiki/Installation_art) , which in some opinions have become a Diego Vanassibara seasonal tradition in the London calendar. [2] (#cite_note-LECLAIREUR-2) [4] (#cite_note-LFWM-4) [6] (#cite_note-6) He is known for being featured by Footwear News (/wiki/Footwear_News) as one of the rising talents in the high-end men's footwear, and noted by GQ (/wiki/GQ) Brazil as one of the emerging designers to join the elite of British fashion. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Diego Vanassibara footwear was already early on stocked worldwide at the Japanese stores Isetan (/wiki/Isetan) and Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) Ginza, the French boutique L’Eclaireur, the Hong Kong-based shops Joyce (/wiki/Joyce_Boutique) and On Pedder among others. His early work was characterized by incorporating on the shoes hand-carved wooden details made by artisans from Java (/wiki/Java) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) . This was noted by GQ South Africa, arguing that the brand's heart lies in craftsmanship and innovation. [9] (#cite_note-9) Brazilian influences, architecture, and nature are recurring themes of the label's collections. The brand also had two collaborations with Japanese designer Mihara Yasuhiro (/wiki/Mihara_Yasuhiro) in 2015 for two of its shows during Paris Men's Fashion week. Within the same year, WWD mentioned Diego Vanassibara as one of the brands in its article: “The Dress Shoe Makes A Comeback,” describing shoes as a sports car for the foot. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Diego Vanassibara" (http://www.diegovanassibara.com) . Diego Vanassibara . ^ Jump up to: a b "Diego Vanassibara" (http://www.leclaireur.com/designers/diego-vanassibara/) . LECLAIREUR . L'ECLAIREUR. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Chapman, Colin. "In the studio with Diego Vanassibara | Sharpened Lead" (http://www.sharpenedlead.com/?p=4702) . Sharpened Lead . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Diego Vanassibara" (http://www.londonfashionweekmens.com/designers_profile.aspx?DesignerID=2122) . London Fashion Week Men . ^ Jump up to: a b "Diego Vanassibara" (http://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/designer_profile.aspx?DesignerID=2122) . British Fashion Council . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "BFC Announces NEWGEN MEN Winners" (http://www.thelovemagazine.co.uk/posts/6493/bfc-announces-newgen-men-winners) . LOVE magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Silva, Hermano (10 December 2013). "Diego Vanassibara, a promessa brasileira no design de sapatos" (http://gq.globo.com/Estilo/noticia/2013/11/diego-vanassibara-promessa-brasileira-no-design-de-sapatos.html) . GQ Brazil . Globo Conde Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Allaire, Christian (2 November 2015). "5 Rising Men's Shoe Brands You Need To Know" (http://footwearnews.com/2015/fashion/designers/mens-designers-shoes-sneakers-spring-2016-collections-166956/) . Footwear News . Fairchild Publishing. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Basson, Jason Alexander (24 April 2014). "London Collections: Men Preview - Diego Vanassibara" (http://gq.co.za/2014/04/london-collections-men-preview-diego-vanassibara/) . GQ South Africa . Conde Nast. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Marfil, Lorelei (9 April 2014). "British Fashion Council Names Newgen Men's Labels" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/british-fashion-council-names-newgen-mens-labels-7636154/) . Fairchild Publishing. 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British blogger and TV personality This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Danny Choo" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Danny+Choo%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Danny+Choo%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Danny+Choo%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Danny+Choo%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Danny+Choo%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Danny+Choo%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Danny Choo Choo at the 2012 New York Comic Con (/wiki/New_York_Comic_Con) Born ( 1972-11-01 ) 1 November 1972 (age 51) London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) Occupation(s) Blogger (/wiki/Blog) and entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneurship) Years active 2004–present Parent Jimmy Choo (/wiki/Jimmy_Choo) (father) Danny Choo ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 周国栋 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 周國棟 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Zhōu Guódòng ; Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : Zau1 Gwok3 Dung3 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī (/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB) : Chiu Kok-tòng ; born 1 November 1972) is a British Malaysian Chinese blogger (/wiki/Blog) and TV personality (/wiki/TV_personality) based in Japan (/wiki/Japan) . He is the owner of Mirai Inc. and is best known for his virtual mascot, Mirai Suenaga. He runs a blog in which he posts content about his life, focusing on his company and his experiences in Japan. He released his own line of fashion dolls (/wiki/Fashion_doll) in 2014. [1] (#cite_note-1) Danny is the son of fashion designer Jimmy Choo (/wiki/Jimmy_Choo) . Culture Japan [ edit ] Danny Choo in a PC game shop in Akihabara (/wiki/Akihabara) in 1995 Danny Choo with his Dollfie Dream Yuki Morikawa as Mirai Suenaga in 2012 [2] (#cite_note-2) Danny Choo is the director, producer, and the host of a Japanese TV show called Culture Japan . The show consists of Choo personally exploring several aspects of Japanese popular culture. Segments are usually hosted by Choo interviewing a member of a specific culture that the episode is exploring. Other segments are long videos that are narrated by Mirai Suenaga (voiced by UTACO), Culture Japan' s virtual mascot. The second season featured a new animated opening, Sukirai, composed by vividblaze and sung by UTACO. [3] (#cite_note-3) The video itself was animated by JC Staff (/wiki/JC_Staff) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In Japan, the show is broadcast on Tokyo MX TV (/wiki/Tokyo_MX_TV) . Choo has stated that the main purpose of the show is to distribute knowledge of Japanese culture to the rest of the world, although it has received some attention in Japan. [5] (#cite_note-5) Smart Doll [ edit ] Danny Choo started selling his own fashion doll (/wiki/Fashion_doll) known as Smart Doll. Smart Doll is a range of 1/3 scale, vinyl fashion dolls. The dolls are approximately 60 cm in height. The current design line-up consists of all his mascot characters; doll parts and accessories are also available. [6] (#cite_note-6) His dolls feature a unique assembly where the parting line is under the bust, unlike the mid-waist parting line of traditional doll design; this gives his dolls a more human-like appearance. His first doll, Mirai Suenaga, became the mascot for Japanese Tourism in 2014. [7] (#cite_note-7) Smart Doll is available in four skin types: Cocoa, Tea, Cinnamon, and Milk, and feature interchangeable busts, hands, feet for flat-soled and high-heeled shoes, eyes, and wigs of various colors and lengths, all of which are manufactured exclusively in Japan. Smart Doll also has two dolls with port-wine stain (/wiki/Port-wine_stain) facial birthmarks and one doll with Vitiligo (/wiki/Vitiligo) . Smart Doll’s design and business philosophy centers around wabi-sabi (/wiki/Wabi-sabi) , a set of Japanese design principles that celebrate imperfection and asymmetry. Their intricately designed and weathered clothing showcase this design characteristic. In 2019, Smart Doll released an additional body type made of a harder substance called Cortex, [8] (#cite_note-8) which is sturdier, resists staining from dark-colored apparel and is less-expensive than vinyl. Cortex body was discontinued shortly after production, due to imperfections. [ citation needed ] While the original Smart Doll’s faces are created in the Japanese Anime/Manga aesthetic, the company is in the process of releasing additional dolls referred to as “Semi-Real” which resemble more lifelike characters from video and computer games. Additionally, Smart Doll has partnered with Warner Bros. Consumer Products (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Consumer_Products) [9] (#cite_note-9) to create a line of DC Comics (/wiki/DC_Comics) heroes and heroines which will also be created in the Japanese Anime/Manga aesthetic. In 2015 Choo brought the dolls to Anime Expo (/wiki/Anime_Expo) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2016 Choo's Smart Dolls were showcased in Penang Fashion Week. [11] (#cite_note-11) Choo has even begun to develop 120 cm robotic dolls. [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] Fakku (/wiki/Fakku) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "What is Smart Doll ?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170312204646/http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/27350/Smart+Doll.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/27350/Smart+Doll.html) on 12 March 2017 . Retrieved 8 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Yuki Morikawa Dollfie" (https://dannychoo.com/archive/en/posts/yuki-morikawa-dollfie) . Danny Choo Archives . Retrieved 28 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Anime News Network (http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-06-14/danny-choo-posts-mirai-suenaga-sukirai-music-video) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Mirai Suenaga Animated" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150325101332/http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/26311/Mirai+Millennium+OP.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/26311/Mirai+Millennium+OP.html) on 25 March 2015 . Retrieved 7 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "About Culture Japan" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150325194318/http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/26971/About+Culture+Japan.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/26971/About+Culture+Japan.html) on 25 March 2015 . Retrieved 7 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Mirai Store Tokyo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170315185125/http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/27307/MIRAI+STORE+TOKYO.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.dannychoo.com/en/post/27307/MIRAI+STORE+TOKYO.html) on 15 March 2017 . Retrieved 12 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "| TokyoTreat: Japanese Candy & Snacks Subscription Box" (https://tokyotreat.com/news/mirai-suenaga) . TokyoTreat . 10 August 2016 . Retrieved 19 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Cortex or Vinyl?" (https://info.smartdoll.jp/en/posts/cortex) . Smart Doll . Retrieved 19 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "WarnerBros.com | Consumer Products | Company" (https://www.warnerbros.com/company/divisions/consumer-products) . www.warnerbros.com . Retrieved 10 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Danny Choo returns to Anime Expo 2015~!" (https://www.anime-expo.org/2015/05/22/danny-choo-returns-to-anime-expo-2015/) . Anime Expo . 22 May 2015 . Retrieved 26 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) admin777 (14 April 2016). "Penang Fashion Week 2016" (https://www.penangcatcentre.my/penang-fashion-week-2016/) . Penang Career Assistance and Talent Centre . Retrieved 26 March 2021 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Danny Choo unveils the next gen of 3D printed robotic dolls » 3dpbm" (https://www.3dprintingmedia.network/danny-choo-unveils-the-next-gen-of-3d-printed-robotic-dolls/) . 3D Printing Media Network - The Pulse of the AM Industry . 8 April 2015 . Retrieved 26 March 2021 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Danny Choo (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Danny_Choo) . Official website (https://www.dannychoo.com/) Danny Choo (https://www.instagram.com/dannychoo/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Danny Choo (https://www.flickr.com/dannychoo) on Flickr (/wiki/Flickr) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75854f7f49‐kbrds Cached time: 20240722035913 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.442 seconds Real time usage: 1.053 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2725/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 38308/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2912/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44804/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.261/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7590714/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 618.605 1 -total 23.12% 143.017 1 Template:Infobox_person 22.23% 137.535 1 Template:Reflist 19.38% 119.882 11 Template:Cite_web 16.97% 104.981 1 Template:Short_description 11.90% 73.613 21 Template:Main_other 10.86% 67.186 1 Template:Instagram 10.39% 64.249 1 Template:Primary_sources 9.53% 58.949 1 Template:Ambox 9.07% 56.105 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44626301-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722035913 and revision id 1235960465. 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Entrepreneur and philanthropist Faiza Seth Born Hyderabad, India (/wiki/Hyderabad,_India) Nationality American, British Education Northwestern University, Stanford University Occupation(s) Entrepreneur, Philanthropist Years active 1999–present Title Co-Founder of Norwest Industries Ltd. (PDS Multinational), Founder of Casa Forma, Founder of Soham for Kids Board member of Member of the board at PDS Multinational Fashions Ltd, Member of the board at Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Vice Chairperson of the Northwestern University's International Campaign Committee (ICC), Board of Directors Member Northwestern Alumni Association (NAA), Board of Directors Member Northwestern College of Arts and Sciences Board of Visitors, Trustee on the Northwestern UK Foundation Faiza Seth (born c. 1977 in ( Hyderabad, India (/wiki/Hyderabad,_India) ) is an American entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneurship) and philanthropist (/wiki/Philanthropy) based in London. Early life and education [ edit ] Faiza Seth grew up in Chicago and after graduating from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois in 2000 with a BA in Economics, [1] (#cite_note-1) she moved to Hong Kong and worked on the Equity Capital Markets team at Lehman Brothers (/wiki/Lehman_Brothers) . She continued her education at Stanford Graduate School of Business (/wiki/Stanford_Graduate_School_of_Business) from 2004-2006 where she obtained her MBA. [2] (#cite_note-2) Faiza Seth founded Casa Forma, an architectural and interior design firm headquartered in London in 2007. [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] Norwest Industries Ltd. (PDS Multinational): Norwest Industries Ltd [4] (#cite_note-4) is an apparel sourcing and distribution business in Hong Kong, which she co-founded in 1999. Casa Forma: Casa Forma Limited [5] (#cite_note-5) is a London-based architectural and interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) company specialising in creating bespoke luxury real estate & luxury turnkey interior design. Casa Forma was founded in 2007 to develop properties in super prime locations of London and also offers its interior and architectural design services to third parties. Since inception, Casa Forma has successfully completed over 60 luxury residential and commercial projects in London as well as internationally. This international practice provides a comprehensive interior design and architectural design service for residential, commercial and hospitality properties. Faiza Seth leads Casa Forma’s strategy and development initiatives as the founder and CEO of Casa Forma. After she finished business school at Stanford University (in 2006) and moved to London, she was interested in taking advantage of the property market in super prime locations of London which she felt had long term growth prospects due to international demand. Therefore, she started Casa Forma initially as a property development business and bought properties to develop. Casa Forma won 18 design and architectural awards between 2011 and 2019 with The International Design & Architectural Awards, [6] (#cite_note-6) The UK Property Awards, [7] (#cite_note-7) and The Society of British Interior Designers (SBID) [8] (#cite_note-8) awards companies. Soham For Kids: As founder of a charitable school in India, Soham For Kids, [9] (#cite_note-9) Seth took part in a Q&A panel discussion in 2011, organised by the National Council of Voluntary Organisations. [10] (#cite_note-10) Recognition [ edit ] Shortlisted for the Asian Women of Achievement Awards 2011 for her work with Soham For Kids [11] (#cite_note-11) Hello Magazine Hall of Fame Awarded Faiza Seth of Casa Forma Celebutante of the Year 2011 [12] (#cite_note-12) Be a leader it's the only way to survive - money control [13] (#cite_note-13) India Inspiration - Edition Page Suite [14] (#cite_note-14) 35 Women under 35 [15] (#cite_note-15) Frost Magazine [16] (#cite_note-16) The International Design & Architectural Awards 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019 [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) UK Property Awards 2012, 2014, 2017 and 2018 [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) SBID Awards 2013 [31] (#cite_note-31) Between Worlds [32] (#cite_note-32) Everybody wants his house to look like a hotel [33] (#cite_note-33) A taste for excellence [34] (#cite_note-34) Faiza Seth Interior designer - Fortune India [35] (#cite_note-35) A Woman’s Luxury Business - Wall Street Journal [36] (#cite_note-36) Saved by the BRICs - Wall Street Journal [37] (#cite_note-37) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Between Worlds: Weinberg College - Northwestern University" (https://www.weinberg.northwestern.edu/after-graduation/weinberg-magazine/crosscurrents-archive/2012-2013-fall-winter/between-worlds.html) . www.weinberg.northwestern.edu . Retrieved 2020-07-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Stanford Graduate School of Business" (https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/) . Stanford Graduate School of Business . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Casa Forma | Management team | Faiza Seth, Founder of Casa Forma and CF London" (https://www.casaforma.co.uk/management-team/faiza-seth/) . www.casaforma.co.uk . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Norwest Industries Ltd - Company Profile and News - Bloomberg Markets" (https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/NORWEZ:HK) . Bloomberg News (/wiki/Bloomberg_News) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Luxury Interior Design in London | Casa Forma" (https://www.casaforma.co.uk/) . www.casaforma.co.uk . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) The International Design & Architectural Awards (https://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/international-design-architecture-awards/home/) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "International Property Awards: Celebrating excellence | The highest levels of achievement in real estate, development, architecture, interior design and marketing in both the residential and commercial sectors" (https://propertyawards.net/) . The International Property Awards . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Society of British & International Interior Design | SBID" (https://www.sbid.org/) . Society of British & International Interior Design . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Soham For Kids (http://www.sohamforkids.org/) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mills, David (2011-03-03). "Live Q&A: Leadership and the voluntary sector" (https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2011/mar/03/liveq-a-leadership-voluntary-sector) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "2011" (https://www.awaawards.com/our-alumni-category/2011/) . Asian Women of Achievement Awards . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Hello Magazine Hall of Fame Awarded Faiza Seth of Casa Forma Celebutante of the Year 2011" (https://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/1/prweb9088105.htm) . PRWeb . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Be a leader, it's the only way to survive: Faiza Seth" (https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/-1970219.html) . Moneycontrol . 29 October 2011 . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Page Suite : http://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk (http://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk) ^ (#cite_ref-15) "MT's 35 Women Under 35 2011: A Vision of Enterprise" (https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/mts-35-women-35-2011-vision-enterprise/article/1076941) . www.managementtoday.co.uk . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Balavage, Catherine (2012-03-12). "Faiza Seth: Businesswomen, Socialite and Charity Founder" (https://www.frostmagazine.com/2012/03/faiza-seth-businesswomen-socalite-and-charity-founder/) . Frost Magazine . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Interior Design Scheme - Asia Pacific - The Retreat: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/design-architecture-winners-2019 (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/design-architecture-winners-2019) ^ (#cite_ref-18) "» Congratulations to Casa Forma winners of the Bedroom Award in The International Design & Architecture Awards 2017" (http://thedesignsoc.com/casa-forma-shortlisted-bedroom-award/) . thedesignsoc.com . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Kitchen over £500,000 - ONe Tower Bridge: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/category/design-architecture-winners-2016/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/category/design-architecture-winners-2016/) ^ (#cite_ref-20) Best Living Space - Kensington: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/category/design-architecture-winners-2015/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/category/design-architecture-winners-2015/) ^ (#cite_ref-21) Best Office Space - Dubai: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/international-design-architecture-awards/2014-winners/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/international-design-architecture-awards/2014-winners/) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Best Living Space - One Hyde Park: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/international-design-architecture-awards/2013-winners/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/international-design-architecture-awards/2013-winners/) ^ (#cite_ref-23) Residential Property £1-2.5 million - Kensington Place: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Bedroom - Down Street: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/) ^ (#cite_ref-25) Kitchen - Down Street: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/) ^ (#cite_ref-26) Bathroom - Kensington Place: http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/ (http://www.thedesignawards.co.uk/) ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Region: UK" (https://propertyawards.net/region/uk/) . The International Property Awards . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Best interior Design Apartment-Kensington Gardens: https://propertyawards.net/uk-2017/ (https://propertyawards.net/uk-2017/) ^ (#cite_ref-29) Best Office Interior - Dubai: https://propertyawards.net/uk-2014/ (https://propertyawards.net/uk-2014/) ^ (#cite_ref-30) Interior Design Apartment - Davies Street: https://propertyawards.net/uk-2012/ (https://propertyawards.net/uk-2012/) ^ (#cite_ref-31) "SBID Interior Design Awards" (https://www.sbid.org/awards/) . Society of British & International Interior Design . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Between Worlds: Weinberg College - Northwestern University" (https://weinberg.northwestern.edu/after-graduation/weinberg-magazine/crosscurrents-archive/2012-2013-fall-winter/between-worlds.html) . weinberg.northwestern.edu . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) " (https://www.dnaindia.com/business/interview-everybody-wants-his-house-to-look-like-a-hotel-1542996) 'Everybody wants his house to look like a hotel' (https://www.dnaindia.com/business/interview-everybody-wants-his-house-to-look-like-a-hotel-1542996) " (https://www.dnaindia.com/business/interview-everybody-wants-his-house-to-look-like-a-hotel-1542996) . DNA India . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "A taste for excellence" (https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20171002-women-travel-interior-designer-1050234-2017-09-22) . India Today . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Faiza Seth" (https://www.fortuneindia.com/people/faiza-seth/100803) . www.fortuneindia.com . 5 August 2018 . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Stancati, Margherita (4 May 2011). "In India, a Woman's Luxury Business -- Scene Asia" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-SJB-7410) . Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Evans, Julian (23 March 2011). "Luxury Looks East For Salvation" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703559604576176390208118656) . Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2023-04-11 . External links [ edit ] Interview with Faiza Seth (http://www.luxurylondon.co.uk/article/my-life-in-london-faiza-seth) sohamforkids.org (http://www.sohamforkids.org/) www.casaforma.co.uk (http://www.casaforma.co.uk/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐bx7j6 Cached time: 20240721145659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.646 seconds Real time usage: 0.727 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2442/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36968/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1345/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 86077/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.425/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6186762/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 685.161 1 -total 52.59% 360.314 1 Template:Reflist 42.65% 292.219 19 Template:Cite_web 29.64% 203.095 1 Template:Infobox_person 14.16% 97.011 1 Template:Short_description 8.40% 57.551 2 Template:Pagetype 7.32% 50.142 16 Template:Main_other 6.12% 41.903 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 3.33% 22.810 3 Template:Cite_news 2.80% 19.169 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32712030-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721145659 and revision id 1207042074. 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Canadian plus-size model This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Liis_Windischmann&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Liis+Windischmann&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Liis+Windischmann) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Liis_Windischmann) for suggestions. ( April 2020 ) Liis Windischmann is a Canadian plus-size model (/wiki/Plus-size_model) based in Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , Ontario (/wiki/Ontario) . Early years [ edit ] Windischmann first modeled at the age of 16. [1] (#cite_note-MG-1) She was told to lose weight, which she decided against. [1] (#cite_note-MG-1) Four years later she was spotted by a talent scout in a mall and began to work as a plus-size model. [1] (#cite_note-MG-1) Career [ edit ] Windischmann has worked with brands including Addition Elle (/wiki/Addition_Elle) , Reitman's (/wiki/Reitmans) and Laura (/wiki/Laura_(clothing_retailer)) . [2] (#cite_note-She_Does_the_City-2) In 2006, she hosted a half-hour TV show for Canadian Learning Television (/wiki/Canadian_Learning_Television) on modelling. [3] (#cite_note-National_Post-3) In 2007 she created the Fenomenal Calendar of plus size women and she created the Walk the Catwalk event where she encouraged the use of more sample sizes. [2] (#cite_note-She_Does_the_City-2) She was the director of Ben Barry (/wiki/Ben_Barry) Agency. [4] (#cite_note-Plus_Models_Today-4) She is also the Fashion Insider for LouLou (/wiki/LOU_LOU) Magazine's 14+. [4] (#cite_note-Plus_Models_Today-4) In 2011, Windischmann was diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_thyroiditis) . [1] (#cite_note-MG-1) As a result of her illness, she lost nearly 50 pounds. [1] (#cite_note-MG-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Thompson, June (14 December 2014). "Gratitude and trust: a mantra for the New Year" (https://montrealgazette.com/health/diet-fitness/gratitude-and-trust-a-mantra-for-the-new-year) . Montreal Gazette (/wiki/Montreal_Gazette) . Retrieved 10 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "An Interview With Plus Size Model Liis Windischmann" (http://www.shedoesthecity.com/an_interview_with_plus_size_model_liis_windischmann) . She Does the City. 7 January 2010 . Retrieved 8 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-National_Post_3-0) "She'll teach you to strike a pose" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214842/http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=449c9132-aa3f-4d2d-a56d-2c000e458803&sponsor=) . National Post (/wiki/National_Post) . 29 May 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=449c9132-aa3f-4d2d-a56d-2c000e458803&sponsor=) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 10 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Liis Windischmann" (http://www.plusmodelstoday.com/models/liis-windischmann/) . Plus Models Today . Retrieved 8 July 2014 . 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British journalist and academic Colin McDowell in 2007 Colin Roxburgh McDowell [1] (#cite_note-1) MBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) FRSA (/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Arts) (born 1936) is a British fashion writer (/wiki/Fashion_writer) , designer and curator. McDowell is best known for his stint as a highly opinionated Fashion Editor for The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) , where he became a familiar sight in the front row of fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_shows) , and in which capacity he claims to have been banned from more shows than any other writer. [2] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo1-2) Early life [ edit ] Born in Northumberland (/wiki/Northumberland) , McDowell moved from Alnwick (/wiki/Alnwick) to Gloucester (/wiki/Gloucester) at three years old. [3] (#cite_note-journal-3) He cultivated a strong interest in modern art and architecture as a teenager. [4] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo3-4) He was educated at Durham University (/wiki/Durham_University) ( Hatfield College (/wiki/Hatfield_College,_Durham) ), where he followed the arts stream of the General Studies degree and took courses in English Literature and European History, having turned down a place at Oxford (/wiki/Oxford_University) because he wanted to return to the North East (/wiki/North_East_of_England) . [4] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo3-4) [3] (#cite_note-journal-3) As a student in Durham he wrote for the university newspaper, Palatinate (/wiki/Palatinate_(newspaper)) , alongside future Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) biographer Hunter Davies (/wiki/Hunter_Davies) , and produced the 'Film Notes' column – a review of recent cinema releases. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) He also rowed for the Hatfield College Boat Club and was the fly half for the Durham University Rugby team that won the Collegiate European University Championship in 1955 and 1956. [3] (#cite_note-journal-3) After university he worked as a History teacher for a few years and later moved to teach in Italy (/wiki/Italy) . [3] (#cite_note-journal-3) He eventually lost interest in this and worked as an actor, appearing in several episodes of BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers and TV bit-parts as a generic foreigner. [3] (#cite_note-journal-3) His social life brought him into contact with people in the fashion industry – and he soon became intrigued by their world. [7] (#cite_note-7) By the early 1970s McDowell, after being offered a design job by a friend, settled in Rome (/wiki/Rome) , where he started to date fashion journalist, Anna Piaggi (/wiki/Anna_Piaggi) , and secured a job working for the couturier Pino Lancetti (/wiki/Pino_Lancetti) , who taught him everything he needed to know about the art of Haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) . [8] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo2-8) McDowell then moved on to work for the National Chamber of Italian Fashion (/wiki/National_Chamber_of_Italian_Fashion) (Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana), then Laura Biagiotti (/wiki/Laura_Biagiotti) at The House of Biagiotti, where he was responsible for brokering an exclusive deal for Biagiotti to design the uniforms for Alitalia (/wiki/Alitalia) staff. [8] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo2-8) Career in journalism [ edit ] McDowell returned to London after spending 10 years in Rome. [4] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo3-4) In 1984 he established his reputation as a writer with McDowell’s Directory of 20th Century Fashion , which became a standard reference work for fashion students. [9] (#cite_note-9) He made a foray into journalism by contributing an article to The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) on Italian fashion, which led to invitations to write for other publications. [4] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo3-4) In 1986 he began to focus predominantly on his emerging journalism career, being appointed a fashion reporter for The Sunday Times . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In 1989, while visiting Cairo (/wiki/Cairo) for an assignment, he was caught up in a fire that broke out in his hotel, Sheraton Heliopolis Hotel. [12] (#cite_note-12) He escaped by jumping from a second floor window, breaking his ankle in the process. [3] (#cite_note-journal-3) He later discovered a colleague and close friend, Jackie Moore, had died in the fire with two others. To aid his recovery from the trauma McDowell returned to Northumberland and rented a holiday cottage with a view of Lindisfarne (/wiki/Lindisfarne) , where he would spend the next three winters there writing, first A Woman of Style and then A Woman of Spirit . [3] (#cite_note-journal-3) He has said that his proudest moment during his spell with The Sunday Times was when the designer Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) threatened to pull his advertising from the paper (at £50,000 a page) because McDowell had given one of his shows a bad review. [2] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo1-2) In 2002 he got into what The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) described as a 'tiff' with Nicholas Coleridge (/wiki/Nicholas_Coleridge) . [13] (#cite_note-guardian-13) After Coleridge criticised fashion editors for being too negative about British fashion, McDowell accused him of being jingoistic (/wiki/Jingoism) . [13] (#cite_note-guardian-13) Alongside his work for The Sunday Times he continued writing books on the modern fashion industry and biographies of noteworthy designers, including close friend, John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , Manolo Blahnik (/wiki/Manolo_Blahnik) , and Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) . In total, he has published more than 20 books on style. [14] (#cite_note-14) Recent activity [ edit ] In 2003 McDowell set up 'Fashion Fringe', an annual competition to uncover promising fashion design talent and offer them professional mentorship, with McDowell's stating that “We want to invest in a career, to build up a fashion business, this is no Pop Idol! We are not giving the winner £100,000 to follow trends – we want them to set them!” [15] (#cite_note-15) The scheme ended in 2013 when sponsorship became harder to secure on the back of the limited number of long term success stories to emerge from the initiative. [16] (#cite_note-16) He received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University (/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University) in 2005. [17] (#cite_note-17) In a 2015 interview, he argued authentic criticism in contemporary fashion journalism (/wiki/Modern_Fashion_Journalism) is now increasingly hard to find, as major fashion conglomerates ensure access to shows and good seat allocation is dependent on positive coverage. [4] (#cite_note-mcdowellinfo3-4) Publications [ edit ] McDowell’s Directory of 20th Century Fashion (1984) In Royal Style (1985) Every Woman’s Guide to Looking Good (1986) Shoes: Fashion and Fantasy (1989) Hats: Status, Style and Glamour (1992) Dressed to Kill: Sex, Power and Clothes (1992) The Designer Scam (1994) The Literary Companion to Fashion (1995) The Man of Fashion: Peacock Males and Perfect Gentlemen (1997) Forties Fashion and the New Look (1997) John Galliano: Romantic, Realist and Revolutionary (1997) Manolo Blahnik (2000) Fashion Today (2000) Jean Paul Gaultier (2001) Ralph Lauren: the man, the vision, the style (2002) DianaStyle (2007) Matthew Williamson (2010) The Anatomy of Fashion: Why We Dress the Way We Do (2013) Novels [ edit ] A Woman of Style (1992) A Woman of Spirit (1993) See also [ edit ] List of Hatfield College alumni (/wiki/List_of_alumni_of_Hatfield_College,_Durham) List of Durham University people (/wiki/List_of_Durham_University_people) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Congregations" (http://reed.dur.ac.uk/xtf/view?docId=bookreader/DU_Gazettes/DUGazetteNS04/DUGazNS04METSfile.xml#page/118/mode/2up) . Durham University Gazette . 4 (2): 27. 1957 . Retrieved 6 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Needham, Alex (22 May 2014). "Colin McDowell: a passion for fashion" (https://www.theguardian.com/books/australia-culture-blog/2014/may/22/colin-mcdowell-a-passion-for-fashion) . The Guardian . Retrieved 8 May 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Wilson, Jennifer; Daniel, Katy (3 December 1993). "Stylish Colin's write on". Newcastle Journal . p. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "A Conversation with a Critic: Colin McDowell" (https://www.notjustalabel.com/editorial/conversation-critic-colin-mcdowell) . Not Just A Label . 26 November 2015 . Retrieved 8 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Editorial" (https://iiif.durham.ac.uk/index.html?manifest=t1m2f75r812k&canvas=t1tm613n0727) . Palatinate (99): 2. 22 February 1957 . Retrieved 11 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) McDowell, Colin (25 October 1957). "Film Notes by Colin McDowell" (https://iiif.durham.ac.uk/index.html?manifest=t1mxw42n798t&canvas=t1tgq67jt348) . Palatinate (105): 5 . Retrieved 14 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Revealing the secrets of the fashion world: Former Sunday Times writer Colin McDowell pays a visit" (https://www.northampton.ac.uk/news/revealing-the-secrets-of-the-fashion-world-former-sunday-times-writer-colin-mcdowell-pays-a-visit/) . University of Northampton . 20 March 2017 . Retrieved 8 May 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b McDowell, Colin. "Versace: Master of the House" (http://www.10magazine.com/womenswear/versace-master-of-the-house-by-colin-mcdowell/) . 10 Magazine . Retrieved 8 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Masterclass: Colin McDowell" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070331100349/http://www.arts.ac.uk/events/5583.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.arts.ac.uk/events/5583.htm) on 31 March 2007 . Retrieved 21 October 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Colin McDowell" (http://journalisted.com/colin-mcdowell) . Journalisted . Retrieved 13 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "DANSK Daily Saturday August 14th by Jacob Petersen" (http://issuu.com/stylecounsel/docs/danskdaily_saturday_august14th) . Issuu.com . Retrieved 13 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Guardian Staff (6 September 2002). "Jackie Moore Memorial Award for Fashion Journalism 2002" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2002/sep/06/fashion1) . The Guardian . Retrieved 24 November 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cartner-Morley, Jess (18 February 2002). "A fractious start to London fashion week" (https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/feb/18/jesscartnermorleyonfashion.expertopinions) . The Guardian . Retrieved 17 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Logos on clothes shout – and shouting is vulgar" (https://metro.co.uk/2013/10/22/fashion-guru-colin-mcdowell-logos-on-clothes-shout-and-shouting-is-vulgar-4155129/) . Metro . 22 October 2013 . Retrieved 8 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Colin McDowell - On Fashion Fringe" (https://www.fashioncapital.co.uk/interviews/11980-colin-mcdowell-on-fashion-fringe/) . Fashion Capital . 2 April 2004 . Retrieved 21 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Hirschmiller, Stephanie (4 December 2013). "Fashion Fringe celebrates its 10th birthday - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10494531/Fashion-Fringe-celebrates-its-10th-birthday.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 8 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh & Scottish Borders: Annual Review 2004" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160413072617/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2005/people-lynn2.html) . Hhw.ac.uk . Archived from the original (http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2005/people-lynn2.html) on 13 April 2016 . Retrieved 2016-03-30 . External links [ edit ] Colin McDowell (https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://journalisted.com/colin-mcdowell) on Journalisted (/wiki/Journalisted) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/149323/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000115735294) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/68965275) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbtkWXG9F9rwMJFvWXPQq) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90731533) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121418090) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121418090) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/115779809) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007434342105171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84218677) Latvia (https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000028658&P_CON_LNG=ENG) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0090101&CON_LNG=ENG) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070579636) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/029887461) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐b8bff7599‐rsd5c Cached time: 20240717104123 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.535 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1981/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36134/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 855/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 17/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 68491/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.264/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5200695/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 471.431 1 -total 36.33% 171.270 1 Template:Reflist 30.88% 145.597 1 Template:Authority_control 19.79% 93.294 3 Template:Cite_journal 19.10% 90.026 1 Template:Short_description 9.65% 45.474 12 Template:Cite_web 8.35% 39.350 2 Template:Pagetype 8.31% 39.155 4 Template:Main_other 7.84% 36.955 1 Template:SDcat 4.53% 21.333 1 Template:Postnominals Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29287195-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717104123 and revision id 1228014668. 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Dress blues may refer to: Uniforms of the British Army § No.1: Temperate ceremonial (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_British_Army#No.1:_Temperate_ceremonial) , British Army dress uniform Uniforms of the Royal Marines § Number 1A Regimental Blues Dress - 'Blues' (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Marines#Number_1A_Regimental_Blues_Dress_-_'Blues') Army Service Uniform § Army Blue Service Uniform (/wiki/Army_Service_Uniform#Army_Blue_Service_Uniform) , of the United States Army Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps § Blue Dress (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps#Blue_Dress) Uniforms of the United States Navy § Service dress (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Navy#Service_dress) Uniforms of the United States Coast Guard § Dress uniforms (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard#Dress_uniforms) "Dress Blues" (song) (/wiki/Dress_Blues_(song)) , song by Jason Isbell from his 2007 album Sirens of the Ditch Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation (/wiki/Help:Disambiguation) page lists articles associated with the title Dress blues . If an internal link (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Dress_blues&namespace=0) led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐wwkfb Cached time: 20240713071710 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.138 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2549/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5356/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1141/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 471/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.028/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1417395/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 124.892 1 -total 75.32% 94.067 1 Template:Disambiguation 34.68% 43.318 1 Template:Dmbox 24.86% 31.053 4 Template:Main_other 24.24% 30.277 6 Template:Section_link 22.15% 27.669 1 Template:Disambiguation_page_short_description 20.96% 26.180 1 Template:Short_description 12.41% 15.496 1 Template:Category_handler 10.71% 13.378 1 Template:SDcat 10.44% 13.033 10 Template:Disambiguation/cat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:16523688-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713071710 and revision id 1180713264. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dress_blues&oldid=1180713264 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dress_blues&oldid=1180713264) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:Disambiguation_pages) Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All article disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:All_article_disambiguation_pages) All disambiguation pages (/wiki/Category:All_disambiguation_pages) |
