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(Redirected from Tanjak (/w/index.php?title=Tanjak&redirect=no) ) Malay or Indonesian headgear Tengkolok Minangkabau (/wiki/Minangkabau_people) man with a tengkolok headgear. Type Traditional Headgear (/wiki/Headgear) Material Songket (/wiki/Songket) Place of origin Maritime Southeast Asia (/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia) [1] (#cite_note-IDN_Tanjak-1) Manufacturer Malay people (/wiki/Malay_people) [2] (#cite_note-Binus_Tanjak-2) [3] (#cite_note-Palembang_Tourism_Tanjak-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Banjarese (/wiki/Banjar_people) , Minangkabau (/wiki/Minangkabau_people) , [5] (#cite_note-Kumparan_Minangkabau-5) Buginese (/wiki/Bugis_people) , Makassar (/wiki/Makassar_people) , Minahasa (/wiki/Minahasa) , Bajau (/wiki/Bajau_people) , Kadazandusun (/wiki/Kadazandusun) , Gorontalo (/wiki/Gorontalo_people) , Maguindanaon (/wiki/Maguindanao_people) and Brunei Malay (/wiki/Bruneian_Malays) people Tengkolok , also known as Tanjak , Destar ( Minangkabau (/wiki/Minangkabau_language) : Deta ; Kelantan-Pattani (/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay) : Semutar ) [6] (#cite_note-dewan_tengkolok-6) is a traditional Malay (/wiki/Malay_people) or Indonesian (/wiki/Indonesia) [7] (#cite_note-Tribun_Tanjak-7) and male headgear. It is made from long songket (/wiki/Songket) cloth folded and tied in a particular style ( solek ). Nowadays, it is usually worn in ceremonial functions, such as royal ceremonies by royalties, and wedding (/wiki/Wedding) ceremonies by grooms. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Name [ edit ] The terms tengkolok , Tanjak , and setanjak are synonyms; the word "tengkolok" also refers to "headgear or headcover worn by women", [6] (#cite_note-dewan_tengkolok-6) but the definition of women's headgear is rarely used today. [9] (#cite_note-Tribun_Tanjak_Melayu-9) However, some people [ who? ] say that tengkolok , tanjak , and destar are different in terms of cloth type or tying even though the purpose is the same, which the tengkolok is a headgear made from cloth of good quality and its tying has many layers and tapers to tip; destar has low tying and its tying layers are fewer than tengkolok ; tanjak has tying much like tengkolok , the only difference is that its cloth is simple and thin. Solek [ edit ] Further information: Regalia of Malaysia (/wiki/Regalia_of_Malaysia) Tengkolok is made in various forms, with different types and designs of cloth, depending on the social status of its dress. [10] (#cite_note-10) The general term for different forms of tengkolok is solek . Each solek also has its different special name, for instance: the tengkolok worn by Yang di-Pertuan Agong (/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong) during the coronation ceremony is known as Solek Dendam Tak Sudah (Persistent Vengeance Style). Every Malay king has their particular solek . For example, the Sultan of Selangor (/wiki/Selangor) wears a richly golden yellow Solek Balung Raja (Royal Crest Style) when attending a coronation ceremony or his birthday ceremony. Brunei [ edit ] The traditional attire of the Brunei Malay (/wiki/Bruneian_Malays) population, locally known as destar, represents the significance of Malay rulers (/wiki/Sultan) and nobility (/wiki/Nobility) throughout history. In addition, it served as a representation of the social structure (/wiki/Social_structure) of the time, separating commoners (/wiki/Commoner) from dignitaries (/wiki/Dignitary) until the head covering became the Malay custom (/wiki/Malay_customs) of dressing. [11] (#cite_note-11) Over two millennia (/wiki/Millennium) have passed since the discovery of Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) 's destar types, which include Destar Taruna, Helang Benari, Singa Menerpa, Layar Bahtera, Nakhoda Sailar, and Hulubalang Diraja. The destar's production process, it was previously known that a high-quality dastar requires a week to complete, which has a more adaptable notion, is what makes it distinctive. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Gallery [ edit ] "Dendam Tak Sudah" tengkolok wore by Yang di-Pertuan Agong during coronation ceremony Collection of Tengkolok worn by Sultan for all Malay states except Johor which Sultan of Johor wore a crown due to influence from the British Empire. Each tengkolok has different styles as there has to contain symbols and meanings. A Sumatran variant type of tengkolok worn by royal princes from Deli, Langkat and Serdang Kingdom of North Sumatra (/wiki/North_Sumatra) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) Tengkolok being worn by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah) Different types of Brunei tengolok on display See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Malaysia portal (/wiki/Portal:Malaysia) Singapore portal (/wiki/Portal:Singapore) National costume of Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Culture of Indonesia (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) Malaysian cultural outfits (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Culture of Malaysia (/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia) Culture of Brunei (/wiki/Culture_of_Brunei) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) - Javanese people (/wiki/Javanese_people) counterpart Note [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-IDN_Tanjak_1-0) "Sering Salah Kira, Rupanya Ini Bentuk Tanjak Asli Palembang" (https://sumsel.idntimes.com/travel/journal/feny-agustin/sering-salah-kira-rupanya-ini-bentuk-tanjak-asli-palembang) . (Indonesian) ^ (#cite_ref-Binus_Tanjak_2-0) "Fashion Leadership Theory at Songket Lepus Palembang" (https://bnsd.binus.ac.id/fashion-design/2020/12/30/fashion-leadership-theory-at-songket-lepus-palembang/) . ^ (#cite_ref-Palembang_Tourism_Tanjak_3-0) "MENGENAL TANJAK PALEMBANG" (https://www.palembang-tourism.com/berita-795-mengenal-tanjak-palembang.html) . (Indonesian) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kanwil Sumsel (2019). "Sosialisasi SP2020 "Partisipasi Aktif Lembaga Pemerintah dan Swasta Dalam Menyukseskan Sensus Penduduk 2020" (https://sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id/berita-kanwil/berita-utama/3968-sosialisasi-sp2020-partisipasi-aktif-lembaga-pemerintah-dan-swasta-dalam-menyukseskan-sensus-penduduk-2020) " (https://sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id/berita-kanwil/berita-utama/3968-sosialisasi-sp2020-partisipasi-aktif-lembaga-pemerintah-dan-swasta-dalam-menyukseskan-sensus-penduduk-2020) . sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id (in Indonesian). Kantor Wilayah Sumatera Selatan - Kementerian Hukum dan Ham Republik Indonesia . Retrieved 7 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kumparan_Minangkabau_5-0) "Mendalami Suku Minang, dari Adat dan Budaya hingga Keseniannya" (https://m.kumparan.com/berita-hari-ini/mendalami-suku-minang-dari-adat-dan-budaya-hingga-keseniannya-1up1PyBShwy) . ^ a b "Carian Umum" (https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=tengkolok) . prpm.dbp.gov.my . Retrieved 2023-01-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tribun_Tanjak_7-0) "Mengenal Sejarah Tanjak Khas Palembang, Sudah Ada Sejak Abad Ke-8 Kerajaan Sriwijaya" (https://palembang.tribunnews.com/2020/10/02/mengenal-sejarah-tanjak-khas-palembang-sudah-ada-sejak-abad-ke-8-kerajaan-sriwijaya) . (Indonesia) ^ a b "Memartabatkan seni warisan tambatan dastar » Media Permata Online" (https://mediapermata.com.bn/memartabatkan-seni-warisan-tambatan-dastar/) . Memartabatkan seni warisan tambatan dastar . 2022-11-03 . Retrieved 2023-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tribun_Tanjak_Melayu_9-0) "Arti Tanjak Bagi Orang Melayu" (https://pekanbaru.tribunnews.com/2017/02/03/arti-tanjak-bagi-orang-melayu?page=2) . (Indonesian) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Tanjak Warisan Melayu (http://resam-melayu.com/2009/12/tanjak-warisan-melayu.html) , Resam Melayu. Diambil pada 3 Mac 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Penyolek tengkolok warisan » Media Permata Online" (https://mediapermata.com.bn/penyolek-tengkolok-warisan/) . Penyolek tengkolok warisan . 2017-05-13 . Retrieved 2023-12-03 . v t e Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Hats (/wiki/Hat) caps (/wiki/Cap) General Asian conical (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Easter (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Fez (hat) (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Kofia (/wiki/Kofia_(hat)) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Salako (/wiki/Salako) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Straw (/wiki/Straw_hat) Sun (/wiki/Sun_hat) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Military Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Mitznefet (/wiki/Mitznefet_(Israeli_military)) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Wrapped Do-rag (/wiki/Do-rag) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Tengkolok Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Crowns (/wiki/Crown) and bands Astral (/wiki/Astral_crown) Chaplet (/wiki/Chaplet_(headgear)) Circlet (/wiki/Circlet) Camp (/wiki/Camp_crown) Consort (/wiki/Consort_crown) Corolla (/wiki/Corolla_(headgear)) Coronation (/wiki/Coronation_crown) Coronet (/wiki/Coronet) Diadem (/wiki/Diadem) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_crown) Ferronnière (/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) Hoop (/wiki/Hoop_crown) Imperial (/wiki/Imperial_crown) Makuṭa (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Naval (/wiki/Naval_crown) Queen's (/wiki/Queen%27s_Crown) State (/wiki/State_crown) Tiara (/wiki/Tiara) Wreath (/wiki/Wreath_(attire)) ( laurel (/wiki/Laurel_wreath) ) Helmets (/wiki/Helmet) Combat (/wiki/Combat_helmet) Boar's tusk (/wiki/Boar%27s_tusk_helmet) Ilyrian (/wiki/Illyrian_type_helmet) Corinthian (/wiki/Corinthian_helmet) Chalcidian (/wiki/Chalcidian_helmet) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_helmet) Imperial (/wiki/Imperial_helmet) Lamellenhelm (/wiki/Lamellenhelm) Great (/wiki/Great_helm) Barbute (/wiki/Barbute) Close (/wiki/Close_helmet) Morion (/wiki/Morion_(helmet)) Sallet (/wiki/Sallet) Lobster-tailed pot (/wiki/Lobster-tailed_pot_helmet) Kulah khud (/wiki/Kulah_khud) Kabuto (/wiki/Kabuto) Dragoon (/wiki/Dragoon_helmet) Pickelhaube (/wiki/Pickelhaube) Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_helmet) Brodie (/wiki/Brodie_helmet) Stahlhelm (/wiki/Stahlhelm) M33 (/wiki/M33_helmet) Advanced Combat (/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet) Enhanced Combat (US) (/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(United_States)) Flight (/wiki/Flight_helmet) Mk 7 (/wiki/Mk_7_helmet) Paratrooper (/wiki/Paratrooper_helmet) Vocational Firefighter (/wiki/Firefighter%27s_helmet) Hard hat (/wiki/Hard_hat) Welding (/wiki/Welding_helmet) Sport Batting (/wiki/Batting_helmet) Bicycle (/wiki/Bicycle_helmet) Football (/wiki/Football_helmet) Motorcycle (/wiki/Motorcycle_helmet) Racing (/wiki/Racing_helmet) Other protective (/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Earmuffs (/wiki/Earmuffs) Earplug (/wiki/Earplug) Face shield (/wiki/Face_shield) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Padded headgear (/wiki/Headgear_(martial_arts)) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Hairwear and other items Barrette (/wiki/Barrette) Bumpits (/wiki/Bumpits) Claw clip (/wiki/Claw_clip) Deely bobber (/wiki/Deely_bobber) Dush-toh (/wiki/Dush-toh) Hair drop (/wiki/Hair_drop) Hair tie (/wiki/Hair_tie) Hairnet (/wiki/Hairnet) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Headphones (/wiki/Headphones) Headpiece (/wiki/Headpiece) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Peineta (/wiki/Peineta_(comb)) Peinetón (/wiki/Peinet%C3%B3n) Scrunchie (/wiki/Scrunchie) Shpitzel (/wiki/Shpitzel) Eyewear Eyeglasses (/wiki/Glasses) Browline (/wiki/Browline_glasses) Bug-eye (/wiki/Bug-eye_glasses) Cat eye (/wiki/Cat_eye_glasses) GI (/wiki/GI_glasses) Goggles (/wiki/Goggles) Horn-rimmed glasses (/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses) Pince-nez (/wiki/Pince-nez) Lensless (/wiki/Lensless_glasses) Lorgnette (/wiki/Lorgnette) Monocle (/wiki/Monocle) Rimless (/wiki/Rimless_eyeglasses) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses) Glacier (/wiki/Sunglasses#Sports) Iggaak (/wiki/Snow_goggles) Mirrored (/wiki/Mirrored_sunglasses) Solar viewer (/wiki/Solar_viewer) Shutter shades (/wiki/Shutter_shades) Teashades (/wiki/Sunglasses#Teashades) Wayfarer (/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer) Head-mounted display (/wiki/Head-mounted_display) List of headwear (/wiki/List_of_headgear) v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) Gache (/wiki/Gache) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Hwagwan (/wiki/Hwagwan) Jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) Manggeon (/wiki/Wangjin) South Bhutan Gho (/wiki/Gho) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) India (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Nepal (/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistani_clothing) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Perak (/wiki/Perak_(headdress)) Peshawari pagri (/wiki/Peshawari_turban) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Southeast Burma (/wiki/Burmese_clothing) Longyi (/wiki/Longyi) Gaung baung (/wiki/Gaung_baung) Cambodia (/wiki/Khmer_clothing) Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Baju bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kupiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tanjak Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Laos (/wiki/Culture_of_Laos#Traditional_clothing) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tengkolok Philippines (/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines) Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) Baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) Buntal hat (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Malong (/wiki/Malong) Maria Clara gown (/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown) Patadyong (/wiki/Patadyong) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Thailand (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Banong (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Banong) Chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) Chut Thai (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Formal Chut Thai (/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume) Pha khao ma (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma) Pha nung (/wiki/Pha_nung) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Sabai (/wiki/Sabai) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Tabengman (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Áo bà ba (/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba) Áo dài (/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) Áo giao lĩnh (/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh) Áo tứ thân (/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n) Middle East Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Assyria (/wiki/Assyrian_clothing) Bisht (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Izaar (/wiki/Izaar) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Sheitel (/wiki/Sheitel) Tallit (/wiki/Tallit) Tallit katan (/wiki/Tallit_katan) Tefillin (/wiki/Tefillin) Tzitzit (/wiki/Tzitzit) Jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kurdish (/wiki/Kurdish_clothing) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Palestine (/wiki/Palestinian_costumes) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Hejazi (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) Europe Balkan Traditional Albanian clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing) Brez (/wiki/Brez_(clothing)) Çorape (/wiki/%C3%87orape) Opinga (/wiki/Opinga) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Xhamadan (/wiki/Xhamadan) Xhubleta (/wiki/Xhubleta) Aromanian (/w/index.php?title=Aromanian_traditional_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Croatia (/wiki/Croatian_national_costume) Fustanella (/wiki/Fustanella) Greek (/wiki/Greek_dress) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Macedonia (/wiki/Macedonian_national_costume) Romania (/wiki/Romanian_dress) Serbia (/wiki/Serbian_traditional_clothing) Kosovo (/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo) British Isles Britain Country (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Court (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Windsor uniform (/wiki/Windsor_uniform) Ireland (/wiki/Irish_clothing) Scottish highlands (/wiki/Highland_dress) Aboyne (/wiki/Aboyne_dress) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Kilt (/wiki/Kilt) Sporran (/wiki/Sporran) Wales (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) Central Dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) Lederhosen (/wiki/Lederhosen) Poland (/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland) Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) Eastern Armenia (/wiki/Armenian_dress) Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing) Kelaghayi (/wiki/Kelaghayi) Ukraine (/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing) Kobeniak (/wiki/Kobeniak) Kozhukh (/wiki/Kozhukh) Kozhushanka (/wiki/Kozhushanka) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Sharovary (/wiki/Sharovary) Vyshyvanka (/wiki/Vyshyvanka) Ukrainian wreath (/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath) Russia Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Lapti (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Western Netherlands Poffer (/wiki/Poffer) Kraplap (/wiki/Kraplap) Oorijzer (/wiki/Oorijzer) France Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) Spain Traje de flamenca (/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Cachirulo (/wiki/Cachirulo) Cordovan hat (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Italy Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Scandinavian Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) Iceland (/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume) Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming) Nationella dräkten (/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten) Bäckadräkten (/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten) Sverigedräkten (/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1) South America Aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) Chile Chamanto (/wiki/Chamanto) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Chilote poncho (/wiki/Chilote_poncho) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) Liqui liqui (/wiki/Liqui_liqui) Lliklla (/wiki/Lliklla) Panama hat (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pollera (/wiki/Pollera) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) North America Inuit skin clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Tignon (/wiki/Tignon) Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) Western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) Bolo tie (/wiki/Bolo_tie) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Huipil (/wiki/Huipil) Mexico Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Mexican pointy boots (/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots) Rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) Serape (/wiki/Serape) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Quechquemitl (/wiki/Quechquemitl) Oceania Grass skirt (/wiki/Grass_skirt) Feather cloak (/wiki/Feather_cloak) I-sala (/wiki/I-sala) Lap-lap (/wiki/Lap-lap) Lavalava (/wiki/Lavalava) Kiekie (/wiki/Kiekie_(clothing)) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Sulu (/wiki/Sulu_(skirt)) Taʻovala (/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala) Tēfui (/wiki/T%C4%93fui) Tupenu (/wiki/Tupenu) v t e Indonesian clothing (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Clothing identified with Indonesian culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) and still worn today Textiles and weaving Geringsing (/wiki/Geringsing) Kain Bali (/wiki/Balinese_textiles) Kain Sumba (/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba) Kain kulit kayu (/wiki/Barkcloth) Lurik Songket (/wiki/Songket) Tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Indonesian_weaving_style)) Tenun (/wiki/Tenun) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Dyeing Batik (/wiki/Batik) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Jumputan (/wiki/Tie-dye) Prada Clothing Angkin (/wiki/Sash) Baju Bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Baju kain rumput Baju Koko Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Beskap Cawat (/wiki/Loincloth) Kain jarik Kain panjang Kain samping (/wiki/Samping) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kemeja Batik (/wiki/Batik) Koje Koteka (/wiki/Koteka) Rok Rumbia Sarung (/wiki/Sarong) Selendang (/wiki/Sash) Surjan Uis Gara Headgear Beluko Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Caping (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Iket Jamang Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Kerudung (/wiki/Veil) Kopiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Konde or sanggul (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( hair extension (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) ) Makuta (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Peci (/wiki/Songkok) Siger Suntiang Tanjak (/wiki/Tanjak) (destar) Tengkuluk Tudung (/wiki/Tudong) Udeng Jewelry and ornaments Anting-anting (/wiki/Earring) Cincin (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) Gelang (/wiki/Bracelet) Giwang Gesper (/wiki/Belt_buckle) Kembang goyang (cunduk mentul) Kelat bahu (/wiki/Arm_ring) Kerongsang Pending Sabuk 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Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&from=Z) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6457fbf49b‐gctg7 Cached time: 20240706000746 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.101 seconds Real time usage: 0.127 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 325/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32235/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3537/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4140/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.020/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 640556/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 114.698 1 -total 65.58% 75.218 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 62.94% 72.187 2 Template:Category_other 59.16% 67.851 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 51.55% 59.129 1 Template:Category_TOC 41.05% 47.087 1 Template:TOC_top 34.22% 39.250 1 Template:Portal 32.25% 36.995 1 Template:Flatlist 2.78% 3.184 1 Template:TOC_bottom 1.90% 2.182 1 Template:Category_TOC/tracking Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:8511386-0!canonical and timestamp 20240706000746 and revision id 951384145. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. * Defunct clothing retailers of the United States (/wiki/Category:Defunct_clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States) ‎ (27 P) A Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Category:Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) ‎ (2 C, 15 P) Ascena Retail Group (/wiki/Category:Ascena_Retail_Group) ‎ (6 P) C Carson Pirie Scott (/wiki/Category:Carson_Pirie_Scott) ‎ (3 P) F Footwear retailers of the United States (/wiki/Category:Footwear_retailers_of_the_United_States) ‎ (1 C, 28 P) M Meier & Frank (/wiki/Category:Meier_%26_Frank) ‎ (6 P) O Online clothing retailers of the United States (/wiki/Category:Online_clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States) ‎ (65 P) Pages in category "Clothing retailers of the United States" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 265 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . (previous page) ( next page (/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&pagefrom=Paul+Stuart#mw-pages) ) 0–9 5-7-9 (/wiki/5-7-9) A Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) Abraham & Straus (/wiki/Abraham_%26_Straus) Acorn Stores (/wiki/Acorn_Stores) Aéropostale (company) (/wiki/A%C3%A9ropostale_(company)) Al's Formal Wear (/wiki/Al%27s_Formal_Wear) Aldens (department store) (/wiki/Aldens_(department_store)) Alkemeyer Commercial Buildings (/wiki/Alkemeyer_Commercial_Buildings) Alo Yoga (/wiki/Alo_Yoga) American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) American Eagle Outfitters (/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters) Anchor Blue Clothing Company (/wiki/Anchor_Blue_Clothing_Company) Andy & Evan (/wiki/Andy_%26_Evan) Anine Bing (/wiki/Anine_Bing) Ann Inc. (/wiki/Ann_Inc.) Anthropologie (/wiki/Anthropologie) Ascena Retail Group (/wiki/Ascena_Retail_Group) Avenue (store) (/wiki/Avenue_(store)) B Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic) Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) Barneys Warehouse (/wiki/Barneys_Warehouse) BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) Ben Cooper, Inc. (/wiki/Ben_Cooper,_Inc.) Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) B. Forman Co. (/wiki/B._Forman_Co.) BHLDN (/wiki/BHLDN) Bigsby & Kruthers (/wiki/Bigsby_%26_Kruthers) BikiniLuxe (/wiki/BikiniLuxe) Billionaire Boys Club (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Billionaire_Boys_Club_(clothing_retailer)) Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) Bode (fashion brand) (/wiki/Bode_(fashion_brand)) Bonobos (apparel) (/wiki/Bonobos_(apparel)) BonWorth (/wiki/BonWorth) Boscov's (/wiki/Boscov%27s) Brayola (/wiki/Brayola) Brideside (/wiki/Brideside) Brighton Collectibles (/wiki/Brighton_Collectibles) Brooks Brothers (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) Buckle (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Buckle_(clothing_retailer)) Buffalo Exchange (/wiki/Buffalo_Exchange) C C. Wonder (/wiki/C._Wonder) Cactus Plant Flea Market (/wiki/Cactus_Plant_Flea_Market) Camp Beverly Hills (/wiki/Camp_Beverly_Hills) Campmor (/wiki/Campmor) Carter's (/wiki/Carter%27s) Cato Corporation (/wiki/Cato_Corporation) Charivari (store) (/wiki/Charivari_(store)) Charlotte Russe (retailer) (/wiki/Charlotte_Russe_(retailer)) Charming Charlie (/wiki/Charming_Charlie) Charming Shoppes (/wiki/Charming_Shoppes) Chess King (/wiki/Chess_King) Chico's FAS (/wiki/Chico%27s_FAS) The Children's Place (/wiki/The_Children%27s_Place) Christopher & Banks (/wiki/Christopher_%26_Banks) Citi Trends (/wiki/Citi_Trends) CJ Banks (/wiki/CJ_Banks) Club Libby Lu (/wiki/Club_Libby_Lu) Club Monaco (/wiki/Club_Monaco) Coldwater Creek (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Coldwater_Creek_(clothing_retailer)) Colorado Trading & Clothing (/wiki/Colorado_Trading_%26_Clothing) Cool-jams (/wiki/Cool-jams) County Seat (store) (/wiki/County_Seat_(store)) Crazy Shirts (/wiki/Crazy_Shirts) D Dash (boutique) (/wiki/Dash_(boutique)) Dash's Designer (/wiki/Dash%27s_Designer) David's Bridal (/wiki/David%27s_Bridal) Davidson's (/wiki/Davidson%27s) De Pinna (/wiki/De_Pinna) Deb Shops (/wiki/Deb_Shops) Denim & Soul (/wiki/Denim_%26_Soul) Destination Maternity (/wiki/Destination_Maternity) Destination XL Group (/wiki/Destination_XL_Group) Dick's Sporting Goods (/wiki/Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods) Dillard's (/wiki/Dillard%27s) DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) DL1961 (/wiki/DL1961) Donaldson's (/wiki/Donaldson%27s) Dressbarn (/wiki/Dressbarn) Duluth Trading Company (/wiki/Duluth_Trading_Company) E EbLens (/wiki/EbLens) Eddie Bauer (/wiki/Eddie_Bauer) Elder-Beerman (/wiki/Elder-Beerman) Enfants Riches Déprimés (/wiki/Enfants_Riches_D%C3%A9prim%C3%A9s) Evo (company) (/wiki/Evo_(company)) Express, Inc. (/wiki/Express,_Inc.) F Fanzz (/wiki/Fanzz) Fashion Nova (/wiki/Fashion_Nova) Fashion to Figure (/wiki/Fashion_to_Figure) Femme for DKNY (/wiki/Femme_for_DKNY) Filene's (/wiki/Filene%27s) Eileen Fisher (/wiki/Eileen_Fisher) Fleet Feet (/wiki/Fleet_Feet) Foley's (/wiki/Foley%27s) Foot Locker (/wiki/Foot_Locker) Forever 21 (/wiki/Forever_21) Forth & Towne (/wiki/Forth_%26_Towne) Francesca's (/wiki/Francesca%27s) Fred Segal (/wiki/Fred_Segal) Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) Free People (/wiki/Free_People) Fruition (fashion company) (/wiki/Fruition_(fashion_company)) FullBeauty Brands (/wiki/FullBeauty_Brands) G G&L Clothing (/wiki/G%26L_Clothing) Gant (company) (/wiki/Gant_(company)) Gantos (/wiki/Gantos) Garfinckel's (/wiki/Garfinckel%27s) Garment District (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Garment_District_(clothing_retailer)) Gart Sports (/wiki/Gart_Sports) Gilly Hicks (/wiki/Gilly_Hicks) Glik's (/wiki/Glik%27s) Goody's (department store) (/wiki/Goody%27s_(department_store)) Guess (company) (/wiki/Guess_(company)) Gymboree (/wiki/Gymboree) H Halle Brothers Co. (/wiki/Halle_Brothers_Co.) Halls (department store) (/wiki/Halls_(department_store)) Hamilton Shirts (/wiki/Hamilton_Shirts) Hamrick's (/wiki/Hamrick%27s) Harzfeld's (/wiki/Harzfeld%27s) The Hempest (/wiki/The_Hempest) Hengerer's (/wiki/Hengerer%27s) Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) Henry's (clothiers) (/wiki/Henry%27s_(clothiers)) Herberger's (/wiki/Herberger%27s) Hickey Freeman (/wiki/Hickey_Freeman) Hickson Inc. (/wiki/Hickson_Inc.) Hot Topic (/wiki/Hot_Topic) House of Thurn (/wiki/House_of_Thurn) Hudson's (/wiki/Hudson%27s) I Imitation of Christ (designs) (/wiki/Imitation_of_Christ_(designs)) Individualized Apparel Group (/wiki/Individualized_Apparel_Group) Island Company (/wiki/Island_Company) J J Brand (/wiki/J_Brand) J. Peterman Company (/wiki/J._Peterman_Company) J. Press (/wiki/J._Press) Janie and Jack (/wiki/Janie_and_Jack) Jay Jacobs (retailer) (/wiki/Jay_Jacobs_(retailer)) Jenni Rivera Fashion (/wiki/Jenni_Rivera_Fashion) Jessica McClintock, Inc. (/wiki/Jessica_McClintock,_Inc.) John's Crazy Socks (/wiki/John%27s_Crazy_Socks) Johnny Cupcakes (/wiki/Johnny_Cupcakes) Johnson Woolen Mills (/wiki/Johnson_Woolen_Mills) Johnston & Murphy (/wiki/Johnston_%26_Murphy) Jos. A. Bank (/wiki/Jos._A._Bank) K Karen Millen (/wiki/Karen_Millen) Karmaloop (/wiki/Karmaloop) Kaufmann's (/wiki/Kaufmann%27s) Kenneth Cole Productions (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_Productions) Kith (brand) (/wiki/Kith_(brand)) Kitson (store) (/wiki/Kitson_(store)) Kohl's (/wiki/Kohl%27s) Kuppenheimer (/wiki/Kuppenheimer) L Lane Bryant (/wiki/Lane_Bryant) Lansky Brothers (/wiki/Lansky_Brothers) Lazarus (department store) (/wiki/Lazarus_(department_store)) League Collegiate Wear (/wiki/League_Collegiate_Wear) Leh's (/wiki/Leh%27s) Life Is Good Company (/wiki/Life_Is_Good_Company) Lillie Rubin (/wiki/Lillie_Rubin) The Limited (/wiki/The_Limited) Limited Too (/wiki/Limited_Too) J.Lindeberg (/wiki/J.Lindeberg) Live Breathe Futbol (/wiki/Live_Breathe_Futbol) Loeb's (department store) (/wiki/Loeb%27s_(department_store)) Lucchese Boot Company (/wiki/Lucchese_Boot_Company) LuLaRoe (/wiki/LuLaRoe) M Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) Macy's, Inc. (/wiki/Macy%27s,_Inc.) Madhappy (/wiki/Madhappy) Manpacks (/wiki/Manpacks) Marciano Stores (/wiki/Marciano_Stores) Marmot (company) (/wiki/Marmot_(company)) Marshalls (/wiki/Marshalls) Maui and Sons (/wiki/Maui_and_Sons) Maurices (/wiki/Maurices) The May Department Stores Company (/wiki/The_May_Department_Stores_Company) McGinty's Department Store (/wiki/McGinty%27s_Department_Store) McKids (/wiki/McKids) Meier & Frank (/wiki/Meier_%26_Frank) Mervyn's (/wiki/Mervyn%27s) Milly (fashion brand) (/wiki/Milly_(fashion_brand)) Moosejaw (/wiki/Moosejaw) Morsam Fashions (/wiki/Morsam_Fashions) MW Tux (/wiki/MW_Tux) N Naartjie (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Naartjie_(clothing_retailer)) Nau (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Nau_(clothing_retailer)) Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) Neiman Marcus Group (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Group) New York & Company (/wiki/New_York_%26_Company) Noah (brand) (/wiki/Noah_(brand)) Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) Nordstrom Rack (/wiki/Nordstrom_Rack) Norm Thompson Outfitters (/wiki/Norm_Thompson_Outfitters) Nygård International (/wiki/Nyg%C3%A5rd_International) O Oaklandish (/wiki/Oaklandish) Online Ceramics (/wiki/Online_Ceramics) Orr's (/wiki/Orr%27s) Oshman's Sporting Goods (/wiki/Oshman%27s_Sporting_Goods) Outdoor Research (/wiki/Outdoor_Research) P PacSun (/wiki/PacSun) Palace Lodge (Winslow, Indiana) (/wiki/Palace_Lodge_(Winslow,_Indiana)) (previous page) ( next page (/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&pagefrom=Paul+Stuart#mw-pages) ) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&oldid=951384145 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_States&oldid=951384145) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_the_United_States) Retail companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_of_the_United_States) Clothing retailers by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_by_country) Hidden categories: Template Category TOC via Automatic category TOC on category with 201–300 pages (/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_Automatic_category_TOC_on_category_with_201%E2%80%93300_pages) Automatic category TOC generates standard Category TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC)
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Perfume by David Beckham David Beckham Homme Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) Top notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Citrus (/wiki/Citrus) ginger (/wiki/Ginger) pine (/wiki/Pine) pepper (/wiki/Cubeb) Heart notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Cashmere wood (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) leather (/wiki/Leather) rosemary (/wiki/Rosemary) Base notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Mahogany wood (/wiki/Mahogany) patchouli (/wiki/Patchouli) skin musk (/wiki/Musk) Released September 2011 Label Coty (/wiki/Coty) Tagline (/wiki/Tagline) The new fragrance Flanker(s) (/wiki/Flanker_(perfume)) Urban Homme by David Beckham Predecessor Intimately Beckham Successor The Essence David Beckham Homme is a men's eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) . The scent, which was released by Coty (/wiki/Coty) in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) . The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller (/wiki/Simon_Fuller) , which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. Conception [ edit ] It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) and his business partner, Simon Fuller (/wiki/Simon_Fuller) , would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty (/wiki/Coty) ), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. [1] (#cite_note-Beckham_takes_his_shot-1) The fragrance, entitled David Beckham Homme, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (/wiki/David_Beckham_Instinct) (2005) and Intimately Beckham (/wiki/Intimately_Beckham) (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) . [1] (#cite_note-Beckham_takes_his_shot-1) A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a "uniform visual identity" for the brand. [1] (#cite_note-Beckham_takes_his_shot-1) The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole "punched out of the script". [1] (#cite_note-Beckham_takes_his_shot-1) The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder (/wiki/Viewfinder) . [1] (#cite_note-Beckham_takes_his_shot-1) Willis stated that the major challenge when creating the brand identity for Beckham was: "How do you convey through a brand mark the sheer diversity of the David Beckham world?". [1] (#cite_note-Beckham_takes_his_shot-1) Development [ edit ] David designed the scent with Victoria's preferences in mind. Beckham designed the scent with Victoria's preferences in mind, as the scent is something that she has to "put up with" being on him. [2] (#cite_note-People_Homme_Ad-2) He tested the fragrance out on his three sons, stating that: "That's the good thing about having three boys, they are so honest". [2] (#cite_note-People_Homme_Ad-2) David Beckham Homme is based on wooden and spicy notes. [3] (#cite_note-MuchMusic-3) Beckham has cited rosewood, pink grapefruit and pepper as being three of his favourite scents. According to Beckham, the scents "gives it a kind of leather, cashmere, woody feel"; something that he has liked in the scents he has worn "over the years". [4] (#cite_note-Style_News_Interview-4) Marketing and reception [ edit ] The print campaign for David Beckham Homme was shot by fashion photographer Alasdair McLellan in March 2011. [5] (#cite_note-Homme_ads_campaign_video-5) The photographs feature Beckham against a dark background, wearing a sleek charcoal gray suit. [5] (#cite_note-Homme_ads_campaign_video-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) According to Erin Donnelly of Fashion Etc., the styling gives Don Draper (/wiki/Don_Draper) "a run for his money". [5] (#cite_note-Homme_ads_campaign_video-5) A behind-the-scenes video of the photo shoot was released in on 19 July by British GQ (/wiki/GQ) . In the video, he discusses the inspiration behind the scent, poses in a suit and "runs around with his shirt off". [7] (#cite_note-7) The television advert for David Beckham Homme was directed by Anthony Mandler (/wiki/Anthony_Mandler) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Beckham appeared in a sketch on The Ellen DeGeneres Show (/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show) to promote the fragrance. In the sketch he is "almost unrecognisable" as he stood in the cosmetics aisle at a Target store, offering passing customers a sample spray of the scent. [9] (#cite_note-9) David Beckham Homme was included in Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) ' s list of the best colognes for men in 2011. [10] (#cite_note-The_Best_New_Way_to_Smell_Good_This_Season-10) Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) included the fragrance in their 2012 Christmas gift guide, commenting that: "The man in your life may not look like Mr Beckham – but at least he can smell like him". [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] List of celebrity-branded fragrances (/wiki/List_of_celebrity-branded_fragrances) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f "David Beckham Takes His Shot" (http://www.wwd.com/menswear-news/retail-business/beckham-takes-his-shot-3618160) . Women's Wear Daily . Condé Nast. 19 May 2011 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ a b "David Beckham Cologne, Homme" (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2011/09/28/david-beckham-cologne-homme-ad) . People Magazine (/wiki/People_Magazine) . Time, Inc (/wiki/Time,_Inc.) . 22 July 2011 . Retrieved 30 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-MuchMusic_3-0) "David Beckham releases Homme" (https://archive.today/20130129054126/http://blog.muchmusic.com/david-beckham-releases-homme) . Much Music (/wiki/Much_Music) . Bell Media (/wiki/Bell_Media) . 25 July 2011. Archived from the original (http://blog.muchmusic.com/david-beckham-releases-homme) on 29 January 2013 . Retrieved 30 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Style_News_Interview_4-0) Punter, Jessica (12 October 2011). "David Beckham 2011 interview on Homme fragrance" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2011-10/05/gq-style-news-david-beckham-interview-homme-fragrance) . GQ UK . Condé Nast UK . Retrieved 30 December 2012 . ^ a b c "David Beckham Homme Ad Campaign – Behind the Scenes" (http://fashionetc.com/news/celebrity/2500-homme-david-beckham-ads-campaign-video) . Fashion Etc. 19 July 2011 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "David Beckham Cologne" (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2011/07/22/david-beckham-cologne-pictures) . People Magazine . Time, Inc. 19 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Millar, Jamie. "David Beckham Homme fragrance campaign behind-the-scenes video" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110722050949/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2011-07/19/gq-grooming-david-beckham-homme-fragrance-video) . GQ UK . Condé Nast UK. Archived from the original (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2011-07/19/gq-grooming-david-beckham-homme-fragrance-video) on 22 July 2011 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "David Beckham to launch new men's fragrance" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/david-beckham-to-launch-new-mens-fragrance/821229) . The Indian Express (/wiki/The_Indian_Express) . 23 July 2011 . Retrieved 30 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Deen, Sarah (17 September 2011). "David Beckham dons glasses to fool shoppers in supermarket TV sketch" (http://metro.co.uk/2011/09/17/david-beckham-dons-glasses-to-fool-shoppers-in-ellen-degeneres-supermarket-sketch-153889) . Metro (/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)) . Associated Newspapers . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Best_New_Way_to_Smell_Good_This_Season_10-0) "David Beckham Homme – Best New Colognes for Men 2011" (http://www.esquire.com/the-side/style-guides/best-new-colognes-for-men-2011-david-beckham-homme) . Esquire . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "David Beckham Homme – Fashion and beauty Gift Guide 2012" (http://www.digitalspy.ca/celebrity/i517123-8/fashion-and-beauty-gift-guide-2012-david-beckham-homme.html) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Hearst Magazines UK (/wiki/Hearst_Magazines_UK) . 31 August 2012 . Retrieved 5 January 2013 . External links [ edit ] Homme (http://www.beckham-fragrances.com/#/product/homme) at Beckham-fragrances.com (http://www.beckham-fragrances.com) Urban Homme (http://www.beckham-fragrances.com/#/product/urban-homme) at Beckham-fragrances.com NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐l4bdz Cached time: 20240715120552 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.303 seconds Real time usage: 0.383 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1162/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26820/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1844/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 51835/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.158/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5510866/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 352.988 1 -total 40.95% 144.553 1 Template:Reflist 35.16% 124.109 11 Template:Cite_web 21.04% 74.275 1 Template:Short_description 20.79% 73.402 1 Template:Infobox_fragrance 19.86% 70.112 1 Template:Infobox 14.39% 50.785 5 Template:Main_other 12.93% 45.627 2 Template:Pagetype 10.02% 35.386 1 Template:Good_article 9.96% 35.147 3 Template:Flatlist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38072003-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715120552 and revision id 1178381491. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Beckham_Homme&oldid=1178381491 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Beckham_Homme&oldid=1178381491) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Products introduced in 2011 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2011) Products introduced in 2013 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2013) David Beckham perfumes (/wiki/Category:David_Beckham_perfumes) Perfumes released by Coty, Inc. (/wiki/Category:Perfumes_released_by_Coty,_Inc.) Celebrity perfumes (/wiki/Category:Celebrity_perfumes) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) Good articles (/wiki/Category:Good_articles)
The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roller skates (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roller_skates) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐84mgk Cached time: 20240720184348 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.080 seconds Real time usage: 0.142 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2857/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 302/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.046/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1058020/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 130.935 1 -total 66.62% 87.234 1 Template:Commons_cat 63.67% 83.369 1 Template:Sister_project 62.24% 81.491 1 Template:Side_box 33.27% 43.557 1 Template:Cat_main 3.85% 5.043 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:18989844-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720184348 and revision id 991866467. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Roller skates" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) D Dual Box (/wiki/Dual_Box) H Micajah C. Henley (/wiki/Micajah_C._Henley) I Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) P James Leonard Plimpton (/wiki/James_Leonard_Plimpton) R Roller shoe (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Rollerblade (/wiki/Rollerblade) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Roller_skates&oldid=991866467 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Roller_skates&oldid=991866467) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Sports footwear (/wiki/Category:Sports_footwear) Roller skating equipment (/wiki/Category:Roller_skating_equipment) Wheeled vehicles (/wiki/Category:Wheeled_vehicles) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Ancient Roman military clothing (/wiki/Ancient_Roman_military_clothing) from Roman Britain (/wiki/Roman_Britain) (43-410). NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐zcdng Cached time: 20240710171330 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62871293-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710171330 and revision id 1233742116. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Roman armour from Britain" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Crosby Garrett Helmet (/wiki/Crosby_Garrett_Helmet) G Guisborough Helmet (/wiki/Guisborough_Helmet) H Hallaton Helmet (/wiki/Hallaton_Helmet) W Witcham Gravel helmet (/wiki/Witcham_Gravel_helmet) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Roman_armour_from_Britain&oldid=1233742116 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Roman_armour_from_Britain&oldid=1233742116) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Military history of Roman Britain (/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Roman_Britain) Roman armour (/wiki/Category:Roman_armour)
This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_basketball_shoe_brands) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "List of basketball shoe brands" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+basketball+shoe+brands%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+basketball+shoe+brands%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+basketball+shoe+brands%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+basketball+shoe+brands%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+basketball+shoe+brands%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+basketball+shoe+brands%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Basketball shoes are sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) designed specifically for playing basketball (/wiki/Basketball) . Special shoe designs for basketball have existed since the 1920s. This list includes major brands of basketball shoe, listed by manufacturer and year of introduction. Adidas [ edit ] Main article: Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Jabbar – worn by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar) (1971) Campus (/wiki/Adidas_Campus) (1970s) Top 10 (1979) Forum (/wiki/Adidas_Forum) (1984) Ewing Rivalry 3 – worn by Patrick Ewing (/wiki/Patrick_Ewing) (1986) Real Deal II – worn by Antoine Walker (/wiki/Antoine_Walker) (1986) Ewing Attitude – worn by Patrick Ewing (1987) Ewing Conductor – worn by Patrick Ewing (1987) Mutombo – worn by Dikembe Mutombo (/wiki/Dikembe_Mutombo) (1992) EQT Elevation – worn by Kobe Bryant (/wiki/Kobe_Bryant) (1996) EQT Top Ten – worn by Kobe Bryant (1996) K8B (Kobe Bryant signature shoe) (1997) Real Deal – worn by Antonie Walker (1997) KB82 – worn by Kobe Bryant (1998) Bromium – worn by Chris Webber (/wiki/Chris_Webber) (1999) KB8 III – worn by Kobe Bryant (1999) TMAC – worn by Tracy McGrady (/wiki/Tracy_McGrady) (2002) TMAC 2 – worn by Tracy McGrady (2003) TMAC III – worn by Tracy McGrady (2004) C-Billups – worn by Chauncey Billups (/wiki/Chauncey_Billups) (2006) Kevin Garnett III – worn by Kevin Garnett (/wiki/Kevin_Garnett) (2006) TMAC VI – worn by Tracy McGrady (2006) Skyhoot Plus Low – worn by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2007) adiZero Rose – worn by Derrick Rose (/wiki/Derrick_Rose) (2009) TS Commander LIte "Skeleton" – worn by Tim Duncan (/wiki/Tim_Duncan) (2009) adiZero Rose 1.5 – worn by Derrick Rose (2010) Superbeast – worn by Dwight Howard (/wiki/Dwight_Howard) (2010) Dame line – worn by Damian Lillard (/wiki/Damian_Lillard) (2014–present) Harden line – worn by James Harden (/wiki/James_Harden) (2016–present) D.O.N. line – worn by Donovan Mitchell (/wiki/Donovan_Mitchell) (2018–present) Trae Young line – worn by Trae Young (/wiki/Trae_Young) (2021–present) AE line – worn by Anthony Edwards (/wiki/Anthony_Edwards_(basketball)) (2024–present)) AND1 [ edit ] Main article: AND1 (/wiki/AND1) Athletic Propulsion Labs [ edit ] Load 'N Launch (2009) [1] (#cite_note-1) Anta [ edit ] Main article: Anta Sports (/wiki/Anta_Sports) GH – worn by Gordon Hayward (/wiki/Gordon_Hayward) (present) KT – worn by Klay Thompson (/wiki/Klay_Thompson) (present) KAI - worn by Kyrie Irving (/wiki/Kyrie_Irving) (present) Converse [ edit ] Main article: Converse (brand) (/wiki/Converse_(brand)) Converse Chuck Taylor All-Stars Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) (1918) Weapon (1986) Shai Gilgeous-Alexander (present) Ektio [ edit ] Wraptor (2010) Post Up (2010) [2] (#cite_note-2) Gaze [ edit ] Main article: Andrew Gaze § Off the court (/wiki/Andrew_Gaze#Off_the_court) Jordan [ edit ] Main article: Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) Melo line – worn by Carmelo Anthony (/wiki/Carmelo_Anthony) (2003–2017) CP3 line – worn by Chris Paul (/wiki/Chris_Paul) (2008–2019) Fly Wade line – worn by Dwyane Wade (/wiki/Dwyane_Wade) (2009–2012) Why Not line – worn by Russell Westbrook (/wiki/Russell_Westbrook) (2013–present) Zion line – worn by Zion Williamson (/wiki/Zion_Williamson) (2021–present) Luka line – worn by Luka Dončić (/wiki/Luka_Don%C4%8Di%C4%87) (2022–present) Tatum line – worn by Jayson Tatum (/wiki/Jayson_Tatum) (2023–present) Li-Ning [ edit ] Main article: Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Way of Wade – worn by Dwyane Wade (/wiki/Dwyane_Wade) from 2012 until his 2018 retirement, and remains in production today JB line – worn by Jimmy Butler (/wiki/Jimmy_Butler) (2021–present) CJ line – worn by CJ McCollum (/wiki/CJ_McCollum) (2021–present) New Balance [ edit ] Main article: New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) KAWHI line worn by Kawhi Leonard (/wiki/Kawhi_Leonard) (2020–present) Nike [ edit ] Main article: Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) 2012 Nike Blazers Blazer (/wiki/Nike_Blazer) (1973) Dunk (/wiki/Nike_Dunk) (1985) Terminator (/wiki/Nike_Terminator) (1985) Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) (1985) Air Max (/wiki/Nike_Air_Max) (1987) LeBron signature line – worn by LeBron James (/wiki/LeBron_James) (2003–present) Kobe signature line – worn by Kobe Bryant (/wiki/Kobe_Bryant) (2005–2016, still in production today) KD signature line – worn by Kevin Durant (/wiki/Kevin_Durant) (2008–present) Hyper series (2008) Kyrie signature line – worn by Kyrie Irving (/wiki/Kyrie_Irving) (2014–2022) PG signature line – worn by Paul George (/wiki/Paul_George) (2017–2022) Zoom Freak signature line – worn by Giannis Antetokounmpo (/wiki/Giannis_Antetokounmpo) (2019–present) Ja signature line – worn by Ja Morant (/wiki/Ja_Morant) (2022–present) Sabrina signature line – worn by Sabrina Ionescu (/wiki/Sabrina_Ionescu) (2023–present) Book signature line – worn by Devin Booker (/wiki/Devin_Booker) (2024–present) Pro-Keds [ edit ] Main article: Pro-Keds (/wiki/Pro-Keds) Royal (1949) Shotmaker (1980) Puma [ edit ] Main article: Puma (brand) (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Clyde (/wiki/Puma_Clyde) – designed for Walt Frazier (/wiki/Walt_Frazier) (1973) Puma All-Pro Nitro – worn by R.J. Barrett (/wiki/R.J._Barrett) (2018–present) MB line – worn by LaMelo Ball (/wiki/LaMelo_Ball) (2021–present) Stewie line – worn by Breanna Stewart (/wiki/Breanna_Stewart) (2022–present) Scoot line – worn by Scoot Henderson (/wiki/Scoot_Henderson) (2023–present) Reebok [ edit ] Main article: Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Pump (/wiki/Reebok_Pump) (1989) Shaq Attaq – worn by Shaquille O'Neal (/wiki/Shaquille_O%27Neal) (1992) The Answer – worn by Allen Iverson (/wiki/Allen_Iverson) (1997) Starbury [ edit ] Main article: Starbury (/wiki/Starbury) Big Ben – Worn by Ben Wallace (/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(basketball)) (2007) Stephon Marbury (/wiki/Stephon_Marbury) signature line (2006–2009) Under Armour [ edit ] Main article: Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Under Armour Black Ice Micro G (2010) Curry line – worn by Stephen Curry (/wiki/Stephen_Curry) (2015–2020) Curry Brand – worn by Stephen Curry and De'Aaron Fox (/wiki/De%27Aaron_Fox) (2020–present) Embiid line – worn by Joel Embiid (/wiki/Joel_Embiid) (2020) Xtep [ edit ] Main article: Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) JLIN ONE (2020) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Load 'N Launch Technology" (http://www.athleticpropulsionlabs.com/load-n-launch-technology.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Ektio shoes prevent ankle sprains" (http://solecollector.com/Sneakers/News/Ektio-Shoes-Aims-to-Make-Ankle-Sprains-an-Afterthought/) . External links [ edit ] "Every NBA player with a signature sneaker deal" at Sole Retriever (https://www.soleretriever.com/news/articles/every-nba-player-that-has-a-signature-sneaker-2022-2023) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐z9xpx Cached time: 20240721212402 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.318 seconds Real time usage: 0.433 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 709/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17575/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 301/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 17/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14149/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.205/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3909906/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 383.336 1 -total 31.64% 121.282 1 Template:Reflist 27.89% 106.896 2 Template:Cite_web 24.88% 95.382 1 Template:Short_description 24.36% 93.364 1 Template:More_citations_needed 22.12% 84.787 1 Template:Ambox 17.64% 67.606 15 Template:Main 13.50% 51.755 2 Template:Pagetype 6.16% 23.615 3 Template:Main_other 5.30% 20.324 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41139172-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721212402 and revision id 1226309249. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_basketball_shoe_brands&oldid=1226309249 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_basketball_shoe_brands&oldid=1226309249) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Athletic shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Athletic_shoe_brands) Lists of brands (/wiki/Category:Lists_of_brands) Clothing-related lists (/wiki/Category:Clothing-related_lists) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from November 2013 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2013) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references)
British talent agent Camilla Lowther OBE (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) Nationality British Occupation(s) booking agent, businesswoman Spouse Charles Aboah Children Adwoa Aboah (/wiki/Adwoa_Aboah) Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) Relatives Lowther family (/wiki/Earl_of_Lonsdale) Camilla Ann Lowther OBE (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) is a British fashion booking agent and the founder of Camilla Lowther Management. Early life and family [ edit ] Lowther is the daughter of Captain Anthony George Lowther and Lavinia Joyce. Her father, the second son of Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther (/wiki/Anthony_Lowther,_Viscount_Lowther) , served as Sheriff of Westmorland (/wiki/Sheriff_of_Westmorland) , Master of the Ullswater Foxhounds, and Chairman of the Cumbria Constabulary (/wiki/Cumbria_Constabulary) . Her mother, who was from San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) and Pasadena, California (/wiki/Pasadena,_California) , was the daughter of Lt.-Col. Thomas H. Joyce, officer in the United States Air Force (/wiki/United_States_Air_Force) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Lowther is a paternal great-granddaughter of Lancelot Lowther, 6th Earl of Lonsdale (/wiki/Lancelot_Lowther,_6th_Earl_of_Lonsdale) and of Sir George Farrar, 1st Baronet (/wiki/George_Farrar) . She was the niece of James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale (/wiki/James_Lowther,_7th_Earl_of_Lonsdale) and is a first cousin of Hugh Lowther, 8th Earl of Lonsdale (/wiki/Hugh_Lowther,_8th_Earl_of_Lonsdale) . Lowther grew up at Whitbysteads Farm in Askham, Cumbria (/wiki/Askham,_Cumbria) , near Lowther Castle (/wiki/Lowther_Castle) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Lowther started her career in fashion as a model, doing an advertisement campaign for Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) in the 1980s. [3] (#cite_note-office-3) She later founded the talent agency Camilla Lowther Management, also called CLM, in London in 1984. The agency manages photographers, stylists, designers, make-up artists, and fashion models. Lowther has represented Juergen Teller (/wiki/Juergen_Teller) , Shonna Heath (/w/index.php?title=Shonna_Heath&action=edit&redlink=1) , Corinne Day (/wiki/Corinne_Day) , Josh Olins (/w/index.php?title=Josh_Olins&action=edit&redlink=1) , and Tim Walker (/wiki/Tim_Walker) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1996 she launched CLMUS in New York. Lowther sold CLM and CLMUS to The Great Bowery in 2014. [5] (#cite_note-5) She was voted one of 100 Most Connected Women by British GQ (/wiki/British_GQ) . [3] (#cite_note-office-3) Personal life [ edit ] Lowther lives in Westbourne, London (/wiki/Westbourne,_London) . [6] (#cite_note-6) She is married to Charles Aboah, a talent scout from Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) . [7] (#cite_note-7) She is the mother of models Adwoa Aboah (/wiki/Adwoa_Aboah) and Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) . [3] (#cite_note-office-3) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Lowther was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) (OBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours (/wiki/2020_New_Year_Honours) for her services to British fashion and photography. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "502nd Bomb Group – Group Command and Staff" (https://www.315bw.org/502bg.html) . www.315bw.org . 23 August 2006 . Retrieved 16 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Woman with great literary mind" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200214175603/https://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/woman-with-great-literary-mind.167321.html) . www.cwherald.com . 11 January 2003. Archived from the original (https://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/woman-with-great-literary-mind.167321.html) on 14 February 2020 . Retrieved 28 December 2019 . ^ a b c "Camilla Lowther" (http://officemagazine.net/interview/camilla-lowther) . Office Magazine . 7 September 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) D’Souza, Christa (25 November 2018). "Meet Camilla Lowther, the booking agent behind Juergen Teller, Tim Walker and more, and mother to the supermodel Adwoa Aboah" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/meet-camilla-lowther-the-booking-agent-behind-juergen-teller-tim-walker-and-more-and-mother-to-the-supermodel-adwoa-aboah-sbvczvh9z) – via www.thetimes.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Camilla Lowther is part of the BoF 500" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/camilla-lowther) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Steafel, Eleanor (6 August 2018). " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/had-everything-felt-nothing-model-adwoa-aboah-day-decided/) 'I had everything, but I felt nothing' - model Adwoa Aboah on the day she decided to take her own life" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/had-everything-felt-nothing-model-adwoa-aboah-day-decided/) . The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Blanks, Tim (19 September 2017). "The Fall and Rise of Adwoa Aboah" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/people/the-fall-and-rise-of-adwoa-aboah) . The Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Potter, Olivia (25 November 2018). "Supermodel's mother opens up on regret about sending daughter to boarding school: 'She didn't want to go' (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/adwoa-aboah-millfield-camilla-lowther-boarding-school-model-a8650841.html) " (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/adwoa-aboah-millfield-camilla-lowther-boarding-school-model-a8650841.html) . The Independent . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Teller, Juergen (23 November 2017). " (http://system-magazine.com/the-aboah-family/) '... and none of us have changed.' (http://system-magazine.com/the-aboah-family/) " (http://system-magazine.com/the-aboah-family/) . System (/wiki/System_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Wightman-Stone, Danielle (30 December 2019). "Founders of Matchesfashion named in New Year's Honours list" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/founders-of-matchesfashion-named-in-new-year-s-honours-list/2019123046798) . fashionunited.uk . 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Brazilian businesswoman This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=S%C3%B4nia_Hess_de_Souza&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=S%C3%B4nia+Hess+de+Souza&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=S%C3%B4nia+Hess+de+Souza) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=S%C3%B4nia_Hess_de_Souza) for suggestions. ( June 2024 ) Sônia Hess de Souza Born 1959 (age 64–65) Luiz Alves (/wiki/Luiz_Alves) Nationality Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) Occupation Businesswoman (/wiki/Businesswoman) Sônia Hess de Souza ( Luiz Alves, SC (/wiki/Luiz_Alves) , born 1959) is a Brazilian businesswoman (/wiki/Businesswoman) , vice-president (/wiki/Vice-president) of the Women Group of Brazil, and former president of shirt company Dudalina (https://www.dudalina.com.br/sobre-a-dudalina) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Her parents are Duda and Adelina, she is the second oldest child among 16 siblings. She left home at 17 to study in Spain (/wiki/Spain) . On her return, she stayed in São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) , where she was responsible for Dudalina's marketing area. Sônia took over the company in 2003 and was responsible for an annual growth of 30% of the brand since 2009. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2008, Adelina died, and Dudalina was the largest shirt shop in the country, as she worked hard to maintain the difficult balance in family businesses. With the company in order, Sônia decided to fulfill a promise she had made to her mother - to ensure a peaceful future for the family and the unity of the siblings. [4] (#cite_note-4) The solution was to sell the company, even if some of the siblings were unhappy. Sônia gathered her siblings together and, in a vote, managed to get eight votes in favor of the sale. In 2013, she was elected by the American magazine Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) as the sixth most powerful business woman in Brazil. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) " (https://www.fiesp.com.br/noticias/a-gente-precisa-ter-paixao-em-tudo-o-que-faz-diz-sonia-hess-no-festemp-da-fiesp/) 'A gente precisa ter paixão em tudo o que faz', diz Sônia Hess no Festemp da Fiesp" (https://www.fiesp.com.br/noticias/a-gente-precisa-ter-paixao-em-tudo-o-que-faz-diz-sonia-hess-no-festemp-da-fiesp/) . FIESP (in Brazilian Portuguese). ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Eleita a 6ª mulher mais poderosa do país, presidente da Dudalina prepara sucessor" (http://economia.ig.com.br/empresas/2013-07-23/eleita-6-mulher-mais-poderosa-do-pais-presidente-da-dudalina-prepara-sucessor.html) (in Brazilian Portuguese). iG (/wiki/Internet_Group) . July 23, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "A herdeira que vestiu a camisa da Dudalina" (http://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame-pme/edicoes/0046/noticias/a-herdeira-que-vestiu-a-camisa?page=1) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Exame.com (/wiki/Exame.com) . March 20, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Uma empresa, a Dudalina, e 16 irmãos em conflito" (https://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/os-dezesseis-filhos-de-adelina/) . EXAME (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 2020-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The 10 Most Powerful Businesswomen In Brazil" (https://www.forbes.com/pictures/eglg45gfmkg/no-6-s%C3%B4nia-hess-de-souza-12/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . May 29, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140426234116/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/eglg45gfmkg/no-6-s%C3%B4nia-hess-de-souza-12/) from the original on April 26, 2014. This Brazilian business-related biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. Clothing retailers of England (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_England) ‎ (72 P) Clothing retailers of Scotland (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Scotland) ‎ (8 P) Clothing retailers of Wales (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Wales) ‎ (1 P) A Asda (/wiki/Category:Asda) ‎ (1 C, 8 P) O Online clothing retailers of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Online_clothing_retailers_of_the_United_Kingdom) ‎ (12 P) T Tesco (/wiki/Category:Tesco) ‎ (2 C, 47 P, 4 F) Pages in category "Clothing retailers of the United Kingdom" The following 88 pages are in this category, out of 88 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . List of clothing and footwear shops in the United Kingdom (/wiki/List_of_clothing_and_footwear_shops_in_the_United_Kingdom) A Arcadia Group (/wiki/Arcadia_Group) Ark Clothing (/wiki/Ark_Clothing) Asda (/wiki/Asda) B Biba (/wiki/Biba) D Dunn & Co. (/wiki/Dunn_%26_Co.) E Evans (retailer) (/wiki/Evans_(retailer)) F Faith (shoe retailer) (/wiki/Faith_(shoe_retailer)) FatFace (/wiki/FatFace) Fifty Shilling Tailors (/wiki/Fifty_Shilling_Tailors) Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) Finnigans (/wiki/Finnigans) H House of CB (/wiki/House_of_CB) I Internacionale (/wiki/Internacionale) J Jane Norman (/wiki/Jane_Norman) JJB Sports (/wiki/JJB_Sports) John Collier (clothing retailer) (/wiki/John_Collier_(clothing_retailer)) JoJo Maman Bébé (/wiki/JoJo_Maman_B%C3%A9b%C3%A9) Joules (clothing) (/wiki/Joules_(clothing)) K Karen Millen (/wiki/Karen_Millen) Ray Kelvin (/wiki/Ray_Kelvin) L Launer London (/wiki/Launer_London) Lembrassa (/wiki/Lembrassa) Lipsy (/wiki/Lipsy) Long Tall Sally (retailer) (/wiki/Long_Tall_Sally_(retailer)) Lord John (/wiki/Lord_John) M M&Co. (/wiki/M%26Co.) Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) Matalan (/wiki/Matalan) Matches Fashion (/wiki/Matches_Fashion) Mates by Irvine Sellars (/wiki/Mates_by_Irvine_Sellars) Merc Clothing (/wiki/Merc_Clothing) Miss Selfridge (/wiki/Miss_Selfridge) Missguided (/wiki/Missguided) MK One (/wiki/MK_One) Monsoon Accessorize (/wiki/Monsoon_Accessorize) Moss Bros Group (/wiki/Moss_Bros_Group) Mr Freedom (fashion) (/wiki/Mr_Freedom_(fashion)) N Next plc (/wiki/Next_plc) P Peacocks (clothing) (/wiki/Peacocks_(clothing)) People Tree Ltd. (/wiki/People_Tree_Ltd.) Phase Eight (/wiki/Phase_Eight) Pretty Eccentric (/wiki/Pretty_Eccentric) PrettyLittleThing (/wiki/PrettyLittleThing) Principles (retailer) (/wiki/Principles_(retailer)) Proviz Sports (/wiki/Proviz_Sports) R Rat & Boa (/wiki/Rat_%26_Boa) Austin Reed (retailer) (/wiki/Austin_Reed_(retailer)) Republic (retailer) (/wiki/Republic_(retailer)) Richard Shops (/wiki/Richard_Shops) Rigby & Peller (/wiki/Rigby_%26_Peller) Rubicon Retail (/wiki/Rubicon_Retail) Rupert and Buckley (/wiki/Rupert_and_Buckley) S Sainsbury's (/wiki/Sainsbury%27s) Sears plc (/wiki/Sears_plc) Select (fashion chain) (/wiki/Select_(fashion_chain)) Edward Sexton (/wiki/Edward_Sexton) Sock Shop (/wiki/Sock_Shop) Spirit of the Andes (/wiki/Spirit_of_the_Andes) Sports Division (/wiki/Sports_Division) Start Football (/wiki/Start_Football) John Stephen (/wiki/John_Stephen) Stirling Cooper (/wiki/Stirling_Cooper) Store Twenty One (/wiki/Store_Twenty_One) Sweater Shop (/wiki/Sweater_Shop) Sweaty Betty (/wiki/Sweaty_Betty) T T. M. Lewin (/wiki/T._M._Lewin) Ted Baker (/wiki/Ted_Baker) Tesco (/wiki/Tesco) Tesco international operations (/wiki/Tesco_international_operations) Tesco Venture Brands (/wiki/Tesco_Venture_Brands) The Officers Club (/wiki/The_Officers_Club) Thomas Pink (/wiki/Thomas_Pink) Tie Rack (/wiki/Tie_Rack) TK Maxx (/wiki/TK_Maxx) Top Gear (retailer) (/wiki/Top_Gear_(retailer)) Topman (/wiki/Topman) Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) Tu (clothing) (/wiki/Tu_(clothing)) U USC (clothing retailer) (/wiki/USC_(clothing_retailer)) V Viyella (/wiki/Viyella) W Wallis (retailer) (/wiki/Wallis_(retailer)) Warehouse (clothing) (/wiki/Warehouse_(clothing)) Weird Fish (/wiki/Weird_Fish) What Katie Did (company) (/wiki/What_Katie_Did_(company)) White Stuff Clothing (/wiki/White_Stuff_Clothing) Wynsors World of Shoes (/wiki/Wynsors_World_of_Shoes) Z Zaggora (/wiki/Zaggora) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1101958978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1101958978) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing retailers by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_by_country) Retail companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom) Clothing companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Cypriot-American fashion designer and couturier Nicolas Petrou Born Nicolas Petrou ( 1967-09-14 ) 14 September 1967 (age 56) Nicosia (/wiki/Nicosia) , Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) Nationality American, Cypriot Education Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Art_and_Design) Years active 1993–Present Label Petrou\Man Parent(s) Spyridon Petrou and Eleftheria Efthimiou Nicolas Petrou is a Cypriot-American fashion designer and couturier (/wiki/Haute_couture) based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . Early life and education [ edit ] Nicolas Petrou was born in Nicosia (/wiki/Nicosia) , Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) to Spyridon Petrou and Eleftheria Efthimiou. After graduating from high school, he moved to London where he completed his foundations studies in art and design at Harrow College (/wiki/Harrow_College) . He then attended the Regent's American College (/wiki/Regent%27s_American_College_London) in London before enrolling in the fashion design graduate program at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Art_and_Design) . He graduated from Saint Martins with a Master of Arts degree in 1992. Career [ edit ] Petrou moved to New York in 1993 where he began designing for several fashion houses, receiving rave reviews for his collections. In 1995, the New York Times applauded Nicolas Petrou and his then design partner, Michael Lund as fresh, new talents. [1] (#cite_note-1) His collections have been featured in fashion and other prestigious publications, including the cover of WWD , T Magazine of The New York Times , Dazed and Confused , Seventh Man , V- MAN , Vogue , Elle , Bazaar , Numero , W , Interview , Metal and The New York Times . [2] (#cite_note-2) Additionally, Petrou has dressed many celebrities, such as Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) [3] (#cite_note-3) and Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2011, Petrou was featured in the fashion book, Not A Toy: Radical Character Design in Fashion and Costume by Atopos and Vassilis Zidianakis. [5] (#cite_note-5) PETROU [ edit ] Petrou launched his private label, PETROU with a store on Madison Avenue in 2006. [6] (#cite_note-6) The store featured a high-end womenswear (/wiki/Womenswear) line. [7] (#cite_note-7) PETROU\MAN [ edit ] In 2009, he launched a high end menswear collection under the name PETROU\MAN (/wiki/PETROU%5CMAN) that sells in the US and Hong Kong. [8] (#cite_note-8) The high-end menswear collection offers a "fresh twist in men's wardrobe". [9] (#cite_note-9) The debut collection, which Dazed Digital described as a deconstruction of sportswear, featured masked skins (/wiki/Skin-tight_garment) with colorful patterns, including star-spangled motifs. [10] (#cite_note-10) His second collection "was inspired by the lives of nomads and applied their travels to his signature mix of sportswear...creating a rich, unusual texture achieved through his combination of fabrics and prints". [11] (#cite_note-11) For his Spring 2011 collection, he mainly used beige and navy, mixed with tribal and ethnic prints and elaborate headpieces of colorful birds, butterflies, and tin toys. In an interview with Dazed Digital , Petrou said that the collection was a mélange of Western style with Pacific Islander and African influences. [12] (#cite_note-12) audience by PETROU\MAN [ edit ] In March 2013, Petrou launched his spinoff label, a diffusion line called audience by PETROU\MAN (/w/index.php?title=Audience_by_PETROU%5CMAN&action=edit&redlink=1) . The debut collection received rave reviews and one of the pieces was included in "The Top 10 Items from Fall/Winter 2014" list of The New York Times T Magazine . [13] (#cite_note-13) Inspired by abstract painting, Petrou experimented with tie-dye and acid-wash techniques on mixed textures of cotton and wool to create unique silhouettes. [14] (#cite_note-14) Collaborations [ edit ] Nicolas Petrou has collaborated with various artists, such as Stephen Shanabrook and Veronika Georgieva, as well as Henrik Vibskov (/wiki/Henrik_Vibskov) for the cover of Dazed & Confused (/wiki/Dazed_%26_Confused_(magazine)) , which was photographed by Kacper Kasprzyk and styled by Robbie Spencer. [15] (#cite_note-15) He also designed costumes for New York-based dance company, Chamecki Lerner. [16] (#cite_note-16) He is also one of the founders and creative director of The Market NYC (/wiki/The_Market_NYC) . [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Review/Fashion; Fur Tradition Versus Fur Fun" (https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/23/style/review-fashion-fur-tradition-versus-fur-fun.html) . The New York Times . 1995 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "PETROUMAN" (http://www.notjustalabel.com/petrouman) . notjustalabel.com. 2011 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Nicolas Petrou: Postmodern Avant-Garde Designer", The Examiner ,2010 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Lady Gaga and Beyoncé Wear Giant Ruffles on the 'Telephone' Set" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2010/02/lady_gaga_and_beyonce.html) . New York Magazine . 2010 . Retrieved April 16, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Atopos and Vassilis Zidianakis, Not A Toy: Radical Character Design in Fashion and Costume , Publisher: Pictoplasma (July 15, 2011) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Petrou Opens on Madison Avenue=NY Mag" (http://nymag.com/shopping/openings/21656/) . 2012 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Petrou Launching Line, Madison Avenue Store= (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/retail-features/petrou-launching-line-madison-avenue-store-525403) Women's Wear Daily " (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/retail-features/petrou-launching-line-madison-avenue-store-525403) . 2006 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Where Nicolas Petrou Find Vintage Comme Des Garçons" (http://ny.racked.com/archives/2012/04/11/new_york_city_has_more_222.php) . Racked.com. 2009 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Nicolas PETROU\MAN-ifique" (http://www.yatzer.com/Nicolas-PETROU-MAN-ifique) . Yatzer. 2012 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Petrou Man Womenswear S/S10= (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/4670/1/petrou-man-womenswear-s-s10) Dazed Digital " (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/4670/1/petrou-man-womenswear-s-s10) . 2009 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Petrou/MAN Womenswear A/W10= (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6622/1/petrou-man-womenswear-a-w10) Dazed Digital " (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6622/1/petrou-man-womenswear-a-w10) . 2010 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Petrou Man Womenswear S-S11= (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/8332/1/petrou-man-womenswear-s-s11) Dazed Digital " (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/8332/1/petrou-man-womenswear-s-s11) . 2010 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Collections, The Top 10 Items from Fall/Winter 2014 Men's Trade Shows= (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/the-collections-the-top-10-items-from-fallwinter-2014-mens-trade-shows/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0) T Magazine " (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/the-collections-the-top-10-items-from-fallwinter-2014-mens-trade-shows/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0) . 2014 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "AUDIENCE BY PETROU-MAN, 2014 AW COLLECTION= (https://web.archive.org/web/20140416235906/http://chasseurmagazine.com/2014/01/30/audience-by-petrouman-2014-aw-collection/) Chasseur Magazine " (https://web.archive.org/web/20140416235906/http://chasseurmagazine.com/2014/01/30/audience-by-petrouman-2014-aw-collection/) . 2014. Archived from the original (http://chasseurmagazine.com/2014/01/30/audience-by-petrouman-2014-aw-collection/) on April 16, 2014 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Faceless= (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6442/1/faceless) Dazed " (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6442/1/faceless) . 200 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Collaboratos= (https://web.archive.org/web/20140909042818/http://chameckilerner.com/bio.html) Chamecki Lerner " (https://web.archive.org/web/20140909042818/http://chameckilerner.com/bio.html) . 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.chameckilerner.com/bio.html) on September 9, 2014 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Q&A WITH ALEX PABON, FOUNDER OF THE MARKET NYC" (http://newyorkvintage.wordpress.com/2013/02/14/qa-with-alex-pabon-founder-of-the-market-nyc) . New York Vintage. 2013 . Retrieved February 14, 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.petrouman.com/PETROUMAN_NICOLAS_PETROU.html) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐vfhxv Cached time: 20240623151252 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.320 seconds Real time usage: 0.462 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2157/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27338/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1824/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 55538/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.200/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6690454/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 434.896 1 -total 37.52% 163.168 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 34.96% 152.018 1 Template:Reflist 19.54% 84.998 1 Template:Cite_news 19.28% 83.841 1 Template:Short_description 11.61% 50.492 2 Template:Pagetype 9.62% 41.823 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.57% 41.609 13 Template:Cite_web 8.74% 38.010 1 Template:Wikidata_image 7.73% 33.621 18 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42458988-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623151252 and revision id 1131676955. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Petrou&oldid=1131676955 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Petrou&oldid=1131676955) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_businesspeople) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) 1967 births (/wiki/Category:1967_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) American LGBT businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_LGBT_businesspeople) LGBT fashion designers (/wiki/Category:LGBT_fashion_designers) American people of Greek Cypriot descent (/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Greek_Cypriot_descent) Cypriot emigrants to the United States (/wiki/Category:Cypriot_emigrants_to_the_United_States) Artists from New York City (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_New_York_City) People from Nicosia (/wiki/Category:People_from_Nicosia) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Pages using infobox person with multiple parents (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_parents) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia)
Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Caribbean portal (/wiki/Portal:Caribbean) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐84d7b9664b‐xgtqb Cached time: 20240703203657 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.044 seconds Real time usage: 0.064 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1510/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.025/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 741794/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 50.937 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 50.937 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51449915-0!canonical and timestamp 20240703203657 and revision id 880151624. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. A Aruban models (/wiki/Category:Aruban_models) ‎ (1 C) B Barbadian models (/wiki/Category:Barbadian_models) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) C Caymanian models (/wiki/Category:Caymanian_models) ‎ (5 P) Cuban models (/wiki/Category:Cuban_models) ‎ (2 C, 1 P) D Dominican Republic models (/wiki/Category:Dominican_Republic_models) ‎ (1 C) H Haitian models (/wiki/Category:Haitian_models) ‎ (2 C) J Jamaican models (/wiki/Category:Jamaican_models) ‎ (2 C, 1 P) M Martiniquais models (/wiki/Category:Martiniquais_models) ‎ (1 C) P Puerto Rican models (/wiki/Category:Puerto_Rican_models) ‎ (3 C) T Trinidad and Tobago models (/wiki/Category:Trinidad_and_Tobago_models) ‎ (2 C) Turks and Caicos Islands models (/wiki/Category:Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_models) ‎ (1 C) U United States Virgin Islands models (/wiki/Category:United_States_Virgin_Islands_models) ‎ (4 P) Pages in category "Caribbean models" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . H Xiea Hull (/wiki/Xiea_Hull) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Caribbean_models&oldid=880151624 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Caribbean_models&oldid=880151624) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Caribbean people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Caribbean_people_by_occupation) Models (profession) (/wiki/Category:Models_(profession))
American fashion designer (born 1972) Robinson in New York City Craig Robinson (born 1972, New Mexico) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . Biography [ edit ] Robinson started out as a self-taught bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) tailor before establishing his label, Craig Robinson New York, in 2001. [1] (#cite_note-1) He is best known for dressing prominent New York bands and for sharply tailored designs mixing old-world tailoring skills with a contemporary sensibility (/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_sensibility&action=edit&redlink=1) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2001 Robinson opened a bespoke atelier (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atelier) on Lower 5th Avenue now acclaimed for hand-tailored suits, accessories, and custom shirts. His work has been featured in The New York Times , L’Uomo Vogue , Blackbook , Paper , Time Out , Surface , Details , and L.A. Confidential . Robinson went on to open his first store on Route 66 in 1992 at the age of 20 in Albuquerque New Mexico. In 1995 Robinson moved to New York. While fine-tuning his craft of fine tailoring, he also worked in a hat shop, blocking and trimming custom hats. In 1998 he opened the door to his Atelier on 5th Ave in the Flat Iron district, creating superior handmade, custom and Made-to-Measure suiting for a host of popular musicians such as Interpol, Death Cab for Cutie, and Peter Bjorn and John. Robinson had also outfitted celebrities such as Willem Dafoe, and Morgan Freeman. In 2007 Craig Robinson New York was featured in the exhibition New York Fashion Now [3] (#cite_note-3) along with Sean 'Diddy' Combs, John Varvatos, Miguel Adrover, Thom Browne and others. In 2012 Craig Robinson opened his first flagship store and ROBINSON BROOKLYN in Williamsburg Brooklyn, offering ready to wear collections, Bespoke and made to measure. In 2014 Craig Robinson was featured in Man of the world Magazine for his craft and design. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2015 The Roxy Hotel in New york city chose Craig Robinson to Uniform the entire Hotel labeling him Executive designer of wardrobe. [5] (#cite_note-5) Bespoke clothing [ edit ] Robinson launched his first ready to wear collection in 2009. Actor Morgan Freeman wore a Craig Robinson bespoke tuxedo on the red carpet at the 2010 Oscars. [6] (#cite_note-6) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Blackbook Magazine, March, 2004, pg 74 ^ (#cite_ref-2) The New York Times, "Indie Designers Pin Hopes (and clothes) on Indie Singers", July 15, 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Contemporary New York fashion" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/c/contemporary-new-york-fashion/) . 4 April 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Inside the Atelier - MAN of the WORLD Online Destination for Men's Lifestyle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170830004020/https://www.manoftheworld.com/blogs/the-journal/12934989-inside-the-atelier) . Archived from the original (https://www.manoftheworld.com/blogs/the-journal/12934989-inside-the-atelier) on 2017-08-30 . Retrieved 2017-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Well Suited with Craig Robinson \| the Roxy Hotel - Well Suited with Craig Robinson" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170829203705/http://www.roxyhotelnyc.com/well-suited-with-craig-robinson/) . Archived from the original (http://www.roxyhotelnyc.com/well-suited-with-craig-robinson/) on 2017-08-29 . Retrieved 2017-08-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) The Best (and Worst) Dressed Men at the 2010 Oscars, Esquire, www.esquire.com, March 7, 2010 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://craigrobinsonnyc.com/) This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Traditional bolt of narrow-loom Japanese cloth A tanmono on the roll Cutting a kimono from a tanmono How a kimono is assembled from pieces cut from a tanmono A tanmono ( 反物（たんもの） ) is a bolt (/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)) of traditional (/wiki/Culture_of_Japan) Japanese (/wiki/Japan) narrow-loomed cloth (/wiki/Textile) . It is used to make traditional Japanese clothes (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) , textile room dividers (/wiki/List_of_partitions_of_traditional_Japanese_architecture) , sails, and other traditional cloth items. Tanmono ( " mono (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9#Japanese) " is a placeholder name (/wiki/Placeholder_name) ) are woven in units of tan , a traditional unit of measurement for cloth roughly analogous to the bolt (/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)) , about 35–40 centimetres (14–16 in) by about 13 yards (12 m). [1] (#cite_note-boronobi-1) [2] (#cite_note-about_size-2) One kimono takes one tan ( ittan ) [3] (#cite_note-caf-3) of cloth to make. [4] (#cite_note-4) [ page needed ] Tanmono are woven in the narrow widths (/wiki/Narrow-loom_cloth) most ergonomic for a single weaver [2] (#cite_note-about_size-2) (at a handloom without a flying shuttle (/wiki/Flying_shuttle) ). Fibers [ edit ] Tanmono may be woven of a variety of fibers, including silk (/wiki/Silk) , wool (/wiki/Wool) , hemp (/wiki/Hemp) , linen (/wiki/Linen) and cotton (/wiki/Cotton) . Polyester (/wiki/Polyester) is also popular, as it is easy to wash at home. [5] (#cite_note-week-5) [6] (#cite_note-redef-6) In the Jomon period (/wiki/Jomon_period) (8000–300 BC) people made twined textiles from a variety of bast fibers (/wiki/Bast_fiber) from wild plants. Wild fibers ( nuno ) include the inner bark of wild trees or shrubs ( juhi ), and grass fibers ( sohi ). [7] (#cite_note-bag-7) Between the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC, immigrants from the mainland began using the domesticated long-stapled ramie (/wiki/Ramie) plant. Silk was also known at this time, [7] (#cite_note-bag-7) but used only by the upper classes. Paper was developed in the 3rd and 4th century AD, and woven textiles including paper fibers likely began to be woven around the 5th and 6th century AD, though there is little early record. [8] (#cite_note-paper-8) In the 7th and 8th century AD, Tang-dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) immigrants brought new production techniques for textiles, and Japanese silk weaving improved. [7] (#cite_note-bag-7) Silk was used for high-class fabrics, [9] (#cite_note-Austin-9) with silk noil (/wiki/Silk_noil) from broken, lumpy or discarded silk cocoons used to weave lower-class materials such as tsumugi (/wiki/Tsumugi_(cloth)) , a type of soft, uneven slub-woven (/wiki/Slub_(textiles)) silk with little of its typical shine. In the 1400s, cotton was introduced from Korea (/wiki/Korea) . Cotton did not become widely available throughout Japan until the mid-1700s; commoners continued to rely on wild and cultivated bast fibers. [7] (#cite_note-bag-7) Working-class fabrics were mostly made of hemp or ramie (/wiki/Ramie) ( asa ). [a] (#cite_note-10) Cotton was more expensive, especially outside the western regions of Japan, where it was grown. Second-hand cotton cloth was, however, sold to rural farmers outside these areas, and was preferred over hemp fabric for its softness and heat-retaining properties. Weaving was largely a cottage industry (/wiki/Cottage_industry) until cotton cloth was first machine-made in Japan in the 1870s. [9] (#cite_note-Austin-9) Tanmono are now often machine-woven. Kamiko ('paper-child') is a soft, flexible paper with cotton or silk attached to the reverse side. It is highly thermally-insulating. Kimono of kamiko were worn by the poor of the Edo period; more expensive kamiko kimono were elaborately decorated. Kamiko was also used to make other garments. [10] (#cite_note-11) Meisen (/wiki/Meisen) , a bright, crisp, durable fabric machine-made from silk noil, was first made in the late 19th century and became extremely popular in the 1920s and 1930s. It is a glossier mechanized version of tsumugi (/wiki/Tsumugi_(cloth)) . Wool, especially merino, was introduced in the same periods and widely worn. Rayon (/wiki/Rayon) ( jinken ) started to be widely used in the 1920s; early rayon was made using the cupro (/wiki/Cupro) process, which is still used in one factory in Japan as of 2020 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanmono&action=edit) . [11] (#cite_note-bemberg-12) Though improvements to the rayon production process significantly improved the durability of late-20th-century rayon, early Japanese rayon fabrics are known for their poorer durability, being more prone to age-related degradation, due to fibres being weakened when brought into contact with water. [12] (#cite_note-mochi_komon-13) [13] (#cite_note-biodegrade1-14) Most rayon is now produced using the viscose process, which uses toxic carbon disulfide (/wiki/Carbon_disulfide) . [14] (#cite_note-WHO-15) Carbon disulfide emissions are declining for rayon produced in Japan, but in major producing countries, they are uncontrolled (as of 2004 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanmono&action=edit) ) [15] (#cite_note-16) and unknown, [16] (#cite_note-Blanc-17) [17] (#cite_note-FakeSilk-18) as is their health toll. [18] (#cite_note-Monosson-19) [19] (#cite_note-scientificamerican.com-20) List of fibers [ edit ] Bashō (/w/index.php?title=Bash%C5%8D_(fiber)&action=edit&redlink=1) (fiber banana, Musa basjoo (/wiki/Musa_basjoo) ) Yamafuji (/wiki/Yamafuji) (wisteria, Wisteria brachybotrys (/wiki/Wisteria_brachybotrys) ) Shina (/w/index.php?title=Shina_(fiber)&action=edit&redlink=1) (linden; Tilia japonica (/wiki/Tilia_japonica) ) Kozo (/w/index.php?title=Kozo_(fiber)&action=edit&redlink=1) (mulberry; Broussonetia kazinoki (/w/index.php?title=Broussonetia_kazinoki&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Kaji (/w/index.php?title=Kaji_(fiber)&action=edit&redlink=1) (mulberry; Broussonetia papyrifera (/wiki/Broussonetia_papyrifera) ) Irakusa (/wiki/Irakusa) (nettle; Urtica dioica (/wiki/Urtica_dioica) ) Kuzu (/w/index.php?title=Kuzu_(fiber)&action=edit&redlink=1) (arrowroot; Pueraria hirsuta (/w/index.php?title=Pueraria_hirsuta&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Atsushi (/w/index.php?title=Atsushi_(fiber)&action=edit&redlink=1) ( elm (/wiki/Elm) ) Asa (domestic bast): Hemp (/wiki/Hemp) ( Cannabis sativa (/wiki/Cannabis_sativa) ) Ramie (/wiki/Ramie) or jo Flax (/wiki/Flax) (common flax; Linum usitatissimum (/wiki/Linum_usitatissimum) ) Silk (/wiki/Silk) (mulberry silkworm; Bombyx mori (/wiki/Bombyx_mori) ) Cotton (/wiki/Cotton) Rayon (/wiki/Rayon) Polyester (/wiki/Polyester) Sakiori (/w/index.php?title=Sakiori&action=edit&redlink=1) , rag cloth, woven with bast fiber (/wiki/Bast_fiber) warp and cotton-rag weft. Weaves [ edit ] Four basic weaves are commonly used for tanmono . [20] (#cite_note-NK-21) Hira-ori , a plain tabby weave (/wiki/Tabby_weave) , is simple, hardwearing, and widely used. Aya-ori or shamon-ori is twill weave (/wiki/Twill_weave) , and produces soft, draping cloth. Shusu-ori is satin (/wiki/Satin) weave; it is thick and lustrous with a heavy drape, [20] (#cite_note-NK-21) [21] (#cite_note-satin-22) but the long floats mean that the fabric tends to snag. Black shusu silk was previously commonly used as the reverse side for chūya obi . Mojiri-ori is a category of gauze weaves used for sha , ro and ra gauzes. They use twisted warps. [20] (#cite_note-NK-21) Mon-ori (pattern weaving) includes patterning by varying the weave and patterning by weaving with variably-dyed threads. Woven patterns include aya (/w/index.php?title=Aya_(cloth)&action=edit&redlink=1) (patterned twill), donsu (/w/index.php?title=Donsu&action=edit&redlink=1) (satin damask), rinzu (/wiki/Rinzu) (figured silk) and mon-chirimen (patterned chirimen (/wiki/Chirimen) ). [20] (#cite_note-NK-21) Tsumugi (/wiki/Tsumugi) is a plain tabby weave fabric woven from slubbed silk yarns. Tsumugi (/wiki/Tsumugi) with a dyed mon (/wiki/Mon_(emblem)) , showing slight unevenness in thread diameter Ro weave with embroidery Reverse view of flat silk embroidery on ro weave Ro weave with silvered- washi (/wiki/Washi) (paper) embroidery, showing twisted warp in open space Figured ro weave with resist-dying, hand-painting, and embroidery Yore , an uneven gauze crêpe, used in Noh (/wiki/Noh) Close-up A figured silk ( rinzu ) kimono woven with a bamboo pattern, and embroidered with a white mon Rinzu (/wiki/Rinzu) (figured silk) dyed with a blue ground and patterns including shibori (/wiki/Shibori) (tie-dyed) dots, plus gold embroidery Rinzu satin, dyed and heavily embroidered A rayon (/wiki/Rayon) chirimen (Japanese crêpe) Dyed and embroidered chirimen Weaving, dimensions and use [ edit ] Historic Japanese hand loom ( izaribata or jibata , a backstrap loom (/wiki/Backstrap_loom) ) [22] (#cite_note-bryan-23) Tanmono are woven narrow instead of being cut to a narrow width, with both vertical edges being selvages (/wiki/Selvage) . Widths around 40 cm (16 in) are standard, as these were ergonomically the easiest widths to weave on a hand loom (/wiki/Narrowcloth) [2] (#cite_note-about_size-2) without a flying shuttle (/wiki/Flying_shuttle) . Hand-woven and handspun tanmono are still made in Japan, but they are much more expensive, and the industry is in decline. For instance, though in previous decades, up to 20,000 craftspeople were involved in the production of Ōshima tsumugi (/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Cshima_tsumugi&action=edit&redlink=1) (a variety of slub-woven silk produced in Amami Ōshima (/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima) ) in 2017, just 500 craftspeople were left. [23] (#cite_note-Cliffe-24) Some varieties of tanmono , previously produced out of necessity by the lower and working classes, are now produced by hobbyists and craftspeople for their rustic appeal. For instance, saki-ori (/wiki/Saki-ori) was historically woven from old kimono cut into strips roughly 1 centimetre (0.39 in), with one obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) requiring roughly three old kimono to make. [24] (#cite_note-25) Traditionally an article of thrift, sakiori obi are now expensive informal pieces of clothing, prized for their limited production and craftsmanship. Although modern tanmono are mostly machine-woven, the narrow width of most tanmono remains a standard of production. Modern Western fabrics, and traditional fabrics made on automatic looms (/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution) , are typically much wider (/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)#Unit) ; they are less commonly used for kimono production. However, unusually-wide tanmono , designed for use as altar cloth or for maru obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)#Women's_obi) , are sometimes found. Wider tanmono , and more commonly longer tanmono , are also occasionally sold for kimono production; some of these are woven larger to accommodate larger figures, with longer tanmono typically being used to produce a matching kimono, juban and haori set for men. [3] (#cite_note-caf-3) [12] (#cite_note-mochi_komon-13) A second set of kimono sleeves could also be produced, so that a kimono could feature either regular short sleeves or long sleeves. [25] (#cite_note-mochi_furisode-26) Alternatively, a tanmono of standard length might contain nothing but supplementary sleeves, sold with tanmono for matching kimono. [25] (#cite_note-mochi_furisode-26) Shorter lengths are also woven, for garments that need less cloth; for instance, a hajaku is a shorter length woven to make a haori (a length woven for a kimono is called a kijaku ). [26] (#cite_note-shinei-27) [ better source needed ] In approximately the Meiji period (/wiki/Meiji_period) (1868–1912), the bolt length for kimono was standardized. Excess length was adjusted with a tuck-seam across the back, and, for women, by adjusting the depth of the ohasori (waist tuck). [25] (#cite_note-mochi_furisode-26) By the 20th century, the standard width of a woman's tanmono was roughly 35 centimetres (14 in), with men's tanmono being woven wider, to roughly 40–45 centimetres (16–18 in); historically, bolts were woven to order, so length would vary by both the size of the wearer and the type of garment. However, tanmono for both men and women were woven to roughly 40–45 cm (16–18 in) as standard until late in the 1600s. As a result, the kosode (/wiki/Kosode) , the direct predecessor of the kimono, had fuller and wider proportions to the modern-day kimono. [27] (#cite_note-simple-28) [ additional citation(s) needed ] If the fabric is a single solid colour, or the pattern was komon (a small all-over reversible pattern), the bolt can be cut anywhere. Otherwise, the patterns would be spaced so that it was in the right place relative to where the cloth would be cut (for instance, so that a kimono's hem patterns were located at the hem on all body panels). The garment's seam width is adjusted so that the finished garment fits the person, instead of cutting the cloth narrower. [3] (#cite_note-caf-3) [27] (#cite_note-simple-28) Excess is folded under and hemmed, not cut off. [28] (#cite_note-savvy-29) [6] (#cite_note-redef-6) Sewn tucks are taken in children's clothing, and let out as the child grows. [29] (#cite_note-V&A-30) : 15 A garment made from a tanmono can be disassembled for cleaning ( arai-hari , typically for more expensive or formal kimono), re-dyeing, and repairs; [3] (#cite_note-caf-3) it may also be disassembled to rotate the pieces for more even wear, [12] (#cite_note-mochi_komon-13) or to be re-sized. When the cloth is worn out, it may be used as fabric for smaller items or to create boroboro (/wiki/Boroboro) (patchwork) futons (/wiki/Futon) or garments. The fact that the pattern pieces of a kimono consist of rectangles, and not complex shapes, make reuse in other items or garments easier. [1] (#cite_note-boronobi-1) Patchwork garments were very popular in the 1500s, and are traditionally worn by Buddhist monks as vestments. [27] (#cite_note-simple-28) The cloth used for patchwork clothing must all be of similar weight (/wiki/Fabric_weight) , elasticity (/wiki/Young%27s_modulus) , and stiffness (/wiki/Stiffness) . Indigo-dyed cotton kasuri (/wiki/Kasuri) tanmono for yukata (/wiki/Yukata) A length of tanmono dyed in the bingata (/wiki/Bingata) style Patchwork haori (/wiki/Haori) for tea ceremony (/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony) ( chabaori ), c. 1800 ; the areas likely to have been damaged are made in another colour. Paper and cloth. A modern patchwork cloth bag Kesa (/wiki/Kesa_(clothing)) worn by monks, 700s AD Child's shikibuton (/wiki/Shikibuton) (sleeping mat), late 1800s. Boroboro (/wiki/Boroboro) (patchwork) quilted (/wiki/Quilting) together with over-all sashiko (/wiki/Sashiko) (decorative stitching). Saki-ori fabric is commonly woven from indigo-dyed fabric strips. Summer overkimono of translucent fabric, showing that the excess fabric in the okumi (front edge) is not cut off, but sewn into the eri (collar) Detail of okumi inside eri . Note also wide vertical seams to narrow the garment Kosode with single-layer collar, showing uncut okumi (front panel) edges which would generally be inside it Child's kimono taken in with kata-nue-age and koshi-nue-age (pleats) Adults and children in identical yukata at the Gion Matsuri (/wiki/Gion_Matsuri) . Children's yukata are the same size, but taken in with pleats as in the previous image. Kariginu (/wiki/Kariginu) for Noh (/wiki/Noh) theatre showing the repeating tanmono clearly A miniature kichō (/wiki/Kich%C5%8D) screen, at the Costume Museum (/w/index.php?title=Costume_Museum_(Kyoto)&action=edit&redlink=1) in Kyoto, showing tanmono -based construction A noren (/wiki/Noren) , or shop curtain, showing tanmono -based construction The Kitamaebune (/wiki/Kitamaebune) carried cotton northwards. Tanmono -based sails, c. 1900 Three-panel sail on a small boat, 1910 Large ship with 18-panel sail, 1890 Decoration [ edit ] Hand-decorating tanmono Tanmono are decorated with a variety of techniques, either in the weaving (/wiki/Weaving) process, through embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) , dyework (/wiki/Dyeing) , a combination of techniques or others, such as appliqué (/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9) . The decorative technique used on or while constructing the fabric generally designates its end use. For kimono, designs dyed into the fibres and yarns used for weaving before the fabric's construction, including ikat (/wiki/Kasuri) dyeing, are considered informal, with designs dyed into the fabric after weaving and embroidered designs used for more formal kimono. For obi , woven patterns are conversely considered the most formal, with designs dyed onto the fabric and embroidered designs paired with less formal kimono. If a tanmono is to be used for a formal kimono, such as a hōmongi, tsukesage, irotomesode or kurotomesode , it is temporarily stitched together (/wiki/Tack_(sewing)) ( kari-eba ) so the pattern can be drawn across the seams. For less formal kimono, the pattern is drawn and applied to the fabric before it is cut and constructed, as the design is not intended to match up over the seams, or the kimono will have a solid colour. [3] (#cite_note-caf-3) Tsukesage kimono use a non-reversible pattern laid out with respect to where the cuts will fall, but no seam-crossing patterns. Komon , a reversible all-over pattern (such as geometric or sprigged patterns), is used for everyday komon kimono, but also for other garments, such as kataginu and hakama . [30] (#cite_note-31) Designs for children's clothing were not distinguishably gender-specific until the end of the 1700s. [31] (#cite_note-furisode-32) Traditionally, tanmono would be dyed and even woven to order; though kimono are still mostly made to order, tanmono are now commonly bought ready-made to be sewn later. Modern tanmono for less formal kimono are often dyed with inkjet printers (/wiki/Inkjet_printer) , [6] (#cite_note-redef-6) though formal kimono are more likely to be dyed by hand. Kasuri [ edit ] Simple kasuri patterns Most ikat-woven, indigo-dyed cotton fabrics – known as kasuri (/wiki/Kasuri) – were historically hand-woven by the working classes, who of necessity spun and wove their own clothing until cheaper ready-to-wear clothing became widely available. Indigo, being the cheapest and easiest-to-grow dyestuff available to many, used due to its specific dye qualities; a weak indigo dyebath could be used several times over to build up a hard-wearing colour, whereas other dyestuffs would be unusable after one round of dyeing. Working-class families commonly produced books of hand-woven fabric samples known as shima-cho – literally, "stripe book", as many fabrics were woven with stripes – which would then be used as a dowry for young women and as a reference for future weaving. With the introduced of ready-to-wear clothing, the necessity of weaving one's own clothes died out, leading to many of these books becoming heirlooms instead of working reference guides. [32] (#cite_note-Dalby_Fashioning_Culture-33) Sakiori obi are one-sided, and also often feature ikat (/wiki/Ikat) -dyed designs of stripes, checks and arrows, commonly using indigo dyestuff. [33] (#cite_note-34) Rinzu [ edit ] Rinzu (/wiki/Rinzu) is a figured silk fabric, typically with figurative or geometric motifs. As the pattern is made by varying the texture of the weave, it can be additionally decorated with dyed or embroidered patters. Resist dyeing [ edit ] This edo komon (#Edo_komon) pattern is stencil-dyed onto the fabric. The fine lines on the kamon are painted in by hand using yūzen dyework. Techniques such as resist-dyeing are commonly used. These techniques range from intricate shibori (/wiki/Shibori) tie-dye to rice paste resist-dyeing ( yūzen (/wiki/Y%C5%ABzen) etc.). Though other forms of resist, such as wax-resist dye techniques (/wiki/R%C5%8Dketsuzome) , are also seen in kimono, forms of shibori and yūzen (/wiki/Y%C5%ABzen) are the most commonly seen. [ citation needed ] For repeated patterns covering a large area of base cloth, resist dyeing is typically applied using a stencil, a technique known as katazome (/wiki/Katazome) . The stencils used for katazome were traditionally made of washi paper layers laminated together with an unripened persimmon tannin dye known as kakishibu . [34] (#cite_note-35) Other types of rice-paste resist were applied by hand, a technique known as tsutsugaki , commonly seen on both high-quality expensive kimono and rural-produced kimono, noren curtains and other house goods. Though hand-applied resist dyeing on high-end kimono is used so that different colours of dye can be hand-applied within the open spaces left, for rural clothes and fabrics, tsutsugaki was often applied to plain cloth before it was repeatedly dipped in an indigo dye vat, leading to the iconic appearance of white-and-indigo rural clothes, with rice paste sometimes applied over previously open areas to create areas of lighter blue on a darker indigo background. Tie-dye and clamping techniques ( shibori ) [ edit ] Thread-tied shibori , ready for dyeing and after dyeing Another form of textile art used on kimono is shibori , a form of tie dye that ranges from the most basic fold-and-clamp techniques to intricate kanoko shibori dots taking years to fully complete. Patterns are created by a number of different techniques binding the fabric, either with shapes of wood clamped on top of the fabric before dyeing, thread wrapped around minute pinches of fabric, or sections of fabric drawn together with thread and then capped-off using resistant materials such as plastic or (traditionally) the sheaths of the Phyllostachys bambusoides (/wiki/Phyllostachys_bambusoides) plant (known as either kashirodake or madake in Japan), amongst other techniques. [35] (#cite_note-Wada-36) Fabric prepared for shibori is mostly dyed by hand, with the undyed pattern revealed when the bindings are removed from the fabric. Shibori techniques cover a range of formalities, with all- shibori yukata (/wiki/Yukata) (informal), all- shibori furisode (/wiki/Furisode) (formal) and all- shibori obiage all being particularly common. Shibori can be further enhanced with the time-consuming use of hand-painted dyes, a technique known as tsujigahana (/wiki/Tsujigahana) ( lit. ' flowers at the crossroads ' ). This was a common technique in the Muromachi period, and was revived in the 20th century by Japanese dye artist Itchiku Kubota (/wiki/Itchiku_Kubota) . Due to the time-consuming nature of producing shibori fabrics and the small pool of artists possessing knowledge of the technique, only some varieties are still produced, and brand-new shibori kimono are exceedingly expensive to buy. List of decoration types [ edit ] Woven patterns [1] (#cite_note-boronobi-1) あい ( 藍 , Ai) , solid indigo in varying shades Shima , woven stripes Koushi , tartan cloth Kasuri (/wiki/Kasuri) , a traditional Japanese ikat (/wiki/Ikat) technique Rinzu (/wiki/Rinzu) , a damask (/wiki/Damask) weave, geometric or figurative Dyed-in-the-cloth techniques Shibori (/wiki/Shibori) , a traditional form of tie-dyeing (/wiki/Tie-dyeing) Tsujigahana (/wiki/Tsujigahana) , a revived form of tie-dyeing Resist dyeing (/wiki/Resist_dyeing) Tsutsugaki (/wiki/Tsutsugaki) , a monochrome paste-resist technique Yūzen (/wiki/Y%C5%ABzen) , a polychrome paste-resist technique which sometimes uses whole-cloth stencils Katazome (/wiki/Katazome) , a stencilled paste-resist technique, often repeating Rōketsuzome (/wiki/R%C5%8Dketsuzome) , wax-resist dyeing Ise katagami (/wiki/Ise_katagami) , stencil-cutting Bingata (/wiki/Bingata) , a form of stencilled resist-dying traditional to Okinawa (/wiki/Okinawa) Sewn patterns Boro (textile) (/wiki/Boro_(textile)) , traditional Japanese patchwork Sashiko (/wiki/Sashiko) , a type of decorative stitching designed to reinforce fabric Kogin-zashi (/wiki/Kogin-zashi) , a counted-stitch substyle of sashiko See also [ edit ] Ittan-momen (/wiki/Ittan-momen) , a spirit-possessed, animate tanmono which flies through the air, especially at night. Traditional colors of Japan (/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan) , colours traditionally used in Japanese textiles Meisen (/wiki/Meisen_(textile)) , a type of silk fabric seen in early mass-produced tanmono . Bolt (cloth)#Unit (/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)#Unit) , for European equivalents Garments and other cloth items [ edit ] Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Kosode (/wiki/Kosode) , the predecessor to the kimono Kichō (/wiki/Kich%C5%8D) , a type of traditional dividing screen made of fabric Noren (/wiki/Noren) , a type of door curtain Regional varieties of tanmono [ edit ] Kijōka-bashōfu (/wiki/Kij%C5%8Dka-bash%C5%8Dfu) , a banana-fiber cloth from Kijōka (/w/index.php?title=Kij%C5%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1) , Oshinawa Kumejima-tsumugi (/wiki/Kumejima-tsumugi) , a black-brown kasuri -dyed slub silk from Kumejima (/wiki/Kumejima) , Okinawa Miyako jofu (/wiki/Miyako_jofu) , a kasuri -dyed ramie cloth from Miyakojima (/wiki/Miyakojima) , Okinawa Nishijin-ori (/wiki/Nishijin-ori) , fabric traditionally woven in the Nishijin (/wiki/Nishijin) district of Kyoto (/wiki/Kyoto) Saga Nishiki (/wiki/Saga_Nishiki) , a brocade from Saga (/wiki/Saga_Prefecture) with a treated-paper warp Yūki-tsumugi (/wiki/Y%C5%ABki-tsumugi) , a kasuri -dyed slub silk from Yūki, Ibaraki (/wiki/Y%C5%ABki,_Ibaraki) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-10) One term, asa ( 麻 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB) /あさ ) , is used to refer to hemp, ramie and (after it was introduced in the 1500s) linen; it might be translated as "domesticated bast fiber (/wiki/Bast_fiber) ". [7] (#cite_note-bag-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Wada, Yoshiko (2004-01-01). Boro no Bi : Beauty in Humility—Repaired Cotton Rags of Old Japan . Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings . A few important underlying aesthetics that unite all boro textiles in the exhibition can be attributed to the fact that most Japanese traditional textiles are woven in units of 1 tan, which measures about 14 inches by 13 yards. Each tan, or bolt, is cut into a series of rectangular panels, which are then sewn together to create an article of clothing or utilitarian object. There is no cutting into the cloth for sleeves or darts like in Western clothing, which means that worn clothing could be easily taken apart and transformed into coverlets and mattresses. ^ a b c "About the size of tanmono (a roll of kimono cloth)" (https://archive.today/20200704203011/https://hirotatsumugi.jp/blogen/post-5579) . hirotatsumugi.jp . Hirota Tsumugi. Archived from the original (https://hirotatsumugi.jp/blogen/post-5579) on 4 July 2020 . Retrieved 27 January 2020 . The reason why kimono fabric is 38~41cm wide is largely due to the structural limitation on a hand loom. Shuttles are thrown and passed back and forth between weaver's right and left hand, so that a wide of traditional kimono fabric inevitably be shorter than hands length, and 40cm is the best size for throwing a shuttle. ^ a b c d e "Details About Tanmono. Features And Kimono Roll's Types (かふぇきもの)" (https://cafe-kimono.com/en/details-about-tanmono-features-and-kimono-types/) . cafe-kimono.com . 2020-02-20. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Dalby, Liza (1993). Kimono:Fashioning Culture . ^ (#cite_ref-week_5-0) Hodge, Sarah B. (2019-07-05). "10 Things to Know About Kimono's History, Design and Evolving Future" (https://www.tokyoweekender.com/2019/07/10-things-know-kimonos-history-design-evolving-future/) . Tokyo Weekender . Retrieved 10 June 2021 . ^ a b c McKirdy, Andrew (2020-07-25). "Redefining the kimono in modern times" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2020/07/25/style/modern-japanese-kimono/) . The Japan Times . ^ a b c d e Dusenbury, Mary (1992). "A WISTERIA GRAIN BAG and other tree bast fiber textiles of Japan" (https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1568&context=tsaconf) . Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings . Retrieved 12 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-paper_8-0) Karuno, Hiroko (October 19–23, 2016). "Shifu: A Traditional Paper Textile of Japan" (https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1983&context=tsaconf) . Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings . Crosscurrents: Land, Labor, and the Port. Textile Society of America's 15th Biennial Symposium. Savannah, GA: University of Nebraska – Lincoln. ^ a b Austin, Jim (2018-07-01). "Short History Of Japanese Textiles \| Kimonoboy" (https://www.kimonoboy.com/short_history.html) . www.kimonoboy.com . Retrieved 11 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Commoner in kamiko haori (=paper coat)" (https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/fukusyoku/kosode/18new.htm) . www.iz2.or.jp . IZUTSU SAMEGAI BUILDING, 5th Floor, Horikawa-Dori, Shinhanayacho Sagaru,Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8468: The Costume Museum. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: location ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location) ) (see "Commoner in kamiko haori" in the index of this page on the Edo period (https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/fukusyoku/kosode/) for the image referred to) ^ (#cite_ref-bemberg_12-0) "Production System" (https://www.asahi-kasei.co.jp/fibers/en/bemberg/sustainability/production.html) . www.asahi-kasei.co.jp . ^ a b c "The lowly komon kimono is the workhorse of the kimono wardrobe, worn for trips to town, to friends houses, in any situation which is outside of the home but informal. Despite their name, which means 'small design', komon can have large or small imagery, and the repeat can be staggered widely. painted, closely stencilled, woven, Printed, striped, spotted, shibori, silk, jinken, modern polyester--if it's a repetitive design, short-sleeved, and without kamon, then it's a komon" (https://kimonomochi.jimdofree.com/komon/) . Kimono mochi: kimono collection . ^ (#cite_ref-biodegrade1_14-0) Park, Chung Hee; Kang, Yun Kyung; Im, Seung Soon (2004). "Biodegradability of cellulose fabrics" (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fapp.20879) . Journal of Applied Polymer Science . 94 : 248. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/app.20879 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fapp.20879) . ^ (#cite_ref-WHO_15-0) "Chapter 5.4 : Carbon disulfide". Air Quality Guidelines (PDF) (2 ed.). WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2000 . Retrieved 31 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Blake, Nicola J. (2004). "Carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide: Large-scale distributions over the western Pacific and emissions from Asia during TRACE-P" (https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2003JD004259) . Journal of Geophysical Research . 109 (D15): D15S05. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2004JGRD..10915S05B (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JGRD..10915S05B) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1029/2003JD004259 (https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2003JD004259) . ^ (#cite_ref-Blanc_17-0) Swan, Norman; Blanc, Paul (20 February 2017). "The health burden of viscose rayon" (http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/the-health-burden-of-viscose-rayon/8286870) . ABC Radio National . ^ (#cite_ref-FakeSilk_18-0) Paul David Blanc (2016). Fake Silk The Lethal History of Viscose Rayon . Yale University Press. p. 325. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-20466-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-Monosson_19-0) Monosson, Emily (2016). "Toxic textiles". Science . 354 (6315): 977. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2016Sci...354..977M (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Sci...354..977M) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1126/science.aak9834 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aak9834) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 27884997 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27884997) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 45869497 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45869497) . ^ (#cite_ref-scientificamerican.com_20-0) Nijhuis, Michelle (2009). "Bamboo Boom: Is This Material for You?" (https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bamboo-boom/) . Scientific American . 19 (2): 60–65. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2009SciAm..19f..60N (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SciAm..19f..60N) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1038/scientificamericanearth0609-60 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamericanearth0609-60) (inactive 2024-04-25). {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_April_2024) ) ^ a b c d "Handbook for the Appreciation of Japanese Traditional Crafts" (https://www.nihon-kogeikai.com/TEBIKI-E/2.html) . Nihon Kogeikai . Retrieved 17 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-satin_22-0) "4". AVUM and AVIM Manual for General Aircraft Maintenance Sheet Metal Shop . Integrated Publishing, Inc. p. Figure 4-8 . Retrieved 31 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-bryan_23-0) Bryan (2010-08-05). "ワークショップ: Backstrap Looms" (https://japanesetextileworkshops.blogspot.com/2010/08/backstrap-looms.html) . 日本のテキスタイル: Japanese Textile Workshops 日本のテキスタイルワークショップ . Bryan's JapaneseTextiles . Retrieved 11 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cliffe_24-0) Cliffe, Sheila (23 March 2017). The Social Life of Kimono (1st ed.). New York: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4725-8553-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Wada, Ichiro; Wada, Yuka. " (https://archive.today/20200618232935/http://www.tourjartisan.com/tour/5/tech.html) "Sakiori in Nishinomiya" Technique detail" (https://archive.today/20200618232935/http://www.tourjartisan.com/tour/5/tech.html) . tourjartisan.com . Tour J Artisan; Ichiroya. Archived from the original (http://www.tourjartisan.com/tour/5/tech.html) on 18 June 2020 . Retrieved 2 July 2020 . ^ a b c "Kimono Mochi: private kimono collection photographs and text" (https://kimonomochi.jimdofree.com/) . kimonomochi kimono collection . Retrieved 31 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-shinei_27-0) "FAQ" (https://www.net-shinei.co.jp/com/faq/faq.php) . Shinei antique kimono store. ^ a b c Joseph, Lisa A. "Kosode: a Japanese garment for the SCA period" (http://www.wodefordhall.com/page4.html) . www.wodefordhall.com . Retrieved 10 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-savvy_29-0) Bhagan, Suzanne (2019-07-15). "6 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Kimonos" (https://savvytokyo.com/6-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-kimonos/) . Savvy Tokyo . ^ a b Victoria and Albert Museum. Department of Textiles; Smith, A. D. Howell; Koop, Albert J. (Albert James) (1919–1920). Guide to the Japanese textiles: Costume . Vol. 2. Translated by Inada, Hogitaro. Harold B. Lee Library. London : Printed under the authority of H. M. Stationery Office. (translator did not translate the full book text, but from the acknowledgements of vol 1 it sounds as if some of his translations might be incorporated into the work. Volume 1 came out in 1919, volume 2 in 1920. Note the work is in the public domain (/wiki/Public_domain) , therefore the fulltext (/wiki/File:Guide_to_Japanese_Textiles,_Part_II.pdf) is not copyright) ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Warrior in ceremonial costume; kataginu (=sleeveless jacket) and naga-bakama trousers, popularly known as kamishimo dress" (https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/fukusyoku/kosode/9new.htm) . www.iz2.or.jp . See https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/fukusyoku/kosode/ (https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/fukusyoku/kosode/) for associated image. ^ (#cite_ref-furisode_32-0) Sawada, Kazuto (2014-05-09). "Furisode and teenage boys" (https://archive.today/20140509012219/http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/english/publication/rekihaku/137witness.html) . Bimonthly Magazine REKIHAKU . No.137 A Witness to History. National Museum of Japanese History. Archived from the original (http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/english/publication/rekihaku/137witness.html) on 2014-05-09. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : \|volume= has extra text ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#extra_text_volume) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Dalby_Fashioning_Culture_33-0) Dalby, Liza (1993). Kimono: Fashioning Culture (1st ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-09-942899-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Wada, Ichiro; Wada, Yuka. " (https://archive.today/20200618232935/http://www.tourjartisan.com/tour/5/tech.html) "Sakiori in Nishinomiya" Technique detail" (https://archive.today/20200618232935/http://www.tourjartisan.com/tour/5/tech.html) . tourjartisan.com . Tour J Artisan; Ichiroya. Archived from the original (http://www.tourjartisan.com/tour/5/tech.html) on 18 June 2020 . Retrieved 2 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Marshall, Linda. "Japanese Paste-Resist Dyeing · Katazome" (https://www.washiarts.com/katazome) . washarts.com . Washi Arts – Exceptional Japanese Papers. Archived (https://archive.today/20200702201128/https://www.washiarts.com/katazome) from the original on 2 July 2020 . Retrieved 2 July 2020 . ^ a b Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto; Rice, Mary Kellogg; Barton, Jane (2011). Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing (3rd ed.). New York: Kodansha USA, Inc. pp. 11–13. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-56836-396-7 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tanmono (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tanmono) . Handbook for the Appreciation of Japanese Traditional Craft: TEXTILES, DYEING & WEAVING (https://www.nihon-kogeikai.com/TEBIKI-E/2.html) 2004/09/10 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐nfxtd Cached time: 20240721105917 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.954 seconds Real time usage: 1.173 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6040/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 126450/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 13724/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 184541/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.551/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16586559/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1049.283 1 -total 28.52% 299.246 2 Template:Reflist 26.54% 278.487 212 Template:Transliteration 10.51% 110.234 3 Template:Cite_conference 6.97% 73.124 1 Template:Short_description 6.71% 70.437 16 Template:Cite_web 5.32% 55.818 4 Template:Fix 4.42% 46.416 2 Template:Pagetype 4.24% 44.451 1 Template:Page_needed 3.84% 40.251 2 Template:Div_col Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67908704-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721105917 and revision id 1232818901. 