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Form of tourism about shopping in various clothing stores This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fashion_tourism) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Fashion_tourism) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article's lead section (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section) may be too long . Please read the length guidelines (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length) and help move details into the article's body (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_tourism&action=edit) . ( October 2014 ) A major contributor to this article (Author quoted in first report and is a consultant) appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Fashion_tourism) . ( October 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Fashion accessories for sale in Petaling Street (/wiki/Petaling_Street) , Malaysia. Fashion tourism is a niche market segment evolved out of three major sectors: Creative Tourism, Cultural Tourism (/wiki/Cultural_tourism) and Shopping Tourism. Fashion Tourism can be defined as “the interaction between Destination Marketing Organizations (/wiki/Destination_marketing_organization) (DMOs), trade associations, tourism suppliers and host communities, with people travelling to and visiting a particular place for business or leisure to enjoy, experiment, discover, study, trade, communicate about and consume fashion (/wiki/Fashion) .” [1] (#cite_note-janmiller-1) International cities are increasingly using the cultural industries for the development of tourism and other industries to boost their economic fortune and to position themselves in the global market. There is often no need for cities to specialize in any new activity but rather to diversify their economy and it is in this context that fashion tourism has been adopted and promoted in cities such as Antwerp, [2] (#cite_note-visitantwerpen-2) London, [3] (#cite_note-FashionCityInsider-3) and Tokyo. [4] (#cite_note-tokyofashion-4) Fashion is a global industry and many capital cities have press-grabbing trade activity at least twice a year, e.g. London through its London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , and this is often the starting point for many DMOs to take fashion seriously as a new anchor for their tourism industry and visitor economy. They are consciously pushing fashion week trade events into the public eye to raise their city's fashionable credentials and encourage visitors to consider travel to their city. In 2023 Kogan Page published a critically acclaimed book which covers fashion tourism and shopping travel, "Leading Travel and Tourism Retail", which researched in depth the fashion tourism post-COVID. Prime movers [ edit ] London (via the Mayor of London's office) and New York (via the New York City Economic Development Corporation (/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation) ) government offices have been leading the way internationally to use their fashion credentials to attract visitors to their cities and wider. Other cities also following suit having seen the economic impact which London and New York's fashion credentials can bring. Seoul now has two fashion weeks, and riding on the reputation of these, the city now has a vast complex of shopping malls and wholesale retailers which attract more than two million visitors per year, including just about half of all the tourists who come to Seoul. [5] (#cite_note-travel.cnn.com-5) Singapore also has a fashion week and the Singapore Tourism Board (/wiki/Singapore_Tourism_Board) includes fashion as one of the high-profile component for enhancing the city's destination attractiveness. [6] (#cite_note-6) Even a city as obscure as Lagos, Nigeria, (in terms of fashion credentials) has recently commissioned the Central University of Applied Sciences to prepare a report titled ‘The Emerging Role of Fashion Tourism and The Need for a Development Strategy’ [7] (#cite_note-7) so that they could assess the advantages fashion could bring to their local and regional economy. Shopping as a tourism motivator [ edit ] Shopping has become a motive to travel and is now a major tourist activity. Visitors are increasingly choosing shopping as a way to experience local culture through an engagement with local products and local craftspeople, and some destinations provide special tourist shopping activities for tourists to shop for goods. [8] (#cite_note-8) As a niche market segment within shopping tourism, the economic importance of fashion tourism cannot be under-estimated. The recently launched Bicester (/wiki/Bicester) designer shopping village, an hours train journey out of London is now the third largest shopping destination in the UK after Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) and Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) , and the Bicester train station has signage in Mandarin and Arabic. [5] (#cite_note-travel.cnn.com-5) Individual fashion brands also play a major part in fashion tourism marketing. VisitBritain (/wiki/VisitBritain) , the UK's tourism board, recently stated that the luxury clothing brand Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) has almost played a lone hand in attracting lucrative high-spending Chinese tourists to the UK. [9] (#cite_note-9) According to the tourism statistical data of the U.S. Office of Travel and Tourism Industries on tourism performance, shopping ranked as the top participation activity for Asians (90%), Western Europeans (86%), and Eastern European tourists (85%). Detailed profiles for countries of origin show that shopping is on the top among all other tourist activities for the European countries of Ireland (93%), Spain (82%), and Italy (79%). Asian shopping participation percentages are particularly high in Taiwan (93%) and Japan (92%). [10] (#cite_note-10) There are increasing incentives to travel for economic reasons, as purchasing power (/wiki/Purchasing_power) and currency fluctuations can play an important role in travel decision making, as well as relative price positioning. There is a trend within shopping tourism for consumers from emerging markets (/wiki/Emerging_markets) , notably China and South America, to plan their trips according to where fashion handbags are cheapest. Up to 50% of sales of luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) in Western Europe are generated by foreigners and global travel generates as much as 30% of total sales of luxury goods. [11] (#cite_note-blogs.ft.com-11) The queues of non-Parisians outside Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) clearly mean something, but according to an HSBC (/wiki/HSBC) report ‘The Bling Dynasty’, [12] (#cite_note-12) this is less about status (the chic of buying from the point of origin) than economic intelligence (the savings involved). This isn't limited to luxury products. Brazil has overtaken the UK as the source of the largest group of tourists to Florida and New York, and they spend close to twice as much as British tourists on products, partly because they can make savings of up to 70% on US merchandise compared to its cost in Brazil.. The nature of shopping tourism is certainly changing: “It’s not about souvenirs - it’s about savings”. [11] (#cite_note-blogs.ft.com-11) In 2023 Kogan Page published a critically acclaimed book which covers fashion tourism and shopping travel, "Leading Travel and Tourism Retail", which researched in depth the fashion tourism post-COVID. See also [ edit ] Fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-janmiller_1-0) "Jan Miller Consultancy" (http://www.janmiller.co) . janmiller.co . Retrieved 2014-08-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-visitantwerpen_2-0) "Visit Antwerpen – Official tourism portal of Antwerp Tourism & Convention" (http://www.visitantwerpen.be/Bezoekerssite-EN/Visitors/to-do/to-do-exploring-the-city/to-do-exploring-the-city-with-a-guide/guided-tours-by-theme-(groups)/walks-by-theme-(groups)-fashion--lifestyle-city.html) . visitantwerpen.be . Retrieved 2014-08-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-FashionCityInsider_3-0) "Fashion City Insider" (http://www.FashionCityInsider.com) . FashionCityInsider.com . Retrieved 2014-08-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-tokyofashion_4-0) "Tokyo Fashion Map - TokyoFashion.com" (http://tokyofashion.com/fashion-map/) . tokyofashion.com . Retrieved 2014-08-25 . ^ Jump up to: a b "CNN Travel | Global Destinations, Tips & Video" (https://www.cnn.com/travel) . CNN . Retrieved 2022-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Singapore Tourism Board: Annual report 12/13; http://www.stb.gov.sg/htm/STBAnnualReport/STB_AR12-13/pdf/stb_ar_2013.pdf (http://www.stb.gov.sg/htm/STBAnnualReport/STB_AR12-13/pdf/stb_ar_2013.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-7) The Emerging Role of Fashion Tourism and The Need for a Development Strategy in Lagos Nigeria, Olubukola Bada, Central University of Applied Sciences, June 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Conciergeetcetera.com, Fashion Tourism – The Ultimate Epicure of Travel, June 26, 2013Culture, shopping, Tourism ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Chinese tourists can help UK out of recession, says British tourist board" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/oct/10/chinese-tourists-uk-shopping-recession) . the Guardian . 2012-10-10 . Retrieved 2022-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) wilson tom (2012-04-08). "Shopping Tourism" (https://www.slideshare.net/wilsontom/shopping-tourism) . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ Jump up to: a b "Financial Times" (https://www.ft.com/) . www.ft.com . Retrieved 2022-11-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Naidu-Ghelani, Rajeshni (2013-04-03). "China's Bling Shoppers Choose Asia Over Europe" (https://www.cnbc.com/id/100611573) . www.cnbc.com . Retrieved 2022-11-22 . v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) 19th century (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) 21st century (/wiki/21st_century_in_fashion) Events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion show 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Italian fashion company This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bottega_Giotti) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Bottega Giotti" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bottega+Giotti%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bottega+Giotti%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bottega+Giotti%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bottega+Giotti%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bottega+Giotti%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bottega+Giotti%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Bottega Giotti Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1950 ; 74 years ago ( 1950 ) Headquarters Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Area served Worldwide Products Leather goods Owner Mario Biagiotti Bottega Giotti store in Florence, Italy Creating an "Intrecciato" bag Bottega Giotti is a Florence (/wiki/Florence) -based fashion company that specializes in intrecciato (woven) leather jackets, bags (/wiki/Bag) and small leather goods. Started by a local artisan in the beginning of the 20th century, it grew into an international company headquartered in Lenzi Palace in the center of Florence. The company was founded and is still owned and managed by the Biagotti family. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] 20th century [ edit ] The family tradition started with Attilio Biagiotti who owned a leather workshop located behind Piazza Pitti. After the second world war in 1950 Gino together with his son Mario, due to the arrival in Florence of numerous tourists from all over the world, decided to re-open the Bottega Giotti store in the Lenzi Palace. 21st century [ edit ] The company is run by the owner Mario Biagiotti along with his daughter Alessandra, designer of the Bottega Giotti collection and his son Paolo. In the beginning of the 2000s Bottega Giotti started exporting leather goods to the United States for online sales. Export further grew to other European countries followed by opening of stores in Taipei (/wiki/Taipei) and soon-to-be-open Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) boutique in 2014. Due to increased sales Bottega Giotti moved production from Tuscany (/wiki/Tuscany) to a large factory in the Marche (/wiki/Marche) region of Italy. Products [ edit ] Bottega Giotti has gained significant popularity for featherlight woven intrecciato leather goods, even though plain leather bags are offered as well. Currently the company produces leather bags, accessories, evening bags, briefcases, wallets, belts and leather coats and jackets for men and women (some lined in fur). References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "history" (https://www.bottegagiotti.com/en/history/www.bottegagiotti.com/en/history/) . Algilà . Retrieved 2022-03-09 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Bottega Giotti, a Story of Family and Talents" (https://bottegagiotti.com/it/bottega-giotti-una-storia-di-famiglia-e-talenti/) . Bottega Giotti . Retrieved 2024-05-08 . External links [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Bottega Giotti Website (http://www.bottegagiotti.com) Luxury Bags & Watches (https://www.luxyboutiques.com/) Men's Leather Duffle Bags (https://www.vintageleather.com.au/blogs/vintage-leather-sydney/leather-duffle-bag-for-men) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5cff68b999‐lj6lc Cached time: 20240709023923 Cache expiry: 1977639 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.308 seconds Real time usage: 0.728 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1594/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22295/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1576/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11338/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.200/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5578356/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 377.277 1 -total 23.82% 89.865 1 Template:Infobox_company 21.95% 82.815 2 Template:Cite_web 21.26% 80.223 1 Template:Infobox 20.87% 78.745 1 Template:Short_description 20.79% 78.424 1 Template:More_citations_needed 19.33% 72.944 1 Template:Ambox 12.62% 47.621 2 Template:Pagetype 8.00% 30.190 1 Template:Portal 5.08% 19.164 7 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43795317-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709023923 and revision id 1222858924. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bottega_Giotti&oldid=1222858924 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bottega_Giotti&oldid=1222858924) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bags (fashion) (/wiki/Category:Bags_(fashion)) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Culture in Florence (/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Florence) Leather manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Leather_manufacturers) Fashion accessory brands (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessory_brands) Clothing brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy) Italian companies established in 1950 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1950) Clothing companies established in 1950 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1950) Manufacturing companies based in Florence (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Florence) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from May 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_May_2024) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from May 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2024) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references)
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Indian actress and model (born 1993) In this Indian name (/wiki/Indian_name) , the name Mohanan is a patronymic (/wiki/Patronymic) , and the person should be referred to by the given name (/wiki/Given_name) , Malavika . Malavika Mohanan Malavika in 2024 Born ( 1993-08-04 ) 4 August 1993 (age 30) Payyanur (/wiki/Payyanur) , Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) , India Alma mater Wilson College, Mumbai (/wiki/Wilson_College,_Mumbai) Occupation Actor Years active 2013–present Parent K. U. Mohanan (/wiki/K._U._Mohanan) (father) Malavika Mohanan (born 4 August 1993) is an Indian actress who works predominantly in Malayalam (/wiki/Malayalam) and Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_cinema) films. The daughter of cinematographer (/wiki/Cinematographer) K. U. Mohanan (/wiki/K._U._Mohanan) , she made her acting debut in the Malayalam film Pattam Pole (/wiki/Pattam_Pole) (2013). She gained praise for her starring role in Majid Majidi (/wiki/Majid_Majidi) 's Hindi film (/wiki/Hindi_film) Beyond the Clouds (/wiki/Beyond_the_Clouds_(2017_film)) (2017). [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) She has since played the leading lady in the Malayalam thriller film The Great Father (/wiki/The_Great_Father) (2017), and the Tamil action films Petta (/wiki/Petta_(film)) (2019) and Master (/wiki/Master_(2021_film)) (2021). Early life Malavika Mohanan was born 4 August 1993 and is the daughter of cinematographer K. U. Mohanan (/wiki/K._U._Mohanan) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) She was born [5] (#cite_note-5) in the town of Payyanur (/wiki/Payyanur) in Kannur district (/wiki/Kannur_district) of Kerala (/wiki/Kerala) and grew up in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Career 2013–2017: Early work Malavika completed a degree in Mass Media at Wilson College, Mumbai (/wiki/Wilson_College,_Mumbai) , [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) hoping to emulate her father as a cinematographer or as a director. Post her graduation, while she was contemplating taking up higher studies, she accompanied her father to a commercial shoot for a fairness cream, starring Mammootty (/wiki/Mammootty) . Mammootty subsequently enquired about Malavika's interest in acting, before offering her a role opposite his son, Dulquer Salmaan (/wiki/Dulquer_Salmaan) , in an upcoming Malayalam film. [9] (#cite_note-pp1-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) She took time to consider the proposal before passing an audition and accepting terms to star in Pattam Pole (/wiki/Pattam_Pole) (2013), and gradually learned about the process of acting as the shoot progressed. Owing to the original costume designer's illness, she also worked as her own designer for the project. [9] (#cite_note-pp1-9) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) The romantic drama film, which narrated the relationship between a Tamil Brahmin youth and a Christian girl, received mixed reviews and did not perform well at the box office. A critic from Rediff.com noted that Malavika's "peppy girl act is far from being perfect but shows promise", while the Times of India's reviewers suggested that she did a "decent job". [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) During the period, she continued having an interest in fashion, setting up an Indian ethnic fusion fashion blog called "The Scarlet Window". [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) In her second film, Nirnayakam (/wiki/Nirnayakam) (2015), she portrayed a ballet dancer, won good reviews but also met with a tepid response commercially. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Another film during the period, Naale opposite Fahadh Faasil (/wiki/Fahadh_Faasil) , saw her portray a tribal girl but was later dropped midway through production. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2016, Mohanan worked on her first Kannada film, Naanu Mattu Varalakshmi (/wiki/Naanu_Mattu_Varalakshmi) (2016) opposite a debutant Prithvi. [21] (#cite_note-21) Despite having a low-key release at the box office, the film won good reviews with Malavika's portrayal of the titular role of Varalakshmi being praised by critics. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) She then featured in the role of a police officer in the crime thriller The Great Father (/wiki/The_Great_Father) (2017), where she starred alongside an ensemble cast including Mammootty, Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) and Sneha (/wiki/Sneha_(actress)) . [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) The film opened to positive reviews and performed well at the box office. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) 2017–present: Beyond the Clouds and beyond Malavika in 2019 Malavika's breakthrough as an actress came in her Hindi (/wiki/Hindi) debut, Majid Majidi (/wiki/Majid_Majidi) 's drama film Beyond the Clouds (/wiki/Beyond_the_Clouds_(2017_film)) (2017). She played Tara, a poor girl from Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) 's Dhobi Ghat (/wiki/Dhobi_Ghat) area. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) Following her successful audition, Majidi selected her ahead of Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) and Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) for the role, which saw her portray the older sister of debutant Ishaan Khatter (/wiki/Ishaan_Khatter) . [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) She expressed her delight at working with Majidi so early in her career, especially considering that she regularly had to study and write essays on his films during her undergraduate course. [34] (#cite_note-34) For the film, she lost eight kilograms in fifteen days to film for a jail sequence, and opted not to wash her hair for several days on end to get the look of the slum dweller correct. [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) The film was screened across several international festivals, before being released worldwide in April 2018. Malavika won positive reviews for her portrayal, with Filmfare's critic stating "Malavika Mohanan is a natural in front of the camera". [37] (#cite_note-37) A reviewer from The Times of India stated she was "captivating in her honest portrayal" and "skilfully walks the fine line between passionate and melodramatic", while The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) called her "solid". [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) In mid-2018, she signed on to appear in a role in Karthik Subbaraj (/wiki/Karthik_Subbaraj) 's Petta (/wiki/Petta_(film)) (2019), which would feature her alongside an ensemble cast including Rajinikanth (/wiki/Rajinikanth) , Vijay Sethupathi (/wiki/Vijay_Sethupathi) and Nawazuddin Siddiqui (/wiki/Nawazuddin_Siddiqui) . For the film, which marked her first project in the Tamil language, Malavika hired a Tamil-speaking tutor to help her practice her lines. [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) She then went on to appear in the Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_language) action thriller (/wiki/Action_thriller) film Master (/wiki/Master_(2021_film)) (2021) alongside Vijay (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) , in which she played the role of Charulatha, a college lecturer. The film was a commercial success, and became the highest-grossing film in her career. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) In 2022, she appeared in Maaran (/wiki/Maaran_(2022_film)) , opposite Dhanush (/wiki/Dhanush) . The film opt was released directly on Disney+ Hotstar (/wiki/Disney%2B_Hotstar) , and received negative reviews from critics and audience. She then joined the Hindi film Yudhra opposite Siddhant Chaturvedi (/wiki/Siddhant_Chaturvedi) . The film went through reshoots and has yet to have a release date announced. [45] (#cite_note-45) Her other upcoming films include Thangalaan (/wiki/Thangalaan) in Tamil, a historical action fantasy starring Vikram (/wiki/Vikram_(actor)) . It was initially slated for a January 2024 Pongal (/wiki/Pongal_(festival)) release but was delayed to 15 August for Independence Day (/wiki/Indian_Independence_Day) . She is also set to make her Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_(language)) debut in the Prabhas (/wiki/Prabhas) starrer The Raja Saab (/wiki/The_Raja_Saab) , a horror comedy. Filmography Film Key † Denotes films that have not yet been released Film Year Title Role Language Notes Ref. 2013 Pattam Pole (/wiki/Pattam_Pole) Riya Malayalam (/wiki/Malayalam) [46] (#cite_note-46) 2015 Nirnayakam (/wiki/Nirnayakam) Saral 2016 Naanu Mattu Varalakshmi (/wiki/Naanu_Mattu_Varalakshmi) Varalakshmi Kannada (/wiki/Kannada) 2017 Beyond the Clouds (/wiki/Beyond_the_Clouds_(2017_film)) Tara Hindi (/wiki/Hindi_language) [47] (#cite_note-47) The Great Father (/wiki/The_Great_Father) Meera Malayalam 2019 Petta (/wiki/Petta_(film)) Poongodi Malik Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_language) [48] (#cite_note-48) 2021 Master (/wiki/Master_(2021_film)) Charulatha [49] (#cite_note-49) 2022 Maaran (/wiki/Maaran_(2022_film)) Thara [50] (#cite_note-50) 2023 Christy (/wiki/Christy_(2023_film)) Christy Malayalam [51] (#cite_note-51) 2024 Thangalaan (/wiki/Thangalaan) † Aarathi Tamil Completed [52] (#cite_note-52) The Raja Saab (/wiki/The_Raja_Saab) † TBA Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_language) Filming [53] (#cite_note-53) TBA Yudhra † TBA Hindi Filming [54] (#cite_note-54) Television Year Title Role Platform Language Ref. 2020 Masaba Masaba (/wiki/Masaba_Masaba) Herself Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) English (/wiki/English_language) [55] (#cite_note-55) Music video Year Song Singer Note(s) Ref. 2022 "Tauba" Payal Dev (/wiki/Payal_Dev) , Badshah (/wiki/Badshah_(rapper)) Apni Dhun [56] (#cite_note-56) Awards and nominations Year Film Award Category Result Ref. 2019 Beyond the Clouds (/wiki/Beyond_the_Clouds_(2017_film)) Asiavision Awards (/wiki/Asiavision_Awards) Acting sensation of the year Won [57] (#cite_note-57) 2022 Master (/wiki/Master_(2021_film)) SIIMA Awards (/wiki/SIIMA_Awards) Best Debut Actress (Tamil) Nominated [58] (#cite_note-58) References ^ (#cite_ref-1) "It's a dream debut: Malavika Mohanan on her role in 'Beyond the Clouds' (https://www.connectedtoindia.com/its-a-dream-debut-malavika-mohanan-on-her-role-in-beyond-the-clouds-3920.html) " (https://www.connectedtoindia.com/its-a-dream-debut-malavika-mohanan-on-her-role-in-beyond-the-clouds-3920.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Seema Sinha (17 April 2018). "Malavika Mohanan on Beyond The Clouds: 'Majid Majidi took me to creative spaces I hadn't gone to before' (https://web.archive.org/web/20181224073954/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/malavika-mohanan-on-beyond-the-clouds-majid-majidi-took-me-to-creative-spaces-i-hadnt-gone-to-before-4434603.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20181224073954/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/malavika-mohanan-on-beyond-the-clouds-majid-majidi-took-me-to-creative-spaces-i-hadnt-gone-to-before-4434603.html) . Firstpost.com. Archived from the original (https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/malavika-mohanan-on-beyond-the-clouds-majid-majidi-took-me-to-creative-spaces-i-hadnt-gone-to-before-4434603.html) on 24 December 2018 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Happy birthday Malavika Mohanan: Here are 10 best pictures of the Petta actor" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/happy-birthday-malavika-mohanan-here-are-10-best-pictures-of-petta-actor/story-eJfHKyzjkbywMiRflUav7M.html) . Hindustan Times . 4 August 2020 . Retrieved 29 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Birthday Special! Malavika Mohanan left us swooning with her scintillating looks (PHOTOS)" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/birthday-special-malavika-mohanan-left-us-swooning-with-her-scintillating-looks-photos/photostory/77332081.cms) . The Times of India . 4 August 2020 . Retrieved 29 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "മാളവിക മോഹനന്റെ കിടിലൻ ഹോട്ട് ഗ്ലാമറസ് ചിത്രങ്ങൾ കാണാം" (https://www.actressphotosnews.com/malavika-mohanan-height-biography-age-boyfriend-family-movies-list/) . 28 March 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Desk, Entertainment (4 January 2022). "Malavika mohanan note photos about personal life and movie career" (https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/malavika-mohanan-note-photos-about-personal-life-and-movie-career-600991/) . The Indian Express (in Malayalam) . Retrieved 30 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Wilson College - Notable Alumni" (https://wilsoncollege.edu/Alumi.html) . Wilson College (/wiki/Wilson_College,_Mumbai) . Retrieved 10 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "5 Things you didn't know about Malavika Mohanan who has replaced Deepika Padukone in Majid Majidi's film" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-malavika-mohanan-who-has-replaced-deepika-padukone-in-majid-majidis-film/articleshow/57664362.cms) . The Times of India . 16 March 2017 . Retrieved 25 May 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nagarajan, Saraswathy (23 October 2013). "Malavika Mohan: a breath of fresh air in Mollywood" (https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/malavika-mohan-a-breath-of-fresh-air-in-mollywood/article5264977.ece) . The Hindu . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Dulquer Salmaan and Archana Kavi in Pattam Pole" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130414125045/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-11/news-and-interviews/38434758_1_pattam-pole-dulquer-salmaan-archana-kavi) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 28 December 2015. Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-11/news-and-interviews/38434758_1_pattam-pole-dulquer-salmaan-archana-kavi) on 14 April 2013 . Retrieved 16 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Alagappan: Pattam Pole is an out an out commercial film - Rediff.com Movies" (https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-slide-show-1-alagappan-pattam-pole-is-an-out-an-out-commercial-film/20131009.htm#4) . Rediff.com . 9 October 2013 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) George, Vijay (22 August 2013). "Romance and after" (https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/romance-and-after/article5048576.ece) . The Hindu . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Review: Pattam Pole is old wine in new bottle - Rediff.com Movies" (https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-pattam-pole-is-old-wine-in-new-bottle/20131014.htm) . Rediff.com . 14 October 2013 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Pattom Pole Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Pattom Pole by Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/pattom-pole/movie-review/24096986.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The Scarlet Window" (https://thescarletwindow.tumblr.com/about) . Thescarletwindow.tumblr.com . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Malavika Mohanan: 5 Things you didn't know about Malavika Mohanan who has replaced Deepika Padukone in Majid Majidi's film" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-malavika-mohanan-who-has-replaced-deepika-padukone-in-majid-majidis-film/articleshow/57664362.cms) . The Times of India . 16 March 2017 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Nirnayakam Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Nirnayakam by Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/nirnayakam/movie-review/47571972.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) George, Vijay (1 January 2015). "On location: The bonds that matter" (https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/on-location-the-bonds-that-matter/article6742010.ece) . The Hindu . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Review : Nirnaayakam (2015)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150610053610/http://www.sify.com/movies/nirnaayakam-review-malayalam-pghm2Vfbieihe.html) . Sify (/wiki/Sify) . 7 June 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.sify.com/movies/nirnaayakam-review-malayalam-pghm2Vfbieihe.html) on 10 June 2015 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Two roles, poles apart" (https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/161016/two-roles-poles-apart.html) . Deccan Chronicle . 15 October 2016 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Gubbi's new film named Naanu Mattu Varalakshmi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190408161859/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/preetham-gubbi-naanu-mattu-varalakshmi/articleshow/49219002.cms) . Bangalore Mirror . 4 October 2015. Archived from the original (https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/preetham-gubbi-naanu-mattu-varalakshmi/articleshow/49219002.cms) on 8 April 2019 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Naanu Mathu Varalakshmi Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Naanu Mathu Varalakshmi" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/naanu-mathu-varalakshmi/movie-review/56152198.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Review: Naanu Mattu Varalakshmi gets to high octane racing after a slow start" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2016/dec/24/review-naanu-mattu-varalakshmi-gets-to-high-octane-racing-after-a-slow-start-1552458.html) . The New Indian Express . 24 December 2016 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Soman, Deep (2 October 2016). "the great father: Malavika Mohanan turns stylish cop for The Great Father" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/Malavika-Mohanan-turns-stylish-cop-for-The-Great-Father/articleshow/54626881.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Malavika: Dulquer's heroine then, Mammootty's co-star now | Malavika Mohanan | Mammootty | The Great Father | Malayalam" (https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/malavika-mohanan-mammootty-the-great-father-august-cinemas.html) . English.manoramaonline.com. 28 September 2016 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "The Great Father Review {3/5}: The movie is worth your money for its daddy-daughter moments and a timely plot" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/the-great-father/movie-review/57914462.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Mammootty's 'The Great Father' is the biggest hit of 2017 so far" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190527005348/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mammootty-s-great-father-biggest-hit-2017-so-far-60966) . The News Minute. 25 April 2017. Archived from the original (https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mammootty-s-great-father-biggest-hit-2017-so-far-60966) on 27 May 2019 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Review : The Great Father review: Strictly for Mammootty die-hard fans (2017)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181224073856/http://www.sify.com/movies/the-great-father-review-strictly-for-mammootty-die-hard-fans-review-malayalam-rd5jhhgbafabh.html) . Sify (/wiki/Sify) . 31 March 2017. Archived from the original (http://www.sify.com/movies/the-great-father-review-strictly-for-mammootty-die-hard-fans-review-malayalam-rd5jhhgbafabh.html) on 24 December 2018 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) FC, Team (6 April 2018). "Ishaan Khatter and Malavika Mohanan On Working With Majid Majidi And Preparing For Stardom" (https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/ishaan-khatter-interview-debut-movie-beyond-the-clouds-majid-majidi-malvika-mohanan-anupama-chopra) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Why you must know who Malavika Mohanan is - Rediff.com Movies" (https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/why-you-must-know-who-malavika-mohanan-is/20170317.htm) . Rediff.com . 20 March 2017 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Malavika Mohanan replaces Deepika Padukone" (https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/150317/malavika-mohanan-replaces-deepika-padukone.html) . Deccan Chronicle . 14 March 2017 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Honoured to have competed with Deepika, Kangana for Beyond the Clouds: Malavika Mohanan" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/beyond-the-clouds-malavika-mohanan-5142575/) . The Indian Express . 18 April 2018 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Meet the girl who stole the show from Dippy" (http://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/150317/meet-the-girl-who-stole-the-show-from-dippy.html) . Asianage.com. 15 March 2017 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Dani, Arti Dani (17 April 2018). "Want to be the torchbearer of change: Malavika Mohanan" (https://www.khaleejtimes.com/20180417/Want-to-be-the-torchbearer-of-change:-Malavika-Mohanan) . Khaleej Times . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "The lengths to which Malavika Mohanan went to film Beyond The Clouds" (https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/the-lengths-to-which-malavika-mohanan-went-to-film-beyond-the-clouds/217985) . Times Now . 16 April 2018 . Retrieved 14 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Garima Kapil – Senior Writer (14 April 2018). "It's a dream debut: Malavika Mohanan on her role in 'Beyond the Clouds' (https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074125/https://www.connectedtoindia.com/its-a-dream-debut-malavika-mohanan-on-her-role-in-beyond-the-clouds-3920.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074125/https://www.connectedtoindia.com/its-a-dream-debut-malavika-mohanan-on-her-role-in-beyond-the-clouds-3920.html) . Connected To India. Archived from the original (https://www.connectedtoindia.com/its-a-dream-debut-malavika-mohanan-on-her-role-in-beyond-the-clouds-3920.html) on 24 December 2018 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Movie Review: Beyond The Clouds" (https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/movie-review-beyond-the-clouds-27738.html) . filmfare.com . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Beyond The Clouds Review {3.5/5}: As Right As Rain" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/beyond-the-clouds/movie-review/63818575.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Kenny, Glenn (19 April 2018). "Review: In 'Beyond the Clouds,' a Brother and Sister Struggle in Mumbai - The New York Times" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/movies/beyond-the-clouds-review.html?referrer=google_kp) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/beyond-clouds-1077106) 'Beyond the Clouds' Review" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/beyond-clouds-1077106) . The Hollywood Reporter . 22 January 2018 . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) LAkshmi, V (22 October 2018). "Rajini sir is an absolute delight to work with: Malavika Mohanan" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajini-sir-is-an-absolute-delight-to-work-with-malavika-mohanan/articleshow/66316817.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Sharma, Riya (10 November 2018). "Malavika Mohanan: Couldn't get up from my chair when I met Shah Rukh Khan for the first time" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/malavika-mohanan-couldnt-get-up-from-my-chair-when-i-met-shah-rukh-khan-for-the-first-time/articleshow/66557457.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 24 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "When I think of Vijay sir, the word 'dhairyam' comes to mind: Malavika Mohanan on 'Master' (https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-i-think-of-vijay-sir-the-word-dhairyam-comes-to-mind-malavika-mohanan-on-master/article33550181.ece/amp/) " (https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-i-think-of-vijay-sir-the-word-dhairyam-comes-to-mind-malavika-mohanan-on-master/article33550181.ece/amp/) . The Hindu . 11 January 2021 . Retrieved 16 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) " (https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-master-box-office-collection-vijay-vijay-sethupathi-lokesh-kanagaraj-film-makes-it-to-top-10-tamil-grossers-2875568/amp) 'Master' Box Office Collection: Vijay-Vijay Sethupathi starrer makes it to top 10 Tamil grossers" (https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-master-box-office-collection-vijay-vijay-sethupathi-lokesh-kanagaraj-film-makes-it-to-top-10-tamil-grossers-2875568/amp) . DNA India. 16 February 2021 . Retrieved 16 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Siddhant Chaturvedi and Malvika Mohanan's Yudhra went through reshoots, to FINALLY release soon: Exclusive!" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/siddhant-chaturvedi-and-malvika-mohanans-yudhra-went-through-reshoots-to-finally-release-soon-exclusive/articleshow/108644936.cms) . Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) . 20 March 2024 . Retrieved 15 July 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Did you know Malavika Mohanan designed her own costume for Pattam Pole?" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-malavika-mohanan-designed-her-own-costume-for-pattam-pole/articleshow/82523478.cms) . The Times of India . 10 May 2021 . Retrieved 8 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) IANS (14 March 2017). "Malayalam actor Malavika Mohanan to play leading lady in Majid Majidi's Beyond The Clouds" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/malayalam-actor-malavika-mohanan-to-play-leading-lady-in-majid-majidi-beyond-the-clouds-4568316/) . The Indian Express . Retrieved 8 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Malavika to romance Rajinikanth in his film with Karthik Subbaraj" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-to-romance-rajinikanths-film-with-karthik-subbaraj/articleshow/65440209.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 18 August 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180906084711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/malavika-to-romance-rajinikanths-film-with-karthik-subbaraj/articleshow/65440209.cms) from the original on 6 September 2018 . Retrieved 12 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Malavika Mohanan joins Thalapathy 64" (https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malavika-mohanan-joins-vijay-vijay-sethupathis-thalapathy-64-109880) . The News Minute (/wiki/The_News_Minute) . 2 October 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191010112844/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malavika-mohanan-joins-vijay-vijay-sethupathis-thalapathy-64-109880) from the original on 10 October 2019 . Retrieved 4 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "தனுஷ் - கார்த்திக் நரேன் இணையும் படத்தின் தலைப்பு 'மாறன்' (https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/newsview/110976/The-43rd-film-starring-Dhanush-is-titled-Maran) " (https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/newsview/110976/The-43rd-film-starring-Dhanush-is-titled-Maran) . Puthiyathalaimurai (in Tamil). 28 July 2021 . Retrieved 28 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Malavika Mohanan, Mathew Thomas film titled Christy" (https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/dec/15/malavika-mohanan-mathew-thomas-film-titled-christy-37761.html) . Cinema Express (/wiki/Cinema_Express) . 15 December 2022 . Retrieved 21 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Thangalaan: Malavika Mohanan Shares Powerful First Glimpse of Her Character Aarathi on Her 30th Birthday! (View Pic)" (https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/south/thangalaan-malavika-mohanan-shares-powerful-first-glimpse-of-her-character-aarathi-on-her-30th-birthday-view-pic-5317098.html) . LatestLY . 4 August 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230923053812/https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/south/thangalaan-malavika-mohanan-shares-powerful-first-glimpse-of-her-character-aarathi-on-her-30th-birthday-view-pic-5317098.html) from the original on 23 September 2023 . Retrieved 1 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Story of Prabhas' 'The Raja Saab' revealed? Director Maruthi reacts to leaked plot" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/story-of-prabhas-the-raja-saab-revealed-director-maruthi-reacts-to-leaked-plot-malvika-mohanan-january-15-2490309-2024-01-18) . India Today . 18 January 2024 . Retrieved 1 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Malavika Mohanan joins D43: Excited to be sharing screen space with Dhanush" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/malavika-mohanan-joins-d43-excited-to-be-sharing-screen-space-with-dhanush-6912514/) . The Indian Express (/wiki/The_Indian_Express) . 1 November 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211230140206/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/malavika-mohanan-joins-d43-excited-to-be-sharing-screen-space-with-dhanush-6912514/) from the original on 30 December 2021 . Retrieved 30 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Srivastava, Soumya (13 August 2020). "Masaba Gupta's Masaba Masaba to premiere on Netflix on August 28" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/masaba-gupta-s-masaba-masaba-to-premiere-on-netflix-on-august-28/story-EpxVhSgYTUY3KJWwW49rlJ.html) . Hindustan Times . Retrieved 15 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Malavika Mohanan Looks Smoking Hot In This All-Black Avatar" (https://www.news18.com/news/movies/malavika-mohanan-looks-smoking-hot-in-this-all-black-avatar-5449477.html) . News18 . 27 June 2022 . Retrieved 4 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) "Log into Facebook" (https://m.facebook.com/Bollywood.Film.Fame.Canada.Magazine/posts/malavika-mohanan-won-the-acting-sensation-of-the-year-award-at-asiavision-awards/2322011637844190/) – via Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Cite uses generic title ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-58) "SIIMA 2022: Check full list of winners" (https://www.deccanherald.com/dh-galleries/photos/siima-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-1144404#1) . Deccan Herald . 19 September 2022 . Retrieved 24 December 2022 . External links Malavika Mohanan (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6017002/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Malavika Mohanan (https://x.com/malavikam_) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Films (/wiki/Portal:Films) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Malavika Mohanan at Wikipedia's sister projects : Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Malavika_Mohanan) from Commons Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21070415) from Wikidata NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐qnkdn Cached time: 20240719050549 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.637 seconds Real time usage: 0.807 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4631/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 125916/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2650/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 224104/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.404/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7859525/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 733.309 1 -total 43.10% 316.075 1 Template:Reflist 20.19% 148.064 24 Template:Cite_web 17.19% 126.030 1 Template:Infobox_person 16.66% 122.137 33 Template:Cite_news 10.21% 74.899 1 Template:Subject_bar 9.02% 66.155 1 Template:Short_description 5.25% 38.464 2 Template:Pagetype 5.14% 37.688 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 4.42% 32.418 1 Template:Pp Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43812326-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719050549 and revision id 1235039652. 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Annual international trade show in Nigeria Lagos Fashion Week Genre Fashion catwalk shows and surrounding events Frequency Annually Location(s) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos) , Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) Inaugurated 2011 Founder Omoyemi Akerele (/wiki/Omoyemi_Akerele) Organised by Style House Files Website https://lagosfashionweek.ng (https://lagosfashionweek.ng) Lagos Fashion Week (LagosFW) is an annual multi-day clothing trade show that takes place in Lagos, Nigeria (/wiki/Lagos) . It was founded in 2011 by Omoyemi Akerele (/wiki/Omoyemi_Akerele) and it is Africa’s largest fashion event drawing considerable media attention, nationally and internationally. [1] (#cite_note-1) It showcases over 60 Nigerian and African fashion designers to a global audience of more than 40.000 retailers, media and consumers. It has helped propel African designers and fashion brands, such as Orange Culture, Lisa Folawiyo (/wiki/Lisa_Folawiyo) and Christie Brown to international recognition. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] Lagos Fashion Week was founded in 2011 by Omoyemi Akerele (/wiki/Omoyemi_Akerele) and is produced by fashion business development agency (/wiki/Aid_agency) Style House Files. [5] (#cite_note-5) The event aims to give the Nigerian and African fashion industry international recognition, by bringing together media, buyers, manufacturers and consumers. As a leading fashion event on the international fashion calendar, Lagos Fashion Week includes runway shows, showroom presentations and an online platform LagosFW Digital. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Lagos Fashion Week also hosts a number of initiatives, talk series and competitions including Woven Threads, [8] (#cite_note-8) Fashion Focus Africa, Fashion Business Series, Green Access and the Visual Makers Fellowship. Lagos Fashion Week has worked with international fashion weeks to give African brands the opportunity to showcase, and collaborated with the British Council (/wiki/British_Council) , London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) (/wiki/Nigerian_Export_Promotion_Council) and Pitti Immagine (/wiki/Pitti_Immagine) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) The 2011 inaugural event was hosted in Lagos and presented more than 40 designers including Lisa Folawiyo (/wiki/Lisa_Folawiyo) , Nkwo, Maki Oh and Bridget Awosika. In the same year, The Fashion Focus Fund (formerly Young Designer of The Year) was established as an annual competition aimed at developing the next generation of emerging Nigerian fashion talent. [11] (#cite_note-11) The year-long incubator programme was created to assist designers in establishing the right structure and practices to facilitate scalability, sustainability and business growth. Past beneficiaries include Orange Culture, IAMISIGO, Kenneth Ize, Emmy Kasbit and Ejiro Amos Tafiri. Heineken (/wiki/Heineken) Nigeria has since 2015 been the official title sponsor of Lagos Fashion Week. [12] (#cite_note-12) In the same year, the competition and runway show Green Access was established to raise awareness amongst Nigerian students of the need to make sustainable choices in the fashion industry. In 2017, founder Omoyemi Akerele (/wiki/Omoyemi_Akerele) was on the advisory committee for exhibition Items: Is Fashion Modern? at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) . The exhibition featured African designers including Loza Maleombho and African textiles including Kente (/wiki/Kente_cloth) , African inspired textiles like real Dutch wax (/wiki/African_wax_prints) , and Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) from Lagos. Akerele also spoke about the global impact of African fashion at the accompanying MoMA Live conference. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2019 the event received more than 30 designers from all over the world. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Woven Threads initiative was launched focusing on driving the industry towards a circular fashion economy in Africa. A talk series and physical showroom have addressed how the continent can embrace traditional textiles, waste management and the role technology plays in a new creative and sustainable fashion industry. Expert sessions have included Orsola De Castro (/wiki/Orsola_de_Castro) , Bandana Tewari, Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) , Jumoke Oduwole, Nike Ogunlesi, Sarah Diouf and Yegwa Ukpo. Sponsored by Heineken, a Design Challenge gave designers the opportunity to engage with the creative community from home, celebrating innovative and sustainable design in Africa. In 2021, Omoyemi Akerele (/wiki/Omoyemi_Akerele) was named Zero Oil Ambassador for Nigeria by the CEO of the Nigerian Export Promotion Council & President ECOWAS TPO Network, Mr Olusegun Awolowo, and given a five hundred million Naira grant to support thirty Nigerian brands in the fashion industry. [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2022, runway footage from Lagos Fashion Week was featured in the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) ’s exhibition Africa Fashion and several African designers, photographers and creatives were exhibited. [16] (#cite_note-16) Akerele gave the keynote address at the private view and was an advisor to the curatorial team. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Designers [ edit ] (left) Rema (/wiki/Rema_(musician)) and Spinall (/wiki/Spinall) (right) modeled for Tokyo James The runway show schedule has presented a number of designers including: [20] (#cite_note-20) Andrea Iyamah Anyango Mpinga Assian Awa Meite Bloke Bridget Awosika Chiip O Neal Christie Brown CLAN Cynthia Abila Deola DNA by Iconic Invanity DZYN Ejiro Amos Tafiri Eki Silk Elie Kuame Emmy Kasbit Fruche Gozel Green Haute Baso House of Kaya IAMISIGO Idma Nof Imad Eduso Jermiane Bleu JZO Kelechi Odu Kiki Kamanu Kiko Romeo Laduma by Maxhosa Lagos Space Programme Larry Jay Lisa Folawiyo (/wiki/Lisa_Folawiyo) Loza Maleombho Mai Atafo Maki Oh Maxivive Meena Moofa Moshions Nao.Li.La Niuku Nkwo Odio Mimonet Onalaja Orange Culture Post Imperial Rich Mnisi Rick Dusi Selly Raby Kane Sindiso Khumalo Sisiano Studio 189 Style Temple Sunny Rose TJWHo Tongoro Tokyo James Tsemaye Binitie Ugo Monye Washington Roberts See also [ edit ] Nigeria portal (/wiki/Portal:Nigeria) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events#Africa) Fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Momentum. Lagos Fashion and Design Week" (https://system-magazine.com/issues/issue-18/lagos-fashion-design-week-interview-omoyemi-akerele) . system-magazine.com . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Omoyemi Akerele: The Woman Behind Lagos Fashion Week" (https://guardian.ng/life/omoyemi-akerele-the-woman-behind-lagos-fashion-week/) . The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News . 18 March 2018 . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Okoroafor, Thia (27 October 2015). "Interview: As LFDW 2015 begins, Omoyemi Akerele talks about the future of fashion on the continent" (https://venturesafrica.com/interview-as-lfdw-2015-begins-omoyemi-akerele-talks-about-the-future-of-fashion-on-the-continent/) . Ventures Africa . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "One On One With Omoyemi Akerele – Elle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180913075104/https://www.elle.co.za/omoyemi-akerele/) . 13 September 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.elle.co.za/omoyemi-akerele/) on 13 September 2018 . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Projects" (https://stylehousefiles.com/projects/) . Style House Files . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Digital Shows" (https://lagosfashionweek.ng/2021-digital-shows) . Lagos Fashion Week . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Lagos Fashion Week" (https://lagosfashionweek.ng/blog) . Lagos Fashion Week . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Woven Thread III" (https://lagosfashionweek.ng/woven-thread-iii) . Lagos Fashion Week . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Lagos Fashion & Design Week / British Council Fashion Focus | British Council" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140827044417/http://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/programmes/arts/lagos-fashion-design-week-british-council-fashion-focus) . 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014 . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown) ) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "African Prints With a Dose of Céline: What This Nigerian Fashion Trailblazer Wears to Work" (https://www.vogue.com/article/omoyemi-akerele-lagos-nigeria-9-to-5-nigerian-fashion-week-style) . Vogue . 26 May 2016 . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Fashion Focus Fund 2020: Fund Recipients Revealed - Haute Fashion Africa (HFA)" (https://hautefashionafrica.com/fashion-focus-fund-2020-fund-recipients-revealed/) . Haute Fashion Africa . 25 July 2020 . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "About" (https://lagosfashionweek.ng/about) . Lagos Fashion Week . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Items: Is Fashion Modern? | A Salon | MoMA LIVE , retrieved 22 July 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-14) "About" (https://lagosfashionweek.ng/about) . Lagos Fashion Week . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Style, BellaNaija (2 November 2021). "ICYMI: Omoyemi Akerele Appointed As Zero Oil Ambassador for Nigeria" (https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/11/omoyemi-akerele-is-the-newly-appointed-zero-oil-ambassador-for-nigeria/) . BellaNaija . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "V&A · Africa Fashion - Exhibition at South Kensington" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/exhibitions/africa-fashion) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Smith, Kedean (21 June 2022). "Africa fashion V&A exhibition: first look" (https://www.stylist.co.uk/fashion/africa-fashion-exhibition/673319) . Stylist . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Dazed (1 July 2022). "Inside the exhibition celebrating African fashion" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/56466/1/africa-fashion-victoria-albert-exhibition-thebe-magugu-kenneth-ize-show) . Dazed . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Kemp-Habib, Alice. "Africa Fashion: the new blockbuster exhibition at the V&A" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/africa-fashion-the-new-blockbuster-exhibition-at-the-v-amp-a-8dqf706t2) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0140-0460 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460) . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Designers" (https://lagosfashionweek.ng/designers) . Lagos Fashion Week . 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Dress worn by Australian model Red Tarvydas dress of Rebecca Twigley Artist Ruth Tarvydas (/wiki/Ruth_Tarvydas) Year 2004 ( 2004 ) Type Red Tarvydas dress The red Tarvydas dress of Rebecca Twigley was a revealing dress worn by Australian model (/wiki/Model_(person)) Rebecca Twigley (who assumed the married name Rebecca Judd (/wiki/Rebecca_Judd) in 2010), to the 2004 Brownlow Medal (/wiki/2004_Brownlow_Medal) ceremony on 20 September 2004 at the Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex (/wiki/Crown_Casino_and_Entertainment_Complex) in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia. The custom-made dress was designed by Ruth Tarvydas (/wiki/Ruth_Tarvydas) and was valued at A$ (/wiki/Australian_dollar) 2,000. [1] (#cite_note-Hellard-1) Reception [ edit ] Although Twigley's then boyfriend and future husband, Chris Judd (/wiki/Chris_Judd) , won the Brownlow Medal at that ceremony, much of the media attention focused on Twigley's dress. [2] (#cite_note-Fjeldstad-2) Twigley received more hits on Australian news website news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) than did the crowning of Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) 2004, Jennifer Hawkins (/wiki/Jennifer_Hawkins) , surpassing all previous records for a single news day. [3] (#cite_note-3) Australian Football League (/wiki/Australian_Football_League) CEO Andrew Demetriou (/wiki/Andrew_Demetriou) described Twigley as one of the 20 highlights of the 2004 AFL season. [2] (#cite_note-Fjeldstad-2) Speaking about the dress, Twigley said: "I really didn't think it would grab that much attention, but I got hounded on the red carpet. Everyone wanted an interview and pictures." [1] (#cite_note-Hellard-1) Radio presenter Jon Faine (/wiki/Jon_Faine) criticised Twigley's choice of fashion, saying that: "A lot of effort has gone in this season by football codes... to try to stop footballers looking at women as objects as nothing other than sexual desire or bits of meat and flesh... It's kind of like they are undoing all the work that was done earlier in the season." Faine's colleague Virginia Trioli (/wiki/Virginia_Trioli) disagreed, saying that "They are powerful, individual, attractive, strong women who want to look nice." [4] (#cite_note-Gold_Coast-4) Aftermath [ edit ] Twigley donated the dress to national children's charity TLC for Kids. The dress was auctioned off in October 2004, going for A$ (/wiki/Australian_dollar) 23,000. [5] (#cite_note-5) TLC later rejected the winning bid when it discovered the buyer had links to adult dating agency RedHotPie. The charity then offered the underbidders the dress, but later changed their mind because they could not guarantee media coverage for the purchaser. The dress was returned to Twigley, who donated it to Chris Judd's then football club, the West Coast Eagles (/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Following Tarvydas's death in 2014, Rebecca Judd acknowledged the dress in her tribute to the designer on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , saying "You changed my life with your red dress Ruth. RIP beautiful lady x". [7] (#cite_note-paige-7) The dress was the final gown in the Tarvydas tribute show at the Perth Fashion Festival. [8] (#cite_note-pfw-8) Even in the 2020s, the media still refers to the dress as "that dress". [9] (#cite_note-Ganska-9) [10] (#cite_note-Papain-10) [11] (#cite_note-pn_2023-09-11-11) In an article entitled "Brownlow: The show stopping and jaw dropping fashion moments" and published in 2020, Jackie Epstein of the Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) described the wearing of the "... barely there red dress that got the nation talking and kickstarted a career ..." as "... [p]erhaps the Brownlow’s most iconic moment." Epstein also claimed that by wearing the dress, "Rebecca Twigley who became Rebecca Judd etched her name into the world forever." [12] (#cite_note-n_2020-10-19-12) A different opinion was expressed by radio personality Bridget Hustwaite (/wiki/Bridget_Hustwaite) in an article in The Age (/wiki/The_Age) in 2023. Hustwaite, who had recently begun a relationship with professional footballer Oscar McDonald (/wiki/Oscar_McDonald) , was lamenting the tendency of her acquaintances and colleagues, upon being told about the new "someone", to ask "Oh, so you're a WAG (/wiki/WAGs) now?" After noting that the expression WAG, as an acronym for "wives and girlfriends" of footballers, had originated in England in the early to mid-2000s, she commented, "Locally, it was the reporting of Bec Judd’s 2004 Brownlow Medal dress that promoted WAG into the Australian vocabulary and was consequently embraced by trolls who used it to objectify women." [13] (#cite_note-ta_2023-09-15-13) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) White shift dress of Jean Shrimpton (/wiki/White_shift_dress_of_Jean_Shrimpton) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hellard, Peter (24 September 2005). "Bec steals the show". Herald Sun . p. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b Fjeldstad, Jesper; Dawe, Peter; Barich, Anthony (10 October 2004). "Rebecca wows them with another winner". Sunday Mail . p. 72. ^ (#cite_ref-3) McCann, Edwina (24 September 2004). "A dash of red goes a long way". The Australian . p. 18. ^ (#cite_ref-Gold_Coast_4-0) "Little red herring: Mixed message claim over sexy dresses". The Gold Coast Bulletin . 22 September 2004. p. 2. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Lloyd-McDonald, Holly (2 October 2004). "Stunning price for red dress". Herald Sun . p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Byrne, Fiona (8 May 2005). "Charity sale goes awry". Sunday Herald Sun . p. 127. ^ (#cite_ref-paige_7-0) Taylor, Paige (17 May 2014). "Friends baffled by death of designer Ruth Tarvydas" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/friends-baffled-by-death-of-designer-ruth-tarvydas/story-e6frg6nf-1226920726719?nk=d1f6ec154da370a5a5ec74a11344b517) . The Australian . Retrieved 18 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-pfw_8-0) Davies, Claire; Uren, Kate. "Telstra Perth Fashion Festival: Day three" (http://www.perthnow.com.au/lifestyle/perth-fashion-festival/telstra-perth-fashion-festival-day-three/story-fnj08do5-1227063403921) . Perth Now . Retrieved 17 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Ganska_9-0) Ganska, Helen (7 January 2007). "Rebecca Twigley's new TV role" (http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21598,21020105-5007222,00.html) . Sunday Times . p. 3 . Retrieved 16 January 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-Papain_10-0) Papain, Jessie (19 September 2014). "Judd pays tribute to Tarvydas" (https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/full-coverage/perth-fashion-festival-2014/a/25053532/judd-pays-tribute-to-tarvydas/) . The West Australian (/wiki/The_West_Australian) . Retrieved 21 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-pn_2023-09-11_11-0) Fenner, Rachel (11 September 2023). "West Coast Eagles Rhett Bazzo's sister Kameron has Bec Judd moment at Sandover medal in plunging yellow dress" (https://www.perthnow.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/west-coast-eagles-rhett-bazzos-sister-kameron-has-bec-judd-moment-at-sandover-medal-in-plunging-yellow-dress-c-11871800?fbclid=IwAR3FpI42C-bmzzLqLIRUbz1RWTgdC5sLzeFIX59koCWAuKZvYX6OJCMINwc) . PerthNow . Retrieved 12 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-n_2020-10-19_12-0) Epstein, Jackie (19 October 2020). "Brownlow: The show stopping and jaw dropping fashion moments" (https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/celebrity/brownlow-the-show-stopping-and-jaw-dropping-fashion-moments/news-story/d102031bb3e2badcd410fd4634a728c8) . news.com.au . Retrieved 25 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-ta_2023-09-15_13-0) Hustwaite, Bridget (15 September 2023). "When Bridget Hustwaite met her boyfriend, people kept asking her one specific question" (https://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/life-and-relationships/when-bridget-hustwaite-met-her-boyfriend-people-kept-asking-her-one-specific-question-20230904-p5e1sd.html) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Retrieved 25 September 2023 . 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Larusmiani is an Italian luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) clothing and high-end textile brand established in 1922. Background [ edit ] Larusmiani was founded in 1922 by Guglielmo Miani, a tailor catering to local artists and Italian actors. [1] (#cite_note-gq_93-1) He opened his first store in 1929. [2] (#cite_note-europeanceo_miani-2) He was the first person to import vicuña wool (/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a_wool) to Italy. [3] (#cite_note-lagazettaitaliana_jcrew-3) His son joined the shop at the age of 14, and developed a textile collection which he commercialized to French and Italian tailors. [1] (#cite_note-gq_93-1) In 1965, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh) visited a Larusmiani store in Milan, the company being the largest importer of British textiles in Italy. In 1970, Guglielmo Miani was entitled Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire) . [3] (#cite_note-lagazettaitaliana_jcrew-3) The Larusmiani Concept Boutique has been located in Milan (/wiki/Milan) on Via Montenapoleone (/wiki/Via_Montenapoleone) since 1954. [4] (#cite_note-4) [1] (#cite_note-gq_93-1) In 2007, Guglielmo Miani, grandson of the founder, was named CEO of Larusmiani. [2] (#cite_note-europeanceo_miani-2) In November 2013, Larusmiani acquired the high-end men's grooming brand G. Lorenzi to give it a second breath within the Via Montenapoleone store. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Description [ edit ] Larusmiani hires 40 master tailors, and produces and distributes more than 2 million metres of fabric a year, [2] (#cite_note-europeanceo_miani-2) created using cotton (/wiki/Cotton) , wool (/wiki/Wool) , cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) and linen (/wiki/Linen) fibres. Its logo is the larus , which is Latin (/wiki/Latin) for " seagull (/wiki/Seagull) ". [3] (#cite_note-lagazettaitaliana_jcrew-3) Larusmiani shows its collections at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Some Larusmiani-branded products are distributed by J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) . [3] (#cite_note-lagazettaitaliana_jcrew-3) See also [ edit ] Brioni (/wiki/Brioni_(fashion)) Canali (/wiki/Canali) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Ermenegildo Zegna (/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_Group) Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) Kiton (/wiki/Kiton) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Liza Corsillo, After 93 Years of Italian Luxury, Here's the10 Essentials of Larusmiani (https://www.gq.com/gallery/after-93-years-of-italian-luxury-heres-the10-essentials-of-larusmiani) , Gq.com , 22 June 2015 ^ Jump up to: a b c Guglielmo Miani (https://www.europeanceo.com/profiles/guglielmo-miani/) , Europeanceo.com , 28 March 2012 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Gabriella Mileti, J.Crew teams up with Milanese designer (http://www.lagazzettaitaliana.com/jcrew.aspx) , Lagazzetaitaliana.com , September 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Larusmiani Via Monte Napoleone, 7 (http://www.viamontenapoleone.org/eng/Inside_the_store.php?id=24) , Viamotenapoleone.org ^ (#cite_ref-5) Alessandra Turra, Larumiani will open a G. Lorenzi store within their flagship store’s basement. (http://campfire-capital.com/retail-ipo-and-acquisitions/larusmiani-acquires-g-lorenzi/) , Campfire-capital.com , 30 November 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Aldo Lorenzi reopens its shop at Larusmiani’s (https://www.collezioni.info/en/aldo-lorenzi-riapre-bottega-larusmiani/) , Collezioni.info , 3 December 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Larusmiani Men’s S/S ’15 look book (http://www.fashionising.com/lookbook/b--larusmiani-mens-ss-15-look-book-77211.html) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.larusmiani.it) v t e Fabric (/wiki/Textile) Types Woven (/wiki/Woven_fabric) Abacá cloth (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1#Textiles) (Medriñaque) Aertex (/wiki/Aertex) Armazine (/wiki/Armazine) Almerían silk (/wiki/Almer%C3%ADan_silk) Barathea (/wiki/Barathea) Barkcloth (/wiki/Barkcloth) Batiste (/wiki/Batiste) Bedford cord (/wiki/Bedford_cord) Bengaline (/wiki/Bengaline) Beta cloth (/wiki/Beta_cloth) Bombazine (/wiki/Bombazine) Brilliantine (/wiki/Brilliantine_(fabric)) Broadcloth (/wiki/Broadcloth) Buckram (/wiki/Buckram) Bunting (/wiki/Bunting_(textile)) Burlap (/wiki/Hessian_fabric) Byrd Cloth (/wiki/Byrd_Cloth) C change (/wiki/C_change) Calico (/wiki/Calico) Cambric (/wiki/Cambric) Canvas (/wiki/Canvas) Chambray (/wiki/Cambric) Capilene (/wiki/Capilene) Cedar bark textile (/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile) Challis (/wiki/Challis_(fabric)) Char cloth (/wiki/Char_cloth) Charmeuse (/wiki/Charmeuse) Charvet (/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)) Cheesecloth (/wiki/Cheesecloth) Chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) Chino (/wiki/Chino_cloth) Chintz (/wiki/Chintz) Cloqué (/wiki/Cloqu%C3%A9) Cloth of gold (/wiki/Cloth_of_gold) Cordura (/wiki/Cordura) Corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) Cotton duck (/wiki/Cotton_duck) Coutil (/wiki/Coutil) Crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) Cretonne (/wiki/Cretonne) Denim (/wiki/Denim) Dimity (/wiki/Dimity) Donegal tweed (/wiki/Donegal_tweed) Dornix (/wiki/Dornix) Dowlas (/wiki/Dowlas) Drill (/wiki/Drill_(fabric)) Drugget (/wiki/Drugget) Eolienne (/wiki/Eolienne) Flannel (/wiki/Flannel) Foulard (/wiki/Foulard) Fustian (/wiki/Fustian) Gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) Gauze (/wiki/Gauze) Gazar (/wiki/Gazar) Georgette (/wiki/Georgette_(fabric)) Ghalamkar (/wiki/Ghalamkar) Gingham (/wiki/Gingham) Grenadine (/wiki/Grenadine_(cloth)) Grenfell Cloth (/wiki/Grenfell_Cloth) Grosgrain (/wiki/Grosgrain) Habutai (/wiki/Habutai) Haircloth (/wiki/Haircloth) Harris tweed (/wiki/Harris_tweed) Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) Himroo (/wiki/Himroo) Hodden (/wiki/Hodden) Irish linen (/wiki/Irish_linen) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kerseymere (/wiki/Kerseymere) Khādī (/wiki/Kh%C4%81d%C4%AB) Khaki drill (/wiki/Khaki_drill) Kijōka-bashōfu (/wiki/Kij%C5%8Dka-bash%C5%8Dfu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) Lawn (/wiki/Lawn_cloth) Linsey-woolsey (/wiki/Linsey-woolsey) Loden (/wiki/Loden_cape) Longcloth (/wiki/Longcloth) Mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_cloth) Madapollam (/wiki/Madapollam) Madras (/wiki/Madras_(cloth)) Moleskin (/wiki/Moleskin) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nainsook (/wiki/Nainsook) Nankeen (/wiki/Nankeen) Ninon (/wiki/Ninon) Oilskin (/wiki/Oilskin) Organdy (/wiki/Organdy) Organza (/wiki/Organza) Osnaburg (/wiki/Osnaburg) Ottoman (/wiki/Ottoman_(textile)) Oxford (/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)) Paduasoy (/wiki/Paduasoy) Percale (/wiki/Percale) Perpetuana (/wiki/Perpetuana) Pongee (/wiki/Pongee) Poplin (/wiki/Poplin) Rakematiz (/wiki/Rakematiz) Rayadillo (/wiki/Rayadillo) Rep (/wiki/Rep_(fabric)) Ripstop (/wiki/Ripstop) Russell cord (/wiki/Russell_cord) Saga Nishiki (/wiki/Saga_Nishiki) Samite (/wiki/Samite) Sateen (/wiki/Sateen) Satin (/wiki/Satin) Saye (/wiki/Saye) Scarlet (/wiki/Scarlet_(cloth)) Seerhand muslin (/wiki/Seerhand_muslin) Seersucker (/wiki/Seersucker) Sendal (/wiki/Sendal) Serge (/wiki/Serge_(fabric)) Scrim (/wiki/Scrim_(material)) Shot silk (/wiki/Shot_silk) Stuff (/wiki/Stuff_(cloth)) Taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) Tais (/wiki/Tais) Tartan (/wiki/Tartan) Ticking (/wiki/Ticking) Toile (/wiki/Toile) Tucuyo (/wiki/Tucuyo) Tweed (/wiki/Tweed) Twill (/wiki/Twill) Ultrasuede (/wiki/Ultrasuede) Vegetable flannel (/wiki/Vegetable_flannel) Ventile (/wiki/Ventile) Vinyl coated polyester (/wiki/Vinyl_coated_polyester) Viyella (/wiki/Viyella) Voile (/wiki/Voile) Wadmal (/wiki/Wadmal) Waffle (/wiki/Waffle_fabric) Wigan (/wiki/Wigan_(fabric)) Whipcord (/wiki/Whipcord) Zephyr (/wiki/Zephyr_cloth) Zorbeez (/wiki/Zorbeez) Figured woven Brocade (/wiki/Brocade) Camlet (/wiki/Camlet) Damask (/wiki/Damask) Lampas (/wiki/Lampas) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Rinzu (/wiki/Rinzu) Pile woven (/wiki/Pile_(textile)) Baize (/wiki/Baize) Chenille (/wiki/Chenille_fabric) Corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) Crimplene (/wiki/Crimplene) Fustian (/wiki/Fustian) Mockado (/wiki/Mockado) Moquette (/wiki/Moquette) Plush (/wiki/Plush) Polar fleece (/wiki/Polar_fleece) Terrycloth (/wiki/Terrycloth) Velours du Kasaï (/wiki/Velours_du_Kasa%C3%AF) Velvet (/wiki/Velvet) Velveteen (/wiki/Velveteen) Zibeline (/wiki/Zibeline) Nonwoven (/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric) Felt (/wiki/Felt) Cedar bark (/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile) Knitted (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) Boiled wool (/wiki/Boiled_wool) Coolmax (/wiki/Coolmax) Machine knitting (/wiki/Knitting_machine) Milliskin (/wiki/Milliskin) Jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) Velour (/wiki/Velour) Netted (/wiki/Net_(textile)) Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Carbon fibers (/wiki/Carbon_fibers) Lace (/wiki/Lace) Mesh (/wiki/Mesh) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Ninon (/wiki/Ninon) Tulle (/wiki/Tulle_netting) Technical (/wiki/Technical_textile) Ballistic nylon (/wiki/Ballistic_nylon) Ban-Lon (/wiki/Ban-Lon) Conductive textile (/wiki/Conductive_textile) Darlexx (/wiki/Darlexx) E-textiles (/wiki/E-textiles) Gannex (/wiki/Gannex) Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) Lenticular fabric (/wiki/Lenticular_fabric) Silnylon (/wiki/Silnylon) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Stub-tex (/wiki/Stub-tex) SympaTex (/wiki/SympaTex) Windstopper (/wiki/Windstopper) Patterns Argyle (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) Bizarre silk (/wiki/Bizarre_silk) Check (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) Chiné 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larusmiani&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐l2d6h Cached time: 20240712232414 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.286 seconds Real time usage: 0.373 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 493/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31734/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 704/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19774/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.182/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15498528/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 287.342 1 -total 67.20% 193.108 1 Template:Fabric 34.30% 98.556 7 Template:Transl 15.45% 44.387 1 Template:Reflist 11.32% 32.538 1 Template:Portal_bar 5.94% 17.054 1 Template:Italy-company-stub 5.71% 16.417 1 Template:Main_other 5.27% 15.151 1 Template:Asbox 1.44% 4.148 1 Template:Longitem 0.86% 2.479 2 Template:Pb Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43933671-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712232414 and revision id 1219646303. 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Lace made from metal or metallic threads Early bobbin lace in gold and silver thread, c. 1570. Parchment With Unfinished Needle Lace (England), 17th century (CH 18637569) Length of Lace LACMA M.67.50.25 (1 of 2) Metal lace describes a type of lace (/wiki/Lace) made from metal (/wiki/Metal_thread) or metallic threads (/wiki/Metallic_thread) , such as gold (/wiki/Gold) , silver (/wiki/Silver) , or copper (/wiki/Copper) . The designs can be worked on a textile ground, or the lace can completely be made from metallic threads. It is mainly used as an embellishment for military uniforms, fashionable, ceremonial and theatrical dress, and ecclesiastical textiles. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) Gold lace [ edit ] Lace made using gold wire has been produced since antiquity, with examples of gold netting found in Egyptian (/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt) and Assyrian (/wiki/Assyria) tombs from 1500 to 1000 BCE. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) It was mainly produced as an embellishment for religious vestments (/wiki/Vestment) and high status garments. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) Metal lace, including gold and silver point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) , was produced in Italy until the 15th century, when high taxation and sumptuary laws (/wiki/Sumptuary_law) led to textile threads such as linen replacing the use of metal. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) To avoid these costs, the production of metal lace moved to France, where a high demand by royalty and the French aristocracy led to Arras (/wiki/Arras) , Aurillac (/wiki/Aurillac) and other locations becoming renowned for gold lace production. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) From the 15th century on, most metal lace was a combination of metal and textile threads, rather than made of pure metal. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) Orris is another term for gold or silver lace, used especially in the 18th century; the term derived from Arras lace (/wiki/Arras_lace) , made in Arras (/wiki/Arras) , France. [2] (#cite_note-2) Gold lace and braiding was a popular option for military uniforms because it resisted tarnish, unlike other metal laces. [3] (#cite_note-3) Contemporary gold lace usually has a high silver percentage, which can be as high as 90%, with the actual gold content as low as 3%. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) Much modern gold (and other metal) lace is now manufactured in India. [1] (#cite_note-venable-1) Modern Indian "pure gold lace" is technically made from silver that has been electroplated (/wiki/Electroplating) with gold. [4] (#cite_note-4) Copper lace [ edit ] Lace made from copper wire was widely used in Elizabethan era (/wiki/Elizabethan_era) theatre costuming as a substitute for more expensive gold and silver laces. [5] (#cite_note-jones-5) [6] (#cite_note-jean-6) It was a major import, with several tons of copper thread being imported into England between 1594 and 1596, and at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, cost between 9 and 16 pennies an ounce. [6] (#cite_note-jean-6) It had a tendency to tarnish, and was less hard-wearing. [6] (#cite_note-jean-6) Other metals [ edit ] A type of die stamped (/wiki/Stamping_(metalworking)) metal "lace" was produced in the 19th and 20th century as a trimming for coffins. [7] (#cite_note-7) Coffin lace became a major industry in Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham) , where its manufacture in the 1860s could use up to 70 tons of tin per year. [8] (#cite_note-8) Gallery [ edit ] Pair of gloves with early bobbin lace Stomacher with goldwork France France, Strasbourg, mid-18th century, Period of Louis XV - Cap - 1919.855 - Cleveland Museum of Art Gloves, V and A Fragment of Lace LACMA M.67.50.7 Trimming (Italy), early 17th century (CH 18384469-2) Fragment (Italy), 17th century (CH 18173163-2) Length of Lace LACMA M.67.50.15 (1 of 2) Night cap MET DP159783 Cap, 17th–18th century (CH 18344921) Cap Crown (Austria), 19th century (CH 18562325) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Venable, Shannon L. (2011). Gold: a cultural encyclopedia . Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 195–196. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313384301 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Brooks Picken, Mary (2013). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern . Courier Corporation. p. 202. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780486141602 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) McChristian, Douglas C. (2007). Uniforms, arms, and equipment: the U.S. Army on the Western Frontier, 1880-1892 . Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma. p. 189. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780806137896 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Naik, Shailaja D. (1996). Traditional embroideries of India . New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. p. 144. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788170247319 . ^ (#cite_ref-jones_5-0) Jones, Ann Rosalind; Stallybrass, Peter (2000). Renaissance clothing and the materials of memory (4. print. ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 191. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780521786638 . ^ Jump up to: a b c MacIntyre, Jean (1992). Costumes and scripts in the Elizabethan theatres (1st publ. ed.). Edmonton: Univ. of Alberta Press. pp. 93–96. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780888642264 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Coffin lace" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O166257/coffin-lace-unknown/) . Search the Collections . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 28 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Page, William; Salzman, Louis Francis (1908). Doubleday, Herbert Arthur (ed.). The Victoria History of the County of Warwick: Warwickshire . A. Constable. From 60 to 70 tons of block tin were consumed annually in Birmingham in 1866 in the manufacture of coffin-lace v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐fvlwn Cached time: 20240720195326 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.444 seconds Real time usage: 0.591 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 866/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42080/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 607/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 51790/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.267/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4508794/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal_lace&oldid=1219089187 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal_lace&oldid=1219089187) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lace (/wiki/Category:Lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Italian businesswoman (born 1992) "Marzia" redirects here. For other uses, see Marzia (disambiguation) (/wiki/Marzia_(disambiguation)) . Marzia Kjellberg Kjellberg in 2014 Born Marzia Bisognin ( 1992-10-21 ) 21 October 1992 (age 31) Arzignano (/wiki/Arzignano) , Italy Occupation Businesswoman Years active 2012–present Spouse PewDiePie (/wiki/PewDiePie) ( m. 2019) Children 1 YouTube information Channel Marzia (https://www.youtube.com/@Marzia) Years active 2012–2018 Genres Vlog (/wiki/Vlog) fashion beauty (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) travel DIY (/wiki/Do_it_yourself) popular culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) shopping (/wiki/Haul_video) gaming (/wiki/Video_game_culture) Subscribers 7.23 million [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsMarzia-1) Total views 0 [a] (#cite_note-4) [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsMarzia-1) Network (/wiki/Multi-channel_network) N/A (formerly Maker Studios (/wiki/Maker_Studios) , later Re6l) Associated acts PewDiePie (/wiki/PewDiePie) Bunny Meyer (/wiki/Bunny_Meyer) Creator Awards (/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards) 100,000 subscribers 2012 1,000,000 subscribers 2013 Last updated: 31 May 2024 [4] (#cite_note-SB-YT-5) Marzia Kjellberg ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Bisognin [b] (#cite_note-6) ; born 21 October 1992) is an Italian businesswoman. Known for her videos on her now-inactive YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) channel Marzia (formerly CutiePieMarzia ), Kjellberg has also ventured into writing, fashion design, and business. She has been married to Swedish YouTuber PewDiePie (/wiki/PewDiePie) since 2019. Early life [ edit ] Kjellberg was born on 21 October 1992 in Arzignano (/wiki/Arzignano) , located in the Province of Vicenza (/wiki/Province_of_Vicenza) , Italy. [5] (#cite_note-Mutterle2014-7) Career [ edit ] 2012–2018: YouTube career [ edit ] Marzia Kjellberg (then Bisognin) created her CutiePieMarzia YouTube channel on 16 January 2012. [6] (#cite_note-8) Her videos on the platform focused on fashion, beauty, makeup, DIY (/wiki/Do_it_yourself) , books, movies, vlogs (/wiki/Vlogs) , haul (/wiki/Haul_video) , and video gaming. [7] (#cite_note-X2013-9) [8] (#cite_note-10) Kjellberg also commonly uploaded travel vlogs. [9] (#cite_note-Joyner2019-11) Although Italian, Kjellberg spoke English in her videos. Kjellberg was signed to Maker Studios (/wiki/Maker_Studios) ' sub- network (/wiki/Multi-channel_network) , The Platform. [10] (#cite_note-Spangler2013-12) By 2018, however, her e-commerce ventures would be managed by Re6l, a Toronto-based company involved with influencer media and e-commerce. [11] (#cite_note-Gutelle2018-13) Kjellberg's YouTube channel was one of the most popular in the beauty and makeup genre (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) ; in May 2014, The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) reported that it attracted over 16 million viewers each month. [12] (#cite_note-Shields2014a-14) The demographics of Kjellberg's viewers have been reported to be females aged 13–24, who use Kjellberg's videos as a reference. [5] (#cite_note-Mutterle2014-7) Kjellberg refers to her fans as "Marzipans". [13] (#cite_note-Demirgian2015-15) Kjellberg appeared on her then-boyfriend, now-husband Felix Kjellberg's (/wiki/PewDiePie) channel on various occasions. [14] (#cite_note-Griffin2019-16) Felix, better known on YouTube as "PewDiePie," uploaded videos of the two playing video games and participating in video challenges together. [14] (#cite_note-Griffin2019-16) In 2014, Kjellberg and Felix were part of an online marketing campaign for the horror film, As Above, So Below (/wiki/As_Above,_So_Below_(film)) . [15] (#cite_note-Bauckhage2014-17) While Felix's videos for the campaign involved gaming-related topics, Kjellberg's videos centered around a travel vlog angle of the couple's trip to Paris. [16] (#cite_note-Coyle2014-18) Similarly, ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) had Kjellberg, among others, promote their new TV series, Selfie (/wiki/Selfie_(TV_series)) , via a YouTube marketing campaign. [17] (#cite_note-Poggi2014-19) On 22 October 2018, Kjellberg uploaded a video to her channel announcing her retirement from her YouTube career. [18] (#cite_note-:0-20) In the video she mentioned that at a point during her YouTube career, focusing on the website kept her in a bubble that negatively affected her mental health, although she resolved to reach out to others. She ended her video explaining that she was ready for "something new in [her] life." After she uploaded her final vlog, as she decided to remove her videos; she left a comment on the vlog stating, "Having videos up, after making this decision, would have seemed like taking a step back. I've selected a few that I really liked, which I'm going to leave for a bit – for the 'adjustment' period – but taking my videos down, in my mind, needed to be done." [2] (#cite_note-Bisognin2018-2) Shortly before her announcement, her YouTube channel had accumulated over 128 million video views and just under 7.5 million subscribers. [19] (#cite_note-SocialBladeA-21) Her channel's video views previously peaked in August 2017, at around 570 million. [3] (#cite_note-SocialBladeB-3) Other activities [ edit ] Fashion and design [ edit ] Kjellberg's channel's success allowed her to start designing her own clothing. [20] (#cite_note-Trowbridge2015-22) Since March 2015, Kjellberg has launched several lines of fashion and design merchandise including nail polish shade, home decor products, and most notably clothing. [11] (#cite_note-Gutelle2018-13) In 2016, she designed "Daisy" shoes through Project Shoe. [21] (#cite_note-23) That July, she launched a product line with Zoya, a nail polish brand. [22] (#cite_note-Gutelle2016-24) In June 2017, Kjellberg launched Lemon, a clothing line paired with a fragrance. [23] (#cite_note-Klein2017-25) In a piece about fashion lines created by YouTube personalities, Tubefilter (/wiki/Tubefilter) cited comments from Michael Fink, the dean of the School of Fashion at Savannah College of Art and Design (/wiki/Savannah_College_of_Art_and_Design) , as well as celebrity stylist Allison Calhoun. Kjellberg's "Amore" clothing line was positively received by Fink, who stated "the gold zipper and heart applique of this skirt are right on trend, yet the A-line silhouette is timeless. You can't go wrong with this piece." [24] (#cite_note-Weiss2018-26) Calhoun opined that "I'm personally not crazy about the patterns, colors, or cuts but I definitely can see the customer who might be. I also want to applaud Marzia and her designs for not being as topical as the others. It seems like she's making clothes that she wants to wear without a ton of inspiration from the outside world." [24] (#cite_note-Weiss2018-26) On 1 July 2018, Kjellberg launched Maì, a jewellery, pottery, clothing and home decor brand. [25] (#cite_note-27) The Maì ceramic accents are handcrafted by Kjellberg out of her UK-based pottery studio. [26] (#cite_note-Barandy2019-28) She maintains that brand along with Tsuki Market, a unisex clothing and homeware brand that she owns with husband Felix Kjellberg. [27] (#cite_note-Weiss2019-29) Writing [ edit ] In January 2015, Kjellberg published a young adult fantasy/horror novel. [28] (#cite_note-Dream_House-30) The Italian version was published under the title La Casa Dei Sogni, while the English version was published as Dream House: A Novel by CutiePieMarzia . [29] (#cite_note-Bisognin-31) Voice acting [ edit ] Aside from creating content on her own channel, Kjellberg has been a voice actress in various animated web series. She voiced Carrie the Carrot in Oscar's Hotel for Fantastical Creatures . [30] (#cite_note-32) Kjellberg also voiced the character Maya, based on her own dog, in a six-episode animated web series titled Pugatory . [31] (#cite_note-Rody2015-33) Personal life [ edit ] She was introduced to her husband, Felix Kjellberg, better known online as PewDiePie, by her friend Daizo. She began dating Felix in 2011, after e-mailing him and stating that she found his videos funny. [32] (#cite_note-Ryall2014-34) Marzia moved to Sweden to live with him in October of that same year. Later, the couple moved to her native Italy, before settling together in Brighton (/wiki/Brighton) , England. [33] (#cite_note-Expressen1-35) [34] (#cite_note-theargus-36) [35] (#cite_note-UKresidence-37) The couple lived there with their two pugs (/wiki/Pug) , Edgar and Maya, [36] (#cite_note-Lindgvist2014-38) as well as a hedgehog named Dogy. [37] (#cite_note-39) Their relationship has been highlighted by various media outlets, [38] (#cite_note-Shields2014b-40) with The Globe and Mail (/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail) writing that her "calm personality balances out Felix's general wackiness." [39] (#cite_note-41) On 27 April 2018, Kjellberg announced on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) that Felix had proposed to her; on 20 August 2019, the couple announced on social media that they had married. [40] (#cite_note-Klein2018-42) [41] (#cite_note-Garvey2019-43) When the two lived in Brighton (/wiki/Brighton) , their house in Japan was burgled in late 2019; Kjellberg posted a statement online which included: "I know it is very materialistic, and should be happy with what I was left/have, but I can't hide the shock and sadness with all being taken away, just like that." [42] (#cite_note-Salo2019-44) In 2022, Kjellberg and Felix moved to Japan. [43] (#cite_note-General2022-45) On 5 February 2023, the couple announced that they were expecting their first child. [44] (#cite_note-46) On 11 July, they announced the birth of their son. [45] (#cite_note-Peoplemag_2023_b908-47) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) After retiring from her YouTube career in 2018, she removed her videos from public viewing, causing her channel views to decrease to zero. [2] (#cite_note-Bisognin2018-2) Her channel's video views peaked in August 2017, at around 570 million. [3] (#cite_note-SocialBladeB-3) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Italian: [ˈmartsja (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) bizoɲˈɲin] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) , Venetian: [bizoˈɲiŋ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian) References [ edit ] ^ a b "About Marzia" (https://www.youtube.com/@Marzia/about) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ a b Bisognin, Marzia (22 October 2018). Goodbye Youtube . Marzia . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181025012922/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvVOf7Mx5iM) from the original on 25 October 2018 . Retrieved 25 October 2018 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ a b "Cutiepiemarzia Monthly YouTube statistics (8 June-8 July 2018 archive)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180707115856/https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/cutiepiemarzia/monthly) . Social Blade (/wiki/Social_Blade) . 8 July 2018. Archived from the original (https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/cutiepiemarzia) on 7 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-SB-YT_5-0) "Marzia's Monthly YouTube statistics" (https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/cutiepiemarzia) . Social Blade (/wiki/Social_Blade) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181025050021/https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/cutiepiemarzia) from the original on 25 October 2018 . Retrieved 27 November 2020 . ^ a b Mutterle, Paolo (21 January 2014). "Lo stile di Marzia conquista YouTube e due milioni di fan" (http://www.ilgiornaledivicenza.it/stories/dalla_home/626340_lo_stile_di_marzia_conquista_youtube_e_due_milioni_di_fan/) . Il Giornale Di Vicenza (in Italian). Verona, Italy: Società Athesis. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141010170554/http://www.ilgiornaledivicenza.it/stories/dalla_home/626340_lo_stile_di_marzia_conquista_youtube_e_due_milioni_di_fan/) from the original on 10 October 2014 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Marzia" (https://www.youtube.com/user/CutiePieMarzia/about) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140924051028/https://www.youtube.com/user/CutiePieMarzia/about) from the original on 24 September 2014 . Retrieved 22 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-X2013_9-0) X, Ashleigh (22 June 2013). "Marzia Bisognin Interview" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130724052005/http://www.magazinesandmodels.com/2013/06/marzia-bisognin-interview.html) . Magazines and Models . Archived from the original (http://www.magazinesandmodels.com/2013/06/marzia-bisognin-interview.html) on 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 22 September 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Knorr, Caroline (11 February 2016). "What Kids Are Really Watching on YouTube" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/common-sense-media/what-kids-are-really-watc_b_9197366.html) . Huffington Post . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160424040708/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/common-sense-media/what-kids-are-really-watc_b_9197366.html) from the original on 24 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Joyner2019_11-0) Joyner, Alfred (20 August 2019). "Who is Marzia Bisognin? YouTube Star PewDiePie Weds 26-year-old after Eight Years Together: 'I'm so Lucky' (https://www.newsweek.com/marzia-bisognin-youtube-pewdiepie-wedding-1455209) " (https://www.newsweek.com/marzia-bisognin-youtube-pewdiepie-wedding-1455209) . Newsweek (/wiki/Newsweek) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200519111503/https://www.newsweek.com/marzia-bisognin-youtube-pewdiepie-wedding-1455209) from the original on 19 May 2020 . Retrieved 6 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Spangler2013_12-0) Spangler, Todd (16 August 2013). "PewDiePie Captures YouTube No. 1 Channel Spot, Topping Justin Bieber and Taylor Swift" (https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/pewdiepie-captures-youtube-no-1-channel-spot-topping-justin-bieber-and-taylor-swift-1200579720/) . Variety . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150612195731/http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/pewdiepie-captures-youtube-no-1-channel-spot-topping-justin-bieber-and-taylor-swift-1200579720/) from the original on 12 June 2015 . 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External links [ edit ] Official website (https://tsuki.market) Marzia Kjellberg 's channel (https://www.youtube.com/user/CutiePieMarzia) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_user_(identifier)) Marzia Kjellberg (https://x.com/MarziaPie) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) Marzia Kjellberg (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6521291/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) v t e PewDiePie (/wiki/PewDiePie) Videography (/wiki/PewDiePie_videography) Videos (/wiki/PewDiePie_videography) " Minecraft Multiplayer Fun (/wiki/Minecraft_Multiplayer_Fun) " (2010) Scare PewDiePie (/wiki/Scare_PewDiePie) (2016) " Bitch Lasagna (/wiki/Bitch_Lasagna) " (2018) " Congratulations (/wiki/Congratulations_(Roomie,_PewDiePie,_and_Boyinaband_song)) " (2019) Other works PewDiePie: Legend of the Brofist (/wiki/PewDiePie:_Legend_of_the_Brofist) (2015) This Book Loves You (/wiki/This_Book_Loves_You) (2015) PewDiePie's Tuber Simulator (/wiki/Tuber_Simulator) (2016) Related articles Marzia Kjellberg (wife) PewDiePie vs T-Series (/wiki/PewDiePie_vs_T-Series) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000454822405) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/184145541806696601627) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjKQdWxKRKQdJCdVGjcMKb) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2016004165) Portugal (http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1650218) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Internet (/wiki/Portal:Internet) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cb9rf Cached time: 20240719211022 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.936 seconds Real time usage: 1.157 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5878/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 130140/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8269/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 15/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 206764/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.612/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 27113349/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1077.950 1 -total 34.60% 372.974 1 Template:Infobox_person 25.75% 277.570 2 Template:Reflist 22.69% 244.632 34 Template:Cite_web 19.23% 207.320 1 Template:Infobox_youtube_personality 18.57% 200.129 1 Template:Infobox 13.45% 144.997 8 Template:Br_separated_entries 12.52% 134.964 2 Template:Efn 12.36% 133.268 1 Template:Nee 11.80% 127.172 1 Template:IPA-it Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43976522-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719211022 and revision id 1233357274. 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Minidress worn by Jean Shrimpton in 1965 White shift dress of Jean Shrimpton Ray Cranbourne's photo of Shrimpton in her shift dress Artist Jean Shrimpton/Colin Rolfe Year 1965 ( 1965 ) Type White shift dress On 1965 Derby Day (/wiki/Victoria_Derby) at Flemington Racecourse (/wiki/Flemington_Racecourse) in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia, English model Jean Shrimpton (/wiki/Jean_Shrimpton) wore a white minidress (/wiki/Minidress) that sparked controversy and was later described as a pivotal moment in women's fashion (/wiki/Fashion_industry) . The dress was made by Shrimpton's dressmaker, Colin Rolfe, and its hem was 4 in (10 cm) above the knee because he had not been supplied with enough fabric to complete their intended design. Background [ edit ] In 1962, the Victoria Racing Club (/wiki/Victoria_Racing_Club) , faced with waning crowd attendance at racing events in Victoria, Australia, added a "Fashions on the Field" competition to the program for the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival (/wiki/Melbourne_Spring_Racing_Carnival) races held at Flemington Racecourse. The competition was intended to woo female racegoers in particular. [1] (#cite_note-1) Three years later, in 1965, textile manufacturer DuPont de Nemours International (/wiki/DuPont_(1802%E2%80%932017)) engaged Jean Shrimpton, then the world's highest-paid model, [2] (#cite_note-chan-2) to travel to Australia to be a judge in the 1965 "Fashions on the Field". [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) Her fee for the two-week visit was £2,000, [ clarification needed ] equivalent to £35,690 in 2019, an enormous sum, equivalent to at least a year's wages for the average Australian man. Even the Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) had been paid only £1,500 for their tour of Australia in 1964. [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) During the four days of the 1965 Spring Carnival events at Flemington, namely Derby Day, Melbourne Cup Day (/wiki/Melbourne_Cup) , Oaks Day (/wiki/VRC_Oaks) and Stakes Day (/wiki/VRC_Stakes_day) , Shrimpton would be promoting Orlon (/wiki/Orlon) , DuPont's new acrylic fabric (/wiki/Acrylic_fiber#Textile_uses) . DuPont sent Shrimpton rolls of Orlon so that she, in conjunction with her London dressmaker, Colin Rolfe, could design a secret wardrobe for her visit. [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) It has been said that Shrimpton, more than any other model of the 1960s, can lay claim to having been the world's first supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) . [5] (#cite_note-wade-5) Her visit to Australia was highly anticipated [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) and was regarded as bringing international glamour and prestige to the Spring Carnival, which was the social and fashion event of the year. [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) It was expected that, when attending Derby Day, she would be wearing a beautiful hat and accessories, [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) including gloves and stockings—which were de rigueur (/wiki/White_tie) for the ultra-conservative Melbourne establishment. [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) The garment Shrimpton and Rolfe developed for Derby Day was a simple white shift dress (/wiki/Shift_dress) . However, DuPont had not supplied enough fabric to complete the intended design, so at Shrimpton's suggestion, Rolfe improvised, by finishing the hemline 4 in (10 cm) above the knee. Shrimpton later claimed to have told Rolfe that "nobody's going to take any notice…" [6] (#cite_note-wyllie-6) She also later told The Australian Women's Weekly (/wiki/The_Australian_Women%27s_Weekly) magazine "I always wear my day dresses above the knee." [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) Derby Day [ edit ] Derby Day was held on 30 October 1965. [7] (#cite_note-augov-7) As Shrimpton later recalled in her memoirs: [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) The day of the races was a hot one, so I didn't bother to wear any stockings. My legs were still brown from the summer, and as the dress was short it was hardly formal. I had no hat or gloves with me, for the very good reason that I owned neither. I went downstairs cheerfully from my hotel room, all regardless of what was to come. [8] (#cite_note-8) There was absolute silence in the members' lounge at Flemington when Shrimpton arrived, two hours late, accompanied by her boyfriend, Hollywood actor Terence Stamp (/wiki/Terence_Stamp) . [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) Her outfit contrasted starkly with the conservative attire of the other racegoers, and she was openly scorned by them, particularly as she was defying protocol by wearing no hat, stockings or gloves. [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) [6] (#cite_note-wyllie-6) [9] (#cite_note-byrne-9) As well as being the target of catcalls (/wiki/Catcall) from men and jeers from women, [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) she was surrounded by kneeling cameramen, all shooting upwards to make the dress look even shorter. [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) Reception [ edit ] Shrimpton's Derby Day outfit scandalised the nation, and caused a global sensation. [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) [6] (#cite_note-wyllie-6) In the following Monday's edition of The Sun News-Pictorial (/wiki/The_Sun_News-Pictorial) , a Melbourne tabloid newspaper (/wiki/Tabloid_newspaper) , the Derby and its winner were bumped from the front page by the famous photo by Ray Cranbourne. [10] (#cite_note-black-10) [2] (#cite_note-chan-2) [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) Alongside that photo was an article about Shrimpton: [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) There she was, the world's highest-paid model, snubbing the iron-clad conventions at fashionable Flemington in a dress five inches above the knee, NO hat, NO gloves, and NO stockings! The Sun News-Pictorial (/wiki/The_Sun_News-Pictorial) (Melbourne, 1 November 1965) Conservative Australia was shocked. [5] (#cite_note-wade-5) Former Lady Mayoress of Melbourne (/wiki/List_of_mayors_and_lord_mayors_of_Melbourne) , Lady Margaret Nathan, accused Shrimpton of being "a child," [10] (#cite_note-black-10) and even prominent Australian model, and columnist, Maggie Tabberer (/wiki/Maggie_Tabberer) was critical. [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) [10] (#cite_note-black-10) Radio stations and newspapers published editorials for and against the outfit, [9] (#cite_note-byrne-9) but Shrimpton defended it, reportedly saying at the time: I don't see what was wrong with the way I looked. I wouldn't have dressed differently for a race meeting anywhere in the world. [9] (#cite_note-byrne-9) The controversy quickly spread to Britain, where the press angrily defended Shrimpton, with comments such as: [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) Surrounded by sober draped silks and floral nylons, ghastly tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) hats and fur stoles (/wiki/Shawl#Stole) , she was like a petunia in an onion patch. The Evening News (/wiki/The_Evening_News_(London_newspaper)) (London, November 1965) In contrast, Australian fashion designer Zara Holt (/wiki/Zara_Holt) (whose husband Harold Holt (/wiki/Harold_Holt) became prime minister in 1966) praised Shrimpton's look, although she stated it was difficult for older women to pull off, and shared her disdain for hats. [11] (#cite_note-11) Aftermath [ edit ] 1965 ABC news (/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)) report on Derby Day All eyes were on Shrimpton on Melbourne Cup Day, 2 November 1965. Under pressure from her sponsors, she was dressed and accessorized entirely in keeping with accepted convention: a three-piece grey suit with a straw hat, beige gloves and stockings, and a brown handbag. [12] (#cite_note-bond-12) But she could not avoid further discussion of her Derby Day outfit: "I feel Melbourne isn't ready for me yet. It seems years behind London," she said. [4] (#cite_note-milesago-4) Shrimpton's appearance at Derby Day 1965 has since been described as the pivotal moment of the introduction of the miniskirt (/wiki/Miniskirt) to the international stage, although London designers such as Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) had promoted it the year before. [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) The media attention surrounding Shrimpton's Derby Day appearance has been said to be a defining moment in fashion at the races. [13] (#cite_note-woolnough-13) Designers quickly imitated the dress; according to The Age (/wiki/The_Age) in 1966, "Last year's controversial Miss Shrimpton would have passed unnoticed in the crowd this year. Anyone with hemlines below the knee looked very 'old hat'." Angela Menz, the 2011 fashion competition winner, stated that "By today's standards, Shrimpton's dress was actually quite long". [3] (#cite_note-mckenzie-3) The Derby Day dress has also had broader impact. Ray Cranbourne's famous press photo and the event it portrayed have even been the focus of serious academic analysis, in both Australia [14] (#cite_note-harrison-14) and England. [10] (#cite_note-black-10) According to the Australian analysis, Shrimpton's Derby Day appearance was the moment when a global youth culture began to shape young Australians' sense of style. [14] (#cite_note-harrison-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) A reviewer of that analysis has claimed that all the young girls wanted to be like "the Shrimp": free, cool, and elegant. [16] (#cite_note-16) In an interview published in 2009, Shrimpton was reported as accepting the blame for the Derby Day controversy. She had presumed simply that she was being asked to attend the races because of who she was rather than what she would wear. She had had no intention of upsetting the racing hierarchy but had just not been sent enough material for a longer dress. [17] (#cite_note-magee-17) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Red Tarvydas dress of Rebecca Twigley (/wiki/Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley) References [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Staff writer. "Fashions in the field" (http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/society_art/races/fashions.html) . State Library of New South Wales (/wiki/State_Library_of_New_South_Wales) . Retrieved 18 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chan, Alfred (3 November 2013). "The iconic moments that shaped the Melbourne Cup" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/features/spring-racing-carnival/the-iconic-moments-that-shaped-the-melbourne-cup/story-fnjpkgxg-1226751434313) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . Melbourne . Retrieved 18 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m McKenzie, Sheena (1 November 2012). "Melbourne Cup memories: The legs that stopped a nation" (http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/01/sport/jean-shrimpton-melbourne-cup-fashion/) . Cable News Network (/wiki/Cable_News_Network) . Retrieved 17 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Features: Jean Shrimpton in Melbourne" (http://www.milesago.com/Features/shrimpton.htm) . Milesago: Australasian popular music, pop culture and social history 1964–1975 . Retrieved 19 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Wade, Alex (30 April 2011). "The Saturday interview: Jean Shrimpton" (https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/apr/30/saturday-interview-jean-shrimpton) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 18 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Wyllie, Alice (7 November 2012). "Jean Shrimpton's impact on fashion goes further than the miniskirt" (http://www.scotsman.com/news/jean-shrimpton-s-impact-on-fashion-goes-further-than-the-miniskirt-1-2617248) . The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) . Retrieved 17 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-augov_7-0) Staff writer. "Melbourne Cup" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120321192423/http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/melbourne-cup) . Commonwealth of Australia . Archived from the original (http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/melbourne-cup) on March 21, 2012 . Retrieved October 17, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Shrimpton, Jean; Hall, Unity (1990). Jean Shrimpton: My Autobiography . London: Ebury. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0852238584 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Byrne, Fiona (27 October 2009). "Rebecca Twigley wears 'The Shrimp' Jean Shrimpton's Derby frock" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/rebecca-twigley-wears-the-shrimp-jean-shrimptons-derby-frock/story-e6freuy9-1225791493387) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)) . Sydney . Retrieved 18 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Black & Muecke 2012 (#CITEREFBlackMuecke2012) ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Mrs. Holt has flare for fashion" (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/105882999) . The Canberra Times . 20 January 1966. ^ (#cite_ref-bond_12-0) Bond, Laura (2 November 2010). "The Melbourne cup turns 150" (http://www.mindfood.com/article/the-melbourne-cup-turns-150/) . Mindfood.com . Retrieved 20 October 2014 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-woolnough_13-0) Woolnough, Damien (1 November 2011). "Style at the races" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/executive-living/fashion/style-a-winner/story-e6frg8k6-1226181889190) . The Australian (/wiki/The_Australian) . Retrieved 20 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Harrison 2005 (#CITEREFHarrison2005) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Fox, Charlie (2006). "Review of S. O'Hanlon and T. Luckins' (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223151/http://journals.publishing.monash.edu/ojs/index.php/ha/article/download/405/417) Go! Melbourne in the Sixties " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223151/http://journals.publishing.monash.edu/ojs/index.php/ha/article/download/405/417) . History Australia . 3 (2). Monash University Press: 66.1–66.2. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2104/ha060066 (https://doi.org/10.2104%2Fha060066) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 145665763 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145665763) . Archived from the original (http://journals.publishing.monash.edu/ojs/index.php/ha/article/download/405/417) on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 20 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Hughes, Juliette (21 January 2006). "Book reviews: Go! Melbourne" (http://www.theage.com.au/news/book-reviews/go-melbourne/2006/01/20/1137553756588.html) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Retrieved 20 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-magee_17-0) Magee, Antonia (28 October 2009). "Model Jean Shrimpton recollects the stir she caused on Victoria Derby Day in 1965" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/archive/news/model-jean-shrimpton-recollects-the-stir-she-caused-on-victoria-derby-day-in-1965/story-e6frf8wx-1225792003365) . Herald Sun . Retrieved 20 October 2014 . Bibliography [ edit ] Black, Prudence; Muecke, Stephen (2012). "The power of a dress: the rhetoric of a moment in fashion" (https://books.google.com/books?id=Kt7eMPaRQZgC&pg=PA218) . In Andrews, Richard (ed.). Rebirth of Rhetoric . Routledge Library Editions: Education. London: Routledge. pp. 212–227. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780415694254 . Harrison, Sylvia (2005). "Jean Shrimpton, the 'Four-inch Furore' and Perceptions of Melbourne Identity in the Sixties". In O'Hanlon, Seamus; Luckins, Tanja (eds.). Go!: Melbourne in the Sixties . Melbourne: Melbourne Publishing Group. pp. 72–86. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0975780204 . Power, Emily, ed. (2012). Fashion & Flemington: Celebrating 50 years of Fashions on the Field . Richmond, Vic.: Slattery Media Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781921778599 . 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( April 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Italian clothing brand Napapijri Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Fashion Founded 1987 ; 37 years ago ( 1987 ) Founder Giuliana Rosset Headquarters Stabio (/wiki/Stabio) , Norway Number of locations 28 (April 2022) Area served EMEA Key people Silvia Onofri (/w/index.php?title=Silvia_Onofri&action=edit&redlink=1) ( President (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) ) Christopher Raeburn (/wiki/Christopher_Raeburn_(designer)) ( Creative Director (/wiki/Creative_Director) ) Products Apparel, accessories, footwear, outerwear, travel bags Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) VF Corporation (/wiki/VF_Corporation) (2004–present) Website www (http://www.napapijri.com) .napapijri (http://www.napapijri.com) .com (http://www.napapijri.com) Napapijri is a premium lifestyle brand founded in 1987 in Aosta, Italy (/wiki/Aosta) . The brand initially gained recognition as a maker of travel bags, utilising waxed cotton canvas borrowed from military field tents. History [ edit ] Napapijri was established in 1987 by Giuliana Rosset, an Italian entrepreneur from the Aosta Valley region. After acquiring Green Sport Monte Bianco S.p.A - a small backpack company - from a Turin artisan, Rosset relocated the headquarters to Quart, where production began with approximately fifteen employees. The Bering Bag, a waxed canvas duffel bag catering to travelers, marked the debut of the Napapijri brand. In 1990, Napapijri expanded into outerwear with the introduction of the Skidoo Jacket, a lightweight, rain-proof anorak (/wiki/Parka) designed for extreme temperatures. In 1995, the launch of the Rainforest Jacket propelled Napapijri into urban fashion, establishing the brand as an iconic presence in the streetwear world. Throughout the 2000s, the brand diversified its offerings, introducing the Napapijri Kids clothing line in 2002, Napapijri footwear in 2007, and opening its first store in Chamonix, France, in 1997. The U.S.-based clothing manufacturer VF Corporation (/wiki/VF_Corporation) acquired Napapijri in 2004. In 2023 the brand has welcomed Silvia Onofri as its President, [1] (#cite_note-1) and British Designer Christopher Raeburn (/wiki/Christopher_Raeburn_(designer)) as its Creative Director. [2] (#cite_note-2) Brand [ edit ] The name Napapijri is derived from "napapiiri", the Finnish word for Arctic Circle (/wiki/Arctic_Circle) . The logo features the company's name rendered in half-positive and half-negative block letters, symbolising its connection with both outdoor and urban environments. Products [ edit ] Napapijri designs are renowned for their iconic take on outerwear and for their urban appeal. In particular, the brand's role in the transformation of the anorak jacket into a streetwear staple marks its relevance in the history of fashion design. The brand's distinct visual code includes flap pockets, diagonal neck cuts, bold colours, and the careful choice of durable premium materials. The product range extends from coats and jackets to fleeces and sweatshirts, t-shirts, trousers, bags and accessories, and shoes. Collaborations [ edit ] Napapijri has engaged in collaborations with notable figures in the fashion industry. In 2002, the brand collaborated with Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) on a special edition of its signature Skidoo jacket. Additionally, Japanese designer Yoshinori Ono (/wiki/Yoshinori_Ono_(game_producer)) created a special clothing line for Napapijri in 2010, known as the '66° 33’ Special Project,' referencing the latitude of the Arctic Circle. More recently, Napapijri has collaborated with urban lifestyle brands such as Martine Rose, [3] (#cite_note-3) Patta, [4] (#cite_note-4) Obey, Fiorucci, [5] (#cite_note-5) and Luisa Via Roma. Cultural Exploration [ edit ] Since 1987, Napapijri has been working with photographers, adventurers, environmental advocates & cultural explorers to raise awareness of environmental issues and encourage creative solutions to tomorrow's challenges. In 2008, the brand partnered with photographer/adventurer Sebastian Copeland for an exhibition titled “Antarctica: The Global Warming” at the Milan store. To this day, Napapijri continues to support expeditions to document endangered environments. In 2023 it has worked with marine advocates and conservation filmmakers Alexandra Johnston and Harriet Murphy to create “Orcas in the Arctic,” a documentary that observes the lives of orcas, their critical role in the Arctic ecosystem, and the challenges they face due to environmental changes and human impact. Environmental Initiatives [ edit ] In 2015/16, Napapijri committed to using no animal fur or down in its products, opting for eco-fur made of synthetic Kanecarbon® fibers and THERMO-FIBRE™ as an innovative insulating filling. In 2019 and 2021, the brand introduced the Circular Series, featuring the world's first 100% recyclable, 100% mono-material jackets, earning Cradle-to-Cradle Gold certification in 2021. The brand is proactively pursuing its sustainability commitment to reach 100% of materials from regenerative and responsibly sourced, renewable, or recycled sources by 2030 through four strategic pillars: circularity, durability, traceability, and better-sourced materials. Stores [ edit ] As of January 2024, the brand is present in 28 countries across Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) WW, FashionNetwork com. "Bally's Onofri appointed Brand President of VF-owned Napapijri" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Bally-s-onofri-appointed-brand-president-of-vf-owned-napapijri,1485401.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2024-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Napapijri Taps Christopher Raeburn as Global Creative Director" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/retail/napapijri-taps-christopher-raeburn-as-global-creative-director/) . The Business of Fashion . 2023-11-15 . Retrieved 2024-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Martine Rose & Napapijri Reveal '90s-Inspired FW18 Collection" (https://hypebeast.com/2018/7/martine-rose-napa-fall-winter-2018-lookbook) . Hypebeast . 2018-07-10 . Retrieved 2024-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Patta x Napa Is the Antithesis of Silent Streetwear" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/patta-napa-capsule-collection-release-information/) . Highsnobiety . 2021-09-22 . Retrieved 2024-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Daniel Fletcher Discusses Fiorucci's "Dazzling Discoteca"-Inspired Napapijri Collaboration" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/1/fiorucci-napapijri-collaboration-lookbook-exclusive-first-look-daniel-fletcher-interview) . Hypebeast . 2022-01-20 . Retrieved 2024-01-11 . 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Powered equipment for producing imitations of hand-made lace Lace machines took over the commercial manufacture of lace (/wiki/Lace) during the nineteenth century. Carrickmacross lace (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) History [ edit ] The stocking frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) was a mechanical weft-knitting knitting machine (/wiki/Knitting_machine) used in the textile (/wiki/Textile) industry. It was invented by William Lee (/wiki/William_Lee_(inventor)) of Calverton (/wiki/Calverton,_Nottinghamshire) near Nottingham (/wiki/Nottingham) in 1589. Framework knitting, was the first major stage in the mechanisation of the textile industry at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (/wiki/Industrial_Revolution) . It was adapted to knit cotton, do ribbing (/wiki/Stocking_frame#Derby_rib) and by 1800, with the introduction of dividers (divider bar) as a lace making machine. Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) machines were invented in 1808 by John Heathcoat. He studied the hand movements of a Northamptonshire (/wiki/Northamptonshire) manual lace maker and reproduced them in the roller-locker machine. The 1809 version of this machine (patent no. 3216) became known as the Old Loughborough , it was 18 inches (46 cm) wide and was designed for use with cotton. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198667-1) The Old Loughborough became the standard lacemaking machine, particularly the 1820 form known as the Circular producing two-twist plain net. The smooth, unpatterned tulle produced on these machines was on a par with real, handmade lace net. Heathcoat's bobbinet machine is so ingeniously designed that the ones used today have suffered little alteration. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198696-2) However during the next 30 years inventors were patenting improvements to their machines. The ones that stand out are the Pusher machine (/wiki/Pusher_machine) , the Levers machine (/wiki/Leavers_machine) (now spelled Leavers) and the Nottingham lace curtain machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) . Each of these developed into separate machines. Others were the Traverse Warp machine and the Straight Bolt machine. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198696-2) Time line [ edit ] 1589 – William Lee (/wiki/William_Lee_(inventor)) of Calverton (/wiki/Calverton,_Nottinghamshire) , a village some 7 miles from Nottingham, invented the stocking frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) 1768 – Josiah Crane (/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Crane&action=edit&redlink=1) invents the hand-operated warp knitting (/wiki/Warp_knitting) machine. 1791 – The Englishman Dawson (/w/index.php?title=William_Dawson_(inventor)&action=edit&redlink=1) solves the mechanization of the warp knitting machine. 1801 – Joseph Marie Jacquard (/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Jacquard) invents the Jacquard punched card loom (/wiki/Jacquard_loom) . 1808 – John Heathcoat (/wiki/John_Heathcoat) patented the bobbin net machine (/wiki/Bobbinet) in Loughborough (/wiki/Loughborough) 1813 – John Levers adapted Heathcoat's machine in Nottingham (/wiki/Nottingham) producing the Leavers machine (/wiki/Leavers_machine) (sic), which could work with a Jacquard head. 1835 – general application of pierced bars and the Jacquard apparatus [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFelkin1867356-3) 1846 – John Livesey, in Nottingham, adapts John Heathcoat's bobbinet machine into the curtain machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) 1855 – Redgate (/w/index.php?title=W._Redgate&action=edit&redlink=1) combines a circular loom with a warp knitting (/wiki/Warp_knitting) machine 1859 – Wilhelm Barfuss (/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Barfuss&action=edit&redlink=1) improves on Redgate's machine, called Raschel machines (/wiki/Warp_knitting#Raschel_knit) (named after the French actress Élisabeth Félice (/wiki/Rachel_(actress)) Rachel ). 1890s – Development of the Barmen machine (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) See also: Timeline of clothing and textiles technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Typology [ edit ] Stocking frame [ edit ] Main article: Stocking frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Stocking Frame 1820 The stocking frame, invented in 1589 by Lee (/wiki/William_Lee_(inventor)) , consisted of a stout wooden frame. It did straight knitting not tubular knitting. It had a separate needle for each loop- these were low carbon steel bearded needles where the tips were reflexed and could be depressed onto a hollow closing the loop. The needle were supported on a needle bar that passed back and forth, to and from the operator. The beards were simultaneously depressed by a presser bar . The first machine had 8 needles per inch and was suitable for worsted: The next version had 16 needles per inch and was suitable for silk. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198612,_13-4) Warp frame [ edit ] Main article: Warp knitting (/wiki/Warp_knitting) This includes the later Raschel machine (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Bobbinet [ edit ] Main article: Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Bobbinet schematic The bobbinet machine (/wiki/Bobbinet) , invented by John Heathcoat (/wiki/John_Heathcoat) in Loughborough, Leicestershire, in 1808, [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw19866-5) makes a perfect copy of Lille or East Midlands net (fond simple, a six-sided net with four sides twisted, two crossed). The machine uses flat round bobbins in carriages to pass through and round vertical threads. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell2007-6) Pusher [ edit ] Main article: Pusher machine (/wiki/Pusher_machine) In 1812 Samuel Clark and James Mart constructed a machine that was capable of working a pattern and net at the same time. A pusher operated each bobbin and carriage independently allowing almost unlimited designs and styles. The machine however was slow, delicate, costly and could produce only short "webs" of about two by four yards. [7] (#cite_note-mahin-7) The machine was modified by J. Synyer in 1829. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFelkin1867293-8) and by others before. Production had its heydays in the 1860s and ceased around 1870–1880. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986-9) Leavers [ edit ] Leavers lace machines Main article: Leavers machine (/wiki/Leavers_machine) John Levers adapted Heathcoat's Old Loughborough (/wiki/Old_Loughborough) machine while working in a garret on Derby Road Nottingham in 1813. The name of the machine was the Leavers machine (the 'a' was added to aid pronunciation in France). The original machine made net but it was discovered that the Jacquard apparatus (/wiki/Jacquard_loom) (invented in France for weaving looms by J M Jacquard in about 1800) could be adapted to it. From 1841 lace complete with pattern, net and outline could be made on the Leavers machine. The Leavers machine is probably the most versatile of all machines for making patterned lace. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell2007-6) [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107–172-10) Nottingham lace curtain machine [ edit ] Main article: Nottingham lace curtain machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Replacing the bobbins on a Nottingham lace curtain machine The lace curtain machine, invented by John Livesey in Nottingham in 1846 was another adaptation of John Heathcoat's bobbinet machine. It made the miles of curtaining which screened Victorian and later windows. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell2007-6) Barmen [ edit ] Main article: Barmen lace machine (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) The Barmen machine was developed in the 1890s in Germany from a braiding machine. Its bobbins imitate the movements of the bobbins of the hand-made lace maker and it makes perfect copies of Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) and the simpler hand-made laces. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell2007-6) It can only make one width at a time, and has a maximum width of about 120 threads. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986202–225-11) Embroidery machines [ edit ] These produce Chemical lace (/wiki/Chemical_lace) or Burnt out lace on bobbinet or dissolvable net, [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell200722-12) For instance the Heilmann of 1828, Multihead, Bonnaz, Cornely and the Schiffli embroidery machine (/wiki/Schiffli_embroidery_machine) . [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986226–260-13) Social effects [ edit ] Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) like Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) and Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) profited to a certain degree from mechanisation. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986135-14) Part lace is made in pieces or motifs, which are joined together on a ground, net or mesh, or with plaits, bars or legs. [15] (#cite_note-shepherd-15) With mechanisation, the complex motifs could be mounted on machine made net. New net based laces emerged, such as Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) and Tambour lace (/wiki/Tambour_lace) . [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986127,_132-16) By 1870, virtually every type of hand-made lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) (pillow lace, bobbin lace) had its machine-made copy. It became increasingly difficult for hand lacemakers to make a living from their work and most of the English handmade lace industry had disappeared by 1900. [17] (#cite_note-guild-17) Few were interested in tracing and curating old laces and few courses were available to keep the technique alive, until a revival in the 1960s. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198624-18) References [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198667_1-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 67. ^ Jump up to: a b Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 96. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFelkin1867356_3-0) Felkin 1867 (#CITEREFFelkin1867) , p. 356. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198612,_13_4-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 12, 13. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw19866_5-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Farrell 2007 (#CITEREFFarrell2007) . ^ (#cite_ref-mahin_7-0) Mahin, Abbie C. "Pusher Lace: An Early American Machine-Made Fabric" (https://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/articles/nb22_lac.pdf) (PDF) . The Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club . 6 (1922): 5 . Retrieved 5 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFelkin1867293_8-0) Felkin 1867 (#CITEREFFelkin1867) , p. 293. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986_9-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107–172_10-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 107–172. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986202–225_11-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 202–225. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrell200722_12-0) Farrell 2007 (#CITEREFFarrell2007) , p. 22. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986226–260_13-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 226–260. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986135_14-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 135. ^ (#cite_ref-shepherd_15-0) Rosemary Shepherd. "Lace Classification System" (http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/pdf/research/classification.pdf) (PDF) . Powerhouse Museum, Sydney . Retrieved 2 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986127,_132_16-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 127, 132. ^ (#cite_ref-guild_17-0) "The Craft of Lacemaking" (https://www.laceguild.org/a-brief-history-of-lace) . LaceGuild.org . Retrieved 26 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198624_18-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 24. Bibliography [ edit ] Earnshaw, Pat (1985). The Identification of lace . De Bild:Cantecleer. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9021302179 . Earnshaw, Pat (1986). Lace Machines and Machine Laces . Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0713446846 . Farrell, Jeremy (2007). "Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace" (http://www.dressandtextilespecialists.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lace-Booklet.pdf) (PDF) . DATS (Dress and Textile Specialists) in partnership with the V&A. Felkin, William. A history of the machine-wrought hosiery and lace manufacturies . Longmans, G.Keen, and co. 1867. Rosatto, Vittoria (1948). Leavers Lace:A Handbook of the American Leavers Lace Industry (PDF) . Providence, RI: American Lace Manufacturers Association . Retrieved 8 December 2016 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Lacemaking machines (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lacemaking_machines) at Wikimedia Commons v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐7shqg Cached time: 20240719051332 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.646 seconds Real time usage: 0.817 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2117/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 48708/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2276/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41497/5000000 bytes 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Early form of lace Ornate Greek Lace pattern Greek lace is considered one of the earliest forms of all lace. Some types of Greek lace include reticella (/wiki/Reticella) , Roman lace, cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) , Venetian guipure, and Greek point lace [1] (#cite_note-bob-1) History [ edit ] Greek lace was first made from 1480 to 1620, the designs being always a rigid geometrical type. Greek Lace was used in large quantities for the decoration of ecclesiastical vestments and cere cloths. The earliest types of Greek lace were created by straight lines buttoned over in repetition. In the beginning, Greek lace specimens were primarily formed in the simplest type of geometrical outlines. Originally, this lace was made from a tracing on parchment and then woven on a cushion in order to create the ornate pattern. As time passed and the process developed, greater variety of geometrical designs were created and shown in the lace. Patterns became more full, and the bars more ornate. The complex designs of the Greek lace were always formal and often arranged with excellent artistic effect. Geometrical outlines such as circles and triangles were slowly added to the lace to enhance its dimensions. The Ionian Islands (/wiki/Ionian_Islands) are recognized as being the home to the creation of the Greek lace. [1] (#cite_note-bob-1) Reticella was mentioned in the Sforza Inventory in 1493, which spread the idea and technique even further. Other countries like Germany, France, Spain, Flanders, and England all made only a very limited extent of the Greek Lace, but it eventually was mocked and imitated, creating more types of lace. [1] (#cite_note-bob-1) However, Greek lace became popular outside of the main manufacturing countries. Etymology [ edit ] Between the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the term Greek lace may have originated from the time when the Ionian Islands were in the possession of the Venetian Republic. A true lace is created when a thread is looped, braided, or twisted to other threads independently from a fabric in one of 3 ways: (1) with a needle, when the work is distinctively known as “needlepoint lace” (2) with bobbins, pins on a pillow (/wiki/Lace_pillow) or cushion, when the work is known as ‘pillow lace” (3) by machinery. Originally, lace was made with linen, silk, gold, or silver threads, but now lace is often made with cotton thread. [2] (#cite_note-2) There is no evidence to prove that Greek Lace was ever produced for commercial purposes in Greece. It is speculated that the term may have originated between the 15th and 18th century, when the Ionian Islands were under the rule of the Venetian Republic. Modern uses [ edit ] In modern day, Greek lace, or Reticella, is generally considered a furniture lace. Greek Lace is also used as decoration rather than clothing. Authentic Greek lace is now predominantly made in Italy. Modern Greek lace is made with flax thread only, rather than the silk that was originally used. [1] (#cite_note-bob-1) Mass production of lace is also common. While it is not authentic, the patterns often have resemblance to the geometric structures of Greek lace. Modern popular uses for lace are primarily for decoration and wedding attire. Due to its popularity, it became very widespread around the world and was modified to create other types of lace, modernly known as imitations. [1] (#cite_note-bob-1) Distinguishing Greek lace [ edit ] Since Greek lace is one of the earliest form of needle lace, there are many different variations that are difficult to distinguish. One of the biggest differentiations between different types of old Greek lace is whether it is “Italian or Flemish.” However, specimens have shown that there are no standard differences between the two. [3] (#cite_note-Chats_On_Old_Lace_and_Needlework-3) Very early Greek lace can be identified by lace trimmings. [4] (#cite_note-4) Authentic Greek lace is identified by the procedure of buttoning over the thread in specific patterns and can ideally be distinguished from others. [3] (#cite_note-Chats_On_Old_Lace_and_Needlework-3) When Greek lace is made by machine, it is made entirely differently. It is either woven, where two threads are used, or embroidered, when a pattern is embroidered onto something that is later removed. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Jackson, Emily (1900). A history of hand-made lace . pp. 163 (https://archive.org/details/historyofhandmad1900jack/page/163) , 140, 194. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Herschel, Julia (1870). A Handbook of Greek Lace Making . London: Forgotten Books. ^ Jump up to: a b Lowes, Emily (July 24, 2008). Chats On Old Lace and Needlework . ^ (#cite_ref-4) The Upholsterer (48 ed.). ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Laces" (https://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/monographs/wi_lace.pdf) (PDF) . University of Arizona . Retrieved 5 November 2014 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐q8jf7 Cached time: 20240721030947 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.260 seconds Real time usage: 0.340 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 641/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34165/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 422/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26585/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.166/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4182425/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 285.496 1 -total 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Machine for making torchon and bobbin-type laces and braids Barmen machine lace The Barmen lace machine makes perfect copies of torchon lace (/wiki/Torchon_lace) and the simpler hand-made bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) . Its bobbins imitate the movements of the bobbins (/wiki/Bobbin) of the hand-made lace maker. [1] (#cite_note-VandAlaceid-1) History [ edit ] The Barmen machine was developed in the 1890s in the Prussian city of Barmen (/wiki/Barmen) , now part of Wuppertal (/wiki/Wuppertal) , Germany, from a braiding machine. The Barmen laces were derived from solid braids later pieced with openwork. [2] (#cite_note-earnshaw-2) Design of machine [ edit ] Barmen lace machine, showing its workings A. Spindle set in top plate B. Yarn threaded up to mandrill C. Beater dome C1. Beater knives D. Mandrill (variable settings) E. Finished Lace F. Jacquard G. Pulley for drive belt H. Hand wheel K. Beater cams L. Take-up rolls M. Handle to engage drive belt The Barmen machine has its spindles (/wiki/Spindle_(textiles)) arranged in a circle, each one carrying a large bobbin of thread. These can pass each other, so their threads twine together in a complex way. The threads run towards the centre, where the finished lace appears, rising upwards. The machine can only make one width at a time, and has a maximum width of about 120 threads. The lace is made as a cylinder. When finished, threads are removed to allow the flat strip to appear. [2] (#cite_note-earnshaw-2) Uses [ edit ] Barmen machines can make laces, trimmings, elasticated and rigid braids, cords and ric-racs (/wiki/Rickrack) . Barmen lace is still produced in Britain by Malmic Lace Limited, in Nottingham. [3] (#cite_note-malmic-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-VandAlaceid_1-0) Jeremy Farrell (2007). "Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace" (http://www.dressandtextilespecialists.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lace-Booklet.pdf) (PDF) . DATS (Dress and Textile Specialists) in partnership with the V&A. ^ Jump up to: a b Earnshaw, Pat (1986). Lace Machines and Machine Laces . B.T. Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7134-4684-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-malmic_3-0) "Malmic Lace Limited" (http://www.malmiclace.co.uk) . Malmic Lace Limited. External links [ edit ] Media related to Barmen lacemaking machines (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barmen_lacemaking_machines) at Wikimedia Commons Video of a Barmen machine in action. Lacemaking machine (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_r1km3RW_XU) v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐8klbt Cached time: 20240720120718 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.292 seconds Real time usage: 0.414 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 632/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33959/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 900/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19941/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4177830/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 343.900 1 -total 34.14% 117.399 1 Template:Reflist 32.98% 113.416 3 Template:Navbox 32.33% 111.175 1 Template:Lace_types 27.14% 93.321 2 Template:Cite_web 20.54% 70.651 1 Template:Short_description 12.84% 44.160 2 Template:Pagetype 12.09% 41.588 1 Template:Commons_category-inline 12.07% 41.496 2 Template:Sister-inline 4.44% 15.275 2 Template:Portal-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44457829-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720120718 and revision id 1225072734. 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Canadian dancer and actress (born 1992) Nora Fatehi Fatehi in 2023 Born ( 1992-02-06 ) 6 February 1992 (age 32) Canada [a] (#cite_note-1) Occupations Dancer actress Years active 2014–present Nora Fatehi (born 6 February 1992 [1] (#cite_note-2) [2] (#cite_note-3) ) is a Canadian dancer and actress based in India. She has appeared in Hindi (/wiki/Hindi_cinema) , Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_cinema) and Malayalam (/wiki/Malayalam_cinema) films. Fatehi made her acting debut with the Hindi film Roar: Tigers of the Sundarbans (/wiki/Roar:_Tigers_of_the_Sundarbans) . [3] (#cite_note-4) [4] (#cite_note-5) Fatehi gained popularity in Telugu films for her special appearance songs in films like Temper (/wiki/Temper_(film)) , Baahubali: The Beginning (/wiki/Baahubali:_The_Beginning) and Kick 2 (/wiki/Kick_2) and has also starred in two Malayalam films, Double Barrel (/wiki/Double_Barrel_(2015_film)) and Kayamkulam Kochunni (/wiki/Kayamkulam_Kochunni_(2018_film)) . In 2015, Fatehi participated as a contestant on the reality television show Bigg Boss (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)) . In 2016, she was a participant in the reality television dance show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa) . She appeared in the Bollywood film Satyameva Jayate (/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate_(2018_film)) where she was featured in the recreated version of the song " Dilbar (/wiki/Dilbar_(song)) " [5] (#cite_note-6) and the song crossed 20 million views on YouTube in the first 24 hours of its release, making it the first Hindi song to achieve such numbers in India. She also collaborated with the Moroccan (/wiki/Morocco) hip-hop (/wiki/Hip_hop) group Fnaïre to release an Arabic (/wiki/Arabic) version of the Dilbar (/wiki/Dilbar_(song)) song. [6] (#cite_note-7) [7] (#cite_note-auto-8) In 2019, she collaborated with Tanzanian musician and songwriter Rayvanny (/wiki/Rayvanny) to release her first international English debut song Pepeta . In October 2022, she was chosen to feature in Light The Sky , a song for the 2022 FIFA World Cup (/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup) in Qatar, collaborating with artists, RedOne (/wiki/RedOne) , Manal (/wiki/Manal_(singer)) , Balqees (/wiki/Balqees_(singer)) and Rahma Riad (/wiki/Rahma_Riad) . [8] (#cite_note-9) Fatehi has since played supporting parts in Hindi films Street Dancer 3D (/wiki/Street_Dancer_3D) (2020) and Bhuj: The Pride of India (/wiki/Bhuj:_The_Pride_of_India) (2021). She has also judged television shows Dance Deewane Juniors (/wiki/Dance_Deewane_Juniors_(season_1)) and Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_10) . Early life Fatehi was born and raised in Canada, [9] (#cite_note-10) [10] (#cite_note-11) and is of Moroccan (/wiki/Moroccans) descent from her father's side. Her mother is Moroccan too. [11] (#cite_note-12) She graduated from Westview Centennial Secondary School (/wiki/Westview_Centennial_Secondary_School) in Toronto. She studied political science and international relations at York University (/wiki/York_University) . [12] (#cite_note-13) She has stated in interviews that she considers herself "an Indian at heart." [13] (#cite_note-NoraNationality-14) Career Debut and dancing roles (2014-2019) Fatehi at the trailer launch of Batla House Fatehi began her career with her debut appearance in the Hindi film (/wiki/Hindi_film) Roar: Tigers of the Sundarbans (/wiki/Roar:_Tigers_of_the_Sundarbans) . She played CJ, in her acting debut. [14] (#cite_note-15) She then ventured into Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_language) films with item number, "Ittage Recchipodham", in Puri Jagannadh (/wiki/Puri_Jagannadh) 's film Temper (/wiki/Temper_(film)) . [15] (#cite_note-16) She also made a special appearance in the film Mr. X (/wiki/Mr._X_(2015_film)) directed by Vikram Bhatt (/wiki/Vikram_Bhatt) and produced by Mahesh Bhatt (/wiki/Mahesh_Bhatt) , alongside Emraan Hashmi (/wiki/Emraan_Hashmi) and Gurmeet Choudhary (/wiki/Gurmeet_Choudhary) . Fatehi further appeared in item numbers for films such as Baahubali: The Beginning (/wiki/Baahubali:_The_Beginning) ' s song " Manohari (/wiki/Manohari_(song)) " [16] (#cite_note-17) and in Kick 2 (/wiki/Kick_2) ' s song "Kukkurukuru". [17] (#cite_note-18) In late June 2015, she signed a Telugu film Sher (/wiki/Sher_(film)) . In late August 2015, she signed a Telugu film Loafer (/wiki/Loafer_(2015_film)) which is directed by Puri Jagannadh starring opposite Varun Tej (/wiki/Varun_Tej) . She also appeared as an item number in Karthi's Bilingual film Oopiri (/wiki/Oopiri) / Thozha (/wiki/Thozha) in late November 2015. [18] (#cite_note-19) In December 2015, Fatehi entered the Bigg Boss (/wiki/Bigg_Boss) house as a wild card entrant in the ninth season (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_9) . [19] (#cite_note-20) She spent 3 weeks inside the house before getting evicted in the 12th week (Day 83). She also participated in the reality television show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_9) in 2016. She starred in the film My Birthday Song (/wiki/My_Birthday_Song) as the lead actress opposite Sanjay Suri (/wiki/Sanjay_Suri) . In February 2019, she signed a contract with the record label T-Series (/wiki/T-Series_(company)) as an exclusive artist, and will feature on their upcoming films, music videos, web series, and web films. In the same year, she appeared in Batla House (/wiki/Batla_House) , in the song "O Saki O Saki" and in Marjaavaan (/wiki/Marjaavaan) in the song "Ek Toh Kum Zindagani". Fatehi then played Suzan Vilayati Khan opposite Sunil Grover (/wiki/Sunil_Grover) , in Bharat (/wiki/Bharat_(film)) . [20] (#cite_note-21) Expansion to acting roles (2020-present) Fatehi played Mia, a dancer in the 2020 dance film (/wiki/Dance_film) Street Dancer 3D (/wiki/Street_Dancer_3D) , opposite Varun Dhawan (/wiki/Varun_Dhawan) . [21] (#cite_note-Street3D-22) On 6 March 2021, Fatehi became the first African-Arab female artiste whose song " Dilbar (/wiki/Dilbar_(song)) " crossed one billion views on YouTube. [22] (#cite_note-23) She also made her international single debut with the song "Dirty Little Secret" in collaboration with Zack Knight (/wiki/Zack_Knight) which was subsequently performed by her in the 22nd IIFA Awards (/wiki/22nd_IIFA_Awards) . [23] (#cite_note-24) [24] (#cite_note-25) [25] (#cite_note-26) In that year, she played a spy Heena in Bhuj: The Pride of India (/wiki/Bhuj:_The_Pride_of_India) , replacing Parineeti Chopra (/wiki/Parineeti_Chopra) . [26] (#cite_note-27) Fatehi in 2022 In 2022, Fatehi made appearances in the song "Manike" for the film Thank God , sung by Yohani (/wiki/Yohani) , which is a remix of the original Sri Lankan song "Manike Mange Hite". [27] (#cite_note-28) [28] (#cite_note-29) She also appeared in the song "Jehda Nasha" from the film An Action Hero (/wiki/An_Action_Hero) alongside Ayushman Khuranna (/wiki/Ayushmann_Khurrana) . [29] (#cite_note-30) [30] (#cite_note-31) In the same year she gave a performance in the closing ceremony of the 2022 FIFA World Cup (/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup) . [31] (#cite_note-32) [32] (#cite_note-33) She also took on the role of a judge in dance shows like " Dance Deewane Juniors" (season 1) (/wiki/Dance_Deewane_Juniors_(season_1)) and Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_10) alongside other judges. [33] (#cite_note-34) In 2023, she made an appearance in the song "Achha Sila Diya" alongside Rajkummar Rao (/wiki/Rajkummar_Rao) after her collaboration with him in the song "Kamariya" for the film Stree (/wiki/Stree_(2018_film)) in 2018. [34] (#cite_note-35) The song, composed and sung by B Praak (/wiki/B_Praak) with lyrics by Jaani, is a recreation of the film song "Achha Sila Diya Tune Mere Pyar Ka" which was featured in the 1995 Hindi film Bewafa Sanam (/wiki/Bewafa_Sanam) . [35] (#cite_note-36) [36] (#cite_note-37) In 2024, Fatehi took on more acting roles. She appeared as Alia, a social media influencer, in Crakk (/wiki/Crakk) opposite Vidyut Jammwal (/wiki/Vidyut_Jammwal) . [37] (#cite_note-38) The film received negative reviews and Monika Rawal Kukreja of Hindustan Times (/wiki/Hindustan_Times) stated, "Nora is used as a mere prop and even though her character arc takes the story forward, she doesn't get ample scope to perform." [38] (#cite_note-39) Fatehi next played Tasha, opposite Divyenndu (/wiki/Divyenndu) in Kunal Khemu (/wiki/Kunal_Khemu) 's directorial debut Madgaon Express (/wiki/Madgaon_Express) . [39] (#cite_note-40) Mayur Sanap from Rediff.com (/wiki/Rediff.com) noted, "For a change, Nora Fatehi gets a legit role to play and she is suitably affable." [40] (#cite_note-41) Media image Fatehi in 2022, on the sets of Dance Deewane (/wiki/Dance_Deewane) Vedanshi Pathak of Filmfare (/wiki/Filmfare) noted, "One song after the other, Fatehi proved that there is no one in the industry who can dance with such conviction and look appealing while doing so." [41] (#cite_note-42) She is an endorser for brands such as Dabur (/wiki/Dabur) and CakeZone. [42] (#cite_note-43) [43] (#cite_note-44) Fatehi became the only actress to perform the second time at the IIFA Awards (/wiki/IIFA_Awards) in 2023. [44] (#cite_note-45) In March 2023, Fatehi performed in various cities in the United States (/wiki/United_States) for "The Entertainers" tour, alongside Akshay Kumar (/wiki/Akshay_Kumar) , Disha Patani (/wiki/Disha_Patani) , Mouni Roy (/wiki/Mouni_Roy) , Sonam Bajwa (/wiki/Sonam_Bajwa) , Aparshakti Khurana (/wiki/Aparshakti_Khurana) , Stebin Ben (/wiki/Stebin_Ben) and Zahrah S Khan. [45] (#cite_note-46) Filmography Films Key † Denotes films that have not yet been released Year Title Role(s) Language(s) Notes Ref. 2014 Roar: Tigers of the Sundarbans (/wiki/Roar:_Tigers_of_the_Sundarbans) CJ Hindi (/wiki/Hindi) 2015 Crazy Cukkad Family (/wiki/Crazy_Cukkad_Family) Amy Temper (/wiki/Temper_(film)) Herself Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_language) Special appearance in song "Ittage Rechchipodam" Mr. X (/wiki/Mr._X_(2015_film)) Herself Hindi Special appearance in song "Alif se" Double Barrel (/wiki/Double_Barrel_(2015_film)) Herself Malayalam (/wiki/Malayalam) Special appearance Baahubali: The Beginning (/wiki/Baahubali:_The_Beginning) Unnamed Telugu / Tamil (/wiki/Tamil_language) Special appearance in song " Manohari (/wiki/Manohari_(song)) " Kick 2 (/wiki/Kick_2) Herself Telugu Special appearance in song "Kiruku Kick" Sher (/wiki/Sher_(film)) Herself Special appearance in song "Napere Pinky" Loafer (/wiki/Loafer_(2015_film)) Herself Special appearance in song "Nokkey Dochey" 2016 Rocky Handsome (/wiki/Rocky_Handsome) Herself Hindi Special appearance in song "Rock Tha Party" Oopiri (/wiki/Oopiri) / Thozha Nemali Telugu / Tamil Special appearance in song "Door Number" 2018 My Birthday Song (/wiki/My_Birthday_Song) Sandy Hindi Satyameva Jayate (/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate_(2018_film)) Unnamed Special appearance in song " Dilbar (/wiki/Dilbar_(song)) " Stree (/wiki/Stree_(2018_film)) Unnamed Special appearance in song "Kamariya" [46] (#cite_note-47) [47] (#cite_note-48) Kayamkulam Kochuni (/wiki/Kayamkulam_Kochunni_(2018_film)) Herself Malayalam Special appearance in song "Nrithageethikalennum" 2019 Bharat (/wiki/Bharat_(film)) Suzan Vilayati Khan Hindi Batla House (/wiki/Batla_House) Huma / Victoria Special appearance in song "O Saki O Saki" Marjaavaan (/wiki/Marjaavaan) Herself Special appearance in song "Ek Toh Kum Zindagani" 2020 Street Dancer 3D (/wiki/Street_Dancer_3D) Mia [21] (#cite_note-Street3D-22) 2021 Bhuj: The Pride of India (/wiki/Bhuj:_The_Pride_of_India) Heena Rehman Satyameva Jayate 2 (/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate_2) Dilruba Special appearance in song "Kusu Kusu" [48] (#cite_note-49) 2022 Thank God (/wiki/Thank_God_(film)) Herself Special appearance in song "Manike" An Action Hero (/wiki/An_Action_Hero) Herself Special appearance in song "Jehda Nasha" 2024 Crakk (/wiki/Crakk) Alia [49] (#cite_note-50) Madgaon Express (/wiki/Madgaon_Express) Tasha [50] (#cite_note-51) Dancing Dad † TBA Completed [51] (#cite_note-52) Matka † TBA Telugu Filming [52] (#cite_note-53) [53] (#cite_note-54) Television Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2015–2016 Bigg Boss 9 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_9) Contestant 9th place 2016 Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_9) 10th place 2018 MTV Dating in the Dark Host 2022 Dance Deewane Juniors 1 (/wiki/Dance_Deewane_Juniors_season_1) Herself Judge [54] (#cite_note-55) Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_10) [55] (#cite_note-56) 2023 Hip Hop India 1 Web series Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2021 Star vs Food (Season 2) Herself Episode 5 [56] (#cite_note-57) 2022 Moving In With Malaika Episode 7 [57] (#cite_note-58) [58] (#cite_note-59) [59] (#cite_note-60) Music videos Year Title Singer(s) Ref. 2017 Pop The Bottle Vishal Dadlani (/wiki/Vishal_Dadlani) , Shekhar Ravjiani (/wiki/Shekhar_Ravjiani) , Akasa Singh (/wiki/Akasa_Singh) , Badshah (/wiki/Badshah_(rapper)) [60] (#cite_note-61) Naah (/wiki/Naah) Harrdy Sandhu (/wiki/Harrdy_Sandhu) [61] (#cite_note-62) Baby Marvake Maanegi Raftaar (/wiki/Raftaar_(rapper)) [62] (#cite_note-63) 2018 Dilbar Arabic Version (/wiki/Dilbar_(song)#ArabicVersion) Herself, Fnaïre [7] (#cite_note-auto-8) 2019 Pachtaoge (/wiki/Pachtaoge) Arijit Singh (/wiki/Arijit_Singh) [63] (#cite_note-64) Pepeta Herself, Rayvanny (/wiki/Rayvanny) [64] (#cite_note-65) 2020 Pachtaoge (/wiki/Pachtaoge) (Female version) Asees Kaur (/wiki/Asees_Kaur) [65] (#cite_note-66) Naach Meri Rani Guru Randhawa (/wiki/Guru_Randhawa) , Nikhita Gandhi (/wiki/Nikhita_Gandhi) [66] (#cite_note-67) Body (Dance Cover) Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) [67] (#cite_note-68) 2021 Chhor Denge Parampara Tandon (/wiki/Sachet%E2%80%93Parampara) [68] (#cite_note-69) Dance Meri Rani Guru Randhawa (/wiki/Guru_Randhawa) , Zahrah S Khan [69] (#cite_note-70) [70] (#cite_note-71) 2023 Achha Sila Diya B Praak (/wiki/B_Praak) [71] (#cite_note-72) 2024 Zaalim Payal Dev (/wiki/Payal_Dev) , Badshah (/wiki/Badshah_(rapper)) [72] (#cite_note-73) Discography Year Title Co-singer Ref. 2018 Dilbar Arabic Version (/wiki/Dilbar_(song)#ArabicVersion) Fnaïre [73] (#cite_note-74) 2019 Pepeta Rayvanny (/wiki/Rayvanny) [74] (#cite_note-75) 2022 Dirty Little Secret Zack Knight (/wiki/Zack_Knight) [75] (#cite_note-76) Light The Sky Balqees (/wiki/Balqees_(singer)) , Rahma Riad (/wiki/Rahma_Riad) , Manal (/wiki/Manal_(singer)) [76] (#cite_note-77) 2023 Sexy In My Dress — [77] (#cite_note-78) Im Bossy — 2024 Who's Your Mommy Srushti Tawade, Sameer Uddin Body On Me Badshah (/wiki/Badshah_(rapper)) Awards Year Award Category Result Ref. 2023 Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards (/wiki/Pinkvilla_Style_Icons_Awards) Fashion Trailblazer Won [78] (#cite_note-79) Bollywood Hungama Style Icons (/wiki/Bollywood_Hungama_Style_Icons) Most Stylish Glam Star Nominated [79] (#cite_note-80) Notes ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sources claim that she was born in either Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) or Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) . However, there's no official confirmation on the correct city from Fatehi herself. References ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Rumoured couple Nora Fatehi, Angad Bedi share the same birthday; wish each other in the sweetest way possible" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rumoured-couple-nora-fatehi-angad-bedi-share-the-same-birthday-wish-each-other-in-the-sweetest-way-possible/articleshow/57016419.cms) . The Times of India . 17 February 2017 . Retrieved 3 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Bigg Boss 9 contestant Nora Fatehi dances like crazy at her birthday party" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-9-contestant-nora-fatehi-dances-like-crazy-at-her-birthday-bash/) . 21 April 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Roar : Tigers Of The Sundarbans – Cast" (http://roarthefilm.com/cast.html) . roarthefilm.com . Retrieved 8 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Make way for Moroccan model Nora Fatehi as she makes her debut with Roar" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/moroccan-model-nora-fatehi-debut-with-roar-tigers-of-the-sunderbans-223157-2014-10-14) . India Today . 14 October 2014 . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Dilbar – YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRa9IMvccjg) . Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via YouTube. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Nora Fatehi's Arabic version of Dilbar has set the internet on fire and how! Watch video" (https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/nora-fatehis-arabic-version-of-dilbar-has-set-the-internet-on-fire-and-how-watch-video/324543) . Times Now . 5 December 2018 . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dilbar Arabic Version" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_108FB3SLuk) . Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ Official Soundtrack release: all-female line-up inspires the globe to Light The Sky" (https://www.qatar2022.qa/en/news/all-female-lineup-inspires-the-globe-to-Light-The-Sky) . qatar2022.qa . 7 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-10) " (https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/i-d-right-swipe-ryan-gosling-on-tinder-says-nora-fatehi/story-x6pGaMO13SoXrdk8fkuIoK.html) "I had a crush on Hrithik Roshan," Nora Fatehi gets candid" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/i-d-right-swipe-ryan-gosling-on-tinder-says-nora-fatehi/story-x6pGaMO13SoXrdk8fkuIoK.html) . Hindustan Times . 20 April 2019 . Retrieved 24 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "5 unknown facts about 'Dilbar' girl Nora Fatehi" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/5-unknown-facts-about-dilbar-girl-nora-fatehi/videoshow/69035251.cms) . The Times of India . 25 April 2019 . Retrieved 24 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/ready-for-the-competition/article6978413.ece (https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/ready-for-the-competition/article6978413.ece) ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Who are Nora Fatehi's parents? Know everything about her family" (https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/who-are-nora-fatehis-parents-know-everything-about-her-family-1204802) . PINKVILLA . 26 December 2022 . Retrieved 27 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-NoraNationality_14-0) "I'm an Indian at heart: Bigg Boss 9 contestant Nora Fatehi" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/im-an-indian-at-heart-bigg-boss-9-contestant-nora-fatehi/) . The Indian Express . 9 February 2016 . Retrieved 3 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Roar-1st week Box Office Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140622170822/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/743721) . Bollywood Hungama (/wiki/Bollywood_Hungama) . Archived from the original (http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/743721) on 22 June 2014 . Retrieved 17 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Kumar, Hemanth (15 January 2017). "NTR dances like a dream: Nora Fatehi" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/NTR-dances-like-a-dream-Nora-Fatehi/articleshow/45435183.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Nora Fatehi signed for a special song in 'Baahubali' (https://web.archive.org/web/20150330020643/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/nora-fatehi-signed-for-a-special-song-in-baahubali/536504-8-66.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20150330020643/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/nora-fatehi-signed-for-a-special-song-in-baahubali/536504-8-66.html) . CNN-IBN. Archived from the original (http://ibnlive.in.com/news/nora-fatehi-signed-for-a-special-song-in-baahubali/536504-8-66.html) on 30 March 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Pasupulate, Karthik (15 January 2017). "Nora Fatehi to groove with Ravi Teja in Kick 2" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nora-Fatehi-to-groove-with-Ravi-Teja-in-Kick-2/articleshow/46849131.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Jonnalagedda, Pranita (16 January 2017). "Nora Fatehi's item song will add a desi tadka to the Intouchables remake" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nora-Fatehis-item-song-will-add-a-desi-tadka-to-the-Intouchables-remake/articleshow/49909012.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Tungekar, Samreen (30 September 2017). "Bigg Boss is just entertainment, shouldn't be taken so seriously: Nora Fatehi's secrets" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/bigg-boss-is-just-entertainment-shouldn-t-be-taken-so-seriously-nora-fatehi-s-secrets/story-dPX6UB9HKjFGdM46kaEWXN.html) . Hindustan Times . Retrieved 16 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Bharat Box Office Collection till Now" (https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bharat/box-office/) . Bollywood Hungama (/wiki/Bollywood_Hungama) . 5 June 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190626183519/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bharat/box-office/) from the original on 26 June 2019 . Retrieved 7 July 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Street Dancer: Varun Dhawan kicks off second schedule of the film in snowy London" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190213183815/https://www.in.com/entertainment/street-dancer-varun-dhawan-kicks-off-the-london-schedule-of-the-film-in-style-312957.htm) . in.com . Archived from the original (https://www.in.com/entertainment/street-dancer-varun-dhawan-kicks-off-the-london-schedule-of-the-film-in-style-312957.htm) on 13 February 2019 . Retrieved 14 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) IANS (6 March 2021). "Nora Fatehi is the first African-Arab female artiste to hit 1 billion mark with 'Dilbar' (https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/nora-fatehi-is-the-first-african-arab-female-artiste-to-hit-1-billion-mark-with-dilbar-23162436) " (https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/nora-fatehi-is-the-first-african-arab-female-artiste-to-hit-1-billion-mark-with-dilbar-23162436) . Mid Day . Retrieved 6 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Nora Fatehi who turned director for 'Dirty Little Secret' opened up about challenges of being behind the camera" (https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/nora-fatehi-who-turned-director-for-dirty-little-secret-opened-up-about-challenges-of-being-behind-the-camera) . Free Press Journal . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Nora Fatehi's new international single 'Dirty Little Secret' out" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nora-fatehis-new-international-single-dirty-little-secret-out/articleshow/92121045.cms) . The Times of India . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Dhiman, Nikshey (9 September 2022). "Nora Fatehi Video: Nora's 'Dirty Little Secret' is making records, Have you watched it yet?" (https://www.dnpindia.in/entertainment/nora-fatehi-video-noras-dirty-little-secret-is-making-records-have-you-watched-it-yet/94513/) . DNP INDIA . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Nora Fatehi replaces Parineeti Chopra in 'Bhuj: The Pride of India' (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nora-fatehi-replaces-parineeti-chopra-in-bhuj-the-pride-of-india/articleshow/73094685.cms) " (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nora-fatehi-replaces-parineeti-chopra-in-bhuj-the-pride-of-india/articleshow/73094685.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . 4 January 2020 . Retrieved 29 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Thank God song 'Manike': Ajay Devgn tells Sidharth Malhotra to control his lust for Nora Fatehi; he fails miserably" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/thank-god-song-manike-ajay-devgn-tells-sidharth-malhotra-to-control-his-lust-for-nora-fatehi-8154401/) . The Indian Express . 16 September 2022 . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Not an item song! Sidharth Malhotra defends Thank God's Manike ft Nora Fatehi" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/not-an-item-song-sidharth-malhotra-defends-thank-gods-manike-ft-nora-fatehi-2289992-2022-10-27) . India Today . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Ayushmann Khurrana and Nora's Jheda Nasha to be out soon, disappointed fans react" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ayushmann-khurrana-and-noras-upcoming-song-jheda-nasha-leave-fans-disappointed-2297909-2022-11-16) . India Today . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "An Action Hero song Jehda Nasha teaser: Ayushmann Khurrana and Nora Fatehi sizzle in dance track" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jehda-nasha-teaser-from-an-action-hero-ayushmann-khurrana-and-nora-fatehi-8272145/) . The Indian Express . 16 November 2022 . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Nora Fatehi Dazzles Fans With Her Performance At FIFA World Cup 2022 Final" (https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/nora-fatehi-dazzles-fans-with-her-performance-at-fifa-world-cup-2022-final-3618639) . NDTV.com . Retrieved 27 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "FIFA World Cup 2022: Nora Fatehi's sizzling performance burns the stage, watch video" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/fifa-world-cup-2022-nora-fatehis-sizzling-performance-burns-the-stage-watch-video/articleshow/96335701.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times . Retrieved 27 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Karan Johar, Madhuri Dixit and Nora Fatehi to judge Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/madhuri-dixit-karan-johar-and-nora-fatehi-to-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-8037514/) . The Indian Express . 18 July 2022 . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Rajkummar Rao, Nora Fatehi to star in heartbreak anthem Achha Sila Diya" (https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-nora-fatehi-to-star-in-heartbreak-anthem-achha-sila-diya) . Free Press Journal . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Achha Sila Diya music video: Rajkummar Rao, Nora Fatehi face off" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/achha-sila-diya-music-video-rajkummar-rao-nora-fatehi-face-off-101674112745733.html) . Hindustan Times . 19 January 2023 . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Exclusive! Aakash Ahuja on working with Nora Fatehi, Rajkummar Rao in Achha Sila Diya: The duo are easy to work with" (https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/exclusive-aakash-ahuja-on-working-with-nora-fatehi-rajkummar-rao-in-achha-sila-diya-the-duo-are-easy-to-work-with-article-97180229) . Zoom TV . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Nora Fatehi replaces Jacqueline Fernandez in Vidyut Jammwal's Crakk – Jeetegaa Toh Jiyegaa" (https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nora-fatehi-replaces-jacqueline-fernandez-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-jeetegaa-toh-jiyegaa-report/) . Bollywood Hungama . 23 August 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240202155520/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nora-fatehi-replaces-jacqueline-fernandez-vidyut-jammwals-crakk-jeetegaa-toh-jiyegaa-report/) from the original on 2 February 2024 . Retrieved 2 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Crakk movie review: An adrenaline junkie's guide to crack the code for messy, mindless action and sports" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/crakk-movie-review-vidyut-jammwal-arjun-rampal-nora-fatehi-amy-jackson-messy-mindless-action-sports-101708665074059.html) . Hindustan Times . ^ (#cite_ref-40) " (https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/madgaon-express-trailer-divyenndu-pratik-gandhi-avinashs-goa-trip-dream-turns-nightmare-23338453) 'Madgaon Express' trailer: Divyenndu, Pratik Gandhi, Avinash's Goa trip dream turns into nightmare" (https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/madgaon-express-trailer-divyenndu-pratik-gandhi-avinashs-goa-trip-dream-turns-nightmare-23338453) . Mid Day . 5 March 2024 . Retrieved 9 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Madgaon Express Movie Review: Silly Done Right" (https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/madgaon-express-review/20240322.htm) . Rediff . Retrieved 22 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Pathak, Vedanshi (21 September 2021). "Nora Fatehi on her ever growing fandom, films and her envious figure" (https://m.filmfare.com/interviews/nora-fatehi-on-her-ever-growing-fandom-films-and-her-envious-figure-50812.amp) . Filmfare . 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First Post . 15 December 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-59) "Moving In With Malaika: Malaika Arora Calls Nora Fatehi A "Blow Hot, Blow Cold Person" (https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/moving-in-with-malaika-malaika-arora-calls-nora-fatehi-a-blow-hot-blow-cold-person-watch-3597451) " (https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/moving-in-with-malaika-malaika-arora-calls-nora-fatehi-a-blow-hot-blow-cold-person-watch-3597451) . NDTV.com . Retrieved 15 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "Nora Fatehi opens up to Malaika Arora about the constant 'disrespectful' comparisons between them: 'It takes away from the things I am doing…' (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nora-fatehi-malaika-arora-moving-in-with-malaika-8323003/) " (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/nora-fatehi-malaika-arora-moving-in-with-malaika-8323003/) . The Indian Express . 13 December 2022 . Retrieved 15 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) Pop The Bottle - Vishal | Shekhar | Badshah | AKASA | Pulkit | Nora | Remo , retrieved 26 June 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Naah – Harrdy Sandhu Feat. Nora Fatehi | Jaani | B Praak | Official Music Video-Latest Hit Song 2017" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qs2dZO6wcc) . Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via YouTube. ^ (#cite_ref-63) "Raftaar x Nora Fatehi – Baby Marvake Maanegi – YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtUh3lJeac8) . 8 May 2017 . Retrieved 16 March 2019 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-64) T-Series (23 August 2019), Arijit Singh: Pachtaoge Official Video – Vicky Kaushal & Nora Fatehi -Jaani, B Praak – Bhushan Kumar , retrieved 23 August 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-65) " (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/pepeta-teaser-out-nora-fatehi-ups-her-ante-with-this-afro-latino-single/articleshow/71001165.cms) 'Pepeta' teaser out: Nora Fatehi ups her ante with this Afro-Latino Single" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/pepeta-teaser-out-nora-fatehi-ups-her-ante-with-this-afro-latino-single/articleshow/71001165.cms) . The Times of India . 6 September 2019 . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) Irani, Shaheen (14 August 2020). " (https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-pachtaoge-female-version-unveiled-mother-mary-nora-fatehi-has-no-story-to-talk-about-this-time-2837610) 'Pachtaoge' female version unveiled: 'Mother Mary' Nora Fatehi has no story to talk about this time" (https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-pachtaoge-female-version-unveiled-mother-mary-nora-fatehi-has-no-story-to-talk-about-this-time-2837610) . DNA . Retrieved 11 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) "Guru Randhawa ft. Nora Fatehi's flirtatious peppy number 'Naach Meri Rani' is out" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/guru-randhawa-ft-nora-fatehis-flirtatious-peppy-number-naach-meri-rani-is-out/articleshow/78763091.cms) . The Times of India . 20 October 2020 . Retrieved 14 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "Nora Fatehi creates a storm with Meghan Thee Stallion's 'Body Ody' dance challenge in her latest video" (https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nora-fatehi-creates-a-storm-with-meghan-thee-stallions-body-ody-dance-challenge-in-her-latest-video/) . Bollywood Hungama . 29 December 2020 . Retrieved 17 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) Maru, Vibha (30 January 2021). "Nora Fatehi's new single Chhod Denge is about heartbreak and revenge. See first look" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/nora-fatehi-s-new-single-chhod-denge-is-about-heartbreak-and-revenge-see-first-look-1764249-2021-01-30) . India Today . Retrieved 30 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) "Dance Meri Rani Song Out: Nora Fatehi's Sensual Grooves And Guru Randhawa's Vocals Are A Perfect Blend For The Upbeat Track" (https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/dance-meri-rani-song-out-nora-fatehis-sensual-grooves-and-guru-randhawas-vocals-are-a-perfect-blend-for-this-peppy-track) . ZEE5 . 21 December 2021 . Retrieved 21 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) Roy Chowdhury, Rishita (17 December 2021). "Nora Fatehi carried around on stretcher due to mermaid costume on Dance Meri Rani sets. Video" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/nora-fatehi-carried-around-on-stretcher-due-to-mermaid-costume-on-dance-meri-rani-sets-video-1888948-2021-12-17) . India Today . 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Retrieved 28 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-74) "Nora Fatehi looks ravishing as she moves to the tunes of Arabic version of 'Dilbar' (https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-watch-nora-fatehi-looks-ravishing-as-she-moves-to-the-tunes-of-arabic-version-of-dilbar-2690609) " (https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-watch-nora-fatehi-looks-ravishing-as-she-moves-to-the-tunes-of-arabic-version-of-dilbar-2690609) . DNA India . Retrieved 26 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-75) "Nora Fatehi-RayVanny song Pepeta: A bland imitation" (https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/nora-fatehi-song-pepeta-a-bland-imitation-5983047/) . The Indian Express . 10 September 2019 . Retrieved 26 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-76) " (https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/so-stunning-nora-fatehi-gets-a-shoutout-from-victoria-beckham-3094902) "So Stunning": Nora Fatehi Gets A Shoutout From Victoria Beckham" (https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/so-stunning-nora-fatehi-gets-a-shoutout-from-victoria-beckham-3094902) . NDTV.com . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-77) "Nora Fatehi flaunts her dance moves in FIFA World Cup 2022 anthem Light The Sky. Watch" (https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/nora-fatehi-flaunts-her-dance-moves-in-fifa-world-cup-2022-anthem-light-the-sky-watch-2282607-2022-10-08) . India Today . Retrieved 26 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-78) "EXCLUSIVE: Nora Fatehi turns producer with international music video as solo singer in song 'Sexy in my dress' (https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-nora-fatehi-turns-producer-with-international-music-video-as-solo-singer-in-song-sexy-in-my-dress-1226951) " (https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-nora-fatehi-turns-producer-with-international-music-video-as-solo-singer-in-song-sexy-in-my-dress-1226951) . PINKVILLA . 23 June 2023 . Retrieved 26 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-79) "Pinkvilla Style Icons 2: Nora Fatehi wins Ajio presents Fashion Trailblazer" (https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-2-nora-fatehi-wins-ajio-presents-fashion-trailblazer-1215897) . PINKVILLA . 8 April 2023 . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-80) "Check out the complete list of winners of the Bollywood Hungama Style Icon Awards" (https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/style-icons/winners.php) . Bollywood Hungama . Retrieved 14 April 2023 . External links Nora Fatehi (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6598222/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Nora Fatehi (https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/nora-fatehi/) at Bollywood Hungama (/wiki/Bollywood_Hungama) Nora Fatehi (https://www.instagram.com/norafatehi/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) v t e Bigg Boss Hindi (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)) Seasons 1 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_(Hindi_TV_series)_season_13) 14 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Type of guipure bobbin lace from Malta Mikiel Farrugia, Young lace-making student at Casa Industriale, Xagħra, Gozo, c. 1895 Maltese lace ( Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_language) : bizzilla ) is a style of bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) made in Malta (/wiki/Malta) . It is a guipure (/wiki/Guipure) style of lace. It is worked as a continuous width on a tall, thin, upright lace pillow (/wiki/Lace_pillow) . Bigger pieces are made of two or more parts sewn together. The Lace Pillow in Malta is known as Trajbu (pronounced as "try-boo"), while the Bobbins are called Ċombini (pronounced as "chom-beany"); this type of lace making is very popular on the island of Gozo (/wiki/Gozo) . History [ edit ] Lace made in Malta was originally needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) , from the 16th to the 19th century, when the economic depression in the islands nearly led to the extinction of lacemaking there. But in the mid-1800s, Lady Hamilton Chichester sent lacemakers from Genoa to Malta. They used the old needle lace patterns and turned them into bobbin lace, which was quicker. It was not long after its introduction that the Maltese lace developed its own style from Genoese lace. Maltese lace was shown at The Great Exhibition (/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition) of 1851 and it became popular in Britain. The style was copied by lacemakers in the English Midlands, and it was one of the sources for Bedfordshire lace (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Lace is still made in Malta today. To ensure the survival of the craft, lace making is taught in Government trade schools for girls, while private bodies such as the Society of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce also hold special evening classes. [2] (#cite_note-crafts-2) Characteristics of Maltese lace [ edit ] Collar (AM 1966.32-5) Bizzilla. Traditional Maltese Lace-making Maltese lace usually has the following characteristics which are useful for identification: It is usually made from cream silk (/wiki/Silk) . Black silk was also used in the past. Occasionally linen (/wiki/Linen) thread was used. There is often the 8 pointed Maltese cross (/wiki/Maltese_cross) as part of the pattern, worked in whole or cloth stitch. The pattern may also have closely worked leaves known as “wheat ears” or “oats”. These are plump and rounded in shape, rather than the long narrow leaves of other types of bobbin lace. [2] (#cite_note-crafts-2) Maltese lace A Maltese lace pillow in use Young Gozitan lacemakers, 1910s References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Leader, Jean E. "Lace Types: Malta etc" (https://www.lacetypes.com/othercountries.html) . Retrieved 27 July 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Maltese Crafts" (https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/maltese-crafts/) . VassaloMalta. 18 April 2013 . Retrieved 21 November 2014 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) This Malta (/wiki/Malta) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Book by Janice Dickinson No Lifeguard on Duty First edition cover Author Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) Original title No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel Language English Subject Supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) Genre Autobiography (/wiki/Autobiography) Published 2002 ( ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) ) Publication place United States Media type Print ( Hardcover (/wiki/Hardcover) ) Pages 320 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0060009465 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060009465) OCLC 50494100 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50494100) Dewey Decimal (/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification) 746.9/2/092 B LC Class 2002069701 Followed by Everything About Me Is Fake – And I'm Perfect (2004) No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel is an autobiography (/wiki/Autobiography) by fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) , photographer, author and talent agent (/wiki/Talent_agent) Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) . It was published in hardcover format in 2002 by ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) , an imprint of HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . The author's friend make-up artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) Way Bandy (/wiki/Way_Bandy) advised her to begin putting her past experiences down on paper as a form of therapy from prior trauma in her life. After gaining sobriety (/wiki/Sobriety) , she started compiling her notes into book format. She contacted book publisher (/wiki/Book_publisher) Judith Regan (/wiki/Judith_Regan) who agreed to help her publish her book after hearing her tale on the phone, without first seeing a writing sample. In November 2014, Dickinson asserted in an interview with Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) that pressure from Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) and his lawyers resulted in the removal of an account of sexual assault (/wiki/Sexual_assault) and rape (/wiki/Rape) by Cosby when she visited him at a hotel in Lake Tahoe (/wiki/Lake_Tahoe) , California in 1982. After Cosby's attorney disputed this account, she reappeared on the program to proclaim she was telling the truth and explained she was speaking out publicly because of a need to be heard and to represent other women who stated they experienced a similar trauma. The book recounts Dickinson's early life where she states she experienced child abuse (/wiki/Child_abuse) from her father, and moves forward describing her experiences throughout her career as a model. Dickinson explains her struggle with substance dependence (/wiki/Substance_dependence) upon drugs and alcohol during her career. The author discusses her time as a representative for companies including Virginia Slims (/wiki/Virginia_Slims) , Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) , and Hush Puppies (/wiki/Hush_Puppies) ; and her success appearing on the covers of magazines including: Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and Cosmo (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . While performing work as a model she takes the time to gain knowledge about the craft of photography and fashion. Dickinson describes how she originated the term " supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) ". No Lifeguard on Duty cautions about the tendency towards insecurity in celebrity culture. No Lifeguard on Duty received a favorable reception from multiple publications. Film rights (/wiki/Film_rights) to the book were purchased by Warner Bros. (/wiki/Warner_Bros.) in 2004. Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) praised the author's comedic style in the work. Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) wrote positively of the author's courage at describing difficult experiences from her past. The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) found the writing style of the book to have a good flow throughout. Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) wrote: "Dickinson comes across as a triumphant survivor." [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Dickinson's book had a positive impact on her career. Because of reading the book, Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) decided to bring Dickinson on board as a judge on her new program America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) in 2003. Dickinson served as a judge on the program for a total of four seasons before being replaced by Twiggy (/wiki/Twiggy) . Oxygen Network (/wiki/Oxygen_Network) subsequently hired her for its new program centered on the author's efforts to start her own company; the program launched in 2006 titled: The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (/wiki/The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency) . Writing process [ edit ] Janice Dickinson's friend make-up artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) Way Bandy (/wiki/Way_Bandy) recommended she use the writing process to help heal from her past experiences. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She began to do so as part of her addiction recovery during a twelve-step program (/wiki/Twelve-step_program) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She put her notes down on legal pads and they became numerous over time. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) By the time Dickinson began to compile her writing into book format she had become established in her career and resided in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) with her two children. [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) She started formally putting her notes together into a book after successfully gaining sobriety (/wiki/Sobriety) . [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) She got in touch with book publisher (/wiki/Book_publisher) Judith Regan (/wiki/Judith_Regan) who agreed to help her publish the book after a brief phone call, without first receiving a draft of the work. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) In an interview with Los Angeles Magazine (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine) , Dickinson recalled the process of pitching her book to Regan: "I got a book deal without even turning in one shred of a writing sample. I was having an invincible moment. I told her how difficult it was for me growing up with an abusive father, how when I went to New York to become a model I was rejected for a year for being 'too ethnic.' Judith said, 'Okay, I'm in.'" [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) in 2014 The author explained to Los Angeles Magazine her reasoning for including in the book a graphic phrase used by Jack Nicholson (/wiki/Jack_Nicholson) after his lovemaking session with her: "The reason that line made the book is because he told me not to say anything. And I will never, ever respond to anybody—man, woman, vegetable, or mineral—who tells me to keep my mouth shut. Alter what I've been through, I don't think so, pal." [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Dickinson explained in an interview that she authored the work to communicate to others to publicly reveal their past negative experiences as a way to heal from trauma. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She stated: "I wrote this book to urge people not to keep secrets. I still suffer. The memories are still vivid. I made a lot of mistakes. I was shaped by my mistakes. But the past is done. The future's up to me." [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) Contents summary [ edit ] Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) describes her early life where she suffered child abuse (/wiki/Child_abuse) and physical abuse (/wiki/Physical_abuse) at the hands of her father. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) She writes that her three sisters and mother also experienced abuse from her father. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She recounts her ups and downs during her career while finding success in the fashion industry. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She emphasizes how bravery is important to success, and explains how she remained firm on her request for US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 20,000 for a modeling position when the market figure at the time was only $5,000. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Throughout the process she experiences emotional pain from relationships that lack depth, and learns for herself about the harms of substance dependence (/wiki/Substance_dependence) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Incidents related to her drug addiction problems include ingesting heroin (/wiki/Heroin) from Gia Carangi (/wiki/Gia_Carangi) prior to a photography session in Italy (/wiki/Italy) , and an experience in a state of alcohol intoxication (/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication) falling off a fashion runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) for Valentino Garavani (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) and landing upon Sophia Loren (/wiki/Sophia_Loren) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) The author discusses her time as a representative for companies including Virginia Slims (/wiki/Virginia_Slims) , Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) , and Hush Puppies (/wiki/Hush_Puppies) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She writes of her success appearing on the covers of magazines including: Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and Cosmo (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) Professional photographers including Francesco Scavullo (/wiki/Francesco_Scavullo) , Norman Parkinson (/wiki/Norman_Parkinson) , Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) , Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) , Peter Beard (/wiki/Peter_Beard) , and Michael Reinhardt (/wiki/Michael_Reinhardt) work with her in photoshoots (/wiki/Photoshoot) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) While performing work as a model she takes the time to gain knowledge about the craft of photography and fashion. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) In the book she asserts that her experiences helped influence models who came after her including Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) and Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) . [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) She writes that she was the first to use the term " supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) " and refers to herself as such. [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) She recounts a particular exchange with her agent Monique Pillard who asked her: "Janice, you are working night and day. Who do you think you are, superman?" [5] (#cite_note-schoenberg-5) Dickinson responded: "No, honey. I'm supermodel." [5] (#cite_note-schoenberg-5) [6] (#cite_note-advocate2002-6) Dickinson remembers relationships with fellow celebrities including Sylvester Stallone (/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone) , Liam Neeson (/wiki/Liam_Neeson) , Warren Beatty (/wiki/Warren_Beatty) , Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) , and Jack Nicholson (/wiki/Jack_Nicholson) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She enjoys her celebrity status and her time with friends John Belushi (/wiki/John_Belushi) , Truman Capote (/wiki/Truman_Capote) , and Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) . [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Belushi and Dickinson enable each other's predilections for abusing drugs. [7] (#cite_note-weiss-7) She regularly spends time at Studio 54 (/wiki/Studio_54) during this period. [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Dickinson recounts a darker side of celebrity, and writes that she trusted in Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) when he informed her he could help her career in show business (/wiki/Show_business) , only to experience verbal anger from him when she said she was too tired to engage in sexual activity with him. [7] (#cite_note-weiss-7) She was supported during her career by her friendship with actor Bruce Willis (/wiki/Bruce_Willis) and her positive connections with her sisters. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She reflects on the nature of her marriages and looks back on her prior self-indulgent lifestyle. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She explains to the reader how personal achievement may result from the allure of success, and simultaneously cautions against harmful byproducts of behavioral insecurity inherent in the mystique of celebrity. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Publication history [ edit ] The book was published in hardcover format by HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) in 2002 under its imprint ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) in the United States. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Another edition was released the same year in the United Kingdom. [10] (#cite_note-10) The book was re-published in both formats in 2003, with a new cover. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) ReganBooks released a subsequent edition in 2004 with a third cover re-design. [13] (#cite_note-13) HarperCollins published eBook (/wiki/EBook) formats of the work in 2007 and 2008. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Three editions of the book were published under its third cover design in 2009. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Warner Bros. (/wiki/Warner_Bros.) purchased the film rights (/wiki/Film_rights) to the book in 2004. [19] (#cite_note-mackenzie-19) Dickinson subsequently turned her works into a trilogy (/wiki/Trilogy) of three books. [20] (#cite_note-20) She followed up on No Lifeguard on Duty with Everything About Me Is Fake – And I'm Perfect in 2004, [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) and Check, Please! – Dating, Mating, and Extricating in 2006. [23] (#cite_note-23) Reception [ edit ] After reading No Lifeguard on Duty , Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) decided to make Janice Dickinson a judge on her television program America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) No Lifeguard on Duty received a favorable review from Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) The review concluded: "The book is sometimes predictable and psychologically simplistic, but Dickinson comes across as a triumphant survivor. Her willingness to recognize her own flaws makes it easy to relate to her positive message and should inspire readers searching for solutions to career and personal conflicts." [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) The review praised the author's ability at being: "honest enough to acknowledge the stimulating aspects of success and glamour, explaining why they lure insecure personalities and imprison them past the point of no return." [25] (#cite_note-contemporaryauthors-25) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) reviewed the book and wrote: "What keeps the book from becoming too tawdry is Dickinson's sense of humor. She applies a healthy dose to both her conquests and disaster's alike." [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) [25] (#cite_note-contemporaryauthors-25) In a 2002 article, Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) characterized the book as: "a brave, profane memoir of her escape from childhood abuse into the even more risky whirl of bright lights, big cities and spiraling self-destruction." [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) A subsequent article in 2003 by Knight Ridder Newspapers wrote: "what makes Dickinson's tome stand out from all the other Hollywood memoirs is that she has a cheeky sense of humor about her self-absorption." [26] (#cite_note-perry-26) Philip Weiss (/wiki/Philip_Weiss) of The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) wrote: "I read No Lifeguard on Duty at once and wasn't disappointed. Janice Dickinson is a funny and fluid narrator." [7] (#cite_note-weiss-7) Of the author's path to success recounted in the book, the International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) wrote: "Janice Dickinson had a cometlike trajectory as an early supermodel in the 1980s, which she has recounted in her raunchy life story". [27] (#cite_note-fitchett-27) Impact [ edit ] While reading Dickinson's book, English (/wiki/English_people) novelist (/wiki/Novelist) Jackie Collins (/wiki/Jackie_Collins) ran into the author at a bookstore and asked the fellow author to lunch to discuss their mutual experiences. [28] (#cite_note-kresse-28) Janice Dickinson landed a television role as a judge on the program America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) due to No Lifeguard on Duty . [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) Show creator Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) explained to The Boston Herald (/wiki/The_Boston_Herald) her decision process: "The reason why I hired Janice Dickinson is because I read her book ( No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel ), and that book represented every single thing that I have never done. Every single thing that I have never experienced." [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) Banks elaborated that she wanted a judge on the program that had gone through issues in her modeling career that she herself had not: "I sit all the time and talk to girls and say, 'Don't drink. Don't smoke. Don't go out. Don't do this. I never did it.' But there's only so much you can preach to someone if you've never done it. I thought I could have someone like Janice because she's so outrageous." [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) Banks stated that she thought Dickinson provided a warning to models not to follow the path she had taken because it had proved dangerous:" When she's telling a girl, 'Don't do this,' she's saying, 'Don't do this because it didn't work for me.' I thought it was a good balance." [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) After serving as a judge on the program for four seasons, Dickinson's spot was filled with Twiggy Lawson (/wiki/Twiggy_Lawson) in 2005 for the show's fifth season. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) In December of the same year, Oxygen Network (/wiki/Oxygen_Network) hired Dickinson for its new reality modeling television program which at the time was initially titled The Janice Dickinson Project . [31] (#cite_note-aponline2005-31) It centered on her efforts to launch her own business with a modeling agency. [31] (#cite_note-aponline2005-31) Her television show launched in 2006, titled: The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (/wiki/The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency) . [32] (#cite_note-32) In a November 18, 2014 interview with Dickinson on Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) , she stated the initial version of No Lifeguard on Duty was different from what became the final published product. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [35] (#cite_note-mattsedensky-35) Dickinson said she wrote about a traumatic experience where she said Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) sexually assaulted (/wiki/Sexual_assault) her in 1982 at a hotel in Lake Tahoe (/wiki/Lake_Tahoe) , California. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [36] (#cite_note-emilychow-36) She stated that Cosby supplied her with red wine (/wiki/Red_wine) and then medicated her with drugs and subsequently raped (/wiki/Rape) her at the hotel. [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [35] (#cite_note-mattsedensky-35) [37] (#cite_note-bueno2014-37) According to Dickinson, both Cosby himself and his attorneys persuaded the author and her publisher HarperCollins to delete mention of the incident from her book prior to publication. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) A few hours after the interview was publicized on Entertainment Tonight , Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) made the decision to postpone its Cosby comedy film special Bill Cosby 77 (/wiki/Bill_Cosby_77) from its lineup. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) [38] (#cite_note-elber2014-38) Martin Singer, an attorney representing Cosby, made a statement in which he asserted Dickinson was not being truthful in her account. [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [35] (#cite_note-mattsedensky-35) After Singer's statement, Dickinson reappeared on a subsequent broadcast of Entertainment Tonight to reassert her account from her prior interview on the program. [39] (#cite_note-kevinfrazier-39) In addition, she publicized photographs she took with a Polaroid camera (/wiki/Polaroid_camera) of Cosby wearing a checkered bathrobe in order to support her assertions. [40] (#cite_note-roig-40) In the interview with Kevin Frazier (/wiki/Kevin_Frazier) she stated her account was the truth: "It is not a lie. It is my right as a woman. I have to speak up and you have to be able to go in and just be brave and do it for all the women that can't come forward." [39] (#cite_note-kevinfrazier-39) She explained her motivation for going public and her desire for her voice to be heard: "The loss of innocence that I suffered and that these women suffered is why I'm sitting here today. And I don't care about what Cosby or networks or anybody says, you will hear me." [39] (#cite_note-kevinfrazier-39) See also [ edit ] Books portal (/wiki/Portal:Books) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Cover model (/wiki/Cover_model) List of people from Florida (/wiki/List_of_people_from_Florida) List of people from Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brooklyn,_New_York) List of Vogue cover models (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_cover_models) List of women writers (/wiki/List_of_women_writers) Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) 2002 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Fitchtner 2002 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kerwin 2002 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Wallace 2002 ^ Jump up to: a b Schoenberg 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-advocate2002_6-0) The Advocate 2002 ^ Jump up to: a b c Weiss 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-8) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 49704555 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49704555) ^ (#cite_ref-9) LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2002-69701 (https://www.loc.gov/item/2002069701) ^ (#cite_ref-10) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 50494100 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50494100) ^ (#cite_ref-11) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 56140650 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56140650) ^ (#cite_ref-12) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 52695646 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52695646) ^ (#cite_ref-13) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 276636119 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/276636119) ^ (#cite_ref-14) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 191802672 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191802672) ^ (#cite_ref-15) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 229123593 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/229123593) ^ (#cite_ref-16) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 430496780 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/430496780) ^ (#cite_ref-17) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 815878788 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/815878788) ^ (#cite_ref-18) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 752954991 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/752954991) ^ (#cite_ref-mackenzie_19-0) MacKenzie 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) 2003 ^ (#cite_ref-21) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 54543708 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54543708) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Ferrara 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-23) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 63185772 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63185772) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Amatangelo 2004 ^ Jump up to: a b Contemporary Authors (/wiki/Contemporary_Authors) 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-perry_26-0) Perry 2003 ^ (#cite_ref-fitchett_27-0) Fitchett 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-kresse_28-0) Kresse 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-29) AP Worldstream 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-30) Chicago Sun-Times (/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times) 2005 ^ Jump up to: a b AP Online 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-32) Hammer 2006 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bauder 2014 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Carter 2014 ^ Jump up to: a b c Sedensky 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-emilychow_36-0) Chow 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-bueno2014_37-0) Bueno 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-elber2014_38-0) Elber 2014 ^ Jump up to: a b c Frazier 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-roig_40-0) Roig-Franzia 2014 References [ edit ] "Rants and raves". The Advocate (/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)) . November 12, 2002. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0001-8996 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-8996) . Amatangelo, Amy (September 22, 2004). "Runway roulette; Tyra Banks dishes on new season of 'America's Next Top Model' ". The Boston Herald (/wiki/The_Boston_Herald) . "Ex-'Top Model' Judge Dickinson Gets Series". Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . December 28, 2005. AP Worldstream (May 27, 2005). "Janice Dickinson gone from next 'Top Model' ". Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Bauder, David; Lynn Elber (November 18, 2014). "Model-TV Host Dickinson Accuses Cosby of Assault". Honolulu Star-Advertiser (/wiki/Honolulu_Star-Advertiser) . Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Bueno, Antoinette (November 18, 2014). "Exclusive: Janice Dickinson Details Bill Cosby Sexual Assault Accusations: He Raped Me" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122034403/http://www.etonline.com/news/154076_janice_dickinson_details_alleged_bill_cosby_sexual_assault/) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . Archived from the original (http://www.etonline.com/news/154076_janice_dickinson_details_alleged_bill_cosby_sexual_assault/) on November 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 22, 2014 . "Janice sashays away from 'America's Next Top Model' ". Chicago Sun-Times (/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times) . May 28, 2005. Carter, Bill (November 20, 2014). "Comeback by Bill Cosby Unravels as Rape Claims Re-emerge" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/20/business/media/bill-cosby-fallout-rape-accusations.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . p. A1. Chow, Emily; Mitch Rubin; Caitlin Moore; Veronica Toney; Chloe Coleman; Anne Farrar (November 22, 2014). "Timeline: Bill Cosby" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/lifestyle/bill-cosby-timeline/) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . "Dickinson, Janice 1955–". Contemporary Authors (/wiki/Contemporary_Authors) . Gale (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . January 1, 2004. Elber, Lynn (November 20, 2014). "Netflix Postpones Launch of Cosby Comedy Special". Daily Herald (/wiki/Daily_Herald_(Arlington_Heights)) . Arlington Heights, Illinois. Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Ferrara, Miranda Herbert, ed. (2004). "Dickinson, Janice". The Writers Directory 2005 . St. James Press (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1558625143 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 58973776 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58973776) . Fitchett, Joseph (October 3, 2002). "The Global Class: Runway Vamp". International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) . Fitchtner, Margaria (August 31, 2002). "Supermodel Janice Dickinson tells all about her rise to fame". The Miami Herald (/wiki/The_Miami_Herald) . Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) . Roig-Franzia, Manuel; Scott Higham (/wiki/Scott_Higham) ; Paul Farhi; Mary Pat Flaherty (/wiki/Mary_Pat_Flaherty) (November 22, 2014). "Bill Cosby's legacy, recast: Accusers speak in detail about sexual-assault allegations" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bill-cosbys-legacy-recast-accusers-speak-in-detail-about-sexual-assault-allegations/2014/11/22/d7074938-718e-11e4-8808-afaa1e3a33ef_story.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Retrieved November 23, 2014 . Frazier, Kevin (/wiki/Kevin_Frazier) ; Nancy O'Dell (/wiki/Nancy_O%27Dell) (November 19, 2014). "Exclusive: Janice Dickinson on Bill Cosby Accusation: 'It Is Not A Lie' (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122053730/http://www.etonline.com/news/154141_exclusive_janice_dickinson_on_bill_cosby_accusation_it_is_not_a_lie/) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122053730/http://www.etonline.com/news/154141_exclusive_janice_dickinson_on_bill_cosby_accusation_it_is_not_a_lie/) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . Archived from the original (http://www.etonline.com/news/154141_exclusive_janice_dickinson_on_bill_cosby_accusation_it_is_not_a_lie/) on November 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 22, 2014 . Hammer, A.J. (/wiki/A.J._Hammer) ; Brooke Anderson (/wiki/Brooke_Anderson) (hosts) (June 5, 2006). " 'The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency' Reality Show". CNN (/wiki/CNN) – via NewsBank (/wiki/NewsBank) . Kerwin, Jessica (August 23, 2002). "Girl gone wild". Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0043-7581 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0043-7581) . Kresse, Jim (September 14, 2002). "Author finds patriotism a bit 'promiscuous' ". The Spokesman-Review (/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review) . Spokane, Washington. Mackenzie, Drew (May 23, 2004). "Delish Dickinson rates Hollywood lovers". The Boston Herald (/wiki/The_Boston_Herald) . Perry, Douglas (July 23, 2003). "Move over, Simon Cowell ... here's Janice Dickinson". Fort Worth Star-Telegram (/wiki/Fort_Worth_Star-Telegram) . Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) . "Nonfiction Book Review: No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141121212208/http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-000946-5) . Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) . August 2002. Archived from the original (http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-000946-5) on November 21, 2014 . Retrieved November 21, 2014 . Schoenberg, Nara (September 5, 2002). " '70s supermodel tells how she overcame addiction, abuse". Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . Sedensky, Matt; David Bauder. "Florida woman latest to accuse Cosby of forced sex". Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Wallace, Amy (September 1, 2002). "Wild thing: supermodel Janice Dickinson bares it all". Los Angeles Magazine (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine) . Weiss, Philip (/wiki/Philip_Weiss) (September 9, 2002). "Interview With the Vamp – TheFrontPage". The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) . "Fashion scoops: Early-bird special...crossoverappeal...the show must go on – Three's a crowd". Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . September 16, 2003. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0043-7581 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0043-7581) . Further reading [ edit ] "Dickinson, Janice 1955–". Contemporary Authors (/wiki/Contemporary_Authors) . Gale (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . January 1, 2004. Dickinson, Janice (2002). No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel . New York City: ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-000946-5 . Dickinson, Janice (2004). Everything About Me Is Fake – And I'm Perfect . New York City: ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-055469-9 . Dickinson, Janice (2006). Check, Please! – Dating, Mating, and Extricating . New York City: ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-076391-6 . External links [ edit ] Janice Dickinson (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/janice_dickinson/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Janice Dickinson (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0225528/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Janice Dickinson's blog (https://web.archive.org/web/20140415223415/http://www.oxygen.com/janice/blogs/janice.aspx) (at oxygen.com) "No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122022211/http://www.harpercollins.ca/books/No-Lifeguard-Duty-Janice-Dickinson/?isbn=9780060009472) . HarperCollinsCanada . HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.harpercollins.ca/books/No-Lifeguard-Duty-Janice-Dickinson/?isbn=9780060009472) on November 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 22, 2014 . v t e The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (/wiki/The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency) Episodes Season 1 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_1&action=edit&redlink=1) Season 2 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_2&action=edit&redlink=1) Season 3 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_3&action=edit&redlink=1) Season 4 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_4&action=edit&redlink=1) Spin-offs Christmas with the Dickinsons Janice & Abbey (/wiki/Janice_%26_Abbey) v t e America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Seasons (cycle) (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) 1 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) 2 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) 4 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) 5 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) 6 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Contestants (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_contestants) Winners Adrianne Curry (/wiki/Adrianne_Curry) Yoanna House (/wiki/Yoanna_House) Eva Pigford (/wiki/Eva_Marcille) Naima Mora (/wiki/Naima_Mora) Nicole Linkletter (/wiki/Nicole_Linkletter) Danielle Evans (/wiki/Dani_Evans) CariDee English (/wiki/CariDee_English) Jaslene Gonzalez (/wiki/Jaslene_Gonzalez) Saleisha Stowers (/wiki/Sal_Stowers) Whitney Thompson (/wiki/Whitney_Thompson) McKey Sullivan (/wiki/McKey_Sullivan) Teyona Anderson Nicole Fox (/wiki/Nicole_Fox) Krista White Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) Brittani Kline (/wiki/Brittani_Kline) Lisa D'Amato (/wiki/Lisa_D%27Amato) Sophie Sumner (/wiki/Sophie_Sumner) Laura James (/wiki/Laura_James) Jourdan Miller (/wiki/Jourdan_Miller) Keith Carlos (/wiki/Keith_Carlos) Nyle DiMarco (/wiki/Nyle_DiMarco) India Gants (/wiki/India_Gants) Kyla Coleman Other alumni Elyse Sewell (/wiki/Elyse_Sewell) Mercedes Scelba-Shorte (/wiki/Mercedes_Scelba-Shorte) Yaya DaCosta (/wiki/Yaya_DaCosta) 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Type of bobbin lace Mat with Cluny lace edging Cluny lace is a bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) style, worked as a continuous piece. It is a heavy plaited lace of geometric design, often with radiating thin, pointed wheatears (closely woven leaves). [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw-1) It is a guipure (/wiki/Guipure) style of lace. History [ edit ] Cluny lace originated in France (/wiki/France) . It appeared in the nineteenth century in Le Puy and Mirecourt (/wiki/Mirecourt) in Lorraine (/wiki/Lorraine) , reputedly using designs from the Museum of Antiquities at the Hotel Cluny, Paris (/wiki/Paris) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Cluny lace was also made in the English Midland lacemaking areas. [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Pat Earnshaw (1980). The Identification of Lace . Shire Publications. p. 107. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-484-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Leader, Jean E. "Lace Types: French Bobbin Lace" (https://www.lacetypes.com/franceB.html) . Retrieved 27 July 2022 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Point de Cluny (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Point_de_Cluny) at Wikimedia Commons v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐867dm Cached time: 20240720183138 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.239 seconds Real time usage: 0.336 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 589/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32306/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 538/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16122/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.154/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4251592/52428800 bytes 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Type of floral tape lace Princess lace, made with machine tape Princess lace is a tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) . It is made of straight machine-made lace tapes also called princess lace. [1] (#cite_note-1) The lacemaker bends and folds these into the shape of flowers and leaves, and sews them into position. History [ edit ] Princess lace was introduced at the end of the 19th century in Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) . The most famous cities for princess lace were Aalst (/wiki/Aalst,_Belgium) , Ninove (/wiki/Ninove) , Geraardsbergen (/wiki/Geraardsbergen) , Dendermonde (/wiki/Dendermonde) and Liedekerke (/wiki/Liedekerke) . It is reputed to be called Princess lace because the Belgium Royal Family used it. Princess lace was mostly a home industry. In 1993, there were still 15 lace merchants who asked lacemakers to make princess lace. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lacemaking Circle. "Lace tapes and braids" (http://www.lacemaking.com/Ltapes.htm) . Retrieved 24 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Claeys Antique. "Princess tape history" (http://www.claeysantique.com/lace/uk/archives/2009/12/princess_lace_h.html) . Retrieved 24 November 2014 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐rf2rt Cached time: 20240720073654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.242 seconds Real time usage: 0.331 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 509/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31554/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 476/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15924/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.161/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4246004/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report 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Lace made from pre-made lace tapes Tape lace Tape lace is made with a straight tape which is bent into the shape required and sewn into position. Various needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) fillings may be used to fill the gaps. The tape is usually machine made. This type of lace is also known as mixed tape lace, or mixed lace, as it uses more than one technique: one in making the tape, and a different technique for the fillings and joins. This should be distinguished from bobbin tape lace (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) , which is a type of bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) where the tape and the rest of the lace is made at the same time using bobbins, so only one technique is used. The 19th century tape laces varied from well-worked versions with a variety of filling stitches to those where the tapes were simply joined with a few needle-made bars. Making tape laces was a popular craft and patterns were widely available in shops and magazines. However, tape lace was also developed on a professional basis in some places, such as Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe) in Devon. [1] (#cite_note-1) Types of tape lace include Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) , Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) and Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) . References [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tape lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tape_lace) . ^ (#cite_ref-1) Leader, Jean E. "Lace Types: Tape Lace" (https://www.lacetypes.com/tapelace.html) . Retrieved 26 July 2022 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐kc6bk Cached time: 20240720232212 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.236 seconds Real time usage: 0.330 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 612/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32726/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 798/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13685/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.161/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4324526/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 284.622 1 -total 34.52% 98.246 3 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Type of tape lace using machine-made tapes Renaissance lace Renaissance lace is a type of tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) . The name refers to the rebirth of antique Italian forms to create the patterns of this 19th century lace. [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw-1) The outline of the design is made of bought tape. Manufacturers produced a huge number of suitable tapes in different widths and sometimes with picots or other decoration. The lacemaker bought the tape and sewed it onto a paper with the pattern. Then she filled up the empty spaces with a needle using a variety of stitches. Finally the lace was cut from the paper. [2] (#cite_note-2) The tape laces varied from well-worked versions with a variety of filling stitches to those where the tapes were simply joined with a few needle-made bars. [3] (#cite_note-guild-3) Some regard the whole genre as being Renaissance lace, with varying forms such as Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) , Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) and Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw-1) Others regard Renaissance Lace as one of the types. [3] (#cite_note-guild-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Pat Earnshaw. A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Trabel - Belgium travel network. "The History of Lace in Belgium, Brussels and Bruges" (http://www.trabel.com/belgium-lace-history.htm) . Retrieved 25 November 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Leader, Jean E. "Lace Types: Tape Lace" (https://www.lacetypes.com/tapelace.html) . Retrieved 26 July 2022 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mgfq7 Cached time: 20240721160636 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.226 seconds Real time usage: 0.323 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 546/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32805/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 626/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19738/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.146/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4237740/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 269.579 1 -total 41.02% 110.584 3 Template:Navbox 40.94% 110.372 1 Template:Lace_types 35.10% 94.629 1 Template:Reflist 26.91% 72.534 1 Template:Cite_book 22.92% 61.777 1 Template:Short_description 12.90% 34.768 2 Template:Pagetype 10.46% 28.191 2 Template:Portal-inline 6.40% 17.257 3 Template:Main_other 5.75% 15.508 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44511518-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721160636 and revision id 1135959597. 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Wastewater from the laundry process Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Clothing_and_the_environment) on Clothing and the environment Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Key issues Cotton industry (/wiki/Cotton_industry) Ecological footprint (/wiki/Ecological_footprint) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) Fur trade (/wiki/Fur_trade) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Impact investing (/wiki/Impact_investing) Microplastics (/wiki/Microplastics) Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) By type Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool#Criticism_of_industry) Fur farming (/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_fur_farming) Leather (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_leather) Sustainability Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Biodegradable athletic footwear (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Cotton recycling (/wiki/Cotton_recycling) Environmental design (/wiki/Environmental_design) Environmental impact design (/wiki/Environmental_impact_design) Green textile (/wiki/Green_textile) Public interest design (/wiki/Public_interest_design) Organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Socially responsible investing (/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing) Sustainable (/wiki/Sustainability) Advertising (/wiki/Sustainable_advertising) Design (/wiki/Sustainable_design) Fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Industries (/wiki/Sustainable_industries) Market (/wiki/Sustainable_market) Procurement (/wiki/Sustainable_procurement) Transport (/wiki/Sustainable_transport) Textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Sustainability of vintage fashion (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) Related Business ethics (/wiki/Business_ethics) Green marketing (/wiki/Green_marketing) RiverBlue (/wiki/RiverBlue) The True Cost (/wiki/The_True_Cost) Environmental record of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.#Environmental_record) Ecological design (/wiki/Ecological_design) Laundry wastewater Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Environment portal (/wiki/Portal:Environment) v t e Wastewater (/wiki/Wastewater) comes out of the laundry (/wiki/Laundry) process with additional energy (heat), lint, soil, dyes, finishing agents, and other chemicals from detergents. [1] (#cite_note-steber-1) Some laundry wastewater goes directly into the environment, due to the flaws of water infrastructure (/wiki/Infrastructure) . The majority goes to sewage (/wiki/Sewage) treatment plants before flowing into the environment. Some chemicals remain in the water after treatment, which may contaminate the water system. Some have argued they can be toxic to wildlife, or can lead to eutrophication (/wiki/Eutrophication) . General influences of laundry wastewater [ edit ] As of 2023, the United States has 2,538 industrial laundry facilities [2] (#cite_note-2) which may discharge an average of 400 m 3 of wastewater every day. [3] (#cite_note-3) Annually, about 5.11 km 3 laundry wastewater is produced. Treatment of laundry wastewater [ edit ] There are several parameters in the evaluation of laundry wastewater: temperature, pH-value, suspended substances, Cl 2 , sediment substances, total nitrogen, total phosphorus (/wiki/Phosphorus) , nitrogen ammonia, chemical oxygen demand(COD), biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5 ), anionic surfactants. [4] (#cite_note-4) Chemicals in detergents [ edit ] Several common detergent (/wiki/Detergent) ingredients are surfactants (/wiki/Surfactant) , builders (/wiki/Builder_(detergent)) , bleach-active compounds and auxiliary agents. The surfactants can be classified into anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants. The most widely used surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (/wiki/Alkylbenzene_sulfonate) (LAS) is an anionic surfactant. In builders, sodium triphosphate, zeolite A, sodium nitrilotriacetate (/wiki/Nitrilotriacetate) (NTA) are the most important substances. Bleach-active compounds are usually sodium perborate (/wiki/Sodium_perborate) and sodium percarbonate (/wiki/Sodium_percarbonate) . Enzymes and fluorescent whitening agents are added into detergents as auxiliary agents. [1] (#cite_note-steber-1) Mechanism [ edit ] Environmental harm of surfactants [ edit ] Surfactants are surface active agents, as they have both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and are widely used in various washing process. With the lipophilic tails, surfactants are biologically active. Anionic surfactants have the ability of binding to bioactive macromolecules like enzymes (/wiki/Enzymes) , DNA, peptides, causing changes of surface charge and the folding of polyp eptide chain(structure o different. Cationic surfactant can bind to the inner membrane of bacteria, and by this way disorganize the bacteria through their long alkyl chain. Nonionic surfactants are able to bind to both proteins and phospholipid membrane, leading to leakage of low molecular mass compounds by increasing the permeability of membranes and vesicles. This may result in serious damage in cells or even cell death. [5] (#cite_note-ivan-5) LAS and its biodegradation [ edit ] Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) with the formula of C 12 H 25 C 6 H 4 SO 3 Na, also known as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (/wiki/Sodium_dodecylbenzene_sulfonate) , is the most widely used anionic surfactant in laundry detergent because it has minimal environmental impact for its readily biodegradation. A complete biodegradation under aerobic conditions consists of two steps, primary biodegradation and ultimate biodegradation. The first step begins from the terminal carbon in the alkyl chain as omega-oxidation, which can start from one or both ends, then is followed by beta-oxidation. After the first step the residual is sulfophenyl(di)carboxylates (SP(d)Cs), a large molecule which can be involved in the second step. The second step occurs only when the required bacteria exist. The ring cleavage of benzene and the further desulphonation of the mono- and dicarboxylic sulphophenyl acids happen. After the two-step biodegradation, LAS is degraded into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic salts and residual biomass. During the biodegradation, several specific bacteria and oxygen are required in both omega-oxidation of the alkyl chain and the benzene ring cleaving process, so this biodegradation can only happen in aerobic conditions . [6] (#cite_note-bio-d-6) In anaerobic conditions in treatment process, LAS shows no change. Researchers also prove that biodegradation process is restricted in 20–40 mg/L and even inhibited at a higher concentration, which leads to the incomplete biodegradation of LAS in sewage treatment plants. [7] (#cite_note-7) Omega-oxidation of LAS biodegradation [6] (#cite_note-bio-d-6) Beta-oxidation of LAS biodegradation [6] (#cite_note-bio-d-6) Harm of builders to the environment [ edit ] Builders in detergents are water softeners, which can remove calcium and magnesium ions by complexation or precipitation in hard water which contains high levels of calcium and magnesium. Sodium triphosphate (/wiki/Sodium_triphosphate) , with a formula of Na 5 P 3 O 10 , is a largely used builder in laundry detergents, which can lead to eutrophication (/wiki/Eutrophication) caused by phosphorus (P). P is needed for energy transfer, the formation of DNA, RNA and many other intermediary metabolites. Only P in orthophosphate can be assimilated by autotrophs (/wiki/Autotroph) , other P compounds like sodium triphosphate can be chemically or enzymatically hydrolyzed to orthophosphate. [8] (#cite_note-8) The mechanism is shown below. [9] (#cite_note-p-9) Degradation of sodium triphosphate with enzyme [9] (#cite_note-p-9) Excessive phosphorus can make for excessive production of autotrophs, like algae and cyanobacteria, leading to eutrophication in an inorganic nutrient pathway. Nutrient enrichment in lakes and reservoirs results in the microscopic floating plants, algae and formation of dense mats of larger floating plants that can produce oxygen by photosynthesis. When they die and sink to the bottom, they consume oxygen in decomposition. Bacteria thriving in this process consume oxygen. With the depletion of oxygen, fishes die and anaerobic bacteria produce methane (/wiki/Methane) , hydrogen sulfide (/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide) and ammonia (/wiki/Ammonia) , which can destroy the ecosystem. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Steber, J., & Wiebel, F. Laundry Detergents, 4. Ecology and Toxicology. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/14356007.o15_o15 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.o15_o15) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Industry Statistics" (https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-statistics/number-of-businesses/industrial-laundry-linen-supply-united-states/#:~:text=There%20are%202%2C084%20Industrial%20Laundry,increase%20of%201.3%25%20from%202022.) . IBISworld . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ciabattia, I., Cesaro, F., Faralli, L., Fatarella, E., & Tognotti, F. (2009). Demonstration of a treatment system for purification and reuse of laundry wastewater. Desalination , 245(1), 451-459. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.desal.2009.02.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.desal.2009.02.008) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Šostar-Turk, S., Petrinić, I., & Simonič, M. (2005). Laundry wastewater treatment using coagulation and membrane filtration. Resources, Conservation and Recycling , 44(2), 185-196. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.11.002 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resconrec.2004.11.002) ^ (#cite_ref-ivan_5-0) Ivanković, T., & Hrenović, J. (2010). Surfactants in the environment. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju , 61(1), 95-109. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1943 (https://doi.org/10.2478%2F10004-1254-61-2010-1943) ^ Jump up to: a b c Scott, Matthew J., and Malcolm N. Jones. "The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1508.1 (2000): 235-251. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/S0304-4157(00)00013-7 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0304-4157%2800%2900013-7) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Patterson, D. A., Metcalfe, I. S., Xiong, F., & Livingston, A. G. (2001). Wet air oxidation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate 1. Effect of temperature and pressure. Industrial & engineering chemistry research , 40(23), 5507-5516. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1021/ie010293k (https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fie010293k) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Correll, D. L. (1998). The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality , 27(2), 261-266. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020004x (https://doi.org/10.2134%2Fjeq1998.00472425002700020004x) ^ Jump up to: a b McComb, R. B.; Bowers, G. N.; Posen, S. (1979). Alkaline phosphatase . New York: Plenum Press. p. 986. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-306-40214-9 . 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Type of bobbin lace from Genoa, Italy 16th or 17th century Genoese lace Genoese Bobbin lace, 1600-1625, Italian. V&A collection Genoese lace is bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) from Genoa (/wiki/Genoa) . It is a guipure (/wiki/Guipure) style of lace. Bobbin lacemaking in Italy dates back to the 16th century when the main centres were Genoa and Milan (/wiki/Milan) , although Venice (/wiki/Venice) also made bobbin lace. The Genoese laces were characterized by wheatears, small tightly woven leaf-shaped tallies which formed part of the usually geometric design. [1] (#cite_note-1) Maltese lace (/wiki/Maltese_lace) was derived from Genoese lace. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Leader, Jean E. "Bobbin Lace: Genoese, Milanese, Cantú" (https://www.lacetypes.com/italy.html) . Retrieved 26 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Maltese Crafts" (https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/maltese-crafts/) . VassaloMalta. 18 April 2013 . Retrieved 21 November 2014 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐7zhhm Cached time: 20240720050608 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.373 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 508/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31485/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 568/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15902/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.187/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4186564/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 312.014 1 -total 42.21% 131.692 3 Template:Navbox 41.62% 129.853 1 Template:Lace_types 34.36% 107.211 1 Template:Reflist 29.21% 91.138 2 Template:Cite_web 23.29% 72.663 1 Template:Short_description 14.91% 46.534 2 Template:Pagetype 5.25% 16.395 2 Template:Portal-inline 4.29% 13.390 3 Template:Main_other 3.67% 11.455 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44516777-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720050608 and revision id 1182088096. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genoese_lace&oldid=1182088096 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genoese_lace&oldid=1182088096) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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Most athletic footwear is not biodegradable Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Clothing_and_the_environment) on Clothing and the environment Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Key issues Cotton industry (/wiki/Cotton_industry) Ecological footprint (/wiki/Ecological_footprint) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) Fur trade (/wiki/Fur_trade) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Impact investing (/wiki/Impact_investing) Microplastics (/wiki/Microplastics) Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) By type Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool#Criticism_of_industry) Fur farming (/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_fur_farming) Leather (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_leather) Sustainability Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Biodegradable athletic footwear Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Cotton recycling (/wiki/Cotton_recycling) Environmental design (/wiki/Environmental_design) Environmental impact design (/wiki/Environmental_impact_design) Green textile (/wiki/Green_textile) Public interest design (/wiki/Public_interest_design) Organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Socially responsible investing (/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing) Sustainable (/wiki/Sustainability) Advertising (/wiki/Sustainable_advertising) Design (/wiki/Sustainable_design) Fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Industries (/wiki/Sustainable_industries) Market (/wiki/Sustainable_market) Procurement (/wiki/Sustainable_procurement) Transport (/wiki/Sustainable_transport) Textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Sustainability of vintage fashion (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) Related Business ethics (/wiki/Business_ethics) Green marketing (/wiki/Green_marketing) RiverBlue (/wiki/RiverBlue) The True Cost (/wiki/The_True_Cost) Environmental record of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.#Environmental_record) Ecological design (/wiki/Ecological_design) Laundry wastewater (/wiki/Laundry_wastewater) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Environment portal (/wiki/Portal:Environment) v t e Biodegradable athletic footwear is athletic footwear (/wiki/Athletic_footwear) that uses biodegradable materials (/wiki/Biodegradable_material) with the ability to compost at the end-of-life (/wiki/End-of-life_(product)) phase. Such materials include natural biodegradable polymers (/wiki/Biopolymer) , synthetic biodegradable polymers (/wiki/Synthetic_biodegradable_polymer) , and biodegradable blends (/wiki/Bioplastic) . The use of biodegradable materials is a long-term solution to landfill (/wiki/Landfill) pollution that can significantly help protect the natural environment by replacing the synthetic, non-biodegradable polymers found in athletic footwear. Problem of non-degradable waste [ edit ] The United States athletic shoe market is a $13 billion-per-year dollar industry that sells more than 350 million pairs of athletic shoes annually. [1] (#cite_note-ten-1) The global footwear consumption has nearly doubled every twenty years, from 2.5 billion pairs in 1950 to more than 19 billion pairs of shoes in 2005. [2] (#cite_note-twelve-2) The increase in demand for athletic shoe products have progressively decreased the useful lives of shoes as a result of the rapid market changes and new consumer trends. A shorter life cycle of athletic footwear has begun to create non-degradable waste in landfills (/wiki/Landfill) due to synthetic and other non-biodegradable (/wiki/Non-biodegradable) materials used in production. The considerable growth in industrial production and consumption has made the athletic footwear industry face the environmental challenge of generated end-of-life (/wiki/End-of-life_(product)) waste. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer [ edit ] The athletic shoe midsole (/wiki/Midsole) is one of the main contributors that lead to a generation of end-of-life waste because it is composed of polymeric foams (/wiki/Polymeric_foam) based on ethylene-vinyl acetate (/wiki/Ethylene-vinyl_acetate) (EVA). [2] (#cite_note-twelve-2) EVA is a polyolefin copolymer of ethylene (/wiki/Ethylene) and vinyl acetate (/wiki/Vinyl_acetate) that provides durability and flexibility, making it the most commonly used material found in athletic shoe midsoles. [3] (#cite_note-five-3) Although the synthetic polymer (/wiki/Synthetic_polymer) is a useful material for the athletic shoe industry, it has become an environmental concern because of its poor biodegradability (/wiki/Biodegradability) . EVA goes through an anaerobic decomposition (/wiki/Anaerobic_decomposition) process called thermal degradation (/wiki/Thermal_degradation) that often occurs in landfills resulting in releases of volatile organic compounds (/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound) (VOCs) into the air. [4] (#cite_note-six-4) VOCs "contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone (/wiki/Tropospheric_ozone) , which is harmful to humans and plant life." [5] (#cite_note-one-5) Thermal degradation of EVA is temperature-dependent and occurs in two stages; in the first stage acetic acid (/wiki/Acetic_acid) is lost, followed by the degradation of the unsaturated polyethylene (/wiki/Polyethylene) polymer. [4] (#cite_note-six-4) Thermal degradation (/wiki/Thermal_degradation) of EVA by allylic (/wiki/Allylic) scission (/wiki/Scission_(chemistry)) . [4] (#cite_note-six-4) Environmental impact [ edit ] Further information: Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) The environmental impacts (/wiki/Environmental_impact) of athletic shoe degradation in landfills "are inextricably connected to the nature of the materials." [5] (#cite_note-one-5) The production of many petroleum (/wiki/Petroleum) -based products, such as EVA, used to manufacture athletic shoes result in serious environmental pollution (/wiki/Environmental_pollution) of groundwater and rivers when disposed into landfills. [2] (#cite_note-twelve-2) When disposed of in landfills, athletic footwear can take up to thousands of years to naturally degrade. EVA athletic shoe midsoles can be kept in contact with moist soil for a period of 12 years and experience little to no evidence of biodeterioration. [6] (#cite_note-seven-6) Although there are some that are taking initiatives to produce environmentally friendly athletic footwear, most of the footwear industry's response to this increasing problem of end-of-life shoe waste has been negligible. [7] (#cite_note-two-7) In order to reduce post-consumer waste and improve environmental properties of athletic shoes, biodegradable materials can help to replace synthetic polymers (/wiki/Synthetic_polymer) such as ethylene-vinyl acetate with the ability to compost (/wiki/Compost) at the end-of-life phase. Biodegradable materials [ edit ] This article or section possibly contains synthesis of material (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material) which does not verifiably mention (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) or relate (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_removal#Irrelevant_information) to the main topic. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Biodegradable_athletic_footwear##) . ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) " Biodegradation (/wiki/Biodegradation) is a chemical degradation (/wiki/Chemical_degradation) of materials provoked by the action of microorganisms (/wiki/Microorganism) such as bacteria (/wiki/Bacteria) , fungi (/wiki/Fungi) , and algae (/wiki/Algae) ." [6] (#cite_note-seven-6) Although there are many materials categorized as biodegradable (/wiki/Biodegradable) , there has been an increasing interest of biodegradable polymers (/wiki/Biodegradable_polymer) that can lead to waste management (/wiki/Waste_management) options for polymers in the environment. These biodegradable polymers can be broken down into three categories: natural biodegradable polymer (/wiki/Biopolymer) , synthetic biodegradable polymer (/wiki/Synthetic_biodegradable_polymer) , and biodegradable blends (/wiki/Bioplastic) . [2] (#cite_note-twelve-2) Natural biodegradable polymers [ edit ] Natural biodegradable polymers (/wiki/Biopolymer) are formed in nature during growth cycles of all organisms. [4] (#cite_note-six-4) When searching for natural fibers to replace synthetic materials in athletic shoes, the major natural biodegradable polymer that offers the most potential are polysaccharides (/wiki/Polysaccharide) . Starch is a polysaccharide that is useful because it readily degrades into harmless products when placed in contact with soil microorganisms. [8] (#cite_note-three-8) Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. [9] (#cite_note-four-9) Starch (/wiki/Starch) is not often used alone as a plastic material because of its brittle nature, but is commonly used as a biodegradation additive. [4] (#cite_note-six-4) Many plasticizers (/wiki/Plasticizer) use starch-glycerol-water to modify starch's brittle nature. [10] (#cite_note-thirtneen-10) Biodegradation of this blend was tested and was found that by the second day the degraded carbon had already attained about 100% of the initial carbon of the sample. [2] (#cite_note-twelve-2) Synthetic biodegradable polymer [ edit ] Aliphatic polyesters (/wiki/Aliphatic_compound) are a diverse family of synthetic polymers of which are biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic. [11] (#cite_note-nine-11) Specifically, poly (lactic acid) (/wiki/Polylactic_acid) has low melt strength and low viscosity (/wiki/Viscosity) properties that are similar to EVA midsoles in athletic shoes. [8] (#cite_note-three-8) Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is part of the polyester (/wiki/Polyester) group and can go through thermoplastic (/wiki/Thermoplastic) and foaming processes. [9] (#cite_note-four-9) Along with its good mechanical properties, its popularity is based on the non-toxic products that it becomes when it decomposes through hydrolytic degradation (/wiki/Hydrolysis) . [7] (#cite_note-two-7) Hydrolytic degradation of PLA generates the monomer lactic acid (/wiki/Lactic_acid) , which is metabolized via the tri-carboxylic acid cycle (/wiki/Tri-carboxylic_acid_cycle) and eliminated as carbon dioxide (/wiki/Carbon_dioxide) . [7] (#cite_note-two-7) Hydrolytic Degradation of the aliphatic polyester, PLA. [7] (#cite_note-two-7) Biodegradable blends [ edit ] Most synthetic polymers are resistant to microbial attack because of their physical and chemical properties. [9] (#cite_note-four-9) However, they can become biodegradable when introducing natural polymers such as starch. Natural polymers introduce ester (/wiki/Ester) groups that attach to the backbone of non-biodegradable polymers, making them more susceptible to degradation. [9] (#cite_note-four-9) Due to biodegradable polymers having limited properties; blending synthetic polymers can bring economic advantages and superior properties. [12] (#cite_note-eight-12) Insertion of an ester group into vinyl polymer (/wiki/Vinyl_polymer) . [9] (#cite_note-four-9) End-of-life management [ edit ] Although total elimination of post-consumer waste (/wiki/Post-consumer_waste) is not encouraged by any current change-causing agent (/wiki/Big_business) due to the enormous change in infrastructure that the elimination of waste requires and the consequent lack of profitability for those agents, proactive approaches to reduce the enormous amount of waste that 350 million pairs of athletic shoes create can make a difference in the environment. Biodegradable materials, such as biodegradable polymers, are a viable solution to aid in avoiding the end-of-life athletic footwear waste consumption. [13] (#cite_note-eleven-13) The major advantage of introducing biodegradable polymers to athletic footwear is the ability to compost with other organic wastes for it to become useful soil attendant products. An alternative short-term approach to end-of-life (/wiki/End-of-life_(product)) management is recycling (/wiki/Recycling) activities in the footwear industry. One major shoe manufacture, Nike Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) , created Reuse-A-Shoe (/wiki/Nike_Grind) program that involves recycling discarded athletic shoes by grinding and shredding the shoes to produce a material called Nike Grind (/wiki/Nike_Grind) , which can be used in surfacing for tennis and basketball playgrounds or running tracks. [13] (#cite_note-eleven-13) Currently, the Reuse-A-Shoe program recycles approximately 125,000 pairs of shoes per year in the United States. [ citation needed ] Recycling and composting are two major proposed solutions to end-of-life management. However, the use of biodegradable materials is a long-term solution that can significantly help protect the natural environment by replacing synthetic, non-biodegradable polymers found in athletic footwear. [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-ten_1-0) Pribut, Dr. Stephen. "A Brief History of Sneakers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200728131745/https://www.drpribut.com/sports/sneaker_odyssey.html) . Dr. Stephen M. Pribut's Sports Pages . APMA NEWS. Archived from the original (http://www.drpribut.com/sports/sneaker_odyssey.html) on 28 July 2020 . Retrieved 26 November 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Staikos, Theodoros; Heath, Richard; Haworth, Barry; Rahimifard, Shahin (2006). "End-of-Life Management of Shoes and the Role of Biodegradable Materials" (http://www.mech.kuleuven.be/lce2006/177.pdf) (PDF) . Proceedings of the 13th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering : 497–502. ^ (#cite_ref-five_3-0) Chen, Nan. "The Effects of Crosslinking on Foaming." Diss. U of Toronto, 2012. Abstract. (2012): n. pag. Print. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Costache, Marius C., David D. Jiang, and Charles A. Wilkie. "Thermal Degradation of Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer Nanocomposites." Polymer 46.18 (2005): 6947-958. Web. ^ Jump up to: a b Albers, Kyle, Peter Canepa, and Jennifer Miller. "Analyzing the Environmental Impacts of Simple Shoes." Diss. U of Santa Barbara, 2008. Abstract. (2008): n. pag. Print. ^ Jump up to: a b Katarzyna Leja, Grazyna Lewandowicz. "Polymer Biodegradation and Biodegradable Polymers-a Review." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2nd ser. 19.2010 (2012): 255-66. Web. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Albertsson, Ann-Christine. Degradable Aliphatic Polyesters. Vol. 157. Berlin: Springer, 2002. Print. ^ Jump up to: a b Díaz, Angélica, Ramaz Katsarava, and Jordi Puiggalí. "Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Biodegradable Polymers Derived From Diols and Dicarboxylic Acids: From Polyesters to Poly(Ester Amide)S." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15.5 (2014): 7064-7123. Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Chandra, R. "Biodegradable Polymers." Progress in Polymer Science 23.7 (1998): 1273-335. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-thirtneen_10-0) Wang, Xiu-Li, Ke-Ke Yang, and Yu-Zhong Wang. "Properties of Starch Blends with Biodegradable Polymers." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews 43.3 (2003): 385-409. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-nine_11-0) Renard, E., V. Langlois, and P. Guérin. "Chemical Modifications of Bacterial Polyesters: From Stability to Controlled Degradation of Resulting Polymers." Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 42.4 (2007): 300-11. Web. ^ (#cite_ref-eight_12-0) Ma, Jianzhong, Liang Shao, Chaohua Xue, Fuquan Deng, and Zhouyang Duan. "Compatibilization and Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Blend Based Foam." Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 71 (2014): 2219-234. Academic Search Complete. Web. ^ Jump up to: a b Song, J. H., R. J. Murphy, R. Narayan, and G. B. H. Davies. "Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364.1526 (2009): 2127-139. Web. open access (http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1526/2127.short) v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Saddle shoes 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French blue-and-white striped cotton shirt This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Marini%C3%A8re) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Marinière" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Marini%C3%A8re%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Marini%C3%A8re%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Marini%C3%A8re%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Marini%C3%A8re%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Marini%C3%A8re%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Marini%C3%A8re%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Marinière of the French Navy (/wiki/French_Navy) A marinière ( French: [maʁinjɛʁ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ), or tricot rayé ( French: [tʁiko (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ʁɛje] (/wiki/Help:IPA/French) ; lit. ' striped sweater ' ), is a cotton long-sleeved shirt with horizontal blue and white stripes. Characteristically worn by quartermasters (/wiki/Quartermaster#French_Navy) and seamen (/wiki/Seaman_(rank)) in the French Navy (/wiki/French_Navy) , it has become a staple in civilian French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) and, especially outside France, this kind of striped garment is often part of the stereotypical image of a French person. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is also known as a Breton shirt , as many sailors in the French Navy were from Brittany (/wiki/Brittany) . History [ edit ] French sailor in uniform, early 20th century Regulations of 27 March 1858 introduced the blue-and-white marinière to the French Navy (/wiki/French_Navy) 's official uniform for seamen (/wiki/Seaman_(rank)) , describing it thus: Le corps de la chemise devra compter 21 rayures blanches, chacune deux fois plus large que les 20 à 21 rayures bleu indigo. The body shall have 21 white stripes, each twice as wide as the 20 or 21 navy blue (/wiki/Navy_blue) stripes. A genuine marinière has, front and back, twenty navy blue stripes each 10 millimetres (0.4 in) wide, spaced 20 millimetres (0.8 in) apart, and on the sleeves fourteen navy blue stripes spaced the same. [Note 1] (#cite_note-2) The three-quarter-length sleeves must be no longer than those of the overjacket, [2] (#cite_note-lexpress-mars2012-3) and the flared collar must reach the neck. The " Tricot bleu de service courant Marine nationale " ("French Navy Standard Duty Blue Jersey") is part of Uniforms 22bis and 23. [ citation needed ] Sailors used to say that the stripes made it easier to see men who had fallen into the sea. [ citation needed ] Marinières were made by independent tailors, but eventually were made in navy workshops; army tailoring was a separate duty, often performed by conscripts. Marinières became a large product in France, manufactured by companies such as Saint James (/w/index.php?title=Saint_James_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) , Armor Lux (/w/index.php?title=Armor_Lux&action=edit&redlink=1) [3] (#cite_note-4) and Orcival (/w/index.php?title=Orcival_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) . Fashion [ edit ] Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , in the interwar period Although it originated in the Navy, the marinière has been an important fashion item ever since. During the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) , Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) regularly took seaside holidays and was inspired by the local sailors' uniforms. At her second shop in Deauville (/wiki/Deauville) she launched the "Navy Style", a short marinière. In doing so she continued the emancipation of women's bodies and the "practical" side of her creations, by using simple jersey fabric (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) during times of privation. Her marinières became widespread luxury items. Years later, Karl Lagerfield (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfield) paid homage to House of Chanel (/wiki/House_of_Chanel) by regularly recreating the marinière for his fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) , [4] (#cite_note-5) especially in his ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) summer collection "Croisière". [5] (#cite_note-yk-6) In the 1940s the marinière was worn by John Wayne (/wiki/John_Wayne) , then Jean Cocteau (/wiki/Jean_Cocteau) , Pablo Picasso (/wiki/Pablo_Picasso) , [2] (#cite_note-lexpress-mars2012-3) Brigitte Bardot (/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot) , Marcel Marceau (/wiki/Marcel_Marceau) . Much later, Sting (/wiki/Sting_(musician)) modelled for photographs wearing one. Mime artist Marcel Marceau (/wiki/Marcel_Marceau) , 1963, by Erling Mandelmann (/wiki/Erling_Mandelmann) In the 1960s, after Jean Seberg (/wiki/Jean_Seberg) 's appearance in a marinière in the film Breathless (/wiki/Breathless_(1960_film)) , Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) introduced it into his premier collections, [6] (#cite_note-7) causing a fashion revolution in haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) . Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) has been in love with the marinière since the 1980s, in all its forms, styles and the most diverse materials. In 1983, it was the major element of his Boy Toy collection, Gaultier greeting the audience at the end of the show in a "classic classic", a marinière. [Note 2] (#cite_note-8) In 2006, the marinière was rediscovered as an item of eveningwear. [7] (#cite_note-palomo-9) Yvette Horner (/wiki/Yvette_Horner) dressed in a marinière to model it for Pierre and Gilles (/wiki/Pierre_and_Gilles) , who used it as the design of flacons (/wiki/Flacon) for Gaultier's fragrance line " Le Mâle (/wiki/Le_M%C3%A2le) ". [8] (#cite_note-10) [9] (#cite_note-11) For him and his "children" [10] (#cite_note-12) and his partners [11] (#cite_note-13) the marinière has become an integral part of the world of fashion. In the 2000s, Kenzo Takada (/wiki/Kenzo_Takada) started selling marinières, with polka dots, [12] (#cite_note-14) Sonia Rykiel (/wiki/Sonia_Rykiel) having previously used differently coloured stripes, most often black, before returning to white on blue. [13] (#cite_note-15) In 2010, the marinière set the trend: the Elite modelling agency (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) in its annual competition, it dressed the finalists in them; Prada (/wiki/Prada) added them in its September collection, Gilas Loaëc (/w/index.php?title=Gilas_Loa%C3%ABc&action=edit&redlink=1) 's Breton brand Kitsuné (/wiki/Kitsun%C3%A9) , took it up, [14] (#cite_note-16) as did Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) and others. The following year, the France national football team (/wiki/France_national_football_team) commissioned its supplier Nike (/wiki/Nike_(company)) for new away kit (/wiki/Away_kit) as a white jersey with blue stripes, [15] (#cite_note-17) taking inspiration from the marinière. [16] (#cite_note-18) It was seldom used. Much commented upon – and criticised – this striped kit was dropped eleven months afterwards in favour of a much plainer all-white strip. [17] (#cite_note-19) In April 2011, the boutique Colette (/wiki/Colette_(boutique)) had the marinière as its theme, represented by many ready-to-wear brands: Chanel, Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s_International) , Ladurée (/wiki/Ladur%C3%A9e) , Longchamp (/wiki/Longchamp_(company)) and its Montblanc (/wiki/Montblanc_(company)) range of baggage, YSL (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , Swatch (/wiki/Swatch) , and others. Jean Paul Gaultier had an offering as always, but so did Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , and The Row (/wiki/Mary-Kate_and_Ashley_Olsen#The_Row) . [5] (#cite_note-yk-6) Alexis Mabille (/wiki/Alexis_Mabille) [2] (#cite_note-lexpress-mars2012-3) [18] (#cite_note-20) incorporated it into collections. A year later, Thom Browne (/wiki/Thom_Browne) used the blue-and-white motif on trousers, for Moncler (/wiki/Moncler) , [19] (#cite_note-21) followed by A.P.C. (/wiki/A.P.C.) and Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) . [20] (#cite_note-22) In addition to traditional French companies Armor Lux (/w/index.php?title=Armor_Lux&action=edit&redlink=1) , Saint James (/w/index.php?title=Saint_James_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) only since 1982 (which at that time completed its historic wool manufacture with cotton) [21] (#cite_note-23) [22] (#cite_note-24) and the venerable Orcival (/w/index.php?title=Orcival_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) , [23] (#cite_note-25) who has been manufacturing marinières in France since it supplied the French Navy, the brand Petit Bateau (/wiki/Petit_Bateau) [24] (#cite_note-26) have taken up the marinière after a long absence, using it in a range of styles. [25] (#cite_note-27) [26] (#cite_note-28) In 2017, the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) has chosen the Orcival Breton top to epitomize the genuine Breton top for its exhibition "Is Fashion Modern?" [27] (#cite_note-29) Political symbol [ edit ] On 19 October 2012, Arnaud Montebourg (/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg) , the French Industry Minister, wore an Armor Lux marinière in a cover photo (/wiki/Cover_photo) for Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) ' s magazine. [28] (#cite_note-30) Montebourg had agreed to the magazine's request to wear the marinière, with a French-made watch, in front of French-made household appliances. The cover article was a ten-page dossier on " Made in France (/wiki/Made_in_France) ", Montebourg's domestic production drive. See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Sailor suit (/wiki/Sailor_suit) Telnyashka (/wiki/Telnyashka) – An undershirt used with military uniforms in Russia inspired by the marinière Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) There can be twenty-one on the body and fifteen on the sleeves for very tall sailors. Legend has it that each of the twenty-one represents one of Napoleon's victories (/wiki/Napoleonic_wars) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Two years later, in 1985, Charlotte Gainsbourg (/wiki/Charlotte_Gainsbourg) wore one in L'Effrontée (/wiki/L%27Effront%C3%A9e) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The ultimate symbol of French cool (https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160309-the-ultimate-symbol-of-french-cool) . bbc.com by Katya Foreman 9 March 2016 ^ Jump up to: a b c de Monplanet, Anne Cécile (14 March 2012). "La marinière en 4 dates". L'Express Styles (in French) (3167). L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) : 30. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0014-5270 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0014-5270) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Très chère marinière" (http://www.puretrend.com/rubrique/histoire-de-la-mode_r16/tres-chere-mariniere_a32132/1) [Very dear marinière]. puretrend.com . July 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Charlot, Aurore (9 June 2009). "Les basiques de la maison Chanel" (http://www.elle.fr/Mode/Dossiers-mode/Les-basiques-de-la-maison-Chanel-871206#La-mariniere-871223) [House of Chanel basics]. Elle magazine (/wiki/Elle_magazine) (in French) . Retrieved 15 December 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Neuville, Julien (27 June 2012). "Les quinze collections croisières qui nous ont fait chavirer!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120902030756/http://www.ykone.com/les-quinze-collections-croisieres-qui-nous-ont-fait-chavirer) [Fifteen Croisière collections that had us all at sea!]. ykone.com (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.ykone.com/les-quinze-collections-croisieres-qui-nous-ont-fait-chavirer) on 2 September 2012 . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Quilleriet, Anne-Laure (5 June 2008). "Saint Laurent forever..." (http://www.lexpress.fr/informations/saint-laurent-forever_723513.html) L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) (in French) . Retrieved 3 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-palomo_9-0) Palomo-Lovinski, Noël (2011). "Jean Paul Gaultier". Les plus grands créateurs de mode: de Coco Chanel à Jean Paul Gaultier (in French). Pomier, Lise-Éliane (translator). Paris. p. 75. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-212-55178-5 . La marinière à rayures bleu marine et blanches est la signature de Gaultier... pour fêter trente ans de collections, clin d'œil de Gaultier à lui-même en créant cette robe du soir. [The blue-and-white marinière is Gaultier's signature... after thirty years of collections, in a blink of an eye it has become eveningwear.] {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |work= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Le flacon "Le Mâle" (http://www.jeanpaulgaultier.com/shop/fr/le-male/le-male-l-eau-de-toilette.html) " (http://www.jeanpaulgaultier.com/shop/fr/le-male/le-male-l-eau-de-toilette.html) . jeanpaulgaultier.com (in French). ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Merci Jean-Paul" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141209075349/http://www.strategies.fr/articles/r12729W/merci-jean-paul.html) . strategies.fr (in French). 26 May 2000. Archived from the original (http://www.strategies.fr/articles/r12729W/merci-jean-paul.html) on 9 December 2014 . Retrieved 3 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Pouliquen, Katell (4 September 2009). "Jean Paul Gaultier lance sa ligne enfant" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode-beaute/mode/jean-paul-gaultier-lance-sa-ligne-enfant_784364.html) [Jean-Paul Gaultier launches his children's line]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) . Styles (in French) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ronin, Caroline (18 December 2009). "Jean-Paul Gaultier collabore avec Pataugas" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode-beaute/mode/jean-paul-gaultier-collabore-avec-pataugas_837116.html) [Jean-Paul Gaultier partners with Pataugas]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) . Styles (in French) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Gray, Héloïse (2 March 2006). "Esprit marin" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode-beaute/mode/esprit-marin_482879.html) [Sea spirit]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) (in French) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Dormoy, Géraldine (10 February 2010). "La collection Sonia Rykiel pour H&M en images" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode-beaute/mode/la-collection-sonia-rykiel-pour-h-m-en-images_848041.html) [Sonia Rykiel's collection for H&M in pictures]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) . Styles (in French) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Pouliquen, Katell (24 June 2010). "Quand les voyages inspirent les créateurs" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode-beaute/mode/quand-les-voyages-inspirent-les-createurs_901036.html) [When travel inspires designers]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) . Styles (in French) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Maillot Marinière Équipe de France extérieur 2011 Nike" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHS-3DLTDOw) [Marinière of France's 2011 Nike away strip]. YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) (in French) . Retrieved 3 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Le nouveau maillot des Bleus, il est..." (http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/sport/le-nouveau-maillot-des-bleus-il-est_969592.html) [The new Blues kit, it's...]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) (in French). 7 March 2011 . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Les Bleus abandonnent la marinière" (http://www.lefigaro.fr/sport-business/2012/02/24/20006-20120224ARTFIG00407-les-bleus-abandonnent-leur-mariniere.php) [Blues Drop Marinière]. Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (in French). 24 February 2012 . Retrieved 3 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Acou-Bouaziz, Katrin (24 June 2011). "Défilé: Alexis Mabille et me déshabille" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/defiles-de-mode/defile-alexis-mabille-et-me-deshabille_1006043.html) [Exposed: Alex Mabille and my undressing]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Les rayures prennent le large" (http://www.lefigaro.fr/lefigaromagazine/2012/07/05/01006-20120705ARTFIG00776-les-rayures-prennent-le-large.php) [Stripes are feeling the width]. Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) Magazine (in French). 5 July 2012 . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Le B.A.-BA... de la marinière" (http://www.lemonde.fr/web/recherche_breve/1,13-0,37-1204503,0.html) [DYB DYB DYB... in a marinière]. Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) (in French). 24 March 2012 . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Saint-James, la mode marine " made in Normandy " (https://www.lafabriquehexagonale.com/2009/11/saint-james-la-mode-marine-made-in-normandy/) " (https://www.lafabriquehexagonale.com/2009/11/saint-james-la-mode-marine-made-in-normandy/) (in French). La Fabrique hexagonale. 22 November 2009 . Retrieved 2020-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Les tricots Saint James" (http://fr.viadeo.com/fr/groups/detaildiscussion/?containerId=0021f0tsmt4rgmfr&forumId=002163tlv6ysz98x&action=messageDetail&messageId=00226kyg34kz2ai7) . viadeo (in French). 22 December 2012 . Retrieved 30 November 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Beaugé, Marc (2 November 2012). "Est-ce bien raisonnable de porter une marinière?" (http://www.lemonde.fr/style/article/2012/11/02/est-ce-bien-raisonnable-de-porter-une-mariniere_1784091_1575563.html) [Is it very wise to wear a marinière?]. Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) Magazine . Style (in French) . Retrieved 31 May 2013 . Encore largement produite en France, chez Saint James, Orcival ou Armor-Lux [Once again one of France's growing products] ^ (#cite_ref-26) "La marinière Petit Bateau" (http://www.tendances-de-mode.com/2008/04/14/792-la-mariniere-petit-bateau) [The Petit Bateau marinière]. tendances-de-mode.com (in French). 14 April 2008 . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Pouget, Clémence (29 February 2012). "La collection Herman Düne pour Petit Bateau" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/mode/la-collection-herman-duene-pour-petit-bateau_1087084.html) . L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) . Styles (in French) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Allègre, Claire-Marie (18 April 2012). "Une nouvelle collection Petit Bateau avec Tsumori Chisato" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/minute-mode/une-nouvelle-collection-petit-bateau-avec-tsumori-chisato_1105651.html) [New Petit Bateau collection with Tsumori Chisato]. L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) . Styles (in French) . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "MoMA Plunges Headfirst Into Fashion" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/05/arts/design/moma-items-is-fashion-modern-review.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 5 October 2017 . Retrieved 6 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Arnaud Montebourg en marinière: Made in France... sauf sa montre!" (http://www.purepeople.com/article/arnaud-montebourg-en-mariniere-made-in-france-sauf-sa-montre_a109048) [Arnaud Montebourg wearing a marinière... but without his watch!]. purepeople.com (in French). Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) . 24 October 2012 . Retrieved 3 January 2015 . External links [ edit ] Look up marinière (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marini%C3%A8re) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 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Type of tape lace from Branscombe, Devon Woven spider wheel Bars decorated with nibs Branscombe lace is a type of tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) made in Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe) in Devon. It was probably introduced by John Tucker in the late 1860s as the market for Honiton lace (/wiki/Honiton_lace) started to decline. Typical of Branscombe lace are the edging of buttonholed scallops, bars decorated with nibs (tiny buttonholed rings), woven spider wheels and a variety of fillings. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Leader, Jean E. "Lace Types: Tape Lace" (https://www.lacetypes.com/tapelace.html) . Retrieved 26 July 2022 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐n65mm Cached time: 20240720090443 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.302 seconds Real time usage: 0.390 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 470/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30313/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 608/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12489/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.194/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3806934/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 326.818 1 -total 42.72% 139.601 3 Template:Navbox 41.74% 136.415 1 Template:Lace_types 32.97% 107.741 1 Template:Reflist 27.63% 90.285 1 Template:Cite_web 24.45% 79.901 1 Template:Short_description 14.63% 47.802 2 Template:Pagetype 6.09% 19.913 2 Template:Portal-inline 5.47% 17.863 3 Template:Main_other 4.74% 15.489 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44574002-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720090443 and revision id 1135959791. 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Lace formed from knotted bobbin motifs Honiton lace, showing plait knotted into motif Part lace or sectional lace is a way of making bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) . It characterises various styles, such as Honiton lace (/wiki/Honiton_lace) or Brussels lace (/wiki/Brussels_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-shepherd-1) All bobbin lace is made with bobbins on a lace pillow (/wiki/Lace_pillow) . Some styles of lace are made in a continuous strip. Since there is a limit to how many bobbins can be handled on a pillow, this limits how wide the lace is. Part lace, on the other hand, is made in pieces or motifs. Once made, these are joined together in a ground, net or mesh, or with plaits, bars or legs. [1] (#cite_note-shepherd-1) This means that the lace has no limit in size, apart from the time needed to make it. It can also be made by a team of lacemakers. "Real Honiton laces are made up of bits and bits fashioned by many different women in their own little cottages - here a leaf, there a flower, slowly woven through the long, weary days, only to be united afterward in the precious web by other workers who never saw its beginning." [2] (#cite_note-2) Part lace may be identified by the ground or plaits being separate from the motifs and joined to them with knots. In continuous lace, the threads pass from the pattern into the ground and out again, without knots. [3] (#cite_note-3) Bobbin tape lace (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) is sometimes categorized as part lace. [1] (#cite_note-shepherd-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Shepherd, Rosemary (2003). "Lace Classification System" (https://maas.museum/app/uploads/2017/03/Lace-Classification-System.pdf) (PDF) . Powerhouse Museum, Sydney . Retrieved 2 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) The Art of Modern Lace-making . London and New York: Butterick Publishing Co. (Limited). 1891. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Earnshaw, Pat (1980). The identification of Lace . Shire Publications Ltd. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-484-6 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5795bc6b8c‐n2q2v Cached time: 20240720105611 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.318 seconds Real time usage: 0.638 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 554/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32999/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 580/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19846/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.214/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4237832/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion 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Rendering was triggered because: api-purge esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Part_lace&oldid=1135899890 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Part_lace&oldid=1135899890) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Part lace of bobbin-lace tapes Bobbin tape lace Bobbin tape lace is bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) where the design is formed of one or more tapes (/wiki/Tape_lace) curved so they make an attractive pattern. [1] (#cite_note-1) The tapes are made at the same time as the rest of the lace, and are joined to each other, or themselves, using a crochet hook (/wiki/Crochet_hook) . The tapes are made curved, and by hand, using bobbin lace techniques. This should be distinguished from mixed tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) , which is made using an existing straight tape, often machine made. Types of bobbin tape lace include Russian lace (/wiki/Russian_lace) , Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) , Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) , Milanese lace (/wiki/Milanese_lace) and Hinojosa lace (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) . Bobbin tape lace is sometimes categorized as part lace (/wiki/Part_lace) . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Elizabeth Mincoff (1981). Pillow Lace . Ruth Bean. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-903585-10-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rosemary Shepherd. "Lace Classification System" (http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/pdf/research/classification.pdf) (PDF) . Powerhouse Museum, Sydney . Retrieved 2 December 2014 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐9j2xh Cached time: 20240720142239 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.320 seconds Real time usage: 0.443 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 512/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31712/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 530/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16000/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.199/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4248629/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 380.864 1 -total 38.01% 144.779 3 Template:Navbox 38.00% 144.735 1 Template:Lace_types 35.85% 136.528 1 Template:Reflist 27.98% 106.570 1 Template:Cite_book 25.26% 96.213 1 Template:Short_description 14.50% 55.241 2 Template:Pagetype 10.96% 41.735 2 Template:Portal-inline 5.64% 21.494 3 Template:Main_other 4.79% 18.237 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44585702-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720142239 and revision id 1182088528. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobbin_tape_lace&oldid=1182088528 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobbin_tape_lace&oldid=1182088528) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Type of part lace from Bruges, Belgium Bruges lace is preferred by the high clergy. Bruges lace (Brugs Bloemwerk) is a fine white part lace (/wiki/Part_lace) made of cotton. It is made in pieces, with the designs later joined to make the final lace. Types [ edit ] There are 2 types of Bruges lace, which include the finer flower-work type and the rough variant. The finer type, called Bruges Duchess' lace, [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) is often used in clothing and veils, while the rough type is used for interior decorations. It has the characteristics of being quite simple to take care of, and can be washed and bleached at high temperatures without loss of form or quality. Bruges lace was in high production between 1850 and 1950. Bruges flower lace is assembled from elegant leaves, long scrolls, and open flowers. They often have typical patterns and can be produced in large pieces for use in formal settings, such as churches. These features are joined with plaits with picots (/wiki/Picot) , fillings, leaf plaits and braids. [3] (#cite_note-3) A modern lace school in Bruges, called the Kantcentrum, delivers lace courses and workshops. It also runs its own publishing house for books and lace patterns. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Brugse Duchesse ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wegwijs in kant/ Kantcentrum, 1983 p.38 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Edna Sutton (1986). Bruges Flower Lace . Dryad Press Ltd (/w/index.php?title=Dryad_Press_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85219-650-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kantcentrum, Bruges. "Bruges and Lace" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141208024541/http://kantcentrum.eu/en/ontdek/kant-rijke-traditie/) . Archived from the original (http://kantcentrum.eu/en/ontdek/kant-rijke-traditie/) on 2014-12-08 . Retrieved 2014-12-04 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐fbgzj Cached time: 20240720044325 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.302 seconds Real time usage: 0.478 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 529/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31710/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 584/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16540/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.198/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4248876/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 384.492 1 -total 45.82% 176.185 3 Template:Navbox 45.69% 175.659 1 Template:Lace_types 28.93% 111.217 1 Template:Reflist 24.27% 93.330 1 Template:Short_description 22.33% 85.852 1 Template:Cite_book 13.50% 51.896 1 Template:Commons-inline 13.06% 50.204 1 Template:Sister-inline 11.98% 46.080 2 Template:Pagetype 8.57% 32.948 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44595900-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720044325 and revision id 1163194152. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruges_lace&oldid=1163194152 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruges_lace&oldid=1163194152) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Textile arts of Belgium (/wiki/Category:Textile_arts_of_Belgium) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Types of bobbin tape lace from Russia Fragment of lace "Lukomorie" based on by Alexander Pushkin (/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin) 's poem Ruslan and Ludmila (/wiki/Ruslan_and_Ludmila) Russian lace is a bobbin tape lace (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) . The tape is made with bobbins at the same time as the rest of the lace, curving back on itself, and joined using a crochet hook (/wiki/Crochet_hook) . It was made in Russia, but similar laces made elsewhere are also called Russian lace. [1] (#cite_note-1) The designs of Russian lace are of abstract form. The narrow tapes or trails follow a maze-like path through deep scallops to merge again and wander into the next. [2] (#cite_note-2) Types of Russian Lace: (/w/index.php?title=Types_of_Russian_Lace:&action=edit&redlink=1) Vologda lace (/w/index.php?title=Vologda_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Yelets lace (/w/index.php?title=Yelets_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mtsensk lace (/w/index.php?title=Mtsensk_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Kalyazin lace (/w/index.php?title=Kalyazin_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Torzhok lace (/w/index.php?title=Torzhok_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Ryazan Lace (/w/index.php?title=Ryazan_Lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Skopin Lace (/w/index.php?title=Skopin_Lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mikhailov Lace (/w/index.php?title=Mikhailov_Lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Yaroslavl lace (/w/index.php?title=Yaroslavl_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Kostroma lace (/w/index.php?title=Kostroma_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Vyatka lace (/w/index.php?title=Vyatka_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Kukarskoe lace (/w/index.php?title=Kukarskoe_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Belevsky Lace (/w/index.php?title=Belevsky_Lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Odoevsky Lace (/w/index.php?title=Odoevsky_Lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Nizhny Novgorod lace (/w/index.php?title=Nizhny_Novgorod_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Gallery [ edit ] Russian stamp showing Vologda (/wiki/Vologda) lace Vologda (Lukomorie) Vologda Vologda Russian stamp showing Vyatka lace Vyatskoe Kukarskaya References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Elizabeth Mincoff (1981). Pillow Lace . Ruth Bean. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-903585-10-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications Ltd. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Russian lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_lace) . Vologda lace - a type of Russian lace (http://www.artrusse.ca/lace.htm) Soviet Life (https://books.google.com/books?id=TaMaAQAAMAAJ&dq=lace+doily&pg=RA4-PA50) v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Russian handicrafts (/wiki/Handicraft) Decorative arts (/wiki/Decorative_arts) Gorodets painting (/wiki/Gorodets_painting) Gzhel (/wiki/Gzhel) Filimonovo toy (/wiki/Filimonovo_toy) Kholmogory bone carving (/wiki/Kholmogory_bone_carving) Khokhloma (/wiki/Khokhloma) Russian lacquer art (/wiki/Russian_lacquer_art) Fedoskino miniature (/wiki/Fedoskino_miniature) Kholuy miniature (/wiki/Kholuy_miniature) Mstyora miniature (/wiki/Mstyora_miniature) Palekh miniature (/wiki/Palekh_miniature) Russian icons 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Pakistani fashion and lifestyle brand This article is about the fashion brand. For the hand-woven cotton cloth, see Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) . Khaadi Trade name (/wiki/Trade_name) Khaadi Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Genre Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 13 December 1998 (25 years ago) ( 1998-12-13 ) Founder Shamoon Sultan (/wiki/Shamoon_Sultan) Headquarters Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) Number of locations 63 stores (2022) Area served Asia (/wiki/Asia) , Europe (/wiki/Europe) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) , America (/wiki/America) , Northern America (/wiki/Northern_America) and Middle East (/wiki/Middle_East) Products Textiles (/wiki/Textiles) , Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Website www (http://www.khaadi.com) .khaadi (http://www.khaadi.com) .com (http://www.khaadi.com) Khaadi ( Urdu (/wiki/Urdu_language) : کھادی ; pronounced [kʰaːd̪iː] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu) ) is a Pakistani fashion and lifestyle brand, founded in December 1998. Its headquarters are located in Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) . As of 2015, it operates 46 stores in 17 cities across Pakistan and 17 stores across the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and the GCC. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Currently, Khaadi operates 60 stores in 30 cities within Pakistan. [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Khaadi was founded in 1998 by Shamoon Sultan (/wiki/Shamoon_Sultan) , and the first store was opened in Zamzama (/wiki/Zamzama_Park) , Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) in 1999. [4] (#cite_note-4) Khaadi was originally a handwoven clothing brand. The brand then expanded to multiple stores within two years of its inception and introduced multiple product lines. [5] (#cite_note-5) By 2002, Khaadi expanded its product line to include women's ready-to-wear items and later ventured into women's luxury wear with Khaadi Khaas in 2008. The company transitioned into a fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) retail brand in 2012, introducing a range of colorful fabrics in response to evolving customer preferences. Khaadi further diversified its offerings by introducing Khaadi Kids and Khaadi Home from 2012 to 2013, followed by the launch of Khaadi Fragrances in 2019, marking its transition into a comprehensive lifestyle brand. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2016, Khaadi achieved significant financial success with a revenue of 16 billion, positioning itself as one of Pakistan's leading valuable companies. [7] (#cite_note-7) Architectural firm ASA played a role as an interior designer for Khaadi stores in Pakistan, UK, and UAE until 2017. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2020, the company enlisted Landor & Fitch (/w/index.php?title=Landor_%26_Fitch&action=edit&redlink=1) 's help in designing The Experience Hub, [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) which opened in December 2021. It is a 32,000 square-foot space in Karachi that functions as a retail space with its own cafe. In 2022, IFC (member of the World Bank Group) [11] (#cite_note-11) became the first investor with an equity of $25 million for a minority stake in Khaadi Corporation. [12] (#cite_note-12) The funding has helped the company accelerate its growth by expanding its retail footprint and online global sales. International expansion [ edit ] In 2010, Khaadi expanded internationally as it opened stores in the UAE (/wiki/UAE) - first in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) and later in Abu Dhabi (/wiki/Abu_Dhabi) . In 2013, store launches were planned for the UK. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2014, Khaadi opened a 1,630 square-foot store in Bull Ring, Birmingham (/wiki/Bull_Ring,_Birmingham) at Bull Ring shopping centre (/wiki/Bull_Ring_shopping_centre) and other locations in Westfield London (/wiki/Westfield_London) and Westfield Stratford City (/wiki/Westfield_Stratford_City) , Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham) . [14] (#cite_note-14) The company proceeded in September 2015 to open a store in Highcross Leicester (/wiki/Highcross_Leicester) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) and a 22,000 square-foot store at Karachi's Dolmen Mall (/wiki/Dolmen_City) Clifton. Brand identity [ edit ] The word Khaadi is coined from the word Khaddi (pronounced [kʰaːdiː], Khādī), meaning handloom (/wiki/Loom) . The fingers in the original logo signified the weavers’ hands and the work that goes into the final product. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) 1999 2010 2013 2018 2021–Present Collaborations [ edit ] Esra Bilgiç X Khaadi [17] (#cite_note-17) Khaadi appointed Ertugrul Ghazi famed, Esra Bilgiç (Khaadi x Esra) as the face of their brand for their television commercial. Khaadi represented Esra through their fashion as the woman of today. Khaadi x Coke Studio [18] (#cite_note-18) Khaadi was the first Pakistani fashion brand in the world to create Coke Studio branded merchandise. The collaboration between Khaadi and Coke Studio was launched on 17 January in Pakistan, U.A.E, and Saudi Arabia. Khaadi x Allure Khaadi x Allure by Mehreen Tabani was a jewelry collaboration consisting of a selection of pieces fused with modern and cultural designs. Khaadi x Esfir Khaadi x Esfir was a jewelry collaboration offering timeless pieces based on contemporary styles. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Khaadi comes Home to Lahore" (http://tribune.com.pk/story/899956/khaadi-comes-home-to-lahore/) . Mehek Saeed . The Express Tribune (/wiki/The_Express_Tribune) . 8 June 2015 . Retrieved 28 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Khaadi The Brand" (http://style.pk/tag/khaadi/) . Style.pk . Retrieved 4 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Rehman, Rida (1 September 2022). "Khaadi Pakistan – Brand Story, Collections, Speciality and Much More" (https://startuppakistan.com.pk/khaadi/) . Startup Pakistan . Retrieved 1 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Khaadi's multinational ambitions-Shamoon Sultan, CEO, Khaadi, on his vision for the brand and the future of prêt wear in Pakistan" (http://aurora.dawn.com/news/1141216/khaadis-multinational-ambitions) . Marylou Andrew . Dawn News (/wiki/Dawn_News) . 1 September 2015 . Retrieved 28 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20141117154126/http://www.beststylo.com/khaadi-summer-lawn-dresses-volume-2-for-women-2014/) Khaadi the label" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141117154126/http://www.beststylo.com/khaadi-summer-lawn-dresses-volume-2-for-women-2014/) . BestoStyle. 10 July 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.beststylo.com/khaadi-summer-lawn-dresses-volume-2-for-women-2014/) on 17 November 2014 . Retrieved 5 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Story, Brand (September 2022). "Collections, Speciality and Much More" (https://startuppakistan.com.pk/khaadi/) . Startup Pakistan . Retrieved 1 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Tirmizi, Farooq (25 September 2017). "Pakistan's first fashion billionaire?" (https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/09/25/pakistans-first-fashion-billionaires/) . Profit by Pakistan Today . Retrieved 13 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Khaadi Retail Project-Interior design, coordination and top supervision" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151208074059/http://asa.com.pk/projects/khaadi-retail/) . Arshad Shahid Abdulla. Archived from the original (http://asa.com.pk/projects/khaadi-retail/) on 8 December 2015 . Retrieved 28 November 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hasan, Taniya (28 December 2021). "Hit Refresh: Khaadi's Brand Asset Transformation" (https://aurora.dawn.com/news/1144267) . Aurora Magazine . Retrieved 20 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Khaadi is Wild About you and the New Experience Hub proves it" (https://www.hmagpak.com/15-Dec-2021/khaadi-is-wild-about-you-and-the-new-experience-hub-proves-it) . H! Pakistan . 15 December 2021 . Retrieved 20 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Khaadi announces $25mn investment from IFC" (https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/05/27/khaadi-announces-ifc-investment/) . Profit by Pakistan Today . 27 May 2022 . Retrieved 20 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Tanvir, Saad (27 May 2022). "Khaadi announces $25mn investment from IFC" (https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/05/27/khaadi-announces-ifc-investment/) . Profit by Pakistan Today . Retrieved 13 January 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Khaadi to open six regional stores in 2015" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/khaadi-to-open-six-regional-stores-in-2015/5067028.article) . Drapersonaline. 5 December 2014 . Retrieved 28 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Khaadi the fashion brand" (http://www.brandsynario.com/brand/khaadi) . Ufaq Ahfaque . Brandsynario. 2 July 2013 . Retrieved 5 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Khaadi steps out in London" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151208112126/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/khaadi-steps-london/#.VlnxhnYrLIV) . Aisha Jamil . 4 January 2015. Archived from the original (http://tns.thenews.com.pk/khaadi-steps-london/#.VlnxhnYrLIV) on 8 December 2015 . Retrieved 28 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Bullring move for Pakistani retailer Khaadi" (http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/commercial-property/bullring-move-pakistani-retailer-khaadi-8233927) . Graeme Brown . Birmingham Post (/wiki/Birmingham_Post) . 18 December 2014 . Retrieved 28 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "One Piece, Three Ways" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/2285056/one-piece-three-ways-khaadi-x-esra) . The Express Tribune . 19 February 2021 . Retrieved 20 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Team, Sunday (18 January 2022). "Music Meets Fashion As Coke Studio And Khaadi Unite" (https://sunday.com.pk/fashion/music-meets-fashion-as-coke-studio-and-khaadi-unite/) . Sunday . Retrieved 20 October 2022 . Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Pakistan (/wiki/Portal:Pakistan) companies (/wiki/Portal:Companies) fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e Pakistani fashion (/wiki/Pakistani_fashion) industry Designers (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_fashion_designers) Maheen Khan (/wiki/Maheen_Khan) Mehmood Bhatti (/wiki/Mehmood_Bhatti) Sadaf Malaterre (/wiki/Sadaf_Malaterre) Deepak Perwani (/wiki/Deepak_Perwani) Hassan Sheheryar Yasin (/wiki/Hassan_Sheheryar_Yasin) Shamoon Sultan (/wiki/Shamoon_Sultan) Fashion events Fashion Pakistan Week (/wiki/Fashion_Pakistan_Week) Islamabad Fashion Week (/wiki/Islamabad_Fashion_Week) Karachi Fashion Week (/wiki/Karachi_Fashion_Week) Lahore Fashion Week (/wiki/Lahore_Fashion_Week) PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Fashion schools International Fashion Academy Pakistan (/wiki/International_Fashion_Academy_Pakistan) Lahore School of Fashion Design (/wiki/Lahore_School_of_Fashion_Design) Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design (/wiki/Pakistan_Institute_of_Fashion_and_Design) Other Fashion Central (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Central_(Pakistani_magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) List of Pakistani models (/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_models) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) companies of Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) Amir Adnan (/wiki/Amir_Adnan) Bareezé (/wiki/Bareez%C3%A9) Gul Ahmed (/wiki/Gul_Ahmed) Khaadi Maria B (/wiki/Maria_B) Nishat Linen (/wiki/Nishat_Linen) Sapphire Retail (/wiki/Sapphire_Retail) Sana Safinaz (/wiki/Sana_Safinaz) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐lr6tf Cached time: 20240719073513 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.504 seconds Real time usage: 0.614 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2613/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 55776/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2216/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 89106/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.352/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 24492882/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 582.295 1 -total 26.32% 153.274 1 Template:Reflist 22.32% 129.953 18 Template:Cite_web 20.36% 118.542 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.48% 95.955 1 Template:Infobox 14.84% 86.441 1 Template:Lang-ur 12.59% 73.297 2 Template:Navbox 12.43% 72.396 1 Template:Pakistani_fashion 8.03% 46.733 1 Template:Short_description 6.30% 36.664 1 Template:Portal_bar Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44609607-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719073513 and revision id 1235431817. 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Lace worked with needle and thread on a ground fabric Embroidered lace is embroidered on a base using a needle (/wiki/Sewing_needle) . The base varies according to the type. Many techniques use a net, either woven or knotted. The net varies: Woven fabric with threads removed to make a grid ( Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) , Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) ) Machine made hexagonal net ( Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) , Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) , Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) ) Knotted square net (either hand-made or machine-made) ( Filet (/wiki/Filet_lace) ) [1] (#cite_note-1) Sol laces are embroidered in a circular pattern on radiating spokes of threads. These include Tenerife lace (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) and Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) lace. [2] (#cite_note-guild-2) 19C Limerick lace wedding veil Filet lace being worked. Tambour lace from Lier Ñandutí lace from Asunción Paraguay Tenerife lace References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-guild_2-0) Leader, Jean E. "Tenerife and Nanduti Lace" (https://www.lacetypes.com/tenerife.html) . Retrieved 26 July 2022 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐v7c6q Cached time: 20240719210704 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.299 seconds Real time usage: 0.500 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 517/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31447/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 704/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20120/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.178/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4250289/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 327.177 1 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Type of bobbin lace from Lille, France Lille lace Lille lace was a type of bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) that was made at Lille (/wiki/Lille) , also known as Rijsel. It was a lightweight lace popular in the eighteenth century in both black and white. It lacked the rich designs of Valenciennes lace (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) . Its quality declined after the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) , and by 1800 it was worn only by 'the most ordinary women'. In the first half of the nineteenth century the sketch-line designs, made only of gimp, were enclosed by a cloudy fond simple (/wiki/Bobbin_lace_ground) , relieved only by a scattering of tiny dots (point d'esprit). After the French Revolution of 1848 (/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848) , little was made commercially. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐wrxj2 Cached time: 20240721213914 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.249 seconds Real time usage: 0.348 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 472/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30239/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 582/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12481/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.159/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3817825/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 287.705 1 -total 38.34% 110.295 3 Template:Navbox 38.33% 110.270 1 Template:Lace_types 35.44% 101.949 1 Template:Reflist 30.08% 86.553 1 Template:Cite_book 25.49% 73.343 1 Template:Short_description 14.47% 41.639 2 Template:Pagetype 6.59% 18.952 3 Template:Main_other 5.78% 16.619 1 Template:SDcat 5.63% 16.209 2 Template:Portal-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44639378-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721213914 and revision id 1182088631. 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Australian sportswear company Not to be confused with X-Blades (/wiki/X-Blades) . XBlades Company type Private company (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) , footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Founded 1989 ; 35 years ago ( 1989 ) Founder David Miers Headquarters Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Area served Australia (/wiki/Australia) United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) United States (/wiki/United_States) Key people Leighton Richards (CEO) Products Teamwear (/wiki/Sportswear) , protective gear (/wiki/Protective_gear_in_sports) , football boots (/wiki/Football_boot) , clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Website xblades.com.au (https://xblades.com.au/) XBlades is an Australian sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) manufacturing company engaged in the design, development and selling of products primarily related to footwear (/wiki/Footwear) and clothing (/wiki/Clothing) . The company was established in 1989 to make shoes for athletes who played rugby union (/wiki/Rugby_union) and Australian rules football (/wiki/Australian_rules_football) . [1] (#cite_note-1) The company is the original creator of the bladed sole football boot (/wiki/Football_boot) , designed to minimize injury for athletes. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] XBlades was established by David Miers, a biomechanist who was listed with AFL (/wiki/Australian_Football_League) club Collingwood (/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club) in the 1980s. He suffered many knee injuries throughout his career, which he attributed to his studded boots (/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)) , leading him to create a rubber-soled shoe with X-shaped 'blades' as an alternative. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2016, XBlades was acquired by former Callaway Golf (/wiki/Callaway_Golf) director Leighton Richards and former AFL player Jimmy Bartel (/wiki/Jimmy_Bartel) . [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) List of fitness wear brands (/wiki/List_of_fitness_wear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "THE XBLADES STORY" (https://xblades.com.au/pages/frontpage) . XBlades . Retrieved 30 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Aussie brand revamps logo after record year" (https://internetretailing.com.au/aussie-brand-revamps-logo-record-year/) . Internet Retailing . 6 December 2017 . Retrieved 30 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Waterworth, Ben (22 November 2017). "AFL draft 2017: Gryan Miers looms as one of AFL's next big cult heroes" (https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/afl-draft-2017-gryan-miers-looms-as-one-of-afls-next-big-cult-heroes/news-story/90193e75d605471baad3dfaebb2499b5) . Fox Sports Australia (/wiki/Fox_Sports_Australia) . News Corp Australia (/wiki/News_Corp_Australia) . Retrieved 6 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Aussie brand revamps logo after record year" (https://internetretailing.com.au/aussie-brand-revamps-logo-record-year/) . Internet Retailing . 6 December 2017 . Retrieved 30 March 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://xblades.com.au/) v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. List by sport include only current products manufactured Multi-sports Acerbis (/wiki/Acerbis) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Admiral (/wiki/Admiral_Sportswear) AFA (/wiki/AFA_Sports) Alpine Pro (/wiki/Alpine_Pro) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) BLK (/wiki/BLK_(sportswear)) Burley-Sekem (/wiki/Burley-Sekem) Castore (/wiki/Castore) Champion (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) Charly (/wiki/Charly_(brand)) Classic (/wiki/Classic_Sportswear) Descente (/wiki/Descente) Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) ERKE (/wiki/ERKE) Erreà (/wiki/Erre%C3%A0) EvoShield (/wiki/EvoShield) FBT (/wiki/FBT_(company)) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Fischer (/wiki/Fischer_(company)) 4F (/wiki/4F_(company)) Garcis (/wiki/Garcis) Givova (/wiki/Givova) Grand Sport (/wiki/Grand_Sport_Group) Grays (/wiki/Grays_International) Head (/wiki/Head_(company)) Hummel (/wiki/Hummel_International) ISC (/wiki/ISC_(sportswear)) Jako (/wiki/Jako) Joma (/wiki/Joma) Kappa (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Kelme (/wiki/Kelme_(company)) Kookaburra (/wiki/Kookaburra_Sport) Le Coq Sportif (/wiki/Le_Coq_Sportif) Legea (/wiki/Legea) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Lotto (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) Luanvi (/wiki/Luanvi) Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) Macron (/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)) Majestic (/wiki/Majestic_Athletic) Mikasa (/wiki/Mikasa_Sports) Mitchell & Ness (/wiki/Mitchell_%26_Ness) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre_Sports_International) Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation) Molten (/wiki/Molten_Corporation) Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) On (/wiki/On_(company)) NAAI (/wiki/NAAI) New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Nivia (/wiki/Nivia_Sports) O'Neills (/wiki/O%27Neills) Peak (/wiki/Peak_Sport_Products) Penalty (/wiki/Penalty_(sports_manufacturer)) Poker (/wiki/Poker_(sports_manufacturer)) Pirma (/wiki/Pirma) Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Reusch (/wiki/Reusch_(company)) Russell (/wiki/Russell_Athletic) Schutt (/wiki/Schutt_Sports) Scott (/wiki/Scott_Sports) Signia (/wiki/Signia_(sportswear)) Skins (/wiki/Skins_(sportswear)) Slazenger (/wiki/Slazenger) Sportika (/wiki/Sportika) Starter (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Topper (/wiki/Topper_(brand)) Uhlsport (/wiki/Uhlsport) Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Voit (/wiki/Voit) XBlades Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Warrior (/wiki/Warrior_Sports) Warrix Sports (/wiki/Warrix_Sports) Wilson (/wiki/Wilson_Sporting_Goods) World Balance (/wiki/World_Balance) Yonex (/wiki/Yonex) 2XU (/wiki/2XU) Association football (/wiki/Association_football) Athleta (/wiki/Athleta_(company)) Bukta (/wiki/Bukta) Capelli (/wiki/Capelli_Sport) Finta (/wiki/Finta) Marathon (/wiki/Marathon_Sports) Nanque (/wiki/Nanque) Patrick (/wiki/Patrick_(sportswear_company)) Select (/wiki/Select_Sport) SIX5SIX (/wiki/SIX5SIX) Sport-Saller (/wiki/Sport-Saller) St Margaret's (/wiki/N._Corah_%26_Sons) Australian football (/wiki/Australian_rules_football) Cotton On (/wiki/Cotton_On) Sherrin (/wiki/Sherrin) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball) / softball (/wiki/Softball) DeMarini (/wiki/DeMarini) Louisville Slugger (/wiki/Hillerich_%26_Bradsby) Marucci (/wiki/Marucci_Sports) Nokona (/wiki/Nocona_Athletic_Goods_Company) Rawlings (/wiki/Rawlings_(company)) Basketball (/wiki/Basketball) AND1 (/wiki/AND1) First Ever (/wiki/First_Ever) Spalding (/wiki/Spalding_(company)) Boxing (/wiki/Boxing) Boxa (/wiki/Boxa) Everlast (/wiki/Everlast_(brand)) Lonsdale (/wiki/Lonsdale_(clothing)) Sting (/wiki/Sting_Sports) Twins Special (/wiki/Twins_Special) Cricket (/wiki/Cricket) CA (/wiki/CA_Sports) County (/wiki/Hunts_County) Dukes (/wiki/British_Cricket_Balls_Ltd) Duncan Fearnley (/wiki/Duncan_Fearnley) Gray-Nicolls (/wiki/Gray-Nicolls) Gunn & Moore (/wiki/Gunn_%26_Moore) Sanspareils Greenlands (/wiki/Sanspareils_Greenlands) Sareen (/wiki/Sareen_Sports_Industries) Stuart Surridge (/wiki/Stuart_Surridge) Cue sports (/wiki/Cue_sports) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_Corporation) Parris Cues (/wiki/Parris_Cues) Riley (/wiki/Riley_(brand)) Cycling (/wiki/Cycle_sport) Bell Sports (/wiki/Bell_Sports) Castelli (/wiki/Castelli_(brand)) Giro (/wiki/Giro_(company)) Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) Northwave (/wiki/Northwave) Santini SMS (/wiki/Santini_SMS) SIDI (/wiki/SIDI) Troy Lee (/wiki/Troy_Lee_Designs) Darts (/wiki/Darts) Winmau (/wiki/Winmau) Golf (/wiki/Golf) Adams (/wiki/Adams_Golf) Ashworth (/wiki/Ashworth_(clothing)) Bettinardi (/wiki/Bettinardi_Golf) Bridgestone (/wiki/Bridgestone_Golf) Callaway (/wiki/Callaway_Golf_Company) Cleveland (/wiki/Cleveland_Golf) Cobra (/wiki/Cobra_Golf) FootJoy (/wiki/FootJoy) Forgan (/wiki/Forgan_of_St_Andrews) John Letters (/wiki/John_Letters) MacGregor (/wiki/MacGregor_Golf) Maxfli (/wiki/Maxfli) OnCore (/wiki/OnCore_Golf) PXG (/wiki/Parsons_Xtreme_Golf) Penfold (/wiki/Penfold_Golf) Ping (/wiki/Ping_(golf)) Polara (/wiki/Polara_Golf) Srixon (/wiki/Srixon) TaylorMade (/wiki/TaylorMade) Titleist (/wiki/Titleist) Wilson Staff (/wiki/Wilson_Staff) Scotty Cameron (/wiki/Scotty_Cameron) Yamaha Golf (/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation) Gridiron football (/wiki/Gridiron_football) Riddell (/wiki/Riddell_Sports_Group) Handball (/wiki/Handball) Select (/wiki/Select_Sport) Ice hockey (/wiki/Ice_hockey) Bauer (/wiki/Bauer_Hockey) Canadien (/wiki/Canadien_(ice_hockey)) CCM (/wiki/CCM_(ice_hockey)) Hespeler (/wiki/Hespeler_Hockey) Itech (/wiki/Itech) Jofa (/wiki/Jofa) Koho (/wiki/Koho_(company)) Mission (/wiki/Mission_Hockey) Sher-Wood (/wiki/Sher-Wood) Titan (/wiki/Titan_(ice_hockey)) Vaughn (/wiki/Vaughn_Hockey) Martial arts (/wiki/Martial_arts) Fairtex (/wiki/Fairtex) Tapout (/wiki/Tapout_(clothing_brand)) Twins Special 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Type of bobbin lace from Bayeux, France Bayeux lace, late 19C Bayeux lace was bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) that was made at Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux) in Normandy, France. Caen was one of the major centres of the Bayeux lacemaking area. Three types of lace were produced there from the early 19th century under the management of Auguste Lefebure: the original blonde de Caen , with its sprinkling of point d'esprit in the cobwebby ground, and the suggestion of curved petals of shiny white silk along the border blonde mate (as in matt, a smooth close texture) in the Spanish style, made from 1829 the grillé blanc (French meaning a mesh or grill, half stitch), a form of white Chantilly lace (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) , fashionable 1800-1820, with a fond simple ground, with floral sprays worked in half stitch, using silk or flax. From 1850s, mainly black lace was produced. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐n97cc Cached time: 20240720151616 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.221 seconds Real time usage: 0.318 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 469/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30250/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 592/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12482/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.144/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3817837/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 268.897 1 -total 37.82% 101.705 3 Template:Navbox 37.78% 101.581 1 Template:Lace_types 33.34% 89.659 1 Template:Reflist 28.29% 76.063 1 Template:Short_description 28.13% 75.638 1 Template:Cite_book 14.18% 38.128 2 Template:Pagetype 5.83% 15.690 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck 5.69% 15.299 2 Template:Portal-inline 4.97% 13.367 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44649104-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720151616 and revision id 1182088677. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayeux_lace&oldid=1182088677 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayeux_lace&oldid=1182088677) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Textile arts of France (/wiki/Category:Textile_arts_of_France) Bayeux (/wiki/Category:Bayeux) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Type of bobbin lace made in Beveren Strook kloskant met gestileerde ronde bloem tussen twee dikke c-voluten, BK-1970-328 Beveren lace was bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) that was made at Beveren (/wiki/Beveren) a few miles west of Antwerp. Lille lace (/wiki/Lille_lace) , as well, as Belgium laces, was made there in the nineteenth century. [1] (#cite_note-1) The characteristics of Beveren lace are: It is a continuous lace, where the whole lace is made at the same time. The headside often has a straight border, adorned with picots (/wiki/Picot) . Typical motifs are flowers (feathers), accentuated by a gimp thread (/wiki/Gimp_(thread)) . There are square tallies or leaves. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kantschool Artofil (1984). Lace from Beveren . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . Retrieved 9 December 2014 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐9862t Cached time: 20240720164654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.434 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 510/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31849/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 552/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16158/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.182/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4248533/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 377.357 1 -total 37.24% 140.516 1 Template:Reflist 32.23% 121.612 1 Template:Lace_types 32.17% 121.400 3 Template:Navbox 31.84% 120.136 2 Template:Cite_book 29.72% 112.146 1 Template:Short_description 13.12% 49.523 2 Template:Pagetype 12.50% 47.157 3 Template:Main_other 11.73% 44.264 1 Template:SDcat 4.04% 15.251 2 Template:Portal-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44649219-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720164654 and revision id 1182088669. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beveren_lace&oldid=1182088669 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beveren_lace&oldid=1182088669) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Textile arts of Belgium (/wiki/Category:Textile_arts_of_Belgium) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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A continuous bobbin lace distinguished from Guipure 18th century Mesh grounded lace is a continuous bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) also known as straight lace. Continuous bobbin lace is made in one piece on a lace pillow (/wiki/Lace_pillow) . The threads of the ground enter motifs, then leave to join the ground again further down the process, all made in one go. This is different from part lace (/wiki/Part_lace) , where the motifs are created separately, then joined together afterwards. Mesh grounded lace is a group of lace types that may look very different but share several common properties. Classification: Context and sub types of mesh laces [ edit ] In the middle of the eighteenth century, many laces could be definitely named by their grounds. In 1820–30 lace making was so widespread that names refer to a kind of lace and no longer to the place where it was made. [1] (#cite_note-reigate-1) : 30 The inherently complex study of lace is further complicated by the use of foreign terms, of alternative terms, and by contradictory usage. [2] (#cite_note-earnshawID-2) : 26–27 Moreover, lace makers have other viewpoints than collectors and curators, so classification is not a black-and-white discussion. The following overview follows a construction point of view that is recognizable when looking into the minute details, but even with this approach the exception proves the rule. Continuous bobbin lace also known as: straight lace or fil continu. Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) (motives connected with plaits [2] (#cite_note-earnshawID-2) : glossary ) Motives connected with mesh , also known as: net, ground, réseau (French, network) or fond (French, ground). A worker pair in the motives, also known as a weaver pair Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) (45° grid), Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) (pins only at the edges) Point ground (grid of 52°–70°, usually 60°, never 45° [3] (#cite_note-3) : 146 ) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) , Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) , Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) , Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) , Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) , Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) , Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) , Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Two pair per pin Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) , Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ring pair [4] (#cite_note-niven-4) : 27 Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) , Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) (45°), Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) , Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Worker pair versus two pair per pin [ edit ] Dense areas of lace have the worker pair acting like wefts weaving to and fro, and passive threads hanging downwards, like warps. In point ground, the workers stay in the dense area, and the passives join or leave, one pair per pin (the pins define the pattern). [5] (#cite_note-robinson-5) The worker properties also apply to Torchon and Freehand lace. The images below compare fragments of lace with a similar ground. Flanders uses a single pin in the centre of the rectangles, the Torchon Rose ground uses a pin at each edge of the rectangle. The Torchon motif has a weaver in the dense motive, the Flanders motive has no pair making U-turns around pins. Flanders lace (/wiki/Flanders_lace) : a single pin (red dot) connects two pairs of the ground with the motif Color coded diagram of the Flanders sample Torchon lace (/wiki/Torchon_lace) : two pins (red dots) connect two pairs of the ground with the motif Ring pair [ edit ] The Flanders sample illustrating the two pair per pin principle also shows a ring pair: a pair following the shape of the motive, but unlike the gimp (/wiki/Gimp_(thread)) it has some distance. Another example of a ring pair Belgian color code [ edit ] Many pattern books and directions for making lace were printed in the first half of the sixteenth century; but very few were printed after about 1565. [1] (#cite_note-reigate-1) : 11 Originally skilled lacemakers made samples of new designs that were passed around to less skilled lace makers. At the time this was the only way of learning new designs. [4] (#cite_note-niven-4) : 17 To date we have instruction and pattern books with diagrams. As bobbin lace is worked by plaiting or weaving pairs of threads, lines in many diagrams represent pairs, less elaborate to draw and easier to read large sections. Basic lessons or special tricks are explained with thread diagrams. Black and white pair diagrams do not contain enough information to reproduce the intricate mesh laces. The Kantnormaalschool (School of Lace Teaching) founded in Bruges (/wiki/Bruges) in 1911 developed a color code. [4] (#cite_note-niven-4) : 18 Simply put: where lines cross, a color indicates what to do at that point. The method is commonly accepted and applied in modern pattern books. Especially for mesh laces though other types of lace types may also benefit from the drawing technique. Corners and joining [ edit ] Before the mid-nineteenth century, not many corners were designed. For commercial use straight length were cut and rejoined or gathered to fit around a corner. After the First World War lace-making became a craft and manufacturing was no longer and issue. [4] (#cite_note-niven-4) : 36 To close a square for a handkerchief, still two parts need to be joined. After overlapping and exactly matching the pattern, stitches are oversewn with a thinner thread that exactly matches the color of the lace. [4] (#cite_note-niven-4) : 24–26 Wherever possible avoid sewing in cloth stitch, in corners and in open ground, [6] (#cite_note-Löhr-6) : 18–22 in other words: don't sew along a straight line but carefully choose the path for the sewings to make it as little visible as possible. Other methods are needle weaving, and the detour technique with knots or overlapping threads. [6] (#cite_note-Löhr-6) : 7 A Flanders edge reaching an overlapped section for sewing Overlapped Flanders lace, repinned to stay in shape and be sewn over (much) later Cutting off excess material of another Flanders exercise Mixed Torchon exercise of detour knots and overlapped sewing Front of the mixed exercise References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Reigate, Emily (1986). An Illustrated Guide to Lace (1988 ed.). Antique Collers' Club Ltd. p. 44. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-85149-003-5 . ^ Jump up to: a b Earnshaw, Pat (1985). The Identification of Lace . De Bilt: Cantecleer. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9021302179 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Nottingham, Pamela (1995). The technique of Bobbn Lace . London: Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-486-29205-3 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Niven, Mary (1998). Flanders Lace, a step by step guide (paperback 2003 ed.). London: Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0713488158 . ^ (#cite_ref-robinson_5-0) Pam Robinson. Point Ground Lace . ^ Jump up to: a b Löhr, Ulrike (2000). The beginning of the end . Stuttgart: frech. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3772426956 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6mf8p Cached time: 20240721140650 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.372 seconds Real time usage: 0.488 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3722/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44340/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1613/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40166/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.200/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4988149/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 425.097 1 -total 28.87% 122.720 1 Template:Reflist 24.63% 104.702 3 Template:Navbox 24.50% 104.132 1 Template:Lace_types 23.78% 101.109 6 Template:Cite_book 18.41% 78.255 12 Template:Rp 17.41% 74.012 1 Template:Short_description 16.67% 70.871 12 Template:R/superscript 10.26% 43.620 2 Template:Pagetype 8.56% 36.407 36 Template:R/where Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44663774-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721140650 and revision id 1142476150. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace&oldid=1142476150 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace&oldid=1142476150) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Bobbin lace using point de Paris ground Paris lace Point de Paris ground in Flemish lace Type Lace (/wiki/Lace) Production method Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Production process Craft production (/wiki/Craft_production) Place of origin Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Introduced 18th century Example of Point de Paris lace from a 1904 text Black silk sample from the Fashion Museum of Antwerp Detail Paris lace, 18th century Point de Paris is a French bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) of the 18th century, with slender trailing designs in a point de Paris ground (/wiki/Bobbin_lace_ground) . It was a simple lace, and did not compete with those of Flanders. It was revived in the late 19th century for trimming lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) and 'fancy linen'. [1] (#cite_note-1) Point de Paris ground is used in other lace styles as well. It has many other names: six-point star - from the shape fond chant - it formed the ground of 19th-century Chantilly lace (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) ) fond double Kat stitch - there was a tradition that Catherine of Aragorn started the tradition of Bedfordshire lace (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) French ground - it was used in 18th century French peasant lace wire ground - the intertwining of the threads looks like a wire mesh It is also found in Antwerp lace (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) , Chantilly lace (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) and Bucks Point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Point de Paris (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Point_de_Paris) . ^ (#cite_ref-1) Goldenberg, Samuel L. (1904). Lace: Its Origin and History . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐xwckf Cached time: 20240720193055 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.388 seconds Real time usage: 0.595 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 768/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36555/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1024/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18667/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.243/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4195079/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 417.205 1 -total 31.49% 131.377 3 Template:Navbox 31.42% 131.078 1 Template:Lace_types 26.30% 109.716 1 Template:Reflist 22.15% 92.410 2 Template:Cite_book 21.55% 89.917 1 Template:Short_description 12.23% 51.021 2 Template:Pagetype 10.73% 44.769 1 Template:Infobox_textile 9.96% 41.537 1 Template:Infobox 9.33% 38.939 1 Template:Commons_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44675739-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720193055 and revision id 1193837740. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris_lace&oldid=1193837740 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris_lace&oldid=1193837740) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Type of bobbin lace from Flanders, Belgium Flanders lace Closeup of an exercise with five-hole ground Type Lace (/wiki/Lace) Production method Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Production process Craft production (/wiki/Craft_production) Place of origin Flanders (/wiki/Flanders) , Belgium Flanders edging made at Kantcentrum in Bruges, Belgium. Flanders lace (point de Flandres) was made in Flanders (/wiki/Flanders) , which was particularly well known for its bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) . The supreme epoch of Flemish lace lasted from about 1550-1750. The lacemaking areas of Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) , Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) , Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) and Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) are regarded as Flemish. They made mesh ground (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) continuous lace. Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) made part lace (/wiki/Part_lace) which is non-continuous. [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw-1) The ground [ edit ] Old Flanders lace began by making Torchon lace (/wiki/Torchon_lace) , then used early five-hole ground (/wiki/Bobbin_lace_ground) . Today, the term Flanders lace is more usually applied to a late 19th century revival of the five-hole grounded lace. [2] (#cite_note-niven-2) Classical variations have pairs crossing at the tips of the rectangles, a modern variation crosses just threads what creates a more rectangular impression. Modern variations also use less pins at the headside and footside. [2] (#cite_note-niven-2) Both changes make the modern interpretation slightly quicker to create but also more vulnerable, but modern lacemakers tend to frame their work rather than apply it on clothing. The similar rose ground in Torchon lace (/wiki/Torchon_lace) uses four pins at the edges of the rectangles, Flanders uses just one pin in the centre. Names for the ground: five-hole ground cinq trou virgin ground fond à la vierge rose stitch or rose ground. [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mary Niven (1988). Flanders Lace . Dryad. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85219-691-1 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Point de Flandres (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Point_de_Flandres) . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mhnv7 Cached time: 20240720225635 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.318 seconds Real time usage: 0.425 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 782/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36249/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1083/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19037/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.205/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4398683/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities 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Dutch fashion photographer and film director Philip Mond Nationality Dutch (/wiki/Netherlands) Occupation(s) Fashion photographer (/wiki/Fashion_photography) and film director (/wiki/Film_director) Years active 1995 – present Known for adult erotic films (/wiki/Erotic_photography) Awards Seven AVN Awards (1998) (/wiki/AVN_Awards#Winners_1995–1999) , [1] (#cite_note-AVN1998-1) AVN Award (2009) (/wiki/AVN_Awards#Winners_2005–2009) , [2] (#cite_note-AVN2009-2) and Hot d'Or Award (1998) (/wiki/Hot_d%27Or) : [3] (#cite_note-archive1998-3) For Zazel (US,1997) (/wiki/Zazel:_The_Scent_of_Love) . Philip Mond is a Dutch fashion photographer (/wiki/Fashion_photography) and film director (/wiki/Film_director) . In some of his films, he was also an actor (/wiki/Actor) , costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , set designer (/wiki/Scenic_design) and make-up artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) . [4] (#cite_note-IMDB-MondBio-4) Mond won numerous awards for his films, including for the 1997 adult film Zazel: The Scent of Love (/wiki/Zazel:_The_Scent_of_Love) . Over the years, Mond has worked with many actresses, including Penthouse magazine's Pets of the Month, like Sasha Vinni (Pet of the Month for September 1991 and Pet of the Year for 1994), [5] (#cite_note-PH-SashaVinni-5) Gina LaMarca (May 1993; Pet of the Year 1995) [6] (#cite_note-PH-GinaLaMarca-6) and Nikie St. Gilles (March 1997 and Pet of the Year 1999). [7] (#cite_note-PH-NikieStGiles-7) Philip Mond's real-life partner, Gina Mond, a former Penthouse model, [8] (#cite_note-PH-GinaMond-8) starred in several films made by the director, including Insexts (2006) and Sinema (2007). [9] (#cite_note-XB-20080420-9) Awards (selected) [ edit ] Zazel: The Scent of Love (/wiki/Zazel:_The_Scent_of_Love) is listed as "26th" in "The 101 Greatest Adult Tapes Of All Time" by AVN magazine (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . [10] (#cite_note-AVN2001-10) Zazel: The Scent of Love (/wiki/Zazel:_The_Scent_of_Love) – Winner – Seven AVN Awards (1998) (/wiki/AVN_Awards#Winners_1995–1999) : [1] (#cite_note-AVN1998-1) Best All-Sex Film Best Group Scene Best Cinematography Best Art Direction Best Editing ( James Avalon (/wiki/James_Avalon) ) Best Overall Marketing Campaign Best Selling Tape of the Year Zazel – Winner – Hot d'Or Award (1998) (/wiki/Hot_d%27Or) : [3] (#cite_note-archive1998-3) Best New American Director (Philip Mond) Zazel – Winner – AVN Award (2009) (/wiki/AVN_Awards#Winners_2005–2009) : [2] (#cite_note-AVN2009-2) Best Classic Release (Two-Disc DVD: HD (/wiki/High_Definition_video) Widescreen (/wiki/Widescreen) Re-Mastered (/wiki/Remastered) ) Sinema – Nominations – Two AVN Award (/wiki/AVN_Award) Nominations (2008): [11] (#cite_note-IMDB-MondAwards-11) Best Director – Non-Feature – AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nomination Best Videography – AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nomination Filmography (selected) [ edit ] Making of the Carousel Girls Calendar (1993) Sex Off the Runway (1996) Zazel: The Scent of Love (/wiki/Zazel:_The_Scent_of_Love) (1997) Amazing Sex Talk 1 (1998) The World of Philip Mond (1999) Insexts (2006) Sinema (2007) See also [ edit ] Andrew Blake (/wiki/Andrew_Blake_(director)) Helmut Newton (/wiki/Helmut_Newton) Michael Ninn (/wiki/Michael_Ninn) Radley Metzger (/wiki/Radley_Metzger) Tinto Brass (/wiki/Tinto_Brass) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b AVN Staff (January 1998). "The 1998 AVN Award Winners" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120316014832/http://avnawards.avn.com/past-shows/past-winners/1998/) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://avnawards.avn.com/past-shows/past-winners/1998/) on 16 March 2012 . Retrieved 16 December 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b AVN Staff (January 2009). "The 2009 AVN Award Winners" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120608085344/http://avnawards.avn.com/past-shows/past-winners/2009/) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://avnawards.avn.com/past-shows/past-winners/2009/) on 8 June 2012 . Retrieved 16 December 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Staff (25 August 2007). "Hot d'Or 1998 Winners" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070825141007/http://www.hotdor.org/hot-dor-1998-winners.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.hotdor.org/hot-dor-1998-winners.htm) on 25 August 2007 . Retrieved 18 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-IMDB-MondBio_4-0) IMDb Staff (2014). "Philip Mond - Biography and Filmography" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597689/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved 16 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-PH-SashaVinni_5-0) Staff (2014). "Penthouse Magazine - Sasha Vinni" (http://penthouse.com/vodhbs/model/17974/view.html) . Penthouse (/wiki/Penthouse_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-PH-GinaLaMarca_6-0) Staff (2014). "Penthouse Magazine - Gina La Marca" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150501060032/http://penthouse.com/vodhbs/model/17839/view.html) . Penthouse (/wiki/Penthouse_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://penthouse.com/vodhbs/model/17839/view.html) on 1 May 2015 . Retrieved 20 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-PH-NikieStGiles_7-0) Staff (2014). "Penthouse Magazine - Nikie St. Gilles" (http://penthouse.com/vodhbs/model/6687/view.html) . Penthouse (/wiki/Penthouse_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-PH-GinaMond_8-0) Staff (2014). "Penthouse Magazine - Gina Mond" (http://penthouse.com/vodhbs/model/18713/view.html) . Penthouse (/wiki/Penthouse_(magazine)) . Retrieved 21 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-XB-20080420_9-0) Cachapero, Joanne (20 April 2008). "GinaMond.com Rolls Out Revamped" (http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=92744) . XBIZ (/wiki/XBIZ) . Retrieved 21 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-AVN2001_10-0) AVN Staff (August 2001). "The 101 Greatest Adult Tapes Of All Time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20011004222843/http://www.adultvideonews.com/cover/otc0801_03.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.adultvideonews.com/cover/otc0801_03.html) on 4 October 2001 . Retrieved 16 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-IMDB-MondAwards_11-0) IMDb Staff (2014). "Philip Mond Awards" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597689/awards?ref_=nm_awd) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved 16 December 2014 . External links [ edit ] Philip Mond (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597689/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Philip Mond on LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/philipmond) Philip Mond at the AFDB (http://www.adultfilmdatabase.com/director.cfm?directorid=48) Philip Mond (https://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=PMond/gender=d) at the Internet Adult Film Database (/wiki/Internet_Adult_Film_Database) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Society (/wiki/Portal:Society) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Film (/wiki/Portal:Film) Netherlands (/wiki/Portal:Netherlands) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐lx4zk Cached time: 20240712134128 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.347 seconds Real time usage: 0.461 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2398/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 25452/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1869/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45614/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.202/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6085338/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 426.688 1 -total 32.80% 139.960 1 Template:Reflist 28.54% 121.775 11 Template:Cite_web 25.96% 110.765 1 Template:Infobox_person 16.13% 68.833 1 Template:Short_description 9.31% 39.743 2 Template:Pagetype 8.38% 35.736 1 Template:Portal_bar 7.76% 33.091 21 Template:Main_other 5.15% 21.959 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.79% 20.429 1 Template:IMDb_name Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44744644-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712134128 and revision id 1190768672. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Mond&oldid=1190768672 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Mond&oldid=1190768672) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Dutch photographers (/wiki/Category:Dutch_photographers) Fashion photographers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_photographers) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from December 2014 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2014) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles using Template:IAFD name (/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Template:IAFD_name) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