Leng mos in Causeway Bay (/wiki/Causeway_Bay) , Hong Kong Leng mo ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 𡃁模 ), characterised as pseudo-models [1] (#cite_note-1) in English, are young models (/wiki/Model_(person)) without training and who do not possess the physical qualities required of high-fashion (/wiki/High_fashion) catwalk (/wiki/Catwalk) models, which usually include a minimum height of 5'9". [2] (#cite_note-young-2) Leng mo models arose to prominence in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) in the late 2000s. Leng mos often work as promotional models (/wiki/Promotional_model) at fairs and expositions. They often attract publicity by welcoming photos of them being taken in skimpy outfits such as bikinis (/wiki/Bikini) . [3] (#cite_note-Sina1-3) Many publish their own gravure photograph albums. [4] (#cite_note-cute-4) Etymology [ edit ] It doesn't matter if she has done any modelling before. What matters is the willingness to display her body - not limited to her cleavage. When a leng mo bends forward in her deep-V tops, she doesn't see the need to use her hands to cover her bosom. Jacqueline Pang, writing in The Standard (/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)) [5] (#cite_note-flash-5) Leng mo is a neologism (/wiki/Neologism) derived from Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) slang to describe teenage models without formal training in modeling. The word leng1 (𡃁), [6] (#cite_note-cantodict-6) written alternatively as "ｏ靚" or "口靚", means "young" or "lacking in maturity" in Cantonese. [7] (#cite_note-phenomenon-7) It is used mainly in Hong Kong and does not exist in Putonghua (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) . [8] (#cite_note-8) "Mo (模)" [9] (#cite_note-cantodict1-9) simply means "model". The addition of leng to "model" acts as a diminutive (/wiki/Diminutive) , so for example, in English, a similar construction would be the addition of " -ette (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ette) " to "model" to give "modelette". The English characterisation of leng mo as pseudo-models first appeared in the South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) in a story by reporter Vivienne Chow. [10] (#cite_note-10) According to a Hong Kong TV and radio host Jacqueline Pang (/wiki/Jacqueline_Pang) the typical leng mo is a teenage girl who is prepared to dress (and undress) and "show off her hot body at public functions in a way that, in previous years, could only be seen in adult magazines". [5] (#cite_note-flash-5) According to The Standard (/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)) , leng mo was the most popular new term in Hong Kong in 2009. [11] (#cite_note-11) History [ edit ] During the late 1980s, Hong Kong's modeling industry produced many professional and "proper" models, such as Janet Ma ( 馬詩慧 (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%A9%A9%E6%85%A7) ) and Sophia Kao (aka QiQi 琦琦 (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%A6%E7%90%A6) ). [12] (#cite_note-Ew-12) But in the early 2000s, leng mo gradually rose to prominence due primarily to negative media attention. [2] (#cite_note-young-2) Instead of performing catwalk shows for high fashion, they are hostesses (/wiki/Hostess_club) at shows and exhibitions, [7] (#cite_note-phenomenon-7) particularly those promoting video games (/wiki/Video_game) and electronic products. They soon accrued a large fanbase consisting mainly of young otaku (/wiki/Otaku) men. [13] (#cite_note-13) Hong Kong Book Fair [ edit ] Many have now issued photograph albums, which are launched at book fairs and sold at news stands. [2] (#cite_note-young-2) [4] (#cite_note-cute-4) These have been generally criticised as "low-class" and "inappropriate". Public figures, notably pundit Chip Tsao (/wiki/Chip_Tsao) , said: "allowing these vulgar photo books to be sold in the book fair reflects a wide spread of stupidity in Hong Kong". [4] (#cite_note-cute-4) Some web groups such as "public culture protection groups" (公共文化活動關注組) are opposed to the models making appearances in certain places. In July 2009, they complained against the models' appearance at the annual Hong Kong Book Fair (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Book_Fair) and caused a media stir. [14] (#cite_note-14) More than 30,000 signatures were gathered in an online petition against the models. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Already mindful about potential disruption to the fair, organisers Hong Kong Trade Development Council (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council) dedicated a remote area for those autograph sessions in 2009. [4] (#cite_note-cute-4) Citing numerous complaints from the previous year, the Trade Development Corporation decided to ban the promotion of leng mo photograph collections at the 2010 Book Fair. They said that they wanted to minimise disruption caused by the presence of these girls publicising their books. [17] (#cite_note-toohot-17) The decision was welcomed by 22 parent-teacher groups, [18] (#cite_note-18) Chip Tsao, and Hong Kong actor Anthony Wong (/wiki/Anthony_Wong_(Hong_Kong_actor)) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Publishers and the models objected, and many stationed themselves outside the book fair venue, holding autograph sessions. Saying that the organisers could not bar them from entering the exhibition hall, some of the girls challenged the organisers by entering the book fair venue in their capacity as ordinary members of the public. [20] (#cite_note-20) The organisers' attempt to contain the exploits of the leng mo did not succeed from taking away the attention on them. [21] (#cite_note-chaotic-21) Following the ban on promotions at the Book Fair, organisers of the annual Animation-Comic-Game Hong Kong (/wiki/Animation-Comic-Game_Hong_Kong) also decided to ban pseudo-models from taking part in promotions within their salon. Microsoft (/wiki/Microsoft) , which had engaged Chrissie Chau (/wiki/Chrissie_Chau) and Jessica C, was informed that the girls only be allowed to enter the event as visitors, and that promotions must only be held at designated areas "in order to avoid chaos and to ensure visitors' safety". [22] (#cite_note-22) Notable models [ edit ] Chrissie Chau (/wiki/Chrissie_Chau) (周秀娜) [12] (#cite_note-Ew-12) See also [ edit ] Gravure idol (/wiki/Gravure_idol) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Chan, Peggy (22 July 2009) Pseudo models steal focus at book fair (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2009-07/22/content_8456302.htm) . China Daily (HK Edition) ^ Jump up to: a b c "Young and pretty not enough to launch a career, top models say", South China Morning Post , 17 July 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-Sina1_3-0) " 𡃁模之亂」的成因 (http://news.sina.com.hk/cgi-bin/nw/show.cgi/16/1/1/1203901/1.html) ." Sina.com.hk Retrieved on 21 December 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Lau, Nickkita (24 July 2009). "Cute & controversial" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=36&art_id=85294&sid=24683312&con_type=3&d_str=20090724&sear_year=2009) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629183340/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=36&art_id=85294&sid=24683312&con_type=3&d_str=20090724&sear_year=2009) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , The Standard ^ Jump up to: a b Pang, Jacqueline (29 June 2009) "At least I don't need to flash cleavage" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=84083&sid=24385431&con_type=1&d_str=20090629&sear_year=2009) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629183448/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=84083&sid=24385431&con_type=1&d_str=20090629&sear_year=2009) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , The Standard ^ (#cite_ref-cantodict_6-0) 𡃁 (leng1 | ) : little girl or boy - CantoDict (https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/8573/) ^ Jump up to: a b 文匯報英語加油站："Pseudo model" Phenomenon (𡃁模現象)in Hong Kong (http://paper.wenweipo.com/2009/10/14/ED0910140025.htm) , Wen Wei Po 14 October 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Edu.singtao.com. " 普通話速遞：也談「口靚模」". (http://edu.singtao.com/chi-s/article_details.asp?article_id=1024&catid_str=1,8,16) Sing Tao Daily News Retrieved on 21 December 2009. (http://edu.singtao.com/chi-s/article_details.asp?article_id=1024&catid_str=1,8,16) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-cantodict1_9-0) (mou4 | mo2 mu2) : model; imitate; mould - CantoDict (https://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/dictionary/characters/2314/模) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Chow, Vivienne. (13 July 2009) "30,000 call for 'models' to be banned from book fair", South China Morning Post . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Teen model tickles us pink all year" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=21&art_id=92514&sid=26566665&con_type=1&d_str=20091231&sear_year=2009) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629183537/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=21&art_id=92514&sid=26566665&con_type=1&d_str=20091231&sear_year=2009) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 31 December 2009 ^ Jump up to: a b Eastweek magazine vol 308. 22 July 2009 issue. p 82-90. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "𡃁模跟職業模特兒 市場不同" (http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20090705&sec_id=4104&art_id=12952834) , Apple Daily (5 July 2009). Retrieved on 21 December 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-14) On.cc. " 關注組澄清非針對（口靚）模 (http://the-sun.on.cc/cnt/news/20090717/00410_002.html) ." Retrieved on 21 December 2009. Sun.on.cc ^ (#cite_ref-15) Moy, Patsy (15 July 2009). "Teen models face backlash" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=84851&sid=24568241&con_type=1&d_str=20090715&sear_year=2009) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629183719/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=84851&sid=24568241&con_type=1&d_str=20090715&sear_year=2009) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , The Standard ^ (#cite_ref-16) "口靚模殺入書展 爆發衝突 反對派譏賣肉 支持者斥偏激." (http://www.singpao.com/NewsArticle.aspx?NewsID=33361&Liang=tc) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110611222002/http://www.singpao.com/NewsArticle.aspx?NewsID=33361&Liang=tc) 11 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Sing Pao Retrieved on 21 December 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-toohot_17-0) Chow, Vivienne (24 June 2010), "Too hot to handle - Book Fair organisers ban pseudo-models" South China Morning Post ^ (#cite_ref-18) Yau, Thomas & Cheng, Carrie (2 July 2010). "Enough is enough" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=36&art_id=99985&sid=28780303&con_type=3&d_str=20100702&sear_year=2010) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629183750/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=36&art_id=99985&sid=28780303&con_type=3&d_str=20100702&sear_year=2010) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , The Standard ^ (#cite_ref-19) Mingpao (4 July 2010). "Anthony Wong Scolds Chrissie Chau is Brainless" (https://www.dramasian.com/threads/anthony-wong-scolds-chrissie-chau-is-brainless.60064/) . Dramasian: Asian Entertainment News . Translated by KaY_xD. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Models won't catch council with its pants down" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=21&art_id=100775&sid=28967112&con_type=1&d_str=20100721&sear_year=2010) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629183733/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=21&art_id=100775&sid=28967112&con_type=1&d_str=20100721&sear_year=2010) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) 21 July 2010, The Standard ^ (#cite_ref-chaotic_21-0) Chan, Samuel (22 July 2010). "Pretty chaotic" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=100834&sid=28984111&con_type=3&d_str=20100722&sear_year=2010) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629184531/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=100834&sid=28984111&con_type=3&d_str=20100722&sear_year=2010) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , The Standard ^ (#cite_ref-22) Yu, Rebecca (28 July 2010). "`No comic capers' warning as teen models draw another ban" (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=101063&sid=29046129&con_type=1&d_str=20100728&sear_year=2010) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629184601/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=101063&sid=29046129&con_type=1&d_str=20100728&sear_year=2010) 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , The Standard External links [ edit ] Central Station (2 July 2010). "Sex and the city" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629184314/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=36&art_id=99984&sid=28780304&con_type=1&d_str=20100702&sear_year=2010) , The Standard , Hong Kong. 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American actress and singer (born 1969) For other uses, see Jennifer Lopez (disambiguation) (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_(disambiguation)) . "J.Lo" and "JLO" redirect here. For the album, see J.Lo (album) (/wiki/J.Lo_(album)) . For other uses, see JLO (disambiguation) (/wiki/JLO_(disambiguation)) . Jennifer Lopez Lopez in 2019 Born Jennifer Lynn Lopez ( 1969-07-24 ) July 24, 1969 (age 54) The Bronx (/wiki/The_Bronx) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Other names J.Lo Jennifer Affleck Occupations Singer songwriter [1] (#cite_note-1) actress dancer businesswoman Years active 1989–present Works Discography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_discography) songs recorded (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Jennifer_Lopez) videography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_videography) filmography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_filmography) performances (/wiki/List_of_Jennifer_Lopez_live_performances) Spouses Ojani Noa ( m. 1997; div. 1998) Cris Judd (/wiki/Cris_Judd) ( m. 2001; div. 2003) Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) ( m. 2004; div. 2014) Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) ( m. 2022) Children 2 Relatives Lynda Lopez (/wiki/Lynda_Lopez) (sister) Awards Full list (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jennifer_Lopez) Musical career Genres R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) pop (/wiki/Pop_music) Latin (/wiki/Latin_music) hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) dance (/wiki/Dance_music) Instrument(s) Vocals Labels Work (/wiki/Work_Group) Epic (/wiki/Epic_Records) Island (/wiki/Island_Records) Capitol (/wiki/Capitol_Records) Hitco BMG (/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management) Musical artist Website jenniferlopez (http://jenniferlopez.com) .com (http://jenniferlopez.com) Signature Jennifer Lynn Affleck [2] (#cite_note-2) ( née (/wiki/N%C3%A9e) Lopez ; born July 24, 1969 [3] (#cite_note-3) ), also known by her nickname J.Lo , is an American actress, singer, dancer and businesswoman. Lopez is regarded as one of the most influential Latin entertainers of her time, [4] (#cite_note-4) credited with breaking barriers for Latino Americans (/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans) in Hollywood (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) and helping propel the Latin pop movement (/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States#1990s_Latin_Explosion) in music. She is also noted for her impact on popular culture (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Jennifer_Lopez) through fashion, branding (/wiki/Celebrity_branding) , and shifting mainstream beauty standards (/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal) . Lopez began her career as a dancer, making her television debut as a Fly Girl (/wiki/List_of_In_Living_Color_cast_members#Fly_Girls_(house_dance_troupe)) on the sketch comedy (/wiki/Sketch_comedy) series In Living Color (/wiki/In_Living_Color) in 1991. She later rose to prominence as an actress, with leading roles in the films Selena (/wiki/Selena_(film)) (1997), Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(1997_film)) (1997) and Out of Sight (/wiki/Out_of_Sight) (1998) establishing her as the highest-paid Latin actress. She successfully ventured into the music industry with her debut album On the 6 (/wiki/On_the_6) (1999). In 2001, she became the first woman to simultaneously have the number one album and film in the United States with her second album J.Lo (/wiki/J.Lo_(album)) and romantic comedy (/wiki/Romantic_comedy) The Wedding Planner (/wiki/The_Wedding_Planner) . She has since become known for starring in romantic comedies, including Maid in Manhattan (/wiki/Maid_in_Manhattan) (2002), Shall We Dance? (/wiki/Shall_We_Dance%3F_(2004_film)) (2004), and Monster-in-Law (/wiki/Monster-in-Law) (2005). Lopez released two albums in 2002: J to tha L–O! The Remixes (/wiki/J_to_tha_L%E2%80%93O!_The_Remixes) and This Is Me... Then (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Then) , the former becoming the first remix album to top the US Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) . Media scrutiny and the failure of her film Gigli (/wiki/Gigli) (2003) preceded a career downturn. Her subsequent albums included Rebirth (/wiki/Rebirth_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) (2005) and Como Ama una Mujer (/wiki/Como_Ama_una_Mujer) (2007); the latter broke first-week sales records for a debut Spanish album. In 2011, Lopez returned to prominence as a judge on American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) and released the album Love? (/wiki/Love%3F) . In the latter 2010s, she performed a concert residency (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_All_I_Have) , starred in the police drama (/wiki/Police_procedural) series Shades of Blue (/wiki/Shades_of_Blue_(TV_series)) (2016–2018), served as a judge on World of Dance (/wiki/World_of_Dance_(TV_series)) (2017–2020), and garnered critical praise for her performance in the crime drama Hustlers (/wiki/Hustlers_(film)) (2019). She has since starred in the films Marry Me (/wiki/Marry_Me_(2022_film)) (2022), The Mother (/wiki/The_Mother_(2023_film)) (2023) and This Is Me... Now: A Love Story (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Now:_A_Love_Story) (2024). With over 80 million records sold, Lopez's most successful singles include: " If You Had My Love (/wiki/If_You_Had_My_Love) ", " Waiting for Tonight (/wiki/Waiting_for_Tonight) ", " Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud) ", " Love Don't Cost a Thing (/wiki/Love_Don%27t_Cost_a_Thing_(song)) ", " I'm Real (/wiki/I%27m_Real_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ", " Ain't It Funny (/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Funny_(Murder_Remix)) ", " Jenny from the Block (/wiki/Jenny_from_the_Block) ", " All I Have (/wiki/All_I_Have_(song)) ", " Get Right (/wiki/Get_Right) ", and " On the Floor (/wiki/On_the_Floor) ". [5] (#cite_note-Recording-Academy-5) [6] (#cite_note-Biggest_Billboard-6) Her accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jennifer_Lopez) include a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) , the Billboard Icon Award (/wiki/Billboard_Icon_Award) and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) . She has been ranked among the 100 most influential people in the world (/wiki/Time_100) by Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) and the World's 100 Most Powerful Women (/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_World%27s_100_Most_Powerful_Women) by Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Her other ventures include a lifestyle brand (/wiki/J.Lo_by_Jennifer_Lopez) , beauty and fashion lines, fragrances, a production company (/wiki/Nuyorican_Productions) , and a charitable foundation (/wiki/Lopez_Family_Foundation) . Early life Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born on July 24, 1969, in the Bronx (/wiki/The_Bronx) , a borough of New York City (/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City) , and raised in its Castle Hill (/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Bronx) neighborhood. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-Gallick2003-8) [9] (#cite_note-biography.com-9) Her parents, David Lopez and Guadalupe Rodríguez, were born in Puerto Rico (/wiki/Puerto_Rico) and met in New York City. [10] (#cite_note-Cartlidge-book-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) After serving in the Army, David worked as a computer technician at Guardian Insurance Company (/wiki/The_Guardian_Life_Insurance_Company_of_America) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Guadalupe was a homemaker for the first ten years of Lopez's life and later worked as a Tupperware (/wiki/Tupperware) salesperson [13] (#cite_note-HuffPost-13) and a kindergarten and gym teacher. [14] (#cite_note-14) They divorced in the 1990s after 33 years of marriage. [13] (#cite_note-HuffPost-13) Lopez is a middle child; she has an older sister, Leslie, and a younger sister, Lynda (/wiki/Lynda_Lopez) . [15] (#cite_note-15) The three shared a bedroom. [16] (#cite_note-wmagazine-16) Lopez has described her upbringing as "strict". [17] (#cite_note-robinson-17) She was raised in a Roman Catholic (/wiki/Catholic_Church) family; she attended Mass every Sunday and received a Catholic education, attending Holy Family School and the all-girls Preston High School (/wiki/Preston_High_School_(New_York_City)) , a private school (/wiki/Private_school) . [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) In school, Lopez ran track (/wiki/Track_and_field) on a national level, participated in gymnastics and was on the softball team. [19] (#cite_note-rantrack-19) She danced in school musicals and played a lead role in a production of Godspell (/wiki/Godspell) . [20] (#cite_note-Parish_21-20) She described herself as a "tomboy" and "very athletic". [21] (#cite_note-21) There was "lots of music" in the typically Puerto Rican household, [22] (#cite_note-22) and Lopez and her sisters were encouraged to sing, dance and create their own plays for family events. [23] (#cite_note-behind-23) [24] (#cite_note-atriplethreat-24) West Side Story (/wiki/West_Side_Story) made a particular impression on the young Lopez, who wanted to be an entertainer from an early age. [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) As a teenager, she learned flamenco, jazz and ballet at the Kips Bay Boys & Girls Club (/wiki/Boys_%26_Girls_Clubs_of_America) [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) and taught dance to younger students, including Kerry Washington (/wiki/Kerry_Washington) . [25] (#cite_note-25) After graduating from high school, she had a part-time secretarial job at a law firm and studied business at New York's Baruch College (/wiki/Baruch_College) for one semester. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) At age 18, she enrolled as a full-time student at Manhattan's Phil Black Dance Studio, where she had already taken night classes in jazz and tap dance. [17] (#cite_note-robinson-17) [16] (#cite_note-wmagazine-16) [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) Her parents were unhappy with her decision to leave college to pursue a dance career. According to Lopez, her parents felt it was "foolish" because "no Latinas did that". [20] (#cite_note-Parish_21-20) Her mother asked her to move out of the family home and they stopped speaking for eight months. [23] (#cite_note-behind-23) [28] (#cite_note-28) Lopez moved to Manhattan, sleeping in the dance studio's office for the first few months. [17] (#cite_note-robinson-17) [16] (#cite_note-wmagazine-16) [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) Career 1989–1996: Professional dancing and early acting roles Lopez's first professional job came in 1989 when she spent five months touring Europe with the musical revue show Golden Musicals of Broadway . She was upset at being the only member of the chorus (/wiki/Ensemble_(musical_theatre)) not to have a solo, and later characterized it as a pivotal moment where she had to "try harder and become that much more committed". [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-LA_Times_99-30) In 1990, she danced alongside MC Hammer (/wiki/MC_Hammer) in an episode of Yo! MTV Raps (/wiki/Yo!_MTV_Raps) , [31] (#cite_note-31) and traveled around Japan for four months as a chorus member in Synchronicity . [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) When she returned to the United States, she was hired as a backup dancer for New Kids on the Block (/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Block) 's performance of " Games (/wiki/Games_(New_Kids_on_the_Block_song)) " at the 1991 American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_1991) . [32] (#cite_note-32) She also traveled around America with regional productions of the musicals Jesus Christ Superstar (/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar) and Oklahoma! (/wiki/Oklahoma!) . [33] (#cite_note-33) During this period, Lopez also danced in music videos including Doug E. Fresh (/wiki/Doug_E._Fresh) 's "Summertime", Richard Rogers' "Can't Stop Loving You", EPMD (/wiki/EPMD) 's " Rampage (/wiki/Rampage_(song)) ", [34] (#cite_note-34) and Samantha Fox (/wiki/Samantha_Fox) 's " (Hurt Me! Hurt Me!) But the Pants Stay On (/wiki/(Hurt_Me!_Hurt_Me!)_But_the_Pants_Stay_On) ". [35] (#cite_note-35) Lopez stated: "I'd dance in a piece-of-garbage rap or pop video for 50 bucks and make the money last a whole month." [36] (#cite_note-36) Her most high-profile job as a professional dancer was as a Fly Girl (/wiki/List_of_In_Living_Color_cast_members#Fly_Girls_(house_dance_troupe)) jazz-funk dancer (/wiki/Jazz-funk_dance) on the sketch comedy television series In Living Color (/wiki/In_Living_Color) . The show's choreographer, Rosie Perez (/wiki/Rosie_Perez) said she chose Lopez because "she had that look that I knew the audience would tune in to". [37] (#cite_note-Parish27-37) Lopez moved to Los Angeles in late 1991 for the job; she filmed In Living Color during the day and attended acting classes taught by Aaron Speiser at night. [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) Lopez felt ostracized by the other Fly Girls because of her "voluptuous figure", and also clashed with Perez. [37] (#cite_note-Parish27-37) The head of Virgin Records (/wiki/Virgin_Records) considered signing The Fly Girls as a girl group to rival the Spice Girls (/wiki/Spice_Girls) , but the deal fell apart. [30] (#cite_note-LA_Times_99-30) After appearing as a Fly Girl in seasons three and four of In Living Color , Lopez left to work as a backup dancer for Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) , and appeared in the music video for " That's the Way Love Goes (/wiki/That%27s_the_Way_Love_Goes_(Janet_Jackson_song)) ". [30] (#cite_note-LA_Times_99-30) She was scheduled to tour with Jackson on her Janet World Tour (/wiki/Janet_World_Tour) in late 1993 but opted to pursue an acting career instead. [38] (#cite_note-38) Lopez hired In Living Color producer Eric Gold as her manager. He advised Lopez to lose weight if she wanted to succeed as an actress. [39] (#cite_note-39) Lopez's first professional acting job was a small recurring role on the television show South Central (/wiki/South_Central_(TV_series)) (1994). She was invited to audition for the pilot by a casting director who had seen her speak to camera during a behind-the-scenes In Living Color segment. [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) She then acquired an agent and was cast in the CBS (/wiki/CBS) show Second Chances (/wiki/Second_Chances_(American_TV_series)) ; the series was quickly cancelled, but her popularity with viewers led to her being cast in its spin-off Hotel Malibu (/wiki/Hotel_Malibu) . [40] (#cite_note-40) She subsequently appeared in the television film Lost in the Wild (/wiki/Lost_in_the_Wild) (1993). [41] (#cite_note-41) For her first major movie role, in Gregory Nava (/wiki/Gregory_Nava) 's 1995 drama Mi Familia (/wiki/My_Family_(1995_film)) , Lopez received a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actress (/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Female) . [42] (#cite_note-42) She then starred in the action comedy Money Train (/wiki/Money_Train) (1995). The film was not a box office success, though her performance was reviewed positively, [43] (#cite_note-Marquez_1-43) which led to her being further noticed in Hollywood. [44] (#cite_note-44) In 1996, Lopez had a supporting role opposite Robin Williams (/wiki/Robin_Williams) in the comedy Jack (/wiki/Jack_(1996_film)) , which director Francis Ford Coppola (/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola) cast her in after seeing her performance in Mi Familia . [43] (#cite_note-Marquez_1-43) She next starred opposite Jack Nicholson (/wiki/Jack_Nicholson) in the neo-noir thriller Blood and Wine (/wiki/Blood_and_Wine) (1996), where David Rooney of Variety felt she delivered in "juggling" the "smoldering and soulful sides" of the character. [45] (#cite_note-45) 1997–1999: Breakthrough with Selena and On the 6 With her casting as the singer Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (/wiki/Selena) in the biopic Selena (/wiki/Selena_(film)) (1997), Lopez became the first Latina actress to earn $1 million. She described her salary for the film as a "statement to the world", [46] (#cite_note-NominatedOscarSelena-46) but expressed disappointment that other Latina actors were not being afforded the same opportunities. [47] (#cite_note-47) Despite having previously worked with the film's director Gregory Nava on Mi Familia , Lopez participated in an intense auditioning process and spent time with the late singer's family in Corpus Christi, Texas (/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas) before filming began. [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) Selena was a box office hit, and Lopez's performance received critical acclaim. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) Roger Ebert (/wiki/Roger_Ebert) of the Chicago Sun-Times described it as "a star-making performance" and wrote: "She has the star presence to look convincing in front of 100,000 fans." [52] (#cite_note-52) Lopez received her first Golden Globe (/wiki/55th_Golden_Globe_Awards) nomination for the performance. Nava asked the heads of Warner Bros. to fund an Academy Award campaign for Lopez but was told the Academy would "never nominate a Latina." [53] (#cite_note-53) Later in 1997, Lopez starred opposite Ice Cube (/wiki/Ice_Cube) in the horror film Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(1997_film)) , which received negative reviews from critics but was a box office success. [54] (#cite_note-54) Joe Leydon (/wiki/Joe_Leydon) of Variety found the film "silly" but said it deserved "a little credit" for being "the first movie of its kind to have a Latina and an African-American" as its stars. [55] (#cite_note-55) In the crime film U Turn (/wiki/U_Turn_(1997_film)) (1997), [56] (#cite_note-56) Lopez appeared topless in a sex scene that was added by director Oliver Stone (/wiki/Oliver_Stone) during filming. Speaking in 2003, Lopez said it was not something "I would have chosen to do" and that she and Stone fought over it: "It's hard being the only woman on a set." [18] (#cite_note-actorsstudio-18) Lopez starred opposite George Clooney (/wiki/George_Clooney) in the crime caper Out of Sight (/wiki/Out_of_Sight) (1998), Steven Soderbergh (/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh) 's adaptation of the Elmore Leonard (/wiki/Elmore_Leonard) 1996 novel (/wiki/Out_of_Sight_(novel)) . [57] (#cite_note-57) Cast as a deputy federal marshal who falls for a charming criminal, she won rave reviews for her performance. [58] (#cite_note-Parish65-58) [59] (#cite_note-Kyle-59) Janet Maslin (/wiki/Janet_Maslin) of The New York Times described it as her "best movie role thus far, and she brings it both seductiveness and grit; if it was hard to imagine a hard-working, pistol-packing bombshell on the page, it couldn't be easier here." [60] (#cite_note-60) Turan of the Los Angeles Times described Lopez as "an actress who can be convincingly tough and devastatingly erotic" and said the film solidified "her position as a woman you can confidently build a film around." [61] (#cite_note-61) In 2021, Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian named Lopez and Clooney's partnership as one of the best examples of on-screen chemistry in cinema history. [62] (#cite_note-62) Also in 1998, Lopez provided the voice of Azteca in the animated film Antz (/wiki/Antz) , [58] (#cite_note-Parish65-58) and ventured into product endorsement, becoming a national spokesperson for Coca-Cola (/wiki/Coca-Cola) and L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) . [63] (#cite_note-63) [64] (#cite_note-64) Lopez decided to pursue a music career after working on Selena , realizing that she had missed "the excitement of the stage". [30] (#cite_note-LA_Times_99-30) Her new manager Benny Medina (/wiki/Benny_Medina) sought to position her as "a brand name that will cross over into all media." [30] (#cite_note-LA_Times_99-30) Lopez, who was "really feeling [her] Latin roots", [65] (#cite_note-65) recorded a Spanish-language demo for circulation among prospective labels. With Lopez being a high-profile personality, a bidding war ensued. [66] (#cite_note-Bruns_299-66) Tommy Mottola (/wiki/Tommy_Mottola) , the head of Sony Music (/wiki/Sony_Music) 's Work Group (/wiki/Work_Group) , signed her but suggested that she sing in English instead. [67] (#cite_note-67) Her record deal with Sony was described as "lucrative", having outbid other offers from Capitol Records (/wiki/Capitol_Records) and EMI Latin (/wiki/EMI_Latin) . [68] (#cite_note-68) While Lopez worked on her debut album, Sony "began a major push" to feature her with other high-profile entertainers, leading her to appear in the Sean Combs (/wiki/Sean_Combs) music video " Been Around the World (/wiki/Been_Around_the_World) " (1997). [66] (#cite_note-Bruns_299-66) Her debut album On the 6 (/wiki/On_the_6) (1999), named after the 6 Subway line (/wiki/6_(New_York_City_Subway_service)) which connected her childhood home in the Bronx to Manhattan, [69] (#cite_note-69) was met with positive reviews and further propelled her public profile. [70] (#cite_note-Parish2-70) [5] (#cite_note-Recording-Academy-5) The album was a success and Lopez's debut single, " If You Had My Love (/wiki/If_You_Had_My_Love) ", topped the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) for five consecutive weeks, [5] (#cite_note-Recording-Academy-5) with another single, " Waiting for Tonight (/wiki/Waiting_for_Tonight) ", reaching number eight and becoming a celebratory anthem for the new millennium. [71] (#cite_note-Shemesh-71) Other singles from the album included " Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud) ", which became one of Lopez's signature songs, and " No Me Ames (/wiki/No_Me_Ames) ", a duet with future husband Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) . [5] (#cite_note-Recording-Academy-5) In July 1999, she performed "If You Had My Love" and "Let's Get Loud" at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup (/wiki/1999_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup) closing ceremony. It was watched by over one billion viewers worldwide, exposing Lopez's music career to a larger international audience. [72] (#cite_note-72) 2000–2002: International success In February 2000, Lopez and then-boyfriend Sean Combs (/wiki/Sean_Combs) attended the Grammy Awards (/wiki/42nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , with Lopez wearing a plunging green Versace silk chiffon dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) . [73] (#cite_note-PhillipsReay2002-73) The dress generated worldwide attention and became the most popular search query in Google's history, leading to the creation of Google Images (/wiki/Google_Images) , [74] (#cite_note-Google_Images-74) while boosting Lopez's album and movie ticket sales. [75] (#cite_note-Lee2003-75) Later that year, Lopez starred in the psychological thriller The Cell (/wiki/The_Cell_(film)) , for which she received a $4 million salary. [70] (#cite_note-Parish2-70) The film, where Lopez played a psychologist who uses radical experimental therapy to enter the mind of a killer, received mixed reviews but was a box office success. [76] (#cite_note-76) David Edelstein of Slate remarked that the "imperious" Lopez was "trying to look waifishly expectant" [77] (#cite_note-77) while Amy Taubin of The Village Voice noted that she appeared to be engaged "in some kind of pouting competition" "in lieu of acting." [78] (#cite_note-78) Lopez became the first woman to have a number one film and album simultaneously in January 2001, with the release of her sophomore album J.Lo (/wiki/J.Lo_(album)) and her romantic comedy The Wedding Planner (/wiki/The_Wedding_Planner) , which co-stars Matthew McConaughey (/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey) . [79] (#cite_note-timeTyrangiel-79) The Wedding Planner received highly negative reviews but became a box office success. [80] (#cite_note-Vice-80) Jessica Winter of The Village Voice found Lopez miscast as a "buttoned down, celibate" woman in the film. [81] (#cite_note-81) Lopez titled her album J.Lo after the nickname which her fans and the media had been increasingly referring to her as. She also adopted J.Lo as her stagename. [82] (#cite_note-Divas-82) J.Lo received polarized reviews from critics but became the most successful album of her career, selling 12 million copies worldwide. [83] (#cite_note-83) It included the singles " Love Don't Cost a Thing (/wiki/Love_Don%27t_Cost_a_Thing_(song)) ", which reached number one in various countries, [5] (#cite_note-Recording-Academy-5) " I'm Real (/wiki/I%27m_Real_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " featuring Ja Rule (/wiki/Ja_Rule) , which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100, [84] (#cite_note-I'm_Real_ET-84) " Ain't It Funny (/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Funny) ", and " Play (/wiki/Play_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ". In support of the album, Lopez performed two-concert residency (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud_(concerts)) in Puerto Rico, which was later broadcast in November 2001 as an NBC (/wiki/NBC) special, Jennifer Lopez in Concert . It was one of the most-watched concert specials of the year in the United States, with an audience of almost 12 million. [85] (#cite_note-85) In other 2001 work, Lopez launched her first business venture, the clothing line J.Lo by Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/J.Lo_by_Jennifer_Lopez) . The line catered to women of all sizes, as Lopez felt "the voluptuous woman [was] almost ignored" in the fashion industry. [82] (#cite_note-Divas-82) She also founded her production company, Nuyorican Productions (/wiki/Nuyorican_Productions) , with manager Benny Medina. Her next film was the romantic drama Angel Eyes (/wiki/Angel_Eyes_(film)) , starring opposite Jim Caviezel (/wiki/Jim_Caviezel) . [86] (#cite_note-86) Lopez's performance was well-reviewed, [87] (#cite_note-87) [88] (#cite_note-88) though the film was a critical and commercial disappointment. [89] (#cite_note-Woog_55-89) She was slated to star alongside Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) in a remake of Elvis Presley (/wiki/Elvis_Presley) 's Viva Las Vegas (/wiki/Viva_Las_Vegas) , but this did not eventuate. [90] (#cite_note-90) There was a time when I was very overworked and I was doing music and movies and so many things. I was suffering from a lack of sleep ... I was like — I don't want to move, I don't want to talk, I don't want to do anything. It was on that movie, Enough (/wiki/Enough_(film)) ... I had a nervous breakdown (/wiki/Nervous_breakdown) . —Lopez, discussing the "height of her fame" [91] (#cite_note-Singh-91) Lopez released two albums in 2002. The first was J to tha L–O! The Remixes (/wiki/J_to_tha_L%E2%80%93O!_The_Remixes) , which became the first remix album in history to debut at number one on the Billboard 200. [92] (#cite_note-Billboard_Book_of_Number_One_Hits-92) Its singles included " Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix) (/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Funny_(Murder_Remix)) " and " I'm Gonna Be Alright (/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Be_Alright) ", which reached number one and ten on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively. [6] (#cite_note-Biggest_Billboard-6) Lopez's third studio album, This Is Me... Then (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Then) , was released in late 2002, and was heavily influenced by her relationship with then-fiancé Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) . It received mixed critical reviews; Billboard ' s Michael Paoletta noted the "considerable growth she reveals as a performer and tunesmith" on the album, [93] (#cite_note-Paoletta-93) while Jon Caramanica (/wiki/Jon_Caramanica) called it "the least interesting music on the pop charts today." [94] (#cite_note-94) The album became a commercial success, achieving the highest opening sales week of her career. The album's lead single " Jenny from the Block (/wiki/Jenny_from_the_Block) ", which peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, was viewed as a response to the notion that Lopez had alienated her "core fan base: the black and Hispanic hip-hop community." [95] (#cite_note-Lynette-95) The album also spawned the number one single " All I Have (/wiki/All_I_Have_(song)) ". Lopez starred as an abused wife who fights back in the thriller Enough (/wiki/Enough_(film)) (2002), a role which required her to learn Krav Maga (/wiki/Krav_Maga) . [89] (#cite_note-Woog_55-89) [96] (#cite_note-96) An overworked Lopez suffered a nervous breakdown (/wiki/Mental_breakdown) in 2001 while filming it. [91] (#cite_note-Singh-91) The film received negative reviews; [89] (#cite_note-Woog_55-89) Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times (/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times) felt it was "tacky material" and was surprised to see "an actress like Jennifer Lopez" involved with the project. [97] (#cite_note-97) Her next film was the romantic comedy, Maid in Manhattan (/wiki/Maid_in_Manhattan) (2002), in which Lopez starred opposite Ralph Fiennes (/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes) as a maid and single mother from the Bronx. [98] (#cite_note-98) It became the highest-grossing film of her career. [99] (#cite_note-BOM_Breakdown-99) Reviewing Maid in Manhattan , A. O. Scott of The New York Times enjoyed Lopez as a romantic lead and said "her greatest skill as an actress" was "her ability to melt without cracking the hard shell of composure she wears." [100] (#cite_note-100) In 2002 business ventures, Lopez opened Madre's, a Los Angeles restaurant serving Latin cuisine, [101] (#cite_note-madre-101) and released her first fragrance, Glow by JLo (/wiki/Glow_by_JLo) . It became the top-selling fragrance in the US. [102] (#cite_note-HS-102) 2003–2009: Media scrutiny and career downturn Lopez arriving at the MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2004_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) in 2004 Lopez became the subject of widespread media criticism in 2003 due to her public relationship with Ben Affleck and the tabloid depiction of her (#Public_image) as a demanding diva. [103] (#cite_note-Observer-103) She fired both her personal manager Benny Medina and her publicist in mid-2003; The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) reported that movie executives had become frustrated by having their communications with Lopez "largely filtered" through Medina. [104] (#cite_note-104) That year, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli (/wiki/Gigli) , which was a box-office bomb (/wiki/Box-office_bomb) and is considered one of the worst films of all time (/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_worst) . [99] (#cite_note-BOM_Breakdown-99) [105] (#cite_note-105) [106] (#cite_note-106) Rex Reed of The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) criticized the lead actors, calling them "pathetically incompetent" in both "craft and talent". [107] (#cite_note-107) Roger Ebert (/wiki/Roger_Ebert) agreed that the movie "doesn't quite work", but found Lopez and Affleck "appealing in their performances" and noted the couple's chemistry. [108] (#cite_note-108) Later in 2003, she released her second fragrance Still Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Still_Jennifer_Lopez) , and became the face of Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) 's fall advertising campaign. [109] (#cite_note-109) Lopez had a minor role opposite Affleck in the film Jersey Girl (/wiki/Jersey_Girl_(2004_film)) (2004). Following test audiences' negative reactions to the onscreen couple, her screen time was halved. [110] (#cite_note-110) Lopez later described this as the lowest point of her career [111] (#cite_note-111) and admitted she felt "eviscerated" by the media coverage surrounding Gigli : "I lost my sense of self, questioned if I belonged in this business, thought maybe I did suck at everything. And my relationship self-destructed in front of the entire world. It was a two-year thing for me until I picked myself up again." [112] (#cite_note-BeautyAndRedemption-112) Months later, she starred opposite Richard Gere (/wiki/Richard_Gere) in the romantic comedy-drama Shall We Dance? (/wiki/Shall_We_Dance%3F_(2004_film)) , which was a box-office success. [99] (#cite_note-BOM_Breakdown-99) Lopez's clothing lines and two fragrances generated over $300 million in revenue throughout 2004. [79] (#cite_note-timeTyrangiel-79) The marketing for the romantic comedy Monster-in-Law (/wiki/Monster-in-Law) (2005), in which Lopez starred opposite Jane Fonda (/wiki/Jane_Fonda) , played up her " Gigli -and-tabloid tarnished image", and it became a box office success. [99] (#cite_note-BOM_Breakdown-99) [113] (#cite_note-113) She released her fourth studio album, Rebirth (/wiki/Rebirth_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) , in early 2005. Its title was symbolic of Lopez's hopes for "a new professional beginning". [114] (#cite_note-Tracy_107-114) It was recorded during a period where Lopez felt "a little bit lost, trying to get my footing in a new life", "I had just gotten married [to singer Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) ] ... I wasn't with Benny [Medina]." [115] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-115) In a review of Rebirth , journalist Alexis Petridis (/wiki/Alexis_Petridis) remarked that the title "suggests even Lopez has realised that something is amiss with her career ... Despite the highlights, you're still left pondering the question: what happened to Jennifer Lopez?" [116] (#cite_note-116) The album reached number two on the Billboard 200, but failed to replicate the sales of her previous albums. [117] (#cite_note-Variety-117) Its lead single " Get Right (/wiki/Get_Right_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ", however, reached number twelve on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming one of her most successful songs. [6] (#cite_note-Biggest_Billboard-6) Also in 2005, Lopez launched her second fashion label, Sweetface, which was geared towards "high fashion" in comparison, [118] (#cite_note-118) and appeared in a Kill Bill (/wiki/Kill_Bill:_Volume_1) -inspired Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) commercial with Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) . [119] (#cite_note-119) The next year, she returned to the top five of the Billboard Hot 100 as a featured artist on " Control Myself (/wiki/Control_Myself) ", the lead single from LL Cool J (/wiki/LL_Cool_J) 's twelfth studio album (/wiki/Todd_Smith_(album)) . [120] (#cite_note-120) Lopez's next three movie projects were box office failures. She starred alongside Robert Redford (/wiki/Robert_Redford) and Morgan Freeman (/wiki/Morgan_Freeman) in the drama An Unfinished Life (/wiki/An_Unfinished_Life) (2005). Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times predicted that the typical review would be unkind: "It will have no respect for Jennifer Lopez, because she is going through a period right now when nobody is satisfied with anything she does ... Give Lopez your permission to be good again; she is the same actress now as when we thought her so new and fine." [121] (#cite_note-121) In 2006, she reunited with director Gregory Nava to star in the crime drama Bordertown (/wiki/Bordertown_(2006_film)) as a journalist investigating female homicides in Ciudad Juárez (/wiki/Female_homicides_in_Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez) , Mexico. [122] (#cite_note-122) The film was negatively reviewed and received a direct-to-video (/wiki/Direct-to-video) release. [99] (#cite_note-BOM_Breakdown-99) David D'Arcy of Screen Daily found Lopez "unconvincing" as a journalist. [123] (#cite_note-123) In 2007, she starred opposite her then-husband Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) in the music biopic El Cantante (/wiki/El_Cantante) , which told the story of Puerto Rican salsa (/wiki/Salsa_music) singer Héctor Lavoe (/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Lavoe) and his wife Puchi. [124] (#cite_note-CantanteNYReview-124) It did not perform well at the box office and received mixed reviews from film critics; Lopez's performance, which she expressed pride in, [125] (#cite_note-Pitchfork-125) drew both praise and criticism. [114] (#cite_note-Tracy_107-114) [126] (#cite_note-126) Lopez in 2008 Lopez released two studio albums in 2007. Her fifth album, Como Ama una Mujer (/wiki/Como_Ama_una_Mujer) , was her first to be recorded entirely in Spanish. [127] (#cite_note-CAUM-127) Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) acknowledged that the album offered "fairly persuasive proof" that Lopez can sing, but was unimpressed by the "flaccid torch songs." [128] (#cite_note-128) It became the fifth Spanish album to debut in the top ten of the Billboard 200, and achieved the highest first-week sales for an artist's debut Spanish album at the time. [129] (#cite_note-Billboard_Spanish_Album_2016-129) The lead single " Qué Hiciste (/wiki/Qu%C3%A9_Hiciste) " reached number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 while the second single " Me Haces Falta (/wiki/Me_Haces_Falta) " failed to chart. Lopez's sixth studio album Brave (/wiki/Brave_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) , released later that year, was her lowest-charting album worldwide. [130] (#cite_note-lovereview-130) Jonathan Bernstein of Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) was disappointed that Lopez had returned to "listless vocals" for her "back-to-the-dance-floor album." [131] (#cite_note-131) The album debuted at number 12 on the Billboard 200 [132] (#cite_note-132) and produced two singles, " Do It Well (/wiki/Do_It_Well) " and " Hold It Don't Drop It (/wiki/Hold_It_Don%27t_Drop_It) ". The first peaked at number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart, while the latter failed to chart. While pregnant with twins, Lopez embarked upon her first ever concert tour, a show co-headlined by Anthony (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_and_Marc_Anthony_en_Concierto) , in September 2007; the tour was well received. [114] (#cite_note-Tracy_107-114) [133] (#cite_note-133) She also created, produced and was featured in the MTV show DanceLife (/wiki/DanceLife) , which she described as a "passion project". [114] (#cite_note-Tracy_107-114) After giving birth to twins in February 2008, Lopez took a career break. [134] (#cite_note-Tampa-134) Her restaurant Madre's closed permanently, [101] (#cite_note-madre-101) as did her two fashion lines. [135] (#cite_note-Forbes2-135) After rehiring former manager Medina, [136] (#cite_note-136) Lopez released two songs in late 2009, " Louboutins (/wiki/Louboutins_(song)) " and "Fresh Out of the Oven". The songs were intended for her seventh studio album but failed to make an appearance on the Billboard charts, leading to her departure from Sony Music and Epic Records (/wiki/Epic_Records) . [137] (#cite_note-137) 2010–2015: American Idol and career rejuvenation Lopez performing during her Dance Again World Tour (/wiki/Dance_Again_World_Tour) in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) in 2012 Lopez's first theatrical role in three years was in the romantic comedy The Back-up Plan (/wiki/The_Back-up_Plan) (2010). [134] (#cite_note-Tampa-134) Manohla Dargis of The New York Times was unimpressed by the movie and described Lopez as "an appealing screen presence with a disappointing big-screen track record. That's probably not all her fault: romantic roles for women often are the provenance of the bland or the blonde." [138] (#cite_note-138) A "big turning point" in Lopez's career came when she joined the judging panel of the singing competition series American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) for its tenth season (/wiki/American_Idol_(season_10)) , replacing Simon Cowell (/wiki/Simon_Cowell) . Despite being advised that it was a "huge gamble", [139] (#cite_note-Stylist-139) she accepted the job, as she was "not getting offered a whole bunch of movies". [140] (#cite_note-varietyidol-140) Lopez's appearance on American Idol in 2011 returned her to prominence. [140] (#cite_note-varietyidol-140) Hannah Elliot of Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) described it as "a remarkable comeback", writing: " Idol humanized her. Viewers who knew only an attention-grabbing siren met a hardworking, self-made, empathetic single mother, who got emotional when contestants did well and when they failed." [135] (#cite_note-Forbes2-135) Lopez subsequently experienced what Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) called "the most impressive reality-TV-based rejuvenation of a music career ever." [141] (#cite_note-Rejuvenation-141) After signing a new recording contract with Island Records (/wiki/Island_Records) , her seventh studio album, Love? (/wiki/Love%3F) , was released in early 2011. While the album itself was a moderate commercial success, [130] (#cite_note-lovereview-130) the single " On the Floor (/wiki/On_the_Floor) " was the year's highest-selling single by a female artist. [142] (#cite_note-Digital_report_2012-142) It reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her highest-charting single as a lead artist since "All I Have". [143] (#cite_note-143) The album produced two more singles, " I'm Into You (/wiki/I%27m_Into_You) " and " Papi (/wiki/Papi_(song)) ", to modest success. [141] (#cite_note-Rejuvenation-141) Around this time, Lopez became a brand ambassador for L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , Gilette Venus (/wiki/Gillette_Mach3) , Tous (/wiki/Tous_(company)) and Fiat (/wiki/Fiat) . [135] (#cite_note-Forbes2-135) She also launched the Jennifer Lopez Collection (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_Collection) , a clothing and homeware line with Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) for Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) ; the collection generated an estimated $3 billion in sales during its first year. [139] (#cite_note-Stylist-139) Lopez returned as a judge for American Idol ' s eleventh season (/wiki/American_Idol_(season_11)) in 2012, earning a reported $20 million. [135] (#cite_note-Forbes2-135) That year, she released her greatest hits album Dance Again... the Hits (/wiki/Dance_Again..._the_Hits) , to fulfil her contractual obligations with her former label Epic Records. [144] (#cite_note-radio1-144) Lopez, who was divorcing Anthony and navigating the "breakup of a family", felt as if the album's sole single, " Dance Again (/wiki/Dance_Again) ", had come to her at the "perfect moment". [145] (#cite_note-ryaninterview-145) "Dance Again" reached number 17 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Lopez launched the Dance Again World Tour (/wiki/Dance_Again_World_Tour) , her first headlining concert tour, in mid-2012. It grossed over $1 million per show. [146] (#cite_note-Forbes_2013-146) Also that year, she launched Teeology (/wiki/Teeology) , a luxury T-shirt brand. [147] (#cite_note-147) Lopez returned to the big screen in 2012, starring alongside an ensemble cast (/wiki/Ensemble_cast) in the film What to Expect When You're Expecting (/wiki/What_to_Expect_When_You%27re_Expecting_(film)) , which is based on the 1984 book What to Expect When You're Expecting (/wiki/What_to_Expect_When_You%27re_Expecting) . [148] (#cite_note-Lopez-148) Lopez voiced Shira, a saber tooth tiger, in the animated film, Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) , the fourth film in the Ice Age (/wiki/Ice_Age_(franchise)) franchise. [149] (#cite_note-Rovi_Ice_Age_4-149) [150] (#cite_note-150) Also in 2012, a talent show, ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen (/wiki/Q%27Viva!