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Style of clothing of Russian aristocrats This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( January 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The Armorial Hall of the Winter Palace (/wiki/Armorial_Hall_of_the_Winter_Palace) (detail). A. Ladurner (1834) Russian court dress was a special regulated style of clothing that aristocrats and courtiers at the Russian imperial court in the 19th-20th centuries had to follow. Clothing regulations for courtiers and those invited to the court are typical for most European monarchies, from the 17th century to the present. In Russia, court etiquette and, accordingly, court dress ceased to exist in 1917 due to the abolition of the monarchy (/wiki/Abdication_of_Nicholas_II) . This style of clothing, especially the woman's dress is known for its long drape sleeves that resemble capes that have a point at the end of each and a sash. Women's Dress [ edit ] The first attempts to officially regulate the ladies (/wiki/Lady-in-waiting_of_the_Imperial_Court_of_Russia) ' court dress date back to the end of the 18th century, during the reign of Paul I (/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia) . Women during the coronation celebrations were ordered to wear robes ( Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) dresses in Pre-Empire styles (/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_Western_fashion) ) made of black velvet with a train of the same material. [1] (#cite_note-1) Countess and maid of honour Varvara Golovina (/wiki/Varvara_Golovina) writes that during the coronation "everyone was in full dress: court dresses appeared for the first time." [2] (#cite_note-2) The first mentions of 'Russian dress' date back to the 1700s, meaning an outfit that borrowed the cut and some features from traditional Russial folk costume, and looked like a Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) . Russian dresses were presented by Alexander I (/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia) to Prussian women who arrived in Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) for the betrothal of Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna (/wiki/Catherine_Pavlovna_of_Russia) to Duke George of Oldenburg (/wiki/Duke_George_of_Oldenburg) in 1809. At the coronation of Nikolai I (/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia) in 1826, according to the French writer Jacques-François Ancelot (/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ancelot) : Women were supposed to appear in national costume, and only a few disobeyed this order. The national attire, coquettishly modified and luxuriously decorated, imparted a piquant originality to ladies' costumes. Women's headdresses. a kind of diadem made of silk, embroidered with gold and silver, shone with diamonds. A corset adorned with sapphires and emeralds encased her chest in sparkling armor, and from under a short skirt, legs in silk stocking and embroidered shoes were visible. Long braids with large bows at the ends fell on the shoulders of the girls. [3] (#cite_note-3) Under Nikolai I, Russian dress acquired official status at the imperial court. In the "Description of ladies' outfits for arrival on solemn days to the royal court" (27 February 1834), women's court dress was strictly regulated in terms of styles, colours, and finishes. A single court attire consisted of a velvet top dress with long folding sleeves and a train. In front, at the bottom of the waist, there was a slit that opened a skirt made of arbitrary white matter, most often satin. Along the "tail and slide" of the dress was gold embroidery, "the same as the sewing of the ceremonial uniforms of the court ranks." The same sewing was supposed to be "around and on the front of the skirt". In addition, all ladies were supposed to wear a " povoynik (/wiki/Ochipok) " or " kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) " of an arbitrary colour with a white veil, and for the girls, a bandage of arbitrary colour with a veil. The colour of the upper dress depended on the status of the lady. State ladies (/wiki/List_of_State_Ladies_of_Imperial_Russia) , and maids of honour were supposed to wear a green dress. Tutors of the Grand Duchesses, blue. Maids of honour of the empress, crimson. Maids of honour of the Grand Duchesses, light blue. Chambermaids of honour, raspberry. The style of the dress the ladies wore also had to correspond to a single pattern, they could be "of different colours, with different sewing, but it was impossible to repeat the pattern assigned to the ladies of the court." [4] (#cite_note-4) Such a regulation of women's court dress was in effect through the reign of Nikolai I. The slightest deviations made him angry. For underage Grand Duchesses, Nikolai considered adult formal dress too immodest; girls were not supposed to wear a train, neckline, or too much jewelry. Apart from some changes, the general style of court dress was preserved in Russia for more than eighty years, until the Russian Revolution (/wiki/Russian_Revolution) in 1917. The luxury of court attire amazed guests and foreigners, as evidenced in numerous memoirs and letters of the era. The World Illustrated (/wiki/Vsemirnaya_Illyustratsiya) magazine describes in detain the reception at the Winter Palace (/wiki/Winter_Palace) in 1895 on the occasion of the presentation of court ladies to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna (/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)) : The magnificent white Nikolaevsky Hall was filled with ladies by half past one. Here in all its brilliance, the beauty and richness of the original Russian costume showed up. The picturesqueness of the collection... begged for the artist's brush. What luxurious kokoshniks were here... what rich sundresses made of velvet, silk, Indian fabrics, what rich brocade, fur trime, flowers, lace, what a variety of colours and shades from dark green, blue, to delicate and light green, pink, purple. Among this brilliance and wealth of toilets, diamonds, and precious stones and a significant mass of red armbands and red, embroidered with gold trains of the ladies-in-waiting of the large court, masters of ceremonies with wands walked here and there in their court uniforms sewn with gold. [5] (#cite_note-5) Examples [ edit ] Court ladies' outfits, 1834 album. The ladies-in-waiting of the Empress in a red "sarafan" with a white skirt, gold embroidery and a carved gold kokoshnik. Maria Petrovna Kikina-Volkonskaya is depicted in the Russian court dress of a lady-in-waiting, 1839. Pimen Orlov (/wiki/Pimen_Orlov) . Portrait of an unknown woman in a Russian court dress. Around 1835, Hermitage Museum (/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) . Russian court dress by French fashion designer Charles Frederick Worth (/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth) , 1888. Ceremonial dress of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Workshop of O. Bulbenkova, late XIX-early. XX centuries, Hermitage Museum (/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) . Princess Olga Nikolaevna Repnina-Volkonskaya, 1890s. Men's Suit [ edit ] Ceremonial secular uniform of officials. Large gold embroidery on the chest As in the case of women's attire, vague references to court uniforms date back to the end of the 18th century, but the first surviving detailed description refers only to 1831 and is contained in the 'Regulations on Uniforms for the Ranks of the Imperial Court'. In 1834, this decree was replaced by a more general 'Regulation on civil uniforms;, which was accompanied by colour drawings depicting uniforms and sewing. Both decrees regulated the cut and trim of military and civilian uniforms. Both those and others were sewn from dark green cloth, had standing collars and cuffs (/wiki/Cuff) made of red cloth, decorated with gold embroidery and gilded buttons depicting the state emblem. The court ranks relied on civilian cut uniforms. The pattern and abundance of sewing depended on the rank and status of the person. Each courtier was supposed to have a ceremonial uniform, as well as a dark green unicorm tailcoat and frock coat. The court uniform was supposed to be worn with knee-length white breeches with white stockings and shoes for civil court officials, with over the knee boots for the military. White trousers with gold stripes were worn under the dress uniform on especially solemn occasions; dark green trousers also with stripes, under the uniform, black trousers without stripes, with a tailcoat or frock coat. The uniform was complemented by a black triangular hat with a cockade and sewing according to the status and rank of the person. Changes in the regulated court style were made under Alexander II (/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia) . First, in 1855, here was an attempt to introduce 'French caftans (/wiki/Kaftan#Russian_kaftan) ' at the court, but the following year, in the decree of 20 February 1856 'On the new form of clothing for court officials', all the dress and uniforms were replaced by single-breasted semi-caftans with floors above the knees, nine buttons, a stand-up collar bevelled at the front, with straight split cuffs, and vertical pocket flaps at the back. In the 'Rules on the Wearing of Established Uniforms by Court Ranks' dated 15 August 1855, five types of uniforms were distinguished: full dress, festive, ordinary, everyday (or service), and travel. From the 1850s to 1917, no significant changes were made. In popular culture [ edit ] In the 1997 20th Century Fox (/wiki/20th_Century_Fox) animated film Anastasia , the yellow court gown Anya (/wiki/Anya_(Anastasia)) wears towards the end of the film is almost an exact replica of one the Grand Duchess (/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia) herself had worn. [6] (#cite_note-:28-6) [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Reference section [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Shepelev L. E. Official world of Russia. 18th-early 20th century SPb., 2001. S. 422. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Memoirs of Countess Golovina, nee Countess Golitsyna (1766-1811) I Introductory. and note. K. Valishevsky; per. from French [according to the manuscript] K. Papudoglo. M., 1911. S. 180. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Anselo F. Six months in Russia: Letters to Xavier Sentin , composed in 1826 at the time of the coronation of His Imperial Majesty I Entry. st., comp., trans. from fr. and comment. N. M. Speranskaya. M., 2001. S. 151-152. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Shepelev L. E. Official world of Russia. S. 430. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Vsemirnaya Illyustratsiya (/wiki/Vsemirnaya_Illyustratsiya) . 1895. No. 1358. P. 111 ^ (#cite_ref-:28_6-0) Mullikin, Mara (February 28, 2016). "Anastasia Turns 18: Here Are 18 Facts You Probably Didn't Know About the Animated Classic" (https://moviepilot.com/posts/3394395) . Movie Pilot (/wiki/Movie_Pilot) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020542/https://moviepilot.com/posts/3394395) from the original on January 14, 2018 . Retrieved November 14, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_7-0) Keaney, Quinn (November 23, 2017). "20 Little-Known Facts About Anastasia on the Movie's 20th Anniversary" (https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/Anastasia-Movie-Facts-44287423) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211111200020/https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/Anastasia-Movie-Facts-44287423) from the original on November 11, 2021 . Retrieved November 11, 2021 . Literature [ edit ] Vyskochkov, L.V. (2010). "To be ladies in Russian dress": ceremonial costume of court ladies in the first half of the 19th century" (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/byt-damam-v-russkom-platie-paradnyy-kostyum-pridvornyh-dam-v-pervoy-polovine-hih-v) . Proceedings of the Faculty of History of St. Petersburg University (2): 181–188. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2221-9978 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2221-9978) . Zimin, Igor (2014). People of the Winter Palace. Monarchs, their favorites and servants . Series: 400 years of the House of the Romanovs. Centerpolygraph. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-5-227-09463-6 . Shepelev, Leonid Efimovich (2005). Titles, uniforms and orders of the Russian Empire . Centerpolygraph. External links section [ edit ] "Servants of the Highest Court" Livery costume of the late 19th – early 20th century in the collection of the State Hermitage (https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/what-s-on/temp_exh/2014/servants+of+the+russian+imperial+court/?lng=ru) Regulation of fashion by legal acts in Russia (18th–20th centuries) (http://vneshnii-oblik.ru/kultura/ist-kult2/zacon.html) Exhibition of court costume from the Hermitage collection (https://smotrim.ru/audio/324376) Court costume in the Tsarskoye Selo Museum-Reserve (https://web.archive.org/web/20140709234853/http://tzar.ru/info/newsarchive?id=4444) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐kqc5d Cached time: 20240712101319 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.256 seconds Real time usage: 0.337 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 806/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16977/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2249/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28194/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.155/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4374486/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 298.830 1 -total 36.02% 107.625 1 Template:Reflist 30.45% 90.997 2 Template:Cite_web 25.35% 75.750 1 Template:Short_description 22.25% 66.491 1 Template:More_footnotes_needed 20.17% 60.286 1 Template:Ambox 14.65% 43.775 2 Template:Pagetype 6.31% 18.870 6 Template:Main_other 5.28% 15.786 1 Template:SDcat 3.83% 11.456 2 Template:Blockquote Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72634402-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712101319 and revision id 1234054665. 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Glamour_Kills) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Glamour_Kills) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources) , potentially preventing the article from being verifiable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and neutral (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glamour_Kills&action=edit) by replacing them with more appropriate citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) to reliable, independent, third-party sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_independent_sources) . ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Glamour_Kills) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Glamour Kills" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Glamour+Kills%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Glamour+Kills%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Glamour+Kills%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Glamour+Kills%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Glamour+Kills%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Glamour+Kills%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Glamour Kills Industry clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 2006 Founder Mark Capicotto Headquarters Manhattan, New York (/wiki/Manhattan,_New_York) Area served Canada (/wiki/Canada) United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Japan (/wiki/Japan) Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) Europe (/wiki/Europe) Asia (/wiki/Asia) Glamour Kills was a clothing company based in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York. The company was closely associated with emo (/wiki/Emo_(music)) musical artists, and its shirt with a stylized flying pig was called "iconic" by The Daily Edge (/wiki/The_Daily_Edge) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The company was started in 2006, by Mark Capicotto and made its debut at The Bamboozle (/wiki/The_Bamboozle) Festival in the spring. The company worked with bands such as: All Time Low (/wiki/All_Time_Low) , Cobra Starship (/wiki/Cobra_Starship) , Mayday Parade (/wiki/Mayday_Parade) , We The Kings (/wiki/We_The_Kings) , The Wonder Years (/wiki/The_Wonder_Years_(band)) , and New Found Glory (/wiki/New_Found_Glory) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The company has not made any public posts to social media since 2017, they are presumed to no longer be in operation. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Where are all of your favourite emo clothes brands now? We investigate (https://www.dailyedge.ie/where-are-all-of-your-favourite-emo-clothes-brands-now-4448006-Jan2019/) . Daily Edge, January 26, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Vacek, Chris. "Official Website" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110429071334/http://www.glamourkills.com/music/artists/) . Artist Listing . Glamour Kills Clothing. Archived from the original (http://www.glamourkills.com/music/artists/) on 29 April 2011 . Retrieved 13 June 2011 . External links [ edit ] Official site (http://www.glamourkills.com) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080704124935/http://glamourkills.com/) 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐8496cf7bd6‐fn8vw Cached time: 20240716144419 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.357 seconds Real time usage: 0.603 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1328/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42605/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9633/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12711/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.227/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4303396/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 574.224 1 -total 64.00% 367.484 3 Template:Ambox 50.75% 291.446 1 Template:Multiple_issues 26.14% 150.091 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.94% 143.198 1 Template:Third-party 20.89% 119.970 1 Template:Infobox 19.78% 113.566 1 Template:Reflist 19.39% 111.337 1 Template:DMCA 18.83% 108.135 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 17.15% 98.503 1 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:18082061-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716144419 and revision id 1234863152. 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Wooden clogs made in Troentorp, Sweden Troentorp Toffelfabrick Founded 1907 Founder August Johannson Headquarters Troentorp, Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) Products Shoes (/wiki/Shoe) Website troentorpclogs.com (http://www.troentorpsclogs.com/) Troentorp Clogs are wooden clogs (/wiki/Clogs) handcrafted in Troentorp (/w/index.php?title=Troentorp&action=edit&redlink=1) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) , a small village approximately three kilometers from Båstad (/wiki/B%C3%A5stad) , Skåne (/wiki/Scania) in southern Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) . Troentorp Clogs (formerly known as Båstad Clogs) have gained international recognition, especially during the 1970s when Swedish clogs became a widely popular footwear. The clogs have been made by Troentorp Toffelfabrick (Troentorp Clog Factory) in the same location since 1907 and continue to be produced with the original wood and leather design. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] August Johannson founded Troentorp Toffelfabrick in 1907. Johannson, a former apprentice cobbler (/wiki/Shoemaking) from the Båstad area, began production at his factory by using a wind powered lathe (/wiki/Lathe) to carve the wooden clogs. In 1949, Johannson's sons, Stig and Bjore, took over ownership. On July 24, 1979, the "Troentorp" clog became a registered trademark of Troentorp Toffelfabrick. [3] (#cite_note-3) Troentorp Toffelnfabrik has remained in business for over 100 years. The hand-crafted, nailed, and wet-lasted clogs are unique to Troentorp. The footwear has been crafted continually in the same location, and factory visits are popular with tourists visiting the area. The clogs were known for many years as Båstad Clogs due to their regional origin. However, owners went back to the original brand name, Troentorp, in 1999. Although ownership has changed from the Johansson family, many of the craftsmen are still employed at the factory. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) About Bastad Clogs (http://www.clogwild.com/about.html) , accessed Nov. 2, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Featured Designers: Troentorp Clogs (http://everycloghasitsday.typepad.com/every-clog-has-its-day/2009/11/featured-designers-troentorp-clogs.html) , accessed on Nov. 2, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Business History of Footwear Manufacturers (http://www.businesshistory.com/ind._footwear.php) , accessed Nov. 3, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-4) About Troentorp (http://www.troentorpsclogs.com/about_troentorp.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100718101955/http://www.troentorpsclogs.com/about_troentorp.html) 2010-07-18 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , accessed Nov. 3, 2010. 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Look up Turban (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Turban) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turbans (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turbans) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Turbans (/wiki/Turbans) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐znz5t Cached time: 20240720184114 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.121 seconds Real time usage: 0.163 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 240/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4553/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 352/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2730/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.072/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1077236/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 145.930 1 -total 72.53% 105.836 2 Template:Sister_project 70.47% 102.834 2 Template:Side_box 44.44% 64.851 1 Template:Wiktionary 33.11% 48.319 1 Template:Commons_category 22.24% 32.453 1 Template:Category_main 4.95% 7.220 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49295339-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720184114 and revision id 1233682718. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Turbans" The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . * Ammama (/wiki/Ammama) Turban (/wiki/Turban) A Alasho (/wiki/Alasho) B Burzinqa (/wiki/Burzinqa) C Chelengk (/wiki/Chelengk) D Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) Dastar bunga (/wiki/Dastar_bunga) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) H Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Hejazi turban (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) K Khăn vấn (/wiki/Kh%C4%83n_v%E1%BA%A5n) M Mandla v Dowell-Lee (/wiki/Mandla_v_Dowell-Lee) P Pagri (turban) (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Patiala Shahi Pagg (/wiki/Patiala_Shahi_Pagg) Patka (/wiki/Patka) Peshawari turban (/wiki/Peshawari_turban) Priestly turban (/wiki/Priestly_turban) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) R Rasam Pagri (/wiki/Rasam_Pagri) S Sarpech (/wiki/Sarpech) Sudra (headdress) (/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)) T Turban Exchange (/wiki/Turban_Exchange) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Turbans&oldid=1233682718 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Turbans&oldid=1233682718) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Headgear (/wiki/Category:Headgear) Indian headgear (/wiki/Category:Indian_headgear) Islamic male clothing (/wiki/Category:Islamic_male_clothing) Turkish clothing (/wiki/Category:Turkish_clothing) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cosmetics businesspeople from the United States (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_businesspeople_from_the_United_States) . 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Samantha Brick Born ( 1971-02-10 ) 10 February 1971 (age 53) Kings Heath (/wiki/Kings_Heath) , Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham) , England Nationality British Occupation Journalist Spouse Pascal Rubinat Children Antonio (stepson) Samantha Brick (born 10 February 1971) is a British television producer, writer, and freelance (/wiki/Freelance) journalist. [1] (#cite_note-1) Life and career [ edit ] Brick was born in the Birmingham suburb of Kings Heath (/wiki/Kings_Heath) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Her parents were both Catholic and worked in mental health. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Brick worked for LWT (/wiki/London_Weekend_Television) where she produced or directed shows including Ibiza Uncovered (/wiki/Ibiza_Uncovered) , Dinner Dates and Baby School . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) Brick was a producer of entertainment and factual at BSkyB working on shows including Temptation Island , Vegas Uncovered , The Villa and Single Girls . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) She then moved to September Films (/wiki/September_Films) as head of programming in January 2002, [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) later moving to the company's Los Angeles office to become executive vice president of programming and development. [5] (#cite_note-5) In October 2005, Brick launched her own independent production company, Sam Brick Entertainment, which produced shows including Chubby Children for LivingTV (/wiki/LIVINGtv) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In March 2006, the Daily Mirror reported that Sarah, Duchess of York (/wiki/Sarah,_Duchess_of_York) had signed an exclusive deal with Sam Brick Entertainment to host a reality TV diet show. [7] (#cite_note-7) Brick's production company collapsed later that year. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) On 3 April 2012, the Daily Mail (/wiki/Daily_Mail) published an article by Brick titled "Why do women hate me for being beautiful?". The article became an internet phenomenon, leading to Brick's thoughts becoming an internet meme. [8] (#cite_note-8) This led to Brick appearing on a number of TV shows including ITV's This Morning (/wiki/This_Morning_(TV_programme)) [9] (#cite_note-9) and the RTÉ (/wiki/RT%C3%89) chat show The Late Late Show (/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_(Ireland)) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Later in the year Brick was a contestant on Celebrity Big Brother 10 (/wiki/Celebrity_Big_Brother_(British_series_10)) . [11] (#cite_note-11) On 31 August 2012, she became the fourth person to be evicted from the Big Brother house. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2013 Brick published a book, Head Over Heels in France , in which she wrote about the collapse of her production company. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Personal life [ edit ] At the age of 30, Brick's first marriage was to Damon Pettit. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Brick is now married to a French man, Pascal Rubinat. [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Articles by Samantha Brick \| Freelance Journalist \| Muck Rack" (https://muckrack.com/samantha-brick-1/articles) . muckrack.com . Retrieved 29 November 2020 . ^ a b c Keogh, Kat (6 April 2013). " (http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/beautiful-kings-heath-writer-samantha-2521029) 'Beautiful' Samantha Brick starts a new chapter in her life" (http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/beautiful-kings-heath-writer-samantha-2521029) . BirminghamLive . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . ^ a b "The 'beautiful' Samantha Brick on men, entrapment and the joys of" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/the-beautiful-samantha-brick-on-men-entrapment-and-the-joys-of-being-a-frenchman-s-wife-8543604.html) . Evening Standard . 21 March 2013 . Retrieved 5 June 2022 . ^ a b c "September poaches Sky1 exec" (https://www.c21media.net/september-poaches-sky1-exec/) . C21media . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mann, Sarah (January 2005). "People on the Move". RealScreen (/wiki/RealScreen) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Living gives Brick a fat commission" (https://www.c21media.net/living-gives-brick-a-fat-commission/) . C21media . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Cummins, Fiona (2 March 2006). "DUCHESS OF TALK; Exclusive Fergie lined up to host reality TV diet show". Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Ahmed, Murad (5 April 2012). "The power of the Bored at Work Network". The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . No. 70539. p. 2. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Samantha Brick: 'Do I think I'm attractive? Yes I do.' (https://www.itv.com/news/2012-04-05/how-samantha-bricks-good-looks-caused-an-internet-storm) " (https://www.itv.com/news/2012-04-05/how-samantha-bricks-good-looks-caused-an-internet-storm) . ITV News . 5 April 2012 . Retrieved 29 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Samantha Brick to appear on Late Late Show" (http://www.thejournal.ie/samantha-brick-to-appear-on-late-late-show-415023-Apr2012/) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Samantha Brick to take part in Celebrity Big Brother" (https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2012/aug/15/samantha-brick-celebrity-big-brother) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . 15 August 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181116211239/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2012/aug/15/samantha-brick-celebrity-big-brother) from the original on 16 November 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Laing, Greg (31 August 2012). "Danica Thrall, Samantha Brick evicted from Celebrity Big Brother" (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s150/celebrity-big-brother/news/a403153/danica-thrall-samantha-brick-evicted-from-celebrity-big-brother.html#~p5CKyGayi37XHb) . Digital Spy . Retrieved 28 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Samantha Brick: 'We are all taught false modesty' (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/dec/09/samantha-brick-faces-2012) " (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/dec/09/samantha-brick-faces-2012) . The Guardian . 9 December 2012 . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.samanthabrick.com/) Samantha Brick (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0108562/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐dhwq2 Cached time: 20240712143034 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.537 seconds Real time usage: 0.830 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2219/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24153/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1344/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 48817/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.337/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6282435/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 791.635 1 -total 38.92% 308.142 1 Template:Infobox_person 32.69% 258.801 1 Template:Reflist 24.73% 195.759 8 Template:Cite_web 13.35% 105.688 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 11.40% 90.269 1 Template:Use_British_English 11.20% 88.625 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 9.79% 77.535 1 Template:IMDb_name 9.25% 73.228 2 Template:DMCA 8.21% 64.957 2 Template:Dated_maintenance_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35526641-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712143034 and revision id 1226918684. 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Danish international model Heidi Albertsen Born Heidi Albertsen ( 1976-09-01 ) September 1, 1976 (age 47) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) [2] (#cite_note-dailysingle-2) Occupation Model Years active 1993–present Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) [1] (#cite_note-1) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Website http://www.heidialbertsen.com/ (http://www.heidialbertsen.com/) Heidi Albertsen (born September 1, 1976) is a Danish international model. [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) She is a goodwill ambassador (/wiki/Goodwill_ambassador) for [4] (#cite_note-4) Life Project for Africa, [5] (#cite_note-Chief_Ambassador_Heidi_Albertsen-5) the [6] (#cite_note-6) Lower Eastside Service Center [7] (#cite_note-LESC-2009-7) [8] (#cite_note-Lower_Eastside_Service_Center-8) and [9] (#cite_note-9) Riverkeeper, [10] (#cite_note-riverkeeper-10) on which she serves as a member of the organization's Leadership Council. Early life [ edit ] Albertsen was born in Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) . Her first job, at the age of 10, was delivering newspapers in her hometown of Copenhagen. [11] (#cite_note-Biofile-11) She later worked as a dishwasher at a restaurant and butcher shop, and she sold chocolate at a candy store. [2] (#cite_note-dailysingle-2) As a young girl, Albertsen struggled with obesity (/wiki/Obesity) and eczema (/wiki/Eczema) , which resulted in bullying (/wiki/Bullying) from her school peers, [12] (#cite_note-Carol-Alt-Post-12) but eventually she managed to lose the weight and curb the eczema, [13] (#cite_note-FoxNews-Child-13) after which time she says she was "strongly encouraged to enter the modeling world." [2] (#cite_note-dailysingle-2) At the age of 17, Albertsen was the winner of the 1993 Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) World Final, [14] (#cite_note-14) the annual fashion modeling contest held by Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) that attracts more than 350,000 participants every year from 800 cities in 70 countries across 5 continents. [15] (#cite_note-15) Within weeks, she moved to Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) to embark upon her newly catapulted supermodel career. [2] (#cite_note-dailysingle-2) [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) [16] (#cite_note-ny1-16) Career [ edit ] Albertsen has appeared in print and television advertisements throughout her career. Since the mid-1990s, she has had a presence in runway shows, magazines, films, and commercials around the world. She has been seen in and on the cover of Vogue , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Elle , Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) , Cosmopolitan , Vanity Fair , Shape , Woman , M! , and several fitness (/wiki/Physical_fitness) magazines. She has been the featured model in numerous campaigns by La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(lingerie_brand)) , L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) , Nicole Miller (/wiki/Nicole_Miller) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) and Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) . She has appeared on Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) , MTV (/wiki/MTV) , E-Channel (/wiki/E-Channel) , Oxygen (/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)) , Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) and other shows. Albertsen has also worked for American Express (/wiki/American_Express) , Armani (/wiki/Armani) , Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) , Clairol (/wiki/Clairol) , Dove (/wiki/Dove_(toiletries)) , Fruit of the Loom (/wiki/Fruit_of_the_Loom) , Neutrogena (/wiki/Neutrogena) , and Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , among others. [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) [5] (#cite_note-Chief_Ambassador_Heidi_Albertsen-5) Fitness magazine featured her as Body of the Year for 2000. [17] (#cite_note-17) Albertsen has stated that some of her favorite shoots include those with her friend and designer, Nicole Miller (/wiki/Nicole_Miller) ; photographer Albert Watson (/wiki/Albert_Watson_(photographer)) in Nice (/wiki/Nice) , France (/wiki/France) and photographer Fabrizio Ferri in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , both for Escada (/wiki/Escada) ; and with photographer Antoine Verglas (/wiki/Antoine_Verglas) for a Max magazine cover and calendar. [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) In addition to her print and commercial credits, she counts among film credits working with Nicolas Cage (/wiki/Nicolas_Cage) in National Treasure , Ben Stiller (/wiki/Ben_Stiller) in Zoolander (/wiki/Zoolander) , Woody Allen (/wiki/Woody_Allen) directing Celebrity , [18] (#cite_note-18) and a David Breashears (/wiki/David_Breashears) ' IMAX (/wiki/IMAX) film Kilimanjaro: To the Roof of Africa for the National Geographic Society (/wiki/National_Geographic_Society) . [19] (#cite_note-bare_url-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Albertsen was chosen by Breashears (/wiki/David_Breashears) in 2000 to be part of the team to climb Kilimanjaro (/wiki/Kilimanjaro) , the world's largest freestanding mountain in Tanzania (/wiki/Tanzania) , Africa (/wiki/Africa) . The expedition had seven climbers, including Albertsen. She completed the climb twice, the first time in June 2000 and the second in November 2000. Albertsen described the quests of climbing to the top of the 19,341 feet (5,895 m) peak as experiences that challenged her "physically, emotionally and intellectually." She documented the climb through sketches, painting, photography, and by filming her own documentary. [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) Albertsen has had noteworthy appearances in judging modeling and beauty competitions. In 2005, Albertsen was a celebrity judge in the Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) Pageant, which was held in Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) . [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) In 1994, Albertsen was a celebrity judge in the 1994 Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) World Final in Ibiza (/wiki/Ibiza) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) . Between 1995 and 1999, she judged the Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) national competitions of Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) , and Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) . [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) In 2011, Albertsen was a contestant on the Danish franchise of the television show MasterChef (/wiki/MasterChef) , which achieved the highest ratings among all MasterChef (/wiki/MasterChef) national franchises throughout Europe. [23] (#cite_note-masterchef-23) In 2013, she reunited with the production and joined the television series as a contestant on MasterChef (/wiki/MasterChef) Denmark All-Stars . [24] (#cite_note-24) In November 2013, Albertsen appeared on Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) and discussed with Carol Alt (/wiki/Carol_Alt) her lifelong battle with eczema (/wiki/Eczema) and her childhood obesity (/wiki/Obesity) . [13] (#cite_note-FoxNews-Child-13) She wrote in detail about her regimen for curbing her eczema episodes. [12] (#cite_note-Carol-Alt-Post-12) She has contributed to a host of projects, books, and publications that center on health, fitness, diet, and nutrition. In 2018, she was a featured contributor to a nutrition book published by Penguin Random House (/wiki/Penguin_Random_House) and Hatherleigh Press. She wrote that as a teenager, she modified her diet to increase her consumption of plant-based foods, and she credits this strategy for boosting her energy and helping her overcome food sensitivities. [25] (#cite_note-vegchall-25) Charity work [ edit ] Albertsen has served as a spokesperson for multiple charities that benefit abandoned children, children with HIV and AIDS, and the homeless. [16] (#cite_note-ny1-16) [26] (#cite_note-Global_Grind-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) She continues to serve as a goodwill ambassador (/wiki/Goodwill_ambassador) for multiple charities. She is the chief ambassador and spokesperson for the Life Project for Africa, a non-profit organization that aims to save lives and benefit the impoverished in Africa through services that promote health, provide education, address poverty, and provide shelter to the homeless. [5] (#cite_note-Chief_Ambassador_Heidi_Albertsen-5) [28] (#cite_note-28) She is ambassador and spokesperson for the Lower Eastside Service Center (LESC), a non-profit organization that aims to provide a full continuum of treatment and care for New Yorkers living with chemical dependency and mental health issues. [7] (#cite_note-LESC-2009-7) She advocates for the Pregnant Women and Infants Program , a program of the LESC created to meet the unmet needs of pregnant women with opiate addiction. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-Global-Grind-102813-30) She also advocates for Bridge2Life , an auxiliary of the LESC that aims to benefit inner-city children of families who are in recovery. [31] (#cite_note-31) Since 2013, she has volunteered as a goodwill ambassador for Riverkeeper (/wiki/Riverkeeper) , a non-profit environmental organization championed for decades by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. (/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy,_Jr.) and dedicated to the protection of the Hudson River (/wiki/Hudson_River) and its tributaries, as well as the watersheds that provide New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) with its drinking water. As of 2015 she has served and continues to serve as a member of the organization's Leadership Council. [10] (#cite_note-riverkeeper-10) Education [ edit ] Between 2006 and 2010, while continuing to model, Albertsen pursued part-time studies in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) at the National Academy School of Fine Arts (/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design) , Hunter College (/wiki/Hunter_College) , and the City University of New York (/wiki/City_University_of_New_York) . [8] (#cite_note-Lower_Eastside_Service_Center-8) In addition, she attended Parsons The New School for Design (/wiki/Parsons_The_New_School_for_Design) and the Art Students League of New York (/wiki/Art_Students_League_of_New_York) . [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) Personal life [ edit ] Albertsen self-identifies as a Christian (/wiki/Christianity) in the Protestant (/wiki/Protestantism) tradition and professes a respect for all religions (/wiki/Religion) . [11] (#cite_note-Biofile-11) She advocates a healthy, well-balanced lifestyle, one that combines fitness, beauty, strength and style. She is an active sportswoman. Among other things, she cooks, paints, rock climbs, water skis, runs marathons, plays tennis and golf, and does yoga. She resides in the Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) borough of New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [2] (#cite_note-dailysingle-2) [3] (#cite_note-heidialbertsen-3) On July 15, 2016, Albertsen announced via social media that she became a citizen of the United States of America (/wiki/United_States_of_America) , while retaining dual citizenship with her native Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) . [32] (#cite_note-32) On October 3, 2016, Albertsen announced on social media that she and entrepreneur Darren Mercer had welcomed a son named Charles Christian Albertsen Mercer. [33] (#cite_note-33) On December 20, 2022, the couple shared the news of expecting another child. [34] (#cite_note-34) More than six years after the birth of their son in 2016, the couple, on March 20, 2023, welcomed twin girls, as confirmed by Danish media. [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Heidi Albertsen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130730164647/http://elitemodelmanagement.dk/model.aspx?id=491) . Elite Model Management Copenhagen. Archived from the original (http://elitemodelmanagement.dk/model.aspx?id=491) on July 30, 2013 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ a b c d e "Supermodel Heidi Albertsen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110830141802/http://www.dailysingle.com/ds/2011/04/11/Heidi-Albertsen-Supermodel-interview) . Daily Single. April 11, 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.dailysingle.com/ds/2011/04/11/Heidi-Albertsen-Supermodel-interview) on August 30, 2011 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ a b c d e f g h "Official Home Page of Heidi Albertsen" (http://www.heidialbertsen.com/resume) . Heidi Albertsen . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Life Project for Africa" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130505043135/http://www.lifeprojectafrica.org/) . May 5, 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.lifeprojectafrica.org/) on 2013-05-05. ^ a b c "Chief Ambassador Heidi Albertsen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130922100632/http://lifeprojectafrica.org/ambassador.html) . Life Project for Africa. Archived from the original (http://www.lifeprojectafrica.org/ambassador.html) on September 22, 2013 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Lower Eastside Service Center" (https://www.lesc.org/) . www.lesc.org . ^ a b "2009 Annual Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040557/http://www.lesc.org/annual_report.pdf) (PDF) . Lower Eastside Service Center. Archived from the original (http://www.lesc.org/annual_report.pdf) (PDF) on January 6, 2014 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ a b "LESC Annual Dinner and Silent Auction" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040420/http://www.lesc.org/gala/honorees.html) . Lower Eastside Service Center. Archived from the original (http://www.lesc.org/gala/honorees.html) on January 6, 2014 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Home" (http://www.riverkeeper.org/) . Riverkeeper . ^ a b "Riverkeeper Ambassador Heidi Albertsen" (https://www.riverkeeper.org/riverkeeper-mission/volunteer-leadership/leadership-council/heidi-albertsen/) . Riverkeeper . Retrieved December 28, 2018 . ^ a b Malinowski, Mark "Scoop". "Biofile with Heidi Albertsen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130103032003/http://thebiofile.com/2010/01/biofile-with-heidi-albertsen/) . The Writings of Author Scoop Malinowski . Archived from the original (http://thebiofile.com/2010/01/biofile-with-heidi-albertsen/) on 2013-01-03 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ a b "Guest Post: Good Nutrition, Healthy Habits & Beating Eczema" (http://carolalt.com/blog/guest-post-good-nutrition-healthy-habits-beating-eczema/) . Carol Alt Official Media & Fan Portal . 2 November 2013 . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ a b "Supermodel Heidi Albertsen: I was fat, bullied as a child" (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2013/11/04/supermodel-heidi-albertsen-was-fat-bullied-as-child/) . Fox News . Retrieved 5 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Elite Model Look History" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MReperP035U&t=2m22s) . TV5. 13 August 2009 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Elite Model Look" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130208114319/http://www.elitemodelworld.com/eml.html) . Elite Model World. Archived from the original (http://www.elitemodelworld.com/eml.html) on 2013-02-08 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ a b Whipple, George (December 23, 2009). "Chelsea Fundraiser Helps Support Those In Africa" (https://archive.today/20130130044926/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/110928/chelsea-fundraiser-helps-support-those-in-africa) . NY1 News. Archived from the original (http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/110928/chelsea-fundraiser-helps-support-those-in-africa) on January 30, 2013 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Dorsey, Nicole (October 1999). "Body 2000" (http://www.fitnessmagazine.com/) . Fitness : 88–91. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Celebrity" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120533/) . IMDB . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-bare_url_19-0) "Feature Page of Heidi Albertsen" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Heidi_Albertsen) . The Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Kilimanjaro: To the Roof of Africa" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0288593/) . IMDB . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Miss Universe 2005 Celebrity Panel of Judges" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130517201451/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nbc-sets-international-judging-panel-for-miss-universe-2005-broadcasting-live-from-bangkok-thailand-may-30-9-11pm-et-54424647.html) . The Miss Universe Organization. Archived from the original (http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nbc-sets-international-judging-panel-for-miss-universe-2005-broadcasting-live-from-bangkok-thailand-may-30-9-11pm-et-54424647.html) on May 17, 2013 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Miss Universe 2005" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0468028/) . IMDB . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-masterchef_23-0) "Topmodel Heidi Albertsen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105055054/http://tv3.dk/masterchef/topmodel-heidi-albertsen) . MasterChef . TV3 Denmark. Archived from the original (http://tv3.dk/masterchef/topmodel-heidi-albertsen) on November 5, 2013 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "A look forward to the fourth week of MasterChef Allstars" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130913012911/http://tv3.dk/masterchef/glaed-dig-til-fjerde-uge-af-masterchef-allstars) . MasterChef . TV3 Denmark. Archived from the original (http://tv3.dk/masterchef/glaed-dig-til-fjerde-uge-af-masterchef-allstars) on 13 September 2013 . Retrieved 16 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-vegchall_25-0) "Local author aims to improve your diet with the 30-day Vegan Challenge" (https://6abc.com/health/local-author-aims-to-improve-your-diet-with-the-vegan-challenge/4886590) . 6ABC Action News . ABC Inc., WPVI-TV Philadelphia. 14 December 2018 . Retrieved December 28, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Global_Grind_26-0) "Justine Simmons & Heidi Albertsen In Su Casa" (http://globalgrind.com/channel/news/content/1158712/justine-simmons--heidi-albertsen-in-su-casa) . Global Grind. November 20, 2009 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Albertsen, Heidi (May 24, 2010). "Saving The Children" (http://globalgrind.com/channel/news/content/1596480/exclusive-by--heidi-albertsen-saving-the-children) . Global Grind . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Life Project for Africa Homepage" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130505043135/http://www.lifeprojectafrica.org/) . Life Project for Africa. Archived from the original (http://www.lifeprojectafrica.org/) on May 5, 2013 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Pregnant Women and Infants Program" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130127114654/http://www.lesc.org/pwip.html) . Lower Eastside Service Center. Archived from the original (http://www.lesc.org/pwip.html) on January 27, 2013 . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Global-Grind-102813_30-0) Thompson, Desire (28 October 2013). "Justine Simmons, Heidi Albertsen & Mashonda Urge Others To Help Sandy-Affected Women's Treatment Center" (http://globalgrind.com/2013/10/28/justine-simmons-heidi-albertsen-mashonda-help-sandy-affected-womens-shelter-video/) . Global Grind . Retrieved 5 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Home Page of Bridge2Life" (http://www.bridge2lifecamp.org/) . Bridge2Life Camp & Charles Evans Kids Club . Retrieved February 7, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Official Verified Facebook Page of Heidi Albertsen" (https://www.facebook.com/Official.Heidi.Albertsen/photos/a.376356559048762.91825.129785977039156/1300079456676463/?type=3&theater) . Facebook.com . Heidi Albertsen . Retrieved 15 July 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Official Verified Facebook Page of Heidi Albertsen" (https://www.facebook.com/Official.Heidi.Albertsen/photos/a.376356559048762.91825.129785977039156/1385955421422199/?type=3&theater) . Facebook.com . Heidi Albertsen . Retrieved 19 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Saad Ahmad (20 December 2022). "46-year-old Danish model to become a mother (in Danish)" (https://ekstrabladet.dk/underholdning/dkkendte/46-aarig-dansk-model-skal-vaere-mor/9558843) (in Danish). Ekstra Bladet . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Supermodel Heidi Albertsen has become a mother to twins (in Danish)" (https://www.seoghoer.dk/kendte/supermodel-heidi-albertsen-er-blevet-mor-til-tvillinger) (in Danish). Se og Hør. 29 March 2023 . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: date and year ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year) ) ^ (#cite_ref-36) "46-year-old Danish model has become a mother to twins (in Danish)" (https://www.bt.dk/danske-kendte/46-aarig-dansk-model-er-blevet-mor-til-tvillinger) (in Danish). B.T. 30 March 2023 . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: date and year ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year) ) External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heidi Albertsen (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heidi_Albertsen) . Wikiquote has quotations related to Heidi Albertsen (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Heidi_Albertsen) . Official website (http://www.heidialbertsen.com) Elite Model Management Copenhagen—Heidi Albertsen (https://web.archive.org/web/20130730164647/http://elitemodelmanagement.dk/model.aspx?id=491) Munich Models—Heidi Albertsen (http://www.munich-models.de/portfolio.aspx?ln=en&nav=3&modelid=150811&subid=8050&mainsubid=8050&a=142) Heidi Albertsen (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/heidi_albertsen/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐5wrql Cached time: 20240720173650 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.611 seconds Real time usage: 0.765 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3929/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 72898/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3772/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 139319/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.388/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10416428/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 685.630 1 -total 44.03% 301.878 1 Template:Reflist 32.94% 225.828 1 Template:Infobox_model 31.43% 215.499 33 Template:Cite_web 10.59% 72.598 1 Template:Short_description 6.84% 46.885 1 Template:Infobox 5.81% 39.824 2 Template:Pagetype 5.25% 35.994 1 Template:Commons_category 5.18% 35.533 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.18% 35.505 2 Template:Sister_project Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35759890-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720173650 and revision id 1228161906. 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British tailoring company Dress2kill Ltd Company type Limited company Industry Tailoring, retail Founded 1999 Headquarters London, England, United Kingdom Key people James Hibbert (Founder and Managing Director), Shirley Biggs (Founder) Products clothing, bespoke suits, made-to-measure suits Website https://dress2kill.com/ (https://dress2kill.com/) Dress2kill Ltd is a tailoring (/wiki/Tailor) business formed in 1999 by James Hibbert and Shirley Biggs. [1] (#cite_note-independent.co.uk-1) It sells bespoke suits (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) from its two shops in London (/wiki/London) and Hampshire (/wiki/Hampshire) , and ships worldwide from its online store (/wiki/Online_store) . The company had a turnover of £2.15m in 2014. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] Dress2kill was formed in 1999 by James Hibbert, a former recruitment consultant, [3] (#cite_note-3) and Shirley Biggs, a former buying director. [1] (#cite_note-independent.co.uk-1) The company uses British cloth for its suits, which are made at its factory in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , India. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Dress2kill began as a visiting tailoring service, [5] (#cite_note-5) with Hibbert and Biggs each initially inviting 15 friends to try out their bespoke suits. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) [7] (#cite_note-:7-7) The business was reported to have faced insolvency by the end of 2001, [7] (#cite_note-:7-7) but in 2003, it secured a deal with Virgin Atlantic (/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic) to provide a tailoring service at the airline's Heathrow Airport business lounge. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) In 2005, Dress2kill opened its first shop in Waterloo, London (/wiki/Waterloo,_London) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [11] (#cite_note-:6-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In May 2019, a second shop was opened in Andover, Hampshire (/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2012, Dress2kill launched its online business, offering made-to-measure suits. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Coverage [ edit ] In 2010, Dress2kill was mentioned in three books written by Rachel Bridge, the former Enterprise Editor of The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) . [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2006, Dress2kill featured in The Modern Cad Guide by Jaan Larner. [18] (#cite_note-18) [ failed verification ] References [ edit ] ^ a b "Me And My Partner: 'I call him a spoilt brat, he calls me an old bag' (http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/sme/me-and-my-partner-i-call-him-a-spoilt-brat-he-calls-me-an-old-bag-313698.html) " (http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/sme/me-and-my-partner-i-call-him-a-spoilt-brat-he-calls-me-an-old-bag-313698.html) . The Independent . 2005-09-18 . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Dress2kill guns for wholesale market with ready-to-wear line" (https://www.drapersonline.com/dress2kill-guns-for-wholesale-market-with-ready-to-wear-line/5058348.article) . Drapers . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "James Hibbert: Dress2kill \| Startups.co.uk" (https://startups.co.uk/young-guns/james-hibbert/) . Young Guns by Startups.co.uk: Start up a successful business . 2011-04-05 . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ a b "High street link-up could suit Dress2kill" (https://www.drapersonline.com/retail/independents/high-street-link-up-could-suit-dress2kill/5032854.article) . Drapers . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "One to watch: Dress2kill" (https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/one-watch-dress2kill/522882) . www.campaignlive.co.uk . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_6-0) "About Us – Dress2Kill" (https://dress2kill.com/about/) . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ a b "My first million: suits you, Sir Richard" (https://moneyweek.com/31398/my-first-million-suits-you-sir-richard) . MoneyWeek . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Virgin Atlantic adds tailor service to its innovative Clubhouse at Heathrow" (http://www.asiatraveltips.com/travelnews03/256Virgin.shtml) . www.asiatraveltips.com . Retrieved 2020-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-:5_9-0) "Suits you, sir, says Virgin airline" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/suits-you-sir-says-virgin-airline-0gzlpfrllsv) . The Times . ^ a b Bridge, Rachel (2010). How to Make a Million Before Lunch . Virgin. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7535-3934-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-:6_11-0) "Obtaining a loan proved a hard fit for Dress2Kill" (https://www.ft.com/content/37da4df0-3cce-11da-83c8-00000e2511c8) . Financial Times . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Dress2Kill in The Cut" (https://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/2069) . London SE1 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Dress2Kill, Whitchurch \| Retail Tailors - Yell" (https://www.yell.com/biz/dress2kill-whitchurch-9020927/) . www.yell.com . Retrieved 2020-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Interview? Get a tailor-made suit at a click" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-tailor-made-suit-at-the-click-of-a-button-pj623mq2t) . The Times . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Ross, Frances (2012-11-01). "A Study of How Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Tailors Utilize e-Commerce, Social Media, and New 3D Technological Practices". Fashion Practice . 4 (2): 197–219. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/175693812X13403765252343 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175693812X13403765252343) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1756-9370 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1756-9370) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 111284941 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:111284941) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Bridge, Rachel (2010-04-03). You Can Do It Too: The 20 Essential Things Every Budding Entrepreneur Should Know . Kogan Page Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7494-6184-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Bridge, Rachel (2010-04-03). How I Made It: 40 Successful Entrepreneurs Reveal How They Made Millions . Kogan Page Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7494-6186-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "The Modern Cad Guide" (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/48659543-the-modern-cad-guide) . www.goodreads.com . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dress2kill&oldid=1168576298 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dress2kill&oldid=1168576298) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Retail companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom) Suit makers (/wiki/Category:Suit_makers) Retail companies based in London (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_based_in_London) British brands (/wiki/Category:British_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All articles with failed verification (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification) Articles with failed verification from April 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_April_2020)
Swedish milliner Carolina Lindström , woodcut by Gunnar Forssell Carolina Lindström , née Lundström (1812–1892), was a Swedish milliner (/wiki/Hatmaking) . She was known in Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) as "Evening Star", because she was often seen working during the night. Life [ edit ] Her mother was a business woman and she herself saved her money until she could afford to become an apprentice to the top hat maker in Stockholm, a French woman. Lindström had her own shop at Västerlånggatan (/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A5nggatan) 40 in 1842. She had a large web of contacts; at the death of the king in 1844, she was alerted by the footmen at the royal palace so that she was able to acquire all the black mourning ribbons from the other milliners in the capital before the death had been publicly known. She was very successful and opened a second shop at Hornsgatan (/w/index.php?title=Hornsgatan&action=edit&redlink=1) . In 1847, she married a man who squandered all her money on gambling, but she quickly recouped it. In 1892, she left her business to one of her assistants and bought a place for herself at the Stockholm retirement home for merchant widows; however, she died a couple of months after her retirement. Her boutique was, in 1995, the oldest fashion shop in Stockholm. [1] (#cite_note-1) See also [ edit ] Anna Maria Thalén (/wiki/Anna_Maria_Thal%C3%A9n) Augusta Lundin (/wiki/Augusta_Lundin) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lisbet Scheutz (2001 (2003) nuytgåva). Berömda och glömda stockholmskvinnor: sju stadsvandringar: 155 kvinnoporträtt. Stockholm: MBM. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 91-973725-3-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-973725-3-6) Libris 8392583 References [ edit ] Lisbet Scheutz (2001 (2003) nuytgåva). Berömda och glömda stockholmskvinnor: sju stadsvandringar: 155 kvinnoporträtt. Stockholm: MBM. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 91-973725-3-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-973725-3-6) Libris 8392583 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐59d4f5b5d9‐vh54f Cached time: 20240710092551 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.130 seconds Real time usage: 0.317 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 648/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2846/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 636/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6519/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.065/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1623485/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 194.993 1 -total 46.52% 90.713 1 Template:Reflist 40.75% 79.461 2 Template:ISBN 39.37% 76.761 1 Template:Short_description 36.32% 70.820 2 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 20.92% 40.798 2 Template:Pagetype 12.17% 23.728 5 Template:Main_other 11.37% 22.174 1 Template:Authority_control 10.86% 21.177 1 Template:SDcat 1.98% 3.852 6 Template:Yesno-no Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37010462-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710092551 and revision id 1163473496. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carolina_Lindström&oldid=1163473496 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carolina_Lindström&oldid=1163473496) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1812 births (/wiki/Category:1812_births) 1892 deaths (/wiki/Category:1892_deaths) 19th-century Swedish businesswomen (/wiki/Category:19th-century_Swedish_businesswomen) 19th-century Swedish businesspeople (/wiki/Category:19th-century_Swedish_businesspeople) Swedish milliners (/wiki/Category:Swedish_milliners) Businesspeople from Stockholm (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Stockholm) Swedish tailors (/wiki/Category:Swedish_tailors) Swedish women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Swedish_women_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Place of birth missing (/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing)
American costume designer This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( March 2024 ) Ane Crabtree is an American costume designer who has been nominated for three Emmy Awards (/wiki/Emmy_Awards) [1] (#cite_note-1) and for four Costume Designers Guild Awards (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) for Pan Am (/wiki/Pan_Am_(TV_series)) (2012), Masters of Sex (/wiki/Masters_of_Sex) (2015), Westworld (2016), and won for The Handmaid's Tale (/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale_(TV_series)) (2018). [2] (#cite_note-2) Biography [ edit ] Crabtree was born into a mixed race family in South Dakota (/wiki/South_Dakota) and raised in Henderson, Kentucky (/wiki/Henderson,_Kentucky) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Her mother Kimiko is of Okinawan heritage, and met Ane's father Charles while he was stationed in Okinawa. [4] (#cite_note-4) Ane graduated from Henderson County High School (/wiki/Henderson_County_High_School) in 1982. [5] (#cite_note-5) She studied art, art history, and Shakespeare at Harlaxton College University of Evansville (/wiki/University_of_Evansville) and fashion design at the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Ane began her career as a fashion stylist for New York runway shows and music videos, and also was an editor for Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) during the late 1980s. [7] (#cite_note-7) Career [ edit ] Crabtree first became interested in costume design after wanting more inspiration from the world of fashion. She was increasingly inspired by real people and street fashion in New York City, and so moved to the world of costume design in film and television in 1990. [8] (#cite_note-8) She moved to New York at the age of 21 in 1985. [9] (#cite_note-9) Crabtree's career kicked off with designing costumes for many actors in film and television, including Dustin Hoffman (/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman) , Antonio Banderas (/wiki/Antonio_Banderas) , and Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) . [10] (#cite_note-10) She designed the look for the original pilot of many television series, such as The Sopranos (/wiki/The_Sopranos_(The_Sopranos_episode)) , Justified (/wiki/Fire_in_the_Hole_(Justified)) , Rectify (/wiki/List_of_Rectify_episodes) , and Outcast (/wiki/Outcast_(TV_series)) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) From 2013-2015, she designed costumes for Masters of Sex (/wiki/Masters_of_Sex) , for which she received her first Emmy (/wiki/Emmy_Awards) [11] (#cite_note-11) and second Costume Designers Guild Awards (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) nomination. [12] (#cite_note-12) She came to prominence for her work in Westworld (/wiki/Westworld_(TV_series)) and The Handmaid's Tale (/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale_(TV_series)) . [13] (#cite_note-13) For Handmaid's Tale , Crabtree drew inspiration from everyday objects and nature for the moss-green uniform of housemaids and a pair of well-loved boots for the utilitarian footwear worn by the handmaids. [14] (#cite_note-14) She won the Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Costume Design for a Contemporary Television Series (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film) . [15] (#cite_note-15) See also [ edit ] Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Period Costumes (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Period_Costumes) Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) White, Douglas. "Henderson native Ane Crabtree up for Emmy for work on 'The Handmaid's Tale' (https://www.thegleaner.com/story/news/2018/09/06/henderson-grad-ane-crabtree-up-emmy-handmaids-tale/1211153002/) " (https://www.thegleaner.com/story/news/2018/09/06/henderson-grad-ane-crabtree-up-emmy-handmaids-tale/1211153002/) . The Gleaner (/wiki/The_Gleaner) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Berman, Stuart. "The Handmaid's Tale costume designer Ane Crabtree on the feminist power of fashion" (https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/thursday-march-8-2018-ane-crabtree-sadaf-foroughi-and-more-1.4565514/the-handmaid-s-tale-costume-designer-ane-crabtree-on-the-feminist-power-of-fashion-1.4566272) . CBC . ^ a b "Five things to know about Ane Crabtree, the latest Design Indaba 2019 speaker" (https://www.designindaba.com/articles/creative-work/five-things-know-about-ane-crabtree-latest-design-indaba-2019-speaker) . Design Indaba (/wiki/Design_Indaba) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Rasker, Rachel (14 September 2023). "The costume designer behind The Handmaid's Tale has a new show — this is her process" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-09-14/ane-crabtree-costume-designer-the-changeling-handmaids-tale/102822246) . ABC News . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Jenkins, Judie. "Local native has great career in entertainment world all sewn up" (https://archive.courierpress.com/news/local-native-has-great-career-in-entertainment-world-all-sewn-up-ep-445119879-324889841.html) . Courier Press . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Dressing for Dystopia:"The Handmaid's Tale" Costumes by Ane Crabtree" (https://www.scadfash.org/exhibitions/explore-costumes-handmaids-tale-designer-ane-crabtree) . SCAD FASH Museum of Fashion + Film . 21 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mclaughlin, Aimee (12 March 2019). "Ane Crabtree on creating worlds through costumes" (https://www.creativereview.co.uk/ane-crabtree-on-creating-worlds-through-costumes/) . Creative Review (/wiki/Creative_Review) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Ane Crabtree - The Handmaid's Tale, Westworld, The Sopranos" (https://apparelmagazine.co.nz/blog/ane-crabtree-the-handmaids-tale-westworld-the-sopranos/) . Apparel . 19 April 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Dove-Viebahn, Aviva (12 August 2019). "Shouting in Silence: The Ms. Q&A with Former "Handmaid's Tale" Costume Designer Ane Crabtree" (https://msmagazine.com/2019/08/12/shouting-in-silence-the-ms-qa-with-former-handmaids-tale-costume-designer-ane-crabtree/) . Ms. Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Wells, Myrydd (26 April 2018). "How The Handmaid's Tale costume designer Ane Crabtree dresses the dystopian world" (https://www.atlantamagazine.com/style/handmaids-tale-costume-designer-ane-crabtree-dresses-dystopian-world/) . Atlanta Magazine (/wiki/Atlanta_Magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) " (https://www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/news/a26002/ane-crabtree-masters-of-sex-interview/) 'Masters of Sex' Costumer: 1950's Underwear Is 'Better Than Anything Out There' (https://www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/news/a26002/ane-crabtree-masters-of-sex-interview/) " (https://www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/news/a26002/ane-crabtree-masters-of-sex-interview/) . ELLE . 2014-07-23 . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Dressing for Dystopia: The Handmaid's Tale Costumes by Ane Crabtree - e-flux Education" (https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/198097/dressing-for-dystopia-the-handmaid-s-tale-costumes-by-ane-crabtree/) . e-flux.com . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Laporte, Nicole. "Meet the costume designer for your favorite apocalyptic TV shows" (https://www.fastcompany.com/40571653/most-creative-people-2018-ane-crabtree) . Fast Company (/wiki/Fast_Company) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Newbold, Alice (2017-07-16). "The Handmaid's Tale Costume Designer On Dressing Margaret Atwood's Dystopia" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/handmaids-tale-costume-designer-ane-crabtree) . British Vogue . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The 2018 Costume Designers Guild Awards" (https://www.btlnews.com/blog-the-line/cdga-awards/) . Below the Line . 2018-02-23 . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . 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Galerie des Modes et Costumes Français Frontispiece for the first collected volume of Galerie des Modes et Costumes Français (1779). Country France (/wiki/France) Language French (/wiki/French_language) Publisher Esnault et Rapilly Published 1778-1787 Galerie des Modes et Costumes Français is a series of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and costume (/wiki/Costume) plates (/wiki/Fashion_plate) that was distributed in Paris (/wiki/Paris) from 1778 to 1787, during the reign of King Louis XVI of France (/wiki/King_Louis_XVI_of_France) and Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) . The first collected volume, which was produced in 1779, had a title page which bore an allegorical (/wiki/Allegory) illustration as well as the full title of the collection: Gallerie des modes et des costumes français dessinés d'après nature, Gravés par le plus Célèbres Artistes en ce genre, et colorés avec le plus grand soin par Madame Le Beau. Ouvrage commence en l'année 1778. A Paris, chez le Srs Esnauts et Rapilly rue St. Jacques à la Ville de coutances. Avec priv. Du Roi ( Gallery of French fashions and costumes, drawn from life, engraved by the most celebrated artists in this medium, and hand-colored with the greatest care by Madame Le Beau;publication begun in 1778. Paris, Messrs. Esnauts and Rapilly, rue Satin-Jacques, at the sign of the City of Countances. Licensed by the King ). Importantly, this lengthier epithet indicates that the engravings of the Galerie (or Gallerie , according to eighteenth-century spelling) were created "d'après nature," or "after nature," meaning that they were intended to represent what was actually worn in the streets of Paris during the latter part of the eighteenth century. Although they vary in their presentation, the majority of images included in this series are tableaux vivants in which Parisians from various walks of life flaunt their quotidian fashions. These plates were completed by a group of prominent, eighteenth-century designers and engravers and are accompanied by descriptive text. Although no private or public collection possesses a complete edition of the Galerie, the series is widely recognized for its high aesthetic value as well as its innovation within the overarching field of the fashion plate. René Colas, who compiled the major reference work Bibliographie générale du costume et de la mode (1933), calls it "the most beautiful collection in existence on the fashions of the eighteenth century." [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Background [ edit ] Galerie des modes was conceived during the final decades of the 1700s, a period when France was at the forefront of fashion innovation. To quote the historian James Laver (/wiki/James_Laver) , at this time "fashionable clothes...meant French clothes." [2] (#cite_note-2) This supreme influence was undoubtedly strengthened by Queen Marie Antoinette as well as figures such as Rose Bertin (/wiki/Rose_Bertin) (her dressmaker) and Monsieur Léonard Autié (/wiki/L%C3%A9onard_Auti%C3%A9) (her hairdresser) who were responsible for designing her iconic courtly wardrobe. [3] (#cite_note-3) Beginning in the 1770s (the decade during which Antoinette both married future king Louis-Auguste and assumed the title Queen of France and Navarre (/wiki/Queen_of_France_and_Navarre) ), women's dress came to exhibit greater variation than ever before; the fashion plate emerged under these conditions, as if to disseminate each budding trend. Despite the prominence of eighteenth-century French style, the first true fashion plates were produced for The Lady's Magazine (/wiki/The_Lady%27s_Magazine) , a British publication established in 1770. Prior to this date, the majority of prints published in France, such as Jean Dieu de Saint-Jean's (/wiki/Jean_Dieu_de_Saint-Jean) engravings of male and female costume at the Court of Louis XIV, were "costume plates," which depicted clothes "after the event." Information concerning the latest fashion was difficult to come by, so difficult, in fact, that the aforementioned Rose Bertin would travel the Continent each year in an enormous berline carriage (/wiki/Berlin_(carriage)) containing dolls dressed in the most up-to-date modes de Paris . [4] (#cite_note-4) Ostensibly rendered "after nature", according to the everyday observations of prominent contemporary artists, the engravings of the Galerie thus responded to a growing demand for fashion news as well as a general gap in the market of French prints. Publication [ edit ] The innovative Galerie des modes is the most expansive and perhaps the best known project of the print merchants Jacques Esnauts (or Esnault) and Michel Rapilly. Both of these men hailed from the region of Normandy (/wiki/Normandy) (Esnauts came from Magny-le-Désert (/wiki/Magny-le-D%C3%A9sert) , and Rapilly came from Pirou (/wiki/Pirou) ), and the name of their publishing house, Ville de Coutances , reflects these common origins. Located on the rue Saint-Jacques, this maison was established on July 6, 1773 following their brief stint at the nearby La Croix de Lorraine, where they had worked about three years earlier. Here the editors primarily published portraits of both historical and contemporary subjects; they began issuing the Galerie after obtaining a printing privilege (/wiki/Printing_patent) on July 29, 1778 and continued to do so until 1787. [5] (#cite_note-5) Perhaps in an effort to emulate the prints of The Lady's Magazine , various engravers, hairdressers, and booksellers had, at this time, published a number of small almanacs on contemporary fashion. In formulating their Galerie , Esnauts and Rapilly combined the subjects of these early volumes (which primarily focused on hairstyles) with the high quality of engraving found in series by the prolific Moreau le Jeune (/wiki/Jean-Michel_Moreau) , such as Suite d'estampes pour servir à l'Histoire des Moeurs et du Costume . [6] (#cite_note-6) The resulting prints were distributed at random intervals, usually in sets ( cahiers ) of six, for the price of 36 livres (/wiki/French_livre) (around 14 euro's in today's currency). Although many historians differ on the exact number of plates issued throughout publication, it is clear that over 400 engravings were issued in what was probably more than 70 portfolios. The first cahiers focused solely on hairstyles ( coiffures ) However, from the seventh cahier onwards, the series began to represent full outfits, illustrated from head-to-toe. The first collected volume of the Galerie (published in 1779) included 96 plates which came from the initial 16 portfolios of the series and was preceded by a forty-page descriptive introduction written by the lawyer G.François-Roger Molé. [7] (#cite_note-7) Production [ edit ] The Artists [ edit ] The Galerie implicated the work of numerous prominent visual artists. In fact, the full title of the series, which was displayed in the epigraph of the collected 1779 volume, vaunts that its illustrations were drawn by "the most celebrated artists ("les plus célebres artistes") of the period, all of which had achieved the highest level of mastery in their medium. Recognized as some of the best fashion illustrators of their time, the designers tied to the project included Pierre Thomas Le Clerc (or Leclére), Claude Louis Desrais, François Louis Joseph Watteau (the grandnephew of Antoine Watteau (/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Watteau) ), Augustin de Saint-Aubin, and Jean-Baptiste Martin. Claude-Ferdinand Gaillard, Jean-Baptiste Patas, Pierre Andrien Le Beau, Nicolas Dupin, his son Jean Pierre Julien, Etienne Claude Voysard, Jean Alexandre Aveline, Pélissier, Jacques Le Roy, J.P. Vossinik (or Wossinik), and Jean-François Janinet appear to have been the enlisted engravers. In certain cases, the draftsman Martin seems to have acted as both the designer and engraver. To quote Peter McNeil and Sanda Miller's Fashion Writing and Criticism: History, Theory, Practice , the compositions completed by each one of these artists demonstrate "the strong influence of figurative painting in their creation." [8] (#cite_note-8) Although there exist no contracts that officially confirm the involvement of these artists, their respective contributions are marked by signatures. [9] (#cite_note-9) With the exception of the first six notebooks (which are not signed) as well as a few other plates which seem to have been released later in publication, the names of the designer and the engraver are found below each image included in the Galerie , often with variations in spelling. The name of the designer normally appears at the lower right of each plate, alongside the words "Dessiné par" or "del." ("delineavit"). The name of the engraver, meanwhile, is typically found on the lower right beside the terms "Gravé par" (or "Gravée par), "sc." or "sculp." ("sculpsit"). [10] (#cite_note-10) In certain rarer cases, the designer's name is accompanied by the word "inv." ("invenit"), meaning "invented it" or "devised it." This notation can often be viewed, for example, alongside the signature of Jean-Baptiste Martin and seems to have been used for the first time in the twenty-fourth cahier of the series. The Plates [ edit ] The prints of the Galerie were rendered through a process commonly implemented in fashion plate production. The designers provided the drawings for the series, and the engravers accordingly translated their creations into prints (in this case etchings (/wiki/Etching) , or line engravings). These images would then be tinted (/wiki/Tints_and_shades) by hand either prior to distribution (presumably by Madame Le Beau) or after distribution by a "home hobbyist". [11] (#cite_note-11) The prints, for this reason, were sold both in color and in black and white. Plates from the Galerie can be divided into essentially five categories of composition. Among suites depicting coiffures, three different formate emerge, all of which feature isolated figures illustrated from the shoulders up. In the first six cahiers of the Galerie , the designer (whose identity is not confirmed) has rendered four figures that appear in distinct rectangular quadrants. In later four-figure, coiffure -oriented plates, the subjects are distinguished by oval-shaped frames. Particularly in plates depicting more than four hairstyles (some contain twelve or sixteen), figures are separated by individual rectangles as well as overlaid elliptical frames. Among suites depicting entire outfits (" habillemens à la mode "), there emerge essentially two different compositions. In most cases, one to three full-length figures appear in what is supposed to be a general, quotidian scene. Designed to showcase the fashions worn by these characters (rather than any complex narrative action), the backgrounds of these plates contain few elements, if any at all. Though figures are sometimes drawn in a specific setting, such as a garden, patio, or dressing room, they are depicted, perhaps more often, in a nondescript indoor or outdoor space with a mostly blank background. In certain later prints, figures are drawn individually, in frames rendered at the center of the composition on a rather small scale. This inner pictorial space is surrounded by garments that, relative to the depicted figure, appear larger than life. In some cases, these accoutrements are labeled with numbers corresponding to captions at the bottom of the plate. Captions, indeed, are found on practically every print included in the Galerie . On plates with full-outfit compositions, text is printed directly below each image andusually above some variation of the inscription, "A Paris chez Esnauts et Rapilly rue St Jacques, à la Ville de Countances. Avec Priv du Roi (or A.P.D.R.)," which gives readers general information about publication. On certain plates devoted to coiffures , captions appear in the space of the illustrated figures. Though always descriptive in nature, the content of these captions varies from plate to plate. In some cases, the text simply focuses on the intricacies of the represented fashions. However, in others, it gives a sense of narrative and highlights the identity of the depicted character. Throughout the series, the length of these captions also has a tendency to fluctuate. The Subjects [ edit ] In the late eighteenth century the courtly presence of Marie Antoinette was, as mentioned, absolutely instrumental to augmenting France's influence on the world of fashion at large. The subjects of the Galerie , however, are by no means relegated to "ladies of the highest rank." [12] (#cite_note-12) In addition to noblewomen, the series represents members of the bourgeoisie and the serving class. (To quote the exhibition catalogue, New for Now: The Origin of Fashion Magazines , published by the Rijksmuseum, "the costumier and the housemaid also appear" in certain plates [13] (#cite_note-13) ) Though outnumbered by these other subjects, the series also devotes some of its prints to the fashions of men and children. These drawings were touted as "designs after nature" (" dessinés d'après nature "), reflecting the fact that the designers who contributed to the series would draw from life. Their compositions were based on the most fashionable garments and hairstyles of period, which they would often observe with their own eyes at popular locales, such as parks, theaters, and even the ateliers of fashionable dressmakers and tailors. [14] (#cite_note-14) Breaking ever so slightly from this mold, several plates found within the series also depict costumes made for eighteenth-century productions of theater and ballet, many of which were designed by P.N Sarrazin who is listed in various captions as the "'Costumier des Princes"" ("Costume designer of Princes"). Impact [ edit ] Galerie des Modes is a huge monument to the world of fashion. As highlighted in New for Now , the Galerie was circulated among a wide array of "fashion-conscious" audiences, both in France and abroad, and would ultimately go down in history as "the best and largest" fashion plate series of the eighteenth century. [15] (#cite_note-15) Among contemporary audiences, the Galerie is often regarded as the first illustrated fashion journal. However, the series actually cannot be defined as a true magazine, at least according to the modern definition of the term. The Cabinet des Modes ou les Modes Nouvelles (/wiki/Cabinet_des_Modes) , which was first launched in 1785 and, a year later, came to be called the Magazin des Modes Nouvelle Françaises et Anglaises , is recognized as the first real fashion magazine, for, in contrast to the sporadically distributed Galerie des Modes , it was issued regularly (every fortnight) and reproduced typographically, contained illustrations, and focused exclusively on fashion and lifestyle. [16] (#cite_note-16) Today the original prints of Galerie are extremely rare, particularly in a comprehensively compiled form. Between 1911 and 1914, Paul Cornu and Emile Lévy published a reproduction of the series complete with hand-colored plates as well as text sourced from eighteenth-century periodicals and literature, though only 325 plates are accounted for. [17] (#cite_note-17) This rare edition can be read at a select number prominent research institutions, including Brooklyn Museum (/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum) Library where one can also examine the 24-plate volume compiled and by Roger-Armand Weigert. The Frick Art Reference Library (/wiki/Frick_Art_Reference_Library) , the Brooklyn Museum (/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum) , the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) (FIT), the Museum of Fine Arts (/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston) (MFA) in Boston (/wiki/Boston) , and the British Museum (/wiki/British_Museum) also house significant portions of the Galerie . None, however, possess a complete run of the series. In collections that have not been arranged as coherent volumes such as those compiled by Cornu and Weigert, each cahier seems to be categorized by a letter (or letters) which label all of its corresponding prints, and each of these prints is marked with a number, indicating its place in the Galerie as a whole. The first plate of each cahier also tends to bear a categorical epithet, such as "9e Cahier des Costumes Français. 3e Suite d'Habillmens a la mode," that gives the reader basic information about its content. This system of notation, however, has not been completely resolved, for certain prints appear without numbers, letters, signatures, or, in some cases, all the above. As a result, many cahiers have been left with an incomplete appearance. Furthermore, prints that have been arranged in the customary suite of six do not always adhere to a consistent theme or compositional format. Regardless of their degree of accuracy and fidelity, the existence of these posthumous editions reflects the persistent importance of the Galerie in the worlds of fashion, costume, and, more generally, visual culture (/wiki/Visual_culture) . Gallery [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Blum, Stella, Eighteenth-Century French Fashion Plates: 64 Engravings from the "Galerie des Modes," 1778-1787. Mineola: Dover Publications, Inc., 1982, p. v ^ (#cite_ref-2) Laver, James. Costume and Fashion: a Concise History. London: Thame and Hudson, 1985, p. 127 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Koning, Georgette, and Els Verhaak. New for Now: the Origin of Fashion Magazines. Translated by Lynne Richards. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2015, pp.70-72 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Laver, James. Costume and Fashion: a Concise History. London: Thame and Hudson, 1985, pp. 144-147 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Maxime Préaud, et al., Dictionnaire des éditeurs d'estampes à Paris sous l'Ancien Régime. Promodis: Editions du Cercle de la Librairie, 1987, pp. 117-118 ^ (#cite_ref-6) "La Galerie des modes." The Fashion Institute , http://fashioninstitute.canalblog.com/archives/2011/03/10/20594418.html (http://fashioninstitute.canalblog.com/archives/2011/03/10/20594418.html) . Accessed 20 June 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Delpierre, Madeleine. Dress in France in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997, p.158 ^ (#cite_ref-8) McNeil, Peter, and Sanda Miller. Fashion Writing and Criticism: History, Theory, Practice. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014, p.68 ^ (#cite_ref-9) "La Galerie des modes." The Fashion Institute , http://fashioninstitute.canalblog.com/archives/2011/03/10/20594418.html (http://fashioninstitute.canalblog.com/archives/2011/03/10/20594418.html) . Accessed 20 June 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Blum, Stella. Eighteenth-Century French Fashion Plates: 64 Engravings from the "Galerie des Modes," 1778-1787. Mineola: Dover Publications, Inc., 1982, p. v ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Galerie des Modes et Costumes Français: 1778-1787," http://blog.fitnyc.edu/materialmode/2013/08/28/galerie-des-modes-et-costumes-francais-1778-1787/ (http://blog.fitnyc.edu/materialmode/2013/08/28/galerie-des-modes-et-costumes-francais-1778-1787/) . Accessed 26 June 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Koning, Georgette, and Els Verhaak. New for Now: the Origin of Fashion Magazines. Translated by Lynne Richards. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2015, p.97 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Koning, Georgette, and Els Verhaak. New for Now: the Origin of Fashion Magazines. Translated by Lynne Richards. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2015, p.97 ^ (#cite_ref-14) Koning, Georgette, and Els Verhaak. New for Now: the Origin of Fashion Magazines. Translated by Lynne Richards. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2015, p.98 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Koning, Georgette, and Els Verhaak. New for Now: the Origin of Fashion Magazines. Translated by Lynne Richards. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2015, p.97 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Koning, Georgette, and Els Verhaak. New for Now: the Origin of Fashion Magazines. Translated by Lynne Richards. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2015, p.99 ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Galerie des Modes et Costumes Français: 1778-1787," http://blog.fitnyc.edu/materialmode/2013/08/28/galerie-des-modes-et-costumes-francais-1778-1787/ (http://blog.fitnyc.edu/materialmode/2013/08/28/galerie-des-modes-et-costumes-francais-1778-1787/) . Accessed 26 June 2017 Galerie des Modes et Costumes Français [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerie_des_Modes_et_Costumes_Fran%C3%A7ais&action=edit&section=) . ( January 2019 ) External links [ edit ] Gallerie des modes et costumes français dessinés d'après nature par les plus célèbres artistes en ce genre... (Paris, 1778-1788) (http://mbc.cyfrowemazowsze.pl/publication/65270) - hand coloured plates from collection of the National Museum in Warsaw (Poland); Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb456945321) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb456945321) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐kbdg2 Cached time: 20240715063816 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.436 seconds Real time usage: 0.705 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 662/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9453/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 591/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36060/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.263/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1835935/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 550.245 1 -total 39.50% 217.340 1 Template:Authority_control 19.86% 109.255 1 Template:Empty_section 18.58% 102.259 1 Template:Infobox_book_series 18.38% 101.122 1 Template:Ambox 16.43% 90.415 1 Template:Infobox 5.53% 30.440 1 Template:Reflist 0.62% 3.437 1 Template:Template_other 0.48% 2.661 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54305013-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715063816 and revision id 1176442616. 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Pendant that opens to hold a small item For the cough drops, see Lockets (/wiki/Lockets) . For other uses, see Locket (disambiguation) (/wiki/Locket_(disambiguation)) and The Locket (disambiguation) (/wiki/The_Locket_(disambiguation)) . This article is missing information about the historical inception of this item. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Locket) . ( July 2024 ) A late 17th-century locket, depicting the head of King Charles I (/wiki/Charles_I_of_England) (reigned 1625–1649) A locket is a pendant (/wiki/Pendant) that opens to reveal a space used for storing a photograph (/wiki/Photograph) or other small item such as a lock of hair. Lockets are usually given to loved ones on holidays such as Valentine's Day (/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day) and occasions such as christenings (/wiki/Infant_baptism) , weddings (/wiki/Wedding) and, most noticeably during the Victorian Age (/wiki/Victorian_Age) , funerals (/wiki/Funeral) . Historically, they often opened to reveal a portrait miniature (/wiki/Portrait_miniature) . Lockets are generally worn on chains around the neck and often hold a photo of the person who gave the locket, or they could form part of a charm bracelet. They come in many shapes such as ovals, hearts, prisms and circles and are usually made of precious metals such as gold or silver befitting their status as decorative jewellery. Lockets usually hold only one or two photographs, but some specially made lockets can hold up to eight. Some lockets have been fashioned as 'spinner' lockets, where the bail (/wiki/Bail_(jewelry)) that attaches to the necklace chain is attached but not fixed to the locket itself which is free to spin. This was a common style in the Victorian Age (/wiki/Victorian_Age) . Around 1860 memento lockets started to replace mourning rings (/wiki/Mourning_ring) as the preferred style of mourning jewellery. [1] (#cite_note-Barton-1) Keepsake lockets can also be made with a glass pane at the front so that what is inside can be seen without opening the locket. Such lockets are generally used for items like locks of hair which could fall out and become lost if the locket were repeatedly opened, whereas photograph lockets are generally enclosed on all sides and the photographs are secured by pieces of clear plastic. Another kind of locket still made was in a filigree (/wiki/Filigree) style with a small cushion in the centre to which a few drops of perfume should be added. Perfume lockets were popular in eras when personal hygiene was restricted and sweet smelling perfume was used to mask the odour of a person or their companions. Very rare World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) - and World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) -era British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and American (/wiki/United_States) military uniform locket buttons (/wiki/Button) exist, containing miniature working compasses (/wiki/Compass) . [2] (#cite_note-2) See also [ edit ] Coin locket (/wiki/Coin_locket) Stanhope (optical bijou) (/wiki/Stanhope_(optical_bijou)) References [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lockets (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lockets) . ^ (#cite_ref-Barton_1-0) Barton, Caroline (31 October 2013). "Mourning rings: portable and poignant souvenirs" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162649/http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2013/10/31/mourning-rings-portable-and-poignant-souvenirs/) . britishmuseum.org . British Museum. Archived from the original (http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2013/10/31/mourning-rings-portable-and-poignant-souvenirs/) on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 31 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.126 . Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7643-1815-2 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2003101645 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2003101645) . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/4230464-7) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐h6zqj Cached time: 20240720165856 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.357 seconds Real time usage: 0.578 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 686/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13058/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1022/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16223/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.258/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4823941/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 540.174 1 -total 28.85% 155.849 1 Template:Short_description 19.85% 107.224 1 Template:Reflist 19.00% 102.643 1 Template:Authority_control 16.04% 86.654 1 Template:Cite_web 14.53% 78.493 1 Template:Commons_category 14.14% 76.388 1 Template:Sister_project 13.82% 74.679 2 Template:Pagetype 13.82% 74.661 1 Template:Side_box 10.73% 57.943 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2623329-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165856 and revision id 1228859869. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Locket&oldid=1228859869 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Locket&oldid=1228859869) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) Jewellery components (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_components) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles to be expanded from July 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_July_2024) Commons category link is locally defined (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Use dmy dates from June 2024 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2024)
Having both male and female characteristics For other uses, see Androgyny (disambiguation) (/wiki/Androgyny_(disambiguation)) . This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Androgyny) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Androgyny) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may lack focus or may be about more than one topic . Please help improve this article, possibly by splitting (/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting) the article and/or by introducing a disambiguation page (/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation) , or discuss this issue on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Androgyny) . ( December 2018 ) This article needs attention from an expert in anthropology . The specific problem is: This article covers contemporary fashion far more than it covers human history and behaviour. WikiProject Anthropology (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Anthropology) may be able to help recruit an expert. ( December 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Androgyny is the possession of both masculine (/wiki/Masculine) and feminine (/wiki/Feminine) characteristics. [1] (#cite_note-x-1) Androgyny may be expressed with regard to biological sex (/wiki/Sex) , gender identity (/wiki/Gender_identity) , or gender expression (/wiki/Gender_expression) . When androgyny refers to mixed biological sex characteristics in humans, it often refers to conditions in which characteristics of both sexes are clearly expressed in a single individual, with fully developed sexual organs of both sexes, also called hermaphrodites. [2] (#cite_note-2) It also refers to intersex (/wiki/Intersex) people, who are born with congenital variations that complicate assigning their sex at birth (/wiki/Sex_assignment) , but do not have fully developed sexual organs of both sexes. Regarding gender identity (/wiki/Gender_identity) , androgynous individuals may identify as transgender (/wiki/Transgender) or non-binary (/wiki/Non-binary) and use this as a form of gender expression (/wiki/Gender_expression) , in which androgyny has fluctuated in popularity in different cultures and throughout history. Physically, an androgynous appearance may be achieved through personal grooming, fashion, or hormone treatment (/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy) , and may not present as distinctly male or female. Etymology [ edit ] The term derives from Ancient Greek (/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language) : ἀνδρόγυνος (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82) , from ἀνήρ , stem (/wiki/Word_stem) ἀνδρ - ( anér, andro- , meaning man) and γυνή ( gunē, gyné , meaning woman) through the Latin (/wiki/Latin_language) : androgynus (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/androgynus) . [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] See also: Sexuality in ancient Rome § Hermaphroditism and androgyny (/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome#Hermaphroditism_and_androgyny) Androgyny is attested from earliest history and across world cultures. In ancient Sumer (/wiki/Sumer) , androgynous and intersex (/wiki/Intersex) men were heavily involved in the cult of Inanna (/wiki/Inanna) . [4] (#cite_note-Leick-4) : 157–158 A set of priests known as gala (/wiki/Gala_(priests)) worked in Inanna's temples, where they performed elegies and lamentations. [4] (#cite_note-Leick-4) : 285 Gala took female names, spoke in the eme-sal (/wiki/Eme-sal) dialect, which was traditionally reserved for women, and appear to have engaged in sexual acts with men (/wiki/Gay_sexual_practices) . [5] (#cite_note-Roscoe-5) In later Mesopotamian (/wiki/Mesopotamia) cultures, kurgarrū and assinnu were servants of the goddess Ishtar (/wiki/Ishtar) (Inanna's East Semitic (/wiki/East_Semitic) equivalent), who dressed in female clothing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) and performed war dances in Ishtar's temples. [5] (#cite_note-Roscoe-5) Several Akkadian proverbs (/wiki/Proverb) seem to suggest that they may have also engaged in sexual activity with men. [5] (#cite_note-Roscoe-5) Gwendolyn Leick, an anthropologist known for her writings on Mesopotamia, has compared these individuals to the contemporary Indian hijra (/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)) . [4] (#cite_note-Leick-4) : 158–163 In one Akkadian hymn, Ishtar is described as transforming men into women. [5] (#cite_note-Roscoe-5) The 2nd century CE Mishnah (/wiki/Mishnah) , a foundational text of Rabbinic Judaism (/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism) , mentions the term androgynos (/wiki/Androgynos) 32 times. In one mention, Rabbi Meir (/wiki/Rabbi_Meir) describes the androgynos as "a creation of its own type, which the sages could not decide whether is male or female". [6] (#cite_note-6) The ancient Greek myth (/wiki/Greek_mythology) of Hermaphroditus (/wiki/Hermaphroditus) and Salmacis (/wiki/Salmacis) , two divinities who fused into a single immortal – provided a frame of reference used in Western culture for centuries. Androgyny and homosexuality are also seen in Plato's Symposium (/wiki/Plato%27s_Symposium) , in a myth where humanity started as three sexes: male-male people that descended from the sun, female-female people who descended from Earth, and male-female people who came from the Moon. [7] (#cite_note-7) This is one of the earlier written references to androgyny - and the only case in classical Greek texts that female homosexuality (lesbianism) is ever mentioned. Philosophers such as Philo of Alexandria (/wiki/Philo_of_Alexandria) , and early Christian leaders such as Origen (/wiki/Origen) and Gregory of Nyssa (/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa) , continued to promote the idea of androgyny as humans' original and perfect state during late antiquity (/wiki/Late_antiquity) ." [8] (#cite_note-Lugt,_Maaike_2010-8) In medieval Europe (/wiki/Middle_Ages) , the concept of androgyny played an important role in both Christian theological (/wiki/Theology) debate and alchemical (/wiki/Alchemy) theory. Influential theologians such as John of Damascus (/wiki/John_of_Damascus) and John Scotus Eriugena (/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena) continued to promote the pre-fall androgyny proposed by the early Church Fathers (/wiki/Church_Fathers) , while other clergy expounded and debated the proper view and treatment of contemporary hermaphrodites. [8] (#cite_note-Lugt,_Maaike_2010-8) Modern history [ edit ] Western esotericism (/wiki/Western_esotericism) 's embrace of androgyny continued into the modern period (/wiki/Modern_history) . A 1550 anthology of alchemical thought, De Alchemia (/wiki/De_Alchemia) , included the influential Rosary of the Philosophers (/wiki/Rosary_of_the_Philosophers) , which depicts the sacred marriage of the masculine principle (Sol) with the feminine principle (Luna) producing the "Divine Androgyne," a representation of alchemical Hermetic (/wiki/Hermeticism) beliefs in dualism, transformation, and the transcendental perfection of the union of opposites. [9] (#cite_note-9) The symbolism and meaning of androgyny was a central preoccupation of the German mystic (/wiki/German_mystic) Jakob Böhme (/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme) and the Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg (/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg) . The philosophical concept of the "Universal Androgyne" (or "Universal Hermaphrodite") – a perfect merging of the sexes that predated the current corrupted world and/or was the utopia of the next – is also important in some strains of Rosicrucianism (/wiki/Rosicrucianism) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) and in philosophical traditions such as Swedenborgianism (/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)) and Theosophy (/wiki/Theosophy_(Boehmian)) . [ citation needed ] Twentieth century architect Claude Fayette Bragdon (/wiki/Claude_Fayette_Bragdon) expressed the concept mathematically as a magic square (/wiki/Magic_square) , using it as building block in many of his most noted buildings (/wiki/First_Universalist_Church_(Rochester,_New_York)) . [12] (#cite_note-12) In the mid-18th century, the macaronis (/wiki/Macaroni_(fashion)) of Georgian-era (/wiki/Georgian_era) England (/wiki/England) were a wealthy subculture (/wiki/Subculture) of young men, known for androgynous gender expression (/wiki/Gender_expression) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Their unusually large wigs (/wiki/Wig) , lavish fashion (/wiki/Haute_couture) , and sentimental (/wiki/Sentimentality) behavior prompted backlash from conservative generations of the time. In 1770, the Oxford Dictionary declared, "There is indeed a kind of animal, neither male nor female, a thing of the neuter gender (/wiki/Grammatical_gender) , lately started up among us. It is called a macaroni." [14] (#cite_note-14) An example is portrait artist Richard Cosway (/wiki/Richard_Cosway) , referred to as "the Macaroni artist." [15] (#cite_note-15) Psychological [ edit ] This section needs attention from an expert in psychology . The specific problem is: This article describes personality attributes, but not underlying principles. WikiProject Psychology (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Psychology) may be able to help recruit an expert. ( December 2018 ) In psychological study, various measures have been used to characterize gender, such as the Bem Sex Role Inventory (/wiki/Bem_Sex-Role_Inventory) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (/wiki/Personal_Attributes_Questionnaire) . [16] (#cite_note-:5-16) Masculine traits are categorized as agentic (/wiki/Agency_(philosophy)#In_psychology) and instrumental, dealing with assertiveness and analytical skill. Feminine traits are categorized as communal and expressive, dealing with empathy and subjectivity. [17] (#cite_note-17) Androgynous individuals exhibit behavior that extends beyond what is normally associated with their given sex. [18] (#cite_note-18) Due to the possession of both masculine and feminine characteristics, androgynous individuals have access to a wider array of psychological competencies in regards to emotional regulation, communication styles, and situational adaptability. Androgynous individuals have also been associated with higher levels of creativity and mental health. [19] (#cite_note-:4-19) [20] (#cite_note-:32-20) Bem Sex-Role Inventory [ edit ] The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (/wiki/Bem_Sex-Role_Inventory) (BSRI) was constructed by the early leading proponent of androgyny, Sandra Bem (/wiki/Sandra_Bem) (1977). [21] (#cite_note-Santrock-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) The BSRI is one of the most widely used gender measures. Based on an individual's responses to the items in the BSRI, they are classified as having one of four gender role orientations: masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. Bem understood that both masculine and feminine characteristics could be expressed by anyone and it would determine those gender role orientations. [23] (#cite_note-23) An androgynous person is an individual who has a high degree of both feminine (expressive) and masculine (instrumental) traits. A feminine individual is ranked high on feminine (expressive) traits and ranked low on masculine (instrumental) traits. A masculine individual is ranked high on instrumental traits and ranked low on expressive traits. An undifferentiated person is low on both feminine and masculine traits. [21] (#cite_note-Santrock-21) According to Sandra Bem, androgynous individuals are more flexible and more mentally healthy than either masculine or feminine individuals; undifferentiated individuals are less competent. [21] (#cite_note-Santrock-21) More recent research has debunked this idea, at least to some extent, and Bem herself has found weaknesses in her original pioneering work. [ citation needed ] Now she prefers to work with gender schema theory (/wiki/Gender_schema_theory) . One study found that masculine and androgynous individuals had higher expectations for being able to control the outcomes of their academic efforts than feminine or undifferentiated individuals. [24] (#cite_note-Choi-24) Personal Attributes Questionnaire [ edit ] The Personal Attributes Questionnaire (/wiki/Personal_Attributes_Questionnaire) (PAQ) was developed in the 70s by Janet Spence, Robert Helmreich, and Joy Stapp. This test asked subjects to complete a survey consisting of three sets of scales relating to masculinity, femininity, and masculinity-femininity. These scales had sets of adjectives commonly associated with males, females, and both. These descriptors were chosen based on typical characteristics as rated by a population of undergrad students. Similar to the BSRI, the PAQ labeled androgynous individuals as people who ranked highly in both the areas of masculinity and femininity. However, Spence and Helmreich considered androgyny to be a descriptor of high levels of masculinity and femininity as opposed to a category in and of itself. [16] (#cite_note-:5-16) Biological sex [ edit ] See also: Sex differences in humans (/wiki/Sex_differences_in_humans) Historically, the word androgynous was applied to humans with a mixture of male and female sex characteristics, and was sometimes used synonymously with the term hermaphrodite (/wiki/Hermaphrodite) . [25] (#cite_note-25) In some disciplines, such as botany, androgynous and hermaphroditic are still used interchangeably. When androgyny is used to refer to physical traits, it often refers to a person whose biological sex is difficult to discern at a glance because of their mixture of male and female characteristics. Because androgyny encompasses additional meanings related to gender identity and gender expression that are distinct from biological sex, today the word androgynous is rarely used to formally describe mixed biological sex characteristics in humans. [26] (#cite_note-26) In modern English, the word intersex (/wiki/Intersex) is used to more precisely describe individuals with mixed or ambiguous sex characteristics. However, both intersex and non-intersex people can exhibit a mixture of male and female sex traits such as hormone levels, type of internal and external genitalia, and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics. 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(/wiki/Sexual_orientation) Social construction of gender (/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender) Transgender portal (/wiki/Portal:Transgender) LGBT portal (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) Category (/wiki/Category:Transgender) v t e An individual's gender identity, a personal sense of one's own gender, may be described as androgynous if they feel that they have both masculine and feminine aspects. The word androgyne can refer to a person who does not fit neatly into one of the typical masculine or feminine gender roles (/wiki/Gender_roles) of their society, or to a person whose gender is a mixture of male and female, not necessarily half-and-half. Many androgynous individuals identify as being mentally or emotionally both masculine and feminine. They may also identify as " gender-neutral (/wiki/Gender-neutral) ", "genderqueer", or "non-binary". [ citation needed ] [27] (#cite_note-27) A person who is androgynous may engage freely in what is seen as masculine or feminine behaviors as well as tasks. They may have a balanced identity that includes the virtues of both men and women and may disassociate the task with what gender they may be socially or physically assigned to. [28] (#cite_note-:0-28) People who identify as androgynous typically disregard which traits are culturally constructed specifically for males and females within a society, and rather focus on what behavior is most effective within the situational circumstance. [28] (#cite_note-:0-28) Some non-Western cultures recognize additional androgynous gender identities, called third genders (/wiki/Third_gender) . Gender expression [ edit ] Louise Brooks (/wiki/Louise_Brooks) exemplified the flapper (/wiki/Flapper) . Flappers challenged traditional gender roles and had boyish hair cuts and androgynous figures. [29] (#cite_note-29) Gender expression (/wiki/Gender_expression) that includes a mixture of masculine and feminine characteristics can be described as androgynous. The categories of masculine and feminine in gender expression are socially constructed (/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender) , and rely on shared conceptions of clothing, behavior, communication style, and other aspects of presentation. In some cultures, androgynous gender expression has been celebrated, while in others, androgynous expression has been limited or suppressed. (/wiki/Gender_policing) To say that a culture or relationship is androgynous is to say that it lacks rigid gender roles (/wiki/Gender_role) , or has blurred lines between gender roles. The word genderqueer (/wiki/Genderqueer) is often used by androgynous individuals to refer to themselves, but the terms genderqueer and androgynous are neither equivalent nor interchangeable. [30] (#cite_note-30) Genderqueer , by virtue of its ties with queer (/wiki/Queer) culture, carries sociopolitical connotations that androgyny does not carry. For the association with homosexuality (/wiki/Homosexuality) , some androgynes may find the label genderqueer inaccurate, inapplicable, or offensive. Androgyneity is considered by some to be a viable alternative to androgyn for differentiating internal (psychological) factors from external (visual) factors. [31] (#cite_note-31) [ unreliable source? ] An alternative to androgyny is gender-role transcendence : the view that individual competence should be conceptualized on a personal basis rather than on the basis of masculinity, femininity, or androgyny. [32] (#cite_note-Pleck-32) In agenderism (/wiki/Agender) , the division of people into women and men (in the psychical sense), is considered erroneous and artificial. [33] (#cite_note-33) Agendered individuals are those who reject gender labeling in conception of self-identity and other matters. [34] (#cite_note-towson-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) They see their subjectivity (/wiki/Subjectivity) through the term person instead of woman or man . [34] (#cite_note-towson-34) : p.16 According to E. O. Wright, genderless people can have traits, behaviors and dispositions that correspond to what is currently viewed as feminine and masculine, and the mix of these would vary across persons. Nevertheless, it does not suggest that everyone would be androgynous in their identities and practices in the absence of gendered relations. What disappears in the idea of genderlessness is any expectation that some characteristics and dispositions are strictly attributed to a person of any biological sex. [38] (#cite_note-38) Contemporary trends [ edit ] Main article: Androgyny in fashion (/wiki/Androgyny_in_fashion) Labor leader Luisa Capetillo (/wiki/Luisa_Capetillo) wearing men's clothing Throughout most of twentieth century Western history, social rules have restricted people's dress according to gender. Trousers were traditionally a male form of dress, frowned upon for women. [39] (#cite_note-:1-39) However, during the 19th century, female spies were introduced and Vivandières (/wiki/Vivandi%C3%A8re) wore a certain uniform with a dress over trousers. Women activists during that time would also decide to wear trousers, for example Luisa Capetillo (/wiki/Luisa_Capetillo) , a women's rights activist and the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers in public. [40] (#cite_note-40) Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , the tuxedo suit (/wiki/Tuxedo) "Le Smoking", created in 1966 In the 20th century, starting around World War I traditional gender roles blurred and fashion pioneers such as Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) and Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) introduced trousers to women's fashion. The "flapper style" for women of this era included trousers and a chic bob, which gave women an androgynous look. [41] (#cite_note-41) Coco Chanel, who had a love for wearing trousers herself, created trouser designs for women such as beach pajamas and horse-riding attire. [39] (#cite_note-:1-39) During the 1930s, glamorous actresses such as Marlene Dietrich (/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich) fascinated and shocked many with their strong desire to wear trousers and adopt the androgynous style. Dietrich is remembered as one of the first actresses to wear trousers in a premiere. [42] (#cite_note-42) Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the women's liberation movement is likely to have contributed to ideas and influenced fashion designers, such as Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . [43] (#cite_note-43) Yves Saint Laurent designed the Le Smoking suit and introduced it in 1966, while Helmut Newton (/wiki/Helmut_Newton) 's erotized androgynous photographs of the suit made it iconic and a classic. [44] (#cite_note-44) Elvis Presley (/wiki/Elvis_Presley) introduced an androgynous style in rock'n'roll. [45] (#cite_note-:2-45) His pretty face and use of eye makeup often made people think he was a rather " effeminate (/wiki/Effeminacy) guy", [46] (#cite_note-:3-46) When the Rolling Stones (/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones) played London's Hyde Park (/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London) in 1969, Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) wore a white "man's dress" designed by Michael Fish (/wiki/Michael_Fish_(fashion_designer)) . [47] (#cite_note-47) Fish was the most fashionable shirt-maker in London, the inventor of the Kipper tie (/wiki/Kipper_tie) , and a principal taste-maker of the peacock revolution (/wiki/Peacock_revolution) in men's fashion. [48] (#cite_note-48) His creation for Mick Jagger was considered to be the epitome of the swinging 60s (/wiki/Swinging_60s) . [49] (#cite_note-49) Pop stars Boy George (/wiki/Boy_George) (pictured) and Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) appeared on the front cover of Smash Hits (/wiki/Smash_Hits) magazine in December 1983 in identical makeup, followed by the cover of Newsweek (/wiki/Newsweek) in January 1984 to mark a second British Invasion (/wiki/Second_British_Invasion) . [50] (#cite_note-WP-50) Music journalist Sue Steward wrote that the Smash Hits cover "begged the question, 'Which one is the boy?'" [51] (#cite_note-51) In 1972, David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) presented his alter ego Ziggy Stardust (/wiki/Ziggy_Stardust_(character)) , a character that was a symbol of sexual ambiguity when he launched the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and Spiders from Mars . [52] (#cite_note-52) Marc Bolan (/wiki/Marc_Bolan) , the other pioneer of glam rock (/wiki/Glam_rock) , performed on the BBC's Top of the Pops (/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops) in 1971 wearing glitter and satins, with The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) stating his appearance "permitted a generation of teeny-boppers to begin playing with the idea of androgyny". [53] (#cite_note-53) The 1973 West End (/wiki/West_End_theatre) musical The Rocky Horror Show (/wiki/The_Rocky_Horror_Show) also depicted sexual fluidity. [54] (#cite_note-54) Continuing into the 1980s, the rise of avant-garde fashion designers like Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) , [55] (#cite_note-55) challenged the social constructs around gender. They reinvigorated androgyny in fashion, addressing gender issues. This was also reflected within pop culture icons during the 1980s, such as Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) , Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) and Boy George (/wiki/Boy_George) . [50] (#cite_note-WP-50) [56] (#cite_note-56) X Japan (/wiki/X_Japan) founder Yoshiki (/wiki/Yoshiki_(musician)) is often labelled androgynous, known for having worn lace dresses and acting effeminate during performances. [57] (#cite_note-GlobalGlam-57) Power dressing (/wiki/Power_dressing) for women became even more prominent within the 1980s which was previously only something done by men in order to look structured and powerful. However, during the 1980s this began to take a turn as women were entering jobs with equal roles to the men. In the article "The Menswear Phenomenon" by Kathleen Beckett written for Vogue in 1984 the concept of power dressing is explored as women entered these jobs they had no choice but to tailor their wardrobes accordingly, eventually leading the ascension of power dressing as a popular style for women. [58] (#cite_note-58) Women begin to find through fashion they can incite men to pay more attention to the seduction of their mental prowess rather, than the physical attraction of their appearance. This influence in the fashion world quickly makes its way to the world of film, with movies like "Working Girl" using power dressing women as their main subject matter. Japanese designers began popularizing androgynous fashion in the 1980s, as seen in the work of Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) and Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) , who brought in a distinct Japanese style that adopted distinctively gender ambiguous theme. These two designers consider themselves a part of the avant-garde, reinvigorating Japanism. [59] (#cite_note-59) Yamamoto has expressed the lack of necessity behind gender distinctions, stating "I always wonder who decided that there should be a difference in the clothes of men and women" [60] (#cite_note-60) Also during the 1980s, Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , a singer and fashion model, gender-thwarted appearance in the 1980s, which startled the public. Her androgynous style inspired many and she became an androgynous style icon for modern celebrities. [61] (#cite_note-61) South Korean pop star G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) is often noted for his androgynous looks. [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) Androgyny has been gaining more prominence in popular culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) in the early 21st century. [64] (#cite_note-64) Both the fashion (/wiki/Fashion) industry [65] (#cite_note-65) and pop culture have accepted and even popularized the "androgynous" look, with several current celebrities being hailed as creative trendsetters. The rise of the metrosexual (/wiki/Metrosexual) in the first decade of the 2000s has also been described as a related phenomenon associated with this trend. Traditional gender stereotypes have been challenged and changed since the 1960s, which included the hippie movement (/wiki/Hippie_movement) and flower power (/wiki/Flower_power) . Artists in film such as Leonardo DiCaprio (/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio) sported the "skinny" look in the 1990s, a departure from traditional masculinity, which resulted in the fad "Leo Mania". [66] (#cite_note-66) Musical stars such as Kurt Cobain (/wiki/Kurt_Cobain) of Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) , Andre 3000 (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_3000) , and the band Placebo (/wiki/Placebo_(band)) have used clothing and makeup to popularize androgynous and genderqueer aesthetics throughout the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s. [67] (#cite_note-67) While the 1990s unrolled and fashion developed an affinity for unisex (/wiki/Unisex) clothes, there was a rise of designers who favored that look, including Helmut Lang (/wiki/Helmut_Lang_(fashion_brand)) , Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , and Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) . Men in catalogues started wearing jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) , make up (/wiki/Make_up) , visual kei (/wiki/Visual_kei) , and designer stubble. These styles have become a significant mainstream trend of the 21st century, both in the Western world and in Asia. [68] (#cite_note-68) Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_people) and Korean (/wiki/Koreans) cultures have featured the androgynous look as a positive attribute in society, as depicted in both K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) , J-pop (/wiki/J-pop) , [69] (#cite_note-69) in anime (/wiki/Anime) and manga (/wiki/Manga) , [70] (#cite_note-70) as well as the fashion industry. [71] (#cite_note-71) Symbols and iconography [ edit ] In the ancient and medieval worlds, androgynous people and/or hermaphrodites were represented in art by the caduceus (/wiki/Caduceus) , a wand of transformative power in ancient Greco-Roman mythology. The caduceus was created by Tiresias (/wiki/Tiresias) and represents his transformation into a woman by Juno (/wiki/Juno_(mythology)) in punishment for striking at mating snakes. The caduceus was later carried by Hermes (/wiki/Hermes) / Mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)) and was the basis for the astronomical symbol (/wiki/Astronomical_symbol) for the planet (/wiki/Planet) Mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(planet)) and the botanical sign for hermaphrodite. That sign is now sometimes used for transgender (/wiki/Transgender) people. Another common androgyny icon in the medieval and early modern period was the Rebis (/wiki/Rebis) , a conjoined (/wiki/Conjoined) male and female figure, often with solar and lunar motifs. Still another symbol was what is today called sun cross (/wiki/Sun_cross) , which united the cross (or saltire (/wiki/Saltire) ) symbol for male with the circle for female. [72] (#cite_note-72) This sign is now the astronomical symbol for the planet Earth (/wiki/Earth) . [73] (#cite_note-73) The caduceus Mercury symbol derived from the caduceus A rebis from 1617 "Rose and Cross" androgyne symbol Alternate "rose and cross" version See also [ edit ] List of androgynous people (/wiki/List_of_androgynous_people) List of transgender-related topics (/wiki/List_of_transgender-related_topics) Bigender (/wiki/Bigender) Epicenity (/wiki/Epicenity) Futanari (/wiki/Futanari) Gender bender (/wiki/Gender_bender) Gender dysphoria (/wiki/Gender_dysphoria) Gender neutrality (/wiki/Gender_neutrality) Gonochorism (/wiki/Gonochorism) Gynandromorphism (/wiki/Gynandromorphism) Gynomorph (/wiki/Gynomorph) Non-binary gender (/wiki/Non-binary_gender) Pangender (/wiki/Pangender) Postgenderism (/wiki/Postgenderism) Sexual orientation hypothesis (/wiki/Sexual_orientation_hypothesis) Soft butch (/wiki/Soft_butch) Third gender (/wiki/Third_gender) Transsexual (/wiki/Transsexual) True hermaphroditism (/wiki/True_hermaphroditism) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-x_1-0) Chris Park; Michael Allaby (2017). 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(http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20051113x1.html) . The Japan Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110426040059/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20051113x1.html) from the original on 26 April 2011 . Retrieved 17 December 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) William Wallace Atkinson, The Secret Doctrines of the Rosicrucians (London: L.N. Fowler & Co., 1918), 53-54. ^ (#cite_ref-73) "Solar System Symbols" (https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/680/solar-system-symbols) . Solar System Exploration: NASA Science . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211220171351/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/680/solar-system-symbols/) from the original on 20 December 2021 . Retrieved 31 December 2018 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Androgyny (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Androgyny) . 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O'Connor and Goldberg was a chain of shoe stores in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) that operated from the early 1900s through at least the 1970s. [1] (#cite_note-ad-1) [2] (#cite_note-chuckman-2) The company operated stores in several shopping districts throughout the area. [3] (#cite_note-op-3) One of the company's more noteworthy stores was in the Heyworth Building (/wiki/Heyworth_Building) in Chicago's Loop whose elaborate bronze entry was designed by architect Frederick P. Dinkelberg (/wiki/Frederick_P._Dinkelberg) . [4] (#cite_note-fpd-4) In addition, the company was a sponsor on the Chicago Cubs radio broadcasts in the 1960s. [ citation needed ] Economist Milton Friedman (/wiki/Milton_Friedman) briefly worked at one store in 1932. [5] (#cite_note-lucky-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-ad_1-0) "1916 O'Connor and Goldberg Chicago Paradise Ladies Boot Ad" (http://blog.dancestore.com/2014/08/05/1916-oconnor-and-goldberg-chicago-paradise-ladies-boots-ad/) . Vintage Shoe Archive. August 5, 2014 . Retrieved 2017-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-chuckman_2-0) "Photo: Chicago State and Adams 1960" (https://chuckmanchicagonostalgia.wordpress.com/2015/04/22/photo-chicago-state-and-adams-the-republic-building-york-ladies-wear-oconnor-and-goldberg-shoes-1960/) . Chuckman's Chicago Nostalgia. April 22, 2015 . Retrieved 2017-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-op_3-0) "Mall in Good Time" (http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/12-20-2005/Mall-in-good-time/) . Oak Park.com . December 20, 2005 . Retrieved 2017-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-fpd_4-0) Jenkins, Gregory H. (May 21, 2010). "Frederick P. Dinkelberg: O'Connor and Goldberg" (http://architectureintheloop.blogspot.com/2010/05/frederick-dinkelberg-oconnor-and.html) . Chicago Architecture in The Loop . Retrieved 2017-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-lucky_5-0) Friedman, Milton; Friedman, Rose D. (June 8, 1998). Two Lucky People: Memoirs . University of Chicago Press (/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press) . p. 34 (https://archive.org/details/twoluckypeopleme00frie/page/34) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0226264141 . O'Connor and Goldberg. This United States retail business article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O%27Connor_and_Goldberg&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6ffd65f7b4‐rqbqt Cached time: 20240714043147 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.231 seconds Real time usage: 0.294 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 490/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14109/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 682/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23489/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.161/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4175753/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 274.674 1 -total 46.30% 127.172 1 Template:Reflist 36.07% 99.086 3 Template:Cite_web 26.95% 74.016 1 Template:Citation_needed 26.46% 72.690 1 Template:US-retail-company-stub 25.72% 70.647 1 Template:Asbox 19.38% 53.245 1 Template:Fix 12.02% 33.029 2 Template:Category_handler 2.88% 7.899 1 Template:Delink 2.09% 5.751 1 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:6757157-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714043147 and revision id 1183360761. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O%27Connor_and_Goldberg&oldid=1183360761 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O%27Connor_and_Goldberg&oldid=1183360761) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Defunct companies based in Chicago (/wiki/Category:Defunct_companies_based_in_Chicago) Defunct retail companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Defunct_retail_companies_of_the_United_States) United States retail company stubs (/wiki/Category:United_States_retail_company_stubs) Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2017) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Gold finger ring with a short inscription Part of the Ashmolean collection Posie rings (sometimes spelled posy , posey or poesy rings ) are gold finger rings (/wiki/Finger_ring) with a short inscription on their surface. They were popular during the 15th through the 17th centuries in both England and France as lovers' gifts. The language used in many early posy rings was Norman French, with French, Latin and English used in later times. The quotations were often from contemporary courtship stories or chapbooks (/wiki/Chapbook) and usually inscribed on the inner surface of the ring. [1] (#cite_note-bm-1) The rings were also given to show regard or as a gift. [2] (#cite_note-2) The Ashmolean Museum (/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum) in Oxford (/wiki/Oxford) , England (/wiki/England) , has an outstanding collection. The Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London also has a good collection bequeathed by Joan Evans (/wiki/Joan_Evans_(art_historian)) . She compiled a list of more than 3000 posies for her book English Posies and Posy Rings . A gold posie ring found in Yorkshire References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-bm_1-0) "British Museum: Gold 'posy' ring" (https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/g/gold_posy_ring.aspx) . British Museum . Retrieved 23 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Posy Ring Inscriptions – Wartski" (https://wartski.com/posy-ring-messages/) . Further reading [ edit ] Evans, Joan (1931). English posies and posy rings: a catalogue with an introduction by Joan Evans . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 114. . Reprinted by Wartski (/wiki/Wartski) , London, 2012. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Posie rings (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Posie_rings) . Posie rings in the Ashmolean (https://www.flickr.com/photos/stuartyeates/54893120) Posie ring messages, Wartski, London (https://web.archive.org/web/20080611125813/http://www.wartski.com/Posy%20ring%20messages.htm) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐v4knd Cached time: 20240720172800 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.238 seconds Real time usage: 0.415 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 455/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7559/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 796/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11394/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.155/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4104710/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 381.858 1 -total 39.80% 151.975 1 Template:Commonscat 38.70% 147.768 1 Template:Sister_project 38.12% 145.555 1 Template:Side_box 37.35% 142.606 1 Template:Reflist 32.39% 123.682 2 Template:Cite_web 20.06% 76.593 1 Template:Short_description 18.80% 71.796 2 Template:If_then_show 10.67% 40.730 2 Template:Pagetype 5.56% 21.224 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1381847-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720172800 and revision id 1101024393. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Posie_ring&oldid=1101024393 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Posie_ring&oldid=1101024393) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Rings (jewellery) (/wiki/Category:Rings_(jewellery)) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐wgdt6 Cached time: 20240720062709 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.084 seconds Real time usage: 0.104 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 63/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2536/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 107/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.055/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 912846/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 88.495 1 -total 71.50% 63.275 1 Template:Container_category 65.70% 58.142 1 Template:Cmbox 28.43% 25.155 1 Template:Portal 3.72% 3.292 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.78% 1.577 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44813086-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720062709 and revision id 1088657073. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. Clothing companies disestablished in 1982 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_1982) ‎ (2 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2003 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2003) ‎ (1 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2009 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2009) ‎ (1 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2012 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2012) ‎ (1 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2015 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2015) ‎ (2 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2017 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2017) ‎ (3 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2018 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2018) ‎ (2 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2019 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2019) ‎ (4 P) Clothing companies disestablished in 2020 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_2020) ‎ (1 P) + Clothing companies disestablished in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_the_20th_century) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) Clothing companies disestablished in the 21st century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_disestablished_in_the_21st_century) ‎ (8 C) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_disestablishment&oldid=1088657073 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_disestablishment&oldid=1088657073) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies by time (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_time) Design companies by year of disestablishment (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_by_year_of_disestablishment) Manufacturing companies by year of disestablishment (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_by_year_of_disestablishment) Hidden category: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
