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American fashion designer Vicky Tiel (aka Vicki Tiel) [1] (#cite_note-fashionEncy-1) is an American-born fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) who established her career in Paris, France. [2] (#cite_note-NYT1-2) She is a couture designer [3] (#cite_note-book-3) and also has her own line of clothes on the Home Shopping Network (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) . She is the author of the book, It's All About The Dress: What I Learned in Forty Years About Men, Women, Sex and Fashion published in 2011. [4] (#cite_note-4) Early years [ edit ] Vicky Kay Tiel was born in Washington DC (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) to Ethel Kipnes, a painter from Hudson, New York (/wiki/Hudson,_New_York) and David Tiel, a Polish-Russian born architect and builder. She studied fashion design at Pratt Institute (/wiki/Pratt_Institute) and later Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School) in New York City. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 1963 while still in school, Tiel created the one-piece zip-front jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) , later worn by Ursula Andress (/wiki/Ursula_Andress) in Woody Allen (/wiki/Woody_Allen) 's, What's New Pussycat? (/wiki/What%27s_New_Pussycat%3F) . While at Parsons School of Design in 1962, Tiel met Mia Fonssagrives (daughter of Swedish supermodel Lisa Fonssagrives (/wiki/Lisa_Fonssagrives) and step-daughter of fashion photographer Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) ), and the two quickly became friends and business partners. [6] (#cite_note-wsj-6) They moved to Paris (/wiki/Paris) in 1964 and met designer Louis Féraud (/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9raud) . In Féraud's couture show in July 1964, the Mia-Vicky mini dress was introduced. [1] (#cite_note-fashionEncy-1) After seeing the Mia-Vicky minis at the Féraud show, The International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_herald_Tribune) writer, Eugenia Sheppard (/wiki/Eugenia_Sheppard) , wrote in headlines in "Anyone in Fashion Over 25 Might as Well Be Dead". Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) magazine wrote a five-page story on the young designers titled, "Two American Girls Show Paris" and they were internationally recognized. [7] (#cite_note-7) In December 1964, Johnny Carson invited Tiel and Fonssagrives in their mini dresses on his "Tonight Show". Career [ edit ] Tiel's first film credit as a costume designer was for What's New Pussycat? (/wiki/What%27s_New_Pussycat%3F) , shot in Paris, France. While shooting at the studio, Tiel met her first financial backer, Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) . In 1968, after four years of dressing Taylor, Tiel and Taylor became partners in the Mia-Vicky couture house. In May 1968, the Mia-Vicky shop opened on 21 Rue Bonaparte (/wiki/Rue_Bonaparte) Paris and is still in operation today. As a costume designers, Tiel and Fonssagrives introduced a satin wrap dress in 1967 for the movie Candy (/wiki/Candy_(1968_film)) worn by actress Ewa Aulin (/wiki/Ewa_Aulin) . [2] (#cite_note-NYT1-2) In 1970, after Fonssagrives divorced Féraud and left Paris, Tiel changed her label and their boutique into her own name, Vicky Tiel. In 2012, Vicky Tiel joined HSN TV (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) in St Petersburg, Florida to produce a line of affordable dresses and in 2013 Tiel added sportswear, coats and handbags, all produced from a licensing agreement with G111 Corporation at 512 7th Ave, NY. This is Tiel's first work as a designer for an American company since the late 60s. Perfumes [ edit ] Since 1989, Tiel has launched the fragrances "Original", "Sirene", "Venus", "Etheree, "Ulysse", "Couture", "Desiree","Achilles", "Sensual", and "Tickled Pink". "Sirene" and "Ulysse" have sold worldwide since their debut and are currently licensed by 5 Star Fragrance. Publications [ edit ] Tiel published a memoir titled It's All About the Dress in 2011 by St Martin's Press (/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Press) , [3] (#cite_note-book-3) and has appeared at the 2012 LA Times Book Fair. Tiel published a second book, The Absolute Woman: It's All About Feminine Power in 2018. [8] (#cite_note-8) Tiel is a frequent blogger on The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) and XO JANE (/wiki/XoJane) . Personal life [ edit ] Vicky Tiel was married to make-up artist, Ron Berkeley, from 1971 to 1986. Tiel and Berkeley have two sons, Rex and Richard. In 1996, Tiel married Merchant Marine Officer, Captain Mike Hamilton and resides in Paris, NY, and on a Florida wilderness farm. Fine art and other works [ edit ] In 2011, Tiel became a member of National Association of Women's Artists on 80 5th Ave, NYC, where Tiel and her mother, Ethel Kipnes, both show their work in oil paintings and photographs. Tiel is a fashion critic and frequent lecturer at the Fashion Institute of Technology in NY. Costume Designer, Film Credits [ edit ] What's New Pussycat , 1964 The Eye of the Devil , 1966 The Grand Prix , 1966 Doctor Faustus , 1967 Candy , 1968 The Walking Stick , 1970 The Only Game in Town , 1970 Bloomfield , 1971 Le Mans , 1971 La Maison Sous Les Arbres , 1971 Bluebeard , 1972 Tiel's dresses have appeared on the leading actresses in Saturday Night Fever (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever) 1977, Black Rain 1989 and Pretty Woman (/wiki/Pretty_Woman) 1990 References [ edit ] ^ a b "Fashion Encyclopedia" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Sp-To/Tiel-Vicky.html) . Advameg, Inc . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . ^ a b Petkanas, Christopher (19 August 2011). "Vicky Tiel;'s 40-Year Career in Fashion" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/fashion/vicky-tiels-40-year-career-in-fashion.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) . The New York Times . Retrieved 15 July 2013 . ^ a b Benbow-Pfalzgraf, Taryn (2002). CONTEMPORARY FASHION SECOND EDITION (PDF) . Farmington Hills, MI: St. James Press. p. 646. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-55862-348-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Koski, Lorna (22 August 2011). "Vicky Tiel Releases Tell-All Book" (http://www.wwd.com/eye/people/vicky-tiel-releases-tell-all-book-5081100) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 16 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hyde, Nina (/wiki/Nina_Hyde) (February 14, 1988). "Vicky Tiel, Reeling Them In" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/02/14/vicky-tiel-reeling-them-in/dc228bda-595c-4e01-a24c-95b5b96311c4/) . The Washington Post . p. H3. ^ (#cite_ref-wsj_6-0) Catton, Pia (13 August 2011). "A Miniskirt Started It" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903366504576486522597438758) . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 26 July 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Two American Girls Show Paris". Life Magazine . January 5, 1965. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Moody, Erica (January 7, 2019). "Fashionable Life: Designer to the Stars Vicky Tiel Shares Life & Style Advice" (https://washingtonlife.com/2019/01/07/fashionable-life-designer-to-the-stars-vicky-tiel-shares-life-style-advice/) . Washington Life Magazine . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://vickytiel.com/) IMDB (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0862848/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1/) Tiel, Vicky (2011). It's All About the Dress: What I Learned in Forty Years About Men, Women, Sex, and Fashion . St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4299-8704-2 . Tiel, Vicky (2018). The Absolute Woman: It's All About Feminine Power . Post Hill Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-64293-010-8 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/169585091) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2011014265) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h1462q) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐25pzl Cached time: 20240714095333 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.361 seconds Real time usage: 0.459 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 701/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21109/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 489/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39421/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.249/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4777667/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 425.069 1 -total 37.84% 160.825 1 Template:Reflist 25.34% 107.711 1 Template:Authority_control 24.52% 104.243 1 Template:Short_description 23.62% 100.419 2 Template:Cite_web 13.43% 57.083 2 Template:Pagetype 7.73% 32.846 1 Template:Official_website 6.82% 28.993 4 Template:Main_other 5.91% 25.136 1 Template:SDcat 5.90% 25.079 5 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39585409-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714095333 and revision id 1195433022. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicky_Tiel&oldid=1195433022 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicky_Tiel&oldid=1195433022) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) American women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers) Parsons School of Design alumni (/wiki/Category:Parsons_School_of_Design_alumni) Pratt Institute alumni (/wiki/Category:Pratt_Institute_alumni) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) People from Chevy Chase, Maryland (/wiki/Category:People_from_Chevy_Chase,_Maryland) Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School alumni (/wiki/Category:Bethesda-Chevy_Chase_High_School_alumni) 21st-century American women (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SNAC-ID_identifiers) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 2012 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2012) 2013 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2013) 2014 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2014) 2015 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2015) 2016 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2016) 2017 2018 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2018) 2019 2020 2021 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2021) 2022 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7cd59cdcfb‐wcxtz Cached time: 20240717235802 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.140 seconds Real time usage: 0.239 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 53/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2636/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 18/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.111/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 978048/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 226.551 1 -total 79.02% 179.014 1 Template:Navseasoncats 20.88% 47.314 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59030093-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717235802 and revision id 895646562. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 2017" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 11 Honoré (/wiki/11_Honor%C3%A9) C Corteiz (/wiki/Corteiz) F Freak Vault Clothing (/wiki/Freak_Vault_Clothing) H Hoodies and Stones Clothing (/wiki/Hoodies_and_Stones_Clothing) I Inamorata (brand) (/wiki/Inamorata_(brand)) L Lucy & Yak (/wiki/Lucy_%26_Yak) T Tapestry, Inc. (/wiki/Tapestry,_Inc.) Teddy Fresh (/wiki/Teddy_Fresh) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2017&oldid=895646562 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2017&oldid=895646562) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2017 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2017_in_fashion) Clothing companies established in the 21st century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_21st_century) Design companies established in 2017 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_2017) Manufacturing companies established in 2017 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_2017) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment)
Navajo fashion designer Orlando Dugi is a Diné (/wiki/Navajo) (Navajo) fashion designer. He is a member of the Navajo Nation (/wiki/Navajo_Nation) , and currently lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico (/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico) . [1] (#cite_note-CNT-1) Early life [ edit ] Dugi was raised on his family's sheep ranch on Grey Mountain the Navajo Nation (/wiki/Navajo_Nation) in North-Central Arizona (/wiki/North_Central_Arizona) . [1] (#cite_note-CNT-1) [2] (#cite_note-SAR-2) He learned hand-sewing from his grandmothers at an early age. Later in the 7th grade, he took a home economics class where he learned how to use a sewing machine. [3] (#cite_note-303Mag-3) Work [ edit ] Orlando Dugi, Diné Warrior Twins 2022 Orlando Dugi, Gold Sun Bomber Jacket 2022 Dugi's work is influenced by both his Diné heritage as well as modernism. His work has been described as expressing "poetic interpretations of cultural teachings and songs without literally encroaching upon them. His fashion designs are often hand-stitched and hand-beaded, embroidered and embellished with feathers, and often incoporate elements of his silversmithing work. [2] (#cite_note-SAR-2) [4] (#cite_note-AIR-4) In 2018, Dugi presented his work at Style Fashion Week in New York City, where he "wowed the crowd" with his hand-beaded designs that have been described as "ethereal". [5] (#cite_note-ICT-5) Dugi has exhibited his work at the Autry Museum of the American West (/wiki/Autry_Museum_of_the_American_West) [1] (#cite_note-CNT-1) in Los Angeles, the Denver Art Museum (/wiki/Denver_Art_Museum) , the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture (/wiki/Museum_of_Indian_Arts_and_Culture) , the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian (/wiki/Wheelwright_Museum_of_the_American_Indian) , [2] (#cite_note-SAR-2) [6] (#cite_note-Wheel-6) the Avenir Museum of Design and Merchandising, [3] (#cite_note-303Mag-3) among other venues. His work was included in the traveling exhibition, Native Fashion Now , organized by the Peabody Essex Museum (/wiki/Peabody_Essex_Museum) . [4] (#cite_note-AIR-4) The Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian published a catalog in conjunction with his exhibition of the same title, It's in the Details: Kenneth Williams and Orlando Dugi. [6] (#cite_note-Wheel-6) A documentary film titled, Becoming:Orlando Dugi , was directed by Kaela Waldstein. [7] (#cite_note-RN-7) It has been presented in several film festivals, including the Human Rights Film Festival. [8] (#cite_note-HRFF-8) Awards and honors [ edit ] Dugi has been recognized for his work with awards from the Heard Museum (/wiki/Heard_Museum) Guild Art Show, the Cherokee Art Show, and the Southwestern Association for Indian Arts (/wiki/Santa_Fe_Indian_Market) , among other honors. In 2018, Dugi was awarded a two-month long residency at the Museum of the Institute of American Indian Art (/wiki/Institute_of_American_Indian_Arts) in Santa Fe, New Mexico. [4] (#cite_note-AIR-4) In 2022, Dugi was named the Rollin and Mary Ella King Fellow, received a Native American Artist Fellowship from the School for Advanced Research (/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Research) . The fellowship supported his research into historic textile techniques and materials. During his time at SAR, he completed a garment inspired by this research as well as research into the Diné and pre-historic Southwestern peoples. [2] (#cite_note-SAR-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Biggers, Ashley (May–June 2024). "Runway to Santa Fe". Conde Nast Traveler : 34. ^ a b c d "Native American Fellows, 2022, Orlando Dugi" (https://sarweb.org/iarc/native-american-artist-fellowships/2022-artists/orlando-dugi/) . School for Advanced Research . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ a b "CSU Welcomes Designer, Orlando Dugi, in Celebration of Native American Heritage Month" (https://303magazine.com/2019/11/orlando-dugi/) . 303 Magazine . 4 November 2019 . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ a b c "Orlando Dugi" (https://iaia.edu/a-i-r-journal-orlando-dugi/) . Institute of American Indian Arts, AIA Journal . 1 April 2018 . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-ICT_5-0) "Orlando Dugi Shows at Style Fashion Week in New York City" (https://ictnews.org/archive/orlando-dugi-shows-at-style-fashion-week-in-new-york-city) . ICT News: IndiJ Public Media . 13 September 2018 . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ a b "It's in the Details: Kenneth Williams and Orlando Dugi" (https://wheelwright.org/exhibition/its-in-the-details-kenneth-williams-and-orlando-dugi/) . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-RN_7-0) "Becoming: Orlando Dugi" (https://www.rednationff.com/film/16856624/) . Red Nation International Film Festival . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-HRFF_8-0) "Becoming: Orlando Dugi" (https://actfilmfest.colostate.edu/films/becoming-orlando-dugi/) . ACT: Human Rights Film Festival . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . Further reading [ edit ] Manuela, Maria and Dugi, Orlando, Three Questions with Designer Orlando Dugi , New Mexico Magazine, August 2020. Scott, Chadd, Orlando Dugi: Diné Fashion Designer and Beadwork Artist , First American Art Magazine, No. 38, Spring 2023. Greeves, Teri (/wiki/Teri_Greeves) , Orlando Dugi: Diné Beadwork Artist and Fashion Designer , No. 0, Spring 2013. External links [ edit ] Official website (https://orlandodugi.com) Artist talk with Orlando Dugi at the School for Advanced Research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DaaOTC7QSI&t=4s) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b95665745‐t265f Cached time: 20240624154712 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.161 seconds Real time usage: 0.235 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 567/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11897/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 394/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30255/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.098/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4162662/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 208.014 1 -total 52.94% 110.116 1 Template:Reflist 36.90% 76.750 2 Template:Cite_journal 35.20% 73.225 1 Template:Short_description 16.92% 35.202 2 Template:Pagetype 12.96% 26.962 3 Template:Main_other 12.10% 25.165 1 Template:SDcat 8.92% 18.556 1 Template:Authority_control 8.31% 17.285 6 Template:Cite_web 0.92% 1.906 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76719105-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624154712 and revision id 1224356857. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando_Dugi&oldid=1224356857 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando_Dugi&oldid=1224356857) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Native American designers (/wiki/Category:Native_American_designers) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) American fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_businesspeople) Artists from Arizona (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Arizona) Navajo artists (/wiki/Category:Navajo_artists) Navajo male artists (/wiki/Category:Navajo_male_artists) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
For the British video artist, see Jane and Louise Wilson (/wiki/Jane_and_Louise_Wilson) . Louise Wilson OBE (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) Born Louise Janet Wilson [1] (#cite_note-gazette-1) ( 1962-02-23 ) 23 February 1962 [2] (#cite_note-2) Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge) , England Died 16 May 2014 (2014-05-16) (aged 52) Scotland Academic work Institutions Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Arts_and_Design) Louise Janet Wilson OBE (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (23 February 1962 – 16 May 2014) was a British professor of fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) . Louise Wilson was based at the Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Arts_and_Design) in London (/wiki/London) , where she was the course director of their MA (/wiki/Master_of_Arts) in Fashion from 1992 until 2014. Her former students include Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Jonathan Saunders (/wiki/Jonathan_Saunders) , Louise Goldin (/w/index.php?title=Louise_Goldin&action=edit&redlink=1) , Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) , Marios Schwab (/w/index.php?title=Marios_Schwab&action=edit&redlink=1) , Peter Jensen (/wiki/Peter_Jensen_(fashion_designer)) , Richard Nicoll (/wiki/Richard_Nicoll) , Christopher Shannon (/wiki/Christopher_Shannon) , Yu Lun Eve Lin (/w/index.php?title=Yu_Lun_Eve_Lin&action=edit&redlink=1) , Charles Jeffrey (/wiki/Charles_Jeffrey_(fashion_designer)) and Sophia Kokosalaki (/wiki/Sophia_Kokosalaki) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Life and career [ edit ] Wilson was born in Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge) , England, moving to the Scottish Borders (/wiki/Scottish_Borders) later in her childhood. [6] (#cite_note-frankel-6) After initially studying textiles (/wiki/Textiles) at Galashiels Technical College, she went on to take a degree in fashion at Preston Polytechnic (later the University of Central Lancashire (/wiki/University_of_Central_Lancashire) ), [7] (#cite_note-Guardian-7) graduating in 1984 with first class honours. In 1986 she gained an MA in Fashion with distinction from Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) (later Central St Martins). [8] (#cite_note-8) She worked for various designers including Les Copains, Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) and Daniel Hechter (/wiki/Daniel_Hechter) and as a designer for Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) jeans (/wiki/Jeans) before becoming an associate lecturer at St Martins in the early 1990s. [6] (#cite_note-frankel-6) In 1992 she succeeded Bobby Hillson (/wiki/Bobby_Hillson) as the course director of the MA degree programme in Fashion Design. [6] (#cite_note-frankel-6) [9] (#cite_note-sherwood-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) She moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in 1997 to become creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) for Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) . After two years she returned to Central St Martins and was made a full professor in 1999, although she simultaneously continued to work for Donna Karan until 2002. [6] (#cite_note-frankel-6) Awards and honours [ edit ] Wilson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (OBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours (/wiki/2008_Birthday_Honours) for services to education and the fashion industry. [1] (#cite_note-gazette-1) In 2012 she received the Isabella Blow Award for Fashion Creator at the British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) ; [11] (#cite_note-11) on announcing the award the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) described her as "one of the foremost educators of her generation". [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-AFP-13) Personal life [ edit ] Wilson had a long-term partner and a son who was in his twenties at the time of her death. [14] (#cite_note-14) She was treated for breast cancer (/wiki/Breast_cancer) , but continued to work during her treatment. [13] (#cite_note-AFP-13) Death and legacy [ edit ] Wilson died in her sleep while visiting her sister in Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) on 16 May 2014, aged 52. [7] (#cite_note-Guardian-7) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ a b "No. 58729" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/58729/supplement/13) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 14 June 2008. p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Prof Louise Wilson, OBE" (http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/w/26485/Louise+WILSON.aspx) . Debrett's People of Today (/wiki/Debrett%27s_People_of_Today) . Retrieved 2 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sanders, Charlotte (26 October 2008). "Louise Wilson: style dictator" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG3365696/Louise-Wilson-style-dictator.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 4 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Davis, Johnny (7 February 2010). "The fashion stars of Central Saint Martins" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/feb/07/central-saint-martins-louise-wilson) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 4 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Arts Insider interview Professor Louise Wilson OBE" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110510130135/http://newsevents.arts.ac.uk/20979/arts-insider-interview-professor-louise-wilson-obe/) . University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) . 18 February 2011. Archived from the original (http://newsevents.arts.ac.uk/20979/arts-insider-interview-professor-louise-wilson-obe/) on 10 May 2011 . Retrieved 4 May 2011 . ^ a b c d Frankel, Susannah (24 September 2011). "Louise Wilson: 'As much as I might decry the students, as much as they're a nightmare, it is a privilege to be among youth' (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/louise-wilson-as-much-as-i-might-decry-the-students-as-much-as-theyre-a-nightmare-it-is-a-privilege-to-be-among-youth-2359127.html) " (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/louise-wilson-as-much-as-i-might-decry-the-students-as-much-as-theyre-a-nightmare-it-is-a-privilege-to-be-among-youth-2359127.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ a b O'Neill, Alistair (20 May 2014). "Louise Wilson obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/may/20/louise-wilson) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 21 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Wilson, Prof. Louise" (http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U247198) . Who's Who (/wiki/Who%27s_Who) . A & C Black (/wiki/A_%26_C_Black) . 2014 . Retrieved 18 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-sherwood_9-0) Sherwood, James (19 February 2007). "I taught them a lesson; As fashion's most formidable mistress, she mentored McQueen, oversaw Ozbek and goaded the great Galliano" (https://archive.today/20130216051115/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3728509.html) . The Independent . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3728509.html) on 16 February 2013 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Wyllie, Alice (9 August 2010). "Interview: Professor Louise Wilson, style queen" (http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Interview-Professor-Louise-Wilson-style.6463237.jp) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . Retrieved 4 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Cope, Rebecca (27 November 2012). "Stella McCartney crowned British designer of the year" (http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/fashion/fashion-news/british-fashion-awards-2012-winners-271112) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . UK . Retrieved 18 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "British Fashion Awards 2012" (http://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/news_detail.aspx?id=478) (Press release). British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . 27 November 2012 . Retrieved 18 May 2014 . ^ a b Agence France-Presse (/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) (18 May 2014). "Legendary British fashion tutor Louise Wilson dies" (http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140517/legendary-british-fashion-tutor-louise-wilson-dies) . GlobalPost (/wiki/GlobalPost) . Retrieved 18 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Mower, Sarah (18 May 2014). "Remembering Louise Wilson, Central Saint Martins' Legendary Professor" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140519204115/http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/louise-wilson-tribute-central-saint-martins-professor/#1) . Vogue . UK: Condé Nast. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/louise-wilson-tribute-central-saint-martins-professor/#1) on 19 May 2014 . Retrieved 19 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Jones, Dolly (17 May 2014). "Louise Wilson Dies" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2014/05/17/louise-wilson-dies) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . UK: Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) . Retrieved 18 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Press Association (/wiki/Press_Association) (17 May 2014). "Louise Wilson, 'inspirational' figure in the world of fashion, dies at 52" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/may/17/louise-wilson-fashion-central-saint-martins-dies) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 18 May 2014 . External links [ edit ] Vogue UK profile (https://www.vogue.co.uk/person/louise-wilson) BoF profile (http://www.businessoffashion.com/louise-wilson) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000108860580) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/33951391) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16592818g) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16592818g) Belgium (https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14524472) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2012714585&CON_LNG=ENG) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/160310105) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐57bf8779db‐rwmxk Cached time: 20240717184646 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.474 seconds Real time usage: 0.576 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3734/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 43383/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1867/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 68539/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.349/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7244167/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 542.132 1 -total 34.44% 186.716 1 Template:Infobox_academic 34.30% 185.930 1 Template:Reflist 17.53% 95.026 2 Template:Cite_magazine 17.28% 93.672 1 Template:London_Gazette 16.38% 88.799 1 Template:Authority_control 9.26% 50.198 1 Template:About 7.86% 42.615 1 Template:Birth_date 7.69% 41.697 9 Template:Cite_news 6.71% 36.394 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31656830-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717184646 and revision id 1233845454. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louise_Wilson&oldid=1233845454 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louise_Wilson&oldid=1233845454) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1962 births (/wiki/Category:1962_births) 2014 deaths (/wiki/Category:2014_deaths) Academics of Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Category:Academics_of_Central_Saint_Martins) Alumni of Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Central_Saint_Martins) Alumni of the University of Central Lancashire (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_Central_Lancashire) British fashion designers (/wiki/Category:British_fashion_designers) Officers of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Category:Officers_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) People from Cambridge (/wiki/Category:People_from_Cambridge) People from the Scottish Borders (/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Scottish_Borders) Hidden categories: Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y (/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_London_Gazette_template_with_parameter_supp_set_to_y) Use dmy dates from May 2014 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2014) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with KBR identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_KBR_identifiers) Articles with NKC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NKC_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers)
Italian businessman Diego Della Valle Della Valle in 2003 Born ( 1953-12-30 ) 30 December 1953 (age 70) Sant'Elpidio a Mare (/wiki/Sant%27Elpidio_a_Mare) , Marche, Italy Alma mater University of Bologna (/wiki/University_of_Bologna) Occupation(s) Lawyer businessman Known for Major shareholder (/wiki/Shareholder) of Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) Former Owner of ACF Fiorentina (/wiki/ACF_Fiorentina) Owner of Maison Schiaparelli (/wiki/Maison_Schiaparelli) Board member of Chairman of Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) Spouse Barbara Pistilli Children 2 Relatives Andrea (/wiki/Andrea_Della_Valle) (brother) Diego Della Valle (born 30 December 1953) is an Italian businessman who has been the chairman of the leather goods company Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) . Early life and education [ edit ] Della Valle was born and raised in Sant'Elpidio a Mare (/wiki/Sant%27Elpidio_a_Mare) [1] (#cite_note-1) in Italy’s Marche (/wiki/Marche) region. He is the elder son of Dorino Della Valle and grandson of Filippo Della Valle. Filippo started his shoemaking business in the 1920s, making shoes for Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) and Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , among others; [2] (#cite_note-2) Diego later expanded it into the now-famous Tod's brand. [3] (#cite_note-europeanceo-3) [4] (#cite_note-timemag-4) [5] (#cite_note-independent-5) Diego studied Law at the University of Bologna (/wiki/University_of_Bologna) , obtaining an academic degree (/wiki/Academic_degree) in 1975. Career [ edit ] Even during his younger days, Diego was business savvy: Diego used the power of celebrity to popularise his product, such an example was to have once persuaded his friend Luca di Montezemolo (/wiki/Luca_di_Montezemolo) , who was a protégé of the then Fiat (/wiki/Fiat_Automobiles) boss Gianni Agnelli (/wiki/Gianni_Agnelli) , to present Agnelli with a pair of Tod's driving moccasins – the lawyer got Agnelli to wear Tod's shoes when attending Juventus (/wiki/Juventus) football matches, which were widely televised; this product placement prompted a spike in sales. [3] (#cite_note-europeanceo-3) [4] (#cite_note-timemag-4) [5] (#cite_note-independent-5) Della Valle joined the family business in 1975 [6] (#cite_note-6) and took it over in 1978. [7] (#cite_note-7) That same year, he named the company J.P. Tod's. From 1996, he started converting the company's signature stores in the United States to J. P. Tod's boutiques. [8] (#cite_note-8) The brand later dropped the "J.P." in 1999 after the brand became inadvertently known as solely "J.P.'s" instead of the preferred Tod's. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Today, Della Valle manages Tod's with his brother Andrea (/wiki/Andrea_Della_Valle) . Diego's older son, Emanuele, is also involved with the family business as the creative director. The factory in Casette d'Ete was designed by his wife, Barbara. [4] (#cite_note-timemag-4) [5] (#cite_note-independent-5) In 1993, Della Valle joined forces with Montezemolo and Paolo Borgomanero on reviving the Acqua di Parma (/wiki/Acqua_di_Parma) brand. [11] (#cite_note-11) Since 2001, he has been a minority shareholder in funds Charme Investments (Luxembourg) and Charme II (Rome), both of which were founded by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo (/wiki/Luca_Cordero_di_Montezemolo) and control knitwear brand Ballantyne and furniture firm Poltrona Frau (/wiki/Poltrona_Frau) . [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1999, Della Valle raised his stake in British shoemaker Church's (/wiki/Church%27s) to 9.5 percent, setting off the speculation about a takeover; he ultimately decided against bidding against Prada (/wiki/Prada) which ended up acquiring the company. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) He agreed to sell his holding to Prada. [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2004, Della Valle and his brother Andrea took a 40.6 percent stake in eyewear company Marcolin (/wiki/Marcolin) through their holdings. [16] (#cite_note-16) Through his Gruppo Diego Della Valle holding, Della Valle has been owning and reviving the fashion brand Maison Schiaparelli (/wiki/Maison_Schiaparelli) since 2007. He has holdings in coffee-machine maker Bialetti (/wiki/Bialetti) ; [17] (#cite_note-17) RCS MediaGroup (/wiki/RCS_MediaGroup) , which owns the Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) newspaper; Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) newspaper; Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (/wiki/Banca_Nazionale_del_Lavoro) ; Mediobanca (/wiki/Mediobanca) ; [18] (#cite_note-18) film studio Cinecittà (/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0) ; and Piaggio (/wiki/Piaggio) motorcycles. [19] (#cite_note-19) Around 2008, Della Valle and Montezemolo started working on the launch of high-speed train company Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori (/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2018, both Della Valle and Montezemolo sold, with all other shareholders, NTV to Global Infrastructure Partners (/wiki/Global_Infrastructure_Partners) ' GPI III fund for nearly €2 billion; Della Valle made about €340 million from the deal. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2009, Della Valle published a book of photographs titled Italian Touch, a collection of portraits depicting upper-class Italian families at home. [22] (#cite_note-22) Between 2009 and 2010, Della Valle increased his stake in luxury department store operator Saks, Inc. (/wiki/Saks,_Inc.) just above 19 percent, becoming the company's largest shareholder and sending its shares to a two-year high. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) When Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) bought Saks, Inc. for US$2.4 billion in 2013, [25] (#cite_note-25) Della Valle was said to make around $136 million on the deal. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2013, Della Valle briefly entered a bidding race for Italy’s La7 (/wiki/La7) television network, the only channel at the time not owned by former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi (/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi) or state broadcaster RAI (/wiki/RAI) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Other activities [ edit ] Corporate boards [ edit ] Maserati (/wiki/Maserati) , Member of the Board of Directors Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (/wiki/Banca_Nazionale_del_Lavoro) , Member of the Board of Directors Assicurazioni Generali (/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali) , Member of the Board of Directors (–2012) [28] (#cite_note-28) Ferrari (/wiki/Ferrari) , Member of the Board of Directors (–2012) [29] (#cite_note-29) LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) , Member of the Board of Directors (since 2002) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Non-profit organizations [ edit ] General Confederation of Italian Industry (/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Italian_Industry) , Member of the Executive Committee (–2006) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) Sports [ edit ] In 2002, Della Valle bought the Tuscan (/wiki/Tuscany) football club ACF Fiorentina (/wiki/ACF_Fiorentina) [3] (#cite_note-europeanceo-3) [5] (#cite_note-independent-5) and rescued it from bankruptcy. He sold ACF Fiorentina to Rocco Commisso (/wiki/Rocco_Commisso) at the end of the 2018/2019 season. Heritage conservation [ edit ] In 2013, Della Valle announced that he would finance the restoration (/wiki/Building_restoration) of the Colosseum (/wiki/Colosseum) in Rome, at a cost of more than €30 mi. Political views [ edit ] In 1993, Della Valle supported and financed Silvio Berlusconi (/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi) ’s populist Pole of Freedoms (/wiki/Pole_of_Freedoms) coalition, [34] (#cite_note-34) but soon bowed out, citing differences in values. [35] (#cite_note-35) Della Valle established himself as a political moderate [36] (#cite_note-36) and publicly attacked Berlusconi for the over-taxing of big business and his failure to support smaller Italian businesses. In return, Berlusconi talked of suing Della Valle for defamation (/wiki/Defamation) . [3] (#cite_note-europeanceo-3) [5] (#cite_note-independent-5) Meanwhile, Della Valle is close friends with centrist politician Clemente Mastella (/wiki/Clemente_Mastella) . [37] (#cite_note-37) In the run-up to the 2013 elections (/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election) , Della Valle financially supported Mario Monti (/wiki/Mario_Monti) 's campaign. [38] (#cite_note-38) In 2015, Italian weekly newsmagazine L'Espresso (/wiki/L%27Espresso) reported that Della Valle had registered a logo proclaiming “Noi italiani [We Italians]” to the trademark office of the country’s Ministry of Economic Development, for categories related to a political party. [39] (#cite_note-39) Recognition [ edit ] 1996: Order of Merit for Labour (/wiki/Order_of_Merit_for_Labour) [40] (#cite_note-40) 2011: Fashion Group International (/wiki/Fashion_Group_International) ’s Brand Visionary Award [41] (#cite_note-41) 2024: Honorary citizen, Arquata del Tronto (/wiki/Arquata_del_Tronto) [42] (#cite_note-42) Personal life [ edit ] Della Valle is married to architect Barbara Pistilli. [43] (#cite_note-43) Della Valle still lives in Sant'Elpidio a Mare, [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) where he owns the 370-acre Villa Palombarone. [46] (#cite_note-46) He also has residences in Milan, Paris, New York, La Gorce Island (/wiki/La_Gorce_Island) , [47] (#cite_note-47) and an 12-acre compound in Capri. [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) In 2005, Della Valle bought John F. Kennedy (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) ’s 52-foot mahogany Marlin yacht [50] (#cite_note-50) at a Christie’s (/wiki/Christie%E2%80%99s) auction. [51] (#cite_note-51) For his travels, he owns a helicopter (first a Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin (/wiki/Eurocopter_AS365_Dauphin) , [52] (#cite_note-52) later replaced with a AgustaWestland AW139 (/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW139) ) [53] (#cite_note-53) and a private jet (first a Dassault Falcon 2000 (/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_2000) , [54] (#cite_note-54) later replaced with a Gulfstream G550 (/wiki/Gulfstream_G400/G500/G600) ). [55] (#cite_note-55) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Horacio Silva (17 October 2010), Profile in Style: Diego Della Valle (https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9A0DE0DB123EF934A25753C1A9669D8B63.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Andrew Roberts (1 March 2009), Power Player (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ a b c d "Diego Della Valle" (http://www.europeanceo.com/profiles/diego-della-valle-entrepreneur) . 18 January 2010 . Retrieved 12 March 2011 . ^ a b c Betts, Kate (8 March 2006). "Driving Force: Diego Della Valle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070111164808/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1170941,00.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1170941,00.html) on 11 January 2007 . Retrieved 12 March 2011 . ^ a b c d e Shamoon, Stella (2 April 2006). "Diego Della Valle: Going in feet first" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091213190824/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/diego-della-valle-going-in-feet-first-472343.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/diego-della-valle-going-in-feet-first-472343.html) on 13 December 2009 . Retrieved 12 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Andrew Roberts (1 March 2009), Power Player (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Kate Betts (8 March 2006), Driving Force: Diego Della Valle (https://time.com/archive/6676509/driving-force-diego-della-valle/) Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Constance C. R. White (1 October 1996), J. P. Tod's Conversions (https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/01/style/patterns-580678.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-:3_9-0) Yorker, The New (2 May 2004). "Shoe Dreams" (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/05/10/shoe-dreams) . The New Yorker . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0028-792X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X) . Retrieved 28 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Sheryl Garratt (16 October 2011), Diego Della Valle of Tod's: king of loafers (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8813832/Diego-Della-Valle-king-of-loafers.html) The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) LVMH appoints Diego della Valle, chairman of Tod’s (https://www.lvmh.com/news-documents/press-releases/lvmh-appoints-diego-della-valle-chairman-of-tods/) LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) , press release of 23 March 2002. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Luisa Zargani (31 October 2011), The Numbers Behind Diego Della Valle’s Empire (https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/dissecting-the-della-valle-empire-5341542/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Lucy Baker (3 September 1999), Prada and Della Valle have designs on Church (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/prada-and-della-valle-have-designs-on-church-1115748.html) The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) No Bid By Della Valle (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/12/business/world-business-briefing-europe-no-bid-by-della-valle.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) , 12 October 1999. ^ (#cite_ref-15) James Fallon (31 October 2011), Deal For Church Uncovers Prada (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1075754/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Luisa Zargani (31 October 2011), The Numbers Behind Diego Della Valle’s Empire (https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/dissecting-the-della-valle-empire-5341542/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Luisa Zargani (31 October 2011), The Numbers Behind Diego Della Valle’s Empire (https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/dissecting-the-della-valle-empire-5341542/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Luisa Zargani (31 October 2011), The Numbers Behind Diego Della Valle’s Empire (https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/dissecting-the-della-valle-empire-5341542/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Andrew Roberts (1 March 2009), Power Player (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Andrew Roberts (1 March 2009), Power Player (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Rachel Sanderson (16 February 2018), Tod’s owner Diego Della Valle: ‘Millennials are not for everyone’ (https://www.ft.com/content/e1b90918-11a7-11e8-8cb6-b9ccc4c4dbbb) Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Andrea Lee (1 September 2011), The Tycoon Next Door (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle-tods) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Italy's Della Valle says Saks stake strategic inv (https://www.reuters.com/article/saks-dellavalle/italys-della-valle-says-saks-stake-strategic-inv-idINLS72408620090528/) Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) , 28 May 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Brad Dorfman and Antonella Ciancio (21 October 2010), Italian businessman becomes Saks' largest holder (https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN21286374/) Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Hudson's Bay to Buy Luxury Retailer Saks for $2.4 Billion" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-07-29/hudson-s-bay-to-acquire-saks-for-2-9-billion-including-debt) . Bloomberg.com . 29 July 2013 . Retrieved 23 May 2018 – via www.bloomberg.com. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Phil Wahba and Solarina Ho (29 July 2013), Hudson's Bay CEO bets big on department stores with Saks buy (https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL1N0FZ07A/) Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Rachel Sanderson (17 February 2013), Della Valle makes offer for La7 network (https://www.ft.com/content/41a9178c-78ec-11e2-930b-00144feabdc0) Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Resignation of Diego Della Valle (https://www.generali.com/media/press-releases/all/2012/Resignation-of-Diego-Della-Valle) Assicurazioni Generali (/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali) , press release of 5 June 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-29) John Arlidge (30 September 2012), Tycoon roars off Ferrari board (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tycoon-roars-off-ferrari-board-tz7pxcbtrzp) The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) LVMH appoints Diego della Valle, chairman of Tod’s (https://www.lvmh.com/news-documents/press-releases/lvmh-appoints-diego-della-valle-chairman-of-tods/) LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) , press release of 23 March 2002. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Rachel Sanderson (16 February 2018), Tod’s owner Diego Della Valle: ‘Millennials are not for everyone’ (https://www.ft.com/content/e1b90918-11a7-11e8-8cb6-b9ccc4c4dbbb) Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Eric Sylvers (21 March 2006), An old ally of Berlusconi becomes a foe (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/21/world/europe/an-old-ally-of-berlusconi-becomes-a-foe.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Amanda Kaiser (6 April 2006), Diego Della Valle’s Political Profile (https://wwd.com/feature/diego-della-valle-s-political-profile-539522-1993980/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Amanda Kaiser (6 April 2006), Diego Della Valle’s Political Profile (https://wwd.com/feature/diego-della-valle-s-political-profile-539522-1993980/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Andrea Lee (1 September 2011), The Tycoon Next Door (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle-tods) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Andrea Lee (1 September 2011), The Tycoon Next Door (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle-tods) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Amanda Kaiser (6 April 2006), Diego Della Valle’s Political Profile (https://wwd.com/feature/diego-della-valle-s-political-profile-539522-1993980/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Andrea Cuomo (18 January 2013), Il Prof ha deluso i suoi sponsor: i grandi capitali lo lasciano solo (https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/interni/prof-ha-deluso-i-suoi-sponsor-i-grandi-capitali-lasciano-876147.html) Il Giornale (/wiki/Il_Giornale) . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Alexander Fury (23 September 2016), Diego Della Valle of Tod’s on Design, Politics — and Tattoos (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/t-magazine/fashion/diego-della-valle-tods-interview-milan-fashion-week.html) T: The New York Times Style Magazine (/wiki/T_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Andrew Roberts (1 March 2009), Power Player (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Andrea Lee (1 September 2011), The Tycoon Next Door (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle-tods) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Martino Carrera (31 May 2024), Tod’s Diego and Andrea Della Valle Receive Arquata del Tronto Honorary Citizenship (https://wwd.com/business-news/government-trade/tods-diego-andrea-della-valle-receive-arquata-del-tronto-honorary-citizenship-1236408895/) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Kate Betts (8 March 2006), Driving Force: Diego Della Valle (https://time.com/archive/6676509/driving-force-diego-della-valle/) Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Horacio Silva (17 October 2010), Profile in Style: Diego Della Valle (https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9A0DE0DB123EF934A25753C1A9669D8B63.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Rachel Sanderson (16 February 2018), Tod’s owner Diego Della Valle: ‘Millennials are not for everyone’ (https://www.ft.com/content/e1b90918-11a7-11e8-8cb6-b9ccc4c4dbbb) Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-46) James Reginato (9 March 2018), How Diego Della Valle Took Tod’s from Small-Town Cobbler to Global Success (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/03/diego-della-valle-tods-leather-fashion-brand) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Billy Joel Sells Miami Mansion To Italian Billionaire Diego Della Valle (https://www.forbes.com/sites/trulia/2013/06/11/billy-joel-sells-miami-mansion-to-italian-billionaire-diego-della-valle/) Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) , 12 June 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-48) Peter Aspden (12 August 2011), Lunch with the FT: Diego Della Valle (https://www.ft.com/content/84721c1c-c33f-11e0-9109-00144feabdc0) Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-49) James Reginato (9 March 2018), How Diego Della Valle Took Tod’s from Small-Town Cobbler to Global Success (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/03/diego-della-valle-tods-leather-fashion-brand) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Andrew Roberts (1 March 2009), Power Player (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-51) Liz Alderman (8 October 2010), A Shoemaker That Walks but Never Runs (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/business/global/10tods.html) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Kate Betts (8 March 2006), Driving Force: Diego Della Valle (https://time.com/archive/6676509/driving-force-diego-della-valle/) Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-53) James Reginato (9 March 2018), How Diego Della Valle Took Tod’s from Small-Town Cobbler to Global Success (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/03/diego-della-valle-tods-leather-fashion-brand) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-54) Andrew Roberts (1 March 2009), Power Player (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/diego-della-valle) W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-55) James Reginato (9 March 2018), How Diego Della Valle Took Tod’s from Small-Town Cobbler to Global Success (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/03/diego-della-valle-tods-leather-fashion-brand) Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . v t e LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Board of directors Albert Frère (/wiki/Albert_Fr%C3%A8re) Antoine Arnault (/wiki/Antoine_Arnault) Bernadette Chirac (/wiki/Bernadette_Chirac) Bernard Arnault (/wiki/Bernard_Arnault) Charles Powell (/wiki/Charles_Powell,_Baron_Powell_of_Bayswater) Charles de Croisset (/wiki/Charles_de_Croisset) Delphine Arnault (/wiki/Delphine_Arnault) Diego Della Valle Felix Rohatyn (/wiki/Felix_Rohatyn) Gilles Hennessy Hubert Védrine (/wiki/Hubert_V%C3%A9drine) 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Jewelry companies of the United States This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bellabeat&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( May 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Bellabeat Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Wellness Founded 2014 Founders Sandro Mur Urška Sršen Headquarters San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , United States Key people Sandro Mur ( CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) ( Co-Founder (/wiki/Co-Founder) ) , Urska Srsen ( CPO (/wiki/Chief_People_Officer) ) ( Co-Founder (/wiki/Co-Founder) ) Products Jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , software (/wiki/Software) , consumer electronics (/wiki/Consumer_electronics) Number of employees 39 (2024) Website www (http://www.bellabeat.com) .bellabeat (http://www.bellabeat.com) .com (http://www.bellabeat.com) Bellabeat is a wellness company founded by Urška Sršen and Sandro Mur in 2014. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is best known for its Leaf smart jewelry wearable line. The company has offices in San Francisco, Zagreb and Hong Kong. [2] (#cite_note-netok-2) [3] (#cite_note-jut-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] Bellabeat was started in 2014 by Croatian mathematician Sandro Mur and Slovenian sculptor Urška Sršen in 2016. In the same year, they participated in the Y Combinator (/wiki/Y_Combinator) program and finished top of the class (W14). [5] (#cite_note-5) After graduating from Y Combinator they raised a $4.5M seed round. [6] (#cite_note-6) Products [ edit ] Smart Jewelry [ edit ] The company's main products are wearables available in two models: Leaf and Ivy. Bellabeat Leaf [ edit ] Bellabeat Leaf Urban A year after its Y Combinator debut, in 2015, Bellabeat launched its first edition wearable tracker called Leaf Nature, characterized by its nature-inspired design and versatility of wear. [7] (#cite_note-7) It is a wearable for women that tracks activity, sleep, and stress resistance. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) The same year, the company added period and pregnancy tracking to its accompanying app. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2016 the company launched Leaf Urban, [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) the updated version of the previous Leaf tracker that featured a more modern, water-resistant design, and updated the corresponding Bellabeat app with additional mindfulness guidance. [11] (#cite_note-11) Leaf collection was later expanded to include Leaf Chakra [12] (#cite_note-12) in 2018 and Leaf Crystal, created in partnership with Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) crystals in 2019. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) Bellabeat Ivy [ edit ] In 2021, Bellabeat launched Ivy, a new and upgraded health & wellness tracker. After selling 20,000 preorders in the first hour of its announcement in late 2020, Bellabeat has sold over 50,000 preorders of its Ivy by January 2021. [14] (#cite_note-:1-14) Ivy is a smart-wearable product made specifically for women, just like its predecessor. It has improved sensors, and monitoring capabilities, and tracks data to support its female wearers' overall well-being, productivity, and reproductive health. It monitors women's biometric data: respiratory rate, resting heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and cardiac coherence, as well as lifestyle data in the form of steps, activity, mindfulness, light, deep, and REM sleep, as well as sleep timing and quality to give a comprehensive picture of their performance, health, recovery, and wellbeing. It has a battery life of up to 20 days. [15] (#cite_note-15) [14] (#cite_note-:1-14) Hydration trackers [ edit ] Spring [ edit ] Bellabeat launched its smart water bottle Spring in 2016, giving its users an opportunity to automatically track their water intake within the Bellabeat app. Spring runs on Bellabeat proprietary tracking technology developed to work for women's bodies. Through wireless syncing and with a secure data backup, Spring calculates exactly how much water the user needs based on their lifestyle and health (e.g. pregnancy, breastfeeding) and reminds them to drink throughout the day. It is made of glass, BPA-free Tritan™, and high-quality rubber; and features a replaceable-coin cell battery with a battery life of up to 6 months. [16] (#cite_note-16) B.YOU Wellness Line [ edit ] In 2021 Bellabeat expanded its catalog with B.YOU line of wellness accessories. B.YOU line consists of menstrual cups, a yoga mat, and workout bands. Mobile apps [ edit ] Bellabeat app tracking screen and visible Wellness Score details. This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( May 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Bellabeat App [ edit ] All Bellabeat trackers sync to the Bellabeat app. Released in 2014 [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) for its first wearable tracker, Leaf, the Bellabeat app featured activity, sleep, cycle, hydration, and mindfulness tracking. In 2016 the mindfulness section was expanded with guided meditations [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) for better sleep, focus, and easing of menstrual pain, in addition to breathing exercises. In 2017 Bellabeat launched Airi: [17] (#cite_note-17) a chat-based personal wellness coach (predecessor of Bellabeat Coach) as a subscription-based feature within the Bellabeat app. In 2021 Bellabeat expanded the cycle-tracking section in the app to give detailed tips on cycle phases and educate users on them. In 2019, Bellabeat launched Bellabeat+ Membership: a subscription service that provides women with specialized content in all wellness segments. With the subscription (that can be used with and without the device), users receive personalized daily plans and coaching, aligned with their menstrual cycle and goals. Period Diary App [ edit ] In 2018, Bellabeat expanded its catalog with the Period Diary app. Period Diary app is a menstrual cycle tracking app in which women can track their menstrual cycle length, period duration, moods, symptoms, temperature, and input notes. Data Safety [ edit ] Following the Roe v. Wade decision, Bellabeat enhanced its encryption protocols by introducing an extra layer of safeguard known as Private Key Encryption (AES-256) Security Feature. Private Key Encryption (PKE) [18] (#cite_note-18) functions by encrypting the user's cycle and pregnancy data in a manner that makes it inaccessible to anyone other than the user. This data can only be decrypted with a unique personal key held exclusively by the user. When users choose to enable PKE, their data remains confidential, inaccessible to anyone but themselves. Partnerships [ edit ] 2018: Bellabeat partners with Swarovski to launch Bellabeat Leaf Crystal, created with Swarovski crystals. [19] (#cite_note-19) [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) 2021: Bellabeat partners with Poosh by Kourtney Kardashian for the Poosh Your Wellness Festival, where the company held a solo panel with the topic "Living by Your Cycle With Bellabeat" [20] (#cite_note-20) led by Bellabeat's co-founder Urška Sršen and Shayna Taylor, a holistic nutritionist. 2023: Bellabeat hosts a Wellness Summer Power dinner at Nobu (/wiki/Nobu) in Malibu, featuring Olivia Culpo (/wiki/Olivia_Culpo) as the host and attended by celebrities including James Charles (/wiki/James_Charles) , Sophia Culpo, Aurora Culpo, Montana Tucker, Sarah Stage, and others. [21] (#cite_note-21) 2023: Bellabeat Partners with The Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) on the Beyond Skin Deep wellness bundle [22] (#cite_note-22) that combines Bellabeat’s Ivy wearable device with The Body Shop’s products. [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "30 Under 30 2016 Europe: Technology" (https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30-europe-2016/technology/) . Forbes . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-netok_2-0) "Bellabeat — Netokracija" (http://www.netokracija.com/tvrtka/bellabeat) . Netokracija.com . Retrieved April 4, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-jut_3-0) "Jutarnji list - Sandro Mur: Ljudsko tijelo spajamo na internet. To je naš posao" (https://www.jutarnji.hr/life/zivotne-price/sandro-mur-ljudsko-tijelo-spajamo-na-internet.-to-je-nas-posao-3934776) . www.jutarnji.hr (in Croatian). May 15, 2016 . Retrieved May 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Chen, Connie. "47 female-founded retail startups to support on International Women's Day — plus our favorite products from each" (https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/female-founded-startups-to-watch) . Business Insider . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet Bellabeat (YC W14), The Quantified Self Startup That Wants To Be The FitBit For Pregnancy" (https://www.ycombinator.com/blog/meet-bellabeat-yc-w14-the-quantified-self-startup-that-wants-to-be-the-fitbit-for-pregnancy) . Y Combinator . Retrieved November 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Taylor, Colleen (May 23, 2014). "Bellabeat Lands $4.5M Seed Round To Grow Its Quantified Self App For Pregnancy" (https://techcrunch.com/2014/05/23/bellabeat-lands-4-5m-to-grow-its-quantified-self-program-for-pregnancy/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved November 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Perez, Sarah (September 30, 2014). "Bellabeat Debuts A Trio Of Health-Tracking Products For Moms-To-Be And Beyond, Including Jewelry, A Monitor And A Smart Scale" (https://techcrunch.com/2014/09/30/bellabeat-debuts-a-trio-of-health-tracking-products-for-moms-to-be-and-beyond-including-jewelry-a-monitor-and-smart-scale/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved December 1, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Bellabeat Debuts LEAF, A Smart Charm Necklace That Monitors Your Stress Levels And Ovulation Schedule" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/86199-bellabeat-debuts-leaf-a-smart-charm-necklace-that-monitors-your-stress-levels-and-ovulation-schedule) . Bustle . May 28, 2015 . Retrieved December 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Perez, Sarah (January 16, 2015). "Bellabeat Leaf, A Health Tracker For Women, Will Now Track Your Reproductive Cycle Too" (https://techcrunch.com/2015/01/16/bellabeat-leaf-a-health-tracker-for-women-will-now-track-your-reproductive-cycle-too/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved December 1, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Perez, Sarah (July 26, 2016). "Bellabeat Leaf's new wearable and app help women tackle stress" (https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/26/bellabeat-leafs-new-wearable-and-app-help-women-tackle-stress/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved December 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Marie Claire (June 9, 2015). "6 Pieces Of Wearable Tech To Destress Your Mind And Make You Feel Calmer" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/entertainment/technology/wearable-tech-to-help-you-to-destress-make-you-feel-calmer-72961) . Marie Claire UK . Retrieved December 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Jovin, Ivan (September 21, 2018). "Bellabeat launches Leaf Chakra, a wearable for mind-body balance" (https://gadgetsandwearables.com/2018/09/22/leaf-chakra/) . Gadgets & Wearables . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b KAPFUNDE, MUCHANETA (November 8, 2019). "Bellabeat's New Leaf Crystal Designed To Help You Make Better Lifestyle Choices(FashNerd)" (https://www.techlovesstyle.com/single-post/2019/11/08/bellabeat-s-new-leaf-crystal-designed-to-help-you-make-better-lifestyle-choicesfashnerd) . techlovesstyle (in Chinese) . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Koksal, Ilker. "Bellabeat's Ivy Analyzes Wellness Data By Wearables" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/ilkerkoksal/2020/12/18/bellabeats-ivy-analyzes-wellness-data-by-wearables/) . Forbes . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Bellabeat Seeks FDA Approval for Its Ivy Health Tracker" (https://femtechinsider.com/bellabeat-ivy-fda/) . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Yi, Nicole (February 7, 2018). "I'm Perpetually Dehydrated, but This Smart Bottle Has Drastically Improved My Drinking Habits" (https://www.popsugar.com/node/44537576) . POPSUGAR Fitness . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Bellabeat (May 16, 2017). "Airi" (https://medium.com/@Bellabeat/we-believe-the-most-invaluable-gift-in-life-is-our-health-3f870f4c0eff) . Medium . Retrieved September 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Bellabeat becomes first women's health tracking app to implement private key encryption - FemTech World" (https://www.femtechworld.co.uk/news/bellabeat-becomes-first-womens-health-tracking-app-to-implement-private-key-encryption/) . August 19, 2022 . Retrieved September 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "The new Bellabeat fashion accessory successfully manages stress - HAMAG BICRO" (https://en.hamagbicro.hr/the-new-bellabeat-fashion-accessory-successfully-manages-stress/) (in Croatian) . Retrieved December 9, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Living By Your Cycle with Bellabeat: PYW 2022 \| Poosh , retrieved December 9, 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Bellabeat Ushers in Summer with a Stunning Private Dinner, Hosted by Olivia Culpo and Isabel Alysa Vita at the Elite Nobu, Malibu" (https://www.flaunt.com/post/bellabeat-olivia-culpo-isabel-alysa-vita-elite-nobu-malibu) . www.flaunt.com . Retrieved September 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Weekly, La (July 31, 2023). "Bellabeat and The Body Shop Collaborate to Deliver a Holistic Wellness Experience - LA Weekly" (https://www.laweekly.com/bellabeat-and-the-body-shop-collaborate-to-deliver-a-holistic-wellness-experience/) . www.laweekly.com . Retrieved September 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Journal (July 11, 2023). "Strateška suradnja za novu eru wellnesa: Bellabeat se udružio s The Body Shopom i predstavio novitete" (https://www.journal.hr/ljepota/zdravlje/bellabeat-the-body-shop-suradnja-wellness-zdravlje/) . Journal.hr (in Croatian) . Retrieved September 26, 2023 . 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German model (born 1998) Maren Tschinkel Born ( 1998-09-14 ) September 14, 1998 (age 25) Ravensburg (/wiki/Ravensburg) Nationality German Alma mater Augsburg University (/wiki/Augsburg_University) Modeling information Height 172 cm (5 ft 8 in) [1] (#cite_note-1) Hair color blonde Maren Tschinkel (born September 14, 1998) is a German model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss Germany (/wiki/Miss_Germany) 2018. She represented Germany in the Miss Earth 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2018) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Life [ edit ] Maren Tschinkel, born in Ravensburg, Germany, [3] (#cite_note-3) commenced her modeling career subsequent to her secondary education. She has garnered international acclaim as a model, affiliated with various agencies, and has contributed to prominent brands such as Victoria’s Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) and Guess (/wiki/Guess_(company)) , among others. Her portfolio includes appearances on notable magazine covers such as Harper’s Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) and L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . Furthermore, she pursued studies in Economics at the University of Augsburg (/wiki/University_of_Augsburg) , Germany. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) Awards and Titles [ edit ] Miss Earth Germany 2018 [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Germany - Maren Tschinkel , TomModeloftheWorld.com, Retrieved January 2, 2018. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Digital Cover Story: Interview with Maren Tschinkel and Nathalie Dahn" (https://www.lofficiel.cy/fashion/digital-cover-story-interview-with-maren-tschinkel-and-nathalie-dahn) . www.lofficiel.cy . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ravensburger Miss-Earth-Kandidatin: „Nicht kurvig genug“ für den Titel? , schäwbische.de, German. Retrieved January 2, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Eine Augsburger Studentin will "Miss Earth" werden , Augsburger Allgemeine (/wiki/Augsburger_Allgemeine) , September 24, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Magazine, Naluda (2021-04-29). "Interview with Stunning German Model Maren Tschinkel" (https://www.naludamagazine.com/interview-with-stunning-german-model-maren-tschinkel/) . Naluda Magazine . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Villano, Alexa (2018-11-03). "FULL LIST: Winners, Miss Earth 2018" (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/pageants/215820-winners-coronation-november-3-2018/) . RAPPLER . Retrieved 2024-02-06 . External links [ edit ] Maren Tschinkel (https://www.facebook.com/maren.tschinkel) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)) Maren Tschinkel (https://www.instagram.com/maren_tschinkel/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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1924 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1924) 1925 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1925) 1926 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1926) 1927 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927) 1928 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1928) 1929 1930 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1930) 1931 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1931) 1932 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1932) 1933 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1933) 1934 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1934) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐qxdjf Cached time: 20240718083153 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.090 seconds Real time usage: 0.164 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.071/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 156.589 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 156.589 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44632413-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083153 and revision id 974957282. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1929" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Acme Boots (/wiki/Acme_Boots) F Freed of London (/wiki/Freed_of_London) I Iris Lingerie (/wiki/Iris_Lingerie) M Mainbocher (/wiki/Mainbocher) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1929&oldid=974957282 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1929&oldid=974957282) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920s fashion (/wiki/Category:1920s_fashion) Design companies established in 1929 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1929) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1929 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1929) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
Synthetic garnet Terbium gallium garnet General Category Synthetic mineral Formula (/wiki/Chemical_formula) (repeating unit) Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 Identification Optical properties Faraday rotator material (/wiki/Faraday_rotator) Refractive index (/wiki/Refractive_index) 1.95 Other characteristics Paramagnetic material (/wiki/Paramagnetism) Terbium gallium garnet ( TGG ) is a kind of synthetic garnet (/wiki/Garnet) , with the chemical composition Tb (/wiki/Terbium) 3 Ga (/wiki/Gallium) 5 O (/wiki/Oxygen) 12 . [1] (#cite_note-1) This is a Faraday rotator (/wiki/Faraday_rotator) material with excellent transparency properties and is very resistant to laser damage. TGG can be used in optical isolators (/wiki/Optical_isolator) for laser systems, in optical circulators (/wiki/Optical_circulator) for fiber optic systems, in optical modulators (/wiki/Optical_modulator) , and in current and magnetic field sensors (/wiki/Magnetic_field_sensors) . TGG has a high Verdet constant (/wiki/Verdet_constant) which results in the Faraday effect (/wiki/Faraday_effect) . The Verdet constant increases substantially as the mineral approaches cryogenic temperatures (/wiki/Cryogenic_temperature) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The highest Verdet constants are found in terbium doped dense flint glasses (/wiki/Flint_glass) or in crystals of TGG. The Faraday effect is chromatic (/wiki/Chromatic_(disambiguation)) (i.e. it depends on wavelength) and therefore the Verdet constant is quite a strong function of wavelength. At 632 nm, the Verdet constant for TGG is reported to be −131 rad/(T·m) , whereas at 1064 nm it falls to −38 rad/(T·m) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) This behavior means that the devices manufactured with a certain degree of rotation at one wavelength, will produce much less rotation at longer wavelengths. Many Faraday rotators (/wiki/Faraday_rotator) and isolators (/wiki/Faraday_isolator) are adjustable by varying the degree to which the amount of the Faraday rotator material is inserted into the magnetic field of the device. In this way, the device can be tuned for use with a range of lasers within the design range of the device. [5] (#cite_note-5) See also [ edit ] Gadolinium gallium garnet (/wiki/Gadolinium_gallium_garnet) Yttrium iron garnet (/wiki/Yttrium_iron_garnet) Yttrium aluminium garnet (/wiki/Yttrium_aluminium_garnet) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Terbium Gallium Garnet - TGG" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160418061032/http://www.northropgrumman.com/BusinessVentures/SYNOPTICS/Products/SpecialtyCrystals/Documents/pageDocs/TGG.pdf) (PDF) . Northrop Grumman (/wiki/Northrop_Grumman) . 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.northropgrumman.com/BusinessVentures/SYNOPTICS/Products/SpecialtyCrystals/Documents/pageDocs/TGG.pdf) (PDF) on 2016-04-18 . Retrieved 2014-07-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hassaan Majeed; Amrozia Shaheen & Muhammad Sabieh Anwar (2013). "Complete Stokes polarimetry of magneto-optical Faraday effect in a terbium gallium garnet crystal at cryogenic temperatures" (http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-21-21-25148) . Optics Express . 21 (21). Optics InfoBase: 25148–58. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2013OExpr..2125148M (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013OExpr..2125148M) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1364/OE.21.025148 (https://doi.org/10.1364%2FOE.21.025148) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 24150356 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24150356) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Vojna, David; Slezák, Ondřej; Lucianetti, Antonio; Mocek, Tomáš (2019). "Verdet Constant of Magneto-Active Materials Developed for High-Power Faraday Devices" (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fapp9153160) . Applied Sciences . 9 (15): 3160. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3390/app9153160 (https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fapp9153160) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Vojna, David; Duda, Martin; Yasuhara, Ryo; Slezák, Ondřej; Schlichting, Wolfgang; Stevens, Kevin; Chen, Hengjun; Lucianetti, Antonio; Mocek, Tomáš (2020). "Verdet constant of potassium terbium fluoride crystal as a function of wavelength and temperature" (https://www.osapublishing.org/ol/fulltext.cfm?uri=ol-45-7-1683&id=429076) . Opt. Lett . 45 (7): 1683–1686. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2020OptL...45.1683V (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020OptL...45.1683V) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1364/ol.387911 (https://doi.org/10.1364%2Fol.387911) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32235973 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32235973) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 213599420 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213599420) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Optical Isolator Tutorial (Page 1 of 2)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170829094929/http://www.skphotonics.com/pdf/la_pdf/Isolator.pdf) (PDF) . SeongKyeong Photonics / Thorlabs. Archived from the original (http://www.skphotonics.com/pdf/la_pdf/Isolator.pdf) (PDF) on 2017-08-29 . Retrieved 2014-07-15 . v t e Solid-state lasers (/wiki/Solid-state_laser) Distinct subtypes Semiconductor laser (/wiki/Laser_diode) Yttrium aluminium garnet (/wiki/Yttrium_aluminium_garnet) Nd:YAG laser (/wiki/Nd:YAG_laser) Er:YAG laser (/wiki/Er:YAG_laser) Nd:Cr:YAG Yb:YAG Nd:Ce:YAG Ho:YAG Dy:YAG Sm:YAG Tb:YAG Ce:YAG Ce:Gd:YAG Gd:YAG (/wiki/Gadolinium_yttrium_garnet) Glass Nd:glass (/wiki/Neodymium#Glass) Er:glass (/wiki/Er:glass_laser) Er:Yb:glass Yb:glass Other gain media (/wiki/Gain_media) Ruby laser (/wiki/Ruby_laser) Yttrium iron garnet (/wiki/Yttrium_iron_garnet) (YIG) Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) Ti:sapphire laser (/wiki/Ti-sapphire_laser) Solid-state dye laser (/wiki/Solid-state_dye_laser) (SSDL/SSOL/SSDPL) Yttrium lithium fluoride (/wiki/Yttrium_lithium_fluoride) (YLF) Neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (/wiki/Neodymium-doped_yttrium_lithium_fluoride) (Nd:YLF) Yttrium orthovanadate (/wiki/Yttrium_orthovanadate) (YVO 4 ) Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (/wiki/Neodymium-doped_yttrium_orthovanadate) (Nd:YVO 4 ) Yttrium calcium oxoborate (YCOB) Nd:YCOB (/wiki/Nd:YCOB) laser Ce:LiSAF Ce:LiCAF Cr:ZnSe U:CaF 2 Sm:CaF 2 Yb:SFAP Structures Diode-pumped solid-state laser (/wiki/Diode-pumped_solid-state_laser) (DPSSL) Fiber laser (/wiki/Fiber_laser) Figure-8 laser (/wiki/Figure-8_laser) Disk laser (/wiki/Disk_laser) F-center (/wiki/F-center) laser Specific lasers Trident laser (/wiki/Trident_laser) ZEUS-HLONS (HMMWV Laser Ordnance Neutralization System) (/wiki/ZEUS-HLONS_(HMMWV_Laser_Ordnance_Neutralization_System)) Nova (laser) (/wiki/Nova_(laser)) Cyclops laser (/wiki/Cyclops_laser) Janus laser (/wiki/Janus_laser) Argus laser (/wiki/Argus_laser) Shiva laser (/wiki/Shiva_laser) HiPER (/wiki/HiPER) Laboratory for Laser Energetics (/wiki/Laboratory_for_Laser_Energetics) Laser Mégajoule (/wiki/Laser_M%C3%A9gajoule) LULI2000 (/wiki/LULI2000) Mercury laser (/wiki/Mercury_laser) ISKRA-6 (/wiki/ISKRA_lasers) Vulcan laser (/wiki/Vulcan_laser) This inorganic (/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry) compound (/wiki/Chemical_compound) –related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Caddo girl modeling a doosh-toh made by Tracy Burrows (Caddo- Delaware (/wiki/Delaware_Nation) ) A dush-toh , also spelled dush-too , dush-tooh , or dush-tuh , is a customary Caddo (/wiki/Caddo) hair ornament worn by girls and women during dances, particularly the Turkey Dance (/wiki/Turkey_Dance) . [1] (#cite_note-class-1) Neighboring tribes, such as the Kickapoo and Delaware, have similar women's hair ornaments. A dush-toh consists of an embellished, butterfly- or hourglass-shaped frame that is worn on the back of the head with ribbons that flow down the back, almost to the ground. They were made in the 19th and 20th centuries, [2] (#cite_note-spim-2) as well as into the present. Frame [ edit ] The top of the butterfly-shaped frame is typically 4.25 inches wide and the bottom is usually 4-5/8 inches wide. The frame is 7.5 inches tall. The frame can be covered in black felt and edged with colored ribbons on both sides. Further embellishments include white seed beads (/wiki/Seed_bead) sewn along the edges and silver studs placed according to the individual's preference. A silver band runs around the narrowest point of the frame, which is tied to the hair. [3] (#cite_note-new42-3) A wooden hairpin can also be used to hold the dush-toh in place. German silver (/wiki/German_silver) spots can be attached to the frame and beaded rosettes may be used to decorate the center of the frame. [2] (#cite_note-spim-2) Ribbons [ edit ] Turkey Dance (/wiki/Turkey_Dance) , Caddo Tribal Complex, Binger, Oklahoma (/wiki/Binger,_Oklahoma) , 2000. The dush-toh worn by the dancer on the far left is visible. The ribbons, usually of watered silk (/wiki/Watered_silk) , are attached to the bottom of the headpiece. Four layers of ribbons are typically sewn to one ribbon band, which is sewn to the felt on the frame. Ribbons can be solid colors or plaid. They run down the back to the hemline of the dancer's dress. Bells, or cai'-coo-tze , can be sewn to the bottom for weight and a musical sound. Ribbons can be embellished with shell, mirrors, [3] (#cite_note-new42-3) German silver (/wiki/German_silver) medallions, or beadwork rosettes. [2] (#cite_note-spim-2) Classes [ edit ] The Caddo Nation offers classes in making dush-tohs to Caddo youth during their annual summer camp. [1] (#cite_note-class-1) Notes [ edit ] ^ a b "Summer Youth Camp." (http://www.caddonation-nsn.gov/history/Camp.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100224024535/http://www.caddonation-nsn.gov/history/Camp.html) 2010-02-24 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Caddo Nation: Heritage and Culture . (retrieved 3 Feb 2010) ^ a b c Ellison 11 ^ a b Newkumet and Meredith, 42 References [ edit ] Ellison, Rosemary. Contemporary Southern Plains Indian Metalwork. Anadarko, OK: Oklahoma Indian Arts and Crafts Cooperative, 1976. Library of Congress Number 75-40659. Newkumet, Vynola Beaver and Howard L. Meredith. Hasinai: A Traditional History of the Caddo People . College Station: Texas A&M Press, 1988. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-89096-342-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89096-342-8) . External links [ edit ] Image of Caddo women wearing dush-tohs (http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/media-detail.aspx?mediaID=3979) [ permanent dead link ] , Encyclopedia of Arkansas Dush-toh from 1900 (http://www.nmai.si.edu/searchcollections/item.aspx?irn=23522) , Dush-toh from 1880–1900 (http://www.nmai.si.edu/searchcollections/item.aspx?irn=23419&catids=1&areaid=19&src=1-1&page=6) , National Museum of the American Indian v t e Caddo Confederacy (/wiki/Caddo) Hasinai (/wiki/Hasinai) Hainai (/wiki/Hainai) Nabedache (/wiki/Nabedache) Nabiti (/wiki/Nabiti) Nacogdoche (/wiki/Nacogdoche) Nacono (/wiki/Nacono) Nadaco (/wiki/Nadaco) Nasoni (Lower) (/wiki/Nasoni) Nechaui (/wiki/Nechaui) Neche (/wiki/Neche_tribe) Kadohadacho (/wiki/Kadohadacho) Kadohadacho (/wiki/Kadohadacho) Nanatsoho (/wiki/Nanatsoho) Nasoni (Upper) (/wiki/Nasoni) Natchitoches (Upper) (/wiki/Natchitoches_(tribe)) Natchitoches (/wiki/Natchitoches_people) Doustioni (/wiki/Doustioni) Natchitoches (Lower) (/wiki/Natchitoches_people) Other groups Adai (/wiki/Adai_people) Cahinnio (/wiki/Cahinnio) Eyeish (/wiki/Eyeish) Ouachita (/wiki/Ouachita_tribe) Tula (/wiki/Tula_tribe) Yatasi (/wiki/Yatasi) Related topics Caddo language (/wiki/Caddo_language) Caddoan Mississippian culture (/wiki/Caddoan_Mississippian_culture) Caddoan village bundle (/wiki/Caddoan_village_bundle) Dush-toh Spiro Mounds (/wiki/Spiro_Mounds) Turkey dance (/wiki/Turkey_dance) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐cpkbx Cached time: 20240713000115 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.203 seconds Real time usage: 0.411 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 621/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11910/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1067/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13418/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.119/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1498916/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 206.167 1 -total 41.01% 84.553 1 Template:Caddo 40.03% 82.534 1 Template:Navbox 23.31% 48.054 1 Template:ISBN 19.76% 40.736 1 Template:Reflist 19.75% 40.710 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 15.80% 32.565 1 Template:Dead_link 13.31% 27.439 1 Template:Fix 11.96% 24.651 2 Template:Category_handler 10.17% 20.960 1 Template:Webarchive Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26057624-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713000115 and revision id 1208388950. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dush-toh&oldid=1208388950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dush-toh&oldid=1208388950) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Caddo (/wiki/Category:Caddo) Fashion accessories (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessories) Headgear (/wiki/Category:Headgear) Native American clothing (/wiki/Category:Native_American_clothing) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from February 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2024) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links)
Ancient Roman clothing For the spider genus, see Trabea (spider) (/wiki/Trabea_(spider)) . Trabea ( pl. : trabeae ) is the name of various pieces of Roman (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) clothing. A distinct feature of all trabeae was their color – usually red or purple (/wiki/Tyrian_purple) . They were formed like a toga (/wiki/Toga) and possibly in some cases like a mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) and worn by more distinguished members of Roman society. A garment known as the trabea triumphalis was commonly worn by consuls (/wiki/Roman_consul) in late antiquity (/wiki/Late_antiquity) . When Emperor Justinian I (/wiki/Justinian_I) abolished the office of consul as a separate entity from the Emperor himself, the trabea triumphalis developed into the loros (/wiki/Loros) , which was the worn only by the imperial family and senior administrative officials. Although Emperor Leo VI (/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise) abolished the ancient title of consul altogether, the loros persisted until the end of the empire (/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople) as the formal, ceremonial dress (/wiki/Byzantine_dress) of the emperors. See also [ edit ] Clothing in ancient Rome (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) References [ edit ] Philip Smith: Toga . In: William Smith (Hrsg.): A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities . John Murray, London, 1875 ( online copy (https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Toga.html) at LacusCurtius (/wiki/LacusCurtius) ) Liza Cleland, Glenys Davies, Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones: Greek and Roman dress from A to Z . Routledge 2007, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-22661-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22661-5) , p. 197 ( online copy (https://books.google.com/books?id=EBaBYjM_pVcC) at Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) ) J. C. Edmondson, Alison Keith (/wiki/Alison_Keith) : Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture . University of Toronto Press 2008, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8020-9319-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9319-6) , S. 13, 27, 32, 42, 43, 217-237 ( online copy (https://books.google.com/books?id=bYCCpqdgSAgC) at Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) ) External links [ edit ] Picture of a man dressed with tunica and trabea (http://www.roman-empire.net/society/soc-dress-toga-trabea.html) at roman-empire.net v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell (/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants) High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits (/wiki/Suit) and uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) court (/wiki/Court_dress) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) Military (/wiki/Military_uniform) full (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) mess (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) service (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) sailor (/wiki/Sailor_suit) combat (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) clerical (/wiki/Clerical_clothing) vestment (/wiki/Vestment) School (/wiki/School_uniform) Prison (/wiki/Prison_uniform) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) boilersuit (/wiki/Boilersuit) cleanroom (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) hazmat (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) space (/wiki/Space_suit) scrubs (/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) and gowns (/wiki/Gown) Formal, semi- formal, informal Backless (/wiki/Backless_dress) Bouffant gown (/wiki/Bouffant_gown) Coatdress (/wiki/Coatdress) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) little black (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Evening (/wiki/Evening_gown) ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Plain (/wiki/Plain_dress) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_dress) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Strapless (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Wedding (/wiki/Wedding_dress) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Casual House (/wiki/House_dress) Jumper (/wiki/Jumper_(dress)) Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) Sheath (/wiki/Sheath_dress) Shirtdress (/wiki/Shirtdress) Slip (/wiki/Slip_dress) Sundress (/wiki/Sundress) Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) Denim (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Men's (/wiki/Men%27s_skirts) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Pencil (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_skirt) Rah-rah (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Skort (/wiki/Skort) Tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)) Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) and 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(/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Riding (/wiki/Riding_coat) shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Trench (/wiki/Trench_coat) Ulster (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) opera (/wiki/Opera_cloak) Paletot (/wiki/Paletot) Pea (/wiki/Pea_coat) Polo (/wiki/Polo_coat) Raincoat (/wiki/Raincoat) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) Suit coats Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) rekel (/wiki/Rekel) Mess jacket (/wiki/Mess_jacket) Suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) Blazer (/wiki/Blazer) smoking (/wiki/Smoking_jacket) sports (/wiki/Sport_coat) Teba (/wiki/Teba_jacket) Tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) dress (/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat) morning (/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat) Other Apron (/wiki/Apron) pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) Blouson (/wiki/Blouson) Cagoule (/wiki/Cagoule) Cape (/wiki/Cape) ferraiolo (/wiki/Ferraiolo) Inverness (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) monastic (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) royal (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) mozzetta (/wiki/Mozzetta) pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Coatee (/wiki/Coatee) Cut-off (/wiki/Cut-off) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) down (/wiki/Down_jacket) flight (/wiki/Flight_jacket) goggle (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) Harrington (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) leather (/wiki/Leather_jacket) mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Norfolk (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) safari (/wiki/Safari_jacket) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)) Lab coat (/wiki/White_coat) Parka (/wiki/Parka) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Robe (/wiki/Robe) bathrobe (/wiki/Bathrobe) dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Ski suit (/wiki/Ski_suit) Sleeved blanket (/wiki/Sleeved_blanket) Windbreaker (/wiki/Windbreaker) Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Boardshorts (/wiki/Boardshorts) Dry suit (/wiki/Dry_suit) Monokini (/wiki/Monokini) One-piece (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) Rash guard (/wiki/Rash_guard) Sling (/wiki/Sling_swimsuit) Square leg suit (/wiki/Square_leg_suit) Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Swim diaper (/wiki/Swim_diaper) Trunks (/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)) Wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) Legwear (/wiki/Hosiery) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) white tie (/wiki/White_tie) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Related Clothing fetish (/wiki/Clothing_fetish) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Costume (/wiki/Costume) creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) Cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) Environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) made-to-measure (/wiki/Made-to-measure) ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) Fur clothing (/wiki/Fur_clothing) types (/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur) Fursuit (/wiki/Fursuit) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Laws (/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Right to clothing (/wiki/Right_to_clothing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) This Ancient Rome (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) –related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trabea&action=edit) . v t e This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trabea&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐9swbl Cached time: 20240712170840 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.407 seconds Real time usage: 0.556 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1022/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65870/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1092/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24120/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.198/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2528894/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 411.966 1 -total 40.46% 166.689 6 Template:Navbox 37.67% 155.202 1 Template:Clothing 22.87% 94.218 1 Template:Short_description 18.87% 77.740 2 Template:ISBN 14.36% 59.147 2 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 12.66% 52.151 2 Template:Pagetype 9.67% 39.821 1 Template:Flatlist 7.31% 30.104 1 Template:For 7.09% 29.223 1 Template:Roman-stub Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29581219-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712170840 and revision id 1195917638. 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Costume designers (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Costume_designers) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . Pages in this category should be moved to subcategories where applicable. This category may require frequent maintenance to avoid becoming too large. It should directly contain very few, if any, pages and should mainly contain subcategories. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐6gqv2 Cached time: 20240720165833 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.152 seconds Real time usage: 0.329 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 202/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5889/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 475/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4879/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.101/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1577364/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 308.173 1 -total 61.88% 190.694 1 Template:Commons_category 61.02% 188.057 1 Template:Sister_project 60.30% 185.836 1 Template:Side_box 15.47% 47.685 1 Template:Category_diffuse 15.24% 46.966 1 Template:Portal 13.41% 41.324 1 Template:Cmbox 7.24% 22.305 1 Template:Cat_main 2.10% 6.459 1 Template:Replace 1.30% 4.007 1 Template:Single_namespace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1020994-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165833 and revision id 1043653807. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. Costume designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Costume_designers_by_nationality) ‎ (38 C) + Women costume designers (/wiki/Category:Women_costume_designers) ‎ (2 C, 88 P) B Best Costume Design Academy Award winners (/wiki/Category:Best_Costume_Design_Academy_Award_winners) ‎ (1 C, 72 P) Best Costume Design BAFTA Award winners (/wiki/Category:Best_Costume_Design_BAFTA_Award_winners) ‎ (47 P) Best Costume Design Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners (/wiki/Category:Best_Costume_Design_Genie_and_Canadian_Screen_Award_winners) ‎ (19 P) N Best Costume Design National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners (/wiki/Category:Best_Costume_Design_National_Film_Award_(Bangladesh)_winners) ‎ (4 P) Pages in category "Costume designers" The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) * List of costume designers (/wiki/List_of_costume_designers) A Amanda Maciel Antunes (/wiki/Amanda_Maciel_Antunes) B Bandit (drag queen) (/wiki/Bandit_(drag_queen)) Cynthia Bergstrom (/wiki/Cynthia_Bergstrom) Tole Berishaj (/wiki/Tole_Berishaj) Melissa Bianchini (/wiki/Melissa_Bianchini) Stanley Burnside (/wiki/Stanley_Burnside) C Marian Clayden (/wiki/Marian_Clayden) Jane Clive (/wiki/Jane_Clive) E Christian Espiritu (/wiki/Christian_Espiritu) G Rosa Graña Garland (/wiki/Rosa_Gra%C3%B1a_Garland) H René Hubert (costume designer) (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Hubert_(costume_designer)) L Suzanne Lalique-Haviland (/wiki/Suzanne_Lalique-Haviland) Ounie Lecomte (/wiki/Ounie_Lecomte) Nuredin Loxha (/wiki/Nuredin_Loxha) M Juman Malouf (/wiki/Juman_Malouf) Susan Matheson (/wiki/Susan_Matheson) Natalie Mei (/wiki/Natalie_Mei) Peter Minshall (/wiki/Peter_Minshall) John Moore (designer) (/wiki/John_Moore_(designer)) Pitoy Moreno (/wiki/Pitoy_Moreno) Ramse Mostoller (/wiki/Ramse_Mostoller) S Buki Shiff (/wiki/Buki_Shiff) V Eka Vogelnik (/wiki/Eka_Vogelnik) W Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) Z Guma Zorrilla (/wiki/Guma_Zorrilla) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Costume_designers&oldid=1043653807 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Costume_designers&oldid=1043653807) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Costume design (/wiki/Category:Costume_design) Fashion designers by type (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_type) Film artists (/wiki/Category:Film_artists) Theatrical occupations (/wiki/Category:Theatrical_occupations) Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Categories requiring diffusion (/wiki/Category:Categories_requiring_diffusion)
French grand couturier (born 1961) Franck Sorbier ( pronounced [fʁank (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) sɔʁbje] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ) is a Paris fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) that achieved haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) status in 2005. After working successfully for Chantal Thomass and Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) , the French fashion designer Franck Sorbier, who was born in 1961, presented his first collection in 1987. Then, some major stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) and Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) in the United States, and Seibu (/wiki/Seibu_Department_Stores) in Japan, noticed him. In 1995, the renowned French jeweller and watchmaker Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_SA) gave him the opportunity to present his winter 95/96 collection in a prestigious place, the "Carrousel du Louvre". In 1996, he became a member of the French Federation of Couture and Ready-To-Wear (/wiki/French_Federation_of_Couture_and_Ready-To-Wear) , supported by Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) and Sonia Rykiel (/wiki/Sonia_Rykiel) . In 1999, Franck Sorbier designed glasses for Vuarnet sunglasses (/wiki/Vuarnet_sunglasses) . He presented his first couture collection that same year. [1] (#cite_note-1) As of summer 2011, Franck Sorbier has been selling seats to his couture collections through the Fonds de Dotation Sorbier website, to fund his collections. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Michault, Jessica (May 11, 2009). "Sorbier Illuminates His Collections" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/12/style/global/12iht-SORBIER.html) . The New York Times . External links [ edit ] Franck Sorbier (https://www.francksorbier.fr) - Official site Franck Sorbier (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/franck-sorbier/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Franck Sorbier's Couture collections since 2004Au-Feminin.com (http://www.aufeminin.com/mode/hc04hiver/SORBIER__image=1.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201206/http://www.aufeminin.com/mode/hc04hiver/SORBIER__image=1.html) 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) v t e Members of the Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode) Members Adeline André (/wiki/Adeline_Andr%C3%A9) Alexandre Vauthier (/wiki/Alexandre_Vauthier) Alexis Mabille (/wiki/Alexis_Mabille) Bouchra Jarrar (/wiki/Bouchra_Jarrar) Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Dior (/wiki/Dior) Frank Sorbier (/wiki/Frank_Sorbier) Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) Julien Fournié (/wiki/Julien_Fourni%C3%A9) Maison Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Margiela) Maurizio Galante Schiaparelli (/wiki/Maison_Schiaparelli) Stéphane Rolland (/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Rolland) Invited, foreign and guest members See: List of grands couturiers (/wiki/List_of_grands_couturiers) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/19956224) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150045962) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150045962) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/138183112) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/416262) This article about a fashion brand, house, corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Ring set with a cluster of three stones This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Trilogy_ring) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Trilogy ring" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Trilogy+ring%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Trilogy+ring%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Trilogy+ring%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Trilogy+ring%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Trilogy+ring%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Trilogy+ring%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A trilogy ring is a ring (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) with a cluster of three stones (/wiki/Gemstone) set along the hoop. The center stone is often larger, or set higher than the two other stones, which are identical. The three stones symbolize the past, present (center stone), and future. These rings are often given as engagement rings (/wiki/Engagement_ring) , but can be used for other purposes, such as eternity rings (/wiki/Eternity_ring) . This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trilogy_ring&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐4c2m7 Cached time: 20240718190649 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.162 seconds Real time usage: 0.418 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 267/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12869/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 455/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5760/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.119/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2022147/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 401.739 1 -total 63.32% 254.388 1 Template:Short_description 47.78% 191.940 2 Template:Pagetype 19.08% 76.667 1 Template:Unreferenced 17.54% 70.484 1 Template:Fashion-stub 17.18% 69.008 1 Template:Ambox 17.11% 68.746 1 Template:Asbox 3.39% 13.638 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 3.37% 13.527 2 Template:Main_other 2.92% 11.713 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:16311504-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718190649 and revision id 1164637515. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trilogy_ring&oldid=1164637515 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trilogy_ring&oldid=1164637515) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Jewellery (/wiki/Category:Jewellery) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles lacking sources from July 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_sources_from_July_2016) All articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_sources) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red dresses (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Red_dresses) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐6frmh Cached time: 20240721052100 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.053 seconds Real time usage: 0.075 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2533/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 262/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.029/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1003849/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 68.082 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 68.082 1 -total 96.10% 65.430 1 Template:Sister_project 93.01% 63.321 1 Template:Side_box 42.36% 28.841 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70630547-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721052100 and revision id 1084724676. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Red dresses" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Red Ben de Lisi dress of Kate Winslet (/wiki/Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet) C Crimson Alberta Ferretti dress of Uma Thurman (/wiki/Crimson_Alberta_Ferretti_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) E Elie Saab net dress of Halle Berry (/wiki/Elie_Saab_net_dress_of_Halle_Berry) M Mayon gown (/wiki/Mayon_gown) Meat dress of Lady Gaga (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) R Red Dress (embroidery project) (/wiki/Red_Dress_(embroidery_project)) Red dress of Julia Roberts (/wiki/Red_dress_of_Julia_Roberts) T Red Tarvydas dress of Rebecca Twigley (/wiki/Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley) V Vanitas: Flesh Dress for an Albino Anorectic (/wiki/Vanitas:_Flesh_Dress_for_an_Albino_Anorectic) Red Versace dress of Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Red_Versace_dress_of_Cindy_Crawford) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Red_dresses&oldid=1084724676 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Red_dresses&oldid=1084724676) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Dresses by color (/wiki/Category:Dresses_by_color) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Maîtresses couturières was a French guild (/wiki/Guild) organisation for seamstresses (/wiki/Seamstress) within the city of Paris (/wiki/Paris) , active from 30 March 1675 until 1791. It was one of only three guilds open to women in Paris prior to 1776, the other two being the Maitresses bouquetieres (/wiki/Maitresses_bouquetieres) and the Maîtresses marchandes lingères (/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtresses_marchandes_ling%C3%A8res) . They had permission to manufacture clothes for women and children, with the exception of the most expensive court dress for women. This placed them in competition with the tailors (/wiki/Tailor) ' guild, who had permission to manufacture clothes for both men and women. The guild was somewhat unusual: though the occupation of seamstress was very common and socially accepted for a woman, it was normally practiced outside of the guilds in Europe prior to the 19th century, and discriminated against by the tailors' guilds. Paris was rare in having an actual guild for seamstresses, and it was further increased with the Marchandes de modes (/wiki/Marchandes_de_modes) of 1776. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Du Rietz, Anita (2013). Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år (1). Stockholm: Dialogos. Libris 13541091. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-91-7504-257-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7504-257-2) Sources [ edit ] Crowston, Clare Haru (2001). Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675–1791 . Duke University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0822383063 . Simonton, Deborah (2014). Simonton, Deborah; Kaartinen, Marjo; Montenach, Anne (eds.). Luxury and Gender in European Towns, 1700-1914 . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781317611363 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐967764f4‐4zgt4 Cached time: 20240630162247 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.237 seconds Real time usage: 0.296 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 364/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4539/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 242/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8986/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.147/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2778879/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 274.048 1 -total 61.20% 167.724 1 Template:Reflist 49.89% 136.717 1 Template:ISBN 38.68% 106.000 2 Template:Cite_book 34.55% 94.689 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 2.07% 5.661 3 Template:Yesno-no 1.36% 3.731 4 Template:Yesno 0.98% 2.687 1 Template:Yesno-yes 0.95% 2.600 2 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56307160-0!canonical and timestamp 20240630162247 and revision id 1213931833. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maîtresses_couturières&oldid=1213931833 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maîtresses_couturières&oldid=1213931833) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Guilds in France (/wiki/Category:Guilds_in_France) Women in France (/wiki/Category:Women_in_France) Historical legal occupations (/wiki/Category:Historical_legal_occupations) History of Paris (/wiki/Category:History_of_Paris) 1791 disestablishments in France (/wiki/Category:1791_disestablishments_in_France) 1675 establishments in France (/wiki/Category:1675_establishments_in_France) Fashion occupations (/wiki/Category:Fashion_occupations) 17th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) French businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:French_businesspeople_in_fashion) 17th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:17th-century_French_businesspeople) 17th-century French businesswomen (/wiki/Category:17th-century_French_businesswomen) 18th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:18th-century_French_businesspeople) 1675 in France (/wiki/Category:1675_in_France)