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Background mesh in continuous bobbin lace Bobbin lace ground is the regular small mesh filling the open spaces of continuous bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) . Other names for bobbin lace ground are net or réseau (French for network). The precise course of the threads and the resultant shape of the ground are an important diagnostic feature in lace identification, as different lace styles use different grounds. [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) Point ground [ edit ] Point ground is also known as fond simple or simple ground, fond clair , Lille, point, net ground or Bucks Point ground. Grid angle: 52°-70°, usually 60°, never 45° [2] (#cite_note-2) : 146 It is a simple hexagonal mesh. Each stitch uses a pair of threads on each side. Some threads travel diagonally, and some move to left, then back to right, from stitch to stitch. This ground is used in Bucks Point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) , Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) , Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) , and blonde lace (/wiki/Blonde_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) Bucks Point ground Torchon ground [ edit ] Torchon ground and double Torchon ground are used in Torchon lace (/wiki/Torchon_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) Grid angle: 45° Each stitch uses a pair of threads on each side. In Torchon ground, the threads cross over. In double Torchon ground they cross and return to the same side they started. Torchon ground a variation called Dieppe [3] (#cite_note-DMC-3) Double torchon ground Mechlin ground [ edit ] Mechlin is used in Mechlin lace (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) Grid angle: 45° Each stitch uses a pair of threads on each side. It is similar to double Torchon ground, except there is no pin, and there may be more or less half stitches involved. Similar grounds are Brussels ground, Droschel, vrai reseau and bobbin mesh. Mechlin ground Five Holes Ground [ edit ] This ground is known as Rose ground , Point a la Vierge , fond de Mariage , fond de Flandres [4] (#cite_note-4) is also known as cinq trous or five hole or virgin ground, or rose stitch. Not to be confused with the Dutch Rozengrond, what would be a literal translation but is used for the honeycomb ground. [5] (#cite_note-5) Grid angle: 45° The appearance looks like a little rose, and there are four holes in the corners plus one in the centre. Each stitch uses two pairs of threads on each side. There are several different types of rose ground. It is found in Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) and other Flanders lace (/wiki/Flanders_lace) , early Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) , Torchon lace (/wiki/Torchon_lace) and yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) Rose ground in Torchon lace, pins at the edges of each rectangle Flanders ground, same stitches, just a pin in the center of each rectangle Another form of Rose ground, applying the double Torchon ground Rose ground sampler Point de Paris [ edit ] Point de Paris is also called fond double or double ground, Kat stitch, wire, French, six-point star, star, star-pointed ground, hairpin stitch, fond chant . The ground has hexagons and triangles, making a star-shaped mesh. It is found in point de Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) , and in some Bucks point lace (/wiki/Bucks_point) , Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) , Antwerp lace (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) and Ipswich lace (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Point de Paris Valenciennes ground [ edit ] Valenciennes ground is also known as square or diamond mesh. Each stitch uses two pairs of threads on each side, which are plaited between the stitches. This gives the distinctive diamond look to the ground. This ground is used in Valenciennes lace (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) Valenciennes ground Snowflake ground [ edit ] Snowflake ground is also known as fond de neige , partridge eye or oeil de perdix . This ground is the characteristic ground of Binche lace (/wiki/Binche_lace) , and is sometimes found in Mechlin lace (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) ringed snowflake ground Honeycomb ground [ edit ] Honeycomb ground is also known as fond de mariage . Grid angle: usually 60° This ground is found in Bucks Point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) . [1] (#cite_note-earnshaw1-1) It is also used in Chantilly lace (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) and Binche lace (/wiki/Binche_lace) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Honeycomb ground References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Pat Earnshaw (1984). A Dictionary of Lace . Shire Publications. p. 144. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-85263-700-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Nottingham, Pamela (1995). The technique of Bobbin Lace . London: Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-486-29205-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-DMC_3-0) Dillmont, de, Therèse (1921). Les dentelles aux Fuseaux, 1st Serie (PDF) . Mulhouse: Bibliothèque DMC. Archived from the original (http://www.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/books/dt_fuseaux_1.pdf) (PDF) on 2015-09-23 . Retrieved 2014-12-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "La dentelle, une riche tradition - Kantcentrum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161220222128/http://kantcentrum.eu/fr/decouvrez/kant-rijke-traditie/) . Archived from the original (http://kantcentrum.eu/fr/decouvrez/kant-rijke-traditie/) on 2016-12-20 . Retrieved 2016-12-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Antonides, Gerrie. Grondenlap in Torchon . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Thompson, Karen H. (2017). The lace samples from Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1789-1790 : history, patterns, and working diagrams for 22 lace samples preserved at the Library of Congress . Library of Congress (1st ed.). [Washington, DC?]. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9990385-0-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1059518280 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1059518280) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Marion Powys. Lace and Lacemaking . Charles T. Branford Company. v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐ncbmt Cached time: 20240720152837 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.321 seconds Real time usage: 0.428 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1084/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40287/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 690/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46704/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.188/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4979944/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 365.194 1 -total 35.12% 128.247 1 Template:Reflist 30.12% 109.981 3 Template:Navbox 29.87% 109.088 1 Template:Lace_types 28.23% 103.097 6 Template:Cite_book 18.31% 66.858 1 Template:Short_description 11.36% 41.504 2 Template:Pagetype 6.65% 24.298 1 Template:Rp 5.24% 19.150 1 Template:R/superscript 4.11% 14.996 2 Template:Portal-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44829654-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720152837 and revision id 1135897973. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobbin_lace_ground&oldid=1135897973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobbin_lace_ground&oldid=1135897973) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Type of bobbin tape lace from Slovenia You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrijska_%C4%8Dipka) in Slovene . (December 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Slovene Wikipedia article at [[:sl:Idrijska čipka]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|sl|Idrijska čipka}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Idrija_lace) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . A doily made from Idrija lace Idrija lace Idrija lace is a bobbin (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) lace (/wiki/Lace) , native to Slovenia (/wiki/Slovenia) . The tape is made with bobbins at the same time as the rest of the lace, curving back on itself, and joined using a crochet hook (/wiki/Crochet_hook) . References [ edit ] v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) This textile arts (/wiki/Textile_arts) article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Type of bobbin tape lace from Saxony Schneeberg lace is a bobbin (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) lace (/wiki/Lace) . The tape is made with bobbins at the same time as the rest of the lace, curving back on itself, and joined using a crochet hook (/wiki/Crochet_hook) . This type of lace is developed about 1910 in Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg,_Saxony) . References [ edit ] https://australianlaceguild.com.au/about-lace/types-of-lace/braid-lace/ (https://australianlaceguild.com.au/about-lace/types-of-lace/braid-lace/) v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) This textile arts (/wiki/Textile_arts) article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Two types of floral lace Rosaline lace is a late 17th-century Venetian needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) , and a late 19th-century bobbin part lace (/wiki/Part_lace) imitation. A Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) variant with needle lace pearls is called Rosaline Perlée . The variant made in Bruges (/wiki/Bruges) lacked the pearls. Panel (possibly Belgium), early 18th century (CH 18444625) contemporary fragments unlike tradition all bundles on the back History [ edit ] In the 1870s the second French empire collapsed, concurrently fashion changed. The cheaper guipures were affected but the better Brussels laces stayed in demand for wedding trousseaux. Designs and technique however remained much the same. [1] (#cite_note-1) Individuality of lace types decreased and interest for making lace as a hobby increased. In the 1880s the lace industry revived with imitations of old laces. [2] (#cite_note-2) Aalst (/wiki/Aalst,_Belgium) developed a lace with a technique based on Duchesse lace (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_Duchesse) . The frequent little roses gave the lace its name: Rosaline. The same name has been used for a seventeenth century Venetian needle lace with similar design. The Belgian Rosaline was produced until the 1950s and rediscovered in 1980s. [3] (#cite_note-eemans-3) The lace is flexible to changing fashion. Worn and unsold pieces could be reassembled. [4] (#cite_note-kantbrief-4) Features [ edit ] Characteristic features are the roses with three or five petals, frequently arranged in trails. Unlike the Duchesse, the lace has no gimps. A Brussels variant has needle lace pearls mounted on the hearts of the roses, a Brugges variant lacks the pearls. A special variant connects the flowers with short crinkly edges. Another variant has needle lace fillings. The lace was almost exclusively made of fine linen threads. [5] (#cite_note-earnshawID-5) A piece of lace may look irregular when different parts were created by different people, tension and number of pairs may vary. [4] (#cite_note-kantbrief-4) The lace requires six or seven pairs. [3] (#cite_note-eemans-3) The parts are worked more or less of tapes, mainly in cloth stitch. Each part starts and ends with a bundle, a shortcut [3] (#cite_note-eemans-3) for starting and tying off each pair individually. Traditionally these bundles are both on the front and on the back of the lace. [4] (#cite_note-kantbrief-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Toomer, Heather (1989). Lace: a guide to identification of old lace types and techniques . London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. pp. 99, 177. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Levey, Santina M. (/wiki/Santina_M._Levey) (1983). Lace: a history . W.S. Manye & Son Ltd. pp. 3, 109, 112. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 090128615X . ^ Jump up to: a b c Eemans-Moors, Ghislaine (1985). Rosaline Lace . Batsford. pp. 8, 17. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0713476036 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Kruyskamp, Ineke; Scheele-Kerkhof, Yvonne. "Kijken naar kant (Looking at Lace)". Kantbrief (2002–1): 10–11. ^ (#cite_ref-earnshawID_5-0) Earnshaw, Pat (1985). The Identification of Lace . De Bilt: Cantecleer. p. 104. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9021302179 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐t95d5 Cached time: 20240720214332 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.277 seconds Real time usage: 0.370 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 662/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35183/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 476/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26889/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.175/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4192220/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 307.056 1 -total 39.06% 119.931 1 Template:Reflist 36.27% 111.357 1 Template:Lace_types 36.13% 110.952 3 Template:Navbox 31.24% 95.912 4 Template:Cite_book 23.16% 71.119 1 Template:Short_description 14.05% 43.153 2 Template:Pagetype 6.01% 18.448 2 Template:Portal-inline 4.52% 13.876 3 Template:Main_other 3.81% 11.705 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44916275-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720214332 and revision id 1182088235. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosaline_lace&oldid=1182088235 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosaline_lace&oldid=1182088235) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
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Spanish jewelry company WikiMiniAtlas 40°39′16″N 3°35′57″W / 40.654389°N 3.599269°W / 40.654389; -3.599269 Carrera y Carrera Company type S.A. (corporation) (/wiki/S.A._(corporation)) Industry Jewelers (/wiki/Jeweler) , Silversmiths (/wiki/Silversmiths) Founded 1885 Headquarters Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) Area served Worldwide Website www.carreraycarrera.com (http://www.carreraycarrera.com) Carrera y Carrera headquarters in San Agustín del Guadalix (/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn_del_Guadalix) , Madrid (/wiki/Community_of_Madrid) . "Carrera y Carrera" boutique on Serrano Street (/w/index.php?title=Calle_de_Serrano_(Madrid)&action=edit&redlink=1) in Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) . Carrera y Carrera is a Spanish jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) company (/wiki/Company) . [1] (#cite_note-CCEP-1) [2] (#cite_note-CCV-2) [3] (#cite_note-FFS-3) [4] (#cite_note-BOS-4) [5] (#cite_note-EP-5) [6] (#cite_note-RTVE-6) Headquartered in San Agustín del Guadalix (/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn_del_Guadalix) , Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) , its origins date back to 1885 when Saturio Esteban Carrera opened a small jewelry workshop in the Barrio de las Letras. [7] (#cite_note-AJ-7) During the 1970s, his great-grandsons Manuel Carrera and Juan José Carrera (/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Carrera) created the brand, after which the company has had several owners. [8] (#cite_note-ME-8) [9] (#cite_note-NEP-9) Currently the company has subsidiaries in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , and UAE (/wiki/UAE) . [10] (#cite_note-EA-10) [11] (#cite_note-JE-11) In 2000, Manuel Carrera received a Medal from the Russian Academy of Arts (/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Arts) . [5] (#cite_note-EP-5) Currently, the Spanish Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (/wiki/Academia_de_las_Artes_y_las_Ciencias_Cinematogr%C3%A1ficas_de_Espa%C3%B1a) grants a Carrera y Carrera ring for its Maja de los Goya award during its Goya Awards (/wiki/Goya_Awards) ceremony. [12] (#cite_note-AC-12) [13] (#cite_note-PG-13) [14] (#cite_note-HO-14) Also the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia (/wiki/National_Academy_of_Motion_Pictures_Arts_and_Sciences_of_Russia) grants with the Golden Eagle Award (Russia) (/wiki/Golden_Eagle_Award_(Russia)) designed by Carrera y Carrera. [15] (#cite_note-KA-15) History [ edit ] In 1885 Saturio Esteban Carrera (/w/index.php?title=Saturio_Esteban_Carrera&action=edit&redlink=1) moved from Alcalá de Henares (/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares) to Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) and opened a small jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) workshop in the area known as Barrio de las Letras (/w/index.php?title=Barrio_de_las_Letras&action=edit&redlink=1) . His son, José Esteban Carrera (/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Esteban_Carrera&action=edit&redlink=1) , after completing his lapidary studies in Paris (/wiki/Paris) in 1920, continued the jewelry tradition in Madrid, which in turn was carried on by his 4 nephews: José, Saturio, Pedro, and Andrés. [7] (#cite_note-AJ-7) In the 1970s, Saturio’s great-grandsons Manuel Carrera and Juan José Carrera created the brand; the company has had several owners since then. [9] (#cite_note-NEP-9) In 1960, the company received the commission to make the wedding tiara (/wiki/Tiara) of Queen Fabiola of Belgium (/wiki/Queen_Fabiola_of_Belgium) for her royal wedding with King Baudouin of Belgium (/wiki/Baudouin_of_Belgium) ; after this achievement, the brand was positioned as one of the most recognizable luxury brands internationally. [4] (#cite_note-BOS-4) In 1979, Carrera y Carrera expanded to the United States (/wiki/United_States) , in 1994 to Russia (/wiki/Russia) , and in 2013 it opened its first boutique in China (/wiki/China) . In 1989, Queen Sofía of Spain (/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) was patroness of the presentation in the Royal Palace of Madrid (/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid) of the sculptural piece “The Ark of Discovery of the Fifth Centennial” that later was exhibited in Madrid’s City Hall (/w/index.php?title=Madrid%E2%80%99s_City_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1) . In 1992, the company’s new facilities opened in San Agustín del Guadalix (/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn_del_Guadalix) . In 2000, Miriam, Princess of Turnovo (/wiki/Miriam,_Princess_of_Turnovo) , joined the design team. Between 2002 and 2006 Lladró (/wiki/Lladr%C3%B3) took over control of the company. [16] (#cite_note-EP1-16) Manuel Carrera (/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Carrera&action=edit&redlink=1) , founder of the brand, once again created collections. In 2019 the company went into judicial liquidation and closed. Models Eugenia Silva (/wiki/Eugenia_Silva) , Almudena Fernández (/wiki/Almudena_Fern%C3%A1ndez) , and Alejandra Alonso (/wiki/Alejandra_Alonso) have been the face of the jewelry house. [17] (#cite_note-AA-17) Celebrities such as Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) , Demi Moore (/wiki/Demi_Moore) , Lady GaGa (/wiki/Lady_GaGa) , Olivia Wilde (/wiki/Olivia_Wilde) , Olivia Palermo (/wiki/Olivia_Palermo) , and Christina Hendricks (/wiki/Christina_Hendricks) also regularly wear the brand’s designs. [3] (#cite_note-FFS-3) Maja de Goya Award [ edit ] In 2010, the Spanish Academy of Arts and Cinematographic Sciences (/wiki/Academia_de_las_Artes_y_las_Ciencias_Cinematogr%C3%A1ficas_de_Espa%C3%B1a) began to grant the "Maja de Goya Award" for which a Carrera y Carrera ring is given to the most elegant actress at the Goya Awards ceremony (/wiki/Goya_Awards) . The award winners since then have been: Goya Toledo (/wiki/Goya_Toledo) , Lydia Bosch (/wiki/Lydia_Bosch) , Blanca Suárez (/wiki/Blanca_Su%C3%A1rez) and Maribel Verdú (/wiki/Maribel_Verd%C3%BA) . [12] (#cite_note-AC-12) [18] (#cite_note-VG-18) Awards [ edit ] Medal from the Russian Academy of Arts (/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Arts) , 2000 [5] (#cite_note-EP-5) See also [ edit ] Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Art jewelry (/wiki/Art_jewelry) Bibliography [ edit ] Joan Lluis Montané, 2004. Manuel Carrera, 50 años de creaciones y momentos inolvidables (Manuel Carrera, 50 years of creation and unforgettable moments), Publicaciones Joyeras, S.A. [19] (#cite_note-GO-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-CCEP_1-0) "El Pais Carrera y Carrera" (http://elpais.com/tag/carrera_y_carrera) (in Spanish). elpais.com. 14 March 2006 . Retrieved 2017-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-CCV_2-0) "Vogue Carrera y Carrera" (http://www.vogue.es/tags/carrera-y-carrera/1038) (in Spanish). vogue.es . Retrieved 2017-06-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Carrera y Carrera" (http://www.fashionfromspain.com/icex/cda/controller/pageGen/0,3346,1549487_5857768_5852720_246562_0,00.html) . fashionfromspain.com . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Carrera y Carrera - Spanish brand of exclusive jewellery famous all around the world" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161110194525/http://www.brandsofspain.com/miembro/carrera-y-carrera-2/) . brandsofspain.com. Archived from the original (http://www.brandsofspain.com/miembro/carrera-y-carrera-2/) on 2016-11-10 . Retrieved 2017-06-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Fernández, Rodrigo (2000-02-12). "CARRERA,EN EL KREMLIN" (http://elpais.com/diario/2000/02/12/agenda/950310006_850215.html) . El País (in Spanish). elpais.es . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-RTVE_6-0) "España tiene potencial para disputar la carrera del lujo con grandes marcas" (http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20110604/espana-podria-desarrollar-gigante-del-lujo-sector-mueve-ya-3600-millones-ano/434782.shtml) (in Spanish). 2011-06-04 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Carrera y Carrera" (http://www.amayajoyeros.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=84) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-ME_8-0) "Carrera y Carrera entra en Filipinas de la mano del socio de Tiffany y Cartier" (http://www.modaes.es/empresa/20140122/carrera-y-carrera-entra-en-filipinas-de-la-mano-del-socio-de-tiffany-y-cartier.html) (in Spanish). modaes.es. 2014-01-22 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Noticias Carrera y Carrera" (http://elpais.com/tag/carrera_y_carrera) (in Spanish). 14 March 2006 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-EA_10-0) "Carrera y Carrera eleva su apuesta internacional con una filial en Emiratos Árabes y la apertura de veinte puntos de venta en 2014" (http://www.modaes.es/empresa/20140528/carrera-y-carrera-eleva-su-apuesta-internacional-con-una-filial-en-emiratos-arabes-y-la-apertura-de-veinte-puntos-de-venta-en-2014.html) (in Spanish). modaes.es. 2014-05-28 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-JE_11-0) Barciela, Fernando (16 September 2012). "La joya española huye al exterior" (http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2012/09/14/actualidad/1347631215_606400.html) . El País (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lydia Bosch es La Maja de los Goya" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150220022711/http://www.academiadecine.com/la_academia/noticia.php?id_noticia=306) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (http://www.academiadecine.com/la_academia/noticia.php?id_noticia=306) on 2015-02-20 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-PG_13-0) "Blanca Suárez recibe el premio 'Maja de los Goya' 2012" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150220023454/http://premiosgoya.academiadecine.com/actualidad/detalle.php?id=283) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (http://premiosgoya.academiadecine.com/actualidad/detalle.php?id=283) on 2015-02-20 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-HO_14-0) "Maribel Verdú recibe el exclusivo premio 'Maja de los Goya': 'Es una suerte ser elegida la más elegante' (http://www.hola.com/cine/2013030863706/maribel-verdu-majagoya/) " (http://www.hola.com/cine/2013030863706/maribel-verdu-majagoya/) (in Spanish). 8 March 2013 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-KA_15-0) "Статуэтка Золотого Орла" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150220011822/http://www.kinoacademy.ru/priz) (in Russian). Archived from the original (http://www.kinoacademy.ru/priz) on 2015-02-20 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-EP1_16-0) Echarri, Belen Cebrian (2002-01-22). "Unión en el mundo del 'glamour' (http://elpais.com/diario/2002/01/20/negocio/1011535406_850215.html) " (http://elpais.com/diario/2002/01/20/negocio/1011535406_850215.html) . El País (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2017-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-AA_17-0) "Alejandra Alonso, 'the best': elegida 'modelo revelación' de 2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150621225409/http://www1.hola.com/moda/modelos/galeria/2011113055804/alejandra-alonso-modelo-revelacion-2011/6/) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (http://www.hola.com/moda/modelos/galeria/2011113055804/alejandra-alonso-modelo-revelacion-2011/6/) on 2015-06-21 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-VG_18-0) "Maribel Verdú recibe el premio "Maja de los Goya", un anillo de 25.000 euros" (http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/ocioycultura/2013/03/08/maribel-verdu-recibe-premio-maja-goya-anillo-25000-euros/00031362725929627763418.htm) (in Spanish). 8 March 2013 . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-GO_19-0) Montané, Joan Lluís (2004). Manuel Carrera, 50 años de creaciones y momentos inolvidables: Manuel Carrera, 50 years of creation and unforgettable moments . Retrieved 2015-02-19 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carrera y Carrera (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carrera_y_Carrera) . Official website (http://www.carreraycarrera.com) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/142492782) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1067673423) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐4qsxt Cached time: 20240720170214 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.455 seconds Real time usage: 0.592 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2175/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 48914/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1447/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 80333/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.309/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6394202/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 531.993 1 -total 33.67% 179.109 1 Template:Reflist 25.38% 135.018 15 Template:Cite_web 18.27% 97.213 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.05% 85.375 1 Template:Infobox 15.73% 83.657 1 Template:Authority_control 12.98% 69.032 1 Template:Short_description 7.80% 41.507 2 Template:Pagetype 5.75% 30.600 1 Template:Coord 5.05% 26.861 1 Template:Commons_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45450815-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170214 and revision id 1223889600. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrera_y_Carrera&oldid=1223889600 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrera_y_Carrera&oldid=1223889600) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1885 establishments in Spain (/wiki/Category:1885_establishments_in_Spain) Manufacturing companies established in 1885 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1885) Companies based in the Community of Madrid (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_the_Community_of_Madrid) Fashion accessory brands (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessory_brands) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) Jewellery companies of Spain (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_companies_of_Spain) Spanish brands (/wiki/Category:Spanish_brands) Watch brands (/wiki/Category:Watch_brands) Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas) CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)) CS1 Russian-language sources (ru) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Coordinates on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers)
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This is a list of notable lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) brands and their country of manufacture. It catalogues brands known primarily for their lingerie or underwear, not fashion or clothing in general. Brand Year of establishment Country of origin Country of manufacture Adore Me (/wiki/Adore_Me) 2011 US Vietnam/Sri Lanka Aerie (/wiki/Aerie_(American_Eagle_Outfitters)) 2006 US India Agent Provocateur (/wiki/Agent_Provocateur_(lingerie)) 1994 UK China Andrés Sardá (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Sard%C3%A1) 1980 Spain Spain/China Ann Summers (/wiki/Ann_Summers) 1970 UK China Anna Sui Lingerie (/wiki/Anna_Sui_Lingerie) 2014 [1] (#cite_note-1) Korea China Baci Lingerie (/wiki/Baci_Lingerie) 2010 US China Bali (/wiki/Bali_(lingerie)) 1927 US Honduras/Dominican Republic Berlei (/wiki/Berlei) 2005 Australia Indonesia Bluebella (/wiki/Bluebella) 2005 UK Unknown Boutique La Vie en Rose (/wiki/Boutique_La_Vie_en_Rose) 1984 Canada India/China Boux Avenue (/wiki/Boux_Avenue) 2011 UK Turkey/China Bravissimo (/wiki/Bravissimo_(company)) 1995 UK Romania Bruno Banani (/wiki/Bruno_Banani) 1993 Germany Estonia Cake Maternity (/wiki/Cake_Maternity) 2008 Australia China Chantelle (/wiki/Chantelle_(lingerie)) 1876 France France Coco de Mer (/wiki/Sam_Roddick#Coco_de_Mer) 2001 UK Portugal Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) 1998 UK Unknown Formfit (/wiki/Formfit) 1917 ceased 1997 US Unknown Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) 1947 US US/China Gilly Hicks (/wiki/Gilly_Hicks) 2008 US Unknown Hanro (/wiki/Hanro) 1884 Switzerland Austria/Hungary/Portugal Hunkemöller (/wiki/Hunkem%C3%B6ller) 1886 Netherlands China Intimissimi (/wiki/Intimissimi) 1996 Italy Sri Lanka Iris Lingerie (/wiki/Sylvia_Pedlar) 1929 ceased 1970 US US Jockey (/wiki/Jockey_International) 1876 US US Jolidon (/wiki/Jolidon) 1993 Romania Romania Kestos (/wiki/Kestos) 1925 ceased 1985 UK UK Kiss Me Deadly (/wiki/Kiss_Me_Deadly_(company)) 2006 UK Unknown La Perla (/wiki/La_Perla_(clothing)) 1954 Italy Italy/China La Senza (/wiki/La_Senza) 1990 ceased 2017 Canada Unknown Lembrassa (/wiki/Lembrassa) 2008 ceased 2017 UK China Leonisa (/wiki/Leonisa) 1956 Colombia Colombia Lily of France (/wiki/Lily_of_France) 1915 US Unknown Lisca (/wiki/Lisca_(company)) 1955 Slovenia Slovenia Lise Charmel (/wiki/Lise_Charmel) 1950s France France Maidenform (/wiki/Maidenform) 1922 US US Marlies Dekkers (/wiki/Marlies_Dekkers) 1993 NL Unknown Nichole de Carle (/wiki/Nichole_de_Carle) 2009 UK UK Olga (/wiki/Olga_Erteszek) 1941 [2] (#cite_note-2) US Paraguay Peach John (/wiki/Peach_John) 1994 Japan China Playtex (/wiki/Playtex) 1947 US Unknown Pretty Polly (/wiki/Pretty_Polly_(hosiery)) 1919 UK Unknown Rigby & Peller (/wiki/Rigby_%26_Peller) 1939 UK Thailand Schiesser (/wiki/Schiesser) 1875 Germany Unknown Silhouette (/wiki/Silhouette_(lingerie)) 1887 UK Unknown Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) 2000 US Thailand ThirdLove (/wiki/ThirdLove) 2013 US China Trashy Lingerie (/wiki/Trashy_Lingerie) 1973 US US Triumph International (/wiki/Triumph_International) 1886 Germany Brazil/China/Thailand True & Co. (/wiki/True_%26_Co.) 2012 US China Ultimo (/wiki/Ultimo_(brand)) 1999 ceased 2015 UK India Van de Velde N.V. (/wiki/Van_de_Velde_N.V.) 1919 Belgium China Vanity Fair (/wiki/VF_Corporation) 1919 US US, Honduras Vassarette (/wiki/Vassarette) 1958 US Vietnam Vedette Shapewear (/wiki/Vedette_Shapewear) 1983 US Unknown Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) 1977 US China Wacoal (/wiki/Wacoal) 1946 Japan China What Katie Did (/wiki/What_Katie_Did_(company)) 1999 UK India Wolford (/wiki/Wolford) 1949 Austria Croatia Wonderbra (/wiki/Wonderbra) 1939 Canada Indonesia, China Yandy (/wiki/Yandy.com) 2007 US US, China See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of fashion designers (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers) List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) List of swimwear brands (/wiki/List_of_swimwear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kim, Bo-eun (July 23, 2014). "Anna Sui lingerie line launches in Korea" (https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2015/11/631_161467.html) . Korea Times . Retrieved December 1, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Abcarian, Robin (1985-12-04). "Behind Olga" (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-12-04/entertainment/8503240360_1_california-industrialist-olga-and-jan-erteszek-window) . Los Angeles Daily News (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Daily_News) . Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . 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Viral phenomenon regarding the colour of a dress This article is about the viral phenomenon. For other uses, see The Dress (/wiki/The_Dress_(disambiguation)) . The original photograph of the dress The dress was a 2015 online viral phenomenon (/wiki/Viral_phenomenon) centred on a photograph of a dress. Viewers disagreed on whether the dress was blue and black, or white and gold. The phenomenon revealed differences in human colour perception (/wiki/Color_vision) and became the subject of scientific investigations into neuroscience (/wiki/Neuroscience) and vision science (/wiki/Vision_science) . The phenomenon originated in a photograph of a dress posted on the social networking service Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . The dress was black and blue, but the conditions of the photograph caused many to perceive it as white and gold, creating debate. Within a week, more than ten million tweets (/wiki/Twitter#Tweets) had mentioned the dress. The retailer of the dress, Roman Originals, reported a surge in sales and produced a one-off version in white and gold sold for charity. Origin In February 2015, about a week before the wedding of Grace and Keir Johnston, of Colonsay (/wiki/Colonsay) , Scotland, the bride's mother, Cecilia Bleasdale, took a photograph of a dress at Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet (/wiki/Cheshire_Oaks_Designer_Outlet) north of Chester (/wiki/Chester) , England. Bleasdale intended to wear the dress at the wedding and sent the photograph to Grace. The dress was coloured blue with black lace. However, Grace told her mother she perceived it in the photograph as white with gold lace. [1] (#cite_note-1) After Grace posted the photograph on Facebook, her friends also disagreed; some saw it as white with gold, while others saw it as blue with black. [2] (#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2) [3] (#cite_note-buzzfeed-blueandblack-3) For a week, the debate became well known in Colonsay, a small island community. [4] (#cite_note-etonline.com-4) On the day of the wedding, Caitlin McNeill, a friend of the bride and groom, performed with her band at the wedding. Even after seeing that the dress was "obviously blue and black" in reality, [3] (#cite_note-buzzfeed-blueandblack-3) the musicians remained preoccupied by the photograph. They said they almost failed to make it on stage because they were caught up discussing the dress. A few days later, on 26 February, McNeill reposted the image to her blog on Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) , creating further public discussion surrounding the image. [2] (#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2) [3] (#cite_note-buzzfeed-blueandblack-3) Response Initial viral spread The most interesting thing to me is that it traveled. It went from New York media circle-jerk (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circle_jerk) Twitter to international. And you could see it in my Twitter notifications because people started having conversations in, like, Spanish and Portuguese and then Japanese and Chinese and Thai and Arabic. It was amazing to watch this move from a local thing to, like, a massive international phenomenon. Cates Holderness [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) Cates Holderness, who ran the Tumblr page for BuzzFeed (/wiki/BuzzFeed) at the site's New York offices, received a message from McNeill asking for help resolving the colour dispute of the dress. She dismissed it, but checked the page near the end of her workday and saw that it had received around 5,000 notes, a large amount for Tumblr. Tom Christ, Tumblr's director of data, said at its peak the page was receiving 14,000 views a second (or 840,000 views per minute), well over the normal rates. Later that night, the number of notes increased tenfold. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) Holderness showed the picture to other members of the BuzzFeed social media (/wiki/Social_media) team, who immediately began arguing about the dress colours. She created a simple poll for Tumblr users, then left work and took the subway home. When she got off the train and checked her phone, it was overwhelmed by messages. That evening, the page set a new record at BuzzFeed for concurrent visitors (/wiki/Session_(web_analytics)) , and eventually peaked at 673,000. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) [6] (#cite_note-BBCNews1January2016-6) The image became a worldwide Internet meme (/wiki/Internet_meme) across social media. On Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , users created the hashtags (/wiki/Hashtag) "#whiteandgold", "#blueandblack", and " #dressgate (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-gate) " to discuss their opinions on what the colour of the dress was, and theories surrounding their arguments. [7] (#cite_note-7) The number of tweets about the dress increased throughout the night; at 11:36 pm GMT, when the first increase in the number of tweets about the dress occurred, there were five thousand tweets per minute using the hashtag "#TheDress", increasing to 11,000 tweets per minute with the hashtag by 1:31 am GMT. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) The photo also attracted discussion relating to the triviality of the matter as a whole; The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) described the dispute as "[the] drama that divided a planet". [2] (#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2) [8] (#cite_note-bostoncom-colorbind-8) [9] (#cite_note-slate-whiteandgold-9) Some articles humorously suggested that the dress could prompt an existential crisis (/wiki/Existential_crisis) over the nature of sight and reality (/wiki/Reality) , or that the debate could harm interpersonal relationships. [2] (#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2) [10] (#cite_note-10) Others examined why people were making such a big argument over a seemingly trivial matter. [11] (#cite_note-11) Overnight popularity On the evening BuzzFeed posted the article, the Wellesley College (/wiki/Wellesley_College) neuroscientist Bevil Conway (/wiki/Bevil_Conway) gave some comments about the phenomenon to the Wired (/wiki/Wired_(website)) reporter Adam Rogers. Before they hung up, Rogers warned him, "Your tomorrow will not be the same." Conway thought he was exaggerating. Rogers's story eventually received 32.8 million unique visitors. When Conway woke up the next morning, his inbox had so many emails he initially thought it had been hacked, until he saw that most were interview requests from major media organisations. "I did 10 interviews and had to have a colleague take my class that day," said Conway. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) Celebrities with larger Twitter followings began to comment. A tweet by the American songwriter Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) , in which she saw the dress as blue and black and said she was "confused and scared"—was retweeted 111,134 times and liked 154,188 times. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) Jaden Smith (/wiki/Jaden_Smith) , Frankie Muniz (/wiki/Frankie_Muniz) , Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) , Mindy Kaling (/wiki/Mindy_Kaling) , and Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) saw the dress was blue and black, while Anna Kendrick (/wiki/Anna_Kendrick) , B. J. Novak (/wiki/B._J._Novak) , Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) , Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) , and Sarah Hyland (/wiki/Sarah_Hyland) saw it as white and gold. [12] (#cite_note-12) Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) tweeted that she saw it as white and gold, while her then-husband Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) saw it as blue and black. Lucy Hale (/wiki/Lucy_Hale) , Phoebe Tonkin (/wiki/Phoebe_Tonkin) , and Katie Nolan (/wiki/Katie_Nolan) saw different colour schemes at different times. Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) described the dress as " periwinkle (/wiki/Periwinkle_(color)) and sand", while David Duchovny (/wiki/David_Duchovny) called it teal (/wiki/Teal) . Other celebrities, including Ellen DeGeneres (/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres) and Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) , mentioned the dress on social media without mentioning specific colours. [13] (#cite_note-smh-dressgate-13) [14] (#cite_note-Iyengar-27-Feb-2015-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Politicians, government agencies and social media platforms of major brands also wrote humorous posts. [18] (#cite_note-18) Ultimately, the dress was the subject of 4.4 million tweets within 24 hours. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) The dress was designed and manufactured by Roman Originals. [19] (#cite_note-designer-19) In the UK, where the phenomenon had begun, Ian Johnson, creative manager for Roman Originals, learned of the controversy from his Facebook news feed that morning. "I was pretty gobsmacked. I just laughed and told the wife that I'd better get to work," he said. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) TV presenter Alex Jones (/wiki/Alex_Jones_(Welsh_presenter)) wore the dress on that night's edition of The One Show (/wiki/The_One_Show) . [20] (#cite_note-20) We've seen other stories go viral, but the sheer diversity of outlets that picked it up and were talking about it was unlike anything we had ever seen. Everyone from QVC to Warner Bros. to local public libraries to Red Cross affiliates were all posting links to it on their social accounts. That kind of diversity in who's sharing a story pretty much never happens ... and certainly never to that degree. Even in the year since and with a million different people trying to replicate it, nothing has come close. [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) Brandon Silverman, CEO of social media monitoring site CrowdTangle Businesses that had nothing to do with the dress, or even the clothing industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) , devoted social media attention to the phenomenon. Adobe (/wiki/Adobe_Systems) retweeted another Twitter user who had used some of the company's apps to isolate the dress's colours. "We jumped in the conversation and thought, Let's see what happens ," recalled Karen Do, the company's senior manager for social media. Jenna Bromberg, a digital brand manager for Pizza Hut (/wiki/Pizza_Hut) , saw the dress as white and gold and quickly sent out a tweet with a picture of pizza noting that it, too, was the same colours. Do called it "literally a tweet heard around the world". [5] (#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5) Ben Fischer of the New York Business Journal reported that interest in the first BuzzFeed article about the dress exhibited vertical growth instead of the typical bell curve (/wiki/Gaussian_function) of a viral phenomenon, leading BuzzFeed to assign two editorial teams to generate additional articles about the dress to drive ad revenue, [21] (#cite_note-21) and, by 1 March, the original BuzzFeed article had received over 37 million views. [22] (#cite_note-22) The dress was cited by CNN (/wiki/CNN) commentator Mel Robbins (/wiki/Mel_Robbins) as a viral phenomenon having the requisite qualities of positivity bias (/wiki/Positivity_bias) incorporating "awe, laughter and amusement" and was compared to and contrasted with a story about escaped llamas in an Arizona retirement community earlier that day, as well as to tributes paid to actor Leonard Nimoy (/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy) after his death the following day. [23] (#cite_note-Robbins-23) Real colours of dress confirmed The dress was confirmed as a royal blue "Lace Bodycon Dress" from the retailer Roman Originals. [24] (#cite_note-material-24) The dress is black and blue; [25] (#cite_note-independent-25) [26] (#cite_note-bbcoptical-26) although it was available in three other colours (red, pink, and ivory, each with black lace), a white and gold version was not available at the time. The day after McNeill's post, Roman Originals' website experienced a major surge in traffic and sold out of the dress within 30 minutes. [27] (#cite_note-nydn-romanoriginals-27) On 28 February, Roman Originals announced that they would make a single white and gold dress for a Comic Relief (/wiki/Comic_Relief) charity auction. [28] (#cite_note-28) On 3 March, the Johnstons, Bleasdale, and MacNeill appeared as guests on The Ellen DeGeneres Show (/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show) in the United States. The presenter, Ellen DeGeneres (/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres) , presented each of them with gifts of underwear patterned after the dress and combining both colour schemes. The show sponsors also gave the Johnstons a gift of $10,000 and a honeymoon (/wiki/Honeymoon) trip to Grenada (/wiki/Grenada) , as they had left their honeymoon early to participate in the show. [4] (#cite_note-etonline.com-4) By 1 March, over two thirds of BuzzFeed users polled responded that the dress was white and gold. [29] (#cite_note-29) Some people have suggested that the dress changes colours on its own. [2] (#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2) Media outlets noted that the photo was overexposed (/wiki/Overexposure) and had poor white balance (/wiki/White_balance) , causing its colours to be washed out, giving rise to the perception by some that the dress is white and gold. [2] (#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2) [30] (#cite_note-mashable-overexposed-30) Scientific explanations Two ways in which the photograph of the dress may be perceived: blue and black under a yellow-tinted illumination (left figure) or white and gold under a blue-tinted illumination (right figure). There is no consensus on why the dress elicits such discordant perceptions. [31] (#cite_note-31) The neuroscientists Bevil Conway (/wiki/Bevil_Conway) and Jay Neitz (/wiki/Jay_Neitz) believe they are a result of how the human brain perceives colour (/wiki/Colour_vision) and chromatic adaptation (/wiki/Chromatic_adaptation) . Conway believes it is connected to how the brain processes the various hues of a daylight (/wiki/Daylight) sky: "Your visual system is looking at this thing, and you're trying to discount the chromatic bias of the daylight axis ... people either discount the blue side, in which case they end up seeing white and gold, or discount the gold side, in which case they end up with blue and black." [32] (#cite_note-wired-science-32) [33] (#cite_note-theguardian1-33) Neitz said: Our visual system is supposed to throw away information about the illuminant and extract information about the actual reflectance ... but I've studied individual differences in colour vision for 30 years, and this is one of the biggest individual differences I've ever seen. [32] (#cite_note-wired-science-32) Similar theories have been expounded by the University of Liverpool (/wiki/University_of_Liverpool) 's Paul Knox, who stated that what the brain interprets as colour may be affected by the device the photograph is viewed on, or the viewer's own expectations. [34] (#cite_note-Viewpoint-34) Anya Hurlbert (/wiki/Anya_Hurlbert) and collaborators also considered the problem from the perspective of colour perception. They attributed the differences in perception to individual perception of colour constancy (/wiki/Colour_constancy) . [35] (#cite_note-Aurlbert&Aston2017-35) [36] (#cite_note-Brainard&Hulbert2015-36) The neuroscientist and psychologist Pascal Wallisch states that while inherently ambiguous stimuli have been known to vision science (/wiki/Vision_science) for many years, this is the first such stimulus in the colour domain that was brought to the attention of science by social media. He attributes differential perceptions to differences in illumination and fabric priors, but also notes that the stimulus is highly unusual insofar as the perception of most people does not switch. If it does, it does so only on very long time scales, which is highly unusual for bistable stimuli, so perceptual learning might be at play. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) In addition, he says that discussions of this stimulus are not frivolous, as the stimulus is both of interest to science and a paradigmatic case of how different people can sincerely see the world differently. [39] (#cite_note-39) Daniel Hardiman-McCartney of the College of Optometrists (/wiki/College_of_Optometrists) stated that the picture was ambiguous, suggesting that the illusion was caused by a strong yellow light shining onto the dress, and human perception of the colours of the dress and light source by comparing them with other colours and objects in the picture. [40] (#cite_note-40) The philosopher Barry C. Smith (/wiki/Barry_C._Smith) compared the phenomenon with Ludwig Wittgenstein (/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein) and the rabbit–duck illusion (/wiki/Rabbit%E2%80%93duck_illusion) , [41] (#cite_note-41) although the rabbit-duck illusion is an ambiguous image (/wiki/Ambiguous_image) where, for most people, the alternative perceptions switch very easily. The Journal of Vision (/wiki/Journal_of_Vision) , a scientific journal about vision research, announced in March 2015 that a special issue about the dress would be published with the title A Dress Rehearsal for Vision Science . [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) The first large-scale scientific study on the dress was published in Current Biology (/wiki/Current_Biology) three months after the image went viral. The study, which involved 1,400 respondents, found that 57 per cent saw the dress as blue and black, 30 per cent saw it as white and gold, 11 per cent saw it as blue and brown, and two per cent reported it as "other". [44] (#cite_note-lafer-sousa-44) Women and older people disproportionately saw the dress as white and gold. The researchers further found that if the dress was shown in artificial yellow-coloured lighting almost all respondents saw the dress as black and blue, while they saw it as white and gold if the simulated lighting had a blue bias. [33] (#cite_note-theguardian1-33) [44] (#cite_note-lafer-sousa-44) [45] (#cite_note-gegenfurtner-45) [46] (#cite_note-winkler-46) Another study in the Journal of Vision , by Pascal Wallisch, found that people who were early risers were more likely to think the dress was lit by natural light, perceiving it as white and gold, and that "night owls" saw the dress as blue and black. [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) A study carried out by Schlaffke et al. reported that individuals who saw the dress as white and gold showed increased activity in the frontal and parietal regions of the brain. These areas are thought to be critical in higher cognition activities such as top-down modulation in visual perception. [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) Legacy The dress was included on multiple year-end lists of notable Internet memes in 2015. [51] (#cite_note-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) As the original authors of the photograph that sparked the viral phenomenon, Bleasdale and her partner Paul Jinks later expressed frustration and regret over being "completely left out from the story", including their lack of control over the story, the omission of their role in the discovery, and the commercial use of the photograph. [6] (#cite_note-BBCNews1January2016-6) In South Africa, the Salvation Army (/wiki/The_Salvation_Army) used the dress in a 2015 campaign to raise awareness of domestic violence, with the slogan: "Why is it so hard to see black and blue?" [53] (#cite_note-53) See also Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Internet portal (/wiki/Portal:Internet) Science portal (/wiki/Portal:Science) Checker shadow illusion (/wiki/Checker_shadow_illusion) List of Internet phenomena (/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena) Yanny or Laurel (/wiki/Yanny_or_Laurel) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References ^ (#cite_ref-1) Benedictus, Leo (22 December 2015). "#Thedress: 'It's been quite stressful having to deal with it ... we had a falling-out' (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/dec/22/thedress-internet-divided-cecilia-bleasdale-black-blue-white-gold) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/dec/22/thedress-internet-divided-cecilia-bleasdale-black-blue-white-gold) . 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Slate . 2 March 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180420194722/http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2015/02/what_color_is_this_dress_a_scientist_explains_visual_ambiguity_and_color.html) from the original on 20 April 2018 . Retrieved 6 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) McRaney, David (24 June 2022). "How 'The Dress' Sparked a Neuroscience Breakthrough" (https://www.wired.com/story/the-dress-neuroscience-breakthrough/) . Wired (/wiki/Wired_(magazine)) . Retrieved 24 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Why discussing the dress is not frivolous" (http://pensees.pascallisch.net/?p=1901) . pascallisch.net. 2 March 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150303112508/http://pensees.pascallisch.net/?p=1901) from the original on 3 March 2015 . Retrieved 6 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Hardiman-McCartney, Daniel (2 March 2015). "#Thedress and your optometrist – the scientific voice of reason" (https://www.college-optometrists.org/the-college/blogs/-thedress-and-your-optometrist-.html) . College of Optometrists (/wiki/College_of_Optometrists) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170307050318/https://www.college-optometrists.org/the-college/blogs/-thedress-and-your-optometrist-.html) from the original on 7 March 2017 . Retrieved 6 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "What would Wittgenstein say about that dress?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31662317) . BBC. 27 February 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150309024630/http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31662317) from the original on 9 March 2015 . Retrieved 6 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Journal of Vision – Special Issue on The Dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150509045154/http://www.visionscience.com/pipermail/visionlist/2015/008364.html) . 12 March 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.visionscience.com/pipermail/visionlist/2015/008364.html) on 9 May 2015 . Retrieved 10 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "- JOV - ARVO Journals - JOV - ARVO Journals" (http://jov.arvojournals.org/SS/thedress.aspx) . jov.arvojournals.org . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180401144459/http://jov.arvojournals.org/SS/thedress.aspx) from the original on 1 April 2018 . Retrieved 1 April 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lafer-Sousa, Rosa; Hermann, Katherine L.; Conway, Bevil R. (29 June 2015). "Striking individual differences in color perception uncovered by 'the dress' photograph" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4921196) . Current Biology . 25 (13): R545–R546. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2015CBio...25.R545L (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CBio...25.R545L) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.053 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.04.053) . 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"Asymmetries in blue–yellow colour perception and in the colour of 'the dress' (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489998) " (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489998) . Current Biology . 25 (13): R547–R548. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2015CBio...25.R547W (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CBio...25.R547W) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.05.004) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 4489998 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489998) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 25981792 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25981792) . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Wallisch, Pascal (7 April 2017). "Illumination assumptions account for individual differences in the perceptual interpretation of a profoundly ambiguous stimulus in the color domain: 'The dress' (https://doi.org/10.1167%2F17.4.5) " (https://doi.org/10.1167%2F17.4.5) . Journal of Vision . 17 (4): 5. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1167/17.4.5 (https://doi.org/10.1167%2F17.4.5) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 28388701 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28388701) . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Wallisch, Pascal (12 April 2017). "Two Years Later, We Finally Know Why People Saw 'The Dress' Differently" (http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2017/04/here_s_why_people_saw_the_dress_differently.html) . Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180116221825/http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2017/04/here_s_why_people_saw_the_dress_differently.html) from the original on 16 January 2018 . Retrieved 3 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Knapton, Sarah (15 March 2016). "Dressgate: If you saw THAT dress as white your brain was working overtime" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/03/15/dressgate-if-you-saw-that-dress-as-white-your-brain-was-working/) . The Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101325/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/03/15/dressgate-if-you-saw-that-dress-as-white-your-brain-was-working/) from the original on 2 April 2018 . Retrieved 1 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Schlaffke, Lara; Golisch, Anne; Haag, Lauren M.; Lenz, Melanie; Heba, Stefanie; Lissek, Silke; Schmidt-Wilcke, Tobias; Eysel, Ulf T.; Tegenthoff, Martin (December 2015). "The brain's dress code: How The Dress allows to decode the neuronal pathway of an optical illusion". Cortex . 73 . Elsevier BV: 271–275. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.017 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cortex.2015.08.017) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0010-9452 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0010-9452) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26478963 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26478963) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 25188324 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25188324) . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "The 15 Best Memes of 2015" (http://www.ew.com/gallery/memes-biggest-2015/2403468_dress) . Entertainment Weekly's EW.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160314043417/http://www.ew.com/gallery/memes-biggest-2015/2403468_dress) from the original on 14 March 2016 . Retrieved 20 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "24 Memes That Took The Internet By Storm in 2015" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160402032532/http://www.mtv.com/news/2681341/best-memes-took-internet-by-storm-in-2015/) . MTV News. Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/2681341/best-memes-took-internet-by-storm-in-2015/) on 2 April 2016 . Retrieved 20 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Salvation Army uses The Dress in ad targeting violence against women" (http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/salvation-army-uses-the-dress-in-ad-targeting-violence-against-women-1.2985043) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . 6 March 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180202092423/http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/salvation-army-uses-the-dress-in-ad-targeting-violence-against-women-1.2985043) from the original on 2 February 2018 . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to The dress (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_dress) . "Original Tumblr post" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150227014959/http://swiked.tumblr.com/post/112073818575/guys-please-help-me-is-this-dress-white-and) . Archived from the original (https://swiked.tumblr.com/post/112073818575/guys-please-help-me-is-this-dress-white-and) on 27 February 2015 . Retrieved 29 February 2016 . (as of 27 February 2015 at 01:49:59 UTC (/wiki/Universal_Time_Coordinated) ) "We can confirm #TheDress is blue and black! We should know!" (https://twitter.com/romanoriginals/status/571224722438004736) . Twitter . @romanoriginals. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200304005809/https://twitter.com/romanoriginals/status/571224722438004736) from the original on 4 March 2020 . 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American clothing brand Stance Company type Delaware C Corporation Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Headquarters San Clemente, California (/wiki/San_Clemente,_California) Key people Jeff Kearl ( Chairman (/wiki/Chairman) & CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) John Wilson ( President (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) ) Products Socks (/wiki/Socks) , underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , T-Shirts (/wiki/T-Shirts) Revenue est. $180 million (2015) [1] (#cite_note-1) Website Stance.com (https://www.stance.com) Stance is an American sock (/wiki/Sock) , underwear (/wiki/Underwear) and T-Shirt brand founded in December 2009. Stance is headquartered in San Clemente, California (/wiki/San_Clemente,_California) . As of March 2015, the company had sold over 36 million pairs of socks and raised over $115 million from investors. [2] (#cite_note-2) In early January 2015, Stance began raising $50 million to fund their expansion into the underwear market. [3] (#cite_note-3) In April 2016, Stance raised an additional $30 million in a funding round (/wiki/Funding_round) that valued Stance at $400 million and was led by Mercato Partners and included August Capital (/wiki/August_Capital) , Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (/wiki/Kleiner_Perkins_Caufield_%26_Byers) , Menlo Ventures (/wiki/Menlo_Ventures) , Shasta Ventures (/wiki/Shasta_Ventures) , and Sherpa Capital (/wiki/Sherpa_Capital) as returning investors. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) MLB player Francisco Lindor wearing Stance socks on field during a game MLB player Francisco Lindor (/wiki/Francisco_Lindor) wearing Stance socks on field during a game Stance was named the official sock of the NBA (/wiki/NBA) and MLB (/wiki/MLB) in April 2015 and May 2016, respectively. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The company has 18 US retail stores in Irvine, Las Vegas, Cabazon, Livermore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, Orlando, Portland, Salt Lake City, San Clemente, San Diego, Tulalip, New Jersey, Chicago, and Minnesota. In October 2018, Stance opened their first International store in Covent Garden, London, England. History [ edit ] Stance was founded in 2009 by Jeff Kearl, John Wilson, Aaron Hennings, Ryan Kingman and Taylor Shupe. The original founders saw an opportunity to address a category of fashion they felt had been overlooked by many brands and the majority of the industry. [8] (#cite_note-8) The company first began shipping product in August 2010, and now ships over 15 million pairs of socks each year. Stance has raised a significant amount of venture capital and is sold in over 40 countries worldwide. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In March 2015, the Wall Street Journal reported the company had raised $50 million from Silicon Valley venture capital firms and that the brand would be expanding into men’s underwear. In April 2015, the NBA announced that Stance had been named the official on-court sock of the NBA starting in the 2015-2016 season. As part of the deal, Stance would be allowed to display its logo on all socks worn on-court by players, a first in NBA history for apparel companies. [11] (#cite_note-11) Stance opened its first store in the SoHo (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) neighborhood of New York City in November 2015. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) The brand won Best Socks of the Year in 2017 with their tribute to rapper, Gucci Mane (/wiki/Gucci_Mane) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Sponsorship [ edit ] Stance’s brand ambassadors are called "Punks and Poets". They include musicians, athletes, designers, artists, stylists, writers and photographers. [13] (#cite_note-13) Athletes Andre Drummond (/wiki/Andre_Drummond) Allen Iverson (/wiki/Allen_Iverson) Chandler Parsons (/wiki/Chandler_Parsons) Donovan Mitchell (/wiki/Donovan_Mitchell) Dwyane Wade (/wiki/Dwyane_Wade) Klay Thompson (/wiki/Klay_Thompson) Lauren Fleshman (/wiki/Lauren_Fleshman) Todd Richards (/wiki/Todd_Richards_(snowboarder)) Bryan Gonnella Kassia Meador John John Florence (/wiki/John_John_Florence) Silje Norendal (/wiki/Silje_Norendal) Nyjah Huston (/wiki/Nyjah_Huston) Chris Cole (/wiki/Chris_Cole_(skateboarder)) Theotis Beasley (/wiki/Theotis_Beasley) Jamie Thomas (/wiki/Jamie_Thomas) Andrew Reynolds (/wiki/Andrew_Reynolds_(skateboarder)) Kenny Roczen Chad Reed (/wiki/Chad_Reed) Troy Lee Bubba Watson (/wiki/Bubba_Watson) Mikey Wright Neen Williams Daniel Ricciardo (/wiki/Daniel_Ricciardo) Musicians/Bands Wen Junhui (/wiki/Wen_Junhui) Soko (/wiki/Soko_(singer)) Haim Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) Nikki Lane (/wiki/Nikki_Lane) Lil Uzi Vert (/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert) Kid Cudi (/wiki/Kid_Cudi) Thurzday (/wiki/Thurzday) Santigold (/wiki/Santigold) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) [14] (#cite_note-14) Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) Willow Smith (/wiki/Willow_Smith) A$AP Ferg (/wiki/A$AP_Ferg) Models Bambi Northwood-Blyth Hanne Gaby Odiele (/wiki/Hanne_Gaby_Odiele) Designers and Stylists Imogene Barron Ronnie Fieg (/wiki/Ronnie_Fieg) Alexandra Spencer/4th & Bleeker Artists/Illustrators/Photographers Brooke Reidt Josie Ramondetta Langley Fox Hemmingway Mark Oblow Russ Pope Kid Creature Todd Francis Bijou Karman [15] (#cite_note-15) See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Sock Maker Raises $30M" (http://www.ocbj.com/news/2016/may/02/sock-maker-raises-30m/) . 2 May 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "How Stance Socks' Innovative Approach Led to its NBA Deal" (http://www.sneakershouts.com/news/2016/4/26/how-stance-socks-innovative-approach-led-to-its-nba-deal) . sneakershouts.com. 2016-04-26 . Retrieved 2016-05-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Luxury-Socks Startup Stance Raises $50M to Expand Into Underwear" (http://on.wsj.com/1Euq76R) . Wall Street Journal. 2015-03-03 . Retrieved 2015-03-15 . ^ Jump up to: a b DiMartino, Mediha (2016-05-02). "Sock Maker Raises $30M" (http://www.ocbj.com/news/2016/may/02/sock-maker-raises-30m/) . Orange County Business Journal . Retrieved 2017-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Stance valued at $400M with $30M Series D" (http://pitchbook.com/newsletter/stance-valued-at-400m-with-30m-series-d) . Pitchbook . 2016-05-02 . Retrieved 2017-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "NBA Agrees Licensing Deal with Stance Socks As League Official Sock" (http://espn.go.com/nba/story/_/id/12774759/nba-agrees-licensing-deal-stance-league-official-sock) . ESPN. 2015-04-27. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Stance signs deal with MLB to be official sock provider" (http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/15677413/major-league-baseball-signs-deal-stance-official-sock) . ESPN. 2016-05-24. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Business Beat: Stance Locks Original Contract with NBA" (http://www.sanclementetimes.com/business-beat-stance-locks-original-contract-with-nba/) . 3 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Chapman, Lizette (5 March 2015). "Luxury-Socks Startup Stance Raises $50M to Expand into Underwear" (https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2015/03/05/luxury-socks-startup-stance-raises-50m-to-expand-into-underwear/) . Wall Street Journal . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "About Stance | Bold and Creative Socks" (https://www.stance.com/about) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Stance Socks Adds Its Logo to the NBA Uniform" (http://www.mensjournal.com/style/collection/stance-socks-adds-its-logo-to-the-nba-uniform-20150427) . 27 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "BEST SOCKS OF 2017: STANCE" (https://www.sneakscore.com/stance-socks) . Sneakscore . Retrieved 25 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Punks & Poets Socks by Stance | Bold and Creative Socks" (https://www.stance.com/punks-and-poets) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Rihanna Teams Up With Stance For Sock Collection" (https://archive.today/20150819053431/http://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/07/15/rihanna-teams-up-with-stance-for-sock-collection/) . BallerStatus.com. July 15, 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/07/15/rihanna-teams-up-with-stance-for-sock-collection/) on August 19, 2015 . Retrieved July 15, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "What Happens when Rihanna Instagrams Your Art" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/11/rihanna-stance-bijou-karman-artist) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . 22 November 2016. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://stance.com) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/134486433) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐v2kpm Cached time: 20240719185019 Cache expiry: 1055383 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.350 seconds Real time usage: 0.423 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1913/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33125/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1519/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 60094/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.240/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6470324/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 392.835 1 -total 36.28% 142.502 1 Template:Reflist 30.50% 119.815 14 Template:Cite_web 22.36% 87.837 1 Template:Infobox_company 19.81% 77.814 1 Template:Infobox 19.78% 77.695 1 Template:Authority_control 13.89% 54.555 1 Template:Short_description 9.17% 36.017 2 Template:Pagetype 4.84% 19.003 1 Template:Portal 2.26% 8.867 8 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45679442-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719185019 and revision id 1235525841. 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International legwear company PEDS Legwear , formerly known as Richelieu Legwear , is an international legwear company. It manufactures socks (/wiki/Sock) and hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) . PEDS Legwear has offices in Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Quebec; Hildebran, North Carolina; and Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) , China. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] The Simard family founded Richelieu Legwear in Sorel, Quebec (/wiki/Sorel,_Quebec) in 1934. The family gained prominence in the region as shipbuilders and owners of Marine Industries Limited (/wiki/Marine_Industries_Limited) (M.I.L.). Richelieu grew to eventually employee over 600 people in Quebec at its peak in 2002. The Simards maintained ownership of Richelieu until 1997, when Harvey Penner a Montreal businessman who joined Richelieu in the 1960s as a sales manager bought out the Simards and became president of Richelieu Knitting. [2] (#cite_note-2) He remained with the company until 2006 when he sold the Richelieu Hosiery division to his son, Michael D. Penner (/wiki/Michael_D._Penner) , who is currently president and CEO. [3] (#cite_note-Ligaya-3) The company suffered in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when unfavorable exchange rates, competition from China (/wiki/China) and other lower costs countries impacted the Canadian manufacturing industry. Like many other Canadian textile companies, Richelieu moved production off-shore or risk going bankrupt. [4] (#cite_note-Carmichael-4) In 2011, PEDS Legwear invested $7 million to buy the assets of International Legwear Group (ILG), a failing sock company based in Burke County (Hildebran), North Carolina (/wiki/North_Carolina) . The assets included the PEDS and MediPEDS brands In 2014, Richelieu Legwear changed its name to PEDS Legwear to better reflect its new main brand. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2007, Deloitte named Richelieu Hosiery as one of Canada's 50 best managed companies. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2013, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce (/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Chamber_of_Commerce&action=edit&redlink=1) and Grant Thornton LLP (/wiki/Grant_Thornton_LLP) named Richelieu Legwear as a finalist for the 2013 Private Business Growth Award . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2014, Peds announced it was investing $16 million and hiring 200 workers at its Hildebran location over a five-year period after a multi-year commitment from Walmart. [8] (#cite_note-8) In June 2016, the Governor's Office and the North Carolina Department of Commerce announced the award of a $500,000 building reuse grant to Peds so it could expand the Hildebran location with the promise of adding 50 new jobs. Burke County and the town of Hildebran approved a 5 percent match to the state grant. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2016, Gildan Activewear (/wiki/Gildan_Activewear) announced its $55 million purchase of PEDS. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2018, Gildan Activewear Inc. announced its plans to close the operation in Hildebran and lay off all of its manufacturing and distribution workers. [11] (#cite_note-11) US investment [ edit ] With its investment in ILG, PEDS Legwear became part of the rebirth of the American manufacturing sector, which had sustained severe losses during the Great Recession (/wiki/Great_Recession) , particularly in the textile industry. [4] (#cite_note-Carmichael-4) On March 11, 2015, the company opened a new $16 million manufacturing facility in Hildebran that is projected to create more than 205 jobs by 2018. [12] (#cite_note-12) This investment was part of the SelectUSA (/wiki/SelectUSA) program of the US Department of Commerce (/wiki/US_Department_of_Commerce) . As a result, PEDS has been cited as an example of how foreign investment can save and create American manufacturing jobs. [13] (#cite_note-13) Penner was invited by President Barack Obama to talk about the company's investment at a roundtable meeting. [3] (#cite_note-Ligaya-3) See also [ edit ] List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Arnold, Janice, "Hydro-Québec gets its first Jewish chair", The Canadian Jewish News (Montreal), October 20, 2014, Retrieved April 22, 2015, http://www.cjnews.com/canada/hydro-québec-gets-its-first-jewish-chair (http://www.cjnews.com/canada/hydro-québec-gets-its-first-jewish-chair) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dougherty, Sarah, "Grabbing a toehold in hosiery market", The Montreal Gazette , December 24, 2007, Retrieved April 22, 2015, Archived in 2016 (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211640/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=ec68ef8a-fe79-4d2a-8404-8bbd09629488) from http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=ec68ef8a-fe79-4d2a-8404-8bbd09629488 (http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=ec68ef8a-fe79-4d2a-8404-8bbd09629488) ^ Jump up to: a b Ligaya, Armina, How the CEO of Montreal sock maker Richelieu Group got to meet Barack Obama (http://business.financialpost.com/2014/05/20/how-the-ceo-of-montreal-sock-maker-richelieu-group-got-to-meet-barack-obama/) , The Financial Post (Toronto), May 20, 2014, Retrieved April 22, 2015, ^ Jump up to: a b Carmichael, Kevin, An American revival: A Canadian manufacturer’s quest to rebuild itself (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/international-business/us-business/an-american-revival-a-canadian-manufacturers-quest-to-rebuild-itself/article19476053/?page=all) , The Globe and Mail (Toronto), July 5, 2014, Retrieved April 22, 2015, ^ (#cite_ref-5) Staff Reports, "Company changes name, starts production", The Morganton News Herald , December 4, 2014, Retrieved April 22, 2015, http://www.morganton.com/news/company-changes-name-starts-production/article_66877284-7c0e-11e4-aa9c-eb578acb68d0.html (https://www.morganton.com/news/company-changes-name-starts-production/article_66877284-7c0e-11e4-aa9c-eb578acb68d0.html) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Deloitte Web Site. Canada's 50 Best Managed Companies 2007, Retrieved June 1, 2007, https://www.bestmanagedcompanies.ca/en/meetourwinners/Pages/2007winners.aspx (https://www.bestmanagedcompanies.ca/en/meetourwinners/Pages/2007winners.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150405164502/https://www.bestmanagedcompanies.ca/en/meetourwinners/Pages/2007Winners.aspx) 2015-04-05 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Grant Thornton Press Release, "Canadian Chamber of Commerce and Grant Thornton LLP Announce 2013 Private Business Growth Award Finalists", November 6, 2013, Retrieved April 22, 2015, http://www.grantthornton.ca/press_room/press_releases/2013/11/107_1311061159-718 (http://www.grantthornton.ca/press_room/press_releases/2013/11/107_1311061159-718) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160427041443/http://www.grantthornton.ca/press_room/press_releases/2013/11/107_1311061159-718) 2016-04-27 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Gildan to close its Hildebran facility" (https://www.morganton.com/news/gildan-to-close-its-hildebran-facility/article_9f8bd606-8489-11e8-bded-7b38d05bb73c.html) . 10 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Gildan to close its Hildebran facility" (https://www.morganton.com/news/gildan-to-close-its-hildebran-facility/article_9f8bd606-8489-11e8-bded-7b38d05bb73c.html) . 10 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Delean, Paul (July 27, 2016). "Gildan snaps up Peds Legwear" (https://montrealgazette.com/business/gildan-snaps-up-peds-legwear) . Montreal Gazette (/wiki/Montreal_Gazette) . Retrieved July 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Gildan to close its Hildebran facility" (https://www.morganton.com/news/gildan-to-close-its-hildebran-facility/article_9f8bd606-8489-11e8-bded-7b38d05bb73c.html) . 10 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Matsumoto, Evan, "PEDS Legwear: Ribbon cut for new facility", The Morganton News Herald , March 11, 2015, Retrieved April 22, 2015, http://www.morganton.com/news/peds-legwear-ribbon-cut-for-new-facility/article_ad3f7adc-c835-11e4-8448-db16a9755c34.html (https://www.morganton.com/news/peds-legwear-ribbon-cut-for-new-facility/article_ad3f7adc-c835-11e4-8448-db16a9755c34.html) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Remarks by the President at SelectUSA Investment Summit, March 23, 2015, Gaylord National Convention Center, National Harbor, Maryland, Retrieved April 22, 2015, "Obama at SelectUSA Investment Summit | London, UK - Embassy of the United States" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150902061657/http://london.usembassy.gov/obama490.html) . Archived from the original (https://london.usembassy.gov/obama490.html) on 2015-09-02 . Retrieved 2015-04-16 . External links [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Official website (http://www.peds.com) Pilate Socks (https://happytoess.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6fcf4fdbb9‐cfgz6 Cached time: 20240716020136 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.199 seconds Real time usage: 0.289 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 561/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10434/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 527/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25429/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.118/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4425054/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 265.910 1 -total 49.76% 132.313 1 Template:Reflist 35.66% 94.827 4 Template:Cite_web 34.65% 92.131 1 Template:Short_description 15.68% 41.685 2 Template:Pagetype 14.40% 38.295 4 Template:Main_other 13.52% 35.957 1 Template:SDcat 8.41% 22.362 1 Template:Portal 4.38% 11.658 1 Template:Official_website 3.94% 10.475 2 Template:Webarchive Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45716235-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716020136 and revision id 1234770255. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PEDS_Legwear&oldid=1234770255 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PEDS_Legwear&oldid=1234770255) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Socks (/wiki/Category:Socks) Hosiery brands (/wiki/Category:Hosiery_brands) Clothing companies of Canada (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Canada) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbizon_Modeling_and_Acting_School&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) American modeling and acting school Barbizon Modeling and Acting School Location Tampa, Florida (/wiki/Tampa,_Florida) Information Type Acting and modeling school Established 1939 (85 years ago) ( 1939 ) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , United States Website www (http://www.barbizonmodeling.com) .barbizonmodeling (http://www.barbizonmodeling.com) .com (http://www.barbizonmodeling.com) Barbizon Modeling and Acting School is an international modeling (/wiki/Model_(person)) and acting (/wiki/Acting) school headquartered in Tampa, Florida (/wiki/Tampa,_Florida) . The school provides instructional courses in the domain of modeling and personal development. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] The first Barbizon School of Modeling and Acting was opened in 1939 on Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , by Helen Fraser, [5] (#cite_note-5) a fashion model and teacher with her husband, Dr. Fraser, a dentist. The Barbizon name was developed from the Fraser's vacations to France where they became interested in the town of Barbizon (/wiki/Barbizon) , a village outside of Paris known for the 19th-century Barbizon school (/wiki/Barbizon_school) of painters. She wrote a book Assignment in Modeling: A Guide to a Career in Fashion and Photographic Modeling". [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1950, Helen met Ronald Reagan (/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) , who would later become President of the United States (/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) , and awarded him with the Best-Dressed Man in America award she established. In 1951, Helen acted as a celebrity judge for the Miss Brooklyn Pageant, alongside actress Denise Darcel (/wiki/Denise_Darcel) and comedian Steve Allen (/wiki/Steve_Allen) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Locations [ edit ] Barbizon Modeling and Acting Centers are located in more than 200 markets across the United States. International locations include Bangkok, Toronto, Santo Domingo and Japan. College scholarship [ edit ] In 1992, Barbizon initiated a college scholarship (/wiki/Scholarship) program, paying up to $100,000 of tuition [8] (#cite_note-8) to scholarship recipients for any college or university in the United States (/wiki/United_States) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Notable alumni [ edit ] This section needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Barbizon_Modeling_and_Acting_School) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Barbizon Modeling and Acting School" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Barbizon+Modeling+and+Acting+School%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Nicole Gale Anderson (/wiki/Nicole_Gale_Anderson) David Archuleta (/wiki/David_Archuleta) ( American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) contestant) Moisés Arias (/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s_Arias) Drew Tyler Bell (/wiki/Drew_Tyler_Bell) Haley Bennett (/wiki/Haley_Bennett) Caressa Cameron (/wiki/Caressa_Cameron) – ( Miss America (/wiki/Miss_America) 2010) Carmen Electra (/wiki/Carmen_Electra) (thanked Barbizon in her self-help book (/wiki/Self-help_book) ) Sean Faris (/wiki/Sean_Faris) Lyndsy Fonseca (/wiki/Lyndsy_Fonseca) Julie Henderson (/wiki/Julie_Henderson) (model) June Kirby (/wiki/June_Kirby) - actress and model [10] (#cite_note-10) Karen Montell (/wiki/Karen_Montell) - politician and model [11] (#cite_note-11) Gena Lee Nolin (/wiki/Gena_Lee_Nolin) – named Miss Barbizon [12] (#cite_note-12) Condoleezza Rice (/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice) – former U.S. Secretary of State (/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State) ; referenced Barbizon in her autobiography as one of her early stepping stones [13] (#cite_note-13) Zach Roerig (/wiki/Zach_Roerig) Sofia Vassilieva (/wiki/Sofia_Vassilieva) Ryan Phillippe (/wiki/Ryan_Phillippe) Giuliana Rancic (/wiki/Giuliana_Rancic) (entertainment journalist) Audrey Marie Anderson (/wiki/Audrey_Marie_Anderson) Tera Patrick (/wiki/Tera_Patrick) (pornographic actress and model) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) New York City portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York_City) Schools portal (/wiki/Portal:Schools) Lists of schools (/wiki/Lists_of_schools) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jackson, Shaaron (2010). Teen Age Guide to Self-Development and Modeling: Start Working Toward A Better You . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781453504390 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bumiller, Elisabeth (2009). Condoleezza Rice: An American Life . Random House (/wiki/Random_House) . p. 64 (https://archive.org/details/condoleezzaricea00bumi_0/page/64) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Figueroa-Jones, Madeline. "Interview With PLUS Model Magazine Cover Model… Valerie Lefkowitz" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145429/http://www.plusmodelmag.com/General/plus-model-magazine-article-detail.asp?article-id=715000518) . Plus Model Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.plusmodelmag.com/General/plus-model-magazine-article-detail.asp?article-id=715000518) on June 26, 2015 . Retrieved November 5, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Barbizon Advantage" (http://www.pageantrymagazine.com/magazine/Modeling_and_Talent/Barbizon/2006/d06/d06_Barbizon_advantage.htm) . Pageantry Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Barbizon Modeling and Agency 1939 to Unveil Audience on Demand Crowd Placement Service" (http://www.prunderground.com/barbizon-modeling-and-agency-1939-to-unveil-audience-on-demand-crowd-placement-service/0034368/) . Retrieved April 26, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Fraser, Helen (1950). Assignment in modeling: A Guide to a Career in Fashion and Photographic Modeling . Whittlesey House (/wiki/Whittlesey_House) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Brooklyn Daily Eagle" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/52859584/) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Peterson's (August 15, 2012). Scholarships, Grants & Prizes 2012 . Peterson's (/wiki/Peterson%27s) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780768935813 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Houpt, Paige. "Allen Park: High School Student Earns $100,000 Scholarship" (http://www.thenewsherald.com/articles/2011/05/21/news/doc4dd6b2e38408e593606502.txt) . The News Herald (/wiki/The_News-Herald_(Southgate,_Michigan)) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Samuel Claesson (March 31, 2023). Top Models . Sequoia Press. p. 22. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9798889921806 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Karen Montell" (https://ballotpedia.org/Karen_Montell) . Ballotpedia . Retrieved February 15, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Nolin, Gena Lee (/wiki/Gena_Lee_Nolin) (October 8, 2013). Beautiful Inside and Out: Conquering Thyroid Disease with a Healthy, Happy, "Thyroid Sexy" Life . p. 19. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781451687224 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Bumiller, Elisabeth (2009). Condoleezza Rice: An American Life . Random House (/wiki/Random_House) . p. 64 (https://archive.org/details/condoleezzaricea00bumi_0/page/64) . 26°16′09″N 80°14′58″W / 26.269141°N 80.249429°W / 26.269141; -80.249429 in Tampa, Florida NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐78789c78f5‐bzk8j Cached time: 20240701001750 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.440 seconds Real time usage: 0.653 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3247/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 49304/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2315/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 55322/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.268/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7252742/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 551.479 1 -total 27.85% 153.569 1 Template:Reflist 24.73% 136.394 1 Template:Infobox_school 20.33% 112.089 1 Template:Infobox 19.79% 109.116 7 Template:Cite_book 13.16% 72.563 1 Template:Short_description 12.68% 69.923 1 Template:Advert 12.43% 68.554 2 Template:Ambox 6.67% 36.810 9 Template:Main_other 6.14% 33.855 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46527810-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701001750 and revision id 1231895304. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbizon_Modeling_and_Acting_School&oldid=1231895304 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbizon_Modeling_and_Acting_School&oldid=1231895304) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1939 establishments in New York City (/wiki/Category:1939_establishments_in_New_York_City) Drama schools in the United States (/wiki/Category:Drama_schools_in_the_United_States) Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Category:Fifth_Avenue) Modeling (profession) (/wiki/Category:Modeling_(profession)) Universities and colleges in Manhattan (/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Manhattan) Educational institutions established in 1939 (/wiki/Category:Educational_institutions_established_in_1939) Vocational schools in the United States (/wiki/Category:Vocational_schools_in_the_United_States) Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas) Articles with a promotional tone from August 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_August_2021) All articles with a promotional tone (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use American English from June 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_June_2015) All Wikipedia articles written in American English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English) Use mdy dates from June 2015 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2015) Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from June 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2021) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) Coordinates on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata) Pages using the Kartographer extension (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension)