Advertising company I Wear Your Shirt Industry Advertising (/wiki/Advertising) Founded 2008 [1] (#cite_note-Fahmy-1) Founder Jason Sadler [1] (#cite_note-Fahmy-1) Defunct May 6, 2013 ( 2013-05-06 ) Headquarters Jacksonville, Florida (/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Website Official website (http://www.iwearyourshirt.com/) I Wear Your Shirt was an American advertising (/wiki/Advertising) company that used T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) to advertise businesses. From January 1, 2009, I Wear Your Shirt allowed a company to buy a day in which Jason Sadler (/wiki/Jason_Sadler) , the founder, wore a shirt adorned with the company's logo (/wiki/Logo) . Sadler wore different shirts for every day of the year. He advertised for the companies by taking pictures and by uploading videos about the companies to Ustream (/wiki/Ustream) and YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . The company closed in 2013. History [ edit ] Founder Jason Sadler (in the back), AJ Leon (bottom row left), and Evan White (bottom row right) I Wear Your Shirt was founded by Jason Sadler of Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (/wiki/Ponte_Vedra_Beach,_Florida) in 2008. [1] (#cite_note-Fahmy-1) He began wearing shirts for companies on January 1, 2009. [2] (#cite_note-Powers-2) Sadler decided to start I Wear Your Shirt after trying to come up with "a way to make some extra money without actually 'working'". [3] (#cite_note-Tshirtmagazine-3) In 2005, [4] (#cite_note-Style-4) Sadler was inspired by The Million Dollar Homepage (/wiki/The_Million_Dollar_Homepage) to create "something ... that would hopefully be as successful and, maybe down the road, just as profitable". [5] (#cite_note-Seaman-5) He noticed that for promotional purposes, many companies gave away T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) for free. Knowing that T-shirts caught people's attention, he decided to become a " human billboard (/wiki/Human_billboard) " and "create an advertising medium through free social media tools". [5] (#cite_note-Seaman-5) After coming up with this idea, Sadler spread I Wear Your Shirt's services through his group of family and friends and through Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . [6] (#cite_note-Knoechel-6) Marketing and profits [ edit ] For every day of the year, Sadler donned the shirt of a different company for a set price. [4] (#cite_note-Style-4) On January 1, the price was $1. In 2009, the price was increased by $1 for every day after January 1, and by December 31, I Wear Your Shirt's last customer for the year would have to pay $365. At the end of 365 days, Sadler's income would be $66,795. He received an additional $18,000 in 2009 from the sale of monthly $1,500 sponsorships. After factoring in the money gained from contests and other enterprises, Sadler's total income in 2009 was $83,000. [1] (#cite_note-Fahmy-1) [5] (#cite_note-Seaman-5) Sadler also advertised the company owning the rights to his shirt by posting videos of himself wearing the company's shirt on Ustream (/wiki/Ustream) , YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) , Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) and Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , in which he discussed the companies he was promoting. [2] (#cite_note-Powers-2) [6] (#cite_note-Knoechel-6) In 2009, he had over 1,300 friends on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) and about 21,000 followers on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . [7] (#cite_note-7) For 2010, Sadler increased by twofold the cost of the shirts. He employed Evan White from Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , to wear the same shirts on the West Coast of the United States (/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States) . [1] (#cite_note-Fahmy-1) [5] (#cite_note-Seaman-5) [8] (#cite_note-Parr-8) By January 1, 2011, there were five people across the country wearing the same shirt: Jason in Jacksonville, DeAndre Upshaw in Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , Texas (/wiki/Texas) , Angela Seales in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Neal Brooks in Springfield, Missouri (/wiki/Missouri) , and Amber Plaster in Las Vegas. [9] (#cite_note-The_Team-9) According to Sadler, the company had some 1,500 clients, including Nissan (/wiki/Nissan) and Starbucks (/wiki/Starbucks) , [10] (#cite_note-Olson-10) and increased the daily price, so that it no longer matched the day of the year. [10] (#cite_note-Olson-10) I Wear Your Shirt closed on May 6, 2013. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Fahmy, Miral (2009-11-05). "Man makes living by selling the shirt on his back" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091109061855/http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE5A50JR20091106) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . Archived from the original (http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE5A50JR20091106) on 2009-11-09 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ a b Powers, Martine (2009-07-19). "Student tries to sell the 365 T-shirts on his back" (https://archive.today/20240524183927/https://www.webcitation.org/5l7ty7bRy?url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09200/984890-54.stm%3FFORM=ZZNR10) . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette) . Archived from the original (http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09200/984890-54.stm?FORM=ZZNR10) on 2024-05-24 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tshirtmagazine_3-0) Camara, Moustapha (2009-01-30). "I Wear Your Shirt – Jason Sadler: The Human Billboard" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100106000322/http://t-shirtmagazineonline.com/wear-shirt/) . T-Shirt Magazine. Archived from the original (http://t-shirtmagazineonline.com/wear-shirt/) on 2010-01-06. ^ a b "Wearing a T-shirt for profit, style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100314210026/http://jacksonville.com/news/columnists/mark_woods/2008-12-28/wearing_a_t_shirt_for_profit_style) . The Florida Times-Union (/wiki/The_Florida_Times-Union) . 2008-12-28. Archived from the original (http://jacksonville.com/news/columnists/mark_woods/2008-12-28/wearing_a_t_shirt_for_profit_style) on 2010-03-14 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ a b c d Seaman, David (2009-09-14). "Who Is Jason Sadler, and Why Should You Care?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090927075222/http://www.entrepreneur.com/marketing/publicrelations/prcolumnistdavidseaman/article203284.html) . Entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.entrepreneur.com/marketing/publicrelations/prcolumnistdavidseaman/article203284.html) on 2009-09-27 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ a b Knoechel, Jennifer (2009-01-03). "Ponte Vedra man is walking ad" (https://archive.today/20091108073041/http://www.beachesleader.com/articles/2009/01/03/ponte_vedra_leader/feature_photo/doc495bf2535681b741970513.prt) . The Leader . Archived from the original (http://www.beachesleader.com/articles/2009/01/03/ponte_vedra_leader/feature_photo/doc495bf2535681b741970513.prt) on 2009-11-08 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lawon, Brent (2009-04-21). "RBG tweaks interest with Tee and Twitter" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091027114603/http://www.thespec.com/News/Local/article/551937) . The Hamilton Spectator (/wiki/The_Hamilton_Spectator) . Archived from the original (http://www.thespec.com/News/Local/article/551937) on 2009-10-27 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-Parr_8-0) Parr, Ben (/wiki/Ben_Parr) (2009-08-12). "Social Media + Wearing Shirts = Lucrative Career?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140620055346/http://mashable.com/2009/08/12/iwearyourshirt/) . Mashable (/wiki/Mashable) . Archived from the original (http://mashable.com/2009/08/12/iwearyourshirt/) on 2014-06-20 . Retrieved 2014-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Team_9-0) "The Team" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110713070933/http://www.iwearyourshirt.com/the-team/) . I Wear Your Shirt. 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.iwearyourshirt.com/the-team/) on 2011-07-13 . Retrieved 2011-03-08 . ^ a b Olson, Elizabeth (2014-01-26). "I'll Be Your Billboard" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140705050432/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/26/jobs/ill-be-your-billboard.html?_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/26/jobs/ill-be-your-billboard.html) on 2014-07-05 . Retrieved 2014-08-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Learn More About IWearYourShirt and How I Made $1,000,000" (https://wanderingaimfully.com/iwearyourshirt/) . Wandering Aimfully . Retrieved 2020-09-11 . 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British hair stylist This article has an unclear citation style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style) . The reason given is: Other than the last Reference, all the footnotes are grouped together at the end of the paragraph, and it is unclear which references are being used for which statements. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) and footnoting (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . ( July 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Asgar Born 19 June 1955 Occupation Hair stylist Asgar (born 19 June 1955) [1] (#cite_note-1) has been a celebrity hair stylist since 1981 and regular columnist in the weekly national British newspaper Eastern Eye (/wiki/Eastern_Eye) ("Hair Care with Asgar") since 2005. [2] (#cite_note-AGMSpring2007-2) [3] (#cite_note-KZEnt-3) [4] (#cite_note-IndianWeekly-4) Asgar has done the hairstyling for covers and fashion features in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) , The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) , The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) , The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , Daily Mail (/wiki/Daily_Mail) , Asiana Magazine (/w/index.php?title=Asiana_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1) , Good Housekeeping (/wiki/Good_Housekeeping) , Asian Women (/wiki/Asian_Women) , and Asian Groom and Man (/w/index.php?title=Asian_Groom_and_Man&action=edit&redlink=1) . [2] (#cite_note-AGMSpring2007-2) [3] (#cite_note-KZEnt-3) [4] (#cite_note-IndianWeekly-4) Asgar has done work for TV, cinema, and fashion shows. Some of the celebrities Asgar has styled include: [5] (#cite_note-LimeMag-5) [6] (#cite_note-EE20July2007-6) [7] (#cite_note-AsianaAutumn2007-7) [8] (#cite_note-AsianWoman-8) [9] (#cite_note-EE1Oct2010-9) [10] (#cite_note-EE3July2011-10) [11] (#cite_note-LondonPaper-11) [12] (#cite_note-EE13April2007-12) [13] (#cite_note-Occasions-13) [14] (#cite_note-EE-Premiere-14) [ excessive citations ] Madeleine Albright (/wiki/Madeleine_Albright) Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Ben Cross (/wiki/Ben_Cross) ( Chariots of Fire (/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire) ) Karisma Kapoor (/wiki/Karisma_Kapoor) Shah Rukh Khan (/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan) Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) Akshay Kumar (/wiki/Akshay_Kumar) Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) Rekha (/wiki/Rekha) Hrithik Roshan (/wiki/Hrithik_Roshan) Twiggy (/wiki/Twiggy) According to the newspaper, Eastern Eye (/wiki/Eastern_Eye) , Asgar also styles the "Asian Rich List," including the Madhvhani (/w/index.php?title=Madhvhani&action=edit&redlink=1) family, the Jatania (/w/index.php?title=Jatania&action=edit&redlink=1) family, Lord Noon (/wiki/Lord_Noon) , and Lady Paul (/w/index.php?title=Lady_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1) . [6] (#cite_note-EE20July2007-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Asgar Saboo" (https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/hairstylist/asgar-saboo) . nettv4u.com . NetTV4u.com . Retrieved 18 July 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cutting Edge by Pablo Sat-Bhambra" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/91970973) . Asian Groom and Man, Spring 2007. ^ Jump up to: a b "Asgar Celebrity Hairdresser" (http://www.k-zentertainment.com/asgar-celebrity-hairdresser_440.htm) . KZ Entertainment, 26 April 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b "A Passion for hair" (http://issuu.com/asgar_haircare/docs/asgar_-_celebrity_stylist_-_a_passion_for_hair) . IndianWeekly, 12–18 February 1999. ^ (#cite_ref-LimeMag_5-0) "The Hair Meastro; Lime magazine talks to the UK based hair maestro who has worked his magic on scores of celebrities and dignitaries the world over" (http://www.thisislime.net/interviews/beautyandlifestyle/The_Hair_Maestro) . Lime Magazine, 1 May 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b "Crowning Glory; Celeb hairdresser Asgar's hot summer tips" (http://issuu.com/asgar_haircare/docs/crowningglory-interview_with_asgar) . Eastern Eye. Ed. Aditi Khanna, 20 July 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-AsianaAutumn2007_7-0) "Aishwarya Rai" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/81511558) . Asiana Magazine, Autumn 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-AsianWoman_8-0) "Asian Woman" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/81513603) . Asian Woman Magazine, June 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-EE1Oct2010_9-0) "Bollywood heartthrob Hrithik Roshan was all smiles as he chilled out with celebrity hairdresser and Eastern Eye columnist Asgar" (http://issuu.com/asgar_haircare/docs/ann020_01102010_iss1066) . Eastern Eye, 1 October 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-EE3July2011_10-0) "The man who has styled Aishwarya Rai and Hrithik Roshan worked his magic on Deepika Padukone's locks" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/78245356) . Eastern Eye, 3 July 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-LondonPaper_11-0) "Asgar styles Hrithik Roshan for International Indian Film Awards" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/78242504/) . The London Paper. 9 June 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-EE13April2007_12-0) "Celebrity Hairdresser Asgar speaks about Aishwarya Rai" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/81511558) . Eastern Eye, 13 April 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-Occasions_13-0) "Hair flair" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/92047116/Hair-Flair) . Occasions Magazine, 20 September 2005. ^ (#cite_ref-EE-Premiere_14-0) "Asgar styles Deepika Padukone for London Premeiere of Chandi Chowk to China" (https://www.scribd.com/doc/81517043) . Eastern Eye, 13 January 2009. 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Fragrance Museum Exterior view of Fragrance Museum Established 1709 Location Cologne (/wiki/Cologne) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) Public transit access 5 Rathaus (/wiki/Rathaus_(KVB)) Website http://www.farina.org/ (http://www.farina.org/) The Farina Fragrance Museum is situated across from Cologne City Hall (/wiki/Cologne_City_Hall) , and near the famous Wallraf-Richartz-Museum (/wiki/Wallraf-Richartz-Museum) in the Obenmarspforten in Innenstadt, Cologne (/wiki/Innenstadt,_Cologne) . Founded in 1709, John Maria Farina opposite the Jülichs Place (/wiki/Farina_gegen%C3%BCber) is the eldest fragrance factory still standing and houses the registered office since 1723. Over several floors, the museum provides a very detailed insight into the production methods of perfume throughout the various stages. The focus is primarily laid on Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) , and one will therefore discover some particular technical devices such as distillation apparatus (/wiki/Distillation_apparatus) which were once used. In addition to the equipment, one will also be able to witness the evolution thanks to various pictures and documents which help trace back history. Moreover, as copyright didn't exist in those days, a great deal of imitations and forgeries of Eau de Cologne rapidly appeared on the market and a certain number of them are also presented in the museum. Further details as to the changes in the manufacturing of Farina Eau de Cologne are also on display. On 25 November 2006, in commemoration of John Maria Farina's 240th death anniversary, the Farina House was elected “place to be” within the context of the project “Germany Land to be”. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) See also [ edit ] List of museums in Cologne (/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Cologne) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Auszeichnung "Ort des Tages" in der Wettbewerbsreihe (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011628/http://www.land-der-ideen.de/CDA/ort_des_tages,1987,1,,de.html?action=detail&id=508) Deutschland Land der Ideen , auf land-der-ideen.de, accessed 13 May 2007" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011628/http://www.land-der-ideen.de/CDA/ort_des_tages,1987,1,,de.html?action=detail&id=508) . Archived from the original (http://www.land-der-ideen.de/CDA/ort_des_tages,1987,1,,de.html?action=detail&id=508) on 27 September 2007 . Retrieved 11 June 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kölns Duftmuseum im Projekt des Bundespräsident geehrt, Presseartikel auf koeln.de, accessed 13 May 2007 (http://www.koeln.de/artikel/Koeln/Bundespraesident-ehrt-Koelns-Duftmuseum-32087-1.html) Archived (https://archive.today/20120527003828/http://www.koeln.de/artikel/Koeln/Bundespraesident-ehrt-Koelns-Duftmuseum-32087-1.html) 27 May 2012 at archive.today (/wiki/Archive.today) External links [ edit ] Website Fragrance Museum Farina-House in Cologne (http://www.farinahaus.de) Video Fragrance Museum in Cologne (https://web.archive.org/web/20110708155938/http://cms.cityguide.com/detail.jsp?itemId=80304230219774020&lang=de&cty=DEUTSCHLAND&feed=pub&view=list) In the museum cellars Glass cases; Desks from 1723; museum cellars v t e Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Overview History (/wiki/History_of_perfume) List of perfumes (/wiki/List_of_perfumes) Types Solid perfume (/wiki/Solid_perfume) Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) Eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) Essential oils (/wiki/List_of_essential_oils) Pomander (/wiki/Pomander) Chypre (/wiki/Chypre) Fougère (/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re) Ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Plant sources (/wiki/Perfume#Plant_sources) including Herbal distillates (/wiki/Herbal_distillate) Animal sources (/wiki/Perfume#Animal_sources) Synthetic (/wiki/Aroma_compound) Science Aromachology (/wiki/Aromachology) Fragrance wheel (/wiki/Fragrance_wheel) Fragrance extraction (/wiki/Fragrance_extraction) Note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Scentography (/wiki/Scentography) Professions Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Organizations Fragrance Museum Fragrances of the World (/wiki/Fragrances_of_the_World) International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) Osmothèque (/wiki/Osmoth%C3%A8que) Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) Théâtre-Musée des Capucines (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Mus%C3%A9e_des_Capucines) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) People Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Ernest Daltroff (/wiki/Ernest_Daltroff) Michael Edwards (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(fragrance_expert)) Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) Jacques Guerlain (/wiki/Jacques_Guerlain) Adolph Goetting (/wiki/Adolph_Goetting) David H. McConnell (/wiki/David_H._McConnell) Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) Companies Avon Products (/wiki/Avon_Products) Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Frutarom (/wiki/Frutarom) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) Mane SA (/wiki/Mane_SA) Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group (/wiki/Sensient_Technologies) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) T. 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A cardinal cloak in the collection of the Costume Institute at The Met (/wiki/Costume_Institute_at_The_Met) A cardinal cloak is a style of women's cloak (/wiki/Cloak) that was popular in the last third of the eighteenth century. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Description [ edit ] The cardinal cloak was made out of wool (/wiki/Wool) and featured a hood. The wool was typically so dense that the edge of the cloak could be left raw without fraying. The hood was often gathered so as not to crush the wearer's hairstyle. [2] (#cite_note-2) The gathered hood of a cardinal cloak. The exact definition of the garment is uncertain because fashion terms of the day did not always have a fixed meaning. For example, the cardinal cloak is said to have taken its name from its cardinal red color (/wiki/Cardinal_(color)) but a 1762 runaway advertisement in the Pennsylvania Gazette (/wiki/Pennsylvania_Gazette) mentioned a black silk cardinal cloak. [3] (#cite_note-3) The cardinal cloak is said to have been a variation on a capuchin, or monk's habit. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) History [ edit ] In eighteenth-century England (/wiki/England) , cardinal cloaks along with straw hats (/wiki/Straw_hat) and pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) were associated with the country lifestyle of the nascent landed gentry (/wiki/Landed_gentry) class. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) They subsequently became popular with women in colonial America (/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies) . Following the rise of industrialization (/wiki/Industrial_Revolution) , the cloaks could be mass-produced. American (/wiki/United_States) women often imported these ready-made garments from England. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The cardinal cloak appears frequently in European (/wiki/Europe) and American historical accounts from roughly 1740 to 1840. In the last few decades of this time span, the cloak is mostly worn by older women. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Cape \| European or American \| The Met" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/86892) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved 2020-10-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Irma G. Bowen Historic Clothing Collection (2019-03-15). "Woman's red wool cloak, c. 1750-1800, front view" (https://scholars.unh.edu/bowen_collection/800) . Irma G. Bowen Historic Clothing Collection . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Short Cloaks" (https://people.csail.mit.edu/sfelshin/revwar/short-cloaks/) . people.csail.mit.edu . Retrieved 2020-10-25 . ^ a b McConnon, Rhonda. "Cloaks, Mantles & Mitts" (http://www.18cnewenglandlife.org/cloaks.htm) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160919221527/http://www.18cnewenglandlife.org/cloaks.htm) from the original on September 19, 2016. External links [ edit ] Media related to Cardinal cloaks (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cardinal_cloaks) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐ctvl2 Cached time: 20240719092657 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.157 seconds Real time usage: 0.491 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 333/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6568/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 218/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.083/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2977494/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 181.020 1 -total 70.57% 127.748 1 Template:Reflist 55.13% 99.793 3 Template:Cite_web 29.39% 53.196 1 Template:Commonscatinline 27.90% 50.511 1 Template:Sister-inline 3.78% 6.848 1 Template:Cite_journal 3.26% 5.894 1 Template:If_empty 0.88% 1.594 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65675681-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719092657 and revision id 1177357174. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cardinal_cloak&oldid=1177357174 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cardinal_cloak&oldid=1177357174) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) Hidden category: Commons category link is locally defined (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined)
Black and white scarf A woman wearing the Palestinian fishnet-style keffiyeh in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris) , 2010 The Palestinian keffiyeh ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : كوفية , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) : kūfiyya ) is a distinctly patterned black-and-white keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) . Since the beginning of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict (/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict) , it has become a prominent symbol of Palestinian nationalism (/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism) , dating back to the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine (/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine) . Outside of the Middle East and North Africa (/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa) , the keffiyeh first gained popularity among pro-Palestinian activists; it is widely considered to be an icon of solidarity with the Palestinians (/wiki/Palestinians) in their fight against Israel (/wiki/Israel) . History Palestinian political leader Yasser Arafat (/wiki/Yasser_Arafat) in his iconic fishnet-style black-and-white keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) , 1974 Ottoman and British period Traditionally worn by Palestinian farmers, during the Ottoman period the keffiyeh signalled that the wearer was rural, in contrast to the tarboosh (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) worn by the urban classes. [1] (#cite_note-RoseberryO'Brien2021-1) Early Jewish migrants to Mandatory Palestine (/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) adopted the keffiyeh because they saw it as part of the authentic local lifestyle. [2] (#cite_note-2) 1936–1939 revolt by Palestine's Arab populace The black and white keffiyeh worn by Palestinian men of any rank, became a symbol of Palestinian nationalism during the Arab Revolt (/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine) of the 1930s. [3] (#cite_note-nytstyle-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) This reached a peak in 1938, when the leadership of the revolt ordered that the urban classes replace their traditional tarbush (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) hats with the keffiyeh. The move was intended to create unity, as well as allow the rebels to blend in when they entered the cities. [5] (#cite_note-5) Israeli–Palestinian conflict Its prominence increased during the 1960s with the beginning of the Palestinian resistance movement and its adoption by Palestinian politician Yasser Arafat (/wiki/Yasser_Arafat) . [3] (#cite_note-nytstyle-3) The black-and-white fishnet pattern keffiyeh would later become Arafat's symbol and he would rarely be seen without it; only occasionally would he wear a military cap, or, in colder climates, a Russian (/wiki/Russia) -style ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) hat. Arafat would wear his keffiyeh in a semi-traditional way, wrapped around his head via an agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) . He also wore a similarly patterned piece of cloth in the neckline (/wiki/Neckline) of his military fatigues (/wiki/Battledress) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Early on, he had made it his personal trademark to drape the scarf over his right shoulder only, arranging it in the rough shape of a triangle (/wiki/Triangle) , to resemble the outlines of the territory claimed by Palestine (/wiki/State_of_Palestine) . This way of wearing the keffiyeh became a symbol of Arafat as a person and political leader, and it has not been imitated by other Palestinian leaders. [8] (#cite_note-8) Another Palestinian figure associated with the keffiyeh is Leila Khaled (/wiki/Leila_Khaled) , a member of the armed wing of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) . Several photographs of Khaled circulated in the Western newspapers after the hijacking of TWA Flight 840 (/wiki/TWA_Flight_840_(1969)) and the Dawson's Field hijackings (/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings) . These photos often included Khaled wearing a keffiyeh in the style of a Muslim woman's hijab (/wiki/Hijab) , wrapped around the head and shoulders. The most famous of these images is a photograph taken by Pulitzer Prize winner Eddie Adams (/wiki/Eddie_Adams_(photographer)) . The photographs brought publicity to the hijackings and rendered Khaled an iconic status within the broader Palestinian liberation movement as well as within leftist movements globally. This was unusual, as the keffiyeh is associated with Arab masculinity, and many believe this to be something of a fashion statement (/wiki/Fashion_statement) by Khaled, denoting her equality with men in the Palestinian resistance. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) The colors of the stitching in a keffiyeh are also vaguely associated with Palestinians' political sympathies. Traditional black and white keffiyehs became associated with Fatah (/wiki/Fatah) . Later, red and white keffiyehs were adopted by Palestinian Marxists, such as the PFLP (/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Popularity with pro-Palestinian activists The wearing of the keffiyeh often comes with criticism from various political factions in the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict (/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict) . The slang "keffiyeh kinderlach" refers to young left-wing American Jews (/wiki/American_Jews) , particularly college students, who sport a keffiyeh around the neck as a political/fashion statement. This term may have first appeared in print in an article by Bradley Burston (/wiki/Bradley_Burston) in which he writes of "the suburban-exile kaffiyeh kinderlach of Berkeley, more Palestinian by far than the Palestinians" in their criticism of Israel. European activists have also worn the keffiyeh . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) While Western protesters wear differing styles and shades of keffiyeh , the most prominent is the black-and-white keffiyeh . This is typically worn around the neck like a neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) , simply knotted in the front with the fabric allowed to drape over the back. Other popular styles include rectangular-shaped scarves with the basic black-and-white pattern in the body, with the ends knitted in the form of the Palestinian flag (/wiki/Palestinian_flag) . Since the Al-Aqsa Intifada (/wiki/Second_Intifada) , these rectangular scarves have increasingly appeared with a combination of the Palestinian flag and Al-Aqsa (/wiki/Al-Aqsa) printed on the ends of the fabric. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2006, the prime minister (/wiki/Prime_minister) of Spain (/wiki/Spain) , José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero) gave a speech in which he criticized Israel harshly, then accepted a keffiyeh from members of the audience and had his photo taken wearing it. [15] (#cite_note-nyt2006-07-20-15) The keffiyeh print has been many times used in fashion by brands such as Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , ASOS (/wiki/ASOS_(retailer)) , Cecilie Copenhagen (/w/index.php?title=Cecilie_Copenhagen&action=edit&redlink=1) , Boohoo (/w/index.php?title=Boohoo_(retailer)&action=edit&redlink=1) or the Israeli brand Dodo Bar Or (/w/index.php?title=Dodo_Bar_Or&action=edit&redlink=1) , bringing controversy and debates about cultural appropriation (/wiki/Cultural_appropriation) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2007, the American clothing store chain Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) stopped selling keffiyehs after a user on the Jewish blog "Jewschool" criticized the retailer for labelling the item as an “anti-war woven scarf”. [3] (#cite_note-nytstyle-3) The action led to the retailer withdrawing the product. [3] (#cite_note-nytstyle-3) Music Now these dogs are starting to wear it as a trend No matter how they design it, no matter how they change its colour The keffiyeh is Arab (/wiki/Arab) , and it will stay Arab The scarf, they want it Our intellect, they want it Our dignity, they want it Everything that's ours, they want it We won't be silent, we won't allow it It suits them to steal something that ain't theirs and claim that it is. Shadia Mansour (/wiki/Shadia_Mansour) , "al-Kūfīyah 'Arabīyah" British-Palestinian hip-hop rapper Shadia Mansour (/wiki/Shadia_Mansour) denounced cultural appropriation (/wiki/Cultural_appropriation) of the keffiyeh , defending it as a symbol of Palestinian solidarity, in her first single, " al-Kūfīyah 'Arabīyah " ("The keffiyeh is Arab"). She performs wearing a traditional Palestinian thawb (/wiki/Thawb) and proclaims in her song: "This is how we wear the keffiyeh /The Arab keffiyeh " and "I'm like the keffiyeh /However you rock me/Wherever you leave me/I stay true to my origins/Palestinian." On-stage in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , she introduced the song by saying, "You can take my falafel (/wiki/Falafel) and hummus (/wiki/Hummus) , but don't fucking touch my keffiyeh ." [17] (#cite_note-pppsm-17) Criminalisation During the Israel–Hamas war protests (/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protests) , it has been reported that activists in France and Germany were cautioned, fined or detained because they were wearing the keffiyeh. Germany's Süddeutsche Zeitung (/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung) newspaper called the keffiyeh das Problemtuch ( ' the problem cloth ' ) and suggested German pro-Palestinian protesters wear a Nazi uniform instead. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) In November 2023, three Palestinian students in the United States were shot (/wiki/2023_shooting_of_Palestinian_students_in_Burlington,_Vermont) because they were wearing the keffiyeh. [21] (#cite_note-21) Australia In the Victorian Parliament (/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria) , Greens (/wiki/Australian_Greens) MP Gabrielle De Vietri (/wiki/Gabrielle_de_Vietri) , had been wearing a keffiyeh for months until Deputy Leader of the Opposition (/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Victoria)) David Southwick (/wiki/David_Southwick) demanded that she remove her keffiyeh after an interruption to parliament proceedings by pro-Palestinian protestors, declaring that he took offence to the "political statement she is trying to make wearing that keffiyeh in the chamber". De Vietri refused and was asked to leave the chamber. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) The keffiyeh is now effectively banned in the Victorian Parliament. [24] (#cite_note-24) Canada Ted Arnott (/wiki/Ted_Arnott) , Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario (/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario) , banned the wearing of the keffiyeh in the assembly due to viewing it as an "overt political statement". [25] (#cite_note-25) Four activists from the York Centre 4 Palestine, that unfurled keffiyehs inside Ontario's legislature in late April, were kicked out and banned from Queen's Park. Sarah Jama (/wiki/Sarah_Jama) , an independent assembly member, donned the keffiyeh and was ordered out of the chamber by the Speaker. She refused to leave and remained in the chamber. Arnott later said he was not prepared to use physical force to remove Jama. Jama has said the ban is racist and has vowed to continue wearing the keffiyeh inside the chamber. [26] (#cite_note-26) Symbolism The patterns on the Palestinian keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) symbolize various themes: Olive leaves: Strength, resilience, perseverance. Fishnet: Connection between Palestinian sailors and the Mediterranean Sea (/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea) . Bold lines: Trade routes going through Palestine (/wiki/Palestine_(region)) , including the Silk Road (/wiki/Silk_Road) . [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Production A loom (/wiki/Loom) at work making a Palestinian keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) at the Hirbawi factory in Hebron (/wiki/Hebron) , 2015 Today, [ when? ] Palestinian keffiyehs are now largely imported from China (/wiki/China) . With the scarf's growing popularity in the 2000s, Chinese manufacturers entered the market, driving Palestinians (/wiki/Palestinians) out of the business. [29] (#cite_note-China-29) For five decades, Yasser Hirbawi had been the only Palestinian manufacturer of keffiyehs , making them across 16 looms (/wiki/Loom) at the Hirbawi Textile Factory in Hebron (/wiki/Hebron) . In 1990, all 16 of the looms were functioning, making around 750 keffiyehs per day. By 2010, only 2 looms were used, making a 300 keffiyehs per week. Unlike the Chinese-manufactured ones, Hirbawi uses cotton only. Hirbawi's son Izzat stated the importance of creating the Palestinian symbol in Palestine: "the keffiyeh is a tradition of Palestine and it should be made in Palestine. We should be the ones making it." [30] (#cite_note-30) After the 2023 Gaza war (/wiki/Gaza_War_(2023-present)) demand has doubled – it could not be met because Hirbawi has a monthly production of 5,000. [19] (#cite_note-:0-19) See also Palestinian culture (/wiki/Palestinian_culture) List of Palestinian national symbols (/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_Palestine) References ^ (#cite_ref-RoseberryO'Brien2021_1-0) William Roseberry; Jay O'Brien (8 January 2021). Golden Ages, Dark Ages: Imagining the Past in Anthropology and History . Univ of California Press (/wiki/Univ_of_California_Press) . pp. 170–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-520-32744-3 . While the kufiya signified social inferiority (and rural backwardness), the tarbush signaled superiority (and urbane sophistication). ^ (#cite_ref-2) Langer, Armin (5 December 2023). "How the keffiyeh – a practical garment used for protection against the desert sun – became a symbol of Palestinian identity" (https://archive.today/20240403211820/https://news.ufl.edu/2023/12/conversation-keffiyeh-palestinian-identity/) . University of Florida (/wiki/University_of_Florida) . Archived from the original (https://news.ufl.edu/2023/12/conversation-keffiyeh-palestinian-identity/) on 3 April 2024. ^ a b c d Kim, Kibum (2 November 2007). "Where Some See Fashion, Others See Politics" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/fashion/shows/11KAFFIYEH.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210512084350/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/fashion/shows/11KAFFIYEH.html) from the original on 12 May 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Torstrick, Rebecca (2004). Culture and Customs of Israel . Greenwood (/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group) . p. 117. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-32091-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ted Swedenburg (8 January 2021). "Popular Memory and the Palestinian National Past" (https://books.google.com/books?id=1K_oDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170) . In William Roseberry and Jay O'Brien (ed.). Golden Ages, Dark Ages: Imagining the Past in Anthropology and History . University of California Press (/wiki/University_of_California_Press) . pp. 170–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-520-32744-3 . In August 1938, at the height of the insurgency, the rebel leadership commanded all townsmen to discard the tarbush and don the kufiya. The order was issued to help the rebels blend in when they entered the cities, but it was also a move in the wider social struggle... Official colonial sources, which noted that the fashion spread with "lightning rapidity," saw this more as the result of a conspiracy than as a manifestation of the spirit of unity (Palestine Post, 2 September 1938). Once the rebellion ended, the effendis of the town reassumed the tarnish, owing in part to British pressure (Morton 1957:98-100). ^ (#cite_ref-6) Renfro, Evan (2018). "Stitched together, torn apart: The keffiyeh as cultural guide" (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1367877917713266) . International Journal of Cultural Studies (/wiki/International_Journal_of_Cultural_Studies) . 21 (6): 571–586. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/1367877917713266 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1367877917713266) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1367-8779 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1367-8779) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Shirazi-Mahajan, Faegheh (1993). "The politics of clothing in the middle east: The case of Hijab in post-revolution Iran" (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10669929308720032) . Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies . 2 (2): 54–63. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/10669929308720032 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10669929308720032) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1066-9922 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1066-9922) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Zulaihah, Sitti (23 December 2023). "Keffiyeh trend on social media as a form of solidarity for Palestine" (https://journal.c-dics.com/index.php/dtcs/article/view/27) . Digital Theory, Culture & Society (/w/index.php?title=Digital_Theory,_Culture_%26_Society&action=edit&redlink=1) . 1 (2): 135–144. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.61126/dtcs.v1i2.27 (https://doi.org/10.61126%2Fdtcs.v1i2.27) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 3031-707X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/3031-707X) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bakr, Sarah W. Abu (1 March 2016). "A Stranger in the Gallery: Conceptions of the Body Through Art and Theory" (https://www.invisibleculturejournal.com/pub/a-stranger-in-the-gallery/release/1) . InVisible Culture (24). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.47761/494a02f6.e4f732fc (https://doi.org/10.47761%2F494a02f6.e4f732fc) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Crone, Christine; Windfeld, Frederik Carl; Warrington, Anna (8 August 2023). "Seeing the future through a rear-view mirror: On the politics of revitalizing secular bio-icons in the Middle East" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13629395.2022.2028495) . Mediterranean Politics . 28 (4): 639–661. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/13629395.2022.2028495 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13629395.2022.2028495) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1362-9395 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1362-9395) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Binur, Yoram (1990). My Enemy, My Self . Penguin. p. xv. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Tipton, Frank B. (2003). A History of Modern Germany Since 1815 . Continuum International Publishing Group (/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group) . p. 598. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8264-4910-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe . Routledge (/wiki/Routledge) . p. 34 (https://archive.org/details/racistextremismc00mudd/page/n49) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-415-35594-X . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Gandolfo, K. Luisa (1 January 2010). "Representations of Conflict" (https://read.dukeupress.edu/radical-history-review/article/2010/106/47/22194/Representations-of-ConflictImages-of-War) . Radical History Review (/wiki/Radical_History_Review) . 2010 (106): 47–69. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1215/01636545-2009-020 (https://doi.org/10.1215%2F01636545-2009-020) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0163-6545 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0163-6545) . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt2006-07-20_15-0) "Spanish minister objects - Says criticism of Israel is not anti-Semitic" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/20/world/europe/20iht-spain.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 20 July 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Bramley, Ellie Violet (9 August 2019). "The keffiyeh: symbol of Palestinian struggle falls victim to fashion" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/aug/09/the-keffiyeh-symbol-of-palestinian-struggle-falls-victim-to-fashion) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210524122513/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/aug/09/the-keffiyeh-symbol-of-palestinian-struggle-falls-victim-to-fashion) from the original on 24 May 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-pppsm_17-0) Andersen, Janne Louise (4 September 2011). "The Passion, Politics and Power of Shadia Mansour" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182124/http://www.rollingstoneme.com/music/the-passion-politics-and-power-of-shadia-mansour) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . Archived from the original (http://www.rollingstoneme.com/music/the-passion-politics-and-power-of-shadia-mansour) on 1 February 2014 . Retrieved 15 February 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Richter, Peter (12 December 2023), "Das Problemtuch" (https://www.sueddeutsche.de/projekte/artikel/kultur/palaestinensertuch-kufiya-problemtuch-deutschland-e091383/?reduced=true) , Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German) ^ a b Alkousaa, Riham; Foroudi, Layli (15 December 2023). "Palestinian keffiyeh scarves - a controversial symbol of solidarity" (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/palestinian-keffiyeh-scarves-controversial-symbol-solidarity-2023-12-14/) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Germany: Police admit people detained under 'protest ban' just looked Palestinian" (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/germany-police-admit-protest-ban-people-detained-looked-palestinian) . Middle East Eye . Retrieved 2 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Sainato, Michael (26 November 2023). "Three Palestinian students shot and wounded in Vermont, police say" (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/nov/26/palestinian-students-shot-wounded-vermont) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Roulston, Amy (7 May 2024). "Chaos at Vic parliament as protesters breach security during budget delivery" (https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/chaos-erupts-inside-vic-parliament-as-protesters-breach-security-interrupting-budget-delivery-and-sparking-heated-confrontation-between-politicians/news-story/51f1e47997aee7911f657dc33a0e6536) . Sky News (/wiki/Sky_News) . Retrieved 7 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Roulston, Amy (15 May 2024). "Victorian politicians banned from wearing keffiyeh on state parliament floor" (https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/victorian-politicians-banned-from-wearing-keffiyeh-on-parliament-floor-amid-ongoing-debate-over-divisive-political-stunts/news-story/8bc1bef93cbc4071f6239ee89a41ea32) . skynews . Retrieved 20 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Victorian parliament deems keffiyeh 'political' as it bans MPS from wearing it \| Victorian politics \| the Guardian" (https://amp.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/may/15/victorian-parliament-bans-mps-wearing-keffiyeh) . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Draaisma, Muriel (17 April 2024). "Ontario Legislature keffiyeh ban remains in place" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-legislative-assembly-bans-keffiyehs-1.7176965) . CBC (/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Casey, Liam (1 May 2024). "Keffiyeh-waving protesters banned from Ontario legislature" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/keffiyeh-protesters-banned-queens-park-1.7191124) . CBC . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Ajlouni, Eman (25 October 2023). "The Palestinian Keffiyeh and The Jordanian Shemagh" (https://www.arabamerica.com/the-palestinian-keffiyeh-and-the-jordanian-shemagh/) . Arab America . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "The Significance of the Keffiyeh" (https://kuvrd.ca/blogs/blog/the-significance-of-the-keffiyeh) . KUVRD . 12 May 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-China_29-0) Sonja Sharp (22 June 2009). "Your Intifada: Now Made in China!" (http://motherjones.com/riff/2009/06/your-intifada-made-china) . Mother Jones (/wiki/Mother_Jones) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "The Last Keffiyeh Factory In Palestine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024717/http://www.palestinemonitor.org/spip/spip.php?article1461%2F) . Palestine Monitor (/wiki/Palestine_Monitor) . 24 June 2010. 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Essex Leila Hilary Eyres-Monsell, Viscountess Monsell (formerly Drury , née French ; 26 September 1907 – March 1996) was an English socialite. She and her sister Valerie Violet French (/wiki/Valerie_Violet_French) were known as the " French sisters " and included in The Book of Beauty by Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) . [1] (#cite_note-Beaton-1) Biography [ edit ] Essex Leila Hilary French was born on 26 September 1907, at Dundee, Natal, South Africa, the first daughter of English cricketer Lt Col the Hon Edward Gerald Fleming French (/wiki/Edward_Gerald_Fleming_French) DSO, Deputy Governor of Dartmoor Prison and Governor of Newcastle Prison (1883-1970) and Leila Elizabeth Fyfe King (d. 1959), daughter of Robert King, of Natal, South Africa. [2] (#cite_note-Townend-2) [3] (#cite_note-cracroftspeerage-3) Her grandfather was Field Marshal John French, 1st Earl of Ypres (/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres) (1852-1925), Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)) in World War I. [4] (#cite_note-Fenwick-4) In the 1920s, Essex French attended St James's School (/wiki/St_James%27s_School) , a contemporary of Joan Leigh Fermor (/wiki/Joan_Leigh_Fermor) , who detested her. [4] (#cite_note-Fenwick-4) On 30 July 1929 Essex Leila Hilary French married Captain Vyvyan Dru Drury, of Castle Kevin, Annamoe, co. Wicklow, son of Francis Saxham Elwes Drury. Their daughter Romayne Drury (b. 1930) married Vittorio Giorgini (/w/index.php?title=Vittorio_Giorgini&action=edit&redlink=1) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Essex French and Vyvyan Drury divorced in 1936. [3] (#cite_note-cracroftspeerage-3) [2] (#cite_note-Townend-2) In 1933 she was included, together with her sister, in The Book of Beauty by Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) : "'Sugar and spice and all that's nice' - that’s what the French sisters are made of. [...] Essex, pink and white, with raven hair, as silky as a spaniel’s, and fear-like periwinkle eyes, is the most graceful in movement. [...] They are an unmodern pair of sisters, of a picture-calendar loveliness, a triumph of the chocolate box: it is easy to look interesting, and so difficult to be triumphantly pretty. They are very English, and when for a time, in chintz aprons, they sold flowers in Nellie Taylor’s olde worlde shoppe, every young man entering to buy a gardenia or a bunch of mignonette thought himself suddenly transported to the celestial regions, to a heaven designed in all its wholehearted prettiness by Maud Goodman (/wiki/Maude_Goodman) ." [1] (#cite_note-Beaton-1) On 25 July 1950 she married Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell (/wiki/Bolton_Eyres-Monsell,_1st_Viscount_Monsell) . [3] (#cite_note-cracroftspeerage-3) [2] (#cite_note-Townend-2) She died in March 1996 at her home 78 Whitehall Court, London. [2] (#cite_note-Townend-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b Beaton, Cecil (1933). The Book Of Beauty . Retrieved 19 January 2018 . ^ a b c d Townend, Peter. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 105th edition. London, U.K.: Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1970 ^ a b c "Ypres, Earl of (UK, 1922 - 1988)" (http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/ypres1922.htm) . cracroftspeerage . Retrieved 21 January 2018 . ^ a b Fenwick, Simon (2017). Joan: Beauty, Rebel, Muse: The Remarkable Life of Joan Leigh Fermor . Pan Macmillan. p. 31. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781509848706 . Retrieved 21 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Romayne Giorgini (née Drury) (1930-), Wife of Vittorio Giorgini; daughter of Vyvyan Dru Drury and Essex Leila Hilary Drury (née French)" (https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp101490/romayne-giorgini-ne-drury) . npg.org.uk . Retrieved 21 January 2018 . 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For thesouk of the medina of Sfax, see Souk Es Sabbaghine (Sfax) (/wiki/Souk_Es_Sabbaghine_(Sfax)) . Es Sabbaghine, location of the souk in 1940. Souk Es Sabbaghine (English: Dyers market) is one of the souks (/wiki/Souks_of_Tunis) of the medina of Tunis (/wiki/Medina_of_Tunis) . Location [ edit ] Metallic sign indicating Souk Es Sabbaghine. The souk is situated at the outskirts of the medina, far from the center where the Al-Zaytuna Mosque (/wiki/Al-Zaytuna_Mosque) is situated, since dyeing (/wiki/Dyeing) is considered a polluting activity. The souk is a continuation of Souk El Blat (/wiki/Souk_El_Blat) and may also be accessed from Bab El Jazira (/wiki/Bab_El_Jazira) . History [ edit ] The name of Souk Es Sabbaghine , or Souk of Dyers, is due to its original function as the souk of wool (/wiki/Wool) , cotton and silk dyeing [1] (#cite_note-1) which is situated next to a previously existing fountain. The souk in 1939 Two Italian doctors constructed a dispensary (/wiki/Dispensary) at this souk in 1887 called Infermeria Santa Margherita [2] (#cite_note-2) which supported the poor from Italian (/wiki/Italian_Tunisians) and Maltese communities. Products [ edit ] Products sold at the souk include clothing, shoes as well as fish and meat. Monuments [ edit ] Harmel Mosque (/wiki/Harmel_Mosque) , also known as Bab Al Jazira Mosque is located in souk Es Sabbaghine. Commemorative sign of the Harmel Mosque (/wiki/Harmel_Mosque) Entrance of the mosque Inscription at the entrance Minaret of the mosque El Jedid Mosque (/wiki/El_Jedid_Mosque) is situated in the center of the souk. Commemorative sign of the mosque Main entrance of the mosque Minaret of the mosque Commemorative sign of the madrasa Entrance of the madrasa Notes and references [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sebag, Paul (1998). Tunis, histoire d'une ville (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 366–367. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Historique de l'hôpital" (http://www.hopital-h-thameur.rns.tn//index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=36&Itemid=67) . hopital-h-thameur.rns.tn (in French) . Retrieved 10 January 2016 . v t e Souks of Tunis (/wiki/Souks_of_Tunis) Souk Al Asr (/wiki/Souk_Al_Asr) Souk de la Commission (/wiki/Souk_de_la_Commission) Souk Ech-Chaouachine (/wiki/Souk_Ech-Chaouachine) Souk Edabaghine (/wiki/Souk_Edabaghine) Souk El Attarine (/wiki/Souk_El_Attarine) Souk El Azzafine (/wiki/Souk_El_Azzafine) Souk El Bechmak (/wiki/Souk_El_Bechmak) Souk El Beransia (/wiki/Souk_El_Beransia) Souk El Berka (/wiki/Souk_El_Berka) Souk El Bey (/wiki/Souk_El_Bey) Souk El Blaghgia (/wiki/Souk_El_Blaghgia) Souk El Blat (/wiki/Souk_El_Blat) Souk El Dziria (/wiki/Souk_El_Dziria) Souk El Fekka (/wiki/Souk_El_Fekka) Souk El Ghrabliyya (/wiki/Souk_El_Ghrabliyya) Souk El Ghraiyer (/wiki/Souk_El_Ghraiyer) Souk El Grana (/wiki/Souk_El_Grana) Souk El Haddadine (/wiki/Souk_El_Haddadine) Souk El Jedid (/wiki/Souk_El_Jedid) Souk El Kachachine (/wiki/Souk_El_Kachachine) Souk El Kebabjia (/wiki/Souk_El_Kebabjia) Souk El Kmach (/wiki/Souk_El_Kmach) Souk El Kouafi (/wiki/Souk_El_Kouafi) Souk El Koutbiya (/wiki/Souk_El_Koutbiya) Souk El Leffa (/wiki/Souk_El_Leffa) Souk El Marr (/wiki/Souk_El_Marr) Souk El Nissa (/wiki/Souk_El_Nissa) Souk El Ouzar (/wiki/Souk_El_Ouzar) Souk El Sagha (/wiki/Souk_El_Sagha) Souk El Souf (/wiki/Souk_El_Souf) Souk El Trouk (/wiki/Souk_El_Trouk) Souk En Nhas (/wiki/Souk_En_Nhas) Souk Erbaa (/wiki/Souk_Erbaa_(Tunis)) Souk Es Sabbaghine Souk Es Sabbaghine El Saghir (/wiki/Souk_Es_Sabbaghine_El_Saghir) Souk Es Sekajine (/wiki/Souk_Es_Sekajine) Souk Sidi Boumendil (/wiki/Souk_Sidi_Boumendil) Souk Sidi Mahrez (/wiki/Souk_Sidi_Mahrez) Souk Sidi Sridek (/wiki/Souk_Sidi_Sridek) Souk Es Sarragine (/wiki/Souk_Es_Sarragine) WikiProject Tunisia (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Tunisia) Africa portal (/wiki/Portal:Africa) WikiMiniAtlas 36°47′38″N 10°10′30″E / 36.7938°N 10.1751°E / 36.7938; 10.1751 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐x599h Cached time: 20240712192003 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.358 seconds Real time usage: 0.608 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 412/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13366/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 298/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29902/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3552646/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 453.380 1 -total 28.24% 128.022 1 Template:Reflist 23.02% 104.371 1 Template:Souks_of_Tunis 22.45% 101.775 1 Template:Cite_book 22.39% 101.521 1 Template:Navbox 9.94% 45.056 1 Template:For 9.06% 41.095 1 Template:Coord 6.29% 28.505 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 4.94% 22.407 1 Template:Portal 3.41% 15.476 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49140280-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712192003 and revision id 996834418. 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Dress made of flags of nations where same-sex relations are illegal Amsterdam Rainbow Dress The dress in Madrid in 2018 The dress in the Netherlands in 2017 The Amsterdam Rainbow Dress is a dress made of more than 70 flags of nations where same-sex relations are illegal (/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory) , [1] (#cite_note-gaystarnews-1) commemorating LGBT (/wiki/LGBT) + victims of persecution. The dress has a diameter of 52 feet and has been displayed in San Francisco, [2] (#cite_note-abc7news-2) [3] (#cite_note-abc11-3) Cape Town, [4] (#cite_note-dailymaverick-4) and Ottawa, [5] (#cite_note-ottawacitizen-5) among other cities. Icesis Couture (/wiki/Icesis_Couture) and Lola Rodríguez (/wiki/Lola_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(actress)) have modeled the dress. List of flags [ edit ] The Amsterdam Rainbow Dress in its current form consists of 68 national flags, 4 Amsterdam city flags, and 9 rainbow flags which represents countries whose flag has been formerly represented in this dress but have since adopted LGBTQIA+ legislation. [6] (#cite_note-List_of_countries_in_the_Amsterdam_Rainbow_Dress_Foundation-6) Row 1 [ edit ] Rainbow flag (/wiki/Rainbow_flag_(LGBT)) (Formerly Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) ) Rainbow flag (Formerly Angola (/wiki/Angola) ) Uganda (/wiki/Uganda) Qatar (/wiki/Qatar) Row 5 [ edit ] Mauritius (/wiki/Mauritius) Comoros (/wiki/Comoros) Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) Turkmenistan (/wiki/Turkmenistan) Cameroon (/wiki/Cameroon) Palestine (/wiki/State_of_Palestine) Row 11 [ edit ] Namibia (/wiki/Namibia) Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) Afghanistan (/wiki/Afghanistan) Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) Dominica (/wiki/Dominica) Senegal (/wiki/Senegal) Row 17 [ edit ] Malawi (/wiki/Malawi) Samoa (/wiki/Samoa) Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) Uzbekistan (/wiki/Uzbekistan) Ethiopia (/wiki/Ethiopia) Row 23 [ edit ] Papua New Guinea (/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea) Sudan (/wiki/Sudan) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines) Cook Islands (/wiki/Cook_Islands) United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) Maldives (/wiki/Maldives) Eswatini (/wiki/Eswatini) Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) Row 31 [ edit ] Rainbow flag (Formerly Antigua and Barbuda (/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda) ) Zimbabwe (/wiki/Zimbabwe) Rainbow flag (Formerly Botswana (/wiki/Botswana) ) Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) bodice (upper) Tanzania (/wiki/Tanzania) Togo (/wiki/Togo) Tunisia (/wiki/Tunisia) Row 39 [ edit ] Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) Kuwait (/wiki/Kuwait) Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) Amsterdam bodice (lower) Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) Guyana (/wiki/Guyana) Rainbow flag (Formerly Belize (/wiki/Belize) ) Row 47 [ edit ] Guinea (/wiki/Guinea) Yemen (/wiki/Yemen) Jamaica (/wiki/Jamaica) Grenada (/wiki/Grenada) Tonga (/wiki/Tonga) Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) Eritrea (/wiki/Eritrea) Rainbow flag (Formerly Saint Kitts and Nevis (/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis) ) Row 55 [ edit ] Oman (/wiki/Oman) Iran (/wiki/Iran) Kiribati (/wiki/Kiribati) Tuvalu (/wiki/Tuvalu) Lebanon (/wiki/Lebanon) Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) Row 61 [ edit ] Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) Barbados (/wiki/Barbados) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) The Gambia (/wiki/The_Gambia) Rainbow flag (Formerly Bhutan (/wiki/Bhutan) ) Rainbow flag (Formerly India (/wiki/India) ) Row 67 [ edit ] Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) Burundi (/wiki/Burundi) Solomon Islands (/wiki/Solomon_Islands) Sierra Leone (/wiki/Sierra_Leone) Mauritania (/wiki/Mauritania) Saint Lucia (/wiki/Saint_Lucia) Row 73 [ edit ] Syria (/wiki/Syria) Libya (/wiki/Libya) Rainbow flag (Formerly Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) ) Liberia (/wiki/Liberia) Chad (/wiki/Chad) Row 78 [ edit ] South Sudan (/wiki/South_Sudan) Zambia (/wiki/Zambia) Somalia (/wiki/Somalia) Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) LGBT portal (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-gaystarnews_1-0) "The 'Amsterdam Rainbow Dress' is made from flags of 72 countries that outlaw homosexuality" (https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/amsterdam-rainbow-dress-transgender-pride/) . gaystarnews.com . 8 August 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211210184159/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/amsterdam-rainbow-dress-transgender-pride/) from the original on 2021-12-10 . Retrieved 2021-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-abc7news_2-0) "Amsterdam rainbow dress displayed at San Francisco City Hall - ABC7 San Francisco" (https://abc7news.com/rainbow-dress-amsterdam-made-from-flags-of-countries-where-homosexuality-is-a-crime/2025156/) . abc7news.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211210184157/https://abc7news.com/rainbow-dress-amsterdam-made-from-flags-of-countries-where-homosexuality-is-a-crime/2025156/) from the original on 2021-12-10 . Retrieved 2021-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-abc11_3-0) "Amsterdam rainbow dress displayed at San Francisco City Hall - ABC11 Raleigh-Durham" (https://abc11.com/rainbow-dress-amsterdam-made-from-flags-of-countries-where-homosexuality-is-a-crime/2027481/) . abc11.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211210205819/https://abc11.com/rainbow-dress-amsterdam-made-from-flags-of-countries-where-homosexuality-is-a-crime/2027481/) from the original on 2021-12-10 . Retrieved 2021-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-dailymaverick_4-0) "Zeitz MOCAA weaves local lives into the global fabric o..." (https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-12-14-zeitz-mocaa-weaves-local-lives-into-the-global-fabric-of-the-amsterdam-rainbow-dress/) dailymaverick.co.za . 14 December 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211210184158/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-12-14-zeitz-mocaa-weaves-local-lives-into-the-global-fabric-of-the-amsterdam-rainbow-dress/) from the original on 2021-12-10 . Retrieved 2021-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-ottawacitizen_5-0) "Amsterdam Rainbow Dress makes Canadian début in the capital region" (https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/amsterdam-rainbow-dress-makes-canadian-debut-in-the-capital-region) . Ottawa Citizen . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211210054027/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/amsterdam-rainbow-dress-makes-canadian-debut-in-the-capital-region) from the original on 2021-12-10 . Retrieved 2021-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-List_of_countries_in_the_Amsterdam_Rainbow_Dress_Foundation_6-0) "List of Countries" (https://www.amsterdamrainbowdress.com/list-of-countries/) . Amsterdam Rainbow Dress Foundation . Retrieved 10 July 2023 . This article about lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (/wiki/LGBT) topics is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Pakistani clothing brand This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria_B&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( July 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Maria B Maria B outlet at Dolmen Mall (/wiki/Dolmen_Malls) Company type Private Industry Retail (/wiki/Retailing) Founded 1999 ; 25 years ago ( 1999 ) [1] (#cite_note-mariab.pk-1) Founder Maria Butt Headquarters Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) , Pakistan Number of locations 20 (2019) Area served Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) Key people Maria Butt (CEO) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Owner Maria Butt Website www (https://www.mariab.pk) .mariab (https://www.mariab.pk) .pk (https://www.mariab.pk) Maria B is a Pakistani clothing and accessories brand based in Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) . It was founded by Maria Butt. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-tribune.com.pk1-3) It is based in Lahore (/wiki/Lahore) , Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) . It has outlets all over the country. [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] The business was started by Maria Butt, a graduate of the Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design (/wiki/Pakistan_Institute_of_Fashion_and_Design) in 1999 in Lahore, Pakistan. Maria B is a fashion brand of prêt a porter, couture, formal wear, lawn, embroidered fabrics, linen, and cotton in Pakistan. On the social front, the owner, Maria B has created division in society and faced criticism for her outward social conservatism, and well reasoned views on LGBTQ rights. [1] (#cite_note-mariab.pk-1) [5] (#cite_note-auto-5) Collections [ edit ] Swarovski pret collection [ edit ] In 2016, Maria B became the first designer in Pakistan who incorporated the Austrian-based global leader of crystals Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) in their embroidered, chiffon and lawn collections. [6] (#cite_note-tribune.com.pk2-6) They signed their deal in 2014 with the Austrian giant. [6] (#cite_note-tribune.com.pk2-6) The collection was launched on 27 August 2016. [6] (#cite_note-tribune.com.pk2-6) Other Specialities [ edit ] Maria B is known for the following lines: [6] (#cite_note-tribune.com.pk2-6) Mkids MPrints Evening Wear Lawn Linen MBasics Mbroidered Maria B Jewellery Maria B Perfumes Sateen Silk Eid Lawn Casuals Couture Bridals Stores [ edit ] Maria B has stores in all major cities of Pakistan: [1] (#cite_note-mariab.pk-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "About Maria. B. ae" (http://www.mariab.pk/about-mariab) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Abdul Ghani, Jawaid (March 6, 2010). "Maria B. Designs (Pvt.) Lt" (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097282011000700107) . Asian Journal of Management Cases . 7 (1): 89–102. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/097282011000700107 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F097282011000700107) – via CrossRef. ^ (#cite_ref-tribune.com.pk1_3-0) "MBroidered: The latest from Maria B - The Express Tribune" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/677252/mbroidered-the-latest-from-maria-b/) . 28 February 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Maria B goes regal at the London Fashion Parade - The Express Tribune" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/1326197/maria-b-goes-regal-london-fashion-parade/) . 14 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-auto_5-0) Isani, Aamna Haider. "A crystal clear vision for global expansion" (https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/240034-A-crystal-clear-vision-for-global-expansion) . www.thenews.com.pk . ^ a b c d "Maria B to launch Pakistan's first-ever Swarovski prêt collection - The Express Tribune" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/1167659/maria-b-launch-pakistans-first-ever-swarovski-pret-collection/) . 24 August 2016. v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) companies of Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) Amir Adnan (/wiki/Amir_Adnan) Bareezé (/wiki/Bareez%C3%A9) Gul Ahmed (/wiki/Gul_Ahmed) Khaadi (/wiki/Khaadi) Maria B Nishat Linen (/wiki/Nishat_Linen) Sapphire Retail (/wiki/Sapphire_Retail) Sana Safinaz (/wiki/Sana_Safinaz) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐hbcmb Cached time: 20240712173802 Cache expiry: 1664520 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.492 seconds Real time usage: 0.795 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1746/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29100/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1701/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 34241/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.324/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4769826/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 633.851 1 -total 25.56% 162.017 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.64% 156.208 1 Template:Reflist 23.33% 147.887 1 Template:Infobox 21.67% 137.380 1 Template:Short_description 19.53% 123.774 5 Template:Cite_web 16.77% 106.325 1 Template:Clothing_companies_of_Pakistan 16.31% 103.387 1 Template:Navbox 10.52% 66.685 1 Template:Advert 10.18% 64.557 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55835789-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173802 and revision id 1227634120. 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(Redirected from Jarry Lee (/w/index.php?title=Jarry_Lee&redirect=no) ) American reality dating television series Dating Around Genre Reality (/wiki/Reality_television) Dating (/wiki/Dating_game_show) Created by Chris Culvenor (/wiki/Chris_Culvenor) Directed by James Adolphus Wylda Bayron Country of origin United States Original language English No. of seasons 2 No. of episodes 12 Production Executive producers Chris Culvenor (/wiki/Chris_Culvenor) Paul Franklin Alycia Rossiter Cinematography James Adolphus Running time 24–29 minutes Production company Eureka Productions (/wiki/Eureka_Productions) Original release Network Netflix Release February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) – June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) Dating Around is an American reality (/wiki/Reality_television) dating (/wiki/Dating_game_show) streaming television series on Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The six-episode first season premiered on February 14, 2019. [2] (#cite_note-2) It is the "first original dating series" that Netflix has produced. [3] (#cite_note-3) Each episode of the series follows one person going on five blind dates (/wiki/Blind_date) , [4] (#cite_note-4) with dates including people of various races and sexual orientations. [5] (#cite_note-5) On February 6, 2020, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on June 12, 2020. [6] (#cite_note-6) Episodes [ edit ] Season Episodes Originally released 1 (#Season_1_(2019)) 6 February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) 2 (#Season_2_(2020)) 6 June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) Season 1 (2019) [ edit ] No. overall No. in season Title Original release date 1 1 "Luke" February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) 2 2 "Gurki" February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) 3 3 "Lex" February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) 4 4 "Leonard" February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) 5 5 "Sarah" February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) 6 6 "Mila" February 14, 2019 ( 2019-02-14 ) Season 2 (2020) [ edit ] No. overall No. in season Title Original release date [7] (#cite_note-TFC-7) 7 1 "Justin" June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) 8 2 "Ben" June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) 9 3 "Deva" June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) 10 4 "Heather" June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) 11 5 "Brandon" June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) 12 6 "Demi" June 12, 2020 ( 2020-06-12 ) Versions [ edit ] Franchise with a currently airing season Franchise with an upcoming season Franchise with an unknown status Franchise awaiting confirmation Franchise that has ceased to air Country/Region Local title Network Series and winners Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) O Crush Perfeito Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) Season 1, 2020: TBA References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Netflix's Dating Around Looks Like the Most Earnest Dating Show on TV \| TV Guide" (https://www.tvguide.com/news/netflix-dating-around-premiere-date-trailer/) . TV Guide (/wiki/TV_Guide) . 2019-02-05 . Retrieved 2019-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Petski, Denise (2019-02-05). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20190210154147/https://deadline.com/2019/02/dating-around-trailer-first-look-netflix-reality-relationship-series-1202549971/) 'Dating Around' Trailer: First Look At Netflix's Reality Relationship Series" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190210154147/https://deadline.com/2019/02/dating-around-trailer-first-look-netflix-reality-relationship-series-1202549971/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Archived from the original (https://deadline.com/2019/02/dating-around-trailer-first-look-netflix-reality-relationship-series-1202549971/) on 2019-02-10 . Retrieved 2019-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sherman, Maria (6 February 2019). "I Will Watch The Hell Out of This Netflix Nightmare Dating Show" (https://themuse.jezebel.com/i-will-watch-the-hell-out-of-this-netflix-nightmare-dat-1832390989) . The Muse . Retrieved 2019-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Dellinger, AJ (February 5, 2019). "Netflix reality series 'Dating Around' debuts on Valentine's Day" (https://www.engadget.com/2019/02/05/netflix-dating-around-dating-show-valentines-day/) . Engadget . Retrieved 2019-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) " (https://www.slashfilm.com/dating-around-trailer/) 'Dating Around' Trailer: Netflix Has a Dating Reality Show Now" (https://www.slashfilm.com/dating-around-trailer/) . /Film . February 7, 2019 . Retrieved 2019-02-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Netflix's Dating Around Is Finally Returning for a Second Season" (https://www.vulture.com/2020/02/netflix-dating-around-season-2.html) . Vulture . February 6, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-TFC_7-0) "Dating Around – Listings" (http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/dating-around/listings/) . The Futon Critic (/wiki/The_Futon_Critic) . Retrieved June 9, 2020 . 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Chilean socialites (/wiki/Socialite) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐598b97dcf7‐8zbz2 Cached time: 20240702185314 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.104 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56815715-0!canonical and timestamp 20240702185314 and revision id 924064000. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. C Chilean salon-holders (/wiki/Category:Chilean_salon-holders) ‎ (2 P) Pages in category "Chilean socialites" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Julita Astaburuaga (/wiki/Julita_Astaburuaga) E Sofía Eastman (/wiki/Sof%C3%ADa_Eastman) Blanca Errázuriz (/wiki/Blanca_Err%C3%A1zuriz) Eugenia Errázuriz (/wiki/Eugenia_Err%C3%A1zuriz) L María Eugenia Larraín (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Eugenia_Larra%C3%ADn) Luisa Lynch (/wiki/Luisa_Lynch) M Nicolasa Montt (/wiki/Nicolasa_Montt) O Rosario Orrego (/wiki/Rosario_Orrego) S Victoria Subercaseaux (/wiki/Victoria_Subercaseaux) V Cleo von Adelsheim (/wiki/Cleo_von_Adelsheim) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Chilean_socialites&oldid=924064000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Chilean_socialites&oldid=924064000) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Chilean people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Chilean_people_by_occupation) Socialites by nationality (/wiki/Category:Socialites_by_nationality)
American women's clothing retailer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Long_Tall_Sally_(retailer)) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Long_Tall_Sally_(retailer)) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article reads like a press release (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#PROMO) or a news article (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#NEWS) and may be largely based on routine coverage (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)#Routine_coverage) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_Tall_Sally_(retailer)&action=edit) and add independent sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) . ( November 2013 ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . 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Find sources: "Long Tall Sally" retailer (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Long+Tall+Sally%22+retailer) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Long+Tall+Sally%22+retailer+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Long+Tall+Sally%22+retailer&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Long+Tall+Sally%22+retailer+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Long+Tall+Sally%22+retailer) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Long+Tall+Sally%22+retailer&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources) , potentially preventing the article from being verifiable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and neutral (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long_Tall_Sally_(retailer)&action=edit) by replacing them with more appropriate citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) to reliable, independent, third-party sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_independent_sources) . ( September 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Long Tall Sally Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1976 Products Women (/wiki/Woman) 's clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Website www (http://www.longtallsally.com) .longtallsally (http://www.longtallsally.com) .com (http://www.longtallsally.com) Long Tall Sally is a clothing and shoe retailer (/wiki/Retail) for tall women 5′8″ and over. Founded in London in 1976, the company offered clothing with sizing adjustments for longer torso lengths, rises on pants, and dart positions on blouses. It sold under several labels including Karl Lagerfeld Paris and its own LTS label. [1] (#cite_note-1) The first store was opened in 1976 on Chiltern Street (/wiki/Chiltern_Street) in the West End (/wiki/West_End_of_London) of London (/wiki/London) . By 2012 the company had stores in UK, US (/wiki/United_States) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) , and Germany (/wiki/Germany) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The company also sold via mail order using catalogues . [3] (#cite_note-About-3) In 2018 the business became a solely online retailer. [4] (#cite_note-TESTA-4) In 2008 the company started selling in North America through catalogue and web marketing, and in 2009 acquired the Canadian assets and trade of Tall Girl, [5] (#cite_note-News-5) including nine stores across Canada and the United States. Since then the company has also taken over German tall business Long Fashion, US retailer Long Elegant Legs and US footwear business Bare Foot Tess. The range features brands such as NYDJ, Silver, Hush Puppies (/wiki/Hush_Puppies) , Clarks, Nine West (/wiki/Nine_West) , Ruby Rocks, Karl Lagerfeld Paris among others. [3] (#cite_note-About-3) In June 2020 the company announced its closure. The business planned to wind down trading in August. [4] (#cite_note-TESTA-4) On 19 August the company announced that it was acquired by AK Retail of Peterborough, UK. The business was to continue under the new owner as of 1 September 2020. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Ell, Kellie (16 June 2020). "Long Tall Sally Closing Forever" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/long-tall-sally-going-out-of-business-1203654767/) . WWD.com . Retrieved 21 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Edelson, Sharon (20 April 2012). "Long Tall Sally Grows" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/long-tall-sally-grows-5870784//) . WWD.com . Retrieved 21 July 2020 . ^ a b "Clothes for Tall Women at Long Tall Sally Tall Ladies Fashion Online" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090330161455/http://www.longtallsally.com/about_us) . Archived from the original (http://www.longtallsally.com/about_us) on 30 March 2009 . Retrieved 17 June 2010 . Long Tall Sally Website ^ a b Testa, Jessica (24 June 2020). "Saying Goodbye to Long Tall Sally" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/style/retail-saying-goodbye-to-long-tall-sally.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 29 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-News_5-0) "Amery Capital LTD. // Long Tall Sally" (https://archive.today/20130117011550/http://www.amerycap.com/brand-long-tall-sally.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.amerycap.com/brand-long-tall-sally.html) on 17 January 2013 . Retrieved 18 February 2010 . Amery Capital website ^ (#cite_ref-6) Quested, Tony (19 August 2020). "Fresh heights as AK Retail creates 30 jobs via acquisition" (https://www.businessweekly.co.uk/news/retail/fresh-heights-ak-retail-creates-30-jobs-acquisition) . businessweekly.co.uk . Retrieved 19 August 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.longtallsally.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐cjdjh Cached time: 20240715062700 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.285 seconds Real time usage: 0.412 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1869/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 62909/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 13537/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32444/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.182/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6025838/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 380.448 1 -total 35.34% 134.451 4 Template:Ambox 29.31% 111.518 1 Template:Reflist 23.40% 89.040 5 Template:Cite_web 22.23% 84.555 1 Template:Multiple_issues 20.49% 77.936 1 Template:Infobox_company 17.99% 68.453 1 Template:Infobox 15.07% 57.336 1 Template:Short_description 8.93% 33.972 1 Template:Refimprove 8.36% 31.791 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:14357354-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715062700 and revision id 1222241110. 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Women's fashion magazine in Italy Amica Logo of Amica Editor-in-chief Emanuela Testori Categories Women's magazine (/wiki/Women%27s_magazine) Fashion magazine (/wiki/Fashion_magazine) Frequency Monthly Circulation (/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation) 112,467 (August 2019) Publisher RCS Periodici Founded 1962 First issue 1 March 1962 ; 62 years ago ( 1962-03-01 ) Company RCS MediaGroup (/wiki/RCS_MediaGroup) Country Italy Based in Milan (/wiki/Milan) Language Italian (/wiki/Italian_language) Website Amica ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2499-2984 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2499-2984) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1322195868 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1322195868) Amica is a monthly fashion and women's magazine (/wiki/Women%27s_magazine) based in Milan, Italy. It has been in circulation since 1962. The magazine has several international editions published in Bulgaria, Indonesia and Singapore. History and profile [ edit ] Amica was established in March 1962. [1] (#cite_note-studi-1) [2] (#cite_note-sdc-2) [3] (#cite_note-fad-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The cover of its first issue was dedicated to Sophia Loren (/wiki/Sophia_Loren) . [1] (#cite_note-studi-1) The original publisher of the magazine was Crespi. [2] (#cite_note-sdc-2) The magazine is part of RCS MediaGroup (/wiki/RCS_MediaGroup) and is published by RCS Periodici on a monthly basis in Milan. [3] (#cite_note-fad-3) [5] (#cite_note-5) It offers articles on the recent fashion trends. [3] (#cite_note-fad-3) From 1986 to 2001 Casamica , a magazine on interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) , was distributed with Amica . [6] (#cite_note-wwi-6) Later it became a supplement of the daily paper Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) , another publication of RCS MediaGroup. [6] (#cite_note-wwi-6) The online edition of Amica appeared in 1997. [7] (#cite_note-7) The Bulgarian edition of the magazine was launched in late September 2007. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Its editions in Indonesia and Singapore, published in English, were both started in 2008. [10] (#cite_note-rcsmg-10) In November 2011 the Italian edition was redesigned and began to include four sections: Stories, Fashion, Beauty, and Escape. [11] (#cite_note-pub-11) At the end of 2014 the international edition of the magazine, Amica International , was started. [12] (#cite_note-12) As of 2015 the editor-in-chief (/wiki/Editor-in-chief) of Amica was Emanuela Testori. [13] (#cite_note-13) Circulation [ edit ] Amica had a circulation of 209,638 copies in 1984. [14] (#cite_note-14) Between February 2006 and January 2007 the magazine sold 180,100 copies. [15] (#cite_note-15) Its circulation was 180,257 copies in 2007. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) From August 2010 to July 2011 the monthly had a circulation of 145,380 copies. [11] (#cite_note-pub-11) In August 2019 Amica had paid circulation of 112,467 copies. [18] (#cite_note-18) See also [ edit ] List of magazines in Italy (/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_Italy) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "10 Pure Italian Fashion Magazines You can't Miss" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150618173647/http://www.studying.it/10-pure-italian-fashion-magazines-you-cant-miss/) . Studying It . 5 July 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.studying.it/10-pure-italian-fashion-magazines-you-cant-miss/) on 18 June 2015 . Retrieved 18 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sergio De Claricini (February 1965). "Women's Weeklies in Italy". International Communication Gazette (/wiki/International_Communication_Gazette) . 11 (1): 43–56. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/001654926501100104 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001654926501100104) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 220898740 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220898740) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Factsheet. Amica" (http://www.adnative.net/switzerland/media-solutions/factsheet/mediadata/amica-italia/?PARAM1=RM1AM1#.VS1OF5SsXRA) . Adnative . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "AMICA Italy" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/magazines/amica-italy/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Best Italian Fashion, Beauty and Style Magazines" (http://www.made-in-italy.com/italian-fashion/magazines) . Made in Italy . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Magazines" (https://archive.today/20150424181818/http://195.75.145.68/whoiswho/ricerca.php?code=WSWWWCQGWW) . Who's Who in Italy . Archived from the original (http://195.75.145.68/whoiswho/ricerca.php?code=WSWWWCQGWW) on 24 April 2015 . Retrieved 24 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Ulrich Kaiser (2003). "The Effects of Website Provision on the Demand for German Women's Magazines". SSRN Electronic Journal . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2139/ssrn.373341 (https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.373341) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Amica: In search of the good life, we drop an anchor near Cape Ambelits in Lozenets" (http://www.chobanovstoyanov.com/en/news/amica-belle-epoque-april-2014-325.html) . Chobanov & Stoyanov . 1 July 2014 . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Market position" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150414205515/http://www.bleispa.it/_uploads/News/docNews625.ppt) . Bleispa . Archived from the original (http://www.bleispa.it/_uploads/News/docNews625.ppt) on 14 April 2015 . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-rcsmg_10-0) "RCS MediaGroup: Amica in Indonesia and Singapore" (http://www.rcsmediagroup.it/en/press-release/rcs-mediagroup-amica-in-indonesia-and-singapore/) . RCS MediaGroup . 9 October 2008 . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Women's magazine Amica has a new lay-out" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083326/http://www.publicitas.com/en/home/media-news-events/news-detail/?newsid=60186&title=italy-womens-magazine-amica-has-a-new-lay-out#.VS1OuJSsXRA) . Publicitas . 20 October 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.publicitas.com/en/home/media-news-events/news-detail/?newsid=60186&title=italy-womens-magazine-amica-has-a-new-lay-out#.VS1OuJSsXRA) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "AMICA International to launch at the end of the year" (http://www.adnative.net/switzerland/media-solutions/latest-promotions/promotion/detail/italy-amica-international-to-launch-at-the-end-of-the-year-413/#.VS1JiZSsXRA) . Adnative . 17 June 2014 . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Amica" (http://www.rcscommunicationsolutions.it/site/en/home/media/magazines/amica.html) . RCS Communication Solutions . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Maria Teresa Crisci. "Relationships between numbers of readers per copy and the characteristics of magazines" (http://www.pdrf.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/196.pdf) (PDF) . Print and Digital Research Forum . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Italian Publishers" (http://www.borsaitaliana.it/bitApp/view.bit?lang=it&target=StudiDownloadFree&filename=pdf%2F59783.pdf) (PDF) . Citi Group . 24 May 2007 . Retrieved 27 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Anne Austin; et al. (2008). "Western Europe Market and Media Fact" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150205131709/http://conan.lib.muohio.edu/ebooks/Western_Europe_Market_MediaFact_2008/Western%20Europe%20Market%20%26%20MediaFact%202008.pdf) (PDF) . Zenith Optimedia . Archived from the original (http://conan.lib.muohio.edu/ebooks/Western_Europe_Market_MediaFact_2008/Western%20Europe%20Market%20&%20MediaFact%202008.pdf) (PDF) on 5 February 2015 . Retrieved 14 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Dati ADS (tirature e vendite)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150424142426/http://www.fotografi.org/periodici_tirature.htm) . Fotografi (in Italian). Archived from the original (http://www.fotografi.org/periodici_tirature.htm#SETTIMANALI) on 24 April 2015 . Retrieved 26 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Facts" (https://www.internationalmediasales.net/benelux/portfolio/detail/amica/) . International Media Sales . Retrieved 7 August 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.amica.it/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/268067076) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐895674c4f‐686vw Cached time: 20240717063338 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.353 seconds Real time usage: 0.461 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1732/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42178/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1550/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 73567/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.234/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5848211/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 430.802 1 -total 37.72% 162.486 1 Template:Reflist 26.62% 114.665 12 Template:Cite_web 18.88% 81.318 1 Template:Authority_control 18.52% 79.780 1 Template:Infobox_magazine 17.79% 76.637 1 Template:Infobox 15.02% 64.705 1 Template:Short_description 7.87% 33.900 2 Template:Pagetype 5.00% 21.539 6 Template:Main_other 4.44% 19.124 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46410340-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717063338 and revision id 1221057658. 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Russia portal (/wiki/Portal:Russia) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐967764f4‐nqdbk Cached time: 20240629182402 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.074 seconds Real time usage: 0.089 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1496/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.042/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 719377/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 71.837 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 71.837 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69723992-0!canonical and timestamp 20240629182402 and revision id 1064911502. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Female models from Saint Petersburg" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . D Angelina Danilova (/wiki/Angelina_Danilova) G Margarita Golubeva (/wiki/Margarita_Golubeva) K Ksenia Kuprina (/wiki/Ksenia_Kuprina) M Anastassia Michaeli (/wiki/Anastassia_Michaeli) N Tatiana Naynik (/wiki/Tatiana_Naynik) P Lia Pavlova (/wiki/Lia_Pavlova) Odette Pavlova (/wiki/Odette_Pavlova) R Palina Rojinski (/wiki/Palina_Rojinski) Sofia Rudieva (/wiki/Sofia_Rudieva) S Katya Sambuca (/wiki/Katya_Sambuca) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Saint_Petersburg&oldid=1064911502 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Saint_Petersburg&oldid=1064911502) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Models from Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Saint_Petersburg) Russian female models by federal subject (/wiki/Category:Russian_female_models_by_federal_subject)
American dressmaker and clubwoman Alice A. Casneau Born December 1866 Virginia Died March 24, 1953 Roxbury, Massachusetts (/wiki/Roxbury,_Massachusetts) Nationality American Occupation(s) Dressmaker, Activist, Author Known for Clubwoman (/wiki/Clubwoman) and leader Spouse Elmer E. Casneau Children Pearl E. Casneau Alice A. Tolliver Casneau (died 1953), known professionally as Mrs. A. A. Casneau , was an American dressmaker and clubwoman (/wiki/Clubwoman) based in the Boston, Massachusetts (/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts) area. Career [ edit ] Casneau was a dressmaker in the Boston area with a recorded land purchase in Everett, Massachusetts (/wiki/Everett,_Massachusetts) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She was also active in the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (/wiki/National_Association_of_Colored_Women%27s_Clubs) when it held its first national conference in Boston in 1895. [2] (#cite_note-2) One of Casneau's_dresses from her guide In the same year as the Boston conference she gave a paper on "Morals and Manners" at the meeting of the Woman's Era Club (/wiki/Woman%27s_Era_Club) . [3] (#cite_note-3) As a successful businessperson, she gave a presentation on "Dressmaking" at the first meeting of the National Negro Business League (/wiki/National_Negro_Business_League) , held in Boston in 1900. "If there is no market for your wares in the community in which you live," she told the audience, "find a place that needs you, that needs just the talent that God has given you, and when you have found it, fill it ." [4] (#cite_note-4) She was an associate member of the Massachusetts Branch of the Niagara Movement (/wiki/Niagara_Movement) in 1907. [5] (#cite_note-5) Casneau's "Guide for Artistic Dress Cutting and Making" (1895) was a "remarkable" [6] (#cite_note-6) 73-page booklet. [7] (#cite_note-7) It was one of the ten titles by black women authors available in the reception room of the National Conference of Colored Women in 1895. Her work was also featured on the literature table at the New England Hospital for Women and Children (/wiki/New_England_Hospital_for_Women_and_Children) . [8] (#cite_note-8) During World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) , she served on the executive committee of the Soldiers' Comfort Unit in Boston, a women's group that provided supports for black soldiers stationed in or near Boston. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 1925, she was elected president of the League of Women for Community Service (/wiki/League_of_Women_for_Community_Service) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Personal life [ edit ] Alice Tolliver married Elmer E. Casneau, a barber, in 1887. [11] (#cite_note-11) They had a daughter, Pearl E. Casneau, born in 1892. [12] (#cite_note-12) Alice A. Casneau died in 1953 in Massachusetts. [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Public Documents of Massachusetts 1899, Volume 1 Boston, Massachusetts:Wright & Potter Printing Co., 1900) page 709. ^ (#cite_ref-2) LaVonne Leslie, The History of the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, Inc. (2012). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781479722655 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781479722655) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Notes and Comments" (https://books.google.com/books?id=Zsu-2uBsc9YC&dq=Alice+Casneau&pg=PA148) The Woman's Era (April 1895): 1. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Mrs. A. A. Casneau, "Dressmaking" (https://books.google.com/books?id=_m1DAQAAMAAJ&dq=A.+A.+Casneau&pg=PA79) Proceedings of the National Negro Business League (J. R. Hamm 1901): 78-83; image 78, quote 79-80. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Third Annual Conference of the Niagara Movement (Boston 1907). ^ (#cite_ref-6) Michelle A. Wilson, "Lois Alexander: In search of Black Fashion Designers--old and new" Tri-State Defender (March 10, 1979): 1. via ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Teresa Wiltz, " "They Got No Fame or Glory, But They Left Their Mark" (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-02-23/features/9502230107_1_fashion-designers-slave-lois-alexander) Chicago Tribune (February 23, 1995). ^ (#cite_ref-8) Elizabeth McHenry, Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies (Duke University Press 2002): 231, 242. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780822329954 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822329954) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Emmett J. Scott, (https://archive.org/details/scottsofficialhi00scot_0) Scott's official history of the American Negro in the world war (Homewood Press 1919): 389-390. ^ (#cite_ref-10) William C. Magruder, "Boston News: Organizations" Chicago Defender (March 21, 1925): A8. via ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Marriages Registered in the City of Boston for the Year 1887 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Famous Hub Waiter Dead" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17705468/pearl_casneau_debutante/) New York Age (April 14, 1910): 3. via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Index to Deaths in Massachusetts, 1951-1955 . External links [ edit ] Casneau's Guide for Artistic Dress Cutting and Making (Brooks Bank Note Company Press 1895). 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1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1839) 1840 1841 1842 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐kc5sl Cached time: 20240718082558 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.141 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 47/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2032/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 30/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.073/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 932007/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 135.635 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 135.635 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54240837-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718082558 and revision id 895645960. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1837" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . H C.F. Hathaway Company (/wiki/C.F._Hathaway_Company) Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1837&oldid=895645960 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1837&oldid=895645960) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1830s fashion (/wiki/Category:1830s_fashion) Design companies established in 1837 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1837) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1837 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1837) Clothing companies established in the 19th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_19th_century)