Line of shoes by New Balance New Balance 480 Type Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Inventor New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Inception 1983 ; 41 years ago ( 1983 ) Manufacturer New Balance Available Yes New Balance 480 is a basketball shoe produced by New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) . It is the first basketball shoe created by the company and comes in a high top and low top model. Overview [ edit ] The current 480 shoe line is actually a merger of two different shoe models, the New Balance Pride 480 and New Balance BB680 . The Pride 480 is the first ever basketball shoe created by New Balance in 1983 and was released as a high top. [1] (#cite_note-1) A different model that was created as a low top version known as the BB680 was later released. [2] (#cite_note-2) Despite technically being different models, they are the same shoe just in different top heights. This is similar to the Pride 650 (high top) and P550 Oxford (low top) being the same shoe (now known as the New Balance 550 (/wiki/New_Balance_550) ). [3] (#cite_note-3) At this point, the company was mainly known for creating running shoes and it wanted to expand into other sports. Seeing the popularity of basketball, it decided to enter the market by developing a basketball shoe. The shoe was developed to have better traction on the court and good breathability in the toe box. [4] (#cite_note-4) The shoe proved successful for the company and led to them creating more models for the sport. In 2010, New Balance released a special model that was made to withstand a winter environment and cold climate. The shoe was only released in a high top and used the BB680 name. The shoe featured a more rugged upper and sole to protect from the weather and included metal eyelets and boot laces. [5] (#cite_note-5) After the success of the 550 reintroduction in 2020, New Balance decided to relaunch the 480 as a lifestyle shoe in 2021. New Balance partnered with Junya Watanabe (/wiki/Junya_Watanabe) to produce a special colorway of the shoe which was soon followed by general releases. [6] (#cite_note-6) Models [ edit ] Numeric 480 [ edit ] The New Balance Numeric 480 in a brown and dark green colorway. The Numeric 480 is a skateboard variant of the shoe released in 2023. It features a thicker sole and more padding in the tongue. It comes in both low tops and high tops. [7] (#cite_note-7) In popular culture [ edit ] The Jumpman logo (/wiki/Jumpman_(logo)) for the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) brand was actually based on a photo Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) had done for the Life Magazine (/wiki/Life_Magazine) . In the picture, Michael Jordan could be seen wearing the New Balance 480 shoes while in the air. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The New Balance 480 Drops in Classic College Colors" (https://www.complex.com/sneakers/a/matt-welty/50-things-you-didnt-know-about-new-balance) . Complex . 2023-06-12 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The History Of The New Balance 480" (https://www.shoepalace.com/blogs/all/the-history-of-the-new-balance-480) . Shoe Palace . 2024-04-11 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The New Balance 480 Drops in Classic College Colors" (https://www.mensjournal.com/sneakers/the-new-balance-480-drops-in-classic-college-colors) . MENS JOURNAL . 2023-07-26 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE NEW BALANCE 480 TRAINER" (https://www.80scasualclassics.co.uk/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-balance-480-trainer/) . 80s Casual Classics . 2023-02-23 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "New Balance "Winterizes" the BB680" (https://www.sneakerfiles.com/new-balance-winterizes-the-bb680/) . Sneaker Files . 2010-08-27 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "JUNYA WATANABE RESURRECTS A FORGOTTEN NEW BALANCE & OTHER SNEAKER NEWS WORTH A READ" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/junya-watanabe-new-balance-bb480-release-info/) . Highsnobiety . 2021-03-17 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "THE NEW BALANCE "DUNKS" ARE HAVING A BEAUTIFUL RUN" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/new-balance-480-sneakers/) . Highsnobiety . 2024-02-09 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "New Balance Numeric 480 High's Straight From '83!" (https://kineticskateboarding.com/blogs/news/new-balance-numeric-480-highs-straight-from-83) . KINETIC SKATESHOP . 2024-01-12 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . v t e New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Subsidiaries Current Warrior Sports (/wiki/Warrior_Sports) Former Aravon Cobb Hill Drydock Footwear Dunham PF Flyers (/wiki/PF_Flyers) Rockport (/wiki/Rockport_(company)) Brands Klutch Athletics (/wiki/Klutch_Sports_Group) Sneakers 480 550 (/wiki/New_Balance_550) 99X (/wiki/New_Balance_99X_Series) 1906 (/wiki/New_Balance_1906) 2002 (/wiki/New_Balance_2002) People Jim Davis (/wiki/Jim_Davis_(businessman)) Category (/wiki/Category:New_Balance) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_Balance) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐6rvqs Cached time: 20240716060255 Cache expiry: 1360626 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.279 seconds Real time usage: 0.360 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1141/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27892/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 744/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38914/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5282652/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 323.669 1 -total 33.89% 109.706 1 Template:Reflist 29.23% 94.593 8 Template:Cite_web 25.56% 82.720 1 Template:New_Balance 25.32% 81.946 2 Template:Navbox 20.22% 65.436 1 Template:Infobox_product 19.19% 62.120 1 Template:Infobox 19.13% 61.931 1 Template:Short_description 11.40% 36.899 2 Template:Pagetype 4.40% 14.241 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77113631-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716060255 and revision id 1228181649. 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American football player (born 1984) Joshua Furnas Albany Great Danes – No. 2 Position Wide receiver (/wiki/Wide_receiver) Class Graduated 2007 Major (/wiki/Academic_major) Business Personal information Born: ( 1984-12-16 ) December 16, 1984 (age 39) Elmira, NY Height 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Weight 200 lb (91 kg) Career history College Albany (/wiki/Albany_Great_Danes) (2003-2006) Joshua Furnas (born December 16, 1984) is a former American football (/wiki/American_football) player, social advocate, and co-founder of Selfless Tee (/w/index.php?title=Selfless_Tee&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-Seeking_Social_Change-1) Early years [ edit ] Furnas was born in Elmira, New York (/wiki/Elmira,_New_York) and attended high school at Elmira Free Academy (/wiki/Elmira_Free_Academy) . Furnas was a three-year starter on both the varsity football and baseball (/wiki/Baseball) teams. In 2003, Furnas was also awarded "Twin Tiers Defensive Player of the year" by the Elmira Star-Gazette (/wiki/Star-Gazette) . [2] (#cite_note-Defensive_Player-2) Furnas was also a co-recipient of EFA's Male Athlete of the Year award. College career [ edit ] Furnas played four seasons at University at Albany, SUNY (/wiki/University_at_Albany,_SUNY) . [3] (#cite_note-ESPN_Furnas_Statistics-3) He missed the entire 2003 and 2004 seasons due to injury; he was granted a medical red shirt his first year. In 2005, Josh hauled in seven catches for 101 yards. [4] (#cite_note-Rivals_on_Furnas-4) In 2006, Josh's final season, he caught seven passes for 90 yards and one touchdown. [5] (#cite_note-Sports_Illustrated_Profile-5) Josh's lone touchdown was against the then nationally ranked University of Delaware (/wiki/University_of_Delaware) Blue Hens. After college [ edit ] In 2007, Furnas graduated from Albany with a degree in business. Furnas spent the next few years as general manager of the Big Moose Deli & Country Store in Hoosick, New York (/wiki/Hoosick,_New_York) . [6] (#cite_note-Big_Moose_Review-6) Furnas, along with former Albany teammate Danny Bocanegra (/w/index.php?title=Danny_Bocanegra&action=edit&redlink=1) , co-founded Selfless Tee (/w/index.php?title=Selfless_Tee&action=edit&redlink=1) . [7] (#cite_note-Social_Entrepreneur-7) Selfless Tee is a for-profit organization geared toward making "fashionable clothing with a social conscience." [8] (#cite_note-Humanizing_Philanthropy-8) In March 2010, Selfless Tee was awarded a $50,000 Pepsi Refresh Project (/wiki/Pepsi_Refresh_Project) . [9] (#cite_note-Refresh_Everything-9) In January 2013, Furnas was featured in a San Francisco Chronicle (/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle) news article about young entrepreneurs living in pop-up rentals. Furnas pays to rent a living room closet in a Bayview house of an Ecuadorian family of 7. [10] (#cite_note-Josh_Furnas,_23,_has_taken_up_residence_in_a_converted_closet,_near_the_living_room,_in_a_Bayview_apartment_that_he_shares_with_an_Ecuadoran_family_of_seven-10) Misophonia [ edit ] Furnas is a sufferer and well known awareness advocate of 'Hatred of Sound' Disorder, Misophonia (/wiki/Misophonia) . [11] (#cite_note-Misophonia-11) On May 18, 2012 Furnas was featured on ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) 's news magazine television show, 20/20 (/wiki/20/20_(U.S._TV_series)) , [12] (#cite_note-Furnas_suffers_from_Misophonia-12) openly speaking about his battle with misophonia. TEDx [ edit ] In 2012, Furnas began participating in independently organized TEDx (/wiki/TEDx) events promoting his ideas for social innovation. [13] (#cite_note-TEDx_Events-13) On November 10, 2012, Furnas was featured at TEDx Chemung River (/w/index.php?title=TEDx_Chemung_River&action=edit&redlink=1) in New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) . [14] (#cite_note-TEDx_Chemung_River-14) The topic which Furnas spoke of was "The Art of the Tee: Fashioning a Better World". [15] (#cite_note-Furnas_speaks_of_Fashion,_Innovation-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Seeking_Social_Change_1-0) "Daniel Bocanegra: Seeking Social Change Through "Selfless Tee" - University at Albany-SUNY" (http://www.albany.edu/news/campus_news_9419.php) . ^ (#cite_ref-Defensive_Player_2-0) "Josh Furnas - 2006 - Football - University at Albany Great Danes" (http://www.ualbanysports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=15800&ATCLID=877415) . ^ (#cite_ref-ESPN_Furnas_Statistics_3-0) "Josh Furnas Stats, News, Bio \| ESPN" (https://www.espn.com/college-football/player/_/id/152411) . ^ (#cite_ref-Rivals_on_Furnas_4-0) "Rivals.com" (http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/boxscore?gid=200511190161) . ^ (#cite_ref-Sports_Illustrated_Profile_5-0) "Reference at sportsillustrated.cnn.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110628212726/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/ncaa/players/8044/) . Archived from the original (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/ncaa/players/8044/) on 2011-06-28 . Retrieved 2011-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-Big_Moose_Review_6-0) "BIG MOOSE DELI & COUNTRY STORE - 137 Photos & 78 Reviews - Delis - 4956 State Rte 7, Hoosick Falls, NY - Restaurant Reviews - Phone Number" (https://www.yelp.com/biz/big-moose-deli-and-country-store-hoosick-falls) . ^ (#cite_ref-Social_Entrepreneur_7-0) "Daniel Bocanegra \| Interview, stories, podcast, quotes and video with Daniel Bocanegra from 33voices.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110522055850/http://www.33voices.com/daniel-bocanegra) . Archived from the original (http://www.33voices.com/daniel-bocanegra) on 2011-05-22 . Retrieved 2011-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-Humanizing_Philanthropy_8-0) "SelflessTee.com" (http://www.selflesstee.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-Refresh_Everything_9-0) "Launch apparel co. To create continuous social IMPACT in ur community \| Pepsi Refresh Everything" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110122143603/http://www.refresheverything.com/SelflessTee) . Archived from the original (http://www.refresheverything.com/SelflessTee) on 2011-01-22 . Retrieved 2011-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-Josh_Furnas,_23,_has_taken_up_residence_in_a_converted_closet,_near_the_living_room,_in_a_Bayview_apartment_that_he_shares_with_an_Ecuadoran_family_of_seven_10-0) "Startup dreams meet pop-up rentals" (http://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Startup-dreams-meet-pop-up-rentals-4226675.php) . 27 January 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-Misophonia_11-0) "YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlWHLx9PTE4) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-Furnas_suffers_from_Misophonia_12-0) "Safer for Misophonics: 20/20's Misophonia Coverage - ABC News" (https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2012/05/18/safer-for-misophonics-2020s-misophonia-coverage/) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . ^ (#cite_ref-TEDx_Events_13-0) "TEDxChemungRiver \| TED" (http://www.ted.com/tedx/events/3023) . ^ (#cite_ref-TEDx_Chemung_River_14-0) "Reference at www.tedxchemungriver.com" (http://www.tedxchemungriver.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-Furnas_speaks_of_Fashion,_Innovation_15-0) "YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjDkF94BrPc) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . 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French master perfumer (born 1955) Dominique Rippon Born 1955 (age 68–69) Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Occupation Perfumer Dominique Ropion ( French: [dɔminik (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ʁɔpjɔ̃] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ; born 1955) is a French master perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) . Born in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , he trained at Roure Bertrand Dupont (now Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) perfumery school) in Grasse (/wiki/Grasse) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) After joining International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances_Inc.) in 2000, Ropion has worked for fragrance brands including Christian Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) , Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Frédéric Malle (/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Malle) , Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) , Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) and The Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Awards and recognition [ edit ] Ropion has received Cosmetique Magazine Oscar (2010), the Chevalier de l’ Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres) (2012), the Cosmetic Valley's International Fragrance Prize or Prix François Coty (2008). [5] (#cite_note-5) He received the title of Master Perfumer in 2018. [6] (#cite_note-6) List of creations [ edit ] Yardley London (/wiki/Yardley_London) Lace (1982) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) Ysatis (1984) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) Amarige (1991) [7] (#cite_note-7) Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) Jungle Elephant (1996) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Euphoria Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) Alien Dior (/wiki/Dior) Pure Poison (2001) Frédéric Malle (/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Malle) Vétiver Extraordinaire (2002) Cacharel (/wiki/Cacharel) Amor Amor (2003) Viktor & Rolf (/wiki/Viktor_%26_Rolf) Flowerbomb (2004) Frédéric Malle (/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Malle) Carnal Flower (2005) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Euphoria (2005) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) London (2007) Frédéric Malle (/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Malle) Geranium pour Monsieur (2009) Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) La Nuit de L'Homme (2009) Frédéric Malle (/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Malle) Portrait of a Lady (2010) Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) Lady Million (2010) Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) La Vie Est Belle (2012) Frédéric Malle (/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Malle) Cologne Indelebile (2015) Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) Olympea (2015) Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) Girl of Now Forever (2019) Régime des Fleurs (/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9gime_des_Fleurs&action=edit&redlink=1) Al-Dukhan Madawi Gold (/w/index.php?title=Madawi_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1) Arabian Oud References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Givaudan's Perfumery School \| Givaudan" (https://www.givaudan.com/fragrances/perfumery-school) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Creating scents that work on the senses" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181023034859/http://www.qatar-tribune.com/PrintNews.aspx?id=29082) . Qatar Tribune (/wiki/Qatar_Tribune) . 18 October 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.qatar-tribune.com/PrintNews.aspx?id=29082) on 2018-10-23 . Retrieved 2018-07-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Dominique Ropion – one of the most skillful perfumers in the contemporary perfume industry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181023080053/https://fragrances.bg/blog/en/noses/dominique-ropion/) . "Venera Cosmetics" perfumery blog. 11 November 2014. Archived from the original (https://fragrances.bg/blog/en/noses/dominique-ropion/) on 2018-10-23 . Retrieved 2018-07-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Dominique Ropion (Maître parfumeur) : "On ne fait pas de plus mauvais parfums qu'il y a 30 ans" (http://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Dominique-Ropion-On-ne-fait-pas-de-plus-mauvais-parfums-qu-il-y-a-30-ans-,969414.html#.W1OQYtVKjIU) " (http://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Dominique-Ropion-On-ne-fait-pas-de-plus-mauvais-parfums-qu-il-y-a-30-ans-,969414.html#.W1OQYtVKjIU) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Prix François Coty (https://web.archive.org/web/20210109145148/http://francoiscoty.fr/index.php/en/francois-coty-award-rules/) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "IFF Honors Dominique Ropion with Prestigious Master Perfumer Title" (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180118006275/en/IFF-Honors-Dominique-Ropion-Prestigious-Master-Perfumer) (Press release). 18 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "7 Giftable Fragrances That Won't Disappoint, from French Perfumer Dominique Ropion" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/7-giftable-fragrances-that-wont-disappoint-from-french-perfumer-dominique-ropion#1) . 18 December 2015. 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Groom of the Robes is an office in the Royal Household (/wiki/Royal_Household) of the Sovereign (/wiki/Monarch) of England (later Great Britain, ultimately the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) ). In 1953, the Groom of the Robes to Elizabeth II had the task of bringing forward the robes and other items of ceremonial clothing worn by the monarch at various points in the coronation service, ready to hand them over to the Mistress of the Robes (/wiki/Mistress_of_the_Robes) and the Lord Great Chamberlain (/wiki/Lord_Great_Chamberlain) (who assisted The Queen in putting them on) and to receive and remove those which were no longer required. The post was in abeyance after 1954, although an Equerry (/wiki/Equerry) was usually designated 'Acting Groom of the Robes' on occasions (such as the State Opening of Parliament (/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament) ) when robes are worn. It returned to active use for the Coronation of Charles III (/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III) in 2023 when Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan Thompson was appointed. List of Grooms of the Robes [ edit ] (incomplete) Thomas Purcell (/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Purcell&action=edit&redlink=1) [1] (#cite_note-1) Piers Curteys (/w/index.php?title=Piers_Curteys&action=edit&redlink=1) John Hart Henry VIII [ edit ] Richard Cecil (/wiki/Richard_Cecil_(courtier)) 1530 [2] (#cite_note-chalmers-2) John Copinger (/w/index.php?title=John_Copinger&action=edit&redlink=1) [3] (#cite_note-3) [ unreliable source? ] William Sharington (/wiki/William_Sharington) 1540–1541 [4] (#cite_note-4) Thomas Sternhold (/wiki/Thomas_Sternhold) 1500–1549 [5] (#cite_note-kaufman-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Gates, Sir John (/w/index.php?title=Gates,_Sir_John&action=edit&redlink=1) [8] (#cite_note-8) Edward VI [ edit ] Robert Robotham Victoria [ edit ] Francis Seymour (/wiki/Francis_Seymour,_5th_Marquess_of_Hertford) 1837–1870 [9] (#cite_note-9) Henry Erskine (/w/index.php?title=Henry_David_Erskine&action=edit&redlink=1) 1870–1901 Edward VII [ edit ] Henry Erskine (/w/index.php?title=Henry_David_Erskine&action=edit&redlink=1) 1901–1910 George V [ edit ] Henry Erskine (/w/index.php?title=Henry_David_Erskine&action=edit&redlink=1) 1910–1920 Montague Eliot (/wiki/Montague_Eliot,_8th_Earl_of_St_Germans) 1920–1936 George VI [ edit ] Sir Harold Campbell (/wiki/Harold_Campbell_(courtier)) 1937–1952 Elizabeth II [ edit ] Sir Harold Campbell (/wiki/Harold_Campbell_(courtier)) 1952–1954 Charles III [ edit ] Lt Col Jonathan Thompson 2023–present [10] (#cite_note-jonthomp-10) See also [ edit ] Groom of the Stool (/wiki/Groom_of_the_Stool) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Holman, Peter (1994). Henry Purcell . Oxford University Press. p. 4 (https://archive.org/details/henrypurcell0000holm/page/4) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-19-816341-X . Thomas Purcell groom of the robes. ^ (#cite_ref-chalmers_2-0) Chalmers F.S.A., Alexander (1812–1817). The General Biographical Dictionary . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "John Copynger" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080513190128/http://www.copinger.org.uk/4John10.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.copinger.org.uk/4John10.html) on 2008-05-13 . Retrieved 2008-03-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) C. E. Challis, 'Sharington, Sir William (c. 1495–1553), administrator and embezzler', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography) , Oxford University Press, September 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-kaufman_5-0) Kaufman, Charles H. (1981). Music in New Jersey, 1655–1860 . Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 46. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8386-2270-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) letters and papers foreign and domestic of the reign of King Henry VIII ^ (#cite_ref-7) Narasingha, Prosad,Sil 2001 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Tudor Placement And Statesman, select case studies page 71 18 February 1537 mentions Sir John as a Page ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Domestic Occurrences" (https://archive.org/details/gentlemansmagaz291unkngoog) . The Gentleman's Magazine . F. Jefferies: 308 (https://archive.org/details/gentlemansmagaz291unkngoog/page/n326) . March 1840. Francis Seymour groom of the robes. . ^ (#cite_ref-jonthomp_10-0) "Coronation order of service in full" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-65503950) . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . May 6, 2023. 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(/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal) Earl Marshal (/wiki/Earl_Marshal) Knight Marshal (/wiki/Knight_Marshal) Private Secretary's Office Private Secretary to the Sovereign (/wiki/Private_Secretary_to_the_Sovereign) Director for Security Liaison (/wiki/Director_for_Security_Liaison) Royal Communications (/wiki/Royal_Communications) Privy Purse and Treasurer's Office Keeper of the Privy Purse (/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Privy_Purse) Royal Almonry (/wiki/Royal_Almonry) Lord Chamberlain's Office (/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Office) Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood (/wiki/Central_Chancery_of_the_Orders_of_Knighthood) Crown Equerry (/wiki/Crown_Equerry) Gentleman of the Horse (/wiki/Gentleman_of_the_Horse) Master of the Revels (/wiki/Master_of_the_Revels) Master of the Household's Department Master of the Household (/wiki/Master_of_the_Household) Master of the Household of Scotland (/wiki/Master_of_the_Household_of_Scotland) Butler of Scotland (/wiki/Butler_of_Scotland) Board of Green Cloth (/wiki/Board_of_Green_Cloth) Clerk of the Green Cloth (/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Green_Cloth) Cofferer of the Household (/wiki/Cofferer_of_the_Household) Lords/ladies-in-waiting Mistress of the Robes (/wiki/Mistress_of_the_Robes) Master of the Robes (/wiki/Master_of_the_Robes) Groom of the Robes Groom in Waiting (/wiki/Groom_in_Waiting) Page of Honour (/wiki/Page_of_Honour) Maid of Honour (/wiki/Maid_of_honour) Mother of the Maids (/wiki/Mother_of_the_Maids_(royal_courts)) Medical Household (/wiki/Medical_Household) Physician to the King (/wiki/Physician_to_the_King) Serjeant Surgeon (/wiki/Serjeant_Surgeon) Apothecary to the Household (/wiki/Apothecary_to_the_Household) Apothecary to the Household at Sandringham (/wiki/Apothecary_to_the_Household_at_Sandringham) Apothecary to the Household at Windsor (/wiki/Apothecary_to_the_Household_at_Windsor) Coroner of the Queen's Household (/wiki/Coroner_of_the_Queen%27s_Household) Medical Officer to The King (/wiki/Medical_Officer_to_The_King) 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(/wiki/Personal_aide-de-camp) Armour-Bearer and Squire of His Majesty's Body (/wiki/Armour-Bearer_and_Squire_of_His_Majesty%27s_Body) King's Flag Sergeant (/wiki/King%27s_Flag_Sergeant) Field Officer in Brigade Waiting (/wiki/Field_Officer_in_Brigade_Waiting) Warden of the Mint (/wiki/Warden_of_the_Mint) (1216–1829) Gentleman Usher (/wiki/Gentleman_Usher) Gentleman Usher to the Sword of State (/wiki/Gentleman_Usher_to_the_Sword_of_State) His Majesty's Botanist (/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Botanist) King's Bargemaster (/wiki/King%27s_Bargemaster) Funeral directors (/wiki/Funeral_directors_to_the_Royal_Household) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐nlzlx Cached time: 20240712185240 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.348 seconds Real time usage: 0.696 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 705/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 38462/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 794/2097152 bytes Highest 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Rings (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) and other jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) depicted in Middle-earth (/wiki/Middle-earth) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐c98495944‐jxllj Cached time: 20240716132653 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.006 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:964524-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716132653 and revision id 1187720960. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Middle-earth rings and jewels" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Arkenstone (/wiki/Arkenstone) J Jewels of Fëanor (/wiki/Jewels_of_F%C3%ABanor) N Narya (/wiki/Narya) Nenya (/wiki/Nenya) Nine Rings (/wiki/Nine_Rings) O One Ring (/wiki/One_Ring) R Rings of Power (/wiki/Rings_of_Power) S Seven Rings (/wiki/Seven_Rings) Silmarils (/wiki/Silmarils) Star of Eärendil (/wiki/Star_of_E%C3%A4rendil) V Vilya (Middle-earth) (/wiki/Vilya_(Middle-earth)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Middle-earth_rings_and_jewels&oldid=1187720960 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Middle-earth_rings_and_jewels&oldid=1187720960) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Middle-earth objects (/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_objects) Fictional gemstones and jewelry (/wiki/Category:Fictional_gemstones_and_jewelry)
Austrian overcoat of dense woollen fabric Loden ladies coat A loden cape is an overcoat (/wiki/Overcoat) of Tyrolean (/wiki/Tyrol_(state)) origin, made of a thick, water-resistant woolen material with a short pile known as loden cloth , first produced by peasants in Austria (/wiki/Austria) . This fabric is derived from the coarse, oily wool of mountain sheep and has a traditional earthy green colour. The name is derived from Middle High German (/wiki/Middle_High_German) "lode" or from Old High German (/wiki/Old_High_German) "lodo", meaning "coarse cloth". [1] (#cite_note-1) It is a cloth of traditional Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) worn in Tyrol (/wiki/Tyrol) . To produce loden cloth, strong yarns are woven loosely into cloth which then undergoes a lengthy process of shrinking (/wiki/Shrinkage_(fabric)) , eventually acquiring the texture of felt and becoming quite dense. It is then brushed with a fuller's teasel (/wiki/Dipsacus) and the nap is clipped, a process which is repeated a number of times until the resulting fabric provides good warmth for the weight, and is relatively supple, windproof, and extremely durable. [2] (#cite_note-2) It is a subclass of the wools known as "melton" (/wiki/Melton_(cloth)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) A similar type of woolen cloth manufacturing comes from the Belgian (/wiki/Belgium) village of Duffel (/wiki/Duffel) , giving name to the British Royal Navy (/wiki/Royal_Navy) Duffel coat (/wiki/Duffel_coat) , a coat that has most probably partly been produced from Melton wool. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Definition of 'loden' (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/loden) " (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/loden) . Collins Dictionary . Retrieved June 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) John Vinocur (October 11, 1981). "World shopper; in the land of London, European preppy" (https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/11/travel/world-shopper-in-the-land-of-london-european-preppy.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved June 26, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Coarser or thick heavy fabrics" (http://vintagefashionguild.org/coarser-or-thick-heavy-fabrics) . Vintage Fashion Guild . Retrieved June 26, 2016 . v t e Fabric (/wiki/Textile) Types Woven (/wiki/Woven_fabric) Abacá cloth (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1#Textiles) (Medriñaque) Aertex (/wiki/Aertex) Armazine (/wiki/Armazine) Almerían silk (/wiki/Almer%C3%ADan_silk) Barathea (/wiki/Barathea) Barkcloth (/wiki/Barkcloth) Batiste (/wiki/Batiste) Bedford cord (/wiki/Bedford_cord) Bengaline (/wiki/Bengaline) Beta cloth (/wiki/Beta_cloth) Bombazine (/wiki/Bombazine) Brilliantine (/wiki/Brilliantine_(fabric)) Broadcloth (/wiki/Broadcloth) Buckram (/wiki/Buckram) Bunting (/wiki/Bunting_(textile)) Burlap (/wiki/Hessian_fabric) Byrd Cloth (/wiki/Byrd_Cloth) C change (/wiki/C_change) Calico (/wiki/Calico) Cambric (/wiki/Cambric) Canvas (/wiki/Canvas) Chambray (/wiki/Cambric) Capilene (/wiki/Capilene) Cedar bark textile (/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile) Challis (/wiki/Challis_(fabric)) Char cloth (/wiki/Char_cloth) Charmeuse (/wiki/Charmeuse) Charvet (/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)) Cheesecloth (/wiki/Cheesecloth) Chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) Chino (/wiki/Chino_cloth) Chintz (/wiki/Chintz) Cloqué (/wiki/Cloqu%C3%A9) Cloth of gold (/wiki/Cloth_of_gold) Cordura (/wiki/Cordura) Corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) Cotton duck (/wiki/Cotton_duck) Coutil (/wiki/Coutil) Crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) Cretonne (/wiki/Cretonne) Denim (/wiki/Denim) Dimity (/wiki/Dimity) Donegal tweed (/wiki/Donegal_tweed) Dornix (/wiki/Dornix) Dowlas (/wiki/Dowlas) Drill (/wiki/Drill_(fabric)) Drugget (/wiki/Drugget) Eolienne (/wiki/Eolienne) Flannel (/wiki/Flannel) Foulard (/wiki/Foulard) Fustian (/wiki/Fustian) Gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) Gauze (/wiki/Gauze) Gazar (/wiki/Gazar) Georgette (/wiki/Georgette_(fabric)) Ghalamkar (/wiki/Ghalamkar) Gingham (/wiki/Gingham) Grenadine (/wiki/Grenadine_(cloth)) Grenfell Cloth (/wiki/Grenfell_Cloth) Grosgrain (/wiki/Grosgrain) Habutai (/wiki/Habutai) Haircloth (/wiki/Haircloth) Harris tweed (/wiki/Harris_tweed) Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) Himroo (/wiki/Himroo) Hodden (/wiki/Hodden) Irish linen (/wiki/Irish_linen) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kerseymere (/wiki/Kerseymere) Khādī (/wiki/Kh%C4%81d%C4%AB) Khaki drill (/wiki/Khaki_drill) Kijōka-bashōfu (/wiki/Kij%C5%8Dka-bash%C5%8Dfu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) Lawn (/wiki/Lawn_cloth) Linsey-woolsey (/wiki/Linsey-woolsey) Loden Longcloth (/wiki/Longcloth) Mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_cloth) Madapollam (/wiki/Madapollam) Madras (/wiki/Madras_(cloth)) Moleskin (/wiki/Moleskin) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nainsook (/wiki/Nainsook) Nankeen (/wiki/Nankeen) Ninon (/wiki/Ninon) Oilskin (/wiki/Oilskin) Organdy (/wiki/Organdy) Organza (/wiki/Organza) Osnaburg (/wiki/Osnaburg) Ottoman (/wiki/Ottoman_(textile)) Oxford (/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)) Paduasoy (/wiki/Paduasoy) Percale (/wiki/Percale) Perpetuana (/wiki/Perpetuana) Pongee (/wiki/Pongee) Poplin (/wiki/Poplin) Rakematiz (/wiki/Rakematiz) Rayadillo (/wiki/Rayadillo) Rep (/wiki/Rep_(fabric)) Ripstop (/wiki/Ripstop) Russell cord (/wiki/Russell_cord) Saga Nishiki (/wiki/Saga_Nishiki) Samite (/wiki/Samite) Sateen (/wiki/Sateen) Satin (/wiki/Satin) Saye (/wiki/Saye) Scarlet (/wiki/Scarlet_(cloth)) Seerhand muslin (/wiki/Seerhand_muslin) Seersucker (/wiki/Seersucker) Sendal (/wiki/Sendal) Serge (/wiki/Serge_(fabric)) Scrim (/wiki/Scrim_(material)) Shot silk (/wiki/Shot_silk) Stuff (/wiki/Stuff_(cloth)) Taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) Tais (/wiki/Tais) Tartan (/wiki/Tartan) Ticking (/wiki/Ticking) Toile (/wiki/Toile) Tucuyo (/wiki/Tucuyo) Tweed (/wiki/Tweed) Twill (/wiki/Twill) Ultrasuede (/wiki/Ultrasuede) Vegetable flannel (/wiki/Vegetable_flannel) Ventile (/wiki/Ventile) Vinyl coated polyester (/wiki/Vinyl_coated_polyester) Viyella (/wiki/Viyella) Voile (/wiki/Voile) Wadmal (/wiki/Wadmal) Waffle (/wiki/Waffle_fabric) Wigan (/wiki/Wigan_(fabric)) Whipcord (/wiki/Whipcord) Zephyr (/wiki/Zephyr_cloth) Zorbeez (/wiki/Zorbeez) Figured woven Brocade (/wiki/Brocade) Camlet (/wiki/Camlet) Damask (/wiki/Damask) Lampas (/wiki/Lampas) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Rinzu 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(/wiki/Ballistic_nylon) Ban-Lon (/wiki/Ban-Lon) Conductive textile (/wiki/Conductive_textile) Darlexx (/wiki/Darlexx) E-textiles (/wiki/E-textiles) Gannex (/wiki/Gannex) Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) Lenticular fabric (/wiki/Lenticular_fabric) Silnylon (/wiki/Silnylon) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Stub-tex (/wiki/Stub-tex) SympaTex (/wiki/SympaTex) Windstopper (/wiki/Windstopper) Patterns Argyle (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) Bizarre silk (/wiki/Bizarre_silk) Check (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) Chiné (/wiki/Warp_printing) Glen plaid (/wiki/Glen_plaid) Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) Houndstooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) Kelsch (/wiki/Kelsch_d%27Alsace) Paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) Pinstripes (/wiki/Pinstripes) Polka dot (/wiki/Polka_dot) Shweshwe (/wiki/Shweshwe) Tartan or plaid (/wiki/Tartan) Tattersall (/wiki/Tattersall_(cloth)) Textile fibers (/wiki/Fiber) Abacá (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1) (Manila hemp) Acrylic (/wiki/Acrylic_fiber) Alpaca (/wiki/Alpaca_fiber) Angora (/wiki/Angora_wool) Bashō 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The World of Anna Sui Housed at The Fashion and Textile Museum (/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum) [1] (#cite_note-BLANKSonWAS-1) Curators Dennis Nothdruft (/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Nothdruft&action=edit&redlink=1) [2] (#cite_note-CONLONonWAS-2) Anna Sui started her ready to wear label in 1981. Website http://www.ftmlondon.org/ftm-exhibitions/the-world-of-anna-sui/ (http://www.ftmlondon.org/ftm-exhibitions/the-world-of-anna-sui/) The World of Anna Sui was an exhibition (/wiki/Exhibition) housed at London (/wiki/London) 's Fashion and Textile Museum (/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum) from 26 May to 1 October 2017. [3] (#cite_note-3) The exhibition was curated by the museum's head curator (/wiki/Curator) Dennis Nothdruft (/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Nothdruft&action=edit&redlink=1) and focused on the effect of Sui's (/wiki/Anna_Sui) work on the history of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) . [4] (#cite_note-FTMonASW-4) The exhibit featured over 100 looks from the Sui’s archive, spanning the entirety the designer's career from 1981 to 2017 which covers a multitude of styles and trends, each telling a story. [2] (#cite_note-CONLONonWAS-2) It also marked the first time an American (/wiki/American_people) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) had been the feature of a retrospective (/wiki/Retrospective) exhibit in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . She was different than American designers as the garments she designed and outfits she styled genuinely “told stories” about the theme she chose. Her designs are often references to other works of arts such as books, movies, music, etc. Sui created a new period for fashion which made her very special and different in comparison to American designers. [5] (#cite_note-5) One key theme of the exhibition was the exploration of national identity through the medium of fashion and textiles in addition to Sui's own inspiration from femininity and New York's subcultures. [2] (#cite_note-CONLONonWAS-2) See also [ edit ] The Fashion and Textile Museum (/wiki/The_Fashion_and_Textile_Museum) Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-BLANKSonWAS_1-0) "Weaving Through the World of Anna Sui" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/opinion/anna-sui-exhibit-fashion-textile-museum) . businessoffashion.com (/wiki/Businessoffashion.com) . 2 November 2016 . Retrieved 23 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Conlon, Scarlett (2 November 2017). "London To Host Anna Sui Retrospective" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/anna-sui-retrospective-exhibition-the-fashion-and-textiles-museum-may-2016) . vogue.co.uk . Vogue UK . Retrieved 23 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Yotka, Steff (7 November 2016). "Enter the Age of Anna Sui" (http://www.vogue.com/13500722/anna-sui-book-by-tim-blanks-photos/) . vogue.com . Vogue . Retrieved 23 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-FTMonASW_4-0) "The World of Anna Sui" (http://www.ftmlondon.org/ftm-exhibitions/the-world-of-anna-sui/) . ftmlondon.org . The Fashion and Textile Museum. 2017 . Retrieved 23 January 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The World of Anna Sui" (https://mintmuseum.org/the-world-of-anna-sui/) . Retrieved 2022-11-04 . 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Dress of Elizabeth I of England The restored Altar Cloth in June 2019 The Bacton Altar Cloth is a 16th-century garment that is considered the sole surviving dress of Queen Elizabeth I (/wiki/Elizabeth_I) . The cloth, embroidered in an elaborate floral design and made of cloth of silver (/wiki/Cloth_of_silver) , is an important relic of Tudor (/wiki/Tudor_period) fashion (/wiki/1550%E2%80%931600_in_Western_European_fashion) and luxury trade, containing dyes from as far away as India and Mexico. [1] (#cite_note-bac2016-1) It was rediscovered in 2015 at St Faith's Church in Bacton (/wiki/Bacton,_Herefordshire) , Herefordshire (/wiki/Herefordshire) , where it had been used as an altar cloth (/wiki/Altar_cloth) for centuries. After several years of conservation and restoration, the garment was exhibited to the public in 2019 and 2020 along with the Rainbow Portrait (/wiki/Portraiture_of_Elizabeth_I_of_England#The_Rainbow_Portrait) , in which the queen is depicted wearing a highly similar dress. [2] (#cite_note-cbc-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Description [ edit ] A closer look at the intricate embroidery of the dress-turned-altar cloth The garment is made of cream-coloured silk and Italian cloth of silver. [4] (#cite_note-t&c-4) Cloth of silver was, under Sumptuary Law (/wiki/Sumptuary_law#England) , reserved for members of the royal family, which was an early clue of its origin. [5] (#cite_note-lostdressyt-5) It was elaborately embroidered with colourful flowers and vegetation in silk, silver and gold thread, including caterpillars and deer. [6] (#cite_note-6) Unusually, the embroidery was stitched straight onto the fabric, indicating expert workmanship and therefore an elite owner. [7] (#cite_note-crown-7) Dye used in the embroidery thread included cochineal (/wiki/Cochineal) red from Mexico, [8] (#cite_note-8) evidence of early trade from North America, as well Indian indigo (/wiki/Indigo) blue traded through Portugal. [2] (#cite_note-cbc-2) History of the dress [ edit ] Bacton Altar Cloth on display in 2007 in St Faith's Church, Bacton Elizabeth I wore a highly similar dress in her Rainbow Portrait The dress dates to late in Queen Elizabeth I (/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England) 's life, when she was nearly 70. It is highly similar to the embroidered dress she is depicted wearing in her Rainbow Portrait (/wiki/Portraiture_of_Elizabeth_I_of_England#The_Rainbow_Portrait) . The style of the floral embroidery puts the dress squarely into the 1590s, as anything from later years would have featured more scroll-like detail on the stems and vines, in line with early Stuart trends; additionally, only inventories from the later part of Elizabeth's reign show such expensive dresses were in her possession. [7] (#cite_note-crown-7) It seems possible that the garment was given to Bacton Church by the courtier Blanche Parry (/wiki/Blanche_Parry) , or, because of the stylistic evidence of the date of the embroidery, by Elizabeth in memory of Blanche Parry after her death in 1590. [9] (#cite_note-9) Parry, from Bacton, was a personal attendant of the Queen, and held the offices of Chief Gentlewoman of the Queen's Most Honourable Privy Chamber (/wiki/Privy_Chamber) and Keeper of Her Majesty's Jewels (/wiki/Inventory_of_Elizabeth_I) . Parry, who never married, remained devoted to Elizabeth and was her longest-serving courtier, by her side for 56 years. [5] (#cite_note-lostdressyt-5) In her will, she left money for the church and an almshouse in Bacton. [10] (#cite_note-10) The Altar Cloth had survived the centuries as it was considered a sacred object by the parishioners at St Faith's Church in Bacton. Its probable connection to Blanche Parry and the court of Elizabeth I was never forgotten, [11] (#cite_note-11) and in the 1870s it was thought that Blanche Parry had embroidered the cloth herself, [12] (#cite_note-12) for one of her own dresses to wear at court. [13] (#cite_note-13) Rediscovery [ edit ] The Bacton cloth was exhibited in London by T W. Colt Williams at a meeting of the Royal Archaeological Institute (/wiki/Royal_Archaeological_Institute) on 4 June 1885. [14] (#cite_note-14) It was also shown at the Society of Antiquaries on 18 June 1885. In 1909, the cloth was framed in oak and mounted on the wall above the pews. Nearby is the Blanche Parry Monument, the earliest depiction of the Queen as Gloriana (/wiki/Gloriana) . For 106 years the framed cloth remained on the north wall of Bacton Church, away from direct sunlight, which helped preserve the garment from fading. In the early 20th century, Sir Lionel Cust (/wiki/Lionel_Cust) , then Surveyor of the King's Pictures (/wiki/Surveyor_of_the_Queen%27s_Pictures) , recognised the importance of the cloth, after his wife Sybil Cust researched and published a short biography of Parry. [15] (#cite_note-15) Lionel Cust published an article in 1918 about its similarity to the costume of Elizabeth I depicted in her portraits. [16] (#cite_note-16) The cloth was also subject to research by dress historian Janet Arnold (/wiki/Janet_Arnold) who wrote about it in 1988. [17] (#cite_note-17) Return to prominence [ edit ] In 2015, the garment was researched by Ruth Elizabeth Richardson while writing a new biography of Blanche Parry (/wiki/Blanche_Parry) and Lady Troy (/wiki/Lady_Troy) . Richardson recognised the rarity and importance of the cloth. Subsequently, Eleri Lynn, a curator at the Historic Royal Palaces (/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces) who was researching a book on Tudor fashion, saw Richardson's photos of the cloth online. Lynn examined the cloth and discovered it was of extraordinarily high quality, while also observing evidence of pattern cutting that ultimately revealed it had been a dress. Lynn recognised that it is a unique survival, being the only known cloth with direct embroidery from any museum or collection worldwide. This led to the cloth being restored and eventually displayed to the public at Hampton Court Palace (/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace) . [2] (#cite_note-cbc-2) [5] (#cite_note-lostdressyt-5) Following display at Hampton Court in 2019-20, the cloth subsequently went on display as part of The Tudors: Passion, Power and Politics (https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/whatson/walker-art-gallery/exhibition/tudors-passion-power-and-politics) at National Museums Liverpool (/wiki/National_Museums_Liverpool) from May to August 2022 and later at Guildhall Art Gallery (/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery) from September to December 2023 as part of the Gold and Silver Wire Drawers (/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Gold_and_Silver_Wyre_Drawers) 400th anniversary celebrations. [18] (#cite_note-18) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-bac2016_1-0) "The Bacton Altar Cloth" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BD1Fy1WGqLk) . Historic Royal Palaces. 15 May 2016 . Retrieved 5 November 2019 . ^ a b c "Remnants of Queen Elizabeth I's sole surviving dress discovered in a rural church" (https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.5330601/remnants-of-queen-elizabeth-i-s-sole-surviving-dress-discovered-in-a-rural-church-1.5329408) . CBC. 23 October 2018 . Retrieved 5 November 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Alberge, Dalya (11 August 2019). "Elizabeth I's lost dress to go on display at Hampton Court after thousand hours of conservation work" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/11/elizabeth-lost-dress-go-display-athampton-court-thousand-hours/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 20 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-t&c_4-0) Murphy, Victoria (13 October 2019). "How Queen Elizabeth I's Only Surviving Dress Was Discovered in a Rural Church" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a29439199/queen-elizabeth-i-lost-dress-bacton-church-altar/) . Town & Country . Retrieved 5 November 2019 . ^ a b c "The Lost Dress of Elizabeth I" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjai9PoRMo8) . Historic Royal Palaces. 20 September 2019 . Retrieved 5 November 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Passino, Carla (12 August 2019). "A centuries-old altar cloth from a rural English church turned out to be the 'lost dress' of Elizabeth I, and it's set to go on public display" (https://www.countrylife.co.uk/news/altar-cloth-lay-unnoticed-centuries-actually-lost-dress-elizabeth-set-go-public-display-201351) . Country Life (/wiki/Country_Life_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 April 2020 . ^ a b Howard, Victoria (11 October 2019). "The Bacton Altar Cloth – Elizabeth I's only surviving dress – now at Hampton Court Palace" (https://thecrownchronicles.co.uk/history/history-posts/the-bacton-altar-cloth-elizabeth-is-only-surviving-dress-now-at-hampton-court-palace/) . The Crown Chronicles . Retrieved 4 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Eleri Lynn, Tudor Textiles (Yale, 2020), p. 26. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Eleri Lynn, Tudor Textiles (Yale, 2020), p. 67. ^ (#cite_ref-10) George Ballard, Memoirs of several ladies of Great Britain (Detroit, 1985), p. 186. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Jean Wilson, The Archaeology of Shakespeare : The Material Legacy of Shakespeare's theatre (Sutton, 1995), 131. ^ (#cite_ref-12) 'Blanche Parry', Notes & Queries , 4th series, X (2 July 1872), p. 48. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Sybil Cust, Queen Elizabeth's gentlewoman, and other sketches (London, 1914), pp. 30-1: Ruth Elizabeth Richardson, Mistress Blanche: Queen Elizabeth I's Confidante (Logaston Press, 2007), p. 62: Edward W. Colt (Williams), 'Notes on the Bacton chalice', (https://archive.org/details/transactionsofwo86wool/page/n267/mode/2up) Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club (hereford, 1892), p. 233 (https://archive.org/details/transactionsofwo86wool/page/n267/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-14) The Archaeological Journal , 42 (London, 1885), p. 477, probably 'Edward W. Colt (Williams)'. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Sybil Cust, Queen Elizabeth's gentlewoman, and other sketches (London, 1914), pp. 3-33 (https://archive.org/details/queenelizabethsg00custiala/page/n19/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Lionel Henry Cust, 'Queen Elizabeth's Kirtle', The Burlington Magazine , 33:189 (December 1918), pp. 196–201. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Arnold, Janet (1988). Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd . London: Maney. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Queen Elizabeth I's silver thread dress going on display in the City of London" (https://www.ianvisits.co.uk/articles/queen-elizabeth-is-silver-thread-dress-going-on-display-in-the-city-of-london-63511/) . ianvisits. 15 June 2023 . Retrieved 16 June 2023 . Further reading [ edit ] Richardson, Ruth Elizabeth, Mistress Blanche Queen Elizabeth I's Confidante , (first edition 2007) second edition 2018, Logaston Press, Eardisley, Herefordshire. Richardson, Ruth Elizabeth, "Elizabeth I's Earliest Influences: New Discoveries Concerning Blanche Parry, Lady Troy, the Funeral Monuments and the Bacton Altar Cloth", The Court Historian , May 2020. Lynn, Eleri, 'The Bacton Altar Cloth: Elizabeth I's 'long-lost skirt'?', Costume , 52:1 (March 2018), pp. 3-25. Lynn, Eleri, Tudor Fashion , 2017, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, in association with Historic Royal Palaces. Arnold, Janet, Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd , 1988, Maney. 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American designer and sculptor (born 1989) Misha Kahn Born 1989 (age 34–35) Duluth, Minnesota (/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota) , U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Rhode Island School of Design (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) Known for Sculpture, assemblage (/wiki/Assemblage_(art)) Partner Nick Haramis (/wiki/Nick_Haramis) Misha Kahn (born 1989) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) is an American designer and sculptor, known for assemblage (/wiki/Assemblage_(art)) . He incorporates refuse and found objects (/wiki/Found_object) in his furniture and lighting designs. Kahn's style has been described as "disheveled, spontaneous maximalism (/wiki/Maximalism) ". [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Kahn graduated from Rhode Island School of Design (/wiki/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) (RISD) with a degree in furniture design in 2011. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2012, he was a Fulbright Fellow (/wiki/Fulbright_Program) at Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design (/wiki/Bezalel_Academy_of_Arts_and_Design) in Tel Aviv, Israel. [5] (#cite_note-5) He was a fellow in 2013 at the Creative Glass Center of America at WheatonArts (/wiki/WheatonArts) in Millville (/wiki/Millville,_New_Jersey) , New Jersey. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Kahn was featured in the Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) 's 2014 NYC Makers biennial. His first solo exhibition, Midden Heap , was at the Friedman Benda Gallery in 2016. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) He has since exhibited at the Whitney Museum of American Art (/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art) , the Walker Art Center (/wiki/Walker_Art_Center) , Dallas Museum of Art (/wiki/Dallas_Museum_of_Art) , and High Museum of Art (/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) His work is found in numerous public collections such as Corning Museum of Glass (/wiki/Corning_Museum_of_Glass) (Corning, New York), [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston) (Houston, Texas). [12] (#cite_note-12) Collectors of his work include Kelly Wearstler (/wiki/Kelly_Wearstler) and Peter Marino (/wiki/Peter_Marino) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2023, Kahn was a contestant on The Exhibit: Finding the Next Great Artist (/wiki/The_Exhibit:_Finding_the_Next_Great_Artist) , a reality TV series that aired on MTV and the Smithsonian Channel. [14] (#cite_note-smithsonian.230303-14) Personal life [ edit ] He was born in Duluth, Minnesota. [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) He currently lives in the Bushwick (/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn) neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, with his boyfriend Nick Haramis (/wiki/Nick_Haramis) . [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Misha Kahn, 2022 Gallery [ edit ] Remember Dreams in der Villa Stuck Before They're gone in der Villa Stuck Scribble Weed and Spagetthification in der Villa Stuck Außenansicht der Villa Stuck mit Under the Wobble Moon auf dem Balkon References [ edit ] ^ a b "Collection: Ponchan" (https://www.cmog.org/artwork/ponchan) . Corning Museum of Glass . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wu, Su (26 March 2017). "Dada 2.0". The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Chaos theory: Trash becomes treasure in the fantastical work of Brooklyn-based designer Misha Kahn". Architectural Digest . 74 (11): 142. 1 November 2017. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0003-8520 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-8520) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Garage Sales That Influenced Misha Kahn" (https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/misha-kahn-want-apothecary-nomad-hotel/) . SURFACE . 2019-05-18 . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Why Artist and Designer Misha Kahn Is Turning Heads" (https://www.galeriemagazine.com/artist-misha-kahn-installation-design/) . Galerie . 2016-12-12 . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Misha Kahn Essay" (http://www.wheatonarts.org/misha-kahn-essay/) . WheatonArts . 2013 . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Misha Kahn" (http://www.wheatonarts.org/misha-kahn/) . WheatonArts . 2013 . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Hass, Nancy (25 March 2018). "Another thing". The New York Times . p. 136. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Herriman, Kat (22 February 2016). "The Playful, Cartoonish Designs of a Furniture Wunderkind" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/22/t-magazine/art/furniture-designer-misha-kahn-friedman-benda.html) . The New York Times Style magazine . Retrieved 2018-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Adams, Susan (3 January 2017). "From Candice Galek To Skyler Grey To Bethany Mota: 30 Under 30 In Art And Style" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2017/01/03/from-candice-galek-to-skyler-grey-to-bethany-mota-30-under-30-in-art-and-style/#528fbc303e95) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "speechless: different by design" (https://dma.org/speechless) . Dallas Museum of Art . Retrieved 17 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Collection: The Wild One" (https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/131370?returnUrl=/art/search?classification=Lighting+Devices) . The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Martin, Hannah (October 9, 2017). "Explore Misha Kahn's World" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/explore-misha-kahns-world) . Architectural Digest . Condé Nast . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-smithsonian.230303_14-0) Roger, Catlin (March 3, 2023). "Behind the Scenes of the New Reality Series, 'The Exhibit' (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/behind-the-scenes-of-the-new-reality-series-the-exhibit-180981731/) " (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/behind-the-scenes-of-the-new-reality-series-the-exhibit-180981731/) . The Smithsonian . Washington DC . Retrieved March 3, 2023 . ^ a b Wu, Su (2017-03-06). "These 6 Emerging Designers Are Redefining Ugly" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/t-magazine/young-designers-katie-stout-misha-kahn-chris-wolston.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-08-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Goodman, Wendy (November 16, 2017). "Two Grown Men Live Here He likes color. He doesn't. Guess who won?" (https://www.thecut.com/2017/11/pee-wees-playhouse-esque-home-for-two-grown-men.html) . New York Magazine. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.mishakahn.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/741149196516474791614) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1129463648) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2020068655) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐qvk89 Cached time: 20240623233720 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.387 seconds Real time usage: 0.531 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2368/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32796/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1547/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 67431/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.290/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6611927/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 497.166 1 -total 32.31% 160.616 1 Template:Reflist 28.26% 140.483 1 Template:Infobox_artist 21.56% 107.190 8 Template:Cite_web 16.94% 84.206 1 Template:Authority_control 16.38% 81.432 1 Template:Short_description 8.51% 42.327 2 Template:Pagetype 8.44% 41.951 19 Template:Main_other 5.93% 29.461 7 Template:Cite_news 5.09% 25.290 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58008706-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623233720 and revision id 1187095887. 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Brazilian model and DJ (born 1987) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Jesus Luz" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jesus+Luz%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jesus+Luz%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jesus+Luz%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jesus+Luz%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jesus+Luz%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jesus+Luz%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Jesus Luz Luz in January 2009 Born Jesus Pinto da Luz ( 1987-01-15 ) 15 January 1987 (age 37) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) , Brazil Modeling information Height 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) Hair color Brown (/wiki/Hair_color#Brown_hair) Eye color Green (/wiki/Eye_color#Green) Agency Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) Jesus Pinto da Luz (born 15 January 1987) is a Brazilian model and DJ (/wiki/Disc_jockey) . Early life [ edit ] Luz was born in Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) . He is the son of a hairdresser and public official in the Rio de Janeiro city government. His name was given to him by his father who always admired Jesus Christ as the most philosophical mind of all time. His surname Luz means "light" in Portuguese. Luz has two younger half brothers. As a child, he moved frequently, especially after his parents split when he was five years old. When he was a teenager, he pursued modeling and acting, working odd jobs, including as a salesman at a surf shop in Ipanema. Luz grew up in a musical environment; his uncle used to play in a rock band in Rio de Janeiro. [1] (#cite_note-nyt-1) [2] (#cite_note-im-2) Fashion career [ edit ] Luz signed his first contract in 2005 for the 40 Graus Models modeling agency. He was hired by Sergio Mattos for whom he worked for three years. In 2006, he spent six months in New York, living with an aunt and learning English. Luz landed his first modeling job walking the runway in Rio Fashion Week (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) 2007. During that period, he also studied acting at the Casa das Artes de Laranjeiras training school for actors. In 2008, Luz signed the contract with Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) becoming one of the highest paid male models in the world. That same year, Luz got his first major international job when Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) chose him to pose alongside Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) for a W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) magazine photo shoot. Rumors that the relationship moved from staged photographs to real life began in December 2008 when reports from the Brazilian press surfaced, which made Luz internationally known. In 2009, he was featured on the summer cover of L'Officiel Hommes (/wiki/L%27Officiel_Hommes) magazine and was one of the faces for Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , photographed by Klein. He was also photographed by Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) for Pepe Jeans (/wiki/Pepe_Jeans) alongside Hanne Gabe Odiele and Agnete Hegelund (/wiki/Agnete_Hegelund) . In Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) 2009, Luz debuted as a Dolce & Gabbana exclusive model. In 2010, he appeared in an Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) magazine editorial photographed by Mikael Jansson (/wiki/Mikael_Jansson_(photographer)) . [1] (#cite_note-nyt-1) [2] (#cite_note-im-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Music career [ edit ] Luz had a lot of DJ and musician friends in school, where he played flute. He got into DJing in 2010. Luz used to watch his friends do it and started to go to all of the electronic parties. He attended the "Dubspot", a DJ school in New York City, for three months where he was taught how to mix, how the crossfader works, and all the basic stuff to deal with the equipment. He is interested in electronic music—trance, electro-house, progressive house and tech-house. Later Luz landed high-profile gigs. For the 90-minute set he was spinning on his second professional D.J. job he was being paid around $15,000. [1] (#cite_note-nyt-1) [2] (#cite_note-im-2) Kabbalah [ edit ] Luz practises Kabbalah (/wiki/Kabbalah) . He was introduced to Kabbalah by his ex-girlfriend Madonna and has also studied Buddhism (/wiki/Buddhism) and yoga (/wiki/Yoga) . "I'm just looking for something to make me strong, and Kabbalah has given me that", Luz said. [1] (#cite_note-nyt-1) Videography [ edit ] Music video [ edit ] Year Song title Artist Ref 2009 " Celebration (/wiki/Celebration_(Madonna_song)) " Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) [4] (#cite_note-4) 2011 "Running Man" Jesus Luz and Yves Larock 2013 " Caliente (/wiki/Caliente_(Inna_song)) " Inna (/wiki/Inna) [5] (#cite_note-5) Accolades [ edit ] In 2010, Luz won the NewNowNext Awards (/wiki/NewNowNext_Awards) for Cause You're Hot, thanking his then-girlfriend Madonna in his acceptance speech. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Salkin, Allen (27 November 2009). "For Madonna's Boyfriend, Fame by Association" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/29/fashion/29luz.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ a b c Durbin, Jonathan (2010). "Jesus Luz" (http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/jesus-luz/#/page3) . W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Jesus Luz" (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/jluz/jesusluz/) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Retrieved 17 May 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Montgomery, James (1 September 2009). "Madonna Returns To Her Dark Era With 'Celebration' Video" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090904041304/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1620512/20090901/madonna.jhtml) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1620512/20090901/madonna.jhtml) on 4 September 2009 . Retrieved 2 September 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Jesus Luz aparece sem camisa e exibe músculos em clipe. Assista" (http://ego.globo.com/famosos/noticia/2012/05/jesus-luz-aparece-sem-camisa-e-exibe-musculos-em-clipe.html) . Ego (/wiki/Ego_(website)) (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved 16 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jesus Luz Wins Hot Award" (https://www.thedailybeast.com/jesus-luz-wins-hot-award?ref=scroll) . The Daily Beast (/wiki/The_Daily_Beast) . 18 June 2010 . Retrieved 9 March 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jesus Luz (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jesus_Luz) . Jesus Luz (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3841034/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Jesus Luz (https://www.facebook.com/jesusluzofficial) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)) "Jesus Luz grava clipe na praia do Leblon" (https://www.ofuxico.com.br/noticias/jesus-luz-grava-clipe-na-praia-do-leblon/) . O Fuxico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 February 2011 . Retrieved 28 November 2021 . 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jt8gd Cached time: 20240720215406 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52021591-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720215406 and revision id 745070733. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies of Thailand" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Ari Football (/wiki/Ari_Football) B Busardi (/wiki/Busardi) F Fairtex (/wiki/Fairtex) T Twins Special (/wiki/Twins_Special) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Thailand&oldid=745070733 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_of_Thailand&oldid=745070733) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Thai fashion (/wiki/Category:Thai_fashion) Design companies of Thailand (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_of_Thailand) Clothing companies by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_country) Companies of Thailand by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Thailand_by_industry)
German fashion model (born 1987) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Vanessa Hegelmaier" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Vanessa+Hegelmaier%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Vanessa+Hegelmaier%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vanessa+Hegelmaier%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vanessa+Hegelmaier%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vanessa+Hegelmaier%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vanessa+Hegelmaier%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Vanessa Hegelmaier Hegelmeier walks for BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) in 2010. Born Anna Vanessa Hegelmaier ( 1987-06-18 ) June 18, 1987 (age 37) Stadthagen (/wiki/Stadthagen) , Lower Saxony (/wiki/Lower_Saxony) , West Germany (/wiki/West_Germany) Nationality German (/wiki/Germany) Years active 2008– Modeling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) [1] (#cite_note-img-1) Hair color Brown [1] (#cite_note-img-1) Eye color Green/Grey Agency Place Model Management (/w/index.php?title=Place_Model_Management&action=edit&redlink=1) Why Not Model Agency (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Agency) IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) New York & Paris D Models Anna Vanessa Hegelmaier (born June 18, 1987) is a German (/wiki/German_people) fashion (/wiki/Fashion) model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , who placed ninth in the third cycle (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel,_Cycle_3) of the reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) show Germany's Next Top Model (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Top_Model) after withdrawing due to a brain concussion. [2] (#cite_note-gala-2) Early life [ edit ] She was born in Stadthagen (/wiki/Stadthagen) , Lower Saxony (/wiki/Lower_Saxony) , Germany. Prior to her participation on the show in 2008 she was studying mathematics at the University of Bielefeld (/wiki/Bielefeld_University) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Germany's Next Topmodel [ edit ] Main article: Germany's Next Topmodel, Cycle 3 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel,_Cycle_3) Without her knowledge, friends of Hegelmaier applied for her to be on the show. [4] (#cite_note-elle-4) She was invited to be featured in the first episode among the top 100 and was selected to be part of the final 19 in Episode 2. Despite her quiet personality that resulted in a lack of screen time, she started to dominate the competition when she won the very first casting for Bree handbags. Later on she was also featured in an editorial in the German issue of Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) alongside two other contestants and Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) due to a challenge win. In the beginning of episode 9 the remaining nine finalists where about to fly to Australia (/wiki/Australia) when it was announced that Hegelmaier would not be able to attend the flight due to a brain concussion. That incident took place at her home where she was staying during a break of taping for the show. One episode later, she withdrew from the competition for good placing 9th overall. [4] (#cite_note-elle-4) She later stated that she did not regret her participation on the show but had no intention of winning. [2] (#cite_note-gala-2) Career [ edit ] After GNTM Hegelmaier returned to study before getting signed with Place Models Management in Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) in 2009 which is her mother agency since then. She is currently signed with IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Why Not Model Agency (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Agency) in Milan (/wiki/Milan) and D Models in Athens (/wiki/Athens) . She made her runway debut during Spring/Summer 2010 shows in New York, London, Milan (/wiki/Milan) , and Paris walking for more than 20 different labels. During the next season she walked 30 shows, among them the presentations of Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , and Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) . [5] (#cite_note-vogue-5) She walked for Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Jonathan Saunders (/wiki/Jonathan_Saunders) , Missoni, Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) , BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) , Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) , Topshop Unique and others. [4] (#cite_note-elle-4) [5] (#cite_note-vogue-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Her print work includes editorials for international issues of Amica (/w/index.php?title=Amica_(Italy)&action=edit&redlink=1) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , and Cosmopolitan . She was booked for campaigns by labels such as Bogner Jeans, Bree, DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , DKNY WATCH and Escada (/wiki/Escada) Sport. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Vanessa Hegelmaier" (https://www.imgmodels.com/details.aspx?navbtn=1&cityID=2&modelid=473888&subid=2605&mainsubid=2605&catID=1&indx=10) . IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . ^ a b Herffs, Hauke (2010-03-23). "Vanessa Hegelmaier: "Keine Träne vergossen" (http://www.gala.de/beauty_fashion/fashion/98660/Vanessa-Hegelmaier-Keine-Traene-vergossen.html) " (http://www.gala.de/beauty_fashion/fashion/98660/Vanessa-Hegelmaier-Keine-Traene-vergossen.html) [Vanessa Hegelmaier: "No tears shed"]. Gala (in German) . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Jahn, Babett (2009-04-24). "Zwischen Uni und Fotostudio" (http://www.nw-news.de/lokale_news/bielefeld/bielefeld/2912656_zwischen_uni_und_fotostudio.html) [Between university and photo studio]. Neue Westfälische (in German) . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . ^ a b c "Anna Vanessa Hegelmaier – das self-made Topmodel" (http://www.elle.de/Artikel/Anna-Vanessa-Hegelmaier-Das-self-made-Topmodel_1433564.html) [Anna Vanessa Hegelmaier – the self-made Topmodel]. Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) (in German) . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . ^ a b "Vanessa Hegelmaier" (http://www.vogue.de/articles/models/models/vanessa-hegelmaier/2010/03/10/19943) . vogue.de (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) (in German) . Retrieved 2011-07-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Vanessa Hegelmaier" (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/vhegelmaier/vanessahegelmaier/) . nymag.com (/wiki/Nymag.com) . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Müller, Christa Catharina. "New York Fashion Week: Vanessa Hegelmaier aus Staffel 3 GNTM" (http://www.vogue.de/articles/models/models/vanessa-hegelmaier/2009/09/16/17776) . vogue.de . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Vanessa Hegelmaier" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Vanessa_Hegelmaier/) . Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vanessa Hegelmaier (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vanessa_Hegelmaier) . Vanessa Hegelmaier (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/vanessa_hegelmaier/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) v t e Germany's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel) Seasons 1 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_15) 16 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_16) 17 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_17) 18 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_18) 19 (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_19) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel_contestants) Winners Lena Gercke (/wiki/Lena_Gercke) Barbara Meier (/wiki/Barbara_Meier) Jennifer Hof (/wiki/Jennifer_Hof) Sara Nuru (/wiki/Sara_Nuru) Alisar Ailabouni (/wiki/Alisar_Ailabouni) Jana Beller (/wiki/Jana_Beller) Luisa Hartema (/wiki/Luisa_Hartema) Lovelyn Enebechi (/wiki/Lovelyn_Enebechi) Stefanie Giesinger (/wiki/Stefanie_Giesinger) Vanessa Fuchs (/wiki/Vanessa_Fuchs) Kim Hnizdo (/wiki/Kim_Hnizdo) Céline Bethmann (/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Bethmann) Toni Dreher-Adenuga (/wiki/Toni_Dreher-Adenuga) Simone Kowalski (/wiki/Simone_Kowalski) Jacky Wruck (/wiki/Jacky_Wruck) Alex-Mariah Peter (/wiki/Alex-Mariah_Peter) Lou-Anne Gleißenebner-Teskey (/wiki/Lou-Anne_Glei%C3%9Fenebner-Teskey) Vivien Blotzki (/wiki/Vivien_Blotzki) Other alumni Micaela Schäfer (/wiki/Micaela_Sch%C3%A4fer) Fiona Erdmann (/wiki/Fiona_Erdmann) Vanessa Hegelmaier Milla von Krockow (/wiki/Milla_von_Krockow) Gina-Lisa Lohfink (/wiki/Gina-Lisa_Lohfink) Larissa Marolt (/wiki/Larissa_Marolt) Rebecca Mir (/wiki/Rebecca_Mir) Giuliana Radermacher (/wiki/Giuliana_Farfalla) Miriam Rautert (/wiki/Miriam_Rautert) Related Die Model WG (/wiki/Die_Model_WG_(German_TV_series)) Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model) Austria's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel) Switzerland's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Switzerland%27s_Next_Topmodel) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4hrdk Cached time: 20240720232644 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.465 seconds Real time usage: 0.636 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2681/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51894/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3511/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44844/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.338/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8146774/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 576.058 1 -total 30.01% 172.896 1 Template:Infobox_model 20.15% 116.047 1 Template:Reflist 17.44% 100.473 8 Template:Cite_web 12.83% 73.916 1 Template:Germany's_Next_Topmodel 12.73% 73.326 2 Template:Navbox 11.83% 68.176 1 Template:Short_description 11.46% 66.015 1 Template:BLP_sources 10.38% 59.819 1 Template:Ambox 6.50% 37.416 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32116973-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720232644 and revision id 1184615037. 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(Redirected from Insole (/w/index.php?title=Insole&redirect=no) ) Footwear This article is about footwear. For other uses, see Shoe (disambiguation) (/wiki/Shoe_(disambiguation)) . "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . A variety of shoes displayed at the Nordic Museum (/wiki/Nordic_Museum) , including models from 1700 to the 1960s. A shoe is an item of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) intended to protect and comfort the human foot (/wiki/Foot) . Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is vulnerable, and shoes provide protection. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) , which are required footwear at industrial worksites. Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs, such as high heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) , which are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemporary footwear varies vastly in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals (/wiki/Sandal) may consist of only a thin sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers (/wiki/Fashion_design) may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots (/wiki/Boot) designed specifically for mountaineering (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) or skiing (/wiki/Ski_boot) , while others have more generalized usage such as sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) which have transformed from a special purpose sport shoe into a general use shoe. Traditionally, shoes have been made from leather (/wiki/Leather) , wood (/wiki/Wood) or canvas (/wiki/Canvas) , but are increasingly being made from rubber (/wiki/Synthetic_rubber) , plastics (/wiki/Plastic) , and other petrochemical (/wiki/Petrochemical) -derived materials. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Globally, the shoe industry is a $200 billion a year industry. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) 90% of shoes end up in landfills, because the materials are hard to separate, recycle or otherwise reuse. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) History Antiquity The oldest known leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , about 5500 years old, found in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) Esparto (/wiki/Esparto) sandals from the 6th (/wiki/6th_millennium_BC) or 5th millennium BC (/wiki/5th_millennium_BC) found in Spain (/wiki/Spain) Roman shoes: a man's, [2] (#cite_note-2) a woman's [3] (#cite_note-3) and a child's [4] (#cite_note-4) shoe from Bar Hill Roman Fort (/wiki/Bar_Hill_Fort) , Scotland. Earliest evidence The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals (/wiki/Sandal) dating (/wiki/Carbon_dating) from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave (/wiki/Fort_Rock_Cave) in the US (/wiki/United_States) state of Oregon (/wiki/Oregon) in 1938. [5] (#cite_note-Connolly_Tom-5) The world's oldest leather shoe (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) , made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni-1 cave complex (/wiki/Areni-1_cave_complex) in Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) [7] (#cite_note-Petraglia_Michael-7) Ötzi the Iceman (/wiki/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman) 's shoes, dating to 3300 BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot. [6] (#cite_note-Ravilious_Kate-6) The Jotunheimen shoe (/wiki/Jotunheimen_shoe) was discovered in August 2006: archaeologists estimate that this leather shoe was made between 1800 and 1100 BC, [8] (#cite_note-Nesje_Pilø_Finstad_Solli-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia. Sandals and other plant fiber based tools were found in Cueva de los Murciélagos (/wiki/Cueva_de_los_Murci%C3%A9lagos) in Albuñol (/wiki/Albu%C3%B1ol) in southern Spain in 2023, dating to approximately 7500 to 4200 BC, making them what are believed to be the oldest shoes found in Europe. [10] (#cite_note-Science_Advances-10) It is thought that shoes may have been used long before this, but because the materials used were highly perishable, it is difficult to find evidence of the earliest footwear. [11] (#cite_note-Johnson_Olivia-11) Footprints (/wiki/Footprints) suggestive of shoes or sandals due to having crisp edges, no signs of toes found and three small divots where leather tying laces/straps would have been attached have been at Garden Route National Park (/wiki/Garden_Route_National_Park) , Addo Elephant National Park (/wiki/Addo_Elephant_National_Park) and Goukamma Nature Reserve (/wiki/Goukamma_Marine_Protected_Area) in South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) . [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) These date back to between 73,000 and 136,000 PB. Consistent with the existence of such shoe is the finding of bone awls (/wiki/Bone_tool) dating back to this period that could have made simple footwear. [12] (#cite_note-Helm_Lockley_Cawthra_De_Vynck-12) Another source of evidence is the study of the bones of the smaller toes (as opposed to the big toe), it was observed that their thickness decreased approximately 40,000 to 26,000 years ago. This led archaeologists (/wiki/Archaeologist) to deduce the existence of common rather than an occasional wearing of shoes as this would lead to less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes. [13] (#cite_note-Trinkaus_Erik-13) These earliest designs were very simple, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. Americas Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) . These are tight-fitting, soft-soled shoes typically made out of leather or bison (/wiki/Bison) hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. Moccasins were not designed to be waterproof, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most Native Americans (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) went barefoot (/wiki/Barefoot) . [14] (#cite_note-Laubin_Laubin_Vestal-14) The leaves of the sisal (/wiki/Sisal) plant were used to make twine (/wiki/Twine) for sandals in South America while the natives of Mexico used the Yucca (/wiki/Yucca) plant. [15] (#cite_note-Curtin_Cameron-15) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Africa and Middle East As civilizations began to develop, thong sandals (precursors to the modern flip-flop (/wiki/Flip-flops) ) were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) murals from 4000 BC. "Thebet" may have been the term used to describe these sandals in Egyptian times, possibly from the city Thebes (/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt) . The Middle Kingdom (/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt) is when the first of these thebets were found, but it is possible that it debuted in the Early Dynastic Period (/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) One pair found in Europe was made of papyrus (/wiki/Papyrus) leaves and dated (/wiki/Carbon_dating) to be approximately 1,500 years old. They were also worn in Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) during the first century of the Christian era. [18] (#cite_note-Kendzior_Russell-18) Thong sandals were worn by many civilizations and made from a vast variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. The Masai (/wiki/Maasai_people) of Africa made them out of rawhide (/wiki/Rawhide_(textile)) . In India they were made from wood. While thong sandals were commonly worn, many people in ancient times, such as the Egyptians (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) , Hindus (/wiki/Hindus) and Greeks (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) , saw little need for footwear, and most of the time, preferred being barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a "Cleopatra", [ citation needed ] which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. Asia and Europe The ancient Greeks largely viewed footwear as self-indulgent, unaesthetic and unnecessary. Shoes were primarily worn in the theater, as a means of increasing stature, and many preferred to go barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games (/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games) participated barefoot—and naked. [20] (#cite_note-ancient_olympics-20) Even the gods (/wiki/Twelve_Olympians) and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, as well as the hoplite (/wiki/Hoplite) warriors. They fought battles in bare feet and Alexander the Great (/wiki/Alexander_the_Great) conquered his vast empire with barefoot armies. The runners of Ancient Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) had also been believed to have run barefoot. [21] (#cite_note-Krentz_Peter-21) Footwear of Roman soldiers (reconstruction) The Romans (/wiki/Ancient_Rome) , who eventually conquered the Greeks and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing. Roman clothing (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world, although the slaves and paupers usually went barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) Roman soldiers were issued with chiral (/wiki/Chiral) (left and right shoe different) footwear. [22] (#cite_note-22) Shoes for soldiers had riveted insoles to extend the life of the leather, increase comfort, and provide better traction. The design of these shoes also designated the rank of the officers. The more intricate the insignia and the higher up the boot went on the leg, the higher the rank of the soldier. [23] (#cite_note-23) There are references to shoes being worn in the Bible (/wiki/Bible) . [24] (#cite_note-24) In China and Japan, rice straws were used. [ citation needed ] Starting around 4 BC, the Greeks began wearing symbolic footwear. These were heavily decorated to clearly indicate the status of the wearer. Courtesans wore leather shoes colored with white, green, lemon or yellow dyes, and young woman betrothed or newly married wore pure white shoes. Because of the cost to lighten leather, shoes of a paler shade were a symbol of wealth in the upper class. Often, the soles would be carved with a message so it would imprint on the ground. Cobblers became a notable profession around this time, with Greek shoemakers becoming famed in the Roman empire. [25] (#cite_note-25) Middle Ages and early modern period Asia and Europe A common casual shoe in the Pyrenees (/wiki/Pyrenees) during the Middle Ages was the espadrille (/wiki/Espadrille) . This is a sandal with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is French (/wiki/French_language) and comes from the esparto (/wiki/Esparto) grass. The shoe originated in the Catalonian (/wiki/Catalonia) region of Spain (/wiki/Spain) as early as the 13th century, and was commonly worn by peasants (/wiki/Peasant) in the farming communities in the area. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) New styles began to develop during the Song dynasty in China, one of them being the debut of foot straps. It was first used by the noble Han classes, but soon developed throughout society. Women would use these shoes to develop their "lotus feet", which would entice the males. The practice allegedly started during the Shang dynasty, but it grew popular by c. AD 960 . [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) When the Mongols (/wiki/Mongols) conquered China, they dissolved the practice in 1279, and the Manchus banned foot binding in 1644. The Han people, however, continued to use the style without much government intervention. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Dutch pattens, c. 1465 . Excavated from the archeological site of Walraversijde (/wiki/Walraversijde) , near Ostend (/wiki/Ostend) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) In medieval times shoes could be up to two feet long, with their toes sometimes filled with hair, wool, moss, or grass. [27] (#cite_note-27) Many medieval shoes were made using the turnshoe (/wiki/Turnshoe) method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam. [28] (#cite_note-28) The shoe was then turned inside-out so that the grain was outside. Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings (/wiki/Drawstring) to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit. Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images. [29] (#cite_note-29) Around 1500, the turnshoe method was largely replaced by the welted rand method (where the uppers are sewn to a much stiffer sole and the shoe cannot be turned inside-out). [30] (#cite_note-Blair_John-30) The turn shoe method is still used for some dance (/wiki/Dance_shoe) and specialty shoes. By the 15th century, pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) became popular by both men and women in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high-heeled shoe (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) , [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot. [19] (#cite_note-Frazine_Richard-19) In the 15th century, the Crakow (/wiki/Crakow_(shoe)) was fashionable (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_fashion) in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) , the capital of Poland (/wiki/Poland) . The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the "polaine", which often was supported by a whalebone (/wiki/Baleen) tied to the knee to prevent the point getting in the way while walking. [32] (#cite_note-polaine-32) Also during the 15th century, chopines (/wiki/Chopine) were created in Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , and were usually 7–8 in (180–200 mm) high. These shoes became popular in Venice (/wiki/Venice) and throughout Europe, as a status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) revealing wealth and social standing. During the 16th century, royalty, such as Catherine de Medici (/wiki/Catherine_de_Medici) or Mary I of England (/wiki/Mary_I_of_England) , started wearing high-heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life. By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well-heeled". [31] (#cite_note-high_heels-31) In 17th century France, heels were exclusively worn by aristocrats. Louis XIV of France (/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France) outlawed anybody from wearing red high heels except for himself and his royal court. [33] (#cite_note-33) Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, welted rand shoes were commonly made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights". [34] (#cite_note-Yue_Charlotte-34) Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard. Industrial era Asia and Europe A shoemaker (/wiki/Shoemaker) in the Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) , from The Book of English Trades , 1821. Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) became more commercialized in the mid-18th century, as it expanded as a cottage industry (/wiki/Cottage_industry) . Large warehouses (/wiki/Warehouse) began to stock footwear, made by many small manufacturers from the area. Until the 19th century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century's end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of mass production (/wiki/Mass_production) , the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide. The 19th century was when Chinese feminists called for an end to the use of foot straps, and a ban in 1902 was implemented. The ban was soon repealed until it was banned again in 1911 by the new Nationalist government. It was effective in coastal cities, but countryside cities continued without much regulation. Mao Zedong enforced the rule in 1949 and it continues throughout contemporary times. A number of people still have lotus feet today. [26] (#cite_note-:1-26) Woman's shoe, China, possibly Shanxi or Ningbo style, late 19th to early 20th century The first steps towards mechanisation were taken during the Napoleonic Wars (/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars) by the engineer, Marc Brunel (/wiki/Marc_Brunel) . He developed machinery for the mass production of boots for the soldiers of the British Army (/wiki/British_Army) . In 1812, he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) With the support of the Duke of York (/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany) , the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for the use of the army. In the same year, the use of screws and staples was patented by Richard Woodman (/wiki/Richard_Woodman_(martyr)) . Brunel's system was described by Sir Richard Phillips (/wiki/Sir_Richard_Phillips) as a visitor to his factory in Battersea (/wiki/Battersea) as follows: By the late 19th century, the shoemaking industry had migrated to the factory and was increasingly mechanized. Pictured, the bottoming room of the B. F. Spinney & Co. factory in Lynn, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts) , 1872. In another building I was shown his manufactory of shoes, which, like the other, is full of ingenuity, and, in regard to subdivision of labour, brings this fabric on a level with the oft-admired manufactory of pins. Every step in it is affected by the most elegant and precise machinery; while, as each operation is performed by one hand, so each shoe passes through twenty-five hands, who complete from the hide, as supplied by the currier, a hundred pairs of strong and well-finished shoes per day. All the details are performed by the ingenious application of the mechanic powers; and all the parts are characterised by precision, uniformity, and accuracy. As each man performs but one step in the process, which implies no knowledge of what is done by those who go before or follow him, so the persons employed are not shoemakers, but wounded soldiers, who are able to learn their respective duties in a few hours. The contract at which these shoes are delivered to Government is 6s. 6d. per pair, being at least 2s. less than what was paid previously for an unequal and cobbled article. [36] (#cite_note-36) However, when the war ended in 1815, manual labour (/wiki/Manual_labour) became much cheaper, and the demand for military equipment subsided. As a consequence, Brunel's system was no longer profitable and it soon ceased business. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) Americas Similar exigencies at the time of the Crimean War (/wiki/Crimean_War) stimulated a renewed interest in methods of mechanization and mass-production, which proved longer lasting. [35] (#cite_note-Napol-35) A shoemaker in Leicester (/wiki/Leicester) , Tomas Crick, patented the design for a riveting machine in 1853. His machine used an iron plate to push iron rivets into the sole. The process greatly increased the speed and efficiency of production. He also introduced the use of steam-powered (/wiki/Steam-power) rolling-machines (/w/index.php?title=Rolling-machine&action=edit&redlink=1) for hardening leather and cutting-machines, in the mid-1850s. [37] (#cite_note-37) Advertisement in an 1896 issue of McClure's (/wiki/McClure%27s) for "The Regal". Attila, a former shoe factory from the 1910s in Tampere (/wiki/Tampere) , Finland (/wiki/Finland) The sewing machine was introduced in 1846, and provided an alternative method for the mechanization of shoemaking. By the late 1850s, the industry was beginning to shift towards the modern factory, mainly in the US and areas of England. A shoe-stitching machine was invented by the American Lyman Blake in 1856 and perfected by 1864. Entering into a partnership with McKay, his device became known as the McKay stitching machine and was quickly adopted by manufacturers throughout New England (/wiki/New_England) . [38] (#cite_note-38) As bottlenecks opened up in the production line due to these innovations, more and more of the manufacturing stages, such as pegging and finishing, became automated. By the 1890s, the process of mechanisation was largely complete. On January 24, 1899, Humphrey O'Sullivan of Lowell, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts) , was awarded a patent (/wiki/Patent) for a rubber heel for boots and shoes. [39] (#cite_note-39) Globalization A process for manufacturing stitchless, that is, glued, shoes— AGO (/wiki/AGO_system) —was developed in 1910. Since the mid-20th century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on. Many of these newer materials, such as rubber and plastics, have made shoes less biodegradable. It is estimated that most mass-produced shoes require 1000 years to degrade in a landfill (/wiki/Landfill) . [40] (#cite_note-Clark_Brian-40) In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials (/wiki/Cradle_to_Cradle_Design) , such as the Nike Considered. [41] (#cite_note-nike_considered-41) [42] (#cite_note-CSR-42) In 2007, the global shoe industry had an overall market of $ (/wiki/United_States_Dollar) 107.4 billion, in terms of revenue (/wiki/Revenue) , and is expected to grow to $122.9 billion by the end of 2012. Shoe manufacturers in the People's Republic of China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) account for 63% of production, 40.5% of global exports and 55% of industry revenue. However, many manufacturers in Europe (/wiki/Europe) dominate the higher-priced, higher value-added end of the market. [43] (#cite_note-PRWeb_ibisworld-43) Culture and folklore See also: Tradition of removing shoes in home (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_home) Haines Shoe House in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) Sports shoes in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) Children's shoes at school in Ladakh (/wiki/Ladakh) As an integral part of human culture and civilization, shoes have found their way into our culture, folklore, and art. A popular 18th-century nursery rhyme (/wiki/Nursery_rhyme) is There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe (/wiki/There_was_an_Old_Woman_Who_Lived_in_a_Shoe) . This story tells about an old woman living in a shoe with a lot of children. In 1948, Mahlon Haines (/wiki/Mahlon_Haines) , a shoe salesman in Hallam, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Hallam,_Pennsylvania) , built an actual house shaped like a work boot (/wiki/Boot) as a form of advertisement. The Haines Shoe House (/wiki/Haines_Shoe_House) was rented to newlyweds and the elderly until his death in 1962. Since then, it has served as an ice cream (/wiki/Ice_cream) parlor, a bed and breakfast (/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast) , and a museum (/wiki/Museum) . It still stands today and is a popular roadside attraction. [44] (#cite_note-Lake_Matt-44) Shoes also play an important role in the fairy tales (/wiki/Fairy_tales) Cinderella (/wiki/Cinderella) and The Red Shoes (/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_(fairy_tale)) . In the movie (/wiki/Motion_picture) adaption of the children's book (/wiki/Children%27s_literature) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz) , a pair of red ruby slippers play a key role in the plot. The 1985 comedy The Man with One Red Shoe (/wiki/The_Man_with_One_Red_Shoe) features an eccentric man wearing one normal business shoe and one red shoe that becomes central to the plot. One poem, written by Phebus Etienne with the title "Shoes", focuses on them. It describes religious messages and is 3 stanzas long. The first stanza is one line, whereas the second is 13 lines and the third being 14 lines. Throughout the poem the main character talks about their dead mother and their routine with her grave. Haitians are said to "not put shoes on the dead." as it makes spirits easier to "step over the offerings". [45] (#cite_note-45) Athletic sneaker collection has also existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades. [46] (#cite_note-Skidmore_Sarah-46) Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the Czech Republic (/wiki/Czech_Republic) . [47] (#cite_note-Czech-47) A Sneakerhead (/wiki/Sneakerhead) is a person who owns multiple pairs of shoes as a form of collection and fashion. A contributor to the growth of sneaker collecting is the continued global popularity of the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) line of sneakers designed by Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) for Basketball (/wiki/Basketball) star Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . In the Bible (/wiki/Bible) 's Old Testament (/wiki/Old_Testament) , the shoe is used to symbolize something that is worthless or of little value. In the New Testament (/wiki/New_Testament) , the act of removing one's shoes symbolizes servitude. Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples (/wiki/Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples) regarded the act of removing their shoes as a mark of reverence when approaching a sacred person or place. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In the Book of Exodus (/wiki/Book_of_Exodus) , Moses (/wiki/Moses) was instructed to remove his shoes before approaching the burning bush: Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest [is] holy ground. [49] (#cite_note-49) Salt Crystal Shoes, art installation at the Dead Sea (/wiki/Dead_Sea) by Israeli (/wiki/Israel) artist Sigalit Landau (/wiki/Sigalit_Landau) The removal of the shoe also symbolizes the act of giving up a legal right. In Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) custom, if a man chose not to marry his childless brother's widow (/wiki/Levirate_marriage) , the widow removed her brother-in-law's shoe to symbolize that he had abandoned his duty. In Arab (/wiki/Arab_people) custom, the removal of one's shoe also symbolized the dissolution of marriage. [48] (#cite_note-Farbridge_Maurice-48) In Arab culture (/wiki/Arab_culture) , showing the sole of one's shoe is considered an insult, and to throw a shoe (/wiki/Shoe_tossing#Insult) and hit someone with it is considered an even greater insult. Shoes are considered to be dirty as they frequently touch the ground, and are associated with the lowest part of the body—the foot (/wiki/Foot) . As such, shoes are forbidden in mosques (/wiki/Mosque) , and it is also considered unmannerly to cross the legs and display the soles of one's shoes during conversation. This insult was demonstrated in Iraq, first when Saddam Hussein (/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) 's statue was toppled in 2003, Iraqis gathered around it and struck the statue with their shoes. [50] (#cite_note-Gammell_Caroline-50) In 2008, United States President George W. Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) had a shoe thrown at him (/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoeing_incident) by a journalist as a statement against the war in Iraq. [51] (#cite_note-Asser_Martin-51) More generally, shoe-throwing (/wiki/Shoe-throwing) or shoeing, showing the sole of one's shoe or using shoes to insult (/wiki/Insult) are forms of protest in many parts of the world. Incidents where shoes were thrown at political figures have taken place in Australia, India, Ireland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and most notably the Arab world (/wiki/Arab_world) . [52] (#cite_note-Tel-52) [53] (#cite_note-BBC-53) Empty shoes may also symbolize death. In Greek (/wiki/Greece) culture, empty shoes are the equivalent of the American funeral wreath. For example, empty shoes placed outside of a Greek home would tell others that the family's son has died in battle. [54] (#cite_note-Reeve_Andru-54) At an observation memorializing the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks (/wiki/September_11_attacks) , 3,000 pairs of empty shoes were used to recognize those killed. [55] (#cite_note-Cohen_Sam-55) The Shoes on the Danube Bank (/wiki/Shoes_on_the_Danube_Bank) is a memorial in Budapest (/wiki/Budapest) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) . Conceived by film director Can Togay (/wiki/Can_Togay) , he created it on the east bank of the Danube River (/wiki/Danube_River) with sculptor Gyula Pauer (/w/index.php?title=Gyula_Pauer&action=edit&redlink=1) to honor the Jews who were killed by fascist Arrow Cross (/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party) militiamen in Budapest during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . They were ordered to take off their shoes and were shot at the edge of the water so that their bodies fell into the river and were carried away. The memorial represents their shoes left behind on the bank. Construction "Insole" redirects here. For other uses, see Insole (disambiguation) (/wiki/Insole_(disambiguation)) . "Shoe sole" redirects here. For the French pastry called shoe-soles, see palmier (/wiki/Palmier) . See also: Shoe insert (/wiki/Shoe_insert) The basic anatomy of a shoe is recognizable, regardless of the specific style of footwear. All shoes have a sole , which is the bottom of a shoe, in contact with the ground. Soles can be made from a variety of materials, although most modern shoes have soles made from natural rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) , polyurethane (/wiki/Polyurethane) , or polyvinyl chloride (/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride) (PVC) compounds. [56] (#cite_note-Karak_Niranjan-56) Soles can be simple—a single material in a single layer—or they can be complex, with multiple structures or layers and materials. When various layers are used, soles may consist of an insole, midsole, and an outsole. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot under the footbed (also known as sock liner). The purpose of the insole is to attach to the lasting margin of the upper, which is wrapped around the last (/wiki/Last) during the closing of the shoe during the lasting operation. Insoles are usually made of cellulosic paper board or synthetic non woven insole board. Many shoes have removable and replaceable footbeds. Extra cushioning is often added for comfort (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe) or health reasons (to help deal with differences in the natural shape of the foot or positioning of the foot during standing or walking). [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece or may be an assembly of separate pieces, often of different materials. On some shoes, the heel of the sole has a rubber plate for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic or so-called cleated shoes like soccer, rugby, baseball and golf shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to improve traction. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The midsole is the layer in between the outsole and the insole, typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have additional material for shock absorption (/wiki/Shock_absorption) , usually beneath the heel of the foot, where one puts the most pressure down. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) The heel (/wiki/Heel_(shoe)) is the bottom rear part of a shoe. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for more practical and comfortable use. [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) On some shoes the inner forward point of the heel is chiselled off, a feature known as a "gentleman's corner". This piece of design is intended to alleviate the problem of the points catching the bottom of trousers and was first observed in the 1930s. [58] (#cite_note-58) A heel is the projection at the back of a shoe which rests below the heel bone (/wiki/Calcaneus) . The shoe heel is used to improve the balance of the shoe, increase the height of the wearer, alter posture or other decorative purposes. Sometimes raised, the high heel (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) is common to a form of shoe often worn by women, but sometimes by men too. See also stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) . The upper helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip-flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, trainers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The upper is connected to the sole by a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that is stitched between it and the sole, known as a welt (/wiki/Welt_(shoe)) . [57] (#cite_note-Vonhof_John-57) Most uppers have a mechanism, such as laces, straps with buckles, zippers, elastic, velcro straps, buttons, or snaps, for tightening the upper on the foot. Uppers with laces usually have a tongue that helps seal the laced opening and protect the foot from abrasion by the laces. Uppers with laces also have eyelets or hooks to make it easier to tighten and loosen the laces and to prevent the lace from tearing through the upper material. An aglet (/wiki/Aglet) is the protective wrapping on the end of the lace. The vamp is the front part of the shoe, starting behind the toe, extending around the eyelets and tongue and towards back part of the shoe. The medial is the part of the shoe closest to a person's center of symmetry, and the lateral is on the opposite side, away from their center of symmetry. This can be in reference to either the outsole or the vamp. Most shoes have shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) on the upper, connecting the medial and lateral parts after one puts their shoes on and aiding in keeping their shoes on their feet. In 1968, Puma SE (/wiki/Puma_SE) introduced the first pair of sneakers with Velcro (/wiki/Velcro) straps in lieu of shoelaces, and these became popular by the 1980s, especially among children and the elderly. [59] (#cite_note-Suddath_Claire-59) [60] (#cite_note-Frank_Robert-60) The toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) is the part that covers and protects the toes. People with toe deformities, or individuals who experience toe swelling (such as long-distance runners (/wiki/Long-distance_running) ) usually require a larger toe box. [61] (#cite_note-61) Diagram of a typical dress shoe. The area labeled as the "Lace guard" is sometimes considered part of the quarter and sometimes part of the vamp. Duration: 3 minutes and 10 seconds. 3:10 Subtitles available. CC A shoemaker making turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoes) at the Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum (/wiki/Roscheider_Hof_Open_Air_Museum) . English subtitles. Cutaway view of a typical shoe. Types This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoe&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Most types of shoes are designed for specific activities. For example, boots (/wiki/Boot) are typically designed for work or heavy outdoor use. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) are designed for particular sports such as running, walking, or other sports. Some shoes are designed to be worn at more formal (/wiki/Dress_shoe) occasions, and others are designed for casual wear. There are also a vast variety of shoes designed for different types of dancing. Orthopedic shoes are special types of footwear designed for individuals with particular foot problems or special needs. Clinicians evaluate patient's footwear as a part of their clinical examination. However, it is often based on each individual's needs, with attention to the choice of footwear worn and if the shoe is adequate for the purpose of completing their activities of daily living. [62] (#cite_note-62) Other animals, such as dogs (/wiki/Dog) and horses (/wiki/Horse) , may also wear special shoes to protect their feet as well. Depending on the activity for which they are designed, some types of footwear may fit into multiple categories. For example, Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boots) are considered boots, but may also be worn in more formal occasions and used as dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boots) incorporate many of the protective features of boots, but also provide the extra flexibility and comfort of many athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) . Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) are considered casual footwear, but have also been worn in formal occasions, such as visits to the White House (/wiki/White_House) . [63] (#cite_note-Ward_Julie-63) [64] (#cite_note-Lister_Richard-64) Athletic Main article: Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) A pair of athletic running shoes Bowling centers maintain bowling shoes for rental to patrons, to prevent damage to lane approaches. Athletic shoes (/wiki/Athletic_shoes) are designed for various sports activities, focusing on maximizing friction (/wiki/Friction) between the foot and the ground. These shoes often utilize materials like rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) to achieve this purpose. [65] (#cite_note-McGinnis_Peter-65) The earliest athletic shoes, dating to the mid-19th century, were track spikes (/wiki/Track_spikes) with metal cleats (/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)) for increased traction. Over time, athletic shoe design evolved, with companies like Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) and Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) contributing to the development of modern athletic shoes. Notable innovations include rubber-soled athletic shoes and the introduction of specialized shoes for different sports, such as basketball (/wiki/Basketball) and golf (/wiki/Golf) . More recently, minimalist shoes have gained popularity as barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Their purpose is to allow one's feet and legs to feel more subtly the impacts and forces involved in running, allowing finer adjustments in running style. [66] (#cite_note-Dan_Winters-66) [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) [67] (#cite_note-Farrally_Cochran-67) The earliest rubber-soled athletic shoes date back to 1876 in the United Kingdom, when the New Liverpool Rubber Company made plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsolls) , or sandshoes, designed for the sport of croquet (/wiki/Croquet) . Similar rubber-soled shoes were made in 1892 in the United States by Humphrey O'Sullivan, based on Charles Goodyear (/wiki/Charles_Goodyear) 's technology. The United States Rubber Company (/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company) was founded the same year and produced rubber-soled and heeled shoes under a variety of brand names, which were later consolidated in 1916 under the name, Keds (/wiki/Keds_(shoes)) . These shoes became known as, "sneakers", because the rubber sole allowed the wearer to sneak up on another person. In 1964, the founding of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) by Phil Knight (/wiki/Phil_Knight) and Bill Bowerman (/wiki/Bill_Bowerman) of the University of Oregon (/wiki/University_of_Oregon) introduced many new improvements common in modern running shoes, such as rubber waffle soles, breathable nylon (/wiki/Nylon) uppers, and cushioning in the mid-sole and heel. During the 1970s, the expertise of podiatrists (/wiki/Podiatrist) also became important in athletic shoe design, to implement new design features based on how feet reacted to specific actions, such as running, jumping, or side-to-side movement for men and women. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) A pair of Converse All-Stars Shoes specific to the sport of basketball (/wiki/Basketball) were developed by Chuck Taylor (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_(salesman)) , and are popularly known as Chuck Taylor All-Stars (/wiki/Chuck_Taylor_All-Stars) . In 1969, Taylor was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame) in recognition of this development, and in the 1970s, other shoe manufacturers, such as Nike, Adidas, Reebok, and others began imitating this style of athletic shoe. [68] (#cite_note-Peterson_Hal-68) In April 1985, Nike introduced its own brand of basketball shoe which would become popular in its own right, the Air Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) , named after the then-rookie Chicago Bulls (/wiki/Chicago_Bulls) basketball player, Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . The Air Jordan line of shoes sold $100 million in their first year. [69] (#cite_note-Papson_Goldman-69) As barefoot running (/wiki/Barefoot_running) became popular by the late 20th and early 21st century, many modern shoe manufacturers have recently designed footwear that mimic this experience, maintaining optimum flexibility and natural walking while also providing some degree of protection. Some of these shoes include the Vibram FiveFingers (/wiki/Vibram_FiveFingers) , [70] (#cite_note-TrailSpace-70) Nike Free (/wiki/Nike_Free) , [71] (#cite_note-Cortese_Amy-71) and Saucony (/wiki/Saucony) 's Kinvara and Hattori. [72] (#cite_note-Saucony-72) [73] (#cite_note-Jhung_Lisa-73) Mexican huaraches (/wiki/Huarache_(running_shoe)) are also very simple running shoes, similar to the shoes worn by the Tarahumara (/wiki/Tarahumara) people of northern Mexico, who are known for their distance running abilities. [74] (#cite_note-McDougall_Christopher-74) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoes) are also very light and flexible shoes that are designed to mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Many athletic shoes are designed with specific features for specific activities. One of these includes roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) , which have metal or plastic wheels on the bottom specific for the sport of roller skating. Similarly, ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skates) have a metal blade attached to the bottom for locomotion across ice (/wiki/Ice) . Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoes) have also been designed to provide a comfortable, flexible and durable shoe for the sport of skateboarding (/wiki/Skateboarding) . [75] (#cite_note-Welinder_Whitley-75) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) are rubber-soled, tight-fitting shoes designed to fit in the small cracks and crevices for rock climbing (/wiki/Rock_climbing) . Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) are similarly designed with rubber soles and a tight fit, but also are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals (/wiki/Bicycle_pedal#Clipless_pedals) , as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. [76] (#cite_note-IPMBA-76) Some shoes are made specifically to improve a person's ability to weight train (/wiki/Weight_training) . [77] (#cite_note-77) Sneakers that are a mix between an activity-centered and a more standard design have also been produced: examples include roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) , which feature wheels that can be used to roll on hard ground, and Soap shoes (/wiki/Soap_(shoes)) , which feature a hard plastic sole that can be used for grinding (/wiki/Grind_(sport)) . Boot Main article: Boot (/wiki/Boot) A pair of steel-toed (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) safety boots Boots (/wiki/Boot) are a specialized type of footwear that covers the foot and extends up the leg. They serve both functional and fashion purposes, offering protection from elements like water, snow, and mud while also being a fashion statement. Cowboy boots, for instance, are known for their distinctive style and are popular among cowboys in the western United States (/wiki/Western_United_States) . Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) , on the other hand, are designed for comfort and support during long walks in rough terrains. Snow boots (/wiki/Snow_boot) are ideal for wet or snowy weather, providing warmth and protection against the elements. Additionally, boots are used in specialized activities like skiing, ice skating, and climbing due to their unique features tailored to these activities. [78] (#cite_note-DeWeese_Daniel-78) [79] (#cite_note-Chand_Elise-79) [80] (#cite_note-Howe_Steve-80) [81] (#cite_note-Stimpert_Desiree-81) Boots may also be attached to snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) to increase the distribution of weight over a larger surface area (/wiki/Surface_area) for walking in snow (/wiki/Snow) . Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boots) are a specialized snow boot which are used in alpine (/wiki/Alpine_skiing) or cross-country skiing (/wiki/Cross-country_skiing) and designed to provide a way to attach the skier to his/her skis (/wiki/Ski) using ski bindings (/wiki/Ski_binding) . The ski/boot/binding combination is used to effectively transmit control inputs from the skier's legs to the snow. Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) are another specialized boot with a metal blade attached to the bottom which is used to propel the wearer across a sheet of ice (/wiki/Ice) . [82] (#cite_note-Bellis_Mary_Ice-82) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) are similar to ice skates but with a set of three to four wheels in lieu of the blade, which are designed to mimic ice skating on solid surfaces such as wood or concrete. [83] (#cite_note-Olsen_Scott&Brennan-83) Boots are designed to withstand heavy wear to protect the wearer and provide good traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. They may be used for uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) of the police (/wiki/Police) or military (/wiki/Military) , as well as for protection in industrial settings such as mining (/wiki/Mining) and construction (/wiki/Construction) . Protective features may include steel-tipped toes (/wiki/Steel-toe_boots) and soles or ankle (/wiki/Ankle) guards. [84] (#cite_note-Construction_Materials-84) Dress and casual Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) are characterized by their smooth leather uppers, leather soles, and sleek design, suitable for formal occasions. In contrast, casual shoes have sturdier leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and a wider profile for everyday wear. Some dress shoe designs are unisex, while others are specific to men or women. Men's This male dress shoe, known as a derby shoe (/wiki/Derby_shoe) , is distinguished by its open lacing. Men's dress shoes include styles like Oxfords, Derbies, Monk-straps, and Slip-ons, each with its unique characteristics in terms of lacing, decoration, and formality. Women's High heel sandals Women's shoes cover a wide range of styles, including high heels, mules, slingbacks, ballet flats, and court shoes, with high-heeled footwear being a popular choice for formal occasions. Unisex Clog (/wiki/Clog_(shoe)) Platform shoe (/wiki/Platform_shoe) : shoe with very thick soles and heels Sandals (/wiki/Sandal_(footwear)) : open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) : leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Slip-on shoe (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) : a dress or casual shoe without shoelaces or fasteners; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) , also known as "deck shoes": similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces are usually simple leather with no frills. Typically made of leather and featuring a soft white sole to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. The first boat shoe was invented in 1935 by Paul A. Sperry (/wiki/Paul_A._Sperry) . Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) : For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) . Dance Dancers use a variety of footwear depending on the style of dance and the surface they will be dancing on. Pointe shoes, for instance, are designed for ballet dancing, featuring a stiffened toe box and hardened sole to allow dancers to stand on the tips of their toes. Ballet shoes, on the other hand, are soft, pliable shoes made of canvas or leather, providing flexibility and comfort for ballet dancing. Other dance shoe types include jazz shoes, tango, and flamenco shoes, ballroom shoes, tap shoes, character shoes, and foot thongs, each designed to meet the specific needs of different dance styles. Pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoes) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoes) Jazz shoes (/wiki/Jazz_shoe) . This style is frequently worn by acro dancers (/wiki/Acro_dance) A foot thong , viewed from the bottom Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Ladies' ballroom shoes Men's ballroom shoes Tap shoes (/wiki/Tap_shoe) Kierpce (/w/index.php?title=Kierpce&action=edit&redlink=1) Children's shoe from the early 80s. Orthopedic See also: Diabetic shoe (/wiki/Diabetic_shoe) Orthopedic heavy duty black leather school uniform shoes Orthopedic shoes are specially designed to alleviate discomfort associated with various foot and ankle disorders, such as blisters (/wiki/Blister) , bunions, calluses, and plantar fasciitis. They are also used by individuals with diabetes, unequal leg length (/wiki/Unequal_leg_length) , or children with mobility issues. [85] (#cite_note-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) [87] (#cite_note-87) These shoes typically feature a low heel, wide toe box, and firm heel for added support. Some orthopedic shoes come with removable insoles or orthotics to provide extra arch support. [16] (#cite_note-DeMello_Margo-16) Measures and sizes Main article: Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) World's largest pair of shoes (/wiki/Giant_shoes_of_Marikina) , Riverbank Center (/wiki/Riverbanks_Center) , Philippines—5.29 metres (17.4 ft) long and 2.37 metres (7 ft 9 in) wide, equivalent to a French shoe size of 75. Shoe sizes are indicated by a numerical value representing the length of the shoe, with different systems used globally. European sizes are measured in Paris Points, while the UK and American units are based on whole-number sizes spaced at one barleycorn (1/3 inch) with UK adult sizes starting at size 1 = 8 + 2 ⁄ 3 in (22.0 cm). In the US, this is size 2. Men's and women's shoe sizes often use different scales [ citation needed ] , and some systems are measured using a Brannock Device (/wiki/Brannock_Device) which considers the width and length size values of the feet. The Mondopoint system, introduced in the 1970s by International Standard ISO 2816:1973 "Fundamental characteristics of a system of shoe sizing to be known as Mondopoint" and ISO 3355:1975 "Shoe sizes – System of length grading (for use in the Mondopoint system)" includes measurements of both length and width of the foot. [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-89) Toddler-sized shoe. Accessories Various accessories are used to enhance the functionality and comfort of shoes. Crampons provide traction on icy terrain, foam taps adjust shoe fit, heel grips prevent slipping, and ice cleats enhance stability on slippery surfaces. Overshoes protect shoes from rain and snow, while shoe bags are used for storage. Shoe brushes and polishing cloths maintain shoe appearance, while shoe inserts offer additional comfort. Removal of shoes "Plzz REMOVE YOUR SHOES" sign at entrance to stupa (/wiki/Stupa) . Nubra (/wiki/Nubra) , India Main article: Tradition of removing shoes in the home and houses of worship (/wiki/Tradition_of_removing_shoes_in_the_home_and_houses_of_worship) In many places in the world, shoes are removed when moving from exteriors to interiors, particularly in homes [90] (#cite_note-Kurzius_2023_p020-90) [91] (#cite_note-Nast_Spier_2020_y674-91) and religious buildings. [92] (#cite_note-Sood_2011_e867-92) In many Asian countries, outdoor shoes are exchanged for indoor shoes or slippers (/wiki/Slipper) . [93] (#cite_note-LaMotte_2023_u513-93) Fitness center (/wiki/Fitness_center) etiquette encourages the exchange of outdoor shoes for indoor shoes, both to prevent dirt and grime from being transferred to the equipment and to ensure that participants are wearing the right shoes for their activities. [94] (#cite_note-C.P.T_2023_s056-94) See also Foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) List of shoe companies (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) Locomotor effects of shoes (/wiki/Locomotor_effects_of_shoes) Runner's toe (/wiki/Runner%27s_toe) , injury from malfitting shoes Shoe dryer (/wiki/Shoe_dryer) Shoe rack (/wiki/Shoe_rack) Shoe tossing (/wiki/Shoe_tossing) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Shoe fetish (/wiki/Shoe_fetish) References ^ Jump up to: a b c Hoskins, Tansy E. (2020-03-21). 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Architectural Digest . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sood_2011_e867_92-0) Sood, Suemedha (June 17, 2011). "Religious tourism etiquette" (https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20110616-travelwise-religious-tourism-etiquette) . BBC Home . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-LaMotte_2023_u513_93-0) LaMotte, Sandee (December 7, 2023). "The dirty truth about taking your shoes off at the door" (https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/07/health/remove-shoes-germs-wellness/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-C.P.T_2023_s056_94-0) C.P.T, Lee Boyce (2023-11-06). "Gym Etiquette Code of Conduct: 12 Rules for Every Lifter" (https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/gentlemans-guide-gym-etiquette#wear-indoor-shoes) . Men's Journal . Retrieved February 14, 2024 . Bibliography Bergstein, Rachelle (2012). Women from the Ankle Down: The Story of Shoes and How They Define Us (Hardback). New York: Harper Collins. pp. 284 pages (https://archive.org/details/womenfromankledo00berg/page/284) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-196961-4 . Doe, Tamasin (1998), Patrick Cox: Wit, Irony, and Footwear , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8230-1148-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-1148-8) . Pattison, Angela, A Century of Shoes: Icons of Style in the 20th Century , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7858-0835-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-0835-3) . Swann, June. History of Footwear in Norway, Sweden and Finland: Prehistory to 1950 , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 91-7402-323-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7402-323-3) . Further reading Design Museum. Fifty Shoes That Changed the World (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30656443-fifty-shoes-that-changed-the-world) . London: Conran Octopus, 2009. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84091-539-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84091-539-6) . External links Shoes at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Shoe) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Shoes) from Wikiquote Texts (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikisource Textbooks (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikibooks Resources (https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shoes) from Wikiversity Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) 's online exhibits on the history and variety of footwear: "All About Shoes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221005164952/http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) . Archived from the original (http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/en/) on 2022-10-05. "Footwear History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060813085112/http://www.footwearhistory.com/) . Archived from the original (http://www.footwearhistory.com/) on 2006-08-13. "International Shoe Size Conversion Charts" (http://www.i18nguy.com/l10n/shoes.html) . , from i18nguy's website, offers more information. "Shoe Care" (https://archive.today/20121218002956/http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.schuh-lexikon.de/en/shoe-care.html) on 2012-12-18. Illustrated "Glossary of Shoe Terms" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220319083936/https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) . Archived from the original (https://www.candefashions.com/about/glossary-of-shoe-terms/) on 2022-03-19. Map: "Medieval shoes in museums" (https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1M-CQxxbfVfh7GtlSsNhZa5MTteiI2Dbb&ll=38.964142178237196%2C2.784477716013839&z=2) . v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes (/wiki/Saddle_shoe) Slingbacks (/wiki/Slingback) Other shoes Driving moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Galoshes (/wiki/Galoshes) Platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Self-tying shoes (/wiki/Self-tying_shoes) Slides (/wiki/Slide_(footwear)) Slippers (/wiki/Slipper) ( Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) ) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Veldskoens (/wiki/Veldskoen) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Wooden footwear (/wiki/Clog) Bakya (/wiki/Bakya) British clogs (/wiki/Clog_(British)) Cantabrian albarcas (/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Klompen (/wiki/Klomp) Namaksin (/wiki/Namaksin) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Padukas (/wiki/Paduka) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Sabot (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Träskor (/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor) Boots Military Ammunition boots (/wiki/Ammunition_boot) Bunny boots (/wiki/Bunny_boots) Combat boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) Jackboots (/wiki/Jackboot) Jump boots (/wiki/Jump_boot) Jungle boots (/wiki/Jungle_boot) Tanker boots (/wiki/Tanker_boot) Trench boots (/wiki/Trench_boot) Munson Last (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last) Work Australian work boots (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) Cowboy boots (/wiki/Cowboy_boot) Engineer boots (/wiki/Engineer_boot) Hip boots (/wiki/Hip_boot) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Rigger boots (/wiki/Rigger_boot) Steel-toe boots (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) Waders (/wiki/Waders_(footwear)) Fashion boots (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) ( Beatle boots (/wiki/Beatle_boot) ) Chukka boots (/wiki/Chukka_boot) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Knee-high boots (/wiki/Knee-high_boot) Over-the-knee boots (/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot) Platform boots (/wiki/Platform_shoe) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Ugg boots (/wiki/Ugg_boots) Other Jodhpur boots (/wiki/Jodhpur_boot) Wellington boots (/wiki/Wellington_boot) Ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Sport-related footwear Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneaker) Ballet shoes (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) Boat shoes (/wiki/Boat_shoe) Climbing shoes (/wiki/Climbing_shoe) Cross country running shoes (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) Football boots (/wiki/Football_boot) Ghillies (/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)) Hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) Ice skates (/wiki/Ice_skate) Inline skates (/wiki/Inline_skates) Kung fu shoes (/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe) Minimalist shoes (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Motorcycle boots (/wiki/Motorcycle_boot) Mountaineering boots (/wiki/Mountaineering_boot) Plimsolls (/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)) Racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flat) Racing shoes (/wiki/Racing_shoes) Riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) Roller shoes (/wiki/Roller_shoe) Roller skates (/wiki/Roller_skates) Sabatons (/wiki/Sabaton) Safari boots (/wiki/Safari_boot) Skate shoes (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Ski boots (/wiki/Ski_boot) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneaker) Swimfins (/wiki/Swimfin) Water shoes (/wiki/Water_shoe) Wrestling shoes (/wiki/Wrestling_shoe) Folk footwear (/wiki/Folk_costume) Abacas (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarkas (/wiki/Abarka) Alpargatas (/wiki/Espadrille) Avarcas (/wiki/Avarca) Balghas (/wiki/Balgha) Bast shoes (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocie) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Espadrilles (/wiki/Espadrille) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hnyat-phanats (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jorabs (/wiki/Jorabs) Kamiks (/wiki/Kamik) Kolhapuri chappals (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Mojaris (/wiki/Mojari) Mukluks (/wiki/Mukluk) Nalins (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanci (/wiki/Opanak) Peshawari chappals (/wiki/Peshawari_chappal) Snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouchi) Takunya (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Upanah (/wiki/Upanah) Valenkis (/wiki/Valenki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Historical footwear Areni-1 shoes (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Cavalier boots (/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbill shoes (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Flowerpot shoes (/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe) Hessians (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoe) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Shoe construction Bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) Blake construction (/wiki/Blake_construction) Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) Toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) High heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Kitten heels (/wiki/Kitten_heel) Spool heels (/wiki/Spool_heel) Stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) Wedges (/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)) Hosiery Anklets (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) v t e Athletic shoe (/wiki/Sneakers) brands Companies and brands Footwear-only Alpina (/wiki/Alpina_%C5%BDiri) Feiyue (/wiki/Feiyue) Gola (/wiki/Gola_(manufacturer)) Karhu (/wiki/Karhu_(sports_brand)) Keds (/wiki/Keds) Pro-Keds (/wiki/Pro-Keds) Spira (/wiki/Spira_(footwear_company)) Vibram (/wiki/Vibram) Xero Shoes (/wiki/Xero_Shoes) 361 Degrees (/wiki/361_Degrees) Footwear and apparel Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) AFA (/wiki/AFA_Sports) Airwalk (/wiki/Airwalk) Allbirds (/wiki/Allbirds) Altra (/wiki/Altra_Running) AND1 (/wiki/AND1) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Athleta (/wiki/Athleta_(sports_manufacturer)) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) Avia (/wiki/Avia_(shoes)) Bata (/wiki/Bata_Corporation) British Knights (/wiki/British_Knights) Brooks (/wiki/Brooks_Sports) Capelli (/wiki/Capelli_Sport) Cariuma (/wiki/Cariuma) Carlton (/wiki/Carlton_Sports) Champion (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) Charly (/wiki/Charly_(brand)) Columbia (/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear) Converse (/wiki/Converse_(brand)) DC Shoes (/wiki/DC_Shoes) Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) Dunlop (/wiki/Dunlop_Sport) DVS (/wiki/DVS_Shoes) Ellesse (/wiki/Ellesse) Erke (/wiki/ERKE) Etnies (/wiki/Etnies) Everlast (/wiki/Everlast_(brand)) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Finta (/wiki/Finta) Frasers (/wiki/Frasers_Group) Gilbert (/wiki/Gilbert_Rugby) Givova (/wiki/Givova) Grays International (/wiki/Grays_International) Gray-Nicolls (/wiki/Gray-Nicolls) Head (/wiki/Head_(company)) Hoka One One (/wiki/Hoka_One_One) Hummel (/wiki/Hummel_International) Invicta (/wiki/Invicta_(company)) Jordan (/wiki/Air_Jordan) KangaRoos (/wiki/KangaRoos) Kappa (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Karrimor (/wiki/Karrimor) K-Swiss (/wiki/K-Swiss) LA Gear (/wiki/LA_Gear) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Lonsdale (/wiki/Lonsdale_(clothing)) Lotto (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) Macron (/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)) Merrell (/wiki/Merrell_(company)) Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation) Muddyfox (/wiki/Muddyfox) New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) North Face (/wiki/The_North_Face) On (/wiki/On_(company)) Olympikus (/wiki/Olympikus) Panam (/wiki/Panam_(brand)) Peak (/wiki/Peak_Sport_Products) Penalty (/wiki/Penalty_(sports_manufacturer)) Pirma (/wiki/Pirma) Pentland (/wiki/Pentland_Group) PF Flyers (/wiki/PF_Flyers) Pony (/wiki/Pony_International) Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Pro-Specs (/wiki/Pro-Specs) Onitsuka Tiger (/wiki/Onitsuka_Tiger) Quiksilver (/wiki/Quiksilver) Rainha (/wiki/Rainha) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Russell (/wiki/Russell_Athletic) Salomon (/wiki/Salomon_Group) Saucony (/wiki/Saucony) Skechers (/wiki/Skechers) Scott (/wiki/Scott_Sports) Slazenger (/wiki/Slazenger) Sole (/wiki/Sole_Technology) Spalding (/wiki/Spalding_(company)) Sperry (/wiki/Sperry_Top-Sider) Starter (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Supra (/wiki/Supra_(footwear_brand)) Topper (/wiki/Topper_(sports)) Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Vans (/wiki/Vans) Veja (/wiki/Veja_(brand)) VF (/wiki/VF_Corporation) Wilson (/wiki/Wilson_Sporting_Goods) Wolverine (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) World Balance (/wiki/World_Balance) XBlades (/wiki/XBlades) Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Yonex (/wiki/Yonex) Zoo York (/wiki/Zoo_York_(company)) Types Biodegradable (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) Cross country (/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe) Minimalist (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) Skate (/wiki/Skate_shoe) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) ascot (/wiki/Ascot_tie) bolo (/wiki/Bolo_tie) bow (/wiki/Bow_tie) kipper (/wiki/Kipper_tie) school (/wiki/School_tie) stock (/wiki/Stock_tie) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Tippet (/wiki/Tippet) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Blouse (/wiki/Blouse) cache-cœur (/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur) crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Cycling (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) Kurta (/wiki/Kurta) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) Shirt (/wiki/Shirt) dress (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Henley (/wiki/Henley_shirt) polo (/wiki/Polo_shirt) sleeveless (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) T (/wiki/T-shirt) Sweater (/wiki/Sweater) cardigan (/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)) guernsey (/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)) hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)) polo neck (/wiki/Polo_neck) shrug (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) sweater vest (/wiki/Sweater_vest) twinset (/wiki/Twinset) Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Bondage (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Capri (/wiki/Capri_pants) Cargo (/wiki/Cargo_pants) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Formal (/wiki/Formal_trousers) Go-to-hell (/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants) High water (/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)) Lowrise (/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jodhpurs (/wiki/Jodhpurs) Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) Palazzo (/wiki/Palazzo_pants) Parachute (/wiki/Parachute_pants) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Phat (/wiki/Phat_pants) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda_shorts) dycling (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) dolphin (/wiki/Dolphin_shorts) gym (/wiki/Gym_shorts) hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) running (/wiki/Running_shorts) Slim-fit (/wiki/Slim-fit_pants) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Windpants (/wiki/Windpants) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Suits (/wiki/Suit) and uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) court (/wiki/Court_dress) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Jodhpuri (/wiki/Jodhpuri) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) Military (/wiki/Military_uniform) full (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) mess (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) service (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) sailor (/wiki/Sailor_suit) combat (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) clerical (/wiki/Clerical_clothing) vestment (/wiki/Vestment) School (/wiki/School_uniform) Prison (/wiki/Prison_uniform) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) boilersuit (/wiki/Boilersuit) cleanroom (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) hazmat (/wiki/Hazmat_suit) space (/wiki/Space_suit) scrubs (/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) and gowns (/wiki/Gown) Formal, semi- formal, informal Backless (/wiki/Backless_dress) Bouffant gown (/wiki/Bouffant_gown) Coatdress (/wiki/Coatdress) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) little black (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Evening (/wiki/Evening_gown) ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Plain (/wiki/Plain_dress) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_dress) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Strapless (/wiki/Strapless_dress) Wedding (/wiki/Wedding_dress) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Casual House (/wiki/House_dress) Jumper (/wiki/Jumper_(dress)) Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) Sheath (/wiki/Sheath_dress) Shirtdress (/wiki/Shirtdress) Slip (/wiki/Slip_dress) Sundress (/wiki/Sundress) Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) Denim (/wiki/Denim_skirt) Men's (/wiki/Men%27s_skirts) Miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) Pencil (/wiki/Pencil_skirt) Prairie (/wiki/Prairie_skirt) Rah-rah (/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Skort (/wiki/Skort) Tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) Wrap (/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)) Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Top Bra (/wiki/Bra) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) Bottom Diaper (/wiki/Diaper) Training pants (/wiki/Training_pants) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Plastic pants (/wiki/Plastic_pants) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Thong (/wiki/Thong) Underpants (/wiki/Underpants) boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) briefs (/wiki/Briefs) Full Bodysuit, adult (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bodysuit, infant (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) See-through (/wiki/See-through_clothing) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Coats (/wiki/Coat) and outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Overcoats (/wiki/Overcoat) Car (/wiki/Car_coat) Chesterfield (/wiki/Chesterfield_coat) Covert (/wiki/Covert_coat) Duffel (/wiki/Duffel_coat) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) British Warm (/wiki/British_Warm) Guards Coat (/wiki/Guards_Coat) Greca (/wiki/Greca_(clothing)) Over-frock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Riding (/wiki/Riding_coat) shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Trench (/wiki/Trench_coat) Ulster (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) opera (/wiki/Opera_cloak) Paletot (/wiki/Paletot) Pea (/wiki/Pea_coat) Polo (/wiki/Polo_coat) Raincoat (/wiki/Raincoat) Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) Suit coats Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) rekel (/wiki/Rekel) Mess jacket (/wiki/Mess_jacket) Suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) Blazer (/wiki/Blazer) smoking (/wiki/Smoking_jacket) sports (/wiki/Sport_coat) Teba (/wiki/Teba_jacket) Tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) dress (/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat) morning (/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat) Other Apron (/wiki/Apron) pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) Blouson (/wiki/Blouson) Cagoule (/wiki/Cagoule) Cape (/wiki/Cape) ferraiolo (/wiki/Ferraiolo) Inverness (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Mantle (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) monastic (/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)) royal (/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)) mozzetta (/wiki/Mozzetta) pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) Coatee (/wiki/Coatee) Cut-off (/wiki/Cut-off) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) down (/wiki/Down_jacket) flight (/wiki/Flight_jacket) goggle (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) Harrington (/wiki/Harrington_jacket) leather (/wiki/Leather_jacket) mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Norfolk (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) safari (/wiki/Safari_jacket) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)) Lab coat (/wiki/White_coat) Parka (/wiki/Parka) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Robe (/wiki/Robe) bathrobe (/wiki/Bathrobe) dressing gown (/wiki/Dressing_gown) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Ski suit (/wiki/Ski_suit) Sleeved blanket (/wiki/Sleeved_blanket) Windbreaker (/wiki/Windbreaker) Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Burkini (/wiki/Burkini) Boardshorts (/wiki/Boardshorts) Dry suit (/wiki/Dry_suit) Monokini (/wiki/Monokini) One-piece (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) Rash guard (/wiki/Rash_guard) Sling (/wiki/Sling_swimsuit) Square leg suit (/wiki/Square_leg_suit) Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Swim diaper (/wiki/Swim_diaper) Trunks (/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)) Wetsuit (/wiki/Wetsuit) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Boot (/wiki/Boot) Court shoe (/wiki/Court_shoe) Dress boot (/wiki/Dress_boot) Dress shoe (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) Sandal (/wiki/Sandal) Shoe Slipper (/wiki/Slipper) Sneaker (/wiki/Sneaker) Legwear (/wiki/Hosiery) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Belt (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) white tie (/wiki/White_tie) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Related Clothing fetish (/wiki/Clothing_fetish) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Costume (/wiki/Costume) creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) Cross-dressing (/wiki/Cross-dressing) Environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) made-to-measure (/wiki/Made-to-measure) 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Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 2000s portal (/wiki/Portal:2000s) This category is for fashion (/wiki/Fashion) in the year 2000 (/wiki/2000) . 1962 1963 1964 1965 (/wiki/Category:1965_in_fashion) 1973 (/wiki/Category:1973_in_fashion) 2000 2001 (/wiki/Category:2001_in_fashion) 2002 (/wiki/Category:2002_in_fashion) 2003 (/wiki/Category:2003_in_fashion) 2004 (/wiki/Category:2004_in_fashion) 2005 (/wiki/Category:2005_in_fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐g4phm Cached time: 20240718100824 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.181 seconds Real time usage: 0.328 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 164/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5156/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 109/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 102/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.132/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1555949/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 310.785 1 Template:YYYY_in_fashion_category_header 100.00% 310.785 1 -total 75.41% 234.371 1 Template:Category_series_navigation 18.04% 56.055 1 Template:Portal 4.85% 15.058 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 3.86% 11.988 1 Template:FindYDCportal 3.17% 9.841 1 Template:Category_other 2.53% 7.858 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.97% 6.132 6 Template:Title_year 0.68% 2.115 1 Template:DECADE Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39096673-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718100824 and revision id 949561553. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "2000 in fashion" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 2000 in red carpet fashion (/wiki/2000_in_red_carpet_fashion) G Green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) I The Intern (2000 film) (/wiki/The_Intern_(2000_film)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2000_in_fashion&oldid=949561553 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2000_in_fashion&oldid=949561553) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2000 (/wiki/Category:2000) 2000s fashion (/wiki/Category:2000s_fashion) Fashion by year (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_year) Hidden categories: Category series navigation using skip-gaps parameter (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_using_skip-gaps_parameter) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Italian jewelry designer (1971–2020) Roberto Faraone Mennella (25 September 1971 – 4 June 2020) was an Italian fine jewelry designer (/wiki/Jewelry_designer) based in New York City. Personal life [ edit ] Mennella was born and raised on his family estate in Torre del Greco (/wiki/Torre_del_Greco) , a town just south of Naples (/wiki/Naples) . [1] (#cite_note-nyt-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) After graduating from high school, Faraone Mennella attended law school in Italy at the University of Naples Federico II (/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II) . Afterwards he moved to New York City to acquire a degree in Design Marketing at Parsons The New School for Design (/wiki/Parsons_The_New_School_for_Design) . [3] (#cite_note-Faraone_Mennella-3) Mennella was openly gay, and was in a relationship with Amedeo Scognamiglio, who was also his business partner. [1] (#cite_note-nyt-1) Mennella died from cancer in Torre del Greco on 4 June 2020 at age 48. [1] (#cite_note-nyt-1) Career [ edit ] In 2001, Mennella and Scognamiglio launched a fine jewelry line called Faraone Mennella by R.F.M.A.S. Group. [4] (#cite_note-4) After being prominently featured in the television show, Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) , a profile of Faraone Mennella was featured as the cover story of WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , which got the attention of retailers such as Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) and Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) . [5] (#cite_note-5) The stores began to carry the designer's line immediately thereafter. In 2004, the designer duo started a 5-year collaboration with Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) . [6] (#cite_note-6) They designed for the fashion house a collection of one-of-a-kind pieces inspired by Herrera's couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) gowns. Following the success of the collaboration, the next year the design duo launched the Faraone Mennella Couture Collection . In 2006, the designers launched AMEDEO, a collection of contemporary jewelry featuring modern cameos (/wiki/Cameo_(carving)) , dedicated to the Scognamiglio's family heritage of Italian cameo artistry . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2013, the Italian designer duo launched a fashion jewelry diffusion line (/wiki/Diffusion_line) designed and sold exclusively on Home Shopping Network (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) in the United States and on QVC (/wiki/QVC) internationally. [ citation needed ] The Faraone Mennella and Amedeo collections have been featured in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , W Magazine (/wiki/W_Magazine) , V Magazine (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , Town and Country (/wiki/Town_and_Country_Magazine) , Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) , and Departures (/wiki/Departures_(magazine)) , and have been carried by Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) , Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) , Net-a-Porter (/wiki/Net-a-Porter) , and Moda Operandi (/wiki/Moda_Operandi) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Their flagship boutique is located on the Upper East Side (/wiki/Upper_East_Side) of Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and their other locations are in London (/wiki/London) , Porto Cervo (/wiki/Porto_Cervo) , and Capri (/wiki/Capri) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Besides Sex and the City, pieces from Faraone Mennella and Amedeo have been featured in The Devil Wears Prada (/wiki/The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(film)) , Gossip Girl (/wiki/Gossip_Girl) , Will & Grace (/wiki/Will_%26_Grace) , Wall Street, and It's Complicated. Awards [ edit ] 2006 Rising Star Award by Fashion Group International [10] (#cite_note-10) 2007 TIME Magazine's 100 (/wiki/Time_100) Most Influential Designers in their Field [11] (#cite_note-11) 2017 the " Andrea Palladio (/wiki/Andrea_Palladio) Award" by the Vicenza Oro fair for "Best Italian Jewelry Designer" References [ edit ] ^ a b c Trebay, Guy (10 June 2020). "Roberto Faraone Mennella, Jewelry Innovator, Is Dead at 48" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/fashion/roberto-faraone-mennella-dead.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 10 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About Us" (http://www.faraonemennella.com/about-us/) . Faraone Mennella . Faraone Mennella . Retrieved 20 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Faraone_Mennella_3-0) "RE:D Notes Late Summer 2008" (http://www.newschool.edu/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=32618) . Parsons New School for Design . Retrieved 20 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tim, Teeman (Summer 2013). "Italian Dreams" (http://issuu.com/bakumagazine/docs/zinio_baku_08_2013) . Baku . No. 8. p. 22 – via Issuu. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Patricia Field: 'Sex And The City is a religion' (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10125383/Patricia-Field-Sex-And-The-City-is-a-religion.html) " (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10125383/Patricia-Field-Sex-And-The-City-is-a-religion.html) . Telegraph . Telegraph . Retrieved 2 June 2015 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The First Years" (http://www.faraonemennella.com/the-first-years/) . Faraone Mennella . Faraone Mennella . Retrieved 20 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Amedeo Sconamiglio" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150511215655/http://www.amedeonyc.com/infopage/the-designer/) . Amedeo NYC . Archived from the original (http://www.amedeonyc.com/infopage/the-designer/) on 11 May 2015 . Retrieved 20 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Meeting Faraone Mennella" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/accessories/news/2012/12/meeting-faraone-mennella) . Vogue . Vogue. 18 December 2012 . Retrieved 2 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Turra, Alessandra (3 June 2012). "Faraone Mennella Opens in Capri" (http://wwd.com/accessories-news/designer-luxury/faraone-mennella-opens-in-capri-5938760/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 2 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Fashion Group International" (http://www.fgi.org/) . Fashion Group International . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Kroll, Betsey (13 April 2007). "The Style & Design 100" (http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/style_design/article/0,28804,1609195_1609013_1608749,00.html) . Time Inc. TIME 100 . Retrieved 20 May 2015 . 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British model and artist Tali Lennox Born Tali Lennox Fruchtmann ( 1993-02-09 ) 9 February 1993 (age 31) Westminster (/wiki/Westminster) , London, England Parents Uri Fruchtmann (/wiki/Uri_Fruchtmann) (father) Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) (mother) Relatives Lola Lennox (/wiki/Lola_Lennox) (sister) Modelling information Height 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Hair colour Light brown Eye colour Green Agency The Lions (/wiki/The_Lions_(agency)) (New York, Los Angeles) Next Model Management (/wiki/Next_Model_Management) (Paris) Sight Management Studio (Barcelona) Modelwerk (Hamburg) [1] (#cite_note-1) Tali Lennox Fruchtmann [2] (#cite_note-cnn-missing-9aug2015-2) (born 9 February 1993 [3] (#cite_note-instagram-3) ) is a British Israeli model and artist, [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-nymag-5) formerly the brand promotional face for Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) and Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) and appeared in Deadman's Barstool (2018), The Street Kids Project and the first season of (/wiki/Britain%27s_Next_Top_Model_(series_1)) Britain's Next Top Model (/wiki/Britain%27s_Next_Top_Model) (2005). [6] (#cite_note-standard-6) As of 2014, she reduced her modelling focus and became a portrait painter (/wiki/Portrait_painter) . [7] (#cite_note-d-rec-quits-7) She is the daughter of Scottish singer Annie Lennox (/wiki/Annie_Lennox) and Israeli record producer Uri Fruchtmann (/wiki/Uri_Fruchtmann) , and sister of Lola Lennox (/wiki/Lola_Lennox) . [8] (#cite_note-Observer_2010-8) Career [ edit ] In spring 2011, she appeared in various fashion houses, including Acne Studios (/wiki/Acne_Studios) , Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) and Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) . In September 2012, she moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , where she took acting classes in the winter of 2013 with Susan Batson (/wiki/Susan_Batson) as her teacher. [5] (#cite_note-nymag-5) Personal life [ edit ] Lennox's longtime boyfriend was American artist and model Ian Jones. [9] (#cite_note-mirror-missing-9aug2015-9) On 8 August 2015, Lennox and Jones were kayaking (/wiki/Kayaking) on the Hudson River (/wiki/Hudson_River) in the US when their dual kayak (/wiki/Kayak) capsized. Lennox was rescued by strangers on a passing boat, but Jones could not be found. After a two-day search, [2] (#cite_note-cnn-missing-9aug2015-2) Jones' body was found. [10] (#cite_note-nyt-suspend-10) [11] (#cite_note-nyt-body-is-jones-11) His cause of death was found to be accidental and "consistent with drowning." [11] (#cite_note-nyt-body-is-jones-11) Jones's funeral was held on 17 August in his home state of Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) and attended by Tali, her mother Annie and her sister Lola. [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Tali Lennox - Model" (https://models.com/models/tali-lennox) . Retrieved 25 September 2017 . ^ a b Grinberg, Emanuella (9 August 2015). "Annie Lennox's daughter rescued after kayak capsizes; boyfriend still missing" (http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/09/entertainment/annie-lennox-tali-lennox-ian-jones-missing-feat/) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . Cable News Network . Retrieved 9 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-instagram_3-0) "Instagram post by @talilennox • Feb 9, 2017 at 5:58pm UTC" (https://www.instagram.com/p/BQTNGXuB07m/) . Instagram . Retrieved 25 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ellie Pithers (3 August 2010). "The world of Tali lennox, model and artist" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10219152/The-world-of-Tali-lennox-model-and-artist.html) . Fashion Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131023115832/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10219152/The-world-of-Tali-lennox-model-and-artist.html) from the original on 23 October 2013 . Retrieved 9 December 2014 . ^ a b Alexis Swerdloff (13 March 2013). "Tali Lennox, the (Almost) Accidental 'It' Girl" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/03/tali-lennox-the-almost-accidental-it-girl.html) . New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130316035232/http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/03/tali-lennox-the-almost-accidental-it-girl.html) from the original on 16 March 2013 . Retrieved 9 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-standard_6-0) Lucy Hunter-Johnson (14 January 2011). "My London - Tali Lennox" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/my-london--tali-lennox-6555932.html) . London Evening Standard (/wiki/London_Evening_Standard) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141212012952/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/my-london--tali-lennox-6555932.html) from the original on 12 December 2014 . Retrieved 9 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-d-rec-quits_7-0) Toby McDonald (7 September 2014). "Annie Lennox's daughter quits the catwalk to follow her dream of being an artist" (http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/annie-lennoxs-daughter-quits-catwalk-4178507) . Daily Record (/wiki/Daily_Record_(Scotland)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141212013116/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/annie-lennoxs-daughter-quits-catwalk-4178507) from the original on 12 December 2014 . Retrieved 9 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Observer_2010_8-0) Anthony, Andrew (10 October 2010). "Annie Lennox: 'I would have been perfect as a man' (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/oct/10/annie-lennox-eurythmics-christmas-cornucopia-universal-child) " (https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/oct/10/annie-lennox-eurythmics-christmas-cornucopia-universal-child) . The Observer . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023210318/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/oct/10/annie-lennox-eurythmics-christmas-cornucopia-universal-child) from the original on 23 October 2010 . Retrieved 9 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-mirror-missing-9aug2015_9-0) Pocklington, Rebecca (9 August 2015). "Who is Tali Lennox? Daughter of Annie revealed as she's rescued from kayaking accident, as boyfriend still missing" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/who-tali-lennox-daughter-annie-6224385) . Mirror Online (/wiki/Mirror_Online) . Retrieved 9 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt-suspend_10-0) "Officials Suspend Search for Ian Jones, Tali Lennox's Boyfriend, After a Body Is Found" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/10/fashion/tali-lennox-boyfriend-ian-jones-daughter-annie-lennox-hudson-river-accident.html?ref=nyregion) . New York Times . 10 August 2015 . Retrieved 11 August 2015 . ^ a b Schneier, Matthew (10 August 2015). "Body Found in Hudson Is That of Ian Jones, Tali Lennox's Boyfriend; Cause of Death Was Drowning, Autopsy Finds" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/10/fashion/tali-lennox-boyfriend-ian-jones-daughter-annie-lennox-hudson-river-accident.html) . New York Times . Retrieved 12 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Annie Lennox supports daughter Tali at funeral of boyfriend Ian Jones" (http://hellomagazine.com/celebrities/2015081726775/tali-lennox-ian-jones-funeral/) . 17 August 2015 . Retrieved 25 September 2017 . 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Korean traditional ceremonial hat This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Yanggwan##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yanggwan&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Find sources: "Yanggwan" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yanggwan%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yanggwan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Yanggwan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yanggwan%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yanggwan%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yanggwan%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2024 ) Yanggwan Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 양관 Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 梁冠 Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Yanggwan McCune–Reischauer (/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer) Yanggwan A yanggwan ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 양관 ) is a Korean ceremonial hat. It is considered a ritual crown. [1] (#cite_note-1) See also [ edit ] Culture of Korea (/wiki/Culture_of_Korea) List of Korean clothing (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Yanggwan ritual crown" (https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/museo-etnologico/collezione/corona-rituale-yanggwan.html) . Musei Vaticani (Vatican Museums) . 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yanggwan&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐vhjg4 Cached time: 20240712215512 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.410 seconds Real time usage: 0.565 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1371/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 83818/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1023/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23270/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.277/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19805600/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 471.900 1 -total 30.18% 142.429 1 Template:Infobox_Korean_name 27.71% 130.787 3 Template:Infobox 21.08% 99.484 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese/Korean 19.20% 90.611 3 Template:Lang 19.17% 90.469 5 Template:Navbox 17.86% 84.273 1 Template:Hats 17.03% 80.351 1 Template:Reflist 15.00% 70.785 1 Template:Short_description 14.88% 70.199 1 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33120380-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712215512 and revision id 1199647874. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yanggwan&oldid=1199647874 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yanggwan&oldid=1199647874) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Korean headgear (/wiki/Category:Korean_headgear) Hats (/wiki/Category:Hats) Korea stubs (/wiki/Category:Korea_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from January 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2024) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Use dmy dates from August 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2023) Articles containing Korean-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Flowering canopy New leaves with flower buds Ripe fruits Seeds Shorea robusta seed oil is an edible oil (/wiki/Edible_oil) extracted from the seeds of Shorea robusta (/wiki/Shorea_robusta) . Shorea robusta is known as the Sal tree in India (/wiki/India) . Sal is indigenous (/wiki/Indigenous_(ecology)) to India and occurs in two main regions separated by the Gangetic Plain (/wiki/Gangetic_Plain) , namely the northern and central Indian regions. [1] (#cite_note-1) The plant belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae (/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae) botanical family. [2] (#cite_note-2) Common name in Indian languages [ edit ] Common name: Sal Hindi (/wiki/Hindi_language) :( साल) Sal, Salwa, Sakhu, Sakher Marathi (/wiki/Marathi_language) : sal, guggilu, rala, sajara + Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_language) : Guggilamu Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_language) : attam, venkungiliyam, kungiliyam Malayalam (/wiki/Malayalam_language) : kaimaruthu, kungiliyam, maramaram Kannada (/wiki/Kannada_language) : ashvakarna, asina, asu, bile-bhogimara Bengali (/wiki/Bengali_language) : Sal Oriya (/wiki/Oriya_language) : sala Urdu (/wiki/Urdu_language) : Ral, Safed dammar Assamese (/wiki/Assamese_language) : Sal, Hal Sanskrit (/wiki/Sanskrit) : agnivallabha, ashvakarna, ashvakarnika [3] (#cite_note-flower-3) Tree [ edit ] Main article: Shorea robusta (/wiki/Shorea_robusta) S. robusta is a deciduous tree (/wiki/Deciduous_tree) that reaches up to 50 m (160 ft), with a trunk circumference up to 5 m (16 ft). Under normal conditions they reach 18–32 m (59–105 ft) with girths of 1.5–2 m (4 ft 11 in – 6 ft 7 in). The trunk is clean, straight and cylindrical, often bearing epicormic (/wiki/Epicormic) branches. The crown is spreading and spherical. The bark is dark brown and thick, with longitudinal fissures deep in poles, becoming shallow in mature trees, and provides effective fire protection. The tree develops a long taproot (/wiki/Taproot) at a young age. The tree grows at 100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft) altitude. The mean annual temperature required is between 22–27 °C (72–81 °F) and 34–47 °C (93–117 °F). The tree requires mean annual rainfall between 1,000–3,000 mm (39–118 in) and maximum of 6,600 mm (260 in). S. robusta flourishes best in deep, well-drained, moist, slightly acid, sandy to clayey soils. It does not tolerate waterlogging. The most favourable soil is a moist sandy loam (/wiki/Loam) with good subsoil (/wiki/Subsoil) drainage. Soil moisture is essential. [4] (#cite_note-4) Leaves are simple, shiny, about 10–25 cm (3.9–9.8 in) long and broadly oval at the base, with the apex tapering into a long point. New leaves are reddish, soon becoming delicate green. Flowers are yellowish-white, arranged in large terminal or axillary racemose panicles. Fruit at full size is about 1.3–1.5 cm (0.51–0.59 in) long and 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter; it is surrounded by segments of the calyx (/wiki/Calyx_(flower)) enlarged into 5 rather unequal wings about 5–7.5 cm (2.0–3.0 in) long. [5] (#cite_note-5) Fruit content is 66.4% kernel (/wiki/Seed) and pod, 33.6% is shell and calyx. The fruits generally ripen in May. The seed contains 14-15% fat. It has calyx and wings. The de-winged seeds contain a thin, brittle seed pod (/wiki/Seed_pod) . The kernel has 5 segments covering the embryo (/wiki/Embryo) . 2 kg (4.4 lb) of seeds give 1 kg (2.2 lb) of kernel. The seeds are 10.8% water, 8% protein, 62.7% carbohydrate, 14.8% oil, 1.4% fiber and 2.3% ash. [6] (#cite_note-6) Habitat [ edit ] This species ranges south of the Himalaya (/wiki/Himalaya) , from Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) in the east to Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) , India (/wiki/India) and Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The tree is widely distributed in tropical regions and covers about 13.3% of the forested area in the country. Sal ( Shorea robusta ) tree occurs either gregariously or mixed with other trees in Himalayan foot hills and central India. In the Himalayan foothill belt it extends up to Assam (/wiki/Assam) valley (including Mefghalaya and Tripura) in the east to foothills of north-west Bengal (/wiki/Bengal) , Uttar Pradesh (/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh) , Uttaranchal (/wiki/Uttaranchal) , Kangra (/wiki/Kangra_District) region of Himachala Pradesh (/wiki/Himachala_Pradesh) . The Gangetic Plain (/wiki/Gangetic_Plains) separate the Himalayan foothill from the central Indian belt. [8] (#cite_note-8) Seed collection-oil extraction [ edit ] Sal is a major means of survival for forest dwellers in the Central Indian states of Orissa (/wiki/Orissa,_India) , Chhattisgarh (/wiki/Chhattisgarh) and Madhya Pradesh (/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh) . These three states include the country's largest sal belt. Sal forest covers about 45% of their forested areas. Orissa has the largest sal forest, covering 38,300 km 2 (14,800 sq mi) followed by Madhya Pradesh with 27,800 km 2 (10,700 sq mi) and Chhattisgarh with 24,245 km 2 (9,361 sq mi). Across these three states some 20-30 million forest dwellers depend on collection of sal seeds, leaves and resins (/wiki/Resins) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The proper storage of seeds before processing is crucial. Excess moisture (>6-8%) damages oil quality via hydrolysis (/wiki/Hydrolysis) in the seed fat, with resulting high free fatty acid (/wiki/Free_fatty_acid) oil output. Sal fat is extracted via three methods. Traditionally fat is extracted by water rendering. The second, mechanical system is extraction by oil expeller (/wiki/Oil_expeller) and rotary mills. The third method is via solvent extraction (/wiki/Solvent_extraction) in which the seed is pressed as flakes first in a flaker mill and exposed to solvent extraction. [10] (#cite_note-10) Characteristics [ edit ] The extracted crude sal oil/fat is greenish-brown and has a characteristic odour. Due to the presence of more saturated fatty acids (/wiki/Saturated_fatty_acids) , it is solid at room temperature. Because of this, it is known as sal fat or sal butter. The oil is used as cooking oil (/wiki/Cooking_oil) after refining. The oil contains 35-45% stearic acid (/wiki/Stearic_acid) , an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid (/wiki/Saturated_fatty_acid) , and 40-45% oleic acid (/wiki/Oleic_acid) , which is a mono unsaturated fatty acid (/wiki/Unsaturated_fatty_acid) , with 18 carbon atoms. The refined oil is used as substitute for cocoa butter (/wiki/Cocoa_butter) in chocolate (/wiki/Chocolate) manufacturing. Physical and chemical properties of oil [11] (#cite_note-herbal-11) Property Range/limit Appearance white color solid Odor characteristic odor Taste Typical taste Specific gravity (/wiki/Specific_gravity) .88-0.914 Slip melting point (/wiki/Melting_point) 30-35 °C Peroxide value (/wiki/Peroxide_value) 4.0 Iodine value (/wiki/Iodine_value) 38-42 Saponification value (/wiki/Saponification_value) 187-193 Unsaponifiable matter (/wiki/Unsaponifiable_matter) 1.2% max Refractive Index (/wiki/Refractive_Index) at 40 °C 1.4500-1.4600 [12] (#cite_note-sea-12) Titer °C 46-53 [12] (#cite_note-sea-12) Fatty acid composition of oil [11] (#cite_note-herbal-11) Fatty acid Percentage Palmitic acid (/wiki/Palmitic_acid) (C16:0) 4-8 Stearic acid (/wiki/Stearic_acid) (C18:0) 40-50 Arachidic acid (/wiki/Arachidic_acid) (C20:0) 5-8 Oleic acid (/wiki/Oleic_acid) (C18:1) 35-45 Linoleic (/wiki/Linoleic) (C18:2) 1-4 Applications [ edit ] Sal oil or butter is used for cooking locally and used for soap (/wiki/Soap) up to 30%. Refined, modified fat is a substitute for cocoa butter (/wiki/Cocoa_butter) and used in confectionery industry. [13] (#cite_note-13) Sal butter is used in the manufacturing of edible ghee (/wiki/Ghee) ( vanaspati ), paints (/wiki/Paints) and pigments (/wiki/Pigments) , lubricants (/wiki/Lubricants) , auto oil, etc. [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Shorea robusta (/wiki/Shorea_robusta) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Forestry :: Shorea robusta" (http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/forestry/timber_sal.html) . Agritech.tnau.ac.in . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sal Tree, Biological name of the Sal Tree, Sal Tree Plantations in India" (http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/sal-tree.html) . Eco India . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-flower_3-0) "Shorea robusta -Sal" (http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sal.html) . Flowersofindia.net . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Species Information" (https://archive.today/20131109203632/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1525) . Worldagroforestrycentre.org. Archived from the original (http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1525) on 9 November 2013 . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Shorea robusta - forestrynepal" (http://www.forestrynepal.org/resources/trees/shorea-robusta) . forestrynepal.org . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Shorea robusta" (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Shorea_robusta.pdf) (PDF) . 15 January 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131109205555/http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Shorea_robusta.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2013 . Retrieved 24 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Sal tree forest- Shantiniketan \| Nativeplanet Video" (http://www.nativeplanet.com/videos/watch/84504/sal-tree-forest-shantiniketan.html) . Nativeplanet.com . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Shorea robusta – an excellent host tree for lichen growth in India (http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/aug252005/594.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Sal Seed (http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G02282.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Sal Seed Solvent Extraction Plant - Supplied Oil Mill Machinery" (http://www.oilmillmachinery.net/Sal-Seed-Solvent-Extraction-Plant.html) . Oilmillmachinery.net . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . ^ a b "Sal Fat - Shorea Robusta Fat, Cocoa Butter Equivalent, Food and Chocolates" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131109205317/http://www.pioneerherbal.com/food-additives/sal-butter.html) . pioneerherbal.com . Archived from the original (http://www.pioneerherbal.com/food-additives/sal-butter.html) on 9 November 2013. ^ a b SEAHandBook=2009,By The Solvent Extractors' Association of India ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Salseed" (http://www.crirec.com/2011/01/salseed/) . Crirec.com. 19 January 2011 . Retrieved 12 November 2013 . External links [ edit ] https://web.archive.org/web/20130211065905/http://jhamfcofed.com/resources/sal_seed.htm (https://web.archive.org/web/20130211065905/http://jhamfcofed.com/resources/sal_seed.htm) http://upscguide.com/content/timber-trees-india (http://upscguide.com/content/timber-trees-india) . v t e Non-timber forest products (/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product) Animal products (/wiki/Animal_product) Furs (/wiki/Fur) Honey (/wiki/Honey) pine (/wiki/Pine_honey) Wild game (/wiki/Game_(hunting)) Berries (/wiki/Berry) / tree fruit (/wiki/Fruit_tree) Banana (/wiki/Banana) Bilberry (/wiki/Bilberry) Binukaw (/wiki/Garcinia_binucao) Blackberry (/wiki/Blackberry) Blueberry (/wiki/Blueberry) Breadfruit (/wiki/Breadfruit) Cocoa bean (/wiki/Cocoa_bean) Coconut (/wiki/Coconut) Durian (/wiki/Durian) Gambooge (/wiki/Garcinia_gummi-gutta) Huckleberry (/wiki/Huckleberry) Jackfruit (/wiki/Jackfruit) Juniper berry (/wiki/Juniper_berry) Lingonberry (/wiki/Vaccinium_vitis-idaea) Raspberry 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South Korean model (1989–2009) Daul Kim Daul Kim in 2008 Born Kim Da-ul (김다울) ( 1989-05-31 ) 31 May 1989 Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , South Korea Died 19 November 2009 (2009-11-19) (aged 20) Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Modelling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) Hair colour Black Eye colour Brown [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) In this Korean name (/wiki/Korean_name) , the family name is Kim (/wiki/Kim_(Korean_name)) . Daul Kim ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 김다울 ; May 31, 1989 – November 19, 2009) was a South Korean model (/wiki/Fashion_model) , painter (/wiki/Painter) and blogger (/wiki/Blog) . She died by suicide (/wiki/Suicide) at the age of 20. Career [ edit ] Kim was born in Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) , on 31 May 1989. [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) She was regularly featured in magazines such as British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , i-D (/wiki/I-D) and Dazed & Confused (/wiki/Dazed_%26_Confused_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) In South Korea, she appeared on the covers of South Korean Vogue in August 2007 and May 2008 and in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) in July 2008. [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) She made her international catwalk debut at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) in 2007. [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , and Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) are among the top designers who consistently used Kim to showcase their latest collections. [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) [3] (#cite_note-3) She also modelled for H & M (/wiki/H_%26_M) and GAP (/wiki/Gap_(clothing_retailer)) . [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) In 2008 she was named Model of the Year by Anan magazine. [4] (#cite_note-nym-4) She also appeared on the South Korean series I am a Model in season 3. In June 2009 she appeared nude in i-D magazine, sparking criticism in Korea. [4] (#cite_note-nym-4) Her career was developing when she moved to Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France, in 2009 to model for Next (/wiki/NEXT_Model_Management) . [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) Shortly before her death she had appeared on the cover for the Australian Russh (/wiki/Russh) as well as video advertisements for Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , Richard Nicoll (/wiki/Richard_Nicoll) and Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) Personal life [ edit ] Kim was a keen painter and on 10 August 2007 she held a solo exhibition of her artwork in Seoul. [4] (#cite_note-nym-4) She collected antique forks and kept a blog titled "I Like to Fork Myself". She was also a fan of Klaus Kinski (/wiki/Klaus_Kinski) and his films and collected works. [4] (#cite_note-nym-4) She had a tattoo (/wiki/Tattoo) of a star on the inside of her left hand. [1] (#cite_note-fmd-1) Death and later impact [ edit ] Kim was discovered hanged (/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging) in her 10th arrondissement (/wiki/10th_arrondissement_of_Paris) apartment in Paris (/wiki/Paris) on 19 November 2009 at the age of 20. [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) The Paris prosecutor's office found a suicide note (/wiki/Suicide_note) at the scene and ruled her death as a suicide. [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) Kim had suffered from loneliness (/wiki/Loneliness) , insomnia (/wiki/Insomnia) and depression (/wiki/Depression_(mood)) and had felt frustrated with the demands of the fashion industry for a long time. She voiced her personal thoughts and issues in her own weblog (/wiki/Weblog) and also expressed herself through her paintings. She had sometimes dodged calls from her agents because she felt overworked. [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) As far back as 2007 she had written of angst, self-mutilation (/wiki/Self-mutilation) and suicide. In April of that year, she posted: "I am going to smash my face... My life as Daul was so miserable and lonely. Please join my loneliness in another world. I love you all. Daul", but later added, "KIDDING. I'm fine. Just tired." [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) She had also admitted that she self-harmed. [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) In October 2009 during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) she left a post on her blog describing herself as "mad depressed and overworked". [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) She became the ninth South Korean celebrity to die by suicide in 2009. Daul's last post included a song titled "I Go Deep" by Jim Rivers. The post was titled "Say Hi to Forever", and underneath she wrote "best track forever". [2] (#cite_note-pressure_of_catwalk-2) She took her own life shortly after. See also [ edit ] Suicide in South Korea (/wiki/Suicide_in_South_Korea) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g "Daul Kim - Fashion Model" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Daul_Kim/) . Fashion Model Directory . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091124211520/http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/daul_kim/) from the original on November 24, 2009 . Retrieved November 20, 2009 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bremner, Charles (November 20, 2009). "Suicide model Daul Kim wrote blog about pressure of catwalk" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110615202410/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article6925853.ece) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . London. Archived from the original (http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article6925853.ece) on June 15, 2011 . Retrieved November 20, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Top South Korean model Daul Kim found dead" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8369811.stm) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . November 20, 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091122083649/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8369811.stm) from the original on November 22, 2009 . Retrieved November 20, 2009 . ^ a b c d "Daul Kim" (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/dkim/daulkim/#ixzz0XQiVnBuH) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091123155616/http://nymag.com/fashion/models/dkim/daulkim/#ixzz0XQiVnBuH) from the original on November 23, 2009 . Retrieved November 20, 2009 . External links [ edit ] Daul Kim (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Daul_Kim/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Vogue interview (https://web.archive.org/web/20091123073750/http://www.vogue.co.uk/blogs/the-vogue-blog/articles/090721-animal-magic.aspx) Daul Kim's Blog (http://iliketoforkmyself.blogspot.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/296153409675141581224) National Korea (https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201884935) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐q6xx5 Cached time: 20240710153202 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.571 seconds Real time usage: 0.814 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2566/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23035/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2425/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27262/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.424/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21781777/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 749.841 1 -total 32.74% 245.518 1 Template:Infobox_model 24.74% 185.515 1 Template:Reflist 20.89% 156.650 1 Template:Cite_web 19.37% 145.231 1 Template:Korean 16.60% 124.453 1 Template:Lang 10.47% 78.520 1 Template:Authority_control 8.95% 67.121 1 Template:Birth_date 8.10% 60.721 1 Template:Short_description 5.83% 43.740 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25146937-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710153202 and revision id 1203551851. 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Clothing imprinted with a company's branding This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Promotional_apparel) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Promotional apparel" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Promotional+apparel%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Promotional+apparel%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Promotional+apparel%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Promotional+apparel%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Promotional+apparel%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Promotional+apparel%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Promotional apparel is clothing (/wiki/Clothing) imprinted with a company (/wiki/Company) 's name, logo (/wiki/Logo) or message. They include shirts, gloves, hats, jackets and any piece of clothing that can be incorporated in marketing (/wiki/Marketing) and communication (/wiki/Communication) campaigns. Promotional clothing is used to endorse a product (/wiki/Product_(business)) , service (/wiki/Service_(economics)) or company agenda. The importance of promotional apparel lies in the relationship that is generated between businesses and the public. Businesses require promotional items to help reach potential customers and clients. [1] (#cite_note-1) With promotional apparel, businesses are able to obtain exposure and brand recognition. Promotional apparel is usually distributed as handouts or shipped as bonus items to accompany a purchase. History [ edit ] The history of promotional products dates back to 1789, the first product being a commemorative button made for George Washington (/wiki/George_Washington) and his campaign. Due to the success of the commemorative button, other items such as wood specialties, almanacs, and calendars slowly became available as promotional items. [2] (#cite_note-2) The next innovation to change the world of promotional merchandise would be that of Jasper Freemont Meek. In 1881, in an attempt to produce revenue for his printing business and to use his printing presses during their downtime, Meek partnered with Cantwell Shoes to print advertisements for the local merchant on the bags of school children. These bags would be distributed to the children and become almost a walking advertisement for Cantwell Shoes. Providing these promotional items not only provided more revenue for Cantwell, but also spawned a full-scale printing operation for Meek, who began printing logos and messages on bags, calendars, and other merchandise for the local merchants of Coshocton, Ohio (/wiki/Coshocton,_Ohio) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Meek is often credited as the father of promotional products. The industry of promotional products has evolved quite a bit to meet the needs of both the producer and seller of the promotional items. Two major organizations play a substantial role within the industry. One organization is the Promotional Products Association International (PPAI), which was founded in 1904 as a method used to address issues such as pricing, new ideas, and procedures. The other organization is the Advertising Specialty Institute (/wiki/Advertising_Specialty_Institute) , or ASI, which was founded in 1950 by Joseph Segel (/wiki/Joseph_Segel) . Both of these organizations publish content and informational literature for promotional products and their suppliers. Products and Uses [ edit ] A large variety of products are available for businesses to use as promotional items. Promotional apparel may include: T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirts) Sweatshirts (/wiki/Sweatshirts) Dress shirts (/wiki/Dress_shirts) Polo shirts (/wiki/Polo_shirts) Headwear (/wiki/Headwear) Aprons (/wiki/Aprons) Scarves (/wiki/Scarves) Flip flops (/wiki/Flip_flops) Outerwear (/wiki/Outerwear) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniforms) While screen printing (/wiki/Screen_printing) is a common method due to low costs and ability to produce a large amount, some suppliers provide embroidering. Emerging trends within fashion tend to be influential on promotional apparel and their design. [4] (#cite_note-4) It is crucial for suppliers to follow closely with creative new finishes, materials, and styles that will be popular with customers and clients. It is also important that the items are high-quality in material and design. The reputation of the business is associated with the quality of the product and can affect customer loyalty. [5] (#cite_note-5) Customers that receive high-quality promotional merchandise are more inclined to purchase from the business in the future. According to the 2016 ASI Ad Impression study, 85 percent of the individuals surveyed remembered the name of the company that distributed a promotional item. Consumers were also found to be 2.5 times as likely to hold a positive impression of a company that handed out a promotional product compared to just showing a digital advertisement. [6] (#cite_note-6) See also [ edit ] Promotional merchandise (/wiki/Promotional_merchandise) Brand management (/wiki/Brand_management) Brand awareness (/wiki/Brand_awareness) Consumer behaviour (/wiki/Consumer_behaviour) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Alexandrea, Harrelson. "Why Promotional Items Are Important for Business" (https://www.logotech.com/blog/post/promotional-items-important-business) . LogoTech . Retrieved 2 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Brewers, Paula (24 September 2013). "A Brief History of Promotional Products" (https://www.navitor.com/blog/brief-history-promotional-products/) . Navitor . Retrieved 2 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Barnett, Seth (7 September 2018). "Promotional Products: A History of Printing" (https://www.piworld.com/post/promotional-products-a-history-of-printing/) . Printing Impressions . Retrieved 2 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Houston, Cathy. "The 2019 Promotional Product Trends That Will Influence Your Marketing Year" (https://www.godelta.com/blog/2019-promotional-product-trends-that-will-influence-your-marketing-year) . Delta Marketing Group . Retrieved 2 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Personal Branding Blog. "Why Corporate Promotional Products are Still Important" (https://www.business2community.com/marketing/corporate-promotional-products-still-important-01929506) . Business 2 Community . Retrieved 2 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Johansson, Anna. "Would a Promotional Product Be Effective at Helping You Market Your Startup?" (https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/315251) . Entrepreneur . Retrieved 2 June 2019 . 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Sydney Sadick Born ( 1994-02-02 ) February 2, 1994 (age 30) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) Alma mater George Washington University Occupation(s) On-air fashion and entertainment personality Website https://sydneysadick.com/ (https://sydneysadick.com/) Sydney Kamin Sadick (born February 2, 1994) is an American on-air fashion and entertainment commentator. [1] (#cite_note-1) She regularly contributes to news and entertainment programs across the United States. Shows include Hoda & Jenna (/wiki/Today_with_Hoda_%26_Jenna) , E! News (/wiki/E!_News) , Inside Edition (/wiki/Inside_Edition) , NBC New York Live, Good Day New York (/wiki/Good_Day_New_York) , Good Day LA (/wiki/Good_Day_L.A.) , Fox's Top 30, [2] (#cite_note-2) ABC's Good Morning Washington and ABC's The Jam Chicago. [3] (#cite_note-3) Upcoming scheduled appearances include E! (/wiki/E!) and The Today Show (/wiki/The_TODAY_Show) with Hota Kotb (/wiki/Hoda_Kotb) and Jenna Bush Hager (/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager) . She is a former editor at the Daily Front Row (/wiki/Daily_Front_Row) [4] (#cite_note-4) and is a contributing writer to Hamptons Magazine (/wiki/Hamptons_(magazine)) , and has a weekly column “Sadick Files.” Early life [ edit ] Sadick was born in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . She is the daughter of dermatologist Neil Sadick and Amy Kamin, former CEO of Endymed, Inc. She attended The Hewitt School (/wiki/The_Hewitt_School_(New_York,_New_York)) from kindergarten through 12th grade. She earned her bachelor's degree in journalism from the George Washington University (/wiki/George_Washington_University) 's School of Media and Public Affairs. She was a member of the AEPHI sorority. Career [ edit ] Sadick's career began when she was just a junior in high school, when she attended Harvard University's summer program. She took two college-level journalism courses and was required to start a blog. [5] (#cite_note-5) Her assignment quickly grew into a daily writing career with her fashion blog, Style Solutions. [6] (#cite_note-6) When returning to NYC she interviewed hundreds of celebrities and designers, her first being Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . The following summers during college Sadick had various high-profile internships including with Rachel Zoe (/wiki/Rachel_Zoe) , Inc. and O, The Oprah Magazine (/wiki/O,_The_Oprah_Magazine) . Her next was an internship at the Daily Front Row (/wiki/Daily_Front_Row) in 2010 that led to an 8-year tenure at the company. She freelanced throughout college and became an editor upon graduation in 2016. She was responsible for writing thousands of articles both online and print, and has interviewed some of the most coveted designers and celebrities: Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) , The Chainsmokers (/wiki/The_Chainsmokers) , Tom Brady (/wiki/Tom_Brady) , Sofia Vergara (/wiki/Sof%C3%ADa_Vergara) , Diane Von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , Maria Sharapova (/wiki/Maria_Sharapova) , Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) , Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) , among many others. She has covered the Met Ball, New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , the CFDA Awards (/wiki/CFDA_Awards) , and more high-profile industry and society events. Sadick made her television debut on Amazon's digital show Style Code Live [7] (#cite_note-7) with host Franke Grande (/wiki/Frankie_Grande) , where she was a style contributor. This led to being a regular contributor to NBC (/wiki/NBC) 's New York Live, Fox's Top 30, and The Jam. She is also regularly on Hoda & Jenna (/wiki/Today_with_Hoda_%26_Jenna) , E! News (/wiki/E!_News) , Inside Edition (/wiki/Inside_Edition) , Doctor & the Diva (/w/index.php?title=Doctor_%26_the_Diva&action=edit&redlink=1) , Good Morning Washington (/w/index.php?title=Good_Morning_Washington&action=edit&redlink=1) , Good Day LA (/wiki/Good_Day_L.A.) , Good Day NY (/wiki/Good_Day_New_York) , and more. She has made over 65 television appearances since 2017. Sadick has appeared on the Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) show, Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) [8] (#cite_note-8) Sydney was named a broadcast spokesperson for Olay's red jar products. She appeared in segments in taxi cabs across New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) . Washington DC (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , New Orleans (/wiki/New_Orleans) , Miami (/wiki/Miami) , and other cities. She also was featured in Direct TV (/wiki/DirecTV) segments. Sadick has hosted and appeared at major industry events and parties, including a Millennial Pink Party in the Hamptons. [9] (#cite_note-9) and her own 25th birthday party in Palm Beach, Florida. [10] (#cite_note-10) Other ventures [ edit ] In addition to Sadick's television work, she works with well known brands on events and social partnerships to help drive sales and garner in-store buzz, social media and brand awareness. Her clients include: Schutz, De Beers (/wiki/De_Beers) , Rebag, Furla (/wiki/Furla) , Ramy Brook, Kendra Scott (/wiki/Kendra_Scott) , Intermix (/wiki/Intermix_(fashion)) , Cutera, Alice and Olivia (/wiki/Alice_and_olivia) , American Express (/wiki/American_Express) Wardrobe App, among others. On September 15, 2020, Sadick releases her first book, "Aim High: How to Style Your Life and Achieve Your Goals." [11] (#cite_note-11) Personal life [ edit ] Sadick is married to Nick Adams and the couple resides in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [12] (#cite_note-12) She spends time at homes in the Hamptons (/wiki/The_Hamptons) and Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) where she enjoys time with her family. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Correspondent \| Writer \| Personality" (https://sydneysadick.com/) . Sydney Sadick . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Barton, Jonathan (2018-12-02). "Press Feature: Celebrity Stylist Sydney Sadick Shares CuffedUp on Top 30 TV!" (https://cuffedup.com/blogs/news/press-feature-celebrity-stylist-sydney-sadick-shares-cuffedup-on-top-30-tv) . CuffedUp . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "WCIU, The U \| The Jam" (http://www.wciu.com/thejam/be-on-the-show/) . WCIU, The U . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Sydney Sadick" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/author/sydney/) . Daily Front Row . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet Young Fashion Journalist Sydney Sadick \| Peacock Plume" (http://peacockplume.fr/fashion/meet-young-fashion-journalist-sydney-sadick) . peacockplume.fr . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Sydney Sadick '16" (https://www.hercampus.com/school/gwu/sydney-sadick-16) . Her Campus . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Watch Our Associate Editor Sydney Sadick on Amazon's Style Code Live!" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/watch-associate-editor-sydney-sadick-amazons-style-code-live/) . Daily Front Row . 2016-08-11 . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Sydney Sadick" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6473109/) . IMDb . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Patrick Schwarzenegger Wore Gen Z Yellow to a Millennial Pink Party in the Hamptons" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/08/patrick-schwarzenegger-gen-z-yellow-millennial-pink-montauk-party) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 2019-05-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "NYC Brings The Sparkle To Palm Beach For Sydney Sadick's 25th Birthday Bash" (https://guestofaguest.com/miami/events/nyc-brings-the-sparkle-to-palm-beach-for-sydney-sadicks-25th-birthday-bash-1) . Guest of a Guest . Retrieved 2019-05-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Aim High . 2020-09-15. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5107-5904-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Currently Styling: Sydney Sadick" (https://styliststoat.com/currently-styling-sydney-sadick/) . Stylists to a T . 2017-12-29 . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . 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Slang term for high heels High-heel shoes worn in an overt sexual context Fuck-me shoes , alternatively fuck-me boots or fuck-me pumps (occasionally extended to knock-me-down-and-fuck-me shoes ), is a slang term for women's high-heeled shoes (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) that exaggerate a sexual image. The term can be applied to any women's shoes that are worn with the intention of arousing others. It is sometimes used to imply condemnation against the women who choose to wear them or in a misogynistic (/wiki/Misogyny) fashion toward the women who wear them. [1] (#cite_note-1) The term is similar in meaning to kinky boots , although typically kinky boots refer more specifically to boots suited to a particular fetish (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) . Term and usage [ edit ] The phrase possibly originated in the United States, where two similar terms are used: " 'fuck-you shoes' implying a disregard for convention or propriety, or 'fuck-off shoes' where 'fuck-off' means both outsize and aggressive". [2] (#cite_note-slang-2) Tight trousers were called "come fuck (/wiki/Fuck) -me's" as listed in a 1972 British dictionary of slang ( The Queens' Vernacular: A Gay Lexicon ), while a 1974 book ( Myra & Gore: A New View of Myra Breckinridge and A Candid Interview with Gore Vidal: A Book for Vidalophiles ) is cited as making a reference to a person wearing "a pair of fabulous 1940s- Joan Crawford (/wiki/Joan_Crawford) -fuck-me's". [3] (#cite_note-3) The song "We are the Dead" from David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) 's 1974 Diamond Dogs (/wiki/Diamond_Dogs) album mentions "fuck-me pumps". [4] (#cite_note-4) In Shelley Winters (/wiki/Shelley_Winters) ' first autobiography, "Shelley: Also Known as Shirley", she recounts a memory from being Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) 's roommate: "These were a special kind of sandal–tied in front with a bow–that Marilyn and I used to 'borrow' from the studio. Giggling, we called them our 'fuck-me shoes.' They really were the sexiest shoes I've ever seen. Whenever we did pinup photos for the soldiers, we wore them." [5] (#cite_note-5) Prominent feminist Germaine Greer (/wiki/Germaine_Greer) brought what had been an "obscure" term to more mainstream notoriety when she used it in 1995. [2] (#cite_note-slang-2) Greer used the term in referring to fellow Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) columnist Suzanne Moore (/wiki/Suzanne_Moore) as having "hair bird's-nested all over the place, fuck-me shoes and three fat inches of cleavage". [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Greer made the remark – in a column originally submitted to The Guardian but then published in a toned-down version, sans the above quote, in The Spectator (/wiki/The_Spectator) [11] (#cite_note-11) – in response to a comment Moore had made to the " Londoner's Diary (/wiki/Londoner%27s_Diary) " [12] (#cite_note-12) over Richard Neville (/wiki/Richard_Neville_(writer)) 's (false) claim that Greer had a hysterectomy scar on her abdomen, [13] (#cite_note-13) with Moore framing Greer's supposed hysterectomy as a voluntary decision to have herself sterilized. Greer was also quoted during the 1990s as criticizing a number of women writers that she termed "lifestyle feminists" [14] (#cite_note-14) who were, in her view, espousing feminism at nothing more than a superficial level. Pamela Church Gibson identifies Greer as a dominant player in defining an anti-fashion feminist rhetoric. [15] (#cite_note-15) Moore's response to Greer was that her fashion choices were dictated by her own tastes and not to please men: "As someone who grew up with punk (/wiki/Punk_rock) and Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) , I take it for granted that women dress to please themselves and not men". [16] (#cite_note-16) Moore has said her footwear is "not worn just for the benefit of men", implying that the intention is twofold, to please both her and observers, although she also says "Most of the pleasure [of buying shoes] involves a private fantasy that starts with me and ends at my feet. Men don't get a look in." [17] (#cite_note-17) The incident, and the term, received coverage in British media and beyond, and the term has become associated with Greer in popular culture. [18] (#cite_note-18) Greer had been denouncing stiletto shoes (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) as symbols of women's subordination as early as 1970 (in The Female Eunuch (/wiki/The_Female_Eunuch) ). [19] (#cite_note-Edwards_2009_82-19) The expression was further popularized by the success of British soul singer Amy Winehouse (/wiki/Amy_Winehouse) ’s single "Pumps", originally listed as " Fuck Me Pumps (/wiki/Fuck_Me_Pumps) " on her 2003 album Frank (/wiki/Frank_(Amy_Winehouse_album)) . [ citation needed ] In January 2011, in a forum with teenaged students in Cartagena, Colombia (/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia) , Greer noticed the popularity of silicone breast implants (/wiki/Breast_implants) in the audience. She asked students why they thought women tennis players wore skirts, and asked why a young woman would choose to wear stiletto shoes: "So you think the shoes are her fetish? […] I call them fuck-me shoes," she said, "because you can't walk in them but you can wear them in bed." [20] (#cite_note-20) Cultural debate [ edit ] The underlying conflict arises from the question of what is considered an appropriate way for women to present their bodies, particularly in public spaces. Feminists are divided on the issue, with first-wave feminism (/wiki/First-wave_feminism) more likely to condemn certain forms of clothing, whilst second-wave feminism (/wiki/Second-wave_feminism) began to take a more sex-positive (/wiki/Sex-positive) stance, and third-wave feminism (/wiki/Third-wave_feminism) has largely come to view criticisms of fashion choices to be " slut-shaming (/wiki/Slut-shaming) ", an action viewed as misogynist, even when coming from other women. The development of the SlutWalk (/wiki/SlutWalk) protest demonstrations against dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) is influenced by this position. When punk fashion (/wiki/Punk_fashion) was on the rise during the late 1970s, young women consciously played with the symbolism inherent in their accessorizing, mixing choices that created a jarring visual clash; leather was combined with lace, steel spikes with velvet, stiletto heels with heavy ankle chains. The result was to exaggerate a look of sexual aggression, turning " 'fuck me' shoes into signifiers of 'fuck you ' ". [19] (#cite_note-Edwards_2009_82-19) The punk influenced youth counterculture continues with this trend, part of the wider trend of fetish fashion (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) . See also [ edit ] Alternative lifestyle (/wiki/Alternative_lifestyle) Boot fetishism (/wiki/Boot_fetishism) Damsel in distress (/wiki/Damsel_in_distress) Gender roles (/wiki/Gender_role) Go-go boots (/wiki/Go-go_boot) Lordosis behavior (/wiki/Lordosis_behavior) Objectification (/wiki/Objectification) Shoe fetishism (/wiki/Shoe_fetishism) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Egan, R. Danielle; Hawkes, Gail Louise (May 2012). "Sexuality, youth and the perils of endangered innocence: how history can help us get past the panic". Gender and Education (/wiki/Gender_and_Education) . 24 (3): 269–284. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/09540253.2012.666232 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09540253.2012.666232) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 146753285 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146753285) . ^ a b Thorne, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Contemporary Slang (3rd ed.). London: A&C Black. p. 172. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7136-7529-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sheidlower, Jesse, ed. (2009). The F-Word (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-539311-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) O'Leary, Chris (2015). Rebel Rebel . Winchester/Washington: Zero Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78099-244-0 . 'fuck-me pumps': One of the first recorded usages (originally referring to a style of strapped, wedge-heeled shoe favored by Joan Crawford) in the English language. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Winters, Shelley (1980). Shelley: Also Known as Shirley . New York: William Morrow. p. 117. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-688-03638-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Birch, Helen (May 18, 1995). "Unsisterly conduct as feminist generations fall out" (https://www.proquest.com/docview/312324771) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . p. 3. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 312324771 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/312324771) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Alderson, Andrew (May 21, 1995). "Sparring partners" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/FP1803286426/STHA) . The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) . p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gerrard, Nicci (May 21, 1995). "Middle-aged feminist rage shocks and amuses" (https://www.proquest.com/docview/294823188) . The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) . p. 12. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 294823188 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/294823188) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Treneman, Ann (November 4, 1998). "Dr Greer, I presume" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/dr-greer-i-presume-1182539.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . p. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Wallace, Christine (1999). Germaine Greer: Untamed Shrew . New York: Faber and Faber. p. 269. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-571-19934-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Greer, Germaine (May 20, 1995). "We shall not be neutered" (http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/20th-may-1995/54/women) . The Spectator (/wiki/The_Spectator) . p. 54. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "So why no child for the female eunuch?" (https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/725081826/) . Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) . May 5, 1995. p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Neville, Richard (1995). Hippie Hippie Shake: The Dreams, the Trips, the Trials, the Love-Ins, the Screw Ups… the Sixties . London: Bloomsbury. p. 71. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7475-1554-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Thackray, Rachelle (February 21, 1999). "Germaine smacks her sisters" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/germaine-smacks-her-sisters-1072156.html) . The Independent . p. 3. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120719005038/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/germaine-smacks-her-sisters-1072156.html) from the original on July 19, 2012 . Retrieved February 14, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Church Gibson, Pamela (2000). "Redressing the Balance: Patriarchy, Postmodernism and Feminism". In Stella, Bruzzi; Church Gibson, Pamela (eds.). Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations and Analysis . Milton Park/New York: Routledge. pp. 349–362. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-20685-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Moore, Suzanne (1996). Head over Heels . London: Viking. p. 294. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-670-87074-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Moore, Suzanne (Autumn 1997). "Help, I'm Addicted to Shoes". Red . p. 60. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Calcutt, Andrew (2000). Brit Cult: An A–Z of British Pop Culture . London: Prion. p. 223]. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85375-321-3 . ^ a b Edwards, Tim (2011). Fashion in Focus: Concepts, Practices and Politics . Milton Park/New York: Routledge. p. 82. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-44793-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Wood, Gaby (January 29, 2011). "Hay Festival Cartagena: passionate Germaine Greer's still a class act" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/hay-festival/8290650/Hay-Festival-Cartagena-passionate-Germaine-Greers-still-a-class-act.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120702232609/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/hay-festival/8290650/Hay-Festival-Cartagena-passionate-Germaine-Greers-still-a-class-act.html) from the original on July 2, 2012 . 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American footwear retailer Rack Room Shoes Company type Division of Deichmann Group Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded Salisbury, North Carolina (/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina) , 1922 Founder Phil Levinson Headquarters Charlotte, North Carolina (/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina) , U.S. Number of locations 450+ Products Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Divisions (/wiki/Division_(business)) Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse Website rackroomshoes (http://rackroomshoes.com) .com (http://rackroomshoes.com) Rack Room Shoes store in Lake Charles, Louisiana (/wiki/Lake_Charles,_Louisiana) Rack Room Shoes is an American footwear (/wiki/Footwear) retailer headquartered in Charlotte (/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina) , North Carolina (/wiki/North_Carolina) , which operates more than 500 stores in 36 states under the Rack Room Shoes and Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse brands. Both brands offer a variety of styles for women, men and children in athletic, comfort and dress categories, as well as accessories, backpacks, shoe care items, and socks. The company owns private label footwear brands including: Bjorndal, Bluefin, Cupcake Couture, Xappeal, Limelight, Restoration, Lauren Blakwell, Pesaro, West Harris, and Michael by Michael Shannon. History [ edit ] The company was founded in 1922 in Salisbury, North Carolina (/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina) by Phil Levinson, who sold his Phil's Shoe stores to his son-in-law, Mort Lerner, who was the owner of Lerner's Shoes. Mort Lerner changed the name of the stores to Rack Room Shoes. In 1984, Rack Room Shoes was purchased by the privately held Deichmann Group of Germany. (/wiki/Heinrich_Deichmann-Schuhe_GmbH) , [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Europe's largest and most well-known shoe retailer. Rack Room Shoes purchased Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse [3] (#cite_note-3) in 2002 and completed bringing operating functions of Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse, together with its own in 2021. [4] (#cite_note-4) The move allows the retailer's customers to earn loyalty points through one program, shop one ecommerce site, and pick-up, return and exchange merchandise at either of the brands’ locations. Company focus [ edit ] In 2016, Rack Room Shoes launched the Athletic Shop, with an increased emphasis on its widespread athletic offering. The Athletic Shop is a shop-within-a-shop concept in brick and mortar stores and e-commerce spaces. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "About Rack Room Shoes" (https://www.rackroomshoes.com/content/about.html) . www.rackroomshoes.com . Retrieved 2021-01-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Rack Room Shoes to expand Charlotte headquarters \| CharlotteObserver.…" (https://archive.today/20130628213555/http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2013/03/01/3887312/rack-room-shoes-to-expand-charlotte.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2013/03/01/3887312/rack-room-shoes-to-expand-charlotte.html) on 2013-06-28 . Retrieved 2013-04-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Rack Room is taking giant steps with expansion - Charlotte Business Journal" (https://www.bizjournals.com/charlotte/print-edition/2013/03/15/rack-room-is-taking-giant-steps-with.html) . www.bizjournals.com . Retrieved 2021-01-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Rack Room To Merge Customer Touchpoints With Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse \| SGB Media Online" (https://sgbonline.com/rack-room-to-merge-customer-touchpoints-with-off-broadway-shoe-warehouse/) . sgbonline.com . 2020-12-31 . Retrieved 2021-05-19 . 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Italian fashion house Lardini Company type S.r.l. (/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_a_responsabilit%C3%A0_limitata) Industry Fashion Founded 1978 ; 46 years ago ( 1978 ) Filottrano (/wiki/Filottrano) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Founder Luigi Lardini, Andrea Lardini, Lorena Lardini Headquarters Filottrano (/wiki/Filottrano) , Italy Area served International boutiques: Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Xi'an (/wiki/Xi%27an) and Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp) Key people Luigi Lardini ( Creative Director (/wiki/Creative_Director) ), Andrea Lardini, Lorena Lardini, Annarita Lardini Products Men's tailoring Services Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) production, ready to wear, made to measure (/wiki/Made_to_measure) Number of employees 300 internal, 800 external Website lardini.it (http://www.lardini.it/) Lardini S.r.l. (/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_a_responsabilit%C3%A0_limitata) is an Italian (/wiki/Culture_of_Italy) fashion house founded in 1978 by three siblings of the Lardini family in Filottrano (/wiki/Filottrano) , Ancona Province (/wiki/Ancona_Province) . Luigi Lardini is its current creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) ; his garments can be distinguished by a signature lapel flower constructed from wool (/wiki/Wool) . [1] (#cite_note-Luxos_Made_in_Italy-1) History [ edit ] The company was founded by the Lardini family in 1978 in Filottrano, a town in the Ancona Province of Italy. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) At the time of its founding, Luigi Lardini was 18 years old, his sister Lorena was 19, and brother Andrea Lardini was 21. [3] (#cite_note-3) It is famous for manufacturing men's tailoring for brands Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_S.p.A.) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , Etro (/wiki/Etro) and Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) . [1] (#cite_note-Luxos_Made_in_Italy-1) Lardini produces a ready to wear (/wiki/Ready_to_wear) tailoring line, which is retailed at its showroom in Milan (/wiki/Milan) and three mono brand (/wiki/Brand) boutiques outside Italy. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Production [ edit ] The company produces 1,600 garments per day at its headquarters in Filottrano (/wiki/Filottrano) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) It exports 60% of its annual production. [8] (#cite_note-8) Lardini has created a collection with Nick Wooster. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Boutiques [ edit ] Lardini has boutiques in: Antwerpen (/wiki/Antwerpen) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) ( Via Gesu (/wiki/Via_Gesu) ), Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) ( Marunouchi (/wiki/Marunouchi) ), and Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) ( Petrovka Street (/wiki/Petrovka_Street) and Krasnogorsk (/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast) ). [9] (#cite_note-9) Lardini garments are also sold in Genoa (/wiki/Genoa) and Chiavari (/wiki/Chiavari) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In East Asia the brand is sold at luxury department stores including Shinsegae (/wiki/Shinsegae) , Daimaru (/wiki/Daimaru) , Takashimaya (/wiki/Takashimaya) , Iwataya (/wiki/Iwataya) , Seibu (/wiki/Seibu_Department_Stores) , Mitsukoshi (/wiki/Mitsukoshi) , and others. In Latin America, the brand is sold at Silver Deer in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) . See also [ edit ] Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) Made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) Massimo Alba (/wiki/Massimo_Alba) Pal Zileri (/wiki/Pal_Zileri) References [ edit ] ^ a b Luxos, Lardini: a story Made in Italy (http://www.luxos.com/magazine/lardini-a-story-made-in-italy) ^ a b Lenton, Jack (2018-01-31). "In Focus: Lardini - an exceptional attention to detail" (https://www.apetogentleman.com/in-focus-lardini/) . Ape to Gentleman . Retrieved 2020-03-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) LA FILOSOFIA DI LARDINI (https://therake.com/stories/values-lardini/) The Rake , CHRISTIAN BARKER ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lardini.it (http://www.lardini.it/html/html_azienda_en.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121108154146/http://www.lardini.it/html/html_azienda_en.htm) 2012-11-08 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "In Focus: Lardini - an exceptional attention to detail" (https://www.apetogentleman.com/in-focus-lardini/) . Ape to Gentleman . 2018-01-31 . Retrieved 2021-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "CBI Europe - Lardini" (https://www.cbi-europe.it/fr/referenze/pareti+mobili+e+arredi/1/1/592.aspx) . www.cbi-europe.it . Retrieved 2021-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Lardini: Turning 40 with a Flourish \| The Rake" (https://therake.com/stories/style/lardini-turning-40/) . therake.com . Retrieved 2021-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lardini (http://www.lardini.it/html/html_azienda_en.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121108154146/http://www.lardini.it/html/html_azienda_en.htm) 2012-11-08 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Store Locator (https://www.lardini.com/it_it/storepickup/) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Lardini (http://www.lardini.it/html/html_shops_menu_en.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121111010515/http://www.lardini.it/html/html_shops_menu_en.htm) 2012-11-11 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.lardini.it/) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Companies (/wiki/Portal:Companies) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐smf42 Cached time: 20240701010303 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.378 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1699/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20205/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1625/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21466/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.175/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4936289/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 344.284 1 -total 34.42% 118.495 1 Template:Reflist 29.58% 101.853 1 Template:Infobox_company 26.62% 91.657 1 Template:Infobox 26.15% 90.027 4 Template:Cite_web 20.48% 70.506 1 Template:Short_description 12.46% 42.882 2 Template:Pagetype 10.68% 36.770 1 Template:Portal_bar 4.77% 16.438 7 Template:Main_other 3.93% 13.540 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37484369-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701010303 and revision id 1225998084. 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Kiss Me Deadly Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2006 ( 2006 ) in London (/wiki/London) , UK (/wiki/UK) Founder Catherine Clavering Key people Catherine Clavering ( MD (/wiki/Managing_director) ) Products Lingerie Website www (http://www.kissmedeadly.co.uk) .kissmedeadly (http://www.kissmedeadly.co.uk) .co (http://www.kissmedeadly.co.uk) .uk (http://www.kissmedeadly.co.uk) Kiss Me Deadly is a British lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) brand established in London in 2006 by Catherine Clavering. The brand won the "UK's Favourite British Designer" award at the 2012 UK Lingerie Awards (/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards) . History [ edit ] Kiss Me Deadly was established in 2006 by Catherine Clavering, who founded the brand after struggling to find a "decent garter belt". [1] (#cite_note-star-1) The company is based in Sheffield (/wiki/Sheffield) and London (/wiki/London) . [1] (#cite_note-star-1) The retro (/wiki/Retro_style) designs are inspired by the lingerie and fashion of the 40s and 50s. [2] (#cite_note-Insight-2) The brand won the publicly-voted "Favourite British Designer" award at the 2012 UK Lingerie Awards (/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards) and was nominated for the "Best Independent Directional Brand" the same year. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The brand was also nominated for the "Favourite Lingerie Brand" award in 2013 and the "Favourite British Designer" in 2013 and 2014. [5] (#cite_note-5) Kiss Me Deadly has been featured in a number of magazines. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ a b "A burlesque window of opportunity in Sheffield" (http://www.thestar.co.uk/what-s-on/out-about/a-burlesque-window-of-opportunity-in-sheffield-1-6007866) . Sheffield Star (/wiki/Sheffield_Star) . 2013-09-03 . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-Insight_2-0) "Kiss Me Deadly launch social media app" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150225155625/http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-3410-kiss-me-deadly-launch-social-media-app/) . Lingerie Insight . 2013-03-08. Archived from the original (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-3410-kiss-me-deadly-launch-social-media-app/) on 2015-02-25 . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Stylefile" (http://www.thestar.co.uk/features/fashion-beauty/stylefile-1-5945335) . Sheffield Star (/wiki/Sheffield_Star) . 2013-08-14 . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "UKLA Finalists: Independent Directional Brands" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150226005204/http://www.lingerieinsight.com/pics-2461-ukla-finalists-independent-directional-brands/2) . Lingerie Insight . Archived from the original (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/pics-2461-ukla-finalists-independent-directional-brands/2) on 2015-02-26 . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "UK Public Choose Their Favourite Lingerie" (http://issuu.com/ctmagazine/docs/issue12) . Creative Talent . No. 12. Issuu (/wiki/Issuu) . November 2013. p. 9 . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Milligan, Lauren (2010-03-30). "Underwear Uncovered" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2010/03/30/underworld-lingerie-film-new-designers) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Holder, Miles (2014-10-21). " (http://fault-magazine.com/2014/10/why-should-i-care-exclusive-fashion-editorial-by-woland/) 'Social Media' – Exclusive Fashion Editorial By Woland" (http://fault-magazine.com/2014/10/why-should-i-care-exclusive-fashion-editorial-by-woland/) . FAULT Magazine . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "British designer brands take the catwalk at the Rose Club" (http://underlinesmagazine.com/2013/09/18/british-designer-brands-take-to-the-catwalk-at-the-rose-club/) . Underlines Magazine . 2013-09-18 . Retrieved 2015-02-25 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.kissmedeadly.co.uk) v t e Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Upper torso Types (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) of bras (/wiki/Bra) History (/wiki/History_of_bras) Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Other garments Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Torsolette (/wiki/Torsolette) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Lower torso Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Girl boxers (/wiki/Girl_boxers) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Tanga (/wiki/Thong) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Thong (/wiki/Thong) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Full torso Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Playsuit (/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Historical Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Accessories Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) Brands List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) Retail Bras N Things (/wiki/Bras_N_Things) Cosmo Lady (/wiki/Cosmo_Lady) Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) HerRoom (/wiki/HerRoom) Journelle (/wiki/Journelle) True & Co. (/wiki/True_%26_Co.) Related Corset controversy (/wiki/Corset_controversy) Bralessness (/wiki/Bralessness) Lingerie party (/wiki/Lingerie_party) UK Lingerie Awards (/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/143027879) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐29scq Cached time: 20240713205702 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.338 seconds Real time usage: 0.428 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1525/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39446/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1040/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44335/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.221/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5046120/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 362.619 1 -total 34.47% 124.978 1 Template:Reflist 32.34% 117.261 1 Template:Infobox_company 29.00% 105.162 1 Template:Infobox 28.54% 103.483 7 Template:Cite_web 23.87% 86.569 1 Template:Lingerie 23.66% 85.794 2 Template:Navbox 5.70% 20.668 1 Template:Authority_control 2.63% 9.524 1 Template:URL 2.42% 8.787 1 Template:Official_website Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45504704-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713205702 and revision id 1228887562. 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Folklore & Fashion museum in Nafplion, Greece Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation Πελοποννησιακό Λαογραφικό Ίδρυμα Established 1974 Location V. Alexandros Street, Nafplion (/wiki/Nafplion) , Greece (/wiki/Greece) Type Folklore & Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Founder Ioanna Papantoniou Website Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation (http://www.pli.gr/index.php) The Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation ‘Vas. Papantoniou’ or PFF ( Greek (/wiki/Greek_language) : Πελοποννησιακό Λαογραφικό Ίδρυμα also known as ΠΛΙ ) is a nonprofit cultural institution and museum based in Nafplion (/wiki/Nafplion) , Greece (/wiki/Greece) . It was founded in 1974 by the folklorist and scenic designer Ioanna Papantoniou (/wiki/Ioanna_Papantoniou) in memory of her father Vasilios Papantoniou. The aim of PFF is the research, preservation, study and presentation of the material culture (/wiki/Material_culture) of the Greeks (/wiki/Greeks) . [1] (#cite_note-a-1) History [ edit ] PFF was founded in 1974 [2] (#cite_note-b-2) by Ioanna Papantoniou and it is located since 1981 in an early 20th century house belonging to Papantoniou family which was converted into a museum. The same year PFF was awarded with the European Museum of the Year Main Award (EMYA). [3] (#cite_note-3) During the 70's and the 80's, the foundation made several researches over Greece (/wiki/Greece) , Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) and the Griko (/wiki/Griko_people) communities of Southern Italy (/wiki/Southern_Italy) , gathering data and documents about the traditional culture, music and dance and also about the preindustrial technology and the old fashioned children toys. [4] (#cite_note-c-4) In 1989 PFF founded a children's museum in Nafplion (/wiki/Nafplion) at the old local railway station. [5] (#cite_note-5) Four years later, Melina Merkouri (/wiki/Melina_Merkouri) (then Culture minister of Greece (/wiki/Greece) ) assigned to PFF the Hellenic National Costume Archives while in 1999 the foundation's facilities were renovated. [4] (#cite_note-c-4) In 2013 PFF was awarded by the Academy of Athens (/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)) for its cultural activities. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Artifacts of the foundation have been exposed in various exhibitions worldwide including Athens (/wiki/Athens) , Thessaloniki (/wiki/Thessaloniki) , Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) , Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , Limassol (/wiki/Limassol) , London (/wiki/London) etc. [4] (#cite_note-c-4) in cooperation with foundations and authorities such as Benaki Museum (/wiki/Benaki_Museum) , [4] (#cite_note-c-4) Municipality of Nafplio (/wiki/Nafplio) , Nicosia Municipality (/wiki/Nicosia_Municipality) , [4] (#cite_note-c-4) Harokopio University (/wiki/Harokopio_University) , [8] (#cite_note-8) Foundation of the Hellenic World, Hellenic Centre of London, [9] (#cite_note-9) Teloglion Foundation of Art (/wiki/Teloglion_Foundation_of_Art) [10] (#cite_note-10) etc. Collections [ edit ] PFF collections include 45,000 items. The majority of them, more than 27,000 items, are directly connected to the popular and modern Greek culture including traditional costumes and items from mainland Greece, Crete (/wiki/Crete) , Aegean (/wiki/Aegean_Islands) and Ionian Islands (/wiki/Ionian_Islands) , Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) , Asia Minor (/wiki/Asia_Minor) , etc. The museum also holds a collection of 5,500 items linked with the history of fashion, including works by designers such as Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) , Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) , Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) , Sue Wong (/wiki/Sue_Wong) , Mariano Fortuny (/wiki/Mariano_Fortuny_(designer)) , Laura Ashley (/wiki/Laura_Ashley) , Jean Dessès (/wiki/Jean_Dess%C3%A8s) , James Galanos (/wiki/James_Galanos) , Yiannis Tseklenis (/wiki/Yiannis_Tseklenis) etc. Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation also owns a photography, sound and film collection dedicated to its past researches, a library of 10,000 titles a publishing house. Gallery [ edit ] A top hat (/wiki/Top_hat) from the 1950s. Wedding dress from Alexandria (/wiki/Alexandreia,_Greece) , Greek Macedonia (/wiki/Greek_Macedonia) . Traditional Greek costume from Topolovgrad (/wiki/Topolovgrad) , Bulgaria (/wiki/Bulgaria) by PFF's photo archives. Traditional costume from Corinthia (/wiki/Corinthia) , Peloponnese (/wiki/Peloponnese) by PFF's photo archives. 19th century gloves. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-a_1-0) "History" (http://www.pli.gr/en/content/history) . pli.gr . Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation . Retrieved 25 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-b_2-0) Kanellopoulos, Kanellos (2002). Το αποκεντρωμένο μουσείο και η συμβολή του στη βελτίωση της ποιότητας ζωής και στη σύγχρονη πολιτισμική ανάπτυξη: Το παράδειγμα του ΠΛΙ (in Greek). Athens: International Council of Museums - Hellenic National Committee. p. 79. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 960-85867-4-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Awards" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170829083512/http://www.europeanmuseumforum.info/emya.html) . europeanmuseumforum.info . European Museum Forum. Archived from the original (http://www.europeanmuseumforum.info/emya.html) on 29 August 2017 . Retrieved 14 October 2015 . ^ a b c d e "Timeline" (http://www.pli.gr/en/content/timeline) . pli.gr . Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation . Retrieved 25 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kanellopoulos, Kanellos (2002). p.83. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ ΤΙΜΩΜΕΝΩΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ 2013" (http://www.tovima.gr/files/1/2013/12/20/ACADEMY.pdf) (PDF) (in Greek). To Vima . Retrieved 14 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Toulatou, Isma. "Ιωάννα Παπαντωνίου: Οι Ελληνίδες μέσα από τα νυφικά τους" (http://www.tovima.gr/culture/article/?aid=557862) . tovima.gr . To Vima . Retrieved 14 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "5 - 7 Φεβρουαρίου Μονάδα Αριστείας ΕΛ/ΛΑΚ" (http://www.hua.gr/index.php/el/events/753-5-6-7) . hua.gr (in Greek). Harokopio University . Retrieved 14 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Diary of Events January - March 2014" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092912/http://www.helleniccentre.org/media/diaries/Diary%20of%20Events%20Jan-March14%20(2).pdf) (PDF) . Hellenic Centre of London. p. 4. Archived from the original (http://www.helleniccentre.org/media/diaries/Diary%20of%20Events%20Jan-March14%20(2).pdf) (PDF) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Το Τελλόγλειο της Αλίκης και του Νέστορα (13/2/2009 – 14/6/2009)" (http://www.filoi-tellogleiou.gr/?p=235) (in Greek). Σύλλογος Φίλων Τελλογλείου Ιδρύματος Τεχνών ΑΠΘ. 6 February 2009 . Retrieved 14 October 2015 . [ permanent dead link ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peloponnesian_Folklore_Foundation) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peloponnesian_Folklore_Foundation&oldid=1193132692 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peloponnesian_Folklore_Foundation&oldid=1193132692) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion museums (/wiki/Category:Fashion_museums) Folk museums in Greece (/wiki/Category:Folk_museums_in_Greece) Museums in Peloponnese (region) (/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Peloponnese_(region)) Nafplion (/wiki/Category:Nafplion) Foundations based in Greece (/wiki/Category:Foundations_based_in_Greece) 1974 establishments in Greece (/wiki/Category:1974_establishments_in_Greece) Hidden categories: CS1 Greek-language sources (el) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Greek-language_sources_(el)) All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from March 2018 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_March_2018) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with J9U identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers) Articles with SUDOC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SUDOC_identifiers) Pages using the Kartographer extension (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension)