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Italian menswear brand Not to be confused with Isaiah (/wiki/Isaiah) . For people with the name Isaia, see Isaia (name) (/wiki/Isaia_(name)) . Isaia Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Fashion Founded 1920 ; 104 years ago ( 1920 ) Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Founder Enrico Isaia Headquarters Naples (/wiki/Naples) , Italy Area served International boutiques: Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) , Capri (/wiki/Capri) , Ekaterinburg (/wiki/Ekaterinburg) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Kyiv (/wiki/Kyiv) , Macao (/wiki/Macao) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Ulaanbaatar (/wiki/Ulaanbaatar) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , St. Petersburg (/wiki/St._Petersburg) , San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , Tokyo (/wiki/Minato-ku,_Tokyo) , Toronto, Chicago, Kuwait City Products Men's tailoring, Classic Italian suits Services Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) production, ready to wear, made to measure (/wiki/Made_to_measure) Website Isaia.it (http://www.Isaia.it) An ISAIA wool/silk/linen blazer worn with the brand's coral logo lapel pin Red coral (/wiki/Red_coral) inspired the Isaia lapel pin and is a symbol of the brand Isaia is a Neapolitan tailoring (/wiki/Neapolitan_tailoring) brand founded by Enrico Isaia in Naples (/wiki/Naples) in 1920. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand is recognized by its tiny red coral (/wiki/Red_coral) logo, [2] (#cite_note-2) which is a good-luck charm (/wiki/Good_luck_charm) in Naples. [3] (#cite_note-3) The brand describes its clientele as "passionate, sophisticated, irreverent, eclectic and elegant." Gianluca Isaia is the chief executive officer (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Stores [ edit ] Isaia has monobrand stores in Naples, Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) , Capri (/wiki/Capri) , Ekaterinburg (/wiki/Ekaterinburg) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Kuwait city (/wiki/Kuwait_city) , Kyiv (/wiki/Kyiv) , Macao (/wiki/Macao) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Moscow (/wiki/Moscow) , Ulaanbaatar (/wiki/Ulaanbaatar) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , St. Petersburg (/wiki/St._Petersburg) , San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , Chicago, Toronto and Tokyo (/wiki/Minato-ku,_Tokyo) . [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] Isaia was founded in Napoli (/wiki/Naples) by Enrico Isaia, who opened a fabric (/wiki/Fabric) store for Neapolitan tailoring (/wiki/Neapolitan_tailoring) , and later a small atelier next to the store. In 1957 the brothers Enrico, Rosario and Corrado Isaia moved the business to Casalnuovo (/wiki/Casalnuovo_di_Napoli) , a village near Napoli where tailoring was a large part of the economy, and Isaia became a men's tailoring company. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Enrico Isaia died at age 84 on 7 March 2017. [8] (#cite_note-8) Coral legend [ edit ] Perseus (/wiki/Perseus) saving Andromeda (/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)) while Medusa (/wiki/Medusa) 's severed head bleeds into the sea In Naples, the mythical origin story of red coral (/wiki/Red_coral) is well known. As the legend goes, the Greek (/wiki/Greek_mythology) hero Perseus (/wiki/Perseus) killed the Gorgon Medusa (/wiki/Medusa) and wanted to deliver her head as a wedding present to the King of Seriphos, who was about to wed his mother. On his way home, he saw the beautiful Andromeda (/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)) chained to a rock and about to be eaten by a sea monster. Wanting to save her life, he killed the beast and then sat on the bank of the water to wash his hands. When he set the sack with Medusa’s head besides him, her blood dripped into the water and transformed into what we know as red coral. For this, Neapolitans consider red coral a sign of good luck, and they use it in everything from pendants to religious ornaments to jewelry. [9] (#cite_note-9) Products [ edit ] Isaia is most known for its Neapolitan tailoring (/wiki/Neapolitan_tailoring) , often in bright colors to counteract the sun bleaching that occurs in the warm climate of Naples. In 2020, the brand produced denim (/wiki/Denim) with a customized selvage (/wiki/Selvage) and a traditional Neapolitan proverb embroidered on the inside. [10] (#cite_note-impeccable_tailoring-10) Philanthropy [ edit ] The Capodimonte Museum (/wiki/Capodimonte_Museum) in Naples receives financial support from Isaia Isaia supports Capodimonte Museum (/wiki/Capodimonte_Museum) in its hometown of Naples (/wiki/Naples) . [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) Made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) Cesare Attolini (/wiki/Cesare_Attolini) Neapolitan tailoring (/wiki/Neapolitan_tailoring) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) About Isaia (http://www.isaia.it/#/en/roots/about-isaia) ^ (#cite_ref-2) CC Reagan, Being Neapolitan | A Lesson in Language & Style at Isaia (http://www.acontinuouslean.com/2012/07/03/being-neapolitan-a-lesson-in-language-style-at-isaia/) July 3, 2012, accessed 5/5/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-3) esquire.com (/wiki/Esquire.com) The Extra Ten Percent: The Preloaded Lapel Pin (http://www.esquire.com/style/mens-accessories/a20248/pre-loaded-lapel-pin-0313/) March 2011, accessed 5/5/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Alessandra Turra, Gianluca Isaia to Appear in Alfa Romeo Digital Ads (http://wwd.com/business-news/media/gianluca-isaia-to-appear-in-alfa-romeo-digital-ads-10952744/) Women's wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_wear_Daily) , July 27, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-5) showrooms (http://www.isaia.it/content/stores?refNode=node://0.1187.708715345242488833) accessed 10/8/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-6) "ISAIA AND THE SPIRIT OF NAPLES" (https://therake.com/stories/isaia-spirit-naples) . The Rake. August 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-7) isaia.it About Isaia Napoli (https://www.isaia.it/isaia-family) accessed March 2024 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Enrico Isaia Dies at 84: The executive founded the Isaia men’s wear company in Naples in 1957 with his brothers Corrado and Rosario (http://wwd.com/eye/people/enrico-isaia-dies-84-10839964/) , Alessandra Turra, Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , March 8, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Red Coral in Naples" (http://dieworkwear.com/post/26914209197/red-coral-in-naples) . ^ (#cite_ref-impeccable_tailoring_10-0) Isaia Men’s Fall 2020: Isaia once again delivered impeccable tailoring, introducing a denim range (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-collections-2020/milan/isaia/review/amp/) Luisa Zargani, Women’s Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_Wear_Daily) , January 14, 2020 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Isaia Men’s Spring 2020: The collection paid tribute to the Capodimonte Museum in Naples, which the company is supporting (https://wwd.com/runway/resort-2020/milan/isaia/review/) Luisa Zargani, Women’s Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_Wear_Daily) , June 17, 2019 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.Isaia.it) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Companies (/wiki/Portal:Companies) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6697fd87f8‐cdjws Cached time: 20240711194025 Cache expiry: 1743577 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.566 seconds Real time usage: 0.778 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1597/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14471/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1469/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15696/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.361/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4583227/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 678.296 1 -total 34.48% 233.879 1 Template:Reflist 29.99% 203.452 2 Template:Cite_web 24.87% 168.702 1 Template:Infobox_company 22.05% 149.577 1 Template:Infobox 21.51% 145.874 1 Template:Short_description 10.27% 69.635 7 Template:Main_other 9.43% 63.937 1 Template:Portal_bar 9.39% 63.714 1 Template:SDcat 8.71% 59.047 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46621279-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711194025 and revision id 1233949034. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaia&oldid=1233949034 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaia&oldid=1233949034) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) Companies based in Naples (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Naples) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Italian suit makers (/wiki/Category:Italian_suit_makers) Clothing companies established in 1920 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1920) Italian companies established in 1920 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1920) Altagamma members (/wiki/Category:Altagamma_members) Neapolitan tailoring (/wiki/Category:Neapolitan_tailoring) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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Fashion trend featuring clothing designed for athletic activities Windbreakers (/wiki/Windbreaker) and leggings (/wiki/Leggings) serve as quintessential representative fashion trends that exemplify the contemporary athleisure lifestyle. Athleisure is a hybrid [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) style of athletic clothing typically worn as everyday wear. The word is a portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) combining the words 'athletic' and 'leisure'. Athleisure outfits can include tracksuits (/wiki/Tracksuit) , sports jackets (/wiki/Sports_jacket) , hoodies (/wiki/Hoodies) , yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) , tights (/wiki/Tights) , sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) , flats (/wiki/Ballet_flats) , Birkenstocks (/wiki/Birkenstock) , uggs (/wiki/Ugg_boots) , leggings (/wiki/Leggings) and shorts (/wiki/Shorts) [2] (#cite_note-2) that look like athletic wear and pair well with it. Characterized as "fashionable, dressed-up sweats (/wiki/Sweatpants) and exercise clothing," [3] (#cite_note-twsUSAToday2-3) the growth of the athleisure trend took root during the mid-2010s, which grew out of the popularity of yoga pants that emerged throughout the mid to late 2000s. The convenience of wearing clothes that matched and paired well with yoga pants gave mainstream North American women the agency to exhibit their casual fashion sensibilities for the sake of convenience in multiple occasions without having to change frequently throughout various settings while going on and about their daily lives. Since the mid-2010s, the pervasiveness of the athleisure phenomenon has experienced a significant surge in popularity across Canada and the United States, particularly within the everyday life and daily routines of mainstream North American women. The atheleisure trend entails casual clothing options that give North American women the option to incorporate athletic clothing as part as of their everyday attire, irrespective of their actual engagement in physical activities or not. Athleisure can also be considered a contemporary fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) movement, enabled by scientific development and growth of advanced and cutting-edge textile materials and technical fabrics and fibers which allow modern activewear (/wiki/Activewear) to be more durable, breathable, lightweight, stretchy (/wiki/Stretch_fabric) , versatile, comfortable, and fashionable. [4] (#cite_note-4) Since the mid 2010s, it is also recognized as a retail clothing category (/wiki/Category_management) . [5] (#cite_note-twsUSAToday-5) Background [ edit ] In the 1930s, the American sportswear company Champion (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) began producing hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) for American working-class laborers working in freezing temperatures. In 1958, the American chemical maker DuPont (/wiki/DuPont) invented spandex (/wiki/Spandex) , a crucial material component foundational in many pieces of contemporary athleisure. The German sportswear company Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) popularized athletic fashion by introducing sport-to-street tracksuits (/wiki/Tracksuits) in 1963. By the 1970s, athletic fashion was ubiquitous throughout North American street culture which grew in popularity throughout the 1980s from old school hip hop music videos. [6] (#cite_note-6) By some accounts, the growth of the modern athleisure trend took root and became more pronounced during the mid-2010s, which itself grew out of the popularity of yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) that emerged throughout the mid to late 2000s. Springing from the convenience of wearing clothes allowed North American women to casually wear yoga pants for multiple occasions without having to frequently change. Its popularity may have also stemmed from its ability to fill a gap in the sportswear market, when athletic apparel was once merely utilitarian rather than for cosmetic and fashionably stylistic purposes. [7] (#cite_note-7) Another account suggests that the cyclical nature of blue jean (/wiki/Jeans) sales has allowed athleisure apparel to supplant denim as casual wear. [8] (#cite_note-twsNPR-8) [9] (#cite_note-twsLATimes-9) [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Activewear (/wiki/Activewear) that had been worn exclusively in gyms is now being casually worn elsewhere by young adults and fitness-conscious consumers and has been accompanied by a relaxation in dress codes. The styles, colors, and fabrics of athleisure postulate a broader emphasis on being fashionable as opposed to functionality. [11] (#cite_note-11) Technological advances in textiles innovation have brought improvements in functionality, such that modern garments and footwear have become more breathable, lightweight, stretchy (/wiki/Stretch_fabric) , versatile, comfortable, fashionable, durable, and waterproof. Contemporary garments are performance enhancing and allow wearers to carry out everyday activities easily. [12] (#cite_note-12) Evolution in the 2020s [ edit ] By 2020, a so-called "next-gen athleisure" category had emerged, owing to increasing acceptance in the workplace as well as advancements in fabric and production technology, which has led yoga pants to also function as an acceptable form of officewear. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) The COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) contributed to a continued increase in the popularity of athleisure wear. Some fashion brands that had previously made streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) or suits pivoted to items like hoodies and jogging trousers (/wiki/Jogging_trousers) , since many people were quarantined at home and wanted comfortable clothing that would still look stylish for virtual meetings. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-EvansCBC-14) Joggers being sold as fancy pants, alongside plaid pajama pants, at a Uniqlo store in Hong Kong in 2021. Athleisure clothing frequently uses accents of brightly-colored fabric acting as a stark contrast against a dark background, as shown here with a person wearing Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) 's famed groove pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) . Market size and trends [ edit ] Reports in USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) and The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) in 2015 described the athleisure market as growing, displacing typical workwear styles, and cutting in to sales of jeans, with a market size in 2014 of US$35 billion, representing an 8% increase from the previous year. [5] (#cite_note-twsUSAToday-5) [15] (#cite_note-twsUSAToday3-15) [16] (#cite_note-twsWSJ1-16) According to one estimate, the athleisure market, including footwear, was US$270 billion in 2016, and was estimated to grow 30% in the United States and Asia by the year 2020. [17] (#cite_note-Digiday1-17) According to a study conducted by Allied Market Research, the worldwide athleisure market in 2018 was estimated to be valued at US$155 billion. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) As of 2019 in Canada, approximately 25 percent of the apparel purchased by Canadians consisted of "active" or athleisure clothing. However, by 2021, this percentage had increased to over one-third, with sales of such clothing growing at a rate twice that of other apparel categories. [14] (#cite_note-EvansCBC-14) According to a report conducted by Market Research Future, it is projected that the market will exceed a value of US$842 billion by the year 2028. [18] (#cite_note-18) The athleisure market has experienced a surge in competition due to the influx of big-box retailers (/wiki/Big-box_retailer) such as Walmart and Target, as well as fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) brands offering similar products at more affordable prices. A market analyst estimated that the athleisure market was not slowing down, with much competition and pressure on various retail outlets including sporting goods stores. [15] (#cite_note-twsUSAToday3-15) Impacts [ edit ] Social [ edit ] A woman wearing sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) and boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) , which were conventionally women's sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) , but are now also worn as casual (/wiki/Casual_attire) or athleisure by women across North American society. Global shifts toward an awareness in health and rise in fitness trends have led to growing interest and participation in sports among the public. Many have actively joined sporting clubs and competitions in order to fully adopt the characteristics of the contemporary athleisure lifestyle. Consequently, sportswear brands have capitalized on this opportunity to improve and introduce better quality apparel, footwear, and gear for sale to potential customers, which allows modern sportswear brands to cultivate customer loyalty by showcasing their commitment to promoting a healthy lifestyle through their products. [19] (#cite_note-19) Athleisure has been promoted by celebrities such as Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . [20] (#cite_note-Maxim1-20) It has been criticized because of the way it displays the feminine form. In a 2019 article in the New York Times which focused specifically on leggings, the question was asked, "When did leggings make the leap from garment to cultural lightning rod?" In a letter to the editor of The Observer , school newspaper at the University of Notre Dame (/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame) , reported the Times , a woman wrote, "it was for their own as well as the greater good [for women not to wear leggings] in part because leggings made it hard for men to control themselves." [21] (#cite_note-21) Materials and technology [ edit ] Scientific advancements have led to the rise of new modern technical fibers being developed and used to make athleisure more resistant to wear and tear (/wiki/Wear_and_tear) , water, grease, and stains as well as to enable greater odor reduction, sweat-wicking, and stretchability to conform to the human body's shape. [20] (#cite_note-Maxim1-20) [22] (#cite_note-WSJ15-22) Some athleisure designs allow certain segments more breathability while other parts can have greater tension or durability. [23] (#cite_note-KnittingIndustry1-23) A type of athleisure sometimes called "technical wear" focuses on clothes that are more suitable for wearing to the office while also being comfortable in concurrence. [20] (#cite_note-Maxim1-20) Environmental [ edit ] There have been concerns that materials used in athleisure may have negative consequences for the environment; these chemicals include dyes and solvents and polyfluorinated chemicals and petroleum (/wiki/Petroleum) which are used to make athleisure resistant to water and grease and stains. [24] (#cite_note-24) See also [ edit ] Look up athleisure (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/athleisure) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Activewear (/wiki/Activewear) Exercise dress (/wiki/Exercise_dress) Fitness culture (/wiki/Fitness_culture) Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Women's sports (/wiki/Women%27s_sports) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Tsapovsky, Flora (22 June 2020). "Once a WFH Staple, Athleisure Gets Down to Business" (https://www.wired.com/story/athleisure-gets-down-to-business/) . Wired (/wiki/Wired_(magazine)) . Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) . Hybrid clothing has definitely been on the rise ... as performance fabrics become more sophisticated, they're better adapted to bridge the gap between work and leisure. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "I Hated Shorts Until Athleisure Became a Thing" (https://www.glamour.com/story/how-to-wear-athleisure-shorts) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . 2017-08-23 . Retrieved 2022-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-twsUSAToday2_3-0) Loring, Devin (March 25, 2015). "What's 'athleisure'? Find out in Spring Lake" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/main-street/2015/03/25/barefoot-athleisure/70431190/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved 2022-12-06 . ...worn during non-athletic, leisurely activities... ^ (#cite_ref-4) Aktar, Alev (2014-11-30). "Active or Idle, Everyone Is Wearing Gym Clothes Now" (https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/239685) . Entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2017-12-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b DiBlasio, Natalie (December 29, 2014). "Retailers rush to tap Millennial 'athleisure' market" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2014/12/23/athleisure-activewear-shopping-holiday/19616825/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved 2022-12-06 . ...Sales for 'athleisure,' a new clothing category ... comfy-casual-athletic action ... Millennial women are flocking to athleisure clothing—fashionable, dressed up sweats and exercise clothing—for their casual go-to clothing for both leisure and work. For many of the Millennials, jeans have dropped to a distant second for weekend wear. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Guzzetta, Marli (2019). "Athleisure Used to Be Just an Outfit. Here's How It Became a Lifestyle" (https://www.inc.com/magazine/201906/marli-guzzetta/athleisure-athletic-wear-clothing-apparel-brands-tracksuit-yoga-pants.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Speculations, Great. "The Athleisure Trend Is Here To Stay" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2016/10/06/the-athleisure-trend-is-here-to-stay/#598ae34028bd) . Forbes . Retrieved 2017-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-twsNPR_8-0) Sanders, Sam (April 8, 2015). "For The Modern Man, The Sweatpant Moves Out Of The Gym" (https://www.npr.org/2015/04/08/397138654/for-the-modern-man-the-sweatpant-moves-out-of-the-gym) . NPR (/wiki/NPR) . Retrieved 2022-12-06 . ...growing trend called "athleisure."... sales of athleisure apparel were more than $35 billion last year... ^ (#cite_ref-twsLATimes_9-0) Tschorn, Adam (2015-02-12). "New York Fashion Week: For men, athleisure gains ground on workwear" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ar-mens-new-york-fashion-week-20150211-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved 2022-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_10-0) Salfino, Catherine (2017-02-02). "From Workout to Workwear, Athleisure Works a New Angle" (https://sourcingjournalonline.com/workout-workwear-athleisure-works-new-angle/) . Sourcing Journal . Retrieved 2017-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Athleisure's Winners and Losers" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/athleisures-winners-and-losers) . The Business of Fashion . 2016-11-16 . Retrieved 2017-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Goodrum, Alison (2016-04-02). "The dress issue: introduction" (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F11745398.2016.1169581) . Annals of Leisure Research . 19 (2): 145–161. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/11745398.2016.1169581 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F11745398.2016.1169581) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1174-5398 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1174-5398) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "How fashion designers flipped to athleisure during Covid" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57557725) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 2021-06-23 . Retrieved 2022-07-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Pete (Oct 11, 2021). "Sweatpants forever? Why the 'athleisure' fashion trend may outlast the pandemic" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/sweatpants-athleisure-1.6204720) . CBC News . Retrieved July 12, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b D'Innocenzio, Anne (September 6, 2014). "Jeans face uncertain future amid yoga wear rage" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/09/06/jeans-face-an-uncertain-future-amid-yoga-wear-rage/15146265/) . USA TODAY . Retrieved 2022-12-13 . ...Levi Strauss, which invented the first pair of blue jeans 141 years ago, is among jean makers that acknowledge their women's business has been hurt. ^ (#cite_ref-twsWSJ1_16-0) Holmes, Elizabeth (May 5, 2015). "Athleisure: A Workout Look for Every Occasion" (https://www.wsj.com/video/athleisure-a-workout-look-for-every-occasion/D0174829-3288-40F1-9E12-0F420E38AA9A.html) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (Video) . Retrieved 2022-12-06 . ...athletic-inspired, casual look... ^ (#cite_ref-Digiday1_17-0) Milnes, Hilary (2016-03-22). "Designer sneakers and $200 leggings: How luxury stepped into the rise of athleisure" (https://digiday.com/marketing/designer-sneakers-200-leggings-luxury-stepped-rise-athleisure/) . Digiday . Retrieved 2022-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Market Research Future (2022-10-26). "Athleisure Market Size to Surpass USD 842.03 Billion by 2028 at 10.33% CAGR" (https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/10/26/2541819/0/en/Athleisure-Market-Size-to-Surpass-USD-842-03-Billion-by-2028-at-10-33-CAGR-Report-by-Market-Research-Future-MRFR.html) . GlobeNewswire (Press release) . Retrieved 2023-01-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Fromm, Jeff. "The Lululemon Lifestyle: Millennials Seek More Than Just Comfort From Athleisure Wear" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jefffromm/2016/07/06/the-lululemon-lifestyle-millennials-seek-more-than-just-comfort-from-athleisure-wear/#42fb221714d9) . Forbes . Retrieved 2017-05-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Chayka, Kyle (2015-07-13). "Technical Wear: The Better Athleisure" (https://www.maxim.com/style/technical-wear-better-athleisure/) . Maxim (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2022-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Friedman, Vanessa (April 1, 2019). "It's Possible Leggings Are the Future. Deal With It" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/01/fashion/leggings-notre-dame-controversy.html) . New York Times . Retrieved 30 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-WSJ15_22-0) Kapner, Suzanne (May 7, 2015). "Luxe Meets 'Athleisure' in Techie Cashmere" (http://www.wsj.com/articles/luxe-meets-athleisure-in-techie-cashmere-1431044171) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Retrieved 2022-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-KnittingIndustry1_23-0) Mann, L., August 3, 2015, Knitting Industry, Athleisure and the Future of Fashion (http://www.knittingindustry.com/athleisure-and-the-future-of-fashion/) , Retrieved May 30, 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-24) Westervelt, Amy (/wiki/Amy_Westervelt) (2015-06-02). "Sweat it out: could your sportswear be toxic?" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jun/02/toxics-apparel-nike-adidas-reach) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . 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heidi.com Company type Société Anonyme (/wiki/S.A._(corporation)) Founded Saint-Blaise, Switzerland (/wiki/Saint-Blaise,_Switzerland) (2002) Founder Andreas Doering, Willy Fantin Defunct 2021 Headquarters Neuchâtel (/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel) , Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) Products Apparel (/wiki/Clothing) Website www (http://www.heidi.com) .heidi (http://www.heidi.com) .com (http://www.heidi.com) heidi.com [1] (#cite_note-1) was a Neuchâtel (/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel) , Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) -based company specialized in ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) apparel. Its name and logo are directly inspired from Heidi (/wiki/Heidi) , the main character in Johanna Spyri (/wiki/Johanna_Spyri) 's 1880 novel. The brand officially equipped all members of the Swiss pavilion at the Expo 2015 (/wiki/Expo_2015) in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] The company was founded in 2002 by Andreas Doering and Willy Fantin in Saint-Blaise, Switzerland (/wiki/Saint-Blaise,_Switzerland) , and quickly built its image around various guerilla marketing (/wiki/Guerilla_marketing) stunts around the world. Its quick growth led it to become a full Société Anonyme (/wiki/S.A._(corporation)) company on 27 June 2012. Moving its headquarters to Neuchâtel in January 2014, its capital base increased fourfold over the same year, with several investors joining the founders. [3] (#cite_note-3) Willy Fantin then left the company's board to work directly at the management level. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) It goes bankrupt at the end of 2020 and goes into liquidation in the spring of 2021. [6] (#cite_note-6) Brand ambassadors [ edit ] The brand was selected by Presence Switzerland (/wiki/Presence_Switzerland) to equip the staff at the Shanghai (/wiki/Expo_2010) [7] (#cite_note-7) and Milan World's Fairs (/wiki/Expo_2015) . Heidi remained a web retailer for its first ten years of existence, finally opened its flagship store (/wiki/Flagship_store) in December 2013 [8] (#cite_note-8) located in the former Neuchâtel Fire Station (/wiki/Fire_Station) . It was designed by iraqi (/wiki/Iraqis) - british (/wiki/British_people) architect (/wiki/Architect) Zaha Hadid (/wiki/Zaha_Hadid) . [9] (#cite_note-9) This project, called Retail of Tomorrow , was developed in partnership with Samsung (/wiki/Samsung) and included a variety of interactive signage, most notably through near field communication (/wiki/Near_field_communication) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) In the Fall of 2014, heidi announced a partnership with Swiss pop-star (/wiki/Pop-star) Bastian Baker (/wiki/Bastian_Baker) whereby the artist, beyond sporting branded goods, also participated in the design of limited edition clothing. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Notable guerilla marketing events [ edit ] 2012 Two weeks in an igloo (/wiki/Igloo) on the Thyon (/wiki/Thyon) slopes for the winner of a contest; [14] (#cite_note-14) 2010 Election posters during the 2010 Australian federal election (/wiki/2010_Australian_federal_election) ; [15] (#cite_note-15) 2008 A "raffle cab" at the Nendaz (/wiki/Nendaz) ski resort. [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The full name is registered as lower case (http://www.moneyhouse.ch/fr/u/v/ws/heidi_com_sa_CH-645.4.095.860-4.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "heidi.com - Partenaire officiel de Présence Suisse à la prochaine Exposition universelle de Milan " Expo Milano 2015 " (http://www.heidi.com/media/wysiwyg/press/press_release/pressemitteilung_milan_fr.pdf) " (http://www.heidi.com/media/wysiwyg/press/press_release/pressemitteilung_milan_fr.pdf) (PDF) . 20 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Arcinfo (21 May 2014). "Un groupe d'investisseurs prend une part "significative" de la marque neuchâteloise Heidi.com" (http://www.arcinfo.ch/fr/regions/canton-de-neuchatel/un-groupe-d-investisseurs-prend-une-part-significative-de-la-marque-neuchateloise-heidicom-556-1297728) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "heidi.com s.à.r.l." (https://www.shab.ch/shabforms/servlet/Search?EID=7&DOCID=6749254) (in French). Vol. 130, no. 127. Feuille officielle suisse du commerce. 3 July 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "heidi.com SA" (https://www.shab.ch/shabforms/servlet/Search?EID=7&DOCID=1805723) (in French). Feuille officielle suisse du commerce. 5 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bèzes, Christophe (2013). "Comparer l'image des magasins avec celle de la boutique en ligne" (https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02086857/file/Comparez%20l%27image%20de%20vos%20magasins.pdf) (PDF) . Gestion (in French). 38 (2): 39–50. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3917/riges.382.0039 (https://doi.org/10.3917%2Friges.382.0039) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0701-0028 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0701-0028) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Odile Habel (2010-10-05). "Heidi à Shanghai". Elle magazine (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) (in French). pp. 1–4. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Muriel Risse (17 December 2013). "heidi.com ouvre sa "boutique du futur" à Neuchâtel" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141217142613/http://www.femina.ch/mode/news-mode/heidicom-ouvre-sa-%C2%ABboutique-du-futur%C2%BB-a-neuchatel) . Femina.ch . Archived from the original (http://www.femina.ch/mode/news-mode/heidicom-ouvre-sa-%C2%ABboutique-du-futur%C2%BB-a-neuchatel) on 17 December 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Jorge S.B. Guerreiro (23 September 2013). "La marque suisse Heidi.com s'unit à Samsung et à l'architecte Zaha Hadid" (http://www.bilan.ch/jorge-s-b-guerreiro/les-essentiels-de-jsbg/la-marque-suisse-heidicom-sunit-samsung-et-larchitecte) . Bilan.ch . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Project" (http://www.retailoftomorrow.com/project.php) . Retail of Tomorrow . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Rian Boden (21 November 2013). "Fashion retailer Heidi.com to personalize shopping in flagship store with NFC" (http://www.nfcworld.com/2013/11/21/327003/fashion-retailer-heidi-com-personalize-shopping-flagship-store-nfc/) . nfcworld . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Jeroen van Rooijen (14 November 2014). "Fashion? It's show-business!" (http://www.nzz.ch/lebensart/stil/fashion-its-show-business-1.18425104) . Neue Zürcher Zeitung (/wiki/Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Bastian Baker et la marque neuchâteloise Heidi.com s'unissent" (http://www.arcinfo.ch/fr/regions/neuchatel-et-littoral/bastian-baker-et-la-marque-neuchateloise-heidicom-s-unissent-557-1372734) . Arcinfo . 13 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Cathrine Killé Elsig (2012-03-03). "L'esquimau quitte son igloo" (http://www.streetwear.ch/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/NOUVELLISTE-mars2012-esquimau.pdf) (PDF) . Le Nouvelliste (/wiki/Le_Nouvelliste_(Valais)) (in French). p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Heidi.com squatte les élections" (http://www.20min.ch/ro/news/economie/story/16302955) . 30 September 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Pictures of the heidi's cab Nendaz Switzerland" (http://www.streetwear.ch/guerrilla/swiss-alps-station-nendaz-switzerland-ski-win.html) . 15 February 2008. 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Italian department store chain This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Brian_%26_Barry&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Brian+%26%2338%3B+Barry&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Brian+%26%2338%3B+Barry) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Brian_%26_Barry) for suggestions. ( May 2016 ) Brian & Barry Company type Private company Industry Retail Founded 1985 ; 39 years ago ( 1985 ) Headquarters Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy Key people Sandro De Bruno Products Clothing, footwear, jewelry, beauty products, design products and food. Owner Carlo Zaccardi Claudio Zaccardi Roberto Zaccardi Website brianebarry.it (http://www.brianebarry.it/) Brian & Barry is an Italian department store (/wiki/Department_store) chain, which operates the flagship store and corporate headquarters near Piazza San Babila (/wiki/Piazza_San_Babila) , central Milan (/wiki/Milan) . Brands sold include a number of high-end labels as well as Brian & Barry private label merchandise. History [ edit ] In 1924, Pietro Zaccardi and his wife Maria opened a boutique in Monza (/wiki/Monza) . Ermanno Zaccardi, the Piero's son, became a manager and in 70s created the Happening group. In 1985, the family opened the first Brian & Barry store. In 2003, Carlo, Claudio and Roberto Zaccardi, the Ermanno's sons, have bought the Boggi brand for €13.2 million. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2010s the group has bought a 12-storey historical palace in central Milan (/wiki/Milan) , designed by Italian architect Giovanni Muzio (/wiki/Giovanni_Muzio) , with an investment of €70 million. In March 2014, the flagship store Brian & Barry Building – San Babila was opened. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Flagship and regional stores [ edit ] Alba (/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont) Brian & Barry Alba, 15 Via Vittorio Emanuele Milan (/wiki/Milan) The Brian & Barry Building – San Babila, 28 Via Durini (70,000 square feet – opened 2014) – which include an Eataly (/wiki/Eataly) corner Brian & Barry Milano Vercelli, 23 Corso Vercelli Monza (/wiki/Monza) Brian & Barry Monza Donna, 36 Via Italia Brian & Barry Monza Uomo, 38 Via Italia Seregno (/wiki/Seregno) Brian & Barry Seregno, 74 Corso del Popolo Varese (/wiki/Varese) Brian & Barry Varese, 4 Piazza Montegrappa The group said that plans to opens new stores in Asia, as well as New York City or London. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) See also [ edit ] Golden Quadrangle Fashion District (/wiki/Quadrilatero_della_Moda) La Rinascente (/wiki/La_Rinascente) Coin (/wiki/Coin_(department_store)) References [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Dalla bottega con due vetrine all' "impero" Boggi" (http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2003/febbraio/22/Dalla_bottega_con_due_vetrine_co_7_0302222198.shtml) . Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) . 2 February 2003 . Retrieved 22 February 2003 . ^ Jump up to: a b "A San Babila apre Brian&Barry: 12 piani tra moda, cosmetica e buon cibo" (http://www.ilgiorno.it/milano/cronaca/2014/03/20/1041834-brian-barry-sanbabila.shtml) . Il Giorno . 20 March 2014 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brian & Barry (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brian_%26_Barry) . 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Derisive term for an intern who dresses unprofessionally In American workplaces, " skintern " is an informal term for a summer intern (/wiki/Internship#United_States) , usually female, who dresses in clothing more revealing than that which is common for the field in question. [1] (#cite_note-KC_star_piece-1) [2] (#cite_note-Slate-2) The term is a portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) of skin and intern . It was first widely used about such interns working in offices of members of the U.S. House of Representatives (/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives) in Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) around the mid-2000s; [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) Advice columnist Julia Allison claims it was used in that sense as early as 2000. [4] (#cite_note-Julia_Allison_blog_post-4) Since then, it has spread to other industries outside government and politics that also employ summer interns. [5] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_story-5) The phenomenon is sometimes a deliberate sartorial strategy, but more often is believed to result from ignorance of accepted professional dress standards (/wiki/Informal_attire#Usage_in_the_workplace) . [6] (#cite_note-ABC_News_story-6) Older women in the offices where those interns work have often responded by advising them on how to dress more appropriately. [2] (#cite_note-Slate-2) Some feminists (/wiki/Feminism) , however, have seen the term as yet another symptom of inherent sexism (/wiki/Sexism) in the workplace, since it is so widely applied. [7] (#cite_note-Feministing_post-7) History [ edit ] In the mid-2000s, Washington-area media began reporting [8] (#cite_note-FCP_story-8) [9] (#cite_note-Washington_Times_article-9) that the congressional staffers who manage the intern programs in the United States House of Representatives (/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives) complained that while most of the young women showed up for work in the same conservative professional attire (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Usage_in_the_workplace) that the staffers and members did, some chose more revealing clothing. Chad Pegram, a coordinator of Miami University (/wiki/Miami_University) 's intern program, recalls that when he took a group to lunch with one member of the state's congressional delegation, one young woman stood out by wearing "a skirt that was way too short" and flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) . "It reflected badly on her because everyone else looked great," he recalled. "She embarrassed herself." [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) [6] (#cite_note-ABC_News_story-6) Other staffers, many of whom themselves began their careers as interns, reported later that they had seen young women come in for internships wearing "gold stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heels) , thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) [and] belly shirts (/wiki/Crop_top) " in addition to short skirts. Most male staffers did not mind, but female staffers, even those just a few years older, were often resentful and offended. The scandal in which White House (/wiki/White_House) intern Monica Lewinsky (/wiki/Monica_Lewinsky) 's sexual affair with President Bill Clinton (/wiki/Bill_Clinton) had led to his impeachment (/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton) was fresh in institutional memory (/wiki/Institutional_memory) , and some staffers and journalists wondered if the skimpily dressed young female interns were trying to emulate her. [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) [6] (#cite_note-ABC_News_story-6) In 2004, Jessica Cutler (/wiki/Jessica_Cutler) , a staffer for Ohio Senator Mike DeWine (/wiki/Mike_DeWine) , wrote for a while a blog in which she detailed an active sex life with a variety of men she met through her work, which did little to dispel that idea. [8] (#cite_note-FCP_story-8) In June 2005, as another group of summer interns began their weeks on Capitol Hill (/wiki/Capitol_Hill) , Betsy Rothstein wrote an article about the phenomenon for The Hill (/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)) . "We were talking about this at dinner the other night, about how some interns show up in some of the skimpiest clothing," she quoted an unnamed female press secretary (/wiki/Press_secretary) as recalling. "One of the boys called them skinterns, which I thought was hilarious." [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) Another term came from an unidentified "female Republican (/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)) aide," who claimed she kept and shared a list of "daily offenses" such as young women wearing metallic shoes and handbags as well as wifebeaters (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt#A-shirt) . "If you are going to wear stilettos or heels, no complaining about how they hurt. Interns need to learn to walk in them." She continued "My favorite term is the Saturday-night intern, one who always dresses like it is a Saturday night. They are all over." [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) When the Washington Times (/wiki/Washington_Times) covered the phenomenon a year later, it used the shorter term. "They're known as 'skinterns,'" the paper wrote. "Those who think 'belly shirts' are career wear. If the devil wears Prada (/wiki/The_Devil_Wears_Prada_(film)) , the skinterns wear nada (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nada) . As if Washington wasn't sweltering enough." It reported that the popular political blog Wonkette (/wiki/Wonkette) had started a "Hill Intern Hotties Contest" for both male and female interns. The article implied that the phenomenon was no longer restricted to just congressional offices but had migrated, like many former members of Congress, to lobbying firms on K Street (/wiki/K_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)) , where the same standards of dress often obtain. [9] (#cite_note-Washington_Times_article-9) Four years later, in 2010, The Baltimore Sun (/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun) reported that private employers in its coverage area (/wiki/Metropolitan_Baltimore) were dealing with skinterns. "Booty shorts. Thigh-grazing dresses. Flip-flops. Ripped jeans. Cleavage (/wiki/Cleavage_(breasts)) -baring tops. See-through skirts. Forgotten bras. Employers have seen it all—and wish they hadn't." Missy Martin, vice president of human resources (/wiki/Human_resources) at Ripken Baseball (/wiki/Cal_Ripken_Jr.#Business_ventures) , told the Sun that interns were "showing up to work in bar clothes. Short skirts, tank tops and cleavage showing. It's like, 'Kids, do you realize you're not supposed to be dressed like you're going out to drink in Canton (/wiki/Canton,_Baltimore) ?'" [5] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_story-5) By the middle of the next decade, the skintern phenomenon was no longer limited to Capitol Hill. Articles advising interns on how to dress appeared on popular websites in June, when most internships start. " ... [B]efore long, the annual summer parade of skinterns will begin," wrote Katherine Goldstein, editor of Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) s website, dropping the scare quotes (/wiki/Scare_quote) in a 2013 Slate (/wiki/Slate_(website)) piece advising young women on how to dress in offices. At her former employer, she recalled, "[e]very June there would be a new batch, just as clueless about appropriate office attire as those from the year before. Think dresses so clingy they leave nothing to the imagination, tops worn without a bra and tied together with string, daisy dukes (/wiki/Shorts#Styles) , sheer harem pants (/wiki/Harem_pants) , and cleavage straight out of a men's magazine." [2] (#cite_note-Slate-2) The following year the Kansas City Star (/wiki/Kansas_City_Star) ran a similar piece. [1] (#cite_note-KC_star_piece-1) A 2012 blog post by GlobaLinks Abroad suggested the phenomenon had spread overseas as well. For the organization, Monika Lutz advised young women headed for internships abroad to eschew " spaghetti straps (/wiki/Spaghetti_strap) , cleavage, short skirts, backless outfits or any combination of the above" if they did not want to be remembered as skinterns. "But men are not excluded from the fashion police's searchlight," she added. "They can be seen sporting hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , flip flops, super baggy cargo pants (/wiki/Cargo_pants) , or some fresh-off-the-court sneakers, just to cite the most common occurrences." [10] (#cite_note-ISA_blog_post-10) Similarly, in a 2013 piece giving dressing advice to interns in the Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) , fashion journalist (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) Lauren Rothman, while generally focused on issues specific to women, reminds those heading for Silicon Valley (/wiki/Silicon_Valley) to "leave the hoodies and sweats to those who have already made their millions." [11] (#cite_note-Huffington_Post-11) By 2014, flip-flops had mostly become accepted summer footwear in Washington offices. On some issues, sartorial choices of skinterns became accepted for all Hill staffers. In 2014, the Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) reported that flip-flops had become so common in congressional office buildings during summers as to cause a noise problem for some present when the women wearing them reported for work in the morning. "It sounds like the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse) ," complained Abra Belke, a former staffer and lobbyist who by then was writing Capitol Hill Style, a fashion blog. "Interns and junior staffers are just clomping down the hall in their $5 Old Navy (/wiki/Old_Navy) flip-flops." [12] (#cite_note-Washington_Post_2014_story-12) Causes [ edit ] Some observers think at that least some of the young women whose choices of clothing get them labeled as skinterns are doing so deliberately, in order to stand out from more conservatively dressed colleagues. "Maybe if you can get noticed, you might get a full-time position," Wonkette (/wiki/Wonkette) editor Alex Pareene (/wiki/Alex_Pareene) told ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) in 2006. Nicole Williams, who coaches women entering the workforce, agrees that in some cases the skintern look is exactly what the wearer intends. "You've got the summer to prove 'I can work here' or 'I can't work here,' so to get noticed, why not?" one intern told Good Morning America (/wiki/Good_Morning_America) . [6] (#cite_note-ABC_News_story-6) It has also been suggested that most misattired interns, male or female, are not familiar with professional dress standards (/wiki/Informal_attire#Usage_in_the_workplace) , especially in an era of more relaxed standards such as those embodied by business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) . [5] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_story-5) One intern who said she was from Washington state (/wiki/Washington_(state)) told the Washington Times (/wiki/Washington_Times) in 2006 that her friends at home were stunned to hear that she was not allowed to wear jeans (/wiki/Jeans) at her internship in the capital. [9] (#cite_note-Washington_Times_article-9) They may also misunderstand what is meant by vague instructions on how to dress. Carol Vellucci, director of the Career Center at the University of Baltimore (/wiki/University_of_Baltimore) , told The Baltimore Sun that many students seem to her to think that "dressing up" means wearing outfits they would typically wear to a nightclub (/wiki/Nightclub) or bar. "It seems to be something that especially younger students aren't quite getting," she said. [5] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_story-5) Interns may also not have the kind of established wardrobe one would expect from an older adult. "These are young men and women, and they can’t be expected to be decked out in Brooks Brothers (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) ," Anthony Weiner (/wiki/Anthony_Weiner) , then a congressman from New York, told The Hill (/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)) in its 2005 story. When he himself had interned for Charles Schumer (/wiki/Charles_Schumer) in the House during the 1970s, he recalled that he owned one suit at the time, wearing it to the office every day but with a different shirt and tie. [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) Responses [ edit ] When the word first started appearing in Congress, many staffers were cautious about counseling the skinterns in their midst on proper dress. "You have to be respectful because chances are they are a donor's kid or a friend of the lawmaker," one male staffer told Rothstein about dealing with interns in general Instead, they often used indirect means, such as marginalization (/wiki/Social_exclusion) . "We had a [recent] intern who we just called Belly. She walked around with a belly shirt on one time too many, and she did get into trouble. Nobody gave her work to do," recalled the press secretary who had shared the coinage of the term with Rothstein. In 2011, Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) reporter Jenna Johnson shared some anecdotes about the "less-than-subtle" tactics some offices had used, such as one office where the offending intern was asked not to be in the intern class's group photo for the member's website. [13] (#cite_note-Washington_Post_2011_blog_post-13) Sometimes more direct pressure has been used. In another incident, a young woman in overly transparent capris (/wiki/Capri_pants) was made to stay seated at a desk until the congressman's wife had left the office for the day. [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) Johnson wrote of an intern being given a tie and told to put it on. In another case the other interns staged an " intervention (/wiki/Intervention_(counseling)) " during the local bar's happy hour (/wiki/Happy_hour) after the workday. [13] (#cite_note-Washington_Post_2011_blog_post-13) In the wake of media attention to the phenomenon, many members of Congress began instituting stricter dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) for staffers and interns. "They should dress professional, and we demand that," a spokesman for Florida (/wiki/Florida) Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart (/wiki/Lincoln_Diaz-Balart) told Rothstein. "They shouldn't dress like they're working a corner. You shouldn't be dressing like Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) ." [3] (#cite_note-Hill_2005_cite-3) A year later, Rothstein told the Washington Times (/wiki/Washington_Times) the stricter attention to interns' dress was having the desired effect. "I really think the interns are getting smarter because of these programs," she said. "They're coming from college. They don't have the thought process. They're learning they can't dress like that." [9] (#cite_note-Washington_Times_article-9) Colleges have also been trying to prepare interns ahead of time. At the University of Baltimore, Vellucci teaches a course on "Personal and Professional Skills for Business" which is a requisite for business majors (/wiki/Major_(academic)) , The Baltimore Sun reported. Outside the city, Towson University (/wiki/Towson_University) 's business school stages a "Dress Smart" program in which students themselves model attire of varying degrees of propriety. [5] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_story-5) In 2014, The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) reported that KPMG (/wiki/KPMG) staged a fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) for its interns at the beginning of every summer. At a hotel in Orlando (/wiki/Orlando,_Florida) , the accounting firm's recruiters (/wiki/Recruitment) modeled acceptable outfits from stores such as The Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) , complemented by slide presentations on acceptable and unacceptable attire in the office. The 1,200 interns in attendance also received $200 gift cards (/wiki/Gift_card) to Men's Wearhouse (/wiki/Men%27s_Wearhouse) and (for women) Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic) , as well as a free silk tie and piece of jewelry respectively. The company's recruiting director admitted that the show and gifts were prompted by some past interns dressing "not in a way that we would have preferred". [14] (#cite_note-WSJ_KPMG_fashion_show-14) Criticism [ edit ] "I wince every time I hear the term 'skintern'", a pseudonymous female intern complained in a 2010 post on the Feministing (/wiki/Feministing) blog. Why, she asked, were male interns who dressed inappropriately merely labeled "sloppy", while young women who did were sexualized? "'Slutty' has a very different and much more harmful repercussion for an intern's career than 'sloppy,'" she noted. "As a result, I am sometimes paralyzed in the mornings, worried that that my sweater seat is too tight or my button down is too low cut. I know that just by being a young female intern, I could be considered a 'skintern' regardless of my dress; and, my male co-workers will never worry about being reduced to a 'skintern.'" [7] (#cite_note-Feministing_post-7) She also felt that it needlessly divided women who should be working together: Furthermore, labeling someone a "skintern" or "that girl" pits aspiring young professional women against each other. Instead of focusing on how to improve our skills and abilities, we focus on how "trashy" she looks and how much "better" we look. In order for us to not be "that girl," some other "skintern" must be there. As Gloria Steinem (/wiki/Gloria_Steinem) famously said, "all women are Bunnies (/wiki/Playboy_Bunny) ," every young woman on the Hill is a "skintern." [7] (#cite_note-Feministing_post-7) Fashion website The Gloss (/wiki/Defy_Media#Brands) defended the skintern style in response to Goldstein's 2013 Slate (/wiki/Slate_(website)) piece. "Surely, I am not the only person who thinks that a 'skintern' sounds like a member of a really cool club," wrote Jennifer Wright. "Skinterns fear nothing. They are truly alive. The air rushes upon their skin whenever someone walks by their cubicle (/wiki/Cubicle) , but they're not chilly, they're fine ... Who would not want to be a skintern!?" [15] (#cite_note-The_Gloss_post-15) Another response to Goldstein's piece took the opposite view. Elissa Strauss asked if Goldstein's sartorial advice was sexist (/wiki/Sexism) in a post for "The Sisterhood", The Jewish Daily Forward (/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward) ' s blog on women's issues. At first, she granted, it might seem so: "this is set of codes and rules that only apply to young women, or more specifically, their bodies. It told them that some parts of their bodies are considered vulgar and that wearing a pair of high platform heels (/wiki/Platform_heels) might give others the wrong idea about their, well, purity. It is putting the responsibility on them to cover up, instead of on men to stop gawking (/wiki/Gawking) ." [16] (#cite_note-Forward_blog_post-16) "I see the logic here," Strauss admitted, recalling how self-conscious she had felt during puberty (/wiki/Puberty) as her body started to change, a feeling she did not see shared by any of the young men she knew. "But with all this said, I think there is still a conversation to be had with young women on how to dress, especially in a time when fashion seems almost uniformly inspired by Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) in Pretty Woman (/wiki/Pretty_Woman_(film)) . "I choose-my-choice" feminism sometimes leads women to empowerment, and other times leads them to choose "choices" from a patriarchal (/wiki/Patriarchy) or, worse, misogynist culture." [16] (#cite_note-Forward_blog_post-16) A young female intern wearing a miniskirt and very high heels "might be able to convince herself that these fashion choices are truly her own," Strauss wrote. "More likely, she has absorbed the many ways in which porn and strip-club (/wiki/Strip_club) culture have infiltrated mainstream culture—and what she takes for empowerment is really rooted in the commodification and degradation of female sexuality. Somebody needs to tell her this. They also need to tell her that it is way easier to walk in flats." [16] (#cite_note-Forward_blog_post-16) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Feminism portal (/wiki/Portal:Feminism) Linguistics portal (/wiki/Portal:Linguistics) Dress for Success (/wiki/Dress_for_Success_(book)) , 1970s bestseller about ideal attire in a professional setting References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Stafford, Diane (June 1, 2014). "Summer often means casual work attire, but don't be a flip-flopper or a 'skintern' (http://www.kansascity.com/news/business/workplace/article446540/Summer-often-means-casual-work-attire-but-don%E2%80%99t-be-a-flip-flopper-or-a-%E2%80%98skintern%E2%80%99.html) " (http://www.kansascity.com/news/business/workplace/article446540/Summer-often-means-casual-work-attire-but-don%E2%80%99t-be-a-flip-flopper-or-a-%E2%80%98skintern%E2%80%99.html) . The Kansas City Star (/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star) . Retrieved June 8, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Goldstein, Katherine (May 14, 2013). "Don't Be a Skintern. What Not to Wear to Your Summer Internship" (http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2013/05/14/skinterns_and_summer_internships_how_to_dress_appropriately_for_the_office.html) . Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) . Retrieved June 8, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Rothstein, Betsy (June 22, 2005). "The bad rap of Capitol Hill interns" (https://thehill.com/capital-living/20658-the-bad-rap-of-capitol-hill-interns/) . The Hill (/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)) . Retrieved June 8, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Julia_Allison_blog_post_4-0) Allison, Julia (/wiki/Julia_Allison) (September 26, 2006). "Internizing—Like Womanizing. But Younger" (http://blog.juliaallison.com/2006/09/dc_interns.html) . Juliaallison.com . Retrieved August 23, 2015 . The term 'skinterns' has been around for years – they were using that back when I was working on the Hill in 2000-2001. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rosen, Jill (July 12, 2010). "From booty shorts to belly shirts, some intern fashions make companies cringe" (http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-07-12/news/bs-ae-interns-fashion-20100712_1_shorts-professionalism-skirts) . The Baltimore Sun (/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun) . Retrieved June 8, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Canning, Andrea (August 12, 2006). "Skinterns: Shedding Clothes in Hopes of Landing a Job" (https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/CareerManagement/story?id=2247649) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . Retrieved June 8, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "All Young Women on Capitol Hill Are 'Skinterns' (http://feministing.com/2010/02/26/all-young-woman-on-capitol-hill-are-skinterns/) " (http://feministing.com/2010/02/26/all-young-woman-on-capitol-hill-are-skinterns/) . Feministing (/wiki/Feministing) . February 26, 2010 . Retrieved June 8, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hume, Mike (August 10–16, 2006). "DC Interns Are Hot and Everyone Wants a Piece of Them" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120614114732/http://www.fcnp.com/623/interns.htm) . Falls Church News-Press (/wiki/Falls_Church_News-Press) . Falls Church, VA (/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia) . Archived from the original (http://fcnp.com/623/interns.htm) on June 14, 2012 . Retrieved August 23, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Showing off a bit of skin" (http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/jul/5/20060705-020537-1374r/?page=all) . Washington Times (/wiki/Washington_Times) . July 5, 2006 . Retrieved June 8, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-ISA_blog_post_10-0) Lutz, Monika (June 22, 2012). "Avoiding the Skin-tern, and other Professional Fashion Crimes" (http://gointernabroad-blog.com/2012/06/22/from-the-interns-desk-avoiding-the-skin-tern-and-other-professional-fashion-crimes/) . GlobaLinksAbroad . Retrieved June 9, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Huffington_Post_11-0) Rothman, Lauren (September 1, 2013). "Fashion Whip: 10 Ways to Avoid Becoming a Summer Skintern at Work!" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lauren-a-rothman/fashion-whip-10-ways-to-a_b_3529585.html) . Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) . Retrieved June 9, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Washington_Post_2014_story_12-0) Yeager, Holly (May 25, 2014). "It's summer in Washington. Don't put your best flip-flop forward" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/its-summer-in-washington-dont-put-your-best-flip-flop-forward/2014/05/25/afd357e0-e1fa-11e3-9743-bb9b59cde7b9_story.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Retrieved June 10, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Johnson, Jenna (June 28, 2011). "#THATintern: The 'What dress code?' intern" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/campus-overload/post/thatintern-the-what-dress-code-intern/2011/06/28/AGmOG7oH_blog.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Retrieved June 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-WSJ_KPMG_fashion_show_14-0) Korn, Melissa (June 18, 2014). "Where Interns Learn How to Dress" (https://blogs.wsj.com/atwork/2014/06/18/what-interns-should-wear-to-work/) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . Retrieved August 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Gloss_post_15-0) Wright, Jennifer (May 15, 2013). "How To Dress Like A "Skintern" (http://www.thegloss.com/2013/05/15/fashion/how-to-dress-like-a-skintern/) " (http://www.thegloss.com/2013/05/15/fashion/how-to-dress-like-a-skintern/) . The Gloss (/wiki/Defy_Media#Brands) . Retrieved June 10, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Strauss, Elissa (May 18, 2013). "Is Fashion Advice for Female Interns Sexist?" (http://forward.com/sisterhood/176867/is-fashion-advice-for-female-interns-sexist/) . The Jewish Daily Forward (/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward) . Retrieved June 10, 2015 . External links [ edit ] Look up skintern (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/skintern) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. "examples of skintern dressing habits" (https://i.pinimg.com/originals/23/5b/8c/235b8c96a6197588c7b9240fb720745a.jpg) . Pinterest . 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Italian tailoring company Boglioli Industry Fashion Founded 1974 ; 50 years ago ( 1974 ) [1] (#cite_note-gq-1) Headquarters Gambara (/wiki/Gambara) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Owner Phi Industrial Acquisitions (/w/index.php?title=Phi_Industrial_Acquisitions&action=edit&redlink=1) Number of employees 200 Website www (https://www.bogliolimilano.com/) .bogliolimilano (https://www.bogliolimilano.com/) .com (https://www.bogliolimilano.com/) Boglioli is a tailoring company originally based in the Italian town of Gambara (/wiki/Gambara) , Brescia (/wiki/Brescia) . The showroom is in Via Tortona 31 in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Its signature item of menswear (/wiki/Menswear) is garment-dyed jackets. [1] (#cite_note-gq-1) The president and CEO of the company is Francesco Russo. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) History [ edit ] Boglioli was founded in 1974 as a family-run Italian business, established by Mario Boglioli along with his brother Stefano. In 1987, the brand presented its first collection during Pitti Uomo (/wiki/Pitti_Uomo) . In the early 1990s, little brother Pierluigi Boglioli joined the family business and introduced the brand's signature jacket, [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) a deconstructed cashmere jacket with a vintage feel, characterised by its washed-out colors obtained through the garment-dying process, in which the dye is added to the garment only after it has been stitched, a completely innovative and unique method unseen before in the industry. [5] (#cite_note-5) The success in the Italian market pushed Boglioli to expand worldwide to such countries as the United States, Canada, Japan, and Russia. In 2013, Pierluigi and Mario Boglioli sold Boglioli to a private equity (/wiki/Private_equity) group. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) During the 2010s, Boglioli expanded from tailoring to global fashion and branding, and hired Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) 's former head of tailoring to operate this shift. [6] (#cite_note-6) Boglioli opened its first retail store on Via San Pietro all’Orto (/wiki/Via_San_Pietro_all%27Orto,_Milan) in Milan in 2014, then one on Bond Street (/wiki/Bond_Street_(Manhattan)) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in 2016. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [7] (#cite_note-7) Boglioli was the official style partner of the soccer team A.C. Milan (/wiki/A.C._Milan) during the 2019/2020 season. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2022, Boglioli launched its line of womenswear. [9] (#cite_note-9) See also [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) Made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hotchkiss, Sean (10 January 2012). "The Unstructured Life: A Q&A With the Boglioli Brothers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120127203536/https://www.gq.com/style/blogs/the-gq-eye/2012/01/the-unstructured-life-a-qa-with-the-brothers-boglioli.html) . GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Archived from the original (https://www.gq.com/style/blogs/the-gq-eye/2012/01/the-unstructured-life-a-qa-with-the-brothers-boglioli.html) on 2012-01-27 . Retrieved 14 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Official site Boglioli Corporate info page (https://www.bogliolimilano.com/us_en/corporate-info-page) ^ Jump up to: a b Palmieri, Jean E. (2016-07-28). "Boglioli Opens First U.S. Store in New York" (https://wwd.com/menswear-news/mens-designer-luxury/boglioli-first-u-s-store-new-york-giovanni-mannucci10498218-10498218/) . WWD . Retrieved 2022-08-20 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Get to Know One of the Best New Brands at Pitti Uomo" (https://www.gq.com/story/the-gigi-boglioli-brothers-pitti-uomo) . GQ . 2017-06-15 . Retrieved 2022-08-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "K-Jackets Boglioli® | Discover the Iconic Unstructured Design" (https://www.bogliolimilano.com/nl/en/k-jacket/) . WWW.BOGLIOLIMILANO.COM . Retrieved 2024-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Meet Gucci's Former Head of Tailoring Who's Now Revamping Boglioli" (https://www.gq.com/story/boglioli-davide-marello-interview) . GQ . 2016-08-25 . Retrieved 2022-08-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Anyanwu, Obi (2016-08-02). "Boglioli opens first US store in New York City" (https://pl.fashionnetwork.com/news/boglioli-opens-first-us-store-in-new-york-city,719344.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2024-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Milan, Boglioli nuovo style partner: accordo annuale" (https://www.calcioefinanza.it/2019/07/06/partnership-milan-boglioli/) . Calcio e Finanza (in Italian). 2019-07-06 . Retrieved 2022-08-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "MMD: Boglioli lancia la collezione donna in collaborazione con Viviana Volpicella" (https://montenapodaily.com/2022/02/25/mmd-boglioli-lancia-la-collezione-donna-in-collaborazione-con-viviana-volpicella/) . Montenapo Daily (in Italian). 2022-02-25 . Retrieved 2022-08-20 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.bogliolimilano.com/) This Italian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boglioli&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Japanese actress and model Not to be confused with Mizuki Yamashita (/wiki/Mizuki_Yamashita) . Mizuki Yamamoto 山本 美月 Born ( 1991-07-18 ) 18 July 1991 (age 33) Fukuoka (/wiki/Fukuoka) , Japan Nationality Japanese Alma mater Meiji University (/wiki/Meiji_University) Occupations Actress model Years active 2009–present Agent Incent Known for The Kirishima Thing (/wiki/The_Kirishima_Thing) Black Butler (/wiki/Black_Butler_(film)) Height 1.67 m (5 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Spouse Kōji Seto (/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Seto) ( m. 2020) Children 1 Website Agency profile (http://www.incent.jp/incent/talent/yamamoto/index.html) Mizuki Yamamoto ( 山本 美月 , Yamamoto Mizuki , born July 18, 1991) is a Japanese actress and model. [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Yamamoto was born in Fukuoka Prefecture (/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture) . She started her career as an exclusive model for the women's fashion magazine CanCam (/wiki/CanCam) in 2009. Two years later, she made her acting debut in the Fuji TV (/wiki/Fuji_Television) drama Shiawase ni Narōyo . [2] (#cite_note-dramadebut-2) She also appears in various television commercials. In 2011, she was chosen as the image character for Samantha Thavasa (/wiki/Samantha_Thavasa) . [3] (#cite_note-3) On August 11, 2012, she made her film debut playing Kirishima's girlfriend in The Kirishima Thing (/wiki/The_Kirishima_Thing) . [4] (#cite_note-4) From 2012 to 2014, she hosted the NTV (/wiki/Nippon_Television) 's variety show Woman on the Planet . [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2014, she graduated from Meiji University (/wiki/Meiji_University) where she studied life science. [6] (#cite_note-6) Personal life [ edit ] On 7 August 2020, Yamamoto married her costar in TV dramas Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain (/wiki/Hope:_Kitai_Zero_no_Shinnyu_Shain) and Perfect World , Kōji Seto (/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Seto) . [7] (#cite_note-7) On 29 January 2022, Yamamoto announced her pregnancy. [8] (#cite_note-8) On 16 May 2023, she gave birth to their first child. [9] (#cite_note-9) Appearances [ edit ] TV dramas [ edit ] Shiawase ni Narōyo Episode 6-7 ( Fuji TV (/wiki/Fuji_Television) , 2011), Emi Kirishima [2] (#cite_note-dramadebut-2) The Quiz ( NTV (/wiki/Nippon_Television) , 2012), Hitomi Arisato [10] (#cite_note-10) Doctor X: Gekai Daimon Michiko ( TV Asahi (/wiki/TV_Asahi) , 2012), Rie Koike [11] (#cite_note-11) Piece – Kanojo no Kioku (/wiki/Piece_%E2%80%93_Kanojo_no_Kioku) Episode 10-11 (NTV, 2012), Kumi [12] (#cite_note-12) Summer Nude (/wiki/Summer_Nude) (Fuji TV, 2013), Aoi Horikiri [13] (#cite_note-13) Andō Lloyd: A.I. knows Love? (/wiki/And%C5%8D_Lloyd:_A.I._knows_Love%3F) ( TBS (/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System_Television) , 2013), Kaoru Kuriyama Boku no Ita Jikan (Fuji TV, 2014), Hina Murayama [14] (#cite_note-14) Aoi Honō (/wiki/Aoi_Hon%C5%8D) ( TV Tokyo (/wiki/TV_Tokyo) , 2014), Tonko Morinaga [15] (#cite_note-15) Oyaji no Senaka Episode 2 (TBS, 2014), Arisa Takajō [16] (#cite_note-16) Hell Teacher Nūbē (/wiki/Hell_Teacher_N%C5%ABb%C4%93) (NTV, 2014), Izuna Hazuki [17] (#cite_note-17) 64 ( NHK (/wiki/NHK) , 2015), Shiori Mikumo [18] (#cite_note-18) Koinaka (/wiki/Koinaka) (Fuji TV, 2015), Mirei Tominaga [19] (#cite_note-19) Rinshō Hanzai Gakusha Himura Hideo no Suiri (NTV, 2016), Akemi Kijima [20] (#cite_note-20) Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain (/wiki/Hope:_Kitai_Zero_no_Shinnyu_Shain) (Fuji TV, 2016), Akane Katsuki [21] (#cite_note-21) Uso no Sensou (Fuji TV, 2017), Kaede Nishina Detective Yugami (Fuji TV, 2017), Hizumi [22] (#cite_note-22) The Midnight Supercar (NHK, 2018), Shirayuki [23] (#cite_note-23) The Count of Monte-Cristo: Great Revenge (Fuji TV, 2018), Sumire Meguro [24] (#cite_note-24) Kono Manga ga Sugoi! (TV Tokyo, 2018), Utena Tenjou [25] (#cite_note-25) Idaten (/wiki/Idaten_(TV_series)) (NHK, 2019), Honjō [26] (#cite_note-26) Les Misérables: Owarinaki Tabiji (Fuji TV, 2019), Yui Fuwa [27] (#cite_note-27) The Lone Scalpel (/wiki/The_Lone_Scalpel) ( WOWOW (/wiki/Wowow) , 2019), Shoko Okawa [28] (#cite_note-28) Perfect World (Fuji TV, 2019), Tsugumi Kawana [29] (#cite_note-29) Films [ edit ] The Kirishima Thing (/wiki/The_Kirishima_Thing) (2012), Risa Īda [30] (#cite_note-30) Zekkyō Gakkyū (/wiki/Zekky%C5%8D_Gakky%C5%AB) (2013), Yomi [31] (#cite_note-31) Daily Lives of High School Boys (/wiki/Daily_Lives_of_High_School_Boys) (2013), Yanagin [32] (#cite_note-32) Hunter × Hunter: The Last Mission (/wiki/Hunter_%C3%97_Hunter:_The_Last_Mission) (2013), Rengoku [33] (#cite_note-33) Black Butler (/wiki/Black_Butler_(film)) (2014), Rin [34] (#cite_note-34) Tokyo Nanmin (2014), Rui Kawabe [35] (#cite_note-35) Jossy's (/wiki/Joshi_Zu) (2014), Sumire Konno/Navy [36] (#cite_note-36) Close Range Love (/wiki/Close_Range_Love_(film)) (2014), Kikuko Nanami [37] (#cite_note-37) Onodera no Otouto, Onodera no Ane (2014), Kaoru Okano [38] (#cite_note-38) Pikachu to Pokémon Ongakutai (2015), narrator [39] (#cite_note-39) Tokyo PR Woman (2015), Rena Misaki [40] (#cite_note-40) I am a Monk (2015), Kyoko Ochi [41] (#cite_note-41) Sadako vs. Kayako (/wiki/Sadako_vs._Kayako) (2016), Yūri Kurahashi/Sadakaya [42] (#cite_note-42) Night's Tightrope (/wiki/Night%27s_Tightrope) (2016), Atsuko Kusano [43] (#cite_note-43) Peach Girl (/wiki/Peach_Girl_(2017_film)) (2017), Momo Adachi Last Winter, We Parted (/wiki/Last_Winter,_We_Parted_(film)) (2018), Yuriko Matsuda My Friend "A" (2018), Kiyomi Sugimoto Hugtto! Pretty Cure Futari wa Pretty Cure: All Stars Memories (2018), Reporter (voice) [44] (#cite_note-44) The Fable (/wiki/The_Fable) (2019), Misaki [45] (#cite_note-Fable-45) Threads: Our Tapestry of Love (2020), Reiko Takagi The Untold Tale of the Three Kingdoms (/wiki/The_Untold_Tale_of_the_Three_Kingdoms) (2020), Younger Qiao (/wiki/Younger_Qiao) The Fable: The Killer Who Doesn't Kill (2021), Misaki [45] (#cite_note-Fable-45) Immersion (2023), Tamaki Sonoda [46] (#cite_note-46) Once Upon a Crime (2023) [47] (#cite_note-47) Saint Young Men: The Movie (/wiki/Saint_Young_Men#Live-action) (2024), Mara's oldest daughter [48] (#cite_note-48) Web dramas [ edit ] Kyō Kara Hitman (/wiki/Ky%C5%8D_Kara_Hitman) (dTV, 2014), Chinatsu [49] (#cite_note-49) Uchū no Shigoto (Amazon prime, 2016), Alien Somiaru Tokyo Alice (/wiki/Tokyo_Alice) (Amazon prime, 2017), Fuu Arisugawa [50] (#cite_note-50) Gintama 2: Yonimo Kimyou na Gintama-chan (dTV, 2018), Maetel [51] (#cite_note-51) 星 から 来 た あなた My Love from the Stars (Amazon Original, KyodoTV 2022) Stage [ edit ] Kaidan Nise Sara Yashiki ( Aoyama Theatre (/wiki/Aoyama_Theatre) , 19 June 2014 – 23 June 2014) as Okiku [52] (#cite_note-52) Music videos [ edit ] Moumoon (/wiki/Moumoon) - Yey (2010) with Aiku Maikawa, Mew Azama (/wiki/Mew_Azama) , Hazuki Tsuchiya [53] (#cite_note-53) Cliff Edge - Endless Tears feat. Maiko Nakamura (/wiki/Maiko_Nakamura) (2011) [54] (#cite_note-54) Nerdhead - Tomorrow feat. Hiroko from Mihimaru GT (/wiki/Mihimaru_GT) (2012) [55] (#cite_note-55) Back Number (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_Number) - Watagashi (2012) [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) Bibliography [ edit ] Photobooks [ edit ] Mizuki ( Takarajimasha (/wiki/Takarajimasha) , 15 December 2018). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4800284136 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4800284136) . [58] (#cite_note-58) Calendars [ edit ] 2015 Mizuki Yamamoto Calendar ( Shogakukan (/wiki/Shogakukan) , 21 November 2014). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4091057617 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4091057617) . 2016 Mizuki Yamamoto Calendar (Shogakukan, 21 November 2015). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4091057716 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4091057716) . Magazines [ edit ] CanCam (/wiki/CanCam) , Shogakukan (/wiki/Shogakukan) 1982–, as an exclusive model from December 2009 to September 2017 [59] (#cite_note-59) [60] (#cite_note-60) Awards [ edit ] 1st Tokyo Supermodel Contest (2009): won [61] (#cite_note-61) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 山本美月 (in Japanese). Yahoo Japan Corporation . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Model Yamamoto Mizuki to make acting debut in "Shiawase ni Narou yo" (http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2011/05/model-yamamoto-mizuki-to-make-acting-debut-in-shiawase-ni-narou-yo) " (http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2011/05/model-yamamoto-mizuki-to-make-acting-debut-in-shiawase-ni-narou-yo) . tokyohive . 6Theory Media, LLC . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Itano Tomomi & Taylor Momsen to feature in a new Samantha Thavasa CM" (http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2011/06/itano-tomomi-taylor-momsen-to-feature-in-a-new-samantha-thavasa-cm/) . tokyohive . 6Theory Media, LLC . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) 山本美月、大学卒業から1年「CanCam」の顔に…心境の変化を語る モデルプレスインタビュー (in Japanese). modelpress. 27 March 2015 . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) 山本美月、『弾丸トラベラー』後番組でMC初挑戦 (in Japanese). Oricon . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Yamamoto Mizuki graduates from Meiji University" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144611/http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20140326/oth14032610390014-n1.html) . sanspo.com (in Japanese). Archived from the original (http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20140326/oth14032610390014-n1.html) on 2015-09-24 . Retrieved 2023-08-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "瀬戸康史＆山本美月が結婚発表「大切な存在なのだと確信しました」【コメント全文】" (https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2168996/full/) . ORICON NEWS . 2020-08-07 . Retrieved 2024-01-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "山本美月、第１子妊娠を発表「温かく見守って頂けましたら幸いです」20年に瀬戸康史と結婚 - 芸能 : 日刊スポーツ" (https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/202301290001446.html) . nikkansports.com (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2023-05-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) 高橋洋平. "山本美月＆瀬戸康史夫妻に第１子誕生 山本「信じられないくらい愛おしい」瀬戸「涙しました」 - 芸能 : 日刊スポーツ" (https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/202305160000316.html) . nikkansports.com (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2022-05-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) The quiz (バップ): 2012 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) TV ドクターX ～外科医・大門未知子～ . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) TV Piece . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) サマーヌード Summer nude (フジテレビジョン): 2014 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) TV 僕のいた時間 . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) アオイホノオ (「アオイホノオ」製作委員会): 2014 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) TV おやじの背中／第二話 ウエディング・マッチ . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) TV 地獄先生ぬ～べ～ . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) TV 64（ロクヨン） . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) 山本美月、福士蒼汰の先輩役で"月9"3度目の出演！「恋仲」 (in Japanese). IID, Inc. 14 June 2015 . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) 優香『火村英生の推理』で初の刑事役、山本美月･生瀬勝久･夏木マリらも登場 . mynavi.jp (in Japanese). 20 November 2015 . Retrieved 2015-11-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "中島裕翔主演 『Hope』 ヒロインは山本美月 恋愛要素なしのお仕事ドラマ" (https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2072707/full/) . Oricon News (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Inc., Natasha. "浅野忠信と神木隆之介のドラマ「刑事ゆがみ」に山本美月が出演（コメントあり） - 映画ナタリー" (https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/249989) . 映画ナタリー (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-10-31 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-23) "山本美月、NHKドラマ初主演 オーダーメイドのレーシングスーツ姿に期待" (https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2099034/full/) . Oricon News (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "ディーン・フジオカ"復讐の鬼"と化す 関ジャニ∞大倉忠義と山本美月をめぐり恋敵に＜モンテ・クリスト伯 ―華麗なる復讐―＞ - モデルプレス" (https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1745867) . モデルプレス (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "ドラマ『このマンガがすごい！』中川大志、東出昌大、山本美月ら出演" (https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2118402/full/) . Oricon News (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "《2019年大河ドラマ》出演者発表 第３弾" (http://www6.nhk.or.jp/nhkpr/post/original.html?i=13960) . 日本放送協会 (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "世界中で愛された名作がいま、蘇る！ - とれたてフジテレビ" (https://www.fujitv.co.jp/fujitv/news/pub_2018/181120-i449.html) . フジテレビ (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "山本美月、滝沢秀明に淡い恋心を抱く役柄に 「孤高のメス」フルキャスト発表 - モデルプレス" (https://mdpr.jp/news/1801135) . モデルプレス (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "松坂桃李、山本美月と『パーフェクトワールド』連ドラ化 純粋ラブストーリーに「そわそわ」" (https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2128441/full/) . Oricon News . Retrieved 2019-02-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) 映画 桐島、部活やめるってよ . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Kawaguchi Haruna to star in a live-action adaptation of "Zekkyou Gakkyuu" (http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2013/02/kawaguchi-haruna-to-star-in-a-live-action-adaptation-of-zekkyou-gakkyuu) " (http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2013/02/kawaguchi-haruna-to-star-in-a-live-action-adaptation-of-zekkyou-gakkyuu) . tokyohive . 6Theory Media, LLC . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) 男子高校生の日常 グダグダエディション (ショウゲート): 2014 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) 劇場版Hunter×hunter the last mission (バップ): 2014 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Yamamoto Mizuki to appear in upcoming "Kuroshitsuji" movie as a clumsy maid" (http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2013/05/yamamoto-mizuki-to-appear-in-upcoming-kuroshitsuji-movie-as-a-clumsy-maid) . tokyohive . 6Theory Media, LLC . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) 東京難民 (キングレコード): 2014 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) 女子ーズ (キングレコード): 2014 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) 映画 近キョリ恋愛 . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) 小野寺の弟・小野寺の姉 (ポニーキャニオン): 2015 (in Japanese). National Diet Library . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) 映画 アニメ ピカチュウとポケモンおんがくたい . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) 映画 東京PRウーマン . allcinema (in Japanese). Stingray . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "山本美月「ボクは坊さん。」で人生初の白無垢姿 劇中写真が公開 : 映画ニュース - 映画.com" (https://eiga.com/news/20150813/6/) . 映画.com (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Sadako vs. Kayako Film Brings Together Ring, Ju-On Franchises" (http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-12-10/sadako-vs-kayako-film-brings-together-ring-ju-on-franchises/.96308) . Anime News Network . Retrieved 2015-12-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) 本田翼＆山本美月「少女」映画化に主演！原作・湊かなえ、キャスティングに大絶賛 (in Japanese). eiga.com inc . Retrieved 2016-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "山本美月：大好きな「プリキュア」劇場版のゲスト声優に "愛"で乗り切る" (https://mantan-web.jp/article/20180829dog00m200029000c.html) . Mantanweb (in Japanese). 30 August 2018 . Retrieved 2018-11-29 . ^ Jump up to: a b "岡田准一「ザ・ファブル」続編、21年公開決定！ 堤真一、平手友梨奈、安藤政信が参戦" (https://eiga.com/news/20200819/1/) . eiga.com . Retrieved August 19, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "忌怪島 きかいじま" (https://eiga.com/movie/96583/) . eiga.com . Retrieved February 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "赤ずきん、旅の途中で死体と出会う。" (https://eiga.com/movie/96082/) . eiga.com . Retrieved August 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Live-Action Saint Young Men Film Reveals Team Demon's Cast" (https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-06-22/live-action-saint-young-men-film-reveals-team-demon-cast/.212303) . Anime News Network . 2024-06-23 . Retrieved 2024-06-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "山本美月、"ドS"キャラのセクシーヒットマンに！ 社会の闇と戦う要潤の相棒役" (http://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2014/09/17/26033.html) . cinemacafe.net (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "山本美月主演、『東京アリス』連続ドラマ化 Amazonプライムで独占配信" (https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2094475/full/) . Oricon News (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "ドラマ『銀魂2』にメーテル役で山本美月が出演、「よくメーテルにされがち」" (https://www.cinra.net/news/20180717-dramagintama) . CINRA.NET (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) 山本美月、初舞台に「緊張」 幽霊役でデビュー (in Japanese). Orion . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) 『CanCam』人気4モデル、moumoonの音楽ビデオに出演 (in Japanese). Oricon . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) 祝メジャーデビュー5周年！Cliff Edge ベストアルバム発売！ (in Japanese). Lawson HMV Entertainment, Inc . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) "E-TALENTBANK co.,LTD" (http://mdpr.jp/music/detail/1181444) 5月30日にリリースされる、Nerdhead 待望の新作ミニアルバム『Cruise... (in Japanese). modelpress . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) わたがし (in Japanese). Mizuki Yamamoto Official Blog . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) back number - わたがし (in Japanese). Universal Music LLC . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) "山本美月写真集『Mizuki』" (https://tkj.jp/book/?cd=TD284136) . 宝島社の公式 Web サイト (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-59) 山本美月：専属モデル CanCam.TV (in Japanese). Shogakukan Inc. Archived from the original (http://cancam.tv/model/mizuki.html) on 2012-09-19 . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "山本美月「CanCam」専属モデル卒業へ＜本人コメント＞" (https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1700278) . モデルプレス (in Japanese) . Retrieved 2018-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) "Mizuki Yamamoto wins Tokyo Supermodel Contest" (http://www.tokyograph.com/news/mizuki-yamamoto-wins-tokyo-supermodel-contest/) . Tokyograph . Retrieved 2015-06-14 . External links [ edit ] Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Official website (http://www.incent.jp/incent/talent/yamamoto/index.html) (in Japanese) Mizuki Yamamoto (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4818655/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Mizuki Yamamoto (https://www.instagram.com/mizuki_yamamoto_official/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) This article about a Japanese film actor is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Italian fashion house Portrait of Fontana Sisters: from left to right, Micol, Giovanna, and Zoe Fontana (1955) Sorelle Fontana (literally "Fontana Sisters", also known as "Sorelle Fontana, Alta Moda SRL") is an Italian fashion house, specializing in production of high-fashion couture. It was founded in Rome in 1943 by three sisters and Italian designers: Zoe Fontana (1911-1979), Micol Fontana (/wiki/Micol_Fontana) (1913-2015) and Giovanna Fontana (1915-2004). History [ edit ] Born in Traversetolo (/wiki/Traversetolo) , Parma (/wiki/Parma) , the three Fontana sisters started working as dressmakers with their mother at a very young age. [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) [2] (#cite_note-corr-2) They moved to Rome (/wiki/Rome) in 1933 where they worked as apprentices in other tailoring and sewed clothes at home. [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) [3] (#cite_note-Gnoli-3) In 1907, the sisters inherited their grandmother's tailoring atelier. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) In 1943, the sisters founded a high fashion atelier in Via Liguria [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) [2] (#cite_note-corr-2) initially inspired by Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) 's New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(style_of_clothing)) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) The turning point of their career happened in 1949, when Linda Christian (/wiki/Linda_Christian) bought a Sorelle Fontana dress for her wedding with Tyrone Power (/wiki/Tyrone_Power) . [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) [2] (#cite_note-corr-2) From then on the Sorelle Fontana brand gradually raised in the international jet set. The sisters dressed many celebrities and several heads of state, including Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) , Ava Gardner (/wiki/Ava_Gardner) , Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) , Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) , Queen Soraya (/wiki/Soraya_Tarzi) , Infanta Beatriz of Spain (/wiki/Infanta_Beatriz_of_Spain) , Frederica of Hanover (/wiki/Frederica_of_Hanover) , Anita Ekberg (/wiki/Anita_Ekberg) and Joan Collins (/wiki/Joan_Collins) . [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) [3] (#cite_note-Gnoli-3) [5] (#cite_note-Repubblica-5) Their most famous creation was the provocative cassock dress inspired by the robes worn by Roman catholic priests, [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) which had been approved by the Vatican before its release. [6] (#cite_note-6) They founded the S.I.A.M. - Italian High Fashion Syndicate in 1953, along with many famous fashion designers such as Alberto Fabiani, Vincenzo Ferdinandi (/wiki/Vincenzo_Ferdinandi) , Emilio Schuberth (/wiki/Emilio_Schuberth) , Jole Veneziani (/wiki/Jole_Veneziani) , Giovannelli-Sciarra, Mingolini-Guggenheim, Eleanora Garnett, and Simonetta Colonna di Cesar. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1972, while continuing their production, they withdrew from official events of high fashion. [3] (#cite_note-Gnoli-3) [8] (#cite_note-Treccani-8) After selling the company and the brand to an Italian financial group in 1992, Micol Fontana created the Micol Fontana Foundation in 1994. [3] (#cite_note-Gnoli-3) [8] (#cite_note-Treccani-8) A two-parts television mini-series based on the story of the fashion house, Atelier Fontana - Le sorelle della moda (/wiki/Atelier_Fontana_-_Le_sorelle_della_moda) , was broadcast on Rai 1 (/wiki/Rai_1) in 2011. The sisters were portrayed by Alessandra Mastronardi (/wiki/Alessandra_Mastronardi) (Micol), Anna Valle (/wiki/Anna_Valle) (Zoe), and Federica De Cola (Giovanna). [9] (#cite_note-9) In the popular culture [ edit ] Ava Gardner (/wiki/Ava_Gardner) wore Sorelle Fontana's dresses in many of her movies. Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) wore a Sorelle Fonatana's dress in the 1953 movie Roman Holiday (/wiki/Roman_Holiday) . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) As the designer of Margaret Truman (/wiki/Margaret_Truman) 's (daughter of U.S. President Harry S. Truman (/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) ) wedding gown, Micol Fontana was invited to appear as a mystery guest on the April 15, 1956 episode of What's My Line? (/wiki/What%27s_My_Line%3F) in New York City. The Truman wedding occurred a few days later on April 21, 1956 in Independence (/wiki/Independence,_Missouri) , Missouri (/wiki/Missouri) . In La Dolce Vita (/wiki/La_Dolce_Vita) , the tightly moulded priest’s cassock (/wiki/Cassock) wore by Anita Ekberg (/wiki/Anita_Ekberg) in St Peter’s basilica (/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica) was designed by Sorelle Fontana. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) ^ a b c d e Anna Franco (12 June 2015). "Addio a Micol Fontana, leggendaria regina della moda mondiale" (http://www.ilmessaggero.it/SOCIETA/PERSONE/addio_a_micol_fontana_leggendaria_amp_8203_regina_della_moda_mondiale/notizie/1406997.shtml) . Il Messaggero (/wiki/Il_Messaggero) . Retrieved 15 June 2015 . ^ a b c Flavia Fiorentino (12 June 2015). "Addio a Micol Fontana, la "sarta" delle dive: aveva 102 anni" (http://roma.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/15_giugno_12/moda-lutto-morta-micol-fontana-aveva-102-anni-913f6202-1105-11e5-b09a-9f9a058e6057.shtml?refresh_rum&refresh_ce-cp) . Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) . Retrieved 15 June 2015 . ^ a b c d Sofia Gnoli. Un secolo di moda italiana, 1900-2000 . Meltemi Editore srl, 2005. pp. 111–116. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 888353428X . ^ a b c d Sanderson, Lisa-Anne (2021-05-31). "Sorelle Fontana: Italian Couturiers of the Stars" (https://lifeinitaly.com/sorelle-fontana-couturiers/) . Life in Italy . Retrieved 2022-10-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-Repubblica_5-0) Silvia Giacomini (4 June 1992). "Storia d'Italia tra pizzi e chiffon nell'atelier delle Sorelle Fontana" (http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1992/06/04/storia-italia-tra-pizzi-chiffon-nell.html) . La Repubblica (/wiki/La_Repubblica) . p. 24 . Retrieved 15 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Borelli-Persson, Laird (2018-04-25). "Il Pretino: The Story of Three Italian Sisters, One Fiery American Actress, and a Molto Bella Black Dress" (https://www.vogue.com/article/met-gala-heavenly-bodies-ava-gardner-sorelle-fontana-pretino-dress) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-01-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Rome, Ambasciatori Hotel - Lola Giovannelli, Emilio Schuberth, Micol Fontana, Vincenzo Ferdinandi, Stefanella Sciarra and Zoe Fontana at the foundation cocktail of SIAM - Sindacato Italiano Alta Moda" (https://previews.agefotostock.com/previewimage/medibigoff/6aebaddcf9beb22af3c5b2f5257089ee/mdo-ra04278.jpg) . ^ a b "Fontana, Sorelle" (http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sorelle-fontana/) . Treccani (/wiki/Treccani) . Retrieved 15 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Paolo Scotti (26 February 2011). "La vera storia delle sorelle Fontana le stiliste che vestirono Marilyn" (http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/vera-storia-delle-sorelle-fontana-stiliste-che-vestirono.html) . Il Giornale (/wiki/Il_Giornale) . Retrieved 15 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Micol Fontana" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/micol-fontana-pk7lnfb88f6) . The Times . 16 June 2015. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0140-0460 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460) . Retrieved 2023-01-03 . Further reading [ edit ] Gloria Bianchino, Rossana Bossaglia. Sorelle Fontana . Università di Parma, Centro studi e archivio della communicazione, 1984. Bonizza Giordani-Aragno. Sorelle Fontana, 1907-1992: storia di un atelier . Logart Press, 1992. Fabio Feroce, Raffaella Sgubin. Il fascino dello stile: gli abiti storici delle Sorelle Fontana (1950-1968) . Civico Museo Revoltela, 1996. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.sorellefontana.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/156896721) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/10057293-5) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95050524) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6fcf4fdbb9‐d2gv7 Cached time: 20240716014448 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.299 seconds Real time usage: 0.399 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 847/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27177/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 472/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 52577/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.203/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5636891/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 359.983 1 -total 39.12% 140.829 1 Template:Reflist 26.99% 97.169 5 Template:Cite_news 21.86% 78.699 1 Template:Authority_control 20.27% 72.970 1 Template:Short_description 11.38% 40.977 2 Template:Pagetype 10.06% 36.230 1 Template:Portal 4.79% 17.248 4 Template:Main_other 4.21% 15.162 4 Template:Cite_book 3.98% 14.337 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46984698-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716014448 and revision id 1221311655. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sorelle_Fontana&oldid=1221311655 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sorelle_Fontana&oldid=1221311655) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Italian suit makers (/wiki/Category:Italian_suit_makers) Manufacturing companies based in Rome (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Rome) Italian companies established in 1943 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1943) Clothing companies established in 1943 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1943) Clothing brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with LCCN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers)
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Fashion trend in women of wearing less skin-revealing clothes An Eastern Orthodox woman in Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) is seen wearing a dress and a Christian headcovering (/wiki/Christian_headcovering) . The term modest fashion or modest dressing refers to a fashion trend in women of wearing less skin-revealing clothes, especially in a way that satisfies their spiritual and stylistic requirements for reasons of faith, religion or personal preference. [1] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-1) The exact interpretation of 'modest' (/wiki/Modesty) varies across cultures and countries. There is no unambiguous interpretation as it is influenced by socio-cultural characteristics of each country. [2] (#cite_note-2) Beyond the various interpretations, all agree on the idea that modest fashion means loose clothing, comfortable dressing and covering of the body according to person's own comfort. History [ edit ] The term "modest" may have varied interpretations across religious boundaries and even within them. Commonalities can also exist; for example, many Christian, Jewish, and Muslim women practice the veiling of their head, with Christian women wearing a headcovering (/wiki/Christian_headcovering) , Jewish women wearing a tichel (/wiki/Tichel) , and Muslim women wearing a hijab (/wiki/Hijab) . [3] (#cite_note-Hunt2014-3) [4] (#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-4) [1] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-1) On 28 July 2015, a world panel discussion was held in Turin (/wiki/Turin) with the aim of defining guidelines for modest fashion. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) This growing phenomenon has been studied by scholars such as British professor Reina Lewis from London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) . Among her works on the topic we can mention 'Modest Fashion: Styling Bodies, Mediating Faith' (2013) and 'Muslim Fashion: Contemporary Style Cultures' (2015). [1] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-1) [7] (#cite_note-Buzz_Feed_News-7) In late 2018, modest fashion was considered a 250 billion dollar industry. [7] (#cite_note-Buzz_Feed_News-7) Reception [ edit ] Muslim and Jewish women have spoken of modest fashion as empowering (/wiki/Empowerment_of_women) . [8] (#cite_note-DW-8) “There’s a general misconception that modest clothing is inherently oppressive,” said Michelle Honig, an Orthodox Jewish fashion journalist and the keynote speaker during fashion month at New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) for the Meeting Through Modesty fashion symposium. “But if women in so-called ‘liberated countries’ still choose to cover their bodies, then they have made a choice. They have agency." [4] (#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-4) However, some feminists (/wiki/Feminist) have criticized modest fashion, considering it a "cynical" concept. [8] (#cite_note-DW-8) In 2019, after a modest fashion exhibition hosted in Frankfurt, Germany (/wiki/Frankfurt,_Germany) , Inge Bell from group Terre des Femmes (/wiki/Terre_des_Femmes) stated that it was "a slap in the face of girls and women worldwide who don't want to wear the headscarf or want to take it off". A letter sent by activist to the Emma magazine called the exhibition an attack on both domestic and foreign women's rights (/wiki/Women%27s_rights) activists, also emphasizing that "every year, thousands of women in Iran (/wiki/Women_in_Iran) are punished for violating this dress code (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) ." [8] (#cite_note-DW-8) Modest fashion across religions expresses consensus that it should not be experienced as a limiting factor in style. Brands are churning out designs and collections that an orthodox Muslim, Jew, Christian, Hindu (/wiki/Hindu) can wear in style. Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , and Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) are just a few names that have entered the modest fashion segment, making clothes that cover most parts of the body while allowing women to experiment with the latest trends. [ when? ] In recent years, the acceptance of modest design has been gradually expanding and changing, mirroring a larger cultural movement toward diversity, inclusion, and personal expression in clothing. Modest fashion has gained popularity among a variety of customers, including those who follow dress standards related to their culture or religion and others who just want more conservative options. It emphasizes concealing the body while being attractive and fashionable. [9] (#cite_note-9) See also [ edit ] Plain dress (/wiki/Plain_dress) Outward holiness (/wiki/Outward_holiness) Jewish religious clothing (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Islamic clothing (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Purdah (/wiki/Purdah) Tzniut (/wiki/Tzniut) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Adewunmi, Bim (16 June 2011). "Women Faith-based fashion takes off online" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jun/16/faith-based-fashion-online) . The Guardian . Retrieved 15 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ben, Hannes (19 April 2019). "Modest fashion, major opportunity" (https://locaria.com/modest-fashion-major-opportunity/) . Locaria . Retrieved 4 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hunt2014_3-0) Hunt, Margaret (11 June 2014). Women in Eighteenth Century Europe . Taylor & Francis (/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis) . p. 58. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781317883876 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bauck, Whitney (1 November 2016). "What Does Modest Fashion Mean?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/03/fashion/what-does-modest-fashion-mean.html) . The New York Times . The New York Times . Retrieved 15 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "DIEDC spotlights modest fashion in Italy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171212040842/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/dfb6e56d-8acd-4906-8b8f-df584479f201.aspx) . Gulftoday.ae . 2 August 2015. Archived from the original (http://gulftoday.ae/portal/dfb6e56d-8acd-4906-8b8f-df584479f201.aspx) on 12 December 2017 . Retrieved 30 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "La storia di Wiwid: l'islamic fashion - Ti veste Liz! - MOOB Magazine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150808073051/http://www.moobmag.com/news/fashion/wiwid-islamic-fashion-torino/) . Moobmag.com (in Italian). 1 August 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.moobmag.com/news/fashion/wiwid-islamic-fashion-torino/) on 8 August 2015 . Retrieved 30 December 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Adewunmi, Bim (5 November 2018). "Why The Modest Fashion Trend Isn't Going Anywhere" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bimadewunmi/modest-fashion-trends-netflix) . Buzz Feed News . Retrieved 15 January 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Binder, Antje; Grenier, Elizabeth (3 April 2019). "Muslim fashion for women exhibition stirs controversy in Germany" (https://www.dw.com/en/muslim-fashion-for-women-exhibition-stirs-controversy-in-germany/a-45601007) . DW . Retrieved 15 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "LAYANSI - Modest Fashion - Official Store" (https://www.layansi.com/) . Retrieved 19 March 2024 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Modest fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modest_fashion) at Wikimedia Commons Is Modest Fashion The Next Big Thing? 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Not-for-profit social movement This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Fashion Revolution" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fashion+Revolution%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fashion+Revolution%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fashion+Revolution%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fashion+Revolution%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fashion+Revolution%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fashion+Revolution%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Protestors holding "Who Made My Clothes" signs Fashion Revolution is a not-for-profit global movement represented by Fashion Revolution CIC with teams in over 75 countries around the world. [1] (#cite_note-auto4-1) [ non-primary source needed ] Fashion Revolution campaigns for reform of the fashion (/wiki/Fashion) industry with a focus on the need for greater transparency (/wiki/Transparency_(trade)) in the fashion supply chain (/wiki/Supply_chain) . [1] (#cite_note-auto4-1) [ non-primary source needed ] Starting in 2014, Fashion Revolution marks the anniversary of the Rana Plaza disaster (/wiki/Rana_Plaza_disaster) in Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) with Fashion Revolution Week and holds events each year. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Between 2014 and 2020, millions of people around the world called on brands to answer the question Who Made My Clothes? The hashtag (/wiki/Hashtag) #WhoMadeMyClothes became the no.1 global trend on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . [4] (#cite_note-4) They have faced criticisms specifically about the Global Fashion Transparency Index. [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] Fashion Revolution was founded in 2013 in response to the Rana Plaza (/wiki/2013_Dhaka_garment_factory_collapse) disaster in Bangladesh by Carry Somers (/wiki/Carry_Somers) and Orsola de Castro (/wiki/Orsola_de_Castro) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The organization is funded by private foundations, institutional grants, commercial organizations, and donations from individuals. Somers and de Castro launched the #WhoMadeMyClothes hashtag in 2014. [7] (#cite_note-auto3-7) Carry Somers, founder, shares her work with Fashion Revolution. Fashion Revolution Day / Fashion Revolution Week [ edit ] The first Fashion Revolution Day took place on 24 April 2014. Fashion Revolution's hashtag #insideout was the no. 1 global trend on Twitter. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The second Fashion Revolution Day took place on 24 April 2015. The global reach from online news and broadcast media was 16.5 billion and 63 million people from across 76 countries made the hashtag #WhoMadeMyClothes the number one trend on Twitter [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) The YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) video The 2 Euro T-Shirt - A Social Experiment had over 6.5 million views and won a Cannes Lions (/wiki/Cannes_Lions_International_Festival_of_Creativity) award. [12] (#cite_note-12) [ non-primary source needed ] In its third year, Fashion Revolution activities took place over a week, from 18 to 24 April 2016 in over 90 countries around the world. This Fashion Revolution Week began with Fashion Question Time at the UK Houses of Parliament (/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament) . [13] (#cite_note-marycreagh.com-13) and the launch of the first edition of the Fashion Transparency Index, which scored 40 large fashion companies on the information they disclose to stakeholders and the public about social and environmental issues across their supply chains. [14] (#cite_note-14) [ non-primary source needed ] [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) 70,000 people around the world asked brands #whomademyclothes with 156 million impressions of the hashtag on social media. G-Star Raw (/wiki/G-Star_Raw) , American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) , Fat Face (/wiki/Fat_Face) , Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) , Massimo Dutti (/wiki/Massimo_Dutti) , Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , and Warehouse (/wiki/Warehouse_(clothing)) were among more than 1200 fashion brands and retailers that responded with photographs of their workers saying #imadeyourclothes. [17] (#cite_note-17) In its fourth year, Fashion Revolution Week took place from 24 to 30 April 2017. On 24th April, the second edition of the Fashion Transparency Index was launched, with a review of the transparency of 100 large global fashion brands. [18] (#cite_note-18) [ non-primary source needed ] [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) 66,000 people attended around 1,000 Fashion Revolution events and there were 533 million impressions on social media posts using one of Fashion Revolution's hashtags during April. Over 2000 brands and producer groups responded, answering #imadeyourclothes. [21] (#cite_note-Home-21) [ non-primary source needed ] [22] (#cite_note-22) In its fifth year, Fashion Revolution Week took place from 23 to 29 April 2018. [23] (#cite_note-23) Over 1000 Fashion Revolution events were held around the world, including Fashion Open Studio and Fashion Question Time at the Houses of Parliament (/wiki/Houses_of_parliament) . In April, the third edition of the Fashion Transparency Index was launched, ranking 150 brands on how much they disclose about their policies, practices, procedures and social and environmental impact. [24] (#cite_note-24) Fashion Revolution Week continued in both 2019 and 2020. In 2020 Fashion Revolution launched a new hashtag #whatsinmyclothes focused on fabric composition and the chemicals used in textile production, linked to Carry Somers (/wiki/Carry_Somers) participation in Exxpedition (https://exxpedition.com/) , an all-women round-the-world sailing voyage to investigate microplastic and chemical pollution in the oceans. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) Events [ edit ] During Fashion Revolution Week, hundreds of events take place around the world. Fashion Revolution has organized high-level roundtable events on ethics (/wiki/Ethics) , sustainability (/wiki/Sustainability) , and transparency (/wiki/Transparency_(behavior)) in the fashion industry. 2014 [ edit ] May 12: Roundtable Debate in UK House of Lords (/wiki/House_of_Lords) . [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) 2015 [ edit ] February 26: Fashion Question Time in the UK House of Commons (/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom) with Mary Creagh (/wiki/Mary_Creagh) MP, Lily Cole (/wiki/Lily_Cole) , Jenny Holdcroft, policy director of IndustriALL Global Union (/wiki/IndustriALL_Global_Union) Catarina Midby, Global Head of Sustainable Communications, H&M (/wiki/H%26M) 's Dilys Williams, Head, Centre for Sustainable Fashion, and Anas Sarwar (/wiki/Anas_Sarwar) . [29] (#cite_note-29) [ non-primary source needed ] [30] (#cite_note-30) June 29: Ethical Fashion 2020: a New Vision for Transparency in UK House of Lords (/wiki/House_of_Lords) . [31] (#cite_note-31) December 2: EU roundtable and White Paper called 'It's Time for a Fashion Revolution' about transparency launched in Brussels. [21] (#cite_note-Home-21) [ non-primary source needed ] 2016 [ edit ] April 18: Fashion Question Time at the Houses of Parliament. [13] (#cite_note-marycreagh.com-13) [21] (#cite_note-Home-21) [ non-primary source needed ] 2017 [ edit ] March 23: Fashion Revolution made their debut at Cape Town Fashion Week [32] (#cite_note-32) April 24: Fashion Question Time at the Houses of Parliament. [33] (#cite_note-33) April 24: Launch of Open Studios, a week-long series of events in London, New York, Athens, Prato, LA and Jakarta. [34] (#cite_note-34) April 24: Avery Dennison partnered with Fashion Revolution to create some branded patches (made with up to 90% recycled yarns) [35] (#cite_note-35) April 24: Collaborated with AEG/Electrolux on the Loved Clothes Last project and launched a video looking at mass production, consumerism, and the tragedy of modern-day landfills. 2018 [ edit ] November 6: The "Who Made My Clothes" campaign film directed by MJ Delaney and produced by Futerra [36] (#cite_note-36) was awarded the Best Green Fashion Film award at the 2018 Fashion Film Festival Milano (/wiki/Fashion_Film_Festival_Milano) Hashtag Movements. [37] (#cite_note-37) 2020 [ edit ] April 24: Fashion Question Time was live-streamed on YouTube to discuss trends in mass consumption. [38] (#cite_note-38) April 24: Fashion Revolution launched Fashion Open Studio, an international fashion showcase produced digitally to comply with COVID-19 stay at home orders. [39] (#cite_note-39) 2021 [ edit ] Fashion Revolution co-founder Orsola de Castro published her first book "Loved Clothes Last." [40] (#cite_note-40) 2022 [ edit ] May 24–28: A Textile Garden for Fashion Revolution at RHS Chelsea Flower Show (/wiki/RHS_Chelsea_Flower_Show) designed by Lottie Delamain won silver gilt medal. [41] (#cite_note-41) Hashtag Movements [ edit ] #InsideOut [ edit ] Women wear clothing inside out to support the #InsideOut movement and showcase where their clothes were produced. For the first Fashion Revolution Day, the hashtag, #InsideOut, was created. #InsideOut became a #1 global trend on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) and celebrities including Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) , Livia Firth and Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) posted with the hashtag on their social media platforms. The hashtag encouraged people to wear their clothes inside out to reveal tags showing where the piece of clothing was made. [42] (#cite_note-42) [ non-primary source needed ] Additionally, British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) ran a #InsideOut street style gallery on April 24, 2014. [43] (#cite_note-43) #Haulternative [ edit ] In 2015, Fashion Revolution came up with #Haulternative, a new movement to promote sustainable fashion by encouraging people to purchase used clothing over new clothing. [44] (#cite_note-44) [ non-primary source needed ] The goal was to encourage the purchase of used clothes to mitigate the effects of the fashion manufacturing processes on the environment. There are several key aspects to the #haulternative campaign. [45] (#cite_note-45) [ non-primary source needed ] These aspects are: Love story: fall back in love with the things you already own Broken & beautiful: share the story about an item of clothing that has become damaged or broken, but that you love and will cherish forever Fashion fix: make your clothes last longer by repairing them when necessary 2hand: recreate your favorite looks for a fraction of the price by buying from your local charity shops Swap: do a clothes swap with a friend DIY: turn your clothes to become something new by tailoring clothes to a different shape, adding new embellishments, or dying it with a different colour Vintage: going vintage gives you personal style and means you'll be reusing, repurposing and extending the life of beautiful clothes Slow: appreciate the beauty and true value of the handmade fashion items The movement was promoted mainly through YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) where Fashion Revolution worked with YouTube fashion vloggers to promote purchase of used clothes. The #Haulternative campaign, in conjunction with The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , features fashion vloggers (/wiki/Vloggers) filming themselves doing an alternative fashion haul. [46] (#cite_note-46) Haulers who participated included CutiePieMarzia (/wiki/CutiePieMarzia) , [47] (#cite_note-47) Noodlerella (/wiki/Noodlerella) , Bip Ling, Grav3yardgirl (/wiki/Grav3yardgirl) , and Shameless Maya [48] (#cite_note-48) with combined views of 2 million on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Besides the promotion through YouTube, Fashion Revolution also promoted #Haulternative by creating events with seasonal second-hand clothing pop-up stores in selected cities. In November 2019, Fashion Revolution collaborated with student ambassadors at Glasgow Clyde College (/wiki/Glasgow_Clyde_College) to take students on guided walking tours across different second-hand clothing shopping routes. [49] (#cite_note-49) [ non-primary source needed ] Fashion Revolution publications and podcasts [ edit ] Fashion Transparency Index (2016 & 2017) ranks the biggest global fashion companies (40 in 2016, 100 in 2017) according to their level of transparency based on a questionnaire and publicly available information about supply chain issues. [50] (#cite_note-50) Money, Fashion, Power (2017) is a zine which comprises 72 pages of poetry, illustrations, photography, graphic design and editorials exploring the hidden stories behind clothing, pricing, and the purchasing power of consumers. [51] (#cite_note-51) Collectible hard copies could be purchased and a free digital version was published online. Schools, colleges and universities [ edit ] In 2014, Fashion Revolution published a quiz and an education pack for school, college and university teachers, and students. In 2015, a new quiz and separate education worksheets were produced for primary schools (7–11 years), secondary schools (11–16 years), further education colleges (16–18 years) and universities (18+). [52] (#cite_note-52) These were published in English and translated into Spanish, Finnish and other languages by Country Coordination teams. In July 2015, a collection of social media postings showing how teachers and students got involved the Fashion Revolution was published on Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest) , [53] (#cite_note-53) along with a 'who made my clothes?' film library, [54] (#cite_note-54) and a collection of 'imaginative ways in which the work of artists, activists and others can be used to inspire and engage people in the Fashion Revolution'. [55] (#cite_note-55) In August 2016, three sessions were organized at the Annual Conference of the Royal Geographical Society (with Institute of British Geographers) (/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society) conference in London with academic and activist speakers talking to the theme of "Scholar activism and the Fashion Revolution: 'who made my clothes?'" Session one focused on connecting producers and consumers, [56] (#cite_note-56) session two on slow sustainable fashion in practice [57] (#cite_note-57) and session three on engaging publics. [58] (#cite_note-58) In June–July 2017, a free 3-week online course called 'Who Made My Clothes' was created in collaboration with the University of Exeter (/wiki/University_of_Exeter) . [59] (#cite_note-59) Run by and featuring members of Fashion Revolution's Global Coordination Team - Ian Cook, Orsola de Castro, Sarah Ditty and Joss Whipple - the course included over 8,000 learners worldwide, and covered topics such as the pay and conditions of people working in the global garment industry. In May 2020, a free 4-week online course called ' Fashion's Future: The Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/fashion-s-future-and-the-un-sustainable-development-goals-) ' was created by and featuring members of Fashion Revolution's Global Coordination Team - Sarah Ditty, Ilishio Lovejoy and Sienna Somers - the course covered topics such as how the fashion industry works, how we interact with it and the impacts it has on people and planet, how the Sustainable Development Goals relate to the clothes we wear and many more interesting topics. Criticisms [ edit ] In 2016, various fashion brands criticized Fashion Revolution by questioning the methods that the organization and the website Ethical Consumer (/wiki/Ethical_Consumer) used for the Fashion Transparency Index. In an article written by The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , Ruth Stokes, author of The Armchair Activist's Handbook, says that meaningful change in the fashion industry can start with a Fashion Revolution Day hashtag campaign, but must go beyond it. [60] (#cite_note-60) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "ABOUT" (https://www.fashionrevolution.org/about/) . Fashion Revolution . Retrieved 2020-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Muzaffar, Zareen (27 April 2015). "2 Years Later, Bangladesh's Rana Plaza Debacle Continues to Resonate Globally" (https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/2-years-later-bangladeshs-rana-plaza-debacle-continues-to-resonate-globally/) . The Diplomat . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Dearden, Lizzie (24 April 2015). "Fashion Revolution Day: #whomademyclothes campaign remembers Rana Plaza disaster" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/fashion-revolution-day-whomademyclothes-campaign-remembers-rana-plaza-disaster-10201871.html) . The Independent . London. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ayre, Josie (24 April 2015). "It's Fashion Revolution Day! Here's Why It's So Important To Know Where Our Clothes Are Made..." (http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/549144/fashion-revolution-day-2015-carry-somers-interview.html) Marie Claire . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Theodosi, Natalie (2016-04-29). "Fashion Revolution Responds to Criticism From Brands on Its Transparency Index" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/fashion-revolution-criticism-transparency-index-chanel-fendi-sustainability-10421031/) . WWD . Retrieved 2020-05-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Yardley, Jim (2013-05-22). "Report on Deadly Factory Collapse in Bangladesh Finds Widespread Blame" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/23/world/asia/report-on-bangladesh-building-collapse-finds-widespread-blame.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-auto3_7-0) Blanchard, Tamsin (2019-04-22). "Who Made My Clothes? Stand up for workers' rights with Fashion Revolution Week | Tamsin Blanchard" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/commentisfree/2019/apr/22/who-made-my-clothes-stand-up-for-workers-rights-with-fashion-revolution-week) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2020-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Fashion Revolution Day 2015" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150407162113/http://www.oxfam.org.uk/education/education-blog/2015/03/fashion-revolution-day) . Oxfam . 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Loose-fitting, traditional Egyptian garment Not to be confused with Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) . This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jellabiya) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Jellabiya" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jellabiya%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jellabiya%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jellabiya%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jellabiya%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jellabiya%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jellabiya%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Musicians in Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) wearing jellabiya Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Islam) on Islamic culture (/wiki/Islamic_culture) Architecture (/wiki/Islamic_architecture) Azerbaijani (/wiki/Architecture_of_Azerbaijan) Indo-Islamic (/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture) Indonesian (/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia) Moorish (/wiki/Moorish_architecture) Ottoman (/wiki/Ottoman_architecture) Persian (/wiki/Iranian_architecture) Somali (/wiki/Somali_architecture) Sudano-Sahelian (/wiki/Sudano-Sahelian_architecture) Tatar (/wiki/Tatar_mosque) Swahili (/wiki/Swahili_architecture) Yemeni (/wiki/Architecture_of_Yemen) Art (/wiki/Islamic_art) Arabian carpet (/wiki/Arabian_carpet) Azerbaijani carpet (/wiki/Azerbaijani_rug) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Calligraphy (/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy) Damask (/wiki/Damask) Embroidery (/wiki/Islamic_embroidery) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Iznik pottery (/wiki/Iznik_pottery) Khatam (/wiki/Khatam) Kilim (/wiki/Kilim) Miniature (/wiki/Islamic_art#Painting) Oriental rug (/wiki/Oriental_rug) Paan dan (/wiki/Paan_dan) Persian carpet (/wiki/Persian_carpet) Soumak (/wiki/Soumak) Suzani (/wiki/Suzani_(textile)) Tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Indonesian_weaving_style)) Turkmen rug (/wiki/Turkmen_rug) Turkish carpet (/wiki/Anatolian_rug) Zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) Clothing (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Boubou (/wiki/Boubou_(clothing)) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Headscarf (/wiki/Headscarf) Jilbab (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Jellabiya Kaftan (/wiki/Kaftan) Kameez (/wiki/Kameez) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kupiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Salwar (/wiki/Salwar) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Taqiya (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Holidays (/wiki/Islamic_holidays) Arba'een (/wiki/Arba%27een) al-Ghadir (/wiki/Eid_al-Ghadir) Chaand Raat (/wiki/Chaand_Raat) al-Fitr (/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr) al-Adha (/wiki/Eid_al-Adha) Imamat Day (/wiki/Imamat_Day) New Year (/wiki/Islamic_New_Year) al-Qadr (/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr) Mawlid (/wiki/Mawlid) Ramadan (/wiki/Ramadan) Bara’at (/wiki/Laylat_al_Bara%27at) Raghaib (/wiki/Laylat_al-Raghaib) Literature (/wiki/Islamic_literature) Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_literature) Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature) Bengali (/wiki/Bengali_literature) Crimean Tatar (/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_literature) Gambian (/wiki/Gambian_literature) Hausa (/wiki/Hausa_literature) Indonesian (/wiki/Indonesian_literature) ( Javanese (/wiki/Javanese_literature) ) Kashmiri (/wiki/Literature_of_Kashmir) Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakh_literature) Kurdish (/wiki/Kurdish_literature) Kyrgyz (/wiki/Kyrgyz_literature) Malaysian (/wiki/Malaysian_literature) ( Malay (/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)#Literature) ) Malian (/wiki/Malian_literature) Nigerian (/wiki/Nigerian_literature) Pashto (/wiki/Pashto_literature_and_poetry) Persian (/wiki/Persian_literature) Punjabi (/wiki/Punjabi_literature) Sindhi (/wiki/Sindhi_literature) Somali (/wiki/Somali_literature) South Asian (/wiki/South_Asian_literature) Tajik (/wiki/Tajik_literature) Tatar (/wiki/Tatar_literature) Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_literature) Turkmen (/wiki/Turkmen_literature) Urdu (/wiki/Urdu_literature) Uyghur (/wiki/Uyghur_literature) Uzbek (/wiki/Uzbek_literature) Music (/wiki/Islamic_music) Ashik (/wiki/Ashik) Daf (/wiki/Daf) Dastgah (/wiki/Dastgah) Gamelan (/wiki/Gamelan) Gendang beleq (/wiki/Gendang_beleq) Ghazal (/wiki/Ghazal) Haḍra (/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra) Hamd (/wiki/Hamd) Jari (/wiki/Jarigan) Madih nabawi (/wiki/Madih_nabawi) Mappilappattu (/wiki/Mappila_songs) Maqam (/wiki/Arabic_maqam) Mugam (/wiki/Mugham) Naʽat (/wiki/Na%CA%BDat) Nasheed (/wiki/Nasheed) Noha (/wiki/Noha) Qawwali (/wiki/Qawwali) Sufi (/wiki/Sufi_music) Talempong (/wiki/Talempong) Tambourine (/wiki/Tambourine) Theatre (/wiki/Islamic_theatre) Bangsawan (/wiki/Bangsawan) Cem (/wiki/Cem_(Alevism)) Karagöz and Hacivat (/wiki/Karag%C3%B6z_and_Hacivat) Sama (/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)) Ta'zieh (/wiki/Ta%27zieh) Wayang (/wiki/Wayang) Islam portal (/wiki/Portal:Islam) v t e The jellabiya [ citation needed ] , also jalabiya , [1] (#cite_note-1) galabeya [2] (#cite_note-2) or jalamia ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : جلابية / ALA-LC (/wiki/ALA-LC) : jilabīyah , Egyptian Arabic (/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic) : galabiya, Egyptian Arabic: [ɡæ.læ.ˈbej.jæ, (/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic) ɡæl.læ-] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic) ; "jelebeeya" in Ethiopia (/wiki/Ethiopia) ; "jehllubeeya" in Eritrea (/wiki/Eritrea) ) is a loose-fitting, traditional garment from the Nile Valley (/wiki/Nile_Valley) . Today, it is associated with farmers living in Egypt (Greater Cairo, countryside, Luxor, and Aswan) and comes in rich color varieties. The garment is also worn in Sudan (/wiki/Sudan) , but has other textures and is usually white, [3] (#cite_note-3) as well as some communities from Eritrea (/wiki/Eritrea) and Ethiopia (/wiki/Ethiopia) . The colorful Egyptian style is used by both men and women. [4] (#cite_note-4) Design [ edit ] The jellabiya differs from the Arabic thawb (/wiki/Thawb) , as it has a wider cut, typically no collar (in some cases, no buttons) and longer, wider sleeves. Versions for farmers have very wide sleeves and sewn-in pockets used to carry tobacco, money, or other small items. Along the Red Sea (/wiki/Red_Sea) coast in Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) , and Sudan (/wiki/Sudan) and among Beja (/wiki/Beja_people) tribesmen, the Arabic dishdash (/wiki/Dishdash) is preferred due to the jellabiya's relation to farming (/wiki/Agriculture) . Jellabiya worn in summer are often white. During winter, thicker fabrics that are grey, dark green, olive, blue, tan or striped (/wiki/Pinstripes) are used, and colorful scarves are worn around the neck. The garment is traditionally worn with an ammama (/wiki/Ammama) ( turban (/wiki/Turban) ). A full male dress in Sudan usually consists of three pieces, the jibba (/wiki/Jibba) , the kaftan (/wiki/Kaftan) , and the sederi . The gebba/jibba, is the outermost garment characterized by a long opening over the chest. The urban version used to have this opening continue to the end, which made the jibba effectively a long coat. It has one pocket on one side and on the other side, just an opening that leads to a pocket in the Kaftan, the gallabiya's undergarment. The kaftan is perfectly aligned with the jibba and worn under it for protection against both heat and cold. It is also made of pure cotton to avoid irritation caused by the wool of the winter jibba. Between the kaftan and the jibba there is a sederi (vest) which has small pockets for money, cigarette packs, and even pistols. A traditional kamees and a sirwal (/wiki/Sirwal) are usually worn underneath the three piece suit. [ citation needed ] Varieties [ edit ] Men's [ edit ] Men's galabeya in Egypt typically have wider hems and sleeves in the country than in the city, and a wide neckline with a slit. In the city, there is usually a button placket instead of a simple slit. [5] (#cite_note-5) Dull, solid colors, stripes, and plaid (/wiki/Tartan) are considered appropriate for men's galabeya, while women's are usually prints and bright colors (or occasionally solid black). [6] (#cite_note-6) In the summer, men's galabeya are made of cotton, while in winter they are made of flannel or wool in darker colors. A heavier galabeya may be worn on top of another and feature couched cord or braid (/wiki/Soutache) decorations concentrated on the neckline, sometimes with braid buttons. [7] (#cite_note-7) In Egypt, two men's galabeya with collars exist: the galabeya frangi (foreign) which has a western shirt collar, and the galabeya scandarani (Alexandrian) which has a stand collar. They also have breast pockets and collars, buttoned placket (/wiki/Placket) front openings, high necklines, and a slightly tighter cut. These are seen as more sophisticated styles of men's galabeya compared to the standard. [8] (#cite_note-8) An Egyptian man from Luxor (/wiki/Luxor) in a traditional jellabiya Women's [ edit ] Egyptian boy in a striped galabeya selling merchandise to a foreign Dutch student (1961) Women's galabeya are typically varied along regional lines. The two main styles are the galabeya bi wist (with waist) and galabeya bi suffra (yoked and loose). The former is common in Middle Upper Egypt from Beni Suef to Assiut, and the latter is common the Delta. Deep Upper Egypt has both, distributed along ethnic lines. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) The galabeya bi wist has a bodice and seoerate skirt. The skirt is either gathered or cut in a bell shape, with a length between the knee and the floor. The waist of the dress is higher than natural to accommodate pregnancy. Sleeves are always 3/4 length or longer, and may be gathered or narrow. The popular necklines are V neck, square, open, and collared, and may be combined in design. In Assuit the galabeya bi wist may have originated as a Coptic Christian fashion, but this distinction is no longer upheld. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) The galabeya bi suffra has long, full sleeves. The main differentiation is the decoration, shape of the yoke, presence of a collar, and style of closure. [9] (#cite_note-:0-9) The women's galabeya in Boheria is distinguished by wide piping on the bust in a contrasting color. It is a galabeya bi suffra, and found further away from urban centers. The neckline is square, with rows of piping spaced apart from each other outlining it. The specifics of the rest of the piping employs a range of motifs. The dress is gathered, with three tucks in the center front to curtail the fullness from being unmanageable. The ruffle at the bottom of the dress is about 8 inches tall. The sleeves are full with three tucks along the length and two horizontal tucks at the shoulder, and ribbon and piping is used to outline the silhouette of a cuff. The dress fabric is always colorful. [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] Egypt portal (/wiki/Portal:Egypt) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Ammama (/wiki/Ammama) Bekishe (/wiki/Bekishe) Burnous (/wiki/Burnous) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kushkush, Isma'il (September 2020). "In the Land of Kush" (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/sudan-land-kush-meroe-ancient-civilization-overlooked-180975498/) . Smithsonian Magazine . Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved January 19, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A Brief History of the Galabeya, an Icon of Traditional Egyptian Dress" (https://csa-living.org/oasis-blog/a-brief-history-of-the-galabeya-an-icon-of-traditional-egyptian-dress) . CSA Reviving Community . Retrieved 2024-02-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Perner, Conradin (2017-03-15). Why Did You Come If You Leave Again?: The Narrative of an Ethnographer's Footprints Among the Anyuak in South Sudan . Xlibris Corporation. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5245-7187-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Challen, Paul (2015-07-15). The Culture and Crafts of Egypt . The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 22. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4994-1157-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Rugh, Andrea. Reveal and Conceal: Dress in Contemporary Egypt . p. 114. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Rugh, Andrea. Reveal and Conceal: Dress in Contemporary Egypt . p. 129. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Rugh, Andrea. Reveal and Conceal: Dress in Contemporary Egypt . p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Rugh, Andrea. Reveal and Conceal: Dress in Contemporary Egypt . p. 116. ^ Jump up to: a b c Rugh, Andrea B. Reveal and Conceal: Dress in Contemporary Egypt . pp. 17–19. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rugh, Andrea B. Reveal and Conceal: Dress in Contemporary Egypt . pp. 26–28. 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Not to be confused with Thawab (/wiki/Thawab) . Long-sleeved Middle Eastern robe Thawb ثَوْب Type Robe (/wiki/Robe) Material Polyester fabric (/wiki/Polyester) , wool (/wiki/Wool) or cotton (/wiki/Cotton) Place of origin Arabian Peninsula (/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) , Levant (/wiki/Levant) , North Africa (/wiki/North_Africa) Thawb or thobe ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : ثَوْب lit. ' dress ' or ' garment ' ), is an Arab (/wiki/Arab) garment worn by inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula (/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) . It is also referred to as jubbah ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : جُبَّه ) , dishdashah ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : دِشْدَاشَة ), and kandura ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : كَنْدُورَة ) in varieties of Arabic (/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic) . The thawb is long-sleeved ankle-length traditional robe (/wiki/Robe) ; it is mainly worn by men in the Arabian Peninsula (/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) , Jordan (/wiki/Jordan) , Syria (/wiki/Syria) , Palestine (/wiki/Palestinian_territories) , Lebanon (/wiki/Lebanon) , North Africa (/wiki/North_Africa) , and some countries in East (/wiki/East_Africa) and West Africa (/wiki/West_Africa) , with regional variations in name and style. Depending on local traditions, a thawb can be worn in formal or informal settings; in the Gulf states (/wiki/GCC_countries) thobes are the main formal attire for men. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is also worn by Muslim men in the Indian subcontinent (/wiki/Indian_subcontinent) due to its modest appearance, and is believed to be a sunnah (/wiki/Sunnah) , [2] (#cite_note-2) and it is commonly referred to as jubbah. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) The term "thobe" is also used in some varieties of Arabic to refer to women's attire, such as in Palestine and Sudan. [6] (#cite_note-CampbellCorman2016-6) Jellabiyas (/wiki/Jellabiya) , a traditional garment mainly worn in Egypt and Sudan differ from thawbs, as jellabiyas have a wider cut, no collar (in some cases, no buttons) and longer, wider sleeves. Gulf Arabs wearing thawbs in Oman (/wiki/Oman) . Etymology [ edit ] The word thawb (ثَوْب) is a Standard Arabic (/wiki/Arabic) word for "dress" or "garment". It is also romanized (/wiki/Romanization) as thobe or thaub or thob. [7] (#cite_note-7) Name variations [ edit ] Omani men wearing thawbs at the Muscat International Book Fair. Iraqi (/wiki/Iraq) men wearing the dishdasha. Region/country Language Main Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) , Yemen (/wiki/Yemen) , Bahrain (/wiki/Bahrain) , Qatar (/wiki/Qatar) , Palestine (/wiki/Palestine_(region)) Hejazi Arabic (/wiki/Hejazi_Arabic) , Yemeni Arabic (/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic) , Najdi Arabic (/wiki/Najdi_Arabic) , Bahraini Arabic (/wiki/Bahrani_Arabic) , Palestinian Arabic (/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic) Thawb/Thōb (ثوب) Levant (/wiki/Levant) , Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) , Kuwait (/wiki/Kuwait) , Oman (/wiki/Oman) , Khuzestan (/wiki/Khuzestan_province) Levantine Arabic (/wiki/Levantine_Arabic) , Mesopotamian Arabic (/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic) , Omani Arabic (/wiki/Omani_Arabic) , Kuwaiti Arabic (/wiki/Kuwaiti_Arabic) , Ahvazi Arabic (/wiki/Khuzestani_Arabic) Dishdāshah (دِشْدَاشَة) United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) , Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) , Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) , Tunisia (/wiki/Tunisia) , Libya (/wiki/Libya) Emirati Arabic (/wiki/Gulf_Arabic) , Moroccan Arabic (/wiki/Moroccan_Arabic) , Algerian Arabic (/wiki/Algerian_Arabic) , Tunisian Arabic (/wiki/Tunisian_Arabic) , Libyan Arabic (/wiki/Libyan_Arabic) Kandūrah (كَنْدُورَة)/ Gandūrah (قَنْدُورَة) Central (/wiki/Central_Asia) , South (/wiki/South_Asia) and Southeast Asia (/wiki/Southeast_Asia) Bengali (/wiki/Bengali_language) , Dari (/wiki/Dari) , Deccani (/wiki/Deccani_language) , Malay (/wiki/Malay_language) , Pashto (/wiki/Pashto) , Urdu (/wiki/Urdu) Jubbah/Jobbeh (جُبَّه), Jibbah (جِبَّه)، Jubah (جُبَه) Regional differences [ edit ] The thawb is commonly worn by men in the Arabian Peninsula (/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) . It is normally made with polyester fabric (/wiki/Polyester) , but heavier materials such as sheep's wool (/wiki/Sheep%27s_wool) can also be used, especially in colder climates in the Levant. [8] (#cite_note-8) The style of the thawb varies between regions. In Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) , Kuwait (/wiki/Kuwait) , the Levant (/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham) , and Oman (/wiki/Oman) , dishdashah is the most common word for the garment; in the United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) and the Maghreb (/wiki/Maghreb) , the word kandura is used. Gulf countries [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Thawb) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( December 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) In the Gulf states thobes are typically made with white or beige polymer fabric, with coloured wool thobes worn in the winter months. Thobes commonly worn by men and are considered as symbols of national and cultural identity, and are appropriate attire for formal occasions and religious ceremonies. In recent years, the thobes have become a popular fashion item, with many fashion designers adding their own modern twists to the traditional garment. In some Gulf countries, thawb sleeves and collars can be stiffened to give a more formal appearance, front pockets and embroidery could be added and placket (/wiki/Placket) buttons can be covered, exposed, or replaced by zippers. In the UAE and Oman, men's thobes have no collar, use frog closures (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) as placket fasteners, and include tassels (/wiki/Tassel) ; in Oman, tassels tend to be short, and in the UAE tassels extend to waist. Sudan [ edit ] Sudanese woman wearing a traditional thawb In Sudan, the term tobe is used to refer to women's outer garments. [6] (#cite_note-CampbellCorman2016-6) In her book Khartoum at night: Fashion and body politics in imperial Sudan , [9] (#cite_note-9) cultural historian (/wiki/Cultural_history) Marie Grace Brown explained: "Meaning “bolt of cloth,” a tobe is a rectangular length of fabric, generally two meters wide and four to seven meters long. It is worn as an outer wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) whenever women are outside their homes or in the company of unrelated males. The tobe's origins date back to the late eighteenth century when prosperous merchants in Darfur (/wiki/Darfur) clothed their wives and daughters in large swaths of fine imported linen (/wiki/Linen) , muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , and silk (/wiki/Silk) as a sign of their wealth and prestige." [10] (#cite_note-10) In the context of urban culture in Sudan since the 1930s, new and often colourful styles of tobes became fashionable, as Sudanese women "expressed their growing opportunities and desires through fashion." [11] (#cite_note-11) Palestine [ edit ] The traditional Palestinian woman's long tunic is also called thawb (or thob , ثوب), and is generally considered women's Palestinian (/wiki/Palestinians) national dress (/wiki/National_dress) . [12] (#cite_note-12) It is richly embroidered with tatreez patterns (/wiki/Tatreez) , with different colours and patterns signifying various aspects of the wearer's social position and most importantly its unique village, town or city. [13] (#cite_note-APNews-13) Other occasions [ edit ] A thawb is sometimes worn with a bisht (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) ( بِشْت ), also known in other parts of the Arabian Peninsula (/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) as a mishlah ( مِشْلَح ) or ʿabāʾ ( عَبَاء ), meaning 'cloak'. It is usually worn on ceremonial occasions or by officials. A bisht is usually worn by religious clergy, but can also be worn at weddings, Eids (/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr) and funerals. It may indicate wealth and royalty or sometimes a religious position. It was originally manufactured in Syria, Iraq and Jordan, and it is usually worn in the Arabian peninsula, Jordan, Syria and parts of southern Iraq. According to H. R. P. Dickson (/wiki/H._R._P._Dickson) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Bedouin women would mount a brightly coloured thawb on a pole in front of a tent in order to welcome home a traveller or an important person coming to visit. [6] (#cite_note-CampbellCorman2016-6) Rashida Tlaib (/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib) , a Democratic (/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) member of the United States House of Representatives (/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives) from Michigan (/wiki/Michigan) and the first Palestinian-American woman elected to that body, wore a thawb to her swearing-in ceremony on January 3, 2019. [15] (#cite_note-15) This inspired a number of Palestinian and Palestinian-American women to share pictures on social media with the hashtag (/wiki/Hashtag) #TweetYourThobe. [16] (#cite_note-16) Like the ghutra (/wiki/Ghutra) , thawbs were also popular during the 2022 FIFA World Cup (/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup) in Qatar (/wiki/Qatar) . Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Saudi instructs overseas officials to wear national dress" (https://www.arabianbusiness.com/gcc/saudi-instructs-overseas-officials-wear-national-dress-638531) . Arabian Business . 14 July 2016 . Retrieved 13 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Is the Jubbah a Sunnah? (Darul Uloom Beodand)" (https://darulifta-deoband.com/home/en/clothing-lifestyle/60508) . Darul Ifta, Darul Uloom Deoband . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "What was Prophet Muhammad's dress like?" (https://islamqa.org/hanafi/darulifta-deoband/26590/what-was-prophet-muhammad-s-dress-like/) . Islam QA . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Khirqah" (https://www.britannica.com/topic/khirqah) . Britannica . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The journey of Sufism in India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/vigilantvoicesandpolitical-perspectives/the-journey-of-sufism-in-india-54964/) . Times of India . ^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell, Kay Hardy; Corman, Leela (March–April 2016). "The Gown That Steals Your Heart" (http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/March-2016/The-Gown-That-Steals-Your-Heart) . Aramco World . 67 (2): 24–25. ^ (#cite_ref-7) admin (2023-02-02). "Everything You Need To Know About Thobes | Thobe Encyclopaedia" (https://al-aniq.com/what-are-thobes/) . Al-Aniq . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Jirousek, Charlotte (2004). "Islamic Clothing" (http://char.txa.cornell.edu/islamicclothes.htm) . Art, Design, and Visual Thinking . Charlotte Jirousek . Retrieved May 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Brown, Marie Grace (2017). Khartoum at night fashion and body politics in imperial Sudan . Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5036-0152-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1113341178 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1113341178) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Stanford University Press. "Start reading Khartoum at Night | Marie Grace Brown" (https://www.sup.org/books/extra/?id=25840&i=Introduction.html) . sup.org . Retrieved 2021-06-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20200530125504/https://history.ku.edu/cherry-picked-%E2%80%98khartoum-night%E2%80%99-looks-sudanese-history-through-fashion) 'Khartoum at Night' looks at Sudanese history through fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200530125504/https://history.ku.edu/cherry-picked-%E2%80%98khartoum-night%E2%80%99-looks-sudanese-history-through-fashion) . University of Kansas Department of History . University of Kansas. August 9, 2017. Archived from the original (https://history.ku.edu/cherry-picked-%E2%80%98khartoum-night%E2%80%99-looks-sudanese-history-through-fashion) on May 30, 2020 . Retrieved May 25, 2019 . expressed their growing opportunities and desires through fashion. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Kassis, Reem (2023). We Are Palestinian: A Celebration of Culture and Tradition . Studio Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1800783287 . ^ (#cite_ref-APNews_13-0) Debre, Isabel (February 12, 2019). "Iconic Palestinian robe fashions a new political symbol" (https://www.apnews.com/aa8eb954b51644589f0656f6ac2ba5cc) . AP News . Retrieved May 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Dickson, H.R.P. (2015). The Arab of the desert : a glimpse into Badawin life in Kuwait and Sau'di Arabia . New York, NY: Routledge. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 919302946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/919302946) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Jennings, Rebecca (January 4, 2018). "Rashida Tlaib's thobe and Ilhan Omar's hijab are making congressional history" (https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/1/3/18166768/rashida-tlaib-ilhan-omar-congress-thobe-hijab) . Vox (/wiki/Vox_(blogging_platform)) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Zrarick, Karen (January 3, 2018). "As Rashida Tlaib Is Sworn In, Palestinian-Americans Respond With #TweetYourThobe" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/us/politics/rashida-tlaib-palestinian-thobe.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sky_Girls_BW&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( September 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Sky Girls BW Formation 2014 ; 10 years ago ( 2014 ) [1] (#cite_note-1) Type NGO (/wiki/Non-governmental_organization) Location Botswana Gaborone (/wiki/Gaborone) and Francistown (/wiki/Francistown) Website skygirlsbw (http://skygirlsbw.com) .com (http://skygirlsbw.com) Sky Girls BW is an organization that airs on radio station RB2 called Sky Live , with its hosts being Karyn & Chipo. [2] (#cite_note-2) Music [ edit ] Zeus (/wiki/Zeus_(musician)) Performing Touch The Sky In 2014, Zeus (/wiki/Zeus_(musician)) released a single, TOUCH THE SKY , and a music video for Sky Girls BW. The single was made to encourage teenagers in situations like peer pressure. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Fashion [ edit ] Sky Girls BW fashion show Sky Girls BW hosted a fashion show in 2014 at Limkokwing Botswana (/wiki/Limkokwing_University_of_Creative_Technology) [4] (#cite_note-4) showcasing clothing made by designers in Botswana. See also [ edit ] Yarona FM (/wiki/Yarona_FM) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "New lifestyle Magazine For Teen Girls Launched" (http://www.gazettebw.com/new-lifestyle-magazine-for-teen-girls-launched) . www.gazettebw.com . Retrieved 2015-08-10 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Issuu 7" (http://skygirlsbw.com/SKYIssuu7.html) . Sky Girls BW . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_3-0) "Weekend Post :: Weekend Life - Zeus releases Sky Girls video" (http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=700) . www.weekendpost.co.bw . Retrieved 2015-08-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Limkokwing University of Creative Technology" (http://www.limkokwing.net/botswana/) . Limkokwing University . Retrieved 2015-08-10 . Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐wrxnm Cached time: 20240720093909 Cache expiry: 1002052 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.309 seconds Real time usage: 0.435 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1460/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17819/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1440/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20234/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.193/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4246481/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 407.048 1 -total 37.14% 151.190 1 Template:Infobox_organization 35.41% 144.137 1 Template:Infobox 34.61% 140.895 1 Template:Reflist 27.37% 111.395 4 Template:Cite_web 19.97% 81.292 1 Template:Advert 16.61% 67.594 2 Template:Unbulleted_list 14.63% 59.553 1 Template:Ambox 13.09% 53.282 4 Template:Comma_separated_entries 7.77% 31.648 1 Template:Portal_bar Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47526738-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720093909 and revision id 1220877849. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sky_Girls_BW&oldid=1220877849 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sky_Girls_BW&oldid=1220877849) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion organizations (/wiki/Category:Fashion_organizations) Organisations based in Gaborone (/wiki/Category:Organisations_based_in_Gaborone) 2014 establishments in Botswana (/wiki/Category:2014_establishments_in_Botswana) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from June 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2016) Articles with a promotional tone from September 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_September_2023) All articles with a promotional tone (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone)
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Indian television actor Ankit Raj Occupation(s) Model, Actor Years active 2011–present Ankit Raj is an Indian television and film actor and model. He has played a variety of characters in different television shows like Qubool Hai (/wiki/Qubool_Hai) , Ishqbaaaz (/wiki/Ishqbaaaz) and Laado 2 – Veerpur Ki Mardaani . [1] (#cite_note-raj-1) Career [ edit ] Raj has made his footprints in the fashion world by walking for leading designers such as Manish Malhotra (/wiki/Manish_Malhotra) , Rohit Bal (/wiki/Rohit_Bal) , Troy Costa (/wiki/Troy_Costa) , Wendell Rodricks (/wiki/Wendell_Rodricks) , Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) , Varun Bahl, and Tarun Tahiliani (/wiki/Tarun_Tahiliani) to name a few. [1] (#cite_note-raj-1) [2] (#cite_note-qubool-2) He has been the pool model for Van Heusen (/wiki/Van_Heusen_(brand)) for two seasons and has been on the cover of Wills Fashion magazine 2009. [1] (#cite_note-raj-1) Colotmate, Sprite (/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)) , Honda Jazz (/wiki/Honda_Jazz) , Yamaha FZ (/wiki/Yamaha_FZ) , Peter England (/wiki/Peter_England_(Apparels)) , Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) , World player shirts, Kaiser Josh are some of the brands that Raj have been associated with in his fashion career. [1] (#cite_note-raj-1) In 2014, he played the role of Goldie in the film Karle Pyaar Karle (/wiki/Karle_Pyaar_Karle) . Taran Adarsh (/wiki/Taran_Adarsh) of Bollywood Hungama (/wiki/Bollywood_Hungama) , wrote of his performance "a few fill the bill Aham Sharma and Ankit Ra" [3] (#cite_note-3) Raj was felicitated at the Asia Model Festival 2015 for his contribution to the modelling industry. In 2015, Raj made his debut to Indian television with Zee TV (/wiki/Zee_TV) 's Qubool Hai (/wiki/Qubool_Hai) as Amaad Iqbaal Khan. In 2017, he appeared in the cameo role of Samar in Star Plus (/wiki/Star_Plus) 's series Ishqbaaaz (/wiki/Ishqbaaaz) alongside Additi Gupta (/wiki/Additi_Gupta) . Filmography [ edit ] Key † Denotes films that have not yet been released Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Ref. 2010 Get Gorgeous (/wiki/Get_Gorgeous) Contestant 2015–2016 Qubool Hai (/wiki/Qubool_Hai) Amaad Iqbal Khan 2016 Mastaangi: One Love Story Two Lifetimes (/wiki/Mastaangi_-_One_Love_Story_Two_Lifetimes) Veer Kapoor 2017 Khoonkhar (/wiki/Supercops_vs_Supervillains) Prince Veer [4] (#cite_note-4) Ishqbaaaz (/wiki/Ishqbaaaz) Samarjeet Malhotra [5] (#cite_note-5) 2017–2018 Laado 2: Veerpur Ki Mardaani (/wiki/Laado_2_(TV_series)) Ranveer Choudhary 2018 Yeh Pyaar Nahi Toh Kya Hai (/wiki/Yeh_Pyaar_Nahi_Toh_Kya_Hai) Kartik Reddy 2018–2019 Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara (/wiki/Vish_Ya_Amrit:_Sitara) Samrat Singh 2019 Main Bhi Ardhangini 2 (/wiki/Main_Bhi_Ardhangini) Adhiraj 2021 Qubool Hai 2.0 (/wiki/Qubool_Hai_2.0) Salmaan Ansari 2022 Dharm Yoddha Garud (/wiki/Dharm_Yoddha_Garud) Kaliya Naag (/wiki/Kaliya) [6] (#cite_note-6) 2024 Qayaamat Se Qayaamat Tak (/wiki/Qayaamat_Se_Qayaamat_Tak) Vikram "Vicky" Sahariya Films [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2014 Karle Pyaar Karle (/wiki/Karle_Pyaar_Karle) Goldie 2018 Ascharyachakit Karan 2023 Pyar Mein Twist † Gopal Theatre Play References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Times News Network (7 February 2014). "Ankit Raj" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/model-of-the-day/Ankit-Raj/articleshow/10053812.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Retrieved 15 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-qubool_2-0) Times News Network (15 July 2015). "Fresh Faces Ankit Raj and Randeep Malik to enter 'Qubool Hai' (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/In-Out-TV-celebs-onboard-quit-or-kicked-out/photostory/48329246.cms) " (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/In-Out-TV-celebs-onboard-quit-or-kicked-out/photostory/48329246.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Retrieved 12 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bollywood Hungama (17 January 2014). "Karle Pyaar Karle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131129095606/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/585340) . bollywoodhungama.com . Archived from the original (http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/585340) on 29 November 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Ankit Raaj injured during horse riding sequence" (https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/240117/ankit-raaj-injured-during-horse-riding-sequence.html) . 24 January 2017 . Retrieved 8 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Ankit Raj enters 'Ishqbaaaz' as the new hero - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ankit-raj-enters-ishqbaaaz-as-the-new-hero/articleshow/59054902.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Retrieved 11 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "जानिए धर्म योद्धा गरुड़ के पात्र व कहानी को" (https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/dharm-yoddha-garud-did-winner-faisal-khans-new-show-to-kick-start-from-14-th-march-1100168.html) . TV9 Bharatvarsh (in Hindi) . Retrieved 16 March 2022 . External links [ edit ] Ankit Raj (https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/ankit-raaj/) at Bollywood Hungama (/wiki/Bollywood_Hungama) Ankit Raj (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6216582/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Bollywood (/wiki/Portal:Bollywood) Film (/wiki/Portal:Film) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Television (/wiki/Portal:Television) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐rfssk Cached time: 20240712171327 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.281 seconds Real time usage: 0.399 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2248/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20418/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1310/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27174/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.164/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6675628/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 368.111 1 -total 27.51% 101.258 1 Template:Reflist 24.53% 90.280 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.27% 74.623 2 Template:Cite_news 14.75% 54.304 1 Template:Short_description 10.41% 38.314 1 Template:Portal_bar 8.83% 32.496 2 Template:Pagetype 7.58% 27.914 1 Template:Use_Indian_English 6.52% 24.008 18 Template:Main_other 4.75% 17.498 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47630410-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712171327 and revision id 1227471666. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ankit_Raj&oldid=1227471666 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ankit_Raj&oldid=1227471666) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) People from Jabalpur (/wiki/Category:People_from_Jabalpur) 21st-century Indian male actors (/wiki/Category:21st-century_Indian_male_actors) Indian male film actors (/wiki/Category:Indian_male_film_actors) Indian male television actors (/wiki/Category:Indian_male_television_actors) Male actors in Hindi cinema (/wiki/Category:Male_actors_in_Hindi_cinema) Indian male models (/wiki/Category:Indian_male_models) 1988 births (/wiki/Category:1988_births) Hidden categories: CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_(hi)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use Indian English from February 2016 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_February_2016) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English) Use dmy dates from November 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2019) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