Greek Cypriot fashion designer Eleni Kyriacou Born ( 1980-06-15 ) 15 June 1980 (age 44) London, UK Nationality Greek Cypriot (/wiki/Greek_Cypriots) Education Francis Holland School (/wiki/Francis_Holland_School) The Bartlett (/wiki/The_Bartlett) at UCL (/wiki/University_College_London) Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) Occupation(s) Fashion designer, activist Years active 2011-present Label Eleni Kyriacou Website www (http://www.elenikyriacou.com) .elenikyriacou (http://www.elenikyriacou.com) .com (http://www.elenikyriacou.com) Eleni Kyriacou (born 15 June 1980) is a Greek Cypriot (/wiki/Greek_Cypriots) fashion (/wiki/Fashion_design) and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) who designed the costumes for the lighting of the Olympic Flame (/wiki/Olympic_Flame) ceremony, first worn for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics) . In 2021, she also exposed (/wiki/Whistleblower) a decades-old culture of bullying at the Bartlett School of Architecture (/wiki/The_Bartlett) in London. Education and career [ edit ] Kyriacou studied architecture (/wiki/Architecture) at The Bartlett (/wiki/The_Bartlett) at University College London (UCL) (/wiki/University_College_London) and textile design (/wiki/Textile_design) at Central Saint Martins (CSM) (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She was an apprentice of the late Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) . She is most notable for redesigning the costumes for the lighting of the Olympic Flame ceremony, first worn for the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) They were worn again for the Buenos Aires 2018 Youth Olympics (/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics) , the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics) , the Lausanne 2020 Youth Olympics (/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics) , the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics) and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) The Hellenic Olympic Committee (/wiki/Hellenic_Olympic_Committee) honoured her for her contribution to the Olympic Games (/wiki/Olympic_Games) on 1 November 2016. [7] (#cite_note-7) Two costumes from the ceremony are now permanently housed in the Olympic Museum (/wiki/Olympic_Museum) in Lausanne (/wiki/Lausanne) . Eleni Kyriacou was profiled by Bloomberg Business (/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek) as a brand that moved from London to Athens amidst the Greek financial crisis. [8] (#cite_note-8) She has participated in Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) three times and in the Athens Xclusive Designers Week (/w/index.php?title=Athens_Xclusive_Designers_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) . [9] (#cite_note-9) In October 2022, Muyiwa Oki (/wiki/Muyiwa_Oki) , then president-elect of the Royal Institute of British Architects (/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects) , supported Kyriacou by wearing one of her garment designs to the Stirling Prize (/wiki/Stirling_Prize) ceremony at the RIBA. [10] (#cite_note-Crook-07Nov2022-10) She is also a designer for the London Sock Company. [11] (#cite_note-11) Kyriacou launched her collection Old Lace, New Life on the grounds of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens (/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens) as a moving performance on 7 June 2023. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Bartlett bullying controversy [ edit ] Kyriacou, who alleged being a survivor of sexist misconduct from UCL (/wiki/University_College_London) 's architecture school, The Bartlett (/wiki/The_Bartlett) , during her studies (1998-2002), conducted an independent investigation into the school (2020-21). Her research brought forward further allegations of discrimination against the school including racism as well as sexism. The findings were published by Sarah Marsh for The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) on 31 May 2021. [20] (#cite_note-20) Subsequently, on 3 June 2021, UCL announced they would launch an independent investigation into the allegations made against the school. [21] (#cite_note-21) On 22 July 2021, Architects' Journal (/wiki/Architects%27_Journal) announced that a group of former students and staff members had formed Bartlett United, and were poised to take legal action against the school. [22] (#cite_note-22) On 1 October 2021, Architects' Journal reported that UCL were searching for a new director of the Bartlett. [23] (#cite_note-23) Also in October 2021, UCL appointed an external investigator, Howlett Brown, to review culture and behaviours at the Bartlett, after more than 70 testimonies from current and former staff and students at the Bartlett were given to their own lawyers by Bartlett United. [24] (#cite_note-Ing-20oct2021-24) The Howlett Brown review was completed in April 2022 and on 9 June 2022, UCL publicly apologised to current and former students and staff for a decades-old "culture of unacceptable behaviour" at the Bartlett. The 119-page Howlett Brown report identified "uncomfortable truths and several ‘open secrets’ about the BSA", citing power, protectionism, a "boys' club" culture that allowed a lack of accountability, and a fear of speaking out "woven into the fabric of the BSA for a long period of time". The report's authors heard serious allegations, some dating back the early 1990s, of staff making sexist comments and verbally attacking female students, in addition to allegedly misogynistic, discriminatory, and antisemitic behaviour. Howlett Brown urged the university to investigate allegations about BSA staff further, and recommended changes to tutor hiring and staff training, plus provision of long-term counselling and support options. [25] (#cite_note-Abdul-09Jun2022-25) [26] (#cite_note-BBC-10Jun2022-26) BSA director Bob Sheil stepped down early as head of the school, which also suspended some staff from student-facing and administrative duties with immediate effect. Kyriacou said: "I'm glad to see they’ve finally suspended staff members. I think they should just be fired quite frankly. I think they should be named. I think their careers should end in shame. They need to reboot the whole school, which is what the report says. I hope they do it." [27] (#cite_note-Jessel-10Jun2022-27) Kyriacou later also called for compensation for those who suffered must ("UCL should look into the cases of students who were unfairly graded and see whether there is a way of awarding them their part Is") and payment of medical expenses such as the counselling fees incurred by some students. [28] (#cite_note-Hopkirk-04Jul2022-28) On 30 June 2022, an open letter from 24 architectural bosses, curators and academics was published. It criticised the Bartlett's publication of the Howlett Brown review, the ensuing "blacklisting" of staff and continued "Kafkaesque" investigations, and claimed there was an online "witch hunt" targeting "decent and talented teachers". [29] (#cite_note-Ing-01Jul2022-29) Kyriacou disagreed with the academics' description of the report as a "debacle", saying the "investigation was thorough, sensitively conducted, professional and sound. It brought to the surface and it very well assessed, alarming misconduct and patterns of behaviour that have gone on, without any accountability held, for an inexcusable length of time at UCL." [29] (#cite_note-Ing-01Jul2022-29) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Stanley, Caroline (1 November 2016). "Meet Eleni Kyriacou" (http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/alumni/2016/11/01/meet-eleni-kyriacou/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022520/http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/alumni/2016/11/01/meet-eleni-kyriacou/) 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , UAL Alumni . Retrieved 19 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The colours of the Greek landscape dress the Priestesses" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180314175211/http://www.hoc.gr/en/node/1637) . Hellenic Olympic Committee . 6 April 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.hoc.gr/en/node/1637) on 14 March 2018 . Retrieved 19 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Άρχισε η αντίστροφη μέτρηση για την Αφή της Ολυμπιακής Φλόγας" (http://www.ert.gr/athlitismos/archise-i-antistrofi-metrisi-gia-tin-afi-tis-olimpiakis-flogas/) , ΕΡΤ . 5 April 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The journey of the Olympic Flame begun" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123117/https://www.hoc.gr/en/node/2093) . The Hellenic Olympic Committee . 24 October 2017. Archived from the original (https://www.hoc.gr/en/node/2093) on 8 March 2022 . Retrieved 8 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Olympic Flame began its journey to Tokyo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123118/https://hoc.gr/en/node/2829) . The Hellenic Olympic Committee . 19 March 2020. Archived from the original (https://hoc.gr/en/node/2829) on 8 March 2022 . Retrieved 8 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Hellenic Olympic Committee" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220308123130/https://hoc.gr/en/news/rss?page=1) . The Hellenic Olympic Committee . Archived from the original (https://hoc.gr/en/news/rss?page=1) on 8 March 2022 . Retrieved 8 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "H EOE τίμησε τους συντελεστές των Τελετών της Φλόγας" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022828/http://www.hoc.gr/el/node/1852) . Hellenic Olympic Committee (in Greek). 2 November 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.hoc.gr/el/node/1852) on 7 March 2018 . Retrieved 19 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Petrakis, Maria (30 April 2015). "Ground Zero in Athens Provides Refuge for Londoner Fleeing Costs" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-29/ground-zero-in-athens-provides-refuge-for-londoner-fleeing-costs) , Bloomberg . Retrieved 19 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Eleni Kyriacou" (http://www.axdw.gr/brands/eleni_kyriacou/eleni_kyriacou) , Athens Xclusive Designers Week . Retrieved 19 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-Crook-07Nov2022_10-0) Crook, Lizzie (7 November 2022). "Eleni Kyriacou captures experience of trauma and Bartlett activism in Time to Rebuild collection" (https://www.dezeen.com/2022/11/07/time-to-rebuild-bartlett-whistleblower-eleni-kyriacou/) . Dezeen . Retrieved 1 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Eleni Kyriacou" (https://www.londonsockcompany.com/designer/eleni-kyriacou/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022601/https://www.londonsockcompany.com/designer/eleni-kyriacou/) 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , London Sock Company . Retrieved 19 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Museum Performance \| Old Lace, New Life" (https://www.namuseum.gr/en/new/museum-performance-old-lace-new-life/) , National Archaeological Museum . 1 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Old Lace, New Life" (https://www.elenikyriacou.com/old-lace-new-life) , Eleni Kyriacou . Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Tsoni, Paula (8 June 2023). "Greek Influence on History of Lacemaking Highlighted in Athens Exhibition" (https://greekreporter.com/2023/06/08/greek-history-lacemaking-athens-exhibition/) , Greek Reporter . Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-15) ""Ξεχασμένες Δαντέλες, Νέα Πνοή" \| Εντυπωσιακή έναρξη της έκθεσης στον Κήπο του Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου" (https://www.madamefigaro.gr/good-life/politismos/144804/xexasmenes-danteles-nea-pnoi-entuposiaki-enarxi-tis-ekthesis-ston-kipo-tou-ethnikou-arxaiologikou-mouseiou) , Madame Figaro . 8 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Ελένη Κυριάκου, η σχεδιάστρια που μεταμορφώνει παλιές δαντέλες σε σύγχρονα ρούχα -Απίστευτα σχέδια" (https://www.iefimerida.gr/politismos/eleni-kyriakoy-rabei-se-palies-danteles) , Iefimerida . 8 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "«Ξεχασμένες Δαντέλες, Νέα Πνοή» - Εντυπωσιακή έναρξη της έκθεσης στον Κήπο του Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου" (https://www.skai.gr/news/culture/ksexasmenes-danteles-nea-pnoi-entyposiaki-enarksi-tis-ekthesis-ston-kipo-tou-ethnikou-arxa) , Skai.gr . 8 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "«Ξεχασμένες Δαντέλες, Νέα Πνοή» – Εντυπωσιακή έναρξη της έκθεσης στον Κήπο του Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου" (https://www.naftemporiki.gr/culture/museums/1480856/xechasmenes-danteles-nea-pnoi-entyposiaki-enarxi-tis-ekthesis-ston-kipo-toy-ethnikoy-archaiologikoy-moyseioy/) , Naftemporiki . 8 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Μια παράσταση για τις «Ξεχασμένες Δαντέλες» στο Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο" (https://www.lifo.gr/now/entertainment/mia-parastasi-gia-tis-xehasmenes-danteles-sto-ethniko-arhaiologiko-moyseio) , LIFO . 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Marsh, Sarah (31 May 2021). "Ex-students complain of sexism and racism at UCL architecture school" (https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/may/31/ex-students-complain-sexism-racism-ucl-architecture-school) , The Guardian . Retrieved 1 June 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Tackling unacceptable behaviour in our community" (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2021/jun/tackling-unacceptable-behaviour-our-community) , UCL . 3 June 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Ing, Will (22 July 2021). "Bullying Bartlett: abused ex-students are poised to take legal action" (https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/bullying-bartlett-abused-ex-students-are-poised-to-take-legal-action) , Architects' Journal . Retrieved 5 March 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Ing, Will (1 October 2021) "UCL begins search for new director of the Bartlett" (https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/ucl-begins-search-for-new-director-of-the-bartlett) , Architects' Journal . Retrieved 5 March 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-Ing-20oct2021_24-0) Ing, Will (20 October 2021). "Bullying Bartlett: investigation launches as more victims come forward" (https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/bullying-bartlett-investigation-launches-as-more-victims-come-forward) . Architects' Journal . Retrieved 10 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Abdul-09Jun2022_25-0) Abdul, Geneva (9 June 2022). "UCL apologises for 'bullying and sexual misconduct' at architecture school" (https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/jun/09/ucl-apologises-for-bullying-and-sexual-misconduct-at-architecture-school) . Guardian . Retrieved 10 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBC-10Jun2022_26-0) "University College London apologies for school's 'boys' club' culture" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-61759083) . BBC News . 10 June 2022 . Retrieved 10 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jessel-10Jun2022_27-0) Jessel, Ella (10 June 2022). "Bartlett director Bob Sheil steps down early amid bullying scandal" (https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/bartlett-director-bob-sheil-steps-down) . Architects' Journal . Retrieved 10 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hopkirk-04Jul2022_28-0) Hopkirk, Elizabeth (4 July 2022). "Bartlett whistleblower seeks compensation for victims of bullying and 'sexist marking' (https://www.bdonline.co.uk/news/bartlett-whistleblower-seeks-compensation-for-victims-of-bullying-and-sexist-marking/5118137.article) " (https://www.bdonline.co.uk/news/bartlett-whistleblower-seeks-compensation-for-victims-of-bullying-and-sexist-marking/5118137.article) . Building Design . Retrieved 8 July 2022 . ^ a b Ing, Will (1 July 2022). "Bartlett investigation has encouraged 'witch-hunt', say academics" (https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/bartlett-investigation-has-encouraged-witch-hunt-say-academics) . Architects' Journal . Retrieved 8 July 2022 . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.elenikyriacou.com) Getty Stock Photos (https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/eleni-kyriacou?sort=mostpopular&mediatype=photography&phrase=eleni%20kyriacou) Bartlett United (https://www.bartlettunited.org/) Howlett Brown (https://howlettbrown.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/000000003953668X) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/75826160) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj4t9Q7jF3VMfYYvWtkDq) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2003031764) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐v98jf Cached time: 20240623115938 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.361 seconds Real time usage: 0.480 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2313/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31894/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1547/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 61326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.240/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7316012/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 449.751 1 -total 31.64% 142.312 1 Template:Reflist 30.30% 136.271 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 19.02% 85.546 5 Template:Cite_web 18.63% 83.785 1 Template:Authority_control 17.16% 77.196 1 Template:Short_description 10.11% 45.453 18 Template:Main_other 9.43% 42.420 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.71% 34.695 2 Template:Pagetype 7.70% 34.636 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56349619-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623115938 and revision id 1211463572. 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2nd edition of the Miss Grand Spain competition Miss Grand Spain 2017 Date July 8, 2017 Venue Teatro de la Villa del Conocimiento y las Artes, Mairena del Alcor (/wiki/Mairena_del_Alcor) Entrants 28 Placements 11 Winner Mariana Rico Islas Baleares (/wiki/Islas_Baleares) ← 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Spain_2016) 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Spain_2018) → Miss Grand Spain 2017 is the 2nd edition of Miss Grand Spain (/wiki/Miss_Grand_Spain) beauty contest, held at Teatro de la Villa del Conocimiento y las Artes, Mairena del Alcor (/wiki/Mairena_del_Alcor) on 8 July 2017. [1] (#cite_note-2018venue-1) The winner was Mariana Rico from Balearic Islands (/wiki/Balearic_Islands) . [2] (#cite_note-2017result-2) [3] (#cite_note-res17-3) Mariana then represented Spain at the Miss Grand International 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2017) pageant held on October 25 in Vietnam. [4] (#cite_note-jean2017-4) Results [ edit ] Final results Contestant [5] (#cite_note-2017result2-5) Miss Grand Spain 2017 Islas Baleares (/wiki/Islas_Baleares) - Mariana Rico 1st Runner-Up Sevilla (/wiki/Sevilla) - Susy Sánchez 2nd Runner-Up Andalucía (/wiki/Andaluc%C3%ADa) - Carolina Santos Top 5 Granada (/wiki/Granada) - Paola Morales Jaén (/wiki/Province_of_Ja%C3%A9n_(Spain)) - Alba Maria Lara TOP 11 Alicante (/wiki/Alicante) - Isa Soguero Asturias (/wiki/Asturias) - Alba Magan Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) - Jennifer Hueso Quesada Extremadura (/wiki/Extremadura) - Angela González Huelva (/wiki/Huelva) - Bela Peña Zaragoza (/wiki/Zaragoza) - Luisa González Contestants [ edit ] Twenty-eight contestants competed for the title. [6] (#cite_note-y2017-6) Province/Community/Region Contestant Alicante (/wiki/Alicante) Isa Soguero Almería (/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa) Laura Funes Andalucía (/wiki/Andalusia) Carolina Santos Asturias (/wiki/Asturias) Alba Magan Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) Jennifer Hueso Quesada Cádiz (/wiki/C%C3%A1diz) Carmen Carrillo Castilla-La Mancha (/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha) Alba Rabadán Ceuta (/wiki/Ceuta) Nina Jimeno Ciudad Real (/wiki/Ciudad_Real) Marta Carrasco Córdoba (/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Province,_Argentina) Natalia Flores Extremadura (/wiki/Extremadura) Angela González Galicia (/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)) Carla Soage Granada (/wiki/Granada) Paola Morales Guadalajara (/wiki/Guadalajara) Estefania Ortega Huelva (/wiki/Huelva) Bela Peña Islas Baleares (/wiki/Balearic_Islands) Mariana Rico Jaén (/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain) Alba Maria Lara Madrid (/wiki/Community_of_Madrid) Ivonne Pérez Málaga (/wiki/M%C3%A1laga) Anastasia Castillo Murcia (/wiki/Region_of_Murcia) Nabila Calvente Pontevedra (/wiki/Pontevedra) Jéssica Solleiro Bermúdez Segovia (/wiki/Segovia) Cristina Andrea Cosareano Santa Cruz de Tenerife (/wiki/Province_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife) Claudia San Luis Barreto Sevilla (/wiki/Sevilla) Susy Sánchez Toledo (/wiki/Toledo,_Spain) Andrea Salcedo Valencia (/wiki/Valencian_Community) María del Mar Rodríguez Valladolid (/wiki/Valladolid) Patricia Alvarez Zaragoza (/wiki/Zaragoza) Luisa González References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-2018venue_1-0) "Acompaña a la Villacarrillense Alba Mª Lara Gallego actual Miss Grand Jaén en el certamen de Miss Grand España" (https://archive.today/20240411145832/https://www.villacarrillo.es/event/acompana-la-villacarrillense-alba-ma-lara-gallego-actual-miss-grand-jaen-certamen-miss-grand-espana/) . www.villacarrillo.es/ (in Spanish). July 8, 2017. Archived from the original (https://www.villacarrillo.es/event/acompana-la-villacarrillense-alba-ma-lara-gallego-actual-miss-grand-jaen-certamen-miss-grand-espana/) on April 11, 2024 . Retrieved April 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2017result_2-0) "Certamen Miss Grand España" (https://archive.today/20240411151224/https://www.alcazar-reina.es/destacados/95-certamen-miss-grand-espana) . www.alcazar-reina.es (in Spanish). 2017. Archived from the original (https://www.alcazar-reina.es/destacados/95-certamen-miss-grand-espana) on April 11, 2024 . Retrieved April 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-res17_3-0) "Mariana Rico, Miss Grand Spain 2017: "Me gustaría Romper el Esquema de Guapa y Tonta" (https://archive.today/20220307182822/http://sevillamagazine.es/mariana-rico-miss-grand-spain-2017-me-gustaria-romper-el-esquema-de-guapa-y-tonta/) . sevillamagazine.es . 2017. Archived from the original (https://sevillamagazine.es/mariana-rico-miss-grand-spain-2017-me-gustaria-romper-el-esquema-de-guapa-y-tonta/) on March 7, 2022 . Retrieved April 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-jean2017_4-0) Alberto Román (June 6, 2017). "Alba María Lara Gallego fue coronada en Úbeda como 'Miss Grand Jaén 2017' (https://web.archive.org/web/20211101022137/https://ubeda.ideal.es/ubeda/noticias/201706/05/alba-maria-lara-gallego-20170605181609.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.th%2F) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20211101022137/https://ubeda.ideal.es/ubeda/noticias/201706/05/alba-maria-lara-gallego-20170605181609.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.th%2F) . Ideal (/wiki/Ideal_(newspaper)) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (https://ubeda.ideal.es/ubeda/noticias/201706/05/alba-maria-lara-gallego-20170605181609.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.th%2F) on November 1, 2021 . Retrieved November 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2017result2_5-0) "Carolina Santos, segunda finalista en el certamen de belleza Miss Grand Spain" (https://archive.today/20240411152625/https://lavozdelviso.com/2017/07/10/carolina-santos-segunda-finalista-en-el-certamen-de-belleza-miss-grand-spain/) . lavozdelviso.com (in Spanish). July 10, 2017. Archived from the original (https://lavozdelviso.com/2017/07/10/carolina-santos-segunda-finalista-en-el-certamen-de-belleza-miss-grand-spain/) on April 11, 2024 . Retrieved April 11, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-y2017_6-0) Alberto Román (June 5, 2017). "Alba María Lara Gallego fue coronada en Úbeda como 'Miss Grand Jaén 2017' (https://archive.today/20240412183840/https://ubeda.ideal.es/ubeda/noticias/201706/05/alba-maria-lara-gallego-20170605181609.html) " (https://archive.today/20240412183840/https://ubeda.ideal.es/ubeda/noticias/201706/05/alba-maria-lara-gallego-20170605181609.html) . ubeda.ideal.es . Archived from the original (https://ubeda.ideal.es/ubeda/noticias/201706/05/alba-maria-lara-gallego-20170605181609.html) on April 12, 2024 . Retrieved April 14, 2024 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miss Grand Spain . 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Kazakh businesswoman and socialite This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Goga Ashkenazi" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Goga+Ashkenazi%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Goga+Ashkenazi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Goga+Ashkenazi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Goga+Ashkenazi%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Goga+Ashkenazi%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Goga+Ashkenazi%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Goga Ashkenazi Гога Ашкенази Born Gaukhar Yerkinovna Berkalieva [1] (#cite_note-forbes-1) ( 1980-02-01 ) 1 February 1980 (age 44) Taraz (/wiki/Taraz) , Zhambyl Oblast (/wiki/Jambyl_Region) , Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) , USSR (/wiki/Soviet_Union) Citizenship Kazakh [2] (#cite_note-2) Education Somerville College, Oxford (/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford) Occupation(s) Entrepreneur Businesswoman Spouse Stefan Ashkenazy ( m. 2003⁠–⁠2007) [3] (#cite_note-standard2010-3) Children 2 Relatives Severyn Ashkenazy (/wiki/Severyn_Ashkenazy) (former father-in-law) Goga Ashkenazi (born Gaukhar Yerkinovna Berkalieva ; Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakh_language) : Гауһар Еркінқызы Берқалиева , Gauhar Erkınqyzy Berqalieva ; 1 February 1980) is a Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakhs) businesswoman and socialite. She is the founder and CEO of MunaiGaz Engineering Group, a Kazakh oil and gas conglomerate. Since 2012, she has been head of the fashion label Vionnet (/wiki/Vionnet_(company)) , based in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . [4] (#cite_note-nymag-4) [5] (#cite_note-wmag2014-5) Early life and education [ edit ] Ashkenazi was born in the Zhambyl Oblast (/wiki/Jambyl_Region) , Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) . She was raised in Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , where her father, engineer Yerkin Berkaliev, was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union) under Mikhail Gorbachev (/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev) . Her mother, Saule, has degrees in both engineering and medicine. She has a sister, Meruert, who is 10 years older. [6] (#cite_note-times2013-6) After the fall of the Soviet Union (/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union) in 1991, her family returned to Kazakhstan. Eager for their daughter to get a competitive education, her parents sent the 12-year-old Goga to boarding school in England. [4] (#cite_note-nymag-4) She first attended Buckswood Grange School (/wiki/Buckswood_School) in East Sussex followed by Stowe School (/wiki/Stowe_School) , but was rusticated (/wiki/Rustication_(academia)) after being caught kissing a boy. [3] (#cite_note-standard2010-3) [6] (#cite_note-times2013-6) She then attended Rugby School (/wiki/Rugby_School) , earning five A levels. She studied at Somerville College, Oxford (/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford) , graduating in 2001 with a degree in modern history and economics. [6] (#cite_note-times2013-6) [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Career [ edit ] After leaving Oxford, Ashkenazi worked at investment banking firms, including Merrill Lynch (/wiki/Merrill_Lynch) and Morgan Stanley (/wiki/Morgan_Stanley) in London and ABN AMRO (/wiki/ABN_AMRO) in Hong Kong. [6] (#cite_note-times2013-6) In 2003, Ashkenazi founded the MunaiGaz Engineering Group with her sister, Meruert. [3] (#cite_note-standard2010-3) The company constructs compressor stations for gas pipelines and tunnelling operations for utility networks, gas turbine and diesel plants. Ashkenazi took over Vionnet (/wiki/Vionnet_(company)) in 2012. She says she spent a year in Italy studying art, design, fashion and the Italian (/wiki/Italian_language) language. [8] (#cite_note-harpers-8) Ashkenazi is also on the board of Ivanhoe Mining Group. [3] (#cite_note-standard2010-3) Personal life [ edit ] At age 23, she met and married American Stefan Ashkenazy, whose father Severyn Ashkenazy (/wiki/Severyn_Ashkenazy) founded the L'Ermitage Hotel Group (/wiki/L%27Ermitage_Beverly_Hills) . [6] (#cite_note-times2013-6) The couple separated in 2004 and divorced in 2007, but she retained his last name, albeit with a different spelling due to a typo on her Russian passport. Her parents are both sworn atheists as members of the Communist Party, but her father is of Muslim (/wiki/Muslim) background and Goga is Jewish through her maternal grandmother. Halachically Jewish (/wiki/Halakha) , Goga notes she did not need to convert to marry Ashkenazy in a Jewish ceremony. She also says that in her purse she carries a page from a 1,200-year-old Torah (/wiki/Torah) . [4] (#cite_note-nymag-4) Ashkenazi had an extramarital affair with billionaire Timur Kulibayev (/wiki/Timur_Kulibayev) , the son-in-law of the president of Kazakhstan (/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev) . [3] (#cite_note-standard2010-3) [9] (#cite_note-ft2013-9) She and Kulibayev have two sons: Adam, born in 2007 and Alan, born in 2012. She divides her time between Milan, where she works on Vionnet, and London, where her children live. [4] (#cite_note-nymag-4) [6] (#cite_note-times2013-6) She is close friends with Prince Andrew, Duke of York (/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York) , [3] (#cite_note-standard2010-3) [6] (#cite_note-times2013-6) as well as banker Nathaniel Rothschild (/wiki/Nathaniel_Rothschild,_5th_Baron_Rothschild) , real estate developer Nick Candy (/wiki/Christian_and_Nick_Candy) , Duran Duran band member Nick Rhodes (/wiki/Nick_Rhodes) and Lord Edward Spencer-Churchill. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Her first name, Gaukhar, means diamond in Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakh_language) , while her sister Meruert's name means pearl (/wiki/Pearl) . [3] (#cite_note-standard2010-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-forbes_1-0) "Ограбление не портит Гоге настроение" (http://forbes.kz/woman/ograblenie_ne_portit_goge_nastroenie) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) Kazakhstan (in Russian). 15 January 2013 . Retrieved 3 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kerbaj, Richard (17 March 2013). "Kazakh millionaire fights Home Office visa ban" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052645/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article1231093.ece) . The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) . Archived from the original (http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article1231093.ece) on 29 May 2014 . Retrieved 3 October 2015 . ^ a b c d e f g Slater, Lydia (3 June 2010). "High flyer – Goga Ashkenazi takes over the world" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/high-flyer-goga-ashkenazi-takes-over-the-world-6476649.html) . London Evening Standard (/wiki/London_Evening_Standard) . Retrieved 3 October 2015 . ^ a b c d Konigsberg, Eric (11 February 2015). "Goga Ashkenazi: Fashion's First Female Oligarch" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2015/02/goga-ashkenazi-vionnet.html) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Retrieved 3 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-wmag2014_5-0) Bagley, Christopher (28 March 2014). "Gaga for Goga" (http://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/2011/09/gaga-for-goga/) . W Magazine (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180815120850/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/gaga-for-goga) from the original on 15 August 2018 . Retrieved 30 July 2020 . ^ a b c d e f g Slater, Lydia (6 April 2013). "Goga Ashkenazi: not your average oligarch" (http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/magazine/article3728850.ece) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . Retrieved 3 October 2015 . ^ a b Burrell, Ian (12 March 2011). "Goga Ashkenazi: By royal ascent" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/goga-ashkenazi-by-royal-ascent-2239797.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 20 July 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-harpers_8-0) Martin, J.J. (13 October 2013). "Vionnet's Lady Goga" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/interiors-entertaining/advice/a1101/fashionable-life-goga-ashkenazi-vionnet-1113/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . ^ (#cite_ref-ft2013_9-0) Kuper, Simon (21 June 2013). "Lunch with the FT: Goga Ashkenazi" (https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/b011a812-d8da-11e2-84fa-00144feab7de.html) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . Retrieved 3 October 2015 . External links [ edit ] Profile at Vionnet.com (https://web.archive.org/web/20160520183008/http://www.vionnet.com/goga-ashkenazi) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐kgqd8 Cached time: 20240720015839 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.484 seconds Real time usage: 0.657 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2763/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34727/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4171/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40279/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.324/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 22423018/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 626.449 1 -total 32.57% 204.012 1 Template:Infobox_person 22.08% 138.335 1 Template:Reflist 19.01% 119.065 9 Template:Cite_news 16.09% 100.765 1 Template:Lang-kk 15.13% 94.800 1 Template:Short_description 14.48% 90.702 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 10.71% 67.122 1 Template:Marriage 9.97% 62.488 19 Template:Main_other 9.59% 60.100 1 Template:BLP_sources Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48029302-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720015839 and revision id 1211439421. 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(Redirected from Safari suit (/w/index.php?title=Safari_suit&redirect=no) ) Hip-length, belted jacket with two sets of patch pockets and a notched collar Safari jacket A safari jacket or bush jacket also known as a “shacket” is a garment originally designed for the purpose of going on safari (/wiki/Safari) in the African bush. When paired with trousers or shorts, it becomes a safari suit. [1] (#cite_note-1) A safari jacket is commonly a lightweight cotton drill (/wiki/Drill_(fabric)) or lighter poplin (/wiki/Poplin) jacket, traditionally khaki (/wiki/Khaki) in color, with a self-belt, epaulets, four or more expandable bellows pockets and often with cartridge loops. History [ edit ] M. 1943 safari jacket (sahariana) of the Spanish Army (/wiki/Spanish_Army) in Spanish Sahara (/wiki/Spanish_Sahara) Lightweight, light-coloured uniforms were worn by European soldiers serving in warm climates from the 19th century and, little altered, throughout World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . [2] (#cite_note-brayley-2) They typically featured epaulettes (/wiki/Epaulette) , pleated pockets, belts and other features later found on safari jackets. The earliest reference to a 'safari suit' listed in The Oxford English Dictionary [3] (#cite_note-OED-3) is from an American newspaper in 1935. In 1936, author and adventurer Ernest Hemingway (/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway) designed a 'bush jacket' which was made by Willis & Geiger Outfitters (/wiki/Willis_%26_Geiger_Outfitters) . In 1939, Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) advertised safari jackets, shorts and trousers, of 'coat shirt style' for sports and leisure wear. [4] (#cite_note-larson-4) Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche "Safari" jacket (1968) In the 1960s and 1970s, safari suits became fashionable thanks to designer versions for men and women by, for example, French designers Ted Lapidus (/wiki/Ted_Lapidus) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , both of whom are among those credited with inventing and popularising the look. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Australia [ edit ] Charles and Diana visit Ayers Rock (/wiki/Ayers_Rock) (Uluru), Australia, March 1983 The safari suit is popularly associated with Australian fashion in the 1970s. It was sometimes worn by the former South Australian Premier (/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia) Don Dunstan (/wiki/Don_Dunstan) . [7] (#cite_note-marks-7) On 7 March 1974, male politicians in the Northern Territory (/wiki/Northern_Territory) were given permission by the Speaker of the House Les MacFarlane (/wiki/Les_MacFarlane) to wear safari suits during sittings of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly (/wiki/Northern_Territory_Legislative_Assembly) . It was granted at the request of the Leader of the Opposition, Mr Jon Isaacs (/wiki/Jon_Isaacs) . The Speaker of the House said: Honourable members, I have received a further request that the standard of male dress be relaxed to include safari jackets. I have been in touch with the federal parliament (/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia) and I find that the Speaker, Sir Billy Snedden (/wiki/Billy_Snedden) , is allowing safari jackets with shirt and tie. He also allows one member to wear a safari jacket over an open-necked shirt. Therefore, I have decided to accept safari jackets as suitable dress in the Assembly. I must say that I do this very reluctantly because I feel that we have relaxed our standards too far. However, the precedent has been set. I might add that I will not allow T-shirts. Charles, Prince of Wales (/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales) famously wore a safari suit on his visit to Ayers Rock (/wiki/Ayers_Rock) with Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) in 1983. [ citation needed ] India [ edit ] Soviet Summer M1988 Afghanka (/wiki/Afghanka) field uniform (safari suit). In India, the safari suit gained popularity through the 1970s influenced to a large degree by films ( James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) / Roger Moore (/wiki/Roger_Moore) ) and some fashions trends from the west for warmer climates. The safari suit in India gained prominence when local synthetic fibre manufacture and supply was significantly increased in the later half of the 1970s. Reliance Industries (/wiki/Reliance_Industries) and other textile manufactures set up synthetic fibre plants in India significantly reducing the price of synthetic fibre and the Indian middle class jumped at the opportunity to be well dressed in a fabric which, though unsuited to India's climate was fairly cheap, easy to maintain and long-lasting. [8] (#cite_note-subramanian-8) The safari suit continued to be the de facto business attire, particularly in government/public sectors and the SMB arena in India, through the late-1990s. With India's growth over the 1990s, liberalization and with the middle class suddenly having more disposable income, the younger generations began to gravitate towards more modern western fashions such as suits and other business attire. Although it is still visible in some parts of India, the Safari suit is now indelibly associated with the so-called License Raj (/wiki/License_Raj) —the slow, inefficient Indian bureaucracy of the 1970s and the 1980s. Revival [ edit ] Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad) is known for his safari suits [9] (#cite_note-9) Beginning in the mid 2010s (/wiki/2010s_fashion) , a variant of the bush jacket, known as a shirt jacket or shacket , underwent a revival in the UK and Europe due to the popularisation of vintage workwear (/wiki/Workwear) by the hipster subculture (/wiki/Hipster_subculture) . [10] (#cite_note-10) These were frequently made from blue denim, cambric (/wiki/Cambric) , seersucker (/wiki/Seersucker) , heavy cotton in olive green or khaki (/wiki/Khaki) , natural linen, or camouflage (/wiki/Combat_uniform) cloth, and featured patch pockets (/wiki/Patch_pocket) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Some had the epaulets (/wiki/Epaulet) , belt, and pocket flaps of the traditional safari jacket, while others did not. [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) Khaki drill (/wiki/Khaki_drill) Leisure suit (/wiki/Leisure_suit) Kaunda suit (/w/index.php?title=Kaunda_suit&action=edit&redlink=1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Breen Burns, Janice (30 June 2007). "Want to look cool? Get a safari suit" (http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/want-to-look-cool-get-a-safari-suit/2007/06/29/1182624171515.html) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Retrieved 15 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-brayley_2-0) Martin Brayley (/w/index.php?title=Martin_Brayley&action=edit&redlink=1) , Armies of the Raj , Osprey Publishing, 2012, page 36. ^ (#cite_ref-OED_3-0) "Safari" (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/169670) . The Oxford English Dictionary . Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . Retrieved 23 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-larson_4-0) Larson, Lesli (10 November 2011). "Shopping from 1939: Abercrombie and Fitch" (http://archivalclothing.com/shopping-from-1939-abercrombie-and-fitch) . Retrieved 23 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Safari suit designer Ted Lapidus dies, buried with Oscar Wilde" (http://www.couriermail.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/safari-suit-designer-dies/story-e6frer4o-1111118436606) . The Courier Mail (/wiki/The_Courier_Mail) . 29 December 2008 . Retrieved 15 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Shaeffer, Claire B. (2011). Couture sewing techniques (Rev. and updated ed.). Newtown, CT: Taunton Press. p. 110. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781600853357 . ^ (#cite_ref-marks_7-0) Marks, Kathy (18 March 2008). "The turbulent times of Don Dunstan, a revolutionary in hotpants" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/the-turbulent-times-of-don-dunstan-a-revolutionary-in-hotpants-797146.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 23 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-subramanian_8-0) Subramanian, Samanth (29 June 2011). "Hail the safari suit, vanished symbol of 'modern' India" (http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/south-asia/hail-the-safari-suit-vanished-symbol-of-modern-india) . The National (/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)) . Retrieved 29 June 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Peletz, Michael G. (2020). Sharia Transformations: Cultural Politics and the Rebranding of an Islamic Judiciary . University of California Press. p. 160. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Best Overshirts & Shackets You Can Buy In 2018" (http://www.fashionbeans.com/2016/10-of-the-best-mens-shackets-and-overshirts/) . Fashion Beans. 25 October 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "How To Rock The Shirtjacket (In Any Season)" (https://www.dmarge.com/2015/10/how-to-wear-mens-shirtjacket.html) . D'Marge. 14 October 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "What is a Shacket and How to Wear One" (https://theidleman.com/manual/advice/how-to-wear/what-is-a-shacket-and-how-to-wear-one-2/) . The Idle Man. 6 September 2017. v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) 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(Redirected from Clay mask (/w/index.php?title=Clay_mask&redirect=no) ) Pasted mask for facial cosmetic treatment This article is about facial masks. For other uses, see Face mask (/wiki/Face_mask_(disambiguation)) . A woman wearing a facial mask. A facial mask is a creamy or thick pasted mask applied to the face for cleansing or skin-smoothing purposes. Facial masks often contain minerals (/wiki/Minerals) , vitamins (/wiki/Vitamins) , and fruit extracts (/wiki/Fruit_extracts) , such as cactus (/wiki/Cactus) and cucumber (/wiki/Cucumber) . A sheet mask is a piece of paper, cellulose (/wiki/Cellulose) or fabric used to apply a facial mask. The first facial mask was invented in Ohio, United States (/wiki/Ohio) , during the 19th century by Madame Rowley. It was called the "Toilet Mask" or the first "face glove", and was advertised as able to 'bleach, purify and preserve the complexion' of the skin. It was patented in 1875. There are different kinds of masks for different purposes; some are deep cleansing for cleaning the pores. The perceived effect of a facial mask treatment can be revitalizing, rejuvenating or refreshing. Although widely believed to provide tighter pores, increased skin clarity, and a reduction in facial skin wrinkles, masks have not been shown to be any more effective at accomplishing these things than a standard moisturizing lotion. [1] (#cite_note-Carlson1996-1) Some masks are washed off with tepid water, others are peeled off by hand. Duration for wearing a mask depends on type of mask, but can be three minutes to 30 minutes, and sometimes the whole night. Honey (/wiki/Honey) is a very popular mask because it smooths skin, and cleans pores. A popular home remedy (/wiki/Home_remedy) [2] (#cite_note-2) includes a slice of cucumber (/wiki/Cucumber) on the eyes. [3] (#cite_note-Loughran2002-3) Some also use pickle juice. [4] (#cite_note-bust_ITri-4) Facial masks should be selected according to skin type (/wiki/Skin_type) . Clay (/wiki/Clay) and mud masks (/wiki/Peloid) suit oily skin (/wiki/Oily_skin) ; cream-based masks work best on dry skin (/wiki/Dry_skin) types. Masks should be used only on cleansed skin for the best results. Firming masks should not be applied on the eye area because they can cause itching (/wiki/Itch) . [5] (#cite_note-ToedtKoza2005-5) See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Facial mask . Cleanser (/wiki/Cleanser) Facial (/wiki/Facial) Moisturizer (/wiki/Moisturizer) Anti-aging cream (/wiki/Anti-aging_cream) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Carlson1996_1-0) Karen J. Carlson (1996). The Harvard Guide to Women's Health . Harvard University Press. p. 574 (https://archive.org/details/harvardguidetowo00carl/page/574) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-674-36768-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) 5 Amazing Homemade Anti-Aging Face Masks , archived from the original (https://emotionified.com/homemade-anti-aging-face-masks) on 23 July 2021 , retrieved 24 July 2021 ^ (#cite_ref-Loughran2002_3-0) Joni Loughran (2002). Natural Skin Care . B. Jain Publishers. pp. 113–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7021-995-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-bust_ITri_4-0) Leiva, Courtney (2015-07-14). "I Tried Putting A Pickle Juice Toner On My Face" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/96535-i-used-pickle-juice-for-skin-discovered-these-salty-treats-are-good-for-more-than) . Bustle . Retrieved 2018-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-ToedtKoza2005_5-0) John Toedt; Darrell Koza; Kathleen Van Cleef-Toedt (2005). Chemical Composition of Everyday Products . Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 31 (https://archive.org/details/chemicalcomposit0000toed/page/31) –. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-32579-3 . 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All Walks Beyond The Catwalk The All Walks Beyond The Catwalk logo. Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1 May 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009-05-01 ) London (/wiki/London) , U.K (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Founders Caryn Franklin (/wiki/Caryn_Franklin) , Debra Bourne (/wiki/Debra_Bourne) and Erin O’Connor (/wiki/Erin_O%E2%80%99Connor) Website allwalks (http://allwalks.org) .org (http://allwalks.org) All Walks Beyond The Catwalk [1] (#cite_note-1) is an initiative founded by Caryn Franklin (/wiki/Caryn_Franklin) , Debra Bourne (/wiki/Debra_Bourne) and Erin O’Connor (/wiki/Erin_O%E2%80%99Connor) [2] (#cite_note-2) in 2009 to challenge what it considers the fashion industry's dependence on unachievable and limited body and beauty ideals. It has contributed to a variety of parliamentary campaigns, and has presented its education program at 33 colleges and universities. Origin [ edit ] All Walks Beyond The Catwalk launched during London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in May 2009, when Susan Ringwood, [3] (#cite_note-3) the then Chief Executive of Beat (/wiki/Beat_(charity)) , asked: "Was it possible to show fashion on a range of inspiring bodies?" Before fashion and diversity became prominent topics of discussion for businesses and consumers, Franklin, Bourne and O'Connor formed the All Walks initiative to campaign for the fashion industry to recognise the psychological impact of its messaging on the minds of young women and men, and to take more responsibility for the consequences. Notable collaborators with the organization include William Tempest (/wiki/William_Tempest) , Hannah Marshall (/wiki/Hannah_Marshall_(fashion_designer)) , David Koma (/wiki/David_Koma) , Mark Fast, [4] (#cite_note-4) Georgia Hardinge (/wiki/Georgia_Hardinge) , Rankin (/wiki/Rankin_(photographer)) [5] (#cite_note-5) and i-D magazine (/wiki/I-D_magazine) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Campaigns [ edit ] All Walks Beyond The Catwalk have created a number of press campaigns to highlight the impact of imagery in the fashion industry. It has been featured in national and international news and current affairs programmes, and in lifestyle print media. In 2009, eight new designers—William Tempest, Hannah Marshall, David Koma, Alexandra Groover, Avsh Alom Gur, Cooperative Designs, Mark Fast and Georgia Hardinge—were selected by a panel of industry experts to create a look representative of their Spring/Summer 2010 collections, focusing on diversity. Shot by award-winning photographer Kayt Jones, and featured in the Pre-fall 09 issue of i-D magazine, the images provided the context for the All Walks Beyond the Catwalk launch party at Somerset House (/wiki/Somerset_House) , sponsored by Marks and Spencer (/wiki/Marks_and_Spencer) , on the opening night of London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) 2009. Among the guests were the then-Prime Minister's wife Sarah Brown (/wiki/Sarah_Jane_Brown) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2010, photographers Alice Hale and Matt Rittson set up a live photo booth throughout London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) to capture the portraits of diverse and individual personalities. One hundred and sixty people were photographed and the resultant images formed a living exhibition, entitled Everybody Counts . Launched in association with i-D Magazine (/wiki/I-D_Magazine) , [8] (#cite_note-8) DiversityNow! is an award given to young people from across 33 colleges in the UK since 2013. It is open to any student in full-time or part-time education on any fashion, textiles, jewellery & accessory, graphic design, photography, journalism or illustration course, and is intended to encourage young creative people to consider diversity within their work. Another campaign, Snapped , [ when? ] highlights the relationship between fashion and the way we view our identity. Fashion photographer Rankin (/wiki/Rankin_(photographer)) [9] (#cite_note-9) photographed a range of models that were later exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Education [ edit ] All Walks Beyond The Catwalk have engaged with 33 different colleges and universities, providing lectures across the UK aimed at inspiring undergraduates to change practice within their chosen field. Since launching in 2009, several colleges have changed their curriculum to include 'Diversity' as a module: Edinburgh College of Art (/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art) , The Arts University College at Bournemouth (/wiki/The_Arts_University_College_at_Bournemouth) , Nottingham Trent University (/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University) , Ravensbourne (/wiki/Ravensbourne_(college)) , Portsmouth University (/wiki/Portsmouth_University) and Toronto Metropolitan University (/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University) in Toronto. [ citation needed ] Diversity Network [ edit ] In June 2011, All Walks created the Diversity Network in collaboration with Edinburgh College of Art (/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art) . Launched in conjunction with government minister Lynne Featherstone, it promotes "emotionally considerate" design and practice through educational methods and research. The course is led by Director Mal Burkinshaw [11] (#cite_note-11) and connects academics across the UK, facilitating knowledge exchange and the sharing of best practice on the theme of diversity and engagement with users’ needs and feelings. As well as showcasing new academic projects relating to diversity, it promotes these values within the fashion industry, and to fashion designers and opinion formers of the future. In April 2013, The Diversity Network held the Body Talks symposium at Inspace in the University of Edinburgh (/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh) . The key speakers were from H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , All Walks, the charity BODY and the Vestoj-Journal of Sartorial Matters and they attracted a multidisciplinary audience of people at all career stages, leading to a student project with H&M. Diversity Network partners have played a leading role in Beauty by Design: Fashioning the Renaissance, a multidisciplinary project bringing together art historical research with contemporary fashion design to stimulate debate about beauty and body image. Launched at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery (/wiki/Scottish_National_Portrait_Gallery) in September 2012, the project culminated in a major exhibition at the Gallery which ran from November 2014 to January 2015 and attracted over 152,000 visitors. Building on previous funding from the Research and Knowledge Exchange Office at the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Science, the Royal Society of Edinburgh (/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh) (RSE) has awarded the Diversity Network funding to design new cultures of communication for fashion industries. [ clarification needed ] The project will work towards the Diversity Network Fashion Forum 2018, to demonstrate to the public how fashion can be used to promote and increase self-esteem. In addition to research, the Diversity Network educates students on the importance of developing a more responsible, diverse and emotionally considerate response to fashion design and communication. For example, all fashion design projects at ECA now require the students to consider how their work will cater for the needs of a customer base varied in size, age, race and height. Advocacy [ edit ] All Walks Beyond The Catwalk have contributed to a variety of parliamentary campaigns and initiatives on how diversity and individuality in fashion can make an impact in the wider world. The organisation is part of the UK government expert advisory committee on body confidence, previously chaired by former Equalities Ministers Lynne Featherstone (/wiki/Lynne_Featherstone) and Jo Swinson (/wiki/Jo_Swinson) . [ needs update ] In 2012, All Walks collaborated with MP Caroline Nokes (/wiki/Caroline_Nokes) to create the first Body Confidence Awards from Parliament. [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] Internet portal (/wiki/Portal:Internet) Beat (charity) (/wiki/Beat_(charity)) British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) Immodesty Blaize (/wiki/Immodesty_Blaize) Kelly Knox (/wiki/Kelly_Knox) Minister for Women and Equalities (/wiki/Minister_for_Women_and_Equalities) Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) Skunk Anansie (/wiki/Skunk_Anansie) We the People (/wiki/We_the_People_(petitioning_system)) – Whitehouse.gov petition website External links [ edit ] All Walks Beyond a The Catwalk Website (http://www.allwalks.org/) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "SMK Creating Change within Business Award" (http://www.smk.org.uk/campaigners-award/) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Groskop, Viv (13 February 2011). "Supermodel Erin O'Connor slams fashion world for lying to women" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/feb/13/erin-connor-fashion-images) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ringwood, Susan (25 May 2012). "There's no point shaming people about their body shape" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/may/25/shaming-people-boy-shape-georgia-davies) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "London Fashion Week: catwalk row over size 14 models = Fisher, Alice" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/sep/20/london-fashion-week-mark-fast) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . 20 September 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rankin's Women" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/rankin-erin-o-connor-exhibition/) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "All Walks Beyond The Catwalk" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_gb/topic/all-walks-beyond-the-catwalk) . i-D Magazine (/wiki/I-D_Magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gavan, Ian (17 September 2009). "All Walks Beyond The Catwalk Runway: London Fashion Week 2010" (http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Sarah+Brown/Walks+Beyond+Catwalk+Runway+London+Fashion/7kwUdQ-8RBe) . Zimbio.com (/wiki/Zimbio.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "And The Winning Studentds Are" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_gb/article/diversity-now-the-winning-students-are/) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Rankin's Women" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/rankin-erin-o-connor-exhibition/) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Fashion celebrates diversity" (http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/news/g11074/fashion-celebrates-diversity/) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Diversity Network - Beauty By Design" (http://www.eca.ed.ac.uk/school-of-design/research/projects/diversity-network-beauty-by-design) . Edinburgh College of Art (/wiki/Edinburgh_College_of_Art) . 25 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "And the Body Confidence Awards Nominees Are..." 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American designer fashion clothing brand Logo Perry Ellis is an American designer fashion clothing brand owned by Perry Ellis International (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) founded by eponymous American designer Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) . In June 2003, Perry Ellis merged with Salant Corporation , manufacturer of the brand's clothes, for about $80 million. The combined company offers about 25 brands. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Perry Ellis, with his parent company (/wiki/Parent_company) The Vera Companies (/wiki/The_Vera_Companies) , founded his own fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) , Perry Ellis International, in 1978. He opened his showroom on New York (/wiki/New_York_City) 's Seventh Avenue (/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)) . As chairman (/wiki/Chairman) and head designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) he started the Perry Ellis Menswear Collection. Perry Ellis won eight Coty Awards (/wiki/Coty_Award) between 1979 and 1984 (the last year that they were given) and a Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA) Award in 1983. He served as President of the CFDA in 1984 Ellis' colleague, Richard Haines, attributed to him "classic with a twist." Perry Ellis said he was inspired "to design clothes that are more obtainable, more relaxed, but ultimately more stylish and witty." [2] (#cite_note-2) Marc Jacobs for Perry Ellis Sweater, Fall/ Winter 1990. Adnan Ege Kutay Collection. In early 1986, Robert L. McDonald, a former film producer (/wiki/Film_producer) and friend of Ellis, succeeded Laughlin Barker, Ellis' domestic partner (/wiki/Domestic_partner) , who had died in January of that year as president (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) of Perry Ellis International (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) . After Ellis' death in May 1986, McDonald announced that under the terms of Ellis' will (/wiki/Will_(law)) he had full control of the company in trust (/wiki/Trust_(law)) for Ellis' heirs (/wiki/Heirs) . "Perry wanted us to continue, of course", he said of the fashion house's future. McDonald led the company through setbacks and challenges. Recommended to McDonald by the fashion director of Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , a Parsons (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) graduate who started his own label (/wiki/Brand_name) in 1986 and became head designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) of Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) in 1997, designed for the house (/wiki/Fashion_house) of Perry Ellis from 1988 to 1993. In 1986, Manhattan Industries (/wiki/Manhattan_Industries) , the parent (/wiki/Parent_company) of The Vera Companies (the owner of Perry Ellis), was sold to Salant, a licensee (/wiki/Licensee) of Perry Ellis. From then, Perry Ellis was acquired (/wiki/Takeover) by Supreme Inc., a Miami-based textile concern, in 1999. The company's shares rose from $1.625 to $16 in January following the acquisition. [3] (#cite_note-3) Supreme was then renamed Perry Ellis International (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) . In 2003, in turn, Perry Ellis International (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) acquired (/wiki/Takeover) Salant. The corporation has since then acquired (/wiki/Takeover) various other textile companies, such as Original Penguin (/wiki/Original_Penguin) and golf (/wiki/Golf) brand (/wiki/Brand) Ping Collection, among many others. Brands [ edit ] Salant acquired closely held Axis Clothing Corp. in 2002, a year before being acquired in 2003 by Perry Ellis. The Axis LA brand clothing company was based in Culver City (/wiki/Culver_City) . Axis sells men's sweaters, pants, jeans and shirts in U.S. department stores (/wiki/Department_store) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Awards and distinctions [ edit ] In Ellis' time, he earned eight Coty American Fashion Critics' Awards (/wiki/Coty_American_Fashion_Critics%27_Awards) from the cosmetics and perfume company Coty, Inc. He was presented with the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA) Fashion Award in 1981. In 1986, the annual Perry Ellis Award—now known as the Swarovski Emerging Talent Award—was created to honor emerging fashion designers. The first designer to receive it in 1986 was David Cameron. Recent winners include Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) in 2004, Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) in 2005, and Trovata in 2006. In 1986, during the CFDA awards at New York's Lincoln Center a Special Tribute was awarded to Perry Ellis. Perry Ellis is honored with a commemorative white bronze plaque embedded into the sidewalk on New York's Seventh "Fashion" Avenue in 2002. On the red carpet [ edit ] The Perry Ellis brand has made an impression on the red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) and in Hollywood. Perry Ellis has paired with Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) to host parties for nominated television series. Perry Ellis and Vanity Fair have held toasts and pre-Emmy parties for nominees including Heroes (/wiki/Heroes_(U.S._TV_series)) in 2007, 30 Rock (/wiki/30_Rock) in 2008, and The Office (/wiki/The_Office_(U.S._TV_series)) in 2010 at the Chateau Marmont (/wiki/Chateau_Marmont) in Los Angeles. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2011, Parks and Recreation (/wiki/Parks_and_Recreation) was toasted by Perry Ellis and Vanity Fair at the Eveleigh in West Hollywood. The brand has struck up a celebrity fan-base including Joe Manganiello (/wiki/Joe_Manganiello) of HBO's True Blood (/wiki/True_Blood) . In his interview with GQ (/wiki/GQ) backstage at the Perry Ellis Spring 2012 runway show Manganiello said, "I always told myself if 'I made it,' I'd look the part." [7] (#cite_note-7) B-list celebrities have repeatedly worn Perry Ellis ensembles on the red carpet. Glee (/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)) ' s Chris Colfer (/wiki/Chris_Colfer) wore a Perry Ellis outfit to the Outfest Film Festival Awards in 2010. NFL (/wiki/NFL) star Hank Baskett (/wiki/Hank_Baskett) , husband of Kendra Wilkinson (/wiki/Kendra_Wilkinson) , has worn Perry Ellis at several events including the Espy Awards for ESPN (/wiki/ESPN) . Perry Ellis attire has also been seen on personalities like E! Entertainment (/wiki/E!_Entertainment) 's Jason Kennedy (/wiki/Jason_Kennedy_(TV_personality)) . [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) Perry Ellis International (/wiki/Perry_Ellis_International) Fashion in the United States (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Perry Ellis completes Salant buy (http://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2003/06/30/weekinbiz1.html) . Jun 30, 2003. South Florida Business Journal . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Perry Ellis Still Has Something to Say" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/12/fashion/a-designers-legacy-lives-on-in-mens-wear.html) . The New York Times . 12 April 2012 . Retrieved 12 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Company News; Supreme International Agrees to Acquire Perry Ellis" (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/30/business/company-news-supreme-international-agrees-to-acquire-perry-ellis.html) . The New York Times . 30 January 1999. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Perry Ellis Maker Acquires Axis Clothing" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jan-05-fi-rup5.1-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . 2002-01-05 . Retrieved 2023-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Brands" (http://www.delberts.com/brands.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kallon, Catherine (2 September 2010). "Perry Ellis and Vanity Fair Celebrate "The Office" - Emily Blunt In Giambattista Valli" (https://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2010/09/02/perry-ellis-and-vanity-fair-celebrate-the-office-emily-blunt-in-giambattista-valli/) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Fashion – WWD" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/joe-manganiello-talks-fashion-movies-at-perry-ellis-5164595) . Retrieved 12 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Blog and News - PAi INC : Paramount Apparel International : Fashion is Paramount" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161013144011/http://paifashion.com/blog/hank_baskett_spotted_in_perry_ellis_headwear/) . Archived from the original (http://paifashion.com/blog/hank_baskett_spotted_in_perry_ellis_headwear/) on 2016-10-13 . Retrieved 12 October 2016 . External links [ edit ] Perry Ellis - e-commerce site (http://www.perryellis.com/) Picture of Perry Ellis (early 1980s) (http://hivlearning.tripod.com/images/bios/ellis_perry.jpg) Picture of Perry Ellis' plaque on the Fashion Walk of Fame in New York (https://web.archive.org/web/20060202201310/http://www.fashioncenter.com/WalkofFame/Images/EllisPlaque.jpg) Sources [ edit ] Announcement of Perry Ellis' death in the (https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50715FC3F550C728FDDAC0894DE484D81) New York Times – May 31, 1986 (https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50715FC3F550C728FDDAC0894DE484D81) 2001 W magazine article on Tyler Alexandra Gallagher Ellis, Perry Ellis' own daughter (http://prod-style.advancepubs.net/w/feat_story/060501/) [ permanent dead link ] Perry Ellis Fashion shoot at his high school, Woodrow Wilson (http://wwhsalumni.com/valivingFashion.pdf) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐86c6d655dc‐qwslm Cached time: 20240709022358 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.228 seconds Real time usage: 0.311 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 710/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13682/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1379/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25955/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.130/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4164458/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 273.394 1 -total 50.46% 137.961 1 Template:Reflist 41.12% 112.420 6 Template:Cite_web 29.87% 81.663 1 Template:Short_description 17.87% 48.863 1 Template:Dead_link 17.37% 47.489 2 Template:Pagetype 15.64% 42.751 1 Template:Fix 14.17% 38.731 2 Template:Category_handler 7.21% 19.725 5 Template:Main_other 6.12% 16.743 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:16274875-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709022358 and revision id 1158058615. 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1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 (/wiki/Category:1946_clothing) 1947 1890s 1900s (/wiki/Category:1900s_clothing) 1910s 1920s (/wiki/Category:1920s_clothing) 1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_clothing) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_clothing) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s 1980s (/wiki/Category:1980s_clothing) 1990s (/wiki/Category:1990s_clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐6hhb2 Cached time: 20240718161448 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.096 seconds Real time usage: 0.183 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 147/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4234/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 105/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 41/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.070/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1031552/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 176.033 1 -total 89.93% 158.309 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year 6.44% 11.329 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 4.11% 7.239 1 Template:Category_other 3.26% 5.744 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 2.68% 4.713 2 Template:Title_year 0.84% 1.482 1 Template:DECADE 0.79% 1.383 1 Template:Template_other 0.67% 1.188 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54781215-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718161448 and revision id 982830729. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "1942 clothing" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . P Popover (dress) (/wiki/Popover_(dress)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1942_clothing&oldid=982830729 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1942_clothing&oldid=982830729) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by year (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_year) 1942 works (/wiki/Category:1942_works) 1940s clothing (/wiki/Category:1940s_clothing) Hidden categories: Category series navigation year and decade (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_year_and_decade) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Season of television series Project Runway Season 16 No. of tasks 14 No. of contestants 16 Winner Kentaro Kameyama Release Original network Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) Original release August 17 ( 2017-08-17 ) – November 30, 2017 ( 2017-11-30 ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_15)) Next → Season 17 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_17)) Project Runway Season 16 is the sixteenth season of the television show Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , appearing on Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) . The season began on Thursday, August 17, 2017. [1] (#cite_note-1) There are 16 designers competing to become "the next great American designer." Supermodel Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) creative director Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garcia) , and fashion designer Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) are all returning as judges this season. Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) maintains his role as the workroom mentor. This was the last season to air on Lifetime and the last to feature Klum, Gunn, and Posen. Season 16 was the first time the show emphasized diversity and inclusivity in the size of its models, who ranged from sizes 0 to 22. [2] (#cite_note-2) Contestants [ edit ] Contestant Age Hometown Finish Outcome Vincent "ChaCha" Yu 24 Taipei, Taiwan (/wiki/Taipei,_Taiwan) Episode 1 16 Sentell McDonald 33 New York City, NY (/wiki/New_York_City,_NY) Episode 2 15 Kudzanai Karidza 32 Atlanta, GA (/wiki/Atlanta,_GA) Episode 3 14 Deyonte Weather 36 Lynnwood, WA (/wiki/Lynnwood,_WA) Episode 4 13 Aaron Myers 23 Brooklyn, NY (/wiki/Brooklyn,_NY) Episode 5 12 Samantha Rei 36 Minneapolis, MN (/wiki/Minneapolis,_MN) Episode 6 11 Shawn Buitendorp 27 Grand Ledge, MI (/wiki/Grand_Ledge,_MI) Episode 7 10 (quit) Claire Buitendorp 27 Grand Ledge, MI (/wiki/Grand_Ledge,_MI) Episode 8 9 (DQ) Batani Khalfani 32 Inglewood, CA (/wiki/Inglewood,_CA) Episode 9 8-7 Amy Bond 46 Los Angeles, CA (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_CA) Michael Brambila 25 Oakland, CA (/wiki/Oakland,_CA) Episode 10 6 Kenya Freeman 37 Atlanta, GA (/wiki/Atlanta,_GA) Episode 13 5 Margarita Alvarez 30 San Juan, Puerto Rico (/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico) Episode 14 4 Brandon Kee 24 San Francisco, CA (/wiki/San_Francisco,_CA) 3 Ayana Ife 27 Salt Lake City, UT (/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_UT) 2 Kentaro Kameyama 38 Los Angeles, CA (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_CA) 1 Batani was originally eliminated after Shawn, but returned to the competition following Claire's disqualification. Designer progress [ edit ] Designers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Kentaro IN IN LOW HIGH IN WIN HIGH HIGH IN LOW LOW ADV ADV WINNER Ayana IN WIN IN IN IN IN IN IN HIGH WIN HIGH ADV ADV RUNNER-UP Brandon HIGH HIGH WIN IN WIN IN HIGH WIN 2 (#endnote_2) HIGH HIGH WIN ADV ADV 3RD PLACE Margarita IN IN HIGH IN IN LOW WIN LOW HIGH HIGH SAFE ADV ADV 4TH PLACE Kenya HIGH HIGH IN LOW HIGH HIGH LOW HIGH IN HIGH HIGH ADV OUT Michael IN IN IN WIN HIGH IN IN LOW WIN OUT Amy IN LOW IN IN IN IN LOW IN OUT Batani LOW HIGH HIGH IN IN IN HIGH OUT OUT Claire IN LOW IN IN LOW LOW LOW DQ 2 (#endnote_2) Shawn LOW LOW IN HIGH IN HIGH WD 1 (#endnote_1) Samantha IN LOW 3 (#endnote_3) IN IN LOW OUT Aaron IN HIGH IN LOW OUT Deyonte WIN IN LOW OUT Kudzanai IN IN OUT Sentell IN OUT ChaCha OUT ^1 (#ref_1) : Claire and Shawn were the losing team, but the judges were unable to decide whom to eliminate, so they were tasked with creating a look in one hour to decide who is eliminated. Shawn forfeited the challenge to Claire and was eliminated. ^2 (#ref_2) : Claire won the challenge but was caught breaking the rules and was disqualified. The losing designer, Batani, was spared elimination. Due to Claire's disqualification, the winning designer was Brandon. His print will be available on coffee cups. ^3 (#ref_3) : Samantha was given positive critique despite being in a losing team. The designer won Project Runway Season 16. The designer advanced to Fashion Week. The designer won the challenge. The designer came in second but did not win the challenge. The designer had one of the highest scores for that challenge, but did not win. The designer had one of the lowest scores for that challenge, but was not eliminated. The designer was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated. The designer lost and was eliminated from the competition. The designer lost, but was brought back to the competition by Tim Gunn. The designer was disqualified from the competition. The designer withdrew from the competition. Model progress [ edit ] Model Progress Table Model 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 (#endnote_4) 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sanita MB SM AM AB BT KF CB – BK KF MA AI KT KT Meisha AB AI BT BK KT KT MA – MB AI BK KT AI AI (2ND) Liris BK CB DW KT MB MB SB – AI KT KF MA BK BK (3RD) Jazzmine BT BK CB DW MA SR MB – AB BK KT KF MA MA (4TH) Christina SB AM AB AI BK MA BK – KF MB AI BK KF Janine KF MA MB SB AI SB KT – KT MA OUT Sian AM AB AI BT CB CB KF – MA OUT Monique DW KF KD MB AM BT AI – BT OUT Colleen CB KT KF MA SB BK AB – OUT Lena KT KD MA SR AB AI BT – OUT Marsha AI BT BK CB KF AB OUT Yordanos CC DW KT KF SR OUT Samantha MA SR SB AM OUT Liz KD MB SR OUT Kylie SM SB OUT Katie SR OUT ^1 (#ref_4) : In episode 8, the designers had other clients as their models. The model was paired with the winning designer of Project Runway Season 16. The model wore the design that advanced the designer to fashion week. The model wore the winning design. The model wore the design with the second-highest score. The model wore the design with one of the highest scores but did not win. The model wore the design with one of the lowest scores. The model wore the design that landed in the bottom 2. The model wore the losing design. The model was eliminated. Model assignments [ edit ] Designer Legend Aaron Myers: AM Amy Bond: AB Ayana Ife: AI Batani-Khalfani: BT Brandon Kee: BK ChaCha: CC Claire Buitendorp: CB Deyonté Weather: DW Kentaro Kameyama: KT Kenya Freeman: KF Kudzanai Karidza: KD Margarita Alvarez: MA Michael Brambila: MB Samantha Rei: SR Sentell McDonald: SM Shawn Buitendorp: SB Episodes [ edit ] Sources: [3] (#cite_note-3) Episode 0: Road to the Runway [ edit ] Original airdate : August 10, 2017 (présentation des candidats) Episode 1: One Size Does Not Fit All [ edit ] Original airdate : August 17, 2017 The designers enter Season 16 in style as they must create a red carpet look that demonstrates their fashion point of view. But the real surprise comes when the designers learn they will be working with models of all sizes! Challenge: Create a red carpet look with your own signature style. Guest Judge: Olivia Munn (/wiki/Olivia_Munn) WINNER: Deyonté ELIMINATED: ChaCha Episode 2: An Unconventional Recycling [ edit ] Original airdate : August 24, 2017 In their first team challenge, the designers struggle to make their voices heard. However, this is an unconventional materials challenge and many of them stumble when forced to create a fashion forward look out of recyclable materials. Team Name Team Members Ballin' on a Budget Batani, Aaron, Kenya, Brandon, Ayana Wabi-Sabi Margarita, Kentaro, Deyonté, Kudzanai, Michael Tsunami Sentell, Samantha, Amy, Shawn, Claire Challenge: Create a high fashion mini collection from recycled materials. Guest Judge: Maggie Q (/wiki/Maggie_Q) & Anne Fulenwider WINNER: Ayana ELIMINATED: Sentell Episode 3: A Leap of Innovation! [ edit ] Original airdate : August 31, 2017 The designers are treated to a private screening of the film Leap! (/wiki/Leap!) as well as a performance by Hiplet (/wiki/Hiplet) and must draw inspiration for an innovative and edgy design in order to survive another week. Challenge: Create a look inspired by dance, movement and innovation. Guest Judge: Maddie Ziegler (/wiki/Maddie_Ziegler) WINNER: Brandon ELIMINATED: Kudzanai Episode 4: We're Sleeping Wear? [ edit ] Original airdate : September 7, 2017 It’s the Heidi Klum Sleepwear Challenge and the designers are feeling on top of the world, literally. If a slumber party on the roof of the Empire State Building doesn’t bring them the inspiration they need to impress Heidi, nothing will! Challenge: Create a sleepwear look for Heidi Klum Intimates. Guest Judge: Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) WINNER: Michael ELIMINATED: Deyonté Episode 5: Descending into Good and Evil [ edit ] Original airdate : September 14, 2017 Drawing inspiration from the hit film Descendants 2 (/wiki/Descendants_2) , the designers visit Lyndhurst Castle (/wiki/Lyndhurst_Castle) and are tasked with creating a look that represents “Good” or “Evil.” Most of the results are angelic, but as always, the devil is in the details. Inspiration Assigned Designers Good Amy, Brandon, Kentaro, Aaron, Ayana, Claire Evil Michael, Kenya, Samantha, Shawn, Margarita, Batani Challenge: Create an evening wear look inspired by good or evil. Guest Judge: Dove Cameron (/wiki/Dove_Cameron) & China Anne McClain (/wiki/China_Anne_McClain) WINNER: Brandon ELIMINATED: Aaron Episode 6: Models Off Duty [ edit ] Original airdate : September 21, 2017 The models become much more than runway eye candy as they serve for inspiration to the designers to create a street style (/wiki/Streetwear) look, to be featured in a photo shoot. But ceding creative control to the models proves to be a difficult chore for some designers. Challenge: Create a streetwear look for models on their day off. Guest Judge: Georgina Chapman (/wiki/Georgina_Chapman) & Kelsea Ballerini (/wiki/Kelsea_Ballerini) WINNER: Kentaro ELIMINATED: Samantha Episode 7: The Ultimate Faceoff [ edit ] Original airdate : September 28, 2017 It’s the JC Penney (/wiki/JC_Penney) Challenge and the designers must use men’s fabrics and designs to create a fashion forward look for their female models. Not only that, they must work in teams to do it, leading to a runway elimination that no one saw coming! Teams Kentaro & Brandon Amy & Kenya Claire & Shawn Margarita & Batani Michael & Ayana Challenge: Create a stylish fall outfit inspired by menswear. Guest Judge: Asia Kate Dillon (/wiki/Asia_Kate_Dillon) WINNER: Margarita ELIMINATED: Shawn In a twist, after Claire and Shawn are declared the losing team, they are given one hour to create all-new looks, in competition against each other. Shawn forfeited the challenge and was eliminated. Episode 8: Client on the Go [ edit ] Original airdate : October 5, 2017 The designers are tasked with creating an on-the-go look for friends and family of the Project Runway crew, but the good spirited challenge takes an ugly turn when accusations of cheating cloud the results of a contentious runway. Challenge: Create a print and head-to-toe look. Guest Judge: Sophia Stallone & Yolanda Hadid (/wiki/Yolanda_Hadid) DISQUALIFIED: Claire Claire was disqualified for breaking the rules and her win was rescinded. Although Brandon's print was announced to be put into print for Dixie cups, there was no replacement winner for the challenge and Batani was spared elimination. Episode 9: A "Little" Avant Garde [ edit ] Original airdate : October 12, 2017 The dramatic fallout from the cheating scandal rocks the designers and leaves everyone wondering how they’ll move forward in the competition. But the show must go on and the designers rally to create an Avant Garde look inspired by Shopkins (/wiki/Shopkins) characters. Challenge: Create an avant garde look inspired by Shopkins Shoppies. Guest Judge: Kate Upton (/wiki/Kate_Upton) WINNER: Michael ELIMINATED: Batani & Amy Episode 10: Driving Miss Unconventional [ edit ] Original airdate : October 19, 2017 It’s the Lexus (/wiki/Lexus) Challenge, but this one is Unconventional and nobody is safe! The designers must use safety materials to create a look that wows the judges as Fashion Week is right around the corner. Challenge: Create a runway look using unconventional materials. Guest Judge: Carly Chaikin (/wiki/Carly_Chaikin) WINNER: Ayana ELIMINATED: Michael Episode 11: Warrior Fashion [ edit ] Original airdate : October 26, 2017 It’s an emotional Runway as the designers create looks inspired by “Warrior Women” — women who have battled breast cancer. Challenge: Create an editorial look inspired by Warrior Women. Guest Judge: Rachel Brosnahan (/wiki/Rachel_Brosnahan) WINNER: Brandon SAVED: Margarita Episode 12: There's Snow Business like Sew Business [ edit ] Original airdate : November 2, 2017 The runway is converted into a Winter Wonderland as the designers are tasked with creating a winter-themed look that will decide who goes to NY Fashion Week and who gets left out in the cold. Challenge: Create a high fashion winter look. Guest Judge: Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) ADVANCED TO FASHION WEEK: Kentaro , Brandon , Ayana , Margarita , & Kenya ELIMINATED: None Episode 13: Finale Part 1 [ edit ] Original airdate : November 9, 2017 After heading home to work on their Fashion Week collections, the five finalists are visited by Tim who is not impressed with everything they have created so far. The designers return to New York and present the judges with 2 pieces from their collection. With only four designers remaining for the second part of the finale, everything is on the line. Challenge: Present two pieces from your final collection. ADVANCED TO FASHION WEEK: Brandon , Ayana , Margarita , Kentaro ELIMINATED: Kenya Episode 14: Finale Part 2 [ edit ] Original airdate : November 16, 2017 Fashion week is finally here and the designers rush to put the final touches on their collections. Four designers will have their dream of showing at New York Fashion Week, but only one designer will reach the ultimate goal of being crowned the next Project Runway Winner! Challenge: Present a 10-piece final collection at New York Fashion Week. Guest Judge: Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) WINNER: Kentaro ELIMINATED: Ayana (2nd Place), Brandon (3rd Place), Margarita (4th Place) Episode 15: Season 16 Reunion Special [ edit ] Original airdate : November 30, 2017 The season 16 designers reunite with mentor Tim Gunn to discuss their Project Runway experience. They come ready to reminisce, share emotions, and get to the bottom of the cheating scandal that rocked the season. And some of our favorite models also swing by! References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rovenstine, Dalene (July 12, 2017). "Project Runway: Meet the season 16 designers" (http://ew.com/tv/2017/07/12/project-runway-season-16-designers/?linkId=39694782) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Retrieved July 12, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About Season 16" (https://archive.today/20120905131435/http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway/about) . mylifetime.com. Archived from the original (http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway/about) on September 5, 2012 . Retrieved July 12, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Who's in & Who's Out? \| Lifetime" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045536/http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway/pages/season-16-whos-in-whos-out) . Archived from the original (http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway/pages/season-16-whos-in-whos-out) on September 24, 2017 . Retrieved September 23, 2017 . External links [ edit ] Project Runway Season 16 Official Website (http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150716163428/http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway/) 2015-07-16 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Project Runway season 16 at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) JustFab's website (http://www.justfab.com/) v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_15) 16 17 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This category is for fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles that are rated as B-class on the Wikipedia 1.0 Assessment Scale (/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Assessment) . Administrators: Please do not delete this category as empty! This category may be empty occasionally or even most of the time. FA (/wiki/Category:FA-Class_fashion_articles) A (/wiki/Category:A-Class_fashion_articles) GA (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles) B C (/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles) Start (/wiki/Category:Start-Class_fashion_articles) Stub (/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_fashion_articles) FL (/wiki/Category:FL-Class_fashion_articles) List (/wiki/Category:List-Class_fashion_articles) Category (/wiki/Category:Category-Class_fashion_articles) Disambig (/wiki/Category:Disambig-Class_fashion_articles) Draft (/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_fashion_articles) File (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) Portal (/wiki/Category:Portal-Class_fashion_articles) Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) Template (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) ??? (/wiki/Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles) 27 0 96 453 1,361 4,789 2,497 2 125 1,295 18 149 75 2 31 124 518 591 See also Category:Fashion articles by importance (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_by_importance) . Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:B-Class_fashion_articles) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:B-Class_fashion_articles&from=Z) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5f85d49c4f‐vps6z Cached time: 20240722093944 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.232 seconds Real time usage: 0.326 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2815/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 48149/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8111/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 56/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 42741/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.069/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1443823/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 302.148 1 -total 76.54% 231.278 1 Template:Category_class 49.00% 148.066 5 Template:Category_other 40.31% 121.809 27 Template:Category_class/column 26.23% 79.255 55 Template:Cat_in_use 23.41% 70.747 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 21.88% 66.114 1 Template:Possibly_empty_category 21.70% 65.563 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 20.53% 62.044 1 Template:Cmbox 19.61% 59.240 1 Template:Category_TOC Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10104124-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722093944 and revision id 951375176. 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This list is incomplete (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists) ; you can help by adding missing items (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_body_piercings&action=edit) . ( August 2017 ) This is a comprehensive list of different parts for body piercing (/wiki/Body_piercing) . Ear piercings [ edit ] Daith piercing (/wiki/Daith_piercing) Vertical helix piercing Earlobe piercing(s) Helix piercing (/wiki/Helix_piercing) Forward helix piercing Rook (/wiki/Rook_(piercing)) Snug (/wiki/Snug_(piercing)) Tragus piercing (/wiki/Tragus_piercing) Industrial piercing (/wiki/Industrial_piercing) Flat/Outer Conch piercing Surface Tragus piercing Transverse lobe piercing Dermal Punch Stretched lobe(s) Conch Orbital Double helix piercing stacked lobe auricle piercing anti-tragus piercing upper lobe Ear Weaving Piercing Low coochie helix Nose piercings [ edit ] Nostril piercing High nostril piercing Nasallang piercing(s) Septum piercing (/wiki/Septum_piercing) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Bridge piercing(s) Septril piercing(s) Rhino piercing Austin bar piercing Multiple Nostril Piercing septril piercing Third-eye piercing Facial piercings [ edit ] Anti-eyebrow (/wiki/Anti-eyebrow) Dimple piercing Cheek piercing (/wiki/Cheek_piercing) Eyebrow piercing Horizontal eyebrow piercing Mandible piercing(s) Teardrop piercings Crows feet piercing Butterfly kiss piercing Diver dermal Lip piercings [ edit ] Jestrum piercing (/wiki/Jestrum_piercing) Labret piercing (/wiki/Labret_piercing) Snakebites Medusa/ philtrum piercing (/wiki/Philtrum_piercing) Dahlias Canine bites Angel bites Cyber bites Spider bites Madonna piercing Monroe piercing (/wiki/Monroe_piercing) Lateral labret Vertical labret Dolphin bites Horizontal lip piercing Ashley piercing k9 piercing Shark bites Vertical vermillion piercings Tongue piercings [ edit ] Tongue piercing Horizontal tongue piercing Inverse tongue piercing Frenulum piercing (/wiki/Tongue_frenulum_piercing) Frowny piercing Smiley piercings Genital piercings [ edit ] Main article: Genital piercing (/wiki/Genital_piercing) Male [ edit ] Ampallang (/wiki/Ampallang) Dydoe (/wiki/Dydoe) Foreskin piercing (/wiki/Foreskin_piercing) Frenum piercing (/wiki/Frenum_piercing) Hafada piercing (/wiki/Hafada_piercing) Lorum piercing (/wiki/Lorum_(piercing)) Prince Albert (/wiki/Prince_Albert_(genital_piercing)) and Reverse Prince Albert (/wiki/Reverse_Prince_Albert_piercing) Jacob's Ladder Piercing (/w/index.php?title=Jacob%27s_Ladder_Piercing&action=edit&redlink=1) Female [ edit ] Christina piercing (/wiki/Christina_piercing) Clitoral hood piercing (/wiki/Clitoral_hood_piercing) Clitoris piercing (/wiki/Clitoris_piercing) Fourchette piercing (/wiki/Fourchette_piercing) Isabella piercing (/wiki/Isabella_piercing) Labia piercing (/wiki/Labia_piercing) Nefertiti piercing (/wiki/Nefertiti_piercing) Princess Albertina piercing (/wiki/Princess_Albertina_piercing) Triangle piercing (/wiki/Triangle_piercing) Other parts [ edit ] Collarbone piercing (/wiki/Collarbone_piercing) Corset piercing (/wiki/Corset_piercing) Dermals (anywhere) Hip piercing (/wiki/Hip_piercing) Nape piercing (/wiki/Nape_piercing) Navel piercing (/wiki/Navel_piercing) Nipple piercing (/wiki/Nipple_piercing) [3] (#cite_note-3) Inverse Navel Piercing tooth piercing Wrist piercing (/wiki/Wrist_piercing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Septum Rings Are Trending on the Street Style Crowd at Fashion Week - SC (http://stylecaster.com/its-official-septum-rings-are-trending-with-fashion-weeks-street-style-crowd/) ^ (#cite_ref-2) A Pro Piercer Answers All The Questions You're Way Too Nervous To Ask - Elite Daily (http://elitedaily.com/women/questions-afraid-ask-piercing/1228827/) ^ (#cite_ref-3) The unexpected rise of 2016's biggest trend: the nipple piercing - Mic (https://mic.com/articles/152182/the-unexpected-rise-of-2016-s-biggest-trend-the-nipple-piercing) v t e Body piercing (/wiki/Body_piercing) General piercing topics Contemporary piercing practices (/wiki/Body_piercing#Contemporary_piercing_practices) Scalpelling (/wiki/Scalpelling) Stretching (/wiki/Stretching_(body_piercing)) Play piercing (/wiki/Play_piercing) Pocketing (/wiki/Pocketing) Surface piercing (/wiki/Surface_piercing) Ear piercing gun (/wiki/Ear_piercing_instrument) Jewelry (/wiki/Body_piercing_jewellery) ( materials (/wiki/Body_piercing_materials) ) Barbell (/wiki/Barbell_(piercing)) Claw (/wiki/Claw_(piercing)) Captive bead ring (/wiki/Captive_bead_ring) Flesh tunnel (/wiki/Flesh_tunnel) Plug (/wiki/Plug_(jewellery)) Prince's wand (/wiki/Prince%27s_wand) Spiral (/wiki/Spiral_(piercing)) Stud (/wiki/Stud_(piercing)) Nose chain (/wiki/Nose_chain) Nipple shield (/wiki/Nipple_shield_(jewelry)) Ear piercings (/wiki/Earring) Antitragus (/wiki/Antitragus_piercing) Conch (/wiki/Conch_piercing) Daith (/wiki/Daith_piercing) Helix (/wiki/Helix_piercing) Industrial (/wiki/Industrial_piercing) Orbital (/wiki/Orbital_piercing) Rook (/wiki/Rook_(piercing)) Snug (/wiki/Snug_(piercing)) Tragus (/wiki/Tragus_piercing) Facial piercings Anti-eyebrow (/wiki/Anti-eyebrow) Cheek (/wiki/Cheek_piercing) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow_piercing) Jestrum (/wiki/Jestrum_piercing) Labret (/wiki/Labret) Lip (/wiki/Lip_piercing) ( Lip plate (/wiki/Lip_plate) ) Monroe (/wiki/Monroe_piercing) Nose (/wiki/Nose_piercing) ( Septum piercing (/wiki/Septum_piercing) ) Nose bridge (/wiki/Bridge_piercing) Philtrum (/wiki/Philtrum_piercing) Oral piercings Lip frenulum (/wiki/Lip_frenulum_piercing) Tongue (/wiki/Tongue_piercing) Tongue frenulum (/wiki/Tongue_frenulum_piercing) Uvula (/wiki/Uvula_piercing) Body piercings Corset (/wiki/Corset_piercing) Hand web (/wiki/Hand_web_piercing) Hip (/wiki/Hip_piercing) Madison (/wiki/Madison_piercing) Nape (/wiki/Nape_piercing) Navel (/wiki/Navel_piercing) Neck (/wiki/Neck_piercing) Nipple (/wiki/Nipple_piercing) Wrist (/wiki/Wrist_piercing) Unisex genital piercings (/wiki/Unisex_genital_piercings) Anus (/wiki/Anal_piercing) Guiche (/wiki/Guiche_piercing) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_piercing) Chastity (/wiki/Chastity_piercing) Female genital piercings (/wiki/Female_genital_piercings) Christina (/wiki/Christina_piercing) Clitoris (/wiki/Clitoris_piercing) Clitoral hood (/wiki/Clitoral_hood_piercing) Fourchette (/wiki/Fourchette_piercing) Isabella (/wiki/Isabella_piercing) Labia (/wiki/Labia_piercing) Nefertiti (/wiki/Nefertiti_piercing) Princess Albertina (/wiki/Princess_Albertina_piercing) Triangle (/wiki/Triangle_piercing) Male genital piercings (/wiki/Male_genital_piercing) Ampallang (/wiki/Ampallang) Apadravya (/wiki/Apadravya) Deep shaft (/wiki/Deep_shaft_piercing) Dydoe (/wiki/Dydoe) Fibula (/wiki/Fibula_(penile)) Foreskin (/wiki/Foreskin_piercing) Frenum (/wiki/Frenum_piercing) Hafada (/wiki/Hafada_piercing) Lorum (/wiki/Lorum_(piercing)) Magic cross (/wiki/Magic_cross_piercing) Prince Albert (/wiki/Prince_Albert_(genital_piercing)) Reverse Prince Albert (/wiki/Reverse_Prince_Albert_piercing) Transscrotal (/wiki/Transscrotal_piercing) See also Body piercing regulation in the UK (/wiki/Body_piercing_regulation_in_the_UK) List of body piercings NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐kgqd8 Cached time: 20240721193915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.194 seconds Real time usage: 0.273 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 607/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21909/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 516/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12410/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.118/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1832803/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 231.594 1 -total 34.86% 80.725 1 Template:Body_piercing 34.00% 78.747 1 Template:Navbox 30.07% 69.647 1 Template:Short_description 21.28% 49.273 1 Template:Expand_list 17.96% 41.602 2 Template:Pagetype 12.69% 29.395 1 Template:Ambox 12.48% 28.902 4 Template:Main_other 7.78% 18.008 1 Template:Main 5.84% 13.521 1 Template:TDMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54969314-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721193915 and revision id 1225793182. 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Saudi fashion model Taleedah Tamer Born Jeddah (/wiki/Jeddah) , Makkah Region (/wiki/Makkah_Region) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia) Education British International School of Jeddah (/wiki/British_International_School_of_Jeddah) Occupation Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) Parent(s) Ayman Tamer Cristina Tamer Taleedah Tamer is a Saudi Arabian (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) fashion model. She is the first Saudi Arabian model to walk a couture runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) and the first to be on the cover of an international magazine (/wiki/Magazine) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Taleedah Tamer was born and raised in Jeddah (/wiki/Jeddah) , Makkah (/wiki/Makkah_Region) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia) . [3] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com-3) [4] (#cite_note-nytimes.com-4) Her father, Ayman Tamer, is a Saudi businessman who is CEO and chairman of Tamer Group, a pharmaceutical, healthcare, and beauty company. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com1-6) Her mother, Cristina Tamer, is an Italian former dancer and model for Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) and La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) . [6] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com1-6) [7] (#cite_note-yahoo.com-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Tamer met the designer Antonio Grimaldi, who she would later model for, when she was ten years old. [9] (#cite_note-9) She is a graduate of the British International School of Jeddah (/wiki/British_International_School_of_Jeddah) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Career [ edit ] Tamer's first modelling job was for the jewelry company Korloff. [6] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com1-6) She also modeled for Rubaiyat [12] (#cite_note-12) before being photographed by Stefania Paparelli (/w/index.php?title=Stefania_Paparelli&action=edit&redlink=1) in 2018 as the July/August cover girl for Harper's Bazaar Arabia (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , [13] (#cite_note-13) making her the first Saudi woman to be featured on the cover of an international magazine and in a global editorial campaign. [3] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com-3) [7] (#cite_note-yahoo.com-7) [4] (#cite_note-nytimes.com-4) On 2 July 2018 she opened the 2018-2019 autumn/winter collection Antonio Grimaldi (/wiki/Antonio_Grimaldi) couture show at the Salons France-Amériques in Paris wearing an all-white pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) and cape, becoming the first Saudi model to walk in Paris Couture Fashion Week, [14] (#cite_note-14) and the first to walk in a couture fashion show outside of Saudi Arabia. [15] (#cite_note-15) [4] (#cite_note-nytimes.com-4) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) She also closed the Grimaldi show, wearing a silver gown (/wiki/Gown) with feathered wings. [4] (#cite_note-nytimes.com-4) [18] (#cite_note-18) Personal life [ edit ] Tamer is a practicing Muslim (/wiki/Muslim) . [6] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com1-6) She speaks English (/wiki/English_language) , Arabic (/wiki/Arabic) and Italian (/wiki/Italian_language) . [19] (#cite_note-19) She has a younger brother and sister, and her grandmother is Greek (/wiki/Greeks) . [6] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com1-6) She is planning on moving to Milan (/wiki/Milan) to study marketing and continue modelling. [20] (#cite_note-20) Tamer credits Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) , Imaan Hammam (/wiki/Imaan_Hammam) , Ameera al-Taweel (/wiki/Ameera_al-Taweel) , and her mother as her inspirations. [6] (#cite_note-harpersbazaararabia.com1-6) Tamer has expressed understanding and respect for people from Saudi Arabia who may disapprove of her modelling, but hopes she is able to broaden the perception of what it means to be a modern Saudi woman. [21] (#cite_note-21) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Saudi model Taleedah Tamer just made her Paris Fashion Week debut" (http://emirateswoman.com/saudi-model-taleedah-tamer-just-made-her-paris-fashion-week-debut/) . Emirates Woman . Retrieved 8 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Taleedah Tamer is the first Saudi model to walk at Paris Couture Week" (https://metro.co.uk/2018/07/07/taleedah-tamer-first-saudi-model-walk-paris-couture-week-7690282/) . Metro . Retrieved 8 July 2018 . ^ a b "July Cover: The Unique Beauty Of Saudi's First Couture Model" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/editorials/taleedah-tamer-saudi-arabia-first-couture-model) . ^ a b c d Paton, Elizabeth (5 July 2018). "In Paris, Saudi Arabia's First Couture Model Arrives on the Runway" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/fashion/saudi-arabia-model-couture.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Taleedah Tamer, First Saudi Model in Paris Fashion Week" (https://www.albawaba.com/slideshow/taleedah-tamer-first-saudi-model-paris-fashion-week-1155322) . 5 July 2018. ^ a b c d e f Baxter, Emily (2 April 2018). "Exclusive: In Conversation With Saudi's Most Compelling New Face" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/the-news/exclusive-in-conversation-with-saudis-most-compelling-new-face) . Harper's BAZAAR Arabia . ^ a b "Could Taleedah Tamer become Saudi Arabia's first supermodel?" (https://www.yahoo.com/news/could-taleedah-tamer-become-saudi-155358661.html) . 28 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Taleedah Tamer is the first Saudi model to walk at Paris Couture Week" (https://metro.co.uk/2018/07/07/taleedah-tamer-first-saudi-model-walk-paris-couture-week-7690282/) . 7 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Meet The Designer Behind Saudi Model Taleedah Tamer's Couture Week Debut" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/runway/saudi-model-taleedah-tamer-couture-week-antonio-grimaldi) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Will Taleedah Tamer be the first Saudi supermodel?" (http://www.arabnews.com/node/1331601/lifestyle) . 2 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Qui est Taleedah Tamer, première top modèle venue d'Arabie saoudite" (https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/entry/qui-est-taleedah-tamer-premiere-top-modele-venue-darabie-saoudite_mg_5b3e0680e4b05127ccef86ba) . 5 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Taleedah Tamer makes waves in Paris" (http://www.arabnews.com/node/1333301/lifestyle) . 4 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Holt, Bethan (28 June 2018). "Could Taleedah Tamer become Saudi Arabia's first supermodel?" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/could-taleedah-tamer-become-saudi-arabias-first-supermodel/) . The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Saudi model Taleedah Tamer just made her Paris Fashion Week debut" (http://emirateswoman.com/saudi-model-taleedah-tamer-just-made-her-paris-fashion-week-debut/) . 4 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Will Taleedah Tamer be the first Saudi supermodel?" (http://www.arabnews.com/node/1331601/lifestyle) . 2 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Saudi's first couture model Taleedah Tamer makes waves in Paris" (https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/fashion/saudi-s-first-couture-model-taleedah-tamer-makes-waves-in-paris-1.747454) . 5 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Saudi Arabian Model Taleedah Tamer Makes Her Paris Runway Debut" (https://www.expatwoman.com/ewmoda/fashion/saudi-arabian-model-taleedah-tamer-makes-her-paris-runway-debut) . 4 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Saudi Model Taleedah Tamer Makes Her Haute Couture Debut At Antonio Grimaldi" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/runway/saudi-model-taleedah-tamer-makes-her-couture-debut) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "6 Things To Know About Saudi's First Couture And Runway Model Taleedah Tamer" (https://lovinsaudi.com/lifestyle/fashion/6-things-to-know-about-saudis-first-couture-and-runway-model-taleedah-tamer) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Make Way for Taleedah Tamer, the Saudi-Born Model on the Rise" (http://www.abouther.com/node/11451/fashion/fashion-news/make-way-taleedah-tamer-saudi-born-model-rise) . 4 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "18-year-old girl becomes Saudi Arabia's first supermodel" (https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/335676-is-18-year-old-taleedah-saudi-arabias-first-supermodel) . 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Contains articles that are about creature suits (/wiki/Creature_suit) , realistic costumes used to disguise a performer as an animal, monster (/wiki/Monster) , or other being. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐gngsx Cached time: 20240628214141 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.004 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56189010-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628214141 and revision id 1134184968. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Creature suits" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) B Bear suit (/wiki/Bear_suit) C Cat suit (/wiki/Cat_suit) D Dinosaur suit (/wiki/Dinosaur_suit) F Fursuit (/wiki/Fursuit) G Gorilla suit (/wiki/Gorilla_suit) P Pantomime horse (/wiki/Pantomime_horse) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Creature_suits&oldid=1134184968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Creature_suits&oldid=1134184968) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Animals in popular culture (/wiki/Category:Animals_in_popular_culture) Costume design (/wiki/Category:Costume_design) Special effects (/wiki/Category:Special_effects) Tokusatsu (/wiki/Category:Tokusatsu)
(Redirected from Beyoncé Pulse (/w/index.php?title=Beyonc%C3%A9_Pulse&redirect=no) ) American singer and songwriter (born 1981) For other uses, see Beyoncé (disambiguation) (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(disambiguation)) . Beyoncé Beyoncé in 2023 Born Beyonce Giselle Knowles [a] (#cite_note-Naminglaws-1) ( 1981-09-04 ) September 4, 1981 (age 42) Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Texas, U.S. Other names Harmonies by The Hive [1] (#cite_note-2) Queen Bey [2] (#cite_note-3) Third Ward (/wiki/Third_Ward,_Houston) Trill [3] (#cite_note-4) Occupations Singer songwriter producer actress businesswoman philanthropist [4] (#cite_note-5) record executive director Years active 1990–present Organization BeyGOOD (/wiki/BeyGood) Works Albums (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_albums_discography) [b] (#cite_note-6) singles (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_singles_discography) songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) videos (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_videography) performances (/wiki/List_of_Beyonc%C3%A9_live_performances) Title Founder, chairwoman, and CEO of Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) Co-founder, CEO, and owner of Ivy Park (/wiki/Ivy_Park) Founder, chairwoman, and owner of Cécred (/wiki/C%C3%A9cred) Spouse Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) ( m. 2008 ) Children 3, including Blue Ivy (/wiki/Blue_Ivy_Carter) Parents Mathew Knowles (/wiki/Mathew_Knowles) Tina Lawson (/wiki/Tina_Knowles) Relatives Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) (sister) Angela Beyincé (/wiki/Angela_Beyinc%C3%A9) (cousin) Awards Full list (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Musical career Genres R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) pop (/wiki/Pop_music) hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) afrobeats (/wiki/Afrobeats) dance (/wiki/Dance_music) gqom (/wiki/Gqom) country (/wiki/Country_music) [5] (#cite_note-7) Instrument(s) Vocals Labels Parkwood (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) Columbia (/wiki/Columbia_Records) Music World (/wiki/Music_World_Entertainment) Member of the Carters (/wiki/The_Carters) Formerly of Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) Website beyonce (http://beyonce.com) .com (http://beyonce.com) Musical artist Signature Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) b i ˈ ɒ n s eɪ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ⓘ (/wiki/File:En-us-Beyonce.ogg) bee- ON -say ; [6] (#cite_note-8) born September 4, 1981) [7] (#cite_note-9) is an American singer, songwriter, and businesswoman. Nicknamed " Queen Bey (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music#Beyoncé) ", she is regarded as a prominent cultural figure (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Beyonc%C3%A9) of the 21st century and has been recognized for her artistry and performances, with Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) naming her one of the greatest vocalists of all time. As a child, Beyoncé started performing in various singing and dancing competitions. She rose to fame in the late 1990s as a member of the R&B girl group Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) , one of the best-selling girl groups of all time (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_girl_groups) . Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) (2003). She then followed with the US number-one solo albums B'Day (/wiki/B%27Day_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) (2006), I Am... Sasha Fierce (/wiki/I_Am..._Sasha_Fierce) (2008), and 4 (/wiki/4_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) (2011). After creating her own management company Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) , Beyoncé achieved critical acclaim for the experimental visual albums (/wiki/Visual_album) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(album)) (2013) and Lemonade (/wiki/Lemonade_(album)) (2016), which explored themes such as feminism (/wiki/Feminism) and womanism (/wiki/Womanism) . With her Black queer (/wiki/Diva_house) -inspired dance (/wiki/Dance_music) album Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) (2022) and country (/wiki/Country_music) album Cowboy Carter (/wiki/Cowboy_Carter) (2024) from her trilogy project, she became the only female artist to have all of her first eight solo studio albums debut at number one on the Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) . Beyoncé's most successful songs on the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) include " Crazy in Love (/wiki/Crazy_in_Love) ", " Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", " Check On It (/wiki/Check_On_It) ", " Irreplaceable (/wiki/Irreplaceable) ", " If I Were a Boy (/wiki/If_I_Were_a_Boy) ", " Halo (/wiki/Halo_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) ", " Drunk in Love (/wiki/Drunk_in_Love) ", " Break My Soul (/wiki/Break_My_Soul) ", " Cuff It (/wiki/Cuff_It) " and " Texas Hold 'Em (/wiki/Texas_Hold_%27Em_(song)) ". She is the only woman in history to achieve at least 20 top 10 songs as a solo artist and 10 as a member of a group. [8] (#cite_note-Billboard_July_5-10) Her collaborative music ventures include Everything Is Love (/wiki/Everything_Is_Love) (2018), an album with her husband and rapper Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , released as the Carters (/wiki/The_Carters) , and the musical film (/wiki/Musical_film) Black Is King (/wiki/Black_Is_King) (2020), inspired by the music of the film soundtrack The Lion King: The Gift (/wiki/The_Lion_King:_The_Gift) (2019). Self-directed concert films, including Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) (2019) and Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Renaissance:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) (2023), document some of her most acclaimed onstage performances. Outside of music, she has starred as an actress in films such as Austin Powers in Goldmember (/wiki/Austin_Powers_in_Goldmember) (2002), The Pink Panther (/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_(2006_film)) (2006), Dreamgirls (/wiki/Dreamgirls_(film)) (2006), Cadillac Records (/wiki/Cadillac_Records) (2008), Obsessed (/wiki/Obsessed_(2009_film)) (2009), and The Lion King (/wiki/The_Lion_King_(2019_film)) (2019). Having sold 200 million records worldwide, [9] (#cite_note-11) [10] (#cite_note-12) Beyoncé is one of the best-selling music artists of all time (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists#200_million_to_249_million_records) . Her accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) include a record 32 (/wiki/Grammy_Award_milestones#Awards) Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) , as well as 26 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards) (including the 2014 Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) ), 24 NAACP Image Awards (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards) , 35 BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards) , and 17 Soul Train Music Awards (/wiki/Soul_Train_Music_Awards) – all of which are more than any other artist in the music industry. Her success during the 2000s earned her recognition as the Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA)'s Top Certified Artist of the Decade and Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) 's Top Female Artist and Top Radio Songs (/wiki/Radio_Songs_(chart)) Artist of the Decade. [11] (#cite_note-13) She is the most successful black touring act in history and received the Pollstar Touring Artist of the Decade (/wiki/Pollstar) award in 2021. [12] (#cite_note-14) [13] (#cite_note-15) An influential figure in popular music, Rolling Stone named her the world's greatest living entertainer. [14] (#cite_note-16) [15] (#cite_note-17) Time included her as one of the 100 women who has so far defined the 21st century. [16] (#cite_note-18) Early life Beyonce Giselle Knowles [a] (#cite_note-Naminglaws-1) was born on September 4, 1981, in Houston (/wiki/Houston) to Celestine "Tina" Knowles (/wiki/Tina_Knowles) ( née Beyonce), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles (/wiki/Mathew_Knowles) , a Xerox (/wiki/Xerox) sales manager. [17] (#cite_note-19) Tina is Louisiana Creole (/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people) and Mathew is African American (/wiki/African_American) . [18] (#cite_note-FOX-20) [19] (#cite_note-smol1-21) [20] (#cite_note-nanews-22) [21] (#cite_note-23) Beyoncé's younger sister, Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) , is also a singer and a former backup dancer for Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) . Solange and Beyoncé are the first sisters to have both had number one solo albums. [22] (#cite_note-24) Beyoncé's maternal grandparents, Lumis Albert Beyincé and Agnéz Deréon (daughter of Odilia Broussard and Eugène DeRouen), [23] (#cite_note-KreolMag-25) were French-speaking (/wiki/Louisiana_French) Louisiana Creoles (/wiki/Creole_people) , with roots in New Iberia (/wiki/New_Iberia,_Louisiana) ; [24] (#cite_note-IrishCentral-26) [23] (#cite_note-KreolMag-25) [25] (#cite_note-27) She is a descendant of Acadian (/wiki/Acadians) militia officer Joseph Broussard (/wiki/Joseph_Broussard) , who was exiled to French Louisiana (/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)) after the expulsion of the Acadians (/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians) , and of the French military officer and Abenaki (/wiki/Abenaki) chief Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie, Baron de Saint-Castin (/wiki/Jean-Vincent_d%27Abbadie_de_Saint-Castin) . [19] (#cite_note-smol1-21) [26] (#cite_note-28) She has additional Breton (/wiki/Bretons) heritage. Beyoncé's fourth great-grandmother, Marie-Françoise Trahan, was born in 1774 in Bangor (/wiki/Bangor,_Morbihan) , located on Belle Île (/wiki/Belle_%C3%8Ele) , France (/wiki/France) . Trahan was a daughter of Acadians who had taken refuge on Belle Île after the Acadian expulsion. The Estates (/wiki/Estates_of_Brittany) of Brittany (/wiki/Brittany) had divided the lands of Belle Île to distribute them among 78 other Acadian families (/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians#France_and_Britain) and the already settled inhabitants. The Trahan family lived on Belle Île for over ten years before migrating to (/wiki/Capture_of_Belle_%C3%8Ele#Aftermath) Louisiana, where she married a Broussard descendant. [27] (#cite_note-:4-29) Beyoncé researched her ancestry and discovered that she is descended from a slave (/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Louisiana) owner who married his slave. [28] (#cite_note-30) Her mother is also of distant Irish, Jewish, Spanish, Chinese and Indonesian ancestry. [29] (#cite_note-31) [30] (#cite_note-32) [31] (#cite_note-33) [24] (#cite_note-IrishCentral-26) Beyoncé also has Belgian ancestry from Hainaut Province (/wiki/Hainaut_Province) , Wallonia and is related to a former mayor of Froidchapelle (/wiki/Froidchapelle) , Belgium. [32] (#cite_note-34) [33] (#cite_note-35) Beyoncé was raised Methodist (/wiki/Methodist) and attended St. John's United Methodist Church in Houston. [34] (#cite_note-NBC2017-36) [35] (#cite_note-37) As her mother's family was Catholic (/wiki/Roman_Catholicism) , on Christmas Eve (/wiki/Christmas_Eve) her family attended Midnight mass (/wiki/Midnight_mass) at St. Mary of the Purification Catholic Church. [36] (#cite_note-38) She went to St. Mary's Catholic Montessori School in Houston and enrolled in dance classes there. [37] (#cite_note-39) Her singing ability was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and Beyonce finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. [38] (#cite_note-danceclasses-40) Beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon (/wiki/John_Lennon) 's " Imagine (/wiki/Imagine_(John_Lennon_song)) " to beat 15/16-year-olds. [39] (#cite_note-Biography_Today-41) [40] (#cite_note-People-42) In the fall of 1990, Beyoncé enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school (/wiki/Magnet_school) in Houston, where she performed with the school's choir. [41] (#cite_note-contactbio-43) She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts (/wiki/High_School_for_the_Performing_and_Visual_Arts) [42] (#cite_note-44) and later Alief Elsik High School (/wiki/Alief_Elsik_High_School) . [18] (#cite_note-FOX-20) [43] (#cite_note-45) Beyoncé was also a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church where she sang her first solo (/wiki/Solo_(music)) and was a soloist (/wiki/Solo_(music)) for two years. [34] (#cite_note-NBC2017-36) [44] (#cite_note-46) Career Career beginnings When Beyoncé was eight, she met LaTavia Roberson (/wiki/LaTavia_Roberson) at an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) They were placed into a group called Girl's Tyme (/wiki/Girl%27s_Tyme) with three other girls, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. [46] (#cite_note-48) After seeing the group, R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California (/wiki/Northern_California) studio and placed them in Star Search (/wiki/Star_Search) , the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good. [47] (#cite_note-Farley-49) [48] (#cite_note-J.R.-50) In 1995, Beyoncé's father, Matthew, resigned from his job to manage the group. [49] (#cite_note-51) The move reduced the family's income by half, and Beyoncé's parents were forced to sell their house and cars and move into separated apartments. [18] (#cite_note-FOX-20) [50] (#cite_note-52) Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups. [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records (/wiki/Elektra_Records) , moving to Atlanta Records (/wiki/Atlanta_record_labels) briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. [18] (#cite_note-FOX-20) This put further strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins (/wiki/Dwayne_Wiggins) 's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records (/wiki/Columbia_Records) with the assistance of Columbia talent scout Teresa LaBarbera Whites (/wiki/Teresa_LaBarbera_Whites) . [39] (#cite_note-Biography_Today-41) 1997–2002: Destiny's Child Main article: Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) Beyoncé (center) at the final line-up of Destiny's Child, performing during their 2005 Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It (/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled..._and_Lovin%27_It) concert tour The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah (/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah) . [51] (#cite_note-53) In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song "Killing Time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film Men in Black (/wiki/Men_in_Black_(1997_film)) . [48] (#cite_note-J.R.-50) In November, the group released their debut single and first major hit, " No, No, No (/wiki/No,_No,_No_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) ". They released their self-titled debut album (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_(album)) in February 1998, which established the group as a viable act in the music industry. [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) The group released their Multi-Platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall (/wiki/The_Writing%27s_on_the_Wall) in 1999. The record features songs such as " Bills, Bills, Bills (/wiki/Bills,_Bills,_Bills) ", the group's first number-one single, " Jumpin' Jumpin' (/wiki/Jumpin%27_Jumpin%27) " and " Say My Name (/wiki/Say_My_Name) ", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. "Say My Name" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group_with_Vocals) and the Best R&B Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Song) at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/43rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide. [47] (#cite_note-Farley-49) During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson (/wiki/Marc_Nelson_(singer)) , an original member of Boyz II Men (/wiki/Boyz_II_Men) , on the song "After All Is Said and Done" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man (/wiki/The_Best_Man_(1999_film)) . [52] (#cite_note-54) The remaining band members recorded " Independent Women Part I (/wiki/Independent_Women_Part_I) ", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film Charlie's Angels (/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels_(2000_film)) . It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart for eleven consecutive weeks. [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera (/wiki/Carmen:_A_Hip_Hopera) , starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer (/wiki/Mekhi_Phifer) . Set in Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) , the film is a modern interpretation of the 19th-century opera Carmen (/wiki/Carmen) by French composer Georges Bizet (/wiki/Georges_Bizet) . [53] (#cite_note-carmen-55) When the third album Survivor (/wiki/Survivor_(Destiny%27s_Child_album)) was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them. [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) , with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold. [54] (#cite_note-Martens3-56) The album spawned other number-one hits, " Bootylicious (/wiki/Bootylicious) " and the title track, " Survivor (/wiki/Survivor_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) ", the latter of which earned the group a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. [55] (#cite_note-57) After releasing their holiday album 8 Days of Christmas (/wiki/8_Days_of_Christmas) in October 2001, the group announced a hiatus to further pursue solo careers. [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) In July 2002, Beyoncé made her theatrical film debut, playing Foxxy Cleopatra (/wiki/Foxxy_Cleopatra) alongside Mike Myers (/wiki/Mike_Myers_(actor)) in the comedy film Austin Powers in Goldmember (/wiki/Austin_Powers_in_Goldmember) , [56] (#cite_note-58) which spent its first weekend atop the U.S. box office and grossed $73 million. [57] (#cite_note-59) Beyoncé released " Work It Out (/wiki/Work_It_Out_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " as the lead single from its soundtrack album which entered the top ten in the UK, Norway, and Belgium. [58] (#cite_note-60) In 2003, Beyoncé starred opposite Cuba Gooding Jr. (/wiki/Cuba_Gooding_Jr.) in the musical comedy The Fighting Temptations (/wiki/The_Fighting_Temptations) as Lilly, a single mother with whom Gooding's character falls in love. [59] (#cite_note-61) The film received mixed reviews from critics but grossed $30 million in the U.S. [60] (#cite_note-62) [61] (#cite_note-63) Beyoncé released " Fighting Temptation (/wiki/Fighting_Temptation) " as the lead single from the film's soundtrack album, with Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) , MC Lyte (/wiki/MC_Lyte) , and Free (/wiki/Free_(rapper)) which was also used to promote the film. [62] (#cite_note-64) Another of Beyoncé's contributions to the soundtrack, "Summertime", fared better on the U.S. charts. [63] (#cite_note-65) 2003–2007: Dangerously in Love , B'Day , and Dreamgirls Beyoncé performing " Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", which spent nine consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart [64] (#cite_note-BabyBoy1-66) Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) 's song " '03 Bonnie & Clyde (/wiki/%2703_Bonnie_%26_Clyde) " that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. [65] (#cite_note-67) On June 14, 2003, Beyoncé premiered songs from her first solo album Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) during her first solo concert and the pay-per-view television special, "Ford Presents Beyoncé Knowles, Friends & Family, Live From Ford's 100th Anniversary Celebration in Dearborn, Michigan". [66] (#cite_note-68) The album was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. [67] (#cite_note-69) The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, [68] (#cite_note-70) and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. [69] (#cite_note-71) The album's lead single, "Crazy in Love", featuring Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , became Beyoncé's first number-one single as a solo artist in the US. [70] (#cite_note-72) The single " Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " also reached number one, [64] (#cite_note-BabyBoy1-66) and singles, " Me, Myself and I (/wiki/Me,_Myself_and_I_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " and " Naughty Girl (/wiki/Naughty_Girl_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", both reached the top-five. [71] (#cite_note-beyoncehot100-73) The album earned Beyoncé a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/46th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) ; Best Contemporary R&B Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_R%26B_Album) , Best Female R&B Vocal Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_R%26B_Vocal_Performance) for " Dangerously in Love 2 (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love_2) ", Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap/Sung_Collaboration) for "Crazy in Love", and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group_with_Vocals) for " The Closer I Get to You (/wiki/The_Closer_I_Get_to_You#Beyoncé_Knowles_and_Luther_Vandross'_version) " with Luther Vandross (/wiki/Luther_Vandross) . During the ceremony, she performed with Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) . [72] (#cite_note-2004_Grammys-74) In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love_Tour) in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) for the Verizon Ladies First Tour (/wiki/Verizon_Ladies_First_Tour) in North America. [73] (#cite_note-75) On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem (/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner) at Super Bowl XXXVIII (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII) , at the Reliant Stadium (/wiki/Reliant_Stadium) in Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Texas. [74] (#cite_note-76) After the release of Dangerously in Love , Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled (/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled) , the final studio album by Destiny's Child. [75] (#cite_note-JPatel-77) Released on November 15, 2004, in the US [76] (#cite_note-78) and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, [77] (#cite_note-79) [78] (#cite_note-riaadestinyschild-80) Destiny Fulfilled included the singles " Lose My Breath (/wiki/Lose_My_Breath) " and " Soldier (/wiki/Soldier_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) ", which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. [79] (#cite_note-81) Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It (/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled..._and_Lovin%27_It) sponsored by McDonald's Corporation (/wiki/McDonald%27s_Corporation) , [80] (#cite_note-82) and performed songs such as " No, No, No (/wiki/No,_No,_No_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) ", " Survivor (/wiki/Survivor_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) ", " Say My Name (/wiki/Say_My_Name) ", " Independent Women (/wiki/Independent_Women) " and " Lose My Breath (/wiki/Lose_My_Breath) ". In addition to renditions of the group's recorded material, they also performed songs from each singer's solo careers, including numbers from Dangerously in Love . and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. [81] (#cite_note-83) The group released their first compilation album (/wiki/Compilation_album) Number 1's (/wiki/Number_1%27s_(Destiny%27s_Child_album)) on October 25, 2005, in the US [82] (#cite_note-84) and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) in March 2006. [83] (#cite_note-85) The group has sold 60 million records worldwide. [84] (#cite_note-86) [85] (#cite_note-87) Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day (/wiki/B%27Day_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) was released on September 4, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. [86] (#cite_note-88) It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. [87] (#cite_note-89) The album's lead single " Déjà Vu (/wiki/D%C3%A9j%C3%A0_Vu_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", featuring Jay-Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. [71] (#cite_note-beyoncehot100-73) The second international single " Irreplaceable (/wiki/Irreplaceable) " was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. [71] (#cite_note-beyoncehot100-73) [88] (#cite_note-90) B'Day also produced three other singles; " Ring the Alarm (/wiki/Ring_the_Alarm) ", [89] (#cite_note-91) " Get Me Bodied (/wiki/Get_Me_Bodied) ", [90] (#cite_note-92) and " Green Light (/wiki/Green_Light_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " (released in the United Kingdom only). [91] (#cite_note-93) Beyoncé performing during The Beyoncé Experience (/wiki/The_Beyonc%C3%A9_Experience) tour in 2007 At the 49th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/49th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) (2007), B'Day was nominated for five Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) , including Best Contemporary R&B Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_R%26B_Album) , Best Female R&B Vocal Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_R%26B_Vocal_Performance) for " Ring the Alarm (/wiki/Ring_the_Alarm) " and Best R&B Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Song) and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap/Sung_Collaboration) "for "Déjà Vu"; the Freemasons (/wiki/Freemasons_(DJs)) club mix of "Déjà Vu" without the rap was put forward in the Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Remixed_Recording,_Non-Classical) category. B'Day won the award for Best Contemporary R&B Album. [92] (#cite_note-49thGr-94) The following year (/wiki/2008_Grammy_Awards) , B'Day received two nominations – for Record of the Year (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year) for " Irreplaceable (/wiki/Irreplaceable) " and Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Collaboration_with_Vocals) for " Beautiful Liar (/wiki/Beautiful_Liar) " (with Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) ), also receiving a nomination for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Pictures, Television or Other Visual Media (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Compilation_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media) for her appearance on Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture (/wiki/Dreamgirls:_Music_from_the_Motion_Picture) (2006). [93] (#cite_note-50thGr-95) Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther (/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_(2006_film)) starring opposite Steve Martin (/wiki/Steve_Martin) , [94] (#cite_note-96) grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide. [95] (#cite_note-97) Her second film Dreamgirls (/wiki/Dreamgirls_(film)) , the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical [96] (#cite_note-98) loosely based on The Supremes (/wiki/The_Supremes) , received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally. [97] (#cite_note-99) [98] (#cite_note-100) [99] (#cite_note-101) In it, she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) , Jamie Foxx (/wiki/Jamie_Foxx) , and Eddie Murphy (/wiki/Eddie_Murphy) playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) . [100] (#cite_note-102) To promote the film, Beyoncé released " Listen (/wiki/Listen_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " as the lead single from the soundtrack album (/wiki/Dreamgirls:_Music_from_the_Motion_Picture) . [101] (#cite_note-103) In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on The Beyoncé Experience (/wiki/The_Beyonc%C3%A9_Experience) , her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues [102] (#cite_note-104) and grossed over $24 million. [c] (#cite_note-106) Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest (/wiki/Feeding_America) . At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) " Beautiful Liar (/wiki/Beautiful_Liar) ". [104] (#cite_note-107) 2008–2012: I Am... Sasha Fierce and 4 Beyoncé performing during the I Am... Tour (/wiki/I_Am..._(Beyonc%C3%A9_tour)) I Am... Sasha Fierce (/wiki/I_Am..._Sasha_Fierce) was released in November 2008 and formally introduced Beyoncé's alter ego (/wiki/Alter_ego) Sasha Fierce. [105] (#cite_note-108) It was met with mixed reviews from critics, [106] (#cite_note-109) but sold 482,000 copies in its first week, debuting atop the Billboard 200, and giving Beyoncé her third consecutive number-one album in the US. [107] (#cite_note-110) The album featured her fourth UK number-one single " If I Were a Boy (/wiki/If_I_Were_a_Boy) " and her fifth U.S. number-one song " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) ". [108] (#cite_note-111) " Halo (/wiki/Halo_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " achieved the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career, [109] (#cite_note-112) "Halo " 's success in the U.S. helped Beyoncé attain more top-ten singles on the list than any other woman during the 2000s. [110] (#cite_note-113) The music video for "Single Ladies" has been parodied and imitated around the world, spawning the "first major dance craze" of the Internet age (/wiki/Internet_age) according to the Toronto Star (/wiki/Toronto_Star) . [111] (#cite_note-First_dance_craze-114) At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2009_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , the video won three categories, including Video of the Year. [112] (#cite_note-VMA-115) Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) 's " You Belong with Me (/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me) ", led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony (/wiki/Kanye_West_MTV_Video_Music_Awards_controversy) and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech. [112] (#cite_note-VMA-115) In March 2009, Beyoncé embarked on the I Am... Tour (/wiki/I_Am..._(Beyonc%C3%A9_tour)) , her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million. [113] (#cite_note-116) Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues (/wiki/Blues) singer Etta James (/wiki/Etta_James) in the 2008 musical biopic Cadillac Records (/wiki/Cadillac_Records) . Her performance in the film received praise from critics, [114] (#cite_note-masterson-117) and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award (/wiki/Satellite_Award) nomination for Best Supporting Actress (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture) , and a NAACP (/wiki/NAACP) Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture) . [115] (#cite_note-118) [116] (#cite_note-119) Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country. [117] (#cite_note-120) Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter (/wiki/Ali_Larter) and Idris Elba (/wiki/Idris_Elba) in the thriller, Obsessed (/wiki/Obsessed_(2009_film)) . She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife whose family is threatened by her husband's stalker (/wiki/Stalking) . The film received negative reviews from critics, [118] (#cite_note-121) and did well at the U.S. box office, grossing $68 million – $60 million more than Cadillac Records [119] (#cite_note-122) – on a budget of $20 million. [120] (#cite_note-123) At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/52nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , Beyoncé received ten nominations, tying with Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. [121] (#cite_note-124) Beyoncé went on to win six of those nominations, breaking a record (/wiki/Grammy_Award_records#Most_Grammys_won_by_a_female_artist_in_one_night) she previously tied in 2004 for the most Grammy awards won in a single night by a female artist with six. In 2010, Beyoncé provide guest vocals on Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) 's single " Telephone (/wiki/Telephone_(song)) ". [122] (#cite_note-UKChartHistory-125) [123] (#cite_note-126) The song topped the U.S. Pop Songs (/wiki/Mainstream_Top_40_(Pop_Songs)) chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) for most number-ones since the Nielsen (/wiki/Nielsen_Broadcast_Data_Systems) Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992. [124] (#cite_note-127) Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again". [125] (#cite_note-hiatus-128) [126] (#cite_note-129) During the break, she and her father parted ways as business partners. [127] (#cite_note-130) [128] (#cite_note-131) Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China (/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China) , the Egyptian pyramids (/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids) , Australia, English music festivals (/wiki/Festivals_in_the_United_Kingdom) and various museums and ballet performances. [125] (#cite_note-hiatus-128) [129] (#cite_note-132) "Eat, Play, Love", a cover story written by Beyoncé for Essence (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists (/wiki/National_Association_of_Black_Journalists) . [130] (#cite_note-133) Beyoncé's performing during her 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé (/wiki/4_Intimate_Nights_with_Beyonc%C3%A9) concert residency in August 2011 On June 26, 2011, she became the first solo female artist to headline the main Pyramid stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival (/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival_2011) in over twenty years. [131] (#cite_note-134) [132] (#cite_note-135) The performance (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_2011_Glastonbury_performance) was lauded, with several publications noting an ascension in Knowles' capabilities as a live performer. Other publications discussed the polarized attitude of the UK music establishment in response to a Black woman performing on the same stages and to the same crowd sizes that were past reserved for legacy rock acts. [133] (#cite_note-136) [134] (#cite_note-137) Her fourth studio album 4 (/wiki/4_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) was released two days prior in the US. [135] (#cite_note-138) 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles " Run the World (Girls) (/wiki/Run_the_World_(Girls)) " and " Best Thing I Never Had (/wiki/Best_Thing_I_Never_Had) ". [71] (#cite_note-beyoncehot100-73) [122] (#cite_note-UKChartHistory-125) [136] (#cite_note-139) The fourth single " Love on Top (/wiki/Love_on_Top) " spent seven consecutive weeks at number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs) chart, while peaking at number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, the highest peak from the album. [137] (#cite_note-140) In late 2011, she took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom (/wiki/Roseland_Ballroom) for four nights of special performances: [138] (#cite_note-beyonceonline1-141) the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé concerts saw the performance of her 4 album to a standing room only. [138] (#cite_note-beyonceonline1-141) On August 1, 2011, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA), having shipped 1 million copies to retail stores. [139] (#cite_note-142) By December 2015, it reached sales of 1.5 million copies in the US. [140] (#cite_note-4_US_Sales-143) The album reached one billion Spotify (/wiki/Spotify) streams on February 5, 2018, making Beyoncé the first female artist to have three of their albums surpass one billion streams on the platform. [141] (#cite_note-144) In June 2012, she performed for four nights (/wiki/Revel_Presents:_Beyonc%C3%A9_Live) at Revel Atlantic City (/wiki/Revel_Atlantic_City) 's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to her daughter. [142] (#cite_note-145) [143] (#cite_note-146) 2013–2017: Super Bowl XLVII, Beyoncé , and Lemonade Beyoncé performing at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show) on February 3, 2013 In January 2013, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration (/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama) in Washington, D.C. [144] (#cite_note-secondinauguration-147) [145] (#cite_note-148) The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show) , held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Superdome) in New Orleans (/wiki/New_Orleans) . [146] (#cite_note-149) The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. [147] (#cite_note-150) Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream (/wiki/Life_Is_But_a_Dream_(film)) , first aired on HBO (/wiki/HBO) on February 16, 2013. [148] (#cite_note-151) The film was co-directed by Beyoncé herself. [149] (#cite_note-152) Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (/wiki/The_Mrs._Carter_Show_World_Tour) on April 15 in Belgrade (/wiki/Belgrade) , Serbia (/wiki/Serbia) ; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most successful tours of all time. [150] (#cite_note-153) In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse (/wiki/Amy_Winehouse) 's " Back to Black (/wiki/Back_to_Black_(song)) " with André 3000 (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_3000) on The Great Gatsby (/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2013_film)) soundtrack (/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(soundtrack)) was released. [151] (#cite_note-154) Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D (/wiki/3D_film) CGI animated (/wiki/CGI_animation) film, Epic (/wiki/Epic_(2013_film)) , released by 20th Century Fox (/wiki/20th_Century_Fox) on May 24, [152] (#cite_note-155) and recorded an original song for the film, "Rise Up", co-written with Sia (/wiki/Sia) . [153] (#cite_note-156) On December 13, 2013, Beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(album)) on the iTunes Store (/wiki/ITunes_Store) without any prior announcement or promotion. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album in the US. [154] (#cite_note-applePR-157) This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one. [155] (#cite_note-5th_Album_Billboard_Debut-158) Beyoncé received critical acclaim [156] (#cite_note-sisario-159) and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days; [157] (#cite_note-160) Musically an electro (/wiki/Electro_(music)) - R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as " bulimia (/wiki/Bulimia) , postnatal depression (/wiki/Postpartum_depression) [and] the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood". [158] (#cite_note-NME-161) The single " Drunk in Love (/wiki/Drunk_in_Love) ", featuring Jay-Z, peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. [159] (#cite_note-162) According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry) (IFPI), Beyoncé sold 2.3 million units worldwide, becoming the tenth best-selling album of 2013. [160] (#cite_note-ifpi2013-163) The album also went on to become the twentieth best-selling album of 2014. [161] (#cite_note-ifpi2014-164) As of November 2014 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beyonc%C3%A9&action=edit) , Beyoncé has sold over 5 million copies worldwide and has generated over 1 billion streams, as of March 2015 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beyonc%C3%A9&action=edit) . [162] (#cite_note-streams-165) At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/57th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Performance) and Best R&B Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Song) for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Surround_Sound_Album) for Beyoncé . [163] (#cite_note-:1-166) [164] (#cite_note-167) In April 2014, Beyoncé and Jay-Z officially announced their On the Run Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_Tour_(Beyonc%C3%A9_and_Jay-Z)) . It served as the couple's first co-headlining stadium tour together. [165] (#cite_note-joint_tour-168) On August 24, 2014, she received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2014_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) . Beyoncé also won home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for "Pretty Hurts", as well as best collaboration for "Drunk in Love". [166] (#cite_note-169) In November, Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row – earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013. [167] (#cite_note-170) Beyoncé released " Formation (/wiki/Formation_(song)) " in on February 6, 2016, and performed it live for the first time during the NFL (/wiki/National_Football_League) Super Bowl 50 halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_50_halftime_show) . The appearance was considered controversial as it appeared to reference the 50th anniversary of the Black Panther Party (/wiki/Black_Panther_Party) and the NFL forbids political statements in its performances. [168] (#cite_note-171) [169] (#cite_note-172) [170] (#cite_note-173) Immediately following the performance, Beyoncé announced The Formation World Tour (/wiki/The_Formation_World_Tour) , which highlighted stops in both North America and Europe. [171] (#cite_note-174) [172] (#cite_note-175) It ended on October 7, with Beyoncé bringing out her husband Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) , and Serena Williams (/wiki/Serena_Williams) for the last show. [173] (#cite_note-176) The tour went on to win Tour of the Year at the 44th American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_2016) . [174] (#cite_note-177) Beyoncé performing during The Formation World Tour (/wiki/The_Formation_World_Tour) in 2016. The tour grossed $256 million from 49 sold-out shows. In April 2016, Beyoncé released a teaser clip for a project called Lemonade . A one-hour film (/wiki/Lemonade_(2016_film)) which aired on HBO (/wiki/HBO) on April 23, a corresponding album with the same title (/wiki/Lemonade_(album)) was released on the same day exclusively on Tidal. [175] (#cite_note-178) Lemonade debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, making Beyoncé the first act in Billboard history to have their first six studio albums debut atop the chart; she broke a record previously tied with DMX (/wiki/DMX_(rapper)) in 2013. [176] (#cite_note-179) With all 12 tracks of Lemonade debuting on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, Beyoncé also became the first female act to chart 12 or more songs at the same time. [177] (#cite_note-180) Lemonade was streamed 115 million times through Tidal, setting a record for the most-streamed album in a single week by a female artist in history. [178] (#cite_note-181) It was 2016's third highest-selling album in the U.S. with 1.554 million copies sold in that time period within the country [179] (#cite_note-182) as well as the best-selling album worldwide with global sales of 2.5 million throughout the year. [180] (#cite_note-:0-183) Lemonade became the most critically acclaimed work of her career. [181] (#cite_note-184) Several music publications included the album among the best of 2016, including Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) , which listed Lemonade at number one. [182] (#cite_note-185) The album's visuals were nominated in 11 categories at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2016_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , the most ever received by Beyoncé in a single year, and went on to win 8 awards, including Video of the Year for "Formation". [183] (#cite_note-186) [184] (#cite_note-187) The eight wins made Beyoncé the most-awarded artist in the history of the VMAs (24), surpassing Madonna (20). [185] (#cite_note-VMAS_Record-188) Beyoncé occupied the sixth place for Time magazine's 2016 Person of the Year (/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year) . [186] (#cite_note-189) In January 2017, it was announced that Beyoncé would headline the Coachella Music and Arts Festival (/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival) . This would have made Beyoncé only the second female headliner of the festival since it was founded in 1999. [187] (#cite_note-190) It was later announced on February 23, 2017, that Beyoncé would no longer be able to perform at the festival due to doctor's concerns regarding her pregnancy. The festival owners announced that she would instead headline the 2018 festival. [188] (#cite_note-191) Upon the announcement of Beyoncé's departure from the festival lineup, ticket prices dropped by 12%. [189] (#cite_note-192) At the 59th Grammy Awards (/wiki/59th_Annual_Grammy_Awards) in February 2017, Lemonade led the nominations with nine, including Album, Record, and Song of the Year for Lemonade and "Formation" respectively. [190] (#cite_note-193) and ultimately won two, Best Urban Contemporary Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Urban_Contemporary_Album) for Lemonade and Best Music Video (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video) for "Formation". [191] (#cite_note-194) In September 2017, Beyoncé collaborated with J Balvin (/wiki/J_Balvin) and Willy William (/wiki/Willy_William) , to release a remix of the song " Mi Gente (/wiki/Mi_Gente_(J_Balvin_and_Willy_William_song)) ". Beyoncé donated all proceeds from the song to hurricane charities for those affected by Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in Texas, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and other Caribbean Islands. [192] (#cite_note-195) On November 10, Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) released " Walk on Water (/wiki/Walk_on_Water_(Eminem_song)) " featuring Beyoncé as the lead single from his album Revival (/wiki/Revival_(Eminem_album)) . On November 30, Ed Sheeran (/wiki/Ed_Sheeran) announced that Beyoncé would feature on the remix to his song " Perfect (/wiki/Perfect_Duet) ". [193] (#cite_note-196) "Perfect Duet" was released on December 1, 2017. The song reached number-one in the United States, becoming Beyoncé's sixth song of her solo career to do so. [194] (#cite_note-197) 2018–2021: Everything Is Love and The Lion King On January 4, 2018, the music video of Beyoncé and Jay-Z's 4:44 (/wiki/4:44_(album)) collaboration, " Family Feud (/wiki/Family_Feud_(song)) " was released. [195] (#cite_note-198) It was directed by Ava DuVernay (/wiki/Ava_DuVernay) . On March 1, 2018, DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) released " Top Off (/wiki/Top_Off) " as the first single from his forthcoming album Father of Asahd featuring Beyoncé, husband Jay-Z, and Future (/wiki/Future_(rapper)) . [196] (#cite_note-199) On March 5, 2018, a joint tour with Knowles's husband Jay-Z, was leaked on Facebook. [197] (#cite_note-200) Information about the tour was later taken down. The couple announced the joint tour officially as On the Run II Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_II_Tour) on March 12 [198] (#cite_note-201) and simultaneously released a trailer for the tour on YouTube. [199] (#cite_note-202) On April 14, 2018, Beyoncé played the first of two weekends as the headlining act of the Coachella Music Festival (/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival) . Her performance of April 14 (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_2018_Coachella_performance) , attended by 125,000 festival-goers, was immediately praised, with multiple media outlets describing it as historic. The performance became the most-tweeted-about performance of weekend one, as well as the most-watched live Coachella performance and the most-watched live performance on YouTube of all time. The show paid tribute to black culture, specifically historically black colleges and universities (/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities) and featured a live band with over 100 dancers. Destiny's Child also reunited during the show. [200] (#cite_note-203) [201] (#cite_note-204) On June 6, 2018, Beyoncé and husband Jay-Z kicked-off the On the Run II Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_II_Tour) in Cardiff (/wiki/Cardiff) , United Kingdom. Ten days later, at their final London performance, the pair unveiled Everything Is Love (/wiki/Everything_Is_Love) , their joint studio album, credited under the name The Carters, and initially available exclusively on Tidal. The pair also released the video for the album's lead single, " Apeshit (/wiki/Apeshit_(song)) ", on Beyoncé's official YouTube channel. [202] (#cite_note-205) [203] (#cite_note-206) Everything Is Love received generally positive reviews, [204] (#cite_note-207) and debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) , with 123,000 album-equivalent units (/wiki/Album-equivalent_units) , of which 70,000 were pure album sales. [205] (#cite_note-208) On December 2, 2018, Beyoncé alongside Jay-Z headlined the Global Citizen Festival (/wiki/Global_Citizen_Festival) : Mandela 100 which was held at FNB Stadium (/wiki/FNB_Stadium) in Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) , South Africa. [206] (#cite_note-209) Their 2-hour performance had concepts similar to the On the Run II Tour and Beyoncé was praised for her outfits, which paid tribute to Africa's diversity. [207] (#cite_note-210) Beyoncé at The Lion King European premiere in 2019 Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) , a documentary and concert film focusing on Beyoncé's historic 2018 Coachella (/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival) performances (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_2018_Coachella_performance) , was released by Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) on April 17, 2019. [208] (#cite_note-211) [209] (#cite_note-212) The film was accompanied by the surprise live album Homecoming: The Live Album (/wiki/Homecoming:_The_Live_Album) . [210] (#cite_note-213) It was later reported that Beyoncé and Netflix had signed a $60 million deal to produce three different projects, one of which is Homecoming . [211] (#cite_note-214) Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé received six nominations at the 71st Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards (/wiki/71st_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) . [212] (#cite_note-LATimes_20190716-215) Beyoncé starred as the voice of Nala (/wiki/Nala_(The_Lion_King)) in the remake The Lion King (/wiki/The_Lion_King_(2019_film)) , which was released in July 2019. [213] (#cite_note-216) Beyoncé is featured on the film's soundtrack (/wiki/The_Lion_King_(2019_soundtrack)) , released on July 11, 2019, with a remake of the song " Can You Feel the Love Tonight (/wiki/Can_You_Feel_the_Love_Tonight) " alongside Donald Glover (/wiki/Donald_Glover) , Billy Eichner (/wiki/Billy_Eichner) and Seth Rogen (/wiki/Seth_Rogen) , which was originally composed by Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) . [214] (#cite_note-217) An original song from the film by Beyoncé, " Spirit (/wiki/Spirit_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", was released as the lead single from both the soundtrack and The Lion King: The Gift (/wiki/The_Lion_King:_The_Gift) – a companion album released alongside the film, produced and curated by Beyoncé. [215] (#cite_note-TheGift-218) [216] (#cite_note-JohnRiceBeyoncé-219) Beyoncé called The Lion King: The Gift a "sonic cinema". She stated that the album is influenced by everything from R&B (/wiki/R%26B) , pop, hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) and Afro Beat (/wiki/Afro_Beat) . [215] (#cite_note-TheGift-218) The songs were produced by African producers, which Beyoncé said was because "authenticity and heart were important to [her]", since the film is set in Africa. [215] (#cite_note-TheGift-218) In September of the same year, a documentary chronicling the development, production and early music video filming of The Lion King: The Gift entitled " Beyoncé Presents: Making The Gift (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Presents:_Making_The_Gift) " was aired on ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) . [217] (#cite_note-220) In March 2020, a photograph Beyoncé captured of her swimming pool was used as the album cover for rapper Jay Electronica (/wiki/Jay_Electronica) 's highly anticipated debut album A Written Testimony (/wiki/A_Written_Testimony) . [218] (#cite_note-Pool-221) In April of the same year, Beyoncé was featured on the remix of Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) 's song " Savage (/wiki/Savage_(Beyonc%C3%A9_remix)) ", marking her first music release for the year. [219] (#cite_note-RapUpRemix-222) The song peaked at number one on the Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) Hot 100, marking Beyoncé's eleventh song to do so across all acts. [220] (#cite_note-223) On June 19, 2020, Beyoncé released the nonprofit charity single " Black Parade (/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)) ". [221] (#cite_note-224) On June 23, she followed up the release of its studio version with an a cappella (/wiki/A_cappella) version exclusively on Tidal (/wiki/Tidal_(service)) . [222] (#cite_note-225) Black Is King (/wiki/Black_Is_King) , a visual album (/wiki/Visual_album) based on the music of The Lion King: The Gift , premiered globally on Disney+ (/wiki/Disney%2B) on July 31, 2020. Produced by Disney and Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) , the film was written, directed and executively produced by Beyoncé. The film was described by Disney as "a celebratory memoir for the world on the Black experience". [223] (#cite_note-226) Beyoncé received the most nominations (9) at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/63rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) and the most awards (4), which made her the most-awarded singer, most-awarded female artist, and second-most-awarded artist in Grammy history (/wiki/Grammy_Award_records#Most_Grammys_won) . [224] (#cite_note-227) In 2021, Beyoncé wrote and recorded a song titled " Be Alive (/wiki/Be_Alive) " for the biographical (/wiki/Biographical_film) drama film (/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)) King Richard (/wiki/King_Richard_(film)) . [225] (#cite_note-228) She received her first Academy Award (/wiki/Academy_Awards) nomination for Best Original Song (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song) at the 94th Academy Awards (/wiki/94th_Academy_Awards) for the song, alongside co-writer Dixson (/wiki/Dixson_(singer)) . [226] (#cite_note-229) 2022–present: Three-act project Beyoncé performing at the Renaissance World Tour (/wiki/Renaissance_World_Tour) On March 27, 2022, Beyoncé performed "Be Alive" at the 94th Academy Awards. Choreographed by friend and past collaborator Fatima Robinson (/wiki/Fatima_Robinson) , Beyoncé was applauded for choosing to perform on the Compton tennis courts Venus (/wiki/Venus_Williams) and Serena Williams (/wiki/Serena_Williams) practiced on in their childhood instead of at the venue. [227] (#cite_note-230) [228] (#cite_note-231) On June 9, 2022, Beyoncé removed her profile pictures across various social media platforms, causing speculation that she would be releasing new music. [229] (#cite_note-232) Days later, Beyoncé caused further speculation via her nonprofit BeyGood's Twitter account hinting at her upcoming seventh studio album. [230] (#cite_note-233) On June 15, 2022, Beyoncé officially announced her seventh studio album would be titled Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) . [231] (#cite_note-rol-234) The lead single of Renaissance , " Break My Soul (/wiki/Break_My_Soul) ", was released on June 20, 2022. [232] (#cite_note-235) The album was released on July 29, 2022. [233] (#cite_note-236) [234] (#cite_note-237) "Break My Soul" became Beyoncé's 20th top ten single on the Billboard Hot 100, and in doing so, Beyoncé joined Paul McCartney (/wiki/Paul_McCartney) and Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) as the only artists in Hot 100 history to achieve at least twenty top tens as a solo artist and ten as a member of a group. [8] (#cite_note-Billboard_July_5-10) As Renaissance was released, Beyoncé announced the album was the first installment of a trilogy (/wiki/Trilogy) she conceived and recorded over three years during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , a time she found to be her "most creative [period]." [235] (#cite_note-238) [231] (#cite_note-rol-234) The three recorded projects are designated into acts (/wiki/Act_(drama)) under Roman numerals (/wiki/Roman_numerals) . [236] (#cite_note-239) Upon release, Renaissance received universal acclaim from critics. [237] (#cite_note-240) Renaissance debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) chart, and in doing so, Beyoncé became the first female artist to have her first seven studio albums debut at number one in the United States. [238] (#cite_note-billboard.com-241) "Break My Soul" concurrently rose to number-one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the twelfth song to do so across her career discography. [239] (#cite_note-242) The song "Heated," which was co-written with Canadian rapper Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) , originally included the lyrics "Spazzin' on that ass / spazz on that ass". Critics, including a number of disability charities and activists, argued that the word "spaz" represented a derogatory term for spastic diplegia (/wiki/Spastic_diplegia) , a form of cerebral palsy (/wiki/Cerebral_palsy) . In response, in August 2022, a representative for Beyoncé issued a statement and explained that "The word, not used intentionally in a harmful way, will be replaced". [240] (#cite_note-243) [241] (#cite_note-244) On January 21, 2023, Beyoncé performed in Dubai at a private show (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_2023_Dubai_performance) . [242] (#cite_note-245) The performance, which was her first full concert in more than four years, was delivered to an audience of influencers and journalists. [243] (#cite_note-:3-246) Beyoncé was reportedly paid $24 million to perform. [244] (#cite_note-rollingstone.co.uk-247) Beyoncé faced criticism for her decision to perform in the United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) where homosexuality is illegal. [244] (#cite_note-rollingstone.co.uk-247) [243] (#cite_note-:3-246) [245] (#cite_note-248) On February 1, Beyoncé announced the Renaissance World Tour (/wiki/Renaissance_World_Tour) with dates in North America and Europe, [246] (#cite_note-249) becoming for a short-span the highest-grossing tour by a female artist (/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women) . [247] (#cite_note-250) On July 28, Beyoncé appeared on " Delresto (Echoes) (/wiki/Delresto_(Echoes)) ", the second single from rapper Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) 's album Utopia (/wiki/Utopia_(Travis_Scott_album)) , eventually becoming her 100th career appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (encompassing Destiny's Child, her solo career, and musical duo The Carters). [248] (#cite_note-251) On November 30, 2023, Beyoncé released documentary concert film Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Renaissance:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) written, directed, and produced by her in collaboration with film distributor AMC Theatres (/wiki/AMC_Theatres) . The film chronicles the development and execution of Beyoncé's Renaissance World Tour, and contained new song " My House (/wiki/My_House_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " in the end credits. In February 2024, Beyoncé launched her hair care (/wiki/Hair_care) brand Cécred (/wiki/C%C3%A9cred) . [249] (#cite_note-252) On February 11, 2024, immediately following a partner commercial with Verizon (/wiki/Verizon) for the Super Bowl LVIII (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LVIII) , she announced the second installment of her trilogy project and released its first two songs, " Texas Hold 'Em (/wiki/Texas_Hold_%27Em_(song)) " and " 16 Carriages (/wiki/16_Carriages) ". [250] (#cite_note-253) "Texas Hold 'Em" became her highest chart debut in her career, her ninth solo number-one and her thirteenth across all credits on the Billboard Hot 100. On March 12, 2024, she announced the album's title, Cowboy Carter (/wiki/Cowboy_Carter) . [251] (#cite_note-254) [252] (#cite_note-255) A country and gospel-tinged record, it was released on March 29 to universal acclaim from critics, and includes collaborations with artists including Tanner Adell (/wiki/Tanner_Adell) and her daughter Rumi Carter, Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) , Tiera Kennedy, Willie Jones, Post Malone (/wiki/Post_Malone) , Linda Martell (/wiki/Linda_Martell) , Willie Nelson (/wiki/Willie_Nelson) , Shaboozey (/wiki/Shaboozey) , Brittney Spencer (/wiki/Brittney_Spencer) , Dolly Parton (/wiki/Dolly_Parton) , and Reyna Roberts (/wiki/Reyna_Roberts) . [253] (#cite_note-256) Artistry Voice and musical style With "Single Ladies", clearly I'd just gotten married, and people want to get married every day – then there was the whole Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) thing [recreating the video] on Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) , and it was also the year YouTube blew up. With "Irreplaceable", the aggressive lyrics, the acoustic guitar, and the 808 drum machine (/wiki/808_drums) – those things don't typically go together, and it sounded fresh. "Crazy in Love" was another one of those classic moments in pop culture that none of us expected. I asked Jay to get on the song the night before I had to turn my album in – thank God he did. It still never gets old, no matter how many times I sing it. —Beyoncé [254] (#cite_note-billboard_q&a-257) Critics have described Beyoncé's voice as being mezzo-soprano (/wiki/Mezzo-soprano) . [255] (#cite_note-258) [256] (#cite_note-259) Jody Rosen (/wiki/Jody_Rosen) highlights her tone (/wiki/Musical_tone) and timbre (/wiki/Timbre) as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music". [257] (#cite_note-rosen2014-260) Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. [258] (#cite_note-261) Jon Pareles of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) commented that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting (/wiki/Belting_(music)) ". [259] (#cite_note-Pareles-262) Rosen notes that the hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop) era highly influenced Beyoncé's unique rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel (/wiki/Gospel_music) and falsetto (/wiki/Falsetto) . [257] (#cite_note-rosen2014-260) Other critics praise her range (/wiki/Vocal_range) and power, with Chris Richards of The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) saying she was "capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars." [260] (#cite_note-263) On the 2023 Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) 's list of the 200 Greatest Singers of all time, Beyoncé ranked at number 8, with the publication noting that "in [her] voice lies the entire history of Black music". [261] (#cite_note-264) Beyoncé's music is generally R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) , [262] (#cite_note-AllMusic12-265) [263] (#cite_note-266) pop (/wiki/Pop_music) [262] (#cite_note-AllMusic12-265) [264] (#cite_note-267) and hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) [265] (#cite_note-JayZ&BeyonceTheKing&QueenofHipHop-268) but she also incorporates soul (/wiki/Soul_music) and funk (/wiki/Funk) into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 1990s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. [254] (#cite_note-billboard_q&a-257) While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (/wiki/Irreemplazable) (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day . To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez. [266] (#cite_note-Vineyard1-269) Songwriting Beyoncé has received co-writing credits for most of her songs. [267] (#cite_note-Fallon-270) In regards to the way she approaches collaborative songwriting, Beyoncé explained: "I love being around great writers because I'm finding that a lot of the things I want to say, I don't articulate as good as maybe Amanda Ghost (/wiki/Amanda_Ghost) , so I want to keep collaborating with writers, and I love classics and I want to make sure years from now the song is still something that's relevant." [268] (#cite_note-271) Her early songs with Destiny's Child were personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions like "Independent Women" and "Survivor", but after the start of her relationship with Jay-Z, she transitioned to more man-tending anthems such as " Cater 2 U (/wiki/Cater_2_U) ". [269] (#cite_note-Vineyard-272) Beyoncé's songwriting process is also known for combining parts of different tracks, resulting in alteration of song structures. Sia (/wiki/Sia) , who co-wrote " Pretty Hurts (/wiki/Pretty_Hurts) ", called Beyoncé "very Frankenstein (/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein) when she comes to songs"; [270] (#cite_note-273) Diana Gordon (/wiki/Diana_Gordon_(singer)) , who co-wrote " Don't Hurt Yourself (/wiki/Don%27t_Hurt_Yourself_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " called her a "scientist of songs"; [271] (#cite_note-274) Caroline Polachek (/wiki/Caroline_Polachek) who co-wrote " No Angel (/wiki/No_Angel_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", called her a "genius writer and producer for this reason. She's so good at seeing connections." [272] (#cite_note-275) In 2001, she became the first Black woman and second female lyricist to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the ASCAP (/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors,_and_Publishers) Pop Music Awards. [18] (#cite_note-FOX-20) [273] (#cite_note-CBS-276) Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number-one songs ("Irreplaceable", " Grillz (/wiki/Grillz) " and "Check on It") in the same year, after Carole King (/wiki/Carole_King) in 1971 and Mariah Carey in 1991. She is tied with American lyricist Diane Warren (/wiki/Diane_Warren) at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles. [274] (#cite_note-277) The latter wrote her song " I Was Here (/wiki/I_Was_Here_(song)) " for 4 , which was motivated by the September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) . [275] (#cite_note-278) In May 2011, Billboard magazine listed Beyoncé at number 17 on their list of the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was one of only three women on that list, along with Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) and Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) . [276] (#cite_note-279) Beyoncé has received criticism, including from journalists and musicians, for the extensive writing credits on her songs. [267] (#cite_note-Fallon-270) The controversy surrounding her songwriting credits began with interviews in which she attributed herself as the songwriter for songs in which she was a co-writer [277] (#cite_note-Kritselis-280) or for which her contributions were marginal. [267] (#cite_note-Fallon-270) In a cover story for Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) in 2005, she claimed to have "written" several number-one songs for Destiny's Child, contrary to the credits, which list her as a co-writer among others. [277] (#cite_note-Kritselis-280) During a 2007 interview with Barbara Walters (/wiki/Barbara_Walters) , she claimed to have conceived the musical idea for the Destiny's Child song "Bootylicious", [278] (#cite_note-281) which provoked the song's producer Rob Fusari (/wiki/Rob_Fusari) to call her father and then-manager Mathew Knowles in protest over the claim. In 2010, Fusari told Billboard : "[Knowles] explained to me, in a nice way, he said, 'People don't want to hear about Rob Fusari, producer from Livingston, N.J. No offense, but that's not what sells records. What sells records is people believing that the artist is everything. ' " [279] (#cite_note-282) However, in an interview for Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) in 2016, Fusari said Beyoncé "had the 'Bootylicious' concept in her head. That was totally her. She knew what she wanted to say. It was very urban pop angle that they were taking on the record." [280] (#cite_note-283) Production I am really passionate about all of the steps [during] the production [...] I love to stack vocals, and I love to create my own little Oreo with arrangements, sometimes it can be thousands of vocals [and then] I go back and then kind of piece things together, because usually the songs are way too long [...] I go back and edit the structure of the song. [I] make sure that [...] every section has an intention, so that takes months. [...] I hear certain elements of things that go with things that are opposites. I am rarely happy with one track, it's usually four or five things put together that again don't really go together. I am so excited when I'm able to adjust the tempo (/wiki/Tempo) and key (/wiki/Key_(music)) and mute certain elements that don't complement and put opposites together. Sometimes it's just like the EQ (/wiki/Equalization_(audio)) of a synth (/wiki/Synth) or the warmth of a bass (/wiki/Bass_(sound)) or the distortion (/wiki/Distortion_(music)) of a bass that's on a different song and I can hear like, 'Ah! That's exactly what is missing to make the track full and complete!' — Beyoncé in pre-recorded audio speech at 'Club Renaissance' 2022 party. [281] (#cite_note-284) Beyoncé's collaborators frequently mention her talent and involvement in the record production (/wiki/Record_production) of her songs, [282] (#cite_note-285) [283] (#cite_note-286) sometimes describing her as a genius (/wiki/Genius) in the skill. [284] (#cite_note-287) She is known to have favorite saturation and distortion (/wiki/Distortion_(music)) plug‑ins (/wiki/Audio_plug-in) , intentionality about stereo imaging (/wiki/Stereo_imaging) and concentration on individual elements of her songs as a "focal point" in production. [285] (#cite_note-288) Influences Beyoncé's major influences include Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) (left) and Tina Turner (/wiki/Tina_Turner) (right). Beyoncé names Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) as her major musical influence. [286] (#cite_note-289) [287] (#cite_note-290) Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realized her purpose. [288] (#cite_note-291) When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards (/wiki/World_Music_Awards) in 2006, Beyoncé said, "if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed." [289] (#cite_note-292) Beyoncé was heavily influenced by Tina Turner (/wiki/Tina_Turner) , and once said "Tina Turner is someone that I admire, because she made her strength feminine and sexy". [290] (#cite_note-293) [291] (#cite_note-294) She admires Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) as an "all-around entertainer", [292] (#cite_note-Beyonce's_Inspirations-295) and Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) , who she said "inspired me to get up there and do what she did." [293] (#cite_note-296) [294] (#cite_note-297) Beyoncé cited Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) as an influence "not only for her musical style, but also for her business sense", [295] (#cite_note-298) saying that she wanted to "follow in the footsteps of Madonna and be a powerhouse and have my own empire." [296] (#cite_note-299) She also credits Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) 's singing and her song " Vision of Love (/wiki/Vision_of_Love) " as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. [297] (#cite_note-300) [298] (#cite_note-new_yorker-301) Her other musical influences include Rachelle Ferrell (/wiki/Rachelle_Ferrell) , [299] (#cite_note-302) Aaliyah (/wiki/Aaliyah) , [300] (#cite_note-303) [301] (#cite_note-304) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) , [302] (#cite_note-305) [303] (#cite_note-306) Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) , [304] (#cite_note-307) Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) , [292] (#cite_note-Beyonce's_Inspirations-295) Sade Adu (/wiki/Sade_(singer)) , [305] (#cite_note-308) Donna Summer (/wiki/Donna_Summer) , [306] (#cite_note-309) Fairuz (/wiki/Fairuz) , [307] (#cite_note-310) [308] (#cite_note-311) Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) , [309] (#cite_note-312) Selena (/wiki/Selena) , [310] (#cite_note-313) Anita Baker (/wiki/Anita_Baker) , and Toni Braxton (/wiki/Toni_Braxton) . [292] (#cite_note-Beyonce's_Inspirations-295) The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls [311] (#cite_note-314) and by singer Josephine Baker (/wiki/Josephine_Baker) . [312] (#cite_note-315) Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. [313] (#cite_note-316) Beyoncé's third solo album, I Am... Sasha Fierce , was inspired by Jay-Z and especially by Etta James, whose "boldness" inspired Beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles. [314] (#cite_note-317) Her fourth solo album, 4 , was inspired by Fela Kuti, 1990s R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B#1990s) , Earth, Wind & Fire (/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire) , DeBarge (/wiki/DeBarge) , Lionel Richie (/wiki/Lionel_Richie) , Teena Marie (/wiki/Teena_Marie) , The Jackson 5 (/wiki/The_Jackson_5) , New Edition (/wiki/New_Edition) , Adele (/wiki/Adele) , Florence and the Machine (/wiki/Florence_and_the_Machine) , and Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) . [254] (#cite_note-billboard_q&a-257) Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) (the 44th First Lady (/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States) of the United States), saying "she proves you can do it all", [315] (#cite_note-318) and has described Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman." [292] (#cite_note-Beyonce's_Inspirations-295) She has also discussed how Jay-Z is a continuing inspiration to her, both with what she describes as his lyrical genius and in the obstacles he has overcome in his life. [316] (#cite_note-319) Beyoncé has expressed admiration for the artist Jean-Michel Basquiat (/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat) , posting in a letter "what I find in the work of Jean-Michel Basquiat, I search for in every day in music ... he is lyrical and raw". [317] (#cite_note-320) [318] (#cite_note-321) Beyoncé has also cited Cher (/wiki/Cher) as a fashion inspiration. [319] (#cite_note-322) Videography and stage Beyoncé performing during the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/2009_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) In 2006, Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama (/wiki/Suga_Mama_(band)) (also the name of a song on B'Day ) which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists. [320] (#cite_note-323) Her background singers, The Mamas, consist of Montina Cooper-Donnell (/wiki/Suga_Mama_(band)) , Crystal Collins (/wiki/Suga_Mama_(band)) and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick (/wiki/Tiffany_Monique) . They made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards and re-appeared in the music videos for "Irreplaceable" and "Green Light". [266] (#cite_note-Vineyard1-269) The band have supported Beyoncé in most subsequent live performances, including her 2007 concert tour The Beyoncé Experience, I Am... Tour (2009–2010), The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (2013–2014) and The Formation World Tour (2016). Beyoncé has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian, Beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage. [321] (#cite_note-324) Similarly, Alice Jones of The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) wrote she "takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good." [322] (#cite_note-325) The ex-President of Def Jam (/wiki/Def_Jam) L.A. Reid (/wiki/L.A._Reid) has described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive. [323] (#cite_note-326) Jim Farber of the Daily News (/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)) and Stephanie Classen of The StarPhoenix (/wiki/The_StarPhoenix) both praised her strong voice and her stage presence. [324] (#cite_note-327) [325] (#cite_note-328) I choose to invest my time and energy only in projects that I am passionate about. Once I’ve committed, I give it all of me. I start with identifying my intention and making sure that I am aligned with the collaborators for the same purpose. It takes enormous patience to rock with me. My process is tedious. I review every second of footage several times and know it backwards and forwards. I find every ounce of magic and then I deconstruct it. I keep building more layers and repeat this editing process for months. I won’t let up until it’s undeniably reached its full potential. I believe my strength is understanding how storytelling, music, lighting, angles, fashion, art direction, history, dance, and editing work together. They are all equally important. — Beyoncé on her creative process for Black Is King (/wiki/Black_Is_King) [326] (#cite_note-bv-329) Beyoncé's stage outfits have been met with criticism from many countries, such as Malaysia, where she has postponed or cancelled performances due to the country's strict laws banning revealing costumes. [327] (#cite_note-330) Beyoncé has worked with numerous directors for her music videos throughout her career, including Melina Matsoukas (/wiki/Melina_Matsoukas) , Jonas Åkerlund (/wiki/Jonas_%C3%85kerlund) , and Jake Nava (/wiki/Jake_Nava) . Bill Condon (/wiki/Bill_Condon) , director of Beauty and the Beast (/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(2017_film)) , stated that the Lemonade visuals in particular served as inspiration for his film, commenting, "You look at Beyoncé's brilliant movie Lemonade , this genre is taking on so many different forms ... I do think that this very old-school break-out-into-song traditional musical is something that people understand again and really want." [328] (#cite_note-331) Alter ego Described as being "sexy, seductive and provocative" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego (/wiki/Alter_ego) "Sasha Fierce" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha Fierce as being "too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy", stating, "I'm not like her in real life at all." [329] (#cite_note-Depression-332) Sasha was conceived during the making of "Crazy in Love", and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album, I Am... Sasha Fierce . In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce. [330] (#cite_note-333) However, Beyoncé announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month. [331] (#cite_note-334) Miscellaneous Beyoncé has been documented pursuing many other passions, sometimes being described as a renaissance woman (/wiki/Polymath#Renaissance_man) . [332] (#cite_note-335) [333] (#cite_note-336) Some of these include canvas painting (/wiki/Canvas_painting) , [334] (#cite_note-pt-337) video editing (/wiki/Video_editing) , [335] (#cite_note-338) poetry (/wiki/Poetry) , [336] (#cite_note-339) scriptwriting (/wiki/Scriptwriting) , [337] (#cite_note-340) lighting design (/wiki/Lighting_design) , [338] (#cite_note-341) photography (/wiki/Photography) , [218] (#cite_note-Pool-221) cultural historiography (/wiki/Cultural_history) [339] (#cite_note-342) and beekeeping (/wiki/Beekeeping) (with around 80,000 bees (/wiki/Bees) ). [326] (#cite_note-bv-329) I started painting portraits of women [in 2002], while filming Austin Powers (/wiki/Austin_Powers_in_Goldmember) [...] I got hooked and wouldn't sleep. I made this special room with saris and pillows. I would light candles, play Miles Davis (/wiki/Miles_Davis) and Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , and paint all night. It was very therapeutic. Whenever I finish one of my paintings, I try to figure out what it represents in my life. I'll be like, 'It's dark behind her and light in front of her, so a dark period must be coming to an end. Something light and beautiful is going to happen.' — Beyoncé speaking to Inside Entertainment (/wiki/Inside_Entertainment) in February 2004. [334] (#cite_note-pt-337) Public image Beyoncé at the premiere of her 2006 film Dreamgirls Beyoncé has been described as having sex appeal (/wiki/Sex_appeal) , with music journalist Touré (/wiki/Tour%C3%A9_(journalist)) writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) , she has "become a crossover sex symbol (/wiki/Sex_symbol) ". [340] (#cite_note-343) When off stage, Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage". [341] (#cite_note-344) Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term " bootylicious (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bootylicious) " (a portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) of the words " booty (/wiki/Buttocks) " and "delicious") to describe Beyoncé, [342] (#cite_note-345) [343] (#cite_note-346) the term popularized by the single of the same name (/wiki/Bootylicious) by her group Destiny's Child. In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) . [344] (#cite_note-347) In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) 's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show. [345] (#cite_note-348) She was named the " World's Most Beautiful Woman (/wiki/People_Magazine%27s_100_Most_Beautiful_People) " by People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) [346] (#cite_note-349) and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) in 2012. [347] (#cite_note-350) In January 2013, GQ (/wiki/GQ) placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list. [348] (#cite_note-GQstory-351) [349] (#cite_note-352) VH1 (/wiki/VH1) listed her at number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list. [350] (#cite_note-353) Several wax figures (/wiki/Wax_figure) of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums (/wiki/Madame_Tussaud%27s_Wax_Museum) in major cities around the world, including New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , [351] (#cite_note-354) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , [352] (#cite_note-355) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) , [353] (#cite_note-356) Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , [354] (#cite_note-357) London (/wiki/London) , [355] (#cite_note-358) Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , [356] (#cite_note-359) Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) , [357] (#cite_note-360) [358] (#cite_note-361) Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) , [359] (#cite_note-362) Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) [360] (#cite_note-363) Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , [361] (#cite_note-364) Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) , [362] (#cite_note-365) Blackpool (/wiki/Blackpool) , [363] (#cite_note-366) Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , [364] (#cite_note-367) Orlando (/wiki/Orlando,_Florida) , [365] (#cite_note-368) San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , [366] (#cite_note-369) Nashville (/wiki/Nashville) , [367] (#cite_note-370) Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , [368] (#cite_note-371) Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) , [369] (#cite_note-372) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) [370] (#cite_note-373) and Delhi (/wiki/Delhi) . [371] (#cite_note-374) The latest was unveiled by Madame Tussauds New York (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_New_York) on July 27, 2023, showcasing Beyoncé's look from her historic 2018 Coachella performance. Debuted at Edge (/wiki/30_Hudson_Yards) , New York City's highest outdoor sky deck, the figure features Beyoncé in a Balmain bodysuit and Nefertiti-inspired headpiece, commemorating her as the first Black woman to headline the festival. This addition involved extensive collaboration with the original designers, requiring six months to capture Beyoncé's iconic style precisely. [372] (#cite_note-375) [373] (#cite_note-376) According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. [374] (#cite_note-377) Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style , [375] (#cite_note-378) an account of how fashion affected the trio's success. [376] (#cite_note-379) The B'Day Anthology Video Album (/wiki/B%27Day_Anthology_Video_Album) showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles. [377] (#cite_note-380) In 2007, Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) , becoming the second African American woman after model and television personality Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , [378] (#cite_note-People2-381) and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity. [379] (#cite_note-382) Beyoncé has been named " Queen Bey (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) " from publications over the years. The term is a reference to the common phrase " queen bee (/wiki/Queen_bee_(sociology)) ", a term used for the leader of a group of females. The nickname also refers to the Queen bee (/wiki/Queen_bee) of a beehive (/wiki/Beehive) , with her fan base being named "BeyHive". BeyHive was previously titled "The Beyontourage", (a portmanteau of Beyoncé and entourage), but was changed after online petitions on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) and online news reports during competitions. [380] (#cite_note-383) In 2006, the animal rights (/wiki/Animal_rights) organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon (/wiki/House_of_Der%C3%A9on) . [381] (#cite_note-PETA-384) Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University (/wiki/Northeastern_University) , wrote in 2007 that he thinks race plays a role in many criticisms of Beyoncé's image, saying white (/wiki/White_people) celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments. [382] (#cite_note-Jones-385) In 2008, the French personal care company L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) was accused of whitening (/wiki/Skin_whitening) her skin in their Feria (/wiki/Feria) hair color advertisements, responding that "it is categorically untrue", [383] (#cite_note-386) [384] (#cite_note-387) and in 2013, Beyoncé herself criticized H&M (/wiki/H%26M) for their proposed "retouching" of promotional images of her, and according to Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) requested that only "natural pictures be used". [385] (#cite_note-388) Beyoncé has been a vocal advocate for the Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) movement. The release of " Formation (/wiki/Formation_(song)) " on February 6, 2016, saw her celebrate her Sub-Saharan Black African ancestry, with the song's music video featuring pro-black (/wiki/Black_nationalism) imagery and a shot of wall graffiti that says "Stop shooting us". The day after the song's release, she performed it at the 2016 Super Bowl halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_50_halftime_show) with back up dancers dressed to represent the Black Panther Party (/wiki/Black_Panther_Party) . This incited criticism from conservative (/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States) politicians and police officers, with some police boycotting Beyoncé's then upcoming Formation World Tour (/wiki/The_Formation_World_Tour) . [386] (#cite_note-389) Beyoncé responded to the backlash by releasing tour merchandise that said "Boycott Beyoncé", [387] (#cite_note-390) [388] (#cite_note-391) [389] (#cite_note-392) and later clarified her sentiment, saying: "Anyone who perceives my message as anti-police (/wiki/Anti-police_sentiment) is completely mistaken. I have so much admiration and respect for officers and the families of officers who sacrifice themselves to keep us safe," Beyoncé said. "But let's be clear: I am against police brutality (/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States) and injustice (/wiki/Racial_injustice_in_the_United_States) . Those are two separate things." [390] (#cite_note-393) Personal life Marriage and children Beyoncé performing on the I Am... Tour (/wiki/I_Am..._(Beyonc%C3%A9_tour)) with Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , whom she married in 2008 In 2002, Beyoncé and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) collaborated on the song " '03 Bonnie & Clyde (/wiki/%2703_Bonnie_%26_Clyde) ", [391] (#cite_note-394) which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (/wiki/The_Blueprint_2:_The_Gift_%26_The_Curse) (2002). [392] (#cite_note-395) Beyoncé appeared as Jay-Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, fueling speculation about their relationship. [393] (#cite_note-396) On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay-Z married without publicity. [394] (#cite_note-marriage-397) As of April 2014 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beyonc%C3%A9&action=edit) , the couple had sold a combined 300 million records together. [165] (#cite_note-joint_tour-168) They are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed since 2013. [395] (#cite_note-398) Both have acknowledged difficulty that arose in their marriage after Jay-Z had an affair. [396] (#cite_note-399) [397] (#cite_note-400) Beyoncé miscarried around 2010 or 2011, describing it as "the saddest thing" she had ever endured. [398] (#cite_note-401) She returned to the studio and wrote music to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay-Z traveled to Paris (/wiki/Paris) to shoot the album cover for 4 (/wiki/4_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) , and she unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris. [399] (#cite_note-402) In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2011_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , at which Beyoncé performed " Love On Top (/wiki/Love_On_Top) " and ended the performance by revealing she was pregnant. [400] (#cite_note-mtv2011-403) Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV (/wiki/MTV) history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; [401] (#cite_note-Mitchell-404) the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , [402] (#cite_note-405) receiving 8,868 tweets per second [403] (#cite_note-406) and "Beyonce pregnant" was the most Googled (/wiki/Google_(verb)) phrase the week of August 29, 2011. [404] (#cite_note-407) On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy (/wiki/Blue_Ivy_Carter) , at Lenox Hill Hospital (/wiki/Lenox_Hill_Hospital) in New York City. [405] (#cite_note-BlueBirth-408) Following the release of Lemonade (/wiki/Lemonade_(album)) , which included the single " Sorry (/wiki/Sorry_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", in 2016, speculations arose about Jay-Z's alleged infidelity with a mistress referred to as "Becky". Jon Pareles (/wiki/Jon_Pareles) in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) pointed out that many of the accusations were "aimed specifically and recognizably" at him. [406] (#cite_note-pareles-409) Similarly, Rob Sheffield (/wiki/Rob_Sheffield) of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) noted the lines "Suck on my balls, I've had enough" were an "unmistakable hint" that the lyrics revolve around Jay-Z. [407] (#cite_note-410) On February 1, 2017, she revealed on her Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) account that she was expecting twins. Her announcement gained over 6.3 million likes within eight hours, breaking the world record for the most liked image (/wiki/List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts) on the website at the time. [408] (#cite_note-411) On July 13, 2017, Beyoncé uploaded the first image of herself and the twins onto her Instagram account, confirming their birth date as a month prior, on June 13, 2017, [409] (#cite_note-412) with the post becoming the second most liked on Instagram, behind her own pregnancy announcement. [410] (#cite_note-413) The twins, a daughter named Rumi and a son named Sir, were born at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center) in California (/wiki/California) via caesarean section (/wiki/Caesarean_section) . She wrote of her pregnancy and its aftermath in the September 2018 issue of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , in which she had full control of the cover, shot at Hammerwood Park (/wiki/Hammerwood_Park) by photographer Tyler Mitchell (/wiki/Tyler_Mitchell_(photographer)) . [411] (#cite_note-414) [412] (#cite_note-415) Politics Beyoncé performed " America the Beautiful (/wiki/America_the_Beautiful) " at President (/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) 's 2009 presidential inauguration (/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama) , as well as " At Last (/wiki/At_Last) " during the first inaugural dance at the Neighborhood Ball two days later. [413] (#cite_note-416) The couple held a fundraiser at Jay-Z's 40/40 Club (/wiki/40/40_Club) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) for President Obama's 2012 presidential campaign (/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign) [414] (#cite_note-417) which raised $4 million. [415] (#cite_note-418) Beyoncé voted for Obama in the 2012 presidential election (/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election) . [416] (#cite_note-419) She performed the American national anthem " The Star-Spangled Banner (/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner) " at his second inauguration (/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama) in January 2013. [144] (#cite_note-secondinauguration-147) The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) reported in May 2015, that Beyoncé attended a major celebrity fundraiser (/wiki/Fundraising) for 2016 presidential (/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election) nominee Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) . [417] (#cite_note-420) She also headlined for Clinton in a concert held the weekend before Election Day the next year. In this performance, Beyoncé and her entourage of backup dancers wore pantsuits (/wiki/Pantsuit) ; a clear allusion to Clinton's frequent dress-of-choice. The backup dancers also wore "I'm with her" (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign) tee shirts, the campaign slogan for Clinton. In a brief speech at this performance Beyoncé said, "I want my daughter to grow up seeing a woman lead our country and knowing that her possibilities are limitless." [418] (#cite_note-421) She endorsed the bid of Beto O'Rourke (/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke) during the 2018 United States Senate election in Texas (/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas) . [419] (#cite_note-422) Activism Beyoncé has conducted several fundraising and donation campaigns during her tours In 2013, Beyoncé stated in an interview in Vogue that she considered herself to be "a modern-day feminist (/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism) ". [420] (#cite_note-423) She would later align herself more publicly with the movement (/wiki/Feminism) , sampling "We should all be feminists", a speech delivered by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (/wiki/Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie) at a TEDx (/wiki/TEDx) talk in April 2013, in her song " Flawless (/wiki/Flawless_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", released later that year. [421] (#cite_note-424) The next year she performed live at the MTV Video Awards (/wiki/2014_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) in front a giant backdrop reading "Feminist". [422] (#cite_note-425) Her self-identification incited a circulation of opinions and debate about whether her feminism is aligned with older, more established feminist ideals. Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) , celebrated artist and feminist advocate, referred to Beyoncé's use of her word feminist as 'feminist lite'. [423] (#cite_note-426) Adichie responded with "her type of feminism is not mine, as it is the kind that, at the same time, gives quite a lot of space to the necessity of men." [424] (#cite_note-427) Adichie expands upon what "feminist lite" means to her, referring that "more troubling is the idea, in Feminism Lite, that men are naturally superior but should be expected to 'treat women well'" and "we judge powerful women more harshly than we judge powerful men. And Feminism Lite enables this." [425] (#cite_note-428) Beyoncé responded about her intent by utilizing the definition of feminist with her platform was to "give clarity to the true meaning" behind it. She says to understand what being a feminist is, "it's very simple. It's someone who believes in equal rights for men and women (/wiki/Gender_equality) ." She advocated to provide equal opportunities for young boys and girls, men and women must begin to understand the double standards (/wiki/Double_standard) that remain persistent in our societies and the issue must be illuminated in effort to start making changes. [426] (#cite_note-independent.co.uk-429) She has also contributed to the Ban Bossy (/wiki/Ban_Bossy) campaign, which uses TV and social media to encourage leadership in girls. [427] (#cite_note-430) Following Beyoncé's public identification as a feminist, the sexualized nature of her performances and the fact that she championed her marriage was questioned. [428] (#cite_note-431) In December 2012, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 U.S. mayors and others [429] (#cite_note-432) designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting (/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting) . [430] (#cite_note-433) Beyoncé publicly endorsed same-sex marriage (/wiki/Same-sex_marriage) on March 26, 2013, after the Supreme Court (/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California) debate on California's Proposition 8 (/wiki/2008_California_Proposition_8) . [431] (#cite_note-434) She spoke against North Carolina (/wiki/North_Carolina) 's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (/wiki/Public_Facilities_Privacy_%26_Security_Act) , a bill passed (and later repealed) that discriminated against the LGBT community (/wiki/LGBT_community) in public places in a statement during her concert in Raleigh (/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina) as part of the Formation World Tour in 2016. [432] (#cite_note-435) She has condemned police brutality (/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States) against black Americans (/wiki/African_Americans) . She and Jay-Z attended a rally in 2013 in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman (/wiki/George_Zimmerman) for the killing (/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin) of Trayvon Martin (/wiki/Trayvon_Martin) . [433] (#cite_note-436) The film for her sixth album Lemonade included the mothers of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown (/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown) and Eric Garner (/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner) , holding pictures of their sons in the video for " Freedom (/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ". [434] (#cite_note-437) In a 2016 interview with Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Beyoncé responded to the controversy surrounding her song " Formation (/wiki/Formation_(song)) " which was perceived to be critical of the police. She clarified, "I am against police brutality and injustice. Those are two separate things. If celebrating my roots and culture during Black History Month (/wiki/Black_History_Month) made anyone uncomfortable, those feelings were there long before a video and long before me". [435] (#cite_note-438) In February 2017, Beyoncé spoke out against the withdrawal of protections for transgender (/wiki/Transgender) students in public schools by Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) 's presidential administration (/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump) . Posting a link to the 100 Days of Kindness campaign on her Facebook page, Beyoncé voiced her support for transgender youth (/wiki/Transgender_youth) and joined a roster of celebrities who spoke out against Trump's decision. [436] (#cite_note-439) Wealth Forbes (/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)) magazine began reporting on Beyoncé's earnings in 2008, calculating that the $80 million earned between June 2007 to June 2008, for her music, tour, films and clothing line made her the world's best-paid music personality at the time, above Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) and Celine Dion (/wiki/Celine_Dion) . [437] (#cite_note-440) [438] (#cite_note-Forb-441) It placed her fourth on the Celebrity 100 (/wiki/Forbes_Celebrity_100) list in 2009 [439] (#cite_note-442) and ninth on the "Most Powerful Women in the World" list in 2010. [440] (#cite_note-443) The following year, the magazine placed her eighth on the "Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30" list, having earned $35 million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals. In 2012, Forbes placed Beyoncé at number 16 on the Celebrity 100 list, twelve places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $40 million in the past year for her album 4 , clothing line and endorsement deals. [441] (#cite_note-444) [442] (#cite_note-445) In 2012, Beyoncé and Jay-Z placed at number one on the "World's Highest-Paid Celebrity Couples", for collectively earning $78 million. [443] (#cite_note-446) The couple made it into the previous year's Guinness World Records as the "highest-earning power couple" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009. [444] (#cite_note-447) For the years 2009 to 2011, Beyoncé earned an average of $70 million per year, and earned $40 million in 2012. [445] (#cite_note-448) In 2013, Beyoncé's endorsements of Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) and H&M made her and Jay-Z the world's first billion-dollar couple in the music industry. [446] (#cite_note-449) That year, Beyoncé was published as the fourth-most-powerful celebrity in the Forbes rankings. [447] (#cite_note-450) In June 2014, Beyoncé ranked at number one on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 million throughout June 2013 – June 2014. This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date. [448] (#cite_note-forbes14-451) In 2016, Beyoncé ranked at number 34 on the Celebrity 100 list with earnings of $54 million. She and Jay-Z also topped the highest-paid celebrity couple list, with combined earnings of $107.5 million. [449] (#cite_note-452) Beyoncé is one of the wealthiest musical artists (/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth) . As of 2018 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beyonc%C3%A9&action=edit) , Forbes calculated her net worth to be $355 million, and in June of the same year, ranked her as the 35th-highest-earning celebrity, with annual earnings of $60 million. This tied Beyoncé with Madonna as the only two female artists to earn more than $100 million within a single year twice. [450] (#cite_note-ForbesBey-453) [451] (#cite_note-454) As a couple, Beyoncé and Jay-Z have a combined net worth of $1.16 billion. [452] (#cite_note-455) In July 2017, Billboard announced that Beyoncé was the highest-paid musician of 2016, with an estimated total of $62.1 million. [453] (#cite_note-456) By December 2023, Forbes estimated Beyoncé's net worth to be $800 million. [454] (#cite_note-ForbesBey2-457) In 2023, the couple bought a house (/wiki/Bill_and_Maria_Bell_Residence) in Malibu, California (/wiki/Malibu,_California) , designed by the architect Tadao Ando (/wiki/Tadao_Ando) , for $200 million. It established a record for the most expensive residence sold in the state of California. [455] (#cite_note-458) Legacy Main articles: Cultural impact of Beyoncé (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Beyonc%C3%A9) and Destiny's Child § Legacy (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child#Legacy) Beyoncé performing during her I Am... Tour in 2009 Beyoncé's success has led to her becoming a cultural icon and earning her the nickname "Queen Bey". [456] (#cite_note-theguardian.com-459) Constance Grady wrote for Vox (/wiki/Vox_(website)) , "The transformation of Beyoncé from well-liked pop star to cultural icon came in three phases, punctuated by the self-titled Beyoncé album of 2013, 2016's Lemonade , and 2018's Homecoming concert at Coachella." [457] (#cite_note-460) In The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) , music critic Jody Rosen (/wiki/Jody_Rosen) described Beyoncé as "the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century ... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop." [458] (#cite_note-461) She topped NPR (/wiki/NPR) list of the "21st Century's Most Influential Women Musicians". [459] (#cite_note-NPR-462) James Clear, in his book Atomic Habits (2018), draws a parallel between Beyoncé's success and the dramatic transformations in modern society: "In the last one hundred years, we have seen the rise of the car, the airplane, the television, the personal computer, the internet, the smartphone, and Beyoncé." [460] (#cite_note-463) The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) named her Artist of the Decade (2000s) in 2009. [461] (#cite_note-464) Writing for Entertainment Weekly , Alex Suskind opined that Beyoncé was the decade's (2010s) defining pop star, stating "no one dominated music in the 2010s like Queen Bey", explaining that her "songs, album rollouts, stage presence, social justice initiatives, and disruptive public relations strategy have influenced the way we've viewed music since 2010." [462] (#cite_note-EW-465) Based on Billboard rankings of chart success and sales, Beyonce was ranked 9th on the Top R&B and Hip Hop artists of the 2010s decade chart, behind the likes of Drake, Rihanna, Chris Brown, Nicki Minaj, Post Malone, The Weeknd, Kendrick Lamar and Lil Wayne in ranks 1 through 8, respectively. [463] (#cite_note-466) British publication NME (/wiki/NME) also shared similar thoughts on her impact in the 2010s, including Beyoncé on their list of the "10 Artists Who Defined The Decade". [464] (#cite_note-NME2-467) In 2018, Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) included her on its Millennial 100 list. [465] (#cite_note-468) Music critics have often credited Beyoncé with the invention of the staccato (/wiki/Staccato) rap-singing style that has since dominated pop, R&B, and rap music. Lakin Starling of The Fader (/wiki/The_Fader) wrote that Beyoncé's innovative implementation of the delivery style on Destiny's Child's 1999 album The Writing's on the Wall (/wiki/The_Writing%27s_on_the_Wall) invented a new form of R&B. [466] (#cite_note-469) The staccato rap-singing style continued to be used in the music industry in the late 2010s and early 2020s; Aaron Williams of Uproxx (/wiki/Uproxx) described Beyoncé as the "primary pioneer" of the rapping style that dominates the music industry today, with many rappers implementing Beyoncé's rap-singing. [467] (#cite_note-470) Michael Eric Dyson (/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson) agrees, saying in 2019 that Beyoncé "changed the whole genre" and has become the "godmother" of mumble rappers (/wiki/Mumble_rap) , who use the staccato rap-singing cadence. Dyson added: "She doesn't get credit for the remarkable way in which she changed the musical vocabulary of contemporary art." [468] (#cite_note-471) Beyoncé has been credited with reviving the album as an art form in an era dominated by singles and streaming. This started with her 2011 album 4 (/wiki/4_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) ; while mainstream R&B artists were forgoing albums-led R&B in favor of singles-led EDM (/wiki/Electronic_dance_music) , Beyoncé aimed to place the focus back on albums as an art form and re-establish R&B as a mainstream concern. [469] (#cite_note-472) This remained a focus of Beyoncé's, and in 2013, she made her eponymous album only available to purchase as a full album on iTunes, rather than being able to purchase individual tracks or consume the album via streaming. Kaitlin Menza of Marie Claire wrote that this made listeners "experience the album as one whole sonic experience, the way people used to, noting the musical and lyrical themes". [470] (#cite_note-473) Jamieson Cox for The Verge (/wiki/The_Verge) described how Beyoncé's 2013 album initiated a gradual trend of albums becoming more cohesive and self-referential, and this phenomenon reached its endpoint with Lemonade , which set "a new standard for pop storytelling at the highest possible scale". [471] (#cite_note-474) Megan Carpentier of The Guardian wrote that with Lemonade , Beyoncé has "almost revived the album format" by releasing an album that can only be listened to in its entirety. [472] (#cite_note-475) Myf Warhurst (/wiki/Myf_Warhurst) on Double J 's "Lunch With Myf" explained that while most artists' albums consist of a few singles plus filler songs, Beyoncé "brought the album back", changing the art form of the album "to a narrative with an arc and a story and you have to listen to the entire thing to get the concept". [473] (#cite_note-476) She is known for coining popular phrases such as " put a ring on it (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) ", a euphemism for marriage proposal (/wiki/Marriage_proposal) , " I woke up like this (/wiki/Flawless_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", which started a trend of posting morning selfies (/wiki/Selfies) with the hashtag #iwokeuplikethis, and " boy, bye (/wiki/Sorry_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) ", which was used as part of the Democratic National Committee (/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee) 's campaign for the 2020 election (/wiki/2020_United_States_elections) . [474] (#cite_note-477) [475] (#cite_note-478) Similarly, she also came up with the phrase " visual album (/wiki/Visual_album) " following the release of her fifth studio album (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(album)) , which had a video for every song. This has been recreated by many other artists since, such as Frank Ocean (/wiki/Frank_Ocean) and Melanie Martinez (/wiki/Melanie_Martinez) . [476] (#cite_note-479) The album also popularized surprise releases (/wiki/Surprise_album) , with many artists releasing songs, videos or albums with no prior announcement, such as Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) , Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) , Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) , Frank Ocean, Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) and Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) . [477] (#cite_note-480) In January 2012, research scientist Bryan Lessard named Scaptia beyonceae (/wiki/Scaptia_beyonceae) , a species of horse-fly (/wiki/Horse-fly) found in Northern Queensland (/wiki/North_Queensland) , Australia after Beyoncé due to the fly's unique golden hairs on its abdomen. [478] (#cite_note-481) Achievements See also: List of awards and nominations received by Beyoncé (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) and Destiny's Child (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Destiny%27s_Child) Beyoncé has received numerous awards and is the most-awarded female artist of all time. [479] (#cite_note-482) Having sold over 200 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) ), Beyoncé is one of the best-selling music artists (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) of all time. [480] (#cite_note-483) The Recording Industry Association of America (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA) listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s decade, with a total of 64 certifications (/wiki/RIAA_certification) . [481] (#cite_note-RIAADecade1-484) [482] (#cite_note-RIAADecade2-485) In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Female Artist and Top Radio Songs (/wiki/Radio_Songs_(chart)) Artist of the Decade. [483] (#cite_note-RadioSongsArtist-486) [484] (#cite_note-ChartBeat-487) [485] (#cite_note-DecadeChart-488) In 2010, Billboard named her in their Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years list at number 15. [486] (#cite_note-489) In 2012, VH1 ranked her third on their list of the "100 Greatest Women in Music", behind Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) and Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) . [487] (#cite_note-VH1GreatestWomen-490) In 2002, she received Songwriter of the Year from American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers) becoming the First African American woman to win the award. In 2004 and 2019, she received NAACP Image Award for Entertainer of the Year (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Entertainer_of_the_Year) and the Soul Train Music Award for Sammy Davis Jr. – Entertainer of the Year (/wiki/Soul_Train_Music_Award_for_Sammy_Davis_Jr._%E2%80%93_Entertainer_of_the_Year) . In 2005, she also received APEX Award at the Trumpet Award honoring the achievements of Black African Americans. In 2007, Beyoncé received the International Artist of Excellence award by the American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards) . She also received Honorary Otto at the Bravo Otto (/wiki/Bravo_Otto) . The following year, she received the Legend Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts at the World Music Awards (/wiki/World_Music_Awards) [488] (#cite_note-491) and Career Achievement Award at the LOS40 Music Awards (/wiki/LOS40_Music_Awards) . In 2010, she received the Award of Honor for Artist of the Decade at the NRJ Music Award (/wiki/NRJ_Music_Award) . [489] (#cite_note-492) At the 2011 (/wiki/2011_Billboard_Music_Awards) Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/2011_Billboard_Music_Awards) , Beyoncé received the inaugural Billboard Millennium Award. [490] (#cite_note-493) Beyoncé received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/2014_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) and was honored as Honorary Mother of the Year at the Australian Mother of the Year Award (/wiki/Australian_Mother_of_the_Year_Award) in Barnardo's Australia for her Humanitarian Effort in the region and the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) Fashion Icon Award in 2016. In 2019, alongside Jay-Z, she received GLAAD Vanguard Award (/wiki/GLAAD_Vanguard_Award) which is presented to a member of the entertainment community who does not identify as LGBT but who has made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for LGBT people. [491] (#cite_note-494) In 2020, she was awarded the BET Humanitarian Award (/wiki/BET_Awards) . Consequence (/wiki/Consequence_(publication)) named her the 30th best singer of all time. [492] (#cite_note-495) Beyoncé has won 32 Grammy Awards, both as a solo artist and member of Destiny's Child and The Carters, making her the most honored individual (/wiki/Grammy_Award_records#Most_Grammys_won) by the Grammys. [493] (#cite_note-HonoredArtist-496) [494] (#cite_note-GrammyTotal-497) She is also the most nominated artist in Grammy Award history with a total of 88 nominations. [495] (#cite_note-McEvoy-498) "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" won Song of the Year in 2010 while "Say My Name", [45] (#cite_note-Kaufman-47) "Crazy in Love" and "Drunk in Love" have each won Best R&B Song. Dangerously in Love , B'Day and I Am... Sasha Fierce have won Best Contemporary R&B Album, while Lemonade has won Best Urban Contemporary Album. Beyoncé set the record for the most Grammy awards won by a female artist in one night (/wiki/Grammy_Award_records#Most_Grammys_won_by_a_female_artist_in_one_night) in 2010 when she won six awards, breaking the tie she previously held with Alicia Keys, Norah Jones (/wiki/Norah_Jones) , Alison Krauss, and Amy Winehouse, with Adele (/wiki/Adele) equaling this in 2012. [496] (#cite_note-499) Beyoncé has won 29 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards) , making her the most-awarded artist in Video Music Award history. She won two awards each with The Carters (/wiki/The_Carters) and Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) making her lifetime total of 29 VMAs. "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and "Formation" won Video of the Year in 2009 and 2016 respectively. Beyoncé tied the record set by Lady Gaga in 2010 for the most VMAs won in one night for a female artist with eight in 2016. [185] (#cite_note-VMAS_Record-188) She is also the most-awarded and nominated artist in BET Award history, winning 29 awards from a total of 60 nominations, [497] (#cite_note-500) the most-awarded person at the Soul Train Music Awards (/wiki/Soul_Train_Music_Awards) with 17 awards as a solo artist, and the most-awarded person at the NAACP Image Awards (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards) with 24 awards as a solo artist. [498] (#cite_note-501) Additionally, Beyoncé is the most-awarded artist at the NAACP Image Awards (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards) with 22 awards [499] (#cite_note-502) and the BET Awards (/wiki/BET_Awards) with 32 awards. [500] (#cite_note-503) Following her role in Dreamgirls (/wiki/Dreamgirls_(film)) , Beyoncé was nominated for Best Original Song (/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song) for "Listen" and Best Actress (/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy) at the Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards) , [501] (#cite_note-504) and Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture) at the NAACP Image Awards (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards) . [502] (#cite_note-505) Beyoncé won two awards at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2006 (/wiki/12th_Critics%27_Choice_Awards) ; Best Song for "Listen" and Best Original Soundtrack for Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture . [503] (#cite_note-506) According to Fuse (/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)) in 2014, Beyoncé is the second-most award-winning artist of all time, after Michael Jackson. [504] (#cite_note-507) [505] (#cite_note-Fuse-508) Lemonade (/wiki/Lemonade_(album)) won a Peabody Award (/wiki/Peabody_Award) in 2017. [506] (#cite_note-Entertainment_Weekly-509) In 2022, " Be Alive (/wiki/Be_Alive) " was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song) , [507] (#cite_note-Oscar-510) the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Song (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Song) , [508] (#cite_note-511) and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song (/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song) . [509] (#cite_note-512) She was named on the 2016 BBC Radio 4 (/wiki/BBC_Radio_4) Woman's Hour (/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour) Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women's lives over the past 70 years, alongside Margaret Thatcher (/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher) , Barbara Castle (/wiki/Barbara_Castle) , Helen Brook (/wiki/Helen_Brook) , Germaine Greer (/wiki/Germaine_Greer) , Jayaben Desai (/wiki/Jayaben_Desai) and Bridget Jones (/wiki/Bridget_Jones) , [510] (#cite_note-513) She was named the Most Powerful Woman in Music on the same list in 2020. [511] (#cite_note-514) In the same year, Billboard named her with Destiny's Child the third Greatest Music Video artists of all time, behind Madonna and Michael Jackson. [512] (#cite_note-bbmva-515) On June 16, 2021, Beyoncé won the award of "top touring artist" of the decade (2010s) at the Pollstar Awards. [513] (#cite_note-516) On June 17, 2021, Beyoncé was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame (/wiki/Black_Music_%26_Entertainment_Walk_of_Fame) as a member of the inaugural class. [514] (#cite_note-517) Business and ventures In 2010, Beyoncé founded her own entertainment company Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) which formed as an imprint based from Columbia Records, the company began as a production unit for videos and films in 2008. Parkwood Entertainment is named after a street in Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Texas where Beyoncé once lived. [515] (#cite_note-Music_World_Ent-518) With headquarters in New York City, the company serves as an umbrella for the entertainer's various brands in music, movies, videos, and fashion. The staff of Parkwood Entertainment have experiences in arts and entertainment, from filmmaking and video production to web and fashion design. In addition to departments in marketing, digital, creative, publicity, fashion design and merchandising, the company houses a state-of-the-art editing suite, where Beyoncé works on content for her worldwide tours, music videos, and television specials. Parkwood Entertainment's first production was the musical biopic Cadillac Records (/wiki/Cadillac_Records) (2008), in which Beyoncé starred and co-produced. [516] (#cite_note-519) The company has distributed Beyoncé's albums such as her self-titled fifth studio album (2013), Lemonade (2016) and The Carters, Everything is Love (2018). Beyoncé has signed other artists to Parkwood such as Chloe x Halle (/wiki/Chloe_x_Halle) , who performed at Super Bowl LIII (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIII) in February 2019. [517] (#cite_note-520) On February 20, 2024 Beyoncé launched Cécred (/wiki/C%C3%A9cred) , an extension of the lessons learned from her first job in her mother’s Houston hair salon and her own hair journey, and an act of service for others looking for relief. In April 2024, Beyonce shared her wash day ritual using different products from the Cecred (/wiki/C%C3%A9cred) line. [27] (#cite_note-:4-29) Endorsements and partnerships Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, [518] (#cite_note-521) and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator (/wiki/Gladiator) -themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink (/wiki/Pink_(singer)) , and Enrique Iglesias (/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias) . [519] (#cite_note-522) In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. [520] (#cite_note-pepsi2013-523) The Center for Science in the Public Interest (/wiki/Center_for_Science_in_the_Public_Interest) (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. [521] (#cite_note-rumugam-524) Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 percent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads. [522] (#cite_note-525) Beyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) for the fragrances True Star (singing a cover version (/wiki/Cover_version) of " Wishing on a Star (/wiki/Wishing_on_a_Star) ") [523] (#cite_note-526) and True Star Gold; [524] (#cite_note-527) she also promoted Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) 's Diamonds fragrance in 2007. [525] (#cite_note-528) Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance, Heat (/wiki/Heat_(fragrance)) , in 2010. [526] (#cite_note-529) In February 2011, Beyoncé launched her second fragrance, Heat Rush (/wiki/Heat_(fragrance)#Heat_Rush) . [527] (#cite_note-530) Beyoncé's third fragrance, Pulse, was launched in September 2011. [528] (#cite_note-531) In 2013, The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat was released. [529] (#cite_note-heatsales-532) The six editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line, [529] (#cite_note-heatsales-532) with sales of over $400 million. [530] (#cite_note-533) The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million deal with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. [531] (#cite_note-GateFive-534) It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because GateFive had lost its financial backers. [532] (#cite_note-535) Beyoncé also has had deals with American Express (/wiki/American_Express) , [438] (#cite_note-Forb-441) Nintendo DS (/wiki/Nintendo_DS) [533] (#cite_note-536) and L'Oréal since the age of 18. [534] (#cite_note-537) In March 2015, Beyoncé became a co-owner, with other artists, of the music streaming service Tidal (/wiki/Tidal_(service)) . The service specializes in lossless (/wiki/Lossless_compression) audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro (/wiki/Aspiro) , in the first quarter of 2015. [535] (#cite_note-538) Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) , Chris Martin (/wiki/Chris_Martin) , Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. [536] (#cite_note-539) The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry. [537] (#cite_note-540) In November 2020, Beyoncé formed a multi-year partnership with exercise equipment and media company Peloton (/wiki/Peloton_(exercise_equipment_company)) . The partnership was formed to celebrate homecoming season in historically black colleges and universities (/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities) , providing themed workout experiences inspired by Beyoncé's 2019 Homecoming film (/wiki/Homecoming_(2019_American_film)) and live album (/wiki/Homecoming:_The_Live_Album) after 2020's homecoming celebrations were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of the partnership, Beyoncé and Peloton are donating free memberships to all students at 10 HBCUs, and Peloton are pursuing long-term recruiting partnerships at the HCBUs. Gwen Bethel Riley, head of music at Peloton, said: "When we had conversations with Beyoncé around how critical a social impact component was to all of us, it crystallized how important it was to embrace Homecoming as an opportunity to celebrate and create dialogue around Black culture and music, in partnership with HBCUs." [538] (#cite_note-541) Upon news of the partnership, a decline in Peloton's shares reversed, and its shares rose by 8.6%. [539] (#cite_note-542) In 2021, Beyoncé and Jay-Z partnered with Tiffany & Co. (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co.) for the company's "About Love" campaign. Beyoncé became the fourth woman, and first Black woman, to wear the 128.54-carat Tiffany Yellow Diamond (/wiki/Tiffany_Yellow_Diamond) . [540] (#cite_note-543) The campaign featured a robin egg blue (/wiki/Robin_egg_blue) painting by Jean-Michel Basquiat titled Equals Pi (/wiki/Equals_Pi) (1982). [541] (#cite_note-544) Both Beyonce and the brand faced significant backlash for the campaign, as the Tiffany Yellow Diamond (/wiki/Tiffany_Yellow_Diamond) , which was discovered in the Kimberley diamond mines in South Africa in 1877, is classified as a blood diamond and viewed as a symbol of British colonialism over Africa. [542] (#cite_note-545) [543] (#cite_note-546) [544] (#cite_note-547) Fashion lines Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Deréon (/wiki/House_of_Der%C3%A9on) , a women's fashion line, in 2005. [545] (#cite_note-BusWire-548) The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, with the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress. [546] (#cite_note-549) [547] (#cite_note-550) According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyoncé's taste and style. Beyoncé and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon. [545] (#cite_note-BusWire-548) House of Deréon pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) 's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled (/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled) era. [548] (#cite_note-551) [549] (#cite_note-552) The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the U.S. and Canada. [545] (#cite_note-BusWire-548) In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon. [550] (#cite_note-553) In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a "high-style" mobile game (/wiki/Mobile_game) with a social networking component, featuring the House of Deréon collection. [545] (#cite_note-BusWire-548) In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling. The collection included sportswear, outerwear, handbags, footwear, eyewear, lingerie and jewelry. [551] (#cite_note-Sasha_Fierce_clothing_line-554) It was available at department stores including Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) and Dillard's (/wiki/Dillard%27s) , and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds. [551] (#cite_note-Sasha_Fierce_clothing_line-554) In May 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A (/wiki/C%26A) to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil. [552] (#cite_note-fashion_looks-555) The collection included tailored blazers with padded shoulders, little black dresses, embroidered tops and shirts and bandage dresses. [552] (#cite_note-fashion_looks-555) In October 2014, Beyoncé signed a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with British fashion retailer Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) . [553] (#cite_note-Time_Alter-556) [554] (#cite_note-Forbes_Adamczyk-557) The 50–50 venture is called Ivy Park (/wiki/Ivy_Park) and was launched in April 2016. The brand's name is a nod to Beyoncé's daughter and her favorite number four (IV in Roman numerals (/wiki/Roman_numerals) ), and also references the park where she used to run in Texas. [555] (#cite_note-558) She has since bought out Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) owner Philip Green (/wiki/Philip_Green) from his 50% share after he was alleged to have sexually harassed, bullied and racially abused employees. [556] (#cite_note-559) She now owns the brand herself. [557] (#cite_note-560) In April 2019, it was announced that Beyoncé would become a creative partner with Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) and further develop her athletic brand Ivy Park with the company. Knowles will also develop new clothes and footwear for Adidas. Shares for the company rose 1.3% upon the news release. [558] (#cite_note-561) In December 2019, they announced a launch date of January 18, 2020. [559] (#cite_note-562) Beyoncé uploaded a teaser on her website and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . [560] (#cite_note-563) The collection was previewed on the upcoming Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) January 2020 issue, where Beyoncé is seen wearing several garments, accessories and footwear from the first collection. [561] (#cite_note-564) In February 2023, The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) reported that the line was struggling financially with revenue falling by more than 50% over the past fiscal year to $40 million; well short of the company's $250 million projected forecast. [562] (#cite_note-565) In March 2023, it was announced that Beyoncé and Adidas reached a mutual decision to end their partnership. [563] (#cite_note-566) [564] (#cite_note-567) Later in March 2023, Olivier Rousteing (/wiki/Olivier_Rousteing) , the creative director of Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , announced that he and Beyoncé collaborated on a couture collection complete with sixteen looks corresponding to the sixteen tracks on her album Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) . This "Renaissance Couture" collection marked the first time that a Black woman oversaw the development of a collection from a Parisian couture house. [565] (#cite_note-568) Philanthropy See also: BeyGood (/wiki/BeyGood) Beyoncé ( center ) and her mother, Tina (/wiki/Tina_Knowles) , ( left ) at the opening of the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center on March 5, 2010 In 2002, Beyoncé, Kelly Rowland and Tina Knowles built the Knowles-Rowland Center for Youth, a community center in Downtown Houston. After Hurricane Katrina (/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina) in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing to displaced families and provide means for new building construction, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. [566] (#cite_note-569) The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, [567] (#cite_note-570) and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike (/wiki/Hurricane_Ike) three years later. [568] (#cite_note-571) Beyoncé also donated $100,000 to the Gulf Coast Ike Relief Fund. [569] (#cite_note-572) In 2007, Beyoncé founded the Knowles-Temenos Place Apartments, a housing complex offering living space for 43 displaced individuals. As of 2016, Beyoncé had donated $7 million for the maintenance of the complex. [570] (#cite_note-573) After starring in Cadillac Records in 2009 and learning about Phoenix House (/wiki/Phoenix_House) , a non-profit drug and alcohol rehabilitation organization, Beyoncé donated her full $4 million salary from the film to the organization. Beyoncé and her mother subsequently established the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center, which offers a seven-month cosmetology training course helping Phoenix House's clients gain career skills during their recovery. [571] (#cite_note-574) In January 2010, Beyoncé participated in George Clooney (/wiki/George_Clooney) and Wyclef Jean (/wiki/Wyclef_Jean) 's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief (/wiki/Hope_for_Haiti_Now:_A_Global_Benefit_for_Earthquake_Relief) telethon, [572] (#cite_note-575) donated a large sum to the organization, [573] (#cite_note-576) and was named the official face of the limited edition Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA) "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt. [574] (#cite_note-577) In April 2011, Beyoncé joined forces with U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity (/wiki/Child_obesity) [575] (#cite_note-578) by reworking her single "Get Me Bodied". [576] (#cite_note-579) Following the death of Osama bin Laden (/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden) , Beyoncé released her cover of the Lee Greenwood (/wiki/Lee_Greenwood) song " God Bless the USA (/wiki/God_Bless_the_USA) ", as a charity single to help raise funds for the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund (/wiki/New_York_Police_and_Fire_Widows%27_and_Children%27s_Benefit_Fund) . [577] (#cite_note-God_Bless_the_USA-580) Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day (/wiki/World_Humanitarian_Day) campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. [578] (#cite_note-WHD2012-581) [579] (#cite_note-582) In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek (/wiki/Salma_Hayek) and Frida Giannini (/wiki/Frida_Giannini) on a Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. [580] (#cite_note-583) A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013, in London. [581] (#cite_note-584) With help of the crowdfunding (/wiki/Crowdfunding) platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. [582] (#cite_note-585) [583] (#cite_note-586) Beyoncé also took part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, [584] (#cite_note-587) and supported Goodwill Industries (/wiki/Goodwill_Industries) through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz (/wiki/Charitybuzz) that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S. [585] (#cite_note-588) [586] (#cite_note-589) Beyoncé and Jay-Z secretly donated tens of thousands of dollars to bail out Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) protesters in Baltimore and Ferguson, as well as funded infrastructure for the establishment of Black Lives Matter chapters across the US. [587] (#cite_note-590) Before Beyoncé's Formation World Tour show in Tampa, her team held a private luncheon for more than 20 community leaders to discuss how Beyoncé could support local charitable initiatives, including pledging on the spot to fund 10 scholarships to provide students with financial aid. Tampa Sports Authority board member Thomas Scott said: "I don't know of a prior artist meeting with the community, seeing what their needs are, seeing how they can invest in the community. It says a lot to me about Beyoncé. She not only goes into a community and walks away with (money), but she also gives money back to that community." [588] (#cite_note-591) In June 2016, Beyoncé donated over $82,000 to the United Way (/wiki/United_Way_of_America) of Genesee County to support victims of the Flint water crisis (/wiki/Flint_water_crisis) . Beyoncé additionally donated money to support 14 students in Michigan with their college expenses. [589] (#cite_note-592) In August 2016, Beyoncé and Jay-Z donated $1.5 million to civil rights groups including Black Lives Matter, Hands Up United (/wiki/Hands_Up_United) and Dream Defenders (/wiki/Dream_Defenders) . [590] (#cite_note-593) After Hurricane Matthew (/wiki/Hurricane_Matthew) , Beyoncé and Jay-Z donated $15 million to the Usain Bolt Foundation to support its efforts in rebuilding homes in Haiti. [591] (#cite_note-594) During Hurricane Harvey (/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey) in August 2017, Beyoncé launched BeyGOOD (/wiki/BeyGOOD) Houston to support those affected by the hurricane in Houston. The organization donated necessities such as cots, blankets, pillows, baby products, feminine products and wheelchairs, and funded long-term revitalization projects. [592] (#cite_note-595) On September 8, Beyoncé visited Houston, where she sponsored a lunch for 400 survivors at her local church, visited the George R Brown Convention Center (/wiki/George_R._Brown_Convention_Center) to discuss with people displaced by the flooding about their needs, served meals to those who lost their homes, and made a significant donation to local causes. [593] (#cite_note-596) [594] (#cite_note-597) Beyoncé additionally donated $75,000 worth of new mattresses to survivors of the hurricane. [595] (#cite_note-598) Later that month, Beyoncé released a remix of J Balvin and Willy William's " Mi Gente (/wiki/Mi_Gente_(J_Balvin_and_Willy_William_song)) ", with all of her proceeds being donated to disaster relief charities in Puerto Rico, Mexico, the U.S. and the Caribbean after hurricanes Harvey, Irma (/wiki/Hurricane_Irma) and Maria (/wiki/Hurricane_Maria) , and the Chiapas (/wiki/2017_Chiapas_earthquake) and Puebla earthquakes (/wiki/2017_Puebla_earthquake) . [596] (#cite_note-599) In April 2020, Beyoncé donated $6 million to the National Alliance in Mental Health, UCLA (/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles) and local community-based organizations in order to provide mental health and personal wellness services to essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . BeyGOOD also teamed up with local organizations to help provide resources to communities of color, including food, water, cleaning supplies, medicines and face masks. [597] (#cite_note-600) The same month Beyoncé released a remix of Megan Thee Stallion's " Savage (/wiki/Savage_(Megan_Thee_Stallion_song)) ", with all proceeds benefiting Bread of Life Houston's COVID-19 relief efforts, which includes providing over 14 tons of food and supplies to 500 families and 100 senior citizens in Houston weekly. [598] (#cite_note-601) In May 2020, Beyoncé provided 1,000 free COVID-19 tests in Houston as part of her and her mother's #IDidMyPart initiative, which was established due to the disproportionate deaths in African-American communities. Additionally, 1,000 gloves, masks, hot meals, essential vitamins, grocery vouchers and household items were provided. [599] (#cite_note-602) In July 2020, Beyoncé established the Black-Owned Small Business Impact Fund in partnership with the NAACP (/wiki/NAACP) , which offers $10,000 grants to black-owned small businesses in need following the George Floyd protests (/wiki/George_Floyd_protests) . [600] (#cite_note-603) All proceeds from Beyoncé's single " Black Parade (/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)) " were donated to the fund. [601] (#cite_note-604) In September 2020, Beyoncé announced that she had donated an additional $1 million to the fund. [602] (#cite_note-605) As of December 31, 2020, the fund had given 715 grants to black-owned small businesses, amounting to $7.15 million donated. [603] (#cite_note-606) In October 2020, Beyoncé released a statement that she has been working with the Feminist Coalition to assist supporters of the End SARS (/wiki/End_SARS) movement in Nigeria, including covering medical costs for injured protestors, covering legal fees for arrested protestors, and providing food, emergency shelter, transportation and telecommunication means to those in need. Beyoncé also showed support for those fighting against other issues in Africa, such as the Anglophone Crisis (/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis) in Cameroon, ShutItAllDown (/wiki/ShutItAllDown) in Namibia, Zimbabwean Lives Matter (/wiki/Zimbabwean_Lives_Matter) in Zimbabwe and the Rape National Emergency in Liberia. [604] (#cite_note-607) In December 2020, Beyoncé donated $500,000 to help alleviate the housing crisis in the U.S. caused by the cessation of the eviction moratorium, giving 100 $5,000 grants to individuals and families facing foreclosures and evictions. [605] (#cite_note-:2-608) Hair Care Brand In February 2024, on the launch day of Beyoncé's Cécred (/wiki/C%C3%A9cred) hair care brand, she established an annual grant (/wiki/Grant_(money)) in collaboration with BeyGood. This is an effort to provide financial support to cosmetology (/wiki/Cosmetology) students and professional hair stylists (/wiki/Hair_stylists) within the beauty industry (/wiki/Beauty_industry) . [606] (#cite_note-609) A yearly $500,000 is funding cosmetology school (/wiki/Cosmetology_school) scholarships and salon business grants across five cities chosen for their large, diverse community of hair stylists: Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Houston (/wiki/Houston) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) and Clementon (/wiki/Clementon) . [d] (#cite_note-610) [607] (#cite_note-611) Discography Main articles: Beyoncé albums discography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_albums_discography) , Beyoncé singles discography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_singles_discography) , and List of songs recorded by Beyoncé (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Solo studio albums Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) (2003) B'Day (/wiki/B%27Day) (2006) I Am... Sasha Fierce (/wiki/I_Am..._Sasha_Fierce) (2008) 4 (/wiki/4_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) (2011) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(album)) (2013) Lemonade (/wiki/Lemonade_(album)) (2016) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) (2022) Cowboy Carter (/wiki/Cowboy_Carter) (2024) with Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) Main articles: Destiny's Child discography (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_discography) and songs (/wiki/List_of_Destiny%27s_Child_songs) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_(album)) (1998) The Writing's on the Wall (/wiki/The_Writing%27s_on_the_Wall) (1999) Survivor (/wiki/Survivor_(Destiny%27s_Child_album)) (2001) 8 Days of Christmas (/wiki/8_Days_of_Christmas) (2001) Destiny Fulfilled (/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled) (2004) with The Carters (/wiki/The_Carters) Main article: The Carters discography (/wiki/The_Carters#Discography) Everything Is Love (/wiki/Everything_Is_Love) (2018) Soundtrack albums The Lion King: The Gift (/wiki/The_Lion_King:_The_Gift) (2019) Filmography Main article: Beyoncé videography § Film (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_videography#Film) This section lists select works only. Refer to the main article for further information. Films starred Carmen: A Hip Hopera (/wiki/Carmen:_A_Hip_Hopera) (2001) Austin Powers in Goldmember (/wiki/Austin_Powers_in_Goldmember) (2002) The Fighting Temptations (/wiki/The_Fighting_Temptations) (2003) Fade to Black (/wiki/Fade_to_Black_(2004_film)) (2004) The Pink Panther (/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_(2006_film)) (2006) Dreamgirls (/wiki/Dreamgirls_(film)) (2006) Cadillac Records (/wiki/Cadillac_Records) (2008) Obsessed (/wiki/Obsessed_(2009_film)) (2009) Epic (/wiki/Epic_(2013_film)) (2013) Lemonade (/wiki/Lemonade_(2016_film)) (also director) (2016) The Lion King (/wiki/The_Lion_King_(2019_film)) (2019) Black Is King (/wiki/Black_Is_King) (also director) (2020) Mufasa: The Lion King (/wiki/Mufasa:_The_Lion_King) (2024) Documentary and concert films Live at Wembley (/wiki/Live_at_Wembley_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) (2004) The Beyoncé Experience Live (/wiki/The_Beyonc%C3%A9_Experience_Live) (2007) I Am... Yours (/wiki/I_Am..._Yours:_An_Intimate_Performance_at_Wynn_Las_Vegas) (2009) I Am... World Tour (/wiki/I_Am..._World_Tour_(album)) (also director) (2010) Live at Roseland: Elements of 4 (/wiki/Live_at_Roseland:_Elements_of_4) (also director) (2011) Life Is But a Dream (/wiki/Life_Is_But_a_Dream_(film)) (also director) (2013) Live in Atlantic City (/wiki/Live_in_Atlantic_City_(Beyonc%C3%A9_video)) (also director) (2013) On the Run Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_Tour:_Beyonc%C3%A9_and_Jay-Z_(TV_program)) (2014) Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) (also director) (2019) Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Renaissance:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) (also director) (2023) Tours and residencies Main article: List of Beyoncé live performances (/wiki/List_of_Beyonc%C3%A9_live_performances) Headlining tours Dangerously in Love Tour (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love_Tour) (2003) The Beyoncé Experience (/wiki/The_Beyonc%C3%A9_Experience) (2007) I Am... Tour (/wiki/I_Am..._(Beyonc%C3%A9_tour)) (2009–2010) The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (/wiki/The_Mrs._Carter_Show_World_Tour) (2013–2014) The Formation World Tour (/wiki/The_Formation_World_Tour) (2016) Renaissance World Tour (/wiki/Renaissance_World_Tour) (2023) Co-headlining tours Verizon Ladies First Tour (/wiki/Verizon_Ladies_First_Tour) (with Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) and Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) ) (2004) On the Run Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_Tour_(Beyonc%C3%A9_and_Jay-Z)) (with Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) ) (2014) On the Run II Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_II_Tour) (with Jay-Z) (2018) Residencies I Am... Yours (/wiki/I_Am..._Yours) (2009) 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé (/wiki/4_Intimate_Nights_with_Beyonc%C3%A9) (2011) Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live (/wiki/Revel_Presents:_Beyonc%C3%A9_Live) (2012) See also Forbes list of highest-earning musicians (/wiki/Forbes_list_of_highest-earning_musicians) Honorific nicknames in popular music (/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music) List of artists who reached number one in the United States (/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_in_the_United_States) List of artists with the most number-one European singles (/wiki/European_Hot_100_Singles#Most_number-one_singles) List of (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Social_50_number-one_artists) Billboard Social 50 number-one artists (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Social_50_number-one_artists) List of black Golden Globe Award winners and nominees (/wiki/List_of_black_Golden_Globe_Award_winners_and_nominees) List of highest-grossing live music artists (/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists) List of most-followed Instagram accounts (/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts) Notes ^ Jump up to: a b Naming laws in Texas (/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States) do not allow accented characters (é). ^ (#cite_ref-6) For her works with Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) and the Carters (/wiki/The_Carters) , see Destiny's Child discography (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_discography) , List of Destiny's Child songs (/wiki/List_of_Destiny%27s_Child_songs) and the Carters discography (/wiki/The_Carters#Discography) ^ (#cite_ref-106) The gross takings from the 29 shows which were reported to Billboard Boxscore totalled $24.9 million; the tour comprised 96 concerts. [103] (#cite_note-total-105) ^ (#cite_ref-610) Clementon is technically a borough (/wiki/Borough) but is listed as one of the "cities" chosen on the Cécred website. References ^ (#cite_ref-2) Curto, Justin (April 30, 2021). "Yes, 'Harmonies by The Hive' is Beyoncé" (https://www.vulture.com/2021/04/harmonies-by-the-hive-beyonce-dj-khaled-album.html) . Vulture . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.vulture.com/2021/04/harmonies-by-the-hive-beyonce-dj-khaled-album.html) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved May 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Gay, Jason (February 10, 2013). "Beyoncé Knowles: The Queen B" (https://www.vogue.com/article/beyonce-knowles-the-queen-b) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.vogue.com/article/beyonce-knowles-the-queen-b) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved October 18, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lewis, Brittany (July 9, 2013). "Beyoncé credited as 'Third Ward Trill' on Jay-Z's album, 'Magna Carta Holy Grail' (https://globalgrind.cassiuslife.com/3834088/beyonce-alter-ego-third-ward-trill-jay-z-album-details/) " (https://globalgrind.cassiuslife.com/3834088/beyonce-alter-ego-third-ward-trill-jay-z-album-details/) . Global Grind. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://globalgrind.cassiuslife.com/3834088/beyonce-alter-ego-third-ward-trill-jay-z-album-details/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved June 29, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "BeyGOOD" (http://www.beygood.org/) . BeyGOOD. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240331054154/https://www.beygood.org/) from the original on March 31, 2024 . Retrieved March 31, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Genre citations: Reviews, Unorthodox (December 5, 2022). "5 Times Beyoncé's Music Was Inspired by Africa" (https://unorthodoxreviews.com/beyonce-music-africa) . 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"Beyoncé's BeyGood, Tina Knowles Team Up for COVID-19 Testing Initiative" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beyonces-beygood-tina-knowles-covid-19-testing-initiative-993488/) . Rolling Stone . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beyonces-beygood-tina-knowles-covid-19-testing-initiative-993488/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved September 3, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-603) Williams, Isla (July 10, 2020). "Beyonce teams up with NAACP to support black-owned businesses" (https://metro.co.uk/2020/07/10/beyonces-beygood-foundation-team-naacp-launch-grants-support-black-owned-businesses-12973730/) . Metro . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://metro.co.uk/2020/07/10/beyonces-beygood-foundation-team-naacp-launch-grants-support-black-owned-businesses-12973730/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved September 3, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-604) Kreps, Daniel (June 20, 2020). "Beyoncé Drops Surprise New Song 'Black Parade' on Juneteenth" (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beyonce-new-song-black-parade-juneteenth-1018095/) . Rolling Stone . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042917/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beyonce-new-song-black-parade-juneteenth-1018095/) from the original on June 28, 2020 . Retrieved September 3, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-605) Richmond, Shayler (September 3, 2020). "Beyoncé donates $1 million to small Black-owned businesses" (https://thegrio.com/2020/09/03/beyonce-million-black-business/) . TheGrio. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://thegrio.com/2020/09/03/beyonce-million-black-business/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved September 3, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-606) Callum-Penso, Lillia (January 17, 2021). "Greenville business owner gets boost with grant from Beyoncé's BeyGOOD Foundation" (https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/life/2021/01/17/beyonce-beygood-foundation-naacp-grant-helping-greenville-sc-business/4174961001/) . The Greenville News . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/life/2021/01/17/beyonce-beygood-foundation-naacp-grant-helping-greenville-sc-business/4174961001/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved June 14, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-607) "My thoughts and prayers remain with our Nigerian brothers and sisters fighting to end SARS" (https://www.beyonce.com/article/nigeria-thoughts-and-prayers/) . Beyoncé . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.beyonce.com/article/nigeria-thoughts-and-prayers/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved October 31, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_608-0) "BeyGOOD Impact Fund Housing Assistance" (https://www.beyonce.com/article/beygood-housing-assistance/) . Beyoncé . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.beyonce.com/article/beygood-housing-assistance/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved December 22, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-609) Denis, Kyle (February 20, 2024). "Beyoncé's BeyGOOD & Cécred Fund Announces $500K Cosmetology School Scholarship" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/beyonce-beygood-cecred-cosmetology-scholarship-fund-1235610676/) . Billboard . Retrieved March 9, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-611) "Philanthropy - Cécred" (https://cecred.com/en-uk/pages/philanthropy) . Cécred . Retrieved March 9, 2024 . External links Beyoncé at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beyonc%C3%A9_Knowles) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beyonc%C3%A9) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) from Wikiquote Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36153) from Wikidata Official website (https://beyonce.com/) Beyoncé (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p349078) at AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)) Beyoncé (https://music.amazon.com/artists/B000T2D81C) at Amazon Music (/wiki/Amazon_Music) Beyoncé (https://www.discogs.com/artist/Beyonc%C3%A9) discography at Discogs (/wiki/Discogs) Beyoncé (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0461498/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) show v t e Beyoncé Albums discography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_albums_discography) Singles discography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_singles_discography) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Beyonc%C3%A9_live_performances) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Videography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_videography) Cultural impact (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Beyonc%C3%A9) Studio albums Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) B'Day (/wiki/B%27Day) I Am... 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World Tour (/wiki/I_Am..._World_Tour_(album)) Live at Roseland (/wiki/Live_at_Roseland:_Elements_of_4) Life Is But a Dream (/wiki/Life_Is_But_a_Dream_(film)) Live in Atlantic City (/wiki/Live_in_Atlantic_City_(Beyonc%C3%A9_video)) On the Run Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_Tour:_Beyonc%C3%A9_and_Jay-Z_(TV_program)) Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Renaissance:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Video releases and visual albums The Ultimate Performer (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9:_The_Ultimate_Performer) B'Day Anthology (/wiki/B%27Day_Anthology_Video_Album) Above and Beyoncé (/wiki/Above_and_Beyonc%C3%A9:_Video_Collection_%26_Dance_Mixes) Elements of 4 (/wiki/Live_at_Roseland:_Elements_of_4) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(album)) Lemonade (/wiki/Lemonade_(2016_film)) Black Is King (/wiki/Black_Is_King) Concert tours Dangerously in Love Tour (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love_Tour) Verizon Ladies First Tour (/wiki/Verizon_Ladies_First_Tour) The Beyoncé Experience (/wiki/The_Beyonc%C3%A9_Experience) I Am... Tour (/wiki/I_Am..._(Beyonc%C3%A9_tour)) The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour (/wiki/The_Mrs._Carter_Show_World_Tour) On the Run Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_Tour_(Beyonc%C3%A9_and_Jay-Z)) The Formation World Tour (/wiki/The_Formation_World_Tour) On the Run II Tour (/wiki/On_the_Run_II_Tour) Renaissance World Tour (/wiki/Renaissance_World_Tour) Live performances I Am... Yours (/wiki/I_Am..._Yours) 2011 Glastonbury performance (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_2011_Glastonbury_performance) 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé (/wiki/4_Intimate_Nights_with_Beyonc%C3%A9) Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live (/wiki/Revel_Presents:_Beyonc%C3%A9_Live) Super Bowl XLVII halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show) Super Bowl 50 halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_50_halftime_show) Beychella (/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) 2023 Dubai performance (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_2023_Dubai_performance) Retail products and brands True Star (/wiki/True_Star_(perfume)) House of Deréon (/wiki/House_of_Der%C3%A9on) Heat (/wiki/Heat_(perfume)) Rise (/wiki/Rise_(perfume)) Tidal (/wiki/Tidal_(service)) Ivy Park (/wiki/Ivy_Park) Cécred (/wiki/C%C3%A9cred) Family Angela Beyincé (/wiki/Angela_Beyinc%C3%A9) Blue Ivy Carter (/wiki/Blue_Ivy_Carter) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) Mathew Knowles (/wiki/Mathew_Knowles) Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) Tina Knowles (/wiki/Tina_Knowles) Related articles BeyGood (/wiki/BeyGood) EveryBODYisflawless (/wiki/EveryBODYisflawless) Let's Move! Flash Workout (/wiki/Let%27s_Move!_Flash_Workout) Parkwood Entertainment (/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment) Premier Tower (/wiki/Premier_Tower) Scaptia beyonceae (/wiki/Scaptia_beyonceae) Suga Mama (/wiki/Suga_Mama_(band)) Category (/wiki/Category:Beyonc%C3%A9) show v t e Beyoncé songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) Discography (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_singles_discography) Dangerously in Love (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love) " Crazy in Love (/wiki/Crazy_in_Love) " " Naughty Girl (/wiki/Naughty_Girl_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Me, Myself and I (/wiki/Me,_Myself_and_I_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " The Closer I Get to You (/wiki/The_Closer_I_Get_to_You) " " Dangerously in Love 2 (/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love_2) " " Daddy (/wiki/Daddy_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " B'Day (/wiki/B%27Day) " Déjà Vu (/wiki/D%C3%A9j%C3%A0_Vu_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Get Me Bodied (/wiki/Get_Me_Bodied) " " Suga Mama (/wiki/Suga_Mama) " " Upgrade U (/wiki/Upgrade_U) " " Ring the Alarm (/wiki/Ring_the_Alarm) " " Kitty Kat (/wiki/Kitty_Kat_(song)) " " Freakum Dress (/wiki/Freakum_Dress) " " Green Light (/wiki/Green_Light_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Irreplaceable (/wiki/Irreplaceable) " " Resentment (/wiki/Resentment_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Listen (/wiki/Listen_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Check on It (/wiki/Check_on_It) " " Beautiful Liar / Bello Embustero (/wiki/Beautiful_Liar) " " Welcome to Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood_(Jay-Z_song)) " " Flaws and All (/wiki/Flaws_and_All) " " Still in Love (Kissing You) (/wiki/Kissing_You_(Des%27ree_song)) " " Amor Gitano (/wiki/Amor_Gitano) " I Am... Sasha Fierce (/wiki/I_Am..._Sasha_Fierce) " If I Were a Boy (/wiki/If_I_Were_a_Boy) " " Halo (/wiki/Halo_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Broken-Hearted Girl (/wiki/Broken-Hearted_Girl) " " Ave Maria (/wiki/Ave_Maria_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) " " Radio (/wiki/Radio_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Diva (/wiki/Diva_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Sweet Dreams (/wiki/Sweet_Dreams_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Video Phone (/wiki/Video_Phone_(song)) " " Ego (/wiki/Ego_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Honesty (/wiki/Honesty_(Billy_Joel_song)) " " Why Don't You Love Me (/wiki/Why_Don%27t_You_Love_Me_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Poison (/wiki/Poison_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " 4 (/wiki/4_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) " 1+1 (/wiki/1%2B1_(song)) " " I Care (/wiki/I_Care_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " I Miss You (/wiki/I_Miss_You_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Best Thing I Never Had (/wiki/Best_Thing_I_Never_Had) " " Party (/wiki/Party_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Rather Die Young (/wiki/Rather_Die_Young) " " Start Over (/wiki/Start_Over_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Love On Top (/wiki/Love_On_Top) " " Countdown (/wiki/Countdown_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " End of Time (/wiki/End_of_Time_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " I Was Here (/wiki/I_Was_Here_(song)) " " Run the World (Girls) (/wiki/Run_the_World_(Girls)) " " Lay Up Under Me (/wiki/Lay_Up_Under_Me) " " Schoolin' Life (/wiki/Schoolin%27_Life) " " Dance for You (/wiki/Dance_for_You) " Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_(album)) " Pretty Hurts (/wiki/Pretty_Hurts) " " Haunted (/wiki/Haunted_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Drunk in Love (/wiki/Drunk_in_Love) " " Blow (/wiki/Blow_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " No Angel (/wiki/No_Angel_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Partition (/wiki/Partition_(song)) " " Jealous (/wiki/Jealous_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Rocket (/wiki/Rocket_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Mine (/wiki/Mine_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " XO (/wiki/XO_(song)) " " Flawless (/wiki/Flawless_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Superpower (/wiki/Superpower_(song)) " " Heaven (/wiki/Heaven_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " 7/11 (/wiki/7/11_(song)) " " Ring Off (/wiki/Ring_Off_(song)) " " Standing on the Sun (/wiki/Standing_on_the_Sun) " " Grown Woman (/wiki/Grown_Woman_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " Lemonade (/wiki/Lemonade_(album)) " Pray You Catch Me (/wiki/Pray_You_Catch_Me) " " Hold Up (/wiki/Hold_Up_(song)) " " Don't Hurt Yourself (/wiki/Don%27t_Hurt_Yourself_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Sorry (/wiki/Sorry_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " 6 Inch (/wiki/6_Inch) " " Daddy Lessons (/wiki/Daddy_Lessons) " " Love Drought (/wiki/Love_Drought) " " Sandcastles (/wiki/Sandcastles_(song)) " " Freedom (/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " All Night (/wiki/All_Night_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Formation (/wiki/Formation_(song)) " The Lion King: The Gift (/wiki/The_Lion_King:_The_Gift) " Bigger (/wiki/Bigger_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Find Your Way Back (/wiki/Find_Your_Way_Back_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Brown Skin Girl (/wiki/Brown_Skin_Girl) " " Already (/wiki/Already_(song)) " " Spirit (/wiki/Spirit_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Black Parade (/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)) " Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) " Cozy (/wiki/Cozy_(song)) " " Alien Superstar (/wiki/Alien_Superstar) " " Cuff It (/wiki/Cuff_It) " " Energy (/wiki/Energy_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Break My Soul (/wiki/Break_My_Soul) " " Virgo's Groove (/wiki/Virgo%27s_Groove) " " Heated (/wiki/Heated_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " America Has a Problem (/wiki/America_Has_a_Problem) " " Pure/Honey (/wiki/Pure/Honey) " Cowboy Carter (/wiki/Cowboy_Carter) " Blackbiird (/wiki/Blackbird_(Beatles_song)#Cover_versions) " " 16 Carriages (/wiki/16_Carriages) " " Texas Hold 'Em (/wiki/Texas_Hold_%27Em_(song)) " " Bodyguard (/wiki/Bodyguard_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Jolene (/wiki/Jolene_(song)#Beyoncé_version) " " II Most Wanted (/wiki/II_Most_Wanted) " As featured artist " '03 Bonnie & Clyde (/wiki/%2703_Bonnie_%26_Clyde) " " Delresto (Echoes) (/wiki/Delresto_(Echoes)) " " Family Feud (/wiki/Family_Feud_(song)) " " Feeling Myself (/wiki/Feeling_Myself_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) " " Fighting Temptation (/wiki/Fighting_Temptation) " " Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood_(Jay-Z_song)) " " Hymn for the Weekend (/wiki/Hymn_for_the_Weekend) " " I Got That (/wiki/I_Got_That) " " Just Stand Up! (/wiki/Just_Stand_Up!) " " Lift Off (/wiki/Lift_Off_(song)) " " Love a Woman (/wiki/Love_a_Woman) " " Love in This Club Part II (/wiki/Love_in_This_Club_Part_II) " " Make Me Say It Again, Girl (/wiki/Make_Me_Say_It_Again,_Girl_(song)) " " Mi Gente (/wiki/Mi_Gente_(J_Balvin_and_Willy_William_song)) " " Part II (On the Run) (/wiki/Part_II_(On_the_Run)) " " Put It in a Love Song (/wiki/Put_It_in_a_Love_Song) " " Runnin' (Lose It All) (/wiki/Runnin%27_(Lose_It_All)) " " Savage (Remix) (/wiki/Savage_(Megan_Thee_Stallion_song)#Beyoncé_remix) " " Say Yes (/wiki/Say_Yes_(Michelle_Williams_song)) " " See Me Now (/wiki/See_Me_Now) " " Shining (/wiki/Shining_(song)) " " Telephone (/wiki/Telephone_(song)) " " Top Off (/wiki/Top_Off) " " Until the End of Time (/wiki/Until_the_End_of_Time_(Justin_Timberlake_and_Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Walk on Water (/wiki/Walk_on_Water_(Eminem_song)) " " What More Can I Give (/wiki/What_More_Can_I_Give) " Other songs " A Woman Like Me (/wiki/A_Woman_Like_Me_(song)) " " All I Could Do Was Cry (/wiki/All_I_Could_Do_Was_Cry) " " Apeshit (/wiki/Apeshit) " " At Last (/wiki/At_Last#Beyoncé_version) " " Back to Black (/wiki/Back_to_Black_(song)#Beyoncé_and_André_3000_version) " " Be Alive (/wiki/Be_Alive) " " Before I Let Go (/wiki/Before_I_Let_Go#Beyoncé_version) " " Can You Feel the Love Tonight (/wiki/Can_You_Feel_the_Love_Tonight) " " Die with You (/wiki/Die_with_You) " " Fever (/wiki/Fever_(Little_Willie_John_song)#Beyoncé_version) " " God Bless the U.S.A. (/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A.#Beyoncé_version) " " I'd Rather Go Blind (/wiki/I%27d_Rather_Go_Blind#Other_versions) " " My House (/wiki/My_House_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " One Night Only (/wiki/One_Night_Only_(song)) " " Perfect Duet (/wiki/Perfect_Duet) " " Pink + White (/wiki/Pink_%2B_White) " " Sexy Lil Thug (/wiki/In_da_Club#"Sexy_Lil_Thug") " " So Amazing (/wiki/So_Amazing_(song)) " " Sorry Not Sorry (/wiki/Sorry_Not_Sorry_(DJ_Khaled_song)) " " Summertime (/wiki/Summertime_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " " Wishing on a Star (/wiki/Wishing_on_a_Star#Beyoncé_version) " " Work It Out (/wiki/Work_It_Out_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " Category (/wiki/Category:Beyonc%C3%A9) show Related articles show v t e Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) Beyoncé Knowles Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) Michelle Williams (/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(singer)) LaTavia Roberson (/wiki/LaTavia_Roberson) LeToya Luckett (/wiki/LeToya_Luckett) Farrah Franklin (/wiki/Farrah_Franklin) Studio albums Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_(album)) The Writing's on the Wall (/wiki/The_Writing%27s_on_the_Wall) Survivor (/wiki/Survivor_(Destiny%27s_Child_album)) 8 Days of Christmas (/wiki/8_Days_of_Christmas) Destiny Fulfilled (/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled) Compilation albums This Is the Remix (/wiki/This_Is_the_Remix_(Destiny%27s_Child_album)) #1's (/wiki/Number_1%27s_(Destiny%27s_Child_album)) Mathew Knowles & Music World Present Vol.1: Love Destiny (/wiki/Mathew_Knowles_%26_Music_World_Present_Vol.1:_Love_Destiny) Playlist: The Very Best of Destiny's Child (/wiki/Playlist:_The_Very_Best_of_Destiny%27s_Child) Love Songs (/wiki/Love_Songs_(Destiny%27s_Child_album)) Destiny's Child: The Untold Story Presents Girls Tyme (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child:_The_Untold_Story_Presents_Girls_Tyme) Singles " No, No, No (/wiki/No,_No,_No_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) " " With Me (/wiki/With_Me_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) " " Get on the Bus (/wiki/Get_on_the_Bus_(song)) " " Bills, Bills, Bills (/wiki/Bills,_Bills,_Bills) " " Bug a Boo (/wiki/Bug_a_Boo_(song)) " " Say My Name (/wiki/Say_My_Name) " " Jumpin', Jumpin' (/wiki/Jumpin%27,_Jumpin%27) " " Independent Women Part I (/wiki/Independent_Women_Part_I) " " Survivor (/wiki/Survivor_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) " " Bootylicious (/wiki/Bootylicious) " " Emotion (/wiki/Emotion_(Samantha_Sang_song)#Destiny's_Child_version) " " Nasty Girl (/wiki/Nasty_Girl_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) " " 8 Days of Christmas (/wiki/8_Days_of_Christmas_(song)) " " Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer_(song)) " " Lose My Breath (/wiki/Lose_My_Breath) " " Soldier (/wiki/Soldier_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) " " Girl (/wiki/Girl_(Destiny%27s_Child_song)) " " Cater 2 U (/wiki/Cater_2_U) " " Stand Up for Love (/wiki/Stand_Up_for_Love) " Featured singles " Just Be Straight with Me (/wiki/Just_Be_Straight_with_Me) " " She's Gone (/wiki/She%27s_Gone_(Hall_%26_Oates_song)#Other_versions) " " Thug Love (/wiki/Thug_Love_(song)) " " What's Going On (/wiki/What%27s_Going_On_(Marvin_Gaye_song)#Artists_Against_AIDS_Worldwide_cover) " " The Girl Is Mine (/wiki/The_Girl_Is_Mine_(99_Souls_song)) " Live and video releases The Platinum's on the Wall (/wiki/The_Platinum%27s_on_the_Wall) Destiny's Child World Tour (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_World_Tour#Broadcasts_and_recordings) Live in Atlanta (/wiki/Live_in_Atlanta) Video Anthology (/wiki/Video_Anthology_(video)) Concert tours Total Request Live Tour (/wiki/Total_Request_Live_Tour) Destiny's Child World Tour (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_World_Tour) Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It (/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled..._and_Lovin%27_It) Other collaborations " Say Yes (/wiki/Say_Yes_(Michelle_Williams_song)) " Super Bowl XLVII halftime show (/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show) Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé (/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9) The Live Album (/wiki/Homecoming:_The_Live_Album) Related topics Discography (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child_discography) Awards and nominations 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(/wiki/Damn_(Kendrick_Lamar_album)) – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2018) Invasion of Privacy (/wiki/Invasion_of_Privacy_(album)) – Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2019) Please Excuse Me for Being Antisocial (/wiki/Please_Excuse_Me_for_Being_Antisocial) – Roddy Ricch (/wiki/Roddy_Ricch) (2020) Heaux Tales (/wiki/Heaux_Tales) – Jazmine Sullivan (/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan) (2021) An Evening with Silk Sonic (/wiki/An_Evening_with_Silk_Sonic) – Silk Sonic (/wiki/Silk_Sonic) (2022) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) – Beyoncé / SOS (/wiki/SOS_(SZA_album)) – SZA (/wiki/SZA) (2023) Michael (/wiki/Michael_(Killer_Mike_album)) – Killer Mike (/wiki/Killer_Mike) (2024) show v t e BET Award for Best Collaboration (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Collaboration) Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) , Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) and Charlie Wilson (/wiki/Charlie_Wilson_(singer)) (2003) Beyoncé and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2004) Ciara (/wiki/Ciara) and Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2005) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) and Jamie Foxx (/wiki/Jamie_Foxx) (2006) Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) and Mary J. 