Plus size clothing company FullBeauty Brands FullBeauty Brands logo Formerly OneStopPlus Group Industry Online retail Founded 1901 Headquarters New York City , US Area served Nationwide Key people Jim Fogarty, CEO Products Plus size clothing, big and tall clothing Website www.fbbrands.com (http://www.fbbrands.com/) FullBeauty Brands Operations, LLC. is an American holding company based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , featuring online and catalog retail brands for plus size women’s apparel, big and tall men’s apparel, and home goods. As of June 2023, the company's CEO is Jim Fogarty. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] FullBeauty Brands was founded in 1901 in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [ citation needed ] In 1924, the company launched its first fashion catalog. In 1941, the mail order business moved to Indiana (/wiki/Indiana) where the company fulfills catalog and online orders from its fulfillment centers in Indianapolis (/wiki/Indianapolis) and Plainfield (/wiki/Plainfield,_Indiana) . In 1999, the company’s call center was opened in El Paso, Texas (/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In February 2013, the company was purchased by Charlesbank Capital Partners and Webster Capital. In 2015, the company rebranded itself, it was previously known as OneStopPlus Group. [3] (#cite_note-3) In October 2015, FullBeauty Brands was acquired by Apax Partners (/wiki/Apax_Partners) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) FullBeauty Brands acquired the Avenue (/wiki/Avenue_(store)) brand from City Chic Collective (/wiki/City_Chic_Collective) in June 2024. [6] (#cite_note-6) Brands [ edit ] FullBeauty Brands Operations, LLC. is an umbrella holding company with multiple brands under its label. These include: One Stop Plus, Woman Within, Roaman's, Catherine's, Jessica London, Ellos, Swimsuits For All, Brylane Home, King Size, Full Beauty Outlet, Shoes For All, and Intimates For All. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Support for the Body Positive Movement [ edit ] Fullbeauty has sought to support the Body Positive Movement in promoting messaging that runs contrary to the trend of using extremely skinny fashion models. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2015 the company ran a campaign called "OwnYourCurves" which sought to alter consumers' perceptions of size and shape as it related to beauty through the positive portrayal of "plus size" women. [10] (#cite_note-HWR-10) Meghan Trainor (/wiki/Meghan_Trainor) partnered with the company in the campaign. [10] (#cite_note-HWR-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "FULLBEAUTY Brands, Inc.: Private Company Information - Businessweek" (https://www.fbbrands.com/fullbeauty-announces-ceo-transition/) . Bloomberg.com . Retrieved 2015-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Our History \| FULLBEAUTY Brands" (http://www.fbbrands.com/about-us/our-history/) . Fbbrands.com. 2014-06-20 . Retrieved 2015-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Canada, Hillary (2015-08-18). "Apax Buying Controlling Stake in FullBeauty Brands" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160202173350/http://pevc.dowjones.com/Article?an=DJFLBO0120150818eb8ilh4sj&ReturnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fpevc.dowjones.com%2fArticle%3fan%3dDJFLBO0120150818eb8ilh4sj) . Pevc.dowjones.com. Archived from the original (http://pevc.dowjones.com/Article?an=DJFLBO0120150818eb8ilh4sj&ReturnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fpevc.dowjones.com%2fArticle%3fan%3dDJFLBO0120150818eb8ilh4sj) on 2016-02-02 . Retrieved 2015-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Dunford, Thomas (2015-10-07). "The Morning Leverage: TPG Closes $2 Billion Real-Estate Fund" (https://blogs.wsj.com/privateequity/2015/10/07/the-morning-leverage-tpg-closes-2-billion-real-estate-fund/) . Retrieved 2015-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Idzelis, Christine (12 November 2015). "A Tale of Two Loan Markets" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-12/avago-s-mega-m-a-financing-sails-through-a-skittish-loan-market) . Bloomberg . Retrieved 2015-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Singh, Prachi (2024-06-19). "FullBeauty acquires US-based plus-size retailer Avenue" (https://fashionunited.in/news/business/fullbeauty-acquires-us-based-plus-size-retailer-avenue/2024061845455) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 2024-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "FULLBEAUTY BRANDS, INC. Company Profile" (http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.fullbeauty_brands_inc.8bfa01051c5be00d.html) . Hoover's (/wiki/D%26B_Hoovers) . Retrieved 2016-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lockwood, Lisa (2016-08-08). "Fullbeauty Brands Launches Ellos as Plus-Size Brand for Online and Catalogue" (http://wwd.com/business-news/retail/fullbeauty-brands-launches-ellos-as-plus-size-brand-for-online-and-catalogue-10502410/) . www.wwd.com . Retrieved 2016-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Zulch, Meg (27 December 2015). "This Holiday Clothing Ad From Full Beauty Is Ridiculously Body Positive" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/132053-this-holiday-clothing-ad-from-full-beauty-is-ridiculously-body-positive-video) . www.bustle.com . Retrieved 2016-10-11 . ^ a b Reed, Sam (13 October 2015). "Meghan Trainor Fronts Fullbeauty Brands' #Ownyourcurves Campaign" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/meghan-trainor-fronts-fullbeauty-brands-831773) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2016-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Vena, Jocelyn (March 25, 2015). "Meghan Trainor Announces Partnership with FullBeauty Brands" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6509654/meghan-trainor-partnership-fullbeauty-brands) . Billboard . Retrieved 2016-10-11 . 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Fashion event in Morocco This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caftan_Show) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Caftan_Show) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery) without imparting real information . Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. ( May 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caftan_Show) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . 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( May 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Caftan Show Caftan Show in 2013 Genre Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_show) Created by Femmes du Maroc Country of origin Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) Original languages Arabic French Production Running time Varies Production company 2M TV (/wiki/2M_TV) Morocco Original release Network 2M TV (/wiki/2M_TV) Release March 20, 2002 ( 2002-03-20 ) – present Caftan Show ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : حفل القفطان ) is a fashion (/wiki/Fashion) event in Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) for which Moroccan fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) attempt to showcase their upcoming line of Moroccan Caftans (/wiki/Kaftan) during a big competition. The Caftan Show debuts every year, particularly the Spring season. It was created by Femmes du Maroc (/wiki/Femmes_du_Maroc) and aired on 2M TV (/wiki/2M_TV) Morocco. [1] (#cite_note-oliviapalermo-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-oliviapalermo_1-0) "Morocco's 2012 Caftan Show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180505080133/http://oliviapalermo.com/moroccos-2012-caftan-show/) . Olivia Palermo . Archived from the original (http://oliviapalermo.com/moroccos-2012-caftan-show/) on 2018-05-05 . Retrieved 2018-05-04 . 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British businessman This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Achilleas_Constantinou&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Achilleas+Constantinou&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Achilleas+Constantinou) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Achilleas_Constantinou) for suggestions. ( June 2021 ) Achilleas Constantinou (born 1948) is a British businessman and the co-founder, with his late brother Aristos Constantinou (/wiki/Aristos_Constantinou) , of the Ariella fashion label. Early life [ edit ] Constantinou was born in 1948. [1] (#cite_note-1) He was educated at Arnos Secondary Modern School (/w/index.php?title=Arnos_Secondary_Modern_School&action=edit&redlink=1) , Southgate, London (/wiki/Southgate,_London) , followed by Waltham Forest Technical College (/w/index.php?title=Waltham_Forest_Technical_College&action=edit&redlink=1) , and King's College London (/wiki/King%27s_College_London) , from where he graduated with an LLB degree in Law. [2] (#cite_note-Debrett's-2) Career [ edit ] He was the co-founder, with his brother Aristos Constantinou (/wiki/Aristos_Constantinou) , of the Ariella fashion label. [3] (#cite_note-3) He took on the sole management of the business after his brother was murdered in the early hours of New Year's Day 1985 at his home in The Bishops Avenue, Hampstead (/wiki/Hampstead) , London. [4] (#cite_note-Times-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Achilleas Constantinou Profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140616004653/http://ariella.com/1967/10/achilleas-constantinou/) . ariella.com . Archived from the original (http://ariella.com/1967/10/achilleas-constantinou/) on 16 June 2014 . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Debrett's_2-0) "Achilleas CONSTANTINOU" (https://archive.today/20150411225453/http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/15721/Achilleas-CONSTANTINOU) . Debrett's People of Today . Archived from the original (http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/15721/Achilleas-CONSTANTINOU) on 11 April 2015 . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Achilleas Constantinou, Chief Executive, Ariella Fashions" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/yourbusiness/business-thinking/8056386/Achilleas-Constantinou-Chief-Executive-Ariella-Fashions.html) . www.telegraph.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-Times_4-0) "Burglary theory after wealthy businessman is shot dead." Stewart Tendler, The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , 2 January 1985, p. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Family of murdered tycoon calls for charges against widow". Ben Leach, (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3537015/Family-of-murdered-tycoon-calls-for-charges-against-widow.html) The Telegraph , 30 November 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2015. (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3537015/Family-of-murdered-tycoon-calls-for-charges-against-widow.html) This article about a British businessperson born in the 1940s is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Karvalakki) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Karvalakki" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Karvalakki%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Karvalakki%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Karvalakki%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Karvalakki%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Karvalakki%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Karvalakki%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A karvalakki ( Finnish (/wiki/Finnish_language) : fur cap ) is a cylinder (/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry)) -shaped, fur (/wiki/Fur) forage cap (/wiki/Forage_cap) -styled hat typically worn in parts of Finland (/wiki/Finland) and Russia (/wiki/Russia) . Finnish TV presenter Hannu Karpo (/wiki/Hannu_Karpo) often wore a karvalakki on his show, Karpolla on asiaa (/wiki/Karpolla_on_asiaa) . In Finnish, the expression karvalakkimalli ("fur cap model") means a bare-bones, no-frills model, meaning the cheapest and most basic model that just works and does nothing extra. The term can also be used to describe anything that is very basic. [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Papakhi (/wiki/Papakhi) This Finland (/wiki/Finland) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Annual fashion trade event Hong Kong Fashion Week for Fall/Winter is the second largest fair of its kind in the world, and the largest in Asia (/wiki/Asia) organized by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council) (HKTDC). It is held at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Convention_and_Exhibition_Centre) in January every year. The fair has been drawing buyers in big numbers for more than 40 years. In 2009, the fair featured over 1,400 exhibitors from 23 countries and regions, offering strong connections for great business opportunities and deals. It is organized by product sector to give buyers easy access to the products that suit their business, highlights include: Intimate Wear Zone, World of Fashion Accessories, Emporium de Mode, Infant & Children's Wear, Bridal & Evening Wear, Garment Mart, Fashion Gallery, Fabrics & Yarn as well as Sewing Supplies. Hong Kong Fashion Week for Fall/Winter 2018, attracted some 1400 exhibitors from 13 countries and regions, was held from 15 to 18 January 2018. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "HKTDC Hong Kong Fashion Week for Fall / Winter - Press Release" (http://m.hktdc.com/fair/hkfashionweekfw-en/s/11019-For_Press/HKTDC-Hong-Kong-Fashion-Week-for-Fall-Winter/PressRelease.html) . m.hktdc.com . Retrieved 2018-05-11 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.hktdc.com/hkfashionweekfw) http://www.cosmoworlds.com/fashion_weeks/hong_kong_fashion_week-fall_winter-10252008.htm (http://www.cosmoworlds.com/fashion_weeks/hong_kong_fashion_week-fall_winter-10252008.htm) http://english.sina.com/life/p/2009/0114/211736.html (http://english.sina.com/life/p/2009/0114/211736.html) http://www.cantontradefair.com/eventcalendar/exhibition-infor.aspx?ID=258 (http://www.cantontradefair.com/eventcalendar/exhibition-infor.aspx?ID=258) https://web.archive.org/web/20081201065355/http://www.metrocity.nl/hongkong/fashionweek/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20081201065355/http://www.metrocity.nl/hongkong/fashionweek/) Hong Kong Fashion Week for Fall / Winter 2014 (http://www.chinaexhibition.com/trade_events/3445-Hong_Kong_Fashion_Week_for_Fall_/_Winter_2014.html) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐2jk7m Cached time: 20240623132703 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.154 seconds Real time usage: 0.263 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 286/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3559/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 581/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4608/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.096/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2674828/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 252.323 1 -total 46.75% 117.964 1 Template:Short_description 41.55% 104.830 1 Template:Reflist 35.50% 89.577 1 Template:Cite_web 23.25% 58.673 2 Template:Pagetype 17.38% 43.858 4 Template:Main_other 16.20% 40.882 1 Template:SDcat 10.79% 27.233 1 Template:Official_website 1.19% 2.999 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25197550-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623132703 and revision id 1164733556. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Fashion_Week_for_Fall/Winter&oldid=1164733556 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Fashion_Week_for_Fall/Winter&oldid=1164733556) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Events in Hong Kong (/wiki/Category:Events_in_Hong_Kong) Fashion events in China (/wiki/Category:Fashion_events_in_China) Trade fairs in Hong Kong (/wiki/Category:Trade_fairs_in_Hong_Kong) Fashion weeks (/wiki/Category:Fashion_weeks) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
Australian fashion model For the South Sudanese politician, see Oyay Deng Ajak (/wiki/Oyay_Deng_Ajak) . Ajak Deng Born ( 1989-12-07 ) 7 December 1989 (age 34) Tonj (/wiki/Tonj) , South Sudan (/wiki/South_Sudan) Modeling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Hair color Black Eye color Brown Agency Chic Management (Sydney) IDAL MGMT (London) [1] (#cite_note-1) Ajak Deng (born 7 December 1989) is a South Sudanese-Australian model. Early life [ edit ] Deng was born in what is now known as South Sudan (/wiki/South_Sudan) . Her family became refugees in Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) before moving to Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) in 2005 due to the civil war in South Sudan. [2] (#cite_note-2) At the age of 11, the Australian government accepted her after her mother died of malaria. She has 7 siblings. [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] Her first international modeling jobs included an advertisement for United Colors of Benetton (/wiki/United_Colors_of_Benetton) and fashion shows for Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) , Maison Martin Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Martin_Margiela) , Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_SE) , Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , and Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_by_Marc_Jacobs) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She has also modeled for Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Levi’s (/wiki/Levi%E2%80%99s) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Gap, Inc. (/wiki/Gap,_Inc.) , Nine West (/wiki/Nine_West) , Kate Spade (/wiki/Kate_Spade) , MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) , Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) , Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) , Thom Browne (/wiki/Thom_Browne) , Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , Belstaff (/wiki/Belstaff) , Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) , Sally Hansen (/wiki/Sally_Hansen) , Thakoon (/wiki/Thakoon) , and Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Deng briefly quit modeling in 2016. [8] (#cite_note-8) She auditioned for the role of a Bond girl (/wiki/Bond_girl) but was told she was "too pretty" for it. [9] (#cite_note-9) Since 2018, she has been one of the faces of Fenty Beauty. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ajak Deng" (https://models.com/models/ajak-deng) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "South Sudanese model Ajak Deng quits fashion" (https://trueafrica.co/article/south-sudanese-model-ajak-deng-has-quit-fashion/) . TRUE Africa . 24 February 2016 . Retrieved 10 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Croffey, Amy (25 November 2017). "Former refugee to top model: Ajak Deng returns the favour" (https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/former-refugee-to-top-model-ajak-deng-returns-the-favour-20171123-gzrq6m.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Category" (https://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/model-ajak-deng-heads-for-fashion-stardom/news-story/ebcd28999f92a69579dca1c34fecb81b?sv=bb0a9c835b790eb881ddf54e7485d6ef) . Herald Sun . Retrieved 24 September 2018 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-5) Agrawal, Nadya (24 February 2016). "Ajak Deng, Sudanese-Australian Model, Quits The Fashion Industry" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/model-ajak-deng-has-quit-the-fashion-industry-because-of-racism_us_56cddeede4b041136f19045f) – via Huff Post. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Ajak Deng reveals what she thinks of Marc Jacobs - Vogue Australia" (https://www.vogue.com.au/celebrity/interviews/ajak-deng-reveals-what-she-thinks-of-marc-jacobs/news-story/119056b5835f871b93b55cee7678cb20?) . www.vogue.com.au . 3 February 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Ajak Deng Quits Modeling Due to 'Fakes' and the 'Lies' (https://www.racked.com/2016/2/24/11105640/ajak-deng-quits-modeling-racism) " (https://www.racked.com/2016/2/24/11105640/ajak-deng-quits-modeling-racism) . 24 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Ajak Deng Quits Modeling Due to "Fakes" and "Lies" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ajak-deng-quits-modeling-869385) " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ajak-deng-quits-modeling-869385) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . 24 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Aussie Model Ajak Deng Auditioned To Be A Bond Girl But Was Turned Down For A Very Flattering Reason" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190713082642/https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/ajak-deng-bond-girl-audition-15100) . Archived from the original (https://www.harpersbazaar.com.au/fashion/ajak-deng-bond-girl-audition-15100) on 13 July 2019 . Retrieved 20 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Fenty Beauty Debuts New Rosy Pink Stunna Lip Paint" (https://hypebae.com/2018/9/rihanna-fenty-beauty-stunna-lip-paint-uncuffed-rosy-mauve) . 24 September 2018. 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(Redirected from Christina Aguilera Perfumes (/w/index.php?title=Christina_Aguilera_Perfumes&redirect=no) ) Perfume brand by Christina Aguilera Christina Aguilera Fragrances Product type Perfumes Cosmetics ( body lotion (/wiki/Body_lotion) , body spray (/wiki/Body_spray) , bath gels and deodorants (/wiki/Deodorants) ) Produced by Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (2007–2016) Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) (2016–present) Country United States Introduced 2007 ; 17 years ago ( 2007 ) Markets North America Latin America Asia Europe Ambassador(s) Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) Website parfum (http://parfum.christinaaguilera.com) .christinaaguilera (http://parfum.christinaaguilera.com) .com (http://parfum.christinaaguilera.com) Christina Aguilera Fragrances is a perfume brand (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) by American singer-songwriter Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) . It was founded in 2007 in a deal with Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G), who manufactured the products until 2016, after its production and distribution rights were bought out by Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) In addition to fragrances, the brand has also worked with the production and sale of other cosmetics, including body lotions (/wiki/Body_lotion) , body sprays (/wiki/Body_spray) , bath gels, and deodorants (/wiki/Deodorant) . The line was influenced by a wide variety of flowers, exotic fruits and Aguilera's childhood in Japan. In addition to being met with positive reviews by perfume critics, the scents received numerous awards and accolades, including at the Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) and FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) . The brand's products became successful after its launch, especially in Europe, where it is referred to as the "number-one celebrity perfume line". In January 2016, its monthly gross income was $ (/wiki/American_dollar) 80 million, according Stifel (/wiki/Stifel) analysts. The fragrances also achieved popularity among celebrities and was worn by stars such as Perrie Edwards (/wiki/Perrie_Edwards) , Steve Antin (/wiki/Steve_Antin) and Aguilera herself. Background and creation [ edit ] In 2000 Aguilera signed a deal with New Dana Perfumes Corporation (NDPC) to promote, choose colors, products and packaging for Fetish cosmetics line. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand consisted of a wide variety of makeup, nail arts (/wiki/Nail_art) , shower gels (/wiki/Shower_gel) , bath oils (/wiki/Bath_oil) , body lotions (/wiki/Body_lotion) , [2] (#cite_note-2) as well three fragrances—manufactured in partnership with International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) (IFF). [3] (#cite_note-FetishLine-3) Commercialized at Sears (/wiki/Sears) and Walgreens (/wiki/Walgreens) stores, [4] (#cite_note-FetishQuits-4) the brand's slogan referenced the title of her Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) number-one single " What a Girl Wants (/wiki/What_a_Girl_Wants_(Christina_Aguilera_song)) ". [3] (#cite_note-FetishLine-3) NDPC's executives expected to increase the company's wholesales in $ (/wiki/American_dollar) 50 million with the release of Fetish line in 2001, [3] (#cite_note-FetishLine-3) and it was promoted with a strong advertising in the leading teen magazines, including Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(American_magazine)) , Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) and YM (/wiki/YM_(magazine)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Aguilera discussed about endorsing the products, stating "I am a lover of fashion and playing with makeup, and I want to have a big say in this [...] I am always checking out products. I can bring these amazing trends around the world to teens. I get to give back in my own way". [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDominguez2003152-6) However, in 2002, she did not renewed her contract with the corporation, aiming "new directions" in beauty business, and the brand was discontinued. [4] (#cite_note-FetishQuits-4) Aguilera returned to the fragrance industry in 2004; she signed a contract with the Greek manufacturer Sarantis, releasing three distinctive scents as part of the Xpose line. [7] (#cite_note-7) The brand was sold in selected European countries only and was promoted with television advertisements. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorth201598-8) Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) reported that the perfumes line "garnered international success" in terms of sales. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2007, Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) announced a long-term licensing deal from Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G) to create the Christina Aguilera Fragrances. [10] (#cite_note-10) Heike Hindenlang, company's global marketing director, commented about the partnership with Aguilera, adding "She sends out a clear message and clear connection with fans. She tries to empower her fans, particularly women, to get out of difficult situations. Christina is also omnipresent in the media". [11] (#cite_note-11) Aguilera revealed that her debut scent under the line would be released in the same year, and explained her team up with the corporation: "I love trying new things in my music and in fashion. To have a perfume of my own is the beginning of an exciting adventure. P&G is the ideal partner for this new experience". [12] (#cite_note-12) Products [ edit ] Conception [ edit ] In addition to fragrances, the line manufactures body lotions (/wiki/Body_lotion) , body sprays (/wiki/Body_spray) , bath gels, and deodorants (/wiki/Deodorant) , [13] (#cite_note-Touch-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) and the smell of the products has been influenced by Aguilera's mother and son, her childhood in Japan and a wide variety of flowers and exotic fruits. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) During an interview with Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , she recalled that her mother used to wear the Poison (/wiki/Poison_(perfume)) perfume by Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) , which she credits to be where got her "taste for musky [and] sensual scents", [17] (#cite_note-BeautySecrets-17) adding: "One of the strongest memories I have as a child is my mom doing her makeup at her vanity. I would always want to spray her fragrance on me — I can still remember the smell. I love the idea of sharing something so personal with my fans". [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) While developing the brands's debut fragrance, Aguilera declared that it embodied "everything that makes [her] smile and relax, like tuberose candles", mixing it with "musky tones" as additional inspiration from male colognes. [19] (#cite_note-BodyImage-19) Her son, Max, also served as a "big inspiration", as she describes his energy as "contagious and positive", which inspired a "more colourful direction" at her work both in music and in the cosmetic industry (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) . [20] (#cite_note-FlareInterview-20) Aguilera also worked with a range of flowers to produce the smell of her perfume line. Due to its "eternal and unmistakable symbol of womanhood", she choose magnolia (/wiki/Magnolia) to develop her fragrances, stating: "[It] is one of the oldest flowers in existence. The fresh, lush scent empowers inner femininity while soft, velvety petals feel like a caressing touch on the skin". [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) Jasmine (/wiki/Jasmine) was also chosen for the creation process, which she described as "synonymous [with] Old Hollywood glamour". [21] (#cite_note-Informations-21) Other of her favorite petals to create new scents includes tuberose (/wiki/Tuberose) , gardenia (/wiki/Gardenia) , freesia (/wiki/Freesia) , rose (/wiki/Rose) and Valencia orange (/wiki/Valencia_orange) flower. [22] (#cite_note-Inspire-22) Royal Desire was primarily inspired by Aguilera's childhood in Japan and contains traditional ingredients, as well as the country's exotic fruits such as yuzu (/wiki/Yuzu) , mandarin (/wiki/Mandarin_orange) and honeysuckle (/wiki/Honeysuckle) . [23] (#cite_note-GlamourBest-23) Other of her portfolio's fragrances, Red Sin , references her signature color and to its composition was included some of her favorite scents like red apple (/wiki/Apple) and cinnamon (/wiki/Cinnamon) . [19] (#cite_note-BodyImage-19) Packing and scents [ edit ] Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) wearing the black lace dress in Go West, Young Man (/wiki/Go_West,_Young_Man_(1936_film)) (1936). The design inspired the bottle of the line's debut fragrance. The scents have been known for their curvy bottle design, which emphasize Aguilera's hourglass figure, as well the covered lace on top inspired by her "love of vintage glamour". [24] (#cite_note-Sinful-24) [21] (#cite_note-Informations-21) For the bottle of the line's debut fragrance, a black lace was designed to provide a "distinctly feminine feel", [21] (#cite_note-Informations-21) developed as a reference to the "legendary dress" created to Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) by French designer Marcel Rochas (/wiki/Marcel_Rochas) . [25] (#cite_note-25) In other one-off releases, the covered lace has been replaced by a coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms) featuring a small mirror filled with flowers. [26] (#cite_note-26) However, the Inspire perfume was projected in a different aesthetic from other products; created on a "classic teardrop shape", it features a "silver disk-like top detailed with red crystals". [20] (#cite_note-FlareInterview-20) Hilary Howard, columnist for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , analyzed the brand's bottles and called it "charmed", in addition to noting that each flask of the Royal Desire scent "comes with a silver charm that can be worn on as necklace or bracelet". [27] (#cite_note-27) Aguilera's fragrances generally contain base notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) of sandalwood (/wiki/Sandalwood) , musk (/wiki/Musk) and vanilla (/wiki/Vanilla) in their composition, in addition to being combined with a wide range of flowers and exotic fruits. [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Inspire was developed as a "mix of fruity mango and citrus top notes with a hint of freesia", [30] (#cite_note-30) while By Night combines tangerine (/wiki/Tangerine) , red apple, peach (/wiki/Peach) and May blossom (/wiki/May_blossom) . Royal Desire , called an "oriental scent with notes like yuzu and lily", [31] (#cite_note-SweetScent-31) also mixes marshmallow (/wiki/Marshmallow) , mandarin and blackberry (/wiki/Blackberry) . [32] (#cite_note-32) Embodying "sensuality and true confidence", Secret Potion has top notes (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) of passion fruit (/wiki/Passion_fruit) , lemon and mandarin, merged with lotus (/wiki/Lotus_flower) , jasmine and tonka bean (/wiki/Tonka_bean) . [33] (#cite_note-33) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) magazine described Red Sin as a "glorification of womanhood with the provocative symbolism of red", and emphasized the use of red ginger (/wiki/Red_ginger) , cinnamon and cyclamen (/wiki/Cyclamen) flowers in its creation process. [24] (#cite_note-Sinful-24) Called "irresistible [and] glamorous", the Unforgettable fragrance "starts with smells of cashmere, vanilla and tonka at its base, adds night-blooming jasmine and Turkish rose", and is "finished with the scents of plum and pomegranate". [34] (#cite_note-34) Touch of Seduction combines lychee (/wiki/Lychee) , raspberry (/wiki/Raspberry) , orris honeysuckle and sugared rose, [13] (#cite_note-Touch-13) while Glam X was created as "one exotic blend of delicate florals, spicy star anise (/wiki/Star_anise) and warm musks", including caramelized peach (/wiki/Peach) , jasmine and lily of the valley (/wiki/Lily_of_the_valley) . [35] (#cite_note-35) The smell of the Definition fragrance features bergamot orange (/wiki/Bergamot_orange) , mandarin diamond orchid (/wiki/Chiloglottis_trapeziformis) and has as base notes heliotrope (/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)) and amber (/wiki/Amber) . [36] (#cite_note-36) The Moonlight Bloom scent is the result of a mix of blackcurrant (/wiki/Blackcurrant) , dahlia (/wiki/Dahlia) , narcissus (/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)) and dark ambrette seed (/wiki/Ambrette_seed) . [37] (#cite_note-37) Discussing about her perfume brand, Aguilera described each of her scents, the message, and purpose of its products to femininity and self-confidence: Each fragrance evokes a different emotion and mindset, and they reflect scents I personally love. I hope the scents inspires women to become the best versions of themselves [...] My fragrances always have the message of taking pride in who you are as a woman, which to me represents inner femininity. A woman embodies pride and empowerment. The bright, fruity scent provides a powerful start to instill self-confidence. This is a unique attribute women have [and] fragrance is a one-size-fits-all type of product, and I love that it smells a little different on each person. It's also a fast and easy way to feel sexy. [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) Line [ edit ] Name Year Ref. Christina Aguilera 2007 [38] (#cite_note-38) Inspire 2008 [39] (#cite_note-39) By Night 2009 [40] (#cite_note-40) Royal Desire 2010 [41] (#cite_note-41) Secret Potion 2011 [42] (#cite_note-42) Red Sin 2012 [43] (#cite_note-43) Unforgettable 2013 [44] (#cite_note-44) Woman 2014 [45] (#cite_note-Woman-45) Touch of Seduction 2015 [13] (#cite_note-Touch-13) Glam X 2017 [46] (#cite_note-46) Definition 2017 [47] (#cite_note-DefinitionAd-47) Violet Noir 2018 [48] (#cite_note-48) Xperience 2019 [49] (#cite_note-49) Eau So Beautiful 2020 [50] (#cite_note-EauSoBeautiful-50) Moonlight Bloom 2021 [51] (#cite_note-Bodysuit-51) Cherry Noir 2022 [52] (#cite_note-52) Xtina 2023 [53] (#cite_note-53) Promotion [ edit ] Scene from the television advertising for brand's debut fragrance. A black lace covers Aguilera's skin as she applies the perfume, referencing the product's bottle. Aguilera has worked with many promotional strategies linked to her scent's line, in addition to wear the perfumes herself, especially when making public appearances. [18] (#cite_note-EachFragrance-18) [17] (#cite_note-BeautySecrets-17) In 2007, Aguilera starred in a television advertising for the brand's debut fragrance in which she strips down while choose a new outfit in the closet; [54] (#cite_note-54) posteriorly, a black lace covers her skin as she apply the scent. [55] (#cite_note-55) Launched in 2009, By Night product's exclusive commercial shows "Christina working it for the cameras in a seriously sexy lace dress and vampish make-up, as she gets ready for a night out in her boudoir". [56] (#cite_note-56) Both fragrances were also featured in a scene from " Not Myself Tonight (/wiki/Not_Myself_Tonight) " music video, directed by Hype Williams (/wiki/Hype_Williams) , released as lead single (/wiki/Lead_single) for Aguilera's sixth studio album, Bionic (/wiki/Bionic_(Christina_Aguilera_album)) (2010). [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommane202022-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) In 2008, Aguilera chose David LaChapelle (/wiki/David_LaChapelle) as director for the Inspire scent's advertising campaign, due to its photography "full of life, colour, provocative imagery, and excitement". During an interview with Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) magazine, she revealed the idea behind the shoot which concept was "inspired by a lot of 1960s pop art", and artists such as Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) and Roy Lichtenstein (/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein) . [20] (#cite_note-FlareInterview-20) To promote Royal Desire fragrance, its television commercial features Aguilera "standing in a royal chamber, when she notices a gift sitting on her throne [and] bends down to pick the perfume's package". [59] (#cite_note-59) However, the advertising was criticized in the media and dubbed as a "low-budget soft porn", as she "[displayed] her cleavage to the camera" to sprays the perfume on her decolletage. [60] (#cite_note-60) Directed by Matthew Rolston (/wiki/Matthew_Rolston) in 2011, [61] (#cite_note-61) Secret Potion scent's television advertising shows Aguilera riding a "elevator to a penthouse party", while her "stunning grey frock is just too drab for such a well-attended bash", she decides to spray the perfume to create a "form-fitting dress covered in sparkles". [62] (#cite_note-62) In the following year, Red Sin fragrance's advertising campaign was launched and features "Aguilera rolling around in her bedsheets [and] then naked in a bath tub". [63] (#cite_note-63) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) columnist Gregory DelliCarpini, Jr. compared her image in the television commercial with that of Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) . [24] (#cite_note-Sinful-24) Definition perfume's promotional video follows a "Trump-esque gilded hall, as Aguilera struts into the lavishly decorated room in a pastel pink silky hip-length coat [while] the wind blowing her platinum locks". [47] (#cite_note-DefinitionAd-47) During Moonlight Bloom scent's exclusive commercial, she was presented on a "lace-up dark blue vest with a par of figure-hugging leather pants" while "pulled of a variety of poses under some sheer fabric". [51] (#cite_note-Bodysuit-51) In 2022, the promotional video received a nomination in the "Public's Choice: Commercial Advertisement" category at the Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) . [64] (#cite_note-Duftstars22-64) Aguilera's fragrances were also supported by presential events. In addition to promoted autograph sessions during its scents launch ceremonies in Germany and in the United States, [65] (#cite_note-HeraldSquare-65) [66] (#cite_note-66) thousands of hangers featuring the brand's logo was scattered across Israel's main streets as part of a guerrilla marketing (/wiki/Guerrilla_marketing) . [67] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaucet201553-67) Throughout the years, the perfumes portfolio have appeared as indications in Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) , [68] (#cite_note-68) Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , [69] (#cite_note-69) Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , [70] (#cite_note-70) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , [23] (#cite_note-GlamourBest-23) and Seventeen (/wiki/Seventeen_(American_magazine)) beauty magazine issues. [71] (#cite_note-71) The line also received media attention after its products were revealed as the favorite fragrances of celebrities such as Perrie Edwards (/wiki/Perrie_Edwards) and Steve Antin (/wiki/Steve_Antin) . [72] (#cite_note-72) [73] (#cite_note-73) Reception [ edit ] Critical response [ edit ] Aguilera's perfume brand was received with generally positive reviews by critics. In a review of its debut self-titled scent, Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) magazine editors opined that "while it's everything you'd expect from a typical celebrity fragrance [...], it's not overpowering or cloying and is, dare we say it, pretty damn sensual". [74] (#cite_note-74) Writing for Yahoo! Beauty (/wiki/Yahoo!_Beauty) , Lauren Carbran shared the same point of view, describing it as "sweet and a little saucy, [puts] you centre-stage wherever you are", in addition to recommending it to "lavish affairs to experience its magic in full force". [75] (#cite_note-YahooBeauty-75) In a review for Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) magazine, Emily Hebert named By Night among the best new scents of 2010 fall, highlighting its "heady vanilla, amber, peach, and May blossom". [76] (#cite_note-76) In the same year, Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) reviewers named Royal Desire as one of the best perfumes for winter due to its "oriental notes [...] making it warm and heady – perfect for winter nights". [77] (#cite_note-77) Melissa Magsaysay, author from Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , also praised Royal Desire fragrance, calling it an "oriental scent with notes like yuzu and lily". Magsaysay opined that the "standout element [of the perfume] is a top note of sugary sweet marshmallow that's very much heightened by honeysuckle and black currant". [31] (#cite_note-SweetScent-31) In December 2011, editors from Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Russia ranked Secret Potin among the best perfumes of the month, writing that "Aguilera reveals old secrets with pleasure [...] the aroma of self-confidence, the smell of a woman who is aware of her strength". [78] (#cite_note-78) At Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) , which assigns a standard score (/wiki/Standard_score) rating out of five stars to reviews from users critics, Unforgettable fragrance received four stars, whose written avaliation called it "a luscious mix of woods, vanilla, light florals and fruity notes", in addition to recognize it as "sweet, but not sugary sweet [...] it's [not] cloying either". [79] (#cite_note-79) Irina Kuzmicheva, writer of Elle Russia, described Touch of Seduction as a scent "designed for seduction", highlighting in its composition three aphrodisiacs such as rose, vanilla and musk. Kuzmicheva also noted that it follows the same base from other Aguilera's fragrances, with notes of "sandalwood [...] that leaves a gentle velvety sensation". [80] (#cite_note-80) In a less optimistic review, Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia_(magazine)) magazine columnist Liz Spikol commented about Woman scent, opining that it "radiates Central Pennsylvania holiday shopping excursions", although she recognized it was not "overwhelming". [45] (#cite_note-Woman-45) Accolades [ edit ] In addition to being met with positive reviews by perfume critics, the brand has received numerous awards and nominations. Presented by The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) , it was honoured throughout the years at the Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) [81] (#cite_note-Duftstars0818-81) and FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) —whose ceremony has been dubbed in the media as "the Oscars of fragrances industry". [82] (#cite_note-82) [83] (#cite_note-83) In 2011, Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) magazine editors prized one of the brand's perfumes at their annual event gala, the Glammy Beauty Awards (/wiki/Glamour_Awards) . [84] (#cite_note-Glammy-84) Due to its popularity in Russia, some of portfolio's fragrances was awarded in 'Best of Beauty' ceremonies by Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) and Glamour periodical issues. [85] (#cite_note-RussianAllure-85) [86] (#cite_note-RussianGlamour-86) Furthermore, the line's debut scent was ranked among the best celebrity women's perfumes of all time by Evening Standard (/wiki/Evening_Standard) and Yahoo! (/wiki/Yahoo!) . [87] (#cite_note-87) [75] (#cite_note-YahooBeauty-75) In 2012, Stylist (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) magazine named Royal Desire as one of the eight credible celebrity fragrances. [88] (#cite_note-88) Complete list of awards and nominations received by Christina Aguilera Fragrances Year Ceremony Recipient Category Result Ref. 2013 Allure Best of Beauty Awards (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) Red Sin Best Celebrity Fragrance Won [85] (#cite_note-RussianAllure-85) 2014 Unforgettable Won [89] (#cite_note-89) 2008 Basenotes Fragrance Awards (/wiki/Basenotes#The_Basenotes_Fragrance_Awards) Christina Aguilera Best Celebrity Fragrance for Women Nominated [90] (#cite_note-90) 2011 CEW Beauty Awards Christina Aguilera Women's Scent Mass Won [91] (#cite_note-91) 2012 Royal Desire Won [92] (#cite_note-92) 2009 CEW UK Beauty Awards Inspire Women's Celebrity Fragrance Nominated [93] (#cite_note-93) 2009 Cosmopolitan Beauty Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)#Awards_and_features) (Finland) Best Female Fragrance Won [94] (#cite_note-94) [95] (#cite_note-95) Cosmopolitan Beauty Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)#Awards_and_features) (Sweden) Won [96] (#cite_note-96) Cosmopolitan Fragrance Awards (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)#Awards_and_features) Best Celebrity Fragrance for Women Won [97] (#cite_note-97) 2008 Duftstars Awards (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) [a] (#cite_note-100) Christina Aguilera Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [100] (#cite_note-101) Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won 2010 By Night Won [81] (#cite_note-Duftstars0818-81) 2011 Royal Desire Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [101] (#cite_note-102) 2013 Red Sin Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [102] (#cite_note-103) Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won 2014 Unforgettable Won [103] (#cite_note-104) Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won 2015 Woman Nominated [104] (#cite_note-105) 2016 Touch of Seduction Nominated [105] (#cite_note-106) 2017 Glam X Public's Choice: Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Nominated [106] (#cite_note-107) 2018 Definition Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Nominated [107] (#cite_note-108) 2020 Xperience Nominated [108] (#cite_note-109) 2021 Eau So Beautiful Nominated [50] (#cite_note-EauSoBeautiful-50) 2022 Moonlight Bloom Nominated [64] (#cite_note-Duftstars22-64) Public's Choice: Commercial Advertisement Nominated 2009 FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) (Russia) By Night Lifestyle Fragrance – Women Won [109] (#cite_note-110) 2013 Unforgettable Lifestyle Fragrance – Celebrity Won [110] (#cite_note-111) 2008 FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) (United Kingdom) Christina Aguilera Public's Choice: Favorite Celebrity Fragrance Won [111] (#cite_note-112) 2009 Inspire Favorite New Prestige Fragrance for Women Nominated [112] (#cite_note-113) 2011 FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) (United States) Christina Aguilera Women's Broad Appeal Fragrance Nominated [113] (#cite_note-114) By Night Nominated 2012 Royal Desire Nominated [114] (#cite_note-115) Packaging of the Year – Women's Broad Appeal Nominated [115] (#cite_note-116) 2013 Red Sin Fragrance of the Year – Women's Popular Nominated [116] (#cite_note-117) 2011 GLAMMY Beauty Awards (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Royal Desire Basic Perfume Won [84] (#cite_note-Glammy-84) 2013 Glamour Best of Beauty Awards (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) Red Sin Celebrity Perfume Won [117] (#cite_note-118) 2014 Unforgettable Won [86] (#cite_note-RussianGlamour-86) 2013 Joy Trend Awards (/wiki/Joy_(magazine)) Red Sin Best Lifestyle Perfume Won [118] (#cite_note-119) 2014 Unforgettable Won [119] (#cite_note-120) 2012 PopCrush Awards (/wiki/PopCrush) Red Sin Best Perfume Nominated [120] (#cite_note-121) Commercial performance [ edit ] The brand is sold in North America, Latin America, Asia and Europe—market of which it is commonly referred to as the "number-one celebrity fragrance brand". [22] (#cite_note-Inspire-22) [121] (#cite_note-122) [122] (#cite_note-123) From the start of scent's line distribution, its products proved to be a commercial success. In its debut year at stores, Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) (P&G) executives estimated that the brand could do $ (/wiki/American_dollar) 50 million wholesale sales worldwide, with $20 million coming from the United States alone. [22] (#cite_note-Inspire-22) After its production and distribution rights been bought out by Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) , was reported that the fragrance line had $80 million in sales in January 2016 according to Stifel (/wiki/Stifel) analyst Mark Astrachan. [123] (#cite_note-124) In 2007, according to The Perfume Shop (/wiki/The_Perfume_Shop) managing director Jeremy Seigal, Aguilera's debut fragrance was among the top five best-selling scents in its stores in the United Kingdom and Ireland. [124] (#cite_note-125) In the same year, according to reports from Superdrug (/wiki/Superdrug) 's stores, it was the second and third celebrity fragrance most commercialized in the countries in 2007 and 2008, respectively. [125] (#cite_note-126) [126] (#cite_note-127) In general distributions, its perfumes were ranked among the United Kingdom best-sellers in 2007, 2009, and 2010. [127] (#cite_note-128) [128] (#cite_note-129) [129] (#cite_note-130) In 2008, Aguilera attended a promotional event for its scents line at the Macy's Herald Square (/wiki/Macy%27s_Herald_Square) , attracting over $50,000 in sales that weekend alone. [130] (#cite_note-131) The brand's parent company, Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) , filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code) in June 2022, and eventually emerged from it in early 2023. [131] (#cite_note-132) See also [ edit ] List of celebrity-branded perfumes (/wiki/List_of_celebrity-branded_perfumes) Truth or Dare by Madonna (/wiki/Truth_or_Dare_by_Madonna) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-100) Duftstars Awards are a German version of the FiFi Awards (/wiki/FiFi_Awards) , both presented by The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) . [98] (#cite_note-98) [99] (#cite_note-99) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Meghan DeMaria (January 6, 2017). "15 Celebrities You Never Knew Were In Beauty Ads" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220909115346/https://sg.style.yahoo.com/15-celebrities-never-knew-were-194500348.html) . Yahoo! Style (/wiki/Yahoo!_Style) . Archived from the original (https://sg.style.yahoo.com/15-celebrities-never-knew-were-194500348.html) on September 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Curtis Waller (July 14, 2000). "Christina Aguilera Shares Her Fetish" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220813092602/https://www.mtv.com/news/vsku9f/christina-aguilera-shares-her-fetish) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (https://www.mtv.com/news/vsku9f/christina-aguilera-shares-her-fetish) on August 13, 2022 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Laura Klepacki (June 30, 2000). "What Fetish Needs: Aguilera" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1196369/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Laura Klepacki (January 11, 2002). "Aguilera, Fetish Call It Quits" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/aguilera-fetish-call-it-quits-1174367/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "New Dana Teams Up with Christina Aguilera" (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/New+Dana+teams+up+with+Christina+Aguilera-a076587005) . The Free Library (/wiki/The_Free_Library) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDominguez2003152_6-0) Dominguez 2003 (#CITEREFDominguez2003) , p. 152. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Grant Osborne (January 12, 2007). "Christina Aguilera Signs New Fragrance Deal with Procter & Gamble" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081204234222/http://www.basenotes.net/industry_news/20070112aguilera.html) . Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) . Archived from the original (http://www.basenotes.net/industry_news/20070112aguilera.html) on December 4, 2008 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorth201598_8-0) Worth 2015 (#CITEREFWorth2015) , p. 98. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Aguilera Poised to Launch New Perfume" (https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30361457.html) . Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) . May 10, 2008 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Jennifer Weil (January 11, 2007). "Procter & Gamble to Team Up with Christina Aguilera in Fragrance Deal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210125195428/https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/procter-gamble-to-team-up-with-christina-aguilera-in-fragrance-deal-1037814/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived from the original (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/procter-gamble-to-team-up-with-christina-aguilera-in-fragrance-deal-1037814/) on January 25, 2021 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Jennifer Weil (January 12, 2007). "Aguilera and P&G Sign Fragrance Deal" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/aguilera-p-g-sign-fragrance-deal-510809/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Eau de Christina" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161206050310/https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Eau-de-Christina-104617) . PopCrush (/wiki/PopCrush) . Archived from the original (https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Eau-de-Christina-104617) on December 6, 2016 . Retrieved August 29, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Grant Osborne (November 17, 2015). "Christina Aguilera Adds a Touch of Seduction to Her Fragrance Line" (https://basenotes.com/articles/christina-aguilera-adds-a-touch-of-seduction-to-her-fragrance-line.3221/) . Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Christina Aguilera Fragrances Products: Shop" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110107044416/http://www.sonymusicdigital.com/christina-aguilera/features/5492812) . Sony Music (/wiki/Sony_Music) . Archived from the original (http://www.sonymusicdigital.com/christina-aguilera/features/5492812) on January 7, 2011 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Kristy Kelly (December 22, 2010). "Aguilera's Mother 'Inspired' Perfume" (https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a294569/aguileras-mother-inspired-perfume/) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Retrieved September 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Christina Aguilera: Royal Desire Fragrance" (https://www.nwitimes.com/lifestyles/image_f74bdef0-688e-5193-a7c1-ee3b48fa3482.html) . The Times of Northwest Indiana (/wiki/The_Times_of_Northwest_Indiana) . September 15, 2011 . Retrieved September 6, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Courtney Dunlop (October 8, 2010). "Christina Aguilera's Beauty Secrets" (https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a5498/christina-aguilera-beauty-secrets/) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Retrieved September 6, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Maria Del Russo (May 11, 2015). "Christina Aguilera Fragrance Interview" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/christina-aguilera-fragrance-interview) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Retrieved July 1, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ashley Terrill (December 20, 2012). "Christina Aguilera Talks Scents, Body Image, and the Holidays" (https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/a22546/christina-aguilera-interview/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved September 6, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Flare Staff (November 10, 2008). "Christina Aguilera: Pop Princess Talks About New Fragrance" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220909115358/https://www.flare.com/celebrity/christina-aguilera/) . Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.flare.com/celebrity/christina-aguilera/) on September 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Matthew Curlewis (March 1, 2019). "Christina Aguilera Fragrances, PUMA, Bruno Banani" (https://www.behance.net/gallery/76506223/Christina-Aguilera-PUMA-Bruno-Banani-3-Fragrances) . Behance (/wiki/Behance) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Stephanie Epiro (May 23, 2008). "P&G Hopes Aguilera Will 'Inspire' Its Fragrance Fortunes" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/p-g-hopes-aguilera-will-inspire-its-fragrance-fortunes-1556271/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Louise O'Connell (October 4, 2010). "Best Celebrity Perfumes" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/best-celebrity-perfumes-2017) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . Retrieved September 6, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Gregory DelliCarpini Jr. (October 4, 2012). "Christina Aguilera Shows Skin in Sinful Fragrance Ad" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/christina-aguilera-shows-skin-in-sinful-fragrance-ad-474805/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Tamar Anitai (October 2, 2007). "Smell Like Christina Aguilera" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220909120850/https://www.mtv.com/news/es39v0/smell-like-christina-aguilera) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (https://www.mtv.com/news/es39v0/smell-like-christina-aguilera) on September 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Nadine Cheung (September 30, 2011). "Christina Aguilera Releases 'Secret Potion' Fragrance Commercial" (https://popcrush.com/christina-aguilera-secret-potion-fragrance-commercial/) . PopCrush (/wiki/PopCrush) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Hilary Howard (November 10, 2011). "Celebrity Fragrances: Beauty Spots" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/10/fashion/beauty-spots-celebrity-fragrances.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Teen Vogue Staff (January 18, 2013). "Christina Aguilera Talks Fragrance and Finding Self Confidence" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/christina-aguilera-red-sin) . Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Ning Chao (September 26, 2008). "Scentual Attraction" (https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a2053/perfume-attraction-smell-fragrance/) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Hello! Staff (September 25, 2008). "Christina Is Ready to Inspire" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220818094613/https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/skincare-and-fragrances/20080925721/christina/aguilera/inspire/) . Hello! (/wiki/Hello!_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/skincare-and-fragrances/20080925721/christina/aguilera/inspire/) on August 18, 2022 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Melissa Magsaysay (June 15, 2011). "Christina Aguilera Launches a Super Sweet New Scent" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/all-the-rage/story/2011-06-15/christina-aguilera-launches-a-super-sweet-new-scent) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved August 11, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Cristin Maher (July 13, 2011). "Christina Aguilera Launches 'Royal Desire' Fragrance" (https://popcrush.com/christina-aguilera-royal-desire-fragrance/) . PopCrush (/wiki/PopCrush) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Glamour Staff (August 20, 2012). "Famous Fragrance Frenzy: Christina Aguilera Secret Potion" (https://www.glamour.co.za/beauty/famous-fragrance-frenzy-christina-aguilera-secret-potion-17165878) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Parry Ernsberger (October 18, 2018). "Christina Aguilera Reveals Unforgettable Fragrance Ad and Full Commercial" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220909120850/https://www.mtv.com/news/vgwpk3/christina-aguilera-unforgettable) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (https://www.mtv.com/news/vgwpk3/christina-aguilera-unforgettable) on September 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Victoria Moorhouse (June 13, 2017). "Christina Aguilera on Fragrance and Vintage Beauty Trends" (https://www.instyle.com/beauty/christina-aguilera-fragrance-interview) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Christina Aguilera: Definition Perfume Notes" (https://basenotes.com/fragrances/definition-by-christina-aguilera.26184119) . Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Duften Wie Die Stars: Die Faszinierende Welt Der..." (https://web.archive.org/web/20220625003742/https://www.duftstars.de/magazinebeitraege/duften-wie-die-stars---die-faszinierende-welt-der-celebrity-parfums/) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) . Archived from the original (https://www.duftstars.de/magazinebeitraege/duften-wie-die-stars---die-faszinierende-welt-der-celebrity-parfums/) on June 25, 2022 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) NME Staff (May 9, 2007). "Christina Aguilera to Launch Fragrance" (https://www.nme.com/news/music/christina-aguilera-26-1347110) . NME (/wiki/NME) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Matthew W. Evans (September 2, 2008). "Christina Aguilera Takes a Bow at Herald Square" (https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/christina-aguilera-takes-a-bow-at-herald-square-1733658/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Christina Aguilera: 'I Feel Sexiest When I'm Naked' (https://www.independent.ie/woman/celeb-news/christina-aguilera-i-feel-sexiest-when-im-naked-26573667.html) " (https://www.independent.ie/woman/celeb-news/christina-aguilera-i-feel-sexiest-when-im-naked-26573667.html) . Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) . October 14, 2009 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Stephanie Hirschmiller (December 14, 2010). "Christina Aguilera Talks to Bazaar" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/people-parties/news/a4489/christina-aguilera-talks-to-bazaar/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Jenna Hally (September 30, 2011). "Christina Aguilera's Fragrance 'Secret Potion' Smells Delish AND Bedazzles Your Dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220909115349/https://www.mtv.com/news/3irdyo/christina-aguilera-secret-potion-commercial) . MTV News (/wiki/MTV_News) . Archived from the original (https://www.mtv.com/news/3irdyo/christina-aguilera-secret-potion-commercial) on September 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Christina Aguilera, La Que Faltaba" (https://www.eleconomista.es/status/noticias/4297695/10/12/Christina-Aguilera-la-que-faltaba.html) (in Spanish). El Economista (/wiki/El_Economista_(Spain)) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Rebecca Macatee (October 15, 2013). "Christina Aguilera Feels Seductive in Tight White Dress" (https://www.eonline.com/news/470469/christina-aguilera-feels-sexy-seductive-in-curve-hugging-white-dress) . E! Online (/wiki/E!_Online) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Liz Spikol (December 5, 2014). "I Am Woman, Smell Me Roar: What Happens When You Wear Christina Aguilera's New Perfume For Three Days" (https://www.phillymag.com/shoppist/2014/12/05/i-am-woman-smell-me-roar-what-happens-when-you-wear-christina-aguileras-new-perfume-for-three-days/) . Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia_(magazine)) . Retrieved August 11, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Victoria Moorhouse (June 13, 2017). "Christina Aguilera Wants This Vintage Hair Trend to Make a Big Comeback" (https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/christina-aguilera-wants-vintage-hair-130000250.html) . Yahoo! News (/wiki/Yahoo!_News) . Retrieved August 17, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Allison Stubblebine (October 4, 2017). "Christina Aguilera's New Perfume, Defition: Watch the Ad" (https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/christina-aguilera-perfume-ad-definition-7988853/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . 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Archived from the original (http://popcrush.com/justin-bieber-leads-2014-popcrush-fan-choice-awards/) on January 29, 2014 . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-122) "Elizabeth Arden, Inc. Announces Agreement to Acquire the Christina Aguilera Fragrance Brand" (https://www.prnewswire.com/ru/press-releases/elizabeth-arden-inc-announces-agreement-to-acquire-the-christina-aguilera-fragrance-brands-579143881.html) (Press release). PR Newswire (/wiki/PR_Newswire) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-123) Allison Stubblebine (October 4, 2017). "Christina Aguilera's New Perfume, Definition: Watch the Ad" (https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/christina-aguilera-perfume-ad-definition-7988853/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-124) Allison Collins (May 12, 2016). "Elizabeth Arden to Buy Christina Aguilera Fragrance Business" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/elizabeth-arden-buy-christina-aguilera-fragrance-business-10429525/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-125) Stephanie Epiro (December 14, 2007). "P&G's Bid for Youth with Aguilera" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/fragrance/p-g-s-bid-for-youth-with-aguilera-replay-473195/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-126) "Jordan 'Queen' of Celebrity Scents" (https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30340814.html) . Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) . December 16, 2007 . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-127) Louise McBride (November 2, 2008). "Irish Shoppers Prefer the Scent of Britney to Kylie" (https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/irish-shoppers-prefer-the-scent-of-britney-to-kylie-26489932.html) . Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-128) RCA Staff (December 19, 2007). "Christina Aguilera Tops Fragrance Charts" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080109000818/http://www.rcalabelgroup.co.uk/news/8020/) . RCA/Jive Label Group (/wiki/RCA/Jive_Label_Group) . Archived from the original (http://www.rcalabelgroup.co.uk/news/8020/) on January 9, 2008 . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-129) Vogue Staff (January 15, 2010). "All Star Perfume" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171107175634/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/all-star-perfumes) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/all-star-perfumes) on November 7, 2017 . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-130) Denise Winterman (July 1, 2010). "Eau de Bruce – What Does Die Hard Smell Like?" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8772076.stm) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-131) Sharon Clott (September 3, 2008). "Christina Aguilera Sells $50K Worth of Fragrance at Macy's" (https://www.thecut.com/2008/09/christina_aguilera_sells_50k_w.html) . The Cut (/wiki/The_Cut_(website)) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-132) Kathryn Hopkins (May 2, 2023). "Can Revlon Regain Relevance as It Exits Bankruptcy" (https://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/revlon-bankruptcy-exit-ronald-perelman-relevance-beauty-1235637249/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved August 24, 2023 . Sources [ edit ] Dominguez, Pier (2003). Christina Aguilera: A Star is Made: The Unauthorized Biography . Amber Communications Group, Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-970-222-459 . Worth, Robert (2015). Christina Aguilera: Pop Singer . Enslow Publishing (/wiki/Enslow_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-76-607198-8 . Commane, Gemma (2020). Bad Girls, Dirty Bodies: Sex, Performance and Safe Femininity . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-35-011735-8 . Saucet, Marcel (2015). Street Marketing: The Future of Guerrilla Marketing and Buzz . ABC-Clio (/wiki/ABC-Clio) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-44-083839-2 . 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Fantasy-based Chinese costumes inspired by ancient Chinese clothing Guzhuang An example of guzhuang, a fantasy-based costume inspired by ancient Chinese clothing which shows historical inaccuracies. Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 古装 Literal meaning Ancient costume Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Gǔzhuāng Guzhuang ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 古装 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : gǔzhuāng ; lit. 'ancient costume'), also called ancient-style dress , [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 189 refers to a style of Chinese costume attire which are styled or inspired by ancient Chinese clothing (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) (typically Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) or Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) ). [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) [3] (#cite_note-:12-3) Guzhuang is typically used as stage clothes (/wiki/Stage_clothes) in Chinese opera (/wiki/Chinese_opera) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 189 and in Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) , such as in period drama which are normally set in imperial China prior to 1911, [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) : 189 and in the Wuxia (/wiki/Wuxia) and Xianxia (/wiki/Xianxia_(genre)) genre. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [6] (#cite_note-:4-6) [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) While the style of guzhuang is based on ancient Chinese clothing, guzhuang show historical inaccuracies. Chinese opera [ edit ] See also: Costumes in Chinese opera (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) and Dan role (/wiki/Dan_role) In Chinese opera (/wiki/Chinese_opera) , plays depicting guzhuang is called guzhuangxi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 古装戏 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : gǔzhuāngxì ; lit. 'ancient costume drama'), also known as guzhuangxinxi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 古装新戏 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : gǔzhuāngxīnxì ; lit. 'ancient costume in new drama'), or guzhuanggewuju ( lit. 'ancient-costume song-dance drama'), were performed by Mei Lanfang (/wiki/Mei_Lanfang) . [note 1] (#cite_note-7) [7] (#cite_note-:15-8) [8] (#cite_note-:16-9) : 48 Guzhuangxi is an important concept in both the field of Chinese opera and to early Chinese film. [9] (#cite_note-10) : 81 Mei Lanfang is also credited for having invented guzhuangbanxiang ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 古装扮相 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : gǔzhuāngbànxiāng ; lit. 'ancient-style stage images') which include the set of guzhuang that he created along with guzhuang tou ( lit. 'ancient-style hairstyle'). [10] (#cite_note-11) : 213 This form of guzhuang emerged in 1915 when new Chinese opera costumes had to be created for a new category of female role (/wiki/Dan_role) which had also been developed by Mei Lanfang. [note 2] (#cite_note-12) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 189 [11] (#cite_note-:1-13) : 11 Therefore, Mei Lanfang designed new female costumes by referring to ancient Chinese sculptures [11] (#cite_note-:1-13) : 11 and to ancient Chinese paintings, especially women in classical Chinese scroll paintings, often based on from mythological figures. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 189 [7] (#cite_note-:15-8) [8] (#cite_note-:16-9) : 48 His goal was to make his costumes more elegant instead of making it look ancient. [11] (#cite_note-:1-13) : 11 His costume designs then became known as guzhuang due to their relationship with ancient China, in particular the pre-Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) period from which his costumes designs were based. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 189, 327 The guzhuang designed by Mei Lanfang is characterized with fitted waist. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 189, 327 The guzhuang developed by Mei Lanfang different from the traditional Chinese opera costumes in some aspects: the skirts were longer; the skirt was worn under the jacket to make the character look slimmer; the water sleeves (/wiki/Water_sleeves) were longer and wider; and the accessories were less gaudy. [11] (#cite_note-:1-13) : 11 Other performers such as Ouyang Yuqian (/wiki/Ouyang_Yuqian) and Feng Zihe also contributed to the development of the guzhuang design. [11] (#cite_note-:1-13) : 11 Chinese television and entertainment media [ edit ] Guzhuang are typically used in Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) and movies. They are often depicted in the guzhuangpian , [12] (#cite_note-:6-14) Wuxia (/wiki/Wuxia) , and Xianxia (/wiki/Xianxia_(genre)) genre. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [6] (#cite_note-:4-6) : 66 Guzhuang is also depicted in animations (/wiki/Animation) , including donghua (/wiki/Chinese_animation) and Chinese-theme animations produced outside of China. [13] (#cite_note-:17-15) Relationship with film and drama genre [ edit ] See also: Chinese opera costume (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) The first film produced in China was Dingjun Mountain (/wiki/Dingjun_Mountain_(film)) in 1905 which depicted extracted scenes from a Beijing opera (/wiki/Peking_opera) play performed by Tan Xinpei (/wiki/Tan_Xinpei) . [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 289 The film was based on the 70th and 71st chapters of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms) . [15] (#cite_note-17) In terms of genre, it can be classified as xiqupian ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 戏曲片 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : xìqǔpiàn ; lit. 'Opera film'), a historical costume film, or Wuxia . [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 289–290 The 1920s was marked by the adaptation of traditional Chinese indigenous genre into cinema. [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 289 These genres were adapted from Chinese literature and from the Chinese opera stage play as a countermovement against the prevalence of European and American film products. [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 290 The Tianyi Film Company (/wiki/Tianyi_Film_Company) was a major studio which specialized in Chinese genres at that time; its succeeding company, the Shaw Brothers Studio (/wiki/Shaw_Brothers_Studio) in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) continued to produce indigenous Chinese genres, such as Huangmei opera (/wiki/Huangmei_opera) films and guzhuang epics. [note 3] (#cite_note-18) [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 291 Guzhuangpian and xiqupian [ edit ] Guzhuang worn in the Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai (/wiki/Liang_Shanbo_and_Zhu_Yingtai) , a 1954 film. Guzhuangpian ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 古裝片 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : gǔzhuāngzpiàn ; lit. 'ancient costume film'), also known as period costume film, [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 292 is indigenous genre to China (/wiki/China) and first emerged in the 1920s in China. [12] (#cite_note-:6-14) This genre is similar to costume drama, period film, and historical film. [12] (#cite_note-:6-14) However, by definition the term gu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 古 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : gǔ ), which literally means "ancient", does not refer to films and dramas which are set in the Republic of China (/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) as the Republican period is a symbol of modernity and the end of tradition. [12] (#cite_note-:6-14) Guzhuang are therefore depicted in period drama (i.e. historical drama, which is also called guzhuang drama) which are normally set in imperial China prior to 1911. [12] (#cite_note-:6-14) [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) : 189 Guzhuangpian also typically depict adaptations of traditional Chinese folktales, plays, and popular novels. [16] (#cite_note-:7-19) : 41 As a distinct genre, it is characterized by its focus on ancient history and historical personalities. [17] (#cite_note-20) : 101 Some of the early Chinese movies depicting guzhuang were based on Chinese opera play and Chinese folklore, such as Liang Zhu tongshi (1926) and White Snake (1926) released by Tianyi Film Company (/wiki/Tianyi_Film_Company) i; [18] (#cite_note-21) : 38 Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai produced in 1953 by the Shanghai Film Studio. [19] (#cite_note-22) : 217 Wuxia , Shenguai , and Xianxia [ edit ] The tradition of Wuxia is over two thousand years old having been passed through Chinese folklore, novels, historiography, and popular performing traditions (such as Tanci (/wiki/Tanci) and Chinese opera (/wiki/Chinese_opera) ). [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 290 The origins of Wuxia genre in cinema, however, is quite recent and emerged in the 20th century. [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 290 In cinema, the Wuxia genre can be traced back to the guzhuangpian and shenguaipian genre as one of its derivatives. [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 292 [16] (#cite_note-:7-19) : 41 [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 292 The shenguaipian ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 神怪片 ) genre, which often depicts Xian (/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)) -immortals and demons, was also developed in the 20th century and was also a derivatives of the guzhuangpian . [16] (#cite_note-:7-19) : 41 [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 292 The Wuxia genre was initiated by the Tianyi Film Company (/wiki/Tianyi_Film_Company) in 1925. [20] (#cite_note-:9-23) : 24 The early Wuxia genre, however, was also not always guzhuangpian ; [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 292 and therefore, it did not always involve the wearing of guzhuang . [20] (#cite_note-:9-23) : 26 In the 21st century, the Wuxia genre can be a guzhuangpian and a shenguaipian movie. [14] (#cite_note-:8-16) : 293 The Wuxia genre tends to dress its characters into guzhuang . [21] (#cite_note-24) : 95 The Xianxia (/wiki/Xianxia_(genre)) genre, which has grown in popularity in the 21st century, [22] (#cite_note-:10-25) is a sub-genre of Wuxia . [23] (#cite_note-26) The Xianxia genre typically involves Xian -immortals and immortality cultivation. [22] (#cite_note-:10-25) Characteristics and costume design [ edit ] See also: Costume design (/wiki/Costume_design) Most guzhuang used in the production of television dramas, movies and animations do not conform to historical facts and/or are fantasy-inspired. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [24] (#cite_note-:5-27) [13] (#cite_note-:17-15) Some guzhuang are based on different existing historical clothing worn in different dynasties, and/or inspired by Chinese opera costumes (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) , and murals (e.g. Dunhuang (/wiki/Dunhuang) frescoes); they would sometimes have features, or have attire, added, removed, simplified, to create a desired visual impact or to meet the production needs. [13] (#cite_note-:17-15) It is also possible for various ethnic Chinese elements to be mixed and matched when designing guzhuang ; combining modern fashion elements and/or western-style clothing elements can also be done. [13] (#cite_note-:17-15) When designing guzhuang for films and television dramas, costumes designers consider the modern aesthetic taste of its audience while also conforming and respecting the historical reality. [3] (#cite_note-:12-3) [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) The guzhuang used in the Xianxia genre, for example, is based on the historical hanfu, but is modernized in terms of design resulting in the guzhuang being different from its historical version. [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) Moreover, in most movies and television drama, the colours, style, and pattern of guzhuang are also based on the characters found in the script; these costumes characteristics are used to better shape the character's image and to allow the audience better understand the character through his visual image and to allow for the distinction between characters. [3] (#cite_note-:12-3) Characters wearing guzhuang , for example, can have a colour theme which reflect his initial personality; however, this colour theme may change throughout the character development. [3] (#cite_note-:12-3) It is also impossible for costume designers to fully restore garment and garment-related artefacts; and therefore, guzhuang designers need to innovate their costume designs based on historical facts. [3] (#cite_note-:12-3) List of movies, drama, and animations featuring guzhuang [ edit ] Examples of movies and dramas which uses guzhuang are: The cave of the Silken Web (/wiki/The_Cave_of_the_Silken_Web_(1927_film)) (1927), Luoyang bridge (1928), [12] (#cite_note-:6-14) Dragon Inn (/wiki/Dragon_Inn) (1967), a Chinese Ghost Story (1987) (/wiki/A_Chinese_Ghost_Story) , [25] (#cite_note-28) : 82 The Swordsman (1990) (/wiki/The_Swordsman_(1990_film)) , Swordsman II (/wiki/Swordsman_II) (1992) and The East Is Red (/wiki/The_East_Is_Red_(1993_film)) (1993), Ashes of Time (/wiki/Ashes_of_Time) (1994), [6] (#cite_note-:4-6) : 66 Hero (2002) (/wiki/Hero_(2002_film)) , House of Flying Daggers (/wiki/House_of_Flying_Daggers) (2004), Curse of the golden flower (/wiki/Curse_of_the_Golden_Flower) (2006), [26] (#cite_note-29) The Empress of China (/wiki/The_Empress_of_China) (2014), [27] (#cite_note-30) The Journey of Flower (/wiki/The_Journey_of_Flower) (2015), [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) The Princess Weiyoung (/wiki/The_Princess_Weiyoung) (2016), Eternal Love (/wiki/Eternal_Love_(TV_series)) (2017), [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace (/wiki/Ruyi%27s_Royal_Love_in_the_Palace) (2018) , The Untamed (/wiki/The_Untamed_(TV_series)) (2019), [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) [note 4] (#cite_note-31) Mulan (2020 Film) (/wiki/Mulan_(2020_film)) , [28] (#cite_note-32) and Word of Honour (/wiki/Word_of_Honor_(TV_series)) (2021), etc. Example of animations which depicts guzhuang are: Mulan (1998 film) (/wiki/Mulan_(1998_film)) , [13] (#cite_note-:17-15) Kungfu panda (/wiki/Kung_Fu_Panda) . [29] (#cite_note-33) Literature, web-novels, and comics [ edit ] Guzhuang worn in Chang Ge Xing (长歌行), an example of gufeng manhua, Hangzhou library. Guzhuang can be found in Manhua (/wiki/Manhua) , such as gufeng manhua ( lit. 'ancient-style manhua (/wiki/Manhua) ') and shaonu manhua . [30] (#cite_note-:11-34) : 288–289 Shaonu manhua is a similar genre and a derivative of the shoujo manga (/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga) ; [30] (#cite_note-:11-34) : 286 it originally followed similar visual aesthetics as the Japanese shoujo manga in its early development before starting to develop Chinese characteristics between the 2000s and early 2010, after 2010s, shaonu manhua became distinct from the Japanese shoujo manga both in terms of visual aesthetics and storyline. [30] (#cite_note-:11-34) : 288 In the mid-2010s, gufeng manhua and gufeng shaonu manhua (i.e. stories adapted from Chinese history and legendary tales, and fictional love stories set in imperial China) became popular. [30] (#cite_note-:11-34) : 289 Examples of guzhuang depicted in manhua can be found in Chang an Fantastic Night ( 长安幻夜 ) by Han Lu, [30] (#cite_note-:11-34) : 291 You Yuan Jing Meng ( 游园惊梦 ) by Xia Da (released in 2008), [30] (#cite_note-:11-34) : 288 Chang Ge Xing by Xia Da, Gu Fang Bu Zi Shang ( 孤芳不自賞 ) by Feng Nong, etc. Guzhuang can also be found in manhwa (/wiki/Manhwa) , such as Bride of the Water God by Yun Mi-kyung, and in the Chinese-theme Japanese manga, such as Saiunkoku Monogatari (/wiki/The_Story_of_Saiunkoku) by Yura Kairi . Influences and derivatives [ edit ] Wei-Jin Style Hanfu [ edit ] Main article: Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) See also: Hanfu Movement (/wiki/Hanfu_Movement) A boy wearing a Wei-Jin style hanfu Guzhuang is often confused with or misinterpreted as Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) by most people who are not familiar with Hanfu . [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [31] (#cite_note-:14-35) And, some Hanfu enthusiasts also wear it instead of wearing Hanfu . [24] (#cite_note-:5-27) Guzhuang is, however, also a factor of influence (among many others) to the design of modern Hanfu ; for example, the design of Wei-Jin style ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 魏晋风 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Wèijìnfēng ; lit. 'Wei Jin style') Hanfu is a relatively modern design which was influenced by Chinese movies and television drama series and does not exist in history. [note 5] (#cite_note-36) [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) [32] (#cite_note-37) Guzhuang found in Xianxia television drama have also left a deep impact on Chinese audience. [31] (#cite_note-:14-35) Many Xianxia fans also wear Hanfu in their everyday lives, which then promote the growing Hanfu industry. [2] (#cite_note-:13-2) Xiuhefu [ edit ] Another guzhuang -style costume which has influenced modern clothing in modern-day China is the Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) designed by costume designer Ye Jintian in 2001 for the role of drama female character Xiu He, played by Chinese actress Zhou Xun (/wiki/Zhou_Xun) , in the Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) Juzi Hongle ( 橘子紅了 ; 'Orange turned red'), a drama set in the Republican era of China (/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) . [33] (#cite_note-:02-38) Although the drama was set in the Republic of China, the costume was mainly inspired by the Hanfu of the Qing dynasty, especially those used in the late years of the Qing dynasty in the 1910s as part of the bridal attire. [34] (#cite_note-:110-39) While basing himself on the clothing of the Qing dynasty, Ye Jintian, however, did not fully respected the historical accuracy of the dress and instead mixed several elements together from similar eras in his costume design. [33] (#cite_note-:02-38) As the Xiuhefu gives a feeling of dignity and beauty to its wearer, the Xiuhefu designed by Ye Jintian became progressively popular and eventually became a form of traditional Chinese-style wedding dress (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_wedding_dress) chosen by many Chinese brides during their marriage nowadays. [35] (#cite_note-:19-40) See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_Movement) Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) Chinese opera (/wiki/Chinese_opera) List of Chinese television series (/wiki/List_of_Chinese_television_series) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) Guzhuang xinxi depicted plays which were adaptations of Chinese stories and folklores, such as Chang'e flies to the moon and Daiyu buries flowers. ^ (#cite_ref-12) This new category of role was called huashan (lit. 'flower shirt'), which combined the movements of qingyi, huadan, and martial dan. ^ (#cite_ref-18) The costumes which are typically worn in Huangmei opera (/wiki/Huangmei_opera) are typically guzhuang-style. See page Xifu (costume) (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)#Huangmei_opera) for more details ^ (#cite_ref-31) see page The Untamed: Design and Concept (/wiki/The_Untamed_(TV_series)#Design_and_concept) for more details. ^ (#cite_ref-36) The Wei-jin style should not be confused with the Hanfu worn in the Wei and Jin dynasties, see page Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) for more details. References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Bonds, Alexandra B. (2008). Beijing opera costumes: the visual communication of character and culture . Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4356-6584-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 256864936 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256864936) . ^ a b c d e f g h Yujuan, Jing (2021). Reconstructing Ancient Chinese Cultural Memory in the Context of Xianxia TV Drama (Master thesis). Uppsala universitet. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1280652786 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1280652786) . ^ a b c d e Gao, Yuemei (2020). "Research on the Innovative Design of Ancient Costumes in Chinese Film and Tv Plays in the New Era" (https://webofproceedings.org/proceedings_series/ART2L/ICHCAD%202019/AD097.pdf) (PDF) . 2019 International Conference on Humanities, Cultures, Arts and Design : 481–485. ^ a b Zhang, Yingjin (1998). Encyclopedia of Chinese film . Zhiwei Xiao. London: Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-203-19555-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 76898497 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76898497) . ^ a b c d e Xu, Jiaxuan (2019). Exploring Hanfu (Fashion Clothing and Textile Design thesis). Aalto University. ^ a b c Teo, Stephen (2019). Wong Kar-Wai . London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-83902-126-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1203887040 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1203887040) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b Tian, Min (2012). Mei Lanfang and the twentieth-century international stage : Chinese theatre placed and displaced (1st ed.). New York. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-137-01043-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 774695418 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/774695418) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b Li, Ruru (2010). The soul of Beijing opera : theatrical creativity and continuity in the changing world . Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-988-220-580-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 707092641 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/707092641) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Macdonald, Sean (2016). Animation in China : history, aesthetics, media . London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-38215-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 932262066 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/932262066) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Fan, Xing (2018). Staging revolution : artistry and aesthetics in model beijing opera during the cultural revolution . Hong Kong. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-988-8455-16-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1031673079 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1031673079) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b c d e Ye, Tan (2020). Historical dictionary of Chinese theater (Second ed.). Lanham. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5381-2064-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1128888776 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1128888776) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b c d e f Yan, Yuqian (2019). The Ancient as Enchantment: Cinematic Representation of the Past in Republican China (Thesis). The University of Chicago. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.6082/uchicago.1910 (https://doi.org/10.6082%2Fuchicago.1910) . ^ a b c d e Zang, Na (2019). "The Application of National Elements in Animation Costume Design" (https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ichssr-19/125909109) . Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2019) . Vol. 319. Atlantis Press. pp. 189–192. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/ichssr-19.2019.33 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Fichssr-19.2019.33) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6252-730-0 . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 198990188 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198990188) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : \|journal= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Yingjin Zhang, ed. (2012). A Companion to Chinese Cinema . New York. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4443-5596-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 897591464 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/897591464) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "The first film made by the Chinese themselves was directed by Ren Qingtai in 1905 and starring Tan Xinpei" (https://inf.news/en/entertainment/6224a6ca43d5903601f7ee3f065be38c.html) . iNews . 2022. ^ a b c Xuelei, Huang (2014). Shanghai Filmmaking: Crossing Borders, Connecting to the Globe, 1922-1938 . Leiden: BRILL. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-27934-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 890982336 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890982336) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Art, Politics, and Commerce in Chinese Cinema . Ying Zhu, Stanley Rosen. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 2010. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-988-220-528-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 781309627 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781309627) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-21) Zhang, Yingjin (2004). Chinese national cinema . New York: Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-203-64583-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 56553397 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56553397) . ^ (#cite_ref-22) The Oxford handbook of Chinese cinemas . Eileen Cheng-yin Chow (/wiki/Eileen_Cheng-yin_Chow) , Carlos Rojas (/wiki/Carlos_Rojas_(sinologist)) . New York. 2013. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-998331-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 884531940 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/884531940) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ a b Teo, Stephen (2009). Chinese martial arts cinema: the Wuxia tradition . Edinburgh. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7486-3251-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 398493357 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/398493357) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Rawnsley, Gary D. (/wiki/Gary_D._Rawnsley) ; Ming-Yeh T. Rawnsley (/wiki/Ming-Yeh_Rawnsley) (2010). Global Chinese cinema : the culture and politics of "Hero" . New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-135-28149-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1034981798 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1034981798) . ^ a b Wanning Sun; Ling Yang, eds. (2020). Love stories in China: the politics of intimacy in the twenty-first century . London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-27502-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1111577628 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1111577628) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-26) Lorraine Lim; Hye-Kyung Lee, eds. (2019). Routledge handbook of cultural and creative industries in Asia . London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-315-66050-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1078636862 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1078636862) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b "2021 latest updates on the Hanfu Movement - 2022" (https://www.newhanfu.com/1147.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2021-01-05 . Retrieved 2022-05-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Meaghan Morris; Siu Leung Li; Stephen Ching-kiu Chan, eds. (2005). Hong Kong connections: transnational imagination in action cinema . Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-988-220-158-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 642690004 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/642690004) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Teo, Stephen (2010). "6 The Martial Arts Film in Chinese Cinema: Historicism and the National". Art, Politics, and Commerce in Chinese Cinema . Hong Kong University Press. pp. 99–110. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-962-209-175-7 . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) j.ctt1xwdjc (https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1xwdjc) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Fan Bingbing Shows Off Costumes in "The Empress of China" – JayneStars.com" (https://www.jaynestars.com/tv-dramas/fan-bingbing-shows-off-costumes-in-the-empress-of-china/) . Retrieved 2022-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Mondor, Brooke (2021-04-25). "Why Mulan's Costume From The Live-Action Mulan Makes No Sense" (https://www.looper.com/392189/why-mulans-costume-from-the-live-action-mulan-makes-no-sense/) . Looper.com . Retrieved 2022-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Wang, WeiPeng (2017). "Research on application of Chinese culture in animated movie KungFu Panda" (https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icemeet-16/25869147) . Proceedings of the 2016 2nd International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Education Technology (ICEMEET 2016) . Vol. 87. Atlantis Press. pp. 420–422. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/icemeet-16.2017.87 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Ficemeet-16.2017.87) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6252-288-6 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : \|journal= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) ^ a b c d e f Chang-Yau Hoon; Ying-kit Chan, eds. (2021). Contesting Chineseness: ethnicity, identity, and nation in China and Southeast Asia . Singapore. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-336-096-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1244120099 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1244120099) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b Tang, Lian; Wang, Chenyi (2022). "The Research on the Comparison of Hanfu Fashion Short Videos on Douyin and Tik Tok". Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Social Development and Media Communication (SDMC 2021) . Vol. 631. Paris, France: Atlantis Press. pp. 64–69. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/assehr.k.220105.014 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Fassehr.k.220105.014) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6239-512-1 . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 246330928 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246330928) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : \|journal= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) ^ (#cite_ref-37) "The Different Between Wei Jin Style & Wei Jin Dynasty Hanfu" (https://www.newhanfu.com/7153.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-10-24 . Retrieved 2022-05-31 . ^ a b "Chinese wedding dresses: Are we wearing cultural heritage or inventions of film and television dramas?" (https://min.news/en/entertainment/a3a173a0210c59af7f6f85b0a8694ff9.html) . iMedia . 2022-08-18. ^ (#cite_ref-:110_39-0) Li, Yuling (2019). New meaning in traditional wedding dresses – Xiu He Fu and Long Feng Gua – in contemporary China / Li Yuling (masters thesis). University of Malaya. ^ (#cite_ref-:19_40-0) "What is the difference between Xiuhefu and Fengguanxiapi?" (https://inf.news/en/culture/dec4593d68de6026d51ee84b36c32e0f.html) . iNews . 2022-08-18. 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American designer Miles Cahn Born ( 1921-04-18 ) April 18, 1921 New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) Died February 10, 2017 (2017-02-10) (aged 95) Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York Education City College of New York (/wiki/City_College_of_New_York) Miles Cahn (April 18, 1921 – February 10, 2017) was an American businessman and designer who co-founded the Coach Leatherware Company (/wiki/Coach,_Inc.) , now known as Coach, Inc. (/wiki/Coach,_Inc.) , with his wife, Lillian Cahn (/wiki/Lillian_Cahn) , in 1961. The Cahns founded the luxury fashion company (/wiki/Luxury_goods) , now known for its handbags (/wiki/Handbags) , when they purchased a ting mall wallet manufacturer, then located in West 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , and renamed it Coach. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) Under the guidance of Lillian and Miles Cahn, Coach was among the first to introduce lines of purses and handbags that were both fashionable and practical. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Biography [ edit ] Cahn was born on April 18, 1921, in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to Russian Jewish (/wiki/Russian_Jewish) immigrant parents, Jacob and Fanny Cahn. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) His parents were refugees (/wiki/Refugees) who had fled from Russia (/wiki/Russia) to the United States (/wiki/United_States) to escape the Russian Revolution (/wiki/Russian_Revolution) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) He enrolled at the City College of New York (/wiki/City_College_of_New_York) , but left to serve in the United States Army (/wiki/United_States_Army) 's 78th Infantry Division (/wiki/78th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)) during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Cahn returned to the City College of New York after the war and received his degree in business administration. [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) In 1947, he married Lillian Lenovitz (/wiki/Lillian_Cahn) ; the couple had met in New York City. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) The company that would become Coach started as a small men's wallet (/wiki/Wallet) manufacturer known as Gail Leather Products (also called Gail Novelty Co.), located in a loft (/wiki/Loft) in Manhattan in 1941. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) Miles Cahn's father was one of four investors who had each invested $1,000 in 1941 to help start the company. [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) In 1946, Miles Cahn joined Gail Leather for $50 a week. [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) Miles and Lillian Cahn also owned and operated a separate leather manufacturing company. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) In 1961, the Cahns purchased the Gail Leather Products, then located on West 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)) , through a leveraged buyout of the former owners. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) They renamed their store and factory the Coach Leatherware Company (now known as Coach, Inc. (/wiki/Coach,_Inc.) ). [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) It was Lillian Cahn who suggested adding women's handbags to the Coach product line utilizing the same supple, flexible cowhide (/wiki/Cowhide) inspired by the material used in baseball gloves (/wiki/Baseball_glove) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) Miles Cahn initially resisted his wife's idea, but relented, remembering in a 2013 interview, "I scoffed at first...In New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , there were a lot of handbag companies, and at that time, stores were all buying knockoffs of bags made in Europe (/wiki/Europe) . But my wife prevailed." [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [4] (#cite_note-nytimes2-4) The new handbags proved to be Coach's most popular, long-term products. Lillian Cahn designed the first Coach handbag, a shopping bag purse, which she based on the paper shopping bags (/wiki/Shopping_bag) she had delivered as a child for her family's business in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Wilkes-Barre,_Pennsylvania) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Lillian Cahn's bag purse remains one of Coach's most popular designs. [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) Miles and Lillian Cahn also hired designer Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) , who created some of Coach's other signature bags and accessories, including the bucket bag and tongue bag, as well as Coach's trademark turn lock fastenings. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) She also introduced brighter colors to the designs. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) During the 1960s, both Cahns turned to philanthropic work in support of the Food Bank For New York City (/wiki/Food_Bank_For_New_York_City) and the New York Public Library (/wiki/New_York_Public_Library) . He also took out a full-page ad in the New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) , addressed to then President Richard Nixon (/wiki/Richard_Nixon) , to protest the Vietnam War (/wiki/Vietnam_War) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) By the 1980s, Coach's annual sales reached $20 million. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) In July 1985, the Sara Lee Corporation (/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation) acquired Coach from Miles and Lillian Cahn for an estimated $30 million. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) Sara Lee expanded Cahn's original product line to include perfume, sunglasses and other luxury accessories. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) In 2000, Sara Lee spun off (/wiki/Corporate_spin-off) Coach into a separate business for approximately one billion dollars. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Coach reported $4.4 billion in total sales in 2016. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Following the sale of Coach, the Cahns founded the Coach Farm on 600-acres in Pine Plains, New York (/wiki/Pine_Plains,_New_York) , where they produced aged and fresh goat cheese (/wiki/Goat_cheese) . [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) As the business expanded, their original herd of 200 goats grew to more than 1,500 animals. [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) In 2003, Cahn wrote about their experiences as farmers and cheesemakers in "The Perils and Pleasures of Domesticating Goat Cheese". [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) They sold the farm in 2006 when Miles Cahn, who was 85-years old at the time, retired. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) Cahn focused on writing during his later years. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) In 2008, he self-published his memoir, "My Story". [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) Miles Cahn, a resident of the Upper West Side (/wiki/Upper_West_Side) , died in his apartment in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) on February 10, 2017, at the age of 95. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) He was survived by his three children - Julie Cahn, David Cahn and Susi Cahn, wife of celebrity chef Mario Batali (/wiki/Mario_Batali) ; and five grandchildren. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) His wife and business partner, Coach designer and co-founder Lillian Cahn, died in 2013 at the age of 89. [4] (#cite_note-nytimes2-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Adams, Rachel (2017-02-11). "Miles Cahn, Co-Founder of Coach Handbags, Dies at 95" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/11/business/miles-cahn-dead-coach.html?_r=0) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2017-02-26 . ^ a b c d e f g h White Sidell, Misty (2017-02-11). "Coach Cofounder Miles Cahn, 95" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/coach-co-founder-miles-cahn-10789227/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved 2017-02-26 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kapner, Suzanne (2017-02-17). "Miles Cahn Turned Coach Into a Household Name" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150243/https://secure.marketwatch.com/story/miles-cahn-turned-coach-into-a-household-name-2017-02-17) . Wall Street Journal (/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal) . MarketWatch (/wiki/MarketWatch) . Archived from the original (https://secure.marketwatch.com/story/miles-cahn-turned-coach-into-a-household-name-2017-02-17) on 2017-02-27 . Retrieved 2017-02-26 . ^ a b Vitello, Paul (2013-03-07). "Lillian Cahn, Creator of the Coach Handbag, Dies at 89" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/business/lillian-cahn-creator-of-the-coach-handbag-dies-at-89.html?_r=0) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2017-02-26 . 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Normal work uniform of the United States Coast Guard A Coast Guardsman wearing the untucked ODU The Operational Dress Uniform ( ODU ) is the normal work uniform of the United States Coast Guard (/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard) , the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary (/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary) , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Commissioned_Officer_Corps) , and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps) (PHSCC). It is also one of the uniforms worn by the New York Naval Militia (/wiki/New_York_Naval_Militia) . [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] 2000s [ edit ] The Coast Guard (/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard) introduced the new "Operational Dress Uniform" (ODU) uniform in 2004 to replace the "Working Blue" and "Undress Blue" uniforms (winter and summer variants). Resembling law enforcement SWAT fatigues, the first generation of ODU differed substantially from the then-current Battle Dress Uniform (/wiki/Battle_Dress_Uniform) in that the blouse lacked lower pockets and was intended to be worn tucked into the trousers. The blouse sleeves were allowed to be worn rolled up or down according to personal preference. The trousers featured large cargo packets with buttoned closures and were worn bloused above the boots (or straight legged if worn with boat shoes). A dark blue Coast Guard unit ballcap was worn with this uniform. A 2006 issue [2] (#cite_note-2) of the Reservist magazine [3] (#cite_note-3) was devoted to a detailed and easy-to-understand graphical description of all the authorized uniforms. USCG graduates wearing ODUs in 2010 In 2008, a new generation of the ODU was introduced and gradually replaced the tucked version through 2012. This second generation featured an untucked shirt blouse, and was therefore unofficially known as the "Untucked ODU." The blouse featured a Coast Guard insignia embroidered in black on the right breast pocket and the trouser cargo pocket flaps. In 2008, ODUs were adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps (/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Commissioned_Corps) , replacing the U.S. Navy working khakis. From the 1980s until the late 2000s, Coast Guard units engaged in combat operations or otherwise deployed overseas generally wore the U.S. Navy (/wiki/U.S._Navy) Combat Utility Uniform (the Navy version of the Battle Dress Uniform (/wiki/Battle_Dress_Uniform) ). When the Navy replaced the CUU with the Navy Working Uniform (/wiki/Navy_Working_Uniform) Type II and Type III, circa 2009, the Coast Guard followed suit. 2010s [ edit ] USPHS CC officers wearing ODUs in 2014 In 2015, the ODU uniform was adopted as the daily work uniform of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps) , replacing the Battle Dress Uniform (/wiki/Battle_Dress_Uniform) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In August 2016, the United States Navy (/wiki/United_States_Navy) announced it was eliminating the Navy Working Uniform (/wiki/Navy_Working_Uniform) Type I in favor of the Type III as its standard working uniform ashore. The Type I has earlier been found to not be suitable for shipboard use and the Navy began developing a standard uniform for sea duty. The ODU has been viewed as one potential model. In September 2017, Coast Guard Uniform Board 47 announced several changes to the ODU. Notably, the Coast Guard insignia would no longer be embroidered on the trouser pocket flaps and that "U.S. COAST GUARD" would no longer be stenciled on the left breast of the T-shirt. Additionally, wear of the boonie hat (/wiki/Boonie_hat) was more widely permitted. In November 2019, Uniform Board 48 announced authorization to develop the Next Generation Coast Guard Utility Uniform ("CGU") to replace the current ODU. The CGU will be patterned on the Navy Working Uniform (/wiki/Navy_Working_Uniform) Type III but will be solid blue in color. The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard (/wiki/Master_Chief_Petty_Officer_of_the_Coast_Guard) and other senior enlisted members have been photographed wear testing a prototype. The approved version, announced in late 2019, has been dubbed the "Coast Guard Working Uniform" or "CGWU." 2020s [ edit ] In November 2021, the Coast Guard announced that the new CGWU will begin distribution in 2023, and the ODU would be phased out by 2025. [5] (#cite_note-5) See also [ edit ] Uniforms of the United States Coast Guard (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard) Uniforms of the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "New York Naval Militia Instruction 1020.1C" (https://dmna.ny.gov/forms/naval/NYNMINST_1020.1C_Uniform_Regulations.pdf) (PDF) . New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs (/wiki/New_York_State_Division_of_Military_and_Naval_Affairs) . 26 January 2018 . Retrieved 20 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131103062858/http://www.uscg.mil/reservist/issues/2006/06/issue.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://www.uscg.mil/reservist/issues/2006/06/issue.pdf) (PDF) on 2013-11-03 . Retrieved 2012-08-17 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "USCG Reserve Affairs (CG-131)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080916012051/http://uscg.mil/reservist/) . Archived from the original (http://www.uscg.mil/reservist/) on 2008-09-16 . Retrieved 2008-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) It’s New, It’s Blue, It’s the PHS ODU! (https://dcp.psc.gov/osg/therapist/documents/ODU2013.pdf) , dcp.psc.gov, dated 11 September 2013, last accessed 10 September 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-5) "New uniforms coming soon" (https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/2839899/new-uniforms-coming-soon/) . 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A Zephyrina Jupon is a modified crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) in the form of a metal frame with an open front. It gradually widens in circumference (/wiki/Circumference) towards the feet. It is straight from the waist down at the front, but the train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) widens out at the back. They were popular during the mid- Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) (1857–77) [1] (#cite_note-1) Messrs. Thomson and Co. are the inventors and manufacturers of the pattern, along with "the glove-fitting corset (/wiki/Corset) " [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Norris, Herbert; Curtis, Oswald (January 1998). Nineteenth-century costume and fashion . Courier Corporation. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780486402925 . Retrieved December 1, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "CHAPTER X" (http://figuretraining.com/CHAPTER_X.php) . Retrieved December 1, 2011 . Further reading [ edit ] Costume & Fashion (https://books.google.com/books?id=OX8iAQAAIAAJ) The Freaks of Fashion (https://books.google.com/books?id=JkMBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA223) The Tomahawk (https://books.google.com/books?id=q2nOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA8) From Hoopskirts to Nudity (https://books.google.com/books?id=IxIYAAAAIAAJ) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephyrina_Jupon&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c795b44dd‐hsm6g Cached time: 20240717140944 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.161 seconds Real time usage: 0.198 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 195/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6017/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 79/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12173/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.115/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2996802/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 181.074 1 -total 63.60% 115.167 1 Template:Reflist 50.54% 91.506 1 Template:Cite_book 36.35% 65.823 1 Template:Fashion-stub 35.45% 64.182 1 Template:Asbox 2.50% 4.520 1 Template:Cite_web 0.90% 1.624 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33925011-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717140944 and revision id 1173702698. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephyrina_Jupon&oldid=1173702698 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephyrina_Jupon&oldid=1173702698) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1850s fashion (/wiki/Category:1850s_fashion) 1860s fashion (/wiki/Category:1860s_fashion) 1870s fashion (/wiki/Category:1870s_fashion) Skirts (/wiki/Category:Skirts) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden category: All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Bobby Hillson is a London-based fashion illustrator, former designer of children's clothing, and founder of the Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) MA Fashion course. [1] (#cite_note-vogue-1) [2] (#cite_note-frankel-2) Early life [ edit ] Hillson, who had studied at Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) , [3] (#cite_note-hillson-3) started out as an illustrator for publications such as Vogue UK (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) , The Sunday Times (/wiki/The_Sunday_Times) , and The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) in the early 1950s. [1] (#cite_note-vogue-1) In 1954 she attended Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) 's relaunch show. [1] (#cite_note-vogue-1) She is particularly renowned for her 1960s illustration work. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1969, she launched her childrenswear brand, and in 1972, a little girl's dress and pinafore (/wiki/Pinafore) was chosen as the Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) by Moira Keenan (/wiki/Moira_Keenan) alongside a Biba (/wiki/Biba) outfit and a young boy's outfit by Burton (/wiki/Burton_(clothing)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) As of 2018, no other children's clothes have been selected as Dress of the Year. Teaching career [ edit ] Hillson returned to Saint Martin's School of Art to teach on the fashion diploma course in 1956. [6] (#cite_note-blogs.arts.ac.uk-6) In the late 1970s she developed and wrote the MA fashion course, with the first cohort of graduates showing in 1980. [6] (#cite_note-blogs.arts.ac.uk-6) While at Saint Martin's, Hillson was one of the first people to recognise the potential of Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , offering him a place on the course when he approached her about a cutter (/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)) 's job. [1] (#cite_note-vogue-1) [2] (#cite_note-frankel-2) When McQueen received an honorary doctorate from Saint Martins, he thanked Hillson first of all. [7] (#cite_note-sherwood-7) In addition to McQueen, Hillson's former students include John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , Stephen Jones (/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(milliner)) , Rifat Özbek (/wiki/Rifat_%C3%96zbek) and Sonja Nuttall (/wiki/Sonja_Nuttall) . [7] (#cite_note-sherwood-7) She was succeeded as course director of the MA Fashion course by another former student, Louise Wilson (/wiki/Louise_Wilson) in 1992. [2] (#cite_note-frankel-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Cooper, Michelle. "Who's Who: Bobby Hillson" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/bobby-hillson) . Vogue.co.uk . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ a b c Frankel, Susannah (24 September 2011). "Louise Wilson: 'As much as I might decry the students, as much as they're a nightmare, it is a privilege to be among youth' (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/louise-wilson-as-much-as-i-might-decry-the-students-as-much-as-theyre-a-nightmare-it-is-a-privilege-to-be-among-youth-2359127.html) " (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/louise-wilson-as-much-as-i-might-decry-the-students-as-much-as-theyre-a-nightmare-it-is-a-privilege-to-be-among-youth-2359127.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-hillson_3-0) Hillson, Bobby. "Bobby Hillson" (http://www.verymagazine.org/magazine/12-issue-15/34-bobby-hillson) . Very Magazine . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fogg, Marnie (2008). 1960s fashion print : a sourcebook . London: Batsford. p. 102. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780713490541 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Dress of the Year 1970-1979" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105025339/http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/collections/dress_of_the_year/1970_-_1979.aspx) . Fashion Museum, Bath. Archived from the original (http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/collections/dress_of_the_year/1970_-_1979.aspx) on 5 November 2013 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ a b "Remembering St. Martin's with the Founder of MA Fashion Bobby Hillson – Central Saint Martins: News" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180903045903/http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/csm/2018/03/22/remembering-st-martins-with-the-founder-of-ma-fashion-bobby-hillson/) . blogs.arts.ac.uk . Archived from the original (http://blogs.arts.ac.uk/csm/2018/03/22/remembering-st-martins-with-the-founder-of-ma-fashion-bobby-hillson/) on 2018-09-03 . Retrieved 2018-09-02 . ^ a b Sherwood, James (February 19, 2007). "I taught them a lesson ; As fashion's most formidable mistress, she mentored McQueen, oversaw Ozbek and goaded the great Galliano" (https://archive.today/20130216051115/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3728509.html) . The Independent . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3728509.html) on February 16, 2013 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Hillson&oldid=1084491384 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Hillson&oldid=1084491384) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Fashion illustrators (/wiki/Category:Fashion_illustrators) British fashion designers (/wiki/Category:British_fashion_designers) People from Devon (/wiki/Category:People_from_Devon) Academics of Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Category:Academics_of_Central_Saint_Martins) Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) Children's clothing designers (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing_designers) Hidden category: Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
Clockwise from top : woman wearing black boots, leggings, and cabin socks ( Chilliwack (/wiki/Chilliwack) , 2017), Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) fashion editor Vivian Wilcox (1955), HRH the Princess of Wales (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) in a Canada-themed outfit (Ottawa, 2011), " Niagara Falls (/wiki/Niagara_Falls) fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) " (1842), Nunavimiut (/wiki/Ungava_Bay) outer parka (c. 1914) at the Royal Ontario Museum (/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum) , Canada Goose (/wiki/Canada_Goose_(clothing)) logo, Canadian teenagers in skirt-suits from Simpson's (/wiki/Simpsons_(department_store)) Spring and Summer Catalogue (1945) Canadian fashion refers to the styles, trends, design, and production of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) , and other expressions of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) in Canada (/wiki/Canada) and the polities it is descended from (/wiki/History_of_Canada) . Since time immemorial, the Indigenous cultures of Canada (/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada) designed clothing and accessories for practical application in contention with the natural elements, as well as for ritualistic and spiritual purposes. Indigenous-Canadians maintain fashions (/wiki/Native_American_fashion) that are distinct to their particular cultures. Beginning from the 16th century after the founding of Port-Royal (/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)) , developing factors such as continued European settlement, the North American fur trade (/wiki/North_American_fur_trade) , and the establishment of proto-Canadian colonies, such as those of New France (/wiki/New_France) and British North America (/wiki/British_North_America) , incrementally introduced western fashions throughout the region, which were often modified or innovated to adapt to local geography (/wiki/Geography_of_Canada) . From the 16th century onward, Canada's fashion history can be divided into discernable eras that are characterized by prevalent styles particular to the time period. These various modes of dress have often been influenced by the predominant upper-class fashions of western Europe (/wiki/Western_Europe) , notably Britain (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and France (/wiki/France) , as well as the geographical realities of living in Canada and the rugged lifestyles therein. Canada's fashion economy includes numerous clothing and accessory brands (such as Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) and Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) ), department stores (such as the historical Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) and Holt Renfrew (/wiki/Holt_Renfrew) ), various annual and semi-annual industry events (/wiki/Fashion_week) in Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , Edmonton (/wiki/Edmonton) , Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa) , and Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , fashion magazines (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) (such as Elle Canada (/wiki/Elle_Canada) and Fashion Magazine (/wiki/Fashion_Magazine) ), and a variety of postsecondary programs in fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) and marketing. History [ edit ] See also: History of Western Fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_Fashion) New France and the early Fur Trade (1530s to 1750s) [ edit ] See also: French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) , 1550–1600 in Western European fashion (/wiki/1550%E2%80%931600_in_Western_European_fashion) , 1600–1650 in Western European fashion (/wiki/1600%E2%80%931650_in_Western_European_fashion) , 1650–1700 in Western European fashion (/wiki/1650%E2%80%931700_in_Western_European_fashion) , and 1700–1750 in Western fashion (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_Western_fashion) Ein Canadischer Bauer (A Canadian Farmer) by Friedrich von Germann (1778) Arrival of the Brides by Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale (/wiki/Eleanor_Fortescue-Brickdale) (c. prior to 1927). High-class French women are illustrated wearing colourful dresses, lace sleeves, ribbons, and holding fans. In contrast, the evidently lower-class woman in the foreground carries a metal box and wears a plain blouse, capotain (/wiki/Capotain) hat, and long skirt. Most of the men depicted appear to be high-born, including Jean Talon (/wiki/Jean_Talon) , wearing colourful (possibly velvet) coats, cravats, and decorated hats that they carry at their sides. The labourer (and possibly slave (/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France) ) at the bottom wears a headwrap and no shirt. European exploration northwestward, into the frontier of Rupert's Land (/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land) , the North-Western Territory (/wiki/North-Western_Territory) , and the Columbia District (/wiki/Columbia_District) , was in large part motivated by the North American fur trade, establishing a network of forts and supply routes that laid the developmental groundwork for the modern Canadian state. Indigenous and European hunters and trappers (/wiki/Trappers) supplied trade networks that capitalized on the demand for beaver pelts in European markets. [1] (#cite_note-1) Capotes (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) (long wrap-style wool (/wiki/Wool) coats (/wiki/Coat) , often complete with a hood) were worn by European settlers (/wiki/Settlers) , traders, trappers, and hunters, as well as Indigenous peoples, since the earliest days of the fur trade. These coats were known to be easy to move in, and were first traded to the Mi'kmaq (/wiki/Mi%27kmaq) by French sailors. The Hudson's Bay Company, which was granted monopoly over Rupert's Land via royal charter (/wiki/Royal_charter) from Charles II of England (/wiki/Charles_II_of_England) , sold capotes (also called "blanket coats"), fabricated out of the company's unique "point blanket", from trading posts such as Moose Factory (/wiki/Moose_Factory) , New Severn (/wiki/New_Severn) , York Factory (/wiki/York_Factory) , and Fort Churchill (/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba) as early as the mid-17th century. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-northwest_journal-capots-3) Beginning in the 17th century, European explorers and traders increasingly wore mukluks (/wiki/Mukluks) ; hide (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) boots originally crafted by Inuit (/wiki/Inuit) peoples using sealskin (/wiki/Sealskin) and caribou (/wiki/Caribou) skin. Mukluks were designed for maneuverability and warmth, and were blind stitched (/wiki/Blind_stitch) with sinew (/wiki/Sinew) thread to make watertight seams, thus being suitable for tundra (/wiki/Tundra) . European adoption of mukluks in turn influenced Indigenous crafting by introducing new materials, sewing techniques, and styles, as seen in the increased used of tassels (/wiki/Tassels) and new beading patterns (/wiki/Beadwork) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Habitants (/wiki/Habitants) ( French-Canadian (/wiki/French-Canadian) farmers and fishers) comprised 80% of the population of New France (/wiki/New_France) by the time of the British conquest in 1763 (/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)) . Habitant clothing was largely homemade or spun by local weavers (/wiki/Weaving) , usually using linen (/wiki/Linen) , hemp (/wiki/Hemp) , or wool, and lined with leather (/wiki/Leather) or fur (/wiki/Fur_clothing) , and was similar to the conservative clothing worn in the French countryside. Men tended to wear a shift (/wiki/Shift_(clothing)) or shirt (/wiki/Shirt) , breeches (/wiki/Breeches) , wool stockings (/wiki/Stockings) , sometimes a vest or waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) , and either leather shoes (/wiki/Shoes) , clogs (/wiki/Clogs) or moccasins (/wiki/Moccasins) . Men would also wear breechclouts (/wiki/Breechclouts) or toques (/wiki/Toque) depending on the season. Daily-wear for women included cotton shifts, woolen skirts (/wiki/Skirts) over a petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) , wool stockings held up by garters (/wiki/Garters) , bodices (/wiki/Bodices) , bonnets (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) , and buckle shoes or clogs. Habitant women also kept dresses (/wiki/Dresses) , mantles (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) , aprons (/wiki/Aprons) , and shawls (/wiki/Shawls) . [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) The bourgeoisie (/wiki/Bourgeoisie) of New France generally wore clothes with comparatively finer fabrics, such as silk (/wiki/Silk) and velvet (/wiki/Velvet) , and utilized a wider variety of colour. Men often wore wigs and tri-corner hats (/wiki/Tricorne) with feathers, decorative buttons, and braids, and tended to have embroideries on their clothing. Bourgeois men also tended to wear ties or scarves made of muslin (/wiki/Muslin) . Bourgeois women wore decorative fashions, such as blouses with lace collars and skirts with pleats (/wiki/Pleats) , generally more fitted dresses and dress coats than their lower-class counterparts, and often carried fans or parasols (/wiki/Parasols) . [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) New France nobility wore similar fashions to the bourgeoisie, but were generally more lavish and extravagant in their fabrics and designs. Men wore wigs and tri-corner hats, although before the 18th century, these wigs were often so large that hats had to be carried underarm. They wore shirts with lace collars and cuffs, Steinkerque lace cravats (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) , gold and silver-threaded vests and coats, and silk pants, stockings, and shoes. Noblemen also often carried canes, wore gloves, and even as wigs downsized, the tradition of carrying hats underarm persisted. [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) Noble women wore bonnets decorated with lace and gems (often in the shape of butterflies), as well as blouses adorned with frilled lace and with funnel-shaped lace sleeves. Their dresses and skirts often had gold and silver thread, floral designs, fringes, and were typically layered over petticoats. Dress trains (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) in New France were also traditionally cut to length in accordance with one's level of nobility. Like their male counterparts, noble women wore silk stockings and shoes. Accessories included parasols, gloves, and gold and silver ribbons that often held garments together. [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) Post-New France and the new British colonies (1760s to 1800s) [ edit ] See also: 1750–1775 in Western fashion (/wiki/1750%E2%80%931775_in_Western_fashion) and 1775–1795 in Western fashion (/wiki/1775%E2%80%931795_in_Western_fashion) The Coming of the Loyalists by Henry Sandham (/wiki/Henry_Sandham) (c. between 1880 and 1910), depicting a romanticised arrival of United Empire Loyalists to a New Brunswick (/wiki/New_Brunswick) shore. The men are shown in century coats, waistcoats, and tricorne hats, while the women wear brightly coloured dresses, shawls, and ornamented hats. Though the early years following the British conquest of New France (/wiki/Conquest_of_New_France_(1758-1760)) did not see a dramatic shift in the way of working-class fashion, the changing styles among the upper-classes in England and France did influence those of the Canadian colonies. Fashions of upper-class Canadian women reflected those of their European counterparts, such as through the use of lace, boned stays, pastels, and ruffles. Though English styles were incorporated into the wardrobes of French-Canadian women, these styles were more prevalent in English-majority areas during this period, particularly in Upper Canada (/wiki/Upper_Canada) and the Atlantic colonies (/wiki/Canadian_maritimes) , where immigrants from Britain and the influx of United Empire Loyalists (/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalists) tended to settle. English and French styles during this time were typically distinguished by their level of extravagance; English-Canadian dresses tended to be more toned-down and conservative. [6] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-06-30-6) In contrast to the macaroni fashion (/wiki/Macaroni_(fashion)) that took off in London (/wiki/London) during the Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) , men's fashion in the Canadian colonies tended to shift toward a comparatively casual and sleek appearance. Men's clothes in the latter part of the 18th century became tighter over time, and three-piece suits (/wiki/Suit) started to become more commonplace. [6] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-06-30-6) Regency Era (1810s to 1830s) [ edit ] See also: 1795–1820 in Western fashion (/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_Western_fashion) , 1820s in Western fashion (/wiki/1820s_in_Western_fashion) , and 1830s in Western fashion (/wiki/1830s_in_Western_fashion) Major-General The Hon. Aeneas Shaw by John Wycliffe Lowes Forster (/wiki/John_Wycliffe_Lowes_Forster) (1902), depicting Æneas Shaw (/wiki/%C3%86neas_Shaw) in a scarlet tailcoat with golden epaulettes (/wiki/Epaulettes) and buttons, white trousers, and a black cape with red lining The Regency era (/wiki/Regency_era) marks the beginning of the Great Migration of Canada (/wiki/Great_Migration_of_Canada) , in which roughly 800,000 migrants, largely from the British Isles (/wiki/British_Isles) , moved to British North America. As a result, London upper-class fashions, such as those of the Romantic movement (/wiki/Romantic_movement) and the dandy (/wiki/Dandy) trend, became much more predominant throughout the Canadian colonies; in Upper Canada, the Maritimes, and even in Lower Canada (/wiki/Lower_Canada) , where a Francophone majority persisted. In Fashion: A Canadian Perspective , Alexandra Palmer explains that "by the 1830s Lower Canadian professionals were spending a greater proportion of their income (some 20%) on attire. This was more than any other class, making them leaders in fashion as well as politics. They were, for example, early purchasers not only of trousers but also the stylish Wellington (/wiki/Wellington_boots) and Brunswick boots advertised in Lower Canadian newspapers after 1815. […] These men went from wearing wigs or tying back their own long hair […] to short natural styles." "Dandy" fashion entailed some common elements: dark colours, blue tailcoats with gold buttons, white muslin shirts, trousers replacing breeches, fabrics like silk, wool, cotton, and buckskin, and generally tight-fitting clothes. Other important articles and accessories for upper-class men included black silk tophats (/wiki/Tophats) (or "toppers"), cravats, gloves, canes, pocket watches (/wiki/Pocket_watches) , monocles (/wiki/Monocles) , and greatcoats (/wiki/Greatcoats) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The black-on-red tartan pattern (/wiki/Clan_Gregor#Tartans) was used in the fabrication of mackinaw jackets during the War of 1812 Women's high fashion took a dramatic shift from the understated fashions of decades prior as extravagant styles became popular, utilizing such elements as poofy sleeves, bell-shaped skirts, elaborate hats, and ribbons. Empire dresses (/wiki/Empire_silhouette) from the early part of the century were high-waisted with a fitted bodice, and were flowing and loose fitting at the bottom. Preceding years over the course of this period saw older styles blending into new, such as dresses with "empire" waistlines but with fuller skirts, and also saw the beginnings of gigot-style sleeves as a trend. As sleeves expanded during the 1820s, the common fashion for waistlines also inched lower overtime. [8] (#cite_note-8) During the War of 1812 (/wiki/War_of_1812) , the mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) was invented out of necessity. During the occupation of Fort Mackinac (/wiki/Fort_Mackinac) , the British commander Charles Roberts (/wiki/Charles_Roberts_(soldier,_died_1816)) requisitioned a supply of Hudson's Bay point blankets from the British Indian Department (/wiki/British_Indian_Department) to manufacture greatcoats for the coming winter. Due to the shortage of blue fabric needed to complete the order, the balance was supplemented by blankets with a black-on-red tartan (/wiki/Tartan) pattern. After being advised by a dispatch runner on the impracticality of travelling in long greatcoats between Montreal and Mackinaw during winter due to snowdrifts (/wiki/Snowdrift) , it was recommended that they instead fabricate shorter double-breasted (/wiki/Double-breasted) jackets, thus inventing what became known as the '’mackinaw jacket'’. [9] (#cite_note-WooleySketches-9) [10] (#cite_note-TTS-10) Confederation Era (1840s to 1890s) [ edit ] See also: Victorian fashion (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) , 1840s in Western fashion (/wiki/1840s_in_Western_fashion) , 1850s in Western fashion (/wiki/1850s_in_Western_fashion) , 1860s in Western fashion (/wiki/1860s_in_Western_fashion) , 1870s in Western fashion (/wiki/1870s_in_Western_fashion) , 1880s in Western fashion (/wiki/1880s_in_Western_fashion) , and 1890s in Western fashion (/wiki/1890s_in_Western_fashion) Painting of the Bowman (/wiki/Bowmanville) family by an unknown artist (c.1840s). Store-owner Charles Bowman and his sons are dressed in three-piece suits while his wife and daughters wear dresses. Additions and accessories include Charles' stock tie, his wife's bonnet, his older daughter's shawl, and his younger daughter's capelet. Everyday fashion for women during the Confederation era (/wiki/Canadian_Confederation) was characterized by variety, ornamentation, and ever-changing styles. Dresses in the 1830s were notable for their width, voluminousness, and gigot-style sleeves. The 1850s saw the popularity of crinolines skirts and bell-shaped shirts. Over time, the fashionability of the perch at the back of the dress shifted to smoother lines, akin to an "hour-glass" shape by the end of the 19th century. Canadian middle-class women often had to modify their existing attire to sustain the changing trends. [11] (#cite_note-11) Formal dress for Canadian women was important during this era due to the popularity of costumed theatre, skating carnivals, and balls (/wiki/Ballroom_dance) . Historical figures, such as Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) , were popular costume inspirations, and great care was taken to achieve historical accuracy whilst keeping in line with contemporary fashion. The 1870s, for example, saw the popularity of the "princess-style dress", which was sewn without a waistline and incorporated a white wig and regal velvet sleeve detail. These events were typically themed to celebrate Canadian history (/wiki/Canadian_history) or the British Empire (/wiki/British_Empire) , and had a function of disseminating educational themes of technological progress, art, and literature through local newspapers. [12] (#cite_note-12) Women's outerwear had to adapt to the changing styles of dress. For example, with the 1850s crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) trend, overcoats were exchanged for shawls. The paisley shawl (/wiki/Paisley_shawl) , which were already in common use in Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) and the British Raj (/wiki/British_Raj) , was particularly popular during this time. Hats and bonnets also became particularly popular in the 1880s and 90s, and millinery (/wiki/Millinery) became a growing trade for women, separate from dressmaking (/wiki/Dressmaking) . Materials such as ribbons, lace, flowers, feathers, and sometimes bird ornaments were artistically incorporated as hats came to be seen as increasingly stylish and not simply functional attire. [13] (#cite_note-13) Leslie Ward (/wiki/Leslie_Ward) 's caricatures of Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal (/wiki/Donald_Smith,_1st_Baron_Strathcona_and_Mount_Royal) , 1900 (left), and Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier (/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier) , 1897 (right), as published in Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)) . Strathcona and Laurier are illustrated wearing professional attire typical of this period; dark three-piece suits, white collars, and morning coats. Professional attire became increasingly prominent with Canada's burgeoning middle class. These clothes were required to be low-maintenance and perceived as respectable, as masculine fashions gradually shifted from the decorative styles of previous eras in favour of black suits. Though custom-made suits were worn by wealthy and prominent professionals, cheaper ready-made suits became more widely available and marketed through mail-order catalogues by companies like T. Eaton Co. (/wiki/Eaton%27s) and Dupuis Frères. [14] (#cite_note-14) Fur coats were common during the winter months, as seen in the distinctive designs of R.J. Devlin, who made beaver-fur greatcoats that were known to be particularly popular among members of the Ontario Legislative Assembly (/wiki/Ontario_Legislative_Assembly) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Increasing simplicity in men's everyday wear provided the opportunity for personal flare through luxury ornaments and accessories. Such items included pocket watches, detachable collars, ties, cravats, stocks (/wiki/Stock_tie) , and tophats. [16] (#cite_note-16) Other men's fashions came in the form of leisure and club wear. Sporting attire was produced to meet demand from the increasing interest in activities like hockey (/wiki/Ice_hockey) , equestrian (/wiki/Equestrianism) , cycling (/wiki/Cycling) , walking, and swimming. For example, breeches became more vogue due to the popularity of horseback riding and cycling. [17] (#cite_note-17) The rise in membership of fraternal organizations (/wiki/Fraternity) , such as the Freemasons (/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada) and the Orange Order (/wiki/Orange_Order_in_Canada) , saw an increased use of ceremonial garments. Such garments included the Freemasons' apron, based on the functional attire of medieval stonemasons and adorned with Masonic symbols, ribbons, and rosettes, and the collar of the Orange Order in Canada, which was embroidered with British-Canadian symbols like the thistle, shamrock, rose, and maple leaf. [18] (#cite_note-18) Left: ornate wool dress tailored by J.J. Miloy (1887). Right: wool doeskin (/wiki/Doeskin) skirt-suit with a silk velvet collar, silk lining, and mother-of-pearl (/wiki/Nacre) buttons by William St. Pierre Ltd. (c. 1900) The mid-19th century saw the development of local, custom-made clothing industries and the increase in prestige of fashion design as a trade. Canadian fashion designers during this period were dressmakers and tailors (/wiki/Tailors) who often ran local storefronts, which may have also sold fabrics and accessories, catering to local urban markets such as Toronto, Montreal, and Ottawa. These businesses often operated under the name of the owner-designer, and by the late 19th to early 20th century, city directories listed an outstanding quantity of local tailors and dressmaking shops. This period also saw labels (/wiki/Brand) become a common industry practice for designers to guarantee their authorship, and department stores began selling designer clothing alongside ready-made selections. Famous elite Canadian designers during this period include G.M. Holbrook (Ottawa), William Stitt and Co. and O'Brien (Toronto), and J.J. Miloy (Montreal), who were notably patronized by the governor general (/wiki/Governor_general_of_Canada) Frederick Arthur Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby (/wiki/Frederick_Arthur_Stanley,_16th_Earl_of_Derby) and his wife, Lady Stanley. [19] (#cite_note-19) Edwardian Era, World War 1, and Interwar Period (1900s to 1930s) [ edit ] See also: 1900s in Western fashion (/wiki/1900s_in_Western_fashion) , 1910s in Western fashion (/wiki/1910s_in_Western_fashion) , 1920s in Western fashion (/wiki/1920s_in_Western_fashion) , and 1930–1945 in Western fashion (/wiki/1930%E2%80%931945_in_Western_fashion) Eaton's Spring and Summer Catalogue (1916) Edwardian (/wiki/Edwardian_era) women's fashion was characterized notably by the preeminence of Parisian haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , which had a marked influence on western fashion broadly, including in the Dominion of Canada. For example, the S-shaped "columnar silhouette", made popular by Parisian couturiers , saw the phasing out of corsets which were fundamental to the fashions of the previous era. [20] (#cite_note-20) Mass-produced (/wiki/Mass-produced) clothing also started to become more prevalent, which squeezed the local custom garment industry, particularly in men's wear. Notable Canadian designers during the 1920s and 30s include Madame Martha, who designed and sold couture clothing in Toronto, and Ida Desmarais, who designed gowns (/wiki/Gowns) for a Montreal clientele. Gaby Bernier and Marie-Paule Nolin were also important Montreal designers who established their practices during the 1930s. The influx of imports from European designers, particularly those of Paris (/wiki/Paris) , to Canadian department stores like Eaton's, Simpson's, and Holt Renfrew presented further challenges for local producers, although some Canadian designers had garnered enough brand recognition to maintain a presence with department stores, such as Madame Martha's "French Salon" at the Simpson's Toronto location, and Marie-Paule Nolin's in-store salon and couture workroom at Holt Renfrew's Montreal location. [21] (#cite_note-21) Left: Service dress of Captain Noel Farrow, Canadian Expeditionary Force (/wiki/Canadian_Expeditionary_Force) (1917), as displayed at Glenbow Museum (/wiki/Glenbow_Museum) . Right: "New Easter Frocks, Undeniably Chic and Cleverly Designed" from Canadian Home Journal (1920). The Edwardian era saw the brightly-coloured military regalia (/wiki/Military_uniform) , typical of the previous century, replaced with the Canadian-patterned service dress jacket (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) , which was intended to double as both a field and dress jacket. This jacket was characterized by a stand-up collar secured by hooks and eyes, a 5 to 7-button front closure, two box-pleated breast-pockets with scalloped flaps and buttons, two hip-pockets with flaps, gauntlet-style cuffs, and sometimes coloured shoulder straps. During the First World War (/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada_during_World_War_I) , an economy version of this service jacket was introduced in the form of the "Kitchener Pattern", which notably replaced box-pleats at the breast-pockets with standard pockets. [22] (#cite_note-22) Efforts toward women's rights (/wiki/Women%27s_rights) by suffragettes (/wiki/Suffragettes) , particularly Canada's Famous Five (/wiki/The_Famous_Five_(Canada)) , as well as an increase in women's participation in sport, helped to advance changing ideals for the woman's role in Canadian society, which was reflected through developments in fashion. Canadian women's fashion in the 1920s continued a shift away from the more physically restrictive styles of the Confederation era and toward generally more comfortable garments, such as trousers and short skirts. Similar to the developing fashion scenes of other western countries, the flapper (/wiki/Flapper) style became popular among Canadian women during this decade. As the decade developed, particular styles of women's articles gained popularity in this vein, such as shift dresses, straight bodices, collars, and all-in-one lingerie, and the corset became increasingly substituted by chemise (/wiki/Chemise) dresses or camisoles (/wiki/Camisoles) and bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) . [23] (#cite_note-23) The 1920’s also saw developments in the way of men's suits. Similar to women's fashions of the time, everyday suit-wear became less formal and more considerate of personal comfort. Shorter suit jackets replaced formal long suit jackets for casual wear. The service uniforms of the First World War influenced men's jackets of the early 1920s; they tended to be high-waisted with narrow lapels. Trousers during this part of the decade also tended to be narrow. The latter half of the decade saw the typical suit jacket develop a lower waistline, wider lapels, and Oxford bags (/wiki/Oxford_bags) became more popular in place of narrower pants. Men's headwear during this time was typically stratified by class; upper-class men tended to wear tophats or homburg hats (/wiki/Homburg_hats) , the middle-class tended to wear fedoras (/wiki/Fedoras) , bowler hats (/wiki/Bowler_hat) , or trilby hats (/wiki/Trilby) , while working-class men tended to wear newsboy caps (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) or flat caps (/wiki/Flat_Cap) . [24] (#cite_note-24) World War 2 and Post-war Era (1940s to 1950s) [ edit ] See also: 1945–1960 in Western fashion (/wiki/1945%E2%80%931960_in_Western_fashion) This Chatelaine cover (1943) depicts a woman, or "career girl", in a simple buttoned shirt at a desk with a typewriter. The bottom text encourages the reader to buy war savings stamps (/wiki/Savings_stamp) . The Second World War (/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II) temporarily, but drastically, altered the Canadian public's relationship with fashion. Textiles and metals that were typically used in the production of clothing were often redirected from consumer fashion and toward the war effort. More functional and practical clothing was culturally encouraged and regulated, as the national consciousness focused on a collective effort toward liberating Europe. Feminine fashion, in particular, reflected working class roles as women took up occupations traditionally filled by men, and was even described as an expression of patriotism. In the 1941 Chatelaine feature titled "How Do We Dress From Here?", Carolyn Damon wrote that "today we think more seriously, and so we dress more seriously." [25] (#cite_note-25) As part of the War Measures Act (/wiki/War_Measures_Act) , the Wartime Prices and Trade Board (/wiki/Wartime_Prices_and_Trade_Board) became responsible for the control of goods and services, which affected the country's fashion economy dramatically. The WPTB's mandate included supply allocation, manufacturing capacity, labour allotment, product design, product change regulations, distribution of goods and services, and price controls. Because the manufacturing capacity and fabrics of certain clothing articles, such as jackets and pants, directly contradicted the production of military clothing, a simplification program for consumer fashion was enforced, which had the effect of reducing the diversity of available styles, silhouettes, colours, and dimensions. Despite these restrictions, the perpetuation of fashion nonetheless persisted. Newspapers (/wiki/History_of_Canadian_newspapers) , newsmagazines (/wiki/Newsmagazines) , and magazines (/wiki/List_of_Canadian_magazines) consistently published columns, stories, and features dedicated to opinions and developments in fashion. New clothing designs, accessory descriptions, and stories addressing WPTB restrictions were continuously published throughout the war. [26] (#cite_note-26) Women's "skirt-suit" modeled in Chatelaine magazine's April 1942 edition Women's fashion and fashion journalism continued to develop during the war, as demonstrated through seasonal style changes and the adoption of new clothing articles. For example, the summer fashions of 1940 were described as "gracefully feminine", while the following autumn shifted to a comparatively narrower silhouette, and the spring of 1941 was distinguished by reduced shoulder padding and shorter and narrower skirts. Women's suits (typically consisting of a jacket and skirt), in particular, became an important fashion story, turning into a common wardrobe staple and being described as a "Canadian tradition". In the spring of 1942, the popularity of suits even overtook that of coats and dresses. Similarly, the increased appropriation of slacks by women, a typically male garment at the time, was a major wartime story that represented a shift in gender roles. Manufacturers often developed uniforms for their workforce, which tended to include comfortable low heels, short-sleeved blouses, slacks, and a bandana (/wiki/Bandana) or snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Department store catalogues, such as those of Eaton's, Simpson's, and Dupuis Frères, continued to have an important influence on women's fashion in the years following the end of the war. Although rural women in particular mostly used catalogues to order fabrics (from which they would fabricate their own clothing based on designs found in the catalogues), ready-to-wear fashions grew more prevalent as these catalogues became increasingly important to Canadian consumer culture. [28] (#cite_note-28) Dresses in the 1940s and 50s post-war era shifted away from the pre-war styles of the 1920s and 30s, which emphasized a natural look with shortened skirts, shorter sleeves, lower necklines, and relatively loose-fitting dresses with a somewhat square shape. Post-war dresses tended to fit tighter at the top, while wide and full at the bottom. Corsets, crinolines, and girdles returned to fashion during this period, as the emphasis on slimness increased via the influence of commercial advertising. Catalogues also promoted youth as the standard of feminine beauty, advertising products like creams (/wiki/Lotion) , hair treatments, complexion pills, and clothes which lent themselves to a more youthful appearance (such as corsets and girdles). Modeling displayed in catalogues distributed between western (/wiki/Western_Canada) and eastern Canada (/wiki/Eastern_Canada) had notable differences, as these strict standards for youth and beauty were emphasised more in eastern markets; catalogues issued in western Canada tended to be more liberal in using female models with fuller figures or more aged appearances. [29] (#cite_note-29) Fashion models (/wiki/Fashion_models) Joan Ward (left) and Barbara Ellis (right) compare fashions in a Simpson's catalogue from 1902 with the Fall and Winter Catalogue of 1952 This period was an important time in the development of Canada's department store landscape. With the imminent closing of the North American fur trade, the Hudson's Bay Company underwent a "modernization program" which involved entering the commercial retail space. Although the company had operated urban storefronts since the late 19th century, and had established department stores in western Canadian cities such as Vancouver, Victoria (/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia) , Winnipeg (/wiki/Winnipeg) , Saskatoon (/wiki/Saskatoon) , Calgary (/wiki/Calgary) , and Edmonton since the early 20th century, it was not until the company acquired Morgan's (/wiki/Henry_Morgan_%26_Company) in 1960 that it entered the larger markets in central Canada. This would begin a monopolising trend within Canada's developing retail landscape, as the company would go on to acquire Freimans (/wiki/Freimans) in 1972, Simpson's in 1978, and Woodward's (/wiki/Woodwards) in 1993. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Holt Renfrew also made important moves during the post-war era by closing key deals with leading haute couture fashion houses from France and Italy (notably the House of Christian Dior (/wiki/Dior) , which Holt Renfrew became the exclusive Canadian distributor for). The company expanded its sales operations in Edmonton, Calgary, and London (/wiki/London,_Ontario) during the early 1950s, and established key outlets at some of Canada's grand railway hotels (/wiki/Grand_railway_hotels_of_Canada) , such as the Royal York (/wiki/Fairmont_Royal_York) , Chateau Frontenac (/wiki/Chateau_Frontenac) , and Château Laurier (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Laurier) . [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) By 1958, most women's clothing sold in Canada was manufactured domestically, with skilled workers able to produce up to 15 dresses a day on average, although both the textiles and designs were often imported. For example, the "Parisian chemise", which was introduced to European markets two years prior, was first sold in Canadian stores during this year. [34] (#cite_note-34) In 1954, the Association of Canadian Couturiers was founded, which was mandated with establishing a recognisable identity and media presence for Canadian design in the broader international market. Renowned members included Montreal's Jacques de Montjoye and Toronto's Frederica. After producing the first all-Canadian fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) during their inaugural year, the Association continued to produce shows in Canadian cities twice a year, until they disbanded in 1968. [35] (#cite_note-35) Late 20th Century (1960s to 1990s) [ edit ] See also: 1960s in fashion (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) , 1970s in fashion (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) , 1980s in fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) , and 1990s in fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) The first Club Monaco store opened on Queen Street, Toronto (/wiki/Queen_Street,_Toronto) in 1985 In 1974, the Fashion Designers Association of Canada was founded, which was mandated to promote Canadian designers as well as generate appreciation for the fashion industry's contribution to Canadian society as a whole. This Association was partly founded by Michel Robichaud and Marielle Fleury, who became globally renown when their designs toured Europe in the lead-up to Expo 67 (/wiki/Expo_67) . Other notable members included Montreal's Léo Chevalier and John Warden, and Toronto's Pat McDonagh, Claire Haddad, Marilyn Brooks, and Elen Henderson. The Association held seasonal fashion shows in both Toronto and Montreal until 1980, when it disbanded. [36] (#cite_note-36) Despite the dissolution of two fashion design associations in the 60s and 80s, the developing export market in the final decades of the 20th century marked an increase in global recognition of Canadian fashion design. Canadian fashion designers that garnered significant international reputations during this era include Alfred Sung (/wiki/Alfred_Sung) (co-founder of Club Monaco (/wiki/Club_Monaco) ), Jean-Claude Poitras, Simon Chang (/wiki/Simon_Chang_(designer)) , Hilary Radley, Linda Lundstrom (/wiki/Linda_Lundstrom) , and Wayne Clark. [37] (#cite_note-37) Furthermore, Canada's third and current fashion design association, the Fashion Design Council of Canada (/wiki/Fashion_Design_Council_of_Canada) , was founded at the end of the millennium, operating as "the national trade association representing the interests of the Canadian fashion design industry." [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) The late 20th century constitutes an era in which many of Canada's most prolific brands were founded. This includes Ontario brands such as Sorel (/wiki/Sorel_(brand)) (1962), Roots (/wiki/Roots_Canada) (1973), and Moores (/wiki/Moores) (1980); Quebec brands such as Aldo (/wiki/Aldo_Group) (1972), Ardene (/wiki/Ardene) (1982), and Boutique La Vie en Rose (/wiki/Boutique_La_Vie_en_Rose) (1984); and British Columbia brands such as Aritzia (/wiki/Aritzia) (1984), Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) (1989), and Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) (1998). Fashion industry [ edit ] See also: List of Canadian clothing store chains (/wiki/List_of_Canadian_clothing_store_chains) Economy [ edit ] Roots store on Bloor St., Toronto As of 2023, the Canadian fashion industry is estimated to have generated a revenue of US$17.85bn, and revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate of 12.47% until 2027, resulting in a projected market volume of US$28.56bn. [40] (#cite_note-40) Canadian brands include Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) , Canada Goose (/wiki/Canada_Goose_(clothing)) , Frank and Oak, Herschel Supply Co. (/wiki/Herschel_Supply_Co.) , Hilary MacMillan, Hudson North, Kit and Ace (/wiki/Kit_and_Ace) , Kotn (/wiki/Kotn) , Lesley Hampton (/wiki/Lesley_Hampton) , Mackage (/wiki/Mackage) , Mejuri, Naked and Famous, Oak + Fort, Rudsak, Smash + Tess, Soia & Kyo, Sorel (/wiki/Sorel_(brand)) , and Tentree. Many Canadian clothing store chains also distribute their own original brands, such as Ardene (/wiki/Ardene) , Aritzia (/wiki/Aritzia) , ALDO (/wiki/ALDO) , Bluenotes (/wiki/Bluenotes) , Boutique La Vie en Rose (/wiki/Boutique_La_Vie_en_Rose) , Club Monaco (/wiki/Club_Monaco) , Garage (/wiki/Garage_(clothing_retailer)) , Harry Rosen (/wiki/Harry_Rosen) , Le Château (/wiki/Le_Ch%C3%A2teau) , Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) , Moores (/wiki/Moores) , Reitmans (/wiki/Reitmans) , Roots Canada (/wiki/Roots_Canada) , Tip Top Tailors (/wiki/Tip_Top_Tailors) , and Urban Behaviour (/wiki/Urban_Behaviour) . Media [ edit ] Pink Tartan brand on display at the Spring 2015 Toronto Fashion Week in Pecaut Square (/wiki/Pecaut_Square) Fashion magazines published in Canada include Canadian Living (/wiki/Canadian_Living) , Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) , Dolce, Elle Canada (/wiki/Elle_Canada) , fab (/wiki/Fab_(magazine)) , Fashion Magazine (/wiki/Fashion_Magazine) , Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) , glow (/wiki/Glow_(magazine)) , Hello! Canada (/wiki/Hello!_Canada) , LOU LOU (/wiki/Lou_Lou) , NUVO, SHARP (/wiki/Sharp_(magazine)) , and Vancouver Magazine (/wiki/Vancouver_Magazine) . Industry events in Canada include Toronto Fashion Week (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) , Ottawa Fashion Week (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) , Montreal Fashion and Design Festival (/wiki/McGill_College_Avenue#Events) , Vancouver Fashion Week (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) , and Western Canada Fashion Week, among others. Some popular Canadian fashion models include Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) , Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) , Yasmin Warsame (/wiki/Yasmin_Warsame) , Stacey McKenzie (/wiki/Stacey_McKenzie) , Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) , Heather Marks (/wiki/Heather_Marks) , Andi Muise, and Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) . [41] (#cite_note-41) Education [ edit ] Bata Shoe Museum on Bloor St., Toronto Canadian schools with post-secondary programs in fashion design and marking include Ryerson University School of Fashion (/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University) , George Brown College (/wiki/George_Brown_College) , LaSalle College (/wiki/LaSalle_College) , Wilson School of Design at Kwantlen Polytechnic University (/wiki/Kwantlen_Polytechnic_University) , Seneca College (/wiki/Seneca_College) , Richard Robinson Fashion Design Academy (/wiki/Richard_Robinson_(fashion_designer)) , Fanshawe College (/wiki/Fanshawe_College) , Humber College (/wiki/Humber_College) , University of Alberta (/wiki/University_of_Alberta) , and School of Media, Art, & Design at St. Clair College (/wiki/St._Clair_College) . Museums in Canada dedicated to fashion and textiles, or that maintain significant collections dedicated to fashion history, include the Patricia Harris Gallery of Textiles & Costume at the Royal Ontario Museum (/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum) , McCord Stewart Museum (/wiki/McCord_Stewart_Museum) , the Textile Museum of Canada (/wiki/Textile_Museum_of_Canada) , the Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) , the Costume Museum of Canada (/wiki/Costume_Museum_of_Canada) , and the Mississippi Valley Textile Museum in Almonte, Ontario (/wiki/Almonte,_Ontario) . [42] (#cite_note-42) Trends and national costumes [ edit ] See also: Buffalo coat (/wiki/Buffalo_coat) , Canadian tuxedo (/wiki/Canadian_tuxedo) , Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) , Coonskin cap (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) , and Cowichan sweater (/wiki/Cowichan_sweater) Hudson's Bay Company catalogue advertisement for Mackinaw jackets (1936) Postcard illustration of a woman in a "typical Canadian winter dress" (1907) Canadian consumer fashion trends are linked to the legacy of the country's fashion history and are often an expression of the varied lifestyles associated with Canada's social classes and geography, as seen in athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) and functional apparel. The "blanket jacket", for example, is possibly Canada's first athleisure garment, and is a continuation of the capotes and mackinaw jackets fashioned from wool blankets. According to Fashion: A Canadian Perspective , "the blanket coat was often labeled in the press as a national costume that represented the Canadian identity." Modern Canadian brands, like Aritzia and Simons, have drawn inspiration from this model for their own products. Athleisure has had continued influence on Canadian fashion developments, as seen in the innovations in leggings (/wiki/Leggings) and sweatsuits during the late 20th century by Lululemon and Roots respectively. [43] (#cite_note-43) The parka (/wiki/Parka) is another traditional form of functional fashion, which originates from Indigenous cultures of Northern Canada (/wiki/Northern_Canada) , and has been adapted and marketed for upscale urban wear by brands such as Quartz Co. and Canada Goose. [44] (#cite_note-44) Since the mid-20th century, Canada has been a hub for innovation and design in winter boots, with local companies having integrated insulated footwear and convenient street styles. Examples include "cougar pillow" boots, First Nations-inspired moccasin footwear, and the waterproof cold-weather boots designed by Sorel. [45] (#cite_note-45) Various headwear (/wiki/Headwear) have been developed in Canada and have often carried cultural and historical significance. Beaver hats (/wiki/Beaver_hats) and their demand in the European market, for example, were an important driver of the Canadian fur trade. The Calgary white hat (/wiki/Calgary_White_Hat) is a more contemporary example; a garment of symbolic importance for the city of Calgary, Alberta, rooted in the traditional ranching and farming culture of the area. The "White Hat" provides Calgary with a sense of communal identity, an idealized citizen epitomized in the "Canadian cowboy", and a sense of living on the margins and distinction from perceived centralising powers within Canada. [46] (#cite_note-46) Although the knitted cap, or " beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) ", was not invented in Canada, it has none the less been distinguished within the Canadian consciousness as an important piece of national apparel. Other headgear that were developed in Canada include the tilley hat (/wiki/Tilley_Endurables) , the Pangnirtung (/wiki/Pangnirtung) (or "Pang") hat, and the "Christy stiff" variety of derby hat (/wiki/Derby_hat) . [47] (#cite_note-47) Equestrian style elements (/wiki/British_country_clothing) have had a marked influence on modern Canadian design and trends. With the enduring popularity of the "horse girl" aesthetic through clothing articles such as women's tailored blazers (/wiki/Blazer) , tall leather boots, crewneck (/wiki/Crewneck) sweaters, plaid barn jackets, and sleek leggings, this style has been a source of guidance for major brands like Smythe, Aldo, Roots, and Brunette the Label. [48] (#cite_note-48) Smythe's notoriety as a high-end designer of equestrian-inspired fashion was increased after their blazers were worn by the Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) at several public events, including the 2011 and 2016 royal tours of Canada (/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada) . Brands like Street and Saddle and Ellie Mae have adapted recreational equestrian styles for everyday and professional wear, particularly the autumn fashion season. [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) Uniforms [ edit ] Left: Billy Bishop (/wiki/Billy_Bishop) wearing a regulation fur wedge cap as a cadet at the Royal Military College (1914). Right: Mountie wearing her ceremonial uniform at the Vancouver Pride Parade (/wiki/Vancouver_Pride_Parade) (2009). Public service [ edit ] See also: Uniforms of the Canadian Armed Forces (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces) One of Canada's most recognizable and internationally-renown uniforms is the ceremonial outfit of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police) . This uniform consists of the Red Serge (/wiki/Red_Serge) (a scarlet military-pattern tunic, complete with a high-neck black collar), midnight-blue breeches with yellow trouser piping, an oxblood (/wiki/Oxblood) Sam Browne belt (/wiki/Sam_Browne_belt) with white sidearm lanyard (/wiki/Lanyard) and matching oxblood riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boots) , brown felt campaign hat (/wiki/Campaign_hat) (also known as the "stetson hat"), and oxblood gloves. [51] (#cite_note-51) The fur wedge cap (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) is a traditional piece of headgear for some Canadian police forces, such as the RCMP and Toronto Police Service (/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service) , as well as the Canadian Armed Forces (/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces) , where it was in use from the 1890s to the 1970s. It continues to be worn by officer cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada (/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada) . The outside layer of the cap is usually made from either synthetic fur (/wiki/Synthetic_fur) or an animal product, such as Persian lamb (/wiki/Persian_lamb) wool, and is designed to fold flat when not in use. [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-ref7-53) Non-governmental organisations [ edit ] There are a number of Canadian youth associations which require standard-issue uniforms for their members. One such organisation is the Girl Guides of Canada (/wiki/Girl_Guides_of_Canada) , which has had a myriad of different uniforms for each of its branches since its inception in 1909. The earliest known uniform for Guides included a navy-blue (/wiki/Navy-blue) skirt, a red biretta (/wiki/Biretta) or straw hat (for Summer), navy-blue stockings, white lanyard (/wiki/Lanyard) , and a jersey and neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) in "company colours". Currently, youth branches all maintain some variation of a navy-blue shirt or tunic with a trefoil (/wiki/Trefoil) , with optional sashes and scarves. [54] (#cite_note-54) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jennifer S.H. Brown. "Beaver Pelts" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/beaver-pelts) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Hudson's Bay Point Blanket Coat" (http://www.hbcheritage.ca/things/fashion-pop/hudsons-bay-point-blanket-coat) . HBC Heritage . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-northwest_journal-capots_3-0) "Capots (Art. III. Capots, with some Side Lights on Chiefs' Coats & Blankets, 1774-1821, by A. Gottfred.)" (http://www.northwestjournal.ca/XIII3.htm) . Northwest Journal Online . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) René R. Gadacz (20 October 2015). "Mukluk" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mukluk) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-03-20 . ^ a b c d Cadeau, C. "Fashion in New France (1700-1750)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2015/01/14/fashion-in-new-france-1700-1750/) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ a b Cadeau, C. "Women's Fashion After the Fall of New France (1760s to 1780s)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2015/06/30/womens-fashion-after-the-fall-of-new-france-1760s-to-1780s/#more-870) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Cadeau, C. "Men's Fashion During the Regency Era (1810s to 1830s)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2017/12/06/mens-fashion-during-the-regency-era-1810s-to-1830s/) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Cadeau, C. "Women's Fashion During the Regency Era (1810s to 1830s)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2018/01/02/womens-fashion-during-the-regency-era-1810s-to-1830s/) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-WooleySketches_9-0) Wooley, H. J. L. (1911). The (https://books.google.com/books?id=M6LhAAAAMAAJ) Sword of Old St. Joe . Chp V, pg 17-21. ^ (#cite_ref-TTS_10-0) Cutler, Charles L. (2002). Tracks that speak . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 25-26 (https://archive.org/details/tracksthatspeakl00char/page/25) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0618065105 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Everyday Clothing" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/womens-wear/everyday-clothing.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Fancy Dress" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/womens-wear/fancy-dress.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Outerwear and Accessories" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/womens-wear/outerwear-and-accessories.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Professional Attire" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/professional-attire.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Accessories and Outerwear" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/accessories-and-outerwear.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Accessories and Outerwear" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/accessories-and-outerwear.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Leisure and Sports Clothing" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/leisure-and-sports-clothing.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Club Wear" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/club-wear.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Cynthia Cooper. "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Edwardian fashion: A 5-minute Guide" (https://fiveminutehistory.com/edwardian-fashion-a-5-minute-guide/) . 5 Minute History . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Cynthia Cooper. "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Uniforms" (https://www.canadiansoldiers.com/uniforms/uniform.htm) . Canadian Soldiers . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Fatima Fyaaz. "Women and Fashion" (https://roaringtwentieshistoryproject.weebly.com/women-and-fashion.html) . The Roaring Twenties History Project . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Fatima Fyaaz. "Women and Fashion" (https://roaringtwentieshistoryproject.weebly.com/women-and-fashion.html) . The Roaring Twenties History Project . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Caton, Susan Turnbull (2004). "Fashion and War in Canada, 1939-1945". In Palmer, Alexandra (ed.). Fashion: A Canadian Perspective . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8020-8809-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Caton, Susan Turnbull (2004). "Fashion and War in Canada, 1939-1945". In Palmer, Alexandra (ed.). Fashion: A Canadian Perspective . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8020-8809-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Caton, Susan Turnbull (2004). "Fashion and War in Canada, 1939-1945". In Palmer, Alexandra (ed.). Fashion: A Canadian Perspective . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8020-8809-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Shirley Lavertu. "Catalogues and Women's Fashion" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cpm/catalog/cat2103e.html) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Shirley Lavertu. "Catalogues and Women's Fashion" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cpm/catalog/cat2103e.html) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "A chronology of key events in the history of the Hudson's Bay Company" (https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/a-chronology-of-key-events-in-the-history-of-the-hudsons-bay-company/) . The Canadian Press . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "History of HBC" (https://www.hbcheritage.ca/history#acquisitions) . HBC Heritage . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Alexandra Palmer (1 November 2001). Couture and commerce – the transatlantic fashion trade in the 1950s . UBC Press. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0774808262 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Holt Renfrew and Co. Ltd" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071203053925/http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/cr-holtrenfrew.htm) . Canadian Register of Commerce & Industry . University of Western Ontario. Archived from the original (http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/cr-holtrenfrew.htm) on 2007-12-03 . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Fashion, food and nuclear fear in the 1950s" (https://www.cbc.ca/archives/fashion-food-and-nuclear-fear-in-the-1950s-1.4698321) . CBC Archives . Retrieved 2023-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Fashion Design Council of Canada / Robin Kay, President" (https://lobbycanada.gc.ca/app/secure/ocl/lrs/do/vwRg;jsessionid=0001ThdWaTYQdWPkiw7UoRCuhVX:13B5VVUVLE?cno=13531&regId=500781) . Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Fashion - Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Statista . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Riaeleza. "8 Most Popular Canadian Fashion Models" (https://icycanada.com/8-most-popular-canadian-fashion-models/) . Icy Canada . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Canada" (https://www.fashionandtextilemuseums.com/canada/) . Fashion & Textile Museums . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Kristy Archibald. "6 Fashion Trends That Were Born in Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Nuvo Magazine . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Kristy Archibald. "6 Fashion Trends That Were Born in Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Nuvo Magazine . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Kristy Archibald. "6 Fashion Trends That Were Born in Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Nuvo Magazine . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Jeremy Klaszus (4 January 2016). "The White Hat: A Calgary symbol we love to hate" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/white-hat-calgary-symbol-love-hate-1.3368423) . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 2023-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Tuque" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tuque) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Aleesha Harris. "Equestrian style: The enduring allure of the 'horse girl' esthetic" (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/equestrian-style-the-enduring-allure-of-the-horse-girl-esthetic) . Vancouver Sun . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Aleesha Harris. "Style Q&A: A brand for the 'horse girl in all of us' (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/style-qa-a-brand-for-the-horse-girl-in-all-of-us) " (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/style-qa-a-brand-for-the-horse-girl-in-all-of-us) . Vancouver Sun . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Aleesha Harris. "Fall fashion: 10 top trends to shop from Canadian brands" (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/fall-fashion-10-top-trends-to-shop-from-canadian-brands) . Vancouver Sun . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Uniform Regulations for the RCMP" (https://www.rcmpolice.ca/dressregs.html) . RCMPolice.ca (unofficial blog) . Retrieved 2023-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Boulton, James J. (2000). Head-dress of the Canadian Mounted Police, 1873–2000 . Calgary: Bunker to Bunker Pub. pp. 89–96. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1894255070 . ^ (#cite_ref-ref7_53-0) e-Veritas, July 24, 2016, Headdress of the Royal Military College of Canada: A brief history by 8057 Ross McKenzie, former Curator RMC Museum (http://everitas.rmcclub.ca/?p=154491) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160813223155/http://everitas.rmcclub.ca/?p=154491) 2016-08-13 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Canadian Guiding Uniform History" (https://guidehistory.wordpress.com/canadian-guiding-uniform-history/) . GIRL GUIDE HISTORY TIDBITS . Retrieved 2024-01-04 . 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7th edition of the Miss Universe Nepal beauty pageant This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Miss_Universe_Nepal_2023) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Miss Universe Nepal 2023" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Miss+Universe+Nepal+2023%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Miss+Universe+Nepal+2023%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Miss+Universe+Nepal+2023%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Miss+Universe+Nepal+2023%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Miss+Universe+Nepal+2023%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Miss+Universe+Nepal+2023%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Miss Universe Nepal 2023 Date September 9, 2023 Venue Godavari Sunrise Convention Center (/wiki/Godavari_Sunrise_Convention_Center) , Lalitpur, Nepal (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) Broadcaster Kantipur Television (/wiki/Kantipur_Television) Director Uddhab Adhikari Entrants 37 Placements 22 Winner Jane Dipika Garrett (/wiki/Jane_Dipika_Garrett) Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) ← 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nepal_2022) 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nepal_2024) (Global Glamour Venture P.Ltd.) → Miss Universe Nepal 2023 was the 7th edition of the Miss Universe Nepal (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nepal) pageant and 4th iteration under Umanga Creations, held on September 9, 2023 in Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) . Sophiya Bhujel (/wiki/Sophiya_Bhujel) of Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) crowned Jane Dipika Garrett (/wiki/Jane_Dipika_Garrett) as 7th Miss Universe Nepal at the end of the event. [1] (#cite_note-win-1) Jane represented Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) at Miss Universe 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2023) , in El Salvador (/wiki/El_Salvador) and ended her journey as Top 20 finalist. Background [ edit ] The applications for Miss Universe Nepal 2023 were opened on June 15 and closed on August 5. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Miss Universe Nepal allowed for the very first time due to the newly implemented rules of the Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) organisation, for women who are either married, divorced, pregnant and mothers. [4] (#cite_note-4) The press conference (/wiki/Press_conference) of the contest was conducted at the Nepal Tourism Board Office in Kathmandu. It was announced that Asian Paints (/wiki/Asian_Paints) is to be chosen as the main sponsor of Miss Universe Nepal 2023. List of the main events in the Miss Universe Nepal 2023 pageant Location Date Event Venue Ref. Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) (5 June – 27 July) 5 June Registration Opening Virtual 27 July Press Conference Nepal Tourism Board Office, Kathmandu [5] (#cite_note-5) Final venue: Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) and Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) (5 August – 9 September) 5 August Registration Ending Virtual 6 August Quarterfinalists Announcement Virtual [6] (#cite_note-6) 9 August Top 30 Question and Answer Competition Virtual [7] (#cite_note-7) 11 August Top 30 Swimsuit Competition Virtual [8] (#cite_note-8) 2 August Semifinalists Announcement Virtual [9] (#cite_note-9) 16 August Top 22 Arrival Kathmandu 18 August Top 22 Press Presentation [10] (#cite_note-10) Dusit Princess Hotel, Kathmandu [11] (#cite_note-11) 3 September Close Camp Dusit Princess Hotel, Kathmandu 5 September Preliminary Competition Dusit Princess Hotel, Kathmandu 9 September Grand Finale Coronation Godavari Sunrise Convention Center (/wiki/Godavari_Sunrise_Convention_Center) , Lalitpur Results [ edit ] Color keys The contestant Won in an International pageant. The contestant was a Runner-up in an International pageant. The contestant was a Semi-Finalist in an International pageant. The contestant assumed another title. The contestant was not able to compete in an International pageant. The contestant did not place but won a Special Award in the pageant. The contestant did not place. Final results Contestant International pageant International Results Miss Universe Nepal 2023 (Winner) Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) – Jane Dipika Garrett [1] (#cite_note-win-1) [12] (#cite_note-12) § Miss Universe 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2023) Top 20 [13] (#cite_note-13) 1st runner-up Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) – Garima Ghimire Miss Grand International 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Grand_International_2023) Unplaced 2nd runner-up Adelaide, Australia (/wiki/Adelaide) - Buddhisara Sunar 3rd runner-up Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Shitashma Pokharel 4th runner-up Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Abhilasha Lamsal ฿ Top 10 Butwal (/wiki/Butwal) – Sarosy Neupane Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) – Sanskriti Chhetri Karki Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) – Alista Subedi Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Chanel Shrestha Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) – Puja Paudel Top 22 Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) – Prema Lamgade Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) – Sabina Chaudhary Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) – Mausami Shrestha Brisbane, Australia (/wiki/Brisbane) - Prarabdhi Gyawali Dang (/wiki/Dang_District,_Nepal) – Sushma RL Shahi Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) – Amisha Basnet Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) – Palistha Bajracharya Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) – Trishna Baniya Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Prapti Khadka Mahottari (/wiki/Mahottari_District) – Pooja Bhagat Nawalpur (/wiki/Nawalpur) – Manita Paswan Tehrathum (/wiki/Tehrathum_District) – Rojina Kafle (§) : The candidate won the Miss People's Choice Award (online voting) and got direct entry into Top 10 Finalists. (฿) : The candidate won the Social Impact Leader Award (Best BBB (Brave, Bold and Beautiful) Social Advocacy) and got direct entry into Top 10 Finalists. Special Awards and Sub-Contests [ edit ] Special Awards [ edit ] Award [1] (#cite_note-win-1) Contestant LeadX Social Impact Leader Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Abhilasha Lamsal NIU Miss Eco Infinity Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) – Prema Lamgade Byanjan Miss Lifestyle Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Shitashma Pokharel KTM CTY Miss Fabulous Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) – Alista Subedi AGNI Miss Fierce Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) – Puja Paudel Nepal Telecom Miss ICT Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Shitashma Pokharel WOW Magazine Miss Free & Fearless Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) – Prema Lamgade Miss People's Choice Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) – Jane Dipika Garrett MARTINI Sun Angel Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) – Puja Paudel Dusit Princess Miss Elegance Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Abhilasha Lamsal The Himalayan Times Miss Unstoppable Butwal (/wiki/Butwal) – Sarosy Neupane Röyale Bling Miss Dazzling Diva Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) – Shitashma Pokharel Röyale Play Miss Creative Canvas Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) – Amisha Basnet True Me Miss True Beauty Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Palistha Bajracharya Miss Popular Vote [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Miss_Universe_Nepal_2023) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( March 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The winner of the "Miss Popular Vote" was determined via a public voting on the Khalti app with the voting page for Miss Universe Nepal or using the Miss Universe Nepal website, held on 8 September in Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) . Final Top 22 Reveal 13 August 2023 Rank +/- Contestant Rank +/- Contestant 1 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Jane Dipika Garrett 12 3 Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) - Prema Lamgade 2 2 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Abhilasha Lamsal 13 5 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Palistha Bajracharya 3 Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Buddhisara Sunar 14 6 Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Prarabdhi Gyawali 4 1 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Shitashma Pokharel 15 3 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Amisha Basnet 5 10 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Garima Ghimire 16 5 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Prapti Khadka 6 2 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Sanskriti Chhetri Karki 17 Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) - Sabina Chaudhary 7 1 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Trishna Baniya 18 7 Dang (/wiki/Dang_District,_Nepal) - Sushma RL Shahi 8 2 Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) - Puja Paudel 19 18 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Mausami Shrestha 9 1 Butwal (/wiki/Butwal) - Sarosy Neupane 20 7 Mahottari (/wiki/Mahottari_District) - Pooja Bhagat 10 3 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Chanel Shrestha 21 2 Tehrathum (/wiki/Tehrathum_District) - Rojina Kafle 11 3 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Alista Subedi 22 Nawalpur (/wiki/Nawalpur) - Manita Paswan First Top 22 Reveal Rank +/- Contestant Rank +/- Contestant 1 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Jane Dipika Garrett 12 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Amisha Basnet 2 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Mausami Shrestha 13 Mahottari (/wiki/Mahottari_District) - Pooja Bhagat 3 Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Buddhisara Sunar 14 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Alista Subedi 4 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Sanskriti Chhetri Karki 15 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Garima Ghimire 5 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Shitashma Pokharel 16 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Abhilasha Lamsal 6 Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) - Puja Paudel 17 Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) - Sabina Chaudhary 7 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Chanel Shrestha 18 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Palistha Bajracharya 8 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Trishna Baniya 19 Tehrathum (/wiki/Tehrathum_District) - Rojina Kafle 9 Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) - Prema Lamgade 20 Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Prarabdhi Gyawali 10 Butwal (/wiki/Butwal) - Sarosy Neupane 21 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Prapti Khadka 11 Dang (/wiki/Dang_District,_Nepal) - Sushma RL Shahi 22 Nawalpur (/wiki/Nawalpur) - Manita Paswan First Top 29 Reveal 11 August 2023 Rank +/- Contestant Rank +/- Contestant 1 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Abhilasha Lamsal 16 Nawalpur (/wiki/Nawalpur) - Manita Paswan 2 Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) - Puja Paudel 17 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Prapti Khadka 3 Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) - Sabina Chaudhary 18 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Sudina Thapa Magar 4 Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Buddhisara Sunar 19 Butwal (/wiki/Butwal) - Sarosy Neupane 5 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Chanel Shrestha 20 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Amisha Basnet 6 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Trishna Baniya 21 Dang (/wiki/Dang_District,_Nepal) - Sushma RL Shahi 7 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Jane Dipika Garrett 22 Nepalgunj (/wiki/Nepalgunj) - Sakshi Bom 8 Tehrathum (/wiki/Tehrathum_District) - Rojina Kafle 23 Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Prarabdhi Gyawali 9 Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) - Prema Lamgade 24 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Shitashma Pokharel 10 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Garima Ghimire 25 Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) - Purneshwari Gurung 11 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Sanskriti Chhetri Karki 26 Myagdi (/wiki/Myagdi) - Soniya Ramdam 12 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Alista Subedi 27 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Sabina Malla 13 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Palistha Bajracharya 28 Mahottari (/wiki/Mahottari_District) - Pooja Bhagat 14 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Mausami Shrestha 29 Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) - Ojaswi Joshi 15 Janakpur (/wiki/Janakpur) - Gajal Karn 30 — Final Top 29 Reveal [ non-primary source needed ] 13 August 2023 Rank +/- Contestant Rank +/- Contestant 1 1 Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) - Puja Paudel 16 13 Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) - Sabina Chaudhary 2 2 Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Buddhisara Sunar 17 11 Mahottari (/wiki/Mahottari_District) - Pooja Bhagat 3 3 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Trishna Baniya 18 3 Janakpur (/wiki/Janakpur) - Gajal Karn 4 3 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Abhilasha Lamsal 19 5 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Shitashma Pokharel 5 16 Dang (/wiki/Dang_District,_Nepal) - Sushma RL Shahi 20 3 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Prapti Khadka 6 1 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Jane Dipika Garrett 21 2 Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) - Prarabdhi Gyawali 7 19 Myagdi (/wiki/Myagdi) - Soniya Ramdam 22 11 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Sanskriti Chhetri Karki 8 6 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Mausami Shrestha 23 4 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Sabina Malla 9 11 Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) - Amisha Basnet 24 5 Butwal (/wiki/Butwal) - Sarosy Neupane 10 2 Tehrathum (/wiki/Tehrathum_District) - Rojina Kafle 25 7 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Sudina Thapa Magar 11 2 Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) - Prema Lamgade 26 4 Nepalgunj (/wiki/Nepalgunj) - Sakshi Bom 12 1 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Palistha Bajracharya 27 2 Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) - Purneshwari Gurung 13 1 Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) - Alista Subedi 28 12 Nawalpur (/wiki/Nawalpur) - Manita Paswan 14 4 Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) - Garima Ghimire 29 Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) - Ojaswi Joshi 15 10 Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) - Chanel Shrestha 30 — Judges [ edit ] The contestants selected their judges from the Top 10 Q&A round. The contestants selected their judge through the category of which judge they want to talk to. The theme was Röyale Bling Colours, the judges had their selected colour for judging; Azure Sky, Desert Glow, Burst of Lime, Glorious Sunset, Truffle Surprise, Ocean Breeze, Age of Dawn, Rose Essence. Upaul Majumdar (Desert Glow) - Head of Practice in Tourism for Dolma Consulting Saurabh Jyoti (Age of Dawn) - Director of Jyoti Group Upasana Ghimire (Rose Essence) - Editor in Chief of Nari (magazine) (/wiki/Nari_(magazine)) Ayusha Shrestha Karki (Glorious Sunset) - World Miss University 2003 (/wiki/World_Miss_University) and Director/Founder of Meraki Nepal Rabi Raj Karnikar (Azure Sky) - Managing Director for Sun International and President of the Nepal Equestrian Association Surakshya Panta (/wiki/Surakshya_Panta) (Ocean Breeze) - Nepali actress Sangita Pahadi (Truffle Surprise) - Chief Commercial Officer of Nepal Telecom Nandini Lahe Thapa (Burst of Lime) - Senior Director of Nepal Tourism Board Candidates [ edit ] 37 candidates registered for the title of Miss Universe Nepal 2023. The Top 30 Quarterfinalists were announced on July 8, 2023. [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) Top 30 Final Round [ edit ] Number MUN Number Candidate Hometown Age Romanized name Nepali name 3 1003 Shitashma Pokharel [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) शिताश्मा पोखरेल Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) 23 4 1004 Sarosy Neupane [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) सरोशी न्यौपाने Butwal (/wiki/Butwal) 20 5 1005 Prarabdhi Gyawali [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) प्रबधि ज्ञवाली Brisbane, Australia (/wiki/Brisbane) 27 6 1006 Sakshi Bom [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) साक्षी बम Nepalgunj (/wiki/Nepalgunj) 23 7 1007 Prapti Khadka [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) प्राप्ति खड्का Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) 25 8 1008 Sabina Chaudhary [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) सबिना चौधरी Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) 27 10 1010 Purneshwari Gurung [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) पूर्णेश्वरी गुरुङ Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) 23 11 1011 Anu Shruti Bogati [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) अनु श्रुति बोगटी Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) 24 12 1012 Chanel Shrestha [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) च्यानल श्रेष्ठ Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) 24 14 1014 Prema Lamgade [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) प्रेमा लामगडे Bhairahawa (/wiki/Bhairahawa) 23 15 1015 Pooja Bhagat [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) पुजा भगत Mahottari (/wiki/Mahottari_District) 26 16 1016 Sabina Malla [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) सबिना मल्ल Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) 23 17 1017 Rojina Kafle [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) रोजिना काफ्ले Tehrathum (/wiki/Tehrathum_District) 23 18 1018 Garima Ghimire [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) गरिमा घिमिरे Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) 20 19 1019 Palistha Bajracharya [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) पलिष्ट बज्राचार्य Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) 22 20 1020 Amisha Basnet [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) अमिषा बस्नेत Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) 24 21 1021 Sanskriti Karki Chhetri [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) संस्कृति कार्की क्षेत्री Jhapa (/wiki/Jhapa) 20 23 1023 Trishna Baniya [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) तृष्णा बानिया Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) 22 24 1024 Sudina Thapa Magar [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) सुदिना थापा मगर Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) 18 25 1025 Buddhisara Sunar [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) बुद्धसार सुनार Adelaide, Australia (/wiki/Adelaide) 27 26 1026 Puja Paudel [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) पुजा पौडेल Pokhara (/wiki/Pokhara) 20 27 1027 Jane Dipika Garrett [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) जेन दीपिका ग्यारेट Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) 22 28 1028 Gajal Karn [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) गजल कर्ण Janakpur (/wiki/Janakpur) 25 29 1029 Manita Paswan [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) मनिता पासवान Nawalpur (/wiki/Nawalpur) 26 30 1030 Soniya Ramdam [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) सोनिया रामदम Myagdi (/wiki/Myagdi) 19 31 1031 Sushma RL Shahi [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) सुष्मा राज्यलक्ष्मी शाह Dang (/wiki/Dang_District,_Nepal) 23 33 1033 Abhilasha Lamsal [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) अभिलाषा लम्साल Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) 28 34 1034 Ojaswi Joshi [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) ओजस्वी जोशी Bhaktapur (/wiki/Bhaktapur) 25 36 1036 Alista Subedi [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) एलिस्टा सुवेदी Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) 24 37 1037 Mausami Shrestha [15] (#cite_note-qf-15) मौसमी श्रेष्ठ Biratnagar (/wiki/Biratnagar) 28 Top 37 Preliminary [ edit ] Number MUN Number Candidate Hometown Age Placement Romanized name Nepali name 1 1001 Smarika Aryal [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) स्मरिका अर्याल Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) Eliminated 2 1002 Sonika Thapa Magar [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) सोनिका थापा मगर Dipayal Silgadhi (/wiki/Dipayal_Silgadhi) 9 1009 Sreya Belbase [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) श्रेया बेलबासे New York, USA (/wiki/New_York_City) 13 1013 Nilam Dhungana [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) निलम ढुंगाना Bardibas (/wiki/Bardibas) 22 22 1022 Prathana Shrestha [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) प्राथना श्रेष्ठ Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) 32 1032 Ruhi Akhtar [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) रुही अख्तर 35 1035 Pranju KC [14] (#cite_note-candi-14) प्रञ्जु क्षत्रिय क्षेत्री Lalitpur (/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal) Crossovers and returnees [ edit ] Contestants who previously competed in previous editions of Miss Universe Nepal (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nepal) and other local and international beauty pageants with their respective placements: City pageants [ edit ] Face of Janakpur 2023: Gajal Karn (WINNER) National pageants [ edit ] Miss Universe Nepal 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nepal_2022) : Sabina Chaudhary (Top 40) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Nepal_2022) : Nilam Dhungana (Top 61) Miss Supranational Nepal 2023: Sarosy Neupane (1st Runner-up) [16] (#cite_note-16) Miss Nation Nepal 2023: Gajal Karn (WINNER) Miss Diamond Nepal 2021: Sarosy Neupane (WINNER) [17] (#cite_note-17) Miss Asia Nepal 2018: Prapti Khadka (Top 10) Miss Princess Nepal 2012: Prapti Khadka (Top 5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Jane Dipika Garrett Crowned the "Asian Paints Miss Universe Nepal 2023" (https://nepalinfrastructure.com/10246/) " (https://nepalinfrastructure.com/10246/) . Nepal Infrastructure. September 11, 2023 . Retrieved November 19, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) @mun_missuniversenepal (June 14, 2023). "Save the date! 💫 Entries are opening for Miss Universe Nepal 2023 tomorrow! Submit your application via the "Khalti" app or explore www.missuniversenp.com for more details" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CteGCqbg8_3/) . Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) @mun_missuniversenepal (August 3, 2023). "👑 Calling all extraordinary women! 👑 Miss Universe Nepal 2023 registration is OPEN! 🌟" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CvcmQzLyThQ/) . Retrieved August 4, 2023 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Married, divorce, mother, pregnant can participate in Miss Universe Nepal" (https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/15427) . The Rising Nepal . Retrieved July 9, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Applications for Miss Universe Nepal open" (https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/30058) . GorakhaPatra . Retrieved February 29, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Top 30 Quarterfinalists Announcement" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cf1fg4lsKwx/) . Instagram . Retrieved August 19, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Top 30 Question and Answer Competition" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CvrnGK7yARs/) . Instagram . Retrieved August 19, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Top 30 Swimsuit Competition" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cvup44fSuPm/) . Instagram . Retrieved August 19, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Top 20 Semifinalists Announcement" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cv4lKIeSh0t/) . Instagram . Retrieved August 19, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) ktmmag (September 5, 2023). "Final contestants of Asian Paints Miss Universe Nepal finished the preliminary round" (https://ktmmag.com/index.php/2023/09/05/final-contestants-of-asian-paints-miss-universe-nepal-finished-the-preliminary-round/) . KTMMAG . Retrieved February 29, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) " (https://www.bikashnews.com/2023/08/19/431228.html) 'एसियन पेन्ट्स मिस युनिभर्स नेपाल २०२३' का २२ जना अन्तिम प्रतिस्पर्धीहरू सार्वजनिक" (https://www.bikashnews.com/2023/08/19/431228.html) . Bikash News (in Nepali) . Retrieved August 19, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Miss Universe 2023: Miss Nepal Jane Dipika Garrett scripts History To Become The First Plus-Size model" (https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/fashion/shows/miss-universe-2023-miss-nepal-jane-dipika-garrett-scripts-history-to-become-the-first-plus-size-model-article-105323308) . ZOOM . Retrieved November 19, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Miss Universe 2023 Top 20 Includes Miss India, Miss Pakistan and Miss Nepal" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/hbanews/miss-universe-2023-top) . Harpers Bazaar Arabia . Retrieved November 19, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "QUALIFIERS - Miss Universe Nepal 2023" (https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17969365667444236/) . Instagram . Retrieved July 9, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae "Top 30 - Miss Universe Nepal 2023" (https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17897381084782765/) . Instagram . Retrieved August 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Get to know about Mister and Miss National Nepal 2023 Delegates" (https://www.pageantempress.com/2023/05/get-to-know-about-mister-and-miss.html?m=1) . Pageant Empress . May 1, 2023 . Retrieved July 11, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Thank you so much for helping me to get the crown of Miss Diamond Nepal 2021" (https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=100630842110944&set=ecnf.100065344656644) . Facebook . March 11, 2023 . Retrieved July 11, 2023 . External links [ edit ] Nepal portal (/wiki/Portal:Nepal) Media related to Miss Universe Nepal (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Miss_Universe_Nepal) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐vml84 Cached time: 20240719063213 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.988 seconds Real time usage: 1.148 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 24013/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 171008/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 36653/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 79150/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.346/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6960640/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 912.438 1 -total 29.30% 267.303 141 Template:Flagicon 22.78% 207.894 1 Template:Reflist 19.76% 180.291 17 Template:Cite_web 9.98% 91.047 1 Template:Infobox_beauty_pageant 8.86% 80.810 1 Template:Short_description 7.30% 66.639 1 Template:Refimprove 7.11% 64.852 2 Template:Ambox 6.19% 56.482 128 Template:Country_data_Nepal 5.77% 52.690 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74312715-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719063213 and revision id 1227407937. 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French fashion house Boué Soeurs Dress, Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Mode_de_la_Ville_de_Paris) Industry Apparel Founded 1899 in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) Founders Sylvie Montegut Jeanne d'Etreillis Defunct 1957 Headquarters 9 Rue de la Paix, Paris , France Area served Paris, New York Boué Soeurs was a French fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) active from 1899 to 1957. It was founded by sisters Madame Sylvie Montegut and Baronne Jeanne d'Etreillis under their maiden name, Boué. History [ edit ] Sylvie and Jeanne Boué took an interest in design at a very early age. In a 1922 article in Arts & Decoration magazine, Jeanne wrote: From our earliest childhood Madame Montegut and myself have craved the beautiful: our desire first took shape in the collecting of dainty ribbons, soft silks, all luxurious materials, flowers, laces – everything that expressed beauty in form and color. We began by dressing our dolls in the prevailing mode and later found an outlet for our love of the beautiful in creating our own attire. [1] (#cite_note-Gift-1) In 1899 they opened their first shop on the Rue de la Paix (/wiki/Rue_de_la_Paix,_Paris) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) where they sold women's apparel such as evening dresses (/wiki/Evening_gown) , gowns (/wiki/Gown) , wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) , frocks (/wiki/Frock) , lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) , and camisoles (/wiki/Camisole) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Baronne d'Etreillis opened a second shop in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in 1915. [1] (#cite_note-Gift-1) [4] (#cite_note-FIDM-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Style [ edit ] Boué Soeurs was known for creating elaborate ensembles with very feminine designs. Signature elements included fine Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) and Duchesse (/wiki/Point_Duchesse) lace, embroidery, ribbon work, and gold and silver textiles. [1] (#cite_note-Gift-1) [4] (#cite_note-FIDM-4) [6] (#cite_note-Reeder_75-6) While some of their evening dresses retailed for $145-150 in the 1920s, [7] (#cite_note-7) designs with more exotic materials could cost as much as $2,000. [4] (#cite_note-FIDM-4) Among the house's more elegant offerings was the robe de style (/wiki/Robe_de_style) , a design popularized by Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) , which they continued to produce into the 1940s. [4] (#cite_note-FIDM-4) [6] (#cite_note-Reeder_75-6) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c D'Etreillis, Jeanne (June 1922). "The Gift of Creating" (https://books.google.com/books?id=6IMyAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA121) . Arts & Decoration . 17 : 121 . Retrieved 17 August 2016 – via Google Books. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Boué Soeurs" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/83896) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . Retrieved 17 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Glier Reeder, Jan (2010). High Style: Masterworks from the Brooklyn Museum Costume Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art . Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 54. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781588393623 . Retrieved 17 August 2016 – via Google Books. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Boué Soeurs" (https://blog.fidmmuseum.org/museum/2009/08/boue-soeurs.html) . FIDM Museum (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising_Museum) . 21 August 2009 . Retrieved 17 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Bringing Rue de la Paix to America" (https://books.google.com/books?id=1UE6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA724) . The American Jewish Chronicle . Vol. 2. 1917. p. 724 . Retrieved 17 August 2016 – via Google Books. ^ Jump up to: a b Glier Reeder, Jan (2010). High Style: Masterworks from the Brooklyn Museum Costume Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art . Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 75. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781588393623 . Retrieved 17 August 2016 – via Google Books. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Evening Gowns" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=m7stAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2YsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2342%2C607054) . Montreal Gazette (/wiki/Montreal_Gazette) . 5 November 1924. p. 22 . Retrieved 17 August 2016 – via Google News. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Webber Kerstein, Melinda (23 November 2015). "Robe de Style" (https://books.google.com/books?id=hDkVCwAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA263) . Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe . ABC-CLIO (/wiki/ABC-CLIO) . p. 263. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610693103 . Retrieved 17 August 2016 – via Google Books. 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H.J. Cave & Sons Industry Luxury Leather Accessories Founded 1839 Founder Harriet Jane Cave Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , UK (/wiki/UK) Key people Harriet Jane Cave Sarah Cave William Cave Products Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) Website www.hjcaveinternational.com (http://www.hjcaveinternational.com) H.J. Cave & Sons is a London-based fashion house specialising in luxury leather accessories. Founded in 1839 by Harriet Jane Cave. H.J. Cave is believed to be the first designer of the modern leather handbag. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) [3] (#cite_note-:6-3) [4] (#cite_note-stockley-4) The company was established in 1839 by sole-proprietor Harriet Jane Cave creating railway baskets and leather trunks. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 1856 Harriet began expanding the company to include a range of products including trunks, travel-bags, wickerworks, and portmanteaus. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) sponsored participation at the World Fairs, and later H.J. Cave was awarded the English Royal Warrant of Appointment (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) to the Queen, and later Princess Victoria. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) Following the death of Harriet, H.J. Cave was conferred to her son, William, and his wife Sarah, who would release the “Osilite” trunk [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) as the demand for lightweight trunks increased following the adoption of automobile and flight travel. [10] (#cite_note-:16-10) [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) Following a decline in production after WWII, the company fell into a period of dormancy. Over the years, the company changed hands several times, and was formally reintroduced in the early 2000s and subsequently sold to foreign owners. [11] (#cite_note-:11-11) History [ edit ] The original company was established in 1839 by Harriet Jane Cave. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 1840, H.J. Cave opened their first workshop on 1 Edwards St, producing railway baskets (/wiki/English_trunk) , solid leather trunks (/wiki/Trunk_(luggage)) and leather travel bags. [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) H.J. Cave was well known for their railway baskets, as it provided a lighter alternative to the solid leather trunks. [13] (#cite_note-:14-13) Railway baskets (/wiki/English_trunk) were lightweight waterproofed canvas or leather wicker trunks that swapped heavier wood for wicker baskets. [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) The company produced several bespoke handbags in 1841, considered by some as the first modern leather handbags. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-stockley-4) The most notable of which was for Samuel Parkinson's wife, which currently resides in the Tassenmuseum. [3] (#cite_note-:6-3) The company marketed several leather “hand bags” for women, predating the first use of the word “handbag” by around 30 years. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [3] (#cite_note-:6-3) [14] (#cite_note-:7-14) These bags were advertised to women in magazines as early as 1868. [3] (#cite_note-:6-3) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) H.J. Cave's handbags were sold alongside other accessories for men and women, which was uncommon at the time as companies typically focused on one gender. [14] (#cite_note-:7-14) [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) Given H.J. Cave's success, and after the death of her husband Benjamin, [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) Harriet moved premises to 74, 76, and 78 Wigmore street (/wiki/Wigmore_Street) in 1856. [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) At this location, H.J. Cave increased their product range to include more variations of their travel goods, including expanding trunks, travel bags and handbags. [13] (#cite_note-:14-13) [15] (#cite_note-:9-15) Shortly thereafter, Harriet moved premises to 40 Wigmore Street, [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) which was designed by T.E. Collcutt (/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Collcutt) , an English architect in the Victorian era (/wiki/Victorian_era) who designed several important buildings in London. [13] (#cite_note-:14-13) 40 Wigmore Street (/wiki/Wigmore_Street) was the largest travel goods store in the world at the time. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) At 40 Wigmore, H.J. Cave would begin to garner a reputation for high end leather work. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) This would lead to H.J. Cave's honorable mention at the World Exhibition in London (/wiki/1862_International_Exhibition) 1862. This gained the attention of Queen Victoria who would sponsor the company to compete in the World Exhibition Paris (/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1867)) in 1867, where they would win gold. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Cave would win gold, silver and bronze once again in World Exhibition Paris 1878 (/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1878)) for "articles de voyage," and an honorable mention in London 1874. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) Soon after, H.J. Cave was awarded the Royal Warrant of Appointment (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) , and became the official supplier of luggages and railway baskets to Queen Alexandra (/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark) and eventually Princess Victoria (/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom) . [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) Their tote bag was large enough to hold a baby, thus conferring one of theatre's all-time classic lines on Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest. [16] (#cite_note-16) [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) They would continue to manufacture for the British Royal family and gained a number of famous customers including Ruth Vincent (/wiki/Ruth_Vincent) , [17] (#cite_note-17) Katherine Mansfield (/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield) , [18] (#cite_note-18) T. E. Lawrence (/wiki/T._E._Lawrence) , William Gladstone (/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone) , [19] (#cite_note-19) and Winston Churchill (/wiki/Winston_Churchill) . [20] (#cite_note-20) After the death of Harriet, the company was passed to heirs William and Sarah Cave. [7] (#cite_note-:15-7) At the turn of the 20th century, the company would undergo structural changes including an increased focus on participation at World Fairs and new product developments. [21] (#cite_note-:5-21) [22] (#cite_note-:8-22) As travel shifted from railway to automobiles, William and Sarah would create the "Osilite" trunk. [22] (#cite_note-:8-22) Keeping in line with the utility and luxury aspect of the brand, this trunk employed the use of pressurized wood to create lightweight trunks that could withstand the rougher conditions of the automobile and flight travel. [10] (#cite_note-:16-10) These cases were widely used by wealthy immigrants to America and were a popular early flight case and was used on the 1933 Mt. Everest Expedition (/wiki/1933_British_Mount_Everest_expedition) . [10] (#cite_note-:16-10) After the death of William, Sarah would continue H.J. Cave and move the premises to 32 Wigmore Street. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) And extended workshops at 4 & 5 Blanford Mews, Baker street. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) This location marked the peak of H.J. Cave's business. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) Additionally, Cave began producing high end wicker (/wiki/Wicker) furnishings and jewelry boxes. [23] (#cite_note-:17-23) Sarah would orchestrate the move to 12 Cavendish Street (/wiki/Old_Cavendish_Street) , and shortly thereafter her nephew Benjamin Cave would take over. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) [24] (#cite_note-24) Benjamin Cave would advertise heavily towards Americans in London and began reintroducing the Osilite trunk as a core product offering. [23] (#cite_note-:17-23) In 1944, coinciding with WW2 (/wiki/World_War_II) , H.J. Cave would see structural changes resulting in H.J. Cave being converted to a smaller scale workshop before ultimately ceasing. [23] (#cite_note-:17-23) The company has since changed hands several times and in the early 2000s, H.J. Cave was resurrected by Bluff Family Holding Group (/w/index.php?title=Bluff_Family_Holding_Group&action=edit&redlink=1) , the former owners of Parkinson's Butterscotch and spanish firm Eurona as H.J. Cave & Sons Ltd, [25] (#cite_note-:10-25) and was focused on maintaining their vintage collections, archival studies (/wiki/Archival_studies) , and bespoke (/wiki/Bespoke) items. In 2021, H.J. Cave was sold to foreign owners and continues to sell products on a bespoke basis. [11] (#cite_note-:11-11) [25] (#cite_note-:10-25) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Foster, Vanda (1982). Bags and Purses . London: Quite Specific Media Group. p. 63. ^ a b "The Guardian: Lauren Laverne on style: handbags" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/may/12/feminist-statement-hi-tech-gadget-carrier-handbag) . TheGuardian.com (/wiki/TheGuardian.com) . ^ a b c d "Queen Magazine 1868". Queen Magazine (Now HarperCollins) . p. 436. ^ a b Philippa Stockley. "Philippa Stockley: Yes, the contents mean a lot, but it's the bag that matters most \| Commentators \| Voices" (https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/philippa-stockley-yes-the-contents-mean-a-lot-but-its-the-bag-that-matters-most-8100587.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 21 June 2016 . ^ a b Sebastian, Lewis Boyd (1878). The Law of Trade Marks and Their Registration And Matters Connected Therewith. Including a Chapter on Goodwill . London, England: Stevens. pp. 2, 8, 278. ^ a b Cave & Sons, H. J. (1884). H.J. Cave & Sons, Manufacturers of Railway Dress Baskets, Portmanteaus, Travelling Bags, English & Foreign Wicker & Cane Basket Work: Inventors and Patentees of the "Royal Victoria" Quinqueparite Expanding Basket . ^ a b c d e f g h i Payne, Albert Henry (1893). Illustrated London and Its Representatives of Commerce . London: UK Government (Progress Commerce). ^ a b c d Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878 to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. Volume 2 . London: Royal Commission for the Paris Exhibition. 1880. ^ a b c d e Josephy, Helen (1930). London is a Man's Town But Women Go There . London: Coward-McCann. p. 101. ^ a b c Flight International . UK: IPC Transport Press Limited. 1933. ^ a b Casci, Mark. "Doncaster-based H.J Cave & Sons, makers of luggage to Royalty, to be sold to foreign owners" (https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/doncaster-based-hj-cave-sons-makers-of-luggage-to-royalty-to-be-sold-to-foreign-owners-3206521) . The Yorkshire Post . ^ a b c d Bradshaw, George (1857). Bradshaw's illustrated hand-book to Switzerland and the Tyrol . ^ a b c "The Homeward Mail". 25 October 1875. p. 1176. ^ a b Browning, Marie. Purse Pizzazz . Sterling Publishing. p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-:9_15-0) Adams, William Henry Davenport (1879). Our Native Land, Its Scenery and Associations . London: Marcus Ward and Company. p. 24. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Importance of Being Earnest" (https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781580815901) . The Importance of Being Earnest . 1 November 2009. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5040/9781580815901 (https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781580815901) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "A large suitcase of coffee colour leather, with leather straps and with black and claret painted owner's stripes, monogrammed R.F., the interior fitted with a tray and labelled H.J. Cave and Sons 'Osilite' trademark-31.5 x 18 x 11in. (80 x 46 x 26cm.); another matching smaller case-29 x 17 x 10in. (74 x 43 x 25.5cm.); and a smaller lightweight case, the interior labelled as above-24 x 13.75 x 6in. (61 x 35 x 15cm.), 1930s (3)" (http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/LotDetailsPrintable.aspx?intObjectID=1719175) . Christies.com . 25 January 2000 . Retrieved 21 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "H J Cave & Sons, trunk and portmantea... \| Items \| National Library of New Zealand" (http://natlib.govt.nz/records/23062901?search%5Bi%5D%5Batl_purchasable_download%5D=true&search%5Bi%5D%5Bcategory%5D=Other&search%5Bi%5D%5Bsubject%5D=H+J+Cave+%26+Sons+%28Firm%29&search%5Bil%5D%5Bcentury%5D=1900&search%5Bil%5D%5Busage%5D=Unknown&search%5Bpath%5D=items&search%5Btext%5D=large) . Natlib.govt.nz . January 1918 . Retrieved 21 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Gladstone Trunk" (https://www.greatbritishrevivals.co.uk/product-page/antique-solid-leather-portmanteau-by-hj-cave-son) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "The Churchill Papers: A catalogue" (http://www-archives.chu.cam.ac.uk/perl/node?a=a;reference=CHAR%201%2F92%2F183) . Archives.chu.cam.ac.uk . 16 October 1909 . Retrieved 21 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-:5_21-0) Temple, Phillip (1900). Survey of London: pt.1 South-East Marylebone . London: University of London for the London County Council. ^ a b The Indian Empire Royal Book, Containing a True Account of the Commercial Relations of Great Britain and the Indian Empire . London: BPBC. 1912. p. 298. ^ a b c Royal Blue Book: Court and Parliamentary Guide . Kelly's Directories Limited. 1937. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "aero club \| ports flying \| flying club \| 1933 \| 0102 \| Flight Archive" (http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1933/1933%20-%200102.html) . Flightglobal.com . 13 July 1933 . Retrieved 21 June 2016 . ^ a b "H.J. Cave & Sons - Official Site" (http://www.hjcave.com) . Hjcave.com . Retrieved 21 June 2016 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.J._Cave_%26_Sons&oldid=1177266607 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.J._Cave_%26_Sons&oldid=1177266607) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Leather manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Leather_manufacturers) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) Manufacturing companies established in 1839 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1839) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from November 2013 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2013) Use British English from November 2013 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2013)