_The_Chosen) followed Lopez, Anthony, and director-choreographer Jamie King (/wiki/Jamie_King) as they travelled across 21 countries in Latin America to find new talent for a Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) show. [151] (#cite_note-151) In 2013, Lopez starred alongside Jason Statham (/wiki/Jason_Statham) in the crime thriller Parker (/wiki/Parker_(2013_film)) , in which she played Leslie. Her performance earned positive reviews, with the Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) commending the role for giving Lopez "an opportunity to be dramatic, romantic, funny, depressed, euphoric and violent. The audience stays with her all the way". [152] (#cite_note-152) That year, Lopez released the single " Live It Up (/wiki/Live_It_Up_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ", founded the mobile phone retail brand Viva Móvil (/wiki/Viva_M%C3%B3vil) , [153] (#cite_note-153) and was named chief creative officer (/wiki/Chief_creative_officer) of NuvoTV (/wiki/NuvoTV) . [154] (#cite_note-154) [155] (#cite_note-Latino1-155) She also served as an executive producer of the television series The Fosters (/wiki/The_Fosters_(2013_TV_series)) (2013–2018), a show about a lesbian couple raising a family. Lopez's desire to work on the series was driven by her late aunt, who was gay. [156] (#cite_note-156) Lopez at the 25th GLAAD Media Awards (/wiki/25th_GLAAD_Media_Awards) in 2014 After a one-season absence, Lopez returned to American Idol for its thirteenth season (/wiki/American_Idol_(season_13)) , earning a reported $17.5 million. [157] (#cite_note-157) Her eighth studio album, A.K.A. (/wiki/A.K.A._(album)) , was released in mid-2014 through Capitol Records (/wiki/Capitol_Records) , experiencing lacklustre sales, becoming her lowest-selling album in the US. [158] (#cite_note-158) The album produced three singles: " I Luh Ya Papi (/wiki/I_Luh_Ya_Papi) ", featuring French Montana (/wiki/French_Montana) , " First Love (/wiki/First_Love_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ", and " Booty (/wiki/Booty_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ", featuring Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) . They reached 77, 87 and 18 respectively on the Billboard Hot 100. Also that year, Lopez released " We Are One (Ole Ola) (/wiki/We_Are_One_(Ole_Ola)) ", the official song for the 2014 FIFA World Cup (/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup) along with Pitbull (/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)) and Claudia Leitte (/wiki/Claudia_Leitte) . Lopez partnered with Endless Jewelry on a range of jewelry, [159] (#cite_note-159) and released a book, True Love (/wiki/True_Love_(book)) , which became a New York Times best-seller (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list) . [160] (#cite_note-160) 2015 saw the release of The Boy Next Door (/wiki/The_Boy_Next_Door_(film)) , an erotic thriller that Lopez both co-produced and starred in as a high school teacher who becomes involved with a student, which eventually leads to his dangerous obsession with her. [161] (#cite_note-HuffPost_Latino-161) The film received negative reviews from critics. [162] (#cite_note-162) Despite this, it became her most successful opening at the box office for a live action film since Monster-in-Law . [163] (#cite_note-163) [164] (#cite_note-Box_Office_Mojo-164) Lopez had a voice role in the animated feature Home (/wiki/Home_(2015_comedy_film)) and contributed the single " Feel the Light (/wiki/Feel_the_Light) " to the film's official soundtrack. [165] (#cite_note-Martin_&_Lopez-165) [166] (#cite_note-166) She also starred in the independent drama film Lila & Eve (/wiki/Lila_%26_Eve) , alongside Viola Davis (/wiki/Viola_Davis) . [167] (#cite_note-167) 2016–2021: Television work, Hustlers and Super Bowl LIV In January 2016, Lopez commenced a concert residency show, All I Have (/wiki/All_I_Have_(residency)) , at Planet Hollywood (/wiki/Planet_Hollywood_Resort_%26_Casino) 's Zappos Theater (/wiki/Zappos_Theater) in Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) . [168] (#cite_note-168) She performed 120 shows during the three-year run, grossing over $100 million in ticket sales. [169] (#cite_note-169) [170] (#cite_note-170) At the beginning of the residency, Lopez signed a multi-album deal with her former label Epic Records, [171] (#cite_note-New_Epic_Deal-171) and released " Ain't Your Mama (/wiki/Ain%27t_Your_Mama) ", one of her most successful singles during the 2010s. [172] (#cite_note-172) Also in 2016, she began starring in NBC (/wiki/NBC) 's crime drama series Shades of Blue (/wiki/Shades_of_Blue_(TV_series)) , which she also executive produced. She played Harlee Santos (/wiki/Harlee_Santos) , a single mother and police detective who goes undercover for the FBI to investigate her own squad. [173] (#cite_note-173) The series' premiere brought NBC its most-watched Thursday debut in seven years. [174] (#cite_note-174) Starring alongside Ray Liotta (/wiki/Ray_Liotta) , Lopez's performance received critical praise. [175] (#cite_note-175) [176] (#cite_note-176) That year, she also reprised her voice role as Shira in the animated film Ice Age: Collision Course (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Collision_Course) (2016), [177] (#cite_note-177) and designed a capsule collection of shoes and jewelry in collaboration with Giuseppe Zanotti (/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanotti) . [178] (#cite_note-178) Lopez was executive producer and judge on NBC's dance competition series World of Dance (/wiki/World_of_Dance_(TV_series)) , [179] (#cite_note-Variety_July_2016-179) which was a ratings success upon its May 2017 premiere. [180] (#cite_note-180) [181] (#cite_note-181) That year, Lopez released the singles " Ni Tú Ni Yo (/wiki/Ni_T%C3%BA_Ni_Yo) " and " Amor, Amor, Amor (/wiki/Amor,_Amor,_Amor) ", which were intended to be included on her second Spanish-language album Por Primera Vez , [129] (#cite_note-Billboard_Spanish_Album_2016-129) [182] (#cite_note-Idolator_1-182) which was ultimately shelved. In late 2017, she was announced as the new face of clothing company Guess (/wiki/Guess_(company)) , becoming the oldest spokeswoman in the company's history. [183] (#cite_note-183) In 2018, Lopez released a string of Spanish and Spanglish (/wiki/Spanglish) singles: " Se Acabó el Amor (/wiki/Se_Acab%C3%B3_el_Amor) ", " El Anillo (/wiki/El_Anillo) ", " Dinero (/wiki/Dinero_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " featuring DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) and Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) , and " Te Guste (/wiki/Te_Guste) " with Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) . Forbes noted that the songs were unable to "completely connect on a crossover, mainstream level", but were more successful on US-based Latin charts, nearly all of them reaching number one on the Billboard Latin Airplay (/wiki/Latin_Airplay) chart. [184] (#cite_note-Benjamin-184) In collaboration with Inglot Cosmetics (/wiki/Inglot_Cosmetics) , she launched a limited-edition makeup collection. [185] (#cite_note-185) She later starred in and executive produced the comedy film Second Act (/wiki/Second_Act_(film)) (2018), directed by Peter Segal (/wiki/Peter_Segal) ; [186] (#cite_note-186) she also recorded the single " Limitless (/wiki/Limitless_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " for its soundtrack. [187] (#cite_note-187) Second Act earned mixed reviews from critics, [188] (#cite_note-188) but performed well at the box office, grossing $72.3 million during its theatrical run. [189] (#cite_note-189) Lopez performing during her It's My Party (/wiki/It%27s_My_Party_(tour)) tour in July 2019 In the first half of 2019, Lopez embarked on an international concert tour, It's My Party (/wiki/It%27s_My_Party_(tour)) , to celebrate her 50th birthday. The tour grossed an estimated $54.7 million from thirty-eight shows. Variety reported that most shows were sold out. [190] (#cite_note-190) She also signed with new label Hitco Entertainment (/wiki/Hitco) and released the single " Medicine (/wiki/Medicine_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " featuring French Montana. [191] (#cite_note-191) In other 2019 activities, she became the global face of the Coach (/wiki/Coach_New_York) brand, [192] (#cite_note-192) launched a collection of sunglasses with the brand Quay Australia, [193] (#cite_note-193) and modeled an updated version of her Green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) . She also became executive producer of two television series, Good Trouble (/wiki/Good_Trouble_(TV_series)) and Thanks a Million (/wiki/Thanks_a_Million_(TV_series)) . [194] (#cite_note-194) Lopez executive produced and starred in the crime drama film Hustlers (/wiki/Hustlers_(film)) (2019). Directed by Lorene Scafaria (/wiki/Lorene_Scafaria) , the film is inspired by a true story, following a group of Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) strippers (/wiki/Stripper) who con wealthy male Wall Street (/wiki/Wall_Street) clientele. [195] (#cite_note-195) Lopez's portrayal of a veteran stripper in Hustlers garnered acclaim from critics, with some deeming it the best performance of her acting career. [196] (#cite_note-196) [197] (#cite_note-197) [198] (#cite_note-198) The film also gave Lopez her highest opening weekend at the box office for a live action film, grossing $33.2 million. [199] (#cite_note-199) Her performance received nominations for Best Supporting Actress at the Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards) , Screen Actors Guild Awards (/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award) , Critics' Choice Movie Awards (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Awards) and Independent Spirit Awards (/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Awards) . [200] (#cite_note-GiftedActress-200) The success of Hustlers was regarded by various media outlets as a comeback as an actress for Lopez. [201] (#cite_note-201) [202] (#cite_note-202) [203] (#cite_note-203) In February 2020, Lopez co-headlined the Super Bowl LIV halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIV_halftime_show) in Miami, Florida (/wiki/Miami,_Florida) alongside Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) ; the performance included an appearance by her child Emme Muñiz. [204] (#cite_note-204) The performance was widely praised and became the most-watched Super Bowl halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_halftime_show) to date. [205] (#cite_note-BBC-205) Later that year, Lopez released the singles " Pa' Ti (/wiki/Pa%27_Ti_%2B_Lonely) " with Maluma (/wiki/Maluma) ―which became her most successful song since 2017―and " In the Morning (/wiki/In_the_Morning_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ", before headlining the 2021 Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest (/wiki/Dick_Clark%27s_New_Year%27s_Rockin%27_Eve) special live from Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) on ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) . [206] (#cite_note-206) [207] (#cite_note-207) In January 2021, she performed at the 2021 inauguration (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden) of President Joe Biden (/wiki/Joe_Biden) in Washington, D.C. [208] (#cite_note-Inauguration-208) In business, Lopez focused on investments and creating her own brands. She launched her skin care line, JLo Beauty, [209] (#cite_note-209) released a shoe collection in partnership with DSW (/wiki/Designer_Shoe_Warehouse) , and invested in companies including Hims & Hers Health (/wiki/Hims_%26_Hers_Health) , Bodyarmor SuperDrink (/wiki/Bodyarmor_SuperDrink) , Goli nutritional supplements and meal delivery service Wonder (/wiki/Wonder_Group) . [210] (#cite_note-210) In mid-2021, she signed a multi-year deal with Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) to produce a range of films and television shows through her own Nuyorican Productions, [211] (#cite_note-211) and released the reggaeton (/wiki/Reggaeton) Spanish single, " Cambia el Paso (/wiki/Cambia_el_Paso) " with Rauw Alejandro (/wiki/Rauw_Alejandro) . [125] (#cite_note-Pitchfork-125) 2022–present: Focus on film and This Is Me... Now Lopez co-produced and starred opposite Owen Wilson (/wiki/Owen_Wilson) and Maluma in the romantic comedy Marry Me (/wiki/Marry_Me_(2022_film)) , which was released in February 2022. [212] (#cite_note-212) The film grossed over $50 million at the box office while becoming the most-streamed day-and-date film on Peacock (/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)) , [213] (#cite_note-213) [214] (#cite_note-214) and received generally mixed reviews from critics. [215] (#cite_note-215) [216] (#cite_note-216) Lopez also released a soundtrack for the film (/wiki/Marry_Me_(soundtrack)) , with Maluma, which generated the singles " On My Way (/wiki/On_My_Way_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " and " Marry Me (/wiki/Marry_Me_(Jennifer_Lopez_and_Maluma_song)) ". In March 2022, Lopez was appointed as the chief "entertainment and lifestyle" officer of the cruise line, Virgin Voyages (/wiki/Virgin_Voyages) . [217] (#cite_note-217) Her next project was the documentary Jennifer Lopez: Halftime (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_Halftime) , which focuses on her life following the release of Hustlers and in preparation for her Super Bowl performance. [218] (#cite_note-218) Released on Netflix in June 2022 following its premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival (/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival) , it garnered generally positive reviews from film critics. [219] (#cite_note-219) [220] (#cite_note-220) In September, Lopez was announced as the global ambassador of Italian lingerie label Intimissimi (/wiki/Intimissimi) . [221] (#cite_note-221) The following month, Jimmy Fallon (/wiki/Jimmy_Fallon) and Lopez released a children's book, Con Pollo: A Bilingual Playtime Adventure , which became a New York Times best-seller (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list) . [222] (#cite_note-222) [223] (#cite_note-223) Lopez co-produced and starred opposite Josh Duhamel (/wiki/Josh_Duhamel) and Jennifer Coolidge (/wiki/Jennifer_Coolidge) in the action-comedy Shotgun Wedding (/wiki/Shotgun_Wedding_(2022_film)) , which was released on Amazon Prime Video (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) in January 2023. It became one of the top-streamed films on Prime Video that year. [224] (#cite_note-Variety_2024-224) She also led and co-produced the action thriller feature The Mother (/wiki/The_Mother_(2023_film)) , directed by Niki Caro (/wiki/Niki_Caro) and released on Netflix in May 2023. [225] (#cite_note-225) The film received mixed reviews, [226] (#cite_note-226) but became the most-watched film on the platform in 2023. [224] (#cite_note-Variety_2024-224) [227] (#cite_note-227) That September, she entered a "recording and publishing" partnership with BMG Rights Management (/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management) , in conjunction with her Nuyorican Productions. [228] (#cite_note-bmg_partnership-228) Lopez's business ventures in 2023 included: launching a spritz (/wiki/Spritz_(cocktail)) brand named Delola, [229] (#cite_note-229) a collaboration between her lifestyle brand J.Lo by Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/J.Lo_by_Jennifer_Lopez) and fashion retailer Revolve, [230] (#cite_note-230) and a footwear line, JLO Jennifer Lopez, which was released as three collections in March, May, and June. [231] (#cite_note-231) Lopez's ninth studio album This Is Me... Now (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Now) , a sequel album to This Is Me... Then (2002), was released by Nuyorican and BMG on February 16, 2024. [232] (#cite_note-232) The album formed part of a "three-part multimedia project" which included a companion musical film, This Is Me... Now: A Love Story (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Now:_A_Love_Story) directed by Dave Meyers (/wiki/Dave_Meyers_(director)) , and a documentary, The Greatest Love Story Never Told (/wiki/Greatest_Love_Story_Never_Told) , both of which were released on Prime Video. [224] (#cite_note-Variety_2024-224) [233] (#cite_note-233) Lopez plays a fictionalized version of herself in A Love Story , which was described as an "autobiographical musical rom-com action sci-fi"; [234] (#cite_note-234) Tim Jonze (/wiki/Tim_Jonze) of The Guardian suggested that Lopez had possibly invented the "therapy-musical biopic" genre. [235] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_2024-235) After potential partners backed out, Lopez financed the film herself for $20 million before Amazon subsequently purchased it. [224] (#cite_note-Variety_2024-224) " Can't Get Enough (/wiki/Can%27t_Get_Enough_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " was released as the album's lead single. [236] (#cite_note-236) Lopez also released a lingerie collection with Intimissimi which was inspired by the album. [237] (#cite_note-237) In May 2024, Lopez co-hosted the annual Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , marking her 14th attendance at the haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) event. [238] (#cite_note-JloMetGalaHost-238) She was set to embark on the This Is Me... Live (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Live) North American tour beginning June 2024, but cancelled it in order to spend more time with her family. [239] (#cite_note-239) Lopez starred in the sci-fi (/wiki/Sci-fi) thriller Atlas (/wiki/Atlas_(upcoming_film)) , the third project under her Netflix deal. [240] (#cite_note-240) [241] (#cite_note-241) Released in May 2024, Atlas received negative reviews from critics, [242] (#cite_note-242) but was successful on Netflix. [243] (#cite_note-243) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) praised Lopez's performance and called the film "an intriguing concept." [244] (#cite_note-244) Upcoming projects Lopez will star alongside Jharrel Jerome (/wiki/Jharrel_Jerome) in William Goldenberg (/wiki/William_Goldenberg) 's biographical wrestling drama Unstoppable (/wiki/Unstoppable_(upcoming_film)) , produced by Ben Affleck and Matt Damon (/wiki/Matt_Damon) , and based on the life of wrestler Anthony Robles (/wiki/Anthony_Robles) . [245] (#cite_note-245) Lopez starred in and executive produced (/wiki/Executive_producer) the Bill Condon (/wiki/Bill_Condon) -directed Kiss of the Spider Woman (/wiki/Kiss_of_the_Spider_Woman_(upcoming_film)) , a film adaption of the Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) 1993 musical Kiss of the Spider Woman (/wiki/Kiss_of_the_Spider_Woman_(musical)) . It is her first role in a full-fledged musical; filming began in April 2024 in New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) . [246] (#cite_note-JLoExecutiveProduceKissOfSpiderWoman-246) She has also committed to lead and co-produce Netflix's film adaptation of the bestselling novel, The Cipher . [247] (#cite_note-247) Lopez has several projects in the works as a producer. [248] (#cite_note-248) [249] (#cite_note-249) [250] (#cite_note-250) Personal life Lopez was in a nearly decade-long relationship with David Cruz, her high-school boyfriend, until the mid-1990s. [251] (#cite_note-251) They were engaged at one point, and Cruz relocated to Los Angeles to be with her when she began pursuing her career. [252] (#cite_note-252) She later said of Cruz, "You get lucky, you have a first love like that." [253] (#cite_note-BrokeAllTheRules-253) She was married to Cuban waiter Ojani Noa from February 1997 to January 1998. In subsequent court cases, Noa was prevented from publishing a book about their marriage [254] (#cite_note-254) [255] (#cite_note-255) and from using private honeymoon footage of Lopez in a documentary. [256] (#cite_note-256) [257] (#cite_note-257) Lopez was in an on again, off again relationship (/wiki/On-again,_off-again_relationship) with record producer and rapper Sean Combs (/wiki/Sean_Combs) (then known as "Puff Daddy") from 1999 to early 2001. [258] (#cite_note-258) [259] (#cite_note-259) On the night of December 27, 1999, Lopez and Combs were arrested and charged with criminal possession of a weapon and possession of stolen property, after leaving the scene of a shooting at a Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) nightclub. Charges against Lopez were dropped within an hour [260] (#cite_note-260) while Combs was acquitted of all charges at trial in March 2001. [261] (#cite_note-261) They broke up shortly thereafter. [23] (#cite_note-behind-23) Lopez later said that, while she had "cared very much" about Combs, their "crazy, tumultuous" relationship "was always something I knew would end." [262] (#cite_note-262) [23] (#cite_note-behind-23) She was married to Cris Judd (/wiki/Cris_Judd) , her former backup dancer, from September 2001 to January 2003. [263] (#cite_note-263) Before her divorce with Judd was finalized, Lopez was in a relationship with actor and filmmaker Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) from mid-2002 to early 2004. Although they had crossed paths several times before (including at the 70th Academy Awards (/wiki/70th_Academy_Awards) and at the premiere of Armageddon (/wiki/Armageddon_(1998_film)) , [264] (#cite_note-StyleRules-264) both in 1998), their first major meeting was on the set of Gigli (2003) in December 2001. [265] (#cite_note-265) [266] (#cite_note-266) They later worked together on the music video for "Jenny from the Block" and the film Jersey Girl (2004). [267] (#cite_note-267) [268] (#cite_note-268) Her album This Is Me... Then was dedicated to and inspired by Affleck. Their relationship was extensively publicized. [269] (#cite_note-269) Tabloids referred to the couple as " Bennifer (/wiki/Bennifer) ", a portmanteau Vanity Fair described as "the first of that sort of tabloid branding". [270] (#cite_note-270) They became engaged in November 2002, [271] (#cite_note-271) [272] (#cite_note-272) but their planned wedding on September 14, 2003, was postponed with four days' notice because of "excessive media attention". [273] (#cite_note-273) [274] (#cite_note-274) They ended their engagement in January 2004. [275] (#cite_note-275) Years later, Lopez said Affleck's discomfort with media scrutiny was one reason for their split [23] (#cite_note-behind-23) [276] (#cite_note-276) and described it as her "first real heartbreak": "I think different time, different thing, who knows what could've happened, but there was a genuine love there." [277] (#cite_note-277) Lopez and Anthony, 2006 After her relationship with Affleck, Lopez stopped discussing her personal life in interviews. [278] (#cite_note-278) She was married to singer Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) from June 2004 to June 2014; [279] (#cite_note-279) [280] (#cite_note-280) they had previously worked together and dated for a few months in the late 1990s. [23] (#cite_note-behind-23) [281] (#cite_note-281) Their wedding took place five months after the end of her relationship with Affleck. During their marriage, they collaborated on music and performed together, as well as co-starring in El Cantante (/wiki/El_Cantante) (2006). [282] (#cite_note-282) Lopez gave birth to fraternal twins, a boy and a girl, on Long Island (/wiki/Long_Island) in February 2008. [283] (#cite_note-Welcomes_Twins-283) [284] (#cite_note-284) People paid a reported US$6 million for the first photographs of the twins, making them the most expensive celebrity pictures ever taken (/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_celebrity_photographs) at the time. [285] (#cite_note-285) In 2009, Anthony and Lopez purchased a stake in the Miami Dolphins (/wiki/Miami_Dolphins) . [286] (#cite_note-286) They announced their separation in July 2011. Anthony filed for divorce in April 2012 [287] (#cite_note-287) and it was finalized in June 2014. Lopez retained primary physical custody of the two children. [288] (#cite_note-288) Lopez occasionally performs with her daughter, Emme. [289] (#cite_note-289) Lopez had an on again, off again relationship with her former backup dancer Casper Smart from October 2011 to August 2016. [290] (#cite_note-290) [291] (#cite_note-291) She dated New York Yankees (/wiki/New_York_Yankees) baseball player Alex Rodriguez (/wiki/Alex_Rodriguez) from February 2017 to early 2021. [292] (#cite_note-292) [293] (#cite_note-293) [112] (#cite_note-BeautyAndRedemption-112) They became engaged in March 2019 [294] (#cite_note-294) but postponed their wedding twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . In response to tabloid speculation about the state of their relationship, they released a statement in March 2021, saying they were "working through some things". [295] (#cite_note-295) They announced the end of their relationship in April 2021. [296] (#cite_note-Today1-296) In April 2021, Lopez and Affleck were reported to be dating again, [297] (#cite_note-297) with Lopez publicly confirming their rekindled relationship that July. [298] (#cite_note-298) In April 2022, Lopez announced their second engagement, 20 years after the first proposal. [299] (#cite_note-299) They were married in Las Vegas on July 16, 2022, [300] (#cite_note-300) and held a wedding celebration for family and friends the following month. [301] (#cite_note-301) Other ventures Philanthropy Lopez and then First Lady Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) posing for a selfie at the League of United Latin American Citizens (/wiki/League_of_United_Latin_American_Citizens) National Convention and Exposition in 2014 [302] (#cite_note-302) Following the September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) , Lopez was heavily involved in charitable activities (/wiki/Charitable_organization) . Joining other artists, she was featured on charitable singles such as " What's Going On (/wiki/What%27s_Going_On_(remix_album)) " and " El Ultimo Adios (The Last Goodbye) (/wiki/El_Ultimo_Adios_(The_Last_Goodbye)) ", which benefited people affected by the tragedy. [303] (#cite_note-africa1-303) [304] (#cite_note-artistlist-304) In February 2007, Lopez was honored with the Artists for Amnesty prize by Amnesty International (/wiki/Amnesty_International) for her work in Bordertown (/wiki/Bordertown_(2006_film)) , which shed light on the hundreds of feminicides in Ciudad Juárez (/wiki/Feminicides_in_Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez) . Lopez described it as "one of the world's most shocking and disturbing, underreported crimes against humanity". [305] (#cite_note-305) [306] (#cite_note-306) That year, one dollar from each ticket sold at Lopez and Anthony's co-headlining North American concert tour (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_and_Marc_Anthony_en_Concierto) , which grossed an estimated $10 million, was donated to the Run for Something Better program, which fights childhood obesity. [307] (#cite_note-ld1-307) [308] (#cite_note-308) Lopez has been a long-time supporter of the Children's Hospital Los Angeles (/wiki/Children%27s_Hospital_Los_Angeles) . Her album Rebirth (/wiki/Rebirth_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) (2005) is dedicated to Paige Peterson, [309] (#cite_note-Album_Credits-309) an eleven-year-old cancer patient she befriended at the hospital who died in 2004. Lopez stated that "[she doesn't] like to do [her] charity work in public. That's not what you do it for." [310] (#cite_note-Paige-310) In 2009, Lopez launched the Lopez Family Foundation (/wiki/Lopez_Family_Foundation) (originally known as the Maribel Foundation) alongside her sister, Lynda. The organization works to increase healthcare access for underprivileged women and children, including through a telemedicine (/wiki/Telemedicine) program in partnership with the Children's Hospital Los Angeles. The foundation has facilitated the expansion of medical facilities in Panama (/wiki/Panama) and Puerto Rico, and created the Center for a Healthy Childhood at Montefiore Medical Center (/wiki/Montefiore_Medical_Center) in the Bronx. [311] (#cite_note-311) [312] (#cite_note-312) In December 2012, Lopez held a charity drive to benefit her three favorite charities: the Gloria Wise Boys and Girls Club (/wiki/Gloria_Wise_Boys_and_Girls_Club) , the Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the American Red Cross (/wiki/American_Red_Cross) , mainly benefiting victims of Hurricane Sandy (/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy) . [313] (#cite_note-HSp-313) In May 2015, she became the first celebrity spokesperson for the Children's Miracle Network Hospitals (/wiki/Children%27s_Miracle_Network_Hospitals) and the BC Children's Hospital Foundation (/wiki/BC_Children%27s_Hospital_Foundation) (BCCHF), appearing in a campaign entitled "Put Your Money Where the Miracles Are". [314] (#cite_note-314) That September, she became the first Global Advocate for Girls and Women at the United Nations Foundation (/wiki/United_Nations_Foundation) . [315] (#cite_note-315) This role sees her mobilizing action to address issues including maternal health care programs, education and violence against women. [316] (#cite_note-316) In September 2017, following Hurricane Irma (/wiki/Hurricane_Irma) and Hurricane Maria (/wiki/Hurricane_Maria) , Lopez donated $1 million from the proceeds of her Las Vegas residency to humanitarian aid (/wiki/Humanitarian_aid) for Puerto Rico. [317] (#cite_note-317) [318] (#cite_note-318) Along with Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) , she launched a humanitarian relief campaign entitled Somos Una Voz (English: We Are One Voice), an effort supported by various celebrities to rush supplies to areas affected by Hurricane Maria. [319] (#cite_note-319) Lopez and Anthony presented a subsequent concert and telethon for disaster relief, "One Voice: Somos Live!", which raised over $35 million. [320] (#cite_note-320) She was also among various artists featured on Lin-Manuel Miranda (/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda) 's charity single " Almost Like Praying (/wiki/Almost_Like_Praying) " which benefits Puerto Rico. [321] (#cite_note-321) As of 2021, Lopez continues to regularly donate to and support charities. [322] (#cite_note-322) In September 2021, she launched her own philanthropic organization, Limitless Labs, that supports and empowers Latina entrepreneurs and business owners. Lopez announced a partnership between the venture and the 10,000 Small Businesses (/wiki/10,000_Small_Businesses) initiative. [323] (#cite_note-323) In June 2022, Lopez and Limitless Labs partnered with nonprofit Grameen America (/wiki/Grameen_America) as a national ambassador to empower women-led Latina businesses with $14 billion in business loans and "6 million hours of financial education and training by 2030." [324] (#cite_note-324) [325] (#cite_note-325) Lopez has performed at charity concerts throughout her career, including the Los Angeles Dodgers (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers) Foundation's Blue Diamond Gala in 2022, which raised $3.6 million for education, health care, homelessness and social justice causes. [326] (#cite_note-326) Political views and activism Lopez performing at the inauguration of Joe Biden (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden) in 2021 A supporter of the Democratic Party (/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) , Lopez has a long history of backing Democratic candidates for public office. [327] (#cite_note-327) She endorsed President Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) in his 2012 presidential campaign (/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign,_2012) , speaking in television advertisements and attending fundraising events for Obama. [328] (#cite_note-328) [329] (#cite_note-Bustle-329) She endorsed Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) in 2016, headlining a free concert in Florida in support of her that October. [329] (#cite_note-Bustle-329) [330] (#cite_note-330) Lopez was critical of President Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) during his presidency (/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump) . [331] (#cite_note-Halftime-331) During her Super Bowl halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIV_halftime_show) performance in 2020, she performed her song " Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud) " while cloaked in a large Puerto Rican flag (/wiki/Puerto_Rican_flag) , with children in metal cages displayed on the field. It was interpreted as a statement about the Mexico–United States border crisis (/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis) and Trump's immigration policy (/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump) . [208] (#cite_note-Inauguration-208) [332] (#cite_note-Inauguration2-332) The NFL (/wiki/NFL) attempted to remove the cages from the performance but Lopez refused. [331] (#cite_note-Halftime-331) She endorsed President Joe Biden (/wiki/Joe_Biden) in his 2020 presidential campaign (/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign) . [333] (#cite_note-333) She later performed at Biden's 2021 inauguration (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden) , where she sang " This Land Is Your Land (/wiki/This_Land_Is_Your_Land) " and " America the Beautiful (/wiki/America_the_Beautiful) ", while reciting the last phrase of the Pledge of Allegiance (/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance) in Spanish. [208] (#cite_note-Inauguration-208) She also worked "Let's Get Loud" into the performance as a "reprise" to her political message at the Super Bowl. [332] (#cite_note-Inauguration2-332) Lopez is an avid supporter of LGBT rights (/wiki/LGBT_rights) , and has raised millions of dollars for HIV/AIDS research (/wiki/HIV/AIDS_research) . [334] (#cite_note-amfAR-334) In June 2013, amfAR (/wiki/AmfAR,_The_Foundation_for_AIDS_Research) presented her with its humanitarian award for her philanthropic work. [334] (#cite_note-amfAR-334) That September, she was awarded the Ally for Equality award presented by the Human Rights Campaign (/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign) , for her support of the LGBT community. [335] (#cite_note-335) The following year, she received the GLAAD Vanguard Award (/wiki/GLAAD_Vanguard_Award) . [336] (#cite_note-336) In July 2016, Lopez released a single entitled " Love Make the World Go Round (/wiki/Love_Make_the_World_Go_Round) ", a collaboration with Lin-Manuel Miranda, which benefits victims of the Orlando nightclub shooting (/wiki/Orlando_nightclub_shooting) . [337] (#cite_note-337) She was also featured on the song " Hands (/wiki/Hands_(2016_song)) " along with numerous other artists, also benefiting those affected by the Orlando shooting. [338] (#cite_note-338) Lopez signed an open letter from Billboard magazine to the United States Congress (/wiki/United_States_Congress) in 2016, which demanded action on gun control (/wiki/Gun_control) . [339] (#cite_note-339) In June 2020, Lopez attended a Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) movement protest in Los Angeles, in connection with the broader George Floyd protests (/wiki/George_Floyd_protests) . [340] (#cite_note-340) Lopez has also been an active advocate for the Time's Up movement (/wiki/Time%27s_Up_(organization)) . [341] (#cite_note-341) In January 2022, she became one of the co-chairs for Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) 's When We All Vote. [342] (#cite_note-342) She expressed solidarity with the people of the Gaza Strip (/wiki/Gaza_Strip) during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war (/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war) . As part of a group called Artists4Ceasefire (/wiki/Artists4Ceasefire) , she signed a letter urging President Joe Biden to call for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza. [343] (#cite_note-343) Artistry Influences Lopez has cited Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) as her "first big musical influence", explaining "It was all about Madonna for me. She inspired me to want to sing, to dance, to work hard." [344] (#cite_note-344) [345] (#cite_note-345) Her other major influences include Tina Turner (/wiki/Tina_Turner) , James Brown (/wiki/James_Brown) , and Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) . [346] (#cite_note-10_Questions_for_Lopez-346) Another major influence on Lopez is Barbra Streisand (/wiki/Barbra_Streisand) , stating that, "watching her career over the years, watching her sing and act and direct, was very inspiring to me." [200] (#cite_note-GiftedActress-200) Lopez has cited Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) as a major inspiration for her own dance and videos, stating that she "probably started dancing" because of Jackson's music video for " The Pleasure Principle (/wiki/The_Pleasure_Principle_(song)#Music_video) ". [347] (#cite_note-timesofindia-347) [348] (#cite_note-348) She also looked to the careers of Cher (/wiki/Cher) , Bette Middler (/wiki/Bette_Middler) and Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) , [70] (#cite_note-Parish2-70) and has been inspired by younger artists such as Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) . [349] (#cite_note-349) Growing up, she was influenced by Latin music styles ranging from salsa (/wiki/Salsa_(music)) to bachata (/wiki/Bachata_(music)) , and artists including Celia Cruz (/wiki/Celia_Cruz) and Tito Puente (/wiki/Tito_Puente) . However, it was the hip hop song " Rapper's Delight (/wiki/Rapper%27s_Delight) " (1979) by The Sugarhill Gang (/wiki/The_Sugarhill_Gang) that she said changed her life. [350] (#cite_note-350) Another key inspiration for Lopez in her youth was Puerto Rican actress Rita Moreno (/wiki/Rita_Moreno) 's performance in the musical film West Side Story (/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)) (1961). Moreno was the only performer Lopez was able to identify with, at a time when Latinos were rarely on television. [351] (#cite_note-351) Musical style "Waiting for Tonight" (/wiki/File:Waiting_for_Tonight.ogg) Duration: 26 seconds. 0:26 A sample of " Waiting for Tonight (/wiki/Waiting_for_Tonight) ", a Euro (/wiki/Europop) -centric dance-pop (/wiki/Dance-pop) song with distinctly Latin (/wiki/Latin_American_music) influences, which Lopez is known for incorporating in her music. It was credited with establishing her as a leading artist in the dance-pop genre. [117] (#cite_note-Variety-117) [352] (#cite_note-Malone-352) [353] (#cite_note-Lockett-353) Problems playing this file? See media help (/wiki/Help:Media) . Musically, Lopez is described as a "chameleon" by outlets like Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) and Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) , having been known to experiment and jump between genres. [117] (#cite_note-Variety-117) [352] (#cite_note-Malone-352) [184] (#cite_note-Benjamin-184) [354] (#cite_note-Statesman-354) Her music strongly identifies with hip hop while exploring the "romantic innocence" of Latin music. [355] (#cite_note-355) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) observed that she has "never been one to downplay her Latinidad, and always makes sure to display it" in her music, "regardless of genre". [352] (#cite_note-Malone-352) On the 6 and J.Lo , described by Lopez as Latin soul (/wiki/Latin_soul) , fuse a wide range of Latin genres with R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) and hip hop, while also containing dance-pop (/wiki/Dance-pop) . [352] (#cite_note-Malone-352) [89] (#cite_note-Woog_55-89) [30] (#cite_note-LA_Times_99-30) While mostly English, the albums include some Spanish and bilingual songs such as " Cariño (/wiki/Cari%C3%B1o_(song)) ", [356] (#cite_note-356) with Lopez also speaking in Spanish and asserting her Latin identity on songs like " Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud) ". [357] (#cite_note-357) [358] (#cite_note-358) A departure from her previous work, This Is Me... Then blends 1970s soul (/wiki/Soul_music) with "streetwise" hip hop. [93] (#cite_note-Paoletta-93) Rebirth was noted for its "relaxing" atmosphere, while Como Ama una Mujer was characterized as "silkily Spanish Sade (/wiki/Sade_(singer)) worship". [117] (#cite_note-Variety-117) Described as autobiographical, [359] (#cite_note-359) much of Lopez's music has centered around the "ups and downs" of love. [360] (#cite_note-LoveMTV-360) Lyrically, This Is Me... Then is largely focused on her relationship with Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) , with the song "Dear Ben" being described as the album's "glowing centerpiece". [361] (#cite_note-361) Its sequel album, This Is Me... Now , was informed by her reunion and marriage with Affleck; Lopez called it an "emotional, spiritual, and psychological journey of the past two decades". [362] (#cite_note-ThisIsMeNow_Variety-362) Como Ama una Mujer features introspective lyrics about romance, heartache and self-loathing. [127] (#cite_note-CAUM-127) Regarding Love? , Lopez stated: "There's still so much to learn and that's why the question mark." [360] (#cite_note-LoveMTV-360) Other recurrent themes in Lopez's music have included her upbringing in the Bronx, [30] (#cite_note-LA_Times_99-30) [363] (#cite_note-363) social class (/wiki/Social_class) [354] (#cite_note-Statesman-354) and women's empowerment (/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment) . [364] (#cite_note-364) Lopez has received mixed reviews for her "light" soubrette (/wiki/Soubrette) voice, [365] (#cite_note-Philly-365) which critics have deemed limited, "radio-friendly" and overshadowed by her music's production. [366] (#cite_note-vocall-366) [367] (#cite_note-367) With On the 6 , The Baltimore Sun (/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun) regarded Lopez as having a "breathy" stylistic range but lacking personality, [368] (#cite_note-368) while Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) remarked: "Instead of strained vocal pyrotechnics, Lopez sticks to the understated R&B murmur of a round-the-way superstar who doesn't need to belt because she knows you're already paying attention ... She makes a little va-va and a whole lot of voom go a long way." [369] (#cite_note-Rolling-369) In reviewing Love? , AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic) called her voice "slight" and wrote: "Lopez was never, ever about singing; she was about style". [370] (#cite_note-Erlewine-370) Pitchfork (/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)) described her "notoriously serviceable, airy and light" voice as being "stronger than ever" on This Is Me... Now , while noting that "the thinness of the voice has often been beside the point, if not a boon to her early career", which was marked by "Bronx regularness". [125] (#cite_note-Pitchfork-125) Lopez has been criticized for her use of background vocals from demo (/wiki/Demo_(music)) singers, prompting rumors of ghost singers (/wiki/Playback_singer) ' vocals being used in place of her own. [371] (#cite_note-371) [372] (#cite_note-372) The rumors have been debunked by producers and background singers who worked with Lopez. [373] (#cite_note-373) [374] (#cite_note-Milian-374) Christina Milian (/wiki/Christina_Milian) , who is credited as a writer and background singer on " Play (/wiki/Play_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) ", called the controversy "funny" and said: "It's no different than Michael Jackson having background singers on songs or Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) . This is what music is made of." [374] (#cite_note-Milian-374) Dance, videos and stage Lopez performing during the 2014 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony (/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony) in Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) Considered one of dance's "greatest success stories", [179] (#cite_note-Variety_July_2016-179) Lopez has received praise for her highly choreographed dancing, [365] (#cite_note-Philly-365) [375] (#cite_note-375) [376] (#cite_note-376) and is noted for her technical skill. [377] (#cite_note-377) Lopez, who felt an emotional connection to dance since her youth, [378] (#cite_note-Dance_buzz-378) has been trained in a range of dance styles, including ballet, jazz, flamenco, ballroom, [379] (#cite_note-Shall_We_Dance?