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(2023) Boygenius (/wiki/Boygenius) (2024) show v t e Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Song (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Song) 1990s " When You Believe (/wiki/When_You_Believe) " – Music and Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz (/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz) (1998) " Music of My Heart (/wiki/Music_of_My_Heart) " – Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren (/wiki/Diane_Warren) (1999) 2000s " My Funny Friend and Me (/wiki/My_Funny_Friend_and_Me) " – Music by David Hartley (/wiki/David_Hartley_(musician)) and Sting (/wiki/Sting_(musician)) ; Lyrics by Sting (/wiki/Sting_(musician)) (2000) " May It Be (/wiki/May_It_Be) " – Music and Lyrics by Enya (/wiki/Enya) , Nicky Ryan (/wiki/Nicky_Ryan) and Roma Ryan (/wiki/Roma_Ryan) / " Vanilla Sky (/wiki/Vanilla_Sky_(song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Paul McCartney (/wiki/Paul_McCartney) (2001) " Lose Yourself (/wiki/Lose_Yourself) " – Music and Lyrics by Jeff Bass (/wiki/Jeff_Bass) , Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) and Luis Resto (/wiki/Luis_Resto_(musician)) (2002) "A Mighty Wind" – Music and Lyrics by Christopher Guest (/wiki/Christopher_Guest) , Eugene Levy (/wiki/Eugene_Levy) and Michael McKean (/wiki/Michael_McKean) (2003) " Old Habits Die Hard (/wiki/Old_Habits_Die_Hard) " – Music and Lyrics by Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) and David Stewart (/wiki/Dave_Stewart_(Eurythmics)) (2004) "Hustle & Flow" – Music and Lyrics by Terrence Howard (/wiki/Terrence_Howard) (2005) " Listen (/wiki/Listen_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Scott Cutler (/wiki/Scott_Cutler) , Henry Krieger (/wiki/Henry_Krieger) and Anne Preven (/wiki/Anne_Preven) (2006) " Falling Slowly (/wiki/Falling_Slowly) " – Music and Lyrics by Glen Hansard (/wiki/Glen_Hansard) and Markéta Irglová (/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Irglov%C3%A1) (2007) " The Wrestler (/wiki/The_Wrestler_(song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen (/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen) (2008) " The Weary Kind (/wiki/The_Weary_Kind) " – Music and Lyrics by Ryan Bingham (/wiki/Ryan_Bingham) and T Bone Burnett (/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett) (2009) 2010s " If I Rise (/wiki/If_I_Rise) " – Music and Lyrics by Rollo Armstrong (/wiki/Rollo_Armstrong) , Dido (/wiki/Dido_(singer)) and A. R. Rahman (/wiki/A._R._Rahman) (2010) "Life's a Happy Song" – Music and Lyrics by Bret McKenzie (/wiki/Bret_McKenzie) (2011) " Skyfall (/wiki/Skyfall_(song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Adele (/wiki/Adele) and Paul Epworth (/wiki/Paul_Epworth) (2012) " Let It Go (/wiki/Let_It_Go) " – Music and Lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez (/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez) and Robert Lopez (/wiki/Robert_Lopez) (2013) " Glory (/wiki/Glory_(Common_and_John_Legend_song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Common (/wiki/Common_(rapper)) and John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) (2014) " See You Again (/wiki/See_You_Again) " – Music and Lyrics by Andrew Cedar, DJ Frank E (/wiki/DJ_Frank_E) , Wiz Khalifa (/wiki/Wiz_Khalifa) and Charlie Puth (/wiki/Charlie_Puth) (2015) " City of Stars (/wiki/City_of_Stars) " – Music by Justin Hurwitz (/wiki/Justin_Hurwitz) ; Lyrics by Benj Pasek (/wiki/Benj_Pasek) and Justin Paul (/wiki/Justin_Paul) (2016) " Remember Me (/wiki/Remember_Me_(Coco_song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez (/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez) and Robert Lopez (/wiki/Robert_Lopez) (2017) " Shallow (/wiki/Shallow_(Lady_Gaga_and_Bradley_Cooper_song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Mark Ronson (/wiki/Mark_Ronson) , Anthony Rossomando (/wiki/Anthony_Rossomando) and Andrew Wyatt (/wiki/Andrew_Wyatt) (2018) "Glasgow (No Place Like Home)" – Music and Lyrics by Mary Steenburgen (/wiki/Mary_Steenburgen) / " (I'm Gonna) Love Me Again (/wiki/(I%27m_Gonna)_Love_Me_Again) " – Music by Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) ; Lyrics by Bernie Taupin (/wiki/Bernie_Taupin) (2019) 2020s "Speak Now" – Music and Lyrics by Leslie Odom Jr. (/wiki/Leslie_Odom_Jr.) and Sam Ashworth (/wiki/Sam_Ashworth_(songwriter)) (2020) " No Time to Die (/wiki/No_Time_to_Die_(song)) " – Music and Lyrics by Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) and Finneas O'Connell (/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell) (2021) " Naatu Naatu (/wiki/Naatu_Naatu) " – Music by M. M. 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(/wiki/What_Kind_of_Fool_Am_I%3F) " – Leslie Bricusse (/wiki/Leslie_Bricusse) & Anthony Newley (/wiki/Anthony_Newley) (songwriters) (1962) " Days of Wine and Roses (/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)) " – Johnny Mercer (/wiki/Johnny_Mercer) & Henry Mancini (/wiki/Henry_Mancini) (songwriters) (1963) " Hello, Dolly! (/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(song)) " – Jerry Herman (/wiki/Jerry_Herman) (songwriter) (1964) " The Shadow of Your Smile (/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Your_Smile) " – Paul Francis Webster (/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster) & Johnny Mandel (/wiki/Johnny_Mandel) (songwriters) (1965) " Michelle (/wiki/Michelle_(song)) " – John Lennon (/wiki/John_Lennon) & Paul McCartney (/wiki/Paul_McCartney) (songwriters) (1966) " Up, Up, and Away (/wiki/Up,_Up_and_Away_(song)) " – Jimmy Webb (/wiki/Jimmy_Webb) (songwriter) (1967) " Little Green Apples (/wiki/Little_Green_Apples) " – Bobby Russell (/wiki/Bobby_Russell) (songwriter) (1968) " Games People Play (/wiki/Games_People_Play_(Joe_South_song)) " – Joe South (/wiki/Joe_South) (songwriter) (1969) 1970s " Bridge over Troubled Water (/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water_(song)) " – Paul Simon (/wiki/Paul_Simon) (songwriter) (1970) " You've Got a Friend (/wiki/You%27ve_Got_a_Friend) " – Carole King (/wiki/Carole_King) (songwriter) (1971) " The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face (/wiki/The_First_Time_Ever_I_Saw_Your_Face) " – Ewan MacColl (/wiki/Ewan_MacColl) (songwriter) (1972) " Killing Me Softly with His Song (/wiki/Killing_Me_Softly_with_His_Song) " – Norman Gimbel (/wiki/Norman_Gimbel) & Charles Fox (/wiki/Charles_Fox_(composer)) (songwriters) (1973) " The Way We Were (/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_(song)) " – Alan and Marilyn Bergman (/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman) & Marvin Hamlisch (/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch) (songwriters) (1974) " Send In the Clowns (/wiki/Send_In_the_Clowns) " – Stephen Sondheim (/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim) (songwriter) (1975) " I Write the Songs (/wiki/I_Write_the_Songs) " – Bruce Johnston (/wiki/Bruce_Johnston) (songwriter) (1976) " Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born) (/wiki/Evergreen_(Love_Theme_from_A_Star_Is_Born)) " – Barbra Streisand (/wiki/Barbra_Streisand) & Paul Williams (/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)) (songwriters) / " You Light Up My Life (/wiki/You_Light_Up_My_Life_(song)) " – Joe Brooks (/wiki/Joseph_Brooks_(songwriter)) (songwriter) (1977) " Just the Way You Are (/wiki/Just_the_Way_You_Are_(Billy_Joel_song)) " – Billy Joel (/wiki/Billy_Joel) (songwriter) (1978) " What a Fool Believes (/wiki/What_a_Fool_Believes) " – Kenny Loggins (/wiki/Kenny_Loggins) & Michael McDonald (/wiki/Michael_McDonald_(musician)) (songwriters) (1979) 1980s " Sailing (/wiki/Sailing_(Christopher_Cross_song)) " – Christopher Cross (/wiki/Christopher_Cross) (songwriter) (1980) " Bette Davis Eyes (/wiki/Bette_Davis_Eyes) " – Donna Weiss (/wiki/Donna_Weiss) & Jackie DeShannon (/wiki/Jackie_DeShannon) (songwriters) (1981) " Always on My Mind (/wiki/Always_on_My_Mind) " – Johnny Christopher (/wiki/Johnny_Christopher) , Mark James (/wiki/Mark_James_(songwriter)) & Wayne Carson (/wiki/Wayne_Carson) (songwriters) (1982) " Every Breath You Take (/wiki/Every_Breath_You_Take) " – Sting (/wiki/Sting_(musician)) (songwriter) (1983) " What's Love Got to Do with It (/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)) " – Graham Lyle (/wiki/Graham_Lyle) & Terry Britten (/wiki/Terry_Britten) (songwriters) (1984) " We Are the World (/wiki/We_Are_the_World) " – Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) & Lionel Richie (/wiki/Lionel_Richie) (songwriters) (1985) " That's What Friends Are For (/wiki/That%27s_What_Friends_Are_For) " – Burt Bacharach (/wiki/Burt_Bacharach) & Carole Bayer Sager (/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager) (songwriters) (1986) " Somewhere Out There (/wiki/Somewhere_Out_There_(An_American_Tail_song)) " – James Horner (/wiki/James_Horner) , Barry Mann (/wiki/Barry_Mann) & Cynthia Weil (/wiki/Cynthia_Weil) (songwriters) (1987) " Don't Worry, Be Happy (/wiki/Don%27t_Worry,_Be_Happy) " – Bobby McFerrin (/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin) (songwriter) (1988) " Wind Beneath My Wings (/wiki/Wind_Beneath_My_Wings) " – Larry Henley (/wiki/Larry_Henley) & Jeff Silbar (/wiki/Jeff_Silbar) (songwriters) (1989) 1990s " From a Distance (/wiki/From_a_Distance) " – Julie Gold (/wiki/Julie_Gold) (songwriter) (1990) " Unforgettable (/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)) " – Irving Gordon (/wiki/Irving_Gordon) (songwriter) (1991) " Tears in Heaven (/wiki/Tears_in_Heaven) " – Eric Clapton (/wiki/Eric_Clapton) & Will Jennings (/wiki/Will_Jennings) (songwriters) (1992) " A Whole New World (/wiki/A_Whole_New_World) " – Alan Menken (/wiki/Alan_Menken) & Tim Rice (/wiki/Tim_Rice) (songwriters) (1993) " Streets of Philadelphia (/wiki/Streets_of_Philadelphia) " – Bruce Springsteen (/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen) (songwriter) (1994) " Kiss from a Rose (/wiki/Kiss_from_a_Rose) " – Seal (/wiki/Seal_(musician)) (songwriter) (1995) " Change the World (/wiki/Change_the_World) " – Gordon Kennedy (/wiki/Gordon_Kennedy_(musician)) , Wayne Kirkpatrick (/wiki/Wayne_Kirkpatrick) & Tommy Sims (/wiki/Tommy_Sims) (songwriters) (1996) " Sunny Came Home (/wiki/Sunny_Came_Home) " – Shawn Colvin (/wiki/Shawn_Colvin) & John Leventhal (/wiki/John_Leventhal) (songwriters) (1997) " My Heart Will Go On (/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On) " – James Horner 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(/wiki/Adam_Clayton) , David Evans (/wiki/The_Edge) , Laurence Mullen (/wiki/Larry_Mullen_Jr.) & Paul Hewson (/wiki/Bono) (songwriters) (2005) " Not Ready to Make Nice (/wiki/Not_Ready_to_Make_Nice) " – Emily Burns Erwin (/wiki/Emily_Robison) , Martha Maguire (/wiki/Martie_Maguire) , Natalie Maines Pasdar (/wiki/Natalie_Maines) & Dan Wilson (/wiki/Dan_Wilson_(musician)) (songwriters) (2006) " Rehab (/wiki/Rehab_(Amy_Winehouse_song)) " – Amy Winehouse (/wiki/Amy_Winehouse) (songwriter) (2007) " Viva la Vida (/wiki/Viva_la_Vida) " – Guy Berryman (/wiki/Guy_Berryman) , Jonathan Buckland (/wiki/Jonny_Buckland) , William Champion (/wiki/Will_Champion) & Christopher Martin (/wiki/Chris_Martin) (songwriters) (2008) " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) " – Thaddis "Kuk" Harrell (/wiki/Kuk_Harrell) , Beyoncé Knowles , Terius Nash (/wiki/The-Dream) & Christopher Stewart (/wiki/Tricky_Stewart) (songwriters) (2009) 2010s " Need You Now (/wiki/Need_You_Now_(Lady_Antebellum_song)) " – Dave Haywood (/wiki/Dave_Haywood) , Josh Kear (/wiki/Josh_Kear) , Charles Kelley (/wiki/Charles_Kelley) & Hillary Scott (/wiki/Hillary_Scott) (songwriters) (2010) " Rolling in the Deep (/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep) " – Adele Adkins (/wiki/Adele) & Paul Epworth (/wiki/Paul_Epworth) (songwriters) (2011) " We Are Young (/wiki/We_Are_Young) " – Jack Antonoff (/wiki/Jack_Antonoff) , Jeff Bhasker (/wiki/Jeff_Bhasker) , Andrew Dost (/wiki/Andrew_Dost) & Nate Ruess (/wiki/Nate_Ruess) (songwriters) (2012) " Royals (/wiki/Royals_(song)) " – Joel Little (/wiki/Joel_Little) & Ella Yelich O'Connor (/wiki/Lorde) (songwriters) (2013) " Stay with Me (/wiki/Stay_with_Me_(Sam_Smith_song)) " ( Darkchild (/wiki/Rodney_Jerkins) version) – James Napier (/wiki/Jimmy_Napes) , William Phillips (/wiki/Tourist_(musician)) & Sam Smith (/wiki/Sam_Smith) (songwriters) (2014) " Thinking Out Loud (/wiki/Thinking_Out_Loud) " – Ed Sheeran (/wiki/Ed_Sheeran) & Amy Wadge (/wiki/Amy_Wadge) (songwriters) (2015) " Hello (/wiki/Hello_(Adele_song)) " – Adele Adkins (/wiki/Adele) & Greg Kurstin (/wiki/Greg_Kurstin) (songwriters) (2016) " That's What I Like (/wiki/That%27s_What_I_Like_(Bruno_Mars_song)) " – Christopher Brody Brown (/wiki/Brody_Brown) , James Fauntleroy (/wiki/James_Fauntleroy) , Philip Lawrence (/wiki/Philip_Lawrence_(songwriter)) , Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) , Ray Charles McCullough II, Jeremy Reeves, Ray Romulus & Jonathan Yip (/wiki/The_Stereotypes) (songwriters) (2017) " This Is America (/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)) " – Donald Glover (/wiki/Donald_Glover) , Ludwig Göransson (/wiki/Ludwig_G%C3%B6ransson) & Jeffery Lamar Williams (/wiki/Young_Thug) (songwriters) (2018) " Bad Guy (/wiki/Bad_Guy_(Billie_Eilish_song)) " – Billie Eilish O'Connell (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) & Finneas O'Connell (/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell) (songwriters) (2019) 2020s " I Can't Breathe (/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)) " – Dernst Emile II (/wiki/D%27Mile) , H.E.R. 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(2020) " Your Power (/wiki/Your_Power) " by Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) (2021) " About Damn Time (/wiki/About_Damn_Time) " by Lizzo (/wiki/Lizzo) (2022) show v t e MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year) 1980s " You Might Think (/wiki/You_Might_Think) " – The Cars (/wiki/The_Cars) (1984) " The Boys of Summer (/wiki/The_Boys_of_Summer_(song)) " – Don Henley (/wiki/Don_Henley) (1985) " Money for Nothing (/wiki/Money_for_Nothing_(song)) " – Dire Straits (/wiki/Dire_Straits) (1986) " Sledgehammer (/wiki/Sledgehammer_(Peter_Gabriel_song)) " – Peter Gabriel (/wiki/Peter_Gabriel) (1987) " Need You Tonight (/wiki/Need_You_Tonight) " / " Mediate (/wiki/Mediate_(song)) " – INXS (/wiki/INXS) (1988) " This Note's for You (/wiki/This_Note%27s_for_You) " – Neil Young (/wiki/Neil_Young) (1989) 1990s " Nothing Compares 2 U (/wiki/Nothing_Compares_2_U) " – Sinéad O'Connor (/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor) (1990) " Losing My Religion (/wiki/Losing_My_Religion) " – R.E.M. (/wiki/R.E.M.) (1991) " Right Now (/wiki/Right_Now_(Van_Halen_song)) " – Van Halen (/wiki/Van_Halen) (1992) " Jeremy (/wiki/Jeremy_(song)) " – Pearl Jam (/wiki/Pearl_Jam) (1993) " Cryin' (/wiki/Cryin%27_(Aerosmith_song)) " – Aerosmith (/wiki/Aerosmith) (1994) " Waterfalls (/wiki/Waterfalls_(TLC_song)) " – TLC (/wiki/TLC_(group)) (1995) " Tonight, Tonight (/wiki/Tonight,_Tonight_(The_Smashing_Pumpkins_song)) " – The Smashing Pumpkins (/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins) (1996) " Virtual Insanity (/wiki/Virtual_Insanity) " – Jamiroquai (/wiki/Jamiroquai) (1997) " Ray of Light (/wiki/Ray_of_Light_(song)) " – Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) (1998) " Doo Wop (That Thing) (/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)) " – Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) (1999) 2000s " The Real Slim Shady (/wiki/The_Real_Slim_Shady) " – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2000) " Lady Marmalade (/wiki/Lady_Marmalade) " – Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) , Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) , Mýa (/wiki/M%C3%BDa) and Pink (/wiki/Pink_(singer)) (2001) " Without Me (/wiki/Without_Me_(Eminem_song)) " – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2002) " Work It (/wiki/Work_It_(Missy_Elliott_song)) " – Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2003) " Hey Ya! (/wiki/Hey_Ya!) " – Outkast (/wiki/Outkast) (2004) " Boulevard of Broken Dreams (/wiki/Boulevard_of_Broken_Dreams_(Green_Day_song)) " – Green Day (/wiki/Green_Day) (2005) " I Write Sins Not Tragedies (/wiki/I_Write_Sins_Not_Tragedies) " – Panic! at the Disco (/wiki/Panic!_at_the_Disco) (2006) " Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_(song)) " – Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) featuring Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2007) " Piece of Me (/wiki/Piece_of_Me) " – Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) (2008) " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) " – Beyoncé (2009) 2010s " Bad Romance (/wiki/Bad_Romance) " – Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) (2010) " Firework (/wiki/Firework_(song)) " – Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) (2011) " We Found Love (/wiki/We_Found_Love_(music_video)) " – Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) featuring Calvin Harris (/wiki/Calvin_Harris) (2012) " Mirrors (/wiki/Mirrors_(Justin_Timberlake_song)) " – Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) (2013) " Wrecking Ball (/wiki/Wrecking_Ball_(Miley_Cyrus_song)) " – Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) (2014) " Bad Blood (/wiki/Bad_Blood_(Taylor_Swift_song)) " – Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) featuring Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2015) " Formation (/wiki/Formation_(song)) " – Beyoncé (2016) " Humble (/wiki/Humble_(song)) " – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2017) " Havana (/wiki/Havana_(Camila_Cabello_song)) " – Camila Cabello (/wiki/Camila_Cabello) featuring Young Thug (/wiki/Young_Thug) (2018) " You Need to Calm Down (/wiki/You_Need_to_Calm_Down) " – Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2019) 2020s " Blinding Lights (/wiki/Blinding_Lights) " – The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) (2020) " Montero (Call Me by Your Name) (/wiki/Montero_(Call_Me_by_Your_Name)) " – Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) (2021) All Too Well: The Short Film (/wiki/All_Too_Well:_The_Short_Film) – Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2022) " Anti-Hero (/wiki/Anti-Hero_(song)) " – Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) (2023) show v t e NAACP Image Award for Entertainer of the Year (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Entertainer_of_the_Year) Dionne Warwick (/wiki/Dionne_Warwick) (1985) Patti LaBelle (/wiki/Patti_LaBelle) (1986) Dionne Warwick (/wiki/Dionne_Warwick) (1987) Lionel Richie (/wiki/Lionel_Richie) (1988) Eddie Murphy (/wiki/Eddie_Murphy) (1989) Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) (1990) Patti LaBelle (/wiki/Patti_LaBelle) (1991) Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) (1992) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1993) Quincy Jones (/wiki/Quincy_Jones) (1995) Denzel Washington (/wiki/Denzel_Washington) (1996) Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds (/wiki/Babyface_(musician)) (1997) Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) (1998) Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) (1999) Steve Harvey (/wiki/Steve_Harvey) (2000) Beyoncé (2003) Jamie Foxx (/wiki/Jamie_Foxx) (2012) Kevin Hart (/wiki/Kevin_Hart) (2013) Taraji P. Henson (/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson) (2014) Michael B. Jordan (/wiki/Michael_B._Jordan) (2015) Dwayne Johnson (/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson) (2016) Ava DuVernay (/wiki/Ava_DuVernay) (2017) Beyoncé (2018) Lizzo (/wiki/Lizzo) (2019) D-Nice (/wiki/D-Nice) (2020) Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) (2021) Angela Bassett (/wiki/Angela_Bassett) (2022) Usher (/wiki/Usher_(musician)) (2023) show v t e NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo, Group or Collaboration (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Duo_or_Group) Duo or Group (1979–2007) The Jacksons (/wiki/The_Jackson_5) (1979) The Commodores (/wiki/The_Commodores) (1980) Kool & the Gang (/wiki/Kool_%26_the_Gang) (1981) Gladys Knight & the Pips (/wiki/Gladys_Knight_%26_the_Pips) (1982) No Award (1983–1985) Atlantic Starr (/wiki/Atlantic_Starr) (1986) Gladys Knight & the Pips (/wiki/Gladys_Knight_%26_the_Pips) (1987) LeVert (/wiki/LeVert) (1988) After 7 (/wiki/After_7) (1989) No Award (1990) The O'Jays (/wiki/The_O%27Jays) (1991) Boyz II Men (/wiki/Boyz_II_Men) (1992) En Vogue (/wiki/En_Vogue) (1993) No Award (1994) Boyz II Men (/wiki/Boyz_II_Men) (1995) Kirk Franklin (/wiki/Kirk_Franklin) (1996) Boyz II Men (/wiki/Boyz_II_Men) (1997) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) and Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) (1998) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) (1999) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) (2000) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) (2001) India Arie (/wiki/India_Arie) and Stevie Wonder (/wiki/Stevie_Wonder) (2002) Outkast (/wiki/Outkast) (2003) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) (2004) Destiny's Child (/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child) (2005) The Cheetah Girls (/wiki/The_Cheetah_Girls_(group)) (2006) Eddie Levert (/wiki/Eddie_Levert) and Gerald Levert (/wiki/Gerald_Levert) (2007) Duo, Group or Collaboration (2008–2019) Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) and Fantasia (/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino) (2008) Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/Black_Eyed_Peas) (2009) John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) and The Roots (/wiki/The_Roots) (2010) Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) and Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2011) Mary Mary (/wiki/Mary_Mary) (2012) Robin Thicke (/wiki/Robin_Thicke) , T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) , and Pharrell (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) (2013) Sam Smith (/wiki/Sam_Smith) and Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2014) Empire (/wiki/Empire_(2015_TV_series)) Cast featuring Estelle (/wiki/Estelle_(musician)) and Jussie Smollett (/wiki/Jussie_Smollett) (2015) Beyoncé featuring Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2016) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) featuring Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) (2017) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) and SZA (/wiki/SZA) (2018) Blue Ivy (/wiki/Blue_Ivy_Carter) , Saint Jhn (/wiki/Saint_Jhn) , Beyoncé , and Wizkid (/wiki/Wizkid) (2019) Contemporary (2020–present) Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) featuring Beyoncé (2020) Tobe Nwigwe (/wiki/Tobe_Nwigwe) featuring Fat Nwigwe (2021) Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) featuring Wizkid (/wiki/Wizkid) (2022) Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) featuring Davido (/wiki/Davido) and Lojay (/wiki/Lojay) (2023) Traditional (2020–present) Chloe x Halle (/wiki/Chloe_x_Halle) (2020) Silk Sonic (/wiki/Silk_Sonic) (2021) Silk Sonic (/wiki/Silk_Sonic) (2022) Ciara (/wiki/Ciara) and Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) (2023) show v t e NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Female Artist (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Female_Artist) 1970s Dionne Warwick (/wiki/Dionne_Warwick) (1979) 1980s Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) (1982) Anita Baker (/wiki/Anita_Baker) (1985) Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) (1986) Natalie Cole (/wiki/Natalie_Cole) (1987) Stephanie Mills (/wiki/Stephanie_Mills) (1988) Anita Baker (/wiki/Anita_Baker) (1989) 1990s Natalie Cole (/wiki/Natalie_Cole) (1991) Vanessa Williams (/wiki/Vanessa_Williams) (1992) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1993) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1995) Toni Braxton (/wiki/Toni_Braxton) (1996) Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) (1997) Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) (1998) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1999) 2000s Yolanda Adams (/wiki/Yolanda_Adams) (2000) Aaliyah (/wiki/Aaliyah) (2001) India Arie (/wiki/India_Arie) (2002) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2003) Fantasia (/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino) (2004) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2005) Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2006) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2007) Beyoncé (2008) Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2009) 2010s Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2010) Jill Scott (/wiki/Jill_Scott_(singer)) (2011) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2012) Beyoncé (2013) Beyoncé (2014) Jill Scott (/wiki/Jill_Scott_(singer)) (2015) Beyoncé (2016) Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2017) H.E.R. (/wiki/H.E.R.) (2018) Beyoncé (2019) 2020s Beyoncé (2020) Jazmine Sullivan (/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan) (2021) Beyoncé (2022) H.E.R. (/wiki/H.E.R.) (2023) show v t e NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Music_Video) 1990s " Unforgettable (/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)) " – Natalie Cole (/wiki/Natalie_Cole) (1991) " Black or White (/wiki/Black_or_White) " – Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) (1992) " I'm Every Woman (/wiki/I%27m_Every_Woman#Whitney_Houston_version) " – Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1993) No Award (1994) " Waterfalls (/wiki/Waterfalls_(TLC_song)) " – TLC (/wiki/TLC_(group)) (1995) " I Believe I Can Fly (/wiki/I_Believe_I_Can_Fly) " – R. Kelly (/wiki/R._Kelly) (1996) " Stomp (/wiki/Stomp_(God%27s_Property_song)) " – God's Property (/wiki/God%27s_Property) (1997) " Just the Two of Us (/wiki/Just_the_Two_of_Us_(Will_Smith_song)) " – Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) (1998) " Wild Wild West (/wiki/Wild_Wild_West_(Will_Smith_song)) " – Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) (1999) 2000s " I Wish (/wiki/I_Wish_(R._Kelly_song)) " – R. Kelly (/wiki/R._Kelly) (2000) " You Rock My World (/wiki/You_Rock_My_World) " – Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) (2001) " Little Things (/wiki/Little_Things_(India_Arie_song)) " – India Arie (/wiki/India_Arie) (2002) " Dance with My Father (/wiki/Dance_with_My_Father_(song)) " – Luther Vandross (/wiki/Luther_Vandross) (2003) " If I Ain't Got You (/wiki/If_I_Ain%27t_Got_You) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2004) " Unbreakable (/wiki/Unbreakable_(Alicia_Keys_song)) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2005) " Be Without You (/wiki/Be_Without_You) " – Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2006) " Like You'll Never See Me Again (/wiki/Like_You%27ll_Never_See_Me_Again) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2007) " Yes We Can (/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)) " – will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) (2008) " I Look to You (/wiki/I_Look_to_You_(song)) " – Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (2009) 2010s " Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready) (/wiki/Un-Thinkable_(I%27m_Ready)) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2010) " Where You At? (/wiki/Where_You_At_(Jennifer_Hudson_song)) " – Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) (2011) " Girl on Fire (/wiki/Girl_on_Fire_(song)) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2012) " Q.U.E.E.N. (/wiki/Q.U.E.E.N.) " – Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) featuring Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) (2013) " You & I (Nobody in the World) (/wiki/You_%26_I_(Nobody_in_the_World)) " – John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) (2014) " Shame (/wiki/Shame_(Tyrese_song)) " – Tyrese Gibson (/wiki/Tyrese_Gibson) (2015) " Formation (/wiki/Formation_(song)) " – Beyoncé (2016) " That's What I Like (/wiki/That%27s_What_I_Like_(Bruno_Mars_song)) " – Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) (2017) " This Is America (/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)) " – Childish Gambino (/wiki/Donald_Glover) (2018) " Juice (/wiki/Juice_(Lizzo_song)) " – Lizzo (/wiki/Lizzo) (2019) 2020s " Brown Skin Girl (/wiki/Brown_Skin_Girl) " – Beyoncé , Saint Jhn (/wiki/Saint_Jhn) , and Wizkid (/wiki/Wizkid) featuring Blue Ivy Carter (/wiki/Blue_Ivy_Carter) (2020) " Essence (/wiki/Essence_(Wizkid_song)) " – Wizkid (/wiki/Wizkid) featuring Tems (/wiki/Tems) (2021) " Lift Me Up (/wiki/Lift_Me_Up_(Rihanna_song)) " – Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) (2022) " Sensational (/wiki/Sensational_(song)) " – Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) featuring Davido (/wiki/Davido) & Lojay (/wiki/Lojay) (2023) show v t e NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Song (/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Song) Song (1971–2015) " Theme from (/wiki/Theme_from_Shaft) Shaft " – Isaac Hayes (/wiki/Isaac_Hayes) (1971) No Award (1972–1994) " Exhale (Shoop Shoop) (/wiki/Exhale_(Shoop_Shoop)) " – Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) (1995) " I Believe I Can Fly (/wiki/I_Believe_I_Can_Fly) " – R. Kelly (/wiki/R._Kelly) (1996) " A Song for Mama (/wiki/A_Song_for_Mama) " – Boyz II Men (/wiki/Boyz_II_Men) (1997) " Lean on Me (/wiki/Lean_on_Me_(Kirk_Franklin_song)) " – Kirk Franklin (/wiki/Kirk_Franklin) (1998) " Spend My Life with You (/wiki/Spend_My_Life_with_You) " – Eric Benét (/wiki/Eric_Ben%C3%A9t) featuring Tamia (/wiki/Tamia) (1999) " Open My Heart (/wiki/Open_My_Heart) " – Yolanda Adams (/wiki/Yolanda_Adams) (2000) " A Woman's Worth (/wiki/A_Woman%27s_Worth) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2001) "Brighter Day" – Kirk Franklin (/wiki/Kirk_Franklin) (2002) " Dance with My Father (/wiki/Dance_with_My_Father_(song)) " – Luther Vandross (/wiki/Luther_Vandross) (2003) " If I Ain't Got You (/wiki/If_I_Ain%27t_Got_You) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2004) " Unbreakable (/wiki/Unbreakable_(Alicia_Keys_song)) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2005) " I Am Not My Hair (/wiki/I_Am_Not_My_Hair) " – India Arie (/wiki/India_Arie) (2006) " Like You'll Never See Me Again (/wiki/Like_You%27ll_Never_See_Me_Again) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2007) " Yes We Can (/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)) " – will.i.am (/wiki/Will.i.am) (2008) " God in Me (/wiki/God_in_Me) " – Mary Mary (/wiki/Mary_Mary) (2009) " Bittersweet (/wiki/Bittersweet_(Fantasia_song)) " – Fantasia (/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino) (2010) " I Smile (/wiki/I_Smile) " – Kirk Franklin (/wiki/Kirk_Franklin) (2011) " I Look to You (/wiki/I_Look_to_You_(song)) " – Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) and R. Kelly (/wiki/R._Kelly) (2012) " All of Me (/wiki/All_of_Me_(John_Legend_song)) " – John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) (2013) " We Are Here (/wiki/We_Are_Here_(Alicia_Keys_song)) " – Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2014) "Back Together" – Jill Scott (/wiki/Jill_Scott_(singer)) (2015) Contemporary (2016–2019) " Freedom (/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " – Beyoncé featuring Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2016) " HUMBLE. (/wiki/Humble_(song)) " – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2017) " Boo'd Up (/wiki/Boo%27d_Up) " – Ella Mai (/wiki/Ella_Mai) (2018) " Before I Let Go (/wiki/Before_I_Let_Go) " – Beyoncé (2019) Traditional (2016–2019) "I See Victory" – Kim Burrell (/wiki/Kim_Burrell) and Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) (2016) " That's What I Like (/wiki/That%27s_What_I_Like_(Bruno_Mars_song)) " – Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) (2017) " Long as I Live (/wiki/Long_as_I_Live_(Toni_Braxton_song)) " – Toni Braxton (/wiki/Toni_Braxton) (2018) " Spirit (/wiki/Spirit_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " – Beyoncé (2019) Soul/R&B (2020–present) " Do It (/wiki/Do_It_(Chloe_x_Halle_song)) " – Chloe x Halle (/wiki/Chloe_x_Halle) (2020) " Pick Up Your Feelings (/wiki/Pick_Up_Your_Feelings) " – Jazmine Sullivan (/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan) (2021) " Cuff It (/wiki/Cuff_It) " – Beyoncé (2022) " ICU (Remix) (/wiki/ICU_(song)) " – Coco Jones (/wiki/Coco_Jones) featuring Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) (2023) Hip Hop/Rap (2020–present) " Savage (Remix) (/wiki/Savage_(Megan_Thee_Stallion_song)) " – Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) featuring Beyoncé (2020) "Fye Fye" – Tobe Nwigwe (/wiki/Tobe_Nwigwe) featuring Fat Nwigwe (2021) " Hotel Lobby (/wiki/Hotel_Lobby_(Unc_%26_Phew)) " – Quavo (/wiki/Quavo) and Takeoff (/wiki/Takeoff_(rapper)) (2022) " Cobra (/wiki/Cobra_(Megan_Thee_Stallion_song)) " – Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) (2023) International (2020–present) "Lockdown" – Original Koffee (2020) " Essence (/wiki/Essence_(Wizkid_song)) " – Wizkid (/wiki/Wizkid) featuring Tems (/wiki/Tems) and Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) (2021) " No Woman, No Cry (/wiki/No_Woman,_No_Cry) " – Tems (/wiki/Tems) (2022) " Me & U (/wiki/Me_%26_U_(Tems_song)) " – Tems (/wiki/Tems) (2023) show v t e 2000–2009 Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) 2000 Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) p Kylie Bax (/wiki/Kylie_Bax) Michelle Behennah (/wiki/Michelle_Behennah) Laetitia Casta (/wiki/Laetitia_Casta) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Luján Fernández (/wiki/Luj%C3%A1n_Fern%C3%A1ndez) Kristy Hinze (/wiki/Kristy_Hinze) Malia Jones (/wiki/Malia_Jones) p Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Melania Knauss (/wiki/Melania_Trump) p Shakara Ledard (/wiki/Shakara_Ledard) Ana Paula Lemes (/w/index.php?title=Ana_Paula_Lemes&action=edit&redlink=1) p Noémie Lenoir (/wiki/No%C3%A9mie_Lenoir) Josie Maran (/wiki/Josie_Maran) p Carré Otis (/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_Otis) Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Audrey Quock (/wiki/Audrey_Quock) p Gabrielle Reece (/wiki/Gabrielle_Reece) p Rachel Roberts (/wiki/Rachel_Roberts_(model)) Molly Sims (/wiki/Molly_Sims) p Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) Estella Warren (/wiki/Estella_Warren) 2001 Michelle Behennah (/wiki/Michelle_Behennah) Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) Aurélie Claudel (/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie_Claudel) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) * Luján Fernández (/wiki/Luj%C3%A1n_Fern%C3%A1ndez) Janelle Fishman (/w/index.php?title=Janelle_Fishman&action=edit&redlink=1) p Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) * Shakara Ledard (/wiki/Shakara_Ledard) * Kim Lemanton (/w/index.php?title=Kim_Lemanton&action=edit&redlink=1) p Noémie Lenoir (/wiki/No%C3%A9mie_Lenoir) * Shirley Mallmann (/wiki/Shirley_Mallmann) Josie Maran (/wiki/Josie_Maran) Petra Němcová (/wiki/Petra_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1) p Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Audrey Quock (/wiki/Audrey_Quock) p Molly Sims (/wiki/Molly_Sims) * Fernanda Tavares (/wiki/Fernanda_Tavares) * Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) * Amy Wesson (/wiki/Amy_Wesson) 2002 Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) Ehrinn Cummings (/w/index.php?title=Ehrinn_Cummings&action=edit&redlink=1) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Melissa Keller (/wiki/Melissa_Keller) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Shakara Ledard (/wiki/Shakara_Ledard) Vanessa Lorenzo (/wiki/Vanessa_Lorenzo) Josie Maran (/wiki/Josie_Maran) Carla Maria (/w/index.php?title=Carla_Maria&action=edit&redlink=1) p Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) p Annie Morton (/wiki/Annie_Morton) p Petra Němcová (/wiki/Petra_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1) Chandra North (/wiki/Chandra_North) Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) p Audrey Quock (/wiki/Audrey_Quock) Molly Sims (/wiki/Molly_Sims) Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) 2003 Michelle Alves (/wiki/Michelle_Alves) p May Andersen (/wiki/May_Andersen) Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Reka Ebergenyi (/w/index.php?title=Reka_Ebergenyi&action=edit&redlink=1) p Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) * Melissa Keller (/wiki/Melissa_Keller) Noémie Lenoir (/wiki/No%C3%A9mie_Lenoir) Juliana Martins (/wiki/Juliana_Martins) Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) Petra Němcová (/wiki/Petra_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1) Sarah O'Hare (/wiki/Sarah_Murdoch) Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Audrey Quock (/wiki/Audrey_Quock) Molly Sims (/wiki/Molly_Sims) Fernanda Tavares (/wiki/Fernanda_Tavares) p Jessica White (/wiki/Jessica_White) 2004 May Andersen (/wiki/May_Andersen) Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) * Melissa Keller (/wiki/Melissa_Keller) * Noémie Lenoir (/wiki/No%C3%A9mie_Lenoir) * Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) * Fernanda Motta (/wiki/Fernanda_Motta) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Petra Němcová (/wiki/Petra_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1) * Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Frankie Rayder (/wiki/Frankie_Rayder) Molly Sims (/wiki/Molly_Sims) Jessica Van Der Steen (/wiki/Jessica_Van_Der_Steen) Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) Jessica White (/wiki/Jessica_White) * 2005 Michelle Alves (/wiki/Michelle_Alves) Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Alicia Hall (/wiki/Alicia_Hall) Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) * Shakara Ledard (/wiki/Shakara_Ledard) Noémie Lenoir (/wiki/No%C3%A9mie_Lenoir) Michelle Lombardo (/wiki/Michelle_Lombardo) Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) * Fernanda Motta (/wiki/Fernanda_Motta) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Petra Němcová (/wiki/Petra_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) Frankie Rayder (/wiki/Frankie_Rayder) Daniella Sarahyba (/wiki/Daniella_Sarahyba) * Mallory Snyder (/wiki/Mallory_Snyder) Jessica Van Der Steen (/wiki/Jessica_Van_Der_Steen) Anne V (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) * Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) Jessica White (/wiki/Jessica_White) * 2006 Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) Elsa Benitez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) Carla Campbell (/wiki/Carla_Campbell) Brooklyn Decker (/wiki/Brooklyn_Decker) Yamila Diaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) * Noémie Lenoir (/wiki/No%C3%A9mie_Lenoir) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) Fernanda Motta (/wiki/Fernanda_Motta) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Aline Nakashima (/w/index.php?title=Aline_Nakashima&action=edit&redlink=1) Petra Němcová (/wiki/Petra_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Rebecca Romijn (/wiki/Rebecca_Romijn) Pania Rose (/wiki/Pania_Rose) Daniella Sarahyba (/wiki/Daniella_Sarahyba) Molly Sims (/wiki/Molly_Sims) Mallory Snyder (/wiki/Mallory_Snyder) Yésica Toscanini (/wiki/Y%C3%A9sica_Toscanini) Veronica Varekova (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) Anne V (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) 2007 Ana Paula Araújo (/wiki/Ana_Paula_Ara%C3%BAjo_(model)) * Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) Brooklyn Decker (/wiki/Brooklyn_Decker) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) Julie Henderson (/wiki/Julie_Henderson) Beyoncé Knowles Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) * Fernanda Motta (/wiki/Fernanda_Motta) Aline Nakashima (/w/index.php?title=Aline_Nakashima&action=edit&redlink=1) Raica Oliveira (/wiki/Raica_Oliveira) Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) Tori Praver (/wiki/Tori_Praver) * Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) Daniella Sarahyba (/wiki/Daniella_Sarahyba) * Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) Fernanda Tavares (/wiki/Fernanda_Tavares) Yésica Toscanini (/wiki/Y%C3%A9sica_Toscanini) Anne V (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) Jessica White (/wiki/Jessica_White) 2008 Ana Beatriz Barros (/wiki/Ana_Beatriz_Barros) Yasmin Brunet (/wiki/Yasmin_Brunet) Jeísa Chiminazzo (/w/index.php?title=Je%C3%ADsa_Chiminazzo&action=edit&redlink=1) Brooklyn Decker (/wiki/Brooklyn_Decker) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) Jessica Gomes (/wiki/Jessica_Gomes) * Quiana Grant (/wiki/Quiana_Grant) * Melissa Haro (/wiki/Melissa_Haro) Julie Henderson (/wiki/Julie_Henderson) Jarah Mariano (/wiki/Jarah_Mariano) Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) * Oluchi Onweagba (/wiki/Oluchi_Onweagba) Tori Praver (/wiki/Tori_Praver) * Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) Daniella Sarahyba (/wiki/Daniella_Sarahyba) Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) Anne V (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) Jessica White (/wiki/Jessica_White) 2009 Kim Cloutier (/wiki/Kim_Cloutier) Brooklyn Decker (/wiki/Brooklyn_Decker) * Cintia Dicker (/wiki/Cintia_Dicker) Lucia Dvorská (/wiki/Lucia_Dvorsk%C3%A1) Esti Ginzburg (/wiki/Esti_Ginzburg) Jessica Gomes (/wiki/Jessica_Gomes) Melissa Haro (/wiki/Melissa_Haro) Jessica Hart (/wiki/Jessica_Hart_(model)) Julie Henderson (/wiki/Julie_Henderson) * Damaris Lewis (/wiki/Damaris_Lewis) Jarah Mariano (/wiki/Jarah_Mariano) Ariel Meredith (/wiki/Ariel_Meredith) Tori Praver (/wiki/Tori_Praver) Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) Hilary Rhoda (/wiki/Hilary_Rhoda) Daniella Sarahyba (/wiki/Daniella_Sarahyba) Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) * Anne V (/wiki/Anne_Vyalitsyna) Jessica White (/wiki/Jessica_White) * 40th Anniversary (2004) Hall of Fame Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Paulina Porizkova (/wiki/Paulina_Porizkova) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Valeria Mazza (/wiki/Valeria_Mazza) Stacey Williams (/wiki/Stacey_Williams) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Cheryl Tiegs (/wiki/Cheryl_Tiegs) Roshumba Williams (/wiki/Roshumba_Williams) Christie Brinkley (/wiki/Christie_Brinkley) Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) All-Star Reunion Cover (2006) Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Rebecca Romijn (/wiki/Rebecca_Romijn) Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) (Celebrity special: Maria Sharapova (/wiki/Maria_Sharapova) ) underline indicates cover model, *appeared in bodypainting (/wiki/Bodypainting) by Joanne Gair (/wiki/Joanne_Gair) , p appeared in print edition only show v t e Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) cover models (/wiki/List_of_Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue_cover_models) 1960s Babette March (/wiki/Babette_March) Sue Peterson (/w/index.php?title=Sue_Peterson_(model)&action=edit&redlink=1) Sunny Bippus (/wiki/Sunny_Bippus) Marilyn Tindall (/wiki/Marilyn_Tindall) Turia Mau (/wiki/Turia_Mau) Jamee Becker (/wiki/Jamee_Becker) 1970s Cheryl Tiegs (/wiki/Cheryl_Tiegs) Tannia Rubiano (/wiki/Tannia_Rubiano) Shelia Roscoe (/w/index.php?title=Shelia_Roscoe&action=edit&redlink=1) Dayle Haddon (/wiki/Dayle_Haddon) Ann Simonton (/wiki/Ann_Simonton) Cheryl Tiegs (/wiki/Cheryl_Tiegs) Yvette and Yvonne Sylvander (/wiki/Yvette_and_Yvonne_Sylvander) Lena Kansbod (/wiki/Lena_Kansbod) Maria João (/wiki/Maria_Jo%C3%A3o_(model)) Christie Brinkley (/wiki/Christie_Brinkley) 1980s Christie Brinkley (/wiki/Christie_Brinkley) Christie Brinkley (/wiki/Christie_Brinkley) Carol Alt (/wiki/Carol_Alt) Cheryl Tiegs (/wiki/Cheryl_Tiegs) Paulina Porizkova (/wiki/Paulina_Porizkova) Paulina Porizkova (/wiki/Paulina_Porizkova) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) 1990s Judit Mascó (/wiki/Judit_Masc%C3%B3) Ashley Richardson (/wiki/Ashley_Richardson) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) , Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) , Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Valeria Mazza (/wiki/Valeria_Mazza) , Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Rebecca Romijn (/wiki/Rebecca_Romijn) 2000s Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Petra Němcová (/wiki/Petra_N%C4%9Bmcov%C3%A1) Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Veronika Vařeková (/wiki/Veronika_Va%C5%99ekov%C3%A1) , Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) , Rebecca Romijn (/wiki/Rebecca_Romijn) , Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) , Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) , Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) , Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) , Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) Beyoncé Knowles Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) Bar Refaeli (/wiki/Bar_Refaeli) 2010s Brooklyn Decker (/wiki/Brooklyn_Decker) Irina Shayk (/wiki/Irina_Shayk) Kate Upton (/wiki/Kate_Upton) Kate Upton (/wiki/Kate_Upton) Nina Agdal (/wiki/Nina_Agdal) , Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) , Chrissy Teigen (/wiki/Chrissy_Teigen) Hannah Jeter (/wiki/Hannah_Jeter) Ronda Rousey (/wiki/Ronda_Rousey) , Ashley Graham (/wiki/Ashley_Graham) , Hailey Clauson (/wiki/Hailey_Clauson) Kate Upton (/wiki/Kate_Upton) Danielle Herrington (/wiki/Danielle_Herrington) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , Camille Kostek (/wiki/Camille_Kostek) , Alex Morgan (/wiki/Alex_Morgan) 2020s Kate Bock (/wiki/Kate_Bock) , Jasmine Sanders (/wiki/Jasmine_Sanders) , Olivia Culpo (/wiki/Olivia_Culpo) Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) , Naomi Osaka (/wiki/Naomi_Osaka) , Leyna Bloom (/wiki/Leyna_Bloom) Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , Ciara (/wiki/Ciara) , Maye Musk (/wiki/Maye_Musk) , Yumi Nu (/wiki/Yumi_Nu) Kim Petras (/wiki/Kim_Petras) , Martha Stewart (/wiki/Martha_Stewart) , Megan Fox (/wiki/Megan_Fox) , Brooks Nader (/wiki/Brooks_Nader) show v t e Billboard Year-End (/wiki/Billboard_Year-End) number one singles (2000–2019) 2000: " Breathe (/wiki/Breathe_(Faith_Hill_song)) " – Faith Hill (/wiki/Faith_Hill) 2001: " Hanging by a Moment (/wiki/Hanging_by_a_Moment) " – Lifehouse (/wiki/Lifehouse_(band)) 2002: " How You Remind Me (/wiki/How_You_Remind_Me) " – Nickelback (/wiki/Nickelback) 2003: " In da Club (/wiki/In_da_Club) " – 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) 2004: " Yeah! (/wiki/Yeah!_(Usher_song)) " – Usher (/wiki/Usher_(musician)) featuring Lil Jon (/wiki/Lil_Jon) and Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) 2005: " We Belong Together (/wiki/We_Belong_Together) " – Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) 2006: " Bad Day (/wiki/Bad_Day_(Daniel_Powter_song)) " – Daniel Powter (/wiki/Daniel_Powter) 2007: " Irreplaceable (/wiki/Irreplaceable) " – Beyoncé 2008: " Low (/wiki/Low_(Flo_Rida_song)) " – Flo Rida (/wiki/Flo_Rida) featuring T-Pain (/wiki/T-Pain) 2009: " Boom Boom Pow (/wiki/Boom_Boom_Pow) " – The Black Eyed Peas (/wiki/The_Black_Eyed_Peas) 2010: " Tik Tok (/wiki/Tik_Tok_(song)) " – Kesha (/wiki/Kesha) 2011: " Rolling in the Deep (/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep) " – Adele (/wiki/Adele) 2012: " Somebody That I Used to Know (/wiki/Somebody_That_I_Used_to_Know) " – Gotye (/wiki/Gotye) featuring Kimbra (/wiki/Kimbra) 2013: " Thrift Shop (/wiki/Thrift_Shop) " – Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (/wiki/Macklemore_%26_Ryan_Lewis) featuring Wanz (/wiki/Wanz) 2014: " Happy (/wiki/Happy_(Pharrell_Williams_song)) " – Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) 2015: " Uptown Funk (/wiki/Uptown_Funk) " – Mark Ronson (/wiki/Mark_Ronson) featuring Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) 2016: " Love Yourself (/wiki/Love_Yourself) " – Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) 2017: " Shape of You (/wiki/Shape_of_You) " – Ed Sheeran (/wiki/Ed_Sheeran) 2018: " God's Plan (/wiki/God%27s_Plan_(song)) " – Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) 2019: " Old Town Road (/wiki/Old_Town_Road) " – Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) featuring Billy Ray Cyrus (/wiki/Billy_Ray_Cyrus) Complete list (/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles) ( 1946–1959 (/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1946%E2%80%931959) ) ( 1960–1979 (/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1960%E2%80%931979) ) ( 1980–1999 (/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_1980%E2%80%931999) ) ( 2000–2019 (/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_2000%E2%80%932019) ) ( 2020–present (/wiki/Template:Billboard_Year-End_number_one_singles_2020%E2%80%93present) ) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Pop music (/wiki/Portal:Pop_music) United States (/wiki/Portal:United_States) show Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1727329/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000114914936) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/48766193) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcc8dq6Mcj99qmgvyqfbd) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4069104) Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1241803) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14055288r) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14055288r) Catalonia (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058609590806706) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/129053813) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007418487205171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00017294) Sweden (https://libris.kb.se/53hlr6tp4hn0rf0) Latvia (https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000345169&P_CON_LNG=ENG) Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01215151) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0013147&CON_LNG=ENG) Australia (https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an41838621) Korea (https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020L6755) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p264082974) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810636330205606) Portugal (http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1642253) Academics CiNii (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA16542625?l=en) Artists Emmy Awards (https://www.emmys.com/bios/beyoncé-knowles-carter) Grammy Awards (https://www.grammy.com/artists/beyonce-knowles/12474) MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/859d0860-d480-4efd-970c-c05d5f1776b8) People Deutsche Synchronkartei (https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/DkG-yFOBb) Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd129053813.html?language=en) Trove (https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1456345) Other NARA (https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10593072) IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/078777828) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6b76898595‐f5ztf Cached time: 20240721001419 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 5.708 seconds Real time usage: 6.363 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 37607/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1771140/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 36046/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 62/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2836873/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 3.538/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14838320/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 640 ms 17.2% ? 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beyoncé&oldid=1235562346#Endorsements_and_partnerships (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beyoncé&oldid=1235562346#Endorsements_and_partnerships) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Beyoncé (/wiki/Category:Beyonc%C3%A9) 1981 births (/wiki/Category:1981_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 20th-century African-American businesspeople (/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_businesspeople) 20th-century African-American women singers (/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_women_singers) 20th-century American businesswomen (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_businesswomen) 20th-century American singers (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_singers) 21st-century African-American actresses (/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_actresses) 21st-century African-American businesspeople (/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_businesspeople) 21st-century African-American women singers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_women_singers) 21st-century American actresses (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_actresses) 21st-century American businesswomen (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_businesswomen) Actresses from Houston (/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Houston) African-American choreographers (/wiki/Category:African-American_choreographers) African-American dancers (/wiki/Category:African-American_dancers) African-American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:African-American_fashion_designers) African-American female dancers (/wiki/Category:African-American_female_dancers) African-American feminists (/wiki/Category:African-American_feminists) African-American Methodists (/wiki/Category:African-American_Methodists) African-American record producers (/wiki/Category:African-American_record_producers) African-American women in business 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Italian fashion designer (born 1971) Marco Zanini Born 1971 (age 52–53) Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) [1] (#cite_note-voguepedia-1) Nationality Italian Education Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti (/wiki/Nuova_Accademia_di_Belle_Arti) Occupation Fashion designer Label Schiaparelli Marco Zanini (born 1971 [1] (#cite_note-voguepedia-1) ) is an Italian (/wiki/Italian_people) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . He is most noted for serving as creative director of the House of Schiaparelli (/wiki/House_of_Schiaparelli) in 2014, overseeing the couture fashion house's first runway show since its closure in 1954. This came after having led the successful revival at Halston (/wiki/Halston) and Rochas (/wiki/Rochas) . Career [ edit ] After graduating from Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti (/wiki/Nuova_Accademia_di_Belle_Arti) in 2005, Zanini went on to work as Lawrence Steele's first assistant. [1] (#cite_note-voguepedia-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Voguepedia: Marco Zanini" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140109002531/http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Marco_Zanini) . wmagazine.com . Conde Nast. 24 December 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Marco_Zanini) on 9 January 2014 . Retrieved 24 December 2013 . This article about an American businessperson born in the 1970s is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marco_Zanini&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐6ffd65f7b4‐t8nxh Cached time: 20240712211921 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.314 seconds Real time usage: 0.492 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1646/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9008/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1116/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10717/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.214/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4424186/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 474.556 1 -total 30.03% 142.504 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 28.58% 135.624 1 Template:Short_description 22.57% 107.111 1 Template:Reflist 21.63% 102.651 2 Template:Pagetype 19.89% 94.403 1 Template:Cite_web 14.91% 70.755 1 Template:US-business-bio-1970s-stub 14.19% 67.334 1 Template:Asbox 8.59% 40.784 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.03% 38.127 17 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41452508-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712211921 and revision id 1145335511. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marco_Zanini&oldid=1145335511 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marco_Zanini&oldid=1145335511) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers from Milan (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_Milan) Italian expatriates in France (/wiki/Category:Italian_expatriates_in_France) 1971 births (/wiki/Category:1971_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 21st-century American businesspeople (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_businesspeople) American business biography, 1970s birth stubs (/wiki/Category:American_business_biography,_1970s_birth_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Man's Western shirt showing a shoulder yoke with applied decoration. A yoke is a shaped pattern piece (/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)) that forms part of a garment, usually fitting around the neck and shoulders or around the hips to provide support for looser parts of the garment, such as a gathered skirt (/wiki/Skirt) or the body of a shirt (/wiki/Shirt) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Yoke fabrication was first widely done in the 19th century. [2] (#cite_note-dict-2) Bodice yokes were first made in the 1880s, while the yoke skirt, a skirt suspended from a fitted hip yoke, was first produced in 1898. [2] (#cite_note-dict-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Yoke - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary" (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/yoke) . Merriam-Webster.com . Retrieved 8 June 2012 . ^ a b Cumming, Valerie; C.W. Cunnington; P.E. Cunnington (2010). The Dictionary of Fashion History (revised ed.). Berg. p. 227. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1847885330 . v t e Clothing materials and parts Garment structures Armscye (/wiki/Armscye) Collar (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Collar stays (/wiki/Collar_stays) Detachable collar (/wiki/Detachable_collar) Cuff (/wiki/Cuff) Dart (/wiki/Dart_(sewing)) Facing (/wiki/Facing_(sewing)) Fly (/wiki/Fly_(clothing)) Lapel (/wiki/Lapel) Gore (/wiki/Gore_(segment)) Hem (/wiki/Hem) Lining (/wiki/Lining_(sewing)) Placket (/wiki/Placket) Pleat (/wiki/Pleat) Pocket (/wiki/Pocket) Revers (/wiki/Revers) Ruffle (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) Shoulder pad (/wiki/Shoulder_pads_(fashion)) Strap (/wiki/Shoulder_strap) Sleeve (/wiki/Sleeve) Train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Waistband (/wiki/Waistband) Yoke Textiles (/wiki/Textile) Natural Cotton (/wiki/Cotton) Fur (/wiki/Fur_clothing) Linen (/wiki/Linen) Silk (/wiki/Silk) Wool (/wiki/Wool) Synthetic Artificial leather (/wiki/Artificial_leather) Elastic (/wiki/Elastomer) Nylon (/wiki/Nylon) Polyester (/wiki/Polyester) Rayon (/wiki/Rayon) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Animal hides (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) / leather (/wiki/Leather) Calf (/wiki/Calfskin) Deer (/wiki/Buckskin_(leather)) Goat (/wiki/Goatskin_(material)) Kangaroo (/wiki/Kangaroo_leather) Ostrich (/wiki/Ostrich_leather) Seal (/wiki/Sealskin) Sheep (/wiki/Sheepskin) Snake (/wiki/Snakeskin) Stingray (/wiki/Shagreen) Fasteners (/wiki/Fastener) Back closure (/wiki/Back_closure) Belt hook (/wiki/Belt_hook) Buckle (/wiki/Buckle) Button (/wiki/Button) Buttonhole (/wiki/Buttonhole) Frog (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Shank (/wiki/Shank_(sewing)) Hook-and-eye (/wiki/Hook-and-eye_closure) Hook-and-loop (/wiki/Hook-and-loop_fastener) Velcro (/wiki/Velcro) Snap (/wiki/Snap_fastener) Zipper (/wiki/Zipper) Seams (/wiki/Seam_(sewing)) Neckline (/wiki/Neckline) Bustline (/wiki/Bustline) Waistline (/wiki/Waistline_(clothing)) Hemline (/wiki/Hemline) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoke_(clothing)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐j97x8 Cached time: 20240712191956 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.227 seconds Real time usage: 0.281 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 281/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18989/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 79/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20445/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.158/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2995782/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 239.571 1 -total 51.25% 122.789 1 Template:Reflist 41.19% 98.675 1 Template:Clothing_materials_and_parts 40.50% 97.037 2 Template:Navbox 38.41% 92.027 1 Template:Cite_web 7.48% 17.922 1 Template:Clothing-stub 6.57% 15.730 1 Template:Asbox 3.95% 9.471 1 Template:Cite_book 0.77% 1.838 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36083794-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712191956 and revision id 1165112984. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoke_(clothing)&oldid=1165112984 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoke_(clothing)&oldid=1165112984) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Parts of clothing (/wiki/Category:Parts_of_clothing) Tops (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Tops_(clothing)) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden category: All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Wedding dress of Princess Charlotte of Wales" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wedding+dress+of+Princess+Charlotte+of+Wales%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wedding+dress+of+Princess+Charlotte+of+Wales%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wedding+dress+of+Princess+Charlotte+of+Wales%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wedding+dress+of+Princess+Charlotte+of+Wales%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wedding+dress+of+Princess+Charlotte+of+Wales%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wedding+dress+of+Princess+Charlotte+of+Wales%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Wedding dress of Princess Charlotte of Wales Designer Mrs. Triaud Year 1816 ( 1816 ) Type White slip dress (/wiki/Slip_dress) Material White silk (/wiki/Silk) satin (/wiki/Satin) with silver lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) and Brussels lace (/wiki/Brussels_lace) The wedding dress of Princess Charlotte of Wales (/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(1796%E2%80%931817)) was worn at her wedding to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium) on 2 May 1816 at Carlton House (/wiki/Carlton_House) in London. Charlotte was the only child of George, Prince of Wales (/wiki/George_IV) and Caroline of Brunswick (/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick) ; Leopold was the youngest son of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld) and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf (/wiki/Countess_Augusta_Reuss_of_Ebersdorf) . Princess Charlotte's wedding dress was a white and silver slip (/wiki/Slip_dress) , covered with transparent silk net embroidered in silver lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) with shells and flowers. The sleeves were trimmed with Brussels lace (/wiki/Brussels_lace) , and the six-foot train was made with the same material as the slip and was fastened like a cloak with a diamond clasp. [ citation needed ] The dress reportedly cost £ (/wiki/Pound_sterling) 10,000 (equivalent to approximately £575,000 in 2017) to make, and was designed by the London dressmaker "Mrs. Triaud". The dress has been preserved, and now forms part of the collection owned by Historic Royal Palaces (/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces) . [1] (#cite_note-rct-1) It is the oldest such garment in the collection, and is now very fragile, owing to its age. Princess Charlotte paired the dress with earrings, pearls, and an armlet, a wedding gift from Prince Leopold. [2] (#cite_note-central-2) [ better source needed ] See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-rct_1-0) "Princess Charlotte of Wales' wedding dress" (https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/trails/royal-weddings/princess-charlottes-wedding-dress) . Royal Collection Trust . Retrieved 23 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-central_2-0) "Princess Charlotte: a historic royal wedding dress" (https://royalcentral.co.uk/interests/history/princess-charlotte-a-historic-royal-wedding-dress-98376/) . Royal Central . 17 August 2019 . Retrieved 23 July 2020 . v t e Wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) worn at British (/wiki/British_royal_family) royal weddings (/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings) 19th century Princess Charlotte of Wales (1816) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria) (1840) Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Victoria,_Princess_Royal) (1858) Princess Alice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1862) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Denmark) (1863) Princess Helena (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1866) Princess Louise (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1871) Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_Margaret_of_Prussia) (1879) Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helen_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont) (1882) Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1885) Princess Louise of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_Wales) (1889) Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) (1891) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Victoria_Mary_of_Teck) (1893) Princess Maud of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Maud_of_Wales) (1896) 20th century Princess Alice of Albany (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_Albany) (1904) Princess Margaret of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) (1905) Princess Alexandra (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife#Marriage) (1913) Princess Patricia of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) (1919) Princess Mary (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Mary_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1922) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) Princess Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk#Marriage) (1923) Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) (1934) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Alice_Montagu_Douglas_Scott) (1935) Wallis Warfield (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Wallis_Warfield) (1937) Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1947) Princess Margaret (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1960) Katharine Worsley (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Katharine_Worsley) (1961) Princess Alexandra of Kent (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Kent) (1963) Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Birgitte_van_Deurs_Henriksen) (1972) Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1973) Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Baroness_Marie_Christine_von_Reibnitz) (1978) Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) (1981) Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sarah_Ferguson) (1986) Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1992) Sophie Rhys-Jones (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sophie_Rhys-Jones) (1999) 21st century Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) (2005) Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) (2011) Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Meghan_Markle) (2018) Princess Eugenie of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Eugenie_of_York) (2018) Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York) (2020) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐dh6gx Cached time: 20240713223617 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.282 seconds Real time usage: 0.396 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1052/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 38881/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2243/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19589/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.195/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4419818/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 360.631 1 -total 23.08% 83.224 1 Template:Reflist 22.07% 79.595 1 Template:British_Royal_wedding_dresses 20.16% 72.717 2 Template:Cite_web 20.15% 72.665 1 Template:Navbox 16.89% 60.927 1 Template:Short_description 15.81% 57.001 1 Template:More_citations_needed 15.12% 54.544 1 Template:Ambox 10.06% 36.279 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 9.81% 35.388 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64624059-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713223617 and revision id 1227600273. 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< User:Jamierhodes (/wiki/User:Jamierhodes) A sarashi is a long, thick cotton cloth [1] (#cite_note-1) that is tightly wrapped and worn under a kimono (/wiki/Kimono) for the purpose of altering the figure of women to appear thinner. It is sometimes worn after the birth of a child. [2] (#cite_note-2) It was also used as a protective garment by men. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Nelson, Ronald. "The International Shakuhachi Society" (https://www.komuso.com/pieces/pieces.pl?piece=2121) . www.komuso.com . Retrieved 2017-11-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Crowning Moments Doula" (http://www.crowningmomentsdoula.com/History-of-Belly-Binding.php) . www.crowningmomentsdoula.com . Retrieved 2017-11-10 . show v t e Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) List of items traditionally worn in Japan (/wiki/List_of_items_traditionally_worn_in_Japan) Traditional Chihaya (/wiki/Chihaya_(clothing)) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Furisode (/wiki/Furisode) Hanten (/wiki/Hanten) Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) Haori (/wiki/Haori) Happi (/wiki/Happi) Jinbei (/wiki/Jinbei) Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) Jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) Keikogi (/wiki/Keikogi) Kosode (/wiki/Kosode) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Kyahan (/wiki/Kyahan) Mawashi (/wiki/Mawashi) Mino (/wiki/Mino_(straw_cape)) Nemaki (/wiki/Nemaki) Samue (/wiki/Samue) Shitagi (/wiki/Shitagi) Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) Uwagi (/wiki/Uwagi) Yukata (/wiki/Yukata) Headgear Benkan (/wiki/Benkan) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kanmuri (/wiki/Kanmuri_(headwear)) Kanzashi (/wiki/Kanzashi) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Raikan (/wiki/Raikan) Shaguma (/wiki/Shaguma) Tenugui (/wiki/Tenugui) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Tsunokakushi (/wiki/Tsunokakushi) Belt / sash Obi 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British fashion house Ralph & Russo Company type Privately held (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2006 (18 years ago) ( 2006 ) at London, United Kingdom Founder Tamara Ralph & Michael Russo Headquarters London, United Kingdom, London (/wiki/London) Key people Tamara Ralph (/wiki/Tamara_Ralph) , Creative Director Michael Russo, CEO Products Haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Number of employees 450 (2017) Website www.ralphandrusso.com (http://www.ralphandrusso.com) Ralph & Russo is a European, privately held company owned and founded by Tamara Ralph (/wiki/Tamara_Ralph) and Michael Russo. Ralph & Russo is a high fashion house that specializes in haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) and ready-to-wear clothes, luxury goods, and fashion accessories. The company was put into administration in March 2020 and its founders are being investigated for the misappropriation of funds and raiding on employee super accounts. History [ edit ] The firm was founded in 2006 by duo Tamara Ralph (/wiki/Tamara_Ralph) and Michael Russo as a privately held company. [1] (#cite_note-1) The fashion house began in Mayfair (/wiki/Mayfair) , London (/wiki/London) , following in the city's rich history of couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fashion houses. [2] (#cite_note-harpers-2) In 2014, it was announced that Ralph & Russo had become in the first British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) fashion house in over a century to be accredited by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture (/wiki/Chambre_Syndicale_de_la_Haute_Couture) . It took them 8 years before nomination. They are still the only British fashion house to hold the accreditation. [3] (#cite_note-ftwedding-3) Ralph & Russo opened its first store in London (/wiki/London) with a second in Paris (/wiki/Paris) on Rue Francois 1er fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Fran%C3%A7ois-Ier) shortly after. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2015, the brand opened its first boutique in the London (/wiki/London) department store, Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) and has outlined plans to open further stores in America, Europe and Asia. [7] (#cite_note-7) Since then, the brand has expanded beyond Europe, opening two stores in the Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) . The first in Doha (/wiki/Doha) , Qatar (/wiki/Qatar) and the second in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) More recently, Ralph & Russo opened its third European store in Monaco (/wiki/Monaco) . [10] (#cite_note-10) On March 17, 2021 Ralph & Russo was placed into administration while it has been announced that the company will continue to operate throughout this time. In July 2021 it was announced that an investment resulting in a controlling position in the ownership of Ralph & Russo and its exit from administration was made by Retail E-Commerce Ventures a company led by Tai Lopez. [11] (#cite_note-11) On March 2, 2023, Retail Ecommerce Ventures, Ralph & Russo's current parent, announced that it was mulling a possible bankruptcy filing. [12] (#cite_note-12) Ready-to-wear [ edit ] It was announced that from 2018 onwards, Ralph & Russo would be launching its ready-to-wear collection. It premiered the collection in the spring. Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) described the collection as a "new iteration of luxury, made in London but cut for everyone who can afford it." The collection was made up of ready-to-wear gowns and evening dresses. [13] (#cite_note-13) According to an article in Vogue later in 2018, the fall collection focused on "trench dresses and biker jackets with bouclé inserts and a big emphasis on removable arms." The collection included a garment which had previously been worn by Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Notable designs [ edit ] In early 2018, it was announced that Meghan Markle (/wiki/Meghan_Markle) would be wearing a Ralph & Russo gown for her official engagement photo shoot (/wiki/Photo_shoot) . The dress worn by Markle was originally part of a couture show, a black gown (/wiki/Gown) with a beaded bodice. [3] (#cite_note-ftwedding-3) Later in 2018, Angelina Jolie wore Ralph & Russo for a Royal event celebrating the 200th anniversary of the Order of St Michael and St George (/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Indian actress Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai_Bachchan) wore Ralph & Russo at Cannes 2015 (/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival) . Recognition [ edit ] Ralph & Russo became the first British brand to be elected in almost 100 years by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture to show its collection on the official schedule at Paris Haute Couture Week. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Paris Fashion Week [ edit ] Inspired by South American summer, Ralph & Russo's pieces for Paris Fashion Week were vibrant colors of oranges and pinks. The aim of the pieces was to embody various designs for dressy lounging and beach-wear, and to take an elegant attempt on typical summer style. This was the first event to preview R&R's beach and swimwear, in collaboration with La Perla. The event had digital elements such as virtual reality components on the runway, and VR headsets to enhance the viewing experience, designed by PhotonLens. [18] (#cite_note-18) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ralph & Russo" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/ralph-and-russo/1943339.article) , Drapers (/wiki/Drapers_(magazine)) , Retrieved 10 December 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-harpers_2-0) Mair, Avril (12 March 2018). "Fantasy made real: Bazaar meets Tamara Ralph and Michael Russo" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a14479249/ralph-and-russo-interview/) . Harpers Bazaar (/wiki/Harpers_Bazaar) . ^ a b Long, Carola (6 April 2018). "A royal affair: will Ralph & Russo design the wedding dress of the year?" (https://www.ft.com/content/a56b3a1c-3745-11e8-8eee-e06bde01c544) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Ralph & Russo to open Sloane Street Showroom" (http://diarydirectory.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/ralph-russo-to-open-sloane-street.html) , Diary Directory, Retrieved 3 August 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Harrods Unveils Superbrands" (http://www.harrods.com/style-insider/news/ss15/harrods-unveils-superbrands,) , Harrods, Retrieved 5 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Ralph & Russo Accessories and Footwear Collection Launches at Harrods" (http://arabia.style.com/fashion/news/ralph-and-russo-first-couture-accessories-and-footwear-collection-harrods/,) , Style.com Arabia, Retrieved 23 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Michael Russo Lays Out Ralph & Russo’s Big Brand Ambitions" (http://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/michael-russo-lays-out-brands-big-ambitions-10987042/,) , WWD, Retrieved 19 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Asad Ullah, Muhammad (11 January 2019). "Ralph & Russo opens its biggest Boutique in the World" (https://www.gulf-times.com/story/620820/Ralph-Russo-opens-its-biggest-boutique-in-the-worl) . Gulf Times (/wiki/Gulf_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Proctor, Rebecca. "British Couture in Dubai" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/interiors/the-trends/ralph-russo-opens-flagship-boutique-the-dubai-mall) . Harpers Bazaar (/wiki/Harpers_Bazaar) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Halliday, Sandra (26 June 2018). "Ralph & Russo opens Dubai boutique, plans NYC and Monte Carlo stores this year" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Ralph-Russo-opens-Dubai-boutique-plans-NYC-and-Monte-Carlo-stores-this-year,991825.html#.XLYAvC-ZOS4) . Fashion Network. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Chain Store Age:July 2, 2021:Dress Barn, Pier 1 owner buys U.K. luxury brand (https://chainstoreage.com/dressbarn-pier-1-owner-buys-uk-luxury-brand) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Owner of RadioShack, Pier 1 in danger of bankruptcy" (https://nypost.com/2023/03/02/owner-of-radioshack-pier-1-in-danger-of-bankruptcy-filing-sources/) . New York Post . 2 March 2023 . Retrieved 2 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Ready-to-Wear Ralph & Russo in Spring 2018" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2018-ready-to-wear/ralph-and-russo) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . 16 September 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Fall 2018 Ready to Wear - Ralph & Russo" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2018-ready-to-wear/ralph-and-russo) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Bailey, Alyssa (28 June 2019). "Angelina Jolie Goes Full Duchess in Ralph & Russo Dress at a Royal Event" (https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a21985876/angelina-jolie-ralph-and-russo-dress-at-royal-st-pauls-cathedral-service/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "UK’s first Paris fashion coup for a century" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131203064950/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/People/article1347068.ece) , The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) , Retrieved 3 December 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "#BOF500 2016: Tamara Ralph and Michael Russo" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/tamara-ralph-and-michael-russo) , Business of Fashion, Retrieved 25 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Moore, Booth (2 October 2020). "Ralph & Russo RTW Spring 2021" (https://wwd.com/runway/spring-ready-to-wear-2021/paris/ralph-russo/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 11 November 2020 . 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Undergarments Tunica interior , subucula , or colobium , were undergarments worn during Ancient Roman times. fascia, a sort of corset, then a tunica interior (subucula, interula), and above it the indusium, or tunica indusiata. From 753 until 323 B.C. it was the innermost tunic (/wiki/Tunic) (undergarment). They were made of wool and later silk or cotton and the width was consistent from top to bottom [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Complete Costume Dictionary by Elizabeth J. Lewandowski page 300 This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunica_interior&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐gbwfv Cached time: 20240712201225 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.124 seconds Real time usage: 0.176 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 252/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4099/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 335/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5379/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.079/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1502905/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 164.309 1 -total 49.03% 80.554 1 Template:Short_description 41.60% 68.345 1 Template:Clothing-stub 40.25% 66.136 1 Template:Asbox 26.99% 44.343 2 Template:Pagetype 13.87% 22.785 3 Template:Main_other 12.47% 20.494 1 Template:SDcat 8.31% 13.655 1 Template:Reflist 1.70% 2.800 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47145946-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712201225 and revision id 997357112. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunica_interior&oldid=997357112 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunica_interior&oldid=997357112) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Roman-era clothing (/wiki/Category:Roman-era_clothing) Undergarments (/wiki/Category:Undergarments) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Portuguese model (born 1988) Gonçalo Teixeira Born Gonçalo Viriato Teixeira ( 1988-08-20 ) August 20, 1988 (age 35) Lisbon (/wiki/Lisbon) , Portugal Modeling information Height 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Blue Agency Central Models (Portugal) Gonçalo Teixeira (born August 20, 1988) is a Portuguese model best known for working with Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) , as well as his appearance in Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) 2009. He has appeared in magazines such as Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health_(magazine)) and GQ (/wiki/GQ) . He won a Portuguese Golden Globe (/wiki/Golden_Globes_(Portugal)) in 2011 and 2012 for Best Male Model. [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Gonçalo Teixeira became known after winning the 2005 Portuguese Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) contest. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2012, he was selected for the cover of the April edition of Portuguese Men's Health and to be the face of the international advertising campaign for Guess Accessories, Spring 2012, which was photographed by Ralf Pulmanns in Los Angeles. [3] (#cite_note-3) He also appeared in the Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) Spring 12 campaign, alongside Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) and Natasha Barnard (/w/index.php?title=Natasha_Barnard&action=edit&redlink=1) which was photographed in Bora Bora. [4] (#cite_note-4) Awards [ edit ] Best Male Model, Vogue Portugal Fashion Awards 2012 [5] (#cite_note-5) Golden Globe Award Portugal 2011 and 2012 for Best Male Model References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Gonçalo Teixeira vence troféu de Melhor Modelo Masculino" (https://caras.sapo.pt/globosdeouro/globosdeouro_moda/2012-05-21-goncalo-teixeira-vence-trofeu-de-melhor-modelo-masculino) . Caras Magazine (/w/index.php?title=Caras_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved September 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Buffet vegetariano daTerra abre em Aveiro e está mesmo a chegar a Lisboa" (http://trendy.pt/2014/06/o-cating-elite-model-look-esta-de-regresso-em-julho/date=) . Retrieved September 14, 2014 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-3) "GUESS Accessories - Spring 2012 Campaign" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mokwTod65A) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Retrieved August 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Gonzalo Teixeira Portfolio" (https://metromodels.com/gonzalo-teixeira/) . Retrieved 10 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashion Awards 2012: Os vencedores" (http://www.vogue.xl.pt/moda/noticias/detalhe/fashion_awards_2012_os_vencedores.html) . vogue.xl.pt . Noticias (in Portuguese). Cofina Media (/wiki/Cofina) . External links [ edit ] Gonçalo Teixeira (https://x.com/goncalloteixeir) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) Gonçalo Teixeira (https://www.facebook.com/goncaloviriatoteixeira) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f656bc667‐k94vz Cached time: 20240709031239 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.401 seconds Real time usage: 0.705 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2353/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20072/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3292/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21626/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.285/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7918120/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 685.872 1 -total 45.84% 314.388 1 Template:Infobox_model 26.40% 181.071 1 Template:Reflist 19.37% 132.878 1 Template:Short_description 15.66% 107.428 5 Template:Cite_web 14.25% 97.768 1 Template:Infobox 12.54% 86.039 22 Template:Main_other 10.27% 70.427 1 Template:SDcat 8.28% 56.823 1 Template:Count 8.28% 56.763 1 Template:Dead_link Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43822667-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709031239 and revision id 1092392251. 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(Redirected from Latter-day Saints in Republic of the Congo (/w/index.php?title=Latter-day_Saints_in_Republic_of_the_Congo&redirect=no) ) Church in the Republic of the Congo This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. 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Find sources: "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Republic of the Congo" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints+in+the+Republic+of+the+Congo%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints+in+the+Republic+of+the+Congo%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints+in+the+Republic+of+the+Congo%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints+in+the+Republic+of+the+Congo%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints+in+the+Republic+of+the+Congo%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints+in+the+Republic+of+the+Congo%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Republic of the Congo Area (/wiki/Area_(LDS_Church)) Africa Central (/wiki/Area_(LDS_Church)#Africa_Central) Members (/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_membership_statistics#Membership_defined) 12,626 (2023) [1] (#cite_note-1) Stakes (/wiki/Stake_(LDS_Church)) 4 Wards (/wiki/Ward_(LDS_Church)) 25 Branches (/wiki/Ward_(LDS_Church)#Branch) 7 Total Congregations [2] (#cite_note-2) 32 Missions (/wiki/Mission_(LDS_Church)) 1 Temples (/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)) 1 Announced Family History Centers (/wiki/Family_History_Center) 3 [3] (#cite_note-3) The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Republic of the Congo refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints) (LDS Church) and its members in the Republic of the Congo (/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo) . The country was opened to the church's missionaries (/wiki/Mormon_missionary) in 1991. [4] (#cite_note-4) Since then, the church has grown to 11,481 members in 32 congregations. [5] (#cite_note-newsroom-5) History [ edit ] 1960s-1980s [ edit ] The earliest presence of the LDS Church in Congo can be traced back to the 1960s. The exact date of the first members or the initial missionary activity in the country is not widely documented, but during this period, the church began to slowly establish a foundation. In the 1980s, as the church expanded its missionary efforts globally, more formalized activities began in Congo. Missionaries were sent to teach the gospel, and local congregations (called branches (/wiki/Branch_(LDS_Church)) ) were established in various cities. 1990s [ edit ] The 1990s marked a significant period of growth for the LDS Church in Congo. More Congolese individuals and families joined the church, leading to the establishment of additional branches and the eventual creation of districts (/wiki/District_(LDS_Church)) (a group of congregations). Local leadership was developed, with Congolese members serving in important roles. 2000s [ edit ] As the church continued to grow in Congo, it faced challenges related to infrastructure, communication, and the country's socio-political landscape. Despite these challenges, the faith and dedication of Congolese members sustained the church's progress. The church's humanitarian efforts also played a role in increasing its visibility and positive impact in Congo. Projects focused on providing clean water, education, and medical assistance to local communities. 2010s-present [ edit ] The LDS Church in Congo continued its steady growth throughout the 2010s. The number of congregations increased, and temples were announced in nearby countries, contributing to a sense of regional growth and unity among African church members. The church's focus on self-reliance and education has helped empower members in Congo to improve their livelihoods and contribute positively to society. These efforts align with the church's broader global initiatives. The church's presence in Congo continues to be an important part of its international membership. Membership in the Republic of the Congo Year Membership 1971 10 1991 99 1995* 1,000 1999 1,602 2004 3,404 2009 4,462 2014 6,053 2019 8,542 2022 11,481 *Membership was published as an estimated or rounded number. Source: Jim M. Wall, Deseret News (/wiki/Deseret_News) , various years, Church Almanac Country Information: Republic of the Congo , Windall J. Ashton [5] (#cite_note-newsroom-5) Stakes [ edit ] Ouésso Brazzaville Diata Makelekele Pointe-Noire Kinshasa (/wiki/Kinshasa_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Temple) class=notpageimage\| (/wiki/File:Congo_location_map.svg) Stake Centers in the Republic of the Congo Red =Operating Temple Green = Stake Purple = meetinghouse not part of stake or district As of February 2023, the following stakes existed in the Republic of the Congo: Stake Organized Wards [6] (#cite_note-as_of_February_2023-6) Branches [6] (#cite_note-as_of_February_2023-6) Brazzaville Republic of Congo 19 Oct 2003 7 Diata Republic of the Congo 8 Nov 2020 6 2 Makelekele Republic of Congo 31 Aug 2014 6 Pointe-Noire Republic of Congo 19 Jul 2015 6 2 The Mindouli Branch, Ouésso Branch, and the Republic of Congo Brazzaville Mission Branch are not part of a stake or district. The Republic of Congo Brazzaville Mission Branch serves individuals and families not in proximity to a church meetinghouse. Missions [ edit ] The Republic of the Congo Brazzaville Mission boundaries is the same as the country's boundaries. Temples [ edit ] The Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Temple (/wiki/Kinshasa_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Temple) was dedicated on 14 April 2019 by Dale G. Renlund (/wiki/Dale_G._Renlund) . While not in the Republic of the Congo, this temple is located in proximity to the stakes in the Brazzaville area. On April 3, 2022, church president (/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)) Russell M. Nelson (/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson) announced a temple (/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)) will be built in Brazzaville. 163. Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Temple (/wiki/Kinshasa_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Temple) Official website (https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/temples/details/kinshasa-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-temple?lang=eng) News & images (http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/kinshasa/) edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:LDS_Temple/Kinshasa_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Temple&action=edit) Location: Announced: Groundbreaking: Dedicated: Size: Kinshasa (/wiki/Kinshasa) , Democratic Republic of the Congo (/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo) 1 October 2011 by Thomas S. Monson (/wiki/Thomas_S._Monson) [7] (#cite_note-2011_Oct_desnews-7) [8] (#cite_note-2011_Post-8) 12 February 2016 by Neil L. Andersen (/wiki/Neil_L._Andersen) 14 April 2019 by Dale G. Renlund (/wiki/Dale_G._Renlund) [10] (#cite_note-CongoDedication2-10) [11] (#cite_note-CongoDedication-11) 12,000 sq ft (1,100 m 2 ) on a 5-acre (2.0 ha) site 275. Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Temple (/wiki/Brazzaville_Republic_of_the_Congo_Temple) (Announced) Official website (https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/temples/details/brazzaville-republic-of-the-congo-temple?lang=eng) News & images (http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/brazzaville-republic-of-the-congo-temple/) edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:LDS_Temple/Brazzaville_Republic_of_the_Congo_Temple&action=edit) Location: Announced: Brazzaville (/wiki/Brazzaville,_Republic_of_the_Congo) , Republic of the Congo (/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo) 3 April 2022 by Russell M. Nelson (/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson) [12] (#cite_note-Deseret_April_2022-12) [13] (#cite_note-Newsroom_Apr_2022-13) See also [ edit ] LDS Church portal (/wiki/Portal:LDS_Church) Religion in the Republic of the Congo (/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/republic-of-the-congo (https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/republic-of-the-congo) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Excludes groups meeting separate from wards and branches. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Category:Republic of Congo Family History Centers , familysearch.org , retrieved 15 June 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-4) of the Congo-67395 Desertet News Church Almanac, Country Information: Republic of the Congo (https://www.thechurchnews.com/archives/2010-01-28/country-information-Republic) ^ a b "Facts and Statistics: Statistics by Country: Republic of the Congo" (https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/republic-of-the-congo) , Newsroom , LDS Church , retrieved 2 May 2021 ^ a b as of February 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-2011_Oct_desnews_7-0) Walker, Joseph (1 October 2011). "LDS general conference opens with the announcement of six new Mormon temples" (https://www.deseret.com/2011/10/1/20220353/lds-general-conference-opens-with-the-announcement-of-six-new-mormon-temples) . Deseret News . Salt Lake City . Retrieved 19 April 2022 . . ^ (#cite_ref-2011_Post_8-0) "Mormon church president announces plans for new temples in Utah, Wyoming, Colombia, Africa" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/mormon-church-president-announces-plans-for-new-temples-in-wyoming-colombia-africa/2011/10/01/gIQAQSJ3CL_story.html) . Washington Post . AP. 1 October 2011 . Retrieved 5 October 2011 . . ^ (#cite_ref-CongoGroundbreaking_9-0) "Ground Broken for First Central Africa Temple: Africa now has three temples in development, three more in operation" (http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/ground-broken-first-kinshasa-temple) . Newsroom, United Kingdom . LDS Church (/wiki/LDS_Church) . 12 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-CongoDedication2_10-0) "Elder Renlund Dedicates Kinshasa Temple in a Historic Occasion for Latter-day Saints: A key milestone, a blessing for Central Africa" (https://www.mormonnewsroom.co.za/article/elder-renlund-dedicates-kinshasa-temple-in-a-historic-occasion-for-latter-day-saints) . Newsroom . LDS Church (/wiki/LDS_Church) . 14 April 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-CongoDedication_11-0) "Open House and Dedication Dates Announced for the Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Temple: Fourth operating temple in Africa" (https://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/open-house-dedication-dates-announced-kinshasa-democratic-republic-congo-temple) . Newsroom . LDS Church (/wiki/LDS_Church) . 1 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-Deseret_April_2022_12-0) "7 new temple locations announced by President Nelson to close conference" (https://www.deseret.com/2022/4/3/23006433/new-temple-announced-by-president-nelson-at-april-2022-general-conference) , Deseret News (/wiki/Deseret_News) , Deseret News (/wiki/Deseret_News) , 3 Apr 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-Newsroom_Apr_2022_13-0) "President Nelson Announces 17 New Temples" (https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/prophet-new-temples-april-2022) , Newsroom , LDS Church (/wiki/LDS_Church) , 3 Apr 2022 External links [ edit ] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Central Africa Area) (https://africacentral.churchofjesuschrist.org/?lang=eng) - Official Site LDS Church - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Congo Newsroom (https://presse-cd.eglisedejesus-christ.org/) ComeUntoChrist.org (https://www.comeuntochrist.org/beliefs) Latter-day Saints Visitor site v t e The Church of Jesus 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history (/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_membership_history) Temples (/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)) ( Africa (/wiki/List_of_temples_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_by_geographic_region#Africa) , List (/wiki/List_of_temples_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints) , Comparison (/wiki/Comparison_of_temples_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints) , Architecture (/wiki/Temple_architecture_(LDS_Church)) ) Missions (/wiki/List_of_missions_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints#Africa) This article related to the Latter Day Saint movement (/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6m6sk Cached time: 20240721032407 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.579 seconds Real time usage: 0.765 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2297/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 139885/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 18372/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 70124/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.344/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8398831/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 663.893 1 -total 23.33% 154.897 3 Template:Ambox 19.40% 128.794 2 Template:LDS_Temple/Kinshasa_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Temple 19.15% 127.118 2 Template:LDS_Temple_list2 15.25% 101.273 5 Template:Citation 14.81% 98.317 1 Template:Historical_population 14.60% 96.934 1 Template:Multiple_issues 11.45% 76.049 1 Template:Short_description 10.27% 68.150 1 Template:Location_map+ 9.49% 62.989 1 Template:Notability Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67559996-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721032407 and revision id 1218012203. 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American fashion designer Mark Zunino Born Mark Stephen Zunino Alma mater Pepperdine University (/wiki/Pepperdine_University) Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Years active 1982–present Website markzunino (http://markzunino.com) .com (http://markzunino.com) Mark Stephen Zunino is an American fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Mark Zunino was born in Fairfield, California (/wiki/Fairfield,_California) . He and his family later moved to Vacaville, CA for work. He grew interested in sports following his dad's encouragement. After graduating high school, Zunino attended the University of California at Davis for a short time. He later transferred to Pepperdine University in Malibu, CA to study architecture. [2] (#cite_note-lat-2) Career [ edit ] His first entry into his career was when he was recommended for an internship with Aaron Spelling (/wiki/Aaron_Spelling) and Nolan Miller (/wiki/Nolan_Miller) , a television producer and fashion designer respectively. [2] (#cite_note-lat-2) Through his work with Nolan, Zunino was able to work with multiple people, such as Nancy Reagan (/wiki/Nancy_Reagan) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , [4] (#cite_note-4) Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) , Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) and Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-bhl-6) These experiences, combined with his exposure to the couture business among others, helped inform his focus on an “old Hollywood” style. [6] (#cite_note-bhl-6) Zunino later launched a fashion line in 1998, which was designed to have more “modern” sensibilities. [6] (#cite_note-bhl-6) He later debuted the “Mark Zunino” line and accepted a partnership with Miller. [2] (#cite_note-lat-2) The partnership lasted from 1998-2007 when it was dissolved due to Miller being diagnosed with lung cancer. Zunino relaunched it under his own name. [2] (#cite_note-lat-2) He toured internationally from 2007–2011 in partnership with General Motors (/wiki/General_Motors) . [7] (#cite_note-7) He launched multiple fashion lines in 2011, including Mark Zunino Bridal and MZ2, which was relatively budget-priced. [2] (#cite_note-lat-2) He opened a salon in Beverly Hills, CA in 2015. [2] (#cite_note-lat-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:1_1-0) "L.A. designer Mark Zunino is having a fashion moment" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-mark-zunino-20160605-snap-story.html) . LA Times . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Boucher, Vincent (June 10, 2016). "L.A. designer Mark Zunino is having a fashion moment" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-mark-zunino-20160605-snap-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Former First Lady Nancy Reagan was known for her lavish style -- and Reagan red" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-nancy-reagan-lavish-style-reagan-red-20160306-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . 7 March 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Friday, rew Asch. "Elizabeth Taylor's Dresses Take Bow at Zunino Atelier's AIDS Event" (https://www.apparelnews.net/news/2019/nov/08/elizabeths-taylors-dresses-take-bow-aids-event-zun/) . Apparel News . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bagley, Christopher (11 December 2018). "Joan Collins Is Back, and Thorny as Ever" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/joan-collins-dynasty-relationships-interview) . W Magazine . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Glamour Prevails w/ Mark Zunino" (http://www.bhlmagazine.com/glamour-prevails/) . Beverly Hills Lifestyle Magazine . March 7, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Asch, Andrew (January 28, 2016). "In Tough Times, Mark Zunino Opens Lavish Couture House" (https://www.apparelnews.net/news/2016/jan/28/tough-times-mark-zunino-opens-lavish-couture-house/) . Apparel News . 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American fashion designer (1926–2020) Herbert Kasper Born ( 1926-12-12 ) December 12, 1926 New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Died March 1, 2020 (2020-03-01) (aged 93) Occupation Fashion designer Herbert Kasper (December 12, 1926 – March 1, 2020) was an American fashion designer known as Kasper. He studied English and advertising at New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) and fashion at the Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) in New York from 1951–53 and l'Ecole de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne [1] (https://www.facebook.com/pages/Ecole-de-la-Chambre-Syndicale-de-la-Couture-Parisienne/216686197031) in 1953. [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) He left NYU to serve in the US Army in Europe. [2] (#cite_note-2) After World War II he enrolled at Parsons, where he became a protégé of milliner Fred Frederics. After graduating, he returned to Paris (/wiki/Paris) for two years developing his skills in design while working for Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , and Marcel Rochas (/wiki/Marcel_Rochas) . When he returned to the US, he worked for Frederics at Mr. John (/wiki/Mr._John) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Kasper's talent was for making inexpensive clothes look "exquisite" and expensive, which endeared him to several other Seventh Avenue manufactures in the 1950s. [ citation needed ] He then worked as a dress designer for Penart, Lord & Taylor in New York. His works were known as Kasper of Penart. In the 1960s he started to make clothing under his own label. In 1963, he won the Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for American designers. Joan Leslie (1902–1966) had a women's dress and sportwear company that Mr. Kasper worked for, when she died, Mr. Kasper became the head designer for the company and eventually became Vice-President for the company, the Lesley Fay Co. Inc. He left the company in 1985. He designed clothes for Joanne Carson, the wife of talk show host Johnny Carson (/wiki/Johnny_Carson) , who described his clothes as being both feminine and sexy. [4] (#cite_note-4) Mr. Kasper married Betsey Pickering in 1955, divorced 1958. He married Jondar Conning in 1979. In 2011 (January 21 - May 1) his collection of Drawings and Photographs were shown at the Morgan Library (/wiki/Morgan_Library) in the exhibition Mannerism and Modernism: The Kasper collection of Drawings and Photographs. [5] (#cite_note-5) “Kasper was in some ways always the youngest person in the room. He had an unerring eye, a warm and droll sense of humor, and an insatiable curiosity.” Morgan Library & Museum Director Colin B. Bailey (/wiki/Colin_B._Bailey) wrote of the collector. [6] (#cite_note-6) Quotes [ edit ] Over a lifetime of designing I've evolved a philosophy that comes from creating clothes for a particular kind of American woman. (Who, by the way, I very much admire.) This woman is adventurous and vital with a lifestyle that demands she play many different roles throughout the day. It's the confident spirit of this kind of woman that inspires me most. Whatever she's doing, running a home, a career, entertaining, mothering, traveling, I deeply believe this woman remains an individual. No one is going to tell her exactly what she has to wear, no matter what's currently in style. She wants and needs high style, high quality, fashion-conscious clothes that can last for more than one season…. And because I think I have an exceptional ability to anticipate trends, my clothes always have a "today" spirit. I'm constantly refining, improving, interpreting…trying to capture the essence of the times without being trendy. But from whatever source my ideas come from, I always keep in mind that lively, energetic, smart looking woman who is my customer. She's my motivation and my ultimate inspiration.—Herbert Kasper [1] (#cite_note-auto-1) Awards [ edit ] Coty American Fashion Critics Award Cotton Fashion Award - 1972 Maas Brothers Pavilion Design Award - 1983 Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Governor Award - 1984 Ronald MacDonald House Award - 1984 References [ edit ] ^ a b "Herbert Kasper - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia - women, dress, style, new, body, dresses, designs, world, look" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ja-Kh/Kasper-Herbert.html) . www.fashionencyclopedia.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) FashionModelDirectory.com, The FMD-. "Herbert Kasper - Fashion Designer \| Designers \| The FMD" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/herbert-kasper/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Kasper" profile (1973) in Gala 75 program. St Vincent's Hospital. Birmingham, Alabama. Held at the Betty Ford White House Papers, 1973-1977 at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, Box 8 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kasper, Herbert \| Encyclopedia.com" (https://www.encyclopedia.com/fashion/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/kasper-herbert) . www.encyclopedia.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mannerism and Modernism: The Kasper Collection of Drawings and Photographs , ed. Rhoda Eitel-Porter, preface by Kasper, foreword by William M. Griswold, appreciation by Axel Vervoordt, et al., New York, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lockwood, Lisa (March 3, 2020). "Herbert Kasper, American Fashion Designer, 93" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/herbert-kasper-american-fashion-designer-1203528973/) . External links [ edit ] Profile in Fashion Encyclopedia (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ja-Kh/Kasper-Herbert.html) Mannerism and Modernism: The Kasper Collection of Drawings and Photographs from the Morgan Library (http://www.themorgan.org/exhibitions/exhibition.asp?id=43) Designer profile on Fashion Model Directory (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/herbert-kasper/) Reference on Encyclopedia.com (http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401400232.html) Video from Inside Fashion Interview from 1984 on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) Blue Velvet Vintage: 1950s Herbert Kasper Silk Floral Full Skirt Dress (http://www.bluevelvetvintage.com/50-s-Herbert-Kasper-Silk-Floral-Full-Skirt-Dress.html) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/75475/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000119342762) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/48085985) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjhCG4hdFcfXPYHr778md) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16582605c) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16582605c) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1011680211) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007393625305171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81075526) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6938d7s) IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/165270845) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐kmkcw Cached time: 20240715052003 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.369 seconds Real time usage: 0.503 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2205/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21431/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2017/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22389/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.251/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6192530/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 478.732 1 -total 29.59% 141.657 1 Template:Infobox_person 22.02% 105.408 1 Template:Reflist 20.49% 98.113 1 Template:Authority_control 19.02% 91.038 4 Template:Cite_web 16.94% 81.101 1 Template:Short_description 9.83% 47.055 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.27% 44.390 2 Template:Pagetype 8.46% 40.487 18 Template:Main_other 7.62% 36.492 1 Template:Citation_needed Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31087087-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715052003 and revision id 1105200888. 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Oil painting by Isaac Israëls Isaac Israëls, Ippy and Gertie Posing at Fashion House Hirsch, Amsterdam , circa 1916, oil on canvas, 79.5 x 51 cm, Private collection Ippy and Gertie Posing at Fashion House Hirsch, Amsterdam is a circa 1916 oil on canvas (/wiki/Oil_on_canvas) painting by the Dutch artist Isaac Israëls (/wiki/Isaac_Isra%C3%ABls) . It depicts the twin sisters Helena (1895-1964) and Geertruida Wehmann (1895-1975), models at the Amsterdam fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_design) Hirsch & Cie (/w/index.php?title=Hirsch_%26_Cie&action=edit&redlink=1) [ nl (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsch_%26_Cie) ] in the Leidseplein (/wiki/Leidseplein) whose professional names were Ippy and Gertie respectively. Israëls was introduced to the house by his childhood friend and portrait painter Thérèse Schwartze (/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Schwartze) . He went on to portray the whole range of the world of haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , both in Amsterdam and Paris. His treatment is realist (/wiki/Realism_(art)) rather than glamorous (/wiki/Glamour_(presentation)) , portraying seamstresses as well as their wealthy clients. Hirsch & Cie in Amsterdam continued until 1943, when it was forced to close as part of the Nazi policy of dispossessing Jews of their property during the occupation of the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#German_occupation) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It re-opened in 1948 after the war and continued until 1976 when it finally closed its doors. The premises are now occupied by an Apple Store (/wiki/Apple_Store) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Israëls and Hirsch & Cie [ edit ] Isaac Israëls, Fashion show at Hirsch & Cie , between 1910 and 1920, Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam (/wiki/Joods_Historisch_Museum) . Christie's (/wiki/Christie%27s) lot notes for its November 2012 sale of this painting observes that Isaac Israëls is the painter of modern life in fin-de-siècle Netherlands. [3] (#cite_note-Christie's-3) Isaac was the son of Jozef Israëls (/wiki/Jozef_Isra%C3%ABls) , the noted Hague School (/wiki/Hague_School) painter revered by Vincent van Gogh (/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh) . Following some early training at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Art,_The_Hague) , where he met George Hendrik Breitner (/wiki/George_Hendrik_Breitner) (the two are credited as founding the so-called school of Amsterdam Impressionism (/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism) ), Isaac followed the examples of Johannes Bosboom (/wiki/Johannes_Bosboom) and van Gogh and spent time in the Borinage (/wiki/Borinage) , the Belgian mining district. Although Breitner sketched with van Gogh in their student days at The Hague (Breitner was later dismissive of Vincent's "eskimo paintings", while Vincent in turn dismissed Breitner's efforts as "mouldy wallpaper"), there is no record of Israëls ever meeting van Gogh. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) He did however see a selection of Vincent's paintings at Theo van Gogh's (/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(art_dealer)) art dealership while in Paris in 1889. [7] (#cite_note-7) Israëls moved to Amsterdam in 1887 and together with Breitner enrolled at the National Academy (/wiki/Rijksakademie) . Both of them quickly abandoned the academy and Israëls set up on his own, initially following Breitner in favouring street scenes and night life. However the two fell out and Isaac began to shift his attention to the fashionable aspects of big city life, especially the London and Paris he was familiar with from an early age as a result of his travels with his cosmopolitan father. [8] (#cite_note-8) Around 1900, his childhood friend Thérèse Schwartze (/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Schwartze) introduced him to the fashion house Hirsch & Cie (/w/index.php?title=Hirsch_%26_Cie&action=edit&redlink=1) [ nl (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsch_%26_Cie) ] in the Leidseplein (/wiki/Leidseplein) , Amsterdam. This concern of Belgian origin had begun 1881 as a conscious effort to introduce French haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) to The Netherlands, and by 1900 had developed into one of the leading fashion houses in Europe. Israëls was given access to the fashions shows, as well as allowed behind the scenes in the fitting rooms and sewing ateliers, thus acquiring for himself a reputation not only as a painter of city life, but also of high fashion. He followed his father's realist traditions (/wiki/Realism_(arts)) and avoided glamorous (/wiki/Glamour_(presentation)) portrayals of the world of fashion, portraying seamstresses as well as the wealthy clients they served. Generally he depicted his subjects in grey and brown tones, reserving colour for accents and details such as cherry lips and blushing cheeks. This article's painting is unusual in that the two dresses contrast strongly, although the dark sand-coloured background is typical of his other work in the genre. [3] (#cite_note-Christie's-3) [9] (#cite_note-9) Israëls moved to Paris in 1903 and remained there until the outbreak of World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) . He continued his studies of the world of fashion at the fashion houses Paquin (/wiki/Jeanne_Paquin) and Drecoll (/w/index.php?title=Drecoll&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drecoll) ] . He spent the first two years of the war in London, returning to Amsterdam in 1917. He then worked primarily as a portrait painter, notably of Mata Hari (/wiki/Mata_Hari) and Jo Bonger (/wiki/Johanna_van_Gogh-Bonger) (Theo van Gogh's widow). He continued to record life at Hirsch & Cie. His favourite models at this time were the Wehmann twins, Ippy and Gertie. [10] (#cite_note-10) "Ippy en Gertie" [ edit ] Ippy and Gertie were born 29 June 1895. At the age of sixteen, they were sent to London by their parents to broaden their education and to learn English. There their modelling talent was discovered and they went to work at the very fashionable Maison Lucile (/w/index.php?title=Maison_Lucile&action=edit&redlink=1) at 24 Burlington Street (/wiki/Burlington_Street) , whose clients included aristocracy, royalty, and theatre celebrities. Maison Lucile was founded by Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon (/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon) , who is credited as training the first professional models ( mannequins (/wiki/Mannequins) as they were then called) [11] (#cite_note-11) and for inventing the catwalk (/wiki/Catwalk) . Duff-Gordon expanded her business to Paris, New York and Chicago. Ippy and Gertie spent some time in Paris as well. [ citation needed ] Gertie got engaged to a French count while in Paris, but he was killed at the beginning of the war. The twins returned to Amsterdam and during the period 1916-1918 rose to ascendancy in the Amsterdam modelling world. It was as this time that Israëls made his many portraits of the twins. [ citation needed ] The twins are said to have subsequently gained a minor role in a 1920 film starring Gloria Swanson (/wiki/Gloria_Swanson) , following which they quickly faded from view. They married and later lived in the Pieter Aertzstraat in the De Pijp (/wiki/De_Pijp) district of Amsterdam. [ citation needed ] Ippy died of a stroke in 1964, Gertie in 1975. [ citation needed ] Provenance [ edit ] Anonymous sale, Sotheby's, Mak van Waay, Amsterdam, 4 November 1985, lot 203. Anonymous sale, Glerum, Amsterdam, 28 April 1999, lot 88. Leslie Smith Gallery, Wassenaar. Acquired from the above by a private collector. Anonymous sale, Christie's, Amsterdam, 20 November 2012, lot 52: price realised €229,000 (including hammer price (/wiki/Hammer_price) and buyer's premium (/wiki/Buyer%27s_premium) ). [3] (#cite_note-Christie's-3) Exhibitions [ edit ] Kunsthal, (http://www.kunsthal.nl/nl/tentoonstellingen/isaac-israels-1865-1934/Rotterdam,) Isaac Israels: Hollands Impressionist , 4 September 1999 - 9 January 2000, no. 120 (http://www.kunsthal.nl/nl/tentoonstellingen/isaac-israels-1865-1934/Rotterdam,) . Hague, Gemeentemuseum, (http://www.gemeentemuseum.nl/tentoonstellingen/isaac-israels-in-de-modeThe) Isaac Israels in de mode , 7 December 2002 - 9 March 2003, no. 120 (http://www.gemeentemuseum.nl/tentoonstellingen/isaac-israels-in-de-modeThe) [ permanent dead link ] . The Hague, Gemeentemuseum, (http://www.gemeentemuseum.nl/tentoonstellingen/jozef-en-isaac-israels) Jozef en Isaac Israëls: vader & zoon , 20 September 2008 - 8 February 2009 (http://www.gemeentemuseum.nl/tentoonstellingen/jozef-en-isaac-israels) . [3] (#cite_note-Christie's-3) Gallery [ edit ] Ippy and Gertie at Hirsch Ippy and Gertie in the sun Ippy and Gertie posing Gertie in front of a mirror at Hirsch Gertie in a Fur Coat Sources [ edit ] Bodt, Saskia de, e.a. (2008): Isaac Israëls : Hollands impressionist . Scriptum Art, Schiedam, Blz. 87-98. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-5594-595-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5594-595-5) (in Dutch). Nijenhuis, Hans te, & Ietse Meij (2002). Isaac Israëls : mannequins en mode . Pictures Publishers, Wijk en Aalburg, blz. 144-153 (chapter "Ippy en Gertie"). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 90-73187-43-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-73187-43-5) (in Dutch). References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fashion Store Hirsch & Cie on the Leidseplein closes" (https://www.annefrank.org/en/Subsites/Annes-Amsterdam/Timeline/Occupation/1943/1943/Fashion-Store-Hirsch--Cie-on-the-Leidseplein-closes/#!/en/Subsites/Annes-Amsterdam/Timeline/Occupation/1943/1943/Fashion-Store-Hirsch--Cie-on-the-Leidseplein-closes/) . annefrank.org . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bakker, Theo. "Hirsch & Cie op het Leidseplein" (http://www.theobakker.net/pdf/hirsch.pdf) (PDF) . theobakker.net (in Dutch). ^ a b c d "Ippy and Gertie Posing at Fashion House Hirsch, Amsterdam" (http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5619897) . Christie's (/wiki/Christie%27s) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Note 278" (http://vangoghbiography.com/notes.php?valuesearch=263) . Van Gogh: The Life . VanGoghBiography.com. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Letter to Johanna van der Weele (wife of Herman (/wiki/Herman_Johannes_van_der_Weele) ), 25 December 1892, cited by P.H. Hefting, ‘Brieven van G.H. Breitner aan H.J. van der Weele’, in 19de eeuwse Nederlandse schilderkunst. Een zestal studies , Haarlem 1977 (Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek vol. 27 [1976]), pp. 148-149 ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Letter 361: To Theo van Gogh, The Hague, on or about Wednesday, 11 July 1883" (http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let361/letter.html) . Van Gogh Museum (/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum) . 2v:6. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Letter 813:Theo van Gogh to Vincent van Gogh. Paris, Tuesday, 22 October 1889" (http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let813/letter.html) . Van Gogh Museum (/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum) . n. 2. ^ (#cite_ref-8) de Leeuw, Ronald; Sillevis, John; Dumas, Charles (1983). The Hague School: Dutch Masters of the 19th Century . Weidenfold and Nicolson. p. 105 (https://archive.org/details/hagueschooldutch0000unse/page/105) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0297782193 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Schilder van 'menschjes van gracie' (https://www.volkskrant.nl/archief/schilder-van-menschjes-van-gracie~a631017/) " (https://www.volkskrant.nl/archief/schilder-van-menschjes-van-gracie~a631017/) (in Dutch). de Volkskrant (/wiki/De_Volkskrant) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Israels & Hirsch" (http://www.bibliotheek.nl/thema/amsterdam/isaac-israels/israels---hirsch.html) . bibliotheek.nl (in Dutch). ^ (#cite_ref-11) 1902 Pall Mall Mag (/wiki/The_Pall_Mall_Magazine) . XXVII. 119 Another salon ornamented with tall mirrors in which were reflected the slender elegant figures of several mannequins, most of them exceedingly pretty and all arrayed in magnificent dresses. "mannequin" (https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=mannequin) . Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) (Online ed.). Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) . (Subscription or participating institution membership (https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.) External links [ edit ] Blog: (http://www.hautehistoire.nl/isaac-israels-in-de-ban-van-ippy-en-gertie/) Israëls in de ban van Ippy en Gertie (in Dutch) (http://www.hautehistoire.nl/isaac-israels-in-de-ban-van-ippy-en-gertie/) Israëls en de mode in de Haagse Courant (in Dutch) (http://www.roosvanput.nl/external/_mode/Onzichtbaar_in.htm) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐qrswb Cached time: 20240713194323 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.356 seconds Real time usage: 0.893 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2427/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33723/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4609/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 47779/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.177/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5257497/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 728.749 1 -total 25.86% 188.459 4 Template:Citation_needed 25.05% 182.517 5 Template:Fix 21.25% 154.851 10 Template:Category_handler 19.90% 144.996 1 Template:Reflist 19.36% 141.064 1 Template:Short_description 11.77% 85.790 14 Template:Main_other 11.72% 85.392 8 Template:Cite_web 11.19% 81.538 1 Template:SDcat 7.77% 56.648 2 Template:ISBN Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48539096-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713194323 and revision id 1117118653. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ippy_and_Gertie_Posing_at_Fashion_House_Hirsch,_Amsterdam&oldid=1117118653 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ippy_and_Gertie_Posing_at_Fashion_House_Hirsch,_Amsterdam&oldid=1117118653) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Paintings by Isaac Israëls (/wiki/Category:Paintings_by_Isaac_Isra%C3%ABls) 1916 paintings (/wiki/Category:1916_paintings) Dutch fashion (/wiki/Category:Dutch_fashion) Portraits of women (/wiki/Category:Portraits_of_women) Hidden categories: CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2015) All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from January 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2020) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links)