A dark Chinese court dress Xuanduan Men and women in xuanduan (玄端), possibly a Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) ceremony, 2007. Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 玄端 Literal meaning Dark-coloured square-cut; Black and square-edged Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Xuánduān Alternative Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 元端 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) yuánduān Xuanduan ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 玄端 ), also known as yuanduan ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 元端 ), is a form of Chinese court dress (and/or ritual garment [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) ) which was made of dark or black fabric. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) It is a form of yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) (i.e. a set of attire composed of upper and lower garment). [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) It was worn since the Western Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Western_Zhou) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) During the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , under the reign of Emperor Jiajing (/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor) , the xuanduan became a model for the regulations reforms related to yanfu (casual or leisure clothing) worn by the Emperor and officials. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Terminology [ edit ] The term xuanduan appears in the Liji (/wiki/Book_of_Rites) in the section Yuzao (玉藻) [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) and in the Zhouli . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The xuanduan is named after its shape (端, duan) which is angular [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) (i.e. it is made by using the whole width of a squared-shape fabric) and by its colour. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) The character xuan (玄) can literally be translated as 'dark' or 'black'. The term xuanduan is literally translated as 'dark coloured Square-cut', [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) or 'Black and square-edged', [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) although some authors have also translated it as 'dark solemn' [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) or 'black straight'. [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) History [ edit ] During the Western Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Western_Zhou) , it was a form of a daily clothing which was worn by the Emperor and ordinary commoners. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) In the Zhou dynasty, it was worn by emperor when they were not at court, on sacrificial occasions by princes, and by scholars when they would pay their respects to their parents in the morning. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) According to the Liji (/wiki/Book_of_Rites) in the section Yuzao , it was also a form of ritual clothing for the Emperor, who wore it to salute the appearance of the sun outside the eastern gate and when he would listen to notification on the first day of the first month outside the southern gate; and by the Princes of States who wore xuanduan when sacrificing (诸侯玄端以祭). [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Ming dynasty [ edit ] During the reign of Emperor Jiajing of Ming (/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor) , sartorial reforms took place. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Emperor Jiajing reformed yanfu (i.e. daily casual or leisure clothes, worn at home by the emperor, the officials and by the appointed ladies of the court), especially those he, himself, had to wear when he was not engaged in official duties. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Emperor Jiajing therefore sought the help of Grand Secretary Zhang Zong (1476–1539) to investigate the dress regulations which were governing the casual clothing in ancient time. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Zhang Zong therefore consulted the Lishu (/wiki/Book_of_Rites) and found out that the xuanduan was most widely worn in ancient times beside the formal court attire, mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) ; this led the Jiajing emperor to decree that the yanfu of both the Emperor and the officials had to be modelled after the xuanduan: [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) There have never been clear regulations on the leisure dress of ranked officials, and followers of the outlandish compete in their eccentric dressing, thereby causing greater disorder. I beg that it be modelled on the ancient xuanduan and put in a separate statue to be disseminated throughout the empire, so that noble and base are distinguished.’ The emperor then ordered the creation of the ‘Illustrations of the Loyal and Tranquil Hat and Dress’, to be promulgated by the Board of Rites, together with an imperial edict stating, ‘The Ancestors learned from antiquity and established regulations, so that the court and sacri- ficial dress of ranked officials each had distinctions. But the ordinary people are more cautious toward that which is clear, negligent of that which is obscure. The ancient sage kings were attentive to this, and ordered the xuanduan as the leisure dress for officials. Recently clothing styles have been outlandish, with no distinc- tion between superior and inferior, so that the people’s proclivities are without restraints. Hence, we have consulted the regulations on the ancient xuanduan, and changed its name to the ‘Loyal and Tranquil’ [zhongjing guanfu 忠靖冠服], alluding to ‘Thinking of utmost loyalty when entering, thinking of amending one’s faults when retiring’.We have made pictures to instruct on the styles and construction. Officials in the capital above the seventh rank, members of the Hanlin Academy, the Imperial Academy, officials in the Messenger’s Office above the eighth rank; in the provinces, Regional Supervisors, Senior Officials of each prefecture, chief officials of each sub-prefecture and county, and the education officials of Confucian schools are to wear it. Military officials of the rank of commissioner-in-chief or above may wear it.The others are prohibited from exceeding the regulations — Chen, BuYun, Wearing the Hat of Loyalty: Imperial Power and Dress Reform in Ming Dynasty China, 425-426 According to the new regulations, the Emperor's xuanduan ( yanbian guanfu , lit. 'Dress of the Casual Hat') was black (玄) in colour and was decorated with 143 dragons, including a large dragon medallion at the front of the garment; it was also decorated with a green trim border. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) The royal princes had to wear a green xuanduan which was decorated with a green trim and decorated with two ranks badges of dragon design ( baohe guanfu , lit. 'Dress of Preserving Harmony'). [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) The xuanduan used as the yanfu of the officials ( zhongjing guanfu , 忠靖冠服, lit. 'Dress of Loyalty and Tranquility') were dark green in colour. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Officials of the third rank and above had xuanduan decorated with cloud patterns while the xuanduan worn by the officials who ranked fourth and below wore plain xuanduan. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Design and construction [ edit ] The xuanduan is a form of yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) , which is composed of an upper garment called yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) and a lower garment called chang (skirt). [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) According to the Zhouli (/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou) , the standard xuanduan had sleeves and body of equal size (two chi, two cun long) and the sleeve opening was made of one chi, two cun. [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) It was made of a whole width of square fabric which was dyed black (or dark [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) ) in colour. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) The colour of the skirt (chang) which matches with the upper garment varied depending on rank: i.e. Shi (士) officials of high rank wore black lower garment, middle-rank Shi officials wore yellow lower garment, while the low-rank Shi officials wore lower garment in motleys. [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) Gallery [ edit ] Illustration of Shi Yuanduan (士元端), from the illustration from the Chinese encyclopedia Gujin Tushu Jicheng (/wiki/Gujin_Tushu_Jicheng) , section "Ceremonial Usages" Illustration of Yuanduan (元端), from the illustration from the Chinese encyclopedia Gujin Tushu Jicheng (/wiki/Gujin_Tushu_Jicheng) , section "Ceremonial Usages" See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Han_Chinese_clothing) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Han_Chinese_clothing) Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Pienfu (/wiki/Pien_Fu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d "Liji : Yu Zao - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/liji/yu-zao/ens) . ctext.org (in Chinese) . Retrieved 2022-02-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Martin Kern; Dirk Meyer, eds. (2017). Origins of Chinese political philosophy : studies in the composition and thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents) . Leiden: Brill. p. 219. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-34350-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 986538495 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/986538495) . ^ a b c Yan, Ying (2015). The Spring and autumn annals of Master Yan . Translated by Olivia Milburn. Leiden: Brill. p. 319. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-30966-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 933295487 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/933295487) . ^ a b c d e KIM, HONGKYUNG (2021). ANALECTS OF DASAN a korean syncretic reading . [S.l.]: OXFORD UNIV PRESS US. p. 82. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-755094-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1229972833 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1229972833) . ^ a b c d Zhang, Qizhi (2015). An introduction to Chinese history and culture . Heidelberg: Springer. p. 255. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-662-46482-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 907676443 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/907676443) . ^ a b c Feng, Ge (2015). Traditional Chinese rites and rituals . Zhengming Du. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 15–16. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4438-8783-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 935642485 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/935642485) . ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chen, BuYun (2019), Riello, Giorgio; Rublack, Ulinka (eds.), "Wearing the Hat of Loyalty: Imperial Power and Dress Reform in Ming Dynasty China" (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/right-to-dress/wearing-the-hat-of-loyalty-imperial-power-and-dress-reform-in-ming-dynasty-china/440605B194AF7A69AF60F226F10CD6D4) , The Right to Dress: Sumptuary Laws in a Global Perspective, c.1200–1800 , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 416–434, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1017/9781108567541.017 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108567541.017) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-108-47591-4 , S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 165356490 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165356490) , retrieved 2022-02-11 ^ a b c d Knechtges, David R. (2014). Wen Xuan or Selections of Refined Literature, Volume I : Rhapsodies on Metropolises and Capitals . Tong Xiao. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 376. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4008-5724-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 902843323 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/902843323) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The Rites of Zhou : 春官宗伯 - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/rites-of-zhou/chun-guan-zong-bo) . ctext.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)) . Retrieved 2022-02-11 . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐cc99f856f‐jwzf4 Cached time: 20240716202038 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.503 seconds Real time usage: 0.635 seconds Preprocessor visited node 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Overview of notable advertising campaigns by Reebok This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Reebok_advertising_campaigns) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Reebok_advertising_campaigns) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Reebok_advertising_campaigns) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Reebok advertising campaigns" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Reebok+advertising+campaigns%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Reebok+advertising+campaigns%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Reebok+advertising+campaigns%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Reebok+advertising+campaigns%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Reebok+advertising+campaigns%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Reebok+advertising+campaigns%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Reebok International Limited (/wiki/Reebok_International_Limited) is a global producer of athletic footwear, apparel, and accessories; and was a subsidiary of Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) since 2005, until it was sold to Authentic Brands Group (/wiki/Authentic_Brands_Group) in 2021. Reebok has marketed itself using a variety of ad campaigns. Terry Tate: Office Linebacker [ edit ] Main article: Terry Tate: Office Linebacker (/wiki/Terry_Tate:_Office_Linebacker) This campaign featured a fictional character, Terry Tate (nicknamed the "Office Linebacker"), who promoting office etiquette while wearing the products being advertised. [1] (#cite_note-1) The campaign was named the "Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival Golden Lion Award" winner, "Best Actor in a TV Commercial" and "Ten Most Liked and Downloaded Ads of 2003" by Advertising Age and "Most Likeable Ad of 2003" by [USA Today]. I Am What I Am [ edit ] This campaign featured musicians Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Nelly (/wiki/Nelly) , Daddy Yankee (/wiki/Daddy_Yankee) , and 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) ; athletes Allen Iverson (/wiki/Allen_Iverson) , Donovan McNabb (/wiki/Donovan_McNabb) , Curt Schilling (/wiki/Curt_Schilling) , Kelly Holmes (/wiki/Kelly_Holmes) , Iker Casillas (/wiki/Iker_Casillas) , and Yao Ming (/wiki/Yao_Ming) ; actors Lucy Liu (/wiki/Lucy_Liu) , John Leguizamo (/wiki/John_Leguizamo) and Christina Ricci (/wiki/Christina_Ricci) ; and skateboarder Stevie Williams (/wiki/Stevie_Williams) . In 2010, Reebok's "I Am What I Am" Campaign was repeated, aimed at the 15-20 age group. Celebrities featured in the ad campaign were under 20, including ice hockey player John Tavares (/wiki/John_Tavares_(ice_hockey)) , footballers Matthew Stafford (/wiki/Matthew_Stafford) and Andre Smith (/wiki/Andre_Smith_(offensive_tackle)) as well as basketball player Derrick Rose (/wiki/Derrick_Rose) . Run easy [ edit ] This campaign referred to social and fun aspects of running. [2] (#cite_note-2) There Are Two People in Everyone [ edit ] "Two People in Everyone" is a marketing campaign that expands on the Run Easy theme. Goku's power [ edit ] This campaign featured basketball player Yao Ming (/wiki/Yao_Ming) . Reebok Nation [ edit ] During the 2007 World Series (/wiki/2007_World_Series) , Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) aired a 30-second local TV advertisement featuring Reebok's ties to Boston (/wiki/Boston) sports. Framed [ edit ] Carat/MY Entertainment (/w/index.php?title=Carat/MY_Entertainment&action=edit&redlink=1) and Roadside Entertainment (/w/index.php?title=Roadside_Entertainment&action=edit&redlink=1) worked on this campaign where Hollywood actors presented half-hour biographical pieces with athletes. Pairings included NBA All-Star Baron Davis (/wiki/Baron_Davis) "framed" and TV and film actor Emmanuelle Chriqui (/wiki/Emmanuelle_Chriqui) , basketball player Allen Iverson (/wiki/Allen_Iverson) and musician Nelly (/wiki/Nelly) , football player Thierry Henry (/wiki/Thierry_Henry) and actress Paz Vega (/wiki/Paz_Vega) , the NFL's 2006 "Rookie of the Year" Vince Young (/wiki/Vince_Young) and actress Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) , and 2007 World Series winning baseball player David Ortiz (/wiki/David_Ortiz) and comedian Carlos Mencia (/wiki/Carlos_Mencia) . Your Move [ edit ] The Your Move global marketing campaign ran in 2008 online, on TV, billboards, print, and PR. It featured Thierry Henry (/wiki/Thierry_Henry) , Jelena Janković (/wiki/Jelena_Jankovi%C4%87) , MS Dhoni (/wiki/MS_Dhoni) and Alexander Ovechkin (/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Lose the Beer Belly [ edit ] In 2000, Reebok released a television advertisement in the UK that saw a man running away from a threatening giant human belly which was chasing him around a built-up area, with the repeated doom-laden voice over of "Belly's gonna get ya". It was voted 10th best advert of all time by ITV on their 2005 program ITV's Best Ever Ads 2 . [ citation needed ] Dan & Dave [ edit ] Main article: Dan & Dave (/wiki/Dan_%26_Dave) Dan & Dave was an advertising (/wiki/Advertising_campaign) and merchandising (/wiki/Merchandising) campaign during the build-up to the 1992 Summer Olympics (/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics) in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) . The promotion was meant to generate excitement and support for the Olympic competition between American decathletes (/wiki/Decathlon) Dan O'Brien (/wiki/Dan_O%27Brien) and Dave Johnson (/wiki/Dave_Johnson_(decathlete)) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rovell, Darren (30 January 2003). "A twist of Tate" (https://www.espn.com/espn/print?id=1500934) . ESPN (/wiki/ESPN) . Retrieved 15 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Howard, Theresa (10 April 2007). "Reebok to 'run easy' in its new ads" (https://www.usatoday.com/money/advertising/2007-04-04-reebok-usat_N.htm) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved 15 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Stories: REEBOK LAUNCHES YOUR MOVE AD CAMPAIGN" (https://www.sportswear-international.com/news/stories/REEBOK-LAUNCHES-YOUR-MOVE-AD-CAMPAIGN-870) . sportswear-international.com . Retrieved 19 June 2018 . External links [ edit ] Kasper Rorsted. "adidas Group - Home" (http://corporate.reebok.com/en/about_reebok/faq_section/marketing/default.asp) . Corporate.reebok.com . Retrieved 15 March 2017 . Kasper Rorsted. "adidas Group - Home" (http://corporate.reebok.com/en/news/2009/Thierry_Henry_Valde_Advertising_Campaign.asp) . Corporate.reebok.com . Retrieved 15 March 2017 . "Reebok Global Campaign, Reebok Ad India, Reebok Campaign India" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101027084005/http://businesswireindia.com/pressrelease.asp?b2mid=13771) . Businesswireindia.com . Archived from the original (http://www.businesswireindia.com/pressrelease.asp?b2mid=13771) on 27 October 2010 . Retrieved 15 March 2017 . Lear, Sophia (9 December 2009). "Reebok's Appalling New Ad Campaign \| New Republic" (http://www.tnr.com/blog/the-plank/reeboks-appalling-new-ad-campaign) . The New Republic . Retrieved 15 March 2017 . v t e Reebok International Ltd. (/wiki/Reebok) Subsidiaries Former Avia (/wiki/Avia_(shoes)) CCM (/wiki/CCM_(ice_hockey)) Rockport (/wiki/Rockport_(company)) Brands Classic (/wiki/Reebok_Classic) Sneakers Freestyle (/wiki/Reebok_Freestyle) Nano (/wiki/Reebok_Nano) Pump (/wiki/Reebok_Pump) Ventilator (/wiki/Reebok_Ventilator) Zig (/wiki/Reebok_Zig) Related companies Authentic Brands Group (/wiki/Authentic_Brands_Group) (parent) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) (former parent) J.W. Foster & Sons (/wiki/J.W._Foster_and_Sons) (predecessor) Advertising Campaigns Dan & Dave (/wiki/Dan_%26_Dave) Terry Tate: Office Linebacker (/wiki/Terry_Tate:_Office_Linebacker) Sponsorships Boston Track Club (/wiki/Reebok_Boston_Track_Club) Human Rights Award (/wiki/Reebok_Human_Rights_Award) Pro Summer League (/wiki/Reebok_Pro_Summer_League) Reebok Stadium (/wiki/Toughsheet_Community_Stadium) Key people Joseph W. Foster (/wiki/Joseph_William_Foster) (co-founder) Swizz Beatz (/wiki/Swizz_Beatz) Category (/wiki/Category:Reebok) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reebok_International_Limited) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐k87pv Cached time: 20240716051244 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.361 seconds Real time usage: 0.477 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1324/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65463/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10329/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36381/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.246/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5455251/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 428.710 1 -total 33.12% 142.010 3 Template:Ambox 24.01% 102.943 1 Template:Reebok 23.93% 102.578 1 Template:Reflist 23.62% 101.276 2 Template:Navbox 22.83% 97.893 5 Template:Cite_web 21.07% 90.332 1 Template:Multiple_issues 14.81% 63.476 1 Template:Short_description 12.84% 55.033 1 Template:Refimprove 8.36% 35.857 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25708893-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716051244 and revision id 1127550350. 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Indonesian author, fashion designer, Miss Universe Indonesia 2022. In this article, the surname (/wiki/Surname) is Suardana, her Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_name) patronymic surname (/wiki/Patronymic_surname) ; De-Neefe is her Australian matronymic surname (/wiki/Matronymic_surname) . Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana ᬮᬓ᭄ᬱ᭄ᬫᬶᬰᬭᬶᬤᬾᬦᬾᬏᬧ᬴ᬾᬲᬸᬯᬃᬤᬦ Suardana as the G20 Ambassador (/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit) in Merdeka Palace (/wiki/Merdeka_Palace) on 31 May 2022 Born Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana ( 1996-01-29 ) 29 January 1996 (age 28) Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia Alma mater Polimoda (/wiki/Polimoda) ( BBA in Fashion Business (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Business) ) RMIT University (/wiki/RMIT_University) ( B.Des. in Fashion Design (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Design) ) Monash College (/wiki/Monash_College) ( Diploma of Arts (/wiki/Diploma) ) Height 1.76 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) [1] (#cite_note-height-1-1) [2] (#cite_note-height-2-2) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Puteri Indonesia Bali 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Miss Universe Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) Hair color Black [ citation needed ] Eye color Dark Brown [ citation needed ] Major competition(s) Puteri Bali 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (Winner) Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) (Winner) Miss Universe 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) (Unplaced) Signature Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana ( Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_language) : ᬮᬓ᭄ᬱ᭄ᬫᬶᬰᬭᬶᬤᬾᬦᬾᬏᬧ᬴ᬾᬲᬸᬯᬃᬤᬦ ), simply known as Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana , is an Indonesian fashion designer, author, UNICEF (/wiki/UNICEF) activist, 2022 G20 Ambassador (/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit) , co-founder of Ubud Writers and Readers Festival (/wiki/Ubud_Writers_and_Readers_Festival) , model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) . Suardana is the first representative from Bali (/wiki/Bali) to be crowned Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) . She represented Indonesia at Miss Universe 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) . Early life and education [ edit ] Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (/wiki/Ubud_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival) founders, Suardana (left), together with her mother Janet De-Neefe (center) and her sister Dewi De-Neefe (right) on 6 October 2018 in Besakih Temple (/wiki/Besakih_Temple) - Bali (/wiki/Bali) . Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana was born on 29 January 1996 in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia, to an Australian mother, Janet De-Neefe, and a Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_people) father, Ketut Suardana. [3] (#cite_note-3) [ better source needed ] She was raised in Ubud (/wiki/Ubud) , a village located in Gianyar Regency (/wiki/Gianyar_Regency) , Bali, Indonesia. She has three siblings. [4] (#cite_note-bio1-4) [5] (#cite_note-bio2-5) She is also the granddaughter of Australian business tycoon, John De-Neefe. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Her name was inspired from Lakshmi (/wiki/Lakshmi) , a Hindu (/wiki/Hindus) goddess known for her power to turn dreams into reality. [4] (#cite_note-bio1-4) [5] (#cite_note-bio2-5) Suardana speaks Indonesian (/wiki/Indonesian_language) , Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_language) , English, Italian, Spanish and French. She learnt Italian while studying and working as a fashion designer in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy. [8] (#cite_note-8) Laksmi received a diploma of arts (/wiki/Diploma) from Monash College (/wiki/Monash_College) in 2013. She then completed her double degree (/wiki/Double_degree) program, bachelor of design (/wiki/Bachelor_of_design) in fashion design from RMIT University (/wiki/RMIT_University) in Australia and bachelor of business (/wiki/Bachelor_of_business) in fashion from Polimoda (/wiki/Polimoda) , a private fashion school in Italy. She graduated with summa cum-laude (/wiki/Latin_honors) . [9] (#cite_note-ta_2022-06-04-9) [4] (#cite_note-bio1-4) [5] (#cite_note-bio2-5) Career [ edit ] In 2018, Laksmi took part as an activist and contributor for UNICEF (/wiki/UNICEF) 's Voices of Youth (/wiki/Voices_of_Youth) . [10] (#cite_note-10) She now actively promotes literacy and literature engagement in the society as her advocacy, knowing that the interest in writing and reading books in Indonesia is still low. Beside that, she also volunteers to teach English for a non-governmental organization in Bali. [5] (#cite_note-bio2-5) [11] (#cite_note-bio3-11) [12] (#cite_note-bio4-12) On 31 May 2022, Suardana together with her fellow Puteri Indonesia 2022 winners, Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) and Adinda Cresheilla (/wiki/Adinda_Cresheilla) , were appointed as the 2022 G20 Ambassadors (/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit) [ specify ] by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo (/wiki/Joko_Widodo) , at the Merdeka Palace (/wiki/Merdeka_Palace) , [13] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-1-13) [14] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-2-14) as part of the Indonesian presidency at the upcoming 17th meeting of the G20 (/wiki/G20) in Bali, [15] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-3-15) [16] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-4-16) where the ambassadors also accompanied by Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy (/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_and_Creative_Economy) , Sandiaga Uno (/wiki/Sandiaga_Uno) . [17] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-5-17) [18] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-6-18) Laksmi (center), talks on Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (/wiki/Ubud_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival) 2022 event, together with minister of education, culture, research, and technology of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Research_and_Technology_(Indonesia)) - Nadiem Makarim (/wiki/Nadiem_Makarim) (left). Ubud Writers & Readers Festival [ edit ] Main article: Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (/wiki/Ubud_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival) The Ubud Writers & Readers Festival was first conceived by Suardana, together with her parents Janet DeNeefe and Ketut Suardana as a healing project in response to the first 2002 Bali bombings. It has to grown from a very small festival to the largest literary festival in Southeast Asia. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , Suardana created the Ubud Writers & Readers Fest IG Live Book Club. [11] (#cite_note-bio3-11) Suardana was appointed the festival's official ambassador by Yayasan Mudra Swari Saraswati in 2023 in conjunction with the celebration of the festival's twentieth anniversary. [21] (#cite_note-21) Pageantry [ edit ] Suardana (second from the right) together with Puteri Indonesia 2022 winners and Miss Universe 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2021) , Harnaaz Sandhu (/wiki/Harnaaz_Sandhu) , visiting Merdeka Palace on 31 May 2022. Puteri Bali 2022 [ edit ] In January 2022, she competed for the title of Puteri Bali 2022 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Bali) through an open audition in Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) , ended up winning the title. [22] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2022_(4)-22) [23] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2022_(5)-23) Puteri Indonesia 2022 [ edit ] Suardana (middle) being crowned as Puteri Indonesia 2022, together with Puan Maharani (/wiki/Puan_Maharani) and Putri Kuswisnuwardhani (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putri_Kuswisnuwardhani) . As the winner of Puteri Bali 2022, Suardana represented Bali at Puteri Indonesia 2022 held at the Jakarta Convention Center (/wiki/Jakarta_Convention_Center) , Jakarta, Indonesia, on 27 May 2022. [24] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(1)-24) [25] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(2)-25) Originally, she wore the sash of Bali 1 since there was another candidate from Bali, Jazmine Callista Seymour Rowe (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazmine_Rowe) , who was publicly voted as one of the official candidates. However, she changed her sash into Bali before the pre-quarantine since Jazmine decided to withdraw for unknown reason. [26] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(3)-26) During the finale, Suardana was asked by Putri Kuswisnuwardhani (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putri_Kuswisnuwardhani) whether she has any experiences that she would like to change. She answered: I don't have any experience in my life that I regret however bad it is. I believe that the Universe has made plans for me, and it has helped me grow into a stronger, wiser, and more righteous person. And that is why I can stand here in front of you tonight because of all the experience that has taught me, and it made me a new person and I am courageous, and I know I can conquer anything. Thank you. [27] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(4)-27) At the end of the coronation night, Suardana successfully defeated other 43 delegates from across Indonesia, being the first Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_people) to win Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) . [28] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(5)-28) [29] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(6)-29) She was crowned as Puteri Indonesia 2022 by the outgoing titleholder, Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri (/wiki/Ayu_Maulida) of East Java (/wiki/East_Java) . [30] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(7)-30) [31] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(8)-31) Suardana was crowned along with her fellow Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) queens, Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) and Adinda Cresheilla (/wiki/Adinda_Cresheilla) . [32] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(9)-32) [33] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(10)-33) Miss Universe 2022 [ edit ] As the winner of Puteri Indonesia 2022, Suardana represented Indonesia at the 71st edition (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) of the Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) competition, [34] (#cite_note-Miss_Universe_2022_(1)-34) [35] (#cite_note-Miss_Universe_2022_(2)-35) [36] (#cite_note-Miss_Universe_2022_(3)-36) but was unplaced. [37] (#cite_note-Miss_Universe_2022_(4)-37) Filmography [ edit ] Together with her older sister, Dewi De-Neefe, Suardana started her acting career as an extra in the film of Elizabeth Gilbert (/wiki/Elizabeth_Gilbert) 's book entitled Eat Pray Love (/wiki/Eat_Pray_Love) in 2010 by Columbia Pictures (/wiki/Columbia_Pictures) and Plan B Entertainment (/wiki/Plan_B_Entertainment) . [38] (#cite_note-Eat_Pray_Love-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) [4] (#cite_note-bio1-4) Gallery [ edit ] Suardana speaks as the 2022 G20 Ambassador (/wiki/G20) at the Merdeka Palace (/wiki/Merdeka_Palace) , Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) on 30 May 2022. Suardana (right) at the 2022 Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (/wiki/Ubud_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival) opening ceremony. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) Suardana parades in a Wayang Golek (/wiki/Wayang_Golek) themed costume during the Jember Fashion Carnaval 2022 (/wiki/Jember_Fashion_Carnaval) in East Java (/wiki/East_Java) , Indonesia [43] (#cite_note-43) Suardana (crowned left) together with Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Queens and Miss Universe 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2021) , Harnaaz Sandhu (/wiki/Harnaaz_Sandhu) of India; meeting with President of The Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo (/wiki/Joko_Widodo) in Merdeka Palace, Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) on 30 May 2022. See also [ edit ] Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana . Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Miss Universe 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (/wiki/Ubud_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival) Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) Adinda Cresheilla (/wiki/Adinda_Cresheilla) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-height-1_1-0) "Biodata dan Profil Laksmi De Neefe: Umur, Agama dan Keturunan, Wanita Bali Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://www.rctiplus.com/news/detail/seleb/2430108/biodata-dan-profil-laksmi-de-neefe-umur-agama-dan-keturunan-wanita-bali-pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2022) . RCTI (/wiki/RCTI) (in Indonesian). 28 May 2022 . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-height-2_2-0) "Profil Biodata Laksmi De Neefe Suardana Juara Puteri Indonesia 2022 Lengkap, Umur, Asal hingga Instagram" (https://www.jatengnews.id/profil-biodata-laksmi-de-neefe-suardana-juara-puteri-indonesia-2022-lengkap-umur-asal-hingga-instagram/) . Jawa Tengah News (/wiki/Jawa_Tengah) (in Indonesian). 28 May 2022 . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ian Lloyd Neubauer (18 July 2019). "Eating out with the grand dame of Balinese cuisine" (https://www.afr.com/life-and-luxury/food-and-wine/eating-out-with-the-grand-dame-of-balinese-cuisine-20190710-p525u5) . Australian Financial Review (/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review) . Retrieved 30 June 2022 . ^ a b c d Yefta Christopherus Asia Sanjaya (28 May 2022). Wisnubrata (ed.). "Ini Profil Puteri Indonesia 2022 Laksmi Shari De Neefe Suardana" (https://www.solopos.com/ini-profil-puteri-indonesia-2022-laksmi-shari-de-neefe-suardana-1326894) . Solopos (/wiki/Solopos) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ a b c d "Berkenalan dengan Laksmi Suardana, Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20220528000534-277-802063/berkenalan-dengan-laksmi-suardana-puteri-indonesia-2022) . CNN Indonesia (/wiki/CNN_Indonesia) (in Indonesian). 28 May 2022 . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "De NEEFE.— John" (https://www.heraldsun.com.au/tributes/notice/death-notices/de-neefe-john/3279789/) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . 5 July 2019 . Retrieved 30 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "De NEEFE.— John" (https://www.cairnspost.com.au/tributes/notice/death-notices/de-neefe-john/3279789/) . The Cairns Post (/wiki/The_Cairns_Post) . 5 July 2019 . Retrieved 30 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Novita Siaul (8 June 2022). "Kenal Lebih Dekat Laksmi Shari De Neefe, Puteri Indonesia 2022, Jago 4 Bahasa dan Blasteran Australia" (https://video.grid.id/amp/403318395/kenal-lebih-dekat-laksmi-shari-de-neefe-puteri-indonesia-2022-jago-4-bahasa-dan-blasteran-australia) . Grid Network (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_Network) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 8 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-ta_2022-06-04_9-0) Hodge, Amanda (4 June 2022). "Bali buoyed by the beauty of family" (https://www.theaustralian.com.au/world/bali-buoyed-by-the-beauty-of-family/news-story/98d8af773803f567089dca7719a29600) . The Weekend Australian (/wiki/The_Weekend_Australian) . Retrieved 12 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana (28 August 2019). "Before it's too late: Ubud tourism" (https://www.voicesofyouth.org/blog/its-too-late-ubud-tourism) . UNICEF (/wiki/UNICEF) 's Voices of Youth (/wiki/Voices_of_Youth) . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ a b "Laksmi Deneefe Suardana" (https://www.ubudwritersfestival.com/writers/laksmi-deneefe-suardana/) . Ubud Writers & Readers Festival (/wiki/Ubud_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-bio4_12-0) Ilham Safutra (30 May 2022). "Laksmi Shari De Neefe Suardana: Satu Buku Tiap Satu Minggu" (https://www.jawapos.com/entertainment/30/05/2022/laksmi-shari-de-neefe-suardana-satu-buku-tiap-satu-minggu/) . Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-1_13-0) "Presiden Jokowi Terima Kunjungan Puteri Indonesia 2022 dan Miss Universe 2021" (https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-jokowi-terima-kunjungan-puteri-indonesia-2022-dan-miss-universe-2021/) . President of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/President_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian). 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-2_14-0) Gilang Galiartha (30 May 2022). "Presiden Jokowi libatkan Puteri Indonesia 2022 promosikan G20" (https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2909141/presiden-jokowi-libatkan-puteri-indonesia-2022-promosikan-g20) . Antara (news agency) (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-3_15-0) Saud Rosadi (30 May 2022). "President Jokowi Asks Miss Indonesia 2022 to be involved in the G20 Summit Event in Bali" (https://www.niaga.asia/presiden-jokowi-minta-puteri-indonesia-2022-terlibat-dalam-event-ktt-g20-di-bali/) . CIMB Niaga (/wiki/CIMB_Niaga) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-4_16-0) Dhimas Ginanjar (31 May 2022). "Presiden Jokowi Gandeng Para Puteri untuk G20" (https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/31/05/2022/presiden-jokowi-gandeng-para-puteri-untuk-g20/) . Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 31 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-5_17-0) "Miss Indonesia 2022 Help Promote Indonesia At The G20 Summit" (https://web.archive.org/web/20221106184037/https://voi.id/en/amp/173339/miss-indonesia-2022-help-promote-indonesia-at-the-g20-summit) . VOI.id (in Indonesian). 30 May 2022. Archived from the original (https://voi.id/en/amp/173339/miss-indonesia-2022-help-promote-indonesia-at-the-g20-summit) on 6 November 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-6_18-0) Sri Haryati (30 May 2022). "Miss Indonesia 2022 to become involved in G20 promotion: President" (https://en.antaranews.com/amp/news/231713/miss-indonesia-2022-to-become-involved-in-g20-promotion-president) . Antara (news agency) (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "What to expect at Southeast Asia's biggest festival of words and ideas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181011120908/https://asiancorrespondent.com/2018/10/ubud-writers-readers-festival-2018-what-to-expect/) . Asian Correspondent (/wiki/Asian_Correspondent) . Archived from the original (https://asiancorrespondent.com/2018/10/ubud-writers-readers-festival-2018-what-to-expect/) on 11 October 2018 . Retrieved 26 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Delaney, Brigid. "The show goes on: Ubud writers festival to bring big names to Bali as Mount Agung rumbles" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/06/the-show-goes-on-ubud-writers-festival-to-bring-big-names-to-bali-as-mount-agung-settles) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 26 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Laksmi Deneefe Suardana: Official Ambassador & Main Program Reveal" (https://ubud-writers.dev.fleava.com/news/yayasan-mudra-swari-saraswati-appoints-laksmi-deneefe-suardana-as-festival-ambassador-announces-the-festivals-20th-anniversary-main-program-lineup) . uwf . Retrieved 2024-02-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Bali_2022_(4)_22-0) Gustra (21 February 2022). "Laksmi SDS Terpilih Wakili Putri Bali dalam Ajang PPI 2022" (http://www.bm-news.com/headlines/laksmi-sds-terpilih-wakili-putri-bali-dalam-ajang-ppi-2022-) . Bali Post Media Group (/wiki/Bali_Post_Media_Group) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Bali_2022_(5)_23-0) Cecep Burdansyah (22 February 2022). "Putri Bali Laksmi Siap Bertarung ke Ajang Putri Nasional Tahun 2022, Cok Ace Beri Wejangan" (https://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2022/02/22/putri-bali-laksmi-siap-bertarung-ke-ajang-putri-nasional-tahun-2022-cok-ace-beri-wejangan) . Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(1)_24-0) "Cok Ace Terima Audiensi dan Beri Pesan untuk Putri Indonesia Bali" (https://bali.pdiperjuangan.id/artikel/cok-ace-terima-audiensi-dan-beri-pesan-untuk-putri-indonesia-bali-DDfhPgfaDhDD) . Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party_of_Struggle) (in Indonesian). 21 February 2022 . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(2)_25-0) Adi Lazuardi (21 February 2022). "Wagub minta Putri Bali bawa vibrasi positif di ajang Putri Indonesia" (https://bali.antaranews.com/berita/270065/wagub-minta-putri-bali-bawa-vibrasi-positif-di-ajang-putri-indonesia) . Antara (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(3)_26-0) Nur Ana Alana (9 May 2022). "Ini Kata Jazmine Rowe, Wakil Bali yang Mundur Dari Peserta Puteri Indonesia" (https://www.agtvnews.com/nasional/pr-583365994/ini-kata-jazmine-rowe-wakil-bali-yang-mundur-dari-peserta-puteri-indonesia) . Antara (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(4)_27-0) Daniel Ngantung (28 May 2022). "Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2022: Laksmi Shari De Neefe dari Bali" (https://wolipop.detik.com/entertainment-news/d-6098809/pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2022-laksmi-shari-de-neefe-dari-bali) . Detik News (/wiki/Detik.com) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(5)_28-0) "Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana becomes Bali's first Puteri Indonesia" (https://coconuts.co/bali/lifestyle/laksmi-de-neefe-suardana-becomes-balis-first-puteri-indonesia/) . Coconuts Media (/wiki/Coconuts_Media) . 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(6)_29-0) "Ubud Woman Crowned Miss Indonesia 2022" (https://www.thebalitimes.com/headlines/ubud-woman-crowned-miss-indonesia-2022/) . The Bali Times (/wiki/The_Bali_Times) . 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(7)_30-0) "5 Fakta Laksmi Shari De Neefe Suardana, Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://indonesiatatler.com/society/5-fakta-pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2022) . Tatler Indonesia (/wiki/Tatler) (in Indonesian). 31 May 2022 . Retrieved 31 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(8)_31-0) Sri Haryati (28 May 2022). "Miss Indonesia 2022 expresses commitment to promote tourism" (https://en.antaranews.com/news/231517/miss-indonesia-2022-expresses-commitment-to-promote-tourism) . Antara (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(9)_32-0) "Yayasan Puteri Indonesia dan Mustika Ratu Sukses Selenggarakan PPI ke 25 Tahun 2022" (https://www.puteri-indonesia.com/index.php/fr/component/content/article/141-yayasan-puteri-indonesia-dan-mustika-ratu-sukses-selenggarakan-ppi-ke-25-tahun-2022?catid=92&Itemid=542) . Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (in Indonesian). 31 May 2022 . Retrieved 31 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(10)_33-0) "FIA UI Beri Beasiswa Full bagi Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://fia.ui.ac.id/fia-ui-beri-beasiswa-full-bagi-puteri-indonesia-2022/) . University of Indonesia (/wiki/University_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian). June 2022 . Retrieved 1 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Universe_2022_(1)_34-0) "Miss Indonesia 2022, Laksmi Is Ready To Advance To The Miss Universe Event" (https://voi.id/en/lifestyle/173105/puteri-indonesia-2022-laksmi-siap-maju-ke-ajang-miss-universe) . Voice of Indonesia (/wiki/Voice_of_Indonesia) . 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Universe_2022_(2)_35-0) "FRONT ROW: Puteri Indonesia Laksmi De Neefe Suardana set to represent Indonesia at Miss Universe 2022" (https://www.thejakartapost.com/amp/front-row/2022/12/22/puteri-indonesia-laksmi-de-neefe-suardana-set-to-represent-indonesia-at-miss-universe-2022.html) . The Jakarta Post (/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post) . December 22, 2022 . Retrieved December 22, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Universe_2022_(3)_36-0) Katy Gillett (10 July 2022). "Miss Universe 2022 beauty queens crowned: from Ukraine to United Kingdom" (https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2022/06/12/miss-universe-2022-beauty-queens-who-have-already-been-crowned-from-philippines-to-ghana/?outputType=amp) . The National (Abu Dhabi) (/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)) . Retrieved 10 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Universe_2022_(4)_37-0) Chris Barrett (11 January 2023). "Beauty queen takes leaf out of mother's book in Miss Universe bid" (https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/beauty-queen-takes-leaf-out-of-mother-s-book-in-miss-universe-bid-20230109-p5cbe6.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Eat_Pray_Love_38-0) Nisa Hidayat (27 May 2022). "Profil Laksmi De-Neefe, Puteri Indonesia Bali 2022, Si Cantik Multitalenta dari Tanah Dewata" (https://kedu.pikiran-rakyat.com/seleb/pr-2384580751/profil-laksmi-de-neefe-puteri-indonesia-bali-2022-si-cantik-multitalenta-dari-tanah-dewata) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 27 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Peter Wilmoth (30 May 2022). "Melbourne woman behind the Ubud Writers and Readers Festival" (https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/melbourne-woman-behind-the-ubud-writers-and-readers-festival-20140924-10ldjc.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved 28 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Fight for truth: battling false and misleading information in Southeast Asia and beyond" (https://southeastasiaglobe.com/fight-for-truth-battling-false-and-misleading-information-in-southeast-asia-and-beyond/) . Southeast Asia Globe . 2022-10-18 . Retrieved 2022-11-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Expat, Indonesia (2022-10-07). "Uniting Humanity Through Ubud Writers & Readers Festival 2022" (https://indonesiaexpat.id/lifestyle/arts-entertainment/uniting-humanity-through-ubud-writers-readers-festival-2022/) . Indonesia Expat (/wiki/Indonesia_Expat) . Retrieved 2022-11-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) " (https://www.thejakartapost.com/culture/2022/10/18/uniting-humanity-at-this-years-ubud-writers-and-readers-festival.html) 'Uniting Humanity' at this year's Ubud Writers and Readers Festival" (https://www.thejakartapost.com/culture/2022/10/18/uniting-humanity-at-this-years-ubud-writers-and-readers-festival.html) . The Jakarta Post (/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post) . Retrieved 2022-11-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Jember Fashion Carnaval 2022 Sukses Jadi Ikon Pemulihan Ekonomi Pelaku Parekraf di Jember" (https://wonderfulimages.kemenparekraf.go.id/read/797/jember-fashion-carnaval-2022-sukses-jadi-ikon-pemulihan-ekonomi-pelaku-parekraf-di-jember) . Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_and_Creative_Economy) . 7 August 2022. External links [ edit ] Official Puteri Indonesia Official Website (https://web.archive.org/web/20191214192209/http://puteri-indonesia.com/) Official Miss Universe Official Website (https://www.missuniverse.com/) Awards and achievements Preceded by Putu Ayu Saraswati (/wiki/Ayu_Saraswati) Puteri Bali (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Bali) 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Succeeded by Anak Agung Sagung Istri Nanda Widya Saraswati Preceded by Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri (/wiki/Ayu_Maulida) , East Java Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Succeeded by Farhana Nariswari Wisandana (/wiki/Farhana_Nariswari_Wisandana) , West Java Preceded by Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri (/wiki/Ayu_Maulida) , East Java Miss Universe Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_Universe) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) Succeeded by Fabiënne Nicole Groeneveld (/wiki/Fabi%C3%ABnne_Groeneveld) , Jakarta SCR v t e List of Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) winners Indira Paramarini Sudiro (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Sudiro) ( 1992-93 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_1992) ) Venna Melinda Bruglia (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venna_Melinda) ( 1994 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_1994) ) Susanty Priscilla Adresina Manuhutu (/wiki/Susanty_Manuhutu) ( 1995 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_1995) ) Alya Rohali (/wiki/Alya_Rohali) ( 1996-99 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_1996) ) Bernika Irnadianis Ifada (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernika_Irnadianis_Ifada) ( 2000 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2000) ) Angelina Patricia Pingkan Sondakh (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Sondakh) ( 2001 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2001) ) Melanie Putria Dewita Sari (/wiki/Melanie_Putria_Dewita_Sari) ( 2002 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2002) ) Dian Khrisna (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Khrisna) ( 2003 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2003) ) Artika Sari Devi Kusmayadi (/wiki/Artika_Sari_Devi) ( 2004 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2004) ) Nadine Chandrawinata (/wiki/Nadine_Chandrawinata) ( 2005 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2005) ) Agni Pratistha Arkadewi Kuswardono (/wiki/Agni_Pratistha) ( 2006 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2006) ) Gracia Putri Raemawasti (/wiki/Putri_Raemawasti_Mulyono) ( 2007 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2007) ) Zivanna Letisha Siregar (/wiki/Zivanna_Letisha_Siregar) ( 2008 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2008) ) Qory Sandioriva (/wiki/Qory_Sandioriva) ( 2009 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2009) ) Nadine Alexandra Dewi Ames (/wiki/Nadine_Alexandra_Dewi_Ames) ( 2010 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2010) ) Maria Selena Nurcahya (/wiki/Maria_Selena_Nurcahya) ( 2011 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2011) ) Whulandary Herman (/wiki/Whulandary_Herman) ( 2012-13 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2012) ) Elvira Devinamira Wirayanti (/wiki/Elvira_Devinamira) ( 2014 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2014) ) Anindya Kusuma Putri (/wiki/Anindya_Kusuma_Putri) ( 2015 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2015) ) Kezia Roslin Cikita Warouw (/wiki/Kezia_Warouw) ( 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) ) Bunga Jelitha Ibrani (/wiki/Bunga_Jelitha) ( 2017 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2017) ) Sonia Fergina Citra (/wiki/Sonia_Fergina_Citra) ( 2018 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2018) ) Frederika Alexis Cull (/wiki/Frederika_Alexis_Cull) ( 2019 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2019) ) Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri (/wiki/Ayu_Maulida) ( 2020-2021 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) ) Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana ( 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) ) Farhana Nariswari Wisandana (/wiki/Farhana_Nariswari) ( 2023 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2023) ) Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) ( 2024 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2024) ) v t e Miss Universe Indonesia titleholders (/wiki/Miss_Universe) Putri Indonesia (1974–1977, 1980, 1982–1983) Nia Kurniasih Ardikoesoema (/wiki/Nia_Kurniasih_Ardikoesoema) ( 1974 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1974) ) Lydia Arlini Wahab (/wiki/Lydia_Arlini_Wahab) ( 1975 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1975) ) Juliarti Rahayu Gunawan (/wiki/Juliarti_Rahayu_Gunawan) ( 1976 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1976) ) Siti Mirza Nuria Arifin (/wiki/Siti_Mirza_Nuria_Arifin) ( 1977 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1977) ) Andi Nana Riwayatie Basoamier (/wiki/Andi_Nana_Riwayatie_Basoamier) ( 1980 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1980) ) Sri Yulianti Soemardjo (/wiki/Sri_Yulianti_Soemardjo) ( 1982 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1982) ) Andi Botenri (/wiki/Andi_Botenri) ( 1983 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1983) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (1995–1996, 2005–2020, 2022) Susanty Priscilla Adresina Manuhutu (/wiki/Susanty_Manuhutu) ( 1995 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1995) ) Alya Rohali (/wiki/Alya_Rohali) ( 1996 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_1996) ) Artika Sari Devi Kusmayadi (/wiki/Artika_Sari_Devi) ( 2005 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2005) ) Nadine Chandrawinata (/wiki/Nadine_Chandrawinata) ( 2006 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2006) ) Agni Pratistha Arkadewi Kuswardono (/wiki/Agni_Pratistha) ( 2007 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2007) ) Gracia Putri Raemawasti (/wiki/Putri_Raemawasti_Mulyono) ( 2008 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2008) ) Zivanna Letisha Siregar (/wiki/Zivanna_Letisha_Siregar) ( 2009 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2009) ) Qory Sandioriva (/wiki/Qory_Sandioriva) ( 2010 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2010) ) Nadine Alexandra Dewi Ames (/wiki/Nadine_Alexandra_Dewi_Ames) ( 2011 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2011) ) Maria Selena Nurcahya (/wiki/Maria_Selena_Nurcahya) ( 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2012) ) Whulandary Herman (/wiki/Whulandary_Herman) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2013) ) Elvira Devinamira Wirayanti (/wiki/Elvira_Devinamira) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2014) ) Anindya Kusuma Putri (/wiki/Anindya_Kusuma_Putri) ( 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2015) ) Kezia Roslin Cikita Warouw (/wiki/Kezia_Warouw) ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2016) ) Bunga Jelitha Ibrani (/wiki/Bunga_Jelitha) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2017) ) Sonia Fergina Citra (/wiki/Sonia_Fergina_Citra) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2018) ) Frederika Alexis Cull (/wiki/Frederika_Alexis_Cull) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2019) ) Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri (/wiki/Ayu_Maulida) ( 2020 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2020) ) Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) ) Miss Universe Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Indonesia) (2023–current) Fabiënne Nicole Groeneveld (/wiki/Fabi%C3%ABnne_Groeneveld) ( 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2023) ) Miss Universe Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Indonesia) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) v t e Miss Universe 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2022) national titleholders ARG : Bárbara Cabrera (/wiki/B%C3%A1rbara_Cabrera) AUS : Monique Riley (/wiki/Monique_Riley) BTN : Tashi Choden (/wiki/Tashi_Choden) BRA : Mia Mamede (/wiki/Mia_Mamede) KHM : Manita Hang (/wiki/Manita_Hang) COL : María Fernanda Aristizábal (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Fernanda_Aristiz%C3%A1bal) CUR : Gabriëla Dos Santos DOM : Andreína Martínez (/wiki/Andre%C3%ADna_Mart%C3%ADnez) GBR : Noky Simbani (/wiki/Noky_Simbani) GUA : Ivana Batchelor (/wiki/Ivana_Batchelor) IND : Divita Rai (/wiki/Divita_Rai) IDN : Laksmi De-Neefe Suardana KGZ : Altynai Botoyarova (/wiki/Altynai_Botoyarova) LAO : Payengxa Lor (/wiki/Payengxa_Lor) LBN : Yasmina Zaytoun (/wiki/Yasmina_Zaytoun) MYS : Cheam Wei Yeng MEX : Irma Miranda (/wiki/Irma_Miranda) NIC : Norma Huembes (/wiki/Norma_Huembes) PAN : Solaris Barba (/wiki/Solaris_Barba) PRY : Lia Ashmore (/wiki/Lia_Ashmore) PER : Alessia Rovegno (/wiki/Alessia_Rovegno) PHL : Celeste Cortesi (/wiki/Celeste_Cortesi) POL : Aleksandra Klepaczka (/wiki/Aleksandra_Klepaczka) POR : Telma Madeira (/wiki/Telma_Madeira) PUR : Ashley Cariño (/wiki/Ashley_Cari%C3%B1o) RUS : Anna Linnikova (/wiki/Anna_Linnikova) ZAF : Ndavi Nokeri (/wiki/Ndavi_Nokeri) THA : Anna Sueangam-iam (/wiki/Anna_Sueangam-iam) TTO : Tya Jané Ramey (/wiki/Tya_Jan%C3%A9_Ramey) USA : R'Bonney Gabriel (/wiki/R%27Bonney_Gabriel) VEN : Amanda Dudamel (/wiki/Amanda_Dudamel) VNM : Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Châu (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Ch%C3%A2u) Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Indonesia (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4n9q9 Cached time: 20240720185054 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.820 seconds Real time usage: 1.101 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6648/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 158943/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14447/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 207222/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.559/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 26031301/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 919.725 1 -total 27.70% 254.787 1 Template:Reflist 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laksmi_De-Neefe_Suardana&oldid=1227208822 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laksmi_De-Neefe_Suardana&oldid=1227208822) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1996 births (/wiki/Category:1996_births) Miss Universe Indonesia winners (/wiki/Category:Miss_Universe_Indonesia_winners) Puteri Indonesia winners (/wiki/Category:Puteri_Indonesia_winners) Miss Universe 2022 contestants (/wiki/Category:Miss_Universe_2022_contestants) Indonesian child activists (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_child_activists) Education activists (/wiki/Category:Education_activists) Open access activists (/wiki/Category:Open_access_activists) Indonesian human rights activists (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_human_rights_activists) Indonesian beauty pageant winners (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_beauty_pageant_winners) Indonesian film actresses (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_film_actresses) Indonesian television actresses (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_television_actresses) Indonesian female models (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_female_models) Indonesian women activists (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_women_activists) RMIT University alumni (/wiki/Category:RMIT_University_alumni) Monash University alumni (/wiki/Category:Monash_University_alumni) People from Melbourne (/wiki/Category:People_from_Melbourne) Balinese people (/wiki/Category:Balinese_people) Indo people (/wiki/Category:Indo_people) Indonesian people of Australian descent (/wiki/Category:Indonesian_people_of_Australian_descent) Australian people of Indonesian descent (/wiki/Category:Australian_people_of_Indonesian_descent) Hidden categories: CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Indonesian-language_sources_(id)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2023) Biography with signature (/wiki/Category:Biography_with_signature) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles containing Balinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Balinese-language_text) All articles lacking reliable references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references) Articles lacking reliable references from May 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_May_2023) Articles needing more detailed references (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_more_detailed_references) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
1921 1922 1923 1924 (/wiki/Category:1924_clothing) 1925 1926 1927 (/wiki/Category:1927_clothing) 1928 1929 1930 1931 (/wiki/Category:1931_clothing) 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s (/wiki/Category:1900s_clothing) 1910s 1920s (/wiki/Category:1920s_clothing) 1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_clothing) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_clothing) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐6thjx Cached time: 20240719000125 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.160 seconds Real time usage: 0.325 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 147/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4230/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 105/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 36/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.122/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1000578/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 315.367 1 -total 92.42% 291.459 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year 4.93% 15.533 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 3.20% 10.082 1 Template:Category_other 2.58% 8.137 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.82% 5.731 2 Template:Title_year 0.76% 2.383 1 Template:DECADE 0.49% 1.548 1 Template:Template_other 0.45% 1.424 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54773181-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719000125 and revision id 982830743. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "1926 clothing" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . P Polo shirt (/wiki/Polo_shirt) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1926_clothing&oldid=982830743 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1926_clothing&oldid=982830743) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by year (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_year) 1926 works (/wiki/Category:1926_works) 1920s clothing (/wiki/Category:1920s_clothing) Hidden categories: Category series navigation year and decade (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_year_and_decade) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
American fashion designer Xenobia Bailey Born Sherilyn Bailey 1955 (age 68–69) Seattle, Washington (/wiki/Seattle,_Washington) , United States Education University of Washington (/wiki/University_of_Washington) Known for Fiber art (/wiki/Fiber_art) Xenobia Bailey (born 1955) is an American fine artist, designer, Supernaturalist (/wiki/Supernatural) , cultural activist and fiber artist (/wiki/Fiber_art) best known for her eclectic crochet (/wiki/Crochet) African-inspired hats [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) and her large scale crochet pieces and mandalas (/wiki/Mandalas) . [2] (#cite_note-Museum-2) Early life [ edit ] Born Sherilyn Bailey in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) in 1955, in the 80s she changed her name to Xenobia (/wiki/Zenobia) for the warrior queen of ancient Palmyra (/wiki/Palmyra) [3] (#cite_note-Supernaturalist-3) and made her way to New York City. She began her professional life as a costume designer for the now defunct Black Arts/West (/wiki/Black_Arts/West_(Seattle)) and earned a BFA in Industrial Design (/wiki/Industrial_design) from the Pratt Institute (/wiki/Pratt_Institute) in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) in 1977. [1] (#cite_note-:6-1) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Affirmative action (/wiki/Affirmative_action) took her to the University of Washington (/wiki/University_of_Washington) [3] (#cite_note-Supernaturalist-3) where, she says, "the whole world opened up to me." She discovered ethnomusicology (/wiki/Ethnomusicology) , the study of music and culture from around the world. She followed it with courses in tailoring and millinery (/wiki/Millinery) at Seattle Central Community College (/wiki/Seattle_Central_Community_College) . [3] (#cite_note-Supernaturalist-3) In the late 80s, she worked for the CETA program (/wiki/Comprehensive_Employment_and_Training_Act) as an art instructor, which led her to meeting master needleworker Bernadette Sonona. It is here that Xenobia advanced her skills and learned how to create needleworks without the use of a pattern or template. [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Work [ edit ] Funktional Vibrations , mosaic, 2016. At the 34th Street (/wiki/34th_Street_%E2%80%93_Hudson_Yards_(IRT_Flushing_Line)) station Bailey focuses on ancient African styles, reviving undocumented, non-commercial, engineered designs, artifacts and other cultural treasures from contemporary rural and urban homemakers. Influences on her work include economic culture and a wish to design experimental nature-based-futuristic, sustainable material culture in the aesthetic of funk for a skilled craft & masons labor force. She is concerned with social and economic development and the health and well-being for under-served rural communities that were socially erased during the Atlantic Slave Trade. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Her large scale crochet pieces and mandalas (/wiki/Mandalas) consist of colorful concentric circles (/wiki/Concentric_objects) and repeating patterns. Bailey's art work ranges from costumes, hats, wall pieces and newer digital images are "the far cry from the traditional shawls and doilies associated with the medium". [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Her pieces are often connected to her ongoing project ''Paradise Under Reconstruction in the Aesthetic of Funk.' (/w/index.php?title=%27%27Paradise_Under_Reconstruction_in_the_Aesthetic_of_Funk.%27&action=edit&redlink=1) ' [2] (#cite_note-Museum-2) Bailey's work strives to create a textile culture and aesthetic that African Americans were unable to develop because of slavery and reconstruction. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) "To be an artist and be able to create things – it's like fireworks every time you think about something", says Bailey. "I try to get energy and movement from something that is not moving at all." [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Bailey's technique, of mostly circular rows of single crochet, forms a fabric classified as tapestry crochet (/wiki/Tapestry_crochet) in flat, geometric, highly colored designs influenced by African, Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_philosophy) , and Native American (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) and Eastern philosophies (/wiki/Eastern_philosophies) , with undertones of 1970s " Funk (/wiki/Funk) " aesthetic. Her work draws upon the Kongo Cosmogram (/wiki/Kongo_cosmogram) , or Yowa (/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)#History) , a symbol important to Kongo metaphysics and spiritual ceremonies. [9] (#cite_note-9) Her signature stitch is a flowy line, as if it is dripping. She calls it the "liquid stitch". [3] (#cite_note-Supernaturalist-3) Her hats have been featured in United Colors of Benetton (/wiki/United_Colors_of_Benetton) ads, on The Cosby Show (/wiki/The_Cosby_Show) , and in the Spike Lee (/wiki/Spike_Lee) film Do The Right Thing (/wiki/Do_The_Right_Thing) [10] (#cite_note-10) (worn by Samuel L. Jackson (/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson) as DJ Mister Señor Love Daddy). [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) She credits her shift from hats to walls to Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) artist Nick Cave (/wiki/Nick_Cave_(performance_artist)) . [3] (#cite_note-Supernaturalist-3) Bailey's piece, "Sistah Paradise Great Wall of Fire Revival Tent (Mandela Cosmic tapestry of energy flow)" was exhibited at Stux Gallery, Fall 2000. The piece was hand crocheted with cotton acrylic yarns, with 10' high x 5' diameter. In 2000 Bailey received the Creative Capital (/wiki/Creative_Capital) Award in the discipline of Visual Arts (/wiki/Visual_Arts) . [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) In 2003, her designs were featured in an Absolut Vodka (/wiki/Absolut_Vodka) advertisement entitled "Absolut Bailey." [13] (#cite_note-13) Bailey has been artist-in-residence (/wiki/Artist-in-residence) at the Studio Museum in Harlem (/wiki/Studio_Museum_in_Harlem) , the Society for Contemporary Craft (/wiki/Society_for_Contemporary_Craft) in Pittsburgh, and the Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation in New York City. In an experimental collaboration sponsored by the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts (/wiki/Haystack_Mountain_School_of_Crafts) and the MIT Media Lab (/wiki/MIT_Media_Lab) , Bailey crocheted with electroluminescent wire (/wiki/Electroluminescent_wire) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Her work has been exhibited at the Studio Museum of Harlem (/wiki/Studio_Museum_in_Harlem) , [15] (#cite_note-15) the Jersey City Museum (/wiki/Jersey_City_Museum) , the New Museum of Contemporary Art (/wiki/New_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art) , and the High Museum of Art (/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art) in Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) . As an addition to her ongoing project Paradise Under Reconstruction , [16] (#cite_note-16) she created a hanging installation in 2006 called Mothership 1: Sistah Paradise's Great Walls of Fire Revival Tent . This piece was created to cover the topic of absent historical documentation for African enslavement in America (/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States) . [2] (#cite_note-Museum-2) In September 2014, Bailey partnered with students from Boys & Girls High School (/wiki/Boys_%26_Girls_High_School) in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) to design and produce furniture to furnish a home for the Historic Hunterfly Road Houses. [17] (#cite_note-17) Sixty students, aged 14–17, designed three pieces for an imaginary couple moving into 21st century Brooklyn using recycled materials. [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) (Xenobia Bailey. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2019, from http://www.abladeofgrass.org/fellows/xenobia-bailey/ (http://www.abladeofgrass.org/fellows/xenobia-bailey/) ) In 2016, Xenobia Bailey created a large-scale glass mosaic at the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority) for the New York City Subway (/wiki/New_York_City_Subway) 's 34th Street – Hudson Yards (/wiki/34th_Street_%E2%80%93_Hudson_Yards_(IRT_Flushing_Line)) station. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) She named the piece Funktional Vibrations . [20] (#cite_note-20) Bailey crocheted the design for the mosaic; the Miotto Mosaic Art Studio (/w/index.php?title=Miotto_Mosaic_Art_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1) then digitized it and translated it into the final mosaic. [21] (#cite_note-21) That same year, she also participated in the SITE Santa Fe Biennial. [22] (#cite_note-22) Bailey was a 2018 Artist-in-Residence at the McColl Center for Art + Innovation (/wiki/McColl_Center_for_Art_%2B_Innovation) in Charlotte, North Carolina (/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina) . [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) In 2020, Bailey unveiled a new public art mosaic entitled "Morning Stars," at St. Petersburg (/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida) 's new Pier District. [25] (#cite_note-:5-25) 2020 Bailey designed the public art work, permanently installed in the Grand Reading Room, in the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in Washington DC, [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-:8-27) The library was originally designed by German American Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in 1972. [27] (#cite_note-:8-27) During the Summer of 2021 Bailey realized in The Winter Garden at Brookfield Place. Mothership was on view June 28 under her canopy entitled Functional Frequency Environment. [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2024, Xenobia Bailey presented her exhibition "Paradise Under Reconstruction in the Aesthetic of Funk: The Second Coming" at Venus Over Manhattan. This marked her first solo gallery show in New York City in over two decades, featuring approximately twenty recent and historical crochet works in an immersive installation. [29] (#cite_note-29) Collections [ edit ] Her work is in the permanent collections at Harlem's Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (/wiki/Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture) , [30] (#cite_note-:7-30) the Allentown Art Museum (/wiki/Allentown_Art_Museum) , the Museum of Contemporary Arts, the Texas Fashion Collection (/wiki/Texas_Fashion_Collection) , and in the Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) . [30] (#cite_note-:7-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Selected exhibitions [ edit ] Solo [ edit ] 2002: Xenobia Bailey: Paradise Under Reconstruction in the Aesthetic of Funk—Phase IV (January 18 - February 17) [32] (#cite_note-32) 2008: Jersey City Museum (/wiki/Jersey_City_Museum) , [RE]Possessed , (June 16 - August 24, 2008) [33] (#cite_note-33) 2015: 34th St–Hudson Yards Station, Funktional Vibrations, Glass Mosaic, The Studio Museum in Harlem (/wiki/Studio_Museum_in_Harlem) (Permanent Installation 2015) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) 2020: Morning Stars , St. Pete Pier, St. Petersburg, Florida (permanent installation). [25] (#cite_note-:5-25) 2020: Permanent installation, Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library (/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial_Library) , Washington, DC [36] (#cite_note-36) Group [ edit ] 2015: Xenobia Bailey (1955, Seattle) is one of the artists in the exhibition 'Fiber: Sculpture 1960–Present' in ICA Boston, from October 1 till January 4, 2015. The exhibition also has a catalog in print form. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) 2017: Studio Views: Craft in the Expanded Field, Museum of Arts and Design, New York City (October 24 - December 17, 2017) [39] (#cite_note-39) 2019: Vibration & Frequency Experiment Funktional Material Culture Design Lab, Seattle at Wa Na Wari [40] (#cite_note-40) Honors and awards [ edit ] In 2000, Xenobia Bailey won a Creative Capital (/wiki/Creative_Capital) grant for her project, Paradise Under Reconstruction in the Aesthetic of Funk. [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) In 2017, Bailey won the Americans for the Arts Public Art Year in Review Award for her artwork Paradise Under Reconstruction in the Aesthetic of Funk: A Quantum Leap, Starting From The Top…!!! [41] (#cite_note-41) In 2019, Bailey was one of the inaugural recipients of the BRIC Colene Brown Art Prize. [42] (#cite_note-42) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Style Makers; Xenobia Bailey, African-Hat Designer" (https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/19/style/style-makers-xenobia-bailey-african-hat-designer.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 19 August 1990. pp. A.38. Archived (https://archive.today/20130216150155/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/19/style/style-makers-xenobia-bailey-african-hat-designer.html) from the original on 16 February 2013 . Retrieved 27 January 2013 . ^ a b c "Mothership 1: Sistah Paradise's Great Walls of Fire Revival Tent" (http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/sistah_paradise/) . Brooklyn Museum (/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum) . 2005. Archived (http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20230527140937/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/sistah_paradise) from the original on 27 May 2023 . Retrieved 27 January 2013 . ^ a b c d e Graves, Jen (16 November 2011). "The Supernaturalist: Xenobia Bailey and How She Got That Way" (https://www.thestranger.com/features/2011/11/16/10729199/the-supernaturalist) . The Stranger (/wiki/The_Stranger_(newspaper)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220628201533/https://www.thestranger.com/features/2011/11/16/10729199/the-supernaturalist) from the original on 28 June 2022 . Retrieved 26 July 2023 . ^ a b Hassan, Salah M (1997). Gendered Visions: The Art of Contemporary Africana Women Artists . Trenton, New Jersey: Africana World Press. pp. 19–23. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780865436190 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 37157863 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37157863) . ^ a b "Xenobia Bailey" (https://art.state.gov/personnel/xenobia_bailey/) . Art in Embassies . US Department of State (/wiki/US_Department_of_State) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230629004947/https://art.state.gov/personnel/xenobia_bailey/) from the original on 29 June 2023 . Retrieved 11 March 2017 . ^ a b Reed Miller, Rosemary E. (2002). Threads of Time, The Fabric of History: Profiles of African American Dressmakers and Designers, 1850-2002 . Washington, D.C.: T&S Press. p. 153. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780970971302 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 172683699 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/172683699) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Ruyak, Jacqueline (Summer 2009). "Xenobia Bailey: Revisiting Reconstruction". Surface Design Journal . 33 (4): 36–39. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0197-4483 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0197-4483) – via Art Full Text. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Wynn, Toni (1999). "This Work Meditative and Blessed". International Review of African American Art . 15 (4): 3–15. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1045-0920 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1045-0920) – via Art Full Text. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Gaskins, Nettrice (2016). "The African Cosmogram Matrix in Contemporary Art and Culture". Black Theology . 14 : 28–41. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/14769948.2015.1131502 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14769948.2015.1131502) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 147700011 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147700011) – via Art Full Text. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Otfinoski, Steven (2010). African Americans in the Visual Arts . Facts On File, Incorporated. pp. 11 (https://archive.org/details/africanamericans0000otfi_m3y2/page/10/mode/2up?q=xenobia) , 12. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780816078400 . ^ a b "A 21st Century Urban Rhapsody in Reconstructive, Funky Design" (https://www.bkreader.com/arts-entertainment/a-21st-century-urban-rhapsody-in-reconstructive-funky-design-6539153) . The Brooklyn Reader . 3 October 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230727031243/https://www.bkreader.com/arts-entertainment/a-21st-century-urban-rhapsody-in-reconstructive-funky-design-6539153) from the original on 27 July 2023 . Retrieved 11 March 2017 . ^ a b "Paradise Under Reconstruction in the Aesthetic of Funk" (https://creative-capital.org/projects/paradise-under-reconstruction-in-the-aesthetic-of-funk/) . Creative Capital (/wiki/Creative_Capital) . 2000. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230603212703/https://creative-capital.org/projects/paradise-under-reconstruction-in-the-aesthetic-of-funk/) from the original on 3 June 2023 . Retrieved 27 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Farrington. E., Lisa (2004). Creating Their Own Image: The History of African-American Women Artists . Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 253, 254 (https://archive.org/details/creatingtheirown0000farr/page/253) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 019516721X . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Haystack and MIT Sponsor "Digital Dialogues" ". Fiberarts . 29 : 12. 2003 – via Art Full Text. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The Bearden Project" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140317081002/http://thebeardenproject.studiomuseum.org/xenobia-bailey/) . The Studio Museum in Harlem (/wiki/The_Studio_Museum_in_Harlem) . Archived from the original (http://thebeardenproject.studiomuseum.org/xenobia-bailey/) on 17 March 2014 . Retrieved 27 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Xenobia Bailey" (https://abladeofgrass.org/fellows/xenobia-bailey/) . A Blade of Grass . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531101108/https://abladeofgrass.org/fellows/xenobia-bailey/) from the original on 31 May 2023 . Retrieved 26 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Xenobia Bailey in collaboration with Boys & Girls High School" (https://creativetime.org/projects/black-radical-brooklyn/artists/xenobia-bailey/) . Creative Time . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230502001032/https://creativetime.org/projects/black-radical-brooklyn/artists/xenobia-bailey/) from the original on 2 May 2023 . Retrieved 26 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Meier, Allison (15 September 2015). "Various Visions of the Future in NYC's First New Subway Station in 25 Years" (http://hyperallergic.com/236806/various-visions-of-the-future-in-nycs-first-new-subway-station-in-25-years/) . Hyperallergic (/wiki/Hyperallergic) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230614100919/https://hyperallergic.com/236806/various-visions-of-the-future-in-nycs-first-new-subway-station-in-25-years/) from the original on 14 June 2023 . Retrieved 26 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Metropolitan Transportation Authority. "7 Line Extension" (http://web.mta.info/capital/comout_no7_alt.html) . Retrieved 14 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Cook, Lauren (11 July 2016). "NYC subway art: See photos of stunning and thought-provoking artwork - 34th Street-Hudson Yards, Manhattan" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161018021127/http://www.amny.com/transit/nyc-subway-art-see-photos-of-stunning-and-thought-provoking-artworks-1.11891428) . AM New York (/wiki/AM_New_York) . Archived from the original (http://www.amny.com/transit/nyc-subway-art-see-photos-of-stunning-and-thought-provoking-artworks-1.11891428) on 18 October 2016 . Retrieved 3 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Czarnecki, John (2015). "Vibrant Mosaics Greet Visitors to the Newest New York Subway Entrance". Contract . 56 : 112 – via Art Full Text. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Davis, Ben (15 July 2016). "10 Great Artists to See at the SITE Santa Fe Biennial" (https://news.artnet.com/art-world/10-great-artists-site-santa-fe-2016-biennial-559106) . Artnet News (/wiki/Artnet) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230701114958/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/10-great-artists-site-santa-fe-2016-biennial-559106) from the original on 1 July 2023 . Retrieved 8 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Xenobia Bailey" (https://mccollcenter.org/) . McColl Center for Art + Innovation (/wiki/McColl_Center_for_Art_%2B_Innovation) . 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221208064517/https://mccollcenter.org/artists-in-residence/artist/xenobia-bailey) from the original on 8 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Infanzon, Vanessa (17 January 2018). "Wanted: Natural hair, crocheters, a choir, some gossip – for new work at McColl Center" (https://www.charlotteobserver.com/entertainment/arts-culture/article195110729.html) . The Charlotte Observer (/wiki/The_Charlotte_Observer) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180121095146/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/entertainment/arts-culture/article195110729.html) from the original on 21 January 2018 . Retrieved 29 July 2023 . ^ a b Duffy, Maggie (4 July 2020). "Four Distinct Works of Art Revealed at the New St. Pete Pier" (https://www.tampabay.com/life-culture/arts/visual-arts/2020/07/02/four-distinct-works-of-art-revealed-at-the-new-st-pete-pier/) . Tampa Bay Times (/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times) . 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Interior Design (/wiki/Interior_Design_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230224185206/https://interiordesign.net/projects/ludwig-mies-van-der-rohes-only-public-library-project-gets-a-refresh/) from the original on 24 February 2023 . Retrieved 29 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Xenobia Bailey in The Winter Garden at Brookfield Place in Summer 2021" (https://gothamtogo.com/xenobia-bailey-in-the-winter-garden-at-brookfield-place-in-summer-2021/) . GothamToGo . 11 June 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230701114958/https://gothamtogo.com/xenobia-bailey-in-the-winter-garden-at-brookfield-place-in-summer-2021/) from the original on 1 July 2023 . Retrieved 31 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Heinrich, Will; Cotter, Holland; Elujoba, Yinka (2024-05-29). "What to See in N.Y.C. Galleries in June" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/29/arts/design/what-to-see-nyc-galleries-june.html) . The New York Times . 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MTA (/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230707122415/http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=7&artist=1&station=13) from the original on 7 July 2023 . Retrieved 3 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Lefrak, Mikaela; Turner, Tyrone (23 July 2020). "The MLK Library Will Reopen This Fall with Recording Studios, a Slide, and Rooftop Views" (https://dcist.com/story/20/07/23/martin-luther-king-jr-dc-public-library-reopening-renovation-photos-exhibit/) . DCist (/wiki/WAMU) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200814141707/https://dcist.com/story/20/07/23/martin-luther-king-jr-dc-public-library-reopening-renovation-photos-exhibit/) from the original on 14 August 2020 . Retrieved 11 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Porter, Jenelle, ed. (2014). Fiber : sculpture 1960-present . Munich: DelMonico Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783791353821 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 878667652 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/878667652) . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Xenobia Bailey" (http://africanah.org/xenobia-bailey/) . Arena for Contemporary African, African-American and Caribbean Art . 25 September 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180812062447/https://africanah.org/xenobia-bailey/) from the original on 12 August 2018 . Retrieved 3 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Studio Views: Craft in the Expanded Field" (https://madmuseum.org/exhibition/studio-views-craft-expanded-field) . Museum of Arts and Design (/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design) . 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230327100251/https://madmuseum.org/exhibition/studio-views-craft-expanded-field) from the original on 27 March 2023 . Retrieved 11 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Xenobia Bailey" (https://www.wanawari.org/xenobia-bailey.html) . Wa Na Wari . Retrieved 2020-11-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Lindsay, Erika (19 June 2017). "ARTS wins National Award for artwork dedicated to Black innovation and joy" (https://artbeat.seattle.gov/2017/06/19/office-of-arts-cultures-public-art-project-receives-national-recognition/) . Art Beat . Seattle Office of Arts & Culture. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230701114958/https://artbeat.seattle.gov/2017/06/19/office-of-arts-cultures-public-art-project-receives-national-recognition/) from the original on 1 July 2023 . Retrieved 3 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Inaugural Recipients of BRIC's $100,000 Colene Brown Art Prize Announced" (https://www.artforum.com/news/inaugural-recipients-of-bric-s-100-000-colene-brown-art-prize-announced-80946) . Artforum (/wiki/Artforum) . 2 October 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230702051653/https://www.artforum.com/news/inaugural-recipients-of-bric-s-100-000-colene-brown-art-prize-announced-80946) from the original on 2 July 2023 . Retrieved 3 November 2020 . External links [ edit ] https://xenobiabailey.com/ (https://xenobiabailey.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000497416634) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/309815656) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJppym6vmfwTW7qFTdgYfq) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2016077967) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/333153) ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500335386) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : United States (/wiki/Portal:United_States) Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐xpgvh Cached time: 20240623114658 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.619 seconds Real time usage: 0.848 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3703/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 87545/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1341/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 169004/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.451/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6857806/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 780.523 1 -total 38.57% 301.053 1 Template:Reflist 22.20% 173.282 1 Template:Infobox_artist 18.91% 147.580 1 Template:Short_description 15.13% 118.074 8 Template:Cite_news 14.56% 113.634 2 Template:Pagetype 12.12% 94.608 1 Template:Authority_control 12.06% 94.126 23 Template:Cite_web 6.79% 52.984 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age 5.27% 41.145 1 Template:Portal_bar Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38348011-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623114658 and revision id 1228890809. 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Removable heel is a concept that allows the wearer to easily change heels of a shoe during the day in order to change height, color or shape of the heel. Reducing heel height might lessen pain and the health effects of high-heels (/wiki/High-heels) . [1] (#cite_note-Parker-1) History [ edit ] Removable heels were first imagined in 1956 by French shoe designer André Perugia (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Perugia) [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Parker_1-0) "Multi-Height Heel Could Be Solution For Some Foot Pain" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011623/http://www.parkerpodiatry.com/blog/multi-height-heel-could-be-solution-for-some-foot-pain.cfm) . Parker Foot and Ankle. Archived from the original (http://www.parkerpodiatry.com/blog/multi-height-heel-could-be-solution-for-some-foot-pain.cfm) on 12 February 2019 . Retrieved 10 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "1956 \| HEELSTORY \| ANDRE PERUGIA & MERWIN ZUCKERMAN \| THE TWIN PATENTS \| INTERCHANGEABLE HEELS FOR I.MILLER" (http://www.thehistorialist.com/2012/05/heelstory-twin-interchangeable-heels.html) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6b77c95f4f‐gq7mb Cached time: 20240626021029 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.188 seconds Real time usage: 0.241 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 139/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3643/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 78/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8291/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.129/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2836457/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 195.654 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 195.654 1 -total 85.18% 166.649 2 Template:Cite_web 1.03% 2.006 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51204201-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626021029 and revision id 1187417519. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Removable_heel&oldid=1187417519 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Removable_heel&oldid=1187417519) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shoemaking (/wiki/Category:Shoemaking)