_-_Interview-379) pole dancing, [380] (#cite_note-Elena-380) breakdancing, street dance, and hip hop. [381] (#cite_note-381) A dominant figure on MTV (/wiki/MTV) since early in her career, she is known for her body-emphasizing music videos and provocative choreography. [382] (#cite_note-Asia_Pacific-382) [383] (#cite_note-383) CNN (/wiki/CNN) 's Holly Thomas stated that "Lopez's years of professional dance experience gave her a captivating, commanding presence in her videos." [384] (#cite_note-384) Madeline Roth of MTV wrote: "Her diverse videography encompasses some of the most memorable visuals of the 21st century", [385] (#cite_note-385) with Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) writer Brittany Spanos observing that her "dancing skills and ability to toy with her own celebrity have made her videos an important part of the new millennium's pop canon". [386] (#cite_note-386) Her videography has sometimes attracted controversy for its sexual suggestiveness, [387] (#cite_note-IBT-387) [388] (#cite_note-388) and has been noted for its influence on 2000s fashion (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion) trends. [389] (#cite_note-Fader-389) On stage, Lopez is recognized for her showmanship, sex appeal, and costumes, which often include bodysuits (/wiki/Bodysuit) . [390] (#cite_note-LA_Times_Vegas-390) [391] (#cite_note-391) Author Priscilla Peña Ovalle stated in Dance and the Hollywood Latina: Race, Sex and Stardom (2011) that Lopez was one of the Latin stars who "used dance to gain agency as working performers with mainstream careers, yet many of their roles paradoxically racialized and sexualized their bodies". [392] (#cite_note-392) Troy Patterson of Entertainment Weekly also observed that she used her body for emphasis on stage, "She turned herself out as the fly girl hyperversion of postfeminist power, flaunting her control by toying with the threat of excess. In consequence, her star went supernova." [393] (#cite_note-393) Her signature movements include "clock-wise pivoting with salsa hip circles and sequential torso undulations". [394] (#cite_note-394) While being noted to lip sync in the early stages of career, [395] (#cite_note-395) [396] (#cite_note-396) Lopez's Dance Again World Tour was praised for showcasing live vocals and choreography synchronously. [365] (#cite_note-Philly-365) [397] (#cite_note-397) [398] (#cite_note-filipino-398) In a review of her Las Vegas residency All I Have, Los Angeles Times writer Nolan Feeney remarked that her dancing is "undoubtedly the centerpiece of the show". [390] (#cite_note-LA_Times_Vegas-390) Her provocative stage performances have also drawn scrutiny at times. Robin Givhan (/wiki/Robin_Givhan) of The Daily Beast (/wiki/The_Daily_Beast) criticized Lopez's performance at the 2011 American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_2011) where she wore a nude bodysuit, stating that it "cried out for attention in all the wrong ways" and was "banal exhibitionism (/wiki/Exhibitionism) ". [399] (#cite_note-399) In May 2013, her performance on the finale of the television series Britain's Got Talent (/wiki/Britain%27s_Got_Talent) was deemed inappropriate for family-friendly television, and drew viewer complaints to Ofcom (/wiki/Ofcom) . [400] (#cite_note-400) Following her controversial performance at the musical festival Mawazine (/wiki/Mawazine) in 2015, Moroccan Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane (/wiki/Abdelilah_Benkirane) called it "indecent" and "disgraceful", while an education group claimed that she "disturbed public order and tarnished women's honor and respect". [401] (#cite_note-401) Acting and screen Lopez's films often see her playing "relatable everywomen", [402] (#cite_note-402) with Cady Lang of Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) writing: "A longtime hallmark of Lopez's filmography is her penchant for stories about survivors. Her characters are never shrinking violets." [403] (#cite_note-403) Discussing the roles she is drawn to, Lopez said in 1998: "I don't think of them as strong women ... I like characters that are really part of the story as opposed to window dressing, but I think the interesting thing is that they are real people. Nobody walks around being strong all the time." [404] (#cite_note-404) Film critic Stephanie Zacharek (/wiki/Stephanie_Zacharek) described Lopez as "one of the most gifted and appealing performers of the past two decades ... and yet the movies have rarely known what to do with her and her significant gifts as an actor." [405] (#cite_note-Patron_Saint-405) While Lopez received acclaim for her early film work, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) writer Kyle Buchanan noted that her tendency to star in romantic comedies, and her pop music career, "lowered her critical bona fides". [59] (#cite_note-Kyle-59) Taylor Hackford (/wiki/Taylor_Hackford) , who directed Lopez in Parker , said she "can really act": "She knows how to transmit nuances, to make the subtlest of shifts. Does she have humor? Yes. But at the same time she can get into the deepest dramatic areas." [115] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-115) Lopez, who identifies the romantic comedy as her favorite film genre, [406] (#cite_note-406) has been referred to as the "Patron Saint of Romantic Comedies" [405] (#cite_note-Patron_Saint-405) and the "Queen of Romantic Comedies". [407] (#cite_note-407) [408] (#cite_note-408) In her early films, Lopez played stereotypical roles which signified her as a "racialized, exoticized" other (/wiki/Other_(philosophy)) . In films such as Blood and Wine and U Turn , her body is fetishized "through extreme close-ups" and "framed as animalistic, primitive, and irresistibly dangerous to the Anglo American male characters." [409] (#cite_note-Latina_Iconicity-409) This shifted with her role in Selena , which "affirmed her Latinx identity, and won her the loyalty of that significant section of the US and global audience." [205] (#cite_note-BBC-205) She has also been criticized for playing ethnically ambiguous parts and tapping into "the ability to perform a panethnic (/wiki/Panethnic) other" to commodify herself. [409] (#cite_note-Latina_Iconicity-409) Her role as an Italian woman in The Wedding Planner has been described as "a case of classic Hollywood whitewashing." [80] (#cite_note-Vice-80) Public image Lopez has been a polarizing figure in popular culture. [410] (#cite_note-Idol1-410) [411] (#cite_note-TWP-411) Andrew Barker of Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) writes that she "exhibits a plethora of contradictions", observing: "Despite a carefully cultivated image as an imperious pop empress in ludicrously expensive outfits, her signature hits bear the titles 'I'm Real' and 'Jenny From the Block'." [117] (#cite_note-Variety-117) In 2002, Lynette Holloway of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) described Lopez's image as including "a dash of ghetto fabulousness " and "middle-class respectability" for mass appeal. [95] (#cite_note-Lynette-95) The media discerned a shift in her public image upon joining American Idol in 2011, [410] (#cite_note-Idol1-410) [412] (#cite_note-J.Lo_2.0-412) with Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) writing: "Gone was her old cut-a-bitch swagger; J. Lo 2.0 is an all-embracing, Oprahfied (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) earth madre (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/madre) ." [413] (#cite_note-413) People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) editor Peter Castro (/wiki/Peter_Castro) said American Idol made Lopez "a celebrity of the people" whereas before, "there was a huge distance with the American public." [412] (#cite_note-J.Lo_2.0-412) Lopez performing during her Dance Again World Tour (/wiki/Dance_Again_World_Tour) in 2012 Lopez is widely celebrated for her curvaceous hourglass figure (/wiki/Hourglass_figure) , [414] (#cite_note-414) [415] (#cite_note-415) which earned her the nickname La Guitarra (the guitar). [82] (#cite_note-Divas-82) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) described her buttocks as "in and of themselves, a cultural icon". [416] (#cite_note-416) Recounting her experience on early films, Lopez stated: "I've always had costume people looking at me a little weary and immediately fitting me out with things to hide my bottom." [417] (#cite_note-417) She often wears revealing outfits to accentuate her curves. [418] (#cite_note-418) Author Mary Beltrán opined that for Lopez to "unashamedly display her well-endowed posterior during this time period" could be viewed as "a revolutionary act with respect to Anglo beauty ideals". [419] (#cite_note-Beltran-419) However, she was also criticized for perceived changes in her image upon launching her music career, [419] (#cite_note-Beltran-419) which included "weight loss and lightening her hair". [420] (#cite_note-Baez-420) Considered a fashion icon, Lopez is known for her sense of style and "breaking fashion rules". [421] (#cite_note-CFDA-421) [82] (#cite_note-Divas-82) [422] (#cite_note-422) She is recognized for both her "bold" red carpet fashion, [423] (#cite_note-Brookins-423) including 14 appearances at the haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) in New York City, and her everyday street style, which is "discussed ad infinitum by the fashion press." [424] (#cite_note-Athleisure-424) [425] (#cite_note-Vogue_CFDA-425) British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) said she "added megawatt glamour to every outfit she wore", [264] (#cite_note-StyleRules-264) with Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) describing her style as "scantily clad". [426] (#cite_note-Scla-426) Lopez's style has been influenced by "women who epitomize old Hollywood glamour like Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) ", as well as her Bronx upbringing and Nuyorican (/wiki/Nuyorican) identity. [427] (#cite_note-Chambers-427) Described as the "ultimate sex symbol (/wiki/Sex_symbol) " of the early 21st century, [428] (#cite_note-Greatest_Pop_Star-428) various publications have ranked her as the most beautiful or sexiest woman in the world, including People , [135] (#cite_note-Forbes2-135) People en Español (/wiki/People_en_Espa%C3%B1ol) , [429] (#cite_note-429) Vibe (/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)) , [430] (#cite_note-430) Details (/wiki/Details_(magazine)) , [431] (#cite_note-431) and FHM (/wiki/FHM) , with Lopez topping the latter's 100 Sexiest Women (/wiki/FHM%27s_100_Sexiest_Women_(UK)) list twice. [432] (#cite_note-432) Lopez has criticized "this funny notion in America that you can't be a mom and be sexy", stating: "The truth is that women can be sexy until the day they die." [161] (#cite_note-HuffPost_Latino-161) Described as "one of the most photographed women in the world", [433] (#cite_note-433) Lopez has been a tabloid (/wiki/Tabloid_journalism) fixture, and admits to having a "less-than-perfect" public image. [434] (#cite_note-434) [435] (#cite_note-435) Frances Negrón-Muntaner (/wiki/Frances_Negr%C3%B3n-Muntaner) wrote that by 1999, "Internet chat rooms exploded with anti-Lopez babble" and she became "one of the easiest moving targets for cheap laughs as well as anxieties about working-class 'loud' sexuality and specifically Latino visibility." [436] (#cite_note-436) Much of the media coverage surrounding Lopez in the 2000s "focused on her dramatic private life", [70] (#cite_note-Parish2-70) with several writers describing her as overexposed at the time, despite her continued success. [95] (#cite_note-Lynette-95) [437] (#cite_note-437) Media outlets often compare her to actress Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , due to her numerous failed relationships and glamorous public persona. [438] (#cite_note-438) [439] (#cite_note-W2013-439) [440] (#cite_note-440) Her high-profile relationship with Combs was described as having "defined an age", [103] (#cite_note-Observer-103) with Vanity Fair writing that they entered "the pantheon of slightly notorious celebrity couples: Liz (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) and Dick (/wiki/Richard_Burton) , Frank and Ava." [441] (#cite_note-Zeman-441) Throughout her career, she has also received a bad reputation as being a demanding and outspoken "diva", [442] (#cite_note-442) [419] (#cite_note-Beltran-419) something which she denies, stating: "I've always been fascinated by how much more well-behaved we have to be than men." [443] (#cite_note-443) Some of the backlash and fabricated tabloid stories surrounding Lopez have been attributed to her 1998 interview with Movieline (/wiki/Movieline) , in which she was quoted as criticizing various actors and directors. Lopez, who "cried for hours" after the article was published, said the comments were made in jest and she was "so misquoted and so taken out of context". [441] (#cite_note-Zeman-441) In 2003, Lawrence Donegan (/wiki/Lawrence_Donegan) of The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) posited that "indefensible" misogyny and racism were to blame for her position as "the most vilified woman in modern popular culture". [103] (#cite_note-Observer-103) In 2021, Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) said: "People were so fucking mean about her; sexist, racist, ugly vicious shit was written about her in ways that if you wrote it now, you would literally be fired for saying some of the things you said." [444] (#cite_note-444) Legacy and cultural impact Main article: Cultural impact of Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Jennifer_Lopez) Entertainment industry Lopez waving the Puerto Rican flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico) in 2009 at the Puerto Rican Day Parade (/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Day_Parade) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) Lopez is regarded as one of the most influential Latin entertainers of all time, credited with breaking racial barriers in the entertainment industry. [445] (#cite_note-Run_the_World-445) [446] (#cite_note-leading1-446) [447] (#cite_note-Gonzalez-447) [448] (#cite_note-448) [449] (#cite_note-Parish_5-449) She was described as "the first Latina superstar" by writer Ned Zeman (/wiki/Ned_Zeman) , [441] (#cite_note-Zeman-441) and the "embodiment of the American Dream (/wiki/American_Dream) " by Robert C. Cottrell in Icons of American Popular Culture (2009). [450] (#cite_note-450) Often dubbed the " Queen of Dance (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) ", [451] (#cite_note-451) she is considered a triple threat (/wiki/Triple_threat_(entertainer)) performer, [205] (#cite_note-BBC-205) [452] (#cite_note-452) [453] (#cite_note-453) and was one of few actors to successfully cross over into music. [454] (#cite_note-454) Rachel Sklar (/wiki/Rachel_Sklar) of The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) called Lopez a trailblazer, writing: " Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Miley (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) , Gaga, any actress who's ever released an album — they are all standing on the shoulders of J.Lo. She was a true triple threat — actress, singer, dancer ... and packaged it sometimes outrageously but always sexily." [455] (#cite_note-Sklar-455) Lopez is considered a pop icon (/wiki/Pop_icon) , [456] (#cite_note-Cottrell1-456) [457] (#cite_note-457) with VH1 (/wiki/VH1) ranking her at number 15 on their list of 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons (/wiki/The_Greatest_(TV_series)) , [458] (#cite_note-458) number 16 on 100 Greatest Women In Music, [459] (#cite_note-459) and number 21 on 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era. [460] (#cite_note-460) The highest-paid Latina actress in history, [461] (#cite_note-461) [462] (#cite_note-462) Lopez's film career has been credited with paving the way for greater representation of Latino Americans (/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans) in Hollywood, [463] (#cite_note-463) which was historically a "whites-only preserve". [464] (#cite_note-therecord-464) Biographer Kathleen Tracy opined that "Lopez blazed a trail no openly Latin actress had gone before", noting that previous Latina stars cosmetically downplayed their ethnicity and changed their names. [465] (#cite_note-465) With Out of Sight (1998), she achieved "ethnic 'blind' casting", [466] (#cite_note-466) making her an "anomaly in the traditionally white space" of mainstream Hollywood. [419] (#cite_note-Beltran-419) By deliberately avoiding stereotypical roles, biographer James Robert Parish (/wiki/James_Robert_Parish) said Lopez "helped minimize racial boundaries in show business." [449] (#cite_note-Parish_5-449) Her perceived Academy Award snub for Hustlers (2019) was referenced by Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti (/wiki/Eric_Garcetti) when announcing a new initiative for Latino representation in Hollywood. [467] (#cite_note-467) With her musical debut, Lopez contributed to the 1990s " Latin explosion (/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States#1990s_Latin_explosion) " in entertainment; [445] (#cite_note-Run_the_World-445) [468] (#cite_note-468) The Recording Academy (/wiki/The_Recording_Academy) called her the "breakout female star" of the Latin pop movement in American music. [469] (#cite_note-Recording_Academy_2017-469) Historian Roger Bruns (/wiki/Roger_Bruns) considered her "an influential force in driving a growing Latin cultural influence in popular music" at the time. [66] (#cite_note-Bruns_299-66) Her career ascent has been credited with paving the way for American-born Latina pop artists including Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) and Becky G (/wiki/Becky_G) , [470] (#cite_note-470) and for Latin American pop artists to venture into English music, including Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) , Thalía (/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa) and Paulina Rubio (/wiki/Paulina_Rubio) . [471] (#cite_note-Aida-471) Along with Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) , she helped increase the visibility of Latin music in international markets including East Asia and Canada. [382] (#cite_note-Asia_Pacific-382) [472] (#cite_note-472) Due to her "multi-tasking career", she has been described as "the next-generation Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) ", [473] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_2002-473) and "the first woman to demonstrate that a Madonna could be a Latina". [354] (#cite_note-Statesman-354) Lopez's music has been credited with helping influence the trajectory of 2000s (/wiki/2000s_in_music) music, [71] (#cite_note-Shemesh-71) including dance music, [117] (#cite_note-Variety-117) [353] (#cite_note-Lockett-353) Latin music, [474] (#cite_note-474) R&B, [475] (#cite_note-475) and pop rap (/wiki/Pop_rap) collaborations. [84] (#cite_note-I'm_Real_ET-84) [71] (#cite_note-Shemesh-71) Billboard named her the "Greatest Pop Star" of the year 2001. [428] (#cite_note-Greatest_Pop_Star-428) Scholar Miriam Jiménez Román (/wiki/Miriam_Jim%C3%A9nez_Rom%C3%A1n) suggested that Lopez, who represents the "often-suppressed" history of Puerto Ricans in hip hop culture, was "able to traverse the difficult racial boundaries". [476] (#cite_note-476) In 2011, following her return to prominence, Lopez was deemed the "world's greatest musical comeback act", based on a study which analysed over one billion Google (/wiki/Google) searches since 2004. [477] (#cite_note-477) In July 2023, Madame Tussauds New York (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_New_York) unveiled a wax figure of Lopez inspired by her performance at the Super Bowl LIV halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIV) . The figure celebrates her lasting legacy as a multifaceted entertainer. [478] (#cite_note-478) [479] (#cite_note-479) Cultural influence Lopez was named one of Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) ' s 100 most influential people in the world (/wiki/Time_100) in 2018. [480] (#cite_note-Time_100-480) In 2012, Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) ranked her as the world's most powerful celebrity (/wiki/Celebrity_100) and the 38th most powerful woman (/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_World%27s_100_Most_Powerful_Women) . [135] (#cite_note-Forbes2-135) [481] (#cite_note-481) Latina (/wiki/Latina_(magazine)) magazine founder Christy Haubegger (/wiki/Christy_Haubegger) attributed Lopez's influence to her being "the first icon that generationally fits" young Latino Americans who followed celebrity culture (/wiki/Celebrity_culture) . [411] (#cite_note-TWP-411) Lopez was featured on the first cover of Latina in 1996, with editor Galina Espinoza writing in 2011 that there is "no recounting of modern Latina history without Jennifer". [482] (#cite_note-482) Lopez at the Toronto Film Festival (/wiki/Toronto_Film_Festival) in 2019 Jonathan Van Meter of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) described Lopez as having "changed the face of modern celebrity." [115] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-115) Her ability to start trends has prompted the usage of the phrase "the J.Lo effect" in popular culture, which has been used in various different contexts, [483] (#cite_note-Allure-483) [484] (#cite_note-484) [485] (#cite_note-Bahr-485) including the trend of networks hiring "big name" judges for reality competition programs after Lopez's successful casting on American Idol . [486] (#cite_note-486) With her moniker J.Lo, Lopez started a trend of celebrities being given abbreviated nicknames, while " Bennifer (/wiki/Bennifer) " began the convention of celebrity couple name blending (/wiki/Name_blending) . [354] (#cite_note-Statesman-354) [487] (#cite_note-487) Described by scholar Helene A. Shugart of the University of Utah (/wiki/University_of_Utah) as "arguably the most visible Latina in contemporary mainstream popular culture", Lopez has been the subject of considerable academic analysis (/wiki/Academic_writing) , including in relation to ethnicity, class, "body politics", [488] (#cite_note-488) race, Latin culture, and gender. [489] (#cite_note-489) [420] (#cite_note-Baez-420) While credited with opening "the door to [Latino culture having a] broader appeal", [205] (#cite_note-BBC-205) Lopez has also been a polarizing figure, generating "often vehement disagreement about what is and isn't Latino." [411] (#cite_note-TWP-411) As a result of the public emphasis on (#Public_image) her curvaceous figure, Lopez has been credited with influencing a shift in cultural beauty standards (/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal) . [354] (#cite_note-Statesman-354) [490] (#cite_note-490) [491] (#cite_note-491) [492] (#cite_note-492) The surge in popularity of buttock augmentation (/wiki/Buttock_augmentation) surgery in the early 2000s was attributed to Lopez. [493] (#cite_note-493) [494] (#cite_note-494) In Latin Sensations (2001), Herón Marquez wrote: "Because she wasn't rail thin, Lopez had broken the mold ... Suddenly, it was okay for women to have hips, curves, and a big backside." [495] (#cite_note-495) This has been considered a sign of Lopez's social power in "changing cultural standards within the mainstream media as a whole". [496] (#cite_note-496) In 2014, scientists named a species of aquatic mite (/wiki/Mite) found in Puerto Rico, Litarachna lopezae (/wiki/Litarachna_lopezae) , after Lopez. [497] (#cite_note-497) In Tok Pisin (/wiki/Tok_Pisin) , a language spoken in Papua New Guinea (/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea) , the term palopa (/wiki/Palopa) is used to describe non-heteronormative people whose identities may correlate with western definitions of homosexual men or trans women; its etymology is derived from the name Jennifer Lopez. [498] (#cite_note-:12-498) [499] (#cite_note-499) In 2019, she was presented with keys to the city of Miami Beach (/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida) , with July 24 being declared "Jennifer Lopez Day". [500] (#cite_note-500) Fashion and branding Lopez wearing an updated version of her iconic green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) in 2019 The Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) presented Lopez with its Fashion Icon Award in 2019 for her "long-standing and global impact on fashion". [421] (#cite_note-CFDA-421) Her green Versace "Jungle Dress" (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) was voted the fifth most iconic red carpet dress of all time in a poll run by The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . [501] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-501) The dress had a significant impact on the fashion industry, celebrity endorsements, and the evolution of red carpet fashion (/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion) . [502] (#cite_note-502) [423] (#cite_note-Brookins-423) [503] (#cite_note-503) [504] (#cite_note-Riley_241-504) The images of Lopez wearing the dress became the most popular search query of all time at that point, and subsequently led to the creation of Google (/wiki/Google_Search) 's image search (/wiki/Image_retrieval) . [505] (#cite_note-505) Lopez has been credited with popularizing various fashion and beauty trends throughout her career. [506] (#cite_note-506) [507] (#cite_note-CNN_Juicy-507) [125] (#cite_note-Pitchfork-125) [508] (#cite_note-Hats-508) [509] (#cite_note-509) In 2003, she inspired a trend of curvier mannequins (/wiki/Mannequin) being designed, which fuelled a rise in sales for manufacturers and retailers. [510] (#cite_note-510) [511] (#cite_note-511) [512] (#cite_note-512) Lopez's personal style and brand deals have had a considerable effect on sales in the fashion industry. [473] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_2002-473) [508] (#cite_note-Hats-508) [513] (#cite_note-513) The success of Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) 's fall 2003 campaign, for which Lopez was the brand's model, led to more Hollywood stars "becoming image models of fashion and cosmetic labels". [514] (#cite_note-514) In 2021, The Daily Telegraph reported that she was among ten celebrities whose personal style choices drove the greatest spikes in searches and news coverage for brands. [515] (#cite_note-Abraham-515) Her appearance at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) in 2019 generated over $31.8 million in total media impact value. [516] (#cite_note-516) [517] (#cite_note-517) Described as a "branding pioneer", Lopez has been credited with ushering in a new era of celebrity branding (/wiki/Celebrity_branding) . [504] (#cite_note-Riley_241-504) [518] (#cite_note-Adweek-518) [115] (#cite_note-Van_Meter-115) Her first fragrance, Glow by JLo (/wiki/Glow_by_JLo) , influenced the rise of celebrity fragrances in the 2000s. [519] (#cite_note-WWD-519) [520] (#cite_note-520) [504] (#cite_note-Riley_241-504) [521] (#cite_note-521) Her fragrance line became the most successful celebrity line in the world, with sales exceeding $2 billion as of 2012 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Lopez&action=edit) . [522] (#cite_note-522) Lopez's clothing brand (/wiki/J.Lo_by_Jennifer_Lopez) was one of the first celebrity fashion lines; [523] (#cite_note-523) scholars have credited her with redefining "how fashion is produced and entwined with other artistic endeavors", [471] (#cite_note-Aida-471) and popularizing a trend of utilizing racial ambiguity for branding purposes in fashion and cosmetics. [524] (#cite_note-524) Achievements See also: List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jennifer_Lopez) As of 2018 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Lopez&action=edit) , Lopez has sold more than 80 million records worldwide [525] (#cite_note-525) and her films have grossed a cumulative total of US$3.1 billion . [526] (#cite_note-526) She remains the only female entertainer to have a number one album and film simultaneously in the United States. [527] (#cite_note-527) With J.Lo (2001), Lopez became the first female solo recording artist under Epic Records (/wiki/Epic_Records) to achieve a number one album in the United States since its inception in 1953. [528] (#cite_note-528) J to tha L-O! The Remixes (2002) was acknowledged by the Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) as the first number one remix album (/wiki/Remix_album) on the US Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) . [529] (#cite_note-529) Lopez's single "On the Floor" is among the best-selling singles of all time (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles) , and its music video was recognized as the "Highest Viewed Female Music Video of All Time" by Guinness World Records in 2012. [530] (#cite_note-530) Lopez was named the top Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) female artist of 2001. [531] (#cite_note-531) Billboard ranked her as the ninth greatest dance club artist of all time in 2016, having scored 18 number-one songs on its Dance Club Songs (/wiki/Dance_Club_Songs) chart. [532] (#cite_note-532) [5] (#cite_note-Recording-Academy-5) She was named the top Latin touring artist of the decade by Pollstar (/wiki/Pollstar) in 2021. [533] (#cite_note-533) In 2010, Lopez was honored by the World Music Awards (/wiki/World_Music_Awards) with the Legend Award for her contribution to the arts. [534] (#cite_note-534) In 2013, she was presented with the prestigious landmark 2,500th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) for her musical contributions, [535] (#cite_note-535) and Univision (/wiki/Univision) presented her with the World Icon Award in its Premios Juventud (/wiki/2013_Premios_Juventud) . [536] (#cite_note-536) In 2014, she became the first female recipient of the Billboard Icon Award (/wiki/Billboard_Icon_Award) . [537] (#cite_note-537) In 2017, she was awarded the Telemundo (/wiki/Telemundo) Star Award at the Billboard Latin Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Latin_Music_Awards) . [538] (#cite_note-538) In 2018, Lopez received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2018_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , making her the first Latin performer to receive the honor since its introduction in 1984. [539] (#cite_note-539) In 2022, she received the Generation Award (/wiki/MTV_Movie_%26_TV_Awards#Generation_Award) at the MTV Movie & TV Awards (/wiki/MTV_Movie_%26_TV_Awards) for her contributions to film and television, [540] (#cite_note-540) and the Icon Award (/wiki/IHeartRadio_Music_Awards#iHeartRadio_Icon_Award) at the iHeart Radio Music Awards (/wiki/2022_iHeartRadio_Music_Awards) . [541] (#cite_note-541) Discography Main articles: Jennifer Lopez discography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_discography) and List of songs recorded by Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Jennifer_Lopez) On the 6 (/wiki/On_the_6) (1999) J.Lo (/wiki/J.Lo_(album)) (2001) This Is Me... Then (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Then) (2002) Rebirth (/wiki/Rebirth_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) (2005) Como Ama una Mujer (/wiki/Como_Ama_una_Mujer) (2007) Brave (/wiki/Brave_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) (2007) Love? (/wiki/Love%3F) (2011) A.K.A. (/wiki/A.K.A._(album)) (2014) This Is Me... Now (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Now) (2024) Filmography Main articles: Jennifer Lopez filmography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_filmography) and Jennifer Lopez videography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_videography) Films starred Nurses on the Line: The Crash of Flight 7 (/wiki/Nurses_on_the_Line:_The_Crash_of_Flight_7) (1993) My Family (/wiki/My_Family_(1995_film)) (1995) Money Train (/wiki/Money_Train) (1995) Jack (/wiki/Jack_(1996_film)) (1996) Blood and Wine (/wiki/Blood_and_Wine) (1996) Selena (/wiki/Selena_(film)) (1997) Anaconda (/wiki/Anaconda_(1997_film)) (1997) U Turn (/wiki/U_Turn_(1997_film)) (1997) Out of Sight (/wiki/Out_of_Sight) (1998) Antz (/wiki/Antz) (1998) The Cell (/wiki/The_Cell_(film)) (2000) The Wedding Planner (/wiki/The_Wedding_Planner) (2001) Angel Eyes (/wiki/Angel_Eyes_(film)) (2001) Enough (/wiki/Enough_(film)) (2002) Maid in Manhattan (/wiki/Maid_in_Manhattan) (2002) Gigli (/wiki/Gigli) (2003) Shall We Dance? (/wiki/Shall_We_Dance%3F_(2004_film)) (2004) Monster-in-Law (/wiki/Monster-in-Law) (2005) An Unfinished Life (/wiki/An_Unfinished_Life) (2005) El Cantante (/wiki/El_Cantante) (2006) Bordertown (/wiki/Bordertown_(2007_film)) (2007) The Back-up Plan (/wiki/The_Back-up_Plan) (2010) What to Expect When You're Expecting (/wiki/What_to_Expect_When_You%27re_Expecting_(film)) (2012) Ice Age: Continental Drift (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Continental_Drift) (2012) (voicing) Parker (/wiki/Parker_(2013_film)) (2013) The Boy Next Door (/wiki/The_Boy_Next_Door_(film)) (2015) Lila & Eve (/wiki/Lila_%26_Eve) (2015) Home (/wiki/Home_(2015_film)) (2015) Ice Age: Collision Course (/wiki/Ice_Age:_Collision_Course) (2016) (voicing) Second Act (/wiki/Second_Act_(film)) (2018) Hustlers (/wiki/Hustlers_(film)) (2019) Marry Me (/wiki/Marry_Me_(2022_film)) (2022) Shotgun Wedding (/wiki/Shotgun_Wedding_(2022_film)) (2022) The Mother (/wiki/The_Mother_(2023_film)) (2023) This Is Me... Now: A Love Story (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Now:_A_Love_Story) (2024) Atlas (/wiki/Atlas_(2024_film)) (2024) Unstoppable (/wiki/Unstoppable_(upcoming_film)) (TBA) Kiss of the Spider Woman (/wiki/Kiss_of_the_Spider_Woman_(upcoming_film)) (TBA) Bibliography Lopez has written a memoir and co-written a children's book. Lopez, Jennifer. True Love (/wiki/True_Love_(book)) . Celebra, 2014. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780451468680 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780451468680) . Lopez, Jennifer and Jimmy Fallon (/wiki/Jimmy_Fallon) (authors). Con Pollo: A Bilingual Playtime Adventure . Feiwel & Friends, 2022. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781250876362 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250876362) . Tours and residencies Main article: List of Jennifer Lopez live performances (/wiki/List_of_Jennifer_Lopez_live_performances) Headlining tours Dance Again World Tour (/wiki/Dance_Again_World_Tour) (2012) It's My Party Tour (/wiki/It%27s_My_Party_(tour)) (2019) Co-headlining tours Jennifer Lopez & Marc Anthony en Concierto (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_%26_Marc_Anthony_en_Concierto) (2007) Enrique Iglesias & Jennifer Lopez Tour (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias_%26_Jennifer_Lopez_Tour) (2012) Residencies Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud_(concerts)) (2001) Jennifer Lopez: All I Have (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_All_I_Have) (2016–2018) Cancelled tours This Is Me... Live (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Live) (2024) See also History of women in Puerto Rico (/wiki/History_of_women_in_Puerto_Rico) List of artists who reached number one in the United States (/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_in_the_United_States) List of dancers (/wiki/List_of_dancers) List of Puerto Ricans (/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Ricans) Mami (hip hop) (/wiki/Mami_(hip_hop)) Nuyorican (/wiki/Nuyorican) List of most-followed Instagram accounts (/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts) References ^ (#cite_ref-1) https://www.ascap.com/repertory#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ%20JENNIFER%20LYNN (https://www.ascap.com/repertory#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ%20JENNIFER%20LYNN) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sanchez, Rosa (November 9, 2022). "Jennifer Lopez Defends Her Name Change to Mrs. Affleck After Wedding to Ben" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a41910437/jennifer-lopez-defends-name-change-mrs-affleck-wedding-ben/) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved October 2, 2023 . her name change to Jennifer Affleck ... People are still going to call me Jennifer Lopez. But my legal name will be Mrs. Affleck because we're joined together. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Schillaci, Sophie (August 1, 2023). "Inside Jennifer Lopez's 54th Birthday Party Hosted by Ben Affleck" (https://www.etonline.com/inside-jennifer-lopezs-54th-birthday-party-hosted-by-ben-affleck-and-how-they-are-meshing-their) . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved October 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Grant, Shawn (February 15, 2024). "Jennifer Lopez Announces 'This Is Me...Now The Tour' (https://thesource.com/2024/02/15/jennifer-lopez-announces-this-is-menow-the-tour/) " (https://thesource.com/2024/02/15/jennifer-lopez-announces-this-is-menow-the-tour/) . The Source (/wiki/The_Source) . Retrieved March 4, 2024 . Jennifer Lopez, one of the most influential entertainers of our time... ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Jennifer Lopez's Biggest Hits, From Her Best Hip-Hop Collaborations To The Dance Floor Classics" (https://www.grammy.com/news/jennifer-lopez-songs-jlo-biggest-hits-this-is-me-now-album) . The Recording Academy (/wiki/The_Recording_Academy) . September 27, 2023 . Retrieved February 13, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Letkemann, Jessica (May 15, 2014). "Jennifer Lopez's Top 10 Biggest Billboard Hits" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180623051957/https://www.billboard.com/articles/list/6091769/jennifer-lopez-top-10-songs-biggest-billboard-hits) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.billboard.com/pro/jennifer-lopez-biggest-billboard-hits/) on June 23, 2018 . Retrieved December 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Duty Captain's Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080209202541/http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html) . Court TV (/wiki/Court_TV) . January 17, 2001. Archived from the original (http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html) on February 9, 2008 . Retrieved October 29, 2006 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gallick2003_8-0) Gallick 2003 (#CITEREFGallick2003) ^ (#cite_ref-biography.com_9-0) "Jennifer Lopez: Actress, Reality Television Star, Dancer, Singer (1969–)" (http://www.biography.com/people/jennifer-lopez-9542231) . Biography.com (/wiki/Biography.com) . A&E Networks (/wiki/A%26E_Networks) . Retrieved February 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cartlidge-book_10-0) Cartlidge, Cherese (2012). Jennifer Lopez . Lucent Books. p. 13 (https://archive.org/details/jenniferlopez0000cart/page/13) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1420507553 . Jennifer Lynn Lopez's parents, David and Guadalupe, were both born in Ponce, the second-largest city in Puerto Rico. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Dawn, Randee (June 22, 2016). "Jennifer Lopez opens up about her dad: 'He was just proud of me' (https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971) " (https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971) . Today (/wiki/Today_(US_TV_show)) . Retrieved February 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Rodriguez, Giovanni René. "JLo's Dad Lends A Hand In Silicon Valley" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/giovannirodriguez/2013/09/22/jlos-dad-lends-a-hand-in-silicon-valley/?sh=444ffbb75c34) . Forbes . Retrieved June 6, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "J.Lo Opens Up About Her Parents' Divorce" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-lopez_n_3569932) . HuffPost . July 10, 2013 . Retrieved June 6, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Molloy, Joanna (September 24, 2010). "It's nice Jennifer Lopez wants to give kids free health care, but why not help out your old block" (https://www.nydailynews.com/2010/09/24/its-nice-jennifer-lopez-wants-to-give-kids-free-health-care-but-why-not-help-out-your-old-block/) . New York Daily News . Retrieved November 6, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Fernandez, Celia (June 22, 2019). "Jennifer Lopez's Sisters Still Think of Their Middle Sister as a "Goofball" (https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/) " (https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/) . OprahDaily . Retrieved August 15, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Jennifer Lopez: Dream Girl" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/jennifer-lopez-august-2013-cover) . W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 7, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Robinson, Lisa. "Jenny Back on the Block" (https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/09/jennifer-lopez-201109) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved June 6, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Lipton, James (host) (October 10, 2004). "Jennifer Lopez" (https://www.ovationtv.com/watch/playlist/UUIZm45D/inside-the-actors-studio-jennifer-lopez/) . Inside the Actors Studio (/wiki/Inside_the_Actors_Studio) . Season 11. Episode 153. Ovation TV. ^ (#cite_ref-rantrack_19-0) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , p. 14 ^ Jump up to: a b Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , p. 21 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , p. 8 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Meyers, Kate (December 1, 1995). "Jennifer Lopez on her burgeoning film career" (https://ew.com/article/1995/12/01/jennifer-lopez-her-burgeoning-film-career/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved July 6, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Behind the Music: Jennifer Lopez". Behind the Music (/wiki/Behind_the_Music) . Season 12. Episode 6. July 4, 2010. VH1 (/wiki/VH1) . ^ (#cite_ref-atriplethreat_24-0) "The Triple Threat: Jennifer Lopez is Born" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120226091637/http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html) . Evan Carmichael. Archived from the original (http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html) on February 26, 2012 . Retrieved March 23, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) McRady, Rachel (May 3, 2017). "Exclusive: Kerry Washington Reflects on Her Bronx Childhood, Dishes on Husband's Hilarious Met Gala Antics" (https://www.etonline.com/news/216634_exclusive_kerry_washington_reflects_on_her_bronx_childhood_dishes_on_husband_s_hilarious_met_gala_antics) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . Retrieved June 11, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , pp. 18–22 ^ (#cite_ref-27) Kochman, Ben. "Former employer raffles J.Lo concert tix to help pop star's old school" (https://www.bxtimes.com/former-employer-raffles-j-lo-concert-tix-to-help-pop-stars-old-school/) . Bronx Times-Reporter (/wiki/Bronx_Times-Reporter) . Retrieved June 11, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Jennifer Lopez credits Barry Manilow with saving relationship with mom" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210612065928/https://blog.seattlepi.com/people/2011/05/10/jennifer-lopez-credits-barry-manilow-with-saving-relationship-with-mom/) . Seattle Post-Intelligencer (/wiki/Seattle_Post-Intelligencer) . May 10, 2011. Archived from the original (https://blog.seattlepi.com/people/2011/05/10/jennifer-lopez-credits-barry-manilow-with-saving-relationship-with-mom/) on June 12, 2021 . Retrieved June 12, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Tracy 2008 (#CITEREFTracy2008) , p. 7 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Morales, Ed (March 30, 1999). "It's Not La Vida Loca to Her" (https://articles.latimes.com/1999/may/30/entertainment/ca-42339) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved March 11, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Jennifer Lopez left red-faced!" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/jennifer-lopez-left-red-faced/story-45GFPXACpySC1FPPAFpXcI.html) . Hindustan Times . April 25, 2010 . Retrieved June 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Perricon, Kathleen (May 10, 2011). "Jennifer Lopez dances with New Kids on the Block in 1991 video clip" (https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/jennifer-lopez-dances-new-kids-block-1991-video-clip-article-1.141080) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved December 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Jennifer Lopez The Crossover Dream Comes True" (https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/19991101jennifer_lopez_jennifer_lopez_the_crossover_dream_comes_true) . Broadcast Music, Inc. (/wiki/Broadcast_Music,_Inc.) October 31, 1999 . Retrieved June 12, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Reid, Shaheem (September 28, 2017). "Is that really LL Cool J in EPMD's "Rampage" video? 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Retrieved July 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , p. 29 ^ (#cite_ref-40) Woog 2020 (#CITEREFWoog2020) , p. 28 ^ (#cite_ref-41) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , p. 30 ^ (#cite_ref-42) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , p. 36 ^ Jump up to: a b Marquez 2001 (#CITEREFMarquez2001) , p. 54 ^ (#cite_ref-44) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , p. 38 ^ (#cite_ref-45) Rooney, David (September 24, 1996). "Blood and Wine" (https://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/blood-and-wine-1200446651/) . Variety . Retrieved July 7, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-NominatedOscarSelena_46-0) Setoodeh, Ramin (August 26, 2019). "Why Wasn't Jennifer Lopez Nominated for an Oscar for 'Selena'?" (https://variety.com/2019/film/news/jennifer-lopez-interview-selena-1203313803/) . Variety . Retrieved September 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Medium" (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/medium-news-footage/560673133) . Getty Images . June 19, 2015 . Retrieved April 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Lopez gets Selena role". Dallas Morning News . Associated Press. June 14, 1996. ^ (#cite_ref-49) Cobo, Leila (March 21, 2017). "Jennifer Lopez on Playing Selena: 'She Had a Sense of Living in the Present & Following Her Heart' (https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/jennifer-lopez-selena-film-anniversary-interview-7728858/) " (https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/jennifer-lopez-selena-film-anniversary-interview-7728858/) . Billboard . Retrieved December 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Marquez 2001 (#CITEREFMarquez2001) , p. 56 ^ (#cite_ref-51) Parish 2009 (#CITEREFParish2009) , pp. 57–58 ^ (#cite_ref-52) Ebert, Roger. "Selena movie review & film summary (1997)" (https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/selena-1997) . RogerEbert.com (/wiki/RogerEbert.com) . Retrieved September 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) Bances, Gisselle (May 19, 2020). 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"Jennifer Lopez Receives Icon Award, Performs 'First Love' at the 2014 Billboard Music Awards" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/jennifer-lopez-icon-award-billboard-music-awards-6092051/) . Billboard . Retrieved December 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-538) "Nicky Jam Wins Big at Billboard Latin Music Awards: See the Full Winners List" (https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/billboard-latin-music-awards-2017-winners-list-7776260/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . April 27, 2017 . Retrieved December 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-539) Dresdale, Andrea (July 31, 2018). "Jennifer Lopez to receive Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at MTV VMAs" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180802215636/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2018/7/31/jennifer-lopez-to-receive-michael-jackson-video-vanguard-awa.html) . ABC News Radio (/wiki/ABC_News_Radio) . Archived from the original (http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2018/7/31/jennifer-lopez-to-receive-michael-jackson-video-vanguard-awa.html) on August 2, 2018 . Retrieved August 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-540) Juneau, Jen (June 5, 2022). "Jennifer Lopez Thanks Those 'Who Lied to Me' and 'Broke My Heart' at 2022 MTV Movie & TV Awards" (https://people.com/movies/mtv-movie-and-tv-awards-2022-jennifer-lopez-accepts-the-generation-award/) . People . Retrieved June 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-541) Callahan, Chrissy (March 23, 2022). "12 drag queens join Jennifer Lopez onstage dressed in her greatest looks" (https://www.today.com/popculture/popculture/jennifer-lopez-drag-queens-iheart-radio-music-awards-rcna21198) . Today (/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)) . Retrieved March 24, 2022 . Sources Reyes, Luis (2000). Hispanics in Hollywood: A Celebration of 100 Years in Film and Television . iFilm Publishing/Lone Eagle. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58065-025-0 . Marquez, Herón (2001). Latin Sensations . Twenty-First Century Books (/wiki/Lerner_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780822549932 . Retrieved July 3, 2012 . Gallick, Sarah (2003). National Enquirer (/wiki/National_Enquirer) (ed.). J.Lo: The Secret Behind Jennifer Lopez's Rise to the Top . From the Files of the National Enquirer Series. Ami Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-932270-07-8 . Negrón-Muntaner, Frances (/wiki/Frances_Negr%C3%B3n-Muntaner) (2004). Boricua pop: Puerto Ricans and the latinization of American culture . New York: New York Univ. Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0814758185 . Deanne, Stacy; Kenyatta, Kelly; Lowery, Natasha (2005). Sanders, Kwynn (ed.). Alicia Keys, Ashanti, Beyoncé, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez & Mya: Divas of the New Millennium . Amber Books Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780974977966 . Mendible, Myra (2007). From Bananas to Buttocks: The Latina Body in Popular Film and Culture (/wiki/From_Bananas_to_Buttocks) . University of Texas Press (/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780292714939 . Redmond, Sean (2007). Holmes, Su (ed.). Stardom and Celebrity: A Reader . SAGE. pp. 282–283. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1446202388 . Bruns, Roger (/wiki/Roger_Bruns) (August 30, 2008). Icons of Latino America: Latino Contributions to American Culture, Volume 1 and 2 . Greenwood Publishing Group (/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781573567961 . Tracy, Kathleen A. (September 30, 2008). Jennifer Lopez: A Biography . Greenwood Publishing Group (/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313355165 . Retrieved February 22, 2024 . Cottrell, Robert C. (2009). Icons of American Popular Culture: From P. T. Barnum to Jennifer Lopez . M. E. Sharpe (/wiki/M._E._Sharpe) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780765628350 . Parish, James Robert (/wiki/James_Robert_Parish) (2009). Jennifer Lopez . New York: Infobase Publishing (/wiki/Infobase) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781438111919 . Retrieved February 22, 2024 . Riley, Sam G. (2010). Star Struck: An Encyclopedia of Celebrity Culture . ABC-CLIO (/wiki/ABC-CLIO) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313358135 . Retrieved February 24, 2024 . Ovalle, Priscilla Peña (2011). Dance and the Hollywood Latina: Race, Sex, and Stardom . Rutgers University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0813548807 . Lopez, Jennifer (2014). True Love (/wiki/True_Love_(book)) . Celebra. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780451468680 . Woog, Adam (2020). The Great Hispanic Heritage Series: Jennifer Lopez, Updated Edition . Infobase Publishing (/wiki/Infobase) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781438197999 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jennifer Lopez (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jennifer_Lopez) . 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Jennifer Lopez (https://jenniferlopez.com) – official site JLo Beauty (https://www.jlobeauty.com/) – official beauty site Jennifer Lopez (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000317865) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Jennifer Lopez (https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p144649) at AllMovie (/wiki/AllMovie) Jennifer Lopez (https://www.discogs.com/artist/51984) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Jennifer Lopez (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000182/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Jennifer Lopez (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jennifer_lopez) at Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) Appearances (https://www.c-span.org/person/?71430) on C-SPAN (/wiki/C-SPAN) v t e Jennifer Lopez Accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jennifer_Lopez) Discography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_discography) Filmography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_filmography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Jennifer_Lopez) Videography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_videography) Performances (/wiki/List_of_Jennifer_Lopez_live_performances) Cultural impact (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Jennifer_Lopez) Studio albums On the 6 (/wiki/On_the_6) J.Lo (/wiki/J.Lo_(album)) This Is Me... Then (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Then) Rebirth (/wiki/Rebirth_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) Como Ama una Mujer (/wiki/Como_Ama_una_Mujer) Brave (/wiki/Brave_(Jennifer_Lopez_album)) Love? (/wiki/Love%3F) A.K.A. (/wiki/A.K.A._(album)) This Is Me... Now (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Now) Soundtrack albums Marry Me (/wiki/Marry_Me_(soundtrack)) Compilation albums J to tha L–O! The Remixes (/wiki/J_to_tha_L%E2%80%93O!