Look up casaquin (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/casaquin) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A casaquin is a short-length closely fitted coat [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) worn by middle- and upper-class women during the 18th century. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The garment (/wiki/Garment) was popular in both France and Italy. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) A casaquin was made from linen which was then covered by embroidery, silk and lace to decorate. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The design was influenced by religious beliefs or events as well as reflecting on stylistic features of the time or of individual designers. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) Casaquins were worn by a range of females—from working-class women (for practical purposes) to upper-class ladies (for social or ceremonious occasions). [6] (#cite_note-:8-6) [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The casaquin even influenced women from the Netherlands during the 18th century to introduce their own version of a casaquin called a "Kassekijntje". [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) This casaquin (1725–1740, Italian) jacket from the MET Museum (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) features woollen embroidery of birds, pagodas, and exotic flowers. The flowers reflect on the chinoiseries style (/wiki/Chinoiserie) commonly used by designers throughout the 18th century. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) The figures stitched which appear as Jesters can be described as Grotesque (/wiki/Grotesque) . [9] (#cite_note-9) This is another style—also used commonly throughout the 18th century—in which figures were represented through distorted shapes creating a mysterious or even unpleasant image. This design represents the influence of the 17th-century designer Jean Berain (/wiki/Jean_B%C3%A9rain_the_Elder) . [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) The postures of the figures depicted are also identified as a symbol commonly used throughout the 18th century to represent the four continents (/wiki/Four_continents) . [10] (#cite_note-10) This casaquin (1700s, French) from the RISD Museum (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design_Museum) highlights an alternative use of casaquins. Its small size indicates it was not worn by a woman but rather used to decorate a religious sculpture. [11] (#cite_note-Casaquin_{{!}}_RISD_Museum-11) The material consists of silk woven with metallic thread and a floral pattern. The closure and bottom of the garment are accessorised with metallic bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) . [11] (#cite_note-Casaquin_{{!}}_RISD_Museum-11) Construction [ edit ] A casaquin was constructed from a petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) bodice [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) made from linen decorated with silk, lace and embroidery. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) A casaquin was created and designed by a couturiere (/wiki/Haute_couture) meaning a female designer of high fashion customised garments for a private client. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) A casaquin had the design and fit of a dress however was much shorter in length, finishing at the hip, to be worn as a sort of jacket. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Often the casaquin was complete with pleats and a flared skirt around the back of the coat. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Colourful woolen embroidery was stitched across the casaquin to decorate the linen. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) From examination of various sources and as represented in the images beside, the embroidery and decoration varied greatly across casaquin's. Embroidery sometimes featured depictions of fruits, animals, flowers, dancing figures or pagodas (/wiki/Pagoda) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Designs were influenced by significant events, beliefs or stylistic features popular during the time. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Some of the popular styles used for embroidery during this period included chinoiseries (/wiki/Chinoiserie) , grotesque (/wiki/Grotesque) and allegorical imagery. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) The design may also reflect the specific style of the designer. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) Coloured silk was also used as well as metallic lace in silver or gold to embellish the casaquin. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Linen in the 1700s [ edit ] Linen (/wiki/Linen) was originally created during the early 1600s entirely through manual labour. [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) The process involved harvesting the flax crops and then submerging the stems in water until they rotted. The stems would then be crushed until the individual fibres separated which could be spun into thread and then woven into a cloth. [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) Next the cloth would be cleaned and beaten with a wooden hammer to increase its strength. This would also give the material a shine. [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) Throughout the 18th century some of these processes became mechanised utilising water power. [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) [13] (#cite_note-:11-13) This entailed using wooden blade powered by a water mill to separate the flax into fibres. Another step that was mechanised by water power was the hammer for beating the cloth. [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) The cloth was washed using a sequence of water powered wheels which pulled it through wooden "scrubbing boards" made from a sheet of wood with grooves or "corrugated wood". [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) The linen industry was increasingly growing in the 1700s. [14] (#cite_note-:9-14) In order to keep up with its popular demand, which the French weavers were not sufficient for, the industry spread to Ireland. [14] (#cite_note-:9-14) A linen producing town known as Cootehill (/wiki/Cootehill) was formed, which became "a major centre for Linen trade", [14] (#cite_note-:9-14) the linen produced here was some of the finest in the world. [14] (#cite_note-:9-14) Linen was produced by weavers, flax spinners and bleachers within the town. [14] (#cite_note-:9-14) Silk in the 1700s [ edit ] By the eighteenth century, silk (/wiki/Silk) was a prominent industry with over 100 silk mills located in Italy. [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) The raw materials for silk production were sourced internationally, predominantly from China, the West Indies, North American and Africa. [13] (#cite_note-:11-13) Silk mills were powered by water during this time, the largest located in Derby England which was operated by a crew of 300 utilising the River Derwent. [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) It was built by Thomas Lombe (/wiki/Thomas_Lombe) . [12] (#cite_note-:10-12) The invention of the automated loom or Jacquard Loom (/wiki/Jacquard_loom) during the 18th century, allowed for more intricate and varied patterns to be weaved with silk. [15] (#cite_note-:14-15) The first automated loom (/wiki/Loom) was invented by Jacques de Vaucanson (/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson) in 1741. [15] (#cite_note-:14-15) Silk was also commonly used during this period for household furniture including sheets, quilts or rugs. [16] (#cite_note-16) Lace in the 1700s [ edit ] Lace (/wiki/Lace) was still a smaller industry with the majority of its production taking place within the homes of low-income agricultural families. [17] (#cite_note-:12-17) [18] (#cite_note-:13-18) It was produced by women and children using delicate threads which were twisted to create patterns and designs. [17] (#cite_note-:12-17) [18] (#cite_note-:13-18) Finer pieces of lace were crafted using metallic fabric in gold or silver using as many as 400 bobbins (/wiki/Bobbin) . [18] (#cite_note-:13-18) This is another casaquin (1785, Italian) in the Met Museum (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) collection. It features silk cuffed sleeves which mimicked the gentleman's sleeves of the time and a fitted back. [19] (#cite_note-19) Wear [ edit ] Women of the 18th century typically wore one of three styles of dresses. [20] (#cite_note-:15-20) The first was an open robe, which was a gown with a joint bodice (/wiki/Bodice) and skirt which was open at the front. The second was a closed robe, which also featured a joint bodice and skirt but was not open at the front. [20] (#cite_note-:15-20) These gowns were then covered by a "wrapping gown" which also had varied styles. These included a Mantua (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) or a loose fitting gown, a sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) , which had box style pleats around the back or a Polonaise (/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing)) which was an overskirt with draped and ruffled material. [20] (#cite_note-:15-20) The final style of dress was a detached skirt and bodice. The bodice worn with the detached skirt also had alternative styles. One of these was a casaquin. The other styles included a Petenlair which was looser and longer than a casaquin or a riding style jacket which was usually paired with a riding skirt and waistcoat. [20] (#cite_note-:15-20) The casaquin was originally worn by working class females however during the 1720s it was also adopted by the upper class and considered a fashionable garment. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) The casaquin was regarded as a variation of the popular fashionable gown, robe (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) à la française which was an informal gown worn by almost all social classes during the 18th Century apart from the extremely poor. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) During this time comfort and simplicity were increasingly growing as more desirable features of clothing, [6] (#cite_note-:8-6) this was due to the Court of Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France) allowing for the introduction of more nonchalant and less confined styles of clothing categorised as " negligee (/wiki/Negligee) style". [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) The casaquin was also worn to accentuate the features of the ideal body type that was coveted during this time period, [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) this involved having a waist so small it was comparable to the handspan of a male. [21] (#cite_note-21) Casaquins in artwork show the wearer ranging from a lower-class kitchen maid to an upper-class lady dressed in formal wear. [22] (#cite_note-22) The design of the casaquin was often an indicator of the purpose of its wear. Some casaquins included elaborate or extensive decoration meaning they were worn by more upper-class women to semi formal social events. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) These could include meals, ceremonies, walks in noble or higher-class company or Masquerades. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Others were a much simpler design worn by middle-class women for every day wear or practical purposes for warmth. [6] (#cite_note-:8-6) Smaller scale casaquins were also created to decorate religious sculptures. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) However using the design of a casaquin to indicate the wearer's social status can be ambiguous particularly during the 18th century. During this period remaining fashionable in society's eyes was of utmost importance to many females as it defined their "social identification". [23] (#cite_note-:16-23) Despite an individual's class or rank they could still be considered respectable if they were well dressed. [23] (#cite_note-:16-23) It grew to the extent that some called for a way to identify social classes as some women would sacrifice the well-being of herself and family for clothes, Bernard Mandeville stating in the 18th century "The poorest Labourer's Wife in the Parish, who scorns to wear a strong wholesome Frize, as she might, will half starve herself and her Husband to purchase a second-hand Gown and Petticoat, ... because, forsooth, it is more genteel". [23] (#cite_note-:16-23) This quote using the example of a low-class female who would use money for her family's food instead to buy a second-hand luxury dress. This desire to be fashionable allowed for the growth of the second-hand clothing industry during the 18th century. Fine clothes could be resold and then bought by lower classes. [23] (#cite_note-:16-23) The mechanisation of the textile industry as well as the increased trade during the later 18th century also meant varied designs of fabric were highly available, with finer and intricate patterns growing less rare. [23] (#cite_note-:16-23) This blurred another boundary between the social classes in terms of fashion. [23] (#cite_note-:16-23) Historical significance [ edit ] Some casaquins were designed and worn by well known figures in history. An example includes the casaquin from the French museum Palais Galliera (/wiki/Palais_Galliera) which was found in the noble house of Ligne (/wiki/Ligne_family) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) This particular casaquin dates from 1730–1740 and was made from a blue linen interior. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The exterior is decorated with coral silk and silver lace. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) It is proposed that this casaquin was owned and worn by Elisabeth Alexandrine de Salm who was the mother of the 7th Prince of Ligne, Charles-Joseph de Ligne (/wiki/Charles-Joseph,_7th_Prince_of_Ligne) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The Hindeloopen (/wiki/Hindeloopen) women from the Netherlands were inspired by the French casaquin after its popularity in the 18th century and adopted a similar style of decorated short jackets known as a "Kassekijntje". [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) The kassekijntje was made from a material originating in India called Chintz (/wiki/Chintz) . [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Chintz was made from woven fabric which was then hand painted with colourful and exotic patterns. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) Similarly to the casaquin many of the designs were originally typical of indoor decor like furniture or wall hangings but became popularised for clothing within the 18th century. [8] (#cite_note-:7-8) [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Casaquin" (http://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/en/work/casaquin) . Palais Galliera \| Musée de la mode de la Ville de Paris . Retrieved 2019-05-06 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j Parmal, Pamela A. (January 1997). "Fashion and the Growing Importance of the Marchande des Modes in Mid-Eighteenth-Century France". Costume . 31 (1): 68–77. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/cos.1997.31.1.68 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fcos.1997.31.1.68) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0590-8876 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0590-8876) . ^ a b c d "Casaquin \| RISD Museum" (https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/casaquin-630101) . risdmuseum.org . Retrieved 2019-05-06 . ^ a b "Caraco" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81534) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved 2019-05-06 . ^ a b c d e f "Dress" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82461?sortBy=Relevance&deptids=8&ft=bird+of+paradise&offset=0&rpp=100&pos=68) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved 2019-05-07 . ^ a b c Institute, Kyoto Costume; Fukai, Akiko (2002). Fashion: The Collection of the Kyoto Costume Institute : a History from the 18th to the 20th century . Taschen. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783822812068 . ^ a b c d e f g h Peck, Amelia (2013-09-24). Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500?1800 . Yale University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300196986 . ^ a b c d e Arnolli, Gieneke (2017). "The Mysterious Hindeloopen Chintz Wentke Revealed" (http://network.icom.museum/fileadmin/user_upload/minisites/costume/pdf/ICOM_Costume_London_2017_Proceedings_-_Arnolli.pdf) (PDF) . The Mysterious Hindeloopen Chintz Wentke Revealed – via ICOM. [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) Peck, Amelia (2013-09-24). Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500?1800 . Yale University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300196986 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Peck, Amelia (2013-09-24). Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500?1800 . Yale University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300196986 . ^ a b "Casaquin \| RISD Museum" (https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/casaquin-630101?return=/art-design/collection?search_api_fulltext=casaquin&field_type=All&op=) . risdmuseum.org . Retrieved 2019-05-12 . ^ a b c d e f g h i Reynolds, Terry S. (1984). "Medieval Roots of the Industrial Revolution". Scientific American . 251 (1): 122–131. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 1984SciAm.251a.122R (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984SciAm.251a.122R) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1038/scientificamerican0784-122 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0784-122) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0036-8733 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8733) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 24969418 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/24969418) . ^ a b Montagna, Joseph (1981). "The Industrial Revolution" (http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:4dvAMcH9stEJ:scholar.google.com/+silk+industry+in+the+1700%27s&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5) . scholar.googleusercontent.com . Retrieved 2019-05-31 . ^ a b c d e Brabazon, Michael (2016). "The Enigma of the 'French' Linen-Weavers of Cootehill and Swinford". History Ireland . 24 (6): 20–22. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0791-8224 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0791-8224) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) histirel.24.6.20 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/histirel.24.6.20) . ^ a b koehlerlange (2015-12-01). "French Silk of the 18th Century" (https://livredelamode.wordpress.com/2015/12/01/french-silk-of-the-18th-century/) . Livre de la Mode . Retrieved 2019-05-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Allen, Gloria (2002-01-01). "Silk Bedcoverings in the Early Chesapeake Region: Interpreting Documentary Evidence" (https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/499) . Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings . ^ a b Jones, E. L. (1968). "Agricultural Origins of Industry". Past & Present (40): 58–71. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/past/40.1.58 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F40.1.58) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0031-2746 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0031-2746) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 650067 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/650067) . ^ a b c Spenceley, G. F. R. (1973). "The Origins of the English Pillow Lace Industry". The Agricultural History Review . 21 (2): 81–93. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0002-1490 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-1490) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 40273541 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40273541) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Caraco" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81534?&searchField=All&sortBy=Relevance&deptids=8&ft=casaquin&offset=0&rpp=100&pos=1) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved 2019-05-07 . ^ a b c d Hurdle, Patricia (1970). "Millinery and Milliners in Colonial Virginia, 1750-1780" (https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5044&context=etd) . Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects – via College of William and Mary W&M ScholarWorks. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Worell, Judith (2001-09-27). Encyclopedia of Women and Gender, Two-Volume Set: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender . Academic Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780122272455 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Blum, Stella (1982-01-01). Eighteenth-century French Fashion Plates in Full Color: 64 Engravings from the "Galerie Des Modes," 1778-1787 (in French). Courier Corporation. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780486243313 . ^ a b c d e f Lemire, Beverly (2013-07-19). "Peddling Fashion: Salesmen, Pawnbrokers, Taylors, Thieves and the Second-hand Clothes Trade in England, c. 1700–1800". Textile History . 22 : 67–82. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1179/004049691793711342 (https://doi.org/10.1179%2F004049691793711342) . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casaquin&oldid=1230845407 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casaquin&oldid=1230845407) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Coats (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Coats_(clothing)) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from November 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2023) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))
California-based luxury accessory company For related terms, see Beryl (disambiguation) (/wiki/Beryl_(disambiguation)) . +Beryll Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Founded Santa Monica, California (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) , United States (2006) Founder Sigmar Berg (/wiki/Sigmar_Berg) Number of locations 500+ outlets Key people Sigmar Berg – Chief Designer Products Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_good) , designer sunglasses (/wiki/Designer_sunglasses) Website beryll (http://beryll.com/) .com (http://beryll.com/) +Beryll is a luxury (/wiki/Luxury_good) accessory company based in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) , United States. [1] (#cite_note-lastory-1) They specialize in designer sunglasses (/wiki/Designer_sunglasses) and other lifestyle accessories such as clothes. It has a flagship store in Santa Monica (/wiki/Santa_Monica) , and is sold at approximately 500 other outlets. [1] (#cite_note-lastory-1) Overview [ edit ] +Beryll was founded in 2006 by Sigmar Berg (/wiki/Sigmar_Berg) in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) . Berg (born 1975), an Austrian (/wiki/Austria) -born painter, photographer, [2] (#cite_note-ambrogi-2) and fashion designer, had moved to Los Angeles in 2006 with his family. Trained as an architect, [3] (#cite_note-owow-3) he soon began designing accessories in his Santa Monica studio. [2] (#cite_note-ambrogi-2) He originally focused hand-made sunglasses for the brand, later expanding into jewelry, handbags, boots, [1] (#cite_note-lastory-1) belts, hats, scarves, leather vests, and other accessories. [4] (#cite_note-perrier-4) Sigmar is "largely influenced by his European roots," and in particular the architecture style of Bauhaus (/wiki/Bauhaus) . [4] (#cite_note-perrier-4) His products tend to be unisex (/wiki/Unisex) , and also incorporate styles of Southern California (/wiki/Southern_California) . [4] (#cite_note-perrier-4) The brand uses a crew of "artisan workers" to craft its products. [3] (#cite_note-owow-3) The company has a flagship store in Santa Monica, California. Originally by-appointment only, [1] (#cite_note-lastory-1) it later opened to the general public. [5] (#cite_note-luxe-5) The brand is also sold at over 500 stores [4] (#cite_note-perrier-4) such as Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) , Maxfield, Barney's, and Fred Segal (/wiki/Fred_Segal) . [1] (#cite_note-lastory-1) According to the brand, its products have been worn by celebrities like Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , Brad Pitt (/wiki/Brad_Pitt) , David LaChapelle (/wiki/David_LaChapelle) , Drew Barrymore (/wiki/Drew_Barrymore) , Lenny Kravitz (/wiki/Lenny_Kravitz) , Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) , Kevin Dillon (/wiki/Kevin_Dillon) , [1] (#cite_note-lastory-1) Steven Tyler (/wiki/Steven_Tyler) , Robert De Niro (/wiki/Robert_De_Niro) , Kim Basinger (/wiki/Kim_Basinger) , Nicolas Cage (/wiki/Nicolas_Cage) and others. [5] (#cite_note-luxe-5) Kristin Cavallari (/wiki/Kristin_Cavallari) wore the Beryll "Air" sunglasses on The Hills (/wiki/The_Hills_(TV_series)) Season 6 Ep.1. [6] (#cite_note-cavllari-6) Other sunglasses have been worn by Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) , Anna Pacquin (/wiki/Anna_Pacquin) , [4] (#cite_note-perrier-4) Sharon Stone (/wiki/Sharon_Stone) , and Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) . [7] (#cite_note-expert-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Wilson, Stevie (February 10, 2010). "Celeb Style Spotting: New +Beryll Crystal Sunglasses Are a Celeb FAVE!!" (http://la-story.com/2010/02/celeb-style-spotting-new-beryll-crystal-sunglasses-are-a-celeb-fave/) . L.A. Story (/wiki/L.A._Story) . Retrieved March 12, 2013 . ^ a b Farabee, Mindy (June 5, 2008). "Sigmar Berg at Ambrogi-Castanier Gallery: Developing a different perspective" (http://www.latimes.com/features/la-gd-art5-2008jun05,0,6883431.story) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved March 12, 2013 . ^ a b Harding, Jack (July 7, 2012). "Beryll" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131203024044/http://ohwowyouworethat.com/beryll/) . Oh Wow You Wore That. Archived from the original (http://ohwowyouworethat.com/beryll/) on December 3, 2013 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 . ^ a b c d e Loftus, Karen (February 27, 2012). "Beryll: Bauhaus Influenced Sunglasses" (https://archive.today/20130411204055/http://societeperrier.com/los-angeles/articles/beryll-bauhaus-influenced-sunglasses/%23.UR6G6eg-L2c#.UR6G6eg-L2c) . Societe Perrier. Archived from the original (http://societeperrier.com/los-angeles/articles/beryll-bauhaus-influenced-sunglasses/#.UR6G6eg-L2c) on April 11, 2013. ^ a b "+Beryll Opens First Flagship Store" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120625024525/http://www.luxeinacity.com/blog/beryll-opens-first-flagship-store/#.UR6GBug-L2c) . Luxe In A City: Curated Luxury. Archived from the original (http://www.luxeinacity.com/blog/beryll-opens-first-flagship-store/#.UR6GBug-L2c) on June 25, 2012 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-cavllari_6-0) "Kristin Cavallari Sunglasses" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130328124834/http://www.celebrity-sunglasses-finder.com/Kristin-Cavallari-Sunglasses.html) . Celebrity Sunglasses Finder. Archived from the original (http://www.celebrity-sunglasses-finder.com/Kristin-Cavallari-Sunglasses.html) on March 28, 2013 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-expert_7-0) "Veronica's Vacation Gear: Beryll's Kelly Sunglasses" (https://archive.today/20130410165536/http://www.californiatravelexpert.com/Beryll_Kelly_Sunglasses.shtml) . Travel Expert.com – California. Archived from the original (http://www.californiatravelexpert.com/Beryll_Kelly_Sunglasses.shtml) on April 10, 2013 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 . 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British footwear company Rayne Shoes Limited Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry clothing accessories Predecessor H. & M. Rayne Founded 1899 ; 125 years ago ( 1899 ) in London, Endland Founder Henry Rayne, Mary Rayne Defunct 2003 ( 2003 ) Fate relaunched 2013, dissolved 2023 Successor Rayne Shoes Limited Headquarters Fiesso d'Artico, Venice , Italy Key people Luisella Anna Rayne, Nicholas Edward Rayne Products Theatrical costumes; from 1920s shoes Website rayneshoes (https://rayneshoes.co.uk/) .co (https://rayneshoes.co.uk/) .uk (https://rayneshoes.co.uk/) Rayne (also known as H. & M. Rayne ) was a British manufacturer known for high-end and couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) shoes. Founded in 1899 as a theatrical costumier, it diversified into fashion shoes in the 1920s. [1] (#cite_note-FTM_Rayne-1) Its biggest successes came when the grandson of the founders Edward Rayne (/wiki/Edward_Rayne) took charge of the firm in 1952, with further international expansion and strong markets in the United States and France. His input to the brand ended in 1987, when Rayne was sold to David and Rosie Graham. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_63101-2) The company ceased trading in 2003 but was relaunched in 2013 with designs created by Laurence Dacade (/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Dacade&action=edit&redlink=1) . [3] (#cite_note-Harper's_Johannson-3) Rayne was holder of a Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) to Queen Mary (/wiki/Mary_of_Teck) , Queen Mother (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) , and the Queen (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) , also supplying the shoes worn by the Queen, Princess Margaret (/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon) , and Princess Anne (/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal) on their wedding days. [ citation needed ] It created the shoes worn by Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) in the film Cleopatra (/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)) , as well as supplying footwear to many other film stars, from Marlene Dietrich (/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich) to Brigitte Bardot (/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot) . [4] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Mowbray-4) Company history [ edit ] H. & M Rayne was founded in 1889 as a theatrical costumier by Henry and Mary Rayne and located close to The Old Vic (/wiki/The_Old_Vic) in Lambeth (/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth) . Early clients included Ballets Russes (/wiki/Ballets_Russes) , Anna Pavlova (/wiki/Anna_Pavlova) and Vaslav Nijinsky (/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky) . [1] (#cite_note-FTM_Rayne-1) Its reputation earned it clients across society – it made shoes for actress and Edward VII (/wiki/Edward_VII) 's mistress Lillie Langtry (/wiki/Lillie_Langtry) ; later it made shoes for Queen Mary, who awarded the company the first of its three Royal Warrants. [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) Henry and Mary Rayne's son Joseph inherited the shoe side of the business and opened a store at 58 New Bond Street (/wiki/Bond_Street) in 1920, capitalising on the trend for shoes as a fashion item. However, initially it was still known as a theatrical costumier – a December 1920 report in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) detailed how goods to the value of approximately £479 had been stolen from the theatrical store's Bond Street premises, comprising two pairs of 'dandy' shoes, one pair of bronze shoes, paste buckles and 204 pairs of women's silk stockings. [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) [6] (#cite_note-The_Times_42597-6) During this era, it also had a store at 15 Rupert Street, just off Shaftesbury Avenue (/wiki/Shaftesbury_Avenue) . [7] (#cite_note-The_Times_43140-7) By 1928 the company had become a PLC (/wiki/Public_Limited_Company) . [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) Its retail activities were highlighted in a 1929 report to shareholders, with the company noting that its retail presence via its own stores helped to maintain even output in manufacturing, overcoming the traditional footwear-market problem of fixed 'seasons' followed by downturns in wholesale trade. [8] (#cite_note-The_Times_45110.-8) In 1936 – during the height of the Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) – the company sought to raise additional share capital in order to fund expansion of manufacturing capacity and capitalise on an agreement with Delman (/wiki/Frost_Bros.) of New York. [9] (#cite_note-The_Times_47314-9) In 1951, the shareholders' meeting reported increased profits of £72,070, despite difficult world trading conditions and rumours of a proposed reduction in UK purchase tax (/wiki/Purchase_tax) . [10] (#cite_note-The_Times_51889-10) Change of leadership [ edit ] Joseph Rayne died in 1952 and his son Edward became chairman of the family firm at the age of 29. [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) He had inherited a successful company with a healthy balance sheet that was very much part of the British society dress code. A pair of flat pumps (/wiki/Ballet_shoes) with a bow originally designed for the actress Gertrude Lawrence (/wiki/Gertrude_Lawrence) had remained the company's bestselling line for 50 years, worn by society and theatricals alike. [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) The company was active as an exporter – its shoes were sold to 12 countries – and had high-profile clients such as Vivien Leigh (/wiki/Vivien_Leigh) , Ava Gardner (/wiki/Ava_Gardner) and Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) who were paying up to £40 for a pair of Rayne shoes. [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) Although Edward Rayne was young, he had been schooled in shoemaking from the age of 16. Excluded from war (/wiki/World_War_II) service because of his poor eyesight, he had undertaken a long apprenticeship at H. & M. Rayne's factory in King's Cross (/wiki/Kings_Cross,_London) . [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) Rayne was able to capitalise on that existing foothold and a decade after he took over the firm he established a joint venture with US shoe firm Delman, giving Rayne a presence in New York's Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) . [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) This link capitalised on the strong relationship that had begun between the two companies in the 1930s; [9] (#cite_note-The_Times_47314-9) Rayne's 1954 review to shareholders noted that the company's three shops, Rayne and Delman in Bond Street and Rayne in Regent Street (/wiki/Regent_Street) had produced record profits. [11] (#cite_note-The_Times_52820-11) 1960s developments [ edit ] Edward Rayne expanded the Rayne business in the early 1960s, beginning an association with Genesco (/wiki/Genesco) in the United States and also buying a 49 per cent stake in the British company of John Plant and its subsidiary Butlers. [12] (#cite_note-The_Times_55171-12) Stage designer Oliver Messel (/wiki/Oliver_Messel) was enlisted to create the interior of the new Delman-branded store for H. & M. Rayne in Bond Street in 1960. As Alison Settle (/wiki/Alison_Settle) noted, whereas upmarket shoe stores had been discreet enclaves dressed with curtains and pot plants – with shoes consigned to underground stores – this refit incorporated display stands and cases, some of them illuminated, to show off hundreds of pairs of shoes. Her article in The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) said: "Mr Messel and Mr Rayne are at one in thinking that shoes to buy should be as easy to see and handle as books in a library". [13] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Settle-13) The Rayne brand's reputation for supplying shoes to royalty continued; at the marriage of Princess Margaret (/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon) to Messel's nephew Antony Armstrong-Jones (/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon) in 1960, the senior female royal party (Queen Mother, Queen, Princess Margaret) were all clad in Rayne shoes. [14] (#cite_note-The_Times_54765.-14) [15] (#cite_note-The_Times_54764-15) By 1960, the shoes designed by Roger Vivier (/wiki/Roger_Vivier) for Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) were made at Rayne's UK factory and personally supervised by Edward Rayne. [13] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Settle-13) Four years later, Vivier began selling Rayne brand shoes in his Rue François store in Paris. [16] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Tinling-16) The company also stayed in tune with mainstream direction of fashion – Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) shoes were first displayed in its flagship store. The company also retained a stake in the mass market, with an interest in both H.E. Randall and Lotus chainstores. [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) By 1966, Rayne was showcasing what were known as 'Young Design quartet' – Jean Muir (/wiki/Jean_Muir) , Roger Nelson, Moya Bowler (/wiki/Moya_Bowler) and Gerald McCann (/wiki/Gerald_McCann_(fashion_designer)) – capitalising on London's thirst for younger designers by getting them to design fashionable shoes in a more affordable price bracket, with designs being sold in Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) and some high-street shoe shops. [17] (#cite_note-Guardian_McCarthy-17) Rayne also maintained a strong foothold in the couture end of shoe production – indeed his role as chair of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers (/wiki/Incorporated_Society_of_London_Fashion_Designers) from 1960 meant his shoes were shown as part of the twice annual fashion events held by the society. [18] (#cite_note-ernestine-18) He also enlisted designers such as Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) to create shoes for Rayne. [1] (#cite_note-FTM_Rayne-1) 1970s and closure [ edit ] By 1970, Rayne shoes were included in the Molyneux (/wiki/Edward_Molyneux) collection – with The Guardian reporting that it was thought to be the first time a French couture house had used branded British shoes. In autumn of that year, Rayne opened its own store in Paris – said to be the first shoemaker to do so since Lobb (/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker) . [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) [19] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_210770-19) Rayne was also designing shoes for other French designers, including Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) and Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(company)) , while in the UK it had recruited designers such as Bill Gibb (/wiki/Bill_Gibb) . [1] (#cite_note-FTM_Rayne-1) In 1975, Rayne was sold to the department-store chain Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) . Edward Rayne joined the boards of Debenhams and Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) . [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_64251-5) Debenhams was sold to Burton Group (/wiki/Arcadia_Group) in 1985, and two years later Rayne was acquired by the businessman David Graham and his wife Rose. [2] (#cite_note-The_Times_63101-2) The company ceased trading in 2003. [3] (#cite_note-Harper's_Johannson-3) The contribution of H. & M. Rayne – especially under Edward Rayne's leadership – was showcased in an exhibition held at the Fashion and Textile Museum (/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum) in 2015. [20] (#cite_note-FTM_exhibition_note-20) Rayne shoes are held in several archives, including the Metropolitan Museum (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum) in New York and the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London. Relaunch effort [ edit ] The company was relaunched in 2013 with designs created by Laurence Dacade [3] (#cite_note-Harper's_Johannson-3) although all shoe manufacturing was now done in Italy. Ducade was succeeded by Ernesto Esposito in 2016. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2019 the company was granted a royal warrant (/wiki/Royal_warrant_of_appointment_(United_Kingdom)) by Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) . [22] (#cite_note-22) The relaunch effort, however, could not be sustained and the Autumn/Winter 2022 collection was its last. The company applied for dissolution in August 2023 and was formally struck off the company registry in November. [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "An Afternoon with Rayne Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150612002849/http://ftmlondon.org/talk-event/an-afternoon-with-rayne-shoes/) . ftmlondon.org . Fashion and Textile Museum. Archived from the original (http://ftmlondon.org/talk-event/an-afternoon-with-rayne-shoes/) on 12 June 2015 . Retrieved 1 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "It's Shoe Business". The Times . No. 63101. 7 June 1988. ^ Jump up to: a b c Johansson, Lottie (18 December 2014). "Q&A WITH LAURENCE DACADE OF RAYNE" (http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/fashion/fashion-news/q-and-a-with-laurence-dacade-of-rayne-shoe-designer) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 10 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_Mowbray_4-0) Mowbray, Nicole (25 April 2015). "Top London museums focus on our obsession with the shoe" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/apr/25/top-london-museums-focus-on-our-obsession-with-the-shoe) . The Observer . Retrieved 10 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Obituaries: Sir Edward Rayne". The Times . No. 64251. 10 February 1992. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_42597_6-0) "News in Brief". The Times . 18 December 1920. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_43140_7-0) "Style – The Temptress (advertisement)". The Times . No. 43140. 19 September 1922. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_45110._8-0) "H & M Rayne Ltd – Satisfactory Progress". The Times . No. 45110. 25 January 1929. ^ Jump up to: a b "New Capital for Boot and Shoe Company". The Times . No. 47314. 4 March 1936. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_51889_10-0) "H & M Rayne Limited: Dividend of 30 Per Cent". The Times . No. 51889. 3 January 1951. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_52820_11-0) "H. & M. Rayne: Mr Edward Rayne's Review". The Times . No. 52820. 4 January 1954. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_55171_12-0) "Company News". The Times . No. 55171. 28 August 1961. ^ Jump up to: a b Settle, Alison (1 May 1960). "Reading the Name in the Shoes". The Observer . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_54765._14-0) "Gossamer Silk in Wedding Dres". The Times . No. 54765. 7 May 1960. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_54764_15-0) "Dresses for the Abbey: Dignified Simplicity of the Queen's Dress". The Times . No. 54764. 6 May 1960. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Tinling_16-0) Tinling, Teddy (21 February 1964). "View of Fashion". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_McCarthy_17-0) MacCarthy, Fiona (2 March 1966). "Shoe Group". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-ernestine_18-0) Carter, Ernestine; Ryan, Ann (1974). With tongue in chic . London: Joseph. pp. 185–6. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0718112989 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_210770_19-0) Aldburgham, Alison (21 July 1970). "Story by Alison Adburgham drawings by May Routh". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-FTM_exhibition_note_20-0) "RAYNE shoes for stars" (http://ftmlondon.org/ftm-exhibitions/rayne-shoes-for-stars/) . ftmlondon.org . Fashion and Textile Museum . Retrieved 8 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Abel, Katie (18 May 2016). "Rayne Taps Ernesto Esposito To Help Revive Label" (https://footwearnews.com/shoes/rayne-ernesto-esposito-laurence-dacade-designer-shoes-label-222460/#!) . FootwearNews.com . Fairchild Publishing, LLC . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Imms, Katie (3 April 2019). "Rayne Shoes gets royal seal of approval" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/rayne-shoes-gets-royal-seal-of-approval) . Drapersoline.com . EMAP Publishing Limited . Retrieved 13 May 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Rayne Shoes application for strike off" (https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08794445/filing-history) . Companies House services . Government Digital Service, United Kingdom . Retrieved 18 November 2023 . External links [ edit ] 1960s Rayne evening shoes in the V&A collection (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O84570/pair-of-evening-rayne/) 1970s Rayne sandals in the Metropolitan Museum of Art collection (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/80879) Sketch of theatrical costume, including Rayne shoes, from V&A archive (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1174859/emile-littler-archive-costume-design-comelli-attilio/) Sir Edward Rayne (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Pi-Ro/Rayne-Sir-Edward.html) on Fashionencylopaedia Further reading [ edit ] Pick, Michael (2015). Rayne: Shoes For Stars . ACC Editions. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1851497935 . 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Indian model (born 1969) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jaya_Mahesh) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Jaya_Mahesh) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Jaya_Mahesh) . ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . 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( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Jaya Mahesh [1] (#cite_note-1) Born ( 1969-02-14 ) 14 February 1969 (age 55) Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Coimbatore,_Tamil_Nadu) , India Nationality Indian Education Bachelor of Commerce (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Commerce) Occupation(s) Fitness Therapist, Fashion Model Years active 1996–present Website www (http://www.drjayamahesh.com/home.html) .drjayamahesh (http://www.drjayamahesh.com/home.html) .com (http://www.drjayamahesh.com/home.html) /home (http://www.drjayamahesh.com/home.html) .html (http://www.drjayamahesh.com/home.html) Jayashree Chandramohan popularly known as Jaya Mahesh is an Indian pageant winner, model and fitness therapist. [2] (#cite_note-2) She was born into a Tamil family in South Indian (/wiki/South_India) city Coimbatore (/wiki/Coimbatore_district) . She was a homemaker before overcoming her post-pregnancy health issues (/wiki/Complications_of_pregnancy) [3] (#cite_note-3) and starting her career. [4] (#cite_note-dailybhaskar-4) [5] (#cite_note-INDIA-5) Background and family [ edit ] Jaya Mahesh was born in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Coimbatore,_Tamil_Nadu) , India into a Tamil (/wiki/Tamils) family. She did her schooling at GRG Matriculation Higher Secondary School (/wiki/GRG_Matriculation_Higher_Secondary_School) in Coimbatore (/wiki/Coimbatore) . She went on to graduate in B.Com from PSGR Krishnammal (/wiki/PSGR_Krishnammal_College_for_Women) College in Coimbatore. She is married to Mahesh Kumar G a business professional in the year 1995 and has one daughter Sanjana M Kumar. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] Jaya Mahesh was suffering from Post Pregnancy trauma and abnormal weight gain. [4] (#cite_note-dailybhaskar-4) She gained over 118 kilograms (260 lb) after her pregnancy. She also lost her eyesight due to her abnormal weight gain. She overcame her personal struggles with support from her husband and children - as she quotes, [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) she framed her own routines of food and exercise habits. Jaya Mahesh had her first big success and recognition when she was crowned Mrs. Coimbatore in the year 2006. She went on to win and crowned as Mrs. India Earth Classic [7] (#cite_note-7) in the year 2016. Jaya Mahesh was recently adjudged the third runner up at Mrs Globe Classic event in California. She also bagged the Mrs. Photogenic crown. [8] (#cite_note-8) Vice President of Shambhuka Foundation Awards and recognition [ edit ] Year Award Category Title 2006 Mrs. Coimbatore Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Mrs. Coimbatore [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) 2016 Mrs. India Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Mrs. India Earth Classic [5] (#cite_note-INDIA-5) 2018 Mrs. Photogenic Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Mrs. Globe Classic [9] (#cite_note-9) 2019 Icon of Coimbatore Fitness (/wiki/Physical_fitness) Icon of Coimbatore [10] (#cite_note-10) 2019 Kovai Wonder Women 2K19 Fitness (/wiki/Physical_fitness) Kovi Wonder Women iCON [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Jaya Mahesh City's Fitness Therapist - New Indian Express" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180922013911/http://indulge.newindianexpress.com/manipulate-the-inches/section/10787) . Archived from the original (http://indulge.newindianexpress.com/manipulate-the-inches/section/10787) on 22 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sun TV, Fitness Guru. "Sun TV Fitness Guru" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXfZyp7Em2U) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "City's fitness therapist crowned 'Mrs India Earth' - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Citys-fitness-therapist-crowned-Mrs-India-Earth/articleshow/54666469.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 4 June 2018 . ^ a b "This Beauty Queen Who Bagged The 'Mrs. India' Title, Once Weighed A Whopping 118 Kilos; Here's How She Went From Being Fat To Fit" (https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/TOP-mrs-india-jaya-mahesh-5527717-PHO.html) . dailybhaskar . 13 February 2017 . Retrieved 4 June 2018 . ^ a b INDIA, MRS. "Mrs INDIA Earth ® \| 2017" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141840/http://www.mrsindiaearth.com/Winners_page.php?CatId=23) . www.mrsindiaearth.com . Archived from the original (http://www.mrsindiaearth.com/Winners_page.php?CatId=23) on 12 June 2018 . Retrieved 4 June 2018 . ^ a b "An Awe-Inspiring Woman Achiever - Jaya Mahesh" (http://www.shopzters.com/blogs/best-of-best/an-awe-inspiring-woman-achiever-jaya-mahesh) . Retrieved 4 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "A winning contribution" (http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fashion/A-winning-contribution/article15273951.ece) . The Hindu . 5 October 2016. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 4 June 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Philip, Susan Joe (22 June 2018). "Stretching out to happiness" (https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/jaya-mahesh-returns-from-the-mrs-globe-classic-pageant-with-many-accolades/article24231080.ece) . The Hindu . ^ (#cite_ref-9) INDIA (22 June 2018). "Mrs Globe Classic \| 2018" (https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/jaya-mahesh-returns-from-the-mrs-globe-classic-pageant-with-many-accolades/article24231080.ece) . The Hindu . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Icon of Coimbatore" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/icons-of-coimbatore-award-presented/article26371515.ece) . The Hindu . 28 February 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Kovi Wonder Women 2K19" (https://epaper.newindianexpress.com/2060549/The-New-Indian-Express-Coimbatore/09032019#page/2/1) . The New Indian Express . 9 March 2019. 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Submission declined on 24 January 2024 by Robert McClenon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Robert_McClenon) ). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. The proposed article does not have sufficient content to require an article of its own, but it could be merged into the existing article at Skye Drynan (/wiki/Skye_Drynan) . 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22House+of+Skye%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22House+of+Skye%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22House+of+Skye%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22House+of+Skye%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22House+of+Skye%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22House+of+Skye%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22House+of+Skye%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22House+of+Skye%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:House_of_Skye) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:House_of_Skye&defaults=y) Declined by Robert McClenon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) 5 months ago. Last edited by JCW-CleanerBot (/wiki/User:JCW-CleanerBot) 3 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Deondernemers&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: This draft is written from the viewpoint of the company, focusing on what the company says about itself. Corporate notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:NCORP) is based on what independent reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) have written about the subject. Not every business corporation is notable, and this draft does not establish corporate notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:NCORP) . You may ask for advice about corporate notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:NCORP) at the Teahouse (/wiki/Wikipedia:TEA) . Robert McClenon (/wiki/User:Robert_McClenon) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Robert_McClenon) ) 02:14, 24 January 2024 (UTC) Online fashion retailer House of Skye is an online lingerie and clothing retailer. [1] (#cite_note-1) Founded by Skye Drynan (/wiki/Skye_Drynan) in 2016, [2] (#cite_note-2) their garments have been worn by celebrities, including Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) , and Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) . [3] (#cite_note-3) They have a store in Whitefish, (/wiki/Whitefish,_Montana) [4] (#cite_note-4) and various "pop-up" locations in the United States. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Skye Drynan's House Of Skye becomes the next female-run fashion prodigy" (https://www.glamour.co.za/fashion/skye-drynans-house-of-skye-becomes-the-next-female-run-fashion-prodigy-8647bbec-6fd4-4af6-9b32-181aa5f88941) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Staff, Us Weekly (2022-09-23). "Skye Yayoi Drynan Unveils Revolutionary Bareback intimates Line" (https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/skye-yayoi-drynan-unveils-revolutionary-bareback-intimates-line/) . Us Weekly . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Tarihi, Giris. "The Future is Female with Skye Drynan's House of Skye" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com.tr/moda/2022/02/01/the-future-is-female-with-skye-drynans-house-of-skye) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) ENGLER, JULIE (2023-01-22). "A new generation of unique — House of Skye opens in Whitefish" (https://dailyinterlake.com/news/2023/jan/22/new-generation-unique-house-skye-opens-whitefish/) . Daily Inter Lake . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) ENGLER, JULIE (2022-11-09). "Quirky downtown store served as a home for the community" (https://whitefishpilot.com/news/2022/nov/09/quirky-downtown-store-served-home-community/) . Whitefish Pilot . Retrieved 2024-01-19 . 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World War II postwoman who changed dress-code Jean Cameron Born 1921/22 Nationality Scottish Occupation postwoman Years active 1940s Employer General Post Office (/wiki/General_Post_Office) now known as Royal Mail (/wiki/Royal_Mail) Known for changing the uniform for women postal workers to include trousers (named after her as 'Camerons') Jean Cameron (b. 1921/22 [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) – ), was a World War II Scottish rural postwoman who, at the age of 19, successfully challenged and changed the dress-code for postwomen to permit the wearing of trousers. The uniform trousers were known as 'Camerons' in her honour. Films were made on her successful action in 1944 and 2021. She is named in the Royal Mail (/wiki/Royal_Mail) 500 years archive (2017), [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) and in the Kirriemuir (/wiki/Kirriemuir) town (2021) community art project, Signs of Change . [4] (#cite_note-:6-4) Background [ edit ] During World War II (/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II#United_Kingdom) , women took on roles previously dominated by men, in the United Kingdom. This included serving what was then called the General Post Office (/wiki/General_Post_Office) , now Royal Mail. Jean Cameron, the postwoman who served in Glen Clova (/wiki/Five_Glens_of_Angus) , a rural area, had asked to wear trousers. In 1941 she had persuaded the management that the official uniform be changed for the first time, to allow postwomen to wear a skirt or trousers. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Within two months of the option being available, 500 pairs were ordered, by November 1943, 14,000 pairs of what had become known as 'Camerons' had been issued, [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) then all 16,000 postwomen were sent a pair of the trousers. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Glen Clova - general view As Glen Clova ' postie (/wiki/Mail_carrier) ', Cameron had a long route and tough terrain to deliver mail, shopping and urgent telegrams, either by bicycle or on foot; she had to cross burns (streams) and stone stiles, as well as walking rough rocky paths or muddy bogs. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) A war-time newsreel titled ' Mail and the Female. A Highland Postie Starts a Fashion ' showed postbags of trousers being delivered to all 16,000 female posties. It includes scenes of Cameron travelling through snow by bicycle, and then crossing a river on foot, in her trouser uniform. It also showed the postwomen in their 'Camerons', starting their mail round in bomb-damaged London. It included a re-enactment of a phone-call between Cameron and the District Postmaster (/wiki/Postmaster) , when he asks what skirt size she needs for her uniform, Cameron replies that she would 'prefer trousers', in Scots 'breeks'. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) Another 1944 film, The Coming of the Camerons, directed by amateur, Frank M. Marshall, which told her story, was Highly commended in 1945 by the Institute of Amateur Cinematographers, [7] (#cite_note-7) and highlighted the importance of post in wartime, including a minister whose son was a prisoner of war, or remote farmers relying on the 'postie' for newspaper & shopping. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) A section on Cameron's impact on women's rights was included in a 2021 BBC documentary covering the river South Esk (/wiki/River_South_Esk) . [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) Reaction [ edit ] When interviewed for film in 1944, Cameron said that 'thousands of posties' would be dressing like this in future. 'But I was the first, and I shouldn't be a woman if I wasn't pleased to be the first to start a fashion.' [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Women wearing trousers in the 1940s was seen as controversial, although they did so in more roles, for practical reasons, as the war went on. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Picture Post (/wiki/Picture_Post) carried the story and joked 'it is not a question so much, 'should women wear trousers', the answer obviously being yes, but 'when, where and how'. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The design of the 'Camerons' was in line with the red and blue postal uniform [8] (#cite_note-8) and were quickly popular with female staff. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [9] (#cite_note-9) Commemoration [ edit ] In 2016-17, Cameron was celebrated as one of the Scots who 'helped shape the 500-year history of the Royal Mail'. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) As part of a community art project in Kirriemuir, Cameron was chosen as one of the 'trailblazers' to be commemorated. [4] (#cite_note-:6-4) In 2021, Cameron was described in a BBC documentary as having 'revolutionised female fashion in the workplace' and having described her ideal uniform requirements for the rough route she travelled in the glen, as 'a sturdy pair of breeks'. [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) External links [ edit ] The Coming of the Camerons (film 1944) by Frank M. Marshall (amateur cinematographer) from Scotland on Screen shows Cameron cycling in trousers on her rounds, then delivery of her uniform 'Camerons' in rural Glen Clova [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Worker and War Front magazine (film 1944) by Ministry of Information (/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)) , Paul Rotha (/wiki/Paul_Rotha) Productions starts at 10:03:16 Mail and the Female. A Highland Postie Starts a Fashion' [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Royal Mail 500 years (website) People - Jean Cameron (born 1921/22) (http://500years.royalmailgroup.com/gallery/?theme=People##items) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) A BBC documentary about the River North Esk (/wiki/River_North_Esk,_Angus) , includes a section describing Cameron's impact. Starts at 7m38s. [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) An image of Jean Cameron in uniform checking an envelope ( NOTE: this is only for commercial sale) [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "500 years of Royal Mail" (http://500years.royalmailgroup.com/gallery/?theme=People##items) . 500years.royalmailgroup.com . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Wearing the Trousers" (https://www.postalmuseum.org/blog/wearing-the-trousers/) . The Postal Museum . 7 March 2017 . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Grand Tours of Scotland's Rivers - Series 1: 5. Going the Distance , retrieved 9 December 2021 ^ Jump up to: a b Strachan, Graeme. "From wrestler Bill Dundee to pioneering postie Jean Cameron: Murals celebrate Kirriemuir trailblazers" (https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/past-times/2600068/kirriemuir-trailblazers/) . The Courier . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Information, Ministry of (1 September 1944). "WORKER AND WAR-FRONT MAGAZINE ISSUE NO 12 [Main Title]" (https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060005162) . Imperial War Museums . UKY 812 . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Coming of the Camerons \| Scotland on Screen" (https://scotlandonscreen.org.uk/browse-films/the-coming-of-the-camerons) . scotlandonscreen.org.uk . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Coming of the 'Camerons' (https://docudays.ua//eng/2021/movies/trubaduri-kino-shotlandiya-i-ukraina/poiava-kameroniv/) " (https://docudays.ua//eng/2021/movies/trubaduri-kino-shotlandiya-i-ukraina/poiava-kameroniv/) . docudays.ua . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Camerons (c.1943)" (http://500years.royalmailgroup.com/gallery/the-camerons-c1943/) . 500years.royalmailgroup.com . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Wolverhampton postwomen leaving to start their rounds" (https://photo-archive.expressandstar.co.uk/collections/getrecord/GB149_D-EXP_P_W95W_15) . photo-archive.expressandstar.co.uk . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Morris, Bridget (4 January 2016). "Celebrating great Scots who helped shaped 500-year history of Royal Mail" (https://www.thenational.scot/news/14901185.celebrating-great-scots-who-helped-shaped-500-year-history-of-royal-mail/) . The National . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Price, Mike (5 January 2016). "Royal Mail celebrates 500 years with an online gallery" (https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/gallery/royal-mail-celebrates-500-years-10686619) . Liverpool Echo . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Scottish postwoman Jean Cameron checks the address on a letter during..." (https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/scottish-postwoman-jean-cameron-checks-the-address-on-a-news-photo/1308603526) Getty Images . Retrieved 9 December 2021 . 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Swedish mitten inventor Erika Aittamaa Born Maria Erika Olofsdotter Kruukka ( 1866-02-22 ) 22 February 1866 Junosuando (/wiki/Junosuando) , Sweden Died 15 December 1952 (1952-12-15) (aged 86) Junosuando (/wiki/Junosuando) , Sweden Nationality Swedish Maria Erika Olofsdotter Aittamaa (22 February 1866 – 15 December 1952) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) was a Swedish artisan (/wiki/Artisan) of Tornedalian (/wiki/Tornedalians) descent, famed as the inventor of the Lovikkavante (/wiki/Lovikkavante) mitten. Aittamaa was born to a poor family with many children. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) A part of the Finnic Meänkieli (/wiki/Me%C3%A4nkieli) -speaking population of the Norrbotten County (/wiki/Norrbotten_County) in northern Sweden, [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) she lived in Lovikka with her husband and children and started to sell mittens to make money. In 1892 she invented the Lovikkavante (/wiki/Lovikkavante) , a special kind of mittens. [3] (#cite_note-bit-3) Demand for Erika's mittens became so great that she taught others how to make them. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) During the 1930s a local teacher found that she could patent the design. The process however cost money and although the teacher found people who would fund the cost, Aittamaa refused to take charity. [3] (#cite_note-bit-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Erika Kruukka Aittamaa" (http://www.kvinnofronten.nu/Formodrar/erika-aittamaa.htm) . www.kvinnofronten.nu . Retrieved 2022-07-28 . ^ a b Sjöman, Anders (2022-05-10). "Erika Aittamaa, Lovikka (1892)" (https://www.foretagskallan.se/foretagskallan-nyheter/lektionsmaterial/erika-aittamaa-lovikka-1892/) . Företagskällan (in Swedish) . Retrieved 2022-07-28 . ^ a b "Erika Aittamaa - Lovikkavanten" (https://www.tekniskamuseet.se/lar-dig-mer/svenska-uppfinnare-och-innovatorer/erika-aittamaa-lovikkavanten/) . Tekniska museet (in Swedish) . Retrieved 2017-05-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Maria Erika Olofsdotter Kruukka's 150th Birthday" (https://doodles.google/doodle/maria-erika-olofsdotter-kruukkas-150th-birthday/) . Google . 22 February 2016. Further reading [ edit ] Erika Aittamaa (http://www.skbl.se/en/article/ErikaAittamaa) at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon (/wiki/Svenskt_kvinnobiografiskt_lexikon) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists KulturNav (http://kulturnav.org/b753bc25-2ab2-44e8-9aee-2eae7f52b936) This Swedish biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Brazilian model (born 13 May 1991) This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Francisco Lachowski" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Francisco+Lachowski%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Francisco+Lachowski%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Francisco+Lachowski%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Francisco+Lachowski%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Francisco+Lachowski%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Francisco+Lachowski%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Francisco Pichicona Lachowski Lachowski in 2011 Born Francisco Lachowski ( 1991-05-13 ) 13 May 1991 (age 33) Curitiba (/wiki/Curitiba) , Paraná (/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)) , Brazil Other names Chico Occupation Model Spouse Jessiann Gravel Beland ( m. 2013) Children 2 Modeling information Height 1.8923 m (6 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) [1] (#cite_note-dmanagement-1) Hair color Brown [2] (#cite_note-ford-2) Eye color Light Brown [2] (#cite_note-ford-2) Agency Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) (New York) Marilyn Agency (/wiki/Marilyn_Agency) (Paris) d'management group (/w/index.php?title=D%27management_group&action=edit&redlink=1) (Milan) Chapter Management (/w/index.php?title=Chapter_Management&action=edit&redlink=1) (London) Sight Management Studio (/w/index.php?title=Sight_Management_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1) (Barcelona) PMA (/w/index.php?title=Promod_Model_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamburg) Mega Model Brasil (/w/index.php?title=Mega_Model_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1) (São Paulo) Francisco "Chico" Lachowski ( Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsisku (/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese) lɐˈʃɔviski] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Polish: [laˈxɔfskʲi] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish) ; born 13 May 1991) [4] (#cite_note-4) is a Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilians) model. He has been featured in advertisements for a number of notable brands, including Dior Homme (/wiki/Dior_Homme) , Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Etro (/wiki/Etro) , L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) , Armani Exchange (/wiki/Armani_Exchange) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , and Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger_(company)) . He has been described as an "übermodel" by Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) [5] (#cite_note-5) and a "male model legend" by W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Early life [ edit ] Francisco Lachowski was born on May 13, 1991 in Curitiba (/wiki/Curitiba) , Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) to Roberto Lachowski, a Brazilian man who is of full Polish descent and Maria Lachowski who is of Portuguese and German descent. [7] (#cite_note-7) Lachowski has two sisters. [8] (#cite_note-8) Career [ edit ] Lachowski was first discovered at the age of 19, when his cousin Natalia invited him to participate in a small fashion show done by her school, where he was approached by an agency attended the Ford Men’s Supermodel of the World in 2008. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2009 Lachowski started to participate in the Milan and Paris fashion week walking for designers such as Gucci and Dior. [10] (#cite_note-10) He appeared on the Dior Homme advertising campaign in the same year. [11] (#cite_note-11) [ better source needed ] Lachowski began modeling after he won the Ford Men's Supermodel of the World contest in São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) in 2008, for which he was awarded a contract with Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) . [12] (#cite_note-NYMag-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) He has since walked for many notable fashion brands including Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Dior Homme (/wiki/Dior_Homme) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , DSquared² (/wiki/DSquared%C2%B2) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) , Armani (/wiki/Armani) , and Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) . He has appeared in campaigns for DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) , Armani Exchange (/wiki/Armani_Exchange) , Etro (/wiki/Etro) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , DSquared², Mavi Jeans (/wiki/Mavi_Jeans) , Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , and Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger_(company)) . He has appeared on the covers of several magazines, including Vanity Teen (/wiki/Vanity_Teen_(magazine)) , Homme Essential , Carbon Copy , Made in Brazil, Chaos, and L'Officiel Hommes . In addition, he has appeared in editorials for GQ (/wiki/GQ) , V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , and FHM (/wiki/FHM) . [12] (#cite_note-NYMag-12) Lachowski was awarded "Model of the Year: Men (Reader's Choice)" by models.com in 2016. [14] (#cite_note-14) He appeared in Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 's music video " Wolves (/wiki/Wolves_(Kanye_West_song)) " that same year. [15] (#cite_note-15) Personal life [ edit ] Lachowski met model Jessiann Gravel Beland in 2010, and the two were married in 2013. [16] (#cite_note-16) [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) They have two sons. In March 2019, Lachowski and his family published a portrait book in collaboration with photographer Ricardo Gomes. [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-dmanagement_1-0) "D'Management Group Profile – Francisco Lachowski" (https://www.dmanagementgroup.com/en/d-men/main?view=nwtalent&id=9030&sect=10&au=1) . D'Management Group Srl . Retrieved 22 June 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Ford Model Profile – Francisco Lachowski" (https://archive.today/20130102201835/http://models.fordmodels.com/models/7/talents/26609) . Ford Models. Archived from the original (http://models.fordmodels.com/models/7/talents/26609) on 2 January 2013 . Retrieved 2 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Francisco Lachowski: Entrevista em São Paulo (PT) . YouTube (in Portuguese). 12 May 2013 . Retrieved 20 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Meet the New Guy: Francisco Lachowski Was Shot by Karl Lagerfeld Wearing Nothing But Undies" (https://www.thecut.com/2010/07/meet_the_new_guy_francisco_lac.html) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . 22 July 2010 . Retrieved 20 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fury, Alexander. "Olivier Rousteing and His Casting Director Jess Hallett Discuss the Balmain Army's New Recruits for Spring 2017" (https://www.vogue.com/article/balmain-olivier-rousteing-francisco-lachowski-model-casting) . Vogue . Retrieved 6 June 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Model Dads: Meet the Male Model Legends Who Also Happen to Be Fathers" (https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/male-model-dads-fathers/) . W Magazine \| Women's Fashion & Celebrity News . Retrieved 6 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Interviews" (https://francisco-lachowski.weebly.com/interviews.html) . Francisco Lachowski . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Smith, Sabrina (19 December 2023). "Francisco Lachowski Bio, Early Life, Career, Net Worth and Salary" (https://metaunfolded.com/francisco-lachowski/) . Famous People Bio, Wiki, Age, Net Worth, Salary, Facts . Retrieved 6 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Letonja, Timotej (14 August 2023). "IN CONVERSATION WITH FRANCISCO LACHOWSKI" (https://www.numeromag.nl/in-conversation-with-francisco-lachowski/) . Numéro Netherlands . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Francisco Lachowski biography" (https://www.thefashionisto.com/male-models/francisco-lachowski/) . The Fashionisto . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) https://models.com/work/dior-homme-dior-homme-1 (https://models.com/work/dior-homme-dior-homme-1) ^ Jump up to: a b "Model Profile – Francisco Lachowskia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171024213059/http://nymag.com/fashion/models/flachowski/franciscolachowski/) . NYMag.com. Archived from the original (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/flachowski/franciscolachowski/) on 24 October 2017 . Retrieved 6 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "FORD Supermodel of the World 2008 – FranciscoLachowski.com" (http://www.franciscolachowski.com/ford-supermodel-of-the-world-2008/) . FranciscoLachowski.com . Retrieved 8 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Model of the Year Awards 2016 \| models.com MDX" (https://models.com/mdx/model-of-the-year-2016/) . MODELS.com . Retrieved 6 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Rense, Sarah (29 July 2016). "Kanye's 'Wolves' Video Features Everything Kanye Loves (Including Kanye)" (https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/news/a47174/watch-kanye-west-video-wolves/) . Esquire . Retrieved 6 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Ultimate Chico Magnet: Francisco "Chico" Lachowski" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/meet-the-ultimate-chico-magnet-francisco-chico-lachowski/) . Daily Front Row . 10 February 2017 . Retrieved 6 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "BOOK" (https://www.lachowskifamily.com/buy) . Lachowskifamily . Retrieved 6 June 2020 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francisco Lachowski (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francisco_Lachowski) . Francisco Lachowski (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7726788/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Francisco Lachowski (https://archive.today/20130102201835/http://models.fordmodels.com/models/7/talents/26609) on Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐82z7n Cached time: 20240720230510 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.596 seconds Real time usage: 0.761 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3726/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61154/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7905/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 68515/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.441/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 27292514/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 729.183 1 -total 37.49% 273.362 1 Template:Infobox_model 20.16% 147.023 1 Template:Reflist 16.86% 122.961 15 Template:Cite_web 16.01% 116.753 2 Template:IPA 16.00% 116.656 1 Template:IPA-pt 8.11% 59.148 1 Template:Primary_sources 7.54% 54.999 1 Template:Ambox 6.84% 49.908 1 Template:Short_description 6.70% 48.863 1 Template:Marriage Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31633622-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720230510 and revision id 1235732668. 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Indian fashion designer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Anamika_Khanna) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Anamika_Khanna) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article reads like a press release (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#PROMO) or a news article (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#NEWS) and may be largely based on routine coverage (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)#Routine_coverage) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anamika_Khanna&action=edit) and add independent sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) . ( October 2019 ) This article contains close paraphrasing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Close_paraphrasing) of a non-free copyrighted source, https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/india-couture-week-icw-2017-designer-anamika-khanna-talks-about-her-collection-luxury-2017-1471575.html (https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/india-couture-week-icw-2017-designer-anamika-khanna-talks-about-her-collection-luxury-2017-1471575.html) ( Copyvios report (https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikipedia&title=Anamika_Khanna&url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/india-couture-week-icw-2017-designer-anamika-khanna-talks-about-her-collection-luxury-2017-1471575.html) ) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Anamika_Khanna##) . Please help Wikipedia by rewriting this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anamika_Khanna&action=edit) with your own words. ( November 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Anamika Khanna Born ( 1971-07-19 ) 19 July 1971 (age 52) Nationality Indian Occupation Fashion designer Labels Anamika Khanna Ana-mika Anamika Khanna (born in Jodhpur (/wiki/Jodhpur) , 19 July 1971) is an Indian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) who operates from her studio situated in Kolkata (/wiki/Kolkata) . [1] (#cite_note-businessoffashion1-1) She has been covered by the Business of Fashion (BOF) for being the Indian designer who has blended traditional Indian textiles and techniques with Western silhouette and tailoring. [1] (#cite_note-businessoffashion1-1) She is the first Indian designer to have an International label: "Ana mika". [2] (#cite_note-2) Her creations are sold online and offline stores across India (/wiki/India) and abroad. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Before entering the fashion industry, Anamika was a classical dancer (/wiki/Indian_classical_dance) and painter. [5] (#cite_note-5) Career [ edit ] Khanna's career started in the year 1998. In 2003, she was invited to Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) to show her bridal collections as a part of Bridal Asia. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2004, she launched her international label: Ana mika, [7] (#cite_note-boldsky1-7) and showcased her collections at the Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) 's Grand Finale. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2005, she displayed her collection "The Botanist" at the Will's Fashion Wee Spring/Summer edition, [7] (#cite_note-boldsky1-7) and took part in the London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . She got exclusive contracts from British department store Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) and was covered by the magazines: Glamour (Paris), Vogue (October 2005 edition in UK) and Vogue Best Buy. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2007, she participated at the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) along with Manish Arora (/wiki/Manish_Arora) [10] (#cite_note-10) and in 2008 in the HDIL India Couture Week, [11] (#cite_note-11) presenting her signature cowl-shaped dresses that closely resembled the dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) worn by Mahatma Gandhi (/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) walked the ramp for the first time and she was wearing a golden cowl-shaped gown embellished with zardosi (/wiki/Zardosi) with a top adorned with Mukesh work. She also participated in the Will's Lifestyle Fashion Week Grand Finale Autumn/Winter edition. In 2009, she became the finale designer at the Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) (LFW) Fall/Winter edition. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2010, she took part in The India Premier London Fashion Week's Autumn/Winter collection. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2011, she showcased her creations at the Lakme Summer Resort. [15] (#cite_note-makeupandbeauty1-15) In 2012, at the Delhi Couture Week she showcased her signature dhoti-pants together with sari (/wiki/Sari) drapes and floor-length jackets. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2013, at the PCJ Delhi Couture Week, her collection had shararas, capes, gilets, vests and coats with a color combination of black, white and gold. Tribal jewellery designed by Suhani Pittie (/wiki/Suhani_Pittie) , Anamika's sister, was also a part of the collection. [17] (#cite_note-17) Khanna showcased her collection at Bvlgari (/wiki/Bvlgari) ’s India (/wiki/India) launch in 2014. [18] (#cite_note-18) She is also associated with Bvlgari (/wiki/Bvlgari) Singapore. She also introduced a number of trends in adorning oneself at the Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) Summer, 2015. Some examples include lip colours like dark burgundy and geometric shapes in the form of golden leaves starting from the temples and ending at the inner side of the cheekbones. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2016, for her show at India Couture Week she associated with Amrapali Jewellers, Jaipur to debut her jewellery collection. [20] (#cite_note-20) The line-up included everything from traditional naths (/wiki/Nose-jewel) to timeless polki (/wiki/Polki) . [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Celebrity associations [ edit ] Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) was seen wearing Khanna's creations at various red carpet events, including Cannes (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) red-carpet gala in 2013, Cannes 2014 and Cannes 2016. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) had worn Khanna's creation at Lakme Fashion Week 2015 and at various red carpet events. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) Kapoor's sister, Karishma (/wiki/Karisma_Kapoor) was also seen donning Khanna's label. [28] (#cite_note-28) Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) was seen on the red carpet at Jio MAMI 18th Mumbai Film Festival. [29] (#cite_note-29) Mira Rajput chose to wear Anamika Khanna lehenga at her wedding, she chose not just one but four outfits from the designer at her wedding. [30] (#cite_note-30) Sonakshi Sinha's curves are a beautiful platform to flaunt Anamika's creation. The most popular look of Sonakshi in Anamika's couture so far is her appearance at the IIFA awards in a lungi styled skirt paired with a short embellished jacket. [31] (#cite_note-idiva.com-31) Getting together for an event with Madhuri Dixit, Deepika Padukone looked suave beyond words in an Anamika Khanna off-white netted saree with a long cape jacket. [32] (#cite_note-32) Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) wore an Anamika Khanna saree at the Time 100 (/wiki/Time_100) Gala in New York in 2018. [33] (#cite_note-33) Shilpa Shetty, Sridevi, Madhuri Dixit, Alia Bhatt and Shraddha Kapoor have at least once graced an event in an Anamika Khanna's ensemble. Singer Kanika Kapoor recently hosted a Diwali bash for delegates of Dolce & Gabbana, she chose to wear Anamika Khanna at the special occasion. [34] (#cite_note-34) Anamika Khanna designed the 10 kg velvet lehenga (/wiki/Lehenga) that was studded with pearls (/wiki/Pearls) , gold and silver and was given as a gift by Simi Garewal (/wiki/Simi_Garewal) to Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) – her celebrity guest at her talk show: ‘Simi Selects: India (/wiki/India) ’s Most Desirable. [35] (#cite_note-35) Recently, Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) along with sister Rhea Kapoor wore outfits from Anamika's collection of Everything is AK-OK. [36] (#cite_note-36) Oprah donned Khanna's outfits at various occasions, from the Women in the World Summit (/wiki/Women_in_the_World#Women_in_the_World_Annual_Summit) to special reception at the Black Panther (/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)) [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Other celebrities including Deepika Padukone, Nita Ambani (/wiki/Nita_Ambani) Isha Ambani, Shloka Mehta, Radhika Merchant, Katrina Kaif, Neha Dhupia are seen wearing her creations at various occasions. [31] (#cite_note-idiva.com-31) [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) Influence in Bollywood [ edit ] Khanna has designed collections for a number of Bollywood movies (/wiki/Bollywood_movies) like Mausam , Fashion , Aisha , and Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (/wiki/Bhaag_Milkha_Bhaag) . She was the costume designer for the lead actress of the movie Prem Ratan Dhan Payo (/wiki/Prem_Ratan_Dhan_Payo) released in 2015. [43] (#cite_note-43) Khanna has designed the outfits that Simi Garewal (/wiki/Simi_Garewal) wore in her talk show: ‘Simi Selects: India (/wiki/India) ’s Most Desirable’. [44] (#cite_note-44) Notable shows [ edit ] Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) (1999) : Khanna was among the 33 designers, who were part of India's first Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) at Taj Palace, New Delhi. Wills Fashion Week, 2005 :She presented her spring/summer collection titled The Botanist at the WFW. Her collection consisted of clothes made from muslin (/wiki/Muslin) and chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) . Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) (2007) : Khanna presented her designs at the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . . [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) HDIL India Couture Week (2008) :Khanna's collection involved her signature dhoti-pants. The clothes were created using fine cotton, chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) , satin (/wiki/Satin) and georgette (/wiki/Georgette_(fabric)) . The focus of the collection was on cuts and drapes. [7] (#cite_note-boldsky1-7) Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) (2009) : Khanna at the Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) presented a bridal collection featuring modern silhouettes (/wiki/Silhouettes) , flawless embroidery and a wide variety of colours. [47] (#cite_note-47) The India Premier London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) (2010) : Khanna participated in the Autumn/Winter edition of The India Premier London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [48] (#cite_note-48) Lakme Summer Resort (2011) :Khanna presented her collections that consisted of kurtas (/wiki/Kurtas) embroidered with chikan (/wiki/Chikan_(embroidery)) work, pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) , lehengas (/wiki/Lehenga) , churidars (/wiki/Churidar) , Jodhpuri pants and mojris. [15] (#cite_note-makeupandbeauty1-15) Her collection was primarily black and white. [49] (#cite_note-49) Delhi Couture Week (2012) : Khanna presented a collection that comprised Kashmiri embroidery, zardosi (/wiki/Zardosi) and Parsi gara. In addition to dhoti-pants, her collection also featured floor-length jackets (/wiki/Jackets) and waistcoats (/wiki/Waistcoats) . [50] (#cite_note-50) PCJ Delhi Couture Week (2013) : Khanna's collection featured clothes created from traditional wedding wear . [51] (#cite_note-51) India Couture Week(2014) : Khanna presented her collection called ‘Luxury 2014’. It consisted of embroidered vests, lace capes/ kimono (/wiki/Kimono) , lehengas (/wiki/Lehenga) , saris (/wiki/Sari) , and churidars (/wiki/Churidar) . [52] (#cite_note-52) Lakme Fashion Week (2015) : Khanna was the finale designer and Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) stars Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) and Kareena Kapoor Khan (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan) walked the ramp in outfits that she designed (a black cropped top with a pair of wide-legged pants for Deepika while a black, silver and white ensemble for Kareena). [53] (#cite_note-53) Indian Couture Week (2016) : Khanna showcased her collection with Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) fashionista Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) as the show stopper, dressed in a loose blouse and a hued floral embroidered half saree. She further extended her aesthetic by foraying into jewellery design by collaborating with Amrapali Jewelers, Jaipur royalty-inspired range of costume jewellery. India Couture Week (2017) : Khanna exhibited her collection Luxury 2017 'Happily Ever After' as installation pieces at The Kila, Mehrauli, in the capital. [54] (#cite_note-54) The collection was an amalgamation of the various rituals of the Indian wedding, and the clothes relevant to them. As the couturier delved into the historical references, her attempt was to keep the contemporary codes weaved in traditional crafts, as the bride is new age, educated, modern and with a mind of her own. [55] (#cite_note-55) Lakme Fashion Week (/wiki/Lakme_Fashion_Week) (2018) : Khanna presented her collection at the grand finale with Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Khan as the showstopper; it was influenced by various tribes of the world and was an amalgamation of the modern and experimental. [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) There was deconstruction, fringe and print in a palette of crème, ecru, red and the blackest black. The collection was about tribe of strong and powerful women who are not afraid to ‘do their own thing'. [58] (#cite_note-58) Everything is AKOK, RTW SS19 : With SS19 Khanna launched her first collection on Instagram. The collection was inspired by what she describes as underground warriors, women who like her, battle immense challenges but are able to pull through and make the world a more caring, interesting, and beautiful place: living goddesses who are anything but just domestic and refuse to stand still on a pedestal. [59] (#cite_note-59) Style [ edit ] Khanna has modernised Indian craft through her collections featuring the usage of zardosi (/wiki/Zardosi) , dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) -pants, shararas, and lehengas (/wiki/Lehenga) . Her collections can be termed as decorously Indian but Goth, Punk and Bohemian at the same time. [60] (#cite_note-livemint1-60) She has set forth a new trend in draping saris (/wiki/Saris) through three different drapes: The tulip drape, the wavy drape and the two-pallu in dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) -style drape. [61] (#cite_note-61) Khanna has been instrumental (/wiki/Instrumental) towards the modernisation of Indian craft (/wiki/Craft) through her modern wear made from Indian textiles. She has reinterpreted the Maharashtrian (/wiki/Maharashtra) nine-yard sari (/wiki/Sari) to create dhoti-pants. [60] (#cite_note-livemint1-60) They are actually dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) style saris and have become the signature creations of Anamika Khanna. They have been worn by leading Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) superstars like Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) on multiple occasions. [62] (#cite_note-62) Anamika Khanna has set a new trend through her draped saris. She is well known for introducing the tulip (/wiki/Tulip) drape, the wavy drape, and the two-pallu-in-dhoti drape. [63] (#cite_note-63) Her collections featuring Trousseau (/wiki/Wedding_dress) , Prêt and Couture have been worn by Bollywood superstars to International Celebrities, including the likes of Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) , Arianna Huffington (/wiki/Arianna_Huffington) , Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) , Zadie Smith (/wiki/Zadie_Smith) and even Sophia (/wiki/Sophia_(robot)) , the first social humanoid robot [64] (#cite_note-64) [ non-primary source needed ] [65] (#cite_note-65) [ non-primary source needed ] [66] (#cite_note-66) Awards & achievements [ edit ] She is also the first female Indian fashion designer to display her collections at the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) held in 2007. [67] (#cite_note-67) Ana mika was offered an exclusive contract by British Retail Giant Harrod's after her participation in the London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , 2010. [68] (#cite_note-68) Her philanthropist side was evident when she helped raise large amounts for the Tata cancer hospitals children's wing and for the Akshay Patra Foundation, with a show in London. [69] (#cite_note-69) Anamika Khanna was one of the three designers who presented their collections in Khadi at the fashion show held by Fashion Design Council of India (/wiki/Fashion_Design_Council_of_India) (FDCI) in coordination with Gujarat (/wiki/Gujarat) State Khadi and Village Industries for Narendra Modi (/wiki/Narendra_Modi) ’s made in India (/wiki/India) project. [70] (#cite_note-70) She is among the first Indian fashion designers to present their collections in Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) as part of the Bridal (/wiki/Bridal) Asia event. She collaborated with the brand Bvlgari (/wiki/Bvlgari) to launch them in New Delhi and did a private event with them in Singapore. [71] (#cite_note-71) Featured in Business of Fashion for five consecutive years, Khanna has been listed by BOF500 as a crucial part in shaping the $2.4 trillion fashion industry. [72] (#cite_note-auto-72) She was yet again awarded as the most stylish designer by the Hindustan Times and bestowed with the title at The Hindustan Times India's Most Stylish Awards, 2019 [73] (#cite_note-73) In 2006, she was selected by the Elle magazine (/wiki/Elle_magazine) as one of the 50 Style Icons of the Year. Verve Magazine included her in its 2006 Verve Power Issue as well as in its list of 50 Powerful Women in 2010. [74] (#cite_note-moneycontrollic-74) [75] (#cite_note-75) She was also featured in the Verve Perennial Stylish People list. India Today (/wiki/India_Today) selected her as one of India (/wiki/India) ’s 25 most powerful women in 2011 [76] (#cite_note-hauteitis.com-76) while Femina (/wiki/Femina_(India)) included her in its list of 50 Most Powerful Women in India (/wiki/India) as well as in the list of 100 People Impacting India (/wiki/India) the Most. [76] (#cite_note-hauteitis.com-76) Anamika Khanna was also included in the list of 25 most beautiful people by the Hi! Blitz magazine. Khanna has been recently nominated for the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan) . [77] (#cite_note-77) She has been listed in the Business of Fashion elite list of 500 people shaping the global fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) . [1] (#cite_note-businessoffashion1-1) She was invited as a Speaker at a Panel Discussion [78] (#cite_note-78) in a student-run conference held at Harvard Business School & Harvard Kennedy School. [79] (#cite_note-79) For five consecutive years she has been featured in the BOF500, the definitive professional index of the people shaping the $2.4 trillion fashion industry, hand-selected by the editors of The Business of Fashion, based on hundreds of nominations received from current BoF 500 members, extensive data analysis and research. [72] (#cite_note-auto-72) Invited by the Royals! At the official start of UK-India Year of Culture, the couturier was invited by the Queen of the United Kingdom and The Duke of Edinburgh at Buckingham Palace to grace the occasion. [80] (#cite_note-80) [ non-primary source needed ] Awards and nominations [ edit ] Awards [ edit ] Texcellence Award – Outstanding Boutique (/wiki/Boutique) (2004) Kingfisher Award – Fashion Designer of the Year (2004) [81] (#cite_note-81) FICCI (/wiki/FICCI) Ladies Organization's Young Woman Achiever's Award (2006) [74] (#cite_note-moneycontrollic-74) Marudhar Gaurav Award from the Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) Foundation, Kolkata (2007) [74] (#cite_note-moneycontrollic-74) FICCI (/wiki/FICCI) Ladies Organization Woman of Substance Award (2008) [76] (#cite_note-hauteitis.com-76) Bharat Nirman Award (2010) [76] (#cite_note-hauteitis.com-76) Audi (/wiki/Audi) RITZ Icon Award (2011) [82] (#cite_note-82) She Award (2011) [76] (#cite_note-hauteitis.com-76) Export Council Award [83] (#cite_note-83) Hello! Hall of Fame Awards – Designer of the Year award (2016) [84] (#cite_note-84) Fashionably Yours Award by T2, The Telegraph (2017) [85] (#cite_note-85) Indian Affairs Fashion Designer of the Year 2017 at the 8th Annual India Leadership Conclave & Indian Affairs Business Leadership Awards. [86] (#cite_note-86) Vogue Women of The Year Awards – Designer of the Year (2018). [87] (#cite_note-87) Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards (/wiki/Pinkvilla_Style_Icons_Awards) - Trailblazing Fashion Designer of the Year (2023) [88] (#cite_note-88) Nominations [ edit ] MTV (/wiki/MTV) Youth Icon Awards – Breakthrough Designer of the Year (2003) MTV (/wiki/MTV) Lycra Style Awards – Designer of the Year (2004) F Awards – Designer of the Year (2004) MTV (/wiki/MTV) Style Awards – Designer of the Year (2005) [74] (#cite_note-moneycontrollic-74) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Anamika Khanna is part of the BoF 500" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/anamika-khanna) . The Business of Fashion . 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Find sources: "Africa Fashion Week London" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Africa+Fashion+Week+London%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Africa+Fashion+Week+London%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Africa+Fashion+Week+London%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Africa+Fashion+Week+London%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Africa+Fashion+Week+London%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Africa+Fashion+Week+London%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Africa Fashion Week (London) is an annual fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held in London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) . It was founded by HRM Queen Aderonke Ademiluyi-Ogunwusi. (/wiki/Ronke_Ademiluyi) In 2012 the Africa Fashion Week London team took a trip to Westfield Stratford City (/wiki/Westfield_Stratford_City) with the theme "Fun Day Flyering at Westfield". [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "AfroCosmopolitan", Africa Fashion Week London Fun Day Flyering at Westfield, June 27, 2012 (http://afrocosmopolitan.com/2012/06/arica-fashion-week-london-fun-day-flyering-at-westfield/) [ permanent dead link ] NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐nz44m Cached time: 20240711031005 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.124 seconds Real time usage: 0.173 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 679/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52080/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12688/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7549/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.062/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1924696/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 105.61% 160.723 3 Template:Ambox 100.00% 152.189 1 -total 64.28% 97.828 1 Template:Multiple_issues 38.36% 58.380 1 Template:One_source 19.26% 29.315 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 15.09% 22.965 1 Template:Reflist 9.21% 14.017 2 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 8.00% 12.178 1 Template:Notability 7.48% 11.378 1 Template:Dead_link 7.06% 10.749 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29450135-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711031005 and revision id 1215315539. 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French-Brazilian fashion executive (born 1949) Princess Georgina Countess of Valmareno Born Georgina Maria Natividad de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny ( 1949-12-23 ) 23 December 1949 (age 74) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) , Brazil Spouse Rodrigo Tiberto Brandolini d'Adda, Count of Valmareno Issue (/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)) Cornelia Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Coco_Brandolini_d%27Adda) Bianca Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Bianca_Brandolini_d%27Adda) Names Georgina Maria Natividad Brandolini d'Adda House (/wiki/Dynasty) Faucigny Occupation Fashion designer, businesswoman, socialite Princess Georgina Brandolini d'Adda, Contessa di Valmareno (born Princess Georgina Maria Natividad de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny ; 23 December 1949) is a French-Brazilian fashion executive and designer. Early and personal life [ edit ] Princess Georgina Maria Natividad de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny was born on 23 December 1949 in Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [ unreliable source? ] Her father was Prince Jean-Louis de Faucigny-Lucinge, a French aristocrat, and her mother was Sylvia Régis de Oliveira, the only daughter of Raul Régis de Oliveira (/wiki/Raul_R%C3%A9gis_de_Oliveira) , a Brazilian diplomat who served as Brazil's Ambassador to the United Kingdom (/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Brazil_to_the_United_Kingdom) from 1925 to 1939. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) She grew up in Paris (/wiki/Paris) . On 12 June 1975, she married Rodrigo Tiberto Brandolini d'Adda, Conte di Valmareno, an Italian nobleman who was the son of Cristiana Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Cristiana_Brandolini_d%27Adda) and nephew of Gianni Agnelli (/wiki/Gianni_Agnelli) , in a Catholic ceremony at St. Thomas Aquinas Church in Paris, becoming Countess of Valmareno. [5] (#cite_note-5) [ failed verification ] They have two children, Donna Cornelia Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Coco_Brandolini_d%27Adda) and Donna Bianca Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Bianca_Brandolini_d%27Adda) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The couple splits their time between homes in Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) and Trancoso, Bahia (/wiki/Trancoso,_Bahia) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2011, Countess Brandolini d'Adda sued to have the singer João Gilberto (/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto) evicted from an apartment she owns in Leblon (/wiki/Leblon) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Career [ edit ] Countess Brandolini d'Adda was working as an intern for Dior (/wiki/Dior) when she was introduced to Italian fashion designer Valentino Garavani (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) during a Carnival (/wiki/Carnival) celebration in Rio de Janeiro. She worked for Valentino for twenty years as an artistic muse, personal aide, and director of external and public relations. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) In 1983 she was added to the International Best Dressed List (/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_List) . After leaving Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , Brandolini d'Adda became a partner at Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , serving as the general manager and director of ready-to-wear as well as a marketing strategist, where she developed the fashion house's international business. [14] (#cite_note-14) She began her own line of luxury knitwear in 2004. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) She now works as a representative for the international interests of Iguatemi Empresa de Shopping Centers (/wiki/Iguatemi_Empresa_de_Shopping_Centers) . [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Georgina Marie Natividad, princesse de Faucigny-Lucinge, * 1949 \| Geneall.net" (https://geneall.net/it/name/83836/georgina-marie-natividad-princesse-de-faucigny-lucinge/) . geneall.net (in Italian) . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "DESCENDÊNCIA MARQUES DE OLINDA – Nossos Roteiros" (https://www.nossosroteiros.com.br/descendencia-do-marques-de-olinda/) . April 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ambassador Raul Régis de Oliveira biography at CPDOC/FGV's website" (http://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/OLIVEIRA,%20Raul%20R%C3%A9gis%20de.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "A condessa que está despejando João Gilberto \| GGN" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160311152945/http://jornalggn.com.br/blog/luisnassif/a-condessa-que-esta-despejando-joao-gilberto) . Archived from the original (https://jornalggn.com.br/blog/luisnassif/a-condessa-que-esta-despejando-joao-gilberto) on 11 March 2016 . Retrieved 9 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Georgina De Faucigny-lucinge Marries Tilberto Brandolini" (http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/georgina-de-faucigny-lucinge-marries-tilberto-brandolini-news-photo/160718597#georgina-de-faucignylucinge-marries-tilberto-brandolini-paris-eglise-picture-id160718597) . Getty Images . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Reginato, James. "Inside "La Dolce Vita" of Countess Cristiana Brandolini D'Adda" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/06/inside-la-dolce-vita-of-countess-cristiana-brandolini-dadda-venice-estate) . Vanities . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "AD Visits a Hot Spot in Brazil \| Architectural Digest" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/trancoso-brazil-travel-guide-article) . Architectural Digest . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "A socialite Georgina Brandolini mostra sua casa de veraneio em Trancoso à revista "W" (https://glamurama.uol.com.br/3x4-27587/) " (https://glamurama.uol.com.br/3x4-27587/) . Glamurama (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "EGO - NOTÍCIAS - João Gilberto devolve apartamento a condessa, diz jornal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200802130512/http://ego.globo.com/Gente/Noticias/0,,MUL1673330-9798,00-JOAO+GILBERTO+DEVOLVE+APARTAMENTO+A+CONDESSA+DIZ+JORNAL.html) . ego.globo.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original (http://ego.globo.com/Gente/Noticias/0,,MUL1673330-9798,00-JOAO+GILBERTO+DEVOLVE+APARTAMENTO+A+CONDESSA+DIZ+JORNAL.html) on 2 August 2020 . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Golfar, Fiona. "October Vogue: A Fine Romance" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/october-issue-a-fine-romance) . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The Brandolinis' Bahian Rhapsody" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/brandolinis) . W Magazine . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "What do you do if you are a society heiress with time on your hands?" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/what-do-you-do-if-you-are-a-society-heiress-with-time-on-your-hands-6364777.html) . Evening Standard . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Georgina Brandolini D'Adda \| Valentino" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180705092459/https://www.valentino.com/experience/us/news/georgina-brandolini-dadda/) . Valentino . Archived from the original (https://www.valentino.com/experience/us/news/georgina-brandolini-dadda/) on 5 July 2018 . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Georgina Brandolini - Les Echos" (https://www.lesechos.fr/17/06/1997/LesEchos/17418-130-ECH_georgina-brandolini.htm) . lesechos.fr (in French). 17 June 1997 . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Ciao Bianca!" (http://peacockplume.fr/fashion/people/ciao-bianca) . Peacock Plume . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Staff, WWD (21 January 2004). "Georgina Brandolini (Couture Review)" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/georgina-brandolini-couture-review-1489682/) . WWD . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Folha de S.Paulo - Serafina 30 - 26/09/2010" (http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/serafina/sr2702201103.htm) . www1.folha.uol.com.br . Retrieved 20 March 2018 . 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Indian Television actor Rajeev Parameshwaran Born ( 1977-06-09 ) 9 June 1977 (age 47) Thrissur (/wiki/Thrissur_district) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India Nationality Indian (/wiki/Indian_people) Occupations Actor Model Years active 2000–present Spouse Deepa Children 2 Rajeev Parameshwaran [1] (#cite_note-1) (born 9 June 1977) is an Indian actor and former model who has done several films, music albums and television serials in Malayalam (/wiki/Malayalam) . He has done over 30 serials and 10 films in his career spanning around two decades. His notable works include Prakash in Ente Manasaputhri , Sooraj in Kavyanjali , Mahi in Vanambadi , Balakrishnan Pillai in Santhwanam (/wiki/Santhwanam_(TV_series)) and Karthik Krishna in Mouna Raagam (/wiki/Mouna_Raagam_(Tamil_TV_series)) (Tamil). [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) He is also noted for his role as Dasan Maash in the 2010 Malayalam film Paappi Appacha (/wiki/Paappi_Appacha) . Biography [ edit ] Rajeev was born to Parameshwaran and Sathi Devi [5] (#cite_note-5) Married to Deepa and has two kids Sivanya and Atharv. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) He started his career as a model and has done print and commercial advertisements with R. Madhavan (/wiki/R._Madhavan) , Lenaa (/wiki/Lena_(actress)) and Vidya Balan (/wiki/Vidya_Balan) . Rajeev made his acting debut in the Malayalam film Swayamvara Panthal (/wiki/Swayamvara_Panthal) . He became a familiar face through East coast music albums, the same year he acted in Malayalam serial Preyasi alongside Kaviyoor Ponnamma (/wiki/Kaviyoor_Ponnamma) and later playing the lead roles in serials like Oomakkuyil, Venalmazha, Kavyanjali and Omanathingal Pakshi established himself as a lead actor in Malayalam Television. He has appeared in films such as Nidra , Paappi Appacha and The Metro . Television [ edit ] Partial list of Television Serials All TV series are in Malayalam, unless otherwise noted. Year Title Role Channel Notes 2000 Preyasi Surya TV 2001 Marubhoomiyile Pookkalam DD Malayalam 2001-2002 Venalmazha Surya TV (/wiki/Surya_TV) Sandhyalekshmi Ajay 2003 Oomakkuyil Surya TV (/wiki/Surya_TV) 2005-2006 Omanathinkal Pakshi Jimmy Asianet (/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)) 2004-2006 Kavyanjali Sooraj Surya TV 2005 Mounam Surya TV 2006 Thadankal Palayam Asianet 2007 Punarjanmam Prakash Surya TV 2007-2008 Pookalam Surya TV 2007-2010 Ente Manasaputhri (/wiki/Ente_Manasaputhri) Prakash Asianet 2008 Kudumbayogam Surya TV 2009 Thulabharam Surya TV 2011-2012 Autograph CK Asianet 2013 Ardram Mohan Asianet 2013-2014 Penmanassu Sibichan Surya TV 2013-2014 Indira Mazhavil Manorama 2014-2015 Ente Pennu Radheyan Mazhavil Manorama (/wiki/Mazhavil_Manorama) 2014-2015 Snehajalakam Harisankar Surya TV 2016 Chechiyamma Jeevan Surya TV 2016 Sundari Roshan Mazhavil Manorama 2016-2017 Ottachilambu (/wiki/Ottachilambu) Ravindra Varma Mazhavil Manorama 2017-2020 Mouna Raagam (/wiki/Mouna_Raagam_(Tamil_TV_series)) Karthik Krishna Star Vijay (/wiki/Star_Vijay) Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_language) TV series 2018-2019 Vanambadi (/wiki/Vanambadi_(TV_series)) Mahi Asianet (/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)) 2020 – 2024 Santhwanam (/wiki/Santhwanam_(TV_series)) Balakrishnan Asianet (/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)) 2021–2023 Mouna Raagam 2 (/wiki/Mouna_Raagam_2) Karthik Krishna Star Vijay (/wiki/Star_Vijay) Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_language) TV series 2023 – present Sandhya Raagam (/wiki/Sandhya_Raagam_(TV_series)) Raghuram Zee Tamil (/wiki/Zee_Tamil) Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_language) TV series 2024 Kadhanayika (/wiki/Kadhanayika) Himself Mazhavil Manorama (/wiki/Mazhavil_Manorama) Guest appearance 2024 Santhwanam 2 (/wiki/Santhwanam_2) Balakrishnan Asianet (/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)) Promo only [8] (#cite_note-8) Reality Shows as Contestant Munch stars (2013) - Asianet (/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)) Star Wars (/wiki/Star_Wars) (2018) - Surya TV (/wiki/Surya_TV) Telefilm Kaanappurangal Music Albums Ninakayi Mithadhu Madeedu Jadeedu Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2000 Swayamvara Panthal (/wiki/Swayamvara_Panthal) Priya's brother Debut 2005 The Campus Najeeb Second lead 2009 Rahasya Police (/wiki/Rahasya_Police) Lover 2010 Paappi Appacha (/wiki/Paappi_Appacha) Sivadasa Kaimal (Dasan maash) Breakthrough 2011 The Metro Jaimy Padamadan 2012 Simahasanam Nidra Rajeev Pudhumugangal Thevai (/wiki/Pudhumugangal_Thevai) Tamil film 2013 Ayaal (/wiki/Ayaal) Chandran Proprietors: Kammath & Kammath (/wiki/Proprietors:_Kammath_%26_Kammath) Mahalekshmi's groom 2014 Mr. Fraud (/wiki/Mr._Fraud) Prathapa Varma TBA Kasu Panam Thuttu Tamil film References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Soman, Deepa. "People often identify me with my onscreen - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/People-often-identify-me-with-my-onscreen/articleshow/46329871.cms) . The Times of India . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "വാനമ്പാടിയിലെ മഹി: കാവ്യാഞ്ജലിയിലെ സൂരജ്; യഥാർത്ഥത്തിൽ രാജീവ്; മലയാളത്തിലെ ബ്രെയ്ക്കിന് കാരണം താരം പറയുന്നു" (https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-gossips/serial-cinima-actor-rajeev-parameshwar-says-why-he-had-taken-a-hiatus-on-malayalam-serial-industry/articleshow/71833764.cms) . malayalam.samayam.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Jayaram, Deepika. "Rajeev Parameshwar: Mouna Ragam helped me earn in Tamil the same acceptance I got in 19 years, in Malayalam - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/rajeev-parameshwar-mouna-ragam-helped-me-earn-in-tamil-the-same-acceptance-i-got-in-19-years-in-malayalam/articleshow/71465251.cms) . The Times of India . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Mouna Raagam actor Rajeev Parameshwar joins Vanambadi as a villain - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/mouna-raagam-actor-rajeev-parameshwar-joins-vanambadi-as-a-villain/articleshow/69689022.cms) . The Times of India . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "തിരക്കിൽ നിൽക്കുമ്പോൾ രാജീവ് പരമേശ്വരൻ എവിടേക്കു മറഞ്ഞു? ആ ചോദ്യത്തിന് ഇതാ ഉത്തരം \| rajeev parameshwar actor special interview" (https://www.vanitha.in/celluloid/movies/rajeev-parameshwar-actor-special-interview.html) . vanitha.in . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rajeev Parameswaran Malayalam Film Actor, Profile, Biography" (https://www.topmovierankings.com/malayalam-actor/rajeev-parameswaran) . www.topmovierankings.com . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "ആ നല്ലസമയം കാത്തിരിക്കുന്നു..." (https://www.mangalam.com/news/detail/60657-mangalam-varika.html) Mangalam-Latest Kerala News, Malayalam News, Politics, Malayalam Cinema, Sports (in Malayalam) . Retrieved 11 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "സാന്ത്വനം 2 വില്‍ പഴയ താരങ്ങള്‍ ആരുമില്ല…രാജീവും ഉണ്ടാകില്ല!!" (https://ml.b4blaze.com/santhwanam-2-update-out/) . B4blaze . External links [ edit ] Rajeev Parameshwar (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm11041117/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) This article needs additional or more specific categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization) . Please help out (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajeev_Parameshwar&action=edit) by adding categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#How_do_I_add_an_article_to_a_category?) to it so that it can be listed with similar articles. 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Regulation or law about the wearing of high heels High heels have been restricted by law and policy in various places such as schools, museums, and localities such as Mobile, Alabama (/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama) . [1] (#cite_note-1) In this case, the sign forbids them on Stearns Wharf (/wiki/Stearns_Wharf) in Santa Barbara, California (/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California) . A pair of pumps/court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) with 12 cm ( 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) stiletto heels A high heel policy is a regulation or law about the wearing of high heels (/wiki/High_heels) , which may be required or forbidden in different places and circumstances. Historically in the West high heels were associated with aristocrats (/wiki/Aristocrats) for cosmetic reasons, to emphasize social status among an elite who could afford to wear impractical footwear, to raise their height, or to keep feet and long dresses clean. The style was then subject to sumptuary (/wiki/Sumptuary_law) laws. In more modern times, stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heels) have been restricted when they might damage the floor surface or cause accidents. Some dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) , however, require women to wear high heels so that they appear to be taller and more attractive. Such footwear may be painful and damage the feet, and there have been repeated protests by women workers against such policies. In 2016, a British receptionist, Nicola Thorp (/wiki/Nicola_Thorp) , stated that she was sent home unpaid for not wearing high heels, and she then started a petition which attracted sufficient support to be considered by the UK Parliament, though it was eventually rejected in April 2017 as the government stated that existing legislation was "adequate". Regulations preventing the wearing of high heels [ edit ] In history [ edit ] In 1430, chopines (/wiki/Chopine) were 30 inches (76 cm) high, at times. Venetian (/wiki/Republic_of_Venice) law then limited the height to three inches—but this regulation was widely ignored. [2] (#cite_note-DeMello2009-2) A 17th-century law in Massachusetts (/wiki/Massachusetts) announced that women would be subjected to the same treatment as witches if they lured men into marriage via the use of high-heeled shoes. [3] (#cite_note-demello323-3) In 1770, an act was introduced into the British parliament (/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain) which would have applied the same penalties as witchcraft to the use of high heels and other cosmetic devices. [4] (#cite_note-4) Floor surface and safety concerns [ edit ] The pressure under a stiletto heel is greater (per unit of the very small area) than that under the feet of an elephant. [5] (#cite_note-5) Thus, as the very narrow stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) became more widespread in the 1950s, the owners of many types of buildings became concerned about the effects of large numbers of such heels on their floors, especially in historic and high-traffic public buildings. Specifically, there was concern that the heels would either damage certain types of floor covering or cause minor accidents through heels getting jammed in floor-grills, the gaps in planking, or uneven surfaces. Soft outdoor ground also caused problems, affecting both the surface and the wearer. Wood flooring was the most vulnerable, but carpets, linoleum (/wiki/Linoleum) , and mosaic floors were also considered at risk of damage. Signs were frequently posted attempting to ban stiletto heels, though they were generally ineffective. A 1963 article in a US building maintenance magazine stated, "Replacement of floors is estimated to have cost at least half a billion dollars throughout the country since the advent of the stiletto heel fashion." [6] (#cite_note-6) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture) Forest Service (/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service) claimed in 1963 that "with style changes the stiletto-heel problem has diminished". [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2023, a gay club called Bunker opened in Washington, D.C., and it banned high heels, as well as open-toed shoes and flip flops, "for customer safety." However, this ban on high heels was dropped within a month, with the club's website stating instead of an outright ban, "Bunker welcomes the attire of all gender identities and expressions. However, Bunker is a dimly lit, underground dance club with concrete floors and steps. As a safety precaution, we strongly discourage the wearing of high heels. Open-toed shoes are prohibited." [8] (#cite_note-8) High heels can represent contributory negligence (/wiki/Contributory_negligence) by the plaintiff (/wiki/Plaintiff) in American personal injury (/wiki/Personal_injury) cases involving slip and fall (/wiki/Slip_and_fall) accidents. [9] (#cite_note-9) Many high heel policies in the US are related to concerns over the potential for legal claims. [ citation needed ] Regulations requiring the wearing of high heels [ edit ] In media and fashion [ edit ] Some women have challenged the expectation that women should wear high heels in formal social situations. In 2015, a group of women were turned away from a film première at the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) in France for wearing flat shoes, including a woman physically unable to wear heels due to an operation on one of her feet. [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) The women complained that this was a sexist policy which forced women into a stereotyped appearance; festival organisers later responded that "the rumour that the festival requires high heels for the women on the steps [was] baseless." [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In workplaces [ edit ] Some dress codes require women to wear high heels, and some medical organizations have called for a ban on such dress codes. [12] (#cite_note-2016_review-12) There have been repeated protests by women workers against such policies. Laws regarding dress codes that require women to wear high heels in the workplace. It has been argued that high heels in the workplace should be subject to a health and safety assessment. [13] (#cite_note-Unions-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Australia [ edit ] Qantas (/wiki/Qantas) , which is the national airline of Australia (/wiki/Australia) , declared in 2023 that its female flight attendants were no longer required to wear high heels. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Canada [ edit ] Guidelines on acceptable dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) in the workplace are permitted by Canadian law in order to ensure that employees are able to complete their work safely and effectively. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) However the inclusion of the wearing of high heels in these guidelines has created controversy. Some workplace studies show that women in the hospitality industry who wear high heels have suffered injuries after tripping, falling, or slipping. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) In addition, requirements for an appearance that differs for male and female employees have the potential to be considered discriminatory. [17] (#cite_note-:0-17) In 2014, waitresses at three restaurant chains in Calgary, Alberta (/wiki/Calgary) , Canada, claimed that they were required to wear high heels at work despite complaining of pain and injury. Management responded that there was no written policy on wearing high heels. [18] (#cite_note-18) In April 2017, the Canadian province of British Columbia (/wiki/British_Columbia) amended workplace legislation to prevent employers from requiring women to wear high heels at work. British Columbia premier Christy Clark (/wiki/Christy_Clark) stated that the government was "changing this regulation to stop this unsafe and discriminatory practice." [19] (#cite_note-guardian-8apr2017-19) Other Canadian provinces followed suit. [20] (#cite_note-2018_bans-20) United States [ edit ] During the mid-1990s, several US-based airlines required female flight attendants (/wiki/Flight_attendants) to wear shoes with heels. Minimum heel heights ranged from one-half inch to the two inches mandated by USAir (/wiki/USAir) . [21] (#cite_note-marc-21) Flight attendants at times avoided censure by changing into more comfortable shoes during flights, since their supervisors were less likely to be present there. [22] (#cite_note-Banaszak-HollLevitsky2010-22) Policies that force women to wear heels have been challenged in a number of locations. In 2001, cocktail waitresses (/wiki/Cocktail_waitress) in Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) organized a "Kiss My Foot" campaign which was successful in getting casinos to relax their requirement to wear high heels. [23] (#cite_note-23) United Kingdom [ edit ] In 2009, the UK Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists (/wiki/Society_of_Chiropodists_and_Podiatrists) released a report outlining the dangers of wearing high heels for extended periods and approached unions and employers to collaborate on measures to ensure risk assessments would be completed on women's footwear, and to offer alternatives to high heels where these were deemed unhealthy. [13] (#cite_note-Unions-13) Similar policies were tested again in the UK in 2016 when a temporary receptionist (/wiki/Temporary_work) , Nicola Thorp (/wiki/Nicola_Thorp) , stated that she was sent home unpaid after she refused to follow the dress code at the office of accountants PricewaterhouseCoopers (/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers) which, according to her, required wearing shoes with a 2-4 inch heel. Outsourcing firm Portico stated that Thorp "had signed the appearance guidelines" but after Thorp launched an online petition—"Make it illegal for a company to require women to wear high heels at work"—the firm changed their policy. The new guideline states that all female employees "can wear plain flat shoes or plain court shoes as they prefer." [24] (#cite_note-Guard-1-24) The petition gained widespread support from public figures such as Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon (/wiki/Nicola_Sturgeon) and MPs (/wiki/Member_of_Parliament) Caroline Dinenage (/wiki/Caroline_Dinenage) , Margot James (/wiki/Margot_James) and Tulip Siddiq (/wiki/Tulip_Siddiq) . [25] (#cite_note-McIntosh-25) [26] (#cite_note-Tele-1-26) Two parliamentary committees in January 2017 decided that Portico had broken the law; the company had already changed its terms of employment. [25] (#cite_note-McIntosh-25) [27] (#cite_note-Bilefsky-27) The petition gained over 130,000 signatures, sufficient for a debate in the British parliament. [28] (#cite_note-28) This took place on 6 March 2017, when MPs decided the UK government should change the law to prevent the demand being made by employers. [27] (#cite_note-Bilefsky-27) [29] (#cite_note-Hansard-29) However, this was rejected by the government in April 2017 as they stated that existing legislation was "adequate". [30] (#cite_note-30) The government clarified in a document published in May 2018 that high heel policies likely constituted direct discrimination, even if the men's shoes were required to "look smart," and potentially also indirect discrimination against those with mobility or vision problems. [31] (#cite_note-31) Israel [ edit ] In 2015, the Israeli airline El Al (/wiki/El_Al) introduced a requirement that female flight attendants wear high heels until passengers had been seated. [32] (#cite_note-32) The airline's workers' union stated that the requirement would endanger the health and safety of the flight attendants and instructed its members to ignore the rule. Later that year the requirement was removed. [33] (#cite_note-33) The Philippines [ edit ] In 2017, the Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) forbade companies from mandating that female employees wear high heels at work. [34] (#cite_note-34) Japan [ edit ] In 2019, a petition against mandatory high heels was started in Japan with the hashtag #KuToo (/wiki/KuToo_movement) , blending the #MeToo movement (/wiki/MeToo_movement) with the Japanese words for shoes ( kutsu ) and pain ( kutsuu ). [35] (#cite_note-BBC-35) The Japanese Minister of Labor has stated that it is acceptable for companies and others to require women to wear high heels as long as it is necessary and appropriate for the job, with reference to socially accepted norms. [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) See also [ edit ] Cosmetics policy (/wiki/Cosmetics_policy) Foot Emancipation Society (/wiki/Foot_Emancipation_Society) Hijabophobia (/wiki/Hijabophobia) KuToo movement (/wiki/KuToo_movement) Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (/wiki/Price_Waterhouse_v._Hopkins) Right to sit (/wiki/Right_to_sit) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kunzle, David (2013), Fashion and Fetishism , The History Press, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780752495453 ^ (#cite_ref-DeMello2009_2-0) Margo DeMello (2009). Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia . Greenwood Press/ABC-CLIO. p. 311. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-35714-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-demello323_3-0) Margo DeMello (10 September 2009). Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 323. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-35715-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) John Brookes (1859), Manners and Customs of the English Nation , James Blackwood, pp. 261–262, In the year 1770 an act was introduced into Parliament against hoops, false hair, high heels... ^ (#cite_ref-5) Green, Jack (2003). "Pressure Under High Heels" (http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/JackGreen.shtml) . The Physics Factbook . Retrieved 20 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Modern Sanitation and Building Maintenance , Volume 15, 1963 ^ (#cite_ref-7) United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, research note, Forest Products Laboratory , 1963 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "D.C.'s New Gay Bar And Club, Bunker, Drops 'No High Heels' Dress Code After Pushback" (https://dcist.com/story/23/03/08/dc-new-gay-bar-bunker-drops-no-high-heel-dress-code-after-public-pushback/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230308224234/https://dcist.com/story/23/03/08/dc-new-gay-bar-bunker-drops-no-high-heel-dress-code-after-public-pushback/) from the original on 8 March 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Gary M. Bakken, H. Harvey Cohen, Jon R. Abele, Slips, Trips, Missteps, and Their Consequences , p. 170, Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company, 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1933264012 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1933264012) , 9781933264011, google books (https://books.google.com/books?id=aWatvfoR7vQC&pg=PA170) ^ a b "Emily Blunt on Cannes heels row: 'everybody should wear flats' (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/cannes-festival/emily-blunt-cannes-heel-row/) " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/cannes-festival/emily-blunt-cannes-heel-row/) . The Telegraph . 19 May 2015 . Retrieved 16 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Cannes denies high-heel rule for women on red carpet" (https://www.yahoo.com/news/cannes-denies-high-heel-rule-women-red-carpet-173653799.html?ref=gs) . www.yahoo.com . Retrieved 16 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2016_review_12-0) Barnish, MS; Barnish, J (13 January 2016). "High-heeled shoes and musculoskeletal injuries: a narrative systematic review" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735171) . BMJ Open . 6 (1): e010053. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010053 (https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjopen-2015-010053) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 4735171 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735171) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26769789 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26769789) . ^ a b "UK unions spark debate over high heels at work" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-shoes-heels-idUSTRE58F3WL20090916) . Reuters . 16 September 2009 . Retrieved 16 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "High heels 'should be banned at work' (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6193823/High-heels-should-be-banned-at-work.html) " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/6193823/High-heels-should-be-banned-at-work.html) . The Telegraph . 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Qantas allowing male cabin crew members to wear makeup and women to scrap high-heels - CBS News" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/qantas-male-cabin-crew-members-makeup-women-high-heels/) . www.cbsnews.com . 9 June 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Press, Australian Associated (9 June 2023). "Qantas to allow flat shoes, makeup and long hair for cabin crew of any gender" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jun/09/qantas-allows-cabin-crew-of-any-gender-to-wear-flat-shoes-make-up-and-have-long-hair) – via The Guardian. ^ a b c "Canadian Labour & Employment Law Blog \| High Heels in the Workplace could be High Risk for Employers \| Miller Thomson" (http://www.millerthomson.com/en/blog/canadian-labour-employment-law-blog/high-heels-in-the-workplace-could-be-high) . www.millerthomson.com . Retrieved 16 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Hart, Danielle. "Original Joe's, Boston Pizza servers claim mandatory high heel policies" (http://globalnews.ca/news/2052233/original-joes-boston-pizza-servers-claim-mandatory-high-heel-policies/) . Global News . Retrieved 16 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-guardian-8apr2017_19-0) Collig, Pádraig (8 April 2017). "Canadian province makes it illegal to require women to wear high heels" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2017/apr/08/canadian-province-makes-it-illegal-to-require-women-to-wear-high-heels) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 8 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2018_bans_20-0) "Alberta takes steps to ban mandatory high heels in the workplace \| National Post" (https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/alberta-takes-steps-to-ban-mandatory-high-heels-in-the-workplace) . National Post . 30 November 2018 . Retrieved 11 November 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-marc_21-0) Marc Linder (1 January 1997). "Smart Women, Stupid Shoes, and Cynical Employers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150503063953/http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1007%26context%3Dlaw_pubs) . University of Iowa (/wiki/University_of_Iowa) . Archived from the original (http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=law_pubs) on 3 May 2015 . Retrieved 24 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Banaszak-HollLevitsky2010_22-0) Jane C. Banaszak-Holl; Sandra R. Levitsky; Mayer N. Zald (24 June 2010). Social Movements and the Transformation of American Health Care . Oxford University Press. p. 294. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-974214-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Chandler, Susan; Jones, Jill (2011), Casino Women: Courage in Unexpected Places , Cornell University Press, p. 43, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780801450143 ^ (#cite_ref-Guard-1_24-0) Johnston, Chris (12 May 2016). "Woman's high-heel petition receives 100,000-plus signatures" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/12/nicola-thorp-high-heel-petition-receives-100000-plus-signatures) . the Guardian . Retrieved 13 May 2016 . ^ a b McIntosh, Lindsay (16 May 2016). "Heel-loving Sturgeon steps into shoe debate" (http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/heel-loving-sturgeon-steps-into-shoe-debate-vv2nlh825) . The Times . London . Retrieved 7 March 2017 . (subscription required) ^ (#cite_ref-Tele-1_26-0) Yorke, Harry (12 May 2016). "MPs back temp worker's campaign to end 'sexist' high heel policy" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/12/firm-accused-of-sexism-in-high-heels-row-forced-to-change-its-dr/) . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 13 May 2016 . ^ a b Bilefsky, Dan (6 March 2017). "British Woman's Revolt Against High Heels Becomes a Cause in Parliament" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/world/europe/uk-parliament-nicola-thorp-heels.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur&_r=0) . The New York Times . Retrieved 7 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Kaur Grewal, Herpreet (17 May 2016), "Temp's 'high heels' petition heads for Parliament" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170213083153/http://www.fm-world.co.uk/news/fm-industry-news/temps-high-heels-petition-heads-for-parliament/) , FM World , archived from the original (http://www.fm-world.co.uk/news/fm-industry-news/temps-high-heels-petition-heads-for-parliament/) on 13 February 2017 , retrieved 22 May 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-Hansard_29-0) Helen Jones (/wiki/Helen_Jones) , the MP (/wiki/British_Members_of_Parliament) for Warrington North (/wiki/Warrington_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)) (6 March 2017). "Workplace Dress Codes (High Heels)" (https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2017-03-06/debates/58CDA5AC-D655-43F4-BDD8-3D1370BCB076/WorkplaceDressCodes%28HighHeels%29) . Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) (/wiki/Hansard) . United Kingdom: Westminster Hall (/wiki/Westminster_Hall) . col. 198WH–216WH. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "High heels row: Petition for work dress code law rejected" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39667912) . BBC News . 21 April 2017 . Retrieved 21 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Dress codes and sex discrimination: what you need to know" (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dress-codes-and-sex-discrimination-what-you-need-to-know) . GOV.UK . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Tucker, Erika. " (http://globalnews.ca/news/2063591/i-dont-think-the-girls-thought-they-could-question-it-high-heels-policy-study-author/) 'I don't think the girls thought they could question it': high heels policy study author" (http://globalnews.ca/news/2063591/i-dont-think-the-girls-thought-they-could-question-it-high-heels-policy-study-author/) . Global News . Retrieved 16 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Yedidyah Ben Or, 10/09/15 12:26 (10 September 2015). "El Al Flight Attendants Say Goodbye to High Heels" (http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/200542) . Israel National News . Retrieved 6 June 2019 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Philippines bans mandatory high heels at work" (https://www.reuters.com/article/philippines-women/philippines-bans-mandatory-high-heels-at-work-idUSL8N1M637F) . Reuters . 25 September 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-BBC_35-0) Thousands back Japan high heels campaign , BBC News, 3 June 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-36) "No198 Japanese House of Representatives Session minutes remark No.059,No.063,No.069" (https://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/#/detail?minId=119804260X02220190605&current=1) . 3 June 2019 . Retrieved 10 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) 職場でハイヒール強制「業務上必要なら」厚労相が容認 (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun (/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun) . 5 June 2019. Archived from the original (https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM6566MNM65ULFA04B.html) on 20 May 2022 . Retrieved 10 February 2023 . External links [ edit ] High heels and workplace dress codes inquiry (http://www.parliament.uk/petitions-committee/heels-at-work-inquiry) of the UK Petitions Committee High heels and work place dress codes web forum (http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/petitions-committee/inquiries/parliament-2015/high-heels-workplace-dress-codes-inquiry-16-17/high-heels-and-work-place-dress-codes-web-forum--/) – oral evidence for the Commons Select Committee NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐vnbxv Cached time: 20240713185653 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.614 seconds Real time usage: 0.914 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2324/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65012/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2207/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 131260/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.369/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7739567/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 833.717 1 -total 51.10% 426.017 1 Template:Reflist 31.90% 265.993 1 Template:Short_description 24.37% 203.135 7 Template:Main_other 23.86% 198.940 1 Template:SDcat 16.72% 139.425 5 Template:Citation 9.83% 81.945 13 Template:Cite_web 8.61% 71.799 11 Template:Cite_news 5.94% 49.529 2 Template:Pagetype 5.84% 48.650 2 Template:Convert Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50528637-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713185653 and revision id 1224390640. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_heel_policy&oldid=1224390640 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_heel_policy&oldid=1224390640) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing controversies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_controversies) Discrimination in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Discrimination_in_the_United_Kingdom) Dress codes (legal) (/wiki/Category:Dress_codes_(legal)) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/Category:High-heeled_footwear) Labour law (/wiki/Category:Labour_law) Sexism (/wiki/Category:Sexism) Women's rights (/wiki/Category:Women%27s_rights) Working conditions (/wiki/Category:Working_conditions) Workwear (/wiki/Category:Workwear) Hidden categories: Pages containing links to subscription-only content (/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja) (/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_(ja)) CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2018) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2016)