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American filmmaker Frédéric Tcheng Born France (/wiki/France) Alma mater Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) Occupation Filmmaker Years active 2006–present Works Dior and I (/wiki/Dior_and_I) , Halston (/wiki/Halston_(film)) Frédéric Tcheng is a French film director, screenwriter, and cinematographer. He is best known for his documentaries Dior and I (/wiki/Dior_and_I) , Halston (/wiki/Halston_(film)) , and Invisible Beauty . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Life and career [ edit ] Tcheng was born and raised in Lyon, France (/wiki/Lyon,_France) . [4] (#cite_note-4) After studying engineering in Paris, he moved to New York City where he obtained a Masters of Fine Arts from Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) 's film school in 2007. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) His first foray into documentary was the 2008 documentary Valentino: The Last Emperor (/wiki/Valentino:_The_Last_Emperor) , which he co-produced and co-edited. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2011, he was the writer and co-director of Diana Vreeland: The Eye Has to Travel (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland:_The_Eye_Has_to_Travel) , which premiered at the Venice International Film Festival (/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Tcheng's solo directorial debut, Dior and I (/wiki/Dior_and_I) , premiered at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival (/wiki/Tribeca_Festival) . [9] (#cite_note-9) The acclaimed documentary focuses on Raf Simons (/wiki/Raf_Simons) ' first haute couture collection for Dior (/wiki/Dior) . [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) Also in 2014, he served as a jury member at the Warsaw film festival (/wiki/Warsaw_Film_Festival) and CPH:DOX (/wiki/Copenhagen_International_Documentary_Film_Festival) . [10] (#cite_note-filmneweurope.com-10) From 2018 to 2019, he served as a filmmaking mentor for Queer art (/wiki/Queer_art) , a non-profit arts organization that serves a diverse community of LGBTQ+ (/wiki/LGBT) artists. [10] (#cite_note-filmneweurope.com-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2019, he directed the documentary Halston (/wiki/Halston_(film)) for CNN Films (/wiki/CNN_Films) and Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video) . The film reframes the story of the American designer Halston (/wiki/Halston) as a business thriller and premiered at Sundance Film Festival (/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Tcheng's latest film, Invisible Beauty , about model and activist Bethann Hardison (/wiki/Bethann_Hardison) , premiered at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival (/wiki/2023_Sundance_Film_Festival) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Tcheng co-wrote and co-directed the film, along with Hardison. [15] (#cite_note-15) Tcheng also served as an editor on the second season of the Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) series Making a Murderer (/wiki/Making_a_Murderer) , and a cinematographer on the documentary King Georges (/wiki/King_Georges) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Contribution Note 2008 Valentino: The Last Emperor (/wiki/Valentino:_The_Last_Emperor) Co-editor and co-producer Documentary 2011 Diana Vreeland: The Eye Has to Travel (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland:_The_Eye_Has_to_Travel) Co-director Documentary 2014 Dior and I (/wiki/Dior_and_I) Director, writer and producer Documentary 2015 King Georges (/wiki/King_Georges) Cinematographer Documentary 2018 Making a Murderer (/wiki/Making_a_Murderer) Editor 3 Episodes 2019 Halston (/wiki/Halston_(film)) Director, writer and producer Documentary 2023 Invisible Beauty Co-director and editor Documentary Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Result Award Category Work Ref. 2014 Won Seattle International Film Festival (/wiki/Seattle_International_Film_Festival) Documentary Special Jury Award Dior and I (/wiki/Dior_and_I) [17] (#cite_note-17) Nominated Tribeca Festival (/wiki/Tribeca_Festival) Best Documentary Feature [18] (#cite_note-18) Nominated Melbourne International Film Festival (/wiki/Melbourne_International_Film_Festival) Best Documentary Nominated Abu Dhabi Film Festival (/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Film_Festival) Best Documentary Feature [19] (#cite_note-19) 2019 Nominated International Documentary Association (/wiki/International_Documentary_Association) Video Source Award Halston (/wiki/Halston_(film)) [20] (#cite_note-20) Nominated CPH:DOX (/wiki/Copenhagen_International_Documentary_Film_Festival) Politiken's Audience Award [21] (#cite_note-21) Nominated Sarasota Film Festival (/wiki/Sarasota_Film_Festival) Best Documentary Feature [22] (#cite_note-22) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Review: 'Halston' documentary focuses on designer's influence on art and business" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-halston-review-fashion-documentary-20190527-story.html) . latimes.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ a b "Dior and I . . . and I: How Frédéric Tcheng Made the Fashion Documentary of the Decade" (https://www.vogue.com/article/dior-and-i-frederic-tcheng-review) . vogue.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) " (https://www.vogue.com/article/bethann-hardison-frederic-tcheng-invisible-beauty-documentary) "There's Never Going to Be Another Bethann"—How Bethann Hardison and Frédéric Tcheng Made Their New Documentary Invisible Beauty" (https://www.vogue.com/article/bethann-hardison-frederic-tcheng-invisible-beauty-documentary) . vogue.com . Retrieved 2023-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "FRÉDÉRIC TCHENG TALKS DIOR & I" (https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2015/10/22/frederic-tcheng-talks-dior-i/) . wonderlandmagazine.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "DIOR AND I" (https://www.cmu.edu/faces/previous_festivals/2015work/films/dior.html) . cmu.edu . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Columbia Filmmakers Head to Sundance 2023 \| School of the Arts" (https://arts.columbia.edu/news/columbia-filmmakers-head-sundance-2023) . arts.columbia.edu . Retrieved 2022-12-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "FRÉDÉRIC TCHENG" (https://www.showstudio.com/contributors/frederic_tcheng) . showstudio.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Diana Vreeland: The Eye Has to Travel" (https://www.nziff.co.nz/2012/archive/diana-vreeland-the-eye-has-to-travel/) . nziff.co.nz . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Dior Film to Debut at Tribeca Festival" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/dior-film-to-debut-at-tribeca-festival-7551702/) . wwd.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ a b "AWARDS AT THE 30TH WARSAW FILM FESTIVAL" (https://www.filmneweurope.com/festivals/item/109332-awards-at-the-30th-warsaw-film-festival) . filmneweurope.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "QUEER-ART-MENTORSHIP supports a year-long exchange between emerging and established artists in four different creative fields: Film, Literature, Performance, and Visual Art" (https://www.queer-art.org/mentorship) . queer-art . Retrieved 2023-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Sundance: Director Frederic Tcheng on His 'Halston' Doc: "My Job Was to Get to Know the Man Behind the Sunglasses" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/sundance-director-frederic-tcheng-his-halston-doc-my-job-was-get-know-man-behind-sunglasses-1180517/) . hollywoodreporter.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Invisible Beauty" (https://festival.sundance.org/program/film/638a1a40d406b261cbf2d400) . festival.sundance.org . Retrieved 2023-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Matthew Carey (July 18, 2023). "Magnolia Pictures Acquires 'Invisible Beauty'; Doc About Pioneering African American Model Bethann Hardison Features Zendaya, Naomi Campbell" (https://deadline.com/2023/07/invisible-beauty-bethann-hardison-documentary-magnolia-pictures-acquisition-news-directors-hardison-and-frederic-tcheng-1235440237/) . Deadline . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Nicole Phelps (January 19, 2023). " (https://www.vogue.com/article/bethann-hardison-frederic-tcheng-invisible-beauty-documentary) "There's Never Going to Be Another Bethann"—How Bethann Hardison and Frédéric Tcheng Made Their New Documentary Invisible Beauty" (https://www.vogue.com/article/bethann-hardison-frederic-tcheng-invisible-beauty-documentary) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Frédéric Tcheng" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3088409/) . IMDB . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "IFF ANNOUNCES 2014 GOLDEN SPACE NEEDLE & COMPETITION AWARDS" (https://www.siff.net/news/press/press-releases/awards-2014) . siff.net . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Here Are the 12 Films in the World Documentary Competition" (https://tribecafilm.com/news/tribeca-film-festival-documentaries-2014) . tribecafilm.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Credits roll on eighth Abu Dhabi Film Festival" (https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts/credits-roll-on-eighth-abu-dhabi-film-festival-1.477783) . thenationalnews.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Best Feature Nominees" (https://www.documentary.org/awards2019/nominees) . documentary.org . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "John Skoog's hybrid documentary Ridge wins CPH:DOX's main prize, the DOX:AWARD" (https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/370302/) . cineuropa.org . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Documentary Competition (Features)" (https://www.sarasotafilmfestival.com/tag/documentary-competition-features/) . sarasotafilmfestival.com . Retrieved 2022-11-15 . External links [ edit ] Frédéric Tcheng (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3088409/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Frédéric Tcheng (https://www.allmovie.com/artist/pP615995) at AllMovie (/wiki/AllMovie) This article about a French film director is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fetish clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fetish_clothing) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Fetish fashion (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5795bc6b8c‐kzbgw Cached time: 20240720165837 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.070 seconds Real time usage: 0.141 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2887/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 320/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.041/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1065348/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 129.974 1 -total 69.29% 90.055 1 Template:Commons_category 67.23% 87.377 1 Template:Sister_project 65.92% 85.675 1 Template:Side_box 30.61% 39.780 1 Template:Cat_main 5.03% 6.543 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1068880-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165837 and revision id 1195472129. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. M Fetish clothing manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Fetish_clothing_manufacturers) ‎ (6 P) Pages in category "Fetish clothing" The following 42 pages are in this category, out of 42 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Clothing fetish (/wiki/Clothing_fetish) Fetish fashion (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) B Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Ballet boot (/wiki/Ballet_boot) Basque (clothing) (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) BLUF (fetishism) (/wiki/BLUF_(fetishism)) Body belt (/wiki/Body_belt) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Bodysuit (/wiki/Bodysuit) Bondage corset (/wiki/Bondage_corset) Bondage hood (/wiki/Bondage_hood) Bondage pants (/wiki/Bondage_pants) Bondage suit (/wiki/Bondage_suit) C Catholic school uniform (/wiki/Catholic_school_uniform) Catsuit (/wiki/Catsuit) Catsuits and bodysuits in popular media (/wiki/Catsuits_and_bodysuits_in_popular_media) Chap boot (/wiki/Chap_boot) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Collars in BDSM (/wiki/Collars_in_BDSM) Combat boot (/wiki/Combat_boot) Corset (/wiki/Corset) D Diaper fetishism (/wiki/Diaper_fetishism) F Fishnet (/wiki/Fishnet) French maid (/wiki/French_maid) G Charles Guyette (/wiki/Charles_Guyette) H Hobble skirt (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) J Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) L Rubber and PVC fetishism (/wiki/Rubber_and_PVC_fetishism) Latex clothing (/wiki/Latex_clothing) M Fetish model (/wiki/Fetish_model) N Nazi chic (/wiki/Nazi_chic) Neck corset (/wiki/Neck_corset) P Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Playboy Bunny (/wiki/Playboy_Bunny) S See-through clothing (/wiki/See-through_clothing) Skin-tight garment (/wiki/Skin-tight_garment) Spandex fetishism (/wiki/Spandex_fetishism) Stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) T Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Tightlacing (/wiki/Tightlacing) U Uniform fetishism (/wiki/Uniform_fetishism) Z Zentai (/wiki/Zentai) Media in category "Fetish clothing" This category contains only the following file. B File:BDSM collar back.jpg (/wiki/File:BDSM_collar_back.jpg) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fetish_clothing&oldid=1195472129 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fetish_clothing&oldid=1195472129) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : BDSM equipment (/wiki/Category:BDSM_equipment) Clothing by function (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_function) Clubwear (/wiki/Category:Clubwear) Fashion aesthetics (/wiki/Category:Fashion_aesthetics) Fashion-related fetishism (/wiki/Category:Fashion-related_fetishism) Sexual fetishism (/wiki/Category:Sexual_fetishism) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Canadian sunglasses company This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tannereye) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Tannereye" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tannereye%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tannereye%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tannereye%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tannereye%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tannereye%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tannereye%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Tannereye Ltd Founded 1976 ; 48 years ago ( 1976 ) Founders Peter Leunes Maureen Leunes Headquarters Charlottetown (/wiki/Charlottetown) , Prince Edward Island (/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island) , Canada Tannereye Ltd was a Canadian sunglasses manufacturing company, specializing in leather covered sunglasses. It was established in 1978 [1] (#cite_note-1) by Peter and Maureen Leunes on Prince Edward Island (/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island) . Tannereye was the first company to adhere very thin leather to optical frames. [ citation needed ] History [ edit ] In the early 1970s, Peter Leunes had the idea of putting leather onto eyeglass frames. It took several years to make this concept a reality. They used a process that immersed the plastic frame in an acetone solution, activating the plastic surface to allow the leather to adhere permanently. Tannereye Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) 's Polo was one of the first companies retail this product. The company's major client for many years was Bausch & Lomb (/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb) , where leather was applied to Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) frames. [2] (#cite_note-reprise-2) In 22 years, Tannereye produced over five million leather covered glasses. In the later years of the company also produced leather appliques on apparel, screens and leather covered sculptures. Because of the steady Bausch & Lomb orders, Tannereye was a major Charlottetown (/wiki/Charlottetown) employer through the 1980s [3] (#cite_note-3) but dependence on a single product for revenue was a challenge for long term stability. To address this, Peter Leunes, with employees Frank Hale and Carl Drew, developed and marketed new products mostly in the decorative accessory line. [ citation needed ] The Leunes family eventually sold their interests [ when? ] in the company to a group of employees who developed the new products further and who operated it successfully in areas of leather covered sculptures for several years. Following the death of the owner in the early 1990s, the company closed. [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Browline glasses (/wiki/Browline_glasses) Horn-rimmed glasses (/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses) Rimless eyeglasses (/wiki/Rimless_eyeglasses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "TANNEREYE LTD. - Canada Prince Edward Island Provincial Register Filing History" (http://www.datalog.co.uk/browse/detail.php/CompanyNumber/CAPE3916/CompanyName/TANNEREYE+LTD.) . Datalog . Retrieved 2024-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-reprise_2-0) Jardine, Michael (2020-11-30). "Telling the Story: Part 1- mostly about TURA" (https://www.repriseeyewear.com/post/telling-the-story-part-1-mostly-about-tura) . Reprise Eyewear . Retrieved 2024-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Czinkota, Michael R. (1989). International Business . Dryden Press. p. 21. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780030145339 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fraser, Sara (2017-04-03). "Striking vintage treasure: P.E.I. sunglasses company revives '80s brand" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/pei-sunglasses-vintage-fellow-earthlings-canadian-1980s-1.4047705) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . Retrieved 2024-02-05 . 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐967764f4‐l4h8v Cached time: 20240628040625 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76550862-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628040625 and revision id 1217703851. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "German fashion photographers" The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Thomas Bak (/wiki/Thomas_Bak) F Arno Fischer (/wiki/Arno_Fischer) H Esther Haase (/wiki/Esther_Haase) Andreas Heumann (/wiki/Andreas_Heumann) Walde Huth (/wiki/Walde_Huth) L Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) Peter Lindbergh (/wiki/Peter_Lindbergh) Herbert List (/wiki/Herbert_List) M Ute Mahler (/wiki/Ute_Mahler) Oliver Mark (/wiki/Oliver_Mark) Willy Maywald (/wiki/Willy_Maywald) Roger Melis (/wiki/Roger_Melis) O Uwe Ommer (/wiki/Uwe_Ommer) P Christa Peters (/wiki/Christa_Peters) Rico Puhlmann (/wiki/Rico_Puhlmann) R Katja Rahlwes (/wiki/Katja_Rahlwes) Regina Relang (/wiki/Regina_Relang) Günter Rössler (/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_R%C3%B6ssler) S Daniel Sannwald (/wiki/Daniel_Sannwald) Norbert Schoerner (/wiki/Norbert_Schoerner) T Juergen Teller (/wiki/Juergen_Teller) U Ellen von Unwerth (/wiki/Ellen_von_Unwerth) W Chris von Wangenheim (/wiki/Chris_von_Wangenheim) Noah Wunsch (/wiki/Noah_Wunsch) Y Yva (/wiki/Yva) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_fashion_photographers&oldid=1217703851 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_fashion_photographers&oldid=1217703851) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion photographers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_photographers) German photographers (/wiki/Category:German_photographers)
British costume designer Hazel Webb-Crozier is a costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) from Belfast, Northern Ireland. Since 1990, she has been involved with costume design for the British and Irish film and television industries and in 2005 won her first IFTA (/wiki/Irish_Film_and_Television_Awards) [1] (#cite_note-1) for her work on Mickybo and Me (/wiki/Mickybo_and_Me) , a film telling the story of two local Northern Irish children, one Catholic and one Protestant, who become friends at the start of the troubles in 1970. More recently, Webb-Crozier has managed the costume and wardrobe department on high-profile Hollywood films such as Your Highness (/wiki/Your_Highness) (currently in post-production), Closing the Ring (/wiki/Closing_the_Ring) , Cherrybomb (/wiki/Cherrybomb_(film)) [2] (#cite_note-2) and Wilderness (/wiki/Wilderness_(2006_film)) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090325125326/http://www.ifta.ie/awards/winnersdocs/IFTAWinners2005.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://www.ifta.ie/awards/winnersdocs/IFTAWinners2005.pdf) (PDF) on 25 March 2009 . Retrieved 3 March 2014 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Stars having a blast in Belfast" (http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/stars-having-a-blast-in-belfast-13927242.html) . Belfasttelegraph . Retrieved 22 May 2016 . External links [ edit ] Hazel Webb-Crozier Costume Design (http://www.hazelwebbcrozier.com/) Hazel Webb-Crozier (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0916336/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐zvtbs Cached time: 20240712170148 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.162 seconds Real time usage: 0.228 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 510/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5773/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 755/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8204/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.092/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3476799/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 218.228 1 -total 47.48% 103.624 1 Template:Reflist 38.18% 83.312 1 Template:Cite_web 31.11% 67.880 1 Template:Short_description 17.59% 38.382 2 Template:Pagetype 12.04% 26.273 1 Template:IMDb_name 8.68% 18.938 5 Template:Main_other 8.42% 18.374 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 7.60% 16.578 1 Template:SDcat 5.34% 11.660 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25865960-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712170148 and revision id 1108458260. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazel_Webb-Crozier&oldid=1108458260 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazel_Webb-Crozier&oldid=1108458260) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Businesspeople from Belfast (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Belfast) British costume designers (/wiki/Category:British_costume_designers) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
Overview of fashion in the Italian Republic Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Italy) on the Culture of Italy (/wiki/Culture_of_Italy) History (/wiki/History_of_Italy) Citizenship (/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship) Currency and coinage (/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy) Economy (/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy) Fashion (/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Flags (/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags) Genetic (/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy) Historic states (/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy) Judaism (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy) LGBT (/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy) Military (/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy) Music (/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy) Name (/wiki/Name_of_Italy) Postage (/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy) Railway (/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy) People (/wiki/Italians) Languages (/wiki/Languages_of_Italy) Italian (/wiki/Italian_language) Arbëresh (/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh_language) Algherese (/wiki/Algherese_dialect) Slavomolisano (/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect) Aostan French (/wiki/Aostan_French) Friulian (/wiki/Friulian_language) Gallo-Italic of Sicily (/wiki/Gallo-Italic_of_Sicily) Italian Germanic (/wiki/Germans_in_Italy) Griko (/wiki/Griko_dialect) Ladin (/wiki/Ladin_language) Occitan (/wiki/Occitan_language) Romani (/wiki/Romani_language) Sardinian (/wiki/Sardinian_language) Slovene (/wiki/Slovene_language) Wenzhounese (/wiki/Wenzhounese) Traditions (/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy) Mythology (/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy) and folklore (/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy) Folk dance (/wiki/Italian_folk_dance) Folk music (/wiki/Italian_folk_music) Cuisine (/wiki/Italian_cuisine) Abruzzese (/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo) Apulian (/wiki/Apulian_cuisine) Arbëreshë (/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine) Corsican (/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica) Ligurian (/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria) Lombard (/wiki/Lombard_cuisine) Mantuan (/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua) Lucanian (/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata) Neapolitan (/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine) Piedmontese (/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine) Roman (/wiki/Roman_cuisine) Sardinian (/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia) Sicilian (/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine) Venetian (/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto) Festivals (/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy) Tricolour Day (/wiki/Tricolour_Day) (7 January) National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe (/wiki/National_Memorial_Day_of_the_Exiles_and_Foibe) (10 February) Anniversary of the Unification of Italy (/wiki/Anniversary_of_the_Unification_of_Italy) (17 March) Liberation Day (/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Italy)) (25 April) Republic Day (/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica) (2 June) National Unity and Armed Forces Day (/wiki/National_Unity_and_Armed_Forces_Day) (4 November) Religion (/wiki/Religion_in_Italy) Roman Catholicism (/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy) Eastern Orthodoxy (/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Italy) Oriental Orthodoxy (/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_Italy) Protestantism (/wiki/Protestantism_in_Italy) Islam (/wiki/Islam_in_Italy) Judaism (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy) Baháʼí Faith (/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Italy) Buddhism (/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy) Hinduism (/wiki/Hinduism_in_Italy) Sikhism (/wiki/Sikhism_in_Italy) Irreligiosity (/wiki/Irreligion_in_Italy) Art (/wiki/Italian_art) Architecture (/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy) Sculpture (/wiki/Sculpture_of_Italy) Literature (/wiki/Italian_literature) Comics (/wiki/Italian_comics) Music (/wiki/Music_of_Italy) and performing arts Theatre (/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy) Media (/wiki/Media_of_Italy) Television (/wiki/Television_in_Italy) Cinema (/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy) Books (/wiki/Books_in_Italy) Internet (/wiki/Internet_in_Italy) Magazines (/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_Italy) Newspapers (/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Italy) Radio (/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Italy) Sport (/wiki/Sport_in_Italy) Association football (/wiki/Football_in_Italy) Athletics (/wiki/Athletics_in_Italy) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_in_Italy) Rugby union (/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Italy) Tennis (/wiki/Tennis_in_Italy) Monuments (/wiki/Monuments_of_Italy) World Heritage Sites (/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy) More Symbols (/wiki/Symbols_of_Italy) Flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Italy) Coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Italy) National anthem (/wiki/National_anthem_of_Italy) National day (/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica) National monument (/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument) National personification (/wiki/Italia_turrita) Organisations Italian Cultural Institute (/wiki/Istituto_Italiano_di_Cultura) Dante Alighieri Society (/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society) Libraries (/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy) Museums (/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) v t e Italy (/wiki/Italy) is one of the leading countries in fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) , alongside France (/wiki/French_fashion) and the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . Fashion has always been an important part of the country's cultural life (/wiki/Culture_of_Italy) and society, and Italians are well known for their attention to dress; la bella figura , or good appearance, retains its traditional importance. Italian fashion became prominent during the 11th to 16th centuries, when artistic development in Italy was at its peak. Cities such as Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Palermo (/wiki/Palermo) , Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Florence (/wiki/Florence) and Vicenza (/wiki/Vicenza) started to produce luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_good) , hats (/wiki/Hat) , cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) and rich fabrics (/wiki/Fabric) . From the 17th century to the early 20th, Italian fashion lost its importance and lustre and Europe's main trendsetter became France, with the great popularity of French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) ; this is due to the luxury dresses which were designed for the courtiers of Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV) . [1] (#cite_note-1) However, since the 1951–53 fashion soirées held by Giovanni Battista Giorgini (/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Giorgini) in Florence, [2] (#cite_note-2) the " Italian school " started to compete with the French haute couture , and labels such as Prada (/wiki/Prada) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) began to contend with Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) and Dior (/wiki/Dior) . In 2009, according to the Global Language Monitor (/wiki/Global_Language_Monitor) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy's centre of design (/wiki/Design) , was ranked the top fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) of the world, and Rome (/wiki/Rome) was ranked fourth, [3] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-3) and, although both cities fell in subsequent rankings, in 2011, Florence entered as the 31st world fashion capital. Milan is generally considered to be one of the "big four" global fashion capitals (/wiki/Fashion_capital) , along with New York, Paris, and London; occasionally, the "big five" also includes Rome. [4] (#cite_note-4) Italian fashion is linked to the most generalized concept of " Made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) ", a merchandise brand expressing excellence of creativity and craftsmanship. Italian luxury goods are renowned for the quality of the textiles and the elegance and refinement of their construction. Many French, British and American high-top luxury brands (such as Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_SE) , Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) and the main line of Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) ) also rely on Italian craft factories, located in highly specialized areas in the metropolitan area of Naples (/wiki/Naples) and in the centre-north of Italy ( Tuscany (/wiki/Tuscany) , Marche (/wiki/Marche) , Veneto (/wiki/Veneto) and Piedmont (/wiki/Piedmont) ), to produce parts of their apparel and accessories. The nonprofit association that co-ordinates and promotes the development of Italian fashion is the National Chamber of Italian Fashion (/wiki/National_Chamber_of_Italian_Fashion) (Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana), now led by Carlo Capasa (/wiki/Carlo_Capasa) . It was set up in 1958 in Rome, is now settled in Milan and represents all the highest cultural values of Italian fashion. This association has pursued a policy of organisational support aimed at the knowledge, promotion and development of fashion through high-profile events in Italy and abroad. The talent of young, creative fashion is also promoted in Italy, as in the annual ITS (International Talent Support Awards) young fashion designer competition in Trieste (/wiki/Trieste) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Italian fashion houses, designers and luxury brands [ edit ] Examples of major Italian fashion houses focused on both menswear and womenswear, but also accessories: [6] (#cite_note-6) Agnona Armani (/wiki/Armani) (founded and directed by Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) ) Balestra (/wiki/Renato_Balestra) Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) (designed by Belgian-French Matthieu Blazy (/wiki/Matthieu_Blazy) ) Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli_(company)) (created by Fausto Puglisi) Costume National (/wiki/Costume_National) Brunello Cucinelli (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli) Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) (directed by Glenn Martens) Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) Dsquared2 (/wiki/Dsquared2) (created by Canadian duo Dean and Dan Caten (/wiki/Dean_and_Dan_Caten) ) Etro (/wiki/Etro) (directed by Marco De Vincenzo) Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) (previously directed by Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) for women's clothes and ready to wear and now by Kim Jones (/wiki/Kim_Jones_(designer)) and by Silvia Venturini Fendi for accessories and men's lines) Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_Italia_S.p.A.) (designed by Maximilian Davis (/wiki/Maximilian_Davis) ) Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) Fiorucci (/wiki/Fiorucci) Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) (formerly directed by Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) and by Alessandro Michele (/wiki/Alessandro_Michele) , now by Sabato De Sarno (/wiki/Sabato_de_Sarno) ) Iceberg (/wiki/Iceberg_(fashion_house)) (directed by James Long) Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander_(brand)) (founded by eponymous German designer but headquartered in Italy, designed by Luke and Lucy Meier) John Richmond (/wiki/John_Richmond_(fashion_designer)) Kiton (/wiki/Kiton) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) (created by Camille Miceli) Marni (/wiki/Marni_(fashion_house)) (founded by Consuelo Castiglioni (/wiki/Consuelo_Castiglioni) and now directed by Francesco Risso) Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) (sister label of Prada (/wiki/Prada) founded by Miuccia Prada (/wiki/Miuccia_Prada) in 1992) Moncler (/wiki/Moncler) Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) Prada (/wiki/Prada) ( Raf Simons (/wiki/Raf_Simons) joined Miuccia Prada (/wiki/Miuccia_Prada) as co-creative director) Ermanno Scervino (/wiki/Ermanno_Scervino) Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) (designed by Matteo Tamburini) Trussardi (/wiki/Trussardi) Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) (founded by Valentino Garavani (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) , formerly directed by Pierpaolo Piccioli (/wiki/Pierpaolo_Piccioli) ) Versace (/wiki/Versace) (founded by Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) and now directed by Donatella Versace (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) ) Examples of major fashion brands which are specialized mainly at womenswear (and also accessories for women) are Laura Biagiotti (/wiki/Laura_Biagiotti) , Blumarine (/wiki/Blufin) (founded by Anna Molinari (/wiki/Anna_Molinari) ), Capucci (/wiki/Capucci) , Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) , Gattinoni (/wiki/Gattinoni) , Genny (/wiki/Genny) (designed by Sara Cavazza Facchini), Giamba (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) (created by designer Giambattista Valli), Krizia (/wiki/Krizia) (founded by Mariuccia Mandelli and now art directored by Zhu Chongyun), La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) , Luisa Spagnoli (/wiki/Luisa_Spagnoli) , Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) (created by Ian Griffiths), Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) (founded and directed by Miuccia Prada (/wiki/Miuccia_Prada) ), Philosophy (directed by Lorenzo Serafini (/wiki/Lorenzo_Serafini) ), Mila Schon (/wiki/Mila_Schon) and Twin-set Milano whilst the most important luxury houses which focus only on menswear and accessories for men are Brioni (/wiki/Brioni_(fashion)) , Canali (/wiki/Canali) , Corneliani (/wiki/Corneliani) , Lardini (/wiki/Lardini) , Stefano Ricci (/wiki/Stefano_Ricci) , Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) (directed by Alessandro Sartori (/wiki/Alessandro_Sartori) ) and Pal Zileri (/wiki/Pal_Zileri) . Luxury sportswear and streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) have become general fashion trends, mixing high and low, formal and active style in one look and also in this segment Italy, apart from big luxury brands focused on ready to wear (or couture) developing their own streetstyle lines or items such as Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) and Prada (/wiki/Prada) or top brands with a strong sporty heritage like Bikkembergs (/wiki/Bikkembergs) , has got a few high end companies focused on this style like GCDS (/wiki/GCDS) , OFF White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) founded by American Virgil Abloh (/wiki/Virgil_Abloh) but based in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Stone island (/wiki/Stone_Island) . In sportswear some of the most prominent houses are Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) , Fila (/wiki/Fila_(company)) , and Kappa (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) . A few Italian designers head (or have headed) some important fashion brands outside Italy. Riccardo Tisci (/wiki/Riccardo_Tisci) had been working for French luxury house Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) for twelve years until 2017 and in 2018 was named British Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) 's creative director until 2022, Maria Grazia Chiuri (/wiki/Maria_Grazia_Chiuri) after co-heading at Valentino together with Pier Paolo Piccioli now is the first female creative director ever at Dior (/wiki/Dior) , French fashion brand Rochas (/wiki/Rochas) had been directed by Alessandro Dell'Acqua (/wiki/Alessandro_Dell%27Acqua) for a few years and now by Alessandro Vigilante, Marco Colagrossi heads Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) after a few years under the directorship of Fausto Puglisi, Nicola Formichetti (/wiki/Nicola_Formichetti) was artistic director at Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) , Nino Cerruti (/wiki/Nino_Cerruti) founded his own Paris-based fashion house, Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) 's main ready to wear and high fashion lines are set in Paris and Stefano Pilati (/wiki/Stefano_Pilati) was for almost eight years Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) 's head designer. Among the newest labels or younger designers, the most prominent are Golden Goose Deluxe Brand (/wiki/Golden_Goose_Deluxe_Brand) , Stella Jean (/wiki/Stella_Jean) , Del Core, Calcaterra and The Attico (/wiki/The_Attico) . Other luxury labels which are mainly focused on the production of leather goods such as accessories, especially belts or shoes (but not only), are Anderson's, Aquazzura, Baldinini (/wiki/Baldinini) , Ballin, Bontoni (/wiki/Bontoni) , Casadei, Rene Caovilla (/wiki/Rene_Caovilla) , Bruno Magli (/wiki/Bruno_Magli) , Paciotti (/wiki/Cesare_Paciotti) , Pollini (/wiki/Pollini) , Gianvito Rossi, Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) , Giuseppe Zanotti (/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanotti) , while fashion brands or labels which produce primarily bags, totes, suitcases are Braccialini (/wiki/Braccialini) , Furla (/wiki/Furla) , Mandarina Duck (/wiki/Mandarina_Duck) , Piquadro (/wiki/Piquadro) , Valextra (/wiki/Valextra) . Italy also is home to many fashion magazines, such as Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Other Italian accessory and jewelry brands, such as Luxottica (/wiki/Luxottica) (owner, amongst several luxury eyewear brands, of Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) and Persol (/wiki/Persol) ), Safilo (/wiki/Safilo) , Buccellati (/wiki/Buccellati) , Damiani (/wiki/Damiani) , Vhernier, Pomellato (/wiki/Pomellato) , Dodo, Morellato (/wiki/Morellato_Group) , Officine Panerai (/wiki/Officine_Panerai) and Bvlgari (/wiki/Bulgari) . Clothes by Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , founder of the Armani (/wiki/Armani) company Prada (/wiki/Prada) shop in Milan Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) and Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) Store on the Las Vegas Strip (/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip) Modern history [ edit ] Main article: History of Italian fashion (/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) The Italian Catherine de' Medici, as Queen of France. Her fashions were the main trendsetters of courts at the time. Fashion in Italy started to become the most fashionable in Europe since the 11th century, and powerful cities of the time, such as Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Vicenza (/wiki/Vicenza) and Rome (/wiki/Rome) began to produce robes (/wiki/Robe) , jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , textiles (/wiki/Textile) , shoes (/wiki/Shoe) , fabrics (/wiki/Fabric) , ornaments (/wiki/Decorative_arts) and elaborate dresses (/wiki/Dress) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Italian fashion reached its peak during the Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) . As Italy is widely recognized as the cradle and birthplace of the Renaissance, [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) art, music, education, finance and philosophy flourished, and along with it, Italian fashion designs became very popular especially those worn by the Medicis (/wiki/Medici) in Florence. [11] (#cite_note-11) The fashions of Queen Catherine de' Medici (/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici) of France were considered amongst the most fashionable in Europe. After a decline in the 17th to mid-20th century, Italy returned to being a leading nation in fashion, and Florence was Italy's fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) in the 50s and 60s from the very first high fashion parade at the Sala Bianca of the Pitti Palace (/wiki/Palazzo_Pitti) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) in 1952 with names such as Emilio Schuberth (/wiki/Emilio_Schuberth) , Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) , Vincenzo Ferdinandi (/wiki/Vincenzo_Ferdinandi) , Roberto Capucci (/wiki/Roberto_Capucci) , Sorelle Fontana (/wiki/Sorelle_Fontana) , Germana Marucelli (/wiki/Germana_Marucelli) , Mila Schön (/wiki/Mila_Sch%C3%B6n) , Fausto Sarli (/wiki/Fausto_Sarli) , whilst Milan (/wiki/Milan) led the way in the 70s and 80s, with then-new labels and designers such as Walter Albini (/wiki/Walter_Albini) , Armani (/wiki/Armani) , Enrico Coveri (/wiki/Enrico_Coveri) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Gianfranco Ferré (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferr%C3%A9) , Romeo Gigli (/wiki/Romeo_Gigli) , Krizia (/wiki/Krizia) , Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Luciano Soprani (/wiki/Luciano_Soprani) , Trussardi (/wiki/Trussardi) and Versace (/wiki/Versace) and opening up and setting up their first boutiques and emporia. Until the 1970s, Italian fashion was mainly designed for the rich and famous, more or less like the French " Haute Couture ". Yet, in the 1970s and 80s, Italian fashion started to concentrate on ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) clothes, such as coats (/wiki/Coat_(clothing)) , jackets (/wiki/Jacket) , trousers (/wiki/Trousers) , shirts (/wiki/Shirt) , jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , jumpers (/wiki/Jumper_(dress)) and miniskirts (/wiki/Miniskirt) . Milan (/wiki/Milan) became more affordable and stylish for shoppers, and Florence was deposed of its position as the Italian fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) and replaced by Rome, which grew in importance as a high fashion pole in the country thanks to the creations of Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Roberto Capucci (/wiki/Roberto_Capucci) , Renato Balestra (/wiki/Renato_Balestra) and Gattinoni (/wiki/Fernanda_Gattinoni) . Today, Milan (/wiki/Milan) and Rome (/wiki/Rome) are Italy's fashion capitals, and major international centres for fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) , competing with other cities such as Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , London (/wiki/London) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) and New York (/wiki/New_York_City) . [3] (#cite_note-ReferenceA-3) Also, other cities such as Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Florence, Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Vicenza (/wiki/Vicenza) , Bologna (/wiki/Bologna) , Genoa (/wiki/Genoa) and Turin (/wiki/Turin) are important centres. The country's main shopping districts (/wiki/Shopping_district) are the Via Montenapoleone fashion district (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone_fashion_district) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele (/wiki/Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele) ( Milan (/wiki/Milan) ), Via dei Condotti (/wiki/Via_dei_Condotti) ( Rome (/wiki/Rome) ), and Via de' Tornabuoni (/wiki/Via_de%27_Tornabuoni) (Florence). Cities [ edit ] Italian fashion is dominated by Milan, Rome, and to a lesser extent, Florence, with the former two being included in the top 30 fashion capitals of the world. [14] (#cite_note-14) Nonetheless, there are numerous other cities which play an important role in Italian fashion. Milan [ edit ] Main article: Fashion in Milan (/wiki/Fashion_in_Milan) Via Montenapoleone (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone) during the Christmas period Elegant luxury shops, during the Christmas period, along Via Pietro Verri nearby Via Montenapoleone (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone) In 2014, Milan (/wiki/Milan) was regarded as the world fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) (based upon frequency of mention in global media outlets), even surpassing New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Rome (/wiki/Rome) and London (/wiki/London) . In 2011, Milan was ranked #4, behind London, New York, and Paris. [15] (#cite_note-languagemonitor.com-15) Many of the major Italian fashion brands, such as Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Armani (/wiki/Armani) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Marni (/wiki/Marni) , Iceberg, Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) , Trussardi (/wiki/Trussardi) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Dirk Bikkembergs (/wiki/Dirk_Bikkembergs) , Etro (/wiki/Etro) , and Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) are currently headquartered in the city. International fashion labels also operate shops in Milan, including an Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) flagship store. Milan also hosts a fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) twice a year, just like other international centres such as Paris, London and New York. Milan's main upscale fashion district is the " quadrilatero della moda (/wiki/Quadrilatero_della_moda) " (literally, "fashion quadrilateral"), where the city's most prestigious shopping streets ( Via Montenapoleone (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone) , Via della Spiga (/wiki/Via_della_Spiga) , Via Sant'Andrea (/wiki/Via_Sant%27Andrea) , Via Manzoni (/wiki/Via_Manzoni) and Corso Venezia (/wiki/Corso_Venezia) ) are held. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II (/wiki/Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_II) , the Piazza del Duomo (/wiki/Piazza_del_Duomo,_Milan) , Via Dante (/wiki/Via_Dante) and Corso Buenos Aires (/wiki/Corso_Buenos_Aires) are other important shopping streets and squares. Florence [ edit ] See also: Fashion designers of Florence (/wiki/Fashion_designers_of_Florence) Luxury boutiques along Florence (/wiki/Florence) 's prestigious Via de' Tornabuoni Florence (/wiki/Florence) is regarded by some as the birthplace and earliest centre of the modern (post World War Two) fashion industry in Italy. The Florentine "soirées" of the early 1950s organized by Giovanni Battista Giorgini were events where several now-famous Italian designers participated in group shows and first garnered international attention. [16] (#cite_note-16) Florence has served as the home of the Italian fashion company Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_Italia_S.p.A.) since 1928. Gianfranco Lotti (/wiki/Gianfranco_Lotti) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Ermanno Scervino (/wiki/Ermanno_Scervino) , Stefano Ricci, Patrizia Pepe, Enrico Coveri (/wiki/Enrico_Coveri) and Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) were also founded and most of them are still headquartered in Florence. Other major players in the fashion industry such as Prada (/wiki/Prada) and Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) have large offices and stores in Florence or its outskirts. Florence's main upscale shopping (/wiki/Luxury_goods) street is Via de' Tornabuoni (/wiki/Via_de%27_Tornabuoni) , where major luxury fashion houses and jewelry labels, such as Armani (/wiki/Armani) and Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) , have their elegant boutiques. Via del Parione and Via Roma are other streets that are also well known for their high-end fashion stores. [17] (#cite_note-17) Rome [ edit ] See also: Shopping areas and markets in Rome (/wiki/Shopping_areas_and_markets_in_Rome) The Palazzo di Malta, surrounded by Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) boutiques in Via Condotti (/wiki/Via_Condotti) , Rome (/wiki/Rome) 's main upscale shopping street Rome (/wiki/Rome) is widely recognized as a world fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) . Although not as important as Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Rome is the world's 4th most important centre for fashion in the world, according to the 2009 Global Language Monitor (/wiki/Global_Language_Monitor) after Milan (/wiki/Milan) , New York and Paris, and beating London. [18] (#cite_note-18) Major Italian luxury fashion houses and jewelry chains, such as Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Laura Biagiotti (/wiki/Laura_Biagiotti) , Gattinoni (/wiki/Gattinoni) and Brioni (/wiki/Brioni_(fashion)) , just to name a few, are headquartered in or were founded in the city. Also, other major labels, such as Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Armani (/wiki/Armani) and Versace (/wiki/Versace) have luxury boutiques in Rome, primarily along its prestigious and upscale Via dei Condotti (/wiki/Via_dei_Condotti) . Rome Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Rome_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) is an important global showcase. Other cities [ edit ] Although Milan, Rome and Florence are commonly regarded as the leading cities in Italian fashion, other cities, such as Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Vicenza (/wiki/Vicenza) , Prato (/wiki/Prato) , Turin (/wiki/Turin) , Naples (/wiki/Naples) and Bologna (/wiki/Bologna) , are also important centres for Italian clothing design and industry. Venice, for instance, is the home of Italian fashion house Roberta di Camerino (/wiki/Roberta_di_Camerino) , which was founded in 1945. The brand is famous for its handbags, and is most notably associated with the creation of the it bag (/wiki/It_bag) , a form of handbag which is recognisable due to its status symbol (/wiki/Status_symbol) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Brands such as Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) and United Colors of Benetton (/wiki/United_Colors_of_Benetton) , despite being major Italian brands, are not headquartered in Milan, Rome or Florence, yet, the former has its headquarters in Reggio Emilia (/wiki/Reggio_Emilia) , [20] (#cite_note-20) and the latter in Ponzano Veneto (/wiki/Ponzano_Veneto) . Italian holding OTB (/wiki/OTB_Group) held by Renzo Rosso (/wiki/Renzo_Rosso) , owner of different ready-to-wear brands such as Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) and also fashion houses like Marni (/wiki/Marni) , Dutch label Viktor & Rolf (/wiki/Viktor_%26_Rolf) and Belgian Maison Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Margiela) , is headquartered in the countryside near Vicenza in the region of Veneto (/wiki/Veneto) . Italian companies Cesare Paciotti (/wiki/Cesare_Paciotti) and also Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) , owned by businessman Diego Della Valle (/wiki/Diego_Della_Valle) (which produces luxury shoes, other leather goods and also clothes under the labels of Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) itself, Roger Vivier (/wiki/Roger_Vivier) , Hogan, Fay and haute couture brand Schiaparelli (/wiki/Maison_Schiaparelli) ), Santoni (/wiki/Santoni_(brand)) , Bontoni (/wiki/Bontoni) are headquartered in the region of Marche (/wiki/Marche) , a very important manufacturing district for shoes and leather components in the Adriatic coast. Fashion houses Fabiana Filippi (/w/index.php?title=Fabiana_Filippi&action=edit&redlink=1) and Brunello Cucinelli (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli_(company)) 's home is the region of Umbria (/wiki/Umbria) and luxury brands Kiton (/wiki/Kiton) and Harmont & Blaine (/wiki/Harmont_%26_Blaine) were founded in Naples (/wiki/Naples) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) which is also another prominent area of the country for the manufacturing of apparel and accessories (especially shoes and leather goods in general around the district of Solofra (/wiki/Solofra) ). Fashion shows and fairs [ edit ] Main article: Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Milan Fashion Week The Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) takes place twice a year after the London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) and before the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . It is scheduled as the third of the four most important and global international ready-to-wear fashion weeks of the calendar during the so-called fashion month. Dates are determined by the Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana. Some of the locations where fashion shows are held are Milan's Palazzo Reale (/wiki/Palazzo_Reale) , Palazzo Serbelloni (/wiki/Palazzo_Serbelloni) , Padiglione Visconti, Spazio delle Cavallerizze at Leonardo Da Vinci museum and many others. [24] (#cite_note-24) Another prominent platform for men's collections and new projects in fashion industry is Pitti Immagine (/wiki/Pitti_Immagine) in Florence at the Fortezza da Basso (/wiki/Fortezza_da_Basso) , held twice a year. [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Nicole Kipar's late 17th century Clothing History - Baroque Costumes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091201041219/http://www.kipar.org/baroque-costumes/costumes_male.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.kipar.org/baroque-costumes/costumes_male.html) on 2009-12-01 . Retrieved 2010-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The birth of italian fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111016202714/http://www.gbgiorgini.it/italianfashion.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.gbgiorgini.it/italianfashion.htm) on 2011-10-16 . Retrieved 2011-10-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Global Language Monitor » Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091101191133/http://www.languagemonitor.com/popular-culture/fashion) . Archived from the original (http://www.languagemonitor.com/popular-culture/fashion) on 2009-11-01 . Retrieved 2011-10-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) You searched for fashion capital – The Global Language Monitor (http://www.languagemonitor.com/?s=fashion+capital) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Get to Know the Young Winners of the 2020 International Talent Support Awards - Vogue 28.10.2020. (https://www.vogue.com/article/internationa-talent-support-award-2020-winners) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Italian Fashion: Designers and Brands - Made-In-Italy.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120714012735/http://www.made-in-italy.com/fashion/fashion_houses/index.htm) . www.made-in-italy.com . 5 January 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.made-in-italy.com/fashion/fashion_houses/index.htm) on 14 July 2012 . Retrieved 15 October 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Italian Fashion, Beauty and Style Magazines" (http://www.made-in-italy.com/fashion/publications/index.htm) . Made-In-Italy.com. 7 January 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "ITALIAN FASHION >> Italian Fashion Tips \| ITALIAN FASHION Guide!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110816014239/http://fashion-design-schoo-l.blogspot.com/2009/04/italian-fashion.html) . Archived from the original (http://fashion-design-schoo-l.blogspot.com/2009/04/italian-fashion.html) on 2011-08-16 . Retrieved 2011-10-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "WebMuseum: The Italian Renaissance (1420-1600)" (http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/it-ren/) . www.ibiblio.org . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "HISTORY OF THE RENAISSANCE" (http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac88) . www.historyworld.net . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Italian Renaissance Fashion" (http://www.renaissance-spell.com/Renaissance-Fashion.html) . www.renaissance-spell.com. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Epoca n.95/1952" (http://www.petitesondes.net/Epoca/Estratti/1952-095-estratto.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Fallaci – Mame Fashion Dictionary (https://fashion.mam-e.it/fallaci/) ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120514003715/http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion-capitals/new-york-regains-fashion-capital-crown-from-milan/) . Archived from the original (http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion-capitals/new-york-regains-fashion-capital-crown-from-milan/) on 2012-05-14 . Retrieved 2014-09-26 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-languagemonitor.com_15-0) "The Global Language Monitor » Fashion" (http://www.languagemonitor.com/category/fashion-capitals/) . Languagemonitor.com. 2011-08-20 . Retrieved 2011-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "the birth of italian fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111016202714/http://www.gbgiorgini.it/italianfashion.htm) . Gbgiorgini.it. Archived from the original (http://www.gbgiorgini.it/italianfashion.htm) on 16 October 2011 . Retrieved 5 May 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Travel Guide to Florence" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184516/http://www.cntraveller.com/guides/europe/italy/florence/where-to-shop) . 11 November 2009. Archived from the original (https://www.cntraveller.com/guides/europe/italy/florence/where-to-shop) on 8 September 2017 . Retrieved 26 November 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "The Global Language Monitor » Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091101191133/http://www.languagemonitor.com/popular-culture/fashion) . Languagemonitor.com. 2009-07-20. Archived from the original (http://www.languagemonitor.com/popular-culture/fashion) on 2009-11-01 . Retrieved 2009-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Patner, Josh (2006-02-26). "From Bags to Riches" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/26/style/tmagazine/t_w_p166_talk_patner_.html?_r=1) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-20) http://www.hoovers.com/company/Max_Mara_Fashion_Group_Srl/hksyhi-1.html (http://www.hoovers.com/company/Max_Mara_Fashion_Group_Srl/hksyhi-1.html) [ bare URL ] ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Benetton Group - Corporate Website" (http://www.benettongroup.com/en/whoweare/headquarters.htm) . www.benettongroup.com . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Limited, Mario Corporation. "Italian Fashion Wholesale clothing - apparel supplier in Italy" (http://www.mariocorp.com) . www.mariocorp.com . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Italian brands distribution supply wholesale designer fashion luxury clothes - Italian Fashion buying house" (http://www.italianbrandsdistribution.com) . www.italianbrandsdistribution.com . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Milano Fashion Week: La Settimana della Moda che fa Tendenza!" (https://www.lesacoutlet.it/blog/milano-fashion-week/) (in Italian). 23 August 2018 . Retrieved 8 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) List of Exhibitors (http://www.pittimmagine.com/en/corporate/fairs/uomo/exhibitors.html?a=0&p=&g=) accessed January 13, 2015 Further reading [ edit ] Martin, R. (1997). Gianni Versace (http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/73539/rec/177) . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780870998423 . Dagmar Reichardt (/wiki/Dagmar_Reichardt) , Moda Made in Italy. Il linguaggio della moda e del costume italiano , edited and with a preface by Dagmar Reichardt and Carmela D'Angelo (Ed.), presenting an interview with Dacia Maraini (/wiki/Dacia_Maraini) , Firenze, Franco Cesati Editore, (Civiltà italiana. Terza serie, no. 10), 2016, ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8876675768 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8876675768) ), 230 pp. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion of Italy (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_of_Italy) . Made-In-Italy.com Official Website (https://www.made-in-italy.com/italian-fashion/designers-and-brands/) 25 Best Italian Fashion Brands (https://italybest.com/25-best-italian-fashion-brands/) - Italy Best Official Website v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of 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French fashion designer (1884 - 1959) Marie-Louise Bruyère in 1950 Marie-Louise Bruyère (6 October 1883 – ), mostly known as Madame Bruyère , [1] (#cite_note-butterick-1) was a French fashion designer of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, operating out of Paris (/wiki/Paris) and importing her fashion lines abroad. Biography [ edit ] Bruyère was born in France in 1884, and died after 1959. [2] (#cite_note-2) Fashion career [ edit ] Before Bruyère opened her haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) house in 1928, she learned her trade from Callot Soeurs (/wiki/Callot_Soeurs) and Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) . [3] (#cite_note-kyoto-3) Her establishment was located on the Place Vendôme (/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me) in Paris. [4] (#cite_note-4) An early collection in 1930 established Bruyère as comparable to Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) , Alix (/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s) , Rochas (/wiki/Rochas) and Mainbocher (/wiki/Mainbocher) , [1] (#cite_note-butterick-1) with her coats and tailored suits proving a particular strength. Her suits were particularly noted for their subtle and unusual design elements. [5] (#cite_note-nyt-5) In August 1932 Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) noted that her designs were rather more successful with Americans than with the French, who did not visit Bruyère's shop on the Rue de Mondovi. [6] (#cite_note-fortune-6) Bruyère's designs were imported to the United States, [5] (#cite_note-nyt-5) and in 1932, Fortune noted that a survey of copies of Paris couture gowns in the stores of Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) showed that Bruyère was the third most popular name, behind Vionnet (/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet) and Lanvin. [6] (#cite_note-fortune-6) Bruyère continued to present collections during the German occupation (/wiki/German_occupation_of_France_during_World_War_II) , now taking into account the needs of Frenchwomen who needed practical clothing that could handle the bitter winters and harsh realities of life while occupied. [7] (#cite_note-7) After the war ended, Bruyère was not a supporter of the full-skirted New Look as popularised by Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , instead offering extremely simple, slim-line dresses and suits with plunging necklines in 1951. [8] (#cite_note-toomey-8) In the 1950s, Bruyère began to focus on ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) clothing. [9] (#cite_note-vfg-9) She came to an agreement in 1951 with the Baron-Peters dress firm in the United States to reproduce her designs for the American medium-priced ready-to-wear market, carefully emphasising that the designs were pure replicas of her Paris collection, and not "whipped up for American tastes." [10] (#cite_note-toomey2-10) In 1952 it was noted that most of Bruyère's business came from American clients. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 1958, Bruyère was noted alongside a number of other female Parisian fashion designers, her designs described as flowing and ladylike, and worn by many famous actresses and socialites. [12] (#cite_note-iris-12) She is thought to have ceased business during the 1950s. [3] (#cite_note-kyoto-3) [9] (#cite_note-vfg-9) References [ edit ] ^ a b Butterick dressmaking book . Butterick Company. 1940. p. 90. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Marie Louise Bruyère" (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/27587/) . www.ngv.vic.gov.au . National Gallery of Victoria . Retrieved 28 May 2019 . ^ a b Fukai, Akiko (2002). Fashion : the collection of the Kyoto Costume Institute: a history from the 18th to the 20th century . Köln [etc.]: Taschen. p. 713. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3822812064 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) International Pattern , Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , December 30, 1954, pg. B4. ^ a b Fine Touches Make the Beauty of Newest Models Imported From Paris , New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) , January 1, 1933, pg. X11. ^ a b Staff writer (August 1932). "The Dressmakers of France" (http://www.gbacg.org/costume-resources/original/articles/dressmakers.pdf) (PDF) . Fortune . Time, Inc . Retrieved 19 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Fashion under the occupation , Dominique Veillon, Berg Publishers (/wiki/Berg_Publishers) , 2002, pg. 34. ^ (#cite_ref-toomey_8-0) Toomey, Elizabeth (8 August 1951). "Parisian Styles Come To America With Fall Show" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19510808&id=PPs-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=TU0MAAAAIBAJ&pg=5826,2963504) . The Tuscaloosa News . Retrieved 12 December 2014 . ^ a b Bramlett, Lizzie. "Vintage Fashion Guild: Label Reference: Bruyere" (http://vintagefashionguild.org/label-resource/bruyere/) . Retrieved 2 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-toomey2_10-0) Toomey, Elizabeth (22 August 1951). "Paris Springs Another Label in America" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1999943/el_paso_heraldpost/) . El Paso Herald-Post . United Press . Retrieved 16 March 2015 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bergmann, Shirley (7 August 1952). "What Goes on Behind the Doors of a Leading Fashion House" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1999812/freeport_journalstandard/) . Freeport Journal-Standard . Retrieved 16 March 2015 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-iris_12-0) Hartman, Iris (2 March 1958). "Women Lead in Creation of Fashions" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=953&dat=19580302&id=QPZPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X1UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5752,268536) . St Petersburg Independent . Retrieved 12 December 2014 . 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British fashion designer Jenny Packham Nationality British Education Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) Occupation Fashion designer Label Jenny Packham Relatives Chris Packham (/wiki/Chris_Packham) (brother) Website jennypackham (http://jennypackham.com) .com (http://jennypackham.com) Jenny Packham is a British fashion designer. She mostly makes ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) clothes and wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) . She is the sister of naturalist (/wiki/Naturalist) and television presenter Chris Packham (/wiki/Chris_Packham) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Packham studied at Southampton College of Art (/wiki/Southampton_College_of_Art) , and then at Saint Martin's School of Art (/wiki/Saint_Martin%27s_School_of_Art) in London. [2] (#cite_note-ssu-2) Her designs were first presented in 1988, at the London Designer Show (/w/index.php?title=London_Designer_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) . In 2013 a retrospective selection of her work was shown in the Raphael Gallery of the V&A Museum (/wiki/V%26A_Museum) , in celebration of twenty-five years of her label. [3] (#cite_note-tel-3) Packham has designed at least eight dresses for the Princess of Wales (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) , including the one she wore to the Olympic Gala Concert at the Albert Hall (/wiki/Albert_Hall) in 2012, and the gold gown she wore to the premiere of the James Bond film No Time to Die in 2021. [3] (#cite_note-tel-3) [4] (#cite_note-NYT102115-4) She has also designed clothes for Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) , Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) and Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) , among others. [5] (#cite_note-vogue-5) Packham's designs have been used in the James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) films Die Another Day (/wiki/Die_Another_Day) and Casino Royale (/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)) [6] (#cite_note-6) – and in television; she designed costumes for Kim Cattrall (/wiki/Kim_Cattrall) in Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) , [7] (#cite_note-7) and for various episodes of Gossip Girl (/wiki/Gossip_Girl) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Recognition [ edit ] Packham received an honorary doctorate (/wiki/Honorary_doctorate) from Southampton Solent University (/wiki/Southampton_Solent_University) in 2008. [2] (#cite_note-ssu-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Chris Packham: 'I wanted to know how my parents' lives were shaped' (https://www.theguardian.com/searching-for-my-past/2019/sep/19/chris-packham-i-wanted-to-know-how-my-parents-lives-were-shaped) " (https://www.theguardian.com/searching-for-my-past/2019/sep/19/chris-packham-i-wanted-to-know-how-my-parents-lives-were-shaped) . The Guardian . Retrieved 14 November 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Top designer Jenny Packham..." (https://web.archive.org/web/20120105121636/http://www.solent.ac.uk/news/archive/2008/top%20designer%20jenny%20packham.aspx) Archived from the original (http://www.solent.ac.uk/news/archive/2008/top%20designer%20jenny%20packham.aspx) on 5 January 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b Bibby Sowray (22 July 2013). Jenny Packham on 25 years of dressing the stars (https://web.archive.org/web/20130822174001/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/bibby-sowray/TMG10195403/Jenny-Packham-on-25-years-of-dressing-the-stars.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Archived 22 August 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-NYT102115_4-0) Vanessa Friedman (21 October 2015). "The Duchess of Cambridge and Sartorial Diplomacy" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/21/fashion/the-duchess-of-cambridge-and-sartorial-diplomacy.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 22 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue_5-0) Ella Alexander (9 June 2010). Packham For New York (https://web.archive.org/web/20100612111932/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/100609-jenny-packham-heads-to-new-york-fas.aspx) . Vogue.com (UK). Archived 12 June 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jenny Packham's dresses don't stay on very long (Vogue.co.uk)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120514001035/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/03/30/fashions-new-bond-girl) . Vogue UK . 30 March 2006. Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/03/30/fashions-new-bond-girl) on 14 May 2012. Archived 14 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Life is looking "wonderful" for this glamorous duo (Vogue.co.uk)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120603130253/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/12/20/jenny-packham-hooks-up-with-patricia-field) . Vogue UK . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2006/12/20/jenny-packham-hooks-up-with-patricia-field) on 3 June 2012. Archived 3 June 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Petreycik, Caitlin (11 October 2011). "Jenny Packham's Gossip Girl Moment" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120708035145/http://news.instyle.com/2011/10/11/gossip-girl-jenny-packham/) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Archived from the original (http://news.instyle.com/2011/10/11/gossip-girl-jenny-packham/) on 8 July 2012 . Retrieved 11 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Walano, Rose (18 September 2012). "Blake Lively to Wear Similar Kate Middleton Dress on Gossip Girl Premiere" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121008062551/http://news.instyle.com/2012/09/18/gossip-girl-premiere-blake-lively-jenny-packham-kate-middleton/) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Archived from the original (http://news.instyle.com/2012/09/18/gossip-girl-premiere-blake-lively-jenny-packham-kate-middleton/) on 8 October 2012 . Retrieved 11 October 2012 . 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Dress designed by Jean Philippe Worth Peacock dress of Lady Curzon Lady Curzon depicted in her peacock dress by William Logsdail (/wiki/William_Logsdail) , 1909 Designer Jean-Philippe Worth (/wiki/House_of_Worth) (design and assembly), Workshop of Kishan Chand, India (embroidery) Year 1903 Material Silk taffeta; Indian cotton muslin; lace net, rhinestones, silk On display at Kedleston Hall (/wiki/Kedleston_Hall) The Peacock dress of Lady Curzon is a gown (/wiki/Gown) made of gold and silver thread (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) embroidered by the Workshop of Kishan Chand (India), and designed by Jean-Philippe Worth for Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston (/wiki/Mary_Curzon,_Baroness_Curzon_of_Kedleston) to celebrate the 1902 Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra (/wiki/Coronation_of_King_Edward_VII_and_Queen_Alexandra) at the second Delhi Durbar (/wiki/Delhi_Durbar) in 1903. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) It is today kept in the Kedleston Hall (/wiki/Kedleston_Hall) , Derbyshire, as part of its collection. [2] (#cite_note-2) The dress features a design representing the feathers of a peacock, a symbol of great significance in Indian culture and the Hindu religion, on a fabric traditionally worn by Mughal court rulers. [3] (#cite_note-nationaltrustcollections.org.uk-3) Lady Curzon's dress was a reference to the Peacock Throne that originally stood in the Diwan-I-Khas (/wiki/Diwan-i-Khas_(Red_Fort)) , palace where the ball took place. This dazzling jewelled throne, now lost, was made for Shah Jahan (/wiki/Shah_Jahan) in the early 17th century but was looted during the Persian invasion of Nader Shah in 1739. A replica throne was destroyed in 1857 when the British commandeered the Red Fort as a garrison in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857) . [3] (#cite_note-nationaltrustcollections.org.uk-3) The gown was assembled from panels of chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) that had been embroidered and embellished by skilled craftsmen in the Workshop of Kishan Chand (India), using the zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) (gold wire weaving) method (the technique takes its name from the densely worked metal thread; zar (gold) and dozi (work)). [4] (#cite_note-4) It was then shipped to Paris, where the House of Worth (/wiki/House_of_Worth) styled the dress with a long train edged with white chiffon roses. The worked panels were overlapping peacock feathers that had a blue-green beetlewing (/wiki/Beetlewing) at the center. Over time, the metal thread in the dress has tarnished but the beetle wings have not lost their luster. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The gown weighs over 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb). [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The Viceroy, Lord Curzon (/wiki/Lord_Curzon) , organized the second Delhi Durbar (/wiki/Delhi_Durbar) in 1903 to celebrate the 1902 coronation of King Edward VII (/wiki/King_Edward_VII) , "the grandest pageant in history", which created a tremendous sensation, and served as a symbol of British rule over India. The dress was featured in a Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) article because Lady Curzon was from Chicago. State portraits were ordered from the artist William Logsdail (/wiki/William_Logsdail) , but Lady Curzon's portrait was completed in 1909 after her death in 1906. The peacock dress is preserved, together with the Logsdail portrait, at Kedleston Hall (/wiki/Kedleston_Hall) . [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Lady Curzon was instrumental in promoting the use of Indian embroidery in Western fashion, and many of her friends ordered gowns from Worth using such decorations, though they generally used much less metal threadwork which weighed her dress down. Another of her embroidered court dresses (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) , assembled by the House of Worth in 1903, is on display at the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) . [ citation needed ] Gallery [ edit ] Albert Edward Jeakins, 1903, Lady Curzon wearing the peacock dress. Lord and Lady Curzon arriving at the Delhi Durbar in 1903 See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Chrisman-Campbell, Kimberly (2019). Worn on This Day: the Clothes That Made History . Philadelphia: Running Press. pp. 6–7. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7624-9357-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1089571878 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1089571878) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Thomas, Nicola J. (2007). "Embodying imperial spectacle: dressing Lady Curzon, Vicereine of India 1899-1905" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44251153) . Cultural Geographies . 14 (3): 369–400. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2007CuGeo..14..369T (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007CuGeo..14..369T) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/1474474007078205 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1474474007078205) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1474-4740 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1474-4740) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 44251153 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44251153) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 143628645 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143628645) . ^ a b Official Peacock dress page of the National Trust Collections website (https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/107881) ^ (#cite_ref-4) The Peacock Dress (http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/107881) object record on the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty) website ^ a b Lady Mary Curzon's Peacock Dress (https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/kedleston-hall/features/lady-mary-curzons-peacock-dress) featured on National Trust website for Kedleston Hall Further reading [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lady Curzon's peacock gown (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lady_Curzon%27s_peacock_gown) . Embroidered gowns (https://archive.org/stream/cu31924010093056#page/n537/mode/1up) for Lady Curzon in the official catalogue of the 1903 Delhi Durbar Lady Curzon's peacock gown (http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1903/09/27/page/60/article/lady-curzons-peacock-gown) in the Chicago Tribune, 27 September 1903 Lady Curzon's peacock dress (http://www.trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/index.php/component/k2/item/10514-lady-curzons-peacock-dress) on website of the Textile Research Center, Leiden NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k59qb Cached time: 20240720173518 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.270 seconds Real time usage: 0.374 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 837/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14295/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2127/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16690/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.166/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6417279/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 344.903 1 -total 30.17% 104.065 1 Template:Reflist 23.52% 81.125 1 Template:Cite_book 19.22% 66.275 1 Template:Short_description 11.44% 39.465 1 Template:Cn 11.10% 38.284 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 10.97% 37.847 2 Template:Pagetype 10.56% 36.426 1 Template:Infobox 10.21% 35.217 1 Template:Commons_category 9.70% 33.449 1 Template:Sister_project Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49333561-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720173518 and revision id 1223942117. 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Wrapped and draped pants of Southeast Asia Sompot Chong Kben , early 20th century, Bunka Gakuen Costume Museum Sompot Chong Kben , Centre national de la soie des Artisans d'Angkor Sompot Chong Kben ( Khmer (/wiki/Khmer_language) : សំពត់ចងក្បិន , sâmpót châng kbĕn [sɑmput (/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer) cɑːŋ (/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer) kɓən] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer) ) [1] (#cite_note-1) is a Cambodian (/wiki/Khmer_traditional_clothing) unisex (/wiki/Unisex) , lower body, wraparound cloth. It was adopted in the neighbouring countries of Laos (/wiki/Laos) , and Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) , [2] (#cite_note-chongkben-2) where it is known respectfully as pha hang ( ຜ້າຫາງ [pʰȁː (/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao) hǎːŋ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao) ) and chong kraben ( โจงกระเบน [tɕōːŋ (/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai) krābēːn] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai) ). It was the preferred choice of clothing for women of upper and middle classes for daily wear. Unlike the typical sompot (/wiki/Sompot) , it is more of a pant (/wiki/Trousers) than a skirt (/wiki/Skirt) . The chong kraben is described by art historian Eksuda Singhalampong as "...a garment that resembles loose breeches. The wearer wraps a rectangular piece of cloth around his [or her] waist, the edge of cloth is then passed between the legs and tucked in at the wearer's lower back. Many 19th-century European accounts often called them knee breeches (/wiki/Breeches) , riding breeches or knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) ." [3] (#cite_note-SoN-2019-3) : Note 10 Etymology [ edit ] Sompot Chong Kben ( សំពត់ចងក្បិន ) [4] (#cite_note-4) is a combination of three Khmer (/wiki/Khmer_language) words; សំពត់ /sɑmpʊət/ sampot (/wiki/Sompot) [5] (#cite_note-5) (a long, rectangular cloth worn around the lower body), ចង /cɑɑŋ/ chang [6] (#cite_note-6) (to wrap around), and ក្បិន /kbən/ kben [7] (#cite_note-7) (refers to the lower body cloth wrapped around the waist and then pulled back between the legs and tucked in at the back). In short, this type of cloth is known as kben or chong kben , literally means "to wrap or to wear the kben in Khmer language. Whereas chong kraben ( โจงกระเบน ) is used among Thai people and derived from these Khmer words. History [ edit ] This article's factual accuracy is disputed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Sompot_Chong_Kben#Disputed) . Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery) without imparting real information . Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The history of sompot chong kben dates back to ancient Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia) , where deities were often portrayed wearing such styles. References to most Khmer elders told a legend related to this garment. It said that a long time ago, the Khmer people (/wiki/Khmer_people) worn sompot chong kben, following the Indian (/wiki/India) tradition. In those times, India provided many religions, but the most important one was Hinduism (/wiki/Hinduism) , as the Khmer king at that time built the temples such as Angkor Wat (/wiki/Angkor_Wat) , also dedicated to Hinduism (/wiki/Hinduism) . In the era of the Khmer empire (/wiki/Khmer_empire) , most of the people were likely to read and see the Reamker (/wiki/Reamker) at the Angkor Wat (/wiki/Angkor_Wat) carving on the first floor as well. The origin of sompot chong kben is known as Indian. Also prayed and blessed to was a deva known as Hanuman (/wiki/Hanuman) , the guard of Prince Rama (/wiki/Rama) in India's famous mythology, Ramayana (/wiki/Ramayana) , as well as the Khmer adaptation, Reamker . To show its power, Indians preferred to wear the sompot chong kben as their costume and today, it is still worn for special occasions in the mainland Southeast Asian countries of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. [8] (#cite_note-8) In Ramayana mythology, Hanuman is a symbol of bravery, cleverness, and power, so the people, when wearing the sompot chong kben, always drop a tail at the back like Hanuman's monkey tail. This practice lead a lot of people to believe that all Indians were guards of Hanuman. The influence of sompot chong kben, known as Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) in India (/wiki/India) , were strongly incorporated into Khmer culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Cambodia) from the ancient times to today. Apparently, this fabric is also known to be worn by Tamil people (/wiki/Tamil_people) in south India (/wiki/South_India) , as well as Khmer people (/wiki/Khmer_people) , till today. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) In fact, sompot chong kben is the tradition of southern India (/wiki/Southern_India) , and was imported to early Cambodian (/wiki/Cambodia) Kingdom, Funan (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan) by King Kaundinya I . [11] (#cite_note-11) In the middle of the 13th and 14th centuries, Thai people (/wiki/Thai_people) (from Sukhothai Kingdom (/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom) , known as Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) today) and Lao people (/wiki/Lao_people) (from Lan Xang (/wiki/Lan_Xang) , known as Lao today) had adopted the wearing of sompot chong kben from Khmer. [12] (#cite_note-12) They considered it superior for enjoying the special occasions, and useful for royalty or monarchy in their local royal palace, the Thai people (/wiki/Thai_people) and Lao people (/wiki/Lao_people) had used sompot chong kben in a similar way. [13] (#cite_note-13) [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Images [ edit ] Photograph of Prince Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V) and his two younger brother wearing chong kraben in 1851 Photograph of a 19th century Siamese boatman, photographed by John Thomson (/wiki/John_Thomson_(photographer)) Photograph of Queen Saovabha Phongsri (/wiki/Saovabha_Phongsri) , principal consort to King Chulalongkorn (/wiki/Chulalongkorn) 6th century Khmer depiction of Balarama (/wiki/Balarama) wearing Sompot Chong Kben from Phnom Da temple, Angkor Borei (/wiki/Angkor_Borei_and_Phnom_Da) , Takeo (/wiki/Tak%C3%A9o_Province) , Cambodia. Now exhibits in National Museum of Cambodia (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Cambodia) . Khmer woman wearing Sompot Chong Kben A Khmer traditional dancer in Sompot Chong Kben Khmer royal ladies wearing Sompot Chong Kben and Sbai (/wiki/Sabai) in the mid-1800s. Mannequins wearing Sompot Chong Kben at the Royal Palace of Cambodia (/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Cambodia) See also [ edit ] Khmer Traditional Dress (/wiki/Khmer_Traditional_Dress) Culture of Cambodia (/wiki/Culture_of_Cambodia) Culture of Thailand (/wiki/Culture_of_Thailand) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "SEAlang Dictionary" (http://www.sealang.net/khmer/search.pl?dict=khmer&hasFocus=orth&approx=&orth=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93&phone=&def=&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1) . www.sealang.net . Retrieved 2023-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-chongkben_2-0) "Everything You Need to Know About Traditional Thai Dresses" (https://thailandinsider.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-traditional-thai-dresses/) . Amazing Thailand . Men and women alike wear Chong Kben, a lower-body silk wrap-around garment adopted from Cambodia. ^ (#cite_ref-SoN-2019_3-0) Singhalampong, Eksuda (March 2019). "Picturing Femininity: Portraits of the Early Modern Siamese Women" (https://muse.jhu.edu/article/721045/pdf) . Southeast of Now: Directions in Contemporary and Modern Art in Asia . 3 (1): 49–75. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1353/sen.2019.0003 (https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsen.2019.0003) . Retrieved 18 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "SEAlang Dictionary" (http://www.sealang.net/khmer/search.pl?dict=khmer&hasFocus=orth&approx=&orth=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93&phone=&def=&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1) . www.sealang.net . Retrieved 2023-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "SEAlang Dictionary" (http://www.sealang.net/khmer/search.pl?dict=khmer&hasFocus=orth&approx=&orth=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B&phone=&def=&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1) . www.sealang.net . Retrieved 2023-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "SEAlang Dictionary" (http://www.sealang.net/khmer/search.pl?dict=khmer&hasFocus=orth&approx=&orth=%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84&phone=&def=&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1) . www.sealang.net . Retrieved 2023-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "SEAlang Dictionary" (http://www.sealang.net/khmer/search.pl?dict=khmer&hasFocus=orth&approx=&orth=%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93&phone=&def=&anon=on&matchEntry=any&matchLength=word&matchPosition=any&source=&ety=&pos=&usage=&subject=&useTags=1) . www.sealang.net . Retrieved 2023-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) * Sereysothera (http://sereysotheara.wordpress.com/2009/08/08/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93-%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101103020917/http://sereysotheara.wordpress.com/2009/08/08/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93-%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6/) November 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-9) "តើខ្មែរប្រើប្រាស់សម្លៀកបំពាក់ពីពេលណា?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090818200636/http://www.veticar.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1216&Itemid=1132) . Archived from the original (http://veticar.com/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1216%26Itemid%3D1132) on 2009-08-18 . Retrieved 2009-09-04 . ^ a b Nadeem, Zuha (2019-10-01). "Traditional Thai Clothing-16 Beautiful Outfits From Thailand" (https://www.outfittrends.com/traditional-thai-clothing-16-beautiful-outfits-from-thailand/) . Outfit Trends - Ideas How to Wear & What to Wear . Retrieved 2020-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Sompot Chong Kben" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120226234254/http://www.ilovekhmer.org/blog/2009/08/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8/) . Archived from the original (http://www.ilovekhmer.org/blog/2009/08/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8/) on 2012-02-26 . Retrieved 2009-09-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Highlights, Asia. "Thai Traditional Dress" (https://www.asiahighlights.com/thailand/traditional-dress.htm) . Asia Highlights . Retrieved 2020-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "ខ្មែរស្លៀកសំពត់ចងក្បិនពីពេលណាមក ?" 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American denim fashion designer Scott Morrison Born Palm Springs, California (/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California) Alma mater University of Washington Occupation(s) Designer, entrepreneur Years active 1995 - present Known for Pioneer of premium denim Title Founder of Paper Denim & Cloth, Earnest Sewn, 3x1 Denim, Radmor Golf Board member of Leo's Lighthouse Foundation Spouse Gracileia Souza (married 2009 - present) Children 2 Scott Morrison is an American (/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States) designer (/wiki/Designer) and entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneurship) . He is best known for pioneering premium denim (/wiki/Denim) in America and as the founder of Paper Denim & Cloth, Earnest Sewn and 3x1. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) He also served as the CEO/Creative Director (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) for Japanese (/wiki/Japan) designer clothing (/wiki/Designer_clothing) company Evisu (/wiki/Evisu) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Morrison is currently the co-founder of golf lifestyle (/wiki/Golf) brand Radmor. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Early life and education [ edit ] Morrison was born in Palm Springs, California (/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California) . His parents were both educators. At age 11, Morrison started playing golf, and after graduating from Palm Springs High School (/wiki/Palm_Springs_High_School) he received a scholarship to play Division 1 golf at the University of Washington (/wiki/University_of_Washington) . [8] (#cite_note-8) He attended the University of Washington (Seattle) from 1990-1995, receiving (4) Varsity letters for men's golf. Career [ edit ] After college, in late 1995, Morrison went to work for Seattle based clothing company Derek Andrew. Morrison moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in 1997 to work at a new division of Mudd Jeans (/wiki/Mudd_Jeans) , and in 1999, started Paper Denim & Cloth. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2004 Morrison left Paper Denim & Cloth to start Earnest Sewn. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2009 Morrison left Earnest Sewn and took a job as the CEO/Creative Director for Evisu. In 2011, Morrison started 3x1, America's first bespoke denim tailor in SoHo (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) , NYC (/wiki/New_York_City) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) In 2019, Morrison co-produced and hosted a denim docu-series Common Thread. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2020, Morrison co-founded golf lifestyle brand (/wiki/Lifestyle_brand) Radmor with former University of Washington golf teammate Bob Conrad. [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Scott Morrison" (https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/denim-dreamer/) . SURFACE . 2016-10-25 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ a b "3x1 Founder Scott Morrison Explains His Commitment to a Great Pair of Jeans" (https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/3x1-denim-jeans-founder-scott-morrison/) . SURFACE . 2018-05-31 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Denim Expert Critiques Celebrities' Jeans" (https://www.gq.com/video/watch/denim-expert-critiques-celebrities-jeans) . GQ . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) FR, FashionNetwork com. "Scott Morrison prend la direction d'Evisu" (https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Scott-morrison-prend-la-direction-d-evisu,63821.html) . FashionNetwork.com (in French) . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Why Nike Picked This Tiny Atelier to Make Its Denim Shoe" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-24/why-nike-picked-this-tiny-atelier-to-make-its-denim-shoe) . Bloomberg.com . 2019-05-24 . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Miles, Greg (2023-04-04). "Radmor's Spring Collection Makes A Fashion Impact - Chicago Golf Report" (https://www.chicagogolfreport.com/radmors-spring-collection-makes-a-fashion-impact/,%20https://www.chicagogolfreport.com/radmors-spring-collection-makes-a-fashion-impact/) . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Miceli, Alex (2022-11-17). "This Golf Apparel Brand is Betting Big on Sustainability" (https://www.si.com/golf/news/radmore-betting-big-on-sustainability) . Sports Illustrated Golf: News, Scores, Equipment, Instruction, Travel, Courses . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Perfect Jeans Are All About Flattering Fabrics and the Right Proportions" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/scott-morrison-3x1-denim) . W Magazine . 2015-12-18 . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Red hot and blue: Scott Morrison has the luxury denim market all sewn" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/red-hot-and-blue-scott-morrison-has-the-luxury-denim-market-all-sewn-up-859658.html) . The Independent . 2011-10-23 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Meet the Denim Expert Making Bespoke Men's Jeans for the Stars" (https://observer.com/2015/04/meet-the-denim-expert-making-bespoke-mens-jeans-for-the-stars/) . Observer . 2015-04-24 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Here's How the Denim Industry Is Making Sure Your Blue Jeans Don't Kill the Planet" (https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a28608301/scott-morrison-3x1-denim-blue-jeans-common-thread-documentary/) . Esquire . 2019-08-06 . Retrieved 2023-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Roshitsh, Kaley (2019-07-25). "Common Thread by 3×1 Makes Debut in Brooklyn" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/common-thread-by-3x1-makes-debut-in-brooklyn-1203227582/) . WWD . Retrieved 2021-09-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Group, Sinclair Broadcast (2021-06-18). "Seattle-based Radmor is making fashionable, sustainable golf clothes" (http://seattlerefined.com/fashion-beauty/seattle-based-radmor-is-making-golf-clothes-that-are-fashionable-and-sustainably-minded) . Seattle Refined . Retrieved 2021-09-16 . 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Ghanaian model Akpene Diata Hoggar Born Akpene Diata Hoggar Akatsi, Volta Region of Ghana (/wiki/Volta_Region) Nationality Ghanaian Other names Sun Diata Alma mater Ashesi University Occupations Model Entrepreneur Travel blogger Years active 2016–present Akpene Diata Hoggar is a Ghanaian (/wiki/Ghana) entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneurship) , blogger (/wiki/Blog) , social activist (/wiki/Social_activist) and a model (/wiki/Model_(person)) . In 2018, she won the Miss Universe Ghana (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Ghana) title by representing Volta Region (/wiki/Volta_Region) . Later she represented Ghana in the same contest at the international level in Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) , Thailand. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Early life and education [ edit ] Akpene was born and raised in Akatsi (/wiki/Akatsi) in the Volta Region (/wiki/Volta_Region) of Ghana. [8] (#cite_note-8) She attended Ashesi University (/wiki/Ashesi_University) where she studied Management Information Systems. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Career [ edit ] This section contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akpene_Diata_Hoggar&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( February 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Prior to winning the Miss Universe Ghana contest, she contested in the Model Face of Ghana. [11] (#cite_note-11) She co-founded Creatives Anonymous Gh, a creative career guide for the African youth, with her partner Setor Nyendu. She also founded Sundiata Studios, a lifestyle digital agency. Akpene has established Peer Relief, a youth-oriented initiative that seeks to bring mental health awareness to the forefront of national attention. [12] (#cite_note-12) Akpene is also a travel and lifestyle blogger. [13] (#cite_note-13) Akpene has walked several local and international runway shows as a model including Fashion for Peace Fashion Show at Paris Peace Forum 2018. [14] (#cite_note-14) Akpene believes in empowering the next generation of girls in Africa and her experiences as a woman in Information Technology has led her into her newest project called DSKVRD (Discover Yourself, Discover Your Purpose). The program encourages girls in underprivileged communities to seek self discovery through creativity, storytelling and digital skills. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Check out 8 gorgeous photos of Miss Universe Ghana 2018" (https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/akpene-diata-hoggar-check-out-8-gorgeous-photos-of-miss-universe-ghana-2018/tkwxdm5) . www.pulse.com.gh . 2018-09-17 . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Akpene Hoggar is Miss Universe Ghana '18" (https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/akpene-hoggar-is-miss-universe-ghana-18.html#&ts=undefined) . www.graphic.com.gh . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Davis, Eugene. "Miss Universe Ghana-2018, Akpene Diata Hoggar in Thailand to make nation proud \| Business & Financial Times Online" (https://thebftonline.com/2018/lifestylesports/miss-universe-2018-akpene-diata-hoggar-in-thailand-to-make-nation-proud/) . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lamptey, Edwin (2018-09-17). "Akpene Hoggar stands tall as she emerges winner of Miss Universe Ghana 2018" (https://yen.com.gh/115992-akpene-diatta-hoggar-wins-miss-universe-ghana-2018.html) . Yen.com.gh – Ghana news . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Akpene Hoggar set to dazzle at Miss Universe 2018 final tonight" (https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Akpene-Hoggar-set-to-dazzle-at-Miss-Universe-2018-final-tonight-709305) . www.ghanaweb.com . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Ghana's Diata Hoggar turns heads with costume at Miss Universe 2018 – The Chronicle" (http://thechronicle.com.gh/index.php/2018/12/12/ghanas-diata-hoggar-turns-heads-with-costume-at-miss-universe-2018/) . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Debrah, Ameyaw (2018-12-11). "Ghana's Diata Hoggar turns head with national costume at Miss Universe 2018" (https://ameyawdebrah.com/ghanas-diata-hoggar-turns-head-with-national-costume-at-miss-universe-2018/) . AmeyawDebrah.com . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Miss Universe Ghana Organization" (https://www.missuniverseghanaorg.com/) . Miss Universe Ghana Organization . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Photos: Akpene Diata Hoggar crowned Miss Universe Ghana 2018" (http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/September-17th/photos-akpene-diata-hoggar-crowned-miss-universe-ghana-2018.php) . www.myjoyonline.com . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Acquah, Edward. "Akpene Diata Hoggar wins 2018 Miss Universe Ghana" (https://kasapafmonline.com/2018/09/akpene-diata-hoggar-wins-2018-miss-universe-ghana/) . kasapafmonline.com . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Akpene Diata Hoggar Wins Miss Universe Ghana 2018" (https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/52964/akpene-diata-hoggar-wins-miss-universe-ghana-2018.html) . Modern Ghana . Retrieved 2019-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Rawlings commends Miss Universe-Ghana for developing talents of young women" (https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/rawlings-commends-miss-universe-ghana-for-developing-talents-of-young-women.html) . Graphic Online . 2018-11-28 . Retrieved 2019-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Meet Akpene Diata Hoggar, Miss Universe Ghana 2018 = Photos" (https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201809/363159.php) . www.peacefmonline.com . Retrieved 2019-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Adjei, Michael (2018-11-15). "Miss Universe, others model for peace" (http://dailyheritage.com.gh/?p=21896) . daily Heritage . Retrieved 2019-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Project to train girls in ICT launched" (https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-project-to-train-girls-in-ict-launched.html) . Graphic Online . 2019-06-19 . Retrieved 2019-11-13 . External links [ edit ] Awards and achievements Preceded by Ruth Quarshie (/wiki/Ruth_Quarshie) Miss Universe Ghana (/wiki/Miss_Universe_Ghana) 2019 Succeeded by Chelsea Tayui (/wiki/Chelsea_Tayui) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5c9ff5b4d5‐s5mq4 Cached time: 20240715213128 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.734 seconds Real time usage: 0.977 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2747/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36934/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1534/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 60532/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.411/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6909326/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 942.330 1 -total 32.19% 303.379 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.76% 252.167 1 Template:Reflist 22.90% 215.791 15 Template:Cite_web 21.56% 203.187 1 Template:Short_description 12.95% 122.048 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 12.35% 116.346 19 Template:Main_other 11.49% 108.234 2 Template:Pagetype 9.01% 84.947 1 Template:Flatlist 8.09% 76.240 1 Template:Advert_section Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61972294-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715213128 and revision id 1224663478. 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1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_clothing) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_clothing) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s 1980s 1990s (/wiki/Category:1990s_clothing) 2000s (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) 2010s (/wiki/Category:2010s_clothing) 2020s (/wiki/Category:2020s_clothing) 2030s 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_clothing) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_clothing) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_clothing) 22nd 23rd 24th 25th See also: Category:1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐zh5zn Cached time: 20240719054450 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.105 seconds Real time usage: 0.160 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 94/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3880/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 22/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5843/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.073/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1043469/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 147.278 1 -total 83.17% 122.491 1 Template:Navseasoncats 16.74% 24.652 1 Template:Category_see_also 4.08% 6.014 1 Template:Title_year 2.43% 3.574 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55030972-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719054450 and revision id 941830457. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. 0–9 1980 clothing (/wiki/Category:1980_clothing) ‎ (1 P) 1981 clothing (/wiki/Category:1981_clothing) ‎ (2 P) 1983 clothing (/wiki/Category:1983_clothing) ‎ (2 P) 1985 clothing (/wiki/Category:1985_clothing) ‎ (1 P) 1987 clothing (/wiki/Category:1987_clothing) ‎ (1 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1980s_clothing&oldid=941830457 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1980s_clothing&oldid=941830457) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1980s works (/wiki/Category:1980s_works) Clothing by decade (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_decade) 20th-century clothing (/wiki/Category:20th-century_clothing) Hidden category: Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century)