_The_Remixes) Dance Again... the Hits (/wiki/Dance_Again..._the_Hits) Extended plays The Reel Me (/wiki/The_Reel_Me) Video albums Feelin' So Good (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_Feelin%27_So_Good) Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_Let%27s_Get_Loud) The Reel Me (/wiki/The_Reel_Me) Concerts and tours Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud_(concerts)) Jennifer Lopez & Marc Anthony en Concierto (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_%26_Marc_Anthony_en_Concierto) Dance Again World Tour (/wiki/Dance_Again_World_Tour) Enrique Iglesias & Jennifer Lopez Tour (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias_%26_Jennifer_Lopez_Tour) ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen Live (/wiki/%C2%A1Q%27Viva!_The_Chosen_Live) Jennifer Lopez: All I Have (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_All_I_Have) It's My Party (/wiki/It%27s_My_Party_(tour)) Super Bowl LIV halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIV_halftime_show) This Is Me... Live (/wiki/This_Is_Me..._Live) (cancelled) Clothing brands J.Lo by Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/J.Lo_by_Jennifer_Lopez) Jennifer Lopez Collection (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_Collection) Teeology (/wiki/Teeology) Books True Love (/wiki/True_Love_(book)) Fragrances Glow by JLo (/wiki/Glow_by_JLo) Still Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Still_Jennifer_Lopez) Love and Glamour (/wiki/Love_and_Glamour) Glowing by JLo (/wiki/Glowing_by_JLo) Companies Lopez Family Foundation (/wiki/Lopez_Family_Foundation) Nuyorican Productions (/wiki/Nuyorican_Productions) Viva Móvil (/wiki/Viva_M%C3%B3vil) Related topics Bennifer (/wiki/Bennifer) Green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) Jennifer Lopez: Halftime (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez:_Halftime) Jennifer Lopez Presents: Como Ama una Mujer (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_Presents:_Como_Ama_una_Mujer) NuvoTV (/wiki/NuvoTV) Lynda Lopez (/wiki/Lynda_Lopez) " Fat Butt and Pancake Head (/wiki/Fat_Butt_and_Pancake_Head) " Category (/wiki/Category:Jennifer_Lopez) v t e Jennifer Lopez songs Discography (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Jennifer_Lopez) 1990s singles " If You Had My Love (/wiki/If_You_Had_My_Love) " " No Me Ames (/wiki/No_Me_Ames) " " Waiting for Tonight (/wiki/Waiting_for_Tonight) " 2000s singles " Feelin' So Good (/wiki/Feelin%27_So_Good) " " Let's Get Loud (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Loud) " " Love Don't Cost a Thing (/wiki/Love_Don%27t_Cost_a_Thing_(song)) " " Play (/wiki/Play_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " I'm Real (/wiki/I%27m_Real_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Ain't It Funny (/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Funny) " " Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix) (/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Funny_(Murder_Remix)) " " I'm Gonna Be Alright (Track Masters Remix) (/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Be_Alright) " " Alive (/wiki/Alive_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Jenny from the Block (/wiki/Jenny_from_the_Block) " " All I Have (/wiki/All_I_Have_(song)) " " I'm Glad (/wiki/I%27m_Glad) " " Baby I Love U! (/wiki/Baby_I_Love_U!) " " Get Right (/wiki/Get_Right) " " Hold You Down (/wiki/Hold_You_Down_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Qué Hiciste (/wiki/Qu%C3%A9_Hiciste) " " Me Haces Falta (/wiki/Me_Haces_Falta) " " Do It Well (/wiki/Do_It_Well) " " Hold It Don't Drop It (/wiki/Hold_It_Don%27t_Drop_It) " " Louboutins (/wiki/Louboutins_(song)) " 2010s singles " On the Floor (/wiki/On_the_Floor) " " I'm Into You (/wiki/I%27m_Into_You) " " Papi (/wiki/Papi_(song)) " " Dance Again (/wiki/Dance_Again) " " Goin' In (/wiki/Goin%27_In) " " Live It Up (/wiki/Live_It_Up_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " I Luh Ya Papi (/wiki/I_Luh_Ya_Papi) " " First Love (/wiki/First_Love_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Booty (/wiki/Booty_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Feel the Light (/wiki/Feel_the_Light) " " Ain't Your Mama (/wiki/Ain%27t_Your_Mama) " " Chegaste (/wiki/Chegaste) " " Ni Tú Ni Yo (/wiki/Ni_T%C3%BA_Ni_Yo) " " Amor, Amor, Amor (/wiki/Amor,_Amor,_Amor) " " Us (/wiki/Us_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Se Acabó el Amor (/wiki/Se_Acab%C3%B3_el_Amor) " " El Anillo (/wiki/El_Anillo) " " Dinero (/wiki/Dinero_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Te Guste (/wiki/Te_Guste) " " Limitless (/wiki/Limitless_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Medicine (/wiki/Medicine_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Baila Conmigo (/wiki/Baila_Conmigo_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " 2020s singles " Pa' Ti (/wiki/Pa%27_Ti_%2B_Lonely) " " Lonely (/wiki/Pa%27_Ti_%2B_Lonely) " " In the Morning (/wiki/In_the_Morning_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Cambia el Paso (/wiki/Cambia_el_Paso) " " On My Way (/wiki/On_My_Way_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Marry Me (/wiki/Marry_Me_(Jennifer_Lopez_and_Maluma_song)) " " Can't Get Enough (/wiki/Can%27t_Get_Enough_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " Featured singles " Control Myself (/wiki/Control_Myself) " " This Boy's Fire (/wiki/This_Boy%27s_Fire) " " T.H.E. (The Hardest Ever) (/wiki/T.H.E._(The_Hardest_Ever)) " " Follow the Leader (/wiki/Follow_the_Leader_(Wisin_%26_Yandel_song)) " " Sweet Spot (/wiki/Sweet_Spot_(Flo_Rida_song)) " " Quizás, Quizás, Quizás (/wiki/Quiz%C3%A1s,_Quiz%C3%A1s,_Quiz%C3%A1s) " " Adrenalina (/wiki/Adrenalina_(Wisin_song)) " " We Are One (Ole Ola) (/wiki/We_Are_One_(Ole_Ola)) " " Back It Up (/wiki/Back_It_Up_(Prince_Royce_song)) " " El Mismo Sol (/wiki/El_mismo_sol#Alvaro_Soler_featuring_Jennifer_Lopez_version) " " Try Me (/wiki/Try_Me_(Jason_Derulo_song)) " " Te Boté II (/wiki/Te_Bot%C3%A9) " Charity singles " El Ultimo Adios (The Last Goodbye) (/wiki/El_Ultimo_Adios_(The_Last_Goodbye)) " " What's Going On (/wiki/What%27s_Going_On_(Marvin_Gaye_song)#Artists_Against_AIDS_Worldwide_cover) " " Hands (/wiki/Hands_(2016_song)) " " Love Make the World Go Round (/wiki/Love_Make_the_World_Go_Round) " " Almost Like Praying (/wiki/Almost_Like_Praying) " Promotional singles " Cariño (/wiki/Cari%C3%B1o_(song)) " " Fresh Out the Oven (/wiki/Fresh_Out_the_Oven) " " (What Is) Love? (/wiki/(What_Is)_Love%3F) " " Girls (/wiki/Girls_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Same Girl (/wiki/Same_Girl_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " A Selena Tribute (/wiki/A_Selena_Tribute) " " Olvídame y Pega la Vuelta (/wiki/Olv%C3%ADdame_y_Pega_la_Vuelta#Jennifer_Lopez_and_Marc_Anthony_version) " Other songs " Theme from (/wiki/Theme_from_Mahogany_(Do_You_Know_Where_You%27re_Going_To)) Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To) (/wiki/Theme_from_Mahogany_(Do_You_Know_Where_You%27re_Going_To)) " " You Belong to Me (/wiki/You_Belong_to_Me_(Carly_Simon_song)) " " Until It Beats No More (/wiki/Until_It_Beats_No_More) " " One Love (/wiki/One_Love_(Jennifer_Lopez_song)) " " Invading My Mind (/wiki/Invading_My_Mind) " " Hypnotico (/wiki/Hypnotico) " Category (/wiki/Category:Jennifer_Lopez) Awards for Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jennifer_Lopez) v t e American Music Award for Favorite Latin Artist (/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Latin_Artist) Julio Iglesias (/wiki/Julio_Iglesias) (1998) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (1999) Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) (2000) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (2001) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (2002) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (2003) Ricky Martin (/wiki/Ricky_Martin) (2003) Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) (2004) Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2005) Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2006) Jennifer Lopez (2007) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (2008) Aventura (/wiki/Aventura_(band)) (2009) Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2010) Jennifer Lopez (2011) Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2012) Marc Anthony (/wiki/Marc_Anthony) (2013) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (2014) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (2015) Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) (2016) Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2017) Daddy Yankee (/wiki/Daddy_Yankee) (2018) J Balvin (/wiki/J_Balvin) (2019) Becky G (/wiki/Becky_G) / Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) (2020) Becky G (/wiki/Becky_G) / Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) (2021) Anitta (/wiki/Anitta_(singer)) / Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) (2022) v t e American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist (/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist) Helen Reddy (/wiki/Helen_Reddy) (1974) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1975) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1976) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1977) Linda Ronstadt (/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt) (1978) Linda Ronstadt (/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt) (1979) Donna Summer (/wiki/Donna_Summer) (1980) Barbra Streisand (/wiki/Barbra_Streisand) (1981) Pat Benatar (/wiki/Pat_Benatar) (1982) Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) (1983) Pat Benatar (/wiki/Pat_Benatar) (1984) Cyndi Lauper (/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper) (1985) Tina Turner (/wiki/Tina_Turner) (1986) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1987) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1988) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1989) Paula Abdul (/wiki/Paula_Abdul) (1990) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) (1991) Paula Abdul (/wiki/Paula_Abdul) (1992) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1993) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1994) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1995) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1996) Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) (1997) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (1998) Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) (1999) Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) (2000) Faith Hill (/wiki/Faith_Hill) (2001) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) (2002) Sheryl Crow (/wiki/Sheryl_Crow) (2003) Jennifer Lopez (2003) Sheryl Crow (/wiki/Sheryl_Crow) (2004) Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) (2005) Kelly Clarkson (/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson) (2006) Fergie (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) (2007) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) (2008) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2009) Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) (2010) Adele (/wiki/Adele) (2011) Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) (2012) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2013) Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) (2014) Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) (2015) Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) (2016) Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) (2017) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2018) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2019) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2020) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2021) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2022) v t e GLAAD Vanguard Award (/wiki/GLAAD_Vanguard_Award) Roseanne Barr (/wiki/Roseanne_Barr) & Tom Arnold (/wiki/Tom_Arnold_(actor)) (1993) Aaron Spelling (/wiki/Aaron_Spelling) (1994) Steve Tisch (/wiki/Steve_Tisch) (1995) Sidney Sheinberg (/wiki/Sidney_Sheinberg) (1996) Cristina Saralegui (/wiki/Cristina_Saralegui) (1997) Cher (/wiki/Cher) (1998) Whoopi Goldberg (/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg) (1999) Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) (2000) Shirley MacLaine (/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine) (2002) Eric McCormack (/wiki/Eric_McCormack) (2003) Antonio Banderas (/wiki/Antonio_Banderas) (2004) Liza Minnelli (/wiki/Liza_Minnelli) (2005) Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) (2006) Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) (2007) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) (2008) Kathy Griffin (/wiki/Kathy_Griffin) (2009) Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) (2010) Kristin Chenoweth (/wiki/Kristin_Chenoweth) (2011) Josh Hutcherson (/wiki/Josh_Hutcherson) (2012) Jennifer Lopez (2014) Kerry Washington (/wiki/Kerry_Washington) (2015) Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) (2016) Patricia Arquette (/wiki/Patricia_Arquette) (2017) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) (2018) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) & Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2019) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2020) Kacey Musgraves (/wiki/Kacey_Musgraves) (2022) v t e Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress (/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Actress) 1980s Brooke Shields (/wiki/Brooke_Shields) – The Blue Lagoon (/wiki/The_Blue_Lagoon_(1980_film)) (1980) Bo Derek (/wiki/Bo_Derek) – Tarzan, the Ape Man (/wiki/Tarzan,_the_Ape_Man_(1981_film)) / Faye Dunaway (/wiki/Faye_Dunaway) – Mommie Dearest (/wiki/Mommie_Dearest_(film)) (1981) Pia Zadora (/wiki/Pia_Zadora) – Butterfly (/wiki/Butterfly_(1982_film)) (1982) Pia Zadora (/wiki/Pia_Zadora) – The Lonely Lady (/wiki/The_Lonely_Lady) (1983) Bo Derek (/wiki/Bo_Derek) – Bolero (/wiki/Bolero_(1984_film)) (1984) Linda Blair (/wiki/Linda_Blair) – Night Patrol (/wiki/Night_Patrol) , Savage Island , and Savage Streets (/wiki/Savage_Streets) (1985) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) – Shanghai Surprise (/wiki/Shanghai_Surprise) (1986) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) – Who's That Girl (/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(1987_film)) (1987) Liza Minnelli (/wiki/Liza_Minnelli) – Arthur 2: On the Rocks (/wiki/Arthur_2:_On_the_Rocks) and Rent-a-Cop (/wiki/Rent-a-Cop) (1988) Heather Locklear (/wiki/Heather_Locklear) – The Return of Swamp Thing (/wiki/The_Return_of_Swamp_Thing) (1989) 1990s Bo Derek (/wiki/Bo_Derek) – Ghosts Can't Do It (/wiki/Ghosts_Can%27t_Do_It) (1990) Sean Young (/wiki/Sean_Young) – A Kiss Before Dying (/wiki/A_Kiss_Before_Dying_(1991_film)) (1991) Melanie Griffith (/wiki/Melanie_Griffith) – Shining Through (/wiki/Shining_Through) and A Stranger Among Us (/wiki/A_Stranger_Among_Us) (1992) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) – Body of Evidence (/wiki/Body_of_Evidence_(1993_film)) (1993) Sharon Stone (/wiki/Sharon_Stone) – Intersection (/wiki/Intersection_(1994_film)) and The Specialist (/wiki/The_Specialist) (1994) Elizabeth Berkley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Berkley) – Showgirls (/wiki/Showgirls) (1995) Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) – The Juror (/wiki/The_Juror) and Striptease (/wiki/Striptease_(film)) (1996) Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) – G.I. Jane (/wiki/G.I._Jane) (1997) Spice Girls (/wiki/Spice_Girls) – Spice World (/wiki/Spice_World_(film)) (1998) Heather Donahue (/wiki/Rei_Hance) – The Blair Witch Project (/wiki/The_Blair_Witch_Project) (1999) 2000s Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) – The Next Best Thing (/wiki/The_Next_Best_Thing) (2000) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) – Glitter (/wiki/Glitter_(film)) (2001) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) – Swept Away (/wiki/Swept_Away_(2002_film)) / Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) – Crossroads (/wiki/Crossroads_(2002_film)) (2002) Jennifer Lopez – Gigli (/wiki/Gigli) (2003) Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) – Catwoman (/wiki/Catwoman_(film)) (2004) Jenny McCarthy (/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy) – Dirty Love (/wiki/Dirty_Love_(film)) (2005) Sharon Stone (/wiki/Sharon_Stone) – Basic Instinct 2 (/wiki/Basic_Instinct_2) (2006) Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) – I Know Who Killed Me (/wiki/I_Know_Who_Killed_Me) (2007) Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) – The Hottie and the Nottie (/wiki/The_Hottie_and_the_Nottie) (2008) Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) – All About Steve (/wiki/All_About_Steve) (2009) 2010s Kim Cattrall (/wiki/Kim_Cattrall) , Kristin Davis (/wiki/Kristin_Davis) , Cynthia Nixon (/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon) , and Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) – Sex and the City 2 (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_2) (2010) Adam Sandler (/wiki/Adam_Sandler) (in drag) – Jack and Jill (/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)) (2011) Kristen Stewart (/wiki/Kristen_Stewart) – Snow White and the Huntsman (/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Huntsman) and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_%E2%80%93_Part_2) (2012) Tyler Perry (/wiki/Tyler_Perry) (in drag) – A Madea Christmas (/wiki/A_Madea_Christmas_(film)) (2013) Cameron Diaz (/wiki/Cameron_Diaz) – The Other Woman (/wiki/The_Other_Woman_(2014_film)) and Sex Tape (/wiki/Sex_Tape_(film)) (2014) Dakota Johnson (/wiki/Dakota_Johnson) – Fifty Shades of Grey (/wiki/Fifty_Shades_of_Grey_(film)) (2015) Rebekah Turner (/wiki/Rebekah_Turner) – Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party (/wiki/Hillary%27s_America:_The_Secret_History_of_the_Democratic_Party) (2016) Tyler Perry (/wiki/Tyler_Perry) (in drag) – Boo 2! A Madea Halloween (/wiki/Boo_2!_A_Madea_Halloween) (2017) Melissa McCarthy (/wiki/Melissa_McCarthy) – The Happytime Murders (/wiki/The_Happytime_Murders) and Life of the Party (/wiki/Life_of_the_Party_(2018_film)) (2018) Hilary Duff (/wiki/Hilary_Duff) – The Haunting of Sharon Tate (/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Sharon_Tate) (2019) 2020s Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) – Music (/wiki/Music_(2021_film)) (2020/21) Jeanna de Waal (/wiki/Jeanna_de_Waal) – Diana: The Musical (/wiki/Diana_(musical)) (2021) Golden Raspberry Awards (/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Awards) (for nominating Ryan Kiera Armstrong (/wiki/Ryan_Kiera_Armstrong) ) (2022) Megan Fox (/wiki/Megan_Fox) – Johnny & Clyde (/wiki/Johnny_%26_Clyde) (2023) v t e Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo (/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Screen_Combo) 1990s Tom Cruise (/wiki/Tom_Cruise) and Brad Pitt (/wiki/Brad_Pitt) – Interview with the Vampire (/wiki/Interview_with_the_Vampire_(film)) / Sylvester Stallone (/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone) and Sharon Stone (/wiki/Sharon_Stone) – The Specialist (/wiki/The_Specialist) (1994) Any combination of two people (or two body parts) – Showgirls (/wiki/Showgirls) (1995) Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) and Burt Reynolds (/wiki/Burt_Reynolds) – Striptease (/wiki/Striptease_(film)) (1996) Dennis Rodman (/wiki/Dennis_Rodman) and Jean-Claude Van Damme (/wiki/Jean-Claude_Van_Damme) – Double Team (/wiki/Double_Team_(film)) (1997) Leonardo DiCaprio (/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio) and Leonardo DiCaprio (/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio) (as twins (/wiki/Twin) ) – The Man in the Iron Mask (/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Iron_Mask_(1998_film)) (1998) Kevin Kline (/wiki/Kevin_Kline) and Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) – Wild Wild West (/wiki/Wild_Wild_West) (1999) 2000s John Travolta (/wiki/John_Travolta) and anyone sharing the screen with him – Battlefield Earth (/wiki/Battlefield_Earth_(film)) (2000) Tom Green (/wiki/Tom_Green) and any animal he abuses – Freddy Got Fingered (/wiki/Freddy_Got_Fingered) (2001) Adriano Giannini (/wiki/Adriano_Giannini) and Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) – Swept Away (/wiki/Swept_Away_(2002_film)) (2002) Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) and Jennifer Lopez – Gigli (/wiki/Gigli) (2003) George W. Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) and either Condoleezza Rice (/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice) or his pet goat (/wiki/The_Pet_Goat) – Fahrenheit 9/11 (/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11) (2004) Will Ferrell (/wiki/Will_Ferrell) and Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) – Bewitched (/wiki/Bewitched_(2005_film)) (2005) Shawn Wayans (/wiki/Shawn_Wayans) and either Kerry Washington (/wiki/Kerry_Washington) or Marlon Wayans (/wiki/Marlon_Wayans) – Little Man (/wiki/Little_Man_(2006_film)) (2006) Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) and Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) (as twins (/wiki/Twin) ) – I Know Who Killed Me (/wiki/I_Know_Who_Killed_Me) (2007) Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) and either Christine Lakin (/wiki/Christine_Lakin) or Joel David Moore (/wiki/Joel_David_Moore) – The Hottie and the Nottie (/wiki/The_Hottie_and_the_Nottie) (2008) Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) and Bradley Cooper (/wiki/Bradley_Cooper) – All About Steve (/wiki/All_About_Steve) (2009) 2010s The entire cast of Sex and the City 2 (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_2) (2010) Adam Sandler (/wiki/Adam_Sandler) and either Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) , Al Pacino (/wiki/Al_Pacino) or Adam Sandler (/wiki/Adam_Sandler) – Jack and Jill (/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)) / The entire cast of Jack and Jill (/wiki/Jack_and_Jill_(2011_film)) (2011) Mackenzie Foy (/wiki/Mackenzie_Foy) and Taylor Lautner (/wiki/Taylor_Lautner) – The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_%E2%80%93_Part_2) / The entire cast of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga:_Breaking_Dawn_%E2%80%93_Part_2) (2012) Jaden Smith (/wiki/Jaden_Smith) and Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) on planet nepotism – After Earth (/wiki/After_Earth) (2013) Kirk Cameron (/wiki/Kirk_Cameron) and his ego – Saving Christmas (/wiki/Saving_Christmas) (2014) Jamie Dornan (/wiki/Jamie_Dornan) and Dakota Johnson (/wiki/Dakota_Johnson) – Fifty Shades of Grey (/wiki/Fifty_Shades_of_Grey_(film)) (2015) Ben Affleck (/wiki/Ben_Affleck) and Henry Cavill (/wiki/Henry_Cavill) – Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (/wiki/Batman_v_Superman:_Dawn_of_Justice) (2016) Any two obnoxious Emojis (/wiki/Emoji) – The Emoji Movie (/wiki/The_Emoji_Movie) (2017) Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) and "His Self Perpetuating Pettiness" – Death of a Nation (/wiki/Death_of_a_Nation_(2018_film)) and Fahrenheit 11/9 (/wiki/Fahrenheit_11/9) (2018) Any two half-feline/half-human hairballs – Cats (/wiki/Cats_(2019_film)) (2019) 2020s Rudy Giuliani (/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani) and his pants zipper – Borat Subsequent Moviefilm (/wiki/Borat_Subsequent_Moviefilm) (2020) LeBron James (/wiki/LeBron_James) and any Warner cartoon character (/wiki/List_of_Looney_Tunes_and_Merrie_Melodies_characters) (or Time-Warner (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery) product) he dribbles on – Space Jam: A New Legacy (/wiki/Space_Jam:_A_New_Legacy) (2021) Tom Hanks (/wiki/Tom_Hanks) and his latex-laden face (and ludicrous accent) – Elvis (/wiki/Elvis_(2022_film)) (2022) Pooh (/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh) and Piglet (/wiki/Piglet_(Winnie-the-Pooh)) (as Blood-Thirsty Slasher/Killers) – Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey (/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh:_Blood_and_Honey) (2023) Between 2010–2012, the category also included Worst Screen Ensemble. v t e Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actress (/wiki/Kids%27_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie_Actress) Whoopi Goldberg (/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg) (1988–1989, 1992–1994) Lea Thompson (/wiki/Lea_Thompson) (1990) Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) (1991) Rosie O'Donnell (/wiki/Rosie_O%27Donnell) (1995, 1997) Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen (/wiki/Mary-Kate_and_Ashley_Olsen) (1996) Alicia Silverstone (/wiki/Alicia_Silverstone) (1998) Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) (1999, 2001) Melissa Joan Hart (/wiki/Melissa_Joan_Hart) (2000) Jennifer Lopez (2002) Amanda Bynes (/wiki/Amanda_Bynes) (2003–2004) Hilary Duff (/wiki/Hilary_Duff) (2005) Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) (2006) Dakota Fanning (/wiki/Dakota_Fanning) (2007) Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) (2008) Vanessa Hudgens (/wiki/Vanessa_Hudgens) (2009) Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) (2010–2011) Kristen Stewart (/wiki/Kristen_Stewart) (2012–2013) Jennifer Lawrence (/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence) (2014, 2016) Emma Stone (/wiki/Emma_Stone) (2015) Melissa McCarthy (/wiki/Melissa_McCarthy) (2017) Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) (2018, 2022) Joey King (/wiki/Joey_King) (2019) Dove Cameron (/wiki/Dove_Cameron) (2020) Millie Bobby Brown (/wiki/Millie_Bobby_Brown) (2021, 2023) Margot Robbie (/wiki/Margot_Robbie) (2024) v t e Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress) 1977–2000 Vanessa Redgrave (/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave) (1977) Maureen Stapleton (/wiki/Maureen_Stapleton) / Mona Washbourne (/wiki/Mona_Washbourne) (1978) Meryl Streep (/wiki/Meryl_Streep) (1979) Mary Steenburgen (/wiki/Mary_Steenburgen) (1980) Maureen Stapleton (/wiki/Maureen_Stapleton) (1981) Glenn Close (/wiki/Glenn_Close) (1982) Linda Hunt (/wiki/Linda_Hunt) (1983) Peggy Ashcroft (/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft) (1984) Anjelica Huston (/wiki/Anjelica_Huston) (1985) Cathy Tyson (/wiki/Cathy_Tyson) / Dianne Wiest (/wiki/Dianne_Wiest) (1986) Olympia Dukakis (/wiki/Olympia_Dukakis) (1987) Geneviève Bujold (/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Bujold) (1988) Brenda Fricker (/wiki/Brenda_Fricker) (1989) Lorraine Bracco (/wiki/Lorraine_Bracco) (1990) Jane Horrocks (/wiki/Jane_Horrocks) (1991) Judy Davis (/wiki/Judy_Davis) (1992) Anna Paquin (/wiki/Anna_Paquin) / Rosie Perez (/wiki/Rosie_Perez) (1993) Dianne Wiest (/wiki/Dianne_Wiest) (1994) Joan Allen (/wiki/Joan_Allen) (1995) Barbara Hershey (/wiki/Barbara_Hershey) (1996) Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) (1997) Joan Allen (/wiki/Joan_Allen) (1998) Chloë Sevigny (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Sevigny) (1999) Frances McDormand (/wiki/Frances_McDormand) (2000) 2001–2021 Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) (2001) Edie Falco (/wiki/Edie_Falco) (2002) Shohreh Aghdashloo (/wiki/Shohreh_Aghdashloo) (2003) Virginia Madsen (/wiki/Virginia_Madsen) (2004) Catherine Keener (/wiki/Catherine_Keener) (2005) Luminița Gheorghiu (/wiki/Lumini%C8%9Ba_Gheorghiu) (2006) Amy Ryan (/wiki/Amy_Ryan) (2007) Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) (2008) Mo'Nique (/wiki/Mo%27Nique) (2009) Jacki Weaver (/wiki/Jacki_Weaver) (2010) Jessica Chastain (/wiki/Jessica_Chastain) (2011) Amy Adams (/wiki/Amy_Adams) (2012) Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) (2013) Agata Kulesza (/wiki/Agata_Kulesza) (2014) Alicia Vikander (/wiki/Alicia_Vikander) (2015) Lily Gladstone (/wiki/Lily_Gladstone) (2016) Laurie Metcalf (/wiki/Laurie_Metcalf) (2017) Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) (2018) Jennifer Lopez (2019) Youn Yuh-jung (/wiki/Youn_Yuh-jung) (2020) Ariana DeBose (/wiki/Ariana_DeBose) (2021) v t e Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) The Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) and Richard Lester (/wiki/Richard_Lester) (1984) David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) (1984) David Byrne (/wiki/David_Byrne) (1985) Russell Mulcahy (/wiki/Russell_Mulcahy) (1985) Godley & Creme (/wiki/Godley_%26_Creme) (1985) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) (1986) Zbigniew Rybczyński (/wiki/Zbigniew_Rybczy%C5%84ski) (1986) Peter Gabriel (/wiki/Peter_Gabriel) (1987) Julien Temple (/wiki/Julien_Temple) (1987) Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) (1988) George Michael (/wiki/George_Michael) (1989) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) (1990) Bon Jovi (/wiki/Bon_Jovi) and Wayne Isham (/wiki/Wayne_Isham) (1991) Guns N' Roses (/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses) (1992) The Rolling Stones (/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones) (1994) Tom Petty (/wiki/Tom_Petty) (1994) R.E.M. (/wiki/R.E.M.) (1995) LL Cool J (/wiki/LL_Cool_J) (1997) Mark Romanek (/wiki/Mark_Romanek) (1997) Beastie Boys (/wiki/Beastie_Boys) (1998) Red Hot Chili Peppers (/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers) (2000) U2 (/wiki/U2) (2001) Duran Duran (/wiki/Duran_Duran) (2003) Hype Williams (/wiki/Hype_Williams) (2006) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) (2011) Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) (2013) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2014) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2015) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) (2016) Pink (/wiki/Pink_(singer)) (2017) Jennifer Lopez (2018) Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2019) Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (2022) Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2023) v t e MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_Female) Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1994) Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) (1995) Alanis Morissette (/wiki/Alanis_Morissette) (1996) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) (1997) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) (1998) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) (1999, 2004) Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) (2000) Jennifer Lopez (2001–2002) Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) (2003, 2006) Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2005) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2009) Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) (2010–2011, 2016) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2012) Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) (2013) Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) (2014) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) (2015) v t e MTV Europe Music Award for Best R&B (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Award_for_Best_R%26B) Blackstreet (/wiki/Blackstreet) (1997) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1999) Jennifer Lopez (2000) Craig David (/wiki/Craig_David) (2001) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2002, 2004–2005) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2003) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) (2006) Chlöe (/wiki/Chloe_Bailey) (2022) v t e MTV Movie & TV Award for Most Frightened Performance (/wiki/MTV_Movie_Award_for_Best_Scared-As-Shit_Performance) Dakota Fanning (/wiki/Dakota_Fanning) (2005) Jennifer Carpenter (/wiki/Jennifer_Carpenter) (2006) Amanda Seyfried (/wiki/Amanda_Seyfried) (2010) Ellen Page (/wiki/Elliot_Page) (2011) Suraj Sharma (/wiki/Suraj_Sharma) (2013) Brad Pitt (/wiki/Brad_Pitt) (2014) Jennifer Lopez (2015) Noah Schnapp (/wiki/Noah_Schnapp) (2018) Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) (2019) Victoria Pedretti (/wiki/Victoria_Pedretti) (2021) Jenna Ortega (/wiki/Jenna_Ortega) (2022) Jennifer Coolidge (/wiki/Jennifer_Coolidge) (2023) v t e MTV Video Music Award for Best Collaboration (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Collaboration) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2007) Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) and Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2010) Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) and Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2011) Pink (/wiki/Pink_(singer)) and Nate Ruess (/wiki/Nate_Ruess) (2013) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2014) Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) and Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2015) Fifth Harmony (/wiki/Fifth_Harmony) and Ty Dolla Sign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) (2016) Zayn (/wiki/Zayn_Malik) and Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2017) Jennifer Lopez , DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) and Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2018) Shawn Mendes (/wiki/Shawn_Mendes) and Camila Cabello (/wiki/Camila_Cabello) (2019) Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) and Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) (2020) Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) and SZA (/wiki/SZA) (2021) Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) and Jack Harlow (/wiki/Jack_Harlow) (2022) Karol G (/wiki/Karol_G) and Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) (2023) v t e Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress (/wiki/Online_Film_Critics_Society_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress) Gloria Stuart (/wiki/Gloria_Stuart) (1997) Joan Allen (/wiki/Joan_Allen) (1998) Catherine Keener (/wiki/Catherine_Keener) (1999) Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) (2000) Jennifer Connelly (/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly) (2001) Samantha Morton (/wiki/Samantha_Morton) (2002) Shohreh Aghdashloo (/wiki/Shohreh_Aghdashloo) (2003) Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) (2004) Maria Bello (/wiki/Maria_Bello) (2005) Abigail Breslin (/wiki/Abigail_Breslin) (2006) Amy Ryan (/wiki/Amy_Ryan) (2007) Marisa Tomei (/wiki/Marisa_Tomei) (2008) Mo'Nique (/wiki/Mo%27Nique) (2009) Hailee Steinfeld (/wiki/Hailee_Steinfeld) (2010) Jessica Chastain (/wiki/Jessica_Chastain) (2011) Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) (2012) Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) (2013) Patricia Arquette (/wiki/Patricia_Arquette) (2014) Rooney Mara (/wiki/Rooney_Mara) (2015) Naomie Harris (/wiki/Naomie_Harris) (2016) Laurie Metcalf (/wiki/Laurie_Metcalf) (2017) Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) (2018) Jennifer Lopez (2019) Maria Bakalova (/wiki/Maria_Bakalova) (2020) Kirsten Dunst (/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst) (2021) Kerry Condon (/wiki/Kerry_Condon) (2022) Da'Vine Joy Randolph (/wiki/Da%27Vine_Joy_Randolph) (2023) v t e San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress (/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress) Miranda Richardson (/wiki/Miranda_Richardson) (2002) Patricia Clarkson (/wiki/Patricia_Clarkson) (2003) Virginia Madsen (/wiki/Virginia_Madsen) (2004) Amy Adams (/wiki/Amy_Adams) (2005) Adriana Barraza (/wiki/Adriana_Barraza) (2006) Amy Ryan (/wiki/Amy_Ryan) (2007) Marisa Tomei (/wiki/Marisa_Tomei) (2008) Mo'Nique (/wiki/Mo%27Nique) (2009) Jacki Weaver (/wiki/Jacki_Weaver) (2010) Vanessa Redgrave (/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave) (2011) Helen Hunt (/wiki/Helen_Hunt) (2012) Jennifer Lawrence (/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence) (2013) Patricia Arquette (/wiki/Patricia_Arquette) (2014) Mya Taylor (/wiki/Mya_Taylor) (2015) Viola Davis (/wiki/Viola_Davis) (2016) Laurie Metcalf (/wiki/Laurie_Metcalf) (2017) Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) (2018) Jennifer Lopez (2019) Youn Yuh-jung (/wiki/Youn_Yuh-jung) (2020) Kirsten Dunst (/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst) (2021) Kerry Condon (/wiki/Kerry_Condon) / Jamie Lee Curtis (/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Curtis) (2022) Da'Vine Joy Randolph (/wiki/Da%27Vine_Joy_Randolph) (2023) v t e Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture) Drama (1996–2005) Courtney Love (/wiki/Courtney_Love) (1996) Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) (1997) Kimberly Elise (/wiki/Kimberly_Elise) (1998) Chloë Sevigny (/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Sevigny) (1999) Jennifer Ehle (/wiki/Jennifer_Ehle) / Rosemary Harris (/wiki/Rosemary_Harris) (2000) Jennifer Connelly (/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly) (2001) Edie Falco (/wiki/Edie_Falco) (2002) Maria Bello (/wiki/Maria_Bello) (2003) Gena Rowlands (/wiki/Gena_Rowlands) (2004) Laura Linney (/wiki/Laura_Linney) (2005) Musical or Comedy (1996–2005) Debbie Reynolds (/wiki/Debbie_Reynolds) (1996) Joan Cusack (/wiki/Joan_Cusack) (1997) Joan Allen (/wiki/Joan_Allen) (1998) Catherine Keener (/wiki/Catherine_Keener) (1999) Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) (2000) Maggie Smith (/wiki/Maggie_Smith) (2001) Tovah Feldshuh (/wiki/Tovah_Feldshuh) (2002) Patricia Clarkson (/wiki/Patricia_Clarkson) (2003) Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) (2004) Rosario Dawson (/wiki/Rosario_Dawson) (2005) Motion Picture (2006–present) Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) (2006) Amy Ryan (/wiki/Amy_Ryan) (2007) Rosemarie DeWitt (/wiki/Rosemarie_DeWitt) (2008) Mo'Nique (/wiki/Mo%27Nique) (2009) Jacki Weaver (/wiki/Jacki_Weaver) (2010) Jessica Chastain (/wiki/Jessica_Chastain) (2011) Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) (2012) June Squibb (/wiki/June_Squibb) (2013) Patricia Arquette (/wiki/Patricia_Arquette) (2014) Alicia Vikander (/wiki/Alicia_Vikander) (2015) Naomie Harris (/wiki/Naomie_Harris) (2016) Lois Smith (/wiki/Lois_Smith) (2017) Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) (2018) Jennifer Lopez (2019) Amanda Seyfried (/wiki/Amanda_Seyfried) (2020) Kirsten Dunst (/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst) (2021) Claire Foy (/wiki/Claire_Foy) (2022) Da'Vine Joy Randolph (/wiki/Da%27Vine_Joy_Randolph) (2023) v t e Seattle Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress (/wiki/Seattle_Film_Critics_Society) Viola Davis (/wiki/Viola_Davis) (2016) Laurie Metcalf (/wiki/Laurie_Metcalf) (2017) Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) (2018) Jennifer Lopez (2019) Youn Yuh-jung (/wiki/Youn_Yuh-jung) (2020) Ariana DeBose (/wiki/Ariana_DeBose) (2021) Kerry Condon (/wiki/Kerry_Condon) (2022) Da'Vine Joy Randolph (/wiki/Da%27Vine_Joy_Randolph) (2023) v t e Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress (/wiki/Washington_D.C._Area_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress) Kathy Bates (/wiki/Kathy_Bates) (2002) Anna Deavere Smith (/wiki/Anna_Deavere_Smith) (2003) Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) (2004) Amy Adams (/wiki/Amy_Adams) (2005) Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) (2006) Amy Ryan (/wiki/Amy_Ryan) (2007) Rosemarie DeWitt (/wiki/Rosemarie_DeWitt) (2008) Mo'Nique (/wiki/Mo%27Nique) (2009) Melissa Leo (/wiki/Melissa_Leo) (2010) Octavia Spencer (/wiki/Octavia_Spencer) (2011) Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) (2012) Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) (2013) Patricia Arquette (/wiki/Patricia_Arquette) (2014) Alicia Vikander (/wiki/Alicia_Vikander) (2015) Viola Davis (/wiki/Viola_Davis) (2016) Laurie Metcalf (/wiki/Laurie_Metcalf) (2017) Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) (2018) Jennifer Lopez (2019) Youn Yuh-jung (/wiki/Youn_Yuh-jung) (2020) Aunjanue Ellis (/wiki/Aunjanue_Ellis-Taylor) (2021) Kerry Condon (/wiki/Kerry_Condon) (2022) Da'Vine Joy Randolph (/wiki/Da%27Vine_Joy_Randolph) (2023) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/389551/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000121299281) 2 (https://isni.org/isni/0000000368640971) 3 (https://isni.org/isni/000000036864098X) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/42038339) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdM9TJrJGD6YYpGkPW7HC) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1095087) Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1266889) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140175480) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140175480) Catalonia (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517164606706) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/122627121) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007447972405171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97019851) Latvia (https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000281421&P_CON_LNG=ENG) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002149985&CON_LNG=ENG) Australia (https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an42364554) Korea (https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2019E1461) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p165956437) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810542976105606) Portugal (http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1642504) Artists Emmy Awards (https://www.emmys.com/bios/jennifer-lopez) Grammy Awards (https://www.grammy.com/artists/jennifer-lopez/14846) MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f0602f55-1770-483d-89bd-4bae0d0ac086) People Deutsche Synchronkartei (https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/O3K-yFuBZ) Trove (https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1457774) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sf3rq3) IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/077446992) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐fdzvt Cached time: 20240720162938 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 4.168 seconds Real time usage: 4.529 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 30085/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1215295/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 118160/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 24/100 Expensive parser function count: 48/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2094097/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 2.701/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14001382/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: dataWrapper <mw.lua:672> 520 ms 18.1% ? 440 ms 15.3% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 280 ms 9.7% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 260 ms 9.0% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::plain 160 ms 5.6% <mw.lua:694> 120 ms 4.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub 120 ms 4.2% type 100 ms 3.5% <Module:Citation/CS1:813> 80 ms 2.8% (for generator) 60 ms 2.1% [others] 740 ms 25.7% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 3853.082 1 -total 66.77% 2572.684 1 Template:Reflist 22.75% 876.494 212 Template:Cite_web 15.89% 612.286 152 Template:Cite_news 11.33% 436.692 103 Template:Cite_magazine 9.05% 348.636 1 Template:Infobox_person 6.10% 234.913 55 Template:Harvnb 3.24% 124.782 28 Template:Cite_book 2.88% 111.017 18 Template:Pluralize_from_text 2.84% 109.351 2 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:16175-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720162938 and revision id 1234797224. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Lopez&oldid=1234797224 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Lopez&oldid=1234797224) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Category:Jennifer_Lopez) 1969 births (/wiki/Category:1969_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 20th-century American actresses (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_actresses) 20th-century American women singers (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_singers) 21st-century American actresses (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_actresses) 21st-century American women singers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_singers) 21st-century women philanthropists (/wiki/Category:21st-century_women_philanthropists) Activists from New York City (/wiki/Category:Activists_from_New_York_City) Actresses from the Bronx (/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_the_Bronx) American actresses of Puerto Rican descent (/wiki/Category:American_actresses_of_Puerto_Rican_descent) American businesspeople in retailing (/wiki/Category:American_businesspeople_in_retailing) American choreographers (/wiki/Category:American_choreographers) American company founders (/wiki/Category:American_company_founders) American contemporary R&B singers (/wiki/Category:American_contemporary_R%26B_singers) American cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_cosmetics_businesspeople) American expatriates in Japan (/wiki/Category:American_expatriates_in_Japan) American fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_businesspeople) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) American female dancers (/wiki/Category:American_female_dancers) American women hip hop singers (/wiki/Category:American_women_hip_hop_singers) American hip hop singers (/wiki/Category:American_hip_hop_singers) American Latin pop 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American fashion designer Jessica Rich Jessica Rich in 2018 Born Grand Rapids, Michigan (/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan) Nationality American Occupation Fashion designer Jessica Rich , is an American shoe designer (/wiki/Designer) and fashion expert who is known for creating women's shoes that incorporate PVC (/wiki/PVC) design elements as her signature style. [1] (#cite_note-GlobalGrind1-1) Rich is also a host and former reality show (/wiki/Reality_television) personality. She is known for her appearances on VH1 (/wiki/VH1) 's Real Chance of Love (/wiki/Real_Chance_of_Love) . Patti LaBelle (/wiki/Patti_LaBelle) is Rich's great-aunt (/wiki/Aunt) . Early life [ edit ] Jessica Rich was born and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan (/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan) . She is the daughter of Janice Denise and Eric Willis. She has four siblings. Her father was the early tour and road manager for Patti LaBelle (/wiki/Patti_LaBelle) , who is also Rich's great-aunt (/wiki/Aunt) . Career [ edit ] Television/film [ edit ] In 2008, Rich participated in VH1 (/wiki/VH1) 's reality series Real Chance of Love (/wiki/Real_Chance_of_Love) , a dating show featuring brothers Ahmad "Real" Givens (/wiki/Ahmad_Givens) and Kamal "Chance" Givens (/wiki/Kamal_Givens) . Hannah Birkmann missed her. She was known on the show as Rabbit because Real likened her to an African American (/wiki/African_American) Jessica Rabbit (/wiki/Jessica_Rabbit) . [2] (#cite_note-YouTube1-2) Rich has appeared as a fashion expert and host on Access Hollywood (/wiki/Access_Hollywood) , KTLA Morning News (/wiki/KTLA_Morning_News) , Hollyscoop (/w/index.php?title=Hollyscoop&action=edit&redlink=1) and others. [3] (#cite_note-AccessOnline1-3) [4] (#cite_note-RollingOut1-4) [5] (#cite_note-KTLA1-5) Fashion and footwear design [ edit ] In 2015, Rich launched The Jessica Rich Collection, a clothing line favored by celebrities, musicians, reality television personalities, and performers. In late 2017, Jessica debuted Transparent by Jessica Rich, her first line of shoes. Her signature aesthetic, in all of her collections, is the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) components in her footwear design, a material that is appealing for its design versatility and ability to be worn with any color clothing. Rich most commonly sells styles with a heel height of 120mm and a gold heel or gold sole her shoes are manufactured and purchased wholesale. [6] (#cite_note-VoyageLA1-6) [7] (#cite_note-AboutHer1-7) [8] (#cite_note-KTLA2-8) [9] (#cite_note-CoffeaMag1-9) Some of the footwear line's celebrity clientele include the Kardashian (/wiki/Kardashian) sisters, Bella Thorne (/wiki/Bella_Thorne) , Ashanti (/wiki/Ashanti_(singer)) , Blac Chyna (/wiki/Blac_Chyna) , Kesha (/wiki/Kesha) , La La Anthony (/wiki/La_La_Anthony) , Vanessa Simmons (/wiki/Vanessa_Simmons) , Sasha Banks (/wiki/Sasha_Banks) , Tamar Braxton (/wiki/Tamar_Braxton) , Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Jelena Karleuša (/wiki/Jelena_Karleu%C5%A1a) , Fantasia (/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino) , Tami Roman (/wiki/Tami_Roman) , Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , Ally Brooke (/wiki/Ally_Brooke) , and Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) . [7] (#cite_note-AboutHer1-7) [8] (#cite_note-KTLA2-8) [10] (#cite_note-FootwearNews1-10) [11] (#cite_note-FootwearNews4-11) [12] (#cite_note-Vogue2-12) [13] (#cite_note-FootwearNews5-13) Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) wore Rich's first design, the Fancy Stiletto, to a 2018 VMA after party paired with a skintight blouse and leggings from the Versace Pre-Fall 2018 collection. [14] (#cite_note-Vogue1-14) [15] (#cite_note-FootwearNews2-15) Lopez also wore Rich's shoes to events promoting the 2019 film Hustlers (/wiki/Hustlers_(film)) . [16] (#cite_note-FootwearNews6-16) [17] (#cite_note-FootwearNews7-17) The collection has been featured in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Footwear News (/wiki/Footwear_News) , People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) , InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) , Us Weekly (/wiki/Us_Weekly) , and E! News (/wiki/E!