Luxury brand from Hollywood This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrome_Hearts&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( January 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Chrome Hearts Chrome Hearts Store in Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) New York City. Company type Private company (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) , Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1988 Founder Richard Stark (/wiki/Richard_Stark_(designer)) , Leonard Kamhout, John Bowman Headquarters Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) , Los Angeles Area served China (/wiki/China) , England (/wiki/England) , France (/wiki/France) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) , Saint Barthélemy (/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy) , South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) , Taiwan (/wiki/Taiwan) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Key people Laurie Lynn Stark, Jesse Jo Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) , Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) , Furniture (/wiki/Furniture) , Leather (/wiki/Leather) , Eyewear (/wiki/Eyewear) , Fragrances (/wiki/Fragrances) Website Chrome Hearts (https://chromehearts.com/) Chrome Hearts is a luxury brand (/wiki/Luxury_brand) from Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) , founded in 1988 by Richard Stark (/wiki/Richard_Stark_(designer)) , Leonard Kamhout and John Bowman. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-Rosemary_Feitelberg-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-Genevieve_Buck-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) It is currently co-owned by Richard Stark and his wife Laurie Lynn Stark. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Its logo contains a cross with the brand name around it on a circular ribbon. The brand produces silver, gold, and diamond accessories, alongside eyewear, leather items, apparel, furniture, kitchenwear, and random objects. They are known for using leather, silver, and ebony. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The production site covers three blocks in the middle of Hollywood [8] (#cite_note-STARK_CONTRAST2-8) and consists of multiple buildings and factories around the world. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) Production is mainly done in-house at the big production site in Hollywood. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) As of 2021, they have 1000 staff at their Los Angeles production site. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Although not officially disclosed by Chrome Hearts, the brand is estimated to be worth around $1 billion. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) History [ edit ] Richard Stark (/wiki/Richard_Stark_(designer)) and John Bowman started the business in a Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) garage in early 1988. [4] (#cite_note-Genevieve_Buck-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Bowman was a manufacturer of leather (/wiki/Leather) goods, while Stark merchandised top grade raw leathers. [4] (#cite_note-Genevieve_Buck-4) They initially established the label in order to produce leather jackets that weren't available on the market. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The third partner was master [4] (#cite_note-Genevieve_Buck-4) sterling silver jeweller [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Leonard Kamhout. [4] (#cite_note-Genevieve_Buck-4) The company's first task was a costume design (/wiki/Costume_design) for Chopper Chicks in Zombietown (/wiki/Chopper_Chicks_in_Zombietown) , [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [11] (#cite_note-11) co-starring the girlfriend of Steve Jones (/wiki/Steve_Jones_(musician)) , [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) the lead guitarist of the Sex Pistols (/wiki/Sex_Pistols) ; Stark took the name of the brand from the working title (/wiki/Working_title) of the movie. [8] (#cite_note-STARK_CONTRAST2-8) In 1992, the brand was awarded Accessory Designer Award of the Year by the CFDA (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) . [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 1994, [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Stark, Bowman, and Kamhout had a falling-out, and Bowman and Kamhout withdrew from the brand. [12] (#cite_note-Asaf_Rotman-12) Since 1994, Chrome Hearts has been co-owned by Richard Stark and his wife Laurie Lynn Stark. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 1996, the first Chrome Hearts boutique opened at 159 East, 64th Street, Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In 1999, a second boutique opened in Minami-Aoyama (/wiki/Minami-Aoyama) , Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) . In 2000, Richard Stark collaborated with Tommy Perse, owner of Maxfield, and architect Mark Steele to build a third boutique in West Hollywood (/wiki/West_Hollywood) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [14] (#cite_note-:3-14) In 2003, Chrome Hearts opened a boutique at Prince's Building (/wiki/Prince%27s_Building) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . In the early 2000s, Chrome Hearts began publishing its own fashion magazine, which featured interviews and celebrity photoshoots, many of which were shot by Laurie Lynn Stark. [15] (#cite_note-:4-15) It was published until 2017. [15] (#cite_note-:4-15) In April 2020, Chrome Hearts sued clothing brand MNML for using their trademark cross symbol on jeans. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [16] (#cite_note-16) Chrome Hearts rings Goods and products [ edit ] Chrome Hearts is primarily recognized for its clothing, accessories, furniture, leather products, [17] (#cite_note-17) and eyewear. [18] (#cite_note-:9-18) Majority of their products are produced in their Hollywood production factory. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) In 2016, they introduced their first fragrance collection, based on two scents, featuring products such as incense (/wiki/Incense) and Eau de Parfum (/wiki/Eau_de_Parfum) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Chrome Hearts sunglasses Collaborations [ edit ] In 2002, Chrome Hearts introduced a collaboration with The Rolling Stones (/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones) featuring the band's iconic "Lips and Tongue" motif. [20] (#cite_note-Rolling_Stones-20) In 2007, Japanese fashion brand Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) collaborated with Chrome Hearts on a series of pendants and garments. [21] (#cite_note-Comme_des_Garçons-21) Prior to this, in the 90s, Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) from Comme des Garçons had already worked with the brand by displaying their products in the Aoyama (/wiki/Aoyama,_Tokyo) flagship store. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 2009, fashion brand BAPE ( A Bathing Ape (/wiki/A_Bathing_Ape) ) collaborated with them on a series of t-shirts including the 12-piece limited edition Chrome Hearts X BABY MILO. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2010, they partnered on shoe design with the Robert Mapplethorpe (/wiki/Robert_Mapplethorpe) Foundation, [23] (#cite_note-Robert_Mapplethorpe-23) and Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) . [24] (#cite_note-24) The shoes are adorned with various silver (/wiki/Silver) embellishments. In 2010, they collaborated with Owens on jewelry and sneakers which were unveiled at Paris Fashion week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [1] (https://www.vogue.com/article/rock-steady-chrome-hearts-collaborates-with-rick-owens) In June 2013, Chrome Hearts partnered with the K-pop girl group 2NE1 (/wiki/2NE1) for a limited collection to celebrate the launch of the brand in South Korea with department store Shinsegae (/wiki/Shinsegae) . [25] (#cite_note-25) In March 2014, Chrome Hearts bought a minority stake in high-end knitwear (/wiki/Knitwear) brand The Elder Statesman (/wiki/The_Elder_Statesman_(brand)) . [26] (#cite_note-26) The firm employed its hallmark silver (/wiki/Silver) accents in a customization of the iconic Adidas Stan Smith (/wiki/Adidas_Stan_Smith) in early 2016. [27] (#cite_note-adidas_Originals-27) In November 2014, Chrome Hearts opened their Miami boutique, with a Fahey/Klein Gallery on the second floor that showcased photographs from the 20th century by various photographers. [28] (#cite_note-:6-28) Additionally, the boutique displayed artworks by Los Angeles artist Matt DiGiacomo and photographs from the Robert Mapplethorpe Estate. [28] (#cite_note-:6-28) A store for the luxury fashion brand The Elder Statesman and another branch of David's Cafe, a Cuban café in Miami, was also built within the boutique. [28] (#cite_note-:6-28) In December 2015, Ladurée (/wiki/Ladur%C3%A9e) worked with Chrome Hearts and opened a macaron (/wiki/Macaron) and tea café on the ground floor of Chrome Hearts' Miami store. [29] (#cite_note-:7-29) The café also sold a collectible macaron box. [29] (#cite_note-:7-29) On the second floor, they collaborated with Sean Kelly Gallery (/wiki/Sean_Kelly_Gallery) to display artworks by artists such as Mariko Mori (/wiki/Mariko_Mori) . [29] (#cite_note-:7-29) Chrome Hearts has had multiple collaborations with Virgil Abloh (/wiki/Virgil_Abloh) from Off-White. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 2015 and 2016, they collaborated on capsule collections, [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) with the latter primarily consisting of t-shirts. [30] (#cite_note-30) In 2018, they released a hoodie and another collection. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 2019, Abloh, alongside Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , hosted a fashion show at their New York branch. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) used to visit the factory in LA as a teenager and collaborated with the brand on a 40-piece apparel and accessories collection released in 2017. [31] (#cite_note-TEMPE_NAKISKA-31) The Chrome Hearts x Bella collection debuted at Paris Fashion Week, [32] (#cite_note-32) and is sold exclusively at Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-Natalie_Theodosi-34) Bella's sister Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) has modeled for the brand. [35] (#cite_note-35) It has had a few collaborations with Bella Hadid since then, including the release of an eyewear collection [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) and also tie-dye (/wiki/Tie-dye) t-shirts, for a Feeding America (/wiki/Feeding_America) fundraiser during the COVID-19 pandemic. [36] (#cite_note-36) These 49 t-shirts were hand-dyed by Bella Hadid, released in three different styles and sold for $260 each with all of the proceeds given to the fundraiser. [37] (#cite_note-37) In 2020, Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) collaborated with Chrome Hearts for his Rolls-Royce Cullinan (/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Cullinan) , which included a customized hood ornament, air conditioning knob and rims. [38] (#cite_note-:5-38) It was displayed at the Miami Institute of Contemporary Art for 1 week. [38] (#cite_note-:5-38) They also worked with Snapchat's (/wiki/Snapchat) Lens Studio to display an augmented reality (/wiki/Augmented_reality) version of the Rolls-Royce. [38] (#cite_note-:5-38) In May 2021, they worked together again to release a collection to promote Drake's album Certified Lover Boy (/wiki/Certified_Lover_Boy) . [39] (#cite_note-:8-39) This collection was limited and was exclusively sold in Chrome Hearts' Miami store. [39] (#cite_note-:8-39) In June 2021, Chrome Hearts and Baccarat (/wiki/Baccarat_(company)) co-produced a decanter and tumbler set, featuring Chrome Hearts' Pyramid Plus design. [40] (#cite_note-40) Locations [ edit ] Chrome Hearts boutique at the Beijing Yintai Centre (/wiki/Beijing_Yintai_Centre) Currently, there are Chrome Hearts boutiques in: [41] (#cite_note-41) USA: New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , [2] (#cite_note-Rosemary_Feitelberg-2) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , Malibu (/wiki/Malibu,_California) , Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , Honolulu (/wiki/Honolulu) , Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Aspen (/wiki/Aspen,_Colorado) [42] (#cite_note-42) Asia: Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Osaka (/wiki/Osaka) , Nagoya (/wiki/Nagoya) , Fukuoka (/wiki/Fukuoka) , Kobe (/wiki/Kobe) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Taipei (/wiki/Taipei) , Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , Busan (/wiki/Busan) , Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) , Hangzhou (/wiki/Hangzhou) , Chengdu (/wiki/Chengdu) [43] (#cite_note-43) Europe: Paris (/wiki/Paris) , London (/wiki/London) , Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) [44] (#cite_note-44) Caribbean: St. Barth (/wiki/St._Barth) [45] (#cite_note-45) Each Chrome Hearts boutique has been regarded as unique from one another as a result of the diversity of both interior design and exclusive clothing products. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Chrome Hearts is sold in luxury malls such as Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) , Isetan (/wiki/Isetan) , Prince's Building (/wiki/Prince%27s_Building) and Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) In 2018 and 2021, the brand opened a pop-up store in New York for the Sex Records collection, which included products such as customised clothing and toy cars. [46] (#cite_note-46) Awards and honours [ edit ] In 1992, Chrome Hearts won the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) Accessories Designer of the Year award. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [8] (#cite_note-STARK_CONTRAST2-8) [12] (#cite_note-Asaf_Rotman-12) [47] (#cite_note-47) In 2022, Richard and Laurie Lynn Stark received the CFDA Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award. [48] (#cite_note-48) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Chrome Hearts LLC (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=32985348) bloomberg.com (/wiki/Bloomberg.com) ^ a b Rosemary Feitelberg, Chrome Hearts Opens Second New York City Store in the West Village (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/chrome-hearts-opens-new-york-city-store-in-the-west-village-10866339/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , April 12, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Chrome Hearts 10th Anniversary Collection (https://hypebeast.com/2010/1/chrome-hearts-10th-anniversary-collection) , Eugene Kan, January 11, 2010 ^ a b c d e Genevieve Buck, Chrome Hearts: Leader Of The Pack (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1992-08-19/entertainment/9203150525_1_leather-jacket-sterling-silver) Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) , August 19, 1992 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Destefano, Mike. "The Evolution of Chrome Hearts" (http://www.complex.com/style/the-evolution-of-chrome-hearts) . Complex . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200708003849/https://www.complex.com/style/the-evolution-of-chrome-hearts) from the original on 2020-07-08. ^ (#cite_ref-6) T.S. Fox, Chrome Hearts Introduces Its Own Incense (https://hypebeast.com/2016/5/chrome-hearts-incense) Hypebeast May 4, 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Precision Watches & Jewelry , Chrome Hearts Eyewear: A Short History (https://www.precisionwatches.com/chrome-hearts-history/) August 15, 2016 ^ a b c Maxwell Williams, Stark Contrast: Chrome Hearts (http://vmagazine.com/article/stark-contrast-chrome-hearts/) V magazine (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) July 14, 2016 ^ a b c d Moore, Booth (December 4, 2019). "Moore From L.A.: How Chrome Hearts Is Wooing the Next Generation" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/chrome-hearts-wooing-the-next-generation-1203375567/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ a b c d Gallagher, Jacob. "Is 'Made in the U.S.A.' Dead? Not For L.A. Brand Chrome Hearts" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/chrome-hearts-los-angeles-11635778730) . Wall Street Journal . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211101151136/https://www.wsj.com/articles/chrome-hearts-los-angeles-11635778730) from the original on 2021-11-01. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Jake Shears, Two Chrome Hearts That Beat As One (http://www.papermag.com/two-chrome-hearts-that-beat-as-one-1425996064.html) Paper (/wiki/Paper_(magazine)) 03/14/2012 ^ a b Asaf Rotman, Surfaced: Chrome Hearts (https://www.grailed.com/drycleanonly/surfaced-chrome-hearts) Grailed July 27, 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Biker design duo lists classic townhouse for $14m (https://therealdeal.com/2013/03/19/biker-design-duo-lists-classic-ues-townhouse-for-14m/) The Real Deal , 2013/03/19 ^ (#cite_ref-:3_14-0) Cohen, Edie (April 2002). "Mecca on Melrose: L.A. is flocking to the jewelry-and-leather house that architect Mark Steele and Chrome Hearts designer Richard Stark built". Interior Design : 210+ – via Gale Academic OneFile. ^ a b Williams, Ryan (2021-12-09). "A History of the Fashion Zine" (https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/a38377908/a-history-of-the-fashion-zine/) . CR Fashion Book . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220104125857/https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/a38377908/a-history-of-the-fashion-zine/) from the original on 2022-01-04. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Chrome Hearts is Suing Fast Fashion Streetwear Brand MNML for Allegedly Hijacking its Famous Trademark" (https://www.thefashionlaw.com/chrome-hearts-is-suing-streetwear-fast-fashion-brand-mnml-for-hijacking-its-famous-trademark/) . The Fashion Law . 2020-04-24. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200425142827/https://www.thefashionlaw.com/chrome-hearts-is-suing-streetwear-fast-fashion-brand-mnml-for-hijacking-its-famous-trademark/) from the original on 2020-04-25. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Davis, Alyssa (2021-02-24). "Get Your Hands on Chrome Heart's Most Exclusive Drop Yet" (https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/a35618511/get-your-hands-on-chrome-hearts-most-exclusive-drop-yet/) . CR Fashion Book . Retrieved 2022-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-:9_18-0) Brogan, Rory (Mar 16, 2012). "Chrome of luxury". The Optician . 243 : 19 – via ProQuest. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Tran, Khanh T.L. (3 May 2016). "Chrome Hearts Introduces Incense as Part of First Fragrance Collection" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/chrome-hearts-incense-fragrance-collection-10423635/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-Rolling_Stones_20-0) "Chrome Hearts Remixes 2002 Rolling Stones Collaboration" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/chrome-hearts-rolling-stones-collaboration-blue-lonesome-album-10715495/) . WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . December 1, 2016 . Retrieved July 25, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Comme_des_Garçons_21-0) "Comme des Garçons x Chrome Hearts Collection" (https://hypebeast.com/2007/11/comme-des-garcons-x-chrome-hearts-collection) . hypebeast. November 29, 2007 . Retrieved July 25, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "A Bathing Ape x Chrome Hearts T-shirts" (https://hypebeast.com/2009/9/bathing-ape-chrome-hearts-tshirt-release) . HYPEBEAST . 2009-09-14 . Retrieved 2021-09-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-Robert_Mapplethorpe_23-0) Ruano, L. (July 12, 2010). "Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation x Chrome Hearts Sneakers" (https://hypebeast.com/2010/7/robert-mapplethorpe-foundation-chrome-hearts-sneakers) . Hypebeast . Retrieved May 24, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) David Fischer, Chrome Hearts x Rick Owens Sneakers (http://www.highsnobiety.com/2010/05/27/chrome-hearts-x-rick-owens-sneakers/) Highsnobiety May 26, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Check out 2NE1's fierce CF for '2NE1 Loves Shinsegae' (https://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/06/check-out-2ne1s-fierce-cf-for-2ne1-loves-shinsegae) " (https://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/06/check-out-2ne1s-fierce-cf-for-2ne1-loves-shinsegae) . allkpop . 2013-06-07 . Retrieved 2024-05-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Lisa Wang, With Shared Artisan Ethos, Chrome Hearts Invests in The Elder Statesman (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/bof-exclusive/shared-artisan-ethos-chrome-hearts-invests-elder-statesman) businessoffashion.com MARCH 31, 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-adidas_Originals_27-0) Cheng, Zarah (January 2016). "Chrome Hearts x adidas Originals Stan Smith" (https://hypebeast.com/2016/1/chrome-hearts-stan-smith) . Hypebeast . Retrieved May 24, 2017 . ^ a b c "Tour the New Miami Outpost of Chrome Hearts" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/new-chrome-hearts-location-miami) . Architectural Digest . 2014-11-30 . Retrieved 2022-01-13 . ^ a b c Tran, Khanh T.L. (October 12, 2015). "Chrome Hearts and Ladurée Add French Flair to Miami" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/chrome-hearts-laduree-miami-10260515/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Wheeler, André (2021-12-02). "Every Object Was a Canvas" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/02/style/every-object-was-a-canvas.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-TEMPE_NAKISKA_31-0) Nakiska, Tempe (May 19, 2017). "Family Affair: Bella Hadid talks us through her collection for Chrome Hearts" (http://hero-magazine.com/article/96598/bella-hadid-chrome-hearts/) . Hero . Retrieved May 24, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Yotka, Steff (March 1, 2017). "Bella Hadid's Chrome Hearts Collab Will Debut at Paris Fashion Week" (http://www.vogue.com/article/bella-hadid-chrome-hearts-collaboration-collection-paris-fashion-week-debut) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved May 24, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Ella Alexander, Bella Hadid talks us through her debut fashion collection for Chrome Hearts (http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/g37967/bella-hadid-chrome-hearts-collection/) Harper's BAZAAR (/wiki/Harper%27s_BAZAAR) 16 May 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-Natalie_Theodosi_34-0) Natalie Theodosi, Bella Hadid x Chrome Hearts Makes London Debut at Selfridges (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/bella-hadid-x-chrome-hearts-london-debut-selfridges-10886813/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , May 12, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-35) @chromeheartsofficial (https://www.instagram.com/p/BQnvhL0ASqB/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) ^ (#cite_ref-36) Diderich, Joelle (4 May 2021). "How tie-dye is helping fashion overcome the pandemic blues". Women's Wear Daily – via ProQuest. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Bobila, Maria. "You Can Buy Shirts Tie-Dyed By Bella Hadid For Charity" (https://www.nylon.com/fashion/chrome-hearts-bella-hadid-tie-dye-shirts-will-benefit-feeding-america) . Nylon . Retrieved 2022-01-13 . ^ a b c Kleinman, Rebecca (1 May 2020). "Drake Taps Chrome Hearts to Customize His Rolls-Royce" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/drake-taps-chrome-hearts-to-customize-his-rolls-royce-1234815844/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ a b Takanashi, Lei; Destefano, Mike (May 15, 2021). "A Brief History of Drake's Relationship With Chrome Hearts" (https://www.complex.com/style/drake-chrome-hearts-history/) . Complex . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211014094817/https://www.complex.com/style/drake-chrome-hearts-history/) from the original on 2021-10-14 . Retrieved 2022-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Campuzano, Luis (15 April 2021). "Chrome Hearts and Baccarat Unveil Latest Collaboration" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/chrome-hearts-baccarat-collaboration-1234801471/) . Women's Wear Daily . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Official page (http://www.chromehearts.com/locations) ^ (#cite_ref-42) Official page, USA (http://www.chromehearts.com/usa/) ^ (#cite_ref-43) Official page, Asia (http://www.chromehearts.com/asia/) ^ (#cite_ref-44) Official page, Europe (http://www.chromehearts.com/europe/) ^ (#cite_ref-45) Official page (https://www.chromehearts.com/locations/the%20americas) ^ (#cite_ref-46) Silbert, Jake (2021-09-10). "Chrome Hearts Sex Records New York Pop-Up: Inside Look" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/chrome-hearts-sex-records-new-york/) . Highsnobiety . Retrieved 2022-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) There's just no place like Chrome (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/1999/12/30/arts/theres-just-no-place-like-chrome/) MICHELLE DALTON TYREE, Japan Times (/wiki/Japan_Times) , DEC 30, 1999 ^ (#cite_ref-48) "The 2022 CFDA Fashion Awards Winners" (https://cfda.com/news/the-2022-cfda-fashion-awards-winners) . cfda.com . November 8, 2022 . Retrieved 2023-11-27 . 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Grishko Гришко Industry Manufacturing (/wiki/Manufacturing) Founded 1989 Founder Nikolay Grishko Headquarters Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Russia (/wiki/Russia) Area served Europe (/wiki/Europe) Products Dance Shoes (/wiki/Shoe#Dance) , Wear (/wiki/List_of_dancewear) & Accessories Number of employees 540 Website grishko-world (http://grishko-world.com) .com (http://grishko-world.com) Grishko Ltd. ( Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) : Гришко ) is a privately held manufacturer of dance shoes, wear and accessories. The company was founded in 1989 by Nikolay Grishko in Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Russia (/wiki/Russia) . It is an international company with four factories in Europe and sales in over 70 countries. [1] (#cite_note-hidden_champions-1) The company began as a pointe shoe manufacturer (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) and now produces many types of dance shoes and wear. [2] (#cite_note-organizational_dynamics-2) History [ edit ] Nikolay Grishko decided to start the company after hearing dancers complain about their footwear through his wife, a former ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina) . [3] (#cite_note-moscowtimes-3) [4] (#cite_note-passport_magazine-4) Shortly after starting the company in the early 1990s, many of the theatre workshops in Russia were forced to close and Nikolai recruited the master craftsmen from these theatre workshops to work with him. [4] (#cite_note-passport_magazine-4) Nikolay also recruited the only person to date to have a PhD in ballet shoe technology and mechanics. [1] (#cite_note-hidden_champions-1) As of 2014, the company consists of four factories in Europe, a flagship store in Moscow Russia and over 500 employees, including 76 people with registered disabilities. [5] (#cite_note-5) As of September 11, 2019, Grishko operates in the United States of America under the name Nikolay as the result of a legal battle with their US distributor, I.M. Wilson. [6] (#cite_note-6) Production [ edit ] Grishko pointe shoes are handmade using all natural materials (/wiki/Natural_material) and tested by professional dancers. [1] (#cite_note-hidden_champions-1) [7] (#cite_note-grishko_craftsmen-7) Grishko has developed several pointe shoe innovations such as using nano-technology to improve foot health, working with navy acoustics labs to reduce noise on stage and collaborating with a laboratory of starch products to develop better glues. [3] (#cite_note-moscowtimes-3) [8] (#cite_note-8) Grishko flagship store - Moscow, Russia Products [ edit ] Grishko's footwear line includes shoes for pointe, ballet, ballroom, jazz, acro, contemporary, gymnastics, character and theatre. [9] (#cite_note-DRN-9) The pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoes) are based on four main shapes, called "lasts" - the Grishko 2007, the Fouette, the Vaganova and the Elite. [9] (#cite_note-DRN-9) Grishko currently offers 26 different models of pointe shoes. The most recent pointe shoe added to the line is based on the Grishko 2007 last and is called the DreamPointe. The dancewear line includes leotards for ballet and gymnastics, warm-up boots, tights, stage costumes, knitwear, fitness, yoga, pilates and general active lifestyle wear. The Grishko dancewear workshop handcrafts intricate tutus, costumes and shoes. [10] (#cite_note-vaganova_academy-10) The company also produces dance accessories, such as toe pads, bags, ribbons, elastics and overlays. In 2014, Grishko created and produced its first 'haute couture' dancewear line in collaboration with Diana Vishneva (/wiki/Diana_Vishneva) and Tatyana Parfionova. [11] (#cite_note-11) Notable appearances [ edit ] In the December 2014 issue of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) photographed Amy Adams (/wiki/Amy_Adams) wearing Grishko's Nova 2007 model pointe shoes. [12] (#cite_note-12) Grishko products are commonly used in Vogue Russia, most notably in photoshoots by Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) In January 2014, Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) used Grishko pointe shoes for ballet themed window displays of its stores. [15] (#cite_note-15) Social causes [ edit ] Grishko supports dance schools and organizations such as The Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet (/wiki/Vaganova_Academy_of_Russian_Ballet) , The Dance Open and The Boris Eifman (/wiki/Boris_Eifman) Academy. [10] (#cite_note-vaganova_academy-10) [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ a b c McKiernan, Peter; Purg, Danica (11 December 2013). Hidden Champions in CEE and Turkey: Carving Out a Global Niche . pp. 292–295. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-642-40503-7 . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-organizational_dynamics_2-0) McCarthy, Daniel J.; Puffer, Sheila M.; Vikhanski, Oleg S.; Naumov, Alexander I. (2005). "Russian Managers in the New Europe: Need for a New Management Style" (http://www.cesruc.org/uploads/soft/130221/1-130221130339.pdf#search=grishko) (PDF) . Organizational Dynamics . 34 : 235. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2005.06.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.orgdyn.2005.06.004) . Retrieved 13 March 2015 . ^ a b "Russian Ballet Shoes Leave Their Footprint in the West" (http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/russian-ballet-shoes-leave-their-footprint-in-the-west/446389.html#ixzz1ceRh7mhb) . The Moscow Times . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ a b "Busy Hands" (http://www.passportmagazine.ru/article/1446/) . Passport Magazine . Retrieved 9 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hromova, Anna (8 April 2008). "Встать на пуанты" (http://www.rg.ru/2008/04/08/puanty.html) [Literally on Your Toes] (in Russian). Российская газета . Retrieved 10 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "I.M. Wilson, Inc. v. Otvetstvennostyou "Grichko", et al" (http://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/18D0795P.pdf) (PDF) . Retrieved 11 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-grishko_craftsmen_7-0) "Пуанты и поклонники" (http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/769107) [Profile of a Grishko Craftsman]. Коммерсантъ Деньги (in Russian). 28 May 2007 . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Levshina, Natalia (23 April 2008). "Встать на пуанты" (http://www.metronews.ru/novosti/bukval-no-na-pal-cah-kak-sh-jut-puanty/Tpomdw---vu5VDGQp91po/) [On Your Toes: How pointe shoes are made]. Metro News (in Russian) . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ a b Amy Brandt (July 2012). "From Russia With Love". Dance Retailers News . ^ a b "В Академии русского балета вводят школьную форму" (http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=1529550) [New Uniform of the Vaganova Academy]. Vesti (in Russian). 29 April 2014 . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Diana Vishneva Dancewear Line" (http://www.buro247.ru/events/photo-reports/prezentatciya-kollektcii-professionalnoy-baletnoy.html) . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Amy Adams and Tim Burton Reimagine The Red Shoes" (http://www.vogue.com/slideshow/4219943/december-cover-amy-adams-2014/#2) . Vogue . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Vogue Russia: Red Lady" (http://www.vogue.ru/magazine/articles/493508/) . Vogue Russia. October 2012 . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Vogue Russia: Patrick's Favourites" (http://www.vogue.ru/magazine/articles/494959/) . Vogue Russia. October 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Ralph Lauren Window Displays feat. Grishko" (http://www.grishko-world.com/about/news.php?ELEMENT_ID=5618) . Retrieved 12 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Two Russian Galas – Dance Open in St. Petersburg, Soul of Dance in Moscow" (http://dancetabs.com/2014/05/two-russian-galas-dance-open-in-st-petersburg-soul-of-dance-in-moscow/) . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.grishko-world.com) Grishko Russia (http://www.grishko.ru/) Grishko Shop Russia (https://grishko-shop.ru/) Grishko Czech Republic (http://www.grishko.cz/) Grishko UK (http://www.grishko.co.uk/) Grishko Canada (http://www.grishko.ca/) Grishko USA (http://www.grishko.com/) Grishko Brasil (http://www.grishko.com.br/) v t e Dance (/wiki/Dance) Index (/wiki/Index_of_dance_articles) Outline (/wiki/Outline_of_dance) List of dances (/wiki/List_of_dances) List of dancers (/wiki/List_of_dancers) Participation Solo (/wiki/Solo_dance) Partner (/wiki/Partner_dance) close embrace (/wiki/Close_embrace) closed position (/wiki/Closed_position) open position (/wiki/Open_position) slow dance (/wiki/Slow_dance) circle (/wiki/Circle_dance) contra (/wiki/Contra_dance) line (/wiki/Line_dance) round (/wiki/Round_dance) square (/wiki/Square_dance) Social (/wiki/Social_dance) Ceremonial (/wiki/Ceremonial_dance) Competitive (/wiki/Competitive_dance) Concert 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Armenian headdress A traditional Armenian male arakhchi headdress, 21st century An arakhchi ( Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_language) : արախչի , romanized (/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian) : arakhchi , Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijani_language) : araxçın ) is a traditional Armenian (/wiki/Armenia) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-melike-2) [3] (#cite_note-Avakyan1983-3) [4] (#cite_note-der-4) and Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijan) [5] (#cite_note-iranica-5) flat top skull cap headdress, worn by both men and women in the past. Arakhchis could be sewn of various textiles, such as tirma wool (/wiki/Wool) and silk (/wiki/Silk) . However, only one single-colour textile per arakhchi was used. The textile was made into a round shape fitting the head and then decorated with embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) , lace (/wiki/Lace) , beads (/wiki/Beads) and even pieces of gold. Men's arakhchis were relatively plain, especially those used for religious purposes (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) . [6] (#cite_note-6) In Western Armenia (/wiki/Western_Armenia) , men, especially freedom fighters, wore a red arakhchi draped with a bandana with tinsel as their native headgear to identify themselves. [2] (#cite_note-melike-2) The Armenian arakhchi was a truncated skull cap, knitted from wool or embroidered with multicolored woolen thread and a predominance of red. The way this traditional headdress was worn was a marker of its owner's marital condition, just as in Eastern Armenia (/wiki/Eastern_Armenia) , the right to wear an arakhchi belonged to a married man. [3] (#cite_note-Avakyan1983-3) Even though the arakhchi was traditionally a man's hat, Armenian women wore this headress as well; especially in Muş (/wiki/Mu%C5%9F) where Armenian singer Armenouhi Kevonian was known for her colorful arakhchi at her concerts. [7] (#cite_note-7) Hrayr Dzhoghk (/wiki/Hrayr_Dzhoghk) , an Armenian fedayi (/wiki/Armenian_fedayi) wearing an arakhchi An arakhchi could be worn alone or under other headdresses, such as papakhi (/wiki/Papakhi) , a turban (/wiki/Turban) or a kalaghai (/wiki/Kalaghai) . Women's arakhchis worn as early as the sixteenth century often lacked a special sack intended for braids (/wiki/Braid) . By the eighteenth century, it was already one of the most widespread headgears. [8] (#cite_note-8) Women used hairpins to secure their veils on the arakhchin. [9] (#cite_note-9) Arakhchins generally went out of use in the early twentieth century, with the mass adoption of European-style dress in Armenia and in what is now considered the Republic of Azerbaijan. References ^ (#cite_ref-1) L.S. Gushchyan (1916). Treasures of Western Armenia . Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation; Russian Museum of Ethnography. p. 52. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9939-9077-6-5 . Man's hat Arakhchi ^ a b Melike Batgiray (August 2019). "Of disguise and provocation: The politics of clothing in the late Ottoman empire, 1890-1910" (http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11693/52415/10292061.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y) (PDF) . Ankara (/wiki/Ankara) : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University (/wiki/Bilkent_University) : 61. Der Minasian states that all the fedayees were wearing the same uniform which consists of native headgear that was called Arakhchi; a flat red tarboosh draped with a bandana with tinsel {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires \|journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ a b Avakyan N. H. Armenian folk clothes (19th - early XX centuries). Yerevan ^ (#cite_ref-der_4-0) Rouben Der Minasian (1963). James G. Mandalian (ed.). Armenian freedom fighters : the memoirs of Rouben Der Minasian . Boston: Hairenik Associates. p. 71. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1300538 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1300538) . ^ (#cite_ref-iranica_5-0) P. A. Andrews And M. Andrews (December 15, 1992). CLOTHING xxi. Turkic and Kurdish clothing of Azerbaijan . Vol. V. Encyclopædia Iranica (/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica) . pp. 836–840. It is the headscarf (kalaḡay, Pers. kalāḡī), made from specially woven silks, that is the most persistent of traditional garments, sometimes worn over a low (6 cm) flat topped skullcap (araqčın), almost covered with gold embroidery, or alternatively a small bonnet (täsäk). ^ (#cite_ref-6) Арахчын - национальный азербайджанский головной убор (https://archive.today/20130417015159/http://habeo.ru/azija/azerbaizhdan/odezhda-v-azerbaidzhane/arahchyn-nacionalnyi-azerbaidzhanskii-golovnoi-ubor.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kegham Kevonian (March 17, 2017). "Moush - Song: Armenouhi Kevonian" (https://www.houshamadyan.org/mapottomanempire/vilayet-of-bitlispaghesh/kaza-of-moush/local-characteristics/song-armenouhi-kevonian.html) . www.houshamadyan.org . Armenouhi Kevonain photographed in the attire she would often wear to her concerts. The hat "arakhchi" which she wears is from Moush and traditionally the arakhchi is a man's hat. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Azerbaijani Traditional Garments (http://www.azerbaijan.az/_Culture/_FolkArts/folkArts_03_a.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Leyla Mustafayeva. Women's Headgears in the Nineteenth Century . Azerbaijan State University of Culture and Arts. 2011 External links Araxçın (https://web.archive.org/web/20130521041054/http://araxchin.com/) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter 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(/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Right to clothing (/wiki/Right_to_clothing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Braccae (/wiki/Braccae) Breeches (/wiki/Breeches) Sompot Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Culottes (/wiki/Culottes) Harem (/wiki/Harem_pants) Knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Saragüells (/w/index.php?title=Sarag%C3%BCells&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ca (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarag%C3%BCells) ] Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) Hobble (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) Poodle (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) Safeguard (/wiki/Safeguard_(costume)) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) Close-bodied gown (/wiki/Close-bodied_gown) Debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) Mantua (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Polonaise (/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing)) Robe de cour (/wiki/Robe_de_cour) Sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_dress) Tea gown (/wiki/Tea_gown) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Capote (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Caraco (/wiki/Caraco) Cardinal cloak (/wiki/Cardinal_cloak) Chamail (/wiki/Chamail_(clothing)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Kinsale cloak (/wiki/Kinsale_cloak) Dolman (/wiki/Dolman) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Exomis (/wiki/Exomis) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) Inverness cape (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) Kandys (/wiki/Kandys) Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Nadiri (/wiki/Nadiri) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) Overfrock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Palla (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) Pallium (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Kullu (/wiki/Kullu_shawl) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)) Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) Surtout (/wiki/Surtout) Ulster coat (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Visite (/wiki/Visite) Witzchoura (/wiki/Witzchoura) Underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Dickey (/wiki/Dickey_(garment)) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Open drawers (/wiki/Open_drawers) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Arakhchin Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Ba tầm (/wiki/Ba_t%E1%BA%A7m) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Blessed hat (/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gable hood (/wiki/Gable_hood) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Llawt'u (/wiki/Llawt%27u) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Matron's badge (/wiki/Matron%27s_badge) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Motoring hood (/wiki/Motoring_hood) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_Cap) Nemes (/wiki/Nemes) Nightcap (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Tainia (/wiki/Tainia_(costume)) Taranga (/wiki/Taranga_(clothing)) Welsh Wig (/wiki/Welsh_Wig) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbills (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) Hessian (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Manchu platform shoes (/wiki/Manchu_platform_shoes) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) Belt hook (/wiki/Belt_hook) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Cravat (early) (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) Jabot (/wiki/Jabot_(neckwear)) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Oes (/wiki/Oes) Partlet (/wiki/Partlet) Perfumed gloves (/wiki/Perfumed_gloves) Ruff (/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Visard (/wiki/Visard) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_cap) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Chilote (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Boss of the Plains (/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains) Fruit (/wiki/Fruit_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Party (/wiki/Party_hat) Shower (/wiki/Shower_cap) Tin foil (/wiki/Tin_foil_hat) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_hat) Whoopee (/wiki/Whoopee_cap) Sports Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Baggy green (/wiki/Baggy_green) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Bicycle clip (/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Horse racing (/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_cap) Rally (/wiki/Rally_cap) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Green eyeshade (/wiki/Green_eyeshade) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Swimming (/wiki/Swim_cap) Water polo (/wiki/Water_polo_cap) Historical (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Beaver (/wiki/Beaver_hat) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Boudoir (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Boyar (/wiki/Boyar_hat) Bycocket (/wiki/Bycocket) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coal scuttle bonnet (/wiki/Coal_scuttle_bonnet) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Dolly Varden (/wiki/Dolly_Varden_(costume)) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Pamela (/wiki/Pamela_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Poke bonnet (/wiki/Poke_bonnet) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Toque (/wiki/Toque) Witch (/wiki/Witch_hat) Gediminas' Cap (/wiki/Gediminas%27_Cap) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Arakhchin Asian conical (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Aso Oke (/wiki/Aso_Oke_hat) Astrakhan (hat) (/wiki/Canadian_military_fur_wedge_cap) Ayam (/wiki/Ayam_(cap)) Balmoral bonnet (/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet) Bell-boy (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Beonggeoji (/wiki/Beonggeoji) Bhadgaunle Topi (/wiki/Bhadgaunle_Topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Blue bonnet (/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Coloured (/wiki/Coloured_hat) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cork (/wiki/Cork_hat) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Doppa (/wiki/Doppa) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_cap) Energy dome (/wiki/Energy_dome) Fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Four Winds (/wiki/Four_Winds_hat) Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Fulani (/wiki/Fulani_hat) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Gat (/wiki/Gat_(hat)) Glengarry (/wiki/Glengarry) Icelandic tail (/wiki/Icelandic_tail-cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jobawi (/wiki/Jobawi) Kalpak (/wiki/Kalpak) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kofia (/wiki/Kofia_(hat)) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Kuma (/wiki/Kuma_(cap)) Labbade (/wiki/Labbade) Lika (/wiki/Lika_cap) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Montenegrin (/wiki/Montenegrin_cap) Montera picona (/wiki/Montera_picona) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Nambawi (/wiki/Nambawi) Nón quai thao (/wiki/N%C3%B3n_quai_thao) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Papakha (/wiki/Papakha) Pashteen (/wiki/Pashteen_hat) Pungcha (/wiki/Pungcha) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Rastacap (/wiki/Rastacap) Šajkača (/wiki/%C5%A0ajka%C4%8Da) Salako (/wiki/Salako) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Senufo bird (/wiki/Senufo_bird) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Šibenik (/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik_cap) Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhi_cap) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Sombrero calañés (/wiki/Sombrero_cala%C3%B1%C3%A9s) Sombrero cordobés (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Sombrero vueltiao (/wiki/Sombrero_vueltiao) Song (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Stormy Kromer cap (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Straw (/wiki/Straw_hat) Šubara (/wiki/%C5%A0ubara) Sun (/wiki/Sun_hat) Tam o' shanter (/wiki/Tam_o%27_shanter_(cap)) Tang (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Tanggeon (/wiki/Tanggeon) Tantour (/wiki/Tantour) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Tembel (/wiki/Tembel_hat) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Tsunokakushi (/wiki/Tsunokakushi) Tubeteika (/wiki/Tubeteika) Tuque (/wiki/Tuque) Tyrolean (/wiki/Tyrolean_hat) Upe (/wiki/Upe) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Welsh (/wiki/Welsh_hat) Yanggwan (/wiki/Yanggwan) Wrapped headwear Apostolnik (/wiki/Apostolnik) Bashlyk (/wiki/Bashlyk) Birrus (/wiki/Birrus) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Caul (/wiki/Caul_(headgear)) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Chaperon (/wiki/Chaperon_(headgear)) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) Do-rag (/wiki/Do-rag) Dumalla (/wiki/Dumalla) Emamah (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) Għonnella (/wiki/G%C4%A7onnella) Gook (/wiki/Gook_(headgear)) Gugel (/wiki/Gugel) Gulle (/wiki/Gulle) Haredi burqa sect (/wiki/Haredi_burqa_sect) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Hogeon (/wiki/Hogeon) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Jang-ot (/wiki/Jang-ot) Khăn vấn (/wiki/Kh%C4%83n_v%E1%BA%A5n) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) Roach (/wiki/Roach_(headdress)) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Sudra (/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)) Tichel (/wiki/Tichel) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Yashmak (/wiki/Yashmak) Hat parts Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Aigrette (/wiki/Aigrette) Brim (/wiki/Hat_brim) Bumper brim (/wiki/Bumper_brim) Campaign cord (/wiki/Campaign_cord) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Gamsbart (/wiki/Gamsbart) Hackle (/wiki/Hackle) Lappet (/wiki/Lappet) Plume (/wiki/Plume_(feather)) Sarpech (/wiki/Sarpech) Visor (/wiki/Visor) Accessories Cockade (/wiki/Cockade) Feathers (/wiki/Feather) Hat box (/wiki/Hat_box) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) v t e Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Hats (/wiki/Hat) caps (/wiki/Cap) General Asian conical (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Easter (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Fez (hat) (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Kofia (/wiki/Kofia_(hat)) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Salako (/wiki/Salako) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Straw (/wiki/Straw_hat) Sun (/wiki/Sun_hat) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Military Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign 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American designer and costumer to Dolly Parton This article is about the costume designer. For the musician, see Pretty Boy Floyd (American band) (/wiki/Pretty_Boy_Floyd_(American_band)) . Steven Kent Summers is an American costumer and creative director for Dolly Parton (/wiki/Dolly_Parton) . He has been styling Dolly Parton for more than 30 years. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Summers was raised in Harriman, Tennessee (/wiki/Harriman,_Tennessee) . At age 2, he lost 75 percent of his hearing as a result of the mumps (/wiki/Mumps) and is legally deaf. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) In his twenties, he worked as general manager at a retail store. He then went on to attend college to study English where he also sang with a group called the Celebration Singers. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Career [ edit ] In 1991, Summers auditioned as a singer/dancer at Dollywood (/wiki/Dollywood) and Opryland (/wiki/Opryland_USA) , and after offers from both signed on to Dollywood (/wiki/Dollywood) . He eventually became one of Dolly Parton's (/wiki/Dolly_Parton) onstage dance partners. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) After five years of performing there, Summers began designing sets and scenery for the productions, and later began designing wardrobe pieces. He remained on staff at Dollywood (/wiki/Dollywood) for 15 years. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) In 2006, Summers was appointed Parton's creative director for Dolly Parton Enterprises. At this point, Parton sent Summers to attend the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) . [5] (#cite_note-5) As creative director and stylist, Summers and his team create up to 300 ensembles for Parton each year. All of the clothing is customized, including the shoes Parton wears, and is kept in a 50,000 square foot warehouse that stores archival pieces going back to 1964. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Summers is also involved in all visual aspects of Parton's production, including album covers and stage sets; [6] (#cite_note-6) embellishing Parton's guitars and creating costume jewelry. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Additionally, he helped design and create the Chasing Rainbows Museum (/wiki/Chasing_Rainbows_Museum) at Dollywood. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Among Summers' designs for Parton was the dress she wore for her 50th wedding anniversary to Carl Dean in 2016. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2020, Summers made his directorial debut with the "When Life is Good Again" music video, featuring Dolly Parton. [8] (#cite_note-8) During the COVID-19 pandemic, Summers helped produce a series of virtual interviews and other content with Parton. He also was a producer for her 2022 holiday special "Dolly Parton's Magic Mountain Christmas." [9] (#cite_note-9) Personal life [ edit ] Summers was married for 23 years beginning in his twenties, and has three children. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) He came out as gay at age 44 and in 2008 met his now-husband, architect and interior designer Mark Williams. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hirschberg, Lynn (2021-10-06). "Dolly Parton Simply Doesn't Stop" (https://www.wmagazine.com/life/dolly-parton-interview-2021) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sheeler, Jason. "How Dolly Parton Looks Like Dolly: the Icon's Creative Director Reveals Her Costume Secrets" (https://people.com/style/dolly-partons-creative-director-steve-summers-reveals-her-costume-secrets-exclusive/) . Peoplemag . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b Langston, Stephanie (2019-11-13). "Dressing Dolly: A look behind her iconic style" (https://www.wate.com/news/dressing-dolly-a-look-behind-her-iconic-style/) . WATE 6 On Your Side . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Price, Deborah Evans (2019-10-30). "Industry Insiders: Meet Steve Summers, Dolly Parton's Creative Director" (https://www.soundslikenashville.com/news/industry-insiders-steve-summers-dolly-parton-creative-director/) . Sounds Like Nashville . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Woods, Cat (2023-07-12). "Meet Steve Summers, From Dancer To Dolly Parton's Creative Director" (https://www.partonandpearl.com/blog/meet-steve-summers-from-dancer-to-dolly-partons-creative-director) . Parton and Pearl . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Allaire, Christian (2023-05-10). " (https://www.vogue.com/article/dolly-parton-steve-summers-stylist-interview) "She Doesn't Follow Trends"; Dolly Parton's Longtime Stylist on Her Over-the-Top Style" (https://www.vogue.com/article/dolly-parton-steve-summers-stylist-interview) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Carter, Maria (2023-08-30). "Dolly Parton and Her Husband of 57 Years, Carl Dean, Have the Sweetest Love Story" (https://www.countryliving.com/life/entertainment/a43321/dolly-parton-carl-dean-love-story/) . Country Living . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Dolly, Team (2020-06-03). "Dolly Parton's "When Life Is Good Again" Video Inspires Hope With Help From Steve Summers" (https://dollyparton.com/life-and-career/when-life-is-good-again-video-director-steve-summers/17587) . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Haring, Bruce (2022-10-29). " (https://deadline.com/2022/10/dolly-partons-mountain-magic-christmas-holiday-special-film-sets-premiere-date-1235158288/) 'Dolly Parton's Mountain Magic Christmas' Holiday Special Film Sets Premiere Date" (https://deadline.com/2022/10/dolly-partons-mountain-magic-christmas-holiday-special-film-sets-premiere-date-1235158288/) . Deadline . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mowry, Lisa (2020-04-27). "An Atlanta designer hits all the right notes with this midcentury renovation" (https://www.atlantamagazine.com/homeandgarden/an-atlanta-designer-hits-all-the-right-notes-with-this-midcentury-renovation/) . Atlanta Magazine . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fashion_entrepreneur) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Fashion entrepreneur" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fashion+entrepreneur%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fashion+entrepreneur%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fashion+entrepreneur%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fashion+entrepreneur%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fashion+entrepreneur%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fashion+entrepreneur%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A fashion entrepreneur is a person who has possession of a fashion (/wiki/Fashion) enterprise, venture or idea, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and outcome. Definition [ edit ] Originating from the term entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) , a fashion entrepreneur is someone whose primary activities revolve around the fashion industry. For example, a fashion designer who uses entrepreneurial principles to organize, create, and manage ventures within related and connected areas of the fashion industry. [1] (#cite_note-1) Fashion ventures include guide books (/wiki/Guide_book) for fashion designers Current practice [ edit ] Fashion entrepreneurs focus on creating networks within the fashion industry and inter-connected projects with varying aims including education, profitability, and profile-building. Some fashion entrepreneurs work to provide a network of knowledge share platforms, other work to address social and structural issues goals. Core business practices for fashion entrepreneurs focus on topics such as creativity and innovation, writing [2] (#cite_note-2) business plans (/wiki/Business_plan) , raising finance, sales and marketing, and the small business management (/wiki/Business_management) skills needed to run a creative company. Fashion entrepreneurs seek to deliver fashion business expertise in retail (/wiki/Retail) , manufacturing (/wiki/Manufacturing) , money (/wiki/Money) and marketing (/wiki/Marketing) . The 21st century has seen the proliferation of organizations and award ceremonies promoting, inspiring and challenging online entrepreneurship by highlighting the enterprising attributes, creativity, innovation and the success of today's entrepreneurs. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) BOE magazine (https://www.boemagazine.com/2014/07/top-10-fashion-entrepreneurs-you-need-to-know/) - Retrieved 2 December 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cultivating Skills, Entrepreneurship and Innovation [1] (http://strategy.creative.vic.gov.au/cultivating-skills-entrepreneurship-innovation) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150626055523/http://www.strategy.creative.vic.gov.au/cultivating-skills-entrepreneurship-innovation) 26 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 9 October 2015 (Dead link) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Forbes (https://www.forbes.com/sites/elainepofeldt/2018/04/27/how-a-young-fashion-designer-hit-1-million-in-revenue-as-a-solo-entrepreneur/#346851056594) - Retrieved 2 December 2019 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐4wqcq Cached time: 20240713020543 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.119 seconds Real time usage: 0.174 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 241/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10664/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 213/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3233/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.060/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1495924/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 149.759 1 -total 62.81% 94.068 1 Template:More_citations_needed 60.88% 91.170 1 Template:Ambox 27.75% 41.556 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 12.37% 18.526 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 10.01% 14.989 1 Template:DMCA 7.55% 11.301 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category 6.77% 10.138 1 Template:Webarchive 4.95% 7.414 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 3.54% 5.296 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28230743-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713020543 and revision id 1193604307. 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This file does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐2mjhz Cached time: 20240713024043 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.006 seconds CPU time usage: 0.115 seconds Real time usage: 0.209 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 132/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8492/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7430/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.089/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1606118/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 190.638 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 100.00% 190.638 1 -total 66.60% 126.972 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.08% 2.053 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76150855-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713024043 and revision id 1224955227. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:1912ThurnRosePrintSilkDress.jpg&oldid=1224955227 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:1912ThurnRosePrintSilkDress.jpg&oldid=1224955227) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : File-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles)
American singer Natascha Bessez Born ( 1991-12-20 ) 20 December 1991 (age 32) Genres Europop (/wiki/Europop) Eurodance (/wiki/Eurodance) progressive house (/wiki/Progressive_house) dance-pop (/wiki/Dance-pop) Occupation(s) Singer dancer Instrument(s) Vocals Years active 2007–present Musical artist Natascha Bessez is an American singer and beauty pageant titleholder. She competed in the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2014 (/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014) and on The Bachelor Presents: Listen to Your Heart (/wiki/The_Bachelor_Presents:_Listen_to_Your_Heart) in 2020. Early life [ edit ] Bessez has a Chilean (/wiki/Chilean_American) mother and a father of French (/wiki/French_American) descent. [1] (#cite_note-ESCXTRA-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Pageantry [ edit ] Natascha Bessez Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Major competition(s) Miss New York Teen USA 2005 (/wiki/Miss_New_York_Teen_USA) Winner Bessez was named Miss New York Teen USA (/wiki/Miss_New_York_Teen_USA) 2005. [3] (#cite_note-3) Music career [ edit ] In 2007, Bessez was chosen to compete in the reality music competition on CW 11's Pussycat Dolls Present: The Search for the Next Doll (/wiki/Pussycat_Dolls_Present:_The_Search_for_the_Next_Doll) . After making it to the top 18, she then competed in the group audition round, where she performed, " I Don't Need a Man (/wiki/I_Don%27t_Need_a_Man) " by The Pussycat Dolls (/wiki/The_Pussycat_Dolls) along with Anjelia, Chelsea, Jasmin, Anastacia, and Robyn, but was eliminated. [ citation needed ] In 2014, Bessez competed in the Eurovision Song Contest Prelim's, Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2014 [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) with the song "Wanna Be Loved" along with Danish saxophonist Michael Rune (/wiki/Michael_Rune) . [5] (#cite_note-rules-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In the final held on 8 March 2014 in Odense (/wiki/Odense) , the duo performed tenth and made it into the superfinal after placing in the top three. In the superfinal, they received 7 points from the jury and 8 from the public vote, ending them up in a dual second place with Rebekka Thornbech and her song "Your Lies", behind the winner Basim (/wiki/Basim_(singer)) and his song " Cliche Love Song (/wiki/Cliche_Love_Song) ". [7] (#cite_note-7) "Wanna Be Loved" represented Denmark in the OGAE Second Chance Contest 2014 (/wiki/OGAE_Second_Chance_Contest_2014) , a contest where each country's OGAE fanclub (/wiki/OGAE) selects a song to represent them that didn't win their country's national selection. It placed fifth out of twenty competing songs. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-OGAE-9) In 2018, she auditioned for The Voice of Holland (/wiki/The_Voice_of_Holland) , p erforming “Finesse” by Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) and Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In 2020, she competed on The Bachelor Presents: Listen to Your Heart (/wiki/The_Bachelor_Presents:_Listen_to_Your_Heart) and was eliminated in week five of the competition. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Personal life [ edit ] In 2018, after meeting a Dutchman while living in New York City, she moved together with him to the town of Vlaardingen (/wiki/Vlaardingen) . [1] (#cite_note-ESCXTRA-1) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2007 Pussycat Dolls Present: The Search for the Next Doll (/wiki/Pussycat_Dolls_Present:_The_Search_for_the_Next_Doll) Herself; contestant 2008 Lipstick Jungle (/wiki/Lipstick_Jungle_(TV_series)) Waitress Episode: "Chapter Six: Take the High Road" 2008 Gossip Girl (/wiki/Gossip_Girl_(TV_series)) Cocktail Waitress Episode: "All About My Brother" 2008 Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_(film)) Patron Uncredited 2009 Confessions of a Shopaholic (/wiki/Confessions_of_a_Shopaholic_(film)) Wedding Guest Uncredited 2009 Royal Pains (/wiki/Royal_Pains) Party Guest Episode: "Nobody's Perfect" 2014 Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2014 (/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014#Before_Eurovision) Herself; contestant With Michael Rune (/wiki/Michael_Rune) 2018–2019 The Voice of Holland (/wiki/The_Voice_of_Holland) Herself; contestant Season 9 (/wiki/The_Voice_of_Holland_(season_9)) ; eliminated in battle rounds 2020 The Bachelor Presents: Listen to Your Heart (/wiki/The_Bachelor_Presents:_Listen_to_Your_Heart) Herself; contestant Eliminated in week 5 References [ edit ] ^ a b van Lith, Nick (November 9, 2018). "DMGP runner-up Natascha Bessez enters The Voice of Holland" (https://escxtra.com/2018/11/09/natascha-bessez-the-voice/) . ESCXTRA. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190418201009/https://escxtra.com/2018/11/09/natascha-bessez-the-voice/) from the original on April 18, 2019 . Retrieved January 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Natascha Bessez" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180610215914/http://www.sfpride.org/performer/natascha-bessez/) . San Francisco Pride (/wiki/San_Francisco_Pride) . 2018-06-21. Archived from the original (http://www.sfpride.org/performer/natascha-bessez/) on June 10, 2018 . Retrieved 2019-01-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Miss New York USA & Miss New York Teen USA Titleholder History" (http://www.pageantupdate.info/new-york-titleholder-history.html) . PageantUpdate.info. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190417054210/http://www.pageantupdate.info/new-york-titleholder-history.html) from the original on April 17, 2019 . Retrieved May 12, 2020 . ^ a b ten Veen, Byrenske (November 13, 2018). " (https://wiwibloggs.com/2018/11/13/she-came-to-torture-us-anouk-crushes-dmgp-2014-runner-up-natascha-bessez-during-the-voice-of-holland-audition/228662/) 'She came to torture us' — Anouk crushes DMGP 2014 runner-up Natascha Bessez during The Voice of Holland audition" (https://wiwibloggs.com/2018/11/13/she-came-to-torture-us-anouk-crushes-dmgp-2014-runner-up-natascha-bessez-during-the-voice-of-holland-audition/228662/) . Wiwibloggs. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200512225611/https://wiwibloggs.com/2018/11/13/she-came-to-torture-us-anouk-crushes-dmgp-2014-runner-up-natascha-bessez-during-the-voice-of-holland-audition/) from the original on May 12, 2020 . Retrieved January 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-rules_5-0) Therkelsen, Søren (19 August 2013). "Rules for the Danish National Song Contest 2014" (http://www.dr.dk/melodigrandprix/Artikler/2014/rulesdmgp2014.htm) . DR . Retrieved 27 September 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Storvik-Green, Simon (28 January 2014). "Lid lifted on the 10 Danish acts" (http://www.eurovision.tv/page/news?id=lid_lifted_on_the_10_danish_acts) . Eurovision.tv . Retrieved 28 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Storvik-Green, Simon (8 March 2014). "It's Basim for Denmark to Copenhagen!" (http://www.eurovision.tv/page/news?id=its_basim_for_denmark_to_copenhagen) . Eurovision.tv . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Christensen, Mette (22 April 2014). " (http://good-evening-europe.dk/2014/04/22/wanna-loved-til-second-chance-contest-2014) "Wanna Be loved" til Second Chance Contest 2014" (http://good-evening-europe.dk/2014/04/22/wanna-loved-til-second-chance-contest-2014) . good-evening-europe.com (in Danish) . Retrieved 14 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-OGAE_9-0) "The results of the OGAE Second Chance Contest 2014!" (http://www.sechuk.com/Sech14-Results-Day1.htm) . sechuk.com . October 19, 2014 . Retrieved October 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Reiher, Andrea (March 9, 2020). " (https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/03/the-bachelor-listen-to-your-heart-spoilers/) 'The Bachelor: Listen to Your Heart' Spoilers So Far" (https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/03/the-bachelor-listen-to-your-heart-spoilers/) . Heavy. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Barthwell, Ali (May 12, 2020). "The Bachelor: Listen to Your Heart Recap: New Rules" (https://www.vulture.com/2020/05/the-bachelor-listen-to-your-heart-recap-week-5-vegas.html) . Vulture. External links [ edit ] Natascha Bessez (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2712364/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) v t e New York pageant winners Miss New York (/wiki/Miss_New_York) Bess Myerson (/wiki/Bess_Myerson) (1945) Kris Krull (1974) Tawny Godin (/wiki/Tawny_Little) (1975) Mary Hinterberger (/wiki/Mary_Hinterberger) (1975) Vanessa Williams (/wiki/Vanessa_Williams) (1983) Maryalice Demler (/wiki/Maryalice_Demler) (1990) Brandi Burkhardt (/wiki/Brandi_Burkhardt) (1999) Jessica Lynch (/wiki/Jessica_Lynch_(Miss_New_York)) (2003) Christina Ellington (/w/index.php?title=Christina_Ellington&action=edit&redlink=1) (2004) Kandice Pelletier (/wiki/Kandice_Pelletier) (2005) Leigh-Taylor Smith (/w/index.php?title=Leigh-Taylor_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1) (2008) Claire Buffie (/wiki/Claire_Buffie) (2010) Kaitlin Monte (/wiki/Kaitlin_Monte) (2011) Mallory Hagan (/wiki/Mallory_Hagan) (2012) Nina Davuluri (/wiki/Nina_Davuluri) (2013) Kira Kazantsev (/wiki/Kira_Kazantsev) (2014) Jamie Lynn Macchia (/wiki/Jamie_Lynn_Macchia) (2015) Nia Franklin (/wiki/Nia_Franklin) (2018) Miss New York USA (/wiki/Miss_New_York_USA) Jackie Loughery (/wiki/Jackie_Loughery) (1952) Mary Therese Friel (/wiki/Mary_Therese_Friel) (1979) Jennifer Gareis (/wiki/Jennifer_Gareis) (1994) Shanna Moakler (/wiki/Shanna_Moakler) (1995) Kimberly Pressler (/wiki/Kimberly_Pressler) (1999) Jaclyn Nesheiwat (/wiki/Jaclyn_Stapp) (2004) Meaghan Jarensky (/wiki/Meaghan_Jarensky) (2005) Adriana Diaz (/wiki/Adriana_Diaz_(journalist)) (2006) Gloria Almonte (/wiki/Gloria_Almonte) (2007) Joanne Nosuchinsky (/wiki/Joanne_Nosuchinsky) (2013) Miss New York Teen USA (/wiki/Miss_New_York_Teen_USA) Ruth Zakarian (/wiki/Ruth_Zakarian) (1983) Jessica Collins (/wiki/Jessica_Collins) (1988) Kimberly Pressler (/wiki/Kimberly_Pressler) (1994) Gloria Almonte (/wiki/Gloria_Almonte) (2001) Adriana Diaz (/wiki/Adriana_Diaz_(journalist)) (2003) Natascha Bessez (2005) Taylor Gildersleeve (/wiki/Taylor_Black) (2009) Lisa Drouillard (/wiki/Lisa_Drouillard) (2011) Mrs. New York (/wiki/Mrs._America_(contest)) Meaghan Castaldi (/wiki/Meaghan_Jarensky) (2010) Miss New York World (/wiki/Miss_New_York_World) Michele Metrinko (/wiki/Michele_Metrinko) (1963) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/4ee841c5-03be-4301-9d50-48dfd38f9a29) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐2gnrm Cached time: 20240716075915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.468 seconds Real time usage: 0.653 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3208/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46022/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3202/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 64308/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.295/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7060691/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 574.595 1 -total 25.64% 147.314 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 24.03% 138.061 2 Template:Infobox 23.93% 137.496 1 Template:Reflist 20.71% 118.990 11 Template:Cite_web 14.40% 82.723 2 Template:Short_description 13.49% 77.512 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 8.90% 51.161 1 Template:New_York_Pageant_Winners 8.72% 50.128 6 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.25% 47.378 1 Template:Navbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42523914-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716075915 and revision id 1234812242. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natascha_Bessez&oldid=1234812242 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natascha_Bessez&oldid=1234812242) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1986 births (/wiki/Category:1986_births) Musicians from Manhattan (/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Manhattan) American women pop singers (/wiki/Category:American_women_pop_singers) American beauty pageant winners (/wiki/Category:American_beauty_pageant_winners) 2005 beauty pageant contestants (/wiki/Category:2005_beauty_pageant_contestants) 21st-century Miss Teen USA delegates (/wiki/Category:21st-century_Miss_Teen_USA_delegates) Dansk Melodi Grand Prix contestants (/wiki/Category:Dansk_Melodi_Grand_Prix_contestants) American people of Chilean descent (/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Chilean_descent) American people of French descent (/wiki/Category:American_people_of_French_descent) 21st-century American women singers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_singers) 21st-century American singers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_singers) Bachelor Nation contestants (/wiki/Category:Bachelor_Nation_contestants) Hidden categories: CS1 Danish-language sources (da) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Danish-language_sources_(da)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_musical_artist_with_associated_acts) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2015) Articles with MusicBrainz identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_MusicBrainz_identifiers)
Greek jewelry company Folli Follie Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) Folli Follie Group Company type S.A (/wiki/S.A._(corporation)) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) Athex (/wiki/Athens_Stock_Exchange) : FFGRP (http://www.helex.gr/en/stock-snapshot/-/select-stock/go/FFGRP) Industry Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_good) manufacture and retail Founded 1982 Headquarters Athens (/wiki/Athens) , Greece (/wiki/Greece) Key people George Koutsolioutsos ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Dimitris Koutsolioutsos ( Chairman (/wiki/Chairman) ) Products Jewelry (/wiki/Jewellery) Services sporting goods (/wiki/Sports_equipment) apparel retail and distribution Revenue € (/wiki/Euro) 1.337 billion (2016) [1] (#cite_note-ffgroup.com-1) Operating income (/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes) €262.27 million (2016) [1] (#cite_note-ffgroup.com-1) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) €226.91 million (2016) [1] (#cite_note-ffgroup.com-1) Total assets (/wiki/Asset) €2.580 billion (2016) [1] (#cite_note-ffgroup.com-1) Total equity (/wiki/Equity_(finance)) €1.884 billion (2016) [1] (#cite_note-ffgroup.com-1) Owner Dimitris Koutsolioutsos (35.1%) Fosun International (/wiki/Fosun_International) (13.9%) [2] (#cite_note-2) Number of employees 5,079 (2016) [1] (#cite_note-ffgroup.com-1) Website follifolliegroup.com (http://www.follifolliegroup.com/) Folli Follie is a Greek (/wiki/Greece) -based international company which designs, manufactures and distributes luxury jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) , watches (/wiki/Watches) and fashion accessories. History [ edit ] The company was established in 1982 in Greece by Dimitris Koutsolioutsos ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Δημήτρης Κουτσολιούτσος ). The first shop was in the commercial district of Athens (/wiki/Athens) . In 1995 the first overseas store opened, in Japan (/wiki/Japan) . It is now ranked amongst the top 10 brands in luxury goods in Japan with 80 points of sale. Folli Follie fully acquired its affiliate in Japan in 2008. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1997, Folli Follie was listed in the Athens Stock Exchange (/wiki/Athens_Stock_Exchange) . Capital was used to fund growth and geographic expansion. Folli Follie is currently active in 25 countries, including the UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) (London; Bond Street (/wiki/Bond_Street) , New Bond Street (/wiki/Bond_Street) , Cardiff & Glasgow; St Enoch Centre (/wiki/St_Enoch_Centre) ), Switzerland ( Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) ), Japan ( Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) ; Ginza (/wiki/Ginza) area), France ( Paris (/wiki/Paris) ), the US (New York; Madison Avenue (/wiki/Madison_Avenue) ), Taiwan (22 shops), China (more than 120 shops) and Russia (Moscow; Red Square (/wiki/Red_Square) ); it has over 380 points of sale. [4] (#cite_note-4) Folli Follie employs more than 5,900 people. [ when? ] [ citation needed ] Design [ edit ] The company's design team consists of Italian (/wiki/Italy) , Swiss (/wiki/Switzerland) and Greek (/wiki/Greece) top designers who work together to present two collections per year: Autumn/Winter and Spring/Summer. The collection's highlight is the "Premium K" collection which includes limited edition jewellery and accessories pieces. Folli Follie's philosophy is to offer a "full fashion concept" of branded, modern jewellery, watches and accessories at affordable prices. Acquisitions [ edit ] Hellenic acquired the British jewellery company Links of London (/wiki/Links_of_London) in 2006, with an enterprise value of £45 million. [5] (#cite_note-Moodie-5) In 2019 it went into administration and closed down all of its 28 stores. Stores [ edit ] The Folli Follie stores were allegedly 518 in 2017 (though this is disputed according to the report of Quintessential Capital Management. In 2022 there are 95 stores and stockists combined. [6] (#cite_note-6) Market Manipulation Fraud [ edit ] On May 4, 2018 Quintessential Capital Management made the fact-based allegation that "The image we received from reviewing Folli Follie’s (OTCPK:FLLIY) financial statements and official declarations over the year is that of a rapidly-growing multinational fashion company led by double-digit growth in its key segment: Asia. Unfortunately, following an extensive investigative and due diligence work, we find it impossible to reconcile that picture with our findings on the ground, which point to an unprofitable, struggling company with materially smaller, and rapidly decreasing revenue, network size, and cash balances. The core of the issue seems to be concentrated in FF’s Asian and, particularly, Chinese subsidiaries." [7] (#cite_note-7) Following the announcement the FF share price in the Greek stock market tumbled and after a few weeks trading was suspended. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Finally on 16.8.2018 a credit event occurred with one of FFs bonds, giving strong indication that Quintessential's allegations are valid. [10] (#cite_note-10) Events unfolded rapidly with Folli Follie Chairman and his wife (both cofounders of the company) quiting the business on September 27. [11] (#cite_note-11) Their son however remained as CEO claiming that his father has all the responsibility for the company's Asian branch misrepresentation of financial figures. [12] (#cite_note-12) Important shareholders like Fosun and Dufry demanded that Mr. Koutsolioutsos resigns his post [13] (#cite_note-13) as also did the union of employees who have appealed for the Greek courts help in order to place the company under a protective status vs its creditors. [14] (#cite_note-14) During 2019, courts repeatedly refused to halt repossession of collateral and real property by the creditors. Negotiations with strategic investors have reached a deadlock due to the company being unable to obtain protection from creditors. Audited accounts for 2018 have not been produced, and accounts for 2017 are likewise been suspended. According to the Greek newspaper Kathimerini, [15] (#cite_note-15) the auditing firm PwC has refused to certify the accounts for 2017, and attached a list reservations as the reason, among them the discovery of previously undisclosed loans in excess of 100 million euros to an affiliated asian company, without collateral or even interest payments. References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Annual report 2016 (http://www.ffgroup.com/uploads/60735/9cd3_ff_annual_2016_20x28cm_en-final_en.pdf) ffgroup.com ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Folli Follie Cmrcl Mfg and Techcl Co SA company : Shareholders, managers and business summary - Athens Stock Exchange: FFGRP" (http://www.4-traders.com/FOLLI-FOLLIE-CMRCL-MFG-AN-1408770/company/) . 4-Traders . Retrieved 10 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Folli Follie buys out Japanese unit for 12.7 mln eur" (https://archive.today/20080412011009/http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2008/01/29/afx4586269.html) . Thomson Financial . Forbes. 2008-01-29. Archived from the original (https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2008/01/29/afx4586269.html) on April 12, 2008 . Retrieved 2008-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Who We Are" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110930152540/http://www.follifollie.us.com/WHO_WE_ARE/10_11.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.follifollie.us.com/WHO_WE_ARE/10_11.html) on 2011-09-30 . Retrieved 2011-09-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-Moodie_5-0) Moodie, Martin. "Hellenic acquires Links of London" (http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=1178&doc_id=11535) . The Moodie Report . Retrieved 2006-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "STORES" (http://www.ffgroup.com/stores/) . Folli Follie Group . Retrieved 2022-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Folli Follie: The Other Greek Parmalat?" (https://seekingalpha.com/article/4169961-folli-follie-greek-parmalat) . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "(Upd)Trading in Folli Follie shares suspended; Fails to provide financial data" (http://www.marketall.eu/markets/13149-upd-trading-in-folli-follie-shares-suspended-fails-to-provide-financial-data-) . www.marketall.eu . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Folli Follie Owner Shares Slump as Short Seller Questions Reach" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-04/ff-group-shares-sink-after-short-seller-questions-network-reach) . Bloomberg.com . 4 May 2018 . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) " (http://www.capital.gr/epixeiriseis/3310817/-pistotiko-gegonos-sto-omologo-tis-folli-follie-se-elbetiko-fragko) 'Πιστωτικό γεγονός' στο ομόλογο της Folli Follie σε ελβετικό φράγκο" (http://www.capital.gr/epixeiriseis/3310817/-pistotiko-gegonos-sto-omologo-tis-folli-follie-se-elbetiko-fragko) . Capital.gr (in Greek) . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Ραγδαίες εξελίξεις και αγωνία για τη Folli Follie" (https://www.newsbeast.gr/financial/arthro/4021065/ragdaies-exelixeis-kai-agonia-gia-ti-folli-follie) . 27 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Τζώρτζης Κουτσολιούτσος: Την ευθύνη έχει ο πατέρας μου" (http://www.capital.gr/epixeiriseis/3319003/tzortzis-koutsolioutsos-tin-euthuni-exei-o-pateras-mou) . www.capital.gr . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Folli Follie: Εξοργισμένες Fosun και Dufry που απαίτησε την παραίτηση Κουτσολιούτσου" (http://bankingnews.gr/index.php?id=372121) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Folli Folie: Παραίτηση Κουτσολιούτσου και εκποίηση Attica από τις τράπεζες" (https://www.dikastiko.gr/%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF/folli-folie-%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7-%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%80%CE%BF/) . Dikastiko.gr (in Greek). 15 November 2018 . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Μπέλλος, Ηλίας. "Ενδείξεις για νέα "μαύρη τρύπα" 50 εκατ. στη Folli Follie \| Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ" (https://www.kathimerini.gr/1033585/article/oikonomia/epixeirhseis/endei3eis-gia-nea-mayrh-trypa-50-ekat-sth-folli-follie) . Retrieved 13 January 2021 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Folli Follie (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Folli_Follie) . Official website (http://www.follifolliegroup.com/) v t e Selected FTSE/Athex Large Cap (/wiki/FTSE/Athex_Large_Cap) companies of Greece (/wiki/Greece) (2 July 2017) Aegean Airlines (/wiki/Aegean_Airlines) Alpha Bank (/wiki/Alpha_Bank) Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (/wiki/Coca-Cola_Hellenic_Bottling_Company) Ellaktor (/wiki/Ellaktor) Eurobank Ergasias (/wiki/Eurobank_Ergasias) Folli Follie GEK Terna (/wiki/GEK_Terna) Athens Exchange (/wiki/Athens_Exchange) Hellenic Petroleum (/wiki/Hellenic_Petroleum) Jumbo (/wiki/Jumbo_SA) Metka (/wiki/Metka) Motor Oil Hellas (/wiki/Motor_Oil_Hellas) Mytilineos (/wiki/Mytilineos_Holdings) National Bank of Greece (/wiki/National_Bank_of_Greece) OPAP (/wiki/OPAP) OTE (/wiki/OTE) Piraeus Bank (/wiki/Piraeus_Bank) Piraeus Port Authority (/wiki/Port_of_Piraeus) Public Power Corporation (/wiki/Public_Power_Corporation) Titan Cement (/wiki/Titan_Cement) Viohalco (/wiki/Viohalco) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐nfxtd Cached time: 20240721003436 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.528 seconds Real time usage: 0.906 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2463/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 56093/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4261/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 64952/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.362/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15175157/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 632.138 1 -total 24.76% 156.506 1 Template:Reflist 19.94% 126.061 12 Template:Cite_web 18.04% 114.062 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.13% 101.972 1 Template:Infobox 14.97% 94.650 1 Template:Lang-el 14.89% 94.129 1 Template:Athex_20_companies 14.16% 89.541 1 Template:Navbox 11.58% 73.206 1 Template:Short_description 8.05% 50.866 2 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:13300026-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721003436 and revision id 1231293030. 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Thin, transparent, and lightweight textile This article is about tissue fabric. For other uses, see Tissue (disambiguation) (/wiki/Tissue_(disambiguation)) . Tissue is a thin, transparent, and lightweight material. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Tissue fabric is a suitable material for designing various types of garments, including saris. [3] (#cite_note-3) Tissue is characterized by the use of metallic yarns for decorative purposes. [4] (#cite_note-4) The tissue sari is composed of silk (/wiki/Silk) threads in the warp (/wiki/Warp_and_weft) and zari (/wiki/Zari) in the weft (/wiki/Warp_and_weft) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Etymology [ edit ] The word tissue (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tissue) has its origins in the French language, specifically from the term tissu (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tissu) , which means fabric. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Characteristics and types [ edit ] The term tissue is used to denote a type of fabrics (/wiki/Textile) that are characterized by their delicate, lightweight, and transparent nature. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Tissue gingham (/wiki/Gingham) is a type of plain-weave (/wiki/Plain_weave) fabric that is lightweight and is characterized by its yarn-dyed (/wiki/Dyed#Yarn_dyeing) construction. [8] (#cite_note-8) Tissue fabric may be woven, knitted (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) , or even nonwoven (/wiki/Nonwoven) , and features a film-like layer. [9] (#cite_note-9) Tissue faille (/wiki/Faille) is a type of lightweight dress material, which is produced using an acetate warp and rayon in the weft. At one point, it was also recognized as a trademark material and commonly used for blouses. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) The tissue figured cloths belong to the class of intricately patterned muslins that are produced using the jacquard weaving technique. These textiles are created using fine threads for the base material, while the designs are formed through the use of thicker filling yarns. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Tissue taffeta can be described as a taffeta textile that is both delicate and lightweight, featuring a sheer quality. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) The fabric known as silver or gold tissue can be characterized as a type of metal cloth, woven from fine threads of silver or gold, and possessing a transparent and gauzy texture. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Tissue matalassé was a type of Tissue fabric introduced in 1839, characterized by a surface of small squares resembling quilting. This fabric was commonly used for making overcoats for men. [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) Use [ edit ] The mention of court dresses, [11] (#cite_note-11) gowns made from tissue fabric is noted in records from the early 1700s. [12] (#cite_note-12) Tissue has been used as dress material for various types of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , such as saris (/wiki/Sari) , turbans (/wiki/Turban) , veils (/wiki/Veil) , and others. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) are made from wool and silk blends. [13] (#cite_note-13) Tissue fabric has been utilized in women's clothing for a considerable period of time. Historical records reveal several instances of dresses made from Tissue fabric, which have been utilized in various ways. Here are a few examples: In 1851, Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) wore a pink dress made from shot silk and silver tissue to the opening of the Great Exhibition. [14] (#cite_note-:4-14) Princess Charlotte of England wore a trained wedding dress in 1816, which was made of machine-made warp net of silk and embellished with silver thread and strip embroidery. The net borders were adorned with floral, leaf, and shell motifs, while the underskirt was crafted from silver tissue. [14] (#cite_note-:4-14) Tissue satins, alongside other lightweight fabrics such as satin-backed crepes and crepes de Chine, held the predominant position in the realm of women's high fashion during the 1920s. [15] (#cite_note-15) Tissue sari [ edit ] A tissue saree (or tar-bana [16] (#cite_note-16) ) is typically composed of a pure silk body on the warp, while the weft and borders are made of gold thread. Additionally, the weft is made of gold lace and the silk warp is doubled in both the heddles and reed, resulting in a heavier fabric than usual. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Brocades (/wiki/Brocade) on Tissue sarees are woven using silk yarn for the body and feature exquisite zari (/wiki/Zari) patterns on the pallu , which is the border of the sari. [19] (#cite_note-19) Kanchipuram (/wiki/Kanchipuram) is a well-known hub for crafting Tissue sarees, which are made by skillfully interweaving silk and lace. These sarees are available in different sizes, ranging from 0.61 to 1.32 meters in width and 5.49 to 9.14 meters in length. They are adorned with various colors and designs, and boast attractive borders. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Banaras (/wiki/Varanasi) has been renowned for its weaving heritage since ancient times. The city is particularly celebrated for producing various types of sarees in its weaving centers. Among these, several exclusive varieties hold a special place, including jangla , tanchoi , vaskat , cutwork, tissue, and butidar . [22] (#cite_note-22) Indian fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_design) continue to incorporate Tissue fabric as a decorative element in their dress collections. Designed by Sabyasachi (/wiki/Sabyasachi_Mukherjee) , Alia Bhatt wore an embroidered handwoven tissue veil during her wedding ceremony. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) Manish Malhotra (/wiki/Manish_Malhotra) designed a sari which was adorned with large tissue ruffles, worn by Mira Rajput Kapoor. [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Agrawal, Yashodhara (2003). Silk brocades . New Delhi: Roli Books. p. 65. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7436-258-2 . ^ a b c Picken, Mary Brooks (1999). A dictionary of costume and fashion : historic and modern : with over 950 illustrations . Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 352. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-40294-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Indian Trade Journal . Department of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics. 1963. p. 1209. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152018/https://books.google.com/books?id=wapKEF0fnDAC&q=tissue+silk+saree) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hart, Avril (1998). Fashion in detail : from the 17th and 18th centuries . New York: Rizzoli. p. 222. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8478-2151-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dhamija, Jasleen (1995). The Woven Silks of India . Marg Publications. p. 104. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-85026-28-2 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230425074727/https://books.google.com/books?id=zmNQAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Tissue+Sari%22+-wikipedia&q=%22Tissue+Sari%22+-wikipedia&hl=en) from the original on 25 April 2023 . Retrieved 25 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) King, Brenda M. (3 September 2005). Silk and Empire . Manchester University Press. pp. xviii. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7190-6700-6 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230425073328/https://books.google.com/books?id=vqua3eovs7kC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR18&dq=%22Tissue+Sari%22+-wikipedia&hl=en) from the original on 25 April 2023 . Retrieved 25 April 2023 . ^ a b c d e Fairchild's dictionary of textiles . New York: Fairchild Publications. 1959. p. 559. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kadolph, Sara J. (1998). Textiles . Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merrill. p. 409. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-13-494592-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Textiles By Kadolph Sara J Marck . p. 1837. ^ (#cite_ref-:3_10-0) Cumming, Valerie (2010). The dictionary of fashion history . Oxford ; New York: Berg. p. 274. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-534-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Hayward, Maria (5 July 2017). Dress at the Court of King Henry VIII . Routledge. p. 205. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-351-56917-0 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407210038/https://books.google.com/books?id=LTorDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA205&dq=tissue+silk+gowns&hl=en) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) LUSON, Jane (1835). Exhibition of Ancient Female Court Costume ... [By Permission of the Executors of Mrs. Jane Luson.] Third Edition . W. Barnes. p. 19. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407093406/https://books.google.com/books?id=IICypxGmNw8C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA19&dq=tissue+silk+gowns&hl=en) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Pinhorn), Jane Thomas (née (1858). The London and Paris ladies' magazine of fashion, ed. by mrs. Edward Thomas . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407101832/https://books.google.com/books?id=7ycGAAAAQAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT199&dq=tissue+silk+gowns&hl=en) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . The mixed tissues of wool and silk are exclusively reserved for negligés . ^ a b Baclawski, Karen (1995). The guide to historic costume . New York: Drama Book Publishers. pp. 99, 225. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-89676-137-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Elegance in an age of crisis : fashions of the 1930s . New Haven: Yale University Press. 2014. p. 63. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-20420-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Mohanty, Bijoy Chandra (1984). Brocaded Fabrics of India . Calico Museum of Textiles. p. 29. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407082139/https://books.google.com/books?id=1fYOAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=tissue+silk+saree&q=tissue+silk+saree&hl=en) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) General, India (Republic) Office of the Registrar (1964). Census of India, 1961 . Manager of Publications. p. 10. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152019/https://books.google.com/books?id=IfscAQAAMAAJ&q=tissue+silk+saree) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Textiles and Dress of India: Socio-economic, Environmental and Symbolic Significance . University of Minnesota. 1992. p. 254. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407081037/https://books.google.com/books?id=_NFOAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=tissue+silk+saree&q=tissue+silk+saree&hl=en) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Sumathi, G. J. (2007). Elements of Fashion and Apparel Design . New Age International. p. 60. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-224-1371-7 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230421093318/https://books.google.com/books?id=4oO1sxv8jBwC&dq=tissue+silk+saree&pg=PA60) from the original on 21 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Madras Information . Director of Information and Publicity, Government of Madras. 1968. p. 20. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230421053639/https://books.google.com/books?id=FgwoAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=tissue+silk+saree&q=tissue+silk+saree&hl=en) from the original on 21 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Cultures, Institute of Traditional (1968). Bulletin of the Institute of Traditional Cultures, Madras . University of Madras. p. 339. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230407163503/https://books.google.com/books?id=ujAoAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=tissue+silk+saree&q=tissue+silk+saree&hl=en) from the original on 7 April 2023 . Retrieved 7 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Buch, Nidhi; Trivedi, Hetvi (30 December 2021). Geographical Indications of Indian Handlooms: Between Legal Right and Real Right . Taylor & Francis. p. 59. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-000-52225-9 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230426062806/https://books.google.com/books?id=kNxSEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA59&dq=banarasi+tissue+sarees&hl=en) from the original on 26 April 2023 . Retrieved 26 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Alia Bhatt is not your quintessential bride in red lehenga but a stunning Sabyasachi dulhan in ivory saree. We love!" (https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/fashion/story/alia-bhatt-is-not-your-quintessential-bride-in-red-lehenga-but-a-stunning-sabyasachi-dulhan-in-ivory-saree-we-love-1937588-2022-04-14) . India Today . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230406125502/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/fashion/story/alia-bhatt-is-not-your-quintessential-bride-in-red-lehenga-but-a-stunning-sabyasachi-dulhan-in-ivory-saree-we-love-1937588-2022-04-14) from the original on 6 April 2023 . Retrieved 6 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Did Kangana Ranaut wear Alia Bhatt's wedding saree before her? Find out" (https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/did-kangana-ranaut-wear-alia-bhatts-wedding-saree-before-her-find-out-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-90862735) . TimesNow . 15 April 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230406125502/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/did-kangana-ranaut-wear-alia-bhatts-wedding-saree-before-her-find-out-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-90862735) from the original on 6 April 2023 . Retrieved 6 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "11 times celebrities proved that ruffled saris are this season's favourite wedding outfit" (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/bollywood-ruffled-sari-styles-deepika-padukone-mira-rajput-kapoor-alia-bhatt-celebrities-weddings) . Vogue India . 20 November 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230406125503/https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/bollywood-ruffled-sari-styles-deepika-padukone-mira-rajput-kapoor-alia-bhatt-celebrities-weddings) from the original on 6 April 2023 . Retrieved 6 April 2023 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tissue_(cloth)&oldid=1225624596 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tissue_(cloth)&oldid=1225624596) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Textile arts (/wiki/Category:Textile_arts) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from May 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2023)
Indian fashion designer Rajesh Pratap Singh (born 1969 [1] (#cite_note-WSJ28-1) ) is a noted fashion designer from India (/wiki/India) , based in New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) . Singh originally from Rajasthan, graduated from NIFT (/wiki/NIFT) , Delhi in 1994, however he was trained with New Delhi–based designer David Abraham for a year, before graduating. He, further went to work with the Italian menswear label, Marzotto (/wiki/Marzotto) for two years. [1] (#cite_note-WSJ28-1) Singh started his own line of men's and women's clothing in 1997 after his experience of twelve years in the fashion industry in India (/wiki/India) and Italy. The designer is known for his minimalism and understated design aesthetics with a sharp eye for detailings. Pratap's exploration with fabric texturing and most prominently his creative usage of pin tucks has almost become synonymous to the label. The key to his work lies in simplicity, clean cuts and flawless detailings. The designer's belief in silence is reflected in the name of his pret line RIP (Rest in Peace). Pratap has showcased in collections in Paris and Milan (/wiki/Milan) as well apart from India (/wiki/India) [2] (#cite_note-IE9-2) [3] (#cite_note-lm1-3) He is also the Associate Design member of Fashion Design Council of India (/wiki/Fashion_Design_Council_of_India) (FDCI). Personal life [ edit ] Singh comes from the family of doctors from Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) His father, being a cardiologist, expected him to take up medicine. However, Pratap was inclined towards his cousin profession who was a costume assistant on a BBC production set in India. [1] (#cite_note-WSJ28-1) The designer is often termed to be a recluse [6] (#cite_note-TH12-6) and a media-shy person as he believes that people should associate themselves with his work instead of his name. His wife Payal works alongside him. [7] (#cite_note-TOI16-7) Pratap is a rock climber and a regular biker and remarked in an interview that he is attracted to the machine as it is an engineered product with a certain precision that gives him a sense of the carefree. The designer also feels that travelling helps in evolving creativity. [8] (#cite_note-DNA25-8) Career [ edit ] In 2006, Pratap's spring summer collection at the Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week (/wiki/Wills_Lifestyle_India_Fashion_Week) (WIFW) was widely appreciated, bringing him into the spotlight of the year's fashion event. The designer's summer collection instead of revolving around the colour white had fluorescent line of limes and yellows combined with rich reds. Maintaining his signature style of pin tucks, the collection also played with the concepts of yokes, ribs and sequins. The most striking feature of the range was the unusual individuality of each garment although they were worked in and around the same concept. [9] (#cite_note-DNA6-9) In 2007, Wills Lifestyle introduced the Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week (/wiki/Wills_Lifestyle_India_Fashion_Week) line by Rajesh Pratap Singh for which the designer created the range of menswear and womenswear with his signature minimal styling. Products offered in the line included shirts, jackets, popovers etc. for men and shirt dresses, tunics, shirts and evening gowns etc. for women. The range was designed to suit formal as well informal occasions. [10] (#cite_note-Th4-10) In 2008, Rajesh showcased spring summer 2009 collection at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) which was positively received. The focus of the collection was the play of fabrics such as cotton and organza. The designer also experimented with the colour palette by using bright hues such as fuchsias and corals. With wearable, clean and structured cuts, the products were well appreciated. [11] (#cite_note-Ei5-11) In the same year, Pratap showcased is autumn winter line in the WIFW titled Valentino Rossi meets Mother Teresa, Biker's Jacket meet the Saree depicting glimpses of India (/wiki/India) to the West in a completely new manner. Black dominated the pallette with an underplay of electric blues, magentas and reds. The range showcased varied amalgamation of silhouettes such as one-piece dresses in textured leathers, dhoti pants, double-breasted and angrakha-jackets, and short jerseys paired with churidar-pants, as well as long skirts embellished with silver patterns. The collection came out to be an interesting combination of tough biker look and soft Indian elegance. [12] (#cite_note-TOI17-12) In 2010, the designer took the theme of Bespoke Tales projecting the progression of the art of tailoring as seen by the tailor. Showcasing the grand finale autumn winter collection at the Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week (/wiki/Wills_Lifestyle_India_Fashion_Week) titled Us and Them depicting the perception of the fashion industry by the non-industry people. The key highlight of the collection was the utilitarian significance such as the wide use of double cloth which could be worn inside out, the concept of reversible garment and the use of unwoven fabrics. The colour pallette had the dominance of black, red and blue with products ranging from dresses, jackets and trenchcoats to name a few. [13] (#cite_note-ie2-13) [14] (#cite_note-TOI23-14) [15] (#cite_note-TH24-15) Singh also showcased his collection at the Van Heusen India Men's Week (VHIMW) in the same year. The collection was quite unconventional with Rock N Roll imprints on it. [16] (#cite_note-TOI5-16) In the same year, Rajesh along with stylist Ambika Pillai (/wiki/Ambika_Pillai) worked on the look of the cabin crew of Indigo Airlines (/wiki/Indigo_Airlines) . He designed the bi-coloured clean-cut tunic and a hat with the airline's wings displayed on it. [17] (#cite_note-nk3-17) In 2011, the designer showcased his spring summer collection in WIFW which was the amalgamation between Ikkat (/wiki/Ikkat) weave from the state of Orissa (/wiki/Orissa,_India) and handloom textiles. The colours had vibrant shades of fuchsias and oranges with clean cut tunics, shirt dresses and hooded shirts and jackets to name a few. Designer Rakesh Thakore, Rohit Bal (/wiki/Rohit_Bal) , Rita Kapur Chisti and model and actor Rahul Dev walked the ramp clad in the designer's collection. [18] (#cite_note-HT11-18) In the same year, the designer associated with TATA (/wiki/Tata_Motors) Motors in the design project of TATA Manza where he gave his inputs in the design and the interior of the model. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-IE13-20) In 2011, the designer's autumn winter collection at WIFW, named as Architectural Romance became laborious was quite experimental. Black and white dominated the pallette of the range with bubble silhouettes and anti-fits. The range had elements such as floral embroideries, leather and felt appliques, pixelated leather sequins and some fine textiles termed as the Aluminium Ikkat by the designer himself. [21] (#cite_note-IE20-21) Pratap, in 2011, also presented his collection at the grand finale of Dubai Fashion Week. The collection had the dominance of Black with the print hues appearing in the floral motifs. The range reflected his use of de-structured cuts and sleek finishing with offerings like ankle-length velvet coats and the cocoon-inspired dresses with dropped shoulders and tapering hemlines. The striking feature of the range was the metal Ikkat (/wiki/Ikkat) pattern, geometrical prints of hexagonal shapes featured heavily in the 41 creations. [22] (#cite_note-KT22-22) Rajesh Pratap Singh has a domestic retail presence of six standalone flagship stores across the country and selected multibrand boutiques. Internationally the label retails through some select boutiques. Philanthropy and craft revival initiatives [ edit ] In 2009, the designer showcased his ecologically responsible collection at the "Green Fashion Show" on Earth Day organised by National Geographic Channel (/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel) in partnership with the British Council and Madi Design. The designer came up with the collection of hand woven and hand spun special organic cotton and other eco-friendly material. [23] (#cite_note-Th8-23) Pratap is closely working with backward and forward integration as well as technical improvements in Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) (handspun and handwoven fine cotton and wool). He is also working with a cooperative society for developing India's finest Cashmere. [24] (#cite_note-TH7-24) The designer is also working on the state government sponsored project to promote and popularise Orissa handlooms and textiles in India and abroad by improving designs and create a market for the same. [25] (#cite_note-TOI30-25) In 2012, Pratap was one of the twelve designers who showcased for a special show against human traffic in WIFW joining hands with an organisation, you can free us , which rescues women from forced prostitution founded by NRI philanthropist Sujo John. The show began with a story of one such woman, Alice, who was rescued from a brothel in New Delhi, rehabilitated and then featured in a fashion shoot titled as Alice in Wonderland photographed by Subi Samuel. Singh's ensemble depicted hope with a strong black and orange churidar frock ensemble. [26] (#cite_note-ITI21-26) Awards [ edit ] The designer has won many awards – Designer of the Year at the GQ Men of the Year awards in 2009 Designer of the Year named by Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) in 2007 Kingfisher Designer of the Year award in 2001 and 2005 Best Menswear Designer honour at the Fashion Awards 1996 [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ a b c "The Designers" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB105787792579340700?mod=googlewsj) . The Wall Street Journal . 11 June 2003 . Retrieved 13 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-IE9_2-0) Zakaria, Namrata (24 March 2010). "P is for Pratap" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/p-is-for-pratap/594858/0) . The Indian Express . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-lm1_3-0) "Rajesh Pratap Singh's show at the WLIFW" (http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/LEYcNWMP4cWTWEMsiLWc8L/Rajesh-Pratap-Singh8217s-show-at-the-WLIFW.html) . live mint . 15 May 2008 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Royals are always in fashion" (http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2006-08-30/news/27430915_1_royals-fashion-ritu-kumar) . The Times of India . 30 August 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "609 Manish Arora, the magician and the monk" (http://www.india-seminar.com/2010/609/609_interview_ii.htm) . ^ (#cite_ref-TH12_6-0) Behal, Suchitra (25 March 2007). "Long overdue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104830/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2007/03/25/stories/2007032500180500.htm) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Chennai, India. Archived from the original (http://www.hindu.com/mag/2007/03/25/stories/2007032500180500.htm) on 31 May 2014 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-TOI16_7-0) DUTTA, AYANDRALI (14 May 2009). "Glamorous fashion do in Delhi" (https://archive.today/20130216064041/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-14/delhi/28209069_1_glamorous-fashion-rahul-khanna-designers) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-14/delhi/28209069_1_glamorous-fashion-rahul-khanna-designers) on 16 February 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-DNA25_8-0) "I would trade anything for a good set of wheels" (http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_i-would-trade-anything-for-a-good-set-of-wheels_1463689) . Daily News & Analysis . 8 November 2010 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-DNA6_9-0) Saran, Sathya (2 September 2006). "Rajesh steals the show at Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week" (http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_rajesh-steals-the-show-at-wills-lifestyle-india-fashion-week_1050830) . Daily News & Analysis . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Th4_10-0) "Minimal fashion" (https://archive.today/20130216050613/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/07/21/stories/2007072150580200.htm) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Chennai, India. 21 July 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/07/21/stories/2007072150580200.htm) on 16 February 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ei5_11-0) Chakrabarti, Paromita (4 October 2008). "PrÊt Á Pratap" (http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/prt-pratap/369209/) . Express India . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-TOI17_12-0) Amar, Charu (15 March 2008). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20110910160849/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/shows/27764196_1_biker-india-fashion-week-collection) 'Biker look' gets a softer touch" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110910160849/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/shows/27764196_1_biker-india-fashion-week-collection) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/shows/27764196_1_biker-india-fashion-week-collection) on 10 September 2011 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-ie2_13-0) "Designers are basically tailors: Rajesh Pratap Singh" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/designers-are-basically-tailors-rajesh-pratap-singh/596992/1) . The Indian Express . 29 March 2010 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-TOI23_14-0) SHARMA, KALPANA (29 March 2010). "A 'different' Grand finale!" (https://archive.today/20130216072722/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-29/shows/28132539_1_grand-finale-front-row-clothes) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-29/shows/28132539_1_grand-finale-front-row-clothes) on 16 February 2013 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-TH24_15-0) Shah, Shalini (10 March 2010). "Insider tales" (http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article228488.ece) . The Hindu . Chennai, India . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-TOI5_16-0) Sharma, Garima (20 November 2010). "Twice as nice" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110917175325/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-20/shows/28232995_1_rohit-bal-fashion-collection) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-20/shows/28232995_1_rohit-bal-fashion-collection) on 17 September 2011 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-nk3_17-0) "Rajesh Pratap and Ambika Pillai To Give New Look To Indigo's Cabin Crew" (http://www.newkerala.com/news/world/fullnews-23610.html) . newsKerala.com . 18 August 2010 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-HT11_18-0) "Ikkat Magic With Rajesh Pratap Singh" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120608215112/http://www.hindustantimes.com/audio-news-video/AV-Entertainment/Ikkat-magic-with-Rajesh-Pratap-Singh/Article2-770846.aspx) . Hindustan Times . Archived from the original (http://www.hindustantimes.com/audio-news-video/AV-Entertainment/Ikkat-magic-with-Rajesh-Pratap-Singh/Article2-770846.aspx) on 8 June 2012 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Tata Motors partners with Rajesh Pratap Singh for Tata Manza" (http://www.moneylife.in/article/tata-motors-partners-with-rajesh-pratap-singh-for-tata-manza/20403.html) . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-IE13_20-0) "Tata Motors partners with designer Rajesh Pratap Singh" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/tata-motors-partners-with-designer-rajesh-pratap-singh/857098/) . The Indian Express . 7 October 2011 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-IE20_21-0) Vasudev, Shefalee (9 April 2011). "ALUMINIUM IKAT AND HALF A TROUSER" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ALUMINIUM-IKAT-AND-HALF-A-TROUSER/773780/) . The Indian Express . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-KT22_22-0) "It's a wrap" (http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=/data/citytimes/2011/April/citytimes_April175.xml&section=citytimes&col=) . Khaleej Times . 25 April 2011 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Th8_23-0) Tankha, Madhur (20 April 2009). "Commitment towards Mother Earth" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090424195844/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/20/stories/2009042056260200.htm) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Chennai, India. Archived from the original (http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/20/stories/2009042056260200.htm) on 24 April 2009 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-TH7_24-0) Sengupta, Hendol (20 September 2009). "An ethos of elegance" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090926075319/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/09/20/stories/2009092050280700.htm) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Chennai, India. Archived from the original (http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/09/20/stories/2009092050280700.htm) on 26 September 2009 . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-TOI30_25-0) Mishra, Sandeep (31 May 2011). "Orissa handlooms to go the designer way" (https://archive.today/20130216064053/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-31/bhubaneswar/29603712_1_designers-orissa-textiles) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-31/bhubaneswar/29603712_1_designers-orissa-textiles) on 16 February 2013 . Retrieved 13 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-ITI21_26-0) Jakhar, Deepti (18 February 2012). "Special show against human trafficking at Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week" (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/special-show-against-human-trafficking-wills-lifestyle-india-fashion-week/1/174229.html) . India Today.in . Retrieved 12 January 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.rajeshpratapsingh.com/) "Rajesh Pratap Sngh" (http://www.fdci.org/Member.aspx?mid=-1512779449&cat=2) . Fashion Design Council of India (FDCI). 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