This list of Vogue Korea cover models is a catalog of cover models (/wiki/Cover_model) who have appeared on the cover of Vogue Korea (/wiki/Vogue_Korea) , the Korean edition of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine, starting with the magazine's first issue in August 1996. 1990s [ edit ] 1996 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer August Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Mark Abrahams (/wiki/Mark_Abrahams_(photographer)) September Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) Regan Cameron (/wiki/Regan_Cameron) October Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Marc Hispard November Beverly Peele (/wiki/Beverly_Peele) Daniela Federici December Isabella Rossellini (/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini) 1997 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) February Winona Ryder (/wiki/Winona_Ryder) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) March Chandra North (/wiki/Chandra_North) & Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Mark Abrahams (/wiki/Mark_Abrahams_(photographer)) April Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) May Elsa Benítez (/wiki/Elsa_Ben%C3%ADtez) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) June Kylie Bax (/wiki/Kylie_Bax) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Georgina Grenville (/wiki/Georgina_Grenville) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) August Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) September Stella Tennant (/wiki/Stella_Tennant) Mark Abrahams (/wiki/Mark_Abrahams_(photographer)) October Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Mark Abrahams (/wiki/Mark_Abrahams_(photographer)) November Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) & Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) December Stella Tennant (/wiki/Stella_Tennant) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) 1998 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) & Georgina Grenville (/wiki/Georgina_Grenville) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) February Spice Girls (/wiki/Spice_Girls) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) March Cameron Diaz (/wiki/Cameron_Diaz) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) April Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) & Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) May Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) June Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Nick Knight (/wiki/Nick_Knight_(photographer)) August Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) September Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) October Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Bridget Hall (/wiki/Bridget_Hall) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) November Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) December Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) 1999 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) February Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) March Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Raymond Meier (/wiki/Raymond_Meier_(photographer)) April Ling Tan (/wiki/Ling_Tan) Tyen May Maggie Rizer (/wiki/Maggie_Rizer) & Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) June Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Tom Munro (/wiki/Tom_Munro) August Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) September Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) October Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) November Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Jean-Baptiste Mondino (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Mondino) December Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Lauren Hutton (/wiki/Lauren_Hutton) Iman (/wiki/Iman_(model)) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Lisa Taylor (/wiki/Lisa_Taylor_(model)) Paulina Porizkova (/wiki/Paulina_Porizkova) Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Patti Hansen (/wiki/Patti_Hansen) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) 2000s [ edit ] 2000 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Winona Ryder (/wiki/Winona_Ryder) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) February Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) & Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) March Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) April Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) May Audrey Marnay (/wiki/Audrey_Marnay) June Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) & George Clooney (/wiki/George_Clooney) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) August Anne-Catherine Lacroix (/wiki/Anne-Catherine_Lacroix) Hannelore Knuts (/wiki/Hannelore_Knuts) Roos van Bosstraeten (/w/index.php?title=Roos_van_Bosstraeten&action=edit&redlink=1) September Trish Goff (/wiki/Trish_Goff) October Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) November Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) December Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) Angela Lindvall (/wiki/Angela_Lindvall) Maggie Rizer (/wiki/Maggie_Rizer) Frankie Rayder (/wiki/Frankie_Rayder) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) 2001 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) February Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) March Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) April Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Jong Yong Sun May Renée Zellweger (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) June Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) July Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) August Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) September Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) October Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) November Nadja Auermann (/wiki/Nadja_Auermann) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) December Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) 2002 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) February Stella Tennant (/wiki/Stella_Tennant) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) March Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) April Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) May Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) June Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) & Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Natalie Portman (/wiki/Natalie_Portman) Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) August Trish Goff (/wiki/Trish_Goff) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) September Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) October Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) November Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) December Catherine Zeta-Jones (/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones) & Renée Zellweger (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) 2003 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Carmen Kass (/wiki/Carmen_Kass) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) February Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) March Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) April Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) May Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) June Cameron Diaz (/wiki/Cameron_Diaz) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) July Reese Witherspoon (/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon) Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) August Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) September Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) October Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) November Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) December Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) 2004 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) February Renée Zellweger (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger) Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) March Natalie Portman (/wiki/Natalie_Portman) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) April Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) May Daria Werbowy (/wiki/Daria_Werbowy) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) June Lily Cole (/wiki/Lily_Cole) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Liya Kebede (/wiki/Liya_Kebede) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) August Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) September Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) & Liya Kebede (/wiki/Liya_Kebede) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) October Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) November Daria Werbowy (/wiki/Daria_Werbowy) Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) December Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) 2005 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) February Gemma Ward (/wiki/Gemma_Ward) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) March Daria Werbowy (/wiki/Daria_Werbowy) Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) April Gemma Ward (/wiki/Gemma_Ward) & Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) May Gemma Ward (/wiki/Gemma_Ward) Javier Vallhonrat June Daria Werbowy (/wiki/Daria_Werbowy) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) July Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Daria Werbowy (/wiki/Daria_Werbowy) Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) David Sims (/wiki/David_Sims_(photographer)) August Heather Marks (/wiki/Heather_Marks) & Lisa Cant (/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Cant&action=edit&redlink=1) Jono Lee September Riley Keough (/wiki/Riley_Keough) October Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) November Devon Aoki (/wiki/Devon_Aoki) David Byun December Lisa Cant (/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Cant&action=edit&redlink=1) Hye-rim Park (/wiki/Hye-rim_Park) Polina Kouklina Hyung Won Ryoo 2006 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) David Byun February Sienna Miller (/wiki/Sienna_Miller) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) March Vlada Roslyakova (/wiki/Vlada_Roslyakova) Tesh April Hye-rim Park (/wiki/Hye-rim_Park) Oh Joong-seok May Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) Tesh June Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) July Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) August Song Kyung-a (/w/index.php?title=Song_Kyung-a&action=edit&redlink=1) Jang Yoon-ju (/wiki/Jang_Yoon-ju) Kim Won Kyung (/w/index.php?title=Kim_Won_Kyung&action=edit&redlink=1) Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) Park Hee Hyun (/w/index.php?title=Park_Hee_Hyun&action=edit&redlink=1) Hee Hyun Park September Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Tesh October Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) & Solange Wilvert (/wiki/Solange_Wilvert) Hyung Won Ryoo November Hilary Rhoda (/wiki/Hilary_Rhoda) Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) Gemma Ward (/wiki/Gemma_Ward) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) December Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) David Byun 2007 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) February Milla Jovovich (/wiki/Milla_Jovovich) Tesh March Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) Hyung Won Ryoo April Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) Alex Cayley May Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) Alex Cayley June Song Hye-kyo (/wiki/Song_Hye-kyo) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) July Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) Arthur Elgort (/wiki/Arthur_Elgort) August Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) & Daul Kim (/wiki/Daul_Kim) Hyung Won Ryoo September Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) Tony Kim October Hye-rim Park (/wiki/Hye-rim_Park) Oh Joong-seok November Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) December Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) David Byun 2008 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Hilary Rhoda (/wiki/Hilary_Rhoda) Alex Cayley February Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) March Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) Andreas Sjödin April Hye-rim Park (/wiki/Hye-rim_Park) & Hyoni Kang (/wiki/Kang_Seung-hyun) Hyung Won Ryoo May Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) Song Kyung-a (/w/index.php?title=Song_Kyung-a&action=edit&redlink=1) Daul Kim (/wiki/Daul_Kim) Lee Hyun-yi (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Hyun-yi&action=edit&redlink=1) Kim Won Kyung (/w/index.php?title=Kim_Won_Kyung&action=edit&redlink=1) Lee Ji-yeon (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Ji-yeon&action=edit&redlink=1) Lee Gun-ho June Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) Tesh July Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) August Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) Tony Kim September Chanel Iman (/wiki/Chanel_Iman) Oh Joong-seok October Carla Bruni (/wiki/Carla_Bruni) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) November Iekeliene Stange (/wiki/Iekeliene_Stange) Oh Joong-seok December Zhang Ziyi (/wiki/Zhang_Ziyi) Oh Joong-seok 2009 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Agyness Deyn (/wiki/Agyness_Deyn) David Byun February Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) March Freja Beha Erichsen (/wiki/Freja_Beha_Erichsen) Jason Kibbler April Sophie Marceau (/wiki/Sophie_Marceau) Hong Jang Hyun May Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Jason Kibbler June Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) & Lee Hyun-yi (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Hyun-yi&action=edit&redlink=1) Hyea W. Kang July Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Arthur Elgort (/wiki/Arthur_Elgort) August Claudia Schiffer (/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer) Eva Herzigová (/wiki/Eva_Herzigov%C3%A1) Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) John-Paul Pietrus September Zhang Ziyi (/wiki/Zhang_Ziyi) Cho Sun-hee October Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) Tony Kim November Lee Byung-hun (/wiki/Lee_Byung-hun) & Josh Hartnett (/wiki/Josh_Hartnett) Cho Sun-hee Josh Hartnett (/wiki/Josh_Hartnett) & Hye-rim Park (/wiki/Hye-rim_Park) Arthur Elgort (/wiki/Arthur_Elgort) December Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Rafael Stahelin 2010s [ edit ] 2010 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) February Kasia Struss (/wiki/Kasia_Struss) David Sims (/wiki/David_Sims_(photographer)) March Kim Tae-hee (/wiki/Kim_Tae-hee) Oh Joong-seok April Abbey Lee Kershaw (/wiki/Abbey_Lee_Kershaw) Rafael Stahelin May Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Nino Muñoz (/wiki/Nino_Mu%C3%B1oz) June Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) July Natasha Poly (/wiki/Natasha_Poly) Mario Sorrenti (/wiki/Mario_Sorrenti) August Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) September Freja Beha Erichsen (/wiki/Freja_Beha_Erichsen) Rafael Stahelin October Magdalena Frackowiak (/wiki/Magdalena_Frackowiak) Giampaolo Sgura (/wiki/Giampaolo_Sgura) November Constance Jablonski (/wiki/Constance_Jablonski) Rafael Stahelin December Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) 2011 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) & Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) February Hanne Gaby Odiele (/wiki/Hanne_Gaby_Odiele) Tesh March Tang Wei (/wiki/Tang_Wei) & Hyun Bin (/wiki/Hyun_Bin) Cho Sun-ee April Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Nino Muñoz (/wiki/Nino_Mu%C3%B1oz) May Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) Lee Hyun-yi (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Hyun-yi&action=edit&redlink=1) Hye Jung Lee (/w/index.php?title=Hye_Jung_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) June Alexa Chung (/wiki/Alexa_Chung) Alan Gelati July Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) Mert and Marcus (/wiki/Mert_and_Marcus) August Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) Hong Jang-hyun Kim Bo-sung Kim Sang-gon Jang Yoon-ju (/wiki/Jang_Yoon-ju) Kim Young-jun & Park Ji-hyuk Kim Won Kyung (/w/index.php?title=Kim_Won_Kyung&action=edit&redlink=1) Oh Joong-seok & Hyung Won Ryoo Hye Jung Lee (/w/index.php?title=Hye_Jung_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1) Hyea W. Kang Tae Woo Cho Sun-hee Lee Hyun-yi (/w/index.php?title=Lee_Hyun-yi&action=edit&redlink=1) Han Jong-chul Jono Lee Lee Gun-ho Song Kyung-a (/w/index.php?title=Song_Kyung-a&action=edit&redlink=1) Bo Lee & Choi Yong-bin September Arizona Muse (/wiki/Arizona_Muse) Victor Demarchelier October Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) Rafael Stahelin November Mariacarla Boscono (/wiki/Mariacarla_Boscono) Rafael Stahelin December Song Hye-kyo (/wiki/Song_Hye-kyo) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) 2012 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Arizona Muse (/wiki/Arizona_Muse) Inez & Vinoodh (/wiki/Inez_and_Vinoodh) February Kasia Struss (/wiki/Kasia_Struss) Rafael Stahelin March Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Rafael Stahelin April Daphne Groeneveld (/wiki/Daphne_Groeneveld) Rafael Stahelin May Saskia de Brauw (/wiki/Saskia_de_Brauw) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) June Han Hye-jin (/wiki/Han_Hye-jin_(model)) Hyea W. Kang July Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Inez and Vinoodh (/wiki/Inez_and_Vinoodh) August Lara Stone (/wiki/Lara_Stone) Hong Jang-hyun September Arizona Muse (/wiki/Arizona_Muse) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) October Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Rafael Stahelin November Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Cass Bird (/wiki/Cass_Bird) December Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) Sofia Sanchez and Mauro Mongiello 2013 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Ji Hye Park (/w/index.php?title=Ji_Hye_Park&action=edit&redlink=1) & Sunghee Kim (/w/index.php?title=Sunghee_Kim&action=edit&redlink=1) Lee Gun-ho February Małgosia Bela (/wiki/Ma%C5%82gosia_Bela) Rafael Stahelin March Daria Strokous (/wiki/Daria_Strokous) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) Kati Nescher (/wiki/Kati_Nescher) Saskia de Brauw (/wiki/Saskia_de_Brauw) Danielle and Iango (/w/index.php?title=Danielle_and_Iango&action=edit&redlink=1) April Lindsey Wixson (/wiki/Lindsey_Wixson) Rafael Stahelin May Léa Seydoux (/wiki/L%C3%A9a_Seydoux) Tae Woo June Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) Hyea W. Kang July Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) Eric Guillemain August G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) & Ji Hye Park (/w/index.php?title=Ji_Hye_Park&action=edit&redlink=1) Kim Young-jun G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) & Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) Hong Jang-hyun G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) & Sunghee Kim (/w/index.php?title=Sunghee_Kim&action=edit&redlink=1) Kim Bo-sung September Jun Ji-hyun (/wiki/Jun_Ji-hyun) Hong Jang-hyun October Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) Cass Bird (/wiki/Cass_Bird) November Aymeline Valade (/wiki/Aymeline_Valade) Rafael Stahelin December Arizona Muse (/wiki/Arizona_Muse) Will Davidson 2014 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) February Kasia Struss (/wiki/Kasia_Struss) Rafael Stahelin March Suki Waterhouse (/wiki/Suki_Waterhouse) Rafael Stahelin April Suvi Koponen (/wiki/Suvi_Koponen) Benny Horne May Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Sebastian Kim June Yuna Kim (/wiki/Yuna_Kim) Lee Gun-ho July Lindsey Wixson (/wiki/Lindsey_Wixson) Nagi Sakai Yeo Hye Won (/w/index.php?title=Yeo_Hye_Won&action=edit&redlink=1) Taeyang (/wiki/Taeyang) HoYeon Jung (/wiki/HoYeon_Jung) Seon Hwang (/w/index.php?title=Seon_Hwang&action=edit&redlink=1) Choi Ara (/w/index.php?title=Choi_Ara&action=edit&redlink=1) Hong Jang-hyun August Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) Sebastian Kim September Song Hye-kyo (/wiki/Song_Hye-kyo) & Kang Dong-won (/wiki/Kang_Dong-won) Hong Jang-hyun October Sam Rollinson (/wiki/Sam_Rollinson) Rafael Stahelin November Caroline Trentini (/wiki/Caroline_Trentini) Steven Pan December Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Jason Kibbler 2015 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Hanne Gaby Odiele (/wiki/Hanne_Gaby_Odiele) & G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) Young Kyu Yoo February Andreea Diaconu (/wiki/Andreea_Diaconu) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) March Saskia de Brauw (/wiki/Saskia_de_Brauw) Cass Bird (/wiki/Cass_Bird) April Abbey Lee Kershaw (/wiki/Abbey_Lee_Kershaw) Rafael Stahelin May Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Sebastian Kim June Aymeline Valade (/wiki/Aymeline_Valade) Cass Bird (/wiki/Cass_Bird) July Big Bang (/wiki/Big_Bang_(South_Korean_band)) Han Kyung Hyun (/w/index.php?title=Han_Kyung_Hyun&action=edit&redlink=1) HoYeon Jung (/wiki/HoYeon_Jung) Lee Ho-jung (/wiki/Lee_Ho-jung_(actress)) Hong Jang-hyun Toni Garrn (/wiki/Toni_Garrn) Hyea W. Kang August Tilda Swinton (/wiki/Tilda_Swinton) Hong Jang-hyun September Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Scott Trindle October Yoo Ah-in (/wiki/Yoo_Ah-in) Cho Sun-hee November Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) Sebastian Kim December Lindsey Wixson (/wiki/Lindsey_Wixson) Jun Seob Yoon 2016 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Daphne Groeneveld (/wiki/Daphne_Groeneveld) Jun Seob Yoon February Lexi Boling (/wiki/Lexi_Boling) Cass Bird (/wiki/Cass_Bird) March Lara Stone (/wiki/Lara_Stone) Emma Tempest April Ruth Bell (/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Bell&action=edit&redlink=1) Hyea W. Kang May Carolyn Murphy (/wiki/Carolyn_Murphy) Hyea W. Kang June Ha Jung-woo (/wiki/Ha_Jung-woo) & Kim Min-hee (/wiki/Kim_Min-hee_(actress,_born_1982)) Hyung Won Ryoo July Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) Hyea W. Kang August Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) & G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) Ji Hye Park (/w/index.php?title=Ji_Hye_Park&action=edit&redlink=1) & Hyun Ji Shin (/wiki/Hyun_Ji_Shin) Hye Seung Lee (/w/index.php?title=Hye_Seung_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1) Ji Hye Park (/w/index.php?title=Ji_Hye_Park&action=edit&redlink=1) Sora Choi (/wiki/Sora_Choi) G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) Ji Hye Park (/w/index.php?title=Ji_Hye_Park&action=edit&redlink=1) Sung Hee Kim (/w/index.php?title=Sung_Hee_Kim&action=edit&redlink=1) Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) Hyun Ji Shin (/wiki/Hyun_Ji_Shin) Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) September Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) & Bae Doona (/wiki/Bae_Doona) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) October Grace Hartzel (/wiki/Grace_Hartzel) Hyea W. Kang November Yoon Young Bae (/wiki/Yoon_Young_Bae) Hyun Ji Shin (/wiki/Hyun_Ji_Shin) Sora Choi (/wiki/Sora_Choi) Kim Bo-sung December Lady Jean Campbell (/wiki/Lady_Jean_Campbell) Hyea W. Kang Yoo Ah-in (/wiki/Yoo_Ah-in) Lee Shin-goo 2017 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Milla Jovovich (/wiki/Milla_Jovovich) Mario Sorrenti (/wiki/Mario_Sorrenti) February Sasha Pivovarova (/wiki/Sasha_Pivovarova) Peter Ash Lee March Natalie Westling (/wiki/Natalie_Westling) Hyea W. Kang April EXO (/wiki/Exo_(group)) Young Kyu Yoo May Freja Beha Erichsen (/wiki/Freja_Beha_Erichsen) Hyea W. Kang June Léa Seydoux (/wiki/L%C3%A9a_Seydoux) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) July Tilda Swinton (/wiki/Tilda_Swinton) Sølve Sundsbø (/wiki/S%C3%B8lve_Sundsb%C3%B8) August Liya Kebede (/wiki/Liya_Kebede) Hyea W. Kang September Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) Henrique Gendre October Vittoria Ceretti (/wiki/Vittoria_Ceretti) Hyea W. Kang November Song Hye-kyo (/wiki/Song_Hye-kyo) Hyea W. Kang December Yasmin Wijnaldum (/wiki/Yasmin_Wijnaldum) Steven Pan 2018 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) Ahn Joo-young February Jonas Glöer (/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Gl%C3%B6er&action=edit&redlink=1) & Kiki Willems (/wiki/Kiki_Willems) Peter Ash Lee March Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) Hyea W. Kang April Stella Tennant (/wiki/Stella_Tennant) Hyea W. Kang May Sara Grace Wallerstedt (/wiki/Sara_Grace_Wallerstedt) Adut Akech (/wiki/Adut_Akech) HoYeon Jung (/wiki/HoYeon_Jung) Peter Ash Lee June Grace Elizabeth (/wiki/Grace_Elizabeth) Hyea W. Kang July Luna Bijl (/wiki/Luna_Bijl) Hyea W. Kang August Sehun (/wiki/Oh_Se-hun_(entertainer)) Sara Grace Wallerstedt (/wiki/Sara_Grace_Wallerstedt) Hong Jang-hyun September Lily-Rose Depp (/wiki/Lily-Rose_Depp) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) October Mica Argañaraz (/wiki/Mica_Arga%C3%B1araz) Hyea W. Kang November HoYeon Jung (/wiki/HoYeon_Jung) Hyun Ji Shin (/wiki/Hyun_Ji_Shin) So Hyun Jung (/w/index.php?title=So_Hyun_Jung&action=edit&redlink=1) Sora Choi (/wiki/Sora_Choi) Yoon Young Bae (/wiki/Yoon_Young_Bae) Tae Kyun Kim December Yoo Ah-in (/wiki/Yoo_Ah-in) & Vincent Cassel (/wiki/Vincent_Cassel) Victor Santiago 2019 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Coco Capitán (/w/index.php?title=Coco_Capit%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1) & Frances Wilks (/w/index.php?title=Frances_Wilks&action=edit&redlink=1) Coco Capitán February Mariacarla Boscono (/wiki/Mariacarla_Boscono) Hyea W. Kang March Anok Yai (/wiki/Anok_Yai) Hyea W. Kang April Mariam de Vinzelle (/w/index.php?title=Mariam_de_Vinzelle&action=edit&redlink=1) Alyssa Sardine (/w/index.php?title=Alyssa_Sardine&action=edit&redlink=1) Clementine Balcaen (/w/index.php?title=Clementine_Balcaen&action=edit&redlink=1) Krow Kian (/w/index.php?title=Krow_Kian&action=edit&redlink=1) Hyea W. Kang May Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) Ahn Joo-young June Heejung Park (/w/index.php?title=Heejung_Park&action=edit&redlink=1) & Bomi Youn (/w/index.php?title=Bomi_Youn&action=edit&redlink=1) Hong Jang-hyun July Kristen Stewart (/wiki/Kristen_Stewart) Hyea W. Kang August Sora Choi (/wiki/Sora_Choi) Hyea W. Kang September Kang Daniel (/wiki/Kang_Daniel) Melany Rivero Bonitto (/w/index.php?title=Melany_Rivero_Bonitto&action=edit&redlink=1) Sarah Wilson (/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Wilson_(model)&action=edit&redlink=1) Hong Jang-hyun October Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) Hyea W. Kang November Vittoria Ceretti (/wiki/Vittoria_Ceretti) Hyea W. Kang December Saskia de Brauw (/wiki/Saskia_de_Brauw) Peter Ash Lee 2020s [ edit ] 2020 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Saoirse Ronan (/wiki/Saoirse_Ronan) Hyea W. Kang February Riccardo Tisci (/wiki/Riccardo_Tisci) & Rianne Van Rompaey (/wiki/Rianne_Van_Rompaey) Luigi and Iango March Blackpink (/wiki/Blackpink) Petra Collins (/wiki/Petra_Collins) April Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) Luigi and Iango May Jennie (/wiki/Jennie_(singer)) Hong Jang-hyun June Bae Suzy (/wiki/Bae_Suzy) Hyun Ji Shin (/wiki/Hyun_Ji_Shin) Hyea W. Kang July Kim Tae-ri (/wiki/Kim_Tae-ri) Hong Jang-hyun August Park Bo-gum (/wiki/Park_Bo-gum) Hong Jang-hyun September G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) October Binx Walton (/wiki/Binx_Walton) Luigi and Iango November G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) Hong Jang-hyun December Liya Kebede (/wiki/Liya_Kebede) Chris Colls 2021 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Soo Joo Park (/wiki/Soo_Joo_Park) Sebastian Kim February Sora Choi (/wiki/Sora_Choi) Hyea W. Kang March Hyun Ji Shin (/wiki/Hyun_Ji_Shin) Hyea W. Kang April Raquel Zimmermann (/wiki/Raquel_Zimmermann) Chris Colls May Edie Campbell (/wiki/Edie_Campbell) Felix Cooper June Blackpink (/wiki/Blackpink) Kim Hee June July HoYeon Jung (/wiki/HoYeon_Jung) Hyea W. Kang August Rianne Van Rompaey (/wiki/Rianne_Van_Rompaey) Sora Choi (/wiki/Sora_Choi) Mona Tougaard (/wiki/Mona_Tougaard) Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) September Song Hye-kyo (/wiki/Song_Hye-kyo) Jongha Park October Chloe Oh Kim Yeong-jun November HoYeon Jung (/wiki/HoYeon_Jung) Hyea W. Kang December Meadow Walker (/wiki/Meadow_Walker) Quinn Mora Yoonmi Sun Georgia Palmer Cho Gi-seok 2022 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January BTS (/wiki/BTS) Hyea W. Kang February Rebecca Longendyke Luigi & Iango March Chloe Magno J Moon Jan Baiboon Jay Pak Kayako Higuchi Mao Xiaoxing Felix Cooper April Jisoo (/wiki/Jisoo) Dukhwa Jang Iris Law (/wiki/Iris_Law) Hyea W. Kang May Lady Jean Campbell (/wiki/Lady_Jean_Campbell) Hyea W. Kang June Veronika Kunz Hyea W. Kang July G-Dragon (/wiki/G-Dragon) Kim Hee June August Hoyeon Jung (/wiki/Hoyeon_Jung) Cho Gi-seok September América González (/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Gonz%C3%A1lez) Hyea W. Kang October V (Kim Tae-hyung) (/wiki/V_(Singer)) Ahn Jooyoung November IU (/wiki/IU_(singer)) Daehan Chae December Anja Rubik (/wiki/Anja_Rubik) Peter Ash Lee 2023 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Ive (/wiki/Ive_(group)) Kim Hee June Cho Gue-sung (/wiki/Cho_Gue-sung) Dukhwa Jang Lulu Sua Yeri Kim Hee June February Jennie (/wiki/Jennie_(singer)) Kim Hee June March Steinberg Felix Cooper April Jimin (/wiki/Jimin) Hyea W. Kang May Lila Moss (/wiki/Lila_Moss) Luigi & Iango June RM (Kim Nam-joon) (/wiki/RM_(rapper)) Dukhwa Jang July Mika Schneider (/wiki/Mika_Schneider) Lulu Tenney (/wiki/Lulu_Tenney) Selena Forrest (/wiki/Selena_Forrest) Chloe Oh Hyea W. Kang August Jun Ji-hyun (/wiki/Jun_Ji-hyun) Ahn Joo-young September Mariacarla Boscono (/wiki/Mariacarla_Boscono) Luigi & Iango Lee Kang-in (/wiki/Lee_Kang-in) Dukhwa Jang October Jungkook (/wiki/Jungkook) Jongha Park Exclusive covers for Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) Lulu Wood, Baye Seye Peter Ash Lee Yura Poslaster, Ellis Ahn Sascha Alexandra Lilja, Edoardo Duse Anyier Anei, Kim Hoyong Sihana Shalaj, Rubuen Bilan-Carroll November Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Giseok Cho December América González (/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Gonz%C3%A1lez) Hyea W. Kang, Giseok Cho 2024 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Lulu Tenney (/wiki/Lulu_Tenney) Davit Giorgadze February Georgia Palmer Hyea W. Kang March Taeyeon (/wiki/Taeyeon) Park Jongha Sora Choi (/wiki/Sora_Choi) Hyun Ji Shin (/wiki/Hyun_Ji_Shin) Ahn Jooyoung Pak Se-ri (/wiki/Pak_Se-ri) Chloe Oh Peter Ash Lee Greta Lee (/wiki/Greta_Lee) Go Hyun-jung (/wiki/Go_Hyun-jung) Hong Jang Hyun CL (/wiki/CL_(rapper)) Jang Won-young (/wiki/Jang_Won-young) Kim Hee June Yuna Kim (/wiki/Yuna_Kim) Kim Min-ha (/wiki/Kim_Min-ha) Jeon So-mi (/wiki/Jeon_So-mi) Kim Da-mi (/wiki/Kim_Da-mi) Yoon Jiyong Ahn Yu-jin (/wiki/Ahn_Yu-jin) Park Gyu-young (/wiki/Park_Gyu-young) Jang Dukhwa Krystal Jung (/wiki/Krystal_Jung) Lee Ha-nee (/wiki/Lee_Ha-nee) Kim Yeongjun Hong Jin-kyung (/wiki/Hong_Jin-kyung) Bae Doona (/wiki/Bae_Doona) Mok Jungwook Koo Jeong A (/wiki/Koo_Jeong_A) Kirsty Sim Yeo Seo-jeong (/wiki/Yeo_Seo-jeong) Hyea W. Kang Uhm Jung-hwa (/wiki/Uhm_Jung-hwa) Kim Sunhye Kang Sue-jin (/wiki/Kang_Sue-jin) Pak Bae Hyein (/wiki/Hyein) ( NewJeans (/wiki/NewJeans) ) April Vittoria Ceretti (/wiki/Vittoria_Ceretti) Luigi & Iango May Jennie Kim (/wiki/Jennie_Kim) Kim Hee June June Nora Attal (/wiki/Nora_Attal) Hyea W. Kang External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.vogue.co.kr/) Vogue Korea (https://models.com/client/vogue-korea) at Models.com v t e Lists of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) cover models Arabia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Arabia_cover_models) Australia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Australia_cover_models) Brazil (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Brasil_cover_models) China (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_China_cover_models) Czechoslovakia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_CS_cover_models) France (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_France_cover_models) Germany (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Deutsch_cover_models) Greece (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Greece_cover_models) Hong Kong (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Hong_Kong_cover_models) India (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_India_cover_models) Italy (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Italia_cover_models) Japan (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Japan_cover_models) Korea Mexico (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_M%C3%A9xico_cover_models) Netherlands (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Nederland_cover_models) Philippines (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Philippines_cover_models) Poland (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Polska_cover_models) Russia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Russia_cover_models) Scandinavia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Scandinavia_cover_models) Singapore (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Singapore_cover_models) Spain (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Espa%C3%B1a_cover_models) Taiwan (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Taiwan_cover_models) Thailand (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Thailand_cover_models) Turkey (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_T%C3%BCrkiye_cover_models) Ukraine (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Ukraine_cover_models) United Kingdom (/wiki/List_of_British_Vogue_cover_models) United States (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_(US)_cover_models) Teen Vogue (/wiki/List_of_Teen_Vogue_cover_models) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐r28kt Cached time: 20240712193050 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.297 seconds Real time usage: 0.388 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1077/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9364/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 318/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.086/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1546650/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 230.011 1 -total 32.35% 74.416 1 Template:Short_description 29.99% 68.990 1 Template:Vogue_cover_models 29.00% 66.701 1 Template:Navbox 24.23% 55.736 1 Template:Horizontal_TOC 17.71% 40.745 2 Template:Pagetype 16.54% 38.053 1 Template:Flatlist 10.97% 25.239 1 Template:Official 8.91% 20.500 3 Template:Main_other 7.97% 18.323 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47614117-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712193050 and revision id 1228814803. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Court uniforms and dress (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Court_uniforms_and_dress) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Court uniform and dress (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐bt6cg Cached time: 20240720164914 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.061 seconds Real time usage: 0.090 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3031/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 401/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.035/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1065520/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 80.690 1 -total 74.20% 59.869 1 Template:Commons_category 71.67% 57.830 1 Template:Sister_project 69.58% 56.143 1 Template:Side_box 25.66% 20.702 1 Template:Cat_main 5.62% 4.533 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61104920-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720164914 and revision id 974663321. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. R Royal dresses (/wiki/Category:Royal_dresses) ‎ (3 C, 7 P) Pages in category "Court uniforms and dress" The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Court uniform and dress (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress) C Colobium sindonis (/wiki/Colobium_sindonis) Court uniform and dress in the Empire of Japan (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Court uniform and dress in the Ottoman Empire (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Ottoman_Empire) Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) D Diplomatic uniform (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) Dragon robe (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Durra'ah (/wiki/Durra%27ah) J Jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) K Kabbadion (/wiki/Kabbadion) Kanmuri (headwear) (/wiki/Kanmuri_(headwear)) M Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) R Raikan (/wiki/Raikan) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Robes of the British peerage (/wiki/Robes_of_the_British_peerage) Russian Court Dress (/wiki/Russian_Court_Dress) S Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) T Train (clothing) (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Court_uniforms_and_dress&oldid=974663321 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Court_uniforms_and_dress&oldid=974663321) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ceremonial clothing (/wiki/Category:Ceremonial_clothing) Royal and noble courts (/wiki/Category:Royal_and_noble_courts) History of clothing (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing) Regalia (/wiki/Category:Regalia) Uniforms (/wiki/Category:Uniforms) State ritual and ceremonies (/wiki/Category:State_ritual_and_ceremonies) Royal attire (/wiki/Category:Royal_attire) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Riley Uggla" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Riley+Uggla%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Riley+Uggla%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Riley+Uggla%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Riley+Uggla%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Riley+Uggla%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Riley+Uggla%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Riley Uggla Born ( 1995-05-28 ) 28 May 1995 (age 29) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , Canada Education Bradfield College (/wiki/Bradfield_College) Istituto Marangoni (/wiki/Istituto_Marangoni) Occupation Creative director (/wiki/Creative_director) Television Made In Chelsea (/wiki/Made_In_Chelsea) Partner Alex Rimmer (2022–present) British-Canadian creative director Riley Uggla (/ˈraɪli Uggla; born 28 May 1995) is a creative director and designer. She is the founder of The Condo, an interiors and lifestyle platform, [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) as well as Riley Studio (/wiki/Riley_Studio) , a sustainable luxury fashion brand. [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Uggla was born in Toronto, Canada and grew up in the United Kingdom. She is the second youngest of four siblings. Uggla studied at Bradfield College (/wiki/Bradfield_College) , Berkshire, before enrolling in the Foundation in Fashion course at Istituto Marangoni (/wiki/Istituto_Marangoni) in Shoreditch (/wiki/Shoreditch) , London. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] In 2014, Uggla began her career as a television personality, best known for her appearance in the Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) series Made in Chelsea (/wiki/Made_in_Chelsea) . [5] (#cite_note-5) In August 2018, Uggla founded her first company, Riley Studio (/wiki/Riley_Studio) . As well as being the founder, Uggla also acted as the creative director of the company and oversaw all design processes and brand direction. [6] (#cite_note-6) Uggla is the founder and creative director of the lifestyle platform, The Condo. [7] (#cite_note-7) Philanthropy [ edit ] The Uggla Foundation was founded in April 2020 by Riley Uggla, her three siblings and their father. The foundation focuses on three main areas: education (/wiki/Education) , health (/wiki/Health) , and access to the arts (/wiki/The_arts) . One of the first targeted initiatives is the establishment of scholarships for exceptionally talented individuals who do not have the financial means to attend higher education (/wiki/Higher_education) . [8] (#cite_note-8) The scholarships are awarded through The Uggla Family Scholarship programme at the London School of Economics (/wiki/The_London_School_of_Economics) [9] (#cite_note-9) and Simon Fraser University (/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Personal life [ edit ] Uggla married Alex Rimmer at Blenheim Palace (/wiki/Blenheim_Palace) in Oxfordshire (/wiki/Oxfordshire) . [11] (#cite_note-11) She is the daughter of former CEO of IHS Markit, Lance Uggla. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Harding, Natasha (5 July 2023). "How To Make Your Home Feel More Luxe, According To An Interiors It-Girl" (https://www.thehandbook.com/how-to-make-home-luxrurious/) . The Handbook . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Loos, Rachel (31 October 2023). "Why you need to hush your home" (https://gb.readly.com/magazines/grazia/2023-10-31/653f78471f07122edb471193) . Grazia . ^ (#cite_ref-3) May, Naomi (24 May 2019). "The seriously cool genderless brands you need to know" (https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/fashion/genderless-brands-to-know-about-a4269756.html) . Evening Standard . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Harriet, Brown (17 July 2017). "My Fashion Life: Made By Riley founder Riley Uggla" (https://www.drapersonline.com/people/my-fashion-life/my-fashion-life-made-by-riley-founder-riley-uggla) . Drapers Online (Interview). ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Made in Chelsea Returns to London for Series 8" (https://www.channel4.com/press/news/made-chelsea-returns-london-series-8) . Channel 4 . 7 October 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Junge, Stefan (7 May 2021). "Riley Uggla - Fashion Designer and Founder of Riley Studio" (https://ideamensch.com/riley-uggla/) . IdeaMensch (Interview). ^ (#cite_ref-7) Pavia, Lucy (6 October 2023). "Border your curtains, spend on taps and embrace limewash… how to everything-proof your home" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/oct/06/border-your-curtains-spend-on-taps-and-embrace-limewash-how-to-protect-your-home-from-the-ravages-of-daily-life) . The Guardian (Interview). ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kadritzke, Sebastian (2 April 2020). "Lance Uggla Announces Creation of Charitable Foundation Focusing on Education, Health and Access to Arts" (https://news.ihsmarkit.com/prviewer/release_only/slug/2020-04-02-lance-uggla-announces-creation-of-charitable-foundation-focusing-on-education-health-and-access-to-arts) . IHS Markit (Press release). ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Uggla Family Scholarship details" (https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Undergraduate/fees-and-funding/uggla-family-scholarships/Uggla-Family-Scholarship-details) . London School of Economics and Political Science . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Uggla Family Scholars" (http://www.sfu.ca/alumni/future-alumni/uggla-family-scholarship.html) . Simon Fraser University . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ridgway, Tegan (13 July 2022). "Inside: A Grand Wedding At Blenheim Palace" (https://www.theweddingedition.co.uk/inside-a-grandeur-wedding-at-blenheim-palace/) . The Wedding Edition . 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Contains parts used to make any type of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65db8bd6d7‐r566q Cached time: 20240709131438 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.006 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27466142-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709131438 and revision id 1022448018. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. G Gemstones (/wiki/Category:Gemstones) ‎ (18 C, 145 P) Pages in category "Jewellery components" The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Bag charm (/wiki/Bag_charm) Bail (jewelry) (/wiki/Bail_(jewelry)) Bead (/wiki/Bead) C Cameo (carving) (/wiki/Cameo_(carving)) Clutch (pin fastener) (/wiki/Clutch_(pin_fastener)) Costume jewelry (/wiki/Costume_jewelry) Crimp (joining) (/wiki/Crimp_(joining)) F Figaro chain (/wiki/Figaro_chain) Finding (jewelcrafting) (/wiki/Finding_(jewelcrafting)) Foil opal (/wiki/Foil_opal) Foilbacks (/wiki/Foilbacks) Fordite (/wiki/Fordite) French wire (/wiki/French_wire) G Gemstone (/wiki/Gemstone) H Heishe (/wiki/Heishe) Hematite (/wiki/Hematite) J Jewellery chain (/wiki/Jewellery_chain) Jump rings (/wiki/Jump_rings) K Kolt (/wiki/Kolt) L Libyan desert glass (/wiki/Libyan_desert_glass) Lobster clasp (/wiki/Lobster_clasp) Locket (/wiki/Locket) M Madaka (/wiki/Madaka) Mamuli (/wiki/Mamuli) Marangga (/wiki/Marangga) O Ostrich eggshell beads (/wiki/Ostrich_eggshell_beads) P Pearl (/wiki/Pearl) Pendant (/wiki/Pendant) Platinum sterling (/wiki/Platinum_sterling) Prison ring (/wiki/Prison_ring) Puka shell (/wiki/Puka_shell) R Rhinestone (/wiki/Rhinestone) Ryasna (/wiki/Ryasna) T Taiganja (/wiki/Taiganja) U Ultraviolet-sensitive bead (/wiki/Ultraviolet-sensitive_bead) W Waist beads (/wiki/Waist_beads) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Jewellery_components&oldid=1022448018 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Jewellery_components&oldid=1022448018) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellery (/wiki/Category:Jewellery) Visual arts materials (/wiki/Category:Visual_arts_materials) Components (/wiki/Category:Components)
Japanese cosmetics manufacturer You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E5%8D%8A) in Japanese . (November 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic (/wiki/Template:Expand_Japanese#Topics_and_categorization) to this template: there are already 1,130 articles in the main category (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Japanese_Wikipedia) , and specifying \|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:伊勢半]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated\|ja\|伊勢半}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Isehan_Cosmetics) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . ISEHAN Co., Ltd. Native name 株式会社伊勢半 Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) ( K.K (/wiki/Kabushiki_Kaisha) ) Industry Cosmetics Founded 1825 Headquarters Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) Number of employees 290 Website http://www.isehan.co.jp (http://www.isehan.co.jp) Isehan Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 伊勢半) is a Japanese cosmetics manufacturer founded as a family shop in 1825. The company was one of the first to market a branded cosmetics product in 1935 with a saffron (/wiki/Saffron) -based beni (/wiki/Carthamin) lip-gloss sold in china pots as "Kiss Me" (Japanese キス・ミー). The brand developed to include western style lipsticks, and a larger cosmetics range still marketed today but with English lettering as Kiss Me . The Minato-ku (/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo) , Tokyo, main branch of Isehan has a small museum on the company's history. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Martin Zatko The Rough Guide to Tokyo 2014 "Traditional cosmetics are the speciality of Isehan Honten" External links [ edit ] Isehan-Honten Museum of Beni at Google Cultural Institute (https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/museum-of-beni) v t e Japanese beauty practices (/wiki/Japanese_female_beauty_practices_and_ideals) Practices Hikimayu (/wiki/Hikimayu) Oshiroi (/wiki/Oshiroi) Irezumi (/wiki/Irezumi) Skin whitening (/wiki/Skin_whitening) Teeth blackening (/wiki/Teeth_blackening) Cosmetic brands Isehan Cosmetics Kao Corporation (/wiki/Kao_Corporation) Kosé (/wiki/Kos%C3%A9) Shiseido (/wiki/Shiseido) Shu Uemura (/wiki/Shu_Uemura) SK-II (/wiki/SK-II) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/259304898) National Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00284673) Academics CiNii (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07264791?l=en) This article about a Japanese corporation- or company-related topic is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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South African Computer generated model Shudu Gram is a computer generated social media personality and model, a " virtual influencer (/wiki/Virtual_influencer) ". [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-CBC-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) The character is considered the world's first digital supermodel. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) She was created in April 2017 by the fashion photographer Cameron-James Wilson. Her appearance draws largely from the "Princess of South Africa" Barbie doll (/wiki/Barbie_doll) . [8] (#cite_note-8) The character has generated controversy as Shudu, depicted as a black woman, was created by a white man. [9] (#cite_note-9) [2] (#cite_note-CBC-2) [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hsu, Tiffany (2019-06-17). "These Influencers Aren't Flesh and Blood, Yet Millions Follow Them" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/17/business/media/miquela-virtual-influencer.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 2021-01-13 . ^ a b Daigle, Thomas (December 21, 2020). "Mixing reality and fantasy, virtual influencers thrive amid the pandemic" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/virtual-influencers-thrive-amid-pandemic-1.5845775) . CBC.ca (/wiki/CBC.ca) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Wagman, Kelly (March 30, 2020). "A New Bot on the Block: The Rise of Virtual Influencers and What It Means for Our Online Communities" (http://fixingsocialmedia.mit.edu/index.html%3Fp=578.html) . Fixing Social Media . Massachusetts Institute of Technology (/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Bernard, Zoe (May 10, 2018). "I seriously thought this computer-generated Instagram model with 100,000 followers was real" (https://www.businessinsider.com/shudu-gram-is-a-fake-instagram-star-2018-5) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Tietjen, Alexa (June 13, 2018). "Shudu: Fashion's First Avatar Supermodel?" (https://wwd.com/eye/people/shudu-digital-fashion-model-avatar-1202683320/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Semic, Sara (July 15, 2019). "Meet The Man Behind The World's First Digital Supermodel" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/a28394357/man-behind-worlds-first-digital-supermodel/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Cresci, Elena (September 12, 2018). Green, Stephanie (ed.). "From Instagram to Balmain: The rise of CGI models" (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-45474286) . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Marain, Alexandre (April 5, 2019). "From Lil Miquela to Shudu Gram: Meet the virtual models" (https://www.vogue.fr/fashion/fashion-inspiration/story/from-lil-miquela-to-shudu-gram-meet-the-virtual-models/1843) . Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Jackson, Lauren Michele (May 4, 2018). "Shudu Gram Is A White Man's Digital Projection of Real-Life Black Womanhood" (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/shudu-gram-is-a-white-mans-digital-projection-of-real-life-black-womanhood) . The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rosenstein, Jenna (February 9, 2018). "People Can't Tell If This Fenty Model Is Real Or Fake" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/makeup/a16810663/shudu-gram-fenty-model-fake/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Retrieved January 13, 2021 . External links [ edit ] Shudu Gram (https://www.instagram.com/shudu.gram/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) This article about a fictional character (/wiki/Character_(arts)) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Rendering was triggered because: api-purge esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shudu_Gram&oldid=1224640246 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shudu_Gram&oldid=1224640246) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Instagram accounts (/wiki/Category:Instagram_accounts) Internet culture (/wiki/Category:Internet_culture) Virtual influencers (/wiki/Category:Virtual_influencers) Internet characters introduced in 2017 (/wiki/Category:Internet_characters_introduced_in_2017) Fictional character stubs (/wiki/Category:Fictional_character_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Irish fashion designer This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Zoe Jordan" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Zoe+Jordan%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Zoe+Jordan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Zoe+Jordan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Zoe+Jordan%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Zoe+Jordan%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Zoe+Jordan%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Zoe Jordan is an Irish fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She studied architecture and business before embarking on a career as a bond trader in New York for HSBC and later an equity sales-trader at Credit Suisse. After years on Wall Street, she left the world of finance behind in order to pursue her real passion, fashion design. Her eponymous brand launched in London in 2011 and went on to be winner of several awards. [2] (#cite_note-2) Jordan has garnered many awards, accolades and global recognition for her pioneering designs. She has been the winner of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) Talent Launchpad, a Walpole Brand of tomorrow, twice finalist for the prestigious British Fashion Council (BFC) (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) designer fashion fund and winner of the BFC (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) Ebay (/wiki/EBay) Contemporary award. She began showing on schedule at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in 2011. Sir Stuart Rose (/wiki/Stuart_Rose) , Brit Smith Start (/wiki/Brix_Smith_Start) , Natalie Imbruglia (/wiki/Natalie_Imbruglia) , and Sir Harold Tillman (/wiki/Harold_Tillman) all attended. [3] (#cite_note-3) She then moved to show in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) to expand the empire in 2014, where she described her collection "It's a tribute to the grown-up tomboy in her urban environment with an energetic minimalism and international heritage”. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2013, Jordan was short listed for the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Fashion Fund award. [6] (#cite_note-6) She is a daughter of the former F1 Team Owner, Eddie Jordan (/wiki/Eddie_Jordan) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Awards [ edit ] Winner of Elle Talent Launchpad 2010 [8] (#cite_note-8) Winner of Walpole Brand of Tomorrow 2011 [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) BFC Vogue Designer fashion fund finalist 2012 [12] (#cite_note-12) BFC Vogue Designer fashion fund finalist 2014 [13] (#cite_note-13) BFC Ebay Contemporary award winner [14] (#cite_note-14) Collaborations [ edit ] River Island (/wiki/River_Island) : Zoë Jordan collaborated with River Island for their Design Forum project 2015. [15] (#cite_note-15) Jordan said "To get an insight to this side of the world of fashion, it's been a great learning experience, one I've relished. I love the fact the family are still involved in running River Island and they do a lot of British manufacturing. We are all about a more subtle sophistication rather than shouting the loudest." [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Zoe Jordan (Vogue.com UK)" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/brand/zoe-jordan) . Vogue.co.uk . Retrieved 13 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Street, Chloe. "Meet Designer Zoë Jordan, the Former Banker Modernising Knitwear" (https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/we-meet-zoe-jordan-the-ex-banker-modernising-knitwear) . Tatler Asia . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Irwin & Jordan Hits the Schedule" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/news/g11024/irwin-jordan-hits-the-schedule/) . ELLE . 18 February 2011 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Zoë Jordan's NYFW Move" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/zoe-jordan-shows-in-new-york-fashion-week) . British Vogue . 15 August 2014 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Dublin-Born Designer Zoe Jordan Makes New York Fashion Week Debut" (https://www.her.ie/style/dublin-born-designer-zoe-jordan-makes-new-york-fashion-week-debut-2-175052) . Her.ie . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "BFC Vogue Fashion Fund Shortlist 2012 (Vogue.com UK)" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/12/15/bfc-vogue-fashion-fund-shortlist-2012) . Vogue.co.uk. 6 January 2012 . Retrieved 13 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Luxe, girly tailoring puts F1 star's designer daughter in pole position" (https://www.independent.ie/style/fashion/luxe-girly-tailoring-puts-f1-stars-designer-daughter-in-pole-position/26773175.html) . Independent.ie . 19 September 2011 . Retrieved 13 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The winners of ELLE's Talent Launch Pad" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/news/g11809/the-winners-of-elle-s-talent-launch-pad/) . ELLE . 1 September 2010 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Luxurious Future" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/walpole-winners-2011-osman-and-irwin-and-jordan) . British Vogue . 25 May 2011 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Another win for Irwin & Jordan" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/news/g10235/another-win-for-irwin-jordan/) . ELLE . 25 May 2011 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Parry, Caroline (24 May 2011). "Walpole unveils 2011 "Brands of Tomorrow" (https://www.drapersonline.com/archive/walpole-unveils-2011-brands-of-tomorrow) " (https://www.drapersonline.com/archive/walpole-unveils-2011-brands-of-tomorrow) . Drapers . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Unlikely Muse" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/zoe-jordan-tells-vogue-about-her-surprising-style-muses-and-her-fashion-future) . British Vogue . 24 August 2012 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "British Fashion Council" (https://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/pressreleases/BFC-VogueDesigner-Fashion-Fund) . www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "BFC Contemporary Launches" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/bfc-contemporary-initiative-recipients-zoe-jordan-paper-london-alexis-barrell-georgia-hardinge-prism) . British Vogue . 23 July 2014 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The winners of ELLE's Talent Launch Pad" (https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/news/g11809/the-winners-of-elle-s-talent-launch-pad/) . ELLE . 1 September 2010 . Retrieved 21 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Zoe Jordan X River Island \| Design Forum , retrieved 21 September 2023 This article about an artist from the United Kingdom is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoe_Jordan&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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French footwear and accessories brand Veja Fair Trade SARL Industry Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Founded 2004 ; 20 years ago ( 2004 ) Headquarters Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Products Trainers (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) , bags, small leather goods Revenue US$21 million (2017) [1] (#cite_note-Lo2018-10-1) Number of employees c. 500 (2023) [2] (#cite_note-2) Website www (https://www.veja-store.com/) .veja-store (https://www.veja-store.com/) .com (https://www.veja-store.com/) Veja (known as Vert in Brazil) is a French footwear and accessories brand founded in 2004. Veja's products are made with organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) , natural rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) , leather (/wiki/Leather) and recycled plastic (/wiki/Plastic_recycling) bottles. History [ edit ] Veja was founded in 2004. Veja's founders Sébastien Kopp and François-Ghislain Morillion met with organic cotton farmers in North Brazil and wild rubber tappers (/wiki/Rubber_tapping) in the Amazon (Seringueiros) to establish the production chain behind Veja in Brazil. In February 2005, the company made its first official launch at the Palais de Tokyo (/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) . Growing its influence, the company collaborated with French fashion designer Agnès b (/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_b) . In 2006, the company developed their first collection using vegetable-tanned leather, and has since began curating the photography exhibition Novo Mundo(S) at Wanted Gallery, Paris. In 2007, the company began its collaboration with French label Comptoir des Cotonniers (/wiki/Comptoir_des_Cotonniers) , launching its first collaborated product Veja + Christine Phung (/wiki/Christine_Phung) collection at the Pompidou Centre (/wiki/Pompidou_Centre) Design Shop in Paris. The business began expanding into the children's trainer scene, with the launch of Veja small. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2008, the company began its expansion to London, opening its studio there. [4] (#cite_note-4) Through time, the company has released a wide variety of different products and styles, ensuing talks of collaborations with third party organisations. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Seeing record moves of progress, the company began its new wave of collaborations, beginning with Regina Dabdab. In 2013, the company released a capsule collection of printed trainers, inspired by professor Greg Asner (/wiki/Greg_Asner) 's aerial maps recording forest cover and biodiversity in tropical forest ecosystems. [10] (#cite_note-10) With the launch of the film Once upon a Forest , by French director Luc Jacquet (/wiki/Luc_Jacquet) , Veja commemorated its launch by releasing a custom trainer. [11] (#cite_note-11) Veja sneakers In October 2018, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) , wore a pair of Veja sneakers to watch an Invictus Games (/wiki/Invictus_Games) sailing event during the official tour she took through Australia, New Zealand and Fiji with her spouse Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) . [12] (#cite_note-12) As of October 2018, Veja supplied its shoes to 1,800 retailers in 45 countries. They sold 550,000 pairs of shoes, generating $21 million in revenues in 2017. [1] (#cite_note-Lo2018-10-1) In 2020, Veja employed between 180 and 190 people. [13] (#cite_note-HB-Interview-13) Marni (/wiki/Marni_(brand)) and Veja collaborated on sneakers released in March 2022. [14] (#cite_note-14) Materials [ edit ] Veja trainers and accessories are made of organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) , wild rubber (/wiki/Natural_rubber) from the Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_basin) , [15] (#cite_note-15) vegetable-tanned (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) leather (/wiki/Leather) , and recycled plastic bottles. Veja works in Northeast Brazil (/wiki/Northeast_Brazil) with a co-operative of organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) farmers. Over 320 families have adopted the agro-ecology farming model with the technical support of the local NGO, ESPLAR. Since 2006 Veja has used vegetable-tanned leather. Vegetable-tanned leather is a chrome-free leather tanned (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) with organic compounds only. Leather is usually tanned using heavy metals, like chrome (/wiki/Chromium(III)_sulfate) , which generate high levels of pollution in the waters close to tanneries. Veja has replaced heavy metals with acacia (/wiki/Acacia) extracts, a natural tannin (/wiki/Tannin) . Veja uses waterproof bottle mesh on the soles of sneakers. It takes three recycled plastic bottles to make a pair of shoes. Bottles are collected from the streets of São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) and Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) and are later crushed and transformed into fiber. [1] (#cite_note-Lo2018-10-1) Social responsibility [ edit ] Veja claims ecological and fair trade (/wiki/Fair_trade) conditions and to work with cooperatives of small producers and social associations in Brazil and France. However, Veja has not published any results of social audits for many years nor are there any certificates for the company's self-acclaimed fair-trade standards available. [16] (#cite_note-16) The factory where Veja trainers are made in South Brazil follows the standards of work established by the International Labour Organization (/wiki/International_Labour_Organization) . Veja footwear and accessories are transported by ship from Brazil to Le Havre in France, where they are then taken to Paris by boat. [17] (#cite_note-17) Logistics are managed by Ateliers Sans Frontières, a French social association which enables people who have been unemployed to return to the workforce through training. Awards and honours [ edit ] Veja won The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) Sustainable Business Award in the supply chain category, [18] (#cite_note-18) and The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) in association with Vogue UK Ethical Award in the fashion category. [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Andrea Lo. "Would you pay more for sustainable sneakers?" (https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/28/business/veja-sneakers/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 29 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "VEJA is growing \| VEJA" (https://project.veja-store.com/en/single/growing) . VEJA . Retrieved 17 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Veja Trainers" (http://babyccinokids.com/blog/2011/09/23/veja/) . 23 September 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Thread - Features Veja" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/thread/features/veja/) . BBC . Retrieved 20 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Veja Spring/Summer 2009 SPMA Collection" (http://www.highsnobiety.com/news/2009/02/01/veja-springsummer-2009-spma-collection/) . Highsnobiety.com. 1 February 2009 . Retrieved 20 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kate Carter (31 August 2010). "Buy of the day \| Life and style \| guardian.co.uk" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/31/buy-of-the-day) . London: Guardian . Retrieved 20 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Serian (7 January 2010). "Veja for Merci Canvas Sneakers" (http://www.selectism.com/news/2010/01/07/veja-for-merci-canvas-sneakers/) . Selectism.com . Retrieved 20 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Veja Shoes Launches Chrome-Free Suede and Wild Rubber Shoes for Winter (Photos)" (http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/11/veja-shoes-launches-chrome-free-suede-and-wild-rubber-shoes-for-winter-photos.php#) . TreeHugger . Retrieved 20 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Centre Commercial by Veja - Frame Magazine - The Great Indoors" (http://www.framemag.com/news/1791) . Framemag.com. 15 February 2011 . Retrieved 20 March 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Guardian Green Crush" (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/mar/31/recycled-or-fsc-certified-paper) . The Guardian . London. 31 March 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "2013 Cannes Film Festival Predictions: Luc Jacquet's Once Upon a Forest" (https://www.imdb.com/news/ni50467918/) . IMDb . London. 3 April 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "We Found Meghan Markle's Insanely Comfortable Sneakers — Here's Where to Buy Them" (https://people.com/style/meghan-markle-best-sneakers/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved 19 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-HB-Interview_13-0) "Veja's Sébastien Kopp Calls for Transparency and Ecological Balance in Fashion" (https://hypebeast.com/2020/6/veja-interview-founder-sebastien-kopp-business-of-hype-jeffstaple-episode-75) . Hypebeast (/wiki/Hypebeast_(company)) . 1 June 2020 . Retrieved 27 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Palmieri, Jean (4 March 2022). "Veja Pairs Up With Marni; Tommy Hilfiger Enters The Metaverse; Nicki Minaj Fronts Marc Jacobs Campaign; Stanley Korshak Opens Cesare Attolini Shop" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/0304-scoops-veja-pairs-up-with-marni-tommy-hilfiger-enters-the-metaverse-nicki-minaj-fronts-marc-jacobs-campaign-stanley-korshak-opens-cesare-attolini-shop-1235116897/) . Women’s Wear Daily. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Siegle, Lucy (8 August 2010). "Bia Saldanha's innovation: natural rubber" (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/08/bia-saldanha-natural-rubber?INTCMP=SRCH) . The Guardian . London. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "VEJA - Sustainability Rating - Good on You" (https://rankabrand.de/schuhe/Veja#detailed-report) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Mad Men Style" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8303219/Fairtrade-trainers-these-ones-will-run-and-run.html) . The Daily Telegraph . London. 4 February 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Veja Ethical Passion for Footwear" (https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/best-practice-exchange/veja-ethical-passion-fashion) . The Guardian . London. 31 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "The Observer Ethical Awards" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/blogs/the-green-style-blog/2012/05/observer-ethical-awards/) . Vogue.co.uk . London. 31 May 2012. 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This article may require copy editing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting) for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling . You can assist by editing it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fast_fashion_in_China) . ( October 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Fast fashion brands popular in China Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) is a term used to represent cheap, trendy clothing that is made to replicate higher end fashion (/wiki/Fashion) trends. As of 2019, China (/wiki/China) remains the leading producer of fast fashion clothing. [1] (#cite_note-1) Many sweatshops (/wiki/Sweatshop) are located in China, where the workers are underpaid and overworked in unsafe environments. China produces 65% of the world's clothing, [2] (#cite_note-2) with a majority of these clothes being labeled as "fast fashion". The top ten competitors in the fast fashion market make up 29.13% of the whole fashion market in 2020. [3] (#cite_note-3) History of fast fashion in China [ edit ] After recent years of tremendous economic growth in China, fast fashion consumption made its way into the lives of not only Chinese people but worldwide as well. Brands such as Shein (/wiki/Shein_(company)) , Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) , and Zaful have dominated the fashion world. Residents in populated cities such as Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) are starting to favor fast fashion brands over big name brands in order to keep up with fashion trends. Fast fashion can contribute significantly to the economy. In 2021, the fashion industry generated $31 billion globally. [4] (#cite_note-4) China in specific accounts for 32% of total brand clothing sales in 2017 alone. [5] (#cite_note-5) The rapid consumption lifestyle that China has taken on has contributed to the increase of fast fashion. The use of inexpensive materials and labor contributes to China's ability to maintain high production levels while keeping their economic debt minimal. By producing more fast fashion pieces, the economy benefits. [6] (#cite_note-6) However, rapid production of fashion comes at a cost of perpetuating the climate crisis, such as through marine pollution, cotton cultivation, and increased carbon emissions. Fast fashion exists not only because it helps the economy, but because it fulfills a high consumption lifestyle popular in Western countries. [7] (#cite_note-7) In addition, the way in which fast fashion is marketed contributes to its fast consumption. Fast fashion clothing is meant to be worn for the duration of a short-term trend. Once the trend is over, it may be disposed of, and its affordability encourages lack of guilt over its fast consumption. [8] (#cite_note-8) The amount of clothing that is quickly bought and then quickly discarded increases the amount of waste being produced, exacerbating its environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) . Concept [ edit ] Low wages and labor-intensive operations have historically characterized the garment industry. However, in the past two decades, China's globalization (/wiki/Globalization) has led to the proliferation of the fast fashion industry, appealing to developing nations due to its inexpensive labor and lenient regulations. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) This has resulted in an industry marked by overconsumption and waste. In previous years, trendy (/wiki/Fad) fashion was a luxury and could only be bought at a high cost. But recently, that is different as developing countries race to produce these cheap pieces of clothing to satisfy their foreign investors overseas. Its success is its broad appeal to various tastes, attracting many consumers. A key aspect of fast fashion is that it is fast. Fast fashion brands produce their garments quickly so they are sold to the market as soon as possible. [10] (#cite_note-10) Notable companies [ edit ] Shein [ edit ] This paragraph is an excerpt from Shein (/wiki/Shein) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shein&action=edit) ] Shein (/wiki/Shein) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ ʃ iː ɪ n / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) SHEE -in ; styled as SHEIN; Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 希音 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Xīyīn ) is a fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) retailer. Founded in Nanjing (/wiki/Nanjing) , China, in October 2008 as ZZKKO by entrepreneur Chris Xu, Shein grew to become the world's largest fashion retailer as of 2022. The company is currently headquartered in Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) . Known for selling relatively inexpensive apparel, Shein's success has been credited to its popularity among Generation Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) consumers. [11] (#cite_note-Shein_PRS-11) The company was initially compared to a drop shipping (/wiki/Drop_shipping) business, as it was not involved in design and manufacturing, instead sourcing products from the wholesale clothing market in Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-Shein_:0-13) Beginning in 2012, Shein began to establish its own supply chain system, transforming itself into a fully integrated retailer. [13] (#cite_note-Shein_:0-13) The company has established its supply chain in Guangzhou with a network of more than 3,000 suppliers as of 2022. However, it has faced controversy due to its use of Chinese sweatshops (/wiki/Sweatshops) and child labor. [14] (#cite_note-Shein_:9-14) In 2022, the company fully moved its headquarters from China to Singapore for regulatory, international expansion, and financial reasons – while keeping its supply chains and warehouses in China. [15] (#cite_note-Shein_:13-15) In 2022, Shein generated US$24 billion in revenue, a sum almost as large as established retailers Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) and H&M (/wiki/H%26M) . [14] (#cite_note-Shein_:9-14) Shein was valued at $100 billion after a funding round in April 2022. [16] (#cite_note-16) According to Bloomberg Businessweek (/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek) and others, Shein's business model has benefitted from the China–United States trade war (/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war) , particularly in regards to tax advantages. [17] (#cite_note-Shein_:02-17) In recent years, Shein has found itself in the middle of trademark disputes, lawsuits involving competitors, product safety (/wiki/Product_safety) concerns, as well as accusations of tax evasion (/wiki/Tax_evasion) and being involved in labor law and human rights (/wiki/Human_rights) violations. [18] (#cite_note-18) Uniqlo [ edit ] Uniqlo stores in China are concentrated around higher income regions. Uniqlo, a Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_cuisine) owned brand was founded in 1974 by Tadashi Yanai. [19] (#cite_note-19) They are known for their modern casual apparel and essential, multi-functional garments. [20] (#cite_note-20) Despite China's growing anti-Japanese sentiment, this brand has secured 1.4% of China's $350 billion apparel market in 2021 which is larger than any other brand that year. [21] (#cite_note-21) Uniqlo is not only a hit in China but the rest of the world as well with 43 stores in the US alone. [22] (#cite_note-22) The difference between Uniqlo and most other fast fashion brand is that Uniqlo's garments are well-made while still staying at an affordable price point. Many Chinese people associate Japanese goods to the highest caliber of quality. Uniqlo's success story has to do with their timing, Yanai created the brand around when the Chinese middle class was increasing. In terms of how ethical and environmentally friendly Uniqlo is, they have not made sufficient progress. As most brands, they have set a climate change target to reduce CO2 emissions. In their 2021 sustainability report, they outline steps to reducing water usage in jeans by 99%, reducing single-use plastic and educating cotton farmers agricultural chemicals. [23] (#cite_note-uniqlo.com-23) In 2020, Uniqlo's in Japan increased their use of LED lights leading to a 38.7% decrease of greenhouse gas emissions. [23] (#cite_note-uniqlo.com-23) While these statistics are on the brand's page, these targets are not accepted in the scientific communities as ways to limit global warming. [24] (#cite_note-24) Inditex [ edit ] The most notable success story is Inditex which owns companies such as Zara and Bershka. Since opening in 2007-2019 they have opened over 330 stores in China. [25] (#cite_note-25) But Zara is growing twice as fast as H&M due to their focus on value rather than price. [26] (#cite_note-26) Fast fashion, the term, was coined by the New York Times in the 90's due to Zara's ability to produce a garment from start to finish in less than 20 days. [27] (#cite_note-imperfectidealist.com-27) Inditex is a large brand with a new worth of $17.2 billion. [28] (#cite_note-28) With their abundance of wealth, it is expected that this company produces greener. Inditex has targets to source fabrics more sustainably by 2025 and to have nothing sent to the landfills by 2023. [27] (#cite_note-imperfectidealist.com-27) It is not uncommon that brands have recycling progr [29] (#cite_note-asia.nikkei.com-29) am policies implemented but the true test is whether they follow through on them. H&M protest [ edit ] Xinjiang, a province in Northwest China is strategically important for China as it is not only the largest region there but also a central hub for trading. While it is one of their poorest communities, it has a high economic development. [30] (#cite_note-30) It is important because it has a plentiful of natural resources and with the addition of the Silk Road Economic Belt Project, Xinjiang is essential for China's economic growth. [31] (#cite_note-31) Xinjiang also sources nearly 90% of China's cotton outputting over 5.2 million tonnes. [32] (#cite_note-32) Not only that, but Xinjiang engages in detrimental human right's violations against the Muslim minority in China. [33] (#cite_note-33) Due to this, companies have started to target this region. The United States for example, have imposed sanction on companies that are sourced from Xinjiang. These companies include H&M, Nike, and Zara. [34] (#cite_note-34) In response, H&M has completely cut off Xinjiang from its production chain. Celebrities have openly cut off connections with these companies. H&M is facing a huge boycott from Western apparel brands because they have not taken action against the allegations. [35] (#cite_note-35) Actor Huang Xuan, a brand ambassador for H&M in 2020 told CNN that they would never work with the company due to the recent allegations. [36] (#cite_note-36) Beijing sent out a statement that these allegations are false and that the West is spreading lies. [29] (#cite_note-asia.nikkei.com-29) Nonetheless, many H&M shops in China have been forced to close despite their protests to the allegations. COVID-19 [ edit ] Further information: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) As with many other industry's, in its peak, COVID (/wiki/COVID-19) put a pause on the textile industry. China implemented a Zero-Covid (/wiki/Zero-COVID) policy in August 2021. [37] (#cite_note-37) This reduced the amount of goods that could be shipped into China during a period of time. This policy negatively impacted fashion brands because it slowed down their production and reduced their shipments. But COVID-19 did not stop fast fashion altogether in the future. Zara's sales in 2020 made less than half of Shein's sales which is a threat due to Zara's continued popularity. [38] (#cite_note-38) Shein doubled its sales during 2020, with 35% of those sales accounting for Western clients. The reason for Shein's success even during a pandemic is due to their incredibly inexpensive clothing. Especially during a time of economic crisis and income shortages, cheap was the way to go. Environmental impact [ edit ] Further information: Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Despite the economic boost that the textile industry is providing, it also contributes negatively to the growing climate crisis. The fashion industry accounts for 10% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. [39] (#cite_note-Sumner-39) In recent years, fast fashion has majorly contributed to more plastic entering the ocean, overconsumption of goods, and increasing carbon emissions. In 2018, more than 10 different UN organizations pledged to establish a UN Alliance on Sustainable Fashion. [40] (#cite_note-40) Water usage [ edit ] The fashion industry is the second most-water intensive industry worldwide. [41] (#cite_note-41) Around 90 billion cubic meters of water are used every year for the fashion industry. [42] (#cite_note-42) Most of the clothing pieces made come from cotton and cotton requires more water for production than any other crop. [43] (#cite_note-43) Water is considered a luxury in some countries and the textile industry, consuming masses amounts of water add to this scarcity. Water usage accounts for 6% of all CO2 emissions in China. [44] (#cite_note-44) Thus, the fashion industry usage of water negatively impacts our climate. Marine pollution [ edit ] On average, between the years 2000 to 2014, worldwide we have bought 60% more clothes and much of this growth is driven by China's new craving to keep up with cheap new trends. [45] (#cite_note-mmj1-45) It is not only the consumption of new clothes that drives this marine pollution. Polyester, a common material used in clothing manufacturing, sheds thousands of microfibers each time it is washed leading to a total of 500,000 tons of microfibers, equivalent to 50 billion plastic bottles, dumped into the ocean each year. [45] (#cite_note-mmj1-45) It is estimated that one load of laundry produces up to 700,000 microfibers and microscopic forms of plastic, though invisible to the naked eye, are not harmless. A large portion of these plastics end up on the ocean floor and do not decompose. They are consumed by fish and other marine species allowing them to enter into the food chain. This not only causes harm to marine life, but also poisons the food that us humans rely on as well. As China enters this new age of extreme consumption, similar to the west, it also enters an age where fast-paced clothing trends increasingly poison our food and pollute our oceans. [46] (#cite_note-46) Cotton cultivation [ edit ] To produce 1 kg of cotton, it takes nearly 15,000 liters of water. [47] (#cite_note-47) Since not all cotton is grown in rain-fed areas, it requires additional irrigation which also adds to CO2 emissions on top of water usage. More than 60% of all cotton production comes from irrigated farms. [39] (#cite_note-Sumner-39) In places that where cotton is grown in rain-fed areas are also areas that face drought issues. After the piece is made from cotton, it needs to be dyed which takes in a lot of heat, releasing harmful chemicals into surrounding waters and air. Viscose production [ edit ] Viscose (/wiki/Rayon) is marketed as a sustainable alternative to cotton polyester. It is made from trees, so inherently it is not toxic to the environment. But because of the mass amount of viscose needed for the growing fast fashion industry, is manufactured cheaply. [48] (#cite_note-48) Viscose is mainly manufactured in Southeast Asia with China representing 66% of production in 2015. [49] (#cite_note-49) These manufactures also dump untreated wastewater containing a multitude of chemicals. One major chemical is carbon disulphide (/wiki/Carbon_disulfide) , a solvent that is linked to severe medical conditions. [50] (#cite_note-50) Upon touch it can burn through skin and cause severe eye damage. This is one of the many chemicals that's dumped in oceans hurting marine life. Viscose production in 2015 The wood pulp that viscose is made out raises high concerns for the environmental committee as dissolving this material wastes 70% of the tree. [51] (#cite_note-51) This production has been linked to deforestation specifically in the Indonesia rainforests. Deforestation is one of the main contributors of climate change. [52] (#cite_note-52) Pesticides [ edit ] Pesticides pose a major problem to our crops. Cotton is the most pesticides sprayed crop. Due to this heavy amount of chemicals, cotton production needs massive amounts of freshwater to wash it out. [53] (#cite_note-53) In addition most cotton that is grown is genetically modified (/wiki/Genetically_modified) to pest which lead to the problem of super-weeds later on. These weeds need to be treated with more pesticides that is harmful to not only humans but livestock as well. [54] (#cite_note-54) Overconsumption [ edit ] Global consumption of apparel has risen to around 62 million tonnes per year. [55] (#cite_note-55) Due to the cheap production of clothes, they are worn only a few times before they are tossed. Nearly 85% of textiles end up in landfills every year. [56] (#cite_note-56) Unlike clothing that is made sustainably with better materials that can be worn for years and passed down. In order for brands to keep up with current trends and continuing competing in the market, it is vital for them to fulfill consumer's demand. This leads to a constant cycle of overconsumption of goods. Especially in recent years, the time it takes for a trend to go out of style has decreased leading to an increase of clothes being thrown out. [57] (#cite_note-57) As consumers and producers continue to welcome the era of fast fashion, clothes will be worn less and less times. Carbon emission [ edit ] Further information: Greenhouse gas emissions by China (/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_China) CO2 emissions (/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions) are a huge contributor to climate change. China emits 13% of total CO2 emissions globally estimating around 7.7 tons per person. [58] (#cite_note-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request-58) China participates in the Paris agreement where nations hope to achieve peak CO2 emissions by 2030 and net-zero emissions before 2060. [59] (#cite_note-59) On estimation, if China were to continue emitting CO2 levels at the rate it's going, they would use a-lot of the carbon budget by 2050. [58] (#cite_note-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request-58) The fashion industry is responsible for 10% of annual global CO2 emissions. In 2018, the fashion industry was also responsible for 2.1 billion metric tons of GHG emissions. This percentage equates to total amount of GHGs used for the entire economy of France, United Kingdom, and Germany combined. [60] (#cite_note-60) The reason for this ties into the speed at which clothes from fast fashion brands are made. They are made in factories that have little to no safety regulations and push out clothes at an unbelievable pace. As seen in the picture to the right, the highest GHG emitter regions also happen to be the richer region such as Beijing and Shanghai. Both these provinces are also the leading fashion hubs in China. Not only that, but Beijing and Shanghai make up almost 50 million people. [61] (#cite_note-61) That is why these cities emit the highest GHG emitters, due to not only the mass production of clothes but also other products. Transportation [ edit ] After the piece is made, the carbon footprint does not stop there. While not all fast fashion brands produce their clothing in China, to make a piece, the materials can come from all over. This requires the transportation of goods through boat or plane. Transportation accounted for 15-20% of the total percent of emissions each year. [62] (#cite_note-62) Regardless of whether you are buying clothes online or in person, the garment has already set its carbon footprint. Companies can reduce their carbon footprint if they source materials locally instead of sourcing foreign materials. It doesn't have to be multiple different items from multiple different countries, one item is enough to make an impact on the global footprint. Combine that with the actual multitude of different supplies needed from everywhere, the CO2 emissions are expected to rise higher every year. Labor concerns [ edit ] Laborer trafficking [ edit ] It is not uncommon to know that behind pieces that have the label "made in china" is a production team that are severely overworked. China did not have labor laws until 1994 where workers could only work 44 hours a week with no more than 36 hours of overtime per month. [63] (#cite_note-63) But these laws are regularly surpassed as many factories in China have shadow factories where workers are paid daily if they work overtime. [64] (#cite_note-:0-64) These shadow factories are unknown to the government and thus are able to surpass the rules. The Chinese culture for these workers is to work in these conditions for a short amount of time so that they do not have to work later on in life. Many factory workers lives end in premature deaths due to their prolonged exposure to not only dangerous chemicals but other health issues that arise with being overworked. In 2008, more than 200 million workers in 16 million companies were exposed to harmful chemicals that led to conditions such as the black lung and silicosis. [64] (#cite_note-:0-64) But workers are not the only ones exposed to these chemicals, consumers are too. Dermal absorption, a natural body process that allows skin to absorb over 50% of chemicals is a consequence of these products. [65] (#cite_note-65) The sad fact is that many of the world's largest retailers engaged in forced labor. In Xinjiang, as many as 1 in 5 cotton products are products of human rights violations. [66] (#cite_note-66) Even if the brand is not produced in China, many of these companies still have close ties with Chinese contractors receiving supplies from them. Uyghur forced labor [ edit ] Further information: Persecution of Uyghurs in China (/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China) and Xinjiang cotton industry (/wiki/Xinjiang_cotton_industry) Uyghurs are predominately Muslim people found in the city of Xinjiang. Xinjiang has imprisoned over 1 million Muslims in re-education camps and the rest are subjected to everyday surveillance on them. Since 2014, Uyghurs have long faced discrimination for their Islamic beliefs. President Xi Jinping has destroyed many of their mosques and ruined neighborhoods that house predominately Uyghur people. [67] (#cite_note-67) Some of the world's biggest fast fashion brands are complicit with the human right's violations done on the Uyghur group. Up to 1.8 million Uyghur and other Muslim people are forced into working for sweatshop factories. [68] (#cite_note-68) Since China is the number one producer of cotton, virtually every article of clothing is tainted somewhere with Uyghur people's forced labor. The United States stepped up to take action against the unlawful violations happening in Xinjiang. In 2021, President Joe Biden signed into agreement the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act) that ensures products that are produced with forced labor are not allowed to be exported to the United States. [69] (#cite_note-69) Although this is a step in the right direction, the Chinese government has found ways around it. The exploitation of Uyghur people by forcing them to work adds to the fashion industry's success. Sustainable development goals [ edit ] In 2017, the United Nation's member states came together to create 17 SDGs to be achieved by 2030. These include reducing poverty, gender inequality and climate change. [70] (#cite_note-70) Goal 13 outlines steps for climate action. As the fashion industry uses mass amounts of fossil fuels to produce their garments, in order to reduce the warming of the planet, brands have implemented steps to achieve this SDG. COVID-19 helped reduce greenhouse gasses by 6% in 2020 due to travel bans. [71] (#cite_note-luxiders.com-71) Goal 14 speaks on ways to improve the quality of water. Wastewater treatments are planned to be 65%-90% effective at filtering out microfibers. [71] (#cite_note-luxiders.com-71) It's estimated that the textile industry produces 0.12 million metric tons of microfibers per year. [72] (#cite_note-72) See also [ edit ] Textile industry in China (/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China) Chinese clothing (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fast Fashion in China: A Humanitarian Issue" (https://www.borgenmagazine.com/fast-fashion-in-china/) . Borgen . 2020-10-14 . 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Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ a b "Fashion's Future: The Sustainable Development Goals \| Luxiders" (https://luxiders.com/fashions-future-the-sustainable-development-goals/) . Sustainable Fashion - Eco Design - Healthy Lifestyle - Luxiders Magazine . 2020-07-20 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "The Nature Conservancy" (https://www.nature.org/en-us/) . The Nature Conservancy . 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Japanese denim and fashion brand KAPITAL Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded March, 1985 Founder Toshikiyo Hirata Headquarters Kurashiki (/wiki/Kurashiki) , Okayama Prefecture (/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) Number of locations 13 Key people Toshikiyo Hirata Kiro Hirata Products Denim, clothing Brands Kapital Kountry Website kapital.jp (https://www.kapital.jp/) Kapital , often stylized as KAPITAL , is a Japanese fashion brand specializing in denim (/wiki/Denim) and clothing from traditional textiles and patchwork (/wiki/Patchwork) methods, founded in 1985 by Toshikiyo Hirata (d. 2024). [1] (#cite_note-Gill_Princen-1) [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) The clothing brand is renowned for its denim, workwear (/wiki/Workwear) , and Americana (/wiki/Americana_(culture)) -inspired garments, and has developed a cult following for its eclectic (/wiki/Eclecticism) and handicraft (/wiki/Handicraft) work and limited-production denim. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Kapital operates 13 stores across Japan, and is sold in select retailers globally. [6] (#cite_note-6) Clothing is produced across 4 sewing factories and 1 dyeing factory. [7] (#cite_note-7) Etymology [ edit ] The "Kapital" name originates in the company's founding in Kojima (/wiki/Kojima_District,_Okayama) , an area known as Japan's "Denim Capital". [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) History [ edit ] Toshikiyo Hirata was inspired to begin making denim (/wiki/Denim) after visiting the United States in the 1980s to teach karate (/wiki/Karate) where he encountered mid-century American denim. Upon his return to Japan, he studied and learned denim-making techniques in Kojima, and started a denim factory in 1984 replicating the quality of mid-century American-made denim. [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) Hirata formally founded the Kapital brand soon after in 1985. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) Toshikiyo's son Kiro Hirata joined the brand in 2002 to assist in contemporary fashion and marketing appeal for the brand. Combined with its expertise in high quality denim manufacturing, the brand began to branch out into more niche areas of the fashion industry, and carved out a reputation for eclectic artisan designs. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) The brand further began experimenting in the 2000s with natural and synthetic dyes (/wiki/Dye) , cut and sew (/wiki/Cut_and_sew) garments, hand overstitching, bandanas (/wiki/Bandana) , as well as creating more than just denim bottoms with tops, outerwear, footwear, and accessories. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Production [ edit ] Kapital specializes in multiple traditional and artisanal garment manufacturing techniques, such as sashiko (/wiki/Sashiko) , boro (/wiki/Boro_(textile)) , quilting (/wiki/Quilting) , patchwork (/wiki/Patchwork) , distressing (/wiki/Distressing) , mending (/wiki/Clothing#Mending) , cut and sew, and appliqué (/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9) . In denim production, the brand also uses stone washing (/wiki/Stone_washing) and enzyme washing (/wiki/Enzyme_washing) . These techniques are modernized and adapted for contemporary production and innovation. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [10] (#cite_note-:3-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Gill_Princen_1-0) Princen, Gill. "KAPITAL Founder Toshikiyo Hirata Passed Away" (https://www.yokogaomag.com/editorial/kapital-founder-toshikiyo-hirata-passed-away) . Yokogao. ^ (#cite_ref-:4_2-0) "KAPITAL" (https://www.kapital.jp/) . www.kapital.jp (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ a b James (2018-05-05). "Kapital - History, Philosophy, and Iconic Products" (https://www.heddels.com/2018/05/kapital-history-philosophy-and-iconic-products/) . Heddels . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kapital: Past Meets Present in Japan's Iconic Cult Brand \| GOAT" (https://www.goat.com/editorial/kapital-history) . www.goat.com . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Owusu-Frimpong, Jason (2021-06-12). "KAPITAL IS AT THE CENTRE OF TODAY'S CULTURE, HERE'S WHY" (https://culted.com/kapital-is-at-the-centre-of-todays-culture-heres-why/) . CULTED . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Shop List" (https://www.kapital.jp/) . www.kapital.jp (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2023-05-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Company Profile" (https://www.kapital.jp/) . www.kapital.jp (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2023-05-25 . ^ a b "KAPITAL" (https://www.mrporter.com/en-us/mens/designer/kapital) . Mr. Porter . ^ a b "Kapital" (https://www.blueingreensoho.com/collections/kapital) . BLUE IN GREEN SOHO . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ a b "The Legacy of Kapital: The Philosophy & Cultural Depth Behind the Cult Japanese Brand \| Blog" (https://www.archivepdf.net/post/the-legacy-of-kapital-the-philosophy-and-cultural-depth-behind-the-cult-japanese-brand) . ARCHIVE.pdf . 2021-12-01 . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "A Rare Visit to Japan's Denim Paradise" (https://www.gq.com/story/kapital-denim-is-a-japanese-paradise) . GQ . 2019-09-05 . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "KAPITAL Japan: the meeting point between wabi-sabi and Americana" (https://www.nssmag.com/en/article/22859) . nss magazine . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Club, Canoe. "All the Details: Kapital Smilies" (https://shopcanoeclub.com/blogs/editorial/kapital-japan-kountry-smilies) . Canoe Club . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Incomparable To Others: An Introduction To Kapital" (https://sabukaru.online/articles/an-introduction-to-kapital) . sabukaru . 2020-03-27 . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "What Are Kapital and Kapital Kountry?" (https://www.grailed.com/drycleanonly/kapital-history) . Grailed . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Kojima-based brand shows its passion for history with collections that recover classic garments" (https://www.sivasdescalzo.com/en/blog/kapital-bandana) . www.sivasdescalzo.com . Retrieved 2023-05-23 . 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American businessman and philanthropist (1821–1903) For American politician, see Gordon W. McKay (/wiki/Gordon_W._McKay) . Gordon McKay Born ( 1821-05-04 ) May 4, 1821 Pittsfield (/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts) , Massachusetts Died October 19, 1903 (1903-10-19) (aged 82) Newport (/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island) , Rhode Island Burial place Pittsfield Cemetery (/wiki/Pittsfield_Cemetery) Occupation(s) Businessman, philanthropist Signature Gordon McKay (1821–1903) was an American (/wiki/American_people) businessman and philanthropist. An important figure in the mechanization of the shoe industry (/wiki/Shoe_industry) , his most lucrative idea was to lease (/wiki/Lease) his "McKay machines" rather than selling them outright, collecting a small royalty on each pair of footwear made with his equipment. He then secured his market position by, helping create the United Shoe Machinery Corporation (/wiki/United_Shoe_Machinery_Corporation) cartel (/wiki/Cartel) with his potential competitors. Upon his death, after providing for his family and mistresses (/wiki/Adultery) , he left the bulk of his estate to Harvard University (/wiki/Harvard_University) as an endowment to support capable professors to train future engineers (/wiki/Mechanical_engineering) . The gift grew to over half a billion dollars and was indirectly responsible for Harvard's inability to merge with MIT (/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology) in the early 20th century. Life [ edit ] A McKay Leather Stitching Machine, from Popular Science (/wiki/Popular_Science_(magazine)) (1892) McKay was born to a cotton goods manufacturer in Pittsfield, Massachusetts (/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts) on May 4, 1821. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlobeObit1903-2) Although he studied violin (/wiki/Violin) as a boy, [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) he did not graduate high school or attend college but became a self-taught civil engineer (/wiki/Civil_engineer) and self-made businessman. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) When his father died in 1833, he went to work as an apprentice (/wiki/Apprentice) in a machine shop at age 12. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) He briefly worked on a railroad and on the Erie Canal (/wiki/Erie_Canal) . [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) In 1844, at age 23, he established his own machine shop in Pittsfield. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) Partnering with J.C. Hoadley as McKay and Hoadley, the firm employed over 100 men before moving in 1852 to Lawrence (/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts) . [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) While there, he served as treasurer of the Lawrence Machine Shop. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) At the time, Lynn (/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts) and other communities around Boston (/wiki/Boston) had become the center of the American shoe (/wiki/Shoe) industry (/wiki/Shoe_industry) but they still relied on skilled manual labor organized into elaborate putting-out systems (/wiki/Putting-out_system) . With modification, Elias Howe (/wiki/Elias_Howe) and Isaac Singer (/wiki/Isaac_Singer) 's early sewing machines (/wiki/Sewing_machine) were able to stitch shoes' uppers (/wiki/Upper_(shoe)) together but could not do the heavy work of attaching the uppers to the soles (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) . Lyman Reed Blake (/wiki/Lyman_Reed_Blake) finally worked out how to accomplish this in 1856, receiving his patent (/wiki/United_States_patent_law) in 1858. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) Realizing how the invention could increase productivity and profits for shoe manufacturers, McKay hired Blake at his company and purchased his patent for $ (/wiki/US_dollar) 8,000 in cash and an agreement to pay a further $62,000 from future profits. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2001-4) While contesting an earlier agreement Blake had made for less money, [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) the two men then further improved and streamlined the design, with McKay receiving another patent in 1862. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) The Civil War (/wiki/American_Civil_War) had begun in 1861 and the US Army (/wiki/Union_Army) was ordering huge numbers of brogans (/wiki/Brogans) for its soldiers. McKay filled an order for 25,000 pairs on his own. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) Rather than sell a few of his stitching machines outright at their full price, though, the McKay Shoe Machinery Company arranged to lease (/wiki/Lease) the "McKay machines" to 60 other companies for a low initial fee and royalties (/wiki/Royalties) on future sales. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) (The machines included devices that tallied their uses.) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) The low overhead, increased productivity, ready market, and glowing reports prompted more and more companies to adopt them as well. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) Blake helped install the machines until retiring in 1874. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) Ultimately, McKay's company received royalties on billions of pairs of footwear, making $500,000—about 750 kg of gold—a year at the system's height of profitability around 1876. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2001-4) Over 120,000,000 pairs were tallied on McKay's machines in 1895 alone, over half of US production. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2001-4) The legal arrangements were partially handled by Gardiner Greene Hubbard (/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard) , [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatten_&_al.192617-5) who later became the first president of the Bell Telephone Company (/wiki/Bell_Telephone_Company) . N.S. Shaler (/wiki/Nathaniel_Southgate_Shaler) , the geologist responsible for McKay's massive bequest to Harvard University (/wiki/Harvard_University) The last remaining impediment to mechanized shoe production was lasting (/wiki/Lasting_machine) , shaping the shoe leather by pulling it tightly over a form. In 1872, McKay attempted to replicate his earlier success by joining with James W. Brooks and Charles W. Glidden to form the McKay Lasting Machine Association and buying out the patents of William Wells's American Lasting Machine Company with the intention of improving them to commercial viability and then leasing the resulting machines. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWetherell2019-6) Ultimately, they spent $120,000 on their improvements [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2020-7) and, after George Copeland demonstrated a viable lasting machine at the 1876 Philadelphia World's Fair (/wiki/Centennial_Exposition) , [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWetherell2019-6) another $130,000 attempting to sue him for patent infringement. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2020-7) They further absorbed Henry G. Thompson's company, becoming the McKay and Thompson Lasting Machine Association. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWetherell2019-6) For his part, Copeland had spent $100,000 on his own efforts and then $170,000 on the litigation. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWetherell2019-6) Ultimately McKay won but, seeking the best possible machine, promptly combined with Copeland's firm as the McKay and Copeland Lasting Machine Association in 1881. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWetherell2019-6) They were able to market an automated lasting machine (/wiki/Automated_lasting_machine) but it was limited to heavy work and useless for the pointed toes then in fashion or for women's shoes in thin leather, which still made up the bulk of sales. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2020-7) When the Surinamese-American (/wiki/Surinamese-American) immigrant (/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States) Jan Ernst Matzeliger (/wiki/Jan_Ernst_Matzeliger) finally solved the problem with his own machine in 1883 and then developed a commercially viable prototype in 1885, McKay swiftly bought out the resulting company, creating the Consolidated McKay Lasting Machine Company. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2020-7) In 1899, this merged with the McKay Shoe Machinery Company, the Goodyear (/w/index.php?title=Charles_Goodyear_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1) Shoe Machinery Company, and a few smaller manufacturers to create the United Shoe Machinery Corporation (/wiki/United_Shoe_Machinery_Corporation) , which then dominated American shoemaking for decades. By this time, living near Harvard Square (/wiki/Harvard_Square) , [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) McKay had become close friends with Nathaniel Southgate Shaler (/wiki/Nathaniel_Southgate_Shaler) , the geology (/wiki/Geology) professor at Harvard University (/wiki/Harvard_University) . Shaler became dean of Harvards's Lawrence Scientific School (now the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences) ) in 1891. In 1893, McKay placed an initial $4 million in trust for Harvard to provide for its later endowment. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) Gordon McKay died at his home in Newport, Rhode Island (/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island) on October 19, 1903. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlobeObit1903-2) He was buried at Pittsfield Cemetery (/wiki/Pittsfield_Cemetery) . [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlobeBurial1903-8) Legacy [ edit ] Indian Mound Cottage (/wiki/Rockefeller_Cottage) in 2011 McKay built Indian Mound Cottage (/wiki/Rockefeller_Cottage) on Jekyll Island (/wiki/Jekyll_Island) , Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)) , in 1892. After his death, it was sold to William Rockefeller (/wiki/William_Rockefeller) in 1905 and used as his family (/wiki/Rockefeller_family) 's winter home during the early 20th century. In his will (/wiki/Last_will) , McKay left much of his estate to Harvard University (/wiki/Harvard_University) out of his desire to train well-educated engineers and his appreciation for Shaler's investment advice regarding investment in a Montana (/wiki/Montana) gold mine. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) The terms of the will read in part: "I direct that the salaries attached to the professorships maintained from the Endowment be kept liberal, generation after generation, according to the standards of each successive generation, to the end that these professorships may always be attractive to able men and that their effect may be to raise, in some judicious measure, the general scale of compensation for the teachers of the universities." [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) The professorships he endowed are within Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences) . The full transfer of the principal was delayed 36 years until 1949, however, because of life trusts (/wiki/Life_trust) he separately established for his second exwife [a] (#cite_note-9) Minnie Treat, "the prettiest and sweetest young lady the world has produced" [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) and the 36-year-younger daughter of his former housekeeper; for Minnie's two sons allegedly fathered by a Florentine (/wiki/Florence) during a period of abstinence in their relationship; [b] (#cite_note-10) for Minnie's mother and sister; and for 13 other women [c] (#cite_note-11) of no apparent relation with whom he negotiated life trusts in consideration of their love and affection, [d] (#cite_note-12) to such an extent that a neighbor complained about him as a "miserible old whore master" filling his house "with loose women under the noses of respectable people". [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) Harvard got its first million in 1909. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2001-4) By the time Harvard received the full amount, the total came to $16 million, the largest single gift received by the university up to that time and still one of the most generous when adjusted for inflation. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2001-4) The inability of Harvard to share the bequest with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology) was an important impediment to the repeated attempts of its president Charles William Eliot (/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot) to merge the two universities. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) Invested by the university, his legacy has grown to over $500,000,000 and supports 40 professorships in engineering and applied science, [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) one of the most significant monetary contributions to academic salaries. Harvard's Gordon McKay Laboratory for Applied Sciences is named for him. The university maintains his family mausoleum in gratitude. It was renovated in 2007. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESEAS2013-1) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) His first divorce in 1867 had involved "an allegedly libelous pamphlet" to which he had responded with a 30-page account of his wife's abandonment, an extensive list of his gifts to her, and complaints about her mother. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Each boy was provided $500 a year until their 21st birthday. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) ^ (#cite_ref-11) His will initially listed 11 other women, but 6 codicils (/wiki/Codicil_(will)) subsequently removed 5 from the original list and added 7 others. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) ^ (#cite_ref-12) An 1897 letter illustrates one arrangement and subsequent disagreement. "My Dear Edith, you asked me to let you know what I could do for you, and you asked me not to write you a terribly cruel note.—I'll try to do the one and avoid the other... You will remember when this commenced I asked you how much you would require a month. And your mother answered (you being present and not dissenting) $300. This was about the undertaking I thought I was engaging in." [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2007-3) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o SEAS (2013) (#CITEREFSEAS2013) . ^ Jump up to: a b GlobeObit (1903) (#CITEREFGlobeObit1903) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lewis (2007) (#CITEREFLewis2007) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Jones (2001) (#CITEREFJones2001) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatten_&_al.192617_5-0) Patten & al. (1926) (#CITEREFPatten_&_al.1926) , p. 17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Wetherell (2019) (#CITEREFWetherell2019) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Morgan (2020) (#CITEREFMorgan2020) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobeBurial1903_8-0) GlobeBurial (1903) (#CITEREFGlobeBurial1903) . Bibliography [ edit ] Gordon McKay: Patent Pending: The Founding of Practical Science at Harvard , Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts) : Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2013, archived from the original (http://www.seas.harvard.edu/about-seas/facts-history/origins/founding/gordon-mckay) on March 8, 2013 . Fallon, William P. (October 1935), The Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Industry , Evidence Study, No. 2, Washington (/wiki/Washington,_DC) : National Recovery Administration Division of Review . Jones, R. Victor (November 21, 2001), "Gordon McKay (1821-1903)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070819115331/http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/) , R. Victor Jones, Robert L. Wallace Research Professor of Applied Physics... , Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts) : Harvard University, archived from the original (https://web.archive.org/web/20070813184144/http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/mckay/mckay.html) on August 19, 2007 . Lewis, Harry R. (/wiki/Harry_R._Lewis) (September–October 2007), "Gordon McKay: Brief Life of an Inventor with a Lasting Harvard Legacy: 1821-1903" (http://harvardmagazine.com/2007/09/gordon-mckay.html) , Harvard Magazine (/wiki/Harvard_Magazine) . Morgan, Stuart (May 2020), "The Birth of the Lasting Machine" (https://www.satra.com/bulletin/article.php?id=2501) , SATRA Bulletin , Kettering: Shoe and Allied Trade Research Association, p. 38 . Patten, William; et al. (1926), Pioneering the Telephone in Canada , Montreal: Herald Press . Wetherell, Chris T. (January 12, 2019), "The Matzeliger Lasting Machine" (http://www.ct-williams.com/blog/2019/1/12/the-matzeliger-lasting-machine) , Shoe Blog , Carver (/wiki/Carver,_Massachusetts) : CTW Photography . "Peaceful End: Gordon McKay Dies at His Newport Home" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-peaceful-end-gordon-mc/128031832/) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . Newport, Rhode Island. October 19, 1903. pp. 1, 8 (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-peaceful-end-gordon-mc/128031932/) . Retrieved July 11, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. "Tomb is Small: McKay Mausoleum Must be Altered" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-tomb-is-small-mckay-ma/128032434/) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . October 23, 1903. p. 8 . Retrieved July 11, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Camera_Nazionale_della_Moda_Italiana) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Camera+Nazionale+della+Moda+Italiana%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Camera+Nazionale+della+Moda+Italiana%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Camera+Nazionale+della+Moda+Italiana%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Camera+Nazionale+della+Moda+Italiana%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Camera+Nazionale+della+Moda+Italiana%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Camera+Nazionale+della+Moda+Italiana%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana Italian Fashion Council [1] (#cite_note-1) or National Chamber for Italian Fashion [2] (#cite_note-2) Abbreviation CNMI Nickname Camera della Moda Formation 1953 Purpose Promotion, coordination of the Italian fashion industry and the training of young Italian designers. Location Via Gerolamo Morone n. 6. Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy Website cameramoda.it (http://cameramoda.it) Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana (often translated to National Chamber for Italian Fashion or Italian Fashion Council in English (/wiki/English_language) ) is a non-profit organization (/wiki/Non-profit_organization) , whose purpose is the promotion, coordination of the Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) industry and the training of young Italian designers (/wiki/Designers) . It is most well known for being the organizer of Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , one of the big five global fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) alongside New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , and Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo_Fashion_Week) . History [ edit ] Camera della Moda can trace its roots to the founding of Sindacato Italiano Alta Moda (/w/index.php?title=Sindacato_Italiano_Alta_Moda&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1953 by Sorelle Fontana (/wiki/Sorelle_Fontana) , Simonetta Colonna di Cesarò (/wiki/Simonetta_Colonna_di_Cesar%C3%B2) , Vincenzo Ferdinandi (/wiki/Vincenzo_Ferdinandi) , Jole Veneziani (/wiki/Jole_Veneziani) , Alberto Fabiani (/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Fabiani&action=edit&redlink=1) , Giovannelli-Sciarra (/w/index.php?title=Giovannelli-Sciarra&action=edit&redlink=1) , Mingolini-Gugenheim (/w/index.php?title=Mingolini-Gugenheim&action=edit&redlink=1) , Eleonora Garnett (/w/index.php?title=Eleonora_Garnett&action=edit&redlink=1) , among others. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) It is based in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Via Gerolamo Morone n. 6. It currently represents more than 200 companies (/wiki/Companies) operating in various sectors: clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) , leather goods (/wiki/Leather_goods) , footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , distribution (/wiki/Distribution_(business)) . Noted Italian fashion designer Loris Abate (/wiki/Loris_Abate) served as president of the group from 1985 to 1991. [5] (#cite_note-5) Giuseppe "Beppe" Modenese (/w/index.php?title=Beppe_Modenese&action=edit&redlink=1) served as honorary president until his death on November 21, 2020. [6] (#cite_note-6) Mario Boselli (/w/index.php?title=Mario_Boselli&action=edit&redlink=1) , a former president, is now honorary president with Carlo Capasa (/wiki/Carlo_Capasa) serving as president. Structure [ edit ] The governing bodies of the National Chamber of Italian Fashion are the Board of Directors (/wiki/Board_of_Directors) and the Management (/wiki/Management) Committee. The Board is composed of a number of members ranging from eleven to eighteen. It has the power to the ordinary and extraordinary management of the association. The Presidential Committee consists of the President and four Vice-Presidents of the Executive Council. It deals with the ordinary and in the urgent cases it could substitute the Executive Council. Activities [ edit ] One of the key activities that is organized by the chamber is the fashion event to promote the Italian fashion. Chief among its activities is the Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , which was established in 1958. [7] (#cite_note-7) It is one of the world's big five fashion weeks alongside New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , and Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo_Fashion_Week) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-RCA-9) See also [ edit ] British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_couture) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/milan-fashion-week-2024-schedule-120512453.html (https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/milan-fashion-week-2024-schedule-120512453.html) ^ (#cite_ref-2) https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/5-of-the-most-famous-fashion-events-in-the-world (https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/5-of-the-most-famous-fashion-events-in-the-world) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Andrea Merlotti (2013). "I percorsi della moda" (http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/i-percorsi-della-moda-made-in-italy_(Il-Contributo-italiano-alla-storia-del-Pensiero:-Tecnica)/) . Treccani . Retrieved 7 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Myword.it - Il portale dell'intrattenimento" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070804103941/http://dellamoda.it/dizionario_della_moda/s/sindacato_italiano_alta_moda.php) . Archived from the original (http://dellamoda.it/dizionario_della_moda/s/sindacato_italiano_alta_moda.php) on 4 August 2007 . Retrieved 11 September 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "L'ultimo saluto a Loris Abate Riposerà a Vetulonia - Cronaca - lanazione.it" (https://www.lanazione.it/grosseto/cronaca/l-ultimo-saluto-a-loris-abate-riposerà-a-vetulonia-1.5779013) . La Nazione (in Italian). 2020-12-04 . Retrieved 2022-06-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bauzano, Gian Luca (2020-11-22). "Morto Beppe Modenese, il "Primo Ministro della moda italiana" (https://www.corriere.it/moda/20_novembre_22/morto-beppe-modenese-primo-ministro-moda-italiana-f93f81a6-2c58-11eb-b3be-93c88ba49aa1.shtml) " (https://www.corriere.it/moda/20_novembre_22/morto-beppe-modenese-primo-ministro-moda-italiana-f93f81a6-2c58-11eb-b3be-93c88ba49aa1.shtml) . Corriere della Sera (in Italian) . Retrieved 2023-12-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "A Brief History Of Milan Fashion Week" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/history-of-milan-fashion-week) . British Vogue . 2019-09-18 . Retrieved 2023-12-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Santosa, Olly G. "5 of the Most Famous Fashion Events in the World" (https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/5-of-the-most-famous-fashion-events-in-the-world) . Tatler Asia (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2023-12-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-RCA_9-0) "Fashioning the City: Exploring Fashion Cultures, Structures and Systems" (http://fashioningthecity.wordpress.com/call-for-papers/) . Royal College of Art. 27 January 2012 . Retrieved 2 May 2014 . This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion designers from Lithuania (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_Lithuania) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Lithuania portal (/wiki/Portal:Lithuania) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐gvqvr Cached time: 20240720214441 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.100 seconds Real time usage: 0.142 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 146/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4257/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 473/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2243/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.061/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1235077/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 124.673 1 -total 67.14% 83.707 1 Template:Commons_category 65.38% 81.508 1 Template:Sister_project 63.06% 78.613 1 Template:Side_box 32.71% 40.780 1 Template:Portal 5.21% 6.498 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38210191-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720214441 and revision id 921935825. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Lithuanian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Lithuanian_women_fashion_designers) ‎ (2 P) Pages in category "Lithuanian fashion designers" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . H Lena Himmelstein (/wiki/Lena_Himmelstein) J Stanislovas Jančiukas (/wiki/Stanislovas_Jan%C4%8Diukas) K Zita Kreivytė (/wiki/Zita_Kreivyt%C4%97) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Lithuanian_fashion_designers&oldid=921935825 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Lithuanian_fashion_designers&oldid=921935825) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Lithuanian designers (/wiki/Category:Lithuanian_designers) Lithuanian fashion (/wiki/Category:Lithuanian_fashion) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)

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