_News) . [14] (#cite_note-Vogue1-14) [12] (#cite_note-Vogue2-12) [18] (#cite_note-People1-18) [19] (#cite_note-EOnline1-19) [20] (#cite_note-EOnline2-20) In 2019, Rich launched a collection of men's footwear focused on an androgynous aesthetic and featuring singer, songwriter, and producer Jon B. (/wiki/Jon_B.) as the brand ambassador. [21] (#cite_note-FootwearNews3-21) [9] (#cite_note-CoffeaMag1-9) The collection is sold via the company website and in various boutiques throughout the world. The first Jessica Rich Collection brick-and-mortar location opened in 2018 on Melrose Avenue (/wiki/Melrose_Avenue) in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) located next to Fairfax High School (/wiki/Fairfax_High_School_(Los_Angeles)) . [6] (#cite_note-VoyageLA1-6) In August 2019, Rich announced her collection would be available in select Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) stores. [22] (#cite_note-SheenMagazine1-22) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-GlobalGrind1_1-0) "#StyleCrush: Jessica Rich Is The Sultry Shoe Designer All The Stars Are Checking For" (https://globalgrind.com/4283567/stylecrush-jessica-rich-is-the-sultry-shoe-designer-all-the-stars-are-checking-for/) . GlobalGrind.com. March 12, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-YouTube1_2-0) "Let the Thirst Games Begin! Real Chance Of Love S01 E01 | OMG!RLY?!" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qukb5l3uS84) . VH1 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-AccessOnline1_3-0) "Get Cookie Lyon's Looks For Less" (https://www.accessonline.com/articles/get-cookie-lyons-looks-for-less-158657) . AccessOnline. March 16, 2015 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-RollingOut1_4-0) "Get the Cookie Lyon look for less: Meet style expert Jessica Rich" (https://rollingout.com/2015/03/18/get-the-cookie-lyons-look-for-less-meet-style-expert-jessica-rich/) . RollingOut. March 18, 2015 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-KTLA1_5-0) "Guns N' Roses Pop Up Shop With Stylist Jessica Rich" (https://ktla.com/2016/08/19/guns-n-roses-pop-up-shop-with-stylist-jessica-rich/) . KTLA. August 19, 2016 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Meet Jessica Rich" (http://voyagela.com/interview/meet-jessica-rich-jessica-rich-melrose-la-ca/) . VoyageLA. January 29, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "A Talk with Jessica Rich, Hollywood's Beloved Shoe Designer" (https://www.abouther.com/node/22856/fashion/fashion-news/talk-jessica-rich-hollywood%E2%80%99s-beloved-shoe-designer) . AboutHer.com . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fashionable Pumps, Stilettos and Sandals With Jessica Rich Collection" (https://ktla.com/2019/05/09/fashionable-pumps-stilettos-and-sandals-with-jessica-rich-collection/) . KTLA. May 9, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "I Am King: Jessica Rich X Jon B Talk Golden Souls" (https://www.coffeamag.com/2019/04/04/i-am-king-jessica-rich-x-jon-b-talk-golden-souls/) . COFFEA Magazine. April 4, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FootwearNews1_10-0) "Black History Month Spotlight: Actress, Author Tami Roman Gets Candid on Breaking Down Barriers" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/influencers/power-players/tami-roman-tv-fashion-black-history-month-2019-1202740891/) . FootwearNews. February 18, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FootwearNews4_11-0) "Exclusive: Tami Roman Teams Up With Jessica Rich for a Shoe Line 'With Sex Appeal' (https://footwearnews.com/2019/influencers/collaborations/tami-roman-jessica-rich-shoes-1202734907/) " (https://footwearnews.com/2019/influencers/collaborations/tami-roman-jessica-rich-shoes-1202734907/) . FootwearNews. January 24, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cardi B Wears an Ultra-Rare Vintage Dress to the Hustlers Premiere" (https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/cardi-b-wears-jean-paul-gautler-cyberdot-archive-to-hustlers-premiere) . Vogue. August 26, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FootwearNews5_13-0) "J-Lo & Cardi B Coordinate Gold Heels for 'Hustlers' Photo Call" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/fashion/celebrity-style/jennifer-lopez-casadei-pumps-cardi-b-hustlers-photo-call-1202822180/) . FootwearNews. August 26, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Of Course Jennifer Lopez Went Head-to-Toe Versace Prints for the VMA After-Party" (https://www.vogue.com/article/jennifer-lopez-wears-versace-catsuit-to-vma-afterparty) . Vogue. August 21, 2018 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FootwearNews2_15-0) "Jennifer Lopez Takes on the Full-Body Versace Suit With Clear Power Pumps at MTV VMAs After-Party" (https://footwearnews.com/2018/fashion/celebrity-style/jennifer-lopez-versace-after-party-mtv-vma-2018-1202666127/) . FootwearNews. August 21, 2018 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FootwearNews6_16-0) "J-Lo Does 4 Outfit Changes in One Day — With New, Fierce Heels Each Time" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/fashion/celebrity-style/jennifer-lopez-hustlers-nyc-stilettos-1202833422/) . FootwearNews. September 11, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FootwearNews7_17-0) "Jennifer Lopez Pops in Tangerine Dress & $200 See-Through Pumps on 'The View' (https://footwearnews.com/2019/fashion/celebrity-style/jennifer-lopez-clear-shoes-orange-dress-the-view-nyc-1202834843/) " (https://footwearnews.com/2019/fashion/celebrity-style/jennifer-lopez-clear-shoes-orange-dress-the-view-nyc-1202834843/) . FootwearNews. September 12, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-People1_18-0) "A Jenner Birthday Celebration Isn't Complete Without Totally Sheer Tops" (https://people.com/style/a-jenner-birthday-celebration-isnt-complete-without-totally-sheer-tops/) . People. November 7, 2016 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-EOnline1_19-0) "Billie Eilish Decked Out in Louis Vuitton - What the Fashion (S2, Ep27)" (https://www.eonline.com/shows/what_the_fashion/videos/297099/billie-eilish-decked-out-in-louis-vuitton-what-the-fashion-s2-ep27) . E! Online . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-EOnline2_20-0) "Kim Kardashian's Glass Slippers and More Celeb-Loved Statement Shoe Brands" (https://www.eonline.com/news/926829/kim-kardashian-s-glass-slippers-and-more-celeb-loved-statement-shoe-brands) . E! Online. April 11, 2018 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FootwearNews3_21-0) "Exclusive: This Celebrity-Favorite Brand Is Launching Men's Shoes — And They're Affordable" (https://footwearnews.com/2019/fashion/designers/jessica-rich-collection-mens-shoes-jon-b-1202763621/) . FootwearNews. March 22, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-SheenMagazine1_22-0) "Jessica Rich x Macy's Collab – 5 New Styles to be Launched" (https://www.sheenmagazine.com/jessica-rich-x-macys-collab-5-new-styles-to-be-launched/) . SheenMagazine. August 14, 2019 . Retrieved October 15, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Jessica Rich (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2306777/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) The Jessica Rich Shoe Collection (https://jessicarich.com/?keyword=jessica%20rich&matchtype=e&adposition=&device=c&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIpZCs26z45wIVFcRkCh2NCQggEAAYASAAEgJPqvD_BwE) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐hrcpm Cached time: 20240712133405 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.384 seconds Real time usage: 0.489 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2567/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40731/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1190/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 84018/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.220/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6401220/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 437.628 1 -total 41.19% 180.253 1 Template:Reflist 35.46% 155.178 22 Template:Cite_web 28.19% 123.354 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 16.34% 71.488 1 Template:Short_description 9.42% 41.241 2 Template:Pagetype 7.99% 34.956 18 Template:Main_other 5.54% 24.254 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.21% 18.428 1 Template:IMDb_name 3.74% 16.351 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62143761-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712133405 and revision id 1187376861. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Rich_(designer)&oldid=1187376861 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Rich_(designer)&oldid=1187376861) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1984 births (/wiki/Category:1984_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) African-American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:African-American_fashion_designers) People from Grand Rapids, Michigan (/wiki/Category:People_from_Grand_Rapids,_Michigan) American women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers) 21st-century African-American people (/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_people) 20th-century African-American people (/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from December 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_December_2019) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) |
Christian monastic garment See also: Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism (/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism) Saint Jonah of Kiev (1802–1902), a Ukrainian Orthodox Saint wearing the analavos, representing the order of the Great Schema, the highest monastic degree. The Analavos of the Great Schema ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Ανάλαβος του Μεγαλοσχήμου ) is a distinctive vestment (/wiki/Vestment) worn only by the highest degree (/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism) of monastics (/wiki/Christian_monasticism) in Eastern Orthodox Christianity (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy) , emblematic of their monastic habit (/wiki/Monastic_habit) . It is a symbol of their total devotion to the cross (/wiki/Cross_of_Jesus) and to the Orthodox Faith, and is adorned with the Instruments of the Passion (/wiki/Instruments_of_the_Passion) and other religious symbols. [1] (#cite_note-1) Description [ edit ] The word analavos ( Analav in Church Slavonic (/wiki/Church_Slavonic) ) comes from the Greek αναλαμβάνω , meaning "to take up." [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) This phrase comes from Luke 9 (/wiki/Luke_9) :23, "Then he said to them all: 'Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross daily and follow me.'" [3] (#cite_note-3) A garment called simply the Many Crosses ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Πολυσταύριον , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek) : Polystavrion ) serves to hold the analavos in place and can reach from the ankles to the neck. [4] (#cite_note-4) The garment itself takes the form of a cross (/wiki/True_Cross) when worn, spreading over the wearer's shoulders and front and back torso. The crosses on the analavos represent a Christian monk's constant crucifixion with Christ (/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus) , a scriptural theme present in Paul's Epistles (/wiki/Paul%27s_Epistles) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Symbology [ edit ] The Analavos of the Great Schema contains many symbols which glorify the cross and Passion of Christ (/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Not all the symbols listed are present on every analavos, and there may be additional ones. Symbols on the analavos Symbol Expanded English Meaning ΙC XC NIKΑ Ιησούς Χριστός νικά Jesus Christ (/wiki/Jesus_Christ) Conquers A common phrase written in iconographic images, reinforcing that Christ overcame death. ΤΤΔΦ Τετιμημένον τρόπαιον δαιμόνων φρίκη An honored trophy, the dread of demons "An honored trophy" is referring to the Cross, which has power over demons. ΡΡΔΡ Ρητορικοτέρα ρητόρων δακρύων ροή A flow of tears more eloquent than orators ΧΧΧΧ Χριστός Χριστιανοίς Χαρίζει Χάριν Christ bestows Grace (/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity) upon Christians ξΓΘΗ Ξύλου γεύσις θάνατον ηγαγεν The tasting of the tree has brought about death In the story of Genesis (/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative) , Adam and Eve's eating of the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil (/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil) brought about theirs and all of mankind's mortality and death. CξζE Σταυρού Ξύλω ζωήν εύρομεν Through the Tree of the Cross we have found life "The Tree" refers to the tree which was made in the Cross. While the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil brought about death, the Tree of the Cross brings about life to those who partake of it. EEEE Ελένης εύρημα εύρηκεν Εδέμ The discovery of Helen (/wiki/Helena,_mother_of_Constantine_I) has uncovered Eden (/wiki/Paradise) Referring to Saint Helen (/wiki/Helena,_mother_of_Constantine_I) who discovered the True Cross (/wiki/True_Cross) in Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) in AD 320. ΦΧΦΠ Φως Χριστού φαίνοι πάσι The light of Christ illumines all ΘΘΘΘ Θεού Θέα Θείον Θαύμα The vision of God, a Divine wonder ΑΔΑΜ Αδάμ Adam (/wiki/Adam) The skull is that of Adam, the first man, who dies. Christ is the New Adam who replaced the old and brought life to all. ΤCΔΦ Τύπον Σταυρού δαίμονες φρίττουσιν Demons dread the sign of the Cross ΤΚΠΓ Τόπος Κρανίου Παράδεισος γέγονε The Place of the Skull (/wiki/Golgatha) has become Paradise Golgatha (where Christ of crucified; literally "the place of the skull") is now the place where Heaven and Earth met, and is now the place by which all have access to Paradise. ξζ Ξύλον Ζωής Tree of Life The Tree of Life is another name for "the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ" (Galatians 6:14), upon which "all day long…[He] stretched forth…[His]… hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people" (Isaiah 65:2; Romans 10:21). Through the Instruments of the Passion, "the Cross of Christ" (1 Corinthians 1:17, Galatians 6:12, Philippians 3:18) became the "Tree of Life" (Genesis 2:9; 3:22-24, Proverbs 3:18, 11:30, 13:12, 15:4, Revelation 2:7, 22:2, 14), by which the Lord Jesus reified His words that, "I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in Me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in Me shall never die" (John 11:25-26). ΟΒΤΔ Ό Βασιλεύς της Δόξης The King of Glory Instead of "Jesus of Nazareth the king of the jews" (John 19:19), which "was written over Him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew" (Luke 23:38), this titulus reads, "The King of Glory" (Psalm 23:7-10), "for had they known it, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory" (1 Corinthians 2:8). Trisagion Prayers (/wiki/Trisagion_Prayers) Ἅγιος ὁ Θεός, Ἅγιος ἰσχυρός, Ἅγιος ἀθάνατος, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us One of the most important prayers in the Orthodox Church. Rooster The rooster represents "the cock [that] crowed" (Matthew 26:74, Mark 14:68, Luke 22:60, John 18:27) after Saint Peter had "denied…thrice" (John 13:38) Him Who lamented over Jerusalem: "How often have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!" (Matthew 23:37). Pillar The pillar represents the column to which Pilate bound Christ "when he…scourged Him" (Mark 15:15), "by Whose stripes we were healed" (Isaiah 53:5, 1 Peter 2:24). Crown of thorns (/wiki/Crown_of_thorns) The wreath represents the "crown of thorns" (Matthew 27:29, Mark 15:17, John 19:2) that "the soldiers platted" (John 19:2) and "put upon…[the]…head" (Matthew 27:29) of Jesus, Who freed man from having to contend against "thorns…and thistles…in the sweat of …[his]…face" (Genesis 3:18-19). Hammer and Nails The spikes at the center of the Cross and the hammer beneath its base represent the "nails" (John 20:25) and hammer with which "they pierced" (Psalm 21:16, John 19:37) "His hands and His feet" (Luke 24:40) when they "lifted up from the earth" (John 12:32) Him Who "blott[ed] out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us…[by]…nailing it to His Cross" (Colossians 2:14). Skull The base upon which the Cross stands represents "the place, which is called Calvary" (Luke 23:33), or "Golgotha, that is to say, the Place of the Skull" (Matthew 27:33), "where they crucified Him" (John 19:18) Who "wrought salvation in the midst of the earth" (Psalm 73:13). The skull and crossbones represent "the first man Adam" (1 Corinthians 15:45), who according to tradition "return[ed] unto the ground" (Genesis 3:19) at the very spot of Jesus' crucifixion, the reason that this place of execution, "full of dead men’s bones" (St. Matthew 23:27) became the place where "the last Adam was made a quickening spirit" (1 Corinthians 15:45). Titulus The plaque on top of the Cross represents the titulus, the "title" (John 19:19-20), with "the superscription of His accusation" (Mark 15:26), which "Pilate wrote" (John 19:19) "and set up over His head" (Matthew 27:37). Sponge on the reed The reed represents the "hyssop" (John 19:29) upon which was put "a sponge full of vinegar" (Mark 15:36), which was then "put to His mouth" (John 19:29) when in His "thirst they gave… [Him]…vinegar to drink" (Psalm 68:21), Him of Whom it was said that "all…wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of His mouth" (St. Luke 4:22). Spear The lance represents the "spear [that] pierced His side"; "and forthwith came there out blood and water" (John 19:34) from Him Who "took one of…[Adam’s]…ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof" (Genesis 2:21) and Who "washed us from our sins in His Own blood" (Revelation 1:5). Footstool (lower horizontal cross bean) The plaque at the bottom of the Cross represents the suppedaneum of Christ, "His footstool" (Psalm 98:5), "the place where His feet have stood" (Psalm 131:7). It is slanted because, according to one tradition, at the moment when "Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the spirit" (Mark 15:37), He allowed a violent death spasm to convulse His legs, dislodging His footrest in such a manner that one end pointed upwards, indicating that the soul of the penitent thief, Saint Dismas, "the one on His right hand" (Mark 15:27) would be "carried up into Heaven" (Luke 24:51), while the other end, pointed downwards, indicated that the soul of the impenitent thief, Gestas, "the other on His left" (Mark 15:27), would "be thrust down to Hell" (Luke 10:15), showing that all of us, "the evil and…the good. …the just and…the unjust" (Matthew 5:45), "are weighed in the balance" (Ecclesiastes 21:25) of the Cross of Christ. Ladder and Pincers The ladder and the pincers beneath the base of the Cross represent the means of deposition by which Joseph of Arimatruea, "a rich man" (Matthew 27:57) who "begged the body of Jesus" (Matthew 27:58; Luke 23:52), "took it down" (Luke 23:53), so that as in body He descended from the Cross, so in soul "He also descended first into the lower parts of the earth" (Ephesians 4:9), "by which also He went and preached unto the spirits in prison" (1 St.Peter 3:19). References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sanidopoulos, John (2010-08-02). "The Analavos of the Great Schema Explained" (https://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2010/08/analavos-of-great-schema-explained.html) . Orthodox Christianity Then and Now . Retrieved 2022-10-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hieromonk Gregory, St. Gregory Palamas Monastery (2010-06-20), "A Brief Explanation of the Symbolism of the Analabos", Απόψεις για τη Μονή Βατοπαιδίου (και όχι μόνο) (in Greek) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Bible Gateway passage: Luke 9:23 - New International Version" (https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%209%3A23&version=NIV) . Bible Gateway . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Monastic Grades" (https://www.stots.edu/article/The+Monastic+Grades) . St. Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Meaning of the Analavos of the Great Schema" (https://catalog.obitel-minsk.com/blog/2017/05/the-meaning-of-analavos-of-great-schema) . The Catalogue of Good Deeds . 2017-05-23 . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "File-Class fashion articles" The following 75 pages are in this category, out of 75 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 File talk:1910ThurnGrayVelvetDress.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:1910ThurnGrayVelvetDress.jpg) File talk:1912ThurnRosePrintSilkDress.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:1912ThurnRosePrintSilkDress.jpg) File talk:1914ThurnBlackSilkDress.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:1914ThurnBlackSilkDress.jpg) File talk:1920ThurnAfternoonDress.png (/wiki/File_talk:1920ThurnAfternoonDress.png) File talk:1920ThurnRedVelvetDress.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:1920ThurnRedVelvetDress.jpg) File talk:1932ThurnAsymetricalEveningDress.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:1932ThurnAsymetricalEveningDress.jpg) File talk:20070102 per erik strandberg balaclava arranged.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:20070102_per_erik_strandberg_balaclava_arranged.jpg) A File talk:AinuSan.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:AinuSan.jpg) File talk:Akšan.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Ak%C5%A1an.jpg) File talk:Anushka Sharma Elle India March 2013.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Anushka_Sharma_Elle_India_March_2013.jpg) File talk:Ark Clothing logo.png (/wiki/File_talk:Ark_Clothing_logo.png) B File talk:Bai 5.JPG (/wiki/File_talk:Bai_5.JPG) File talk:Balaclava as suggested fashion piece for winter 2018 - modelled by ModelTanja.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Balaclava_as_suggested_fashion_piece_for_winter_2018_-_modelled_by_ModelTanja.jpg) File talk:BathingSuit1920s.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:BathingSuit1920s.jpg) C File talk:Camp - Notes on Fashion at the Met - Burberry rainbow cape (73854).jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Camp_-_Notes_on_Fashion_at_the_Met_-_Burberry_rainbow_cape_(73854).jpg) File talk:Caroline Jurie on Siyatha News.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Caroline_Jurie_on_Siyatha_News.jpg) File talk:Catlin - Dance to the berdache.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Catlin_-_Dance_to_the_berdache.jpg) File talk:Chanel logo interlocking cs.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Chanel_logo_interlocking_cs.svg) File talk:Chanel logo-no words.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Chanel_logo-no_words.svg) File talk:Comme des Garcons at the Met (62473).jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Comme_des_Garcons_at_the_Met_(62473).jpg) File talk:Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes MET DP365520.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Crown_of_the_Virgin_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_known_as_the_Crown_of_the_Andes_MET_DP365520.jpg) D File talk:Dancing monkey.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Dancing_monkey.jpg) File talk:Daur woman smiling.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Daur_woman_smiling.jpg) File talk:Dunn's yellow rose design.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Dunn%27s_yellow_rose_design.jpg) E File talk:Emily Ratajkowski at Emmy Awards 2016.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Emily_Ratajkowski_at_Emmy_Awards_2016.jpg) File talk:Ethic Dong Liping Guizhou China.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Ethic_Dong_Liping_Guizhou_China.jpg) File talk:Ethnic Yi China Costume.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Ethnic_Yi_China_Costume.jpg) F File talk:Fernanda Lima in 2012.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Fernanda_Lima_in_2012.jpg) File talk:Five men wearing Ryukyuan Dress.JPG (/wiki/File_talk:Five_men_wearing_Ryukyuan_Dress.JPG) File talk:FNTM1.png (/wiki/File_talk:FNTM1.png) G File talk:Gentleman in bowler.JPG (/wiki/File_talk:Gentleman_in_bowler.JPG) File talk:GQ India logo.png (/wiki/File_talk:GQ_India_logo.png) File talk:Green dress of Keira Knightley.png (/wiki/File_talk:Green_dress_of_Keira_Knightley.png) H File talk:Hanbok (female and male).jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Hanbok_(female_and_male).jpg) File talk:Heartshapedsunglasses.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Heartshapedsunglasses.jpg) I File talk:IE-Army-OR2.png (/wiki/File_talk:IE-Army-OR2.png) File talk:IE-Army-OR3.png (/wiki/File_talk:IE-Army-OR3.png) File talk:IE-Army-OR6.png (/wiki/File_talk:IE-Army-OR6.png) J File talk:J. Press logo.png (/wiki/File_talk:J._Press_logo.png) File talk:Jmweston.png (/wiki/File_talk:Jmweston.png) File talk:JohnstonAndMurphy.png (/wiki/File_talk:JohnstonAndMurphy.png) K File talk:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage Talismanic shirt.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Khalili_Collection_Hajj_and_Arts_of_Pilgrimage_Talismanic_shirt.jpg) File talk:Kit left arm MCC.png (/wiki/File_talk:Kit_left_arm_MCC.png) File talk:Karolina Kurkova 2011 Shankbone.JPG (/wiki/File_talk:Karolina_Kurkova_2011_Shankbone.JPG) L File talk:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg) File talk:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg) File talk:Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg) File talk:Legion Honneur GO ribbon.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon.svg) File talk:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg) M File talk:Mahdist in the Khalifa's house, Omdurman, Sudan.png (/wiki/File_talk:Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house,_Omdurman,_Sudan.png) File talk:Marilyn Monroe photo pose Seven Year Itch.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Marilyn_Monroe_photo_pose_Seven_Year_Itch.jpg) File talk:Merle Norman Day Spa Chinook Calgary.png (/wiki/File_talk:Merle_Norman_Day_Spa_Chinook_Calgary.png) File talk:MNC Alt logo.png (/wiki/File_talk:MNC_Alt_logo.png) File talk:Mongolian Musician.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Mongolian_Musician.jpg) File talk:Mrs. World 2020 - Caroline Jurie.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Mrs._World_2020_-_Caroline_Jurie.jpg) File talk:Musée Galliera, Paris 21 July 2017.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Mus%C3%A9e_Galliera,_Paris_21_July_2017.jpg) N File talk:Nadun Picture 1.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Nadun_Picture_1.jpg) File talk:NOLH Streamer.JPG (/wiki/File_talk:NOLH_Streamer.JPG) O File talk:Old peasant with dagger and long smoking pipe, Mestia, Svanetia, Georgia (Republic).jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Old_peasant_with_dagger_and_long_smoking_pipe,_Mestia,_Svanetia,_Georgia_(Republic).jpg) P File talk:People of Tibet46.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:People_of_Tibet46.jpg) S File talk:Selburose-sweater.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Selburose-sweater.jpg) File talk:Serpent Belt.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Serpent_Belt.jpg) File talk:Shinto married couple.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Shinto_married_couple.jpg) T File talk:Tao1.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Tao1.jpg) File talk:Tapestry logo.svg (/wiki/File_talk:Tapestry_logo.svg) File talk:That Dress.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:That_Dress.jpg) File talk:Tujia women.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Tujia_women.jpg) U File talk:US6281.png (/wiki/File_talk:US6281.png) V File talk:Vietnam 2011.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Vietnam_2011.jpg) File talk:Vogue India logo.gif (/wiki/File_talk:Vogue_India_logo.gif) W File talk:Weeki Wachee spring 10079u.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Weeki_Wachee_spring_10079u.jpg) Z File talk:Zhuang's beautiful maiden in Chongzuo Fusui.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:Zhuang%27s_beautiful_maiden_in_Chongzuo_Fusui.jpg) ᄀ File talk:경주 부부총 금귀걸이.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:%EA%B2%BD%EC%A3%BC_%EB%B6%80%EB%B6%80%EC%B4%9D_%EA%B8%88%EA%B7%80%EA%B1%B8%EC%9D%B4.jpg) ᄉ File talk:서봉총 금관 금제드리개.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:%EC%84%9C%EB%B4%89%EC%B4%9D_%EA%B8%88%EA%B4%80_%EA%B8%88%EC%A0%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EA%B0%9C.jpg) 贵 File talk:贵州黔东南苗族女性（a Miao woman in Qiandongnan，Guizhou）.jpg (/wiki/File_talk:%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E9%BB%94%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%88a_Miao_woman_in_Qiandongnan%EF%BC%8CGuizhou%EF%BC%89.jpg) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:File-Class_fashion_articles&oldid=948832468 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:File-Class_fashion_articles&oldid=948832468) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion articles by quality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_by_quality) File-Class articles (/wiki/Category:File-Class_articles) Hidden categories: Template Category class with class parameter matching title (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_class_with_class_parameter_matching_title) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC) |
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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Holden+Bierman%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Holden+Bierman%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Holden+Bierman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Holden+Bierman%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Holden+Bierman%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Holden+Bierman%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Holden+Bierman%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Holden+Bierman%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Holden_Bierman) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Holden_Bierman&defaults=y) Declined by GraziePrego (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:GraziePrego) 3 months ago. Last edited by 71.65.239.231 (/w/index.php?title=User:71.65.239.231&action=edit&redlink=1) 27 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:71.65.239.231&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 25 September 2023 by Tagishsimon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Tagishsimon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tagishsimon) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. Declined by Tagishsimon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Tagishsimon) 9 months ago. Submission declined on 21 September 2023 by Cabrils (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cabrils) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Cabrils) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. Declined by Cabrils (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cabrils) 9 months ago. Comment: I'm not convinced that the refs amount to WP:GNG (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG) for this subject. Nor is bullshit like " go-to beach vacation brand" acceptable for a wikipedia article. This article currently seems like PR bordering on SPAM. You need more than minimal PR articles to float a WP biography. Tagishsimon (/wiki/User:Tagishsimon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tagishsimon) ) 20:53, 25 September 2023 (UTC) Comment: Well done on creating the draft, and it may potentially meet the relevant requirements (including WP:GNG (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG) , WP:ANYBIO (/wiki/Wikipedia:ANYBIO) , WP:PROF (/wiki/Wikipedia:PROF) ) but presently it is not clear that it does. As you may know, Wikipedia's basic requirement for entry is that the subject is notable . Essentially subjects are presumed notable if they have received significant coverage in multiple published secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) that are reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , intellectually independent of each other, and independent of the subject (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) . To properly create such a draft page, please see the articles 'Your First Article' (/wiki/Help:YFA) , 'Referencing for Beginners' (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and 'Easier Referencing for Beginners' (/wiki/Wikipedia:ERB) . Please note that some of the references are not formatted correctly (see Wikipedia's Manual of Style (/wiki/Wikipedia:MOS) for help). Additionally, the draft tends to read too much like a CV, which Wikipedia is not (/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT) . Also, if you have any connection to the subject, including being paid, you have a conflict of interest (/wiki/Wikipedia:COI) that you must declare on your Talk page (to see instructions on how to do this please click the link). Please familiarise yourself with these pages before amending the draft. If you feel you can meet these requirements (it would help our volunteer reviewers by identifying, on the draft's talk page (/wiki/Draft_talk:Holden_Bierman) , the WP:THREE (/wiki/Wikipedia:THREE) best sources that establish notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:N) of the subject) then resubmit the page and leave a note for me on my talk page (/wiki/User_talk:Cabrils) and I would be happy to reassess. Cabrils (/wiki/User:Cabrils) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Cabrils) ) 01:36, 21 September 2023 (UTC) American Entrepreneur Holden Bierman (born August 11th , 2007) is the founder and CEO of Coastal Cool, a sustainable beachwear and swimwear company. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Holden is a teen entrepreneur, known for his work in creating Coastal Cool at only 12 years old. [3] (#cite_note-3) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) Holden is a student at Fuquay-Varina High School. [5] (#cite_note-5) Holden has a large amount of philanthropic involvement in the town of Fuquay-Varina NC, as a student and business owner. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Holden started Coastal Cool with a small-loan of $500 from his parents, in his 6th grade year of middle-school. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Coastal Cool offers sustainable fabrics, made from recycled plastic bottles. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) WRAL (2024-05-29). "Fuquay-Varina teen launches swimwear and beachwear clothing line made from plastic bottles" (https://www.wral.com/video/fuquay-varina-teen-launches-swimwear-and-beachwear-clothing-line-made-from-plastic-bottles/21456023/) . WRAL.com . Retrieved 2024-06-20 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Harris, Meggen. "Coastal Cool: How This Gen-Z Founder Created His Brand At 12" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/meggenharris/2024/04/10/coastal-cool-how-this-genz-founder-created-his-brand-at-twelve/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2024-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) WRAL (2024-05-29). "Fuquay-Varina teen launches swimwear and beachwear clothing line made from plastic bottles" (https://www.wral.com/video/fuquay-varina-teen-launches-swimwear-and-beachwear-clothing-line-made-from-plastic-bottles/21456023/) . WRAL.com . Retrieved 2024-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cómo este emprendedor de la Generación Z creó su marca a los 12 años" (https://es-us.finanzas.yahoo.com/noticias/emprendedor-generaci%C3%B3n-z-cre%C3%B3-marca-114400202.html) . Yahoo Finance (in Spanish). 2024-04-12 . Retrieved 2024-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Standout Students: Holden Bierman | Main & Broad" (https://www.mainandbroadmag.com/life-and-style/standout-students-holden-bierman/) . 2023-05-30 . Retrieved 2024-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) WRAL (2024-05-29). "Fuquay-Varina teen launches swimwear and beachwear clothing line made from plastic bottles" (https://www.wral.com/video/fuquay-varina-teen-launches-swimwear-and-beachwear-clothing-line-made-from-plastic-bottles/21456023/) . WRAL.com . Retrieved 2024-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) ELSBERRY, Audrey (2024-04-04). "Local Swimwear Company Aims To Clean Ocean's Plastic With New Partnership" (https://www.wilmingtonbiz.com/local_swimwear_company_aims_to_clean_oceans_plastic_with_new_partnership/2024/04/04/local_swimwear_company_aims_to_clean_oceans_plastic_with_new_partnership/25481) . Wilmington Business Journal . Retrieved 2024-05-05 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Holden Bierman - Forbes Ecuador" (https://www.forbes.com.ec/tags/holden-bierman-t26806) . www.forbes.com.ec . Retrieved 2024-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bhat, Uma (2023-07-24). "Fuquay teenager turns $500 into beachwear business" (https://www.bizjournals.com/triangle/inno/stories/news/2023/07/24/fuquay-teenager-turns-500-into-beachwear-business.html) . www.bizjournals.com . Retrieved 2024-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) WRAL (2024-05-29). "Holden Bierman launches sustainable clothing line" (https://www.wral.com/business/image/21456038/) . WRAL.com . Retrieved 2024-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Spencer, Renee (2023-08-07). "Carolina Beach inspires teen to create clothing company with focus on recycled materials" (https://www.yahoo.com/news/carolina-beach-inspires-teen-create-090339500.html) . Yahoo News . Retrieved 2024-05-05 . 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2010 platform shoe by Alexander McQueen Side view of an armadillo shoe, covered in iridescent paillettes (/wiki/Paillette) made to look like scales, from the show's final outfit, "Neptune's Daughter" The armadillo shoe (alternately armadillo heel or armadillo boot ) is a high fashion platform shoe (/wiki/Platform_shoe) created by British fashion designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) for his final collection, Plato's Atlantis (Spring/Summer 2010). Only 24 pairs exist: 21 were made during the initial production in 2009, and three were made in 2015 for a charity auction (/wiki/Charity_auction) . The shoes are named for their unusual convex curved shape, said to resemble an armadillo (/wiki/Armadillo) . Each pair is approximately 12 inches (30 cm) from top to sole, with a 9-inch (23 cm) stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) ; this extreme height caused some models to refuse to walk in the Plato's Atlantis show. American singer Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) famously wore the shoes in several public appearances, including the music video (/wiki/Music_video) for her 2009 single " Bad Romance (/wiki/Bad_Romance) ". Critical response to the armadillo heels was extensive, both immediately following the show and in retrospect. They are considered iconic in the context of the Plato's Atlantis show, McQueen's body of work, and in fashion history in general. Critics have referred to them as both grotesque and beautiful, sometimes in the same review. Much of the negative criticism focused on the height of the heel, which has been viewed as impractical, even unsafe. Other writers have explored the shoes as artistic statements. Pairs of armadillo heels have been featured in museum exhibitions, most prominently in the McQueen retrospective Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) , first shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in 2011. Background [ edit ] Clothing from Plato's Atlantis on display at Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) , Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , 2015 British designer Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) was known in the fashion industry for dramatic, theatrical fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) featuring imaginative, sometimes controversial designs. [1] (#cite_note-BBCSixWays-1) He had designed extreme footwear for previous collections, including high platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) inspired by the Japanese geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) and Venetian chopine (/wiki/Chopine) for his Spring/Summer 2008 collection, La Dame Bleue , and houndstooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) platforms for Autumn/Winter 2009, The Horn of Plenty . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) For his Spring/Summer 2010 collection, Plato's Atlantis , McQueen took inspiration from climate change (/wiki/Climate_change) and Charles Darwin's theory of evolution (/wiki/Charles_Darwin%27s_theory_of_evolution) , envisioning a world where humans evolved to survive underwater after global flooding (/wiki/Global_flood) . The collection was presented on the catwalk at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) on 6 October 2009. [4] (#cite_note-:25-4) The show began with designs that used earth tones (/wiki/Earth_tone) and digitally printed animal skin patterns (/wiki/Animal_print) to invoke the appearance of land animals, and gradually transitioned into designs featuring abstract prints in aqua and blue, suggesting that the models were adapting to an increasingly submerged planet. [5] (#cite_note-:23-5) [4] (#cite_note-:25-4) [6] (#cite_note-6) The show's final outfit, entitled "Neptune's Daughter", was covered entirely in enormous blue-green opalescent (/wiki/Opalescent) sequins, including the matching armadillo shoes. The outfit represented the final stage of humanity's adaptation to an underwater environment. [7] (#cite_note-7) It was worn on the runway by Polina Kasina, who had long been McQueen's fit model (/wiki/Fit_model) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Plato's Atlantis was McQueen's final fully realised collection; he died by suicide in 2010. [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) [10] (#cite_note-BBCobit-10) Design [ edit ] Sketch showing the interior construction of the armadillo boot, Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , 2009 The armadillo shoes are almost 12 inches (30 cm) from top to sole, with a 9-inch (23 cm) spike heel (/wiki/Spike_heel) . [11] (#cite_note-:13-11) [12] (#cite_note-:7-12) The vertical body of the shoe is shaped in a convex curve, which has been compared to the silhouette of an armadillo (/wiki/Armadillo) , lobster (/wiki/Lobster) claw, or animal hoof. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [14] (#cite_note-:17-14) Their shape is generally regarded as unique in high fashion, although museum curator Helen Persson found a precedent in the shape of Persian riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) of the 16th century. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-:18-16) The shoe hides the entire foot from ankle to toe, creating the illusion that the wearer is walking en pointe (/wiki/En_pointe) in the manner of a ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina) . [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) [18] (#cite_note-:24-18) In actuality the ball of the foot (/wiki/Ball_of_the_foot) rests at an angle on a concealed platform, with a small bulge above the toe to facilitate lifting the heavy shoe to walk. [19] (#cite_note-:4-19) In keeping with the animalistic theme of the collection, each pair is uniquely decorated in animal skin such as python skin (/wiki/Python_skin) or shagreen (/wiki/Shagreen) (rawhide from the cowtail stingray (/wiki/Cowtail_stingray) ), or iridescent paillettes (/wiki/Paillette) resembling scales. [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) [20] (#cite_note-:3-20) [21] (#cite_note-:2-21) History [ edit ] Development and runway show [ edit ] McQueen sketched the initial idea for the shoes in early 2009, taking inspiration from the work of British pop artist (/wiki/Pop_art) Allen Jones (/wiki/Allen_Jones_(artist)) and Australian fashion designer Leigh Bowery (/wiki/Leigh_Bowery) . [14] (#cite_note-:17-14) [22] (#cite_note-:22-22) He commissioned shoe designer Georgina Goodman to realise the concept. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) [23] (#cite_note-:11-23) Each pair was hand-carved from wood in Italy. [21] (#cite_note-:2-21) The Daily Beast (/wiki/The_Daily_Beast) reported that the complex manufacturing process "spanned five days and involved 30 people, using material from three suppliers and passing through three factories". [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) The inner lining and outer shell were shaped separately and fitted together; each section required two zippers for access. [21] (#cite_note-:2-21) For the original collection, 21 pairs were made, 20 of which were worn during the Plato's Atlantis October 2009 fashion show. [5] (#cite_note-:23-5) [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) Designed as showpieces (/wiki/Showpiece) , the shoes were never commercially produced, although many were sold to private buyers following the show. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [21] (#cite_note-:2-21) The Alexander McQueen Archive in London retains ownership of at least five pairs, including the pair covered with iridescent scales worn in the final outfit of the show. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011185–186,_189,_194,_213,_232,_234–235-24) The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) (The Met) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) owns two pairs, one made from turquoise shagreen and another in black leather with metal accents. [19] (#cite_note-:4-19) [20] (#cite_note-:3-20) The unusual shape made walking in the shoes notoriously difficult. The show's producer, Sam Gainsbury, tested them the night before the show and found walking impossible. When she complained of this to McQueen and suggested the models were at risk of falling, the designer responded, "If they fall, they fall." [25] (#cite_note-25) In the end, models Abbey Lee Kershaw (/wiki/Abbey_Lee_Kershaw) , Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) and Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) all declined to walk in Plato's Atlantis because of their concerns that the heels were too high to be safe. [26] (#cite_note-:14-26) In the 2018 documentary McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(2018_film)) model Magdalena Frąckowiak (/wiki/Magdalena_Fr%C4%85ckowiak) said that she found walking in them "really frightening". [27] (#cite_note-:12-27) Despite these concerns, no models fell at the show, which was regarded as "miraculous" by the fashion press. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [28] (#cite_note-:15-28) Shortly after the Plato's Atlantis show, staffers from British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue tested the shoes and found them difficult to walk in. [11] (#cite_note-:13-11) Months after the show McQueen confirmed in an interview with trade journal Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) that he had never tested the armadillos personally. [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) He made it clear that he was far less concerned with practicality than with visual effect, saying elsewhere, "The world needs fantasy, not reality. We have enough reality today." [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) Celebrity wear [ edit ] Lady Gaga on The Monster Ball Tour (/wiki/The_Monster_Ball_Tour) in 2010 Celebrities have worn armadillo heels for red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) appearances and photoshoots. The first of these was in November 2009, when British socialite Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) wore a pair in nude-coloured leather and reported that they were "surprisingly comfortable". [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) Guinness also wore a pair of snakeskin armadillo boots in a shoot for Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) in February 2010. [31] (#cite_note-31) American singer Kelis (/wiki/Kelis) wore another nude leather pair on the red carpet in January 2010. [32] (#cite_note-32) American actress Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) wore a tan pair on the April 2010 cover of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) American singer Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , who became a friend of McQueen's shortly before his suicide, premiered her 2009 single " Bad Romance (/wiki/Bad_Romance) " at the Plato's Atlantis show. For the single's music video (/wiki/Music_video) , released November 2009, Gaga wore the opalescent "Neptune's Daughter" outfit that closed the Plato's Atlantis show, including the matching armadillo shoes. [35] (#cite_note-:20-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) Gaga wore a pair of armadillo heels in python skin when she arrived at the MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2010_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) in September 2010; she described this look in 2018 as the top outfit of her career. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Later that month, she wore the same pair with a dress made of hair for a performance at The Oak Room (/wiki/Oak_Room_(Plaza_Hotel)) at New York's Plaza Hotel (/wiki/Plaza_Hotel) . [39] (#cite_note-39) Three brand-new pairs were created in 2015 by McQueen's label (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) in partnership with Christie's (/wiki/Christie%27s) auction house, which sold them to raise money for the UNICEF (/wiki/UNICEF) 2015 Nepal earthquake (/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquake) relief fund. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) Initially expected to sell for US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 10–15 ,000 all together, they eventually sold for a combined total of $295,000. All three pairs were sold to American actor Taylor Kinney (/wiki/Taylor_Kinney) , who gifted them to Lady Gaga, then his fiancée. [40] (#cite_note-40) In 2016 Gaga was the guest editor for the Spring preview issue of V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) magazine, which featured a photoshoot of herself and Guinness wearing armadillo heels. [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) Reception and cultural legacy [ edit ] There is no diamond, no award, nothing I ever wanted more than a memory of my brief friendship with McQueen. I am sad every day that I enter my closet, knowing he is not here anymore to dazzle the world with his beautiful, dark, limitless, brave mind. These shoes are the only tangible piece I have left of our work together. Lady Gaga, letter to V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) magazine after being given the shoes, 2015 [43] (#cite_note-43) Critical reaction to the armadillo shoes was immediate and polarised. Many reviewers described them as both grotesque and beautiful in the same breath. [12] (#cite_note-:7-12) [44] (#cite_note-:9-44) They were particularly noted for their complete visual departure from the natural structure of the human foot. [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-:10-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) Critics often described the models as looking alien, monstrous, or inhuman while wearing them. [28] (#cite_note-:15-28) [48] (#cite_note-:16-48) They are often described as an iconic element of the Plato's Atlantis collection and of McQueen's body of work in general. [16] (#cite_note-:18-16) [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) In 2012, British Vogue called them one of the 20 all-time most iconic shoes. [51] (#cite_note-51) Although there was some criticism of their appearance, much of the negative reaction centered on the perceived impracticality of walking in the armadillo heels. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [48] (#cite_note-:16-48) Some critics labelled the impractical design a feminist (/wiki/Feminism) issue, pointing out that female models were being expected to walk in extreme heels designed by a man. [26] (#cite_note-:14-26) [52] (#cite_note-52) Costume design (/wiki/Costume_design) professor Deborah Bell wrote that they transformed the model into a "hunted victim". [53] (#cite_note-:21-53) Dress from Plato's Atlantis at Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse at Musée des beaux-arts du Québec. Headdress and replica armadillo shoes by Michael Schmidt (/wiki/Michael_Schmidt_(designer)) . Critics viewing them in retrospect have described their effect on high fashion footwear as groundbreaking. [46] (#cite_note-:10-46) [53] (#cite_note-:21-53) By 2010, fashion journalists (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) were crediting the armadillo heels as one source of a trend towards extreme high heels both on the runway and in everyday fashion. [28] (#cite_note-:15-28) [54] (#cite_note-54) In 2018, Aria Darcella argued in Fashionista (/wiki/Fashionista_(website)) that "never in fashion has a shoe eclipsed the rest of a collection". [44] (#cite_note-:9-44) Later that year, in an article that celebrated deliberately unappealing fashion, The Paris Review (/wiki/The_Paris_Review) called them "aggressively ugly" while noting that they had "forever change[d] footwear." [12] (#cite_note-:7-12) Writing for the American edition of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in 2020, Steff Yotka described them as "the progenitor of our obsession with really quite bizarre footwear". [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) Since their debut, the armadillo shoes have been featured in four museum exhibitions. Several pairs from the Alexander McQueen Archive were featured at Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) , a retrospective exhibition of McQueen's work, which appeared at The Met in 2011 and the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) (V&A) of London in 2015. [21] (#cite_note-:2-21) [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2011185–186,_189,_194,_213,_232,_234–235-24) The shoes also appeared in the 2015 V&A exhibition Shoes: Pleasure and Pain. [23] (#cite_note-:11-23) [55] (#cite_note-55) In 2017, Kelis lent her pair to the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) for a fashion exhibition entitled Items: Is Fashion Modern? [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) For the 2022 exhibition Lee Alexander McQueen: Mind, Mythos, Muse (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Alexander_McQueen:_Mind,_Mythos,_Muse&action=edit&redlink=1) , first shown at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art) , designer Michael Schmidt (/wiki/Michael_Schmidt_(designer)) was commissioned to make several replica pairs from various materials, including candy wrappers, broken CDs (/wiki/CD) , and Swarovski crystals (/wiki/Swarovski_crystals) . [59] (#cite_note-59) In 2019 Kerry Taylor Auctions (/wiki/Kerry_Taylor_(businesswoman)#Career) reported selling a pair of armadillo heels in turquoise shagreen for £ (/wiki/Pound_sterling) 60,000 . [60] (#cite_note-60) For the Spring/Summer 2024 Alexander McQueen pre-collection, the brand introduced a line of shoes with curved heels inspired by the shape of the armadillo shoes. [61] (#cite_note-61) Analysis [ edit ] A relevé (/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet#Relevé) or rise en pointe in a pointe shoe (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) Some writers have explored the artistic and cultural implications of the armadillo heels. Their existence as impractical but visually striking footwear has been used to support the argument that fashion is an art form in its own right. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) Writing for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) in 2009, Amanda Fortini connected their immense height to the so-called hemline theory (/wiki/Hemline_theory) , which posits that fashion designs tend to reflect the state of the economy. She suggested that the extreme heels on the armadillo boots reflected an attempt to "lift our collective spirits" given the impact of the Great Recession of 2008 (/wiki/Great_Recession) . [28] (#cite_note-:15-28) Fashion historians Beth Dincuff Charleston and Francesca Granata have each argued, in 2010 and 2017 respectively, that the shoes function closer to medical or corrective devices than footwear. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) [62] (#cite_note-:8-62) Mass media (/wiki/Mass_media) theorist Paul Hegarty (/wiki/Paul_Hegarty_(musician)) discussed Lady Gaga's use of the armadillo heels in her "Bad Romance" video as a combination of dominance and submission (/wiki/Dominance_and_submission) : their height restricts Gaga's movement, indicating submissiveness, but her ability to walk in them indicates a subversive (/wiki/Subversion) kind of dominance. In this way, the video "looks at complicity with controls as a way of surmounting them". [63] (#cite_note-63) In 2014 Isabelle Szmigin and Maria Piacentini discussed them as an example of how high fashion concepts – in this case, extremely high heels – are absorbed into popular culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) and then spread to individuals, affecting their desires and behaviour as consumers (/wiki/Consumer_behaviour) . [64] (#cite_note-64) Shahidha Bari (/wiki/Shahidha_Bari) , professor of fashion cultures, described them in 2020 as a parody of a ballerina's pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) : "gorgeous and cruel, but it also makes explicit the mercilessness of the pointe shoe". [18] (#cite_note-:24-18) Philosopher Gwenda-Lin Grewal called them an example of surrealist (/wiki/Surrealism) high comedy in fashion, comparing them to the absurdist shoe hat (/wiki/Shoe_hat) created by Italian designer Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) in 1937. [65] (#cite_note-65) [66] (#cite_note-66) Performance scholar Franziska Bork Petersen picked up the thread of Charleston and Granata's arguments in her book Body Utopianism (2022), analysing the armadillo shoes as analogous to prosthetics (/wiki/Prosthesis) in their altering of the human form. [67] (#cite_note-:26-67) Petersen noted that while watching the runway show, the distinctive gait of the models wearing the armadillo heels became a visual norm, and that the more typical gait of models wearing other shoes "stand out in their otherness". [67] (#cite_note-:26-67) She argues that their ability to wear the difficult shoes proficiently makes them "technicians" on the runway, and that it is the movement of the models which completes the visual impact of the shoe. [68] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2022254-68) She situates the unusual shape of the shoe as typical of fashion rather than an outlier, arguing that throughout the history of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) , clothing and footwear have significantly altered the natural shape of the human body. [68] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2022254-68) Although she critiques the armadillo shoes for existing as commercial rather than strictly artistic objects, Petersen concludes that the radical alteration the shoes make to the appearance of the body can "open up the possibility to encounter the familiar human body as strange", allowing for unconventional ideas of beauty to emerge in the viewer. [69] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2022260–263-69) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-BBCSixWays_1-0) Vaidyanathan, Rajini (12 February 2010). "Six ways Alexander McQueen changed fashion" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) . BBC Magazine (/wiki/BBC_Magazine) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100222201747/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8511404.stm) from the original on 22 February 2010 . Retrieved 6 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Chopine" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/museumofsavagebeauty/mcq/chopine/) . The Museum of Savage Beauty . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210416093043/https://www.vam.ac.uk/museumofsavagebeauty/mcq/chopine/) from the original on 16 April 2021 . Retrieved 6 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Mower, Sarah (9 March 2009). "Alexander McQueen Fall 2009 ready-to-wear collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2009-ready-to-wear/alexander-mcqueen) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210306151543/https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2009-ready-to-wear/alexander-mcqueen) from the original on 6 March 2021 . 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"Lady Gaga reveals what she thinks is her 'No. 1 Look' ever – and it's very iconic" (https://www.etonline.com/lady-gaga-reveals-what-she-thinks-is-her-no-1-look-ever-and-its-very-iconic-109590) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . CBS Media Ventures (/wiki/CBS_Media_Ventures) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220424201449/https://www.etonline.com/lady-gaga-reveals-what-she-thinks-is-her-no-1-look-ever-and-its-very-iconic-109590) from the original on 24 April 2022 . Retrieved 9 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Lady Gaga's scary hairy outfit: love or hate?" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/fashion-news/lady-gaga-s-scary-hairy-dress-love-or-hate-162084) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Future plc (/wiki/Future_plc) . 30 September 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201204212237/https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/fashion-news/lady-gaga-s-scary-hairy-dress-love-or-hate-162084) from the original on 4 December 2020 . 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Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Petersen 2022 (#CITEREFPetersen2022) , p. 254. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2022260–263_69-0) Petersen 2022 (#CITEREFPetersen2022) , pp. 260–263. v t e Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) Label Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(fashion_house)) Sarah Burton (/wiki/Sarah_Burton) (former creative director) Collections (/wiki/List_of_Alexander_McQueen_collections) Early years Jack the Ripper Stalks His Victims (/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper_Stalks_His_Victims) (1992 graduation collection) Taxi Driver (/wiki/Taxi_Driver_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1993)† Nihilism (/wiki/Nihilism_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1994)‡ The Birds (/wiki/The_Birds_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1995) Highland Rape (/wiki/Highland_Rape) (A/W 1995) The Hunger (/wiki/The_Hunger_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 1996) Dante (/wiki/Dante_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1996) It's a Jungle Out There (/wiki/It%27s_a_Jungle_Out_There_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1997) Joan (/wiki/Joan_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1998) Mid-career The Overlook (/wiki/The_Overlook_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (A/W 1999) Eye (/wiki/Eye_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2000) The Dance of the Twisted Bull (/wiki/The_Dance_of_the_Twisted_Bull) (S/S 2002) Irere (/wiki/Irere_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2003) Pantheon ad Lucem (/wiki/Pantheon_ad_Lucem) (A/W 2004) Final works Neptune (/wiki/Neptune_(Alexander_McQueen_collection)) (S/S 2006) The Widows of Culloden (/wiki/The_Widows_of_Culloden) (A/W 2006) The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) (A/W 2008) Designs Armadillo shoe Bumster (/wiki/Bumster) Illusion of Kate Moss (/wiki/Illusion_of_Kate_Moss) Oyster dress (/wiki/Oyster_dress) No. 13 finale (/wiki/No._13_Finale) Union Jack coat (/wiki/Earthling_(album)) In media Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano (/wiki/Gods_and_Kings:_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Alexander_McQueen_and_John_Galliano) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(play)) (2015 play) McQueen (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) (2018 documentary film) Related articles Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) Shaun Leane (/wiki/Shaun_Leane_(jeweller)) Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII_halftime_show_controversy) ‡S/S = Spring/Summer †A/W = Autumn/Winter v t e Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Lady_Gaga) Discography (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_discography) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Lady_Gaga_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Lady_Gaga) Videography (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_videography) Studio albums The Fame (/wiki/The_Fame) The Fame Monster (/wiki/The_Fame_Monster) Born This Way (/wiki/Born_This_Way_(album)) Artpop (/wiki/Artpop) Cheek to Cheek (/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek_(album)) Joanne (/wiki/Joanne_(album)) Chromatica (/wiki/Chromatica) Love for Sale (/wiki/Love_for_Sale_(Tony_Bennett_and_Lady_Gaga_album)) Soundtracks A Star Is Born (/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(2018_soundtrack)) Top Gun: Maverick (/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick_(soundtrack)) Compilation albums The Remix (/wiki/The_Remix_(Lady_Gaga_album)) Born This Way: The Remix (/wiki/Born_This_Way:_The_Remix) Born This Way: The Collection (/wiki/Born_This_Way:_The_Collection) Dawn of Chromatica (/wiki/Dawn_of_Chromatica) Extended plays The Cherrytree Sessions (/wiki/The_Cherrytree_Sessions) Hitmixes (/wiki/Hitmixes) A Very Gaga Holiday (/wiki/A_Very_Gaga_Holiday) Concert tours The Fame Ball Tour (/wiki/The_Fame_Ball_Tour) Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga (/wiki/Fame_Kills:_Starring_Kanye_West_and_Lady_Gaga) (cancelled) The Monster Ball Tour (/wiki/The_Monster_Ball_Tour) Born This Way Ball (/wiki/Born_This_Way_Ball) ArtRave: The Artpop Ball (/wiki/ArtRave:_The_Artpop_Ball) Cheek to Cheek Tour (/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek_Tour) Joanne World Tour (/wiki/Joanne_World_Tour) The Chromatica Ball (/wiki/The_Chromatica_Ball) Promotional events ArtRave (/wiki/ArtRave) Dive Bar Tour (/wiki/Dive_Bar_Tour_(Lady_Gaga)) Residencies Lady Gaga Live at Roseland Ballroom (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Live_at_Roseland_Ballroom) Lady Gaga Enigma + Jazz & Piano (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Enigma_%2B_Jazz_%26_Piano) Documentaries Gaga: Five Foot Two (/wiki/Gaga:_Five_Foot_Two) Television Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Presents_the_Monster_Ball_Tour:_At_Madison_Square_Garden) A Very Gaga Thanksgiving (/wiki/A_Very_Gaga_Thanksgiving) Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_and_the_Muppets_Holiday_Spectacular) Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! (/wiki/Tony_Bennett_and_Lady_Gaga:_Cheek_to_Cheek_Live!) Super Bowl LI halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LI_halftime_show) One Last Time: An Evening with Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga (/wiki/One_Last_Time:_An_Evening_with_Tony_Bennett_and_Lady_Gaga) Gaga Chromatica Ball (/wiki/Gaga_Chromatica_Ball) Bibliography Lady Gaga x Terry Richardson (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_x_Terry_Richardson) Fragrances and cosmetics Lady Gaga Fame (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_Fame) Eau de Gaga (/wiki/Eau_de_Gaga) Haus Labs (/wiki/Haus_Labs) Fashion Armadillo shoe Meat dress of Lady Gaga (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) Related articles Cynthia Germanotta (/wiki/Cynthia_Germanotta) (mother) Born This Way Foundation (/wiki/Born_This_Way_Foundation) Doll Domination Tour (/wiki/Doll_Domination_Tour) Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop (/wiki/Lady_Gaga:_Queen_of_Pop) One World: Together at Home (/wiki/Together_at_Home) " Perform This Way (/wiki/Perform_This_Way) " Theatricality (/wiki/Theatricality) TechHaus Volantis (/wiki/TechHaus_Volantis) Aleiodes gaga (/wiki/Aleiodes_gaga) Gaga (plant) (/wiki/Gaga_(plant)) Gagadon (/wiki/Gagadon) Kaikaia gaga (/wiki/Kaikaia) Category (/wiki/Category:Lady_Gaga) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jl8mq Cached time: 20240721195910 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.868 seconds Real time usage: 1.030 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5007/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 180007/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5137/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 284618/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.548/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9315719/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 902.860 1 -total 54.00% 487.576 1 Template:Reflist 18.63% 168.231 36 Template:Cite_web 12.50% 112.861 5 Template:Cite_news 10.67% 96.295 19 Template:Cite_book 10.02% 90.491 1 Template:Alexander_McQueen 9.94% 89.783 2 Template:Navbox 8.42% 76.065 5 Template:Sfn 7.95% 71.789 1 Template:Short_description 5.06% 45.685 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70587156-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721195910 and revision id 1212853057. 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Ornament or badge for wearing, as on a lapel, often with a slogan or image The back and front of a pin-back button for World Yodel Day A pin-back button or pinback button , pin button , button badge , or simply pin-back or badge , is a button (/wiki/Button_(clothing)) or badge (/wiki/Badge) that can be temporarily fastened to the surface of a garment (/wiki/Garment) using a safety pin (/wiki/Safety_pin) , or a pin (/wiki/Pin) formed from wire (/wiki/Wire) , a clutch (/wiki/Clutch_(pin_fastener)) or other mechanism (/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)) . This fastening mechanism is anchored to the back side of a button-shaped metal disk, either flat or concave, which leaves an area on the front of the button to carry an image or printed message. The word is commonly associated with a campaign button (/wiki/Campaign_button) used during a political campaign (/wiki/Political_campaign) . The first design for a pin-back button in the United States was patented in 1896, and contemporary buttons have many of the same design features. History [ edit ] Badge Pin or Button, US patent (1896) [1] (#cite_note-pin-back-1) Two assembled pin-back buttons (top) and disassembled (bottom) with two different wire pins Buttons have been used around the world to allow people to personally promote/advertise their political affiliations. In 1787 Josiah Wedgwood (/wiki/Josiah_Wedgwood) of the Wedgwood pottery dynasty ordered the production of the Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion (/wiki/Wedgwood_anti-slavery_medallion) to promote the British anti-slavery movement to the House of Commons. This is believed to be the first use of a slogan on a product and a forerunner of today's political campaign button. The original was a stamp for wax but the image was later reproduced by Wedgewood as a porcelain cameo. In the United States since the first presidential inauguration (/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration) in 1789, George Washington's supporters wore buttons imprinted with a slogan (/wiki/Slogan) . These early buttons were sewn to the lapel of a coat or worn as a pendant (/wiki/Pendant) on a string. Some of the earliest campaign buttons to feature photographs were produced to promote the political platform (/wiki/Party_platform) of Abraham Lincoln (/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln) in 1860. [2] (#cite_note-2) Benjamin S. Whitehead patented the first innovation to the design in 1893 by inserting a sheet of transparent film made of celluloid (/wiki/Celluloid) over a photograph mounted on a badge (/wiki/Badge) to protect the image from scratches and abrasion. [3] (#cite_note-3) Whitehead had patents for various designs of ornamental badges and medallions (/wiki/Medal) previously, patented as early as 1892. [4] (#cite_note-4) Another patent was issued to Whitehead & Hoag on 21 July 1896 for a "Badge Pin or Button" which used a metal pin anchored to the back of the button to fasten the badge. My present invention has reference to improvements in badges for use as lapel pins or buttons, or other like uses, and has for its primary object to provide ... a novel means for connecting the ornamental shell or button to the bar or pin for securing the badge to the lapel of the coat. [1] (#cite_note-pin-back-1) Other improvements and modifications to the basic design were patented in the following years by other inventors. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Early pin-back buttons from 1898 were printed with a popular cartoon (/wiki/Cartoon) character, The Yellow Kid (/wiki/The_Yellow_Kid) , and offered as prizes (/wiki/Prize_(marketing)) with chewing gum or tobacco products to increase sales. These buttons were produced with a concave opening on the back side (which provided space to insert advertising), or with a closed back, filled with metal insert and fastener. These are called "open back" and "closed back" buttons. In 1945, the Kellogg Company (/wiki/Kellogg_Company) , the pioneer in cereal box prizes (/wiki/Cereal_box_prize) , inserted prizes in the form of pin-back buttons into each box of Pep Cereal (/wiki/Pep_Cereal) . Pep pins have included U.S. Army squadrons as well as characters from newspaper comics. There were 5 series of comic characters and 18 different buttons in each set, with a total of 90 in the collection. See also [ edit ] Badge making machine Badge (/wiki/Badge) Campaign button (/wiki/Campaign_button) Lapel pin (/wiki/Lapel_pin) Prizes (/wiki/Prize_(marketing)) Promotional merchandise (/wiki/Promotional_merchandise) Safety pin (/wiki/Safety_pin) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b U.S. patent 564,356 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US564356) "Badge Pin or Button" by George B. Adams Assignor for Whitehead & Hoag Company of New Jersey, issued 21 July 1896 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "[Presidential campaign button with portraits of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin]" (https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsca.19430/) . Library of Congress . Retrieved 2019-09-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) U.S. patent 493,003 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US493003) . (http://www.put-a-pin.pt.vu) "Device for Displaying Photographs" by Benjamin S. Whitehead, issued 7 March 1893 ^ (#cite_ref-4) U.S. patent 476,939 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US476939) Emblematic Society Badge and Rosette" Benjamin S. Whitehead, issued 14 June 1892 ^ (#cite_ref-5) U.S. patent 653,150 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US653150) "Badge-button and Pin-back Therefor" by Augustus Phelps, issued 3 July 1900 ^ (#cite_ref-6) U.S. patent 773,419 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US773419) "Backing for Display Buttons", issued 25 October 1904 by David Pudlin External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pin buttons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pin_buttons) . The Busy Beaver Button Museum (http://buttonmuseum.org/) Collection of United States Social Pinback Button (https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/11519) s. 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German menswear designer Boris Bidjan Saberi Saberi (2012) Occupation Avant Garde Fashion Designer Boris Bidjan Saberi is a German menswear designer based in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) . [1] (#cite_note-vogue-1) [2] (#cite_note-nele-2) His work is noted for its wide range of references, including skate culture (/wiki/Skateboarding) , streetstyle (/wiki/Streetstyle) , hip-hop (/wiki/Hip-hop) , and clothing from the Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) . [1] (#cite_note-vogue-1) [3] (#cite_note-dazed-3) Early life [ edit ] Saberi was born in Munich (/wiki/Munich) on 11 September 1978 [2] (#cite_note-nele-2) to a German mother and Persian father. [4] (#cite_note-zeit-4) His parents both worked in fashion, running their own label, and introduced their son to the industry early on. [4] (#cite_note-zeit-4) He studied fashion design in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , graduating in 2006. [2] (#cite_note-nele-2) Career [ edit ] While still a student, Saberi launched his first label, a leather accessory line called 'UCANFUCKW' in 2003 or 2004. [5] (#cite_note-munoz-5) After graduation, he launched his eponymous label in 2006. [1] (#cite_note-vogue-1) [4] (#cite_note-zeit-4) While he lives and works in Spain, Saberi has regularly presented his collections at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , [2] (#cite_note-nele-2) though he debuted in Barcelona. [6] (#cite_note-hint-6) The avant garde nature, sombreness, and elegant "schlampigkeit" (sloppiness) of his work has led to comparisons with Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) and Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) . [4] (#cite_note-zeit-4) In 2013, Saberi launched a secondary line called 11 by Boris Bidjan Saberi. [7] (#cite_note-7) This line features more streetwear with a sporty appearance and is generally targeting a lower price point than the products in his main line. In 2017, he was listed as one of HypeBeast's HB100, their annual list of the most influential creators in the industry. [8] (#cite_note-8) Projects [ edit ] Saberi has collaborated with fellow designers such as the eyewear (/wiki/Eyewear) designer Linda Farrow, [9] (#cite_note-9) and the Barcelona-based artisan Miguel Munoz Wilson of 'Munoz Vrandecic.' [5] (#cite_note-munoz-5) In 2014, the brand collaborated with Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) to create the Instapump Fury for Reebok's 20th anniversary. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2016, Saberi Collaborated with Geza Schoen, a Berlin-based perfumer and creator of the Eccentric Molecules line. It is inspired by the scents often found in Saberi's own atelier and has notes of vegetable tanned horse skin, which the brand is known for using in their garments. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2017, released a collaboration of eye-wear pieces with Dita. [12] (#cite_note-12) Also, Saberi began an ongoing collaboration with sports equipment manufacturing company Salomon to create shoes for the Boris Bidjan Saberi's 2017 Spring Summer collection and 11 By Boris Bidjan Saberi lines. In 2018, 11 by Boris Bidjan Saberi collaborated with American artist Phil America (/wiki/Phil_America) for their Spring/Summer 2018 collection. [13] (#cite_note-13) Collections [ edit ] 2007 - Spring/Summer 2008 collection titled "Net" (Barcelona) 2008 - Fall/Winter 2008-2009 collection titled "Kefien Liberty" (Paris) 2008 - Spring/Summer 2009 collection titled "Desert Storm" (Paris) 2009 - Fall/Winter 2009-2010 collection titled “Back Towards“ (Paris) 2009 - Spring/Summer 2010 collection titled "Straight Strength" (Paris) 2010 - Fall/Winter 2010-2011 collection titled "Primitive Sculpture" (Paris) [14] (#cite_note-14) 2010 - Spring/Summer 2011 collection titled "Mechanism" (Paris) 2011 - Spring/Summer 2011 collection titled "Kendoism" (Paris) [15] (#cite_note-15) 2011 - Fall/Winter 2011 collection titled "Blood" (Paris) [16] (#cite_note-16) 2012 - Fall/Winter 2012-2013 collection titled "Glacierism" (Paris) [17] (#cite_note-17) 2012 - Spring/Summer 2013 collection titled "Classicism" (Paris) [18] (#cite_note-18) 2013 - Fall/Winter 2013-2014 collection titled "Science Fiction" (Paris) [19] (#cite_note-19) 2013 - Launch of 11 - by Boris Bidjan Saberi - Fall/Winter 2013-2014 - titled "1" (Paris) 2014 - Spring/Summer 2014 collection titled "Sailorism" [20] (#cite_note-20) 2014 - Fall/Winter 2014-2015 collection titled "STRUCTURISM" 2015 - Spring/Summer 2015 collection titled "SYMBIOSISM" 2015 - Fall/Winter 2015-2016 collection titled "HEIMAT" 2015 - Spring/Summer 2016 collection titled "SUBSPHERE" 2016 - Fall/Winter 2016-2017 collection titled "SQUADRON" 2016 - Spring/Summer 2017 collection titled "POST HUMANISM" 2017 - Fall/Winter 2017-2018 collection titled "ANCHORISM" 2017 - Spring/Summer 2018 collection titled "ARCANISM" 2018 - Fall/Winter 2018-2019 collection titled "PAGANISM" 2018 - Spring/Summer 2019 collection titled "BRUTALISM" References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Tudor, Elisabeta (13 July 2011). "The Fashion Alchemist" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/07/13/boris-bidjan-saberi---paris-menswear) . Vogue . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Heinevetter, Nele (26 November 2010). "Avantgarde bedeutet, dass du dich aus dem Fenster lehnst" (http://www.zeit.de/lebensart/mode/2010-11/saberi-interview/seite-2) . Zeit (in German) . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-dazed_3-0) Azadi, Nabil. "Boris Bidjan Saberi A/W 10-11 Persian-German menswear designer is fighting back against the "fashion potato dumplings" of the world" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6395/1/boris-bidjan-saberi-a-w-10-11) . Dazed Digital . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Marandon, Estelle (28 June 2010). "Der Mechaniker der Avantgarde" (http://www.zeit.de/lebensart/mode/2010-06/boris-saberi-maennermode) . Zeit (in German) . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rabkin, Eugene. "Boris Bidjan Saberi x Munoz Vrandecic" (http://www.sz-mag.com/news/2013/07/boris-bidjan-saberi-x-munoz-vrandecic/) . Style Zeitgest . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-hint_6-0) Kowalinski, Michael (9 August 2010). "Men's Designer Boris Bidjan Saberi Sees a Better Future" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180411111458/http://www.hintmag.com/post/mens-designer-boris-bidjan-saberi-sees-a-better-future--august-09-2010) . Hint . Archived from the original (http://www.hintmag.com/post/mens-designer-boris-bidjan-saberi-sees-a-better-future--august-09-2010) on 11 April 2018 . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Boris Bidjan Saberi Menswear Fall Winter 2013 Paris" (https://nowfashion.com/boris-bidjan-saberi-menswear-fall-winter-2013-paris-3028) . NOWFASHION . Retrieved 2020-08-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "HB100 2017 | HYPEBEAST" (https://hypebeast.com/hb100/2017/borisbidjansaberi) . HYPEBEAST . Retrieved 2018-02-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Tudor, Elisabeta. "Boris Bidjan Saberi Menswear Fall Winter 2012 Paris" (http://nowfashion.com/boris-bidjan-saberi-menswear-fall-winter-2012-paris-1130) . NOW Fashion . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "24K x 11 by Boris Bidjan Saberi x Reebok Instapump Fury 20th Anniversary" (https://hypebeast.com/2014/3/24k-x-11-by-boris-bidjan-saberi-x-reebok-instapump-fury-20th-anniversary) . HYPEBEAST . Retrieved 2018-02-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Fall 2016 Menswear - Boris Bidjan Saberi" (http://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2016-menswear/boris-bidjan-saberi) . Vogue . Retrieved 2 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Dita previews their upcoming collaboration with Boris Bidjan Saberi" (https://www.acquiremag.com/style/dita-boris-bidjan-saberi) . Acquire . Retrieved 2 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "SS18 LOOKBOOK – 11 BY BBS" (http://www.11bybbs.com/ss18-lookbook/) . www.11bybbs.com . Retrieved 2018-02-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Boris Bidjan Saberi Men's RTW Fall 2010 - Runway, Fashion Week, Reviews and Slideshows" (http://www.wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-collections-2010/review/boris-bidjan-saberi) . WWD.com. 2010-01-23 . Retrieved 2013-09-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Boris Bidjan Saberi Men's RTW Spring 2011 - Runway, Fashion Week, Reviews and Slideshows" (http://www.wwd.com/runway/mens-spring-collections-2011/review/boris-bidjan-saberi) . WWD.com. 2010-06-26 . Retrieved 2013-09-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Boris Bidjan Saberi Men's RTW Fall 2011 - Runway, Fashion Week, Reviews and Slideshows" (http://www.wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-collections-2011/review/boris-bidjan-saberi) . WWD.com. 2011-01-22 . Retrieved 2013-09-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Read article (2012-01-20). "Boris Bidjan Saberi Menswear Fall Winter 2012 Paris" (http://nowfashion.com/20-01-2012-boris-bidjan-saberi-menswear-fall-winter-2012-paris-show-1130.html) . Nowfashion . Retrieved 2013-09-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Read article (2012-06-29). "Boris Bidjan Saberi Menswear Spring Summer 2013 Paris" (http://nowfashion.com/29-06-2012-boris-bidjan-saberi-menswear-spring-summer-2013-paris-show-2084.html) . Nowfashion . Retrieved 2013-09-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Read article (2013-01-19). "Boris Bidjan Saberi Menswear Fall Winter 2013 Paris" (http://nowfashion.com/19-01-2013-boris-bidjan-saberi-menswear-fall-winter-2013-paris-show-3028.html) . Nowfashion . Retrieved 2013-09-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Read article (2013-06-29). "Boris Bidjan Saberi Menswear Spring Summer 2014 Paris" (http://nowfashion.com/29-06-2013-boris-bidjan-saberi-menswear-spring-summer-2014-paris-show-3897.html) . Nowfashion . Retrieved 2013-09-28 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.borisbidjansaberi.com) Azadi, Nabil (15 May 2011). "A Conversation with Boris Bidjan Saberi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150206224526/http://slamxhype.com/featured/a-conversation-with-boris-bidjan-saberi/) . SlamXHype. Archived from the original (http://slamxhype.com/featured/a-conversation-with-boris-bidjan-saberi/) on 6 February 2015 . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . Azadi, Nabil. "Boris Bidjan Saberi Interview Talking isolation, teaching and balance" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120908055509/http://post-new.com/#feature=node/120#feature=node/120) . Post New. Archived from the original (http://post-new.com/#feature=node/120) on 2012-09-08 . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . 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American fashion designer This article is about a New York fashion designer. For the Mexican politician, see Mario Moya Palencia (/wiki/Mario_Moya_Palencia) . Mario Moya is a New York-based fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Mario Moya was born in Mexico and spent his childhood years in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Moya became interested in fashion at a very young age, gaining inspiration from film noir (/wiki/Film_noir) and designers like Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) and Charles James (/wiki/Charles_James_(designer)) . He began sewing his own designs at age thirteen. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] He moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in his twenties to train under various designers and quickly established a reputation as a talented designer. In 1995, Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) asked Moya to assist in the making of clothing for Mugler's private clientele in New York. Moya continued his work with Mugler in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , where he worked on the Spring 1997 (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-1997-couture/mugler) collection. Moya then took a place on the design team of the French couture house of Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) . Moya moved back to New York to work on Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) ' collection, later becoming the head Pattern Maker at Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Moya is now based in New York. His clients include Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) . [4] (#cite_note-4) He showed his debut collection (https://www.pinterest.fr/mariomoya/mario-moya-fall-winter-2009/) at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) in February 2009. [5] (#cite_note-5) He has exhibited a collection (https://www.pinterest.fr/mariomoya/mario-moya-fall-2010/) again in 2010. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Mario Moya—Structure, Style, Luxury" (http://www.emeraldchic.com/2010/02/26/mario-moya-structure-style-luxury/) . Fashion on the Fly . Retrieved 15 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "BlvdChic: Mario Moya" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150214065244/http://blvdchic.blogspot.com/2011/01/mario-moya.html) . blvdchic.blogspot.com . Archived from the original (http://blvdchic.blogspot.com/2011/01/mario-moya.html) on 2015-02-14. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "BlvdChic: Mario Moya" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150214065244/http://blvdchic.blogspot.com/2011/01/mario-moya.html) . blvdchic.blogspot.com . Archived from the original (http://blvdchic.blogspot.com/2011/01/mario-moya.html) on 2015-02-14. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Outlaws of the Border Report: Zac Posen, Thakoon, Chris Benz, Mario Moya & the Another Magazine Party - PAPER" (http://www.papermag.com/2009/09/outlaws_of_the_border_report_z.php) . 15 September 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Schedule - New York Magazine - Designers, Fashion Profiles, Trends, and News" (https://nymag.com/fashion/fashionshows/schedule/05.html) . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.mariomoya.com) Starworks (https://web.archive.org/web/20120316165844/http://starworksgroup.com/blog/2009/07/08/mario-moya/) Mario Moya Fall 2009 Fashion Show Presentation (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wgDJAeelWg) Designs (https://www.pinterest.fr/mariomoya/_saved/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐76bbcb487f‐8kml7 Cached time: 20240709210609 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.160 seconds Real time usage: 0.225 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 445/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8426/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 489/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18529/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.108/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3906726/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 212.789 1 -total 46.39% 98.710 1 Template:Reflist 40.43% 86.038 5 Template:Cite_web 30.14% 64.130 1 Template:Short_description 16.91% 35.975 2 Template:Pagetype 9.76% 20.771 1 Template:About 8.76% 18.642 4 Template:Main_other 7.85% 16.706 1 Template:SDcat 6.59% 14.031 1 Template:Authority_control 5.64% 11.998 1 Template:Official_website Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:7369547-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709210609 and revision id 1077567328. 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Ukrainian artist Victoria Gres Born 1964 Baikonur (/wiki/Baikonur) , Kazakhstan Education Moscow State Textile University (/wiki/Moscow_State_Textile_University) Occupation Fashion designer Labels Victoria Gres by GRES Gres DENIM Gres Décor Victoria Gres Couture Website victoriagres (http://victoriagres.shop) .shop (http://victoriagres.shop) Victoria Gres ( Ukrainian (/wiki/Ukrainian_language) : Вікторія Юріївна Гресь ; born 1964) [1] (#cite_note-:100-1) is a Ukrainian (/wiki/Ukrainians) fashion (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . She and other designers are considered to be some of the first Ukrainian fashion designers to emerge after Ukraine gained independence (/wiki/Ukrainian_independence) as a country. [2] (#cite_note-2) Gres began her career in fashion design around 1996. [1] (#cite_note-:100-1) Her collections have been featured in Ukraine, Russia (/wiki/Russia) , the United States, [3] (#cite_note-3) and Canada (/wiki/Canada) . [ citation needed ] Her designs are regularly featured during Ukrainian Fashion Week (/wiki/Ukrainian_Fashion_Week) . Gres' fashion shows are often inspired by films or literary and musical works. [4] (#cite_note-anniversary-4) In 2014, she staged a show at the Ukrainian Fashion Week to protest the war. [5] (#cite_note-protest-5) In 2019, during the Victoria Gres brand's 26th anniversary, she hosted a fashion show inspired by fairy tales (/wiki/Fairy_tale) . [4] (#cite_note-anniversary-4) In 2008, Gres was a costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) for the Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) 's Rock Witchu Tour (/wiki/Rock_Witchu_Tour) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2014, she designed the inauguration dress for the First Lady of Ukraine (/wiki/First_Lady_of_Ukraine) Maryna Poroshenko (/wiki/Maryna_Poroshenko) . The garment was a silk lavender coat dress (/wiki/Coat_dress) with Ukrainian embroidery (/wiki/Ukrainian_embroidery) on the hem and sleeves. It was worn during the first part of the day, during the swearing in ceremony for the President of Ukraine (/wiki/President_of_Ukraine) Petro Poroshenko (/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko) at the Verkhovna Rada (/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada) and at the Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv (/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv) . [7] (#cite_note-Ivona-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Скляренко, Валентина Марковна (2006). 100 знаменитых женщин Украины (in Russian). Фолио. p. 102. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-966-03-3322-2 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Как украинская мода за 20 лет стала частью мировой fashion-системы" (https://elle.ua/moda/fashion-blog/kak-ukrainskaya-moda-za-20-let-stala-chastyu-mirovoy-fashion-sistemi/) . Elle Ukraine . 19 April 2021 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Spotlight" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97337582/spotlight/) . Chicago Tribune . 28 May 2003. p. 8–6 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Сезон чудес відкрито: модний будинок Вікторії Гресь відсвяткував 26-й день народження" (https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/lite/moda/sezon-chudes-otkryt-modnyy-dom-viktorii-gres-1575622268.html) . РБК-Украина (in Russian). 6 December 2019 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-protest_5-0) Гордиенко, Ольга (16 October 2014). "Ukrainian Fashion Week: Victoria Gres устроила показ-протест против войны" (https://news.obozrevatel.com/lady/fashion/48732-protest-protiv-vojnyi-v-stile-victoris-gres.htm) . OBOZREVATEL NEWS (in Russian) . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Вікторія Гресь зшила костюми для світового турне Джанет Джексон" (https://www.unian.ua/common/146248-viktoriya-gres-zshila-kostyumi-dlya-svitovogo-turne-djanet-djekson.html) . www.unian.ua (in Ukrainian). 17 September 2008 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ivona_7-0) "Первая леди: Марина Порошенко поддержала украинских дизайнеров" (http://ivona.bigmir.net/beauty/zvezdniy_stil/393827-Pervaja-ledi--Marina-Poroshenko-podderzhala-ukrainskih-dizajnerov) . Ivona . Retrieved 10 June 2014 . 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American fashion designer This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanessa_Noel&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( September 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Vanessa Noel Venessa Noel Born October 12, 1961 Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Nationality American Education B.A. Fine Arts Alma mater Cornell University Occupation(s) Shoe designer, hotelier, gallery owner, and philanthropist Board member of Council member - Ocena Council member - Kipton Arts Foundation Website https://www.vanessanoel.com (https://www.vanessanoel.com) Vanessa Noel (born October 12, 1961) [1] (#cite_note-1) is an American shoe designer, hotelier, gallery owner, and philanthropist. [2] (#cite_note-2) Biography [ edit ] Vanessa Noel was born and raised in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Bryn_Mawr,_Pennsylvania) . She was presented at the Philadelphia Charity Ball in Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) , Pennsylvania, and the International Debutante Ball (/wiki/International_Debutante_Ball) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She attended Cornell University (/wiki/Cornell_University) in New York, where she graduated with a degree in Fine Arts and Architecture. After graduation, she launched her first shoe line in 1987. [4] (#cite_note-zilkha1-4) In 2015, Vanessa Noel spoke at the Women in the World (/wiki/Women_in_the_World) Annual Summit along with Barbra Streisand (/wiki/Barbra_Streisand) , Jennifer Ashton (/wiki/Jennifer_Ashton) , and Dr. Holly Anderson to discuss heart disease and the gender bias in medicine. [5] (#cite_note-5) As of 2019, Noel served on the board of Hanover Charities. [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] Designer [ edit ] Sandals designed by Vanessa Noel Early in her career, Noel was known to draw the inspiration for her shoes from her architectural background, and has said, “I view my shoes as sensual art objects. I create them to be both an individual sculpture and a natural, elegant extension of a woman’s leg.” [7] (#cite_note-auto2-7) Her shoes are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York City and the Museum of Fine Arts (/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston) in Boston, MA (/wiki/Boston) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Noel is the sole designer for her label. She regularly travels to Italy, [10] (#cite_note-10) India (/wiki/India) and Kashmir (/wiki/Kashmir) , [11] (#cite_note-11) to work with various artisans. The shoes she produces use products only from Italian tanneries. These tanneries create exotic skins and furs, such as sable, python, and alligator. [12] (#cite_note-auto-12) She also supports the organic and free trade industries, using eco-friendly materials. [13] (#cite_note-auto1-13) Her collections are handcrafted in Milan, Italy (/wiki/Milan,_Italy) , with each style produced in limited editions. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 1988, she designed a pair of satin pumps encrusted with 177.85 carats of rubies, which she sold in her store for $15,000. [15] (#cite_note-15) The Vanessa Noel label also encompasses bridal shoes, men's footwear, cashmere shawls, and other accessories. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2004, Noel debuted the stretch alligator boots that became her signature. The boots appeared on Kim Cattrall (/wiki/Kim_Cattrall) in the Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_(film)) movie in 2008. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2015, Vanessa Noel launched her first handbag collection and her first fragrance named Stiletto in the form of a scented candle. [4] (#cite_note-zilkha1-4) [18] (#cite_note-18) Vanessa Noel's shoes have appeared in Sex And The City , [19] (#cite_note-19) Oprah , [20] (#cite_note-20) the Martha Stewart (/wiki/Martha_Stewart) show, [21] (#cite_note-21) NBC News (/wiki/NBC_News) , [22] (#cite_note-22) music videos for Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) and Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) , [23] (#cite_note-23) and many fashion magazines. Her footwear products have also been used in the runway shows of Nicole Miller (/wiki/Nicole_Miller) , Rebecca Moses, Chadwick Bell, Keith Lissner (/w/index.php?title=Keith_Lissner&action=edit&redlink=1) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) and Ralph Rucci (/wiki/Ralph_Rucci) 's shows in both Paris (/wiki/Paris) and New York (/wiki/New_York_City) . [7] (#cite_note-auto2-7) Eva Larue (/wiki/Eva_LaRue) trying on sandals at the Vanessa Noel boutique in New York Business [ edit ] In October 1987, Noel simultaneously launched her fashion label and her first boutique on East 66th Street and Madison Avenue, [24] (#cite_note-24) across the street from Imelda Marcos' (/wiki/Imelda_Marcos) ’ old townhouse. [25] (#cite_note-25) In 1990, she was asked to join the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) with recommendation letters written by Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) , Carolyn Roehm and the CFDA director at the time, Fern Mallis (/wiki/Fern_Mallis) . [26] (#cite_note-26) The shoes Vanessa Noel designed for Mariah Carey's wedding in 1993 Noel introduced her couture bridal collection in 1990, which was sold in her own boutique as well as at Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) [27] (#cite_note-27) and Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) . [28] (#cite_note-28) Shortly after the collection's launch, Noel designed a pair of shoes for Mariah Carey's (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) wedding to Tommy Mottola (/wiki/Tommy_Mottola) in 1993. [29] (#cite_note-29) Noel's bridal collection was well-received, [30] (#cite_note-30) and Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) asked Noel to do her first collection of bridal shoes. In 1994, Noel opened her second boutique [31] (#cite_note-31) in Nantucket, Massachusetts (/wiki/Nantucket,_Massachusetts) , where she spent her childhood summers, and her boutique was the first New York boutique to open a location on Nantucket Island. [32] (#cite_note-32) Architect's rendering of the Vanessa Noel New York boutique In 1998, Noel designed a collection for C. Z. Guest (/wiki/C.Z._Guest) , inspired by Guest's love of gardening. [33] (#cite_note-33) The limited-edition CZ by Vanessa Noel collection was sold at Bergdorf Goodman and Neiman Marcus stores. [34] (#cite_note-34) Vanessa Noel's Seven Seas gallery with a display of work by the late artist Peter Gee A room in the Vanessa Noel Hotel Green on Nantucket Island Noel opened her flagship boutique on East 64th Street in October 2004. She designed the nearly 2,000-square-foot space herself. [35] (#cite_note-35) Vanessa Noel Hotel [ edit ] In the summer of 2002, Noel became the first American designer to own her own hotel with the launch of the Vanessa Noel Hotel. Also, the first boutique hotel in Nantucket (/wiki/Nantucket) , [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) the VNH is home to a Vanessa Noel shoe boutique and the Café V bar, where Noel titled the menu “How to Look Good in Your Shoes” and offered high-end food. [38] (#cite_note-38) Noel opened her second hotel, Nantucket's first, and still only as of 2013, boutique hotel, the Vanessa Noel Hotel Green. [39] (#cite_note-39) Philanthropy [ edit ] Hanover Charities In the years 2005, 2010, 2012, and 2017, Noel chaired the Hanover Charities Sugarcane Ball, a fundraising event that is held annually at Round Hill (/wiki/Round_Hill_Hotel_and_Villas) in Jamaica. In 2017, Vanessa Noel, along with Hanover Charities, helped raise a record amount of $474,360 to assist individuals and institutions in the parish. [40] (#cite_note-40) She also holds a Jamaican-themed fundraising event in her shoe boutique before the Sugarcane Ball to raise money for Hanover Charities. [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) Oceana Noel became an Oceana (/wiki/Oceana_(non-profit_group)) Council member in 2010 and regularly chairs fundraising events for the organization. [44] (#cite_note-44) Noel also designed a special edition Oceana shoe that was auctioned on Charitybuzz (/wiki/Charitybuzz) with proceeds benefiting the organization. [45] (#cite_note-45) Kipton Art Foundation In 2010, she became a Vice Council Member of the Kipton Art Foundation, which works to provide artists with stipends (/wiki/Stipend) to produce their work and to promote up and coming artists. [46] (#cite_note-46) Other charitable contributions include: The Princess Grace Foundation Community Research Institute "Heart & Soul" Benefit Committee Member (1990) The Fashion Center NYC Bid for Kids Designer Committee Member (1997) [47] (#cite_note-47) VP of the East 64th Street Block Association (2009) Fair Fund (2009) [48] (#cite_note-48) Bailey's & Clothes Off Our Backs (2009) Philabunndance (2011) Noel donated proceeds from sales following her talk at the Brown Brothers Harris Women's Forum. Recipient of The Salute To Style Award benefiting the Madison Square Boys & Girl's Club (2017) [49] (#cite_note-49) Designed a one of a kind jacket for the DIFFA Dallas auction (2017) [50] (#cite_note-50) TV appearances [ edit ] Vanessa Noel has appeared on the following television shows: Rachael Ray $40 A Day (/wiki/Rachael_Ray_(TV_series)) (February 4, 2005) [51] (#cite_note-51) The Martha Stewart Show (/wiki/The_Martha_Stewart_Show) (Date ? & January 2011 [52] (#cite_note-52) ) The Real Housewives of New York (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_New_York_City) (2011, 2015, 2017) [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) Oprah: Where Are They Now? (/wiki/Oprah:_Where_Are_They_Now%3F) (2016) [56] (#cite_note-56) Open House (2016) [57] (#cite_note-57) CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) (2016) [58] (#cite_note-58) Books [ edit ] Vanessa Noel was featured in the following books: Designers On Instagram: #fashion (2015) [59] (#cite_note-59) IMPACT: 50 Years of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (2012) [60] (#cite_note-60) Silver Girl (2011) [61] (#cite_note-61) American Fashion Travel (2011) [13] (#cite_note-auto1-13) American Fashion Designers at Home (2010) [62] (#cite_note-62) Caribbean Hideaways (2010) [63] (#cite_note-63) American Fashion Accessories (2008) [64] (#cite_note-64) Hip Hotels (2003) [65] (#cite_note-65) Nantucket Nights (2002) [66] (#cite_note-66) The Business of Bliss (1999) [67] (#cite_note-67) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "HAPPY BIRTHDAY VANESSA NOEL FROM SONIA TITA PUOPOLO" (https://hauteliving.com/2011/10/happy-birthday-vanessa-noel-from-sonia-tita-puopolo/210871/) . Haute Living . October 11, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About Vanessa Noel" (https://www.vanessanoel.com/service/about/?source=facebook) . VANESSA NOEL . Retrieved August 5, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Jamaica Observer Limited" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160314140747/https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/Vanessa-s-Heart-to-Heart_54277) . Jamaica Observer . Archived from the original (http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/Vanessa-s-Heart-to-Heart_54277) on March 14, 2016. ^ a b Zilkha, Bettina. "Vanessa Noel Spring 2015: Classic Shapes And A Handbag Collection" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/bettinazilkha/2015/03/17/vanessa-noel-spring-2015-classic-shapes-and-a-handbag-collection/) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Stop marginalizing heart disease – Women in the World" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181009052647/https://womenintheworld.com/2015/04/23/stop-marginalizing-heart-disease/?mcubz=0) . womenintheworld.com . Archived from the original (https://womenintheworld.com/2015/04/23/stop-marginalizing-heart-disease/?mcubz=0) on October 9, 2018 . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Hanover Charities Board" (http://www.hanovercharities.com/our-board/) . Retrieved July 13, 2017 . ^ a b "About Vanessa Noel" (http://vanessanoel.com/about-vanessa-noel.html) . vanessanoel.com . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Vanessa Noel | Pumps | probably French | the Met" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170817204525/http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/80457) . www.metmuseum.org . Archived from the original (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/80457) on August 17, 2017 . Retrieved January 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Pair of women's shoes" (https://collections.mfa.org/objects/524912/pair-of-womens-shoes;jsessionid=C4DC89EBA01DB2354EE5CE8A8B9358C0) . collections.mfa.org . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "CFDA" (https://cfda.com/members/profile/vanessa-noel) . cfda.com . Retrieved May 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Vanessa Noel Blog » Cashmere from Kashmir" (http://blog1.vanessanoel.com/2009/08/cashmere-from-kashmir/) . blog1.vanessanoel.com . ^ (#cite_ref-auto_12-0) "CFDA" (https://cfda.com/members/profile/vanessa-noel) . cfda.com . ^ a b American Fashion Travel: Designers on the Go. 1st ed. New York: Assouline Pub., 2011. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Three Made-to-Order Collections." Footwear News [New York] 8 June 2009. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Prices." New York Magazine 26 Sept. 1988: 32. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "VANESSA NOEL NEW YORK" (https://www.vanessanoelcouture.com/?source=facebook) . VANESSA NOEL NEW YORK . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Fur Flies on the SATC Set." Editorial. Grazia 19 Nov. 2007. Print ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Valentine's Day Gift Guide for Brides & Grooms" (http://www.insideweddings.com/news/planning-design/valentines-day-gift-guide-for-brides-grooms/2766/) . Inside Weddings . February 9, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Vanessa Noel Blog » Sex and the City!" (http://blog1.vanessanoel.com/2009/08/sex-and-the-city/) . blog1.vanessanoel.com . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Vanessa Noel on Oprah" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XontvWFeJ2M) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Vanessa Noel on Martha Stewart Living" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxq8PmH4NSE) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Vanessa Noel Store featured on Today in New York" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzuey8Jo1DA) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Jamaica Observer Limited" (http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/Sole-satisfaction_13693316) . Jamaica Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Francis, Lorna. "Vanessa Noel Goes Public with Shoe 'Sculptures'" Footwear News 14 Mar. 1988. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-25) Dullea, Georgia (April 30, 1989). "STYLEMAKERS; Vanessa Noel: Shoe Designer" (https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/30/style/stylemakers-vanessa-noel-shoe-designer.html) . The New York Times – via NYTimes.com. ^ (#cite_ref-26) "About Vanessa Noel" (https://www.vanessanoelcouture.com/service/about/?source=facebook) . VANESSA NOEL NEW YORK . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Prada, Jimmy Choo, Gucci, Lanvin, Dolce & Gabbana - Bergdorf Goodman" (https://www.bergdorfgoodman.com/) . www.bergdorfgoodman.com . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Designer Clothing, Shoes, Handbags, & Beauty | Neiman Marcus" (https://www.neimanmarcus.com/) . www.neimanmarcus.com . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "A Wedding to Di For." People 21 June 1993. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Special Services with a Personal Touch." New York Magazine , February 14, 1994: 74. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Ahern, Nichole B. "An Insider's Guide to the Islands." Boston July 2002. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Churchman, Lee. "Designing Woman: Bryn Mawr Native Vanessa Noel's Designs for Shoes Keep Feet Both Fashionable and Comfortable." Main Line Life [Bryn Mawr] 1994. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Designer Beauty for Women 2019 - Farfetch" (https://www.farfetch.com/shopping/women/beauty-1/items.aspx) . www.farfetch.com . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "In Full Bloom." Shuz Fall 1998: 16. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Stilettos, Ballet Flats & Graffiti | Scene | Daily Front Row" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120317234536/http://www.fashionweekdaily.com/scene/article/12080) . www.fashionweekdaily.com . Archived from the original (http://www.fashionweekdaily.com/scene/article/12080) on March 17, 2012 . Retrieved January 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Gross, Jaime. "Nantucket." Travel + Leisure July 2004. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Kargman, Jill. "City Chic Comes to Nantucket." Departures Nov.-Dec. 2002. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-38) Susan Magrino Agency. Vanessa Noel Introduces Fashion Forward Food Selections at the Vanno Restaurant. New York, 2002. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Noel's Taking over Nantucket | the Fix | Daily Front Row" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120317234623/http://www.fashionweekdaily.com/the-fix/article/7404) . www.fashionweekdaily.com . Archived from the original (http://www.fashionweekdaily.com/the-fix/article/7404) on March 17, 2012 . Retrieved January 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Jamaica Observer Limited" (http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/observer-west/hanover-charities-raises-record-59m_103340) . Jamaica Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Film, Fashion, and Form | New York Social Diary" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100131035435/http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/node/1700342) . www.newyorksocialdiary.com . Archived from the original (http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/node/1700342) on January 31, 2010 . Retrieved January 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) McMullan, Patrick. "1.30.12 New York Social Diary" (http://newyorksocialdiary.com/node/1907755) . New York Social Diary . Retrieved January 30, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Glitz and glam of Hanover Charities diamond jubilee" (http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/outlook/20170226/glitz-and-glam-hanover-charities-diamond-jubilee) . jamaica-gleaner.com . February 26, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Ocean Council | North America" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091005122634/http://na.oceana.org/en/about-us/leadership/ocean-council) . na.oceana.org . Archived from the original (http://na.oceana.org/en/about-us/leadership/ocean-council) on October 5, 2009 . Retrieved January 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Charitybuzz: One-of-a-Kind Pair of Vanessa Noel Shoes Designed Exclusi... - Lot 2560209" (https://www.charitybuzz.com/catalog_items/one-of-kind-pair-of-vanessa-noel-shoes-designed-2560209) . /www.Charitybuzz.com . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "KiptonArt Foundation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091107141340/http://www.kiptonartfoundation.org/) . www.kiptonartfoundation.org . Archived from the original (http://www.kiptonartfoundation.org/) on November 7, 2009 . Retrieved January 14, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "An Industry's Discards; A Child's Inspiration." New York Magazine 5 May 1997: 49. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-48) Johnson, Richard. "We Hear..." The New York Post 26 June 2009, Page Six sec. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-49) Nodell, Andrew (May 16, 2017). "Madison Square Boys & Girls Club Luncheon Raises $100,000" (https://wwd.com/eye/parties/madison-square-boys-girls-club-luncheon-raises-10889018/) . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "House of DIFFA: Arabesque" (https://issuu.com/diffadallas/docs/arabesqueprogramissuu2) . Issuu . May 2, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Nantucket." $40 a Day. Food Network. 4 Feb. 2005. Television. ^ (#cite_ref-52) "The Timeless Traditions: Something Old, New, Borrowed, Blue" (https://www.marthastewartweddings.com/226676/timeless-traditions-something-old-new-borrowed-blue) . Martha Stewart Weddings . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "March Madness." Real Housewives of New York. Bravo. New York, New York, 14 Apr. 2011. Television. ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Mind Your Own Business." Real Housewives Of New York. Bravo. New York, New York. 5 May 2015. Television. ^ (#cite_ref-55) "It Girl, Interrupted." Real Housewives of New York. Bravo. New York, New York. 12 Apr. 2017. Television ^ (#cite_ref-56) "How This Woman Turned a Passion for Shoes Into Profit" (http://www.oprah.com/wherearetheynow/how-this-woman-turned-a-passion-for-shoes-into-profit-video) . ^ (#cite_ref-57) "Vanessa Noel's Chic Live-Work Space" (https://www.nbcnewyork.com/blogs/open-house/Vanessa-Noel-Chic-Live-Work-Space.html) . NBC New York . ^ (#cite_ref-58) "Doctors warn of heart attack gender gap" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doctors-warn-of-heart-attack-gender-gap/) . www.cbsnews.com . January 26, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-59) Designers on Instagram: #Fashion. Abrams, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-60) Kaplan, Rebecca (2012). Impact: 50 Years of the Council of Fashion Designers of America . New York: Abrams. p. 203. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4197-0231-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) Hilderbrand, Elin. Silver Girl: A Novel. New York: Little, Brown and, 2011. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-62) Suqi, Rima A. "Vanessa Noel." American Fashion Designers at Home. New York: Assouline, 2010. 182-83. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-63) Nolan, Meg. Caribbean Hideaways: Discovering Enchanting Rooms and Private Villas. New York: Rizzoli, 2010. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-64) Price, Candy Pratts., Jessica Glasscock, and Art Tavee. American Fashion Accessories. New York: Assouline, 2008. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-65) Ypma, Herbert J. M. "Nantucket." Hip Hotels. New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2001. 124-29. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-66) Hilderbrand, Elin. Nantucket Nights. New York: St. Martin's, 2002. Print. ^ (#cite_ref-67) Allon, Janet. "Fancy Footwork." The Business of Bliss: How to Profit from Doing What You Love. New York: Hearst, 1999. 30-34. Print. External links [ edit ] Vanessa Noel My Site (http://www.vanessanoel.com) Vanessa Noel Hotel Home (http://vanessanoelhotel.com) Vanessa Noel Hotel Green Vanessa Noel Hotel Green (http://www.vanessanoelhotelgreen.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐47jgr Cached time: 20240715034351 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.552 seconds Real time usage: 0.711 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3289/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 60821/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1162/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 150651/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.326/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7063012/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 639.125 1 -total 48.04% 307.006 1 Template:Reflist 38.29% 244.748 38 Template:Cite_web 19.86% 126.945 1 Template:Infobox_person 11.46% 73.267 1 Template:Short_description 9.96% 63.677 1 Template:Advert 9.09% 58.092 1 Template:Ambox 6.65% 42.495 2 Template:Pagetype 6.23% 39.813 17 Template:Main_other 3.84% 24.564 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32650637-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715034351 and revision id 1223180645. 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French high-class subculture and fashion Bon chic, bon genre ( French (/wiki/French_language) for 'Good style, good class') is an expression used in France to refer to a subculture (/wiki/Subculture) of stylish members of the Parisian (/wiki/Paris) upper class (/wiki/Upper_class) . They are typically well-educated, well-connected, and descended from " old money (/wiki/Old_money) " families, preferably with some aristocratic ancestry. The style combines certain fashionable tastes with the appearance of social respectability. The expression is sometimes shortened to BCBG [1] (#cite_note-1) (the fashion company BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) was named in reference to the subculture). Parallels are often seen between this subculture and similar upper-class social groups in the United States (" preppy (/wiki/Preppy) ") and the United Kingdom (" Sloane Rangers (/wiki/Sloane_Ranger) "). [2] (#cite_note-ECFC-2) As with those groups, the BCBG subculture drew mainstream attention during the 1980s. Thierry Mantoux published a handbook for BCBG style ( BCBG – Le guide du bon chic bon genre ) in 1985. It was a French equivalent to The Official Preppy Handbook (/wiki/The_Official_Preppy_Handbook) and The Sloane Ranger (/wiki/Sloane_Ranger) Handbook , both published earlier in the decade. The BCBG social group is associated with certain residential areas in Paris and Versailles. It is often identified with the 'NAP' area formed by the triangle between Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy, from the 16th arrondissement (/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris) to the Bois de Boulogne (/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne) , [2] (#cite_note-ECFC-2) as well as the 6th arrondissement (/wiki/6th_arrondissement_of_Paris) closer to the centre of Paris. [3] (#cite_note-3) It is associated with the 7th (/wiki/7th_arrondissement_of_Paris) and 8th arrondissements (/wiki/8th_arrondissement_of_Paris) for shopping. [4] (#cite_note-Paris-4) The BCBG subculture is not to be confused with the French socio-economic group known as ' bobo (/wiki/Bobo_(socio-economic_group)) ' (a portmanteau of bourgeois (/wiki/Bourgeoisie) and bohemian (/wiki/Bohemianism) ). Fashion [ edit ] The BCBG style tends toward the conservative and classic, to "de-emphasize 'sexiness' and 'flashy' signs of wealth", and it is influenced by British and American fashion. [5] (#cite_note-5) Some brands trendy with the BCBG group include Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) , Le Bon Marché (/wiki/Le_Bon_March%C3%A9) and Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . [4] (#cite_note-Paris-4) Examples of the BCBG style are seen in Clive James (/wiki/Clive_James) 's first Postcard from... (/wiki/Clive_James%27s_Postcard_from...) television series, when he visits Paris (/wiki/Paris) during the "Postcard from Paris" episode (1989). While he is sitting in a cafe, people demonstrating 'good BCBG' are pointed out to him. See also [ edit ] Tout-Paris (/wiki/Tout-Paris) Ton (society) (/wiki/Ton_(society)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). World dictionary of foreign expressions: a resource for readers and writers . Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 50 (https://archive.org/details/worlddictionaryo00adel_0/page/50) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780865164239 . ^ a b Hughes, Alexandra and Keith Reader (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary French Culture . Routledge. p. 54. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780203003305 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Alexiou, Joseph (2011). Paris for Dummies . John Wiley & Sons. p. 261. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781118038741 . ^ a b Fallon, Stephen (2010). Paris . Lonely Planet. p. 55. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781742203980 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Raissiguier, Catherine (1994). Becoming Women, Becoming Workers: Identity Formation in a French Vocational School . SUNY. p. 186. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781438416762 . 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Reform movement in interwar Britain The Men's Dress Reform Party ( MDRP ) was a reform movement in interwar Britain (/wiki/Interwar_Britain) . [1] (#cite_note-Burman1995-1) While the party's main concerns were the impact of clothes on men's health and hygiene, their mission also aimed to increase the variety and choice in men's clothing. [1] (#cite_note-Burman1995-1) Background [ edit ] The injuries and casualties of World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) shifted the public's focus to the capabilities and general health of the human body, [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) and a general concern for the social and medical impacts of clothing grew. The New Health Society, an entity formed to effectuate change in these areas, was composed of a group of professionals led by Alfred Charles Jordan who wanted to improve the overall health of adults and children. They pushed for more exercise and fresh air, improved diets, and improved conditions in homes and workplaces. In 1927, Sir Arbuthnot Lane (/wiki/Sir_William_Arbuthnot_Lane,_1st_Baronet) , a co-founder of the New Health Society, formed the Clothing Subcommittee, a subcommittee within the society focused on the health impacts of dress. [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) On 12 June 1929 this subcommittee officially separated from the New Health Society to form the Men's Dress Reform Party [1] (#cite_note-Burman1995-1) through an address to the public in London, England. It read: "Men and women, old and young, rich and poor… interested in healthier and better clothes for men…[and to] reform their clothes with as much profit to health and appearance as women have recently achieved." Leadership [ edit ] Alfred Charles Jordan, Sir Arbuthnot Lane and Dr. Caleb Williams Saleeby (/wiki/Caleb_Saleeby) served as the leaders of the Clothing Subcommittee and led the charge to form their own party, with Williams as the Chairman of the Council of the Party. Founding members also included the members of the former Clothing Subcommittee, the Very Revd William Ralph Inge (/wiki/William_Ralph_Inge) (the Dean of St Paul's Cathedral (/wiki/Dean_of_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral) ), Guy Kendall, Richard Sickert (/wiki/Walter_Sickert) , Ernest Thesiger (/wiki/Ernest_Thesiger) , and Leonard Williams (/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(physician)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Ideology [ edit ] John Flügel (/wiki/John_Fl%C3%BCgel) , a psychologist and member of the MDRP, claimed since the end of the 18th century men had been ignoring the colorful, elaborate, and varied forms of "masculine ornamentation." [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) He called this time the Great Masculine Renunciation (/wiki/Great_Masculine_Renunciation) . "Man," Flügel claimed, had "abandoned his claim to be considered beautiful. He henceforth aimed at only being useful." [4] (#cite_note-Flugel1930-4) This view aligned with that of founding member of the Men's Dress Reform Party, William Ralph Inge. Inge believed that the democratic movements of the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) had led to the increasingly dull male look: "to escape the guillotine, dress as bourgeois as possible." [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) The party's goals were largely reactions to circumstances brought on by World War I. They saw the everyday man as "oppressed by capitalist labor" [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) and saw his clothes as "depressing" [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) and lacking in creativity. The military-style uniformity [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) of the interwar period had created a culture of men who were happy to see others dressed like them, as opposed to seeing those who craved individuality. World War I also brought increased unemployment, which caused state intervention, which the Men's Dress Reform Party saw as the "oppression of professionals". [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) Lastly, the status of women in society was changing. Feminism (/wiki/Feminism) was developing in the interwar period, as women had taken over for men during World War I in jobs, schools, and social life. This threatened men, causing some to feel "like accessories to women". [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) The MDRP sought to improve the health and hygiene of men by changing their dress, as they saw the typical male styles and materials growing more restrictive and harmful, while women's clothing was increasingly becoming more "emanicipating" [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) Their goals included "freeing the neck" by wearing the "Byron collar" [1] (#cite_note-Burman1995-1) which was an open-front collar, and gaining approval of the kilt [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) as everyday wear for men. They also preferred blouses instead of shirts, sandals over shoes, and shorts or breeches to trousers. The party felt that hats and coats were only acceptable in appropriate weather, and that underclothing should be loose. Most of these rules were already acceptable for occasions such as vacation, but the party looked to make these the standard for town, professional, and evening dress. 1929–1937 [ edit ] Unlike other organizations of the time, the MDRP had no formal journal. Instead, the group published articles about their reform ideas in Sunlight , a quarterly journal produced by The Sunlight League (/wiki/The_Sunlight_League) . MDRP member Dr. Caleb Saleeby chaired the Sunlight League, and thus incurred the league's support of the Men's Dress Reform Party. A Design Committee was organized to construct designs of "acceptable" clothing, and received national attention for their recommendations. Members claimed that branches were forming in all corners of the world, including India, China, Australia, South Africa, the USA, New Zealand, Canada, and Europe in addition to the approximately 200 branches in the UK. [1] (#cite_note-Burman1995-1) These groups held social events, rallies, and debates, but the prevalence of such events decreased with the onset of World War II. [1] (#cite_note-Burman1995-1) In 1937, the Men's Dress Reform Party lost the support of the New Health Society due to financial trouble and eventual bankruptcy. [2] (#cite_note-Bourke1996-2) Then, in 1940, the Sunlight League also dissipated after a bomb destroyed their offices and the death of its founder, Dr. Saleeby. After this period, the Men's Dress Reform Party largely ceased to exist. [1] (#cite_note-Burman1995-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g Burman, B. (1995). "The Better and Brighter Clothes: The Men's Dress Reform Party, 1929 1940". Journal of Design History . 8 (4): 275–290. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/jdh/8.4.275 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjdh%2F8.4.275) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0952-4649 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0952-4649) . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bourke, J. (1996). "The Great Male Renunciation: Men's Dress Reform in Inter-war Britain". Journal of Design History . 9 (1): 23–33. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/jdh/9.1.23 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjdh%2F9.1.23) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0952-4649 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0952-4649) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sadar, John Stanislav. (2016). Through the Healing Glass: Shaping the Modern Body through Glass Architecture, 1925-1935 . Routledge. p. 106. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-138-83780-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-83780-5) ^ (#cite_ref-Flugel1930_4-0) Flugel, John Carl (1930). The Psychology of Clothes . London: Hogarth. pp. 110–113. Further reading [ edit ] Blakemore, Erin (18 July 2017). "This Short-Lived Political Party Embraced Socks With Sandals" (https://daily.jstor.org/this-short-lived-political-party-embraced-socks-with-sandals/) . JSTOR Daily . Retrieved 20 July 2017 . 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Japanese indoor footwear This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Uwabaki) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Uwabaki" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Uwabaki%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Uwabaki%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Uwabaki%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Uwabaki%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Uwabaki%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Uwabaki%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Various sizes of uwabaki for sale Uwabaki ( 上履き ) are a type of Japanese slippers (/wiki/Slippers) worn indoors at school [1] (#cite_note-1) or certain companies and public buildings where street shoes are prohibited. Japanese culture mandates that people should remove their shoes when entering homes and other buildings, especially where the floors may have rugs, polished wood floors, or tatami (/wiki/Tatami) . Uwabaki are light, flexible shoes which are easy to slip on and off, designated for indoor use. As they are not generally worn outside, the soles are kept clean, and thus cleaning and maintenance of the building's floors are kept to a minimum. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) At the entrance of every school, from preschool (/wiki/Preschool) to college (/wiki/College) , there is a genkan (/wiki/Genkan) with an assigned locker (/wiki/Locker_(cabinet)) ( getabako (/wiki/Getabako) ) for each student to put uwabaki . A student's grade level is often indicated by a colored stripe across the toes; the body color of the slipper is always white. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) See also [ edit ] School uniforms in Japan (/wiki/School_uniforms_in_Japan) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Japanese Girls Selling Used Shoes On High Prices" (https://www.animesenpai.net/japanese-girls-selling-used-shoes-on-high-prices/) . animesenpai.net . Retrieved March 14, 2024 . ^ a b "Slippers in Japan" (https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-glances/jg00129/) . nippon.com . May 3, 2021 . Retrieved June 17, 2022 . External links [ edit ] Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Media related to Uwabaki (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uwabaki) at Wikimedia Commons v t e Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) List of items traditionally worn in Japan (/wiki/List_of_items_traditionally_worn_in_Japan) Traditional Chihaya (/wiki/Chihaya_(clothing)) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Furisode (/wiki/Furisode) Hanten (/wiki/Hanten) Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) Haori (/wiki/Haori) Happi (/wiki/Happi) Jinbei (/wiki/Jinbei) Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) Jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) Keikogi (/wiki/Keikogi) Kosode (/wiki/Kosode) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Kyahan (/wiki/Kyahan) Mawashi (/wiki/Mawashi) Mino (/wiki/Mino_(straw_cape)) Nemaki (/wiki/Nemaki) Samue (/wiki/Samue) Shitagi (/wiki/Shitagi) Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) Uwagi (/wiki/Uwagi) Yukata (/wiki/Yukata) Headgear Benkan (/wiki/Benkan) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kanmuri (/wiki/Kanmuri_(headwear)) Kanzashi (/wiki/Kanzashi) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Raikan (/wiki/Raikan) Shaguma (/wiki/Shaguma) Tenugui (/wiki/Tenugui) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Tsunokakushi (/wiki/Tsunokakushi) Belt / sash Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Uwa-obi (/wiki/Uwa-obi) Tasuki (/wiki/Tasuki_(sash)) Footwear Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Uwabaki Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) This shoe (/wiki/Shoe) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Indian fashion designer based in Delhi (born 1979) Rahul Mishra Rahul Mishra in 2023 Born 7 November 1979 ( 1979-11-07 ) (age 44) Malhausi, Kanpur (/wiki/Kanpur) , India Education Kanpur University , U P National Institute of Design (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design) Istituto Marangoni (/wiki/Istituto_Marangoni) Occupation Fashion designer Spouse Divya Bhatt Awards 2014 International Woolmark (/wiki/Woolmark) Prize Website www (http://www.rahulmishra.in/) .rahulmishra (http://www.rahulmishra.in/) .in (http://www.rahulmishra.in/) Rahul Mishra (born 7 November 1979) is an Indian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in Delhi (/wiki/Delhi) . He is the first Indian designer to be invited to showcase at the Haute Couture Week in Paris. [1] (#cite_note-1) He won the International Woolmark Prize in 2014 at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , becoming the first Indian designer to win the award. [2] (#cite_note-busstd-2) The winning collection was sold in stores around the world. [3] (#cite_note-Woolmark_Prize-3) In 2008, he was awarded the MTV Youth Icon of the Year (/wiki/MTV_Youth_Icon_of_the_Year) by MTV India (/wiki/MTV_India) . [4] (#cite_note-midday-4) Early life and background [ edit ] Mishra grew up in Malhausi, a sleepy village 53 miles off Kanpur (/wiki/Kanpur) . He spent his childhood with his grandparents, listening to an array of stories- religious, historical, moral, of balance and humanity. He did his graduate degree in physics from Kanpur University (/wiki/Kanpur_University) (now known as Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University (/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shahu_Ji_Maharaj_University) ). This was followed by post graduation in apparel design from the National Institute of Design (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design) (NID), Ahmedabad, [5] (#cite_note-forbes2015-5) where he won the Best Student Designer Of The Year in 2005. [6] (#cite_note-toi-6) [7] (#cite_note-eco-7) Rahul Mishra's award-winning collection at the International Woolmark (/wiki/The_Woolmark_Company) Prize in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , 2014 In 2009, he became the first non-European designer to win a scholarship at Istituto Marangoni (/wiki/Istituto_Marangoni) , Milan, Italy. [7] (#cite_note-eco-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) His wife Divya, also an NID graduate in apparel design, works with him. [5] (#cite_note-forbes2015-5) Career [ edit ] There is this quote by Mahatma Gandhi (/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi) that I particularly love, "Recall the face of the poorest you have ever seen - and ask yourself if your contemplating will be of any use to them". I live by this. You must do the best you can. - Business Standard (/wiki/Business_Standard) , 2014 [2] (#cite_note-busstd-2) He made his debut in 2006 at Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) with a collection using cotton handloom textiles from Kerala, especially off-white fabric with golden border of Kerala mundu (/wiki/Mundu) . In 2009, he made reversible dresses, employing Kerala mundu on one side, with Banarasi (/wiki/Banarasi_sari) fabric of the other side woven by traditional craftmen. [6] (#cite_note-toi-6) [9] (#cite_note-9) Mishra has showcased his work at fashion weeks in London, Dubai, Australia and is regular on the official calendar of Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . He has also become known for incorporating traditional Indian textiles, and handmade artisanship to his work. [6] (#cite_note-toi-6) [10] (#cite_note-mint2-10) He is the only Indian designer to be chosen by Rent the Runway (/wiki/Rent_the_Runway) , online rental boutique. [2] (#cite_note-busstd-2) [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2013, he won the Indian leg of the International Woolmark Prize, thus going on to represent India and the Middle East at the 2014 International Woolmark Prize Competition in Milan. The five contenders included Christopher Esber representing Australia, Sibling for Europe, ffiXXed for Asia and Joseph Altuzarra (/wiki/Joseph_Altuzarra) for the Americas. Mishra's award-winning capsule range, "The Lotus Effect" was based on the hexagon shapes and Lotus motifs. The collection incorporated Chanderi (/wiki/Chanderi_sari) fabric woven with 85% Merino wool (/wiki/Merino_wool) with woollen zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) embroidery by craftsmen in Kolkata. [10] (#cite_note-mint2-10) The collection was influenced by the monochromatic work of Dutch graphic artist Maurits Cornelis Escher (/wiki/Maurits_Cornelis_Escher) . [2] (#cite_note-busstd-2) In February 2014, Rahul Mishra won the 2014 Woolmark Prize at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) . [3] (#cite_note-Woolmark_Prize-3) [12] (#cite_note-12) The award carries an AUS $100,000 prize and was previously won by designers Karl Lagerfield (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfield) , Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , Mishra was the only Indian to have won the award. [2] (#cite_note-busstd-2) India should regard Rahul Mishra, the winner of the 2014 International Woolmark Prize, as a national treasure. — Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) , Vogue.co.uk #SuzyPFW [13] (#cite_note-13) Brand [ edit ] American actress and singer, Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) in custom Rahul Mishra Couture at the launch of NMACC (/wiki/Nita_Mukesh_Ambani_Cultural_Centre) , Mumbai In 2013, Rahul Mishra co-founded an eponymous (/wiki/Eponym) label with his wife, establishing three flagship stores in India and a thriving national and international distribution channel (/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)) . His body of work encompasses vivid textile (/wiki/Textile) exploration and draws inspiration from art (/wiki/Art) , nature (/wiki/Nature) , and architecture (/wiki/Architecture) . His Indian fashion label is renowned for its expertise in handcraft and sustainability, presenting fashion as a tool to foster participation and empower India's local craft (/wiki/Craft) community. AFEW Rahul Mishra's launch presentation at Palais de Tokyo (/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo) , Paris in 2023 In September of last year, designer Rahul Mishra announced a visionary collaboration for a new global luxury label, AFEW Rahul Mishra, with Reliance Brands Limited (RBL). The inaugural easy-to-wear collection was presented at the Palais de Tokyo (/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo) in Paris, garnering attention from global retailers, fashion press, and celebrities. Rahul Mishra has dressed numerous Indian celebrities, including Kareena Kapoor Khan (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan) , Malaika Arora (/wiki/Malaika_Arora) , Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) , Tamannaah Bhatia (/wiki/Tamannaah_Bhatia) , Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) , Shahid Kapoor (/wiki/Shahid_Kapoor) , Aditi Rao Hydari (/wiki/Aditi_Rao_Hydari) , Bhumi Pednekar (/wiki/Bhumi_Pednekar) , Karisma Kapoor (/wiki/Karisma_Kapoor) , Shraddha Kapoor (/wiki/Shraddha_Kapoor) , Madhuri Dixit (/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit) and Ananya Panday (/wiki/Ananya_Panday) , among others. Mark Zuckerberg (/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg) and Priscilla Chan (/wiki/Priscilla_Chan) wear Rahul Mishra Couture at Radhika & Anant Ambani’s pre-wedding ceremony in Jamnagar (/wiki/Jamnagar_district) , India. Internationally, the label has been sported by CEO Mark Zuckerberg (/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg) , actresses and singers Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) , Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) , as well as model Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) , among others. Design Philosophy [ edit ] Rahul Mishra’s fashion label operates on the philosophy of the 3 E’s: Environment (/wiki/Environmentalism) , Employment (/wiki/Employment) , and Empowerment (/wiki/Empowerment) . It aims to redefine luxury through the lens of participation rather than mere consumption. Mishra’s purpose defines his process, which centres around the achingly slowed-down techniques of hand-weaving (/wiki/Weaving) and hand embroidery (/wiki/Hand_embroidery_machine) . This deliberate approach not only fosters sustainable (/wiki/Sustainability) livelihoods for over 1000 artisans but also embodies the principles of sustainability, presenting fashion as a means to engage and uplift India’s local craft community. Mishra champions the idea that “Luxury is not consumption, luxury is participation.” His label prioritises mindful luxury, utilising slow processes to encourage involvement from craft communities across rural India. With the philosophy of “ASAP” (As Slow As Possible), Mishra emphasises the importance of a deliberate, slow approach to craftsmanship. He is also recognised for pioneering ' reverse migration (/wiki/Reverse_migration_(birds)) ', urging artisans living in urban slums to return to their villages, where they receive urban-level wages to bolster rural economies. Through these initiatives, Mishra’s fashion label provides employment opportunities and empowerment to the next generation of embroiderers and weavers in the country. Indian actress, Ananya Panday (/wiki/Ananya_Panday) for Rahul Mishra's collection 'Superheroes' collection at Paris Haute Couture Week 2024 Mishra’s 2024 Spring/Summer collection, titled "Superheroes," presented in Paris, sheds light on the intricacies of coexisting with reptiles and insects in our shared environment—an area of passionate (/wiki/Passion_(emotion)) interest for Mishra. His couture pieces are revered for their modern structural forms, built atop sturdy yet lightweight base forms achieved through innovative pattern making. The quintessential hand-embroidery of the atelier is complemented by zari (/wiki/Zari) embroidery, ek taar ka kaam, baadla, glass beads, and rhinestones (/wiki/Rhinestone) , resulting in motifs that evoke a sense of ‘ biomimicry (/wiki/Biomimetics) ’ in his pieces. Awards & distinctions [ edit ] In 2008, awarded ' MTV Youth Icon of the Year (/wiki/MTV_Youth_Icon_of_the_Year) ' India In 2009, featured in the list of top 20 young Indians who would shape India's future for Vision India 2020. In 2010, awarded 'International Designer of the Year' at the IAF (International Apparel Federation) annual convention held in Netherlands In 2012, awarded 'Best Womenswear Designer' at the Cotton Council International Awards Regional Winner of International Woolmark Prize (India and Middle East) in 2013 In 2014, winner of International Woolmark Prize in Milan Featured in ' BoF (/wiki/Business_of_Fashion) 500' The People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry In 2015, featured in GQ's list of '50 Most Influential Young Indians' In 2018, International Fashion Award for Sustainable and Ethical Brand by Chambre Monegasque de la Mode, Monte Carlo In 2019, Rarete Award (Rare Talent of the Year) at the Centre du Luxe Summit, Paris Conferred with the ‘National Award for Special Achievement in Fashion' by the Government of India (/wiki/Government_of_India) In 2020, featured in the Luxebook Top 100 Luxury Leaders in India ‘Trailblazer of the Year’ award by Vogue India In 2021, titled ‘Sustainable Fashion Icon’ at the India's Best Awards hosted by Travel & Leisure Magazine (/wiki/Travel_%2B_Leisure) In 2023, Recognised as one of the ‘HELLO! 100 Most Influential ’ On behalf of the French government (/wiki/Government_of_France) , conferred the insignia of ‘ Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres’ (/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres) (Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters) In 2023, receive the ‘ GQ Men of the Year 2023 (/wiki/GQ_Men_of_the_Year_Awards) ’ He received 'Forces of Fashion' award from Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Rahul Mishra will be the first Indian designer to showcase haute couture at Paris Fashion Week in 2020" (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/rahul-mishra-first-indian-designer-to-showcase-haute-couture-paris-fashion-week-2020) . 24 December 2019. ^ a b c d e Aggarwal, Asmita (22 February 2014). "From a village in Kanpur to the catwalks of Milan: Rahul Mishra" (http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/from-a-village-in-kanpur-to-the-catwalks-of-milan-rahul-mishra-114022200718_1.html) . Business Standard India . Business Standard . Retrieved 23 February 2014 . ^ a b Turra, Alessandra (21 February 2014). "Rahul Mishra Nabs Woolmark Prize" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/rahul-mishra-nabs-woolmark-prize-7495698?src=n/newsAlert/20140221-4) . WWD . Retrieved 21 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-midday_4-0) Ipshita Sharma (15 January 2009). "Catch the MTV Youth Icons" (http://archive.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/jan/150109-Blaaze-Mary-Kom-Mangesh-Hadawale-Rahul-Misra-Ishita-Khanna-Ankit-Fadia-MTV-Youth-Icon-winners.htm) . Retrieved 22 February 2014 . ^ a b Jasodhara Banerjee; Benu Joshi Routh (24 March 2015). "Rahul Mishra, the craftsman" (http://forbesindia.com/article/think/rahul-mishra-the-craftsman/39845/2) . Forbes India Magazine . pp. 1–2 . Retrieved 26 May 2015 . ^ a b c "Aiming to make wool all-weather fabric: Rahul Mishra" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/designers/Aiming-to-make-wool-all-weather-fabric-Rahul-Mishra/articleshow/29441915.cms) . The Times of India . 15 February 2014 . Retrieved 22 February 2014 . ^ a b "Indian designer Rahul Mishra wins top Milan Fashion Week prize" (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/indian-designer-rahul-mishra-wins-top-milan-fashion-week-prize/articleshow/30806624.cms) . The Economic Times. 21 February 2014 . Retrieved 22 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Parizaad Khan (9 August 2008). "Rahul Mishra: Fashion designer" (http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/XikITENP7zoiqhzshOAYVM/Rahul-Mishra--Fashion-designer.html) . Livemint . Retrieved 22 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The Good Life" (https://archive.today/20140223085053/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110325/jsp/entertainment/story_13759986.jsp) . The Telegraph. Archived from the original (http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110325/jsp/entertainment/story_13759986.jsp) on 23 February 2014 . Retrieved 23 February 2014 . ^ a b "Rahul Mishra: Surface tension" (http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/FFiGEKiAPZOoGb7OdqZAXO/Rahul-Mishra--Surface-tension.html) . Livemint. 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 22 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Rent Dresses by Rahul mishra" (https://www.renttherunway.com/dress/search/designers-rahul_mishra) . Rent The Runway . Retrieved 23 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Georgina Safe (22 February 2014). "Fashion 'it girl' Alexa Chung praises International Woolmark Prize winner Rahul Mishra" (http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/fashion-it-girl-alexa-chung-praises-international-woolmark-prize-winner-rahul-mishra-20140222-338dm.html) . Sydey Morning Herlad . Retrieved 22 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Menkes, Suzy. "#SuzyPFW Empowering Handwork: Alexander McQueen And Rahul Mishra" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/suzy-pfw-empowering-handwork-alexander-mcqueen-and-rahul-mishra) . British Vogue . Retrieved 13 November 2016 . External links [ edit ] "Rahul Mishra Profile" (http://fdci.org/Member.aspx?mid=2120588170&cat=3) . Fashion Design Council of India (/wiki/Fashion_Design_Council_of_India) (FDCI). 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