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Malay or Indonesian headgear Tengkolok Minangkabau (/wiki/Minangkabau_people) man with a tengkolok headgear. Type Traditional Headgear (/wiki/Headgear) Material Songket (/wiki/Songket) Place of origin Maritime Southeast Asia (/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia) [1] (#cite_note-IDN_Tanjak-1) Manufacturer Malay people (/wiki/Malay_people) [2] (#cite_note-Binus_Tanjak-2) [3] (#cite_note-Palembang_Tourism_Tanjak-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Banjarese (/wiki/Banjar_people) , Minangkabau (/wiki/Minangkabau_people) , [5] (#cite_note-Kumparan_Minangkabau-5) Buginese (/wiki/Bugis_people) , Makassar (/wiki/Makassar_people) , Minahasa (/wiki/Minahasa) , Bajau (/wiki/Bajau_people) , Kadazandusun (/wiki/Kadazandusun) , Gorontalo (/wiki/Gorontalo_people) , Maguindanaon (/wiki/Maguindanao_people) and Brunei Malay (/wiki/Bruneian_Malays) people Tengkolok , also known as Tanjak , Destar ( Minangkabau (/wiki/Minangkabau_language) : Deta ; Kelantan-Pattani (/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay) : Semutar ) [6] (#cite_note-dewan_tengkolok-6) is a traditional Malay (/wiki/Malay_people) or Indonesian (/wiki/Indonesia) [7] (#cite_note-Tribun_Tanjak-7) and male headgear. It is made from long songket (/wiki/Songket) cloth folded and tied in a particular style ( solek ). Nowadays, it is usually worn in ceremonial functions, such as royal ceremonies by royalties, and wedding (/wiki/Wedding) ceremonies by grooms. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Name [ edit ] The terms tengkolok , Tanjak , and setanjak are synonyms; the word "tengkolok" also refers to "headgear or headcover worn by women", [6] (#cite_note-dewan_tengkolok-6) but the definition of women's headgear is rarely used today. [9] (#cite_note-Tribun_Tanjak_Melayu-9) However, some people [ who? ] say that tengkolok , tanjak , and destar are different in terms of cloth type or tying even though the purpose is the same, which the tengkolok is a headgear made from cloth of good quality and its tying has many layers and tapers to tip; destar has low tying and its tying layers are fewer than tengkolok ; tanjak has tying much like tengkolok , the only difference is that its cloth is simple and thin. Solek [ edit ] Further information: Regalia of Malaysia (/wiki/Regalia_of_Malaysia) Tengkolok is made in various forms, with different types and designs of cloth, depending on the social status of its dress. [10] (#cite_note-10) The general term for different forms of tengkolok is solek . Each solek also has its different special name, for instance: the tengkolok worn by Yang di-Pertuan Agong (/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong) during the coronation ceremony is known as Solek Dendam Tak Sudah (Persistent Vengeance Style). Every Malay king has their particular solek . For example, the Sultan of Selangor (/wiki/Selangor) wears a richly golden yellow Solek Balung Raja (Royal Crest Style) when attending a coronation ceremony or his birthday ceremony. Brunei [ edit ] The traditional attire of the Brunei Malay (/wiki/Bruneian_Malays) population, locally known as destar, represents the significance of Malay rulers (/wiki/Sultan) and nobility (/wiki/Nobility) throughout history. In addition, it served as a representation of the social structure (/wiki/Social_structure) of the time, separating commoners (/wiki/Commoner) from dignitaries (/wiki/Dignitary) until the head covering became the Malay custom (/wiki/Malay_customs) of dressing. [11] (#cite_note-11) Over two millennia (/wiki/Millennium) have passed since the discovery of Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) 's destar types, which include Destar Taruna, Helang Benari, Singa Menerpa, Layar Bahtera, Nakhoda Sailar, and Hulubalang Diraja. The destar's production process, it was previously known that a high-quality dastar requires a week to complete, which has a more adaptable notion, is what makes it distinctive. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Gallery [ edit ] "Dendam Tak Sudah" tengkolok wore by Yang di-Pertuan Agong during coronation ceremony Collection of Tengkolok worn by Sultan for all Malay states except Johor which Sultan of Johor wore a crown due to influence from the British Empire. Each tengkolok has different styles as there has to contain symbols and meanings. A Sumatran variant type of tengkolok worn by royal princes from Deli, Langkat and Serdang Kingdom of North Sumatra (/wiki/North_Sumatra) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) Tengkolok being worn by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah) Different types of Brunei tengolok on display See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Malaysia portal (/wiki/Portal:Malaysia) Singapore portal (/wiki/Portal:Singapore) National costume of Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Culture of Indonesia (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) Malaysian cultural outfits (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Culture of Malaysia (/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia) Culture of Brunei (/wiki/Culture_of_Brunei) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) - Javanese people (/wiki/Javanese_people) counterpart Note [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-IDN_Tanjak_1-0) "Sering Salah Kira, Rupanya Ini Bentuk Tanjak Asli Palembang" (https://sumsel.idntimes.com/travel/journal/feny-agustin/sering-salah-kira-rupanya-ini-bentuk-tanjak-asli-palembang) . (Indonesian) ^ (#cite_ref-Binus_Tanjak_2-0) "Fashion Leadership Theory at Songket Lepus Palembang" (https://bnsd.binus.ac.id/fashion-design/2020/12/30/fashion-leadership-theory-at-songket-lepus-palembang/) . ^ (#cite_ref-Palembang_Tourism_Tanjak_3-0) "MENGENAL TANJAK PALEMBANG" (https://www.palembang-tourism.com/berita-795-mengenal-tanjak-palembang.html) . (Indonesian) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kanwil Sumsel (2019). "Sosialisasi SP2020 "Partisipasi Aktif Lembaga Pemerintah dan Swasta Dalam Menyukseskan Sensus Penduduk 2020" (https://sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id/berita-kanwil/berita-utama/3968-sosialisasi-sp2020-partisipasi-aktif-lembaga-pemerintah-dan-swasta-dalam-menyukseskan-sensus-penduduk-2020) " (https://sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id/berita-kanwil/berita-utama/3968-sosialisasi-sp2020-partisipasi-aktif-lembaga-pemerintah-dan-swasta-dalam-menyukseskan-sensus-penduduk-2020) . sumsel.kemenkumham.go.id (in Indonesian). Kantor Wilayah Sumatera Selatan - Kementerian Hukum dan Ham Republik Indonesia . Retrieved 7 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kumparan_Minangkabau_5-0) "Mendalami Suku Minang, dari Adat dan Budaya hingga Keseniannya" (https://m.kumparan.com/berita-hari-ini/mendalami-suku-minang-dari-adat-dan-budaya-hingga-keseniannya-1up1PyBShwy) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Carian Umum" (https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=tengkolok) . prpm.dbp.gov.my . Retrieved 2023-01-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tribun_Tanjak_7-0) "Mengenal Sejarah Tanjak Khas Palembang, Sudah Ada Sejak Abad Ke-8 Kerajaan Sriwijaya" (https://palembang.tribunnews.com/2020/10/02/mengenal-sejarah-tanjak-khas-palembang-sudah-ada-sejak-abad-ke-8-kerajaan-sriwijaya) . (Indonesia) ^ Jump up to: a b "Memartabatkan seni warisan tambatan dastar » Media Permata Online" (https://mediapermata.com.bn/memartabatkan-seni-warisan-tambatan-dastar/) . Memartabatkan seni warisan tambatan dastar . 2022-11-03 . Retrieved 2023-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tribun_Tanjak_Melayu_9-0) "Arti Tanjak Bagi Orang Melayu" (https://pekanbaru.tribunnews.com/2017/02/03/arti-tanjak-bagi-orang-melayu?page=2) . (Indonesian) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Tanjak Warisan Melayu (http://resam-melayu.com/2009/12/tanjak-warisan-melayu.html) , Resam Melayu. Diambil pada 3 Mac 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Penyolek tengkolok warisan » Media Permata Online" (https://mediapermata.com.bn/penyolek-tengkolok-warisan/) . Penyolek tengkolok warisan . 2017-05-13 . Retrieved 2023-12-03 . v t e Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Hats (/wiki/Hat) caps (/wiki/Cap) General Asian conical (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Easter (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Fez (hat) (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Kofia (/wiki/Kofia_(hat)) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Salako (/wiki/Salako) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Straw (/wiki/Straw_hat) Sun (/wiki/Sun_hat) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Military Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Mitznefet (/wiki/Mitznefet_(Israeli_military)) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Wrapped Do-rag (/wiki/Do-rag) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Tengkolok Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Crowns (/wiki/Crown) and bands Astral (/wiki/Astral_crown) Chaplet (/wiki/Chaplet_(headgear)) Circlet (/wiki/Circlet) Camp (/wiki/Camp_crown) Consort (/wiki/Consort_crown) Corolla (/wiki/Corolla_(headgear)) Coronation (/wiki/Coronation_crown) Coronet (/wiki/Coronet) Diadem (/wiki/Diadem) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_crown) Ferronnière (/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) Hoop (/wiki/Hoop_crown) Imperial (/wiki/Imperial_crown) Makuṭa (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Naval (/wiki/Naval_crown) Queen's (/wiki/Queen%27s_Crown) State (/wiki/State_crown) Tiara (/wiki/Tiara) Wreath (/wiki/Wreath_(attire)) ( laurel (/wiki/Laurel_wreath) ) Helmets (/wiki/Helmet) Combat (/wiki/Combat_helmet) Boar's tusk (/wiki/Boar%27s_tusk_helmet) Ilyrian (/wiki/Illyrian_type_helmet) Corinthian (/wiki/Corinthian_helmet) Chalcidian (/wiki/Chalcidian_helmet) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_helmet) Imperial (/wiki/Imperial_helmet) Lamellenhelm (/wiki/Lamellenhelm) Great (/wiki/Great_helm) Barbute (/wiki/Barbute) Close (/wiki/Close_helmet) Morion (/wiki/Morion_(helmet)) Sallet (/wiki/Sallet) Lobster-tailed pot (/wiki/Lobster-tailed_pot_helmet) Kulah khud (/wiki/Kulah_khud) Kabuto (/wiki/Kabuto) Dragoon (/wiki/Dragoon_helmet) Pickelhaube (/wiki/Pickelhaube) Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_helmet) Brodie (/wiki/Brodie_helmet) Stahlhelm (/wiki/Stahlhelm) M33 (/wiki/M33_helmet) Advanced Combat (/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet) Enhanced Combat (US) (/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(United_States)) Flight (/wiki/Flight_helmet) Mk 7 (/wiki/Mk_7_helmet) Paratrooper (/wiki/Paratrooper_helmet) Vocational Firefighter (/wiki/Firefighter%27s_helmet) Hard hat (/wiki/Hard_hat) Welding (/wiki/Welding_helmet) Sport Batting (/wiki/Batting_helmet) Bicycle (/wiki/Bicycle_helmet) Football (/wiki/Football_helmet) Motorcycle (/wiki/Motorcycle_helmet) Racing (/wiki/Racing_helmet) Other protective (/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Earmuffs (/wiki/Earmuffs) Earplug (/wiki/Earplug) Face shield (/wiki/Face_shield) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Padded headgear (/wiki/Headgear_(martial_arts)) Scarf (/wiki/Scarf) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Hairwear and other items Barrette (/wiki/Barrette) Bumpits (/wiki/Bumpits) Claw clip (/wiki/Claw_clip) Deely bobber (/wiki/Deely_bobber) Dush-toh (/wiki/Dush-toh) Hair drop (/wiki/Hair_drop) Hair tie (/wiki/Hair_tie) Hairnet (/wiki/Hairnet) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Headphones (/wiki/Headphones) Headpiece (/wiki/Headpiece) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Peineta (/wiki/Peineta_(comb)) Peinetón (/wiki/Peinet%C3%B3n) Scrunchie (/wiki/Scrunchie) Shpitzel (/wiki/Shpitzel) Eyewear Eyeglasses (/wiki/Glasses) Browline (/wiki/Browline_glasses) Bug-eye (/wiki/Bug-eye_glasses) Cat eye (/wiki/Cat_eye_glasses) GI (/wiki/GI_glasses) Goggles (/wiki/Goggles) Horn-rimmed glasses (/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses) Pince-nez (/wiki/Pince-nez) Lensless (/wiki/Lensless_glasses) Lorgnette (/wiki/Lorgnette) Monocle (/wiki/Monocle) Rimless (/wiki/Rimless_eyeglasses) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_sunglasses) Glacier (/wiki/Sunglasses#Sports) Iggaak (/wiki/Snow_goggles) Mirrored (/wiki/Mirrored_sunglasses) Solar viewer (/wiki/Solar_viewer) Shutter shades (/wiki/Shutter_shades) Teashades (/wiki/Sunglasses#Teashades) Wayfarer (/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer) Head-mounted display (/wiki/Head-mounted_display) List of headwear (/wiki/List_of_headgear) v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) Gache (/wiki/Gache) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Hwagwan (/wiki/Hwagwan) Jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) Manggeon (/wiki/Wangjin) South Bhutan Gho (/wiki/Gho) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) India (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Nepal (/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistani_clothing) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Perak (/wiki/Perak_(headdress)) Peshawari pagri (/wiki/Peshawari_turban) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Southeast Burma (/wiki/Burmese_clothing) Longyi (/wiki/Longyi) Gaung baung (/wiki/Gaung_baung) Cambodia (/wiki/Khmer_clothing) Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Baju bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kupiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tanjak Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Laos (/wiki/Culture_of_Laos#Traditional_clothing) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tengkolok Philippines (/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines) Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) Baro't saya (/wiki/Baro%27t_saya) Buntal hat (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Malong (/wiki/Malong) Maria Clara gown (/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown) Patadyong (/wiki/Patadyong) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Thailand (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Banong (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Banong) Chong kraben (/wiki/Chong_kraben) Chut Thai (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Formal Chut Thai (/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume) Pha khao ma (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma) Pha nung (/wiki/Pha_nung) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Sabai (/wiki/Sabai) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Tabengman (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Áo bà ba (/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba) Áo dài (/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) Áo giao lĩnh (/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh) Áo tứ thân (/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n) Middle East Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Assyria (/wiki/Assyrian_clothing) Bisht (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Izaar (/wiki/Izaar) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Sheitel (/wiki/Sheitel) Tallit (/wiki/Tallit) Tallit katan (/wiki/Tallit_katan) Tefillin (/wiki/Tefillin) Tzitzit (/wiki/Tzitzit) Jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kurdish (/wiki/Kurdish_clothing) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Palestine (/wiki/Palestinian_costumes) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Hejazi (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) Europe Balkan Traditional Albanian clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing) Brez (/wiki/Brez_(clothing)) Çorape (/wiki/%C3%87orape) Opinga (/wiki/Opinga) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Xhamadan (/wiki/Xhamadan) Xhubleta (/wiki/Xhubleta) Aromanian (/w/index.php?title=Aromanian_traditional_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Croatia (/wiki/Croatian_national_costume) Fustanella (/wiki/Fustanella) Greek (/wiki/Greek_dress) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Macedonia (/wiki/Macedonian_national_costume) Romania (/wiki/Romanian_dress) Serbia (/wiki/Serbian_traditional_clothing) Kosovo (/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo) British Isles Britain Country (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Court (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Windsor uniform (/wiki/Windsor_uniform) Ireland (/wiki/Irish_clothing) Scottish highlands (/wiki/Highland_dress) Aboyne (/wiki/Aboyne_dress) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Kilt (/wiki/Kilt) Sporran (/wiki/Sporran) Wales (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) Central Dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) Lederhosen (/wiki/Lederhosen) Poland (/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland) Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) Eastern Armenia (/wiki/Armenian_dress) Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing) Kelaghayi (/wiki/Kelaghayi) Ukraine (/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing) Kobeniak (/wiki/Kobeniak) Kozhukh (/wiki/Kozhukh) Kozhushanka (/wiki/Kozhushanka) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Sharovary (/wiki/Sharovary) Vyshyvanka (/wiki/Vyshyvanka) Ukrainian wreath (/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath) Russia Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Lapti (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Western Netherlands Poffer (/wiki/Poffer) Kraplap (/wiki/Kraplap) Oorijzer (/wiki/Oorijzer) France Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) Spain Traje de flamenca (/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Cachirulo (/wiki/Cachirulo) Cordovan hat (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Italy Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Scandinavian Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) Iceland (/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume) Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming) Nationella dräkten (/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten) Bäckadräkten (/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten) Sverigedräkten (/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1) South America Aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) Chile Chamanto (/wiki/Chamanto) Chilote cap (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Chilote poncho (/wiki/Chilote_poncho) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Guayabera (/wiki/Guayabera) Liqui liqui (/wiki/Liqui_liqui) Lliklla (/wiki/Lliklla) Panama hat (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pollera (/wiki/Pollera) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) North America Inuit skin clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Tignon (/wiki/Tignon) Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) Western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) Bolo tie (/wiki/Bolo_tie) Chaps (/wiki/Chaps) Huipil (/wiki/Huipil) Mexico Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Mexican pointy boots (/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots) Rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) Serape (/wiki/Serape) Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Quechquemitl (/wiki/Quechquemitl) Oceania Grass skirt (/wiki/Grass_skirt) Feather cloak (/wiki/Feather_cloak) I-sala (/wiki/I-sala) Lap-lap (/wiki/Lap-lap) Lavalava (/wiki/Lavalava) Kiekie (/wiki/Kiekie_(clothing)) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Sulu (/wiki/Sulu_(skirt)) Taʻovala (/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala) Tēfui (/wiki/T%C4%93fui) Tupenu (/wiki/Tupenu) v t e Indonesian clothing (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Clothing identified with Indonesian culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) and still worn today Textiles and weaving Geringsing (/wiki/Geringsing) Kain Bali (/wiki/Balinese_textiles) Kain Sumba (/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba) Kain kulit kayu (/wiki/Barkcloth) Lurik Songket (/wiki/Songket) Tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Indonesian_weaving_style)) Tenun (/wiki/Tenun) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Dyeing Batik (/wiki/Batik) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Jumputan (/wiki/Tie-dye) Prada Clothing Angkin (/wiki/Sash) Baju Bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Baju kain rumput Baju Koko Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Beskap Cawat (/wiki/Loincloth) Kain jarik Kain panjang Kain samping (/wiki/Samping) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kemeja Batik (/wiki/Batik) Koje Koteka (/wiki/Koteka) Rok Rumbia Sarung (/wiki/Sarong) Selendang (/wiki/Sash) Surjan Uis Gara Headgear Beluko Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Caping (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Iket Jamang Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Kerudung (/wiki/Veil) Kopiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Konde or sanggul (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( hair extension (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) ) Makuta (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Peci (/wiki/Songkok) Siger Suntiang Tanjak (/wiki/Tanjak) (destar) Tengkuluk Tudung (/wiki/Tudong) Udeng Jewelry and ornaments Anting-anting (/wiki/Earring) Cincin (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) Gelang (/wiki/Bracelet) Giwang Gesper (/wiki/Belt_buckle) Kembang goyang (cunduk mentul) Kelat bahu (/wiki/Arm_ring) Kerongsang Pending Sabuk (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Subang Sumping Tusuk konde (/wiki/Hairpin) Upawita (/wiki/Upavita) Armour Baju Empurau (/wiki/Baju_Empurau) Baju Lamina (/wiki/Baju_Lamina) Baju Rantai (/wiki/Baju_Rantai) Baru Lema'a (/wiki/Baru_Lema%27a) Baru Öröba (/wiki/Baru_%C3%96r%C3%B6ba) Karambalangan (/wiki/Karambalangan) Kawaca (/wiki/Kawaca) Siping-siping (/wiki/Siping-siping) Footwear Bakiak (kelom) (/wiki/Clog) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Selop Sepatu v t e Malaysian clothing (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Textiles Batik (/wiki/Malaysian_batik) Blok (/wiki/Batik) Canting (/wiki/Canting) Ikat Celup (/wiki/Tie-dye) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Pua (/wiki/Pua_Kumbu) Loseng Limar Cindai (/wiki/Patola_sari) Kulit Kayu (/wiki/Barkcloth) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Tenun (/wiki/Tenun_Pahang_Diraja) Traditional Baju (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Badu Badu Sipak Baju Batik (/wiki/Malaysian_batik) Baju Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Lok Chuan (/wiki/Changshan) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Baju Muskat (/wiki/Regalia_of_Malaysia#Royal_attire,_Muskat) Baju Panjang (/wiki/Peranakans#culture) Baju Sikap Kain (/wiki/Textile) Kelubung/Kemban (/wiki/Kemben) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Telekong Kelambi Cawat (/wiki/Loincloth) Headgear Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) Ketapu (/wiki/Katapu) Kopiah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)#Malaysia) Mahkota/Ketopong (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Pemeleh Selayah (/wiki/Kerikam#Tudung_Keringkam) Selendang (/wiki/Kerikam#Tudung_Keringkam) Semutar Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tengkolok/Tanjak Terendak (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Belts and sashes Bengkung (/wiki/Corset) Rawai Tinggi (/wiki/Corset) Samping (/wiki/Samping) Sebai (/wiki/Sbai) Selempang (/wiki/Sash) Tali Pinggang (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Footwear Capal (/wiki/Sandal) Kasut (/wiki/Slipper) Kasut Getah (/wiki/Adidas_Kampung) Kasut Manik (/wiki/Peranakan_beaded_slippers) Kasut Tekat (/wiki/Embroidery) Selipar (/wiki/Flip-flops) Terompah (/wiki/Clog) Accessories Aigrette (/wiki/Aigrette) Butang (/wiki/Button) Canggai (/wiki/Artificial_nails) Caping Cincin (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) Gandik (/wiki/Tiara) Giring-giring (/wiki/Jingle_bell) Kamar Kancing (/wiki/Cufflink) Kancing Halkah Kantung (/wiki/Coin_purse) Kerongsang (/wiki/Brooch) Pending (/wiki/Regalia_of_Malaysia#Royal_buckle) Rantai/Gelang Agok/Dokoh (/wiki/Locket) Kalung (/wiki/Pendant) Pontoh (/wiki/Arm_ring) Rantai Kaki (/wiki/Anklet) Rantai Leher (/wiki/Necklace) Rantai Tangan (/wiki/Bracelet) Gelang (/wiki/Bangle) Sibar Layang/Teratai Subang (/wiki/Earring) Anting-anting Sunting (/wiki/Suntiang) Bunga Malai (/wiki/Phuang_malai) Cucuk Sanggul (/wiki/Hairpin) Sisir (/wiki/Barrette) Gajah Olen Gempa Sunting Sanggul Lintang Sarempak Garigai Sugu Tinggi NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐h6k4q Cached time: 20240720113601 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.480 seconds Real time usage: 0.709 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1646/1000000 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Indian actress (born 1995) In this Indian name (/wiki/Indian_name) , the name Natesh is a patronymic (/wiki/Patronymic) , and the person should be referred to by the given name (/wiki/Given_name) , Nabha . Nabha Natesh Nabha in 2021 Born ( 1995-12-11 ) 11 December 1995 (age 28) Occupations Actress model Years active 2015–present Nabha Natesh ( pronounced [nəbha (/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu) nət̪ɛʃ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu) ; born 11 December 1995) is an Indian actress and model and actress who primarily appears in Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_cinema) films. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) She made her debut with Kannada (/wiki/Kannada_cinema) film Vajrakaya (/wiki/Vajrakaya) (2015) and later in Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_cinema) with Nannu Dochukunduvate (/wiki/Nannu_Dochukunduvate) (2018). [3] (#cite_note-3) She had her breakthrough with iSmart Shankar (/wiki/ISmart_Shankar) in 2019 due to which she is popularly referred as "Ismart Beauty" in the media (/wiki/Mass_media) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life and education [ edit ] Nabha went to school in her home town Sringeri (/wiki/Sringeri) and she then studied engineering in Information Technology from N.M.A.M. Institute of Technology (/wiki/N.M.A.M._Institute_of_Technology) , Udupi (/wiki/Udupi) , Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) . She started modelling along with acting in plays under National Award-winning director Prakash Belawadi (/wiki/Prakash_Belawadi) . She has trained in Bharatanatyam and choreographed and danced in multiple competitions during her school and college days. She underwent acting training at Abhinaya Taranga and her theatre career was started under Belawadi. [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] Debut and breakthrough (2015–17) [ edit ] Nabha made her acting debut at the age of 19, [7] (#cite_note-7) opposite Kannada (/wiki/Kannada) actor Shiva Rajkumar (/wiki/Shiva_Rajkumar) , in the 2015 film Vajrakaya (/wiki/Vajrakaya) , which went on to complete over 100-days in multiple theatres in Karnataka (/wiki/Karnataka) . [8] (#cite_note-thehindu-8) [9] (#cite_note-thehindu2-9) [10] (#cite_note-newindianexpress-10) [11] (#cite_note-indiatimes4-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) She has received critical appraisal from both critics and audience, critics heaped praise on her performance. Deccan Chronicle (/wiki/Deccan_Chronicle) ' s writer noted that "Nabha Natesh as Pataka who "fires up" the screen space for a little longer than the others." [13] (#cite_note-13) Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) ' s writer states that "Nabha Natesh is impressive as the tapori taking on Shivaraj Kumar" [14] (#cite_note-14) Sify (/wiki/Sify) ' s writer claimed that "Nabha Natesh has done justice to her role" [15] (#cite_note-15) Indiaglitz ' s writer states that "Nabha Natesh conquers the heart from her dashing role. She is like wind." [16] (#cite_note-16) and she was nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut –Kannada (/wiki/Filmfare) . In 2017, she acted in Lee (/wiki/Lee_(2017_film)) film opposite Sumanth Shailendra (/wiki/Sumanth_Shailendra) . In the same year she features in a special song in the film, Saheba (/wiki/Saheba_(film)) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Tollywood debut and recognition (2018–19) [ edit ] Nabha made her Telugu film debut opposite Sudheer Babu (/wiki/Sudheer_Babu) in Nannu Dochukunduvate (/wiki/Nannu_Dochukunduvate) in 2018. Deccan Chronicle (/wiki/Deccan_Chronicle) ' s writer stated, "The film is a perfect launch vehicle for Nabha, who is a livewire and completely steals the show." [18] (#cite_note-18) 123telugu ' s writer said that "Nabha Natesh as she makes a striking debut. She is the life and soul of the film as Nabha breathes life into the role of Meghana." [19] (#cite_note-19) Times Of India (/wiki/Times_Of_India) ' s writer states that "Nabha Natesh unleashes the livewire in her effectively amidst these characters." [20] (#cite_note-20) Indiagltz ' s writer writes that "Overall, the performance is a treat, complete with a heroine who gets to speak so much, Nabha is chirpy." [21] (#cite_note-21) Telugu360 ' s writer noted that "New heroine Nabha is a good find, she suited Meghana role. Her bubbly characterization, new backdrop as a short film actress bring additional appeal to her role." [22] (#cite_note-22) Nabha in 2019 during the promotion of iSmart Shankar (/wiki/ISmart_Shankar) film In 2019, she starred opposite Ram Pothineni (/wiki/Ram_Pothineni) in iSmart Shankar (/wiki/ISmart_Shankar) , which opened to decent reviews upon the release and went on to become a commercial hit at the box office and completed 100 days. [23] (#cite_note-23) Perception about her started to change with the success of the film ismart. New Indian Express reported, "She is reckoned as a new-gen actor, who can breathe life into any character she portrays." [24] (#cite_note-24) The speech that Nabha Natesh made during the pre-release of Ismart Shankar received a viral response, reaching 1 million views in less than 24 hours. [25] (#cite_note-25) Neeshita Nyayapati of Times Of India (/wiki/Times_Of_India) stated "Nabha however delivers an earnest performance with what she's offered." [26] (#cite_note-26) Editor of 123telugu.com claimed "Nabha Natesh is impressive as Chandni and provides superb eye candy for the masses." [27] (#cite_note-27) Editor of idlebrain.com wrote "Nabha Natesh did a mass character. She oozes glamour and did well." [28] (#cite_note-28) Editor of andhraboxoffice states "Nabha is pretty good and proves to be an able female protagonist." [29] (#cite_note-29) Continued career (2020–present) [ edit ] In 2020, Nabha starred opposite Ravi Teja (/wiki/Ravi_Teja) in Disco Raja (/wiki/Disco_Raja) , opened to mixed reviews and turned out be a box office failure. [30] (#cite_note-30) Later she acted in Solo Brathuke So Better (/wiki/Solo_Brathuke_So_Better) , which opened to decent reviews from the audience and critics upon the release and went on to become a commercial hit at the box office. [31] (#cite_note-31) Nabha has received an applause for her character in the film as Amrutha. [32] (#cite_note-It-32) Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) wrote "Nabha's character Amrutha is being liked by viewers. Her acting is receiving special attention of the fans. The talented actor's career has been soaring ever since she starred in the 2019 sci-fi action drama, iSmartShankar." [33] (#cite_note-33) 123 Telugu writer states "Nabha too got a lot of appreciation for her role as Amrutha. Especially, Tej and Nabha looked fresh on the screen and the comedy track between them was well received. She delivered a sensible and entertaining performance and showed her class." [34] (#cite_note-34) In 2021, Nabha starred in Alludu Adhurs (/wiki/Alludu_Adhurs) co-starring Bellamkonda Sreenivas (/wiki/Bellamkonda_Sreenivas) and Sonu Sood (/wiki/Sonu_Sood) . Her next film Maestro (/wiki/Maestro_(2021_film)) , was directly released on Hotstar (/wiki/Hotstar) . She starred alongside Nithiin (/wiki/Nithiin) and Tamannaah (/wiki/Tamannaah) . [35] (#cite_note-35) Personal life [ edit ] Nabha has a brother, Nahush Chakravarthy, who is an upcoming actor in Kannada cinema. [36] (#cite_note-36) Filmography [ edit ] List of films and roles Year Title Role Language Notes Ref. 2015 Vajrakaya (/wiki/Vajrakaya) "Pathakha" Parvathi Kannada (/wiki/Kannada) 2017 Lee (/wiki/Lee_(2017_film)) Leela Saheba (/wiki/Saheba_(film)) Herself Special appearance in the song "Yaare Ninu Roza Huve" 2018 Nannu Dochukunduvate (/wiki/Nannu_Dochukunduvate) Siri/Meghana Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_language) Adhugo (/wiki/Adhugo_(2018)) Raji 2019 iSmart Shankar (/wiki/ISmart_Shankar) Chandni 2020 Disco Raja (/wiki/Disco_Raja) Nabha Solo Brathuke So Better (/wiki/Solo_Brathuke_So_Better) Amrutha 2021 Alludu Adhurs (/wiki/Alludu_Adhurs) Koumudi Reddy [37] (#cite_note-37) Maestro (/wiki/Maestro_(2021_film)) Sophie [38] (#cite_note-38) 2024 Darling Anandi [39] (#cite_note-39) TBA Swayambhu TBA Filming Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Award Category Work Result Ref. 2016 63rd Filmfare Awards South (/wiki/63rd_Filmfare_Awards_South) Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada (/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Kannada) Vajrakaya (/wiki/Vajrakaya) Nominated [40] (#cite_note-40) 2019 8th South Indian International Movie Awards (/wiki/8th_South_Indian_International_Movie_Awards) Best Female Debut – Telugu (/wiki/SIIMA_Award_for_Best_Female_Debut_%E2%80%93_Telugu) Nannu Dochukunduvate (/wiki/Nannu_Dochukunduvate) Nominated [41] (#cite_note-41) 2021 9th South Indian International Movie Awards (/wiki/9th_South_Indian_International_Movie_Awards) Best Actress – Telugu (/wiki/SIIMA_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Telugu) Solo Brathuke So Better (/wiki/Solo_Brathuke_So_Better) Nominated [42] (#cite_note-42) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Payal Rajput set to romance Ravi Teja along with Nabha Natesh?" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/payal-rajput-set-to-romance-ravi-teja-along-with-nabha-natesh/articleshow/66428412.cms) . The Times of India . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181105081159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/payal-rajput-set-to-romance-ravi-teja-along-with-nabha-natesh/articleshow/66428412.cms) from the original on 5 November 2018 . Retrieved 24 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "It's a Kannada girl for Ganesh!" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/its-a-kannada-girl-for-ganesh/articleshow/47999815.cms) . The Times of India . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221024121859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/its-a-kannada-girl-for-ganesh/articleshow/47999815.cms) from the original on 24 October 2022 . Retrieved 24 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Who is Nabha Natesh? Here's What We Know About The Famous Actor" (https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/who-is-nabha-natesh/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210715092729/https://www.shethepeople.tv/shestars/who-is-nabha-natesh/) from the original on 15 July 2021 . Retrieved 15 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "In PICS: Quarantine life of "iSmart" beauty Nabha Natesh" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/in-pics-quarantine-life-of-ismart-beauty-nabha-natesh/photostory/76568658.cms) . The Times of India . 25 June 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220418182514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/in-pics-quarantine-life-of-ismart-beauty-nabha-natesh/photostory/76568658.cms) from the original on 18 April 2022 . Retrieved 23 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "అవి అందాలా? లేక న్యూక్లియర్ బాంబులా? 'ఇస్మార్ట్' బ్యూటీ నభా నటేష్ హాట్ షో!" 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External links [ edit ] Nabha Natesh (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7387710/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Nabha Natesh (https://www.facebook.com/nabha.natesh) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Films (/wiki/Portal:Films) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Nabha Natesh at Wikipedia's sister projects : Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nabha_Natesh) from Commons Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21036716) from Wikidata NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐vlbwg Cached time: 20240720090708 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.691 seconds Real time usage: 0.892 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4189/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 102108/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2602/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 172646/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.445/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8583702/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 817.888 1 -total 37.20% 304.257 1 Template:Reflist 30.49% 249.362 39 Template:Cite_web 22.41% 183.259 1 Template:Infobox_person 10.54% 86.233 1 Template:Subject_bar 9.20% 75.234 1 Template:Short_description 7.51% 61.464 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.77% 47.216 2 Template:Pagetype 5.62% 45.950 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 4.50% 36.813 1 Template:Hlist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47749829-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720090708 and revision id 1235626504. 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This is the latest accepted revision (/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes) , reviewed (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Mawra_Hocane) on 15 July 2024 . Pakistani actress (born 1992) Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( March 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Mawra Hocane Hocane promoting Sanam Teri Kasam (/wiki/Sanam_Teri_Kasam_(2016_film)) in 2016 Born Mawra Hussain ( 1992-09-28 ) 28 September 1992 (age 31) [1] (#cite_note-Dunya_News-1) Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) , Sindh (/wiki/Sindh) , Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) Nationality Pakistani (/wiki/Pakistani_people) Education University of London (/wiki/University_of_London) ( LL.B (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws) ) [2] (#cite_note-deg1-2) [3] (#cite_note-deg2-3) Occupations Actress Model Years active 2011–present Height 174 cm (5 ft 9 in) Relatives Urwa Hocane (/wiki/Urwa_Hocane) (sister) Farhan Saeed (/wiki/Farhan_Saeed) (brother-in-law) Mawra Hussain ( Urdu (/wiki/Urdu_language) : ماورہ حسین ; born 28 September 1992), known professionally as Mawra Hocane , is a Pakistani (/wiki/Pakistani_people) actress who primarily works in Urdu (/wiki/Urdu) television. [1] (#cite_note-Dunya_News-1) She made her acting debut in 2011 with Khichari Salsa (/wiki/Khichari) . [4] (#cite_note-Name-4) She made her Bollywood (/wiki/Bollywood) debut with the romantic tragedy, Sanam Teri Kasam (/wiki/Sanam_Teri_Kasam_(2016_film)) (2016) and her Pakistani (/wiki/Pakistani) film debut in 2018 with the comedy drama Jawani Phir Nahi Ani 2 (/wiki/Jawani_Phir_Nahi_Ani_2) . [5] (#cite_note-ramp-5) Hocane has received praise for her portrayals of Nadia in Ek Tamanna Lahasil Si (/wiki/Ek_Tamanna_Lahasil_Si) (2012), Haya in Aahista Aahista (/wiki/Aahista_Aahista) (2014), Sammi in Sammi (/wiki/Sammi_(TV_series)) (2017), Anaya Aziz in Sabaat (/wiki/Sabaat) (2020),and Mehrbano in Qissa Meherbano Ka (/wiki/Qissa_Meherbano_Ka) (2021). [6] (#cite_note-indc-6) She has received the Hum Award for Best Actress Popular (/wiki/Hum_Award_for_Best_Actress_Popular) nominations for Sammi and Qissa Meherbano Ka . [7] (#cite_note-7) Early life and family [ edit ] Hocane was born as Mawra Hussain on 28 September 1992 in Karachi, Sindh (/wiki/Karachi,_Sindh) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-MawraHBD-9) Actress Urwa Hocane (/wiki/Urwa_Hocane) is her elder sister, while actor Farhan Saeed (/wiki/Farhan_Saeed) is her brother-in-law. [10] (#cite_note-10) Hocane changed the spelling of her family name from "Hussain" to "Hocane", in 7th-grade to give it a unique spelling. [4] (#cite_note-Name-4) She holds a degree in law from the University of London (/wiki/University_of_London) , which she finished after returning to school. [11] (#cite_note-11) [2] (#cite_note-deg1-2) Career [ edit ] Hocane performed as a theatre artist before working as a VJ (/wiki/VJ_(media_personality)) at ARY Musik (/wiki/ARY_Musik) . [9] (#cite_note-MawraHBD-9) Hocane performed in the Pakistani television serial dramas Aahista Aahista (/wiki/Aahista_Aahista) , Ik Tamanna Lahasil Si (/wiki/Ik_Tamanna_Lahasil_Si) , and Nikhar Gaye Gulab Sare (/wiki/Nikhar_Gaye_Gulab_Sare) . [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2014, she portrayed the titular role of Bushra in ARY Digital's Mein Bushra (/wiki/Mein_Bushra) as a determined and capable daughter of a strict father. Hocane termed the project among her favourites. [13] (#cite_note-13) Hocane on Sanam Teri Kasam (/wiki/Sanam_Teri_Kasam_(2016_film)) set Hocane made her Hindi film (/wiki/Hindi_film) debut with the romantic tragedy Sanam Teri Kasam (/wiki/Sanam_Teri_Kasam_(2016_film)) opposite Harshvardhan Rane (/wiki/Harshvardhan_Rane) . [14] (#cite_note-tr-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) She portrayed a South Indian girl who works as a librarian. [16] (#cite_note-16) Hindustan Times (/wiki/Hindustan_Times) noted, "Mawra is a delight to watch as Saru. She slips into the demure character with ease and her get-up certainly adds to her persona." News18 (/wiki/News18) mentioned her as "one of the most incredible performer." [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2018, she made her Pakistani film debut with the romantic comedy Jawani Phir Nahi Ani 2 (/wiki/Jawani_Phir_Nahi_Ani_2) opposite Fahad Mustafa (/wiki/Fahad_Mustafa) . [19] (#cite_note-jpna2-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) The film is the second-highest-grossing Pakistani film (/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Pakistani_films) worldwide. Pakistan Today (/wiki/Pakistan_Today) noted, "Mawra is a good addition to the film and she nailed her character of a spoilt, young heiress." [21] (#cite_note-21) From 2018 to 2019, she narrated and appeared in the period drama Aangan (/wiki/Aangan_(Hum_TV_series)) based on Khadija Mastoor (/wiki/Khadija_Mastoor) 's novel of the same name (/wiki/Aangan_(novel)) . Hocane portrayed a resilient girl who observes bitter experiences regarding men's love. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2019, she appeared as the juvenile and bubbly Sunehri in Daasi (/wiki/Daasi_(TV_series)) . [23] (#cite_note-23) Her next role of a headstrong and ambitious university student in Sabaat (/wiki/Sabaat) earned her dual nominations of Best TV Actress at 20th Lux Style Awards (/wiki/20th_Lux_Style_Awards) . [24] (#cite_note-24) In 2021, she played title role of a victim of domestic abuse and marital rape in Qissa Meherbano Ka (/wiki/Qissa_Meherbano_Ka) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Her first role in 2023 was of a determined philanthropist Zimal Riyasat in Neem (/wiki/Neem_(TV_series)) . [26] (#cite_note-26) She later appeared as an innocent teen Rishtina who discovers the world after spending twenty years of her life in a basement in Kashmiri's directed Nauroz (/wiki/Nauroz_(TV_series)) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Hocane had her first role in 2024 in the comedy Let's Try Mohabbat , where she portrayed a newlywed bride who changes the perspectives of her in-laws with her arrival. [28] (#cite_note-28) She is currently appearing in Jafaa as a gynecologist Dr. Zara who is coping with her troubled marriage. [29] (#cite_note-29) Other work and media image [ edit ] Hocane at an event Hocane has established herself as one of the leading Urdu television actress. In 2016, Hocane ranked 6th in "HIP Top 10" list for her "strong and vocal personality". [30] (#cite_note-30) Hocane modelled in "Hum Bridal Couture Week" in 2018, for designer Nilofer Shahid. She was the show stopper for designer HSY creation (/wiki/Hassan_Sheheryar_Yasin) . [5] (#cite_note-ramp-5) She has also done various photoshoots for "Eid Collections" and for designers. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) She serves as an ambassador for a number of brands such as Glow & Lovely (/wiki/Glow_%26_Lovely) and Lay's (/wiki/Lay%27s) . [33] (#cite_note-33) Hocane launched her clothing line named "UXM", in collaboration with her sister Urwa Hocane (/wiki/Urwa_Hocane) , in June 2019. [34] (#cite_note-34) In 2022, she also launched her own YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) channel named "M Live". [35] (#cite_note-35) Controversy [ edit ] Hocane once tweeted about the Indian film Phantom (/wiki/Phantom_(2015_film)) , which was banned in Pakistan, prompting social media harassment. [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) Filmography [ edit ] Key † denotes film / drama that has not released yet Films [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2016 Sanam Teri Kasam (/wiki/Sanam_Teri_Kasam_(2016_film)) Saraswati "Saru" Parthasarthy Bollywood film debut 2018 Jawani Phir Nahi Ani 2 (/wiki/Jawani_Phir_Nahi_Ani_2) Zoe Pakistani film debut [19] (#cite_note-jpna2-19) Television [ edit ] Year Serial Role Notes 2011 Khichari Salsa A-Plus TV (/wiki/A-Plus_TV) Love Ke Chucker Mein Kountry Luv (/wiki/Kountry_Luv) A-Plus TV 2012 Mere Huzoor (/wiki/Mere_Huzoor_(TV_series)) Amna Express Entertainment (/wiki/Express_Entertainment) Ik Tamanna Lahasil Si (/wiki/Ik_Tamanna_Lahasil_Si) Nadia Hum TV (/wiki/Hum_TV) Nikhar Gaye Gulab Sare (/wiki/Nikhar_Gaye_Gulab_Sare) Sheharyal Yahan Pyar Nahin Hai (/wiki/Yahan_Pyar_Nahin_Hai) Shumaila Hum TV Main Gunehgar Nahi (/wiki/Main_Gunehgar_Nahi) Amaara ARY Digital (/wiki/ARY_Digital) 2013 Halki si Khalish Hum TV [38] (#cite_note-38) Mere Harjai (/wiki/Mere_Harjai) Maha ARY Digital 2014 Billo Bablu Aur Bhaiyya [39] (#cite_note-39) Mein Bushra (/wiki/Mein_Bushra) [40] (#cite_note-40) Bushra Aahista Aahista (/wiki/Aahista_Aahista) Haya Hum TV [41] (#cite_note-41) Meri Wife Ke Liye ARY Digital Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (/wiki/Kitni_Girhain_Baaki_Hain) Hum TV 2015 Maryam (/wiki/Maryam_(TV_series)) Maryam Geo TV (/wiki/Geo_TV) [42] (#cite_note-42) Shareek-e-Hayat (/wiki/Shareek-e-Hayat) Hum TV 2016 Shadi Mubarak ARY Digital [43] (#cite_note-43) Haasil (/wiki/Haasil_(Pakistani_TV_series)) Hareem Geo TV 2017 Sammi (/wiki/Sammi_(TV_series)) Sammi Nominated — Hum Award for Best Actress Popular (/wiki/Hum_Award_for_Best_Actress_Popular) [44] (#cite_note-44) 2018 Aangan (/wiki/Aangan_(Hum_TV_series)) Aliya Hum TV 2019 Daasi (/wiki/Daasi_(TV_series)) Sunehri 2020 Sabaat (/wiki/Sabaat) Anaya Aziz 2021 Qissa Meherbano Ka (/wiki/Qissa_Meherbano_Ka) Mehrbano 2023 Neem (/wiki/Neem_(TV_series)) Zimal Riyasat 2023 Nauroz (/wiki/Nauroz_(TV_series)) Rishtina Green Entertainment (/w/index.php?title=Green_Entertainment&action=edit&redlink=1) 2024 Let's Try Mohabbat Fizza Chaudhary Green Entertainment [45] (#cite_note-45) 2024 Jafaa Zara Hum TV Telefilms 2012 Ghar Aae Mehman Hum TV 2015 Papa Razi ARY Digital Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Award Category Work Result Ref. 2013 1st Hum Awards (/wiki/1st_Hum_Awards) Best Soap Actress (/wiki/Hum_Award_for_Best_Soap_Actress) Nikhar Gaye Gulab Sare (/wiki/Nikhar_Gaye_Gulab_Sare) Nominated [46] (#cite_note-46) 2017 Masala! Awards Social Media Sensation — Won [47] (#cite_note-47) 2018 6th Hum Awards (/wiki/6th_Hum_Awards) Best Actress (/wiki/Hum_Award_for_Best_Actress) Sammi (/wiki/Sammi_(TV_series)) Nominated [48] (#cite_note-48) Best Actress Popular (/wiki/Hum_Award_for_Best_Actress_Popular) Nominated 2021 Lux Style Awards (/wiki/Lux_Style_Awards) Best TV Actress (Viewers' Choice) (/wiki/Lux_Style_Awards#Lux_Style_Award_for_Best_TV_Actress_(Viewers'_Choice)) Sabaat (/wiki/Sabaat) Nominated [49] (#cite_note-49) Best TV Actress (Critics' Choice) (/wiki/Lux_Style_Awards#Lux_Style_Award_for_Best_TV_Actress_(Critics)) Nominated 2022 8th Hum Awards (/wiki/8th_Hum_Awards) Best Actress Popular (/wiki/Hum_Award_for_Best_Actress_Popular) Qissa Meherbano Ka (/wiki/Qissa_Meherbano_Ka) Nominated [50] (#cite_note-50) Best Actress-Jury (/wiki/8th_Hum_Awards#Critics'_Choice_Awards) Nominated References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Mawra Hocane celebrates her birthday with family, friends - Entertainment" (https://dunyanews.tv/en/Entertainment/407412-Mawra-Hocane-celebrates-her-birthday-with-family,-friends) . 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Awards 2017" (https://www.masala.com/bollywood-news/here-are-all-the-celebrity-award-winners-at-masala-awards-2017-254826) . Masala . Retrieved 12 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Hum Awards 2018: Winners List" (https://www.bizasialive.com/live-hum-awards-2018-winners-list/) . BizAsia . Retrieved 29 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Lux Style Awards announces nominations for its 20th edition" (https://images.dawn.com/news/1188259) . Dawn Images . 26 August 2021 . Retrieved 19 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "8th Hum Awards Nominations 2022: See the Full List here" (https://www.magpakistan.com/hum-awards-nominations-2022-full-list/amp/) . megapakistan.com . Retrieved 8 September 2022 . External links [ edit ] Mawra Hocane (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7659189/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Pakistan portal (/wiki/Portal:Pakistan) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mawra Hocane (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mawra_Hocane) . 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Japanese sports clothing and accessories company Descente Ltd. Descente headquarters in Osaka, photographed in April 2019 Native name 株式会社デサント Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) K.K. (/wiki/Kabushiki_kaisha) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) TYO (/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange) : 8114 (https://www2.jpx.co.jp/tseHpFront/StockSearch.do?callJorEFlg=1&method=topsearch&topSearchStr=8114) ISIN (/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number) JP3548800006 Industry Apparel (/wiki/Textile_industry) Founded (February 1935 ; 89 years ago ( 1935-02 ) ) Founder Takeo Ishimoto Headquarters Dogashiba, Tennoji-ku (/wiki/Tenn%C5%8Dji-ku,_Osaka) , Osaka (/wiki/Osaka) , 543-8921 , Japan Area served Worldwide Key people Shuichi Koseki ( President (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) ) [1] (#cite_note-1) Products Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) Sport accessories Revenue JPY (/wiki/Japanese_yen) 123.1 billion ( FY (/wiki/Fiscal_year) 2014) ( US$ (/wiki/US_dollar) 1.1 billion) (FY 2014) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) JPY 6.5 billion (FY 2014) (US$ 59 million) (FY 2014) Number of employees 1,839 (as of March 31, 2015) Website descente.co.jp (https://www.descente.co.jp/en/) Footnotes / references [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Descente Ltd. ( 株式会社デサント , Kabushiki-gaisha Desanto ) is a Japanese sports clothing (/wiki/Sports_clothing) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) company, [5] (#cite_note-5) first formed in 1935, when Takeo Ishimoto started the company in Osaka (/wiki/Osaka) as Ishimoto Shoten. The company logo depicts 3 basic skiing techniques - traverse (/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)) , schuss (/wiki/Schuss) and side-slip. [6] (#cite_note-6) Descente owns a portfolio of 16 in-house, purchased and licensed brands, among them Descente, Shiseist, Arena (/wiki/Arena_(swimwear)) (in primarily Japan and the East Asia), Marmot (/wiki/Marmot_(company)) and Srixon (/wiki/Srixon) . [7] (#cite_note-7) History [ edit ] The forerunner of the company, a men's retail store called Ishimoto Shoten, was founded in 1935. It started developing skiwear in 1954, and registered the Descente trademark in 1961. The "Demopants" ski pants style was launched in 1974, followed in 1979 by the "Magic Suit". [8] (#cite_note-8) A wearable heating system called the "Mobile Thermo" jacket was introduced in 1998. In 2002, the company collaborated with Academy Award-winner (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design#1990s) art director and costume designer Eiko Ishioka (/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka) in creating the Vortex suits and uniforms, used by the Japanese, Swiss, Spanish and Canadian teams competing in the 2002 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Other developments since 2000 have included the Mizusawa Down range, the E-liner under-suit for ski and speed skating use, the ACXEL range of support bands and in 2012, Genome high performance compression wear. The company won an ISPO Gold Medal for its ALLTERRAIN (/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle) Transform Jacket in 2013. [11] (#cite_note-11) Sponsorships [ edit ] Rowing [ edit ] Descente have sponsored Cambridge University Boat Club (/wiki/Cambridge_University_Boat_Club) in the Lightweight Boat Races (/wiki/The_Lightweight_Boat_Races) since 2018. Speed-skating [ edit ] (Left) : Dominique Gisin (/wiki/Dominique_Gisin) and Lara Gut (/wiki/Lara_Gut) wearing Descente ski suits at the 2014 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics) ; (right) : Eric Heiden wearing a Descente racing suit at the 1980 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men (/wiki/World_Allround_Speed_Skating_Championships_for_Men) The company sponsored the United States speed-skating team in the 1970s and 1980s, including Eric Heiden (/wiki/Eric_Heiden) , who won five gold medals at the 1980 Winter Olympics (/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics#Men.27s_events) wearing the gold Descente racing suit. [12] (#cite_note-12) It was also a supplier to the Canadian speed-skating team. [13] (#cite_note-VeloNews-13) Skiing [ edit ] The United States Ski Team (/wiki/United_States_Ski_Team) , during the 1980s, and later, the Swiss alpine ski team was equipped with the company's skiwear (/wiki/Ski_suit) . [13] (#cite_note-VeloNews-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Bobsled, Skeleton & Luge [ edit ] Descente has equipped the German Bobled, Skeleton & Luge Team as the main sponsor. [16] (#cite_note-16) Cycling [ edit ] Descente has equipped the 7-Eleven Cycling Team (/wiki/7-Eleven_(cycling_team)) and Team CSC (/wiki/Tinkoff_(cycling_team)#Team_CSC:_2003.E2.80.932008) , two UCI World Tour (/wiki/UCI_World_Tour) competing teams. [13] (#cite_note-VeloNews-13) Baseball [ edit ] The company is the official apparel and uniform sponsor of the South Korea national baseball team (/wiki/South_Korea_national_baseball_team) having previously supplied South Korea's under-18 team. [17] (#cite_note-17) South Korea baseball team at a press conference before the 2014 Asian Games (/wiki/2014_Asian_Games) in Descente uniforms Motorcycle racing [ edit ] In February 2015, Yamaha Motor Racing (/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Racing) , a MotoGP World Championship (/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing) team, signed an Official sponsorship and Official Supplier agreement with Descente. [18] (#cite_note-18) Triathlon [ edit ] In April 2017, Descente became the Sports Apparel Sponsor to British Triathlon (/wiki/British_Triathlon_Federation) , supplying the Great Britain Elite and Age-Group Teams with competition, training and travel wear. [19] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "President's Message" (https://www.descente.co.jp/en/ir/message/) . Retrieved January 10, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Profile" (http://www.descente.co.jp/company/en/profile/) . Descente . Retrieved February 29, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Company Profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160307062645/http://asia.nikkei.com/Company/05J3S5-E) . Nikkei Asian Review (/wiki/Nikkei_Asian_Review) . Nikkei Inc. (/wiki/Nikkei_Inc.) Archived from the original (http://asia.nikkei.com/Company/05J3S5-E) on March 7, 2016 . Retrieved February 29, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) ASIA Major Wholesalers & Retailers . Business Information Agency. 2011. p. 83. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4187-8514-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Lee, Jeong-min (April 11, 2011). "데상트코리아 풀 스토리" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151001104633/http://www.fashionbiz.co.kr/BR/?cate=2&idx=122122) . Fashionbiz. Archived from the original (http://www.fashionbiz.co.kr/BR/?cate=2&idx=122122) on October 1, 2015 . Retrieved September 30, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Ski Wear by Descente" (http://www.snowkings.co.uk/gear/clothing/brands/descente/descente-ski-wear.htm) . Snow Kings . Retrieved February 29, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Doran, Jon (August 6, 2015). "Descente Acquires Majority Share In inov-8" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160307094556/http://www.outdoorsmagic.com/gear-news/descente-acquires-majority-share-in-inov-8/14549.html) . OutdoorsMagic.com . Immediate Media Company (/wiki/Immediate_Media_Company) . Archived from the original (http://www.outdoorsmagic.com/gear-news/descente-acquires-majority-share-in-inov-8/14549.html) on March 7, 2016 . Retrieved February 29, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Shishoo, Roshan (August 29, 2005). Textiles in Sport . Elsevier (/wiki/Elsevier) . p. 52. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84569-088-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Jaffe, Andrew (September 24, 2003). Casting for Big Ideas: A New Manifesto for Agency Managers . John Wiley & Sons (/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons) . p. 196 (https://archive.org/details/castingforbigide00jaff/page/n207) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-471-48091-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Boyle, Alan (February 1, 2002). "The high-tech race for Olympic gold" (http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3079010/ns/technology_and_science/t/high-tech-race-olympic-gold/#.Vu8hJnpvW4A) . NBCNews.com (/wiki/NBCNews.com) . NBCUniversal (/wiki/NBCUniversal) . Retrieved March 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Product of the year - 2013" (http://award.ispo.com/en/Winner-2013/Products/Performance/) . ISPO . Messe München (/wiki/Messe_M%C3%BCnchen) . Retrieved March 10, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Litsky, Frank (February 2, 1981). "Eric Heiden a year later: his privacy is golden" (https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/02/sports/eric-heiden-a-year-later-his-privacy-is-golden.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved March 17, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Descente named Official Cycling Apparel of Team CSC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160325151256/http://velonews.competitor.com/2005/11/news/press-release-descente-named-official-cycling-apparel-of-team-csc_9148) . VeloNews (/wiki/Competitor_Group,_Inc.#Cycling) . Competitor Group, Inc. November 10, 2005. Archived from the original (https://velonews.competitor.com/2005/11/news/press-release-descente-named-official-cycling-apparel-of-team-csc_9148) on March 25, 2016 . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Skiing magazine (/wiki/Skiing_(magazine)) . Bonnier Corporation (/wiki/Bonnier_Corporation) . September 1983. p. 142. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0037-6264 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0037-6264) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Swisscom to sponsor skiers" (http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swisscom-to-sponsor-skiers/2805142) . Swissinfo (/wiki/Swissinfo) . Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation) . July 5, 2002 . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "BSD Portal: PREMIUMPARTNER" (https://www.bsd-portal.de/partner/premiumpartner/) . www.bsd-portal.de . Retrieved January 18, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Long, Michael (September 23, 2015). "Descente to supply South Korea at inaugural Premier12" (http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/descente_to_supply_south_korea_at_inaugural_premier12) . SportsPro (/wiki/SportsPro) . SportsPro Media Ltd . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Venturoli, Emanuele (February 6, 2015). "Sports Marketing: Yamaha Motor and Descente sign Official Sponsor Agreement" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160327225711/http://rtrsports.co.uk/sports-marketing-yamaha-motor-and-descente-sign-official-sponsor-agreement/) . RTR Sports . RTR Sports Marketing Ltd. Archived from the original (http://rtrsports.co.uk/sports-marketing-yamaha-motor-and-descente-sign-official-sponsor-agreement/) on March 27, 2016 . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "DESCENTE has become an Official Sponsor of British Triathlon" (https://www.britishtriathlon.org/news/descente-has-become-an-official-sponsor-of-british-triathlon_7060) . www.britishtriathlon.org . April 5, 2017 . Retrieved May 12, 2017 . 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2015 American film The True Cost Theatrical release poster Directed by Andrew Morgan Produced by Michael Ross Edited by Michael Ross Music by D Production companies Untold Creative Life Is My Movie Entertainment (/wiki/Life_Is_My_Movie_Entertainment) Distributed by Life Is My Movie Entertainment Bullfrog Films (home media) Release dates May 15, 2015 ( 2015-05-15 ) ( Cannes (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) ) May 29, 2015 ( 2015-05-29 ) (United States) Running time 93 minutes Country United States Language English Budget US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 500,000 [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Clothing_and_the_environment) on Clothing and the environment Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Key issues Cotton industry (/wiki/Cotton_industry) Ecological footprint (/wiki/Ecological_footprint) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) Fur trade (/wiki/Fur_trade) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Impact investing (/wiki/Impact_investing) Microplastics (/wiki/Microplastics) Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) By type Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool#Criticism_of_industry) Fur farming (/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_fur_farming) Leather (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_leather) Sustainability Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Biodegradable athletic footwear (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Cotton recycling (/wiki/Cotton_recycling) Environmental design (/wiki/Environmental_design) Environmental impact design (/wiki/Environmental_impact_design) Green textile (/wiki/Green_textile) Public interest design (/wiki/Public_interest_design) Organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Socially responsible investing (/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing) Sustainable (/wiki/Sustainability) Advertising (/wiki/Sustainable_advertising) Design (/wiki/Sustainable_design) Fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Industries (/wiki/Sustainable_industries) Market (/wiki/Sustainable_market) Procurement (/wiki/Sustainable_procurement) Transport (/wiki/Sustainable_transport) Textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Sustainability of vintage fashion (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) Related Business ethics (/wiki/Business_ethics) Green marketing (/wiki/Green_marketing) RiverBlue (/wiki/RiverBlue) The True Cost Environmental record of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.#Environmental_record) Ecological design (/wiki/Ecological_design) Laundry wastewater (/wiki/Laundry_wastewater) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Environment portal (/wiki/Portal:Environment) v t e The True Cost is a 2015 documentary film (/wiki/Documentary_film) directed by Andrew Morgan that focuses on fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) . It discusses several aspects of the garment industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) from production—mainly exploring the life of low-wage workers in developing countries—to its after-effects such as river (/wiki/Water_pollution) and soil pollution (/wiki/Soil_contamination) , pesticide contamination (/wiki/Pesticide_residue) , disease and death. Using an approach that looks at environmental, social and psychological aspects, it also examines consumerism (/wiki/Consumerism) and mass media (/wiki/Mass_media) , ultimately linking them to global capitalism (/wiki/Capitalism) . The documentary is a collage of several interviews with environmentalists, garment workers, factory owners, and people organizing fair trade (/wiki/Fair_trade) companies or promoting sustainable clothing production. Morgan's attention was drawn to the topic after the 2013 Savar building collapse (/wiki/Rana_Plaza_collapse) when a commercial building in Bangladesh named Rana Plaza toppled and killed over a thousand workers. Starting the project in October of that year, he traveled to thirteen countries to collect information and conduct interviews. The film was funded (/wiki/Crowdfunding) by Kickstarter (/wiki/Kickstarter) and premiered as a side screening during the 2015 Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival) in May 2015 before its release in select American and British theaters later that month. Critics have been both positive and dismissive, with reviews ranging from "vitally important documentary" [2] (#cite_note-FJI-2) to "vague liberal agitprop". [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) Content [ edit ] In The True Cost , Morgan examines the garment industry—specifically the fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) business— [4] (#cite_note-CNBC-4) and links it to consumerism (/wiki/Consumerism) , globalization (/wiki/Globalization) , capitalism (/wiki/Capitalism) , structural poverty, and oppression. [5] (#cite_note-Guardian_Lucy-5) [6] (#cite_note-Oregon-6) In the film, it is stated that in the 1960s, the American fashion industry produced 95% of the clothes its people wore, while in the 2010s only 3% percent is produced in the United States, with the rest produced in developing countries (/wiki/Developing_country) . [7] (#cite_note-THR-7) Operating in countries such as Bangladesh, India, Cambodia, and China, [8] (#cite_note-Vogue-8) major brand manufacturers minimize costs and maximize profits by having companies in those countries competing against each other. [9] (#cite_note-Paste-9) The international brands pressure the factory owners, threatening to close and move production to another country if the clothes are not cheap enough; the owners, in turn, pressure their workers and, as one owner says, "They're hampering me, I'm hampering my workers". [10] (#cite_note-HarperB-10) According to Morgan, despite garment manufacturing being a three-trillion-dollar industry, [11] (#cite_note-Friedman-11) the working conditions in those countries are poor. [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) In addition to having to work in those conditions and live on low salaries, these workers have a difficult time demanding their rights; Bangladeshi workers in Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka) may be beaten by their employers while Cambodians are shot by police. [4] (#cite_note-CNBC-4) [13] (#cite_note-Dissolve-13) In Dhaka, workers must work in hot and chemical-ridden environments and structurally unsound buildings. The film shows the events of the 2013 Savar building collapse (/wiki/Rana_Plaza_collapse) when an eight-story commercial building named Rana Plaza collapsed. [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) [4] (#cite_note-CNBC-4) Just prior to that, workers had been forced into the factory even though a crack was seen in the walls. [4] (#cite_note-CNBC-4) The Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) , an event that sparked Morgan's interest in making the film, is explored as an example of poor working conditions in developing countries. The film shows how the demand for cotton in India has led to the planting of genetically modified (/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism) (GM) cotton, [13] (#cite_note-Dissolve-13) and how the monopoly (/wiki/Monopoly) inherent in its use by seed companies causes an increase in the price of cotton, leading to suicides among farmers (/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_India) who lose their land to these companies because they cannot pay the higher seed prices. [14] (#cite_note-Elle-14) GM crops need more pesticides, causing environmental damage, [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) birth defects leading to mental and physical disabilities among the Punjab (/wiki/Punjab) people, [4] (#cite_note-CNBC-4) [15] (#cite_note-NDR-15) and an increased rate of cancer. [14] (#cite_note-Elle-14) The film claims that sometimes the companies that produce the pesticides are the same ones that produce the needed medications. [16] (#cite_note-EyeFF_int-16) A similar scenario occurs in contaminated cotton fields in Texas, where pesticides are causing brain tumors. [9] (#cite_note-Paste-9) The garment industry is the second-most-polluting industry the world, according to the film, [11] (#cite_note-Friedman-11) which is illustrated by leather tanneries (/wiki/Tanning_(leather)) pouring chromium (/wiki/Chromium) into the Ganges River (/wiki/Ganges) in Kanpur (/wiki/Kanpur) , India. [14] (#cite_note-Elle-14) [16] (#cite_note-EyeFF_int-16) In the film, the focus returns to America, where it looks at how media affects the desire of people—especially teenagers—to buy and create an identity focused on consumption. [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) This is borne out by a 500% worldwide increase in clothing consumption compared to the 1990s. [16] (#cite_note-EyeFF_int-16) However, clothes are quickly disposed of; an average American wastes 82 lb (37 kg) of textiles a year. [17] (#cite_note-MTV-17) Only 10% percent of donated clothes go to thrift shops (/wiki/Charity_shop) ; [18] (#cite_note-WSJ-18) the rest go to landfills, such as those in Port-au-Prince (/wiki/Port-au-Prince) , Haiti. [17] (#cite_note-MTV-17) Aside from weakening local industries by this constant disposal of clothes, [19] (#cite_note-EyeFF_rev-19) land and water are polluted because most apparel is made from non-biodegradable (/wiki/Biodegradation) materials. [17] (#cite_note-MTV-17) Throughout the film, Morgan shows people who defend the low-cost prices such as Benjamin Powell (/wiki/Benjamin_Powell) of the Free Market Institute at Texas Tech University (/wiki/Texas_Tech_University) [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) and Kate Ball-Young, former sourcing manager of Joe Fresh (/wiki/Joe_Fresh) . [9] (#cite_note-Paste-9) [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) Ball-Young says that, in comparison to more precarious alternative work, the fashion industry is a good choice for workers. [7] (#cite_note-THR-7) [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) Powell argues sweatshops (/wiki/Sweatshop) are "part of the very process that raises living standards and leads to better working conditions over time". [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) In contrast, the film shows a Texas organic cotton farmer, eco fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) activist Livia Firth and her sustainability-focused consulting firm, [13] (#cite_note-Dissolve-13) [20] (#cite_note-Dissent-20) and people who manage fair trade (/wiki/Fair_trade) clothing companies, such as animal-rights activist Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , [20] (#cite_note-Dissent-20) People Tree's (/wiki/People_Tree_Ltd.) Safia Minney (/wiki/Safia_Minney) , Redress's Christina Dean, and Patagonia's (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) Vincent Stanley. [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) [21] (#cite_note-Chan-21) [22] (#cite_note-Doga-22) Other individuals interviewed and appearing in the film include: television personalities Stephen Colbert (/wiki/Stephen_Colbert) and John Oliver (/wiki/John_Oliver) , [7] (#cite_note-THR-7) economist Richard D. Wolff (/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff) , [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) John Hilary of the charity War on Want (/wiki/War_on_Want) , [10] (#cite_note-HarperB-10) professor of media studies Mark Crispin Miller (/wiki/Mark_Crispin_Miller) , [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) psychologist Tim Kasser (/wiki/Tim_Kasser) , [23] (#cite_note-ElPais-23) physician Pritpal Singh, [24] (#cite_note-DBeast-24) and environmentalists Rick Ridgeway (/wiki/Rick_Ridgeway) [25] (#cite_note-WMag-25) and Vandana Shiva (/wiki/Vandana_Shiva) . [26] (#cite_note-LATimes-26) Production [ edit ] The True Cost was produced by Morgan's Untold Creative in association with Life is My Movie Entertainment. [27] (#cite_note-libraryjournal-27) [28] (#cite_note-bullfrog-28) The documentary's budget of US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 500,000 was obtained through individual investors and Kickstarter (/wiki/Kickstarter) , with Kickstarter crowd funders contributing US$76,546 . Morgan refused to accept money from companies, non-governmental organizations, and foundations to keep the project "autonomous". [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) [29] (#cite_note-Telegraph-29) During two years beginning in October 2013, [29] (#cite_note-Telegraph-29) Morgan traveled to twenty-five cities in thirteen countries, where he collected information and conducted interviews. [25] (#cite_note-WMag-25) [30] (#cite_note-Morgan-30) Some of the interviews were made possible through the efforts of executive producer Livia Firth, who introduced Morgan to eco-fashion. [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) Morgan had planned to interview Firth, but when she learned about the project she became interested in it and recommended people for him to talk to. Firth became heavily involved with the project, and after completing several interviews with her, Morgan showed Firth the final cut and made her an executive producer (/wiki/Executive_producer) for the film. [31] (#cite_note-HuffP-31) He had also planned to conduct interviews with 25 "major" brands, but none of them agreed to appear in the film. [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) With no knowledge of the fashion industry, Morgan decided to make a film on the topic after being shocked by the news of the collapse of Rana Plaza. [5] (#cite_note-Guardian_Lucy-5) After spending several days getting information, and discovering the industry's human rights violations (/wiki/Human_rights) and "staggering environmental impacts", he was sure he had to make the film. [32] (#cite_note-FashionLaw-32) He had also previously had an appreciation for the genre, saying he was "actually fascinated by those [fashion] films that follow one person". [5] (#cite_note-Guardian_Lucy-5) Like Morgan a non-connoisseur of fashion, executive producer and eco-activist Lucy Siegle (/wiki/Lucy_Siegle) said that she does not like such films as they are usually limited to exploring the aesthetic aspects of the industry. It is The True Cost differential in her opinion; it "goes there and then some—it unravels the grim, gritty, global supply chain of fast fashion". [5] (#cite_note-Guardian_Lucy-5) Nevertheless, the film purposely does not give viewers a clear answer on how to solve the problems as there are "no straightforward answers". Morgan commented, "I'm probably most proud that we avoided easy answers and instead chose to trust people to both feel and think deeply about the issues raised." [5] (#cite_note-Guardian_Lucy-5) This doesn't have to be [a] liberal versus pro-business debate. What it has to become is an honest debate. This isn't about 'Let's throw the system out the window.' I'm not against the idea of competition and profit and businesses. ... Those are really good forces. We can channel those forces in a more humane and more sustainable way. It's very similar to what's happened with the food movement. A lot of it starts with customer demand. — Andrew Morgan, director [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) Regarding the ultimate objectives behind the making of the film, Morgan said he was not trying to blame just a single company [33] (#cite_note-Guardian_Cannes-33) nor the fast fashion industry as "it did not invent a very irresponsible way of manufacturing, it did not invent overmarketing the consumption of things." [4] (#cite_note-CNBC-4) The director said the film was intended to be a caution on the "incessant consumption of mediocre stuff" and an incentive to view shopping as something more than a hobby, [14] (#cite_note-Elle-14) adding that buying is "a moral act and there is a chain reaction of consequences". [29] (#cite_note-Telegraph-29) He commented he was not trying to be "anti-business or anti-market" but was just reaffirming basic human rights and showing the limits of natural resources. [18] (#cite_note-WSJ-18) Morgan said his main hope for the film was that it would spark a debate on the topic and make people "more mindful and choose things that support life and not take it away." [29] (#cite_note-Telegraph-29) Morgan thought he had included a good number of counter-examples of how people can make a difference, so the film does not simply show "the destructive ways this industry operates but also the opportunity to reinvent it" [30] (#cite_note-Morgan-30) through "small choices [that] actually impact those [big problems]." [16] (#cite_note-EyeFF_int-16) Ultimately, he considered his film an introduction to the topic that was able to connect several elements, any one of which would be worth being covered in a film. [16] (#cite_note-EyeFF_int-16) Release and response [ edit ] To coincide with Fashion Revolution Day (/wiki/Fashion_Revolution) , which seeks transparency in clothes production, the trailer of The True Cost was released on April 24, 2015. [34] (#cite_note-Grazia-34) It premiered at Cannes as a side screening during the 2015 Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival) on May 15, [29] (#cite_note-Telegraph-29) when film producer Harvey Weinstein (/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein) said, "This movie's going to shock the fashion world". [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) A week before the official release, the crowd funders received personal links to allow them to watch the film. [29] (#cite_note-Telegraph-29) Distributed by Life is My Movie and Bullfrog Films, [28] (#cite_note-bullfrog-28) It was released on May 29 through iTunes (/wiki/ITunes) , video on demand (/wiki/Video_on_demand) services, DVD, Blu-Ray, and in select theaters in Los Angeles, New York, Tokyo, and London. [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) [11] (#cite_note-Friedman-11) [18] (#cite_note-WSJ-18) It has since been translated into 19 languages. [1] (#cite_note-MarketW-1) After its release, companies that were subjects of the film, including H&M (/wiki/H%26M) and Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , defended themselves in a CNBC (/wiki/CNBC) article. [4] (#cite_note-CNBC-4) The film has been subject to dissonant reviews that ranged from extremely positive to very dismissive. Aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) says there were five positive reviews and three negative reviews—which indicates that 63% of critics were favorable—and that it received an average score of 6.3. [35] (#cite_note-RottenT-35) Based on one positive, two mixed, and one negative review, Metacritic (/wiki/Metacritic) assigns an average score of 46 out of 100. [36] (#cite_note-MetaC-36) It also received an Environmental Media Awards (/wiki/Environmental_Media_Awards) nomination for Best Documentary Film. [37] (#cite_note-EMA-37) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) reviewer Jeannette Catsoulis praised it for avoiding the dichotomy of "corporate greed versus environmental well-being", adding that instead of being an exposé (/wiki/Investigative_journalism) , "Under the gentle, humane investigations of its director, what emerges most strongly is a portrait of exploitation that ought to make us more nauseated than elated over those $20 jeans". [12] (#cite_note-NYT-12) Tamsin Blanchard (/wiki/Tamsin_Blanchard) , for the Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , called it a work that will "do for the fast fashion business what Food Inc (/wiki/Food,_Inc.) did for fast food". [29] (#cite_note-Telegraph-29) The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) ' s Frank Scheck commended it for approaching an issue often "untouched by major news organizations". [7] (#cite_note-THR-7) He said the film was "more despair-inducing than instructive", but was optimistic about its possible impact on the fashion culture, citing the effect that films such as Super Size Me (/wiki/Super_Size_Me) and Fast Food Nation (/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation_(film)) had on the fast food industry. [7] (#cite_note-THR-7) Carson Quiros of Paste (/wiki/Paste_(magazine)) also compared it to the former film. [9] (#cite_note-Paste-9) David Noh of Film Journal International (/wiki/Film_Journal_International) called it a "vitally important documentary" that contains scenes that "are enough to make you never want to go shopping again". [2] (#cite_note-FJI-2) Gabrielle Wilson of MTV (/wiki/MTV) stated it is "hard to swallow but never feels preach-y or like a barrage of depressive factoids" and will empower viewers to change their shopping habits. [17] (#cite_note-MTV-17) Casey Jarman said she was disappointed by "the only solution offered: eliminating global capitalism"; however, ultimately, she wrote for Willamette Week (/wiki/Willamette_Week) that it is a "compelling film, which is, above all else, a badly needed conversation-starter". [38] (#cite_note-WW-38) Alan Scherstuhl wrote a very critical piece for The Village Voice (/wiki/The_Village_Voice) ; he called the film predictable and repetitive, and said it contained several facts that have been clearly "common knowledge for years". [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) Scherstuhl said it is scattershot, "a litany of Things We Can All Agree Are Bad", but ultimately jumps between several topics—without sufficient detail, in his opinion—but comes to no conclusion or alternative. [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) Scherstuhl said not even common people would have their beliefs challenged and that they would "dismiss it as the vague liberal agitprop that it is". [3] (#cite_note-VillageV-3) Similarly while saying the film discusses important issues, both Genevieve Koski of The Dissolve (/wiki/The_Dissolve) and Jennie Kermode of Eye for Film said it deals with several themes quickly but does not expand upon any of them. [13] (#cite_note-Dissolve-13) [19] (#cite_note-EyeFF_rev-19) Koski said, " The True Cost is methodical to a fault", [13] (#cite_note-Dissolve-13) while Kermode said it is "a good starting point" on the topic. [19] (#cite_note-EyeFF_rev-19) Fashion critic Vanessa Friedman (/wiki/Vanessa_Friedman) said it has an "easy-to-swallow accessibility" but that it "oversimplifies" some aspects of the industry. In addition to commenting on the lack of attribution for "lots of eye-popping statements", she said, "trying to do everything, he skirted a lot of things". [11] (#cite_note-Friedman-11) The Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) ' Martin Tsai criticized Morgan for interviewing his own executive producers, saying "the effects of fertilizers ... don't appear quite as tangible", and faulted Morgan for not exploring "retailer markups that could have gone toward improving sweatshop conditions instead of profit margins", but appreciated that he had interviewed people with both pro and con views. [26] (#cite_note-LATimes-26) Lizzie Crocker of The Daily Beast (/wiki/The_Daily_Beast) said Morgan had socialist (/wiki/Socialism) views and that the film implies he wants to go back to the 1960s. She also criticized some interviewees, such as Miller, whom she called a "conspiracy theorist", and Wolff, whom she called a "Marxist idealist". Crocker was dismissive of the film, saying, "the film loses focus and credibility, criticizing not just the fashion industry but the global capitalist system that supports it". [24] (#cite_note-DBeast-24) See also [ edit ] China Blue (/wiki/China_Blue) Cotton production in the United States (/wiki/Cotton_production_in_the_United_States) Textile industry in Bangladesh (/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Cheng, Andria (May 29, 2015). "This movie may change how you buy clothes" (http://www.marketwatch.com/story/this-movie-may-change-how-you-buy-clothes-2015-05-28) . MarketWatch (/wiki/MarketWatch) . Dow Jones & Company (/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150529114955/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/this-movie-may-change-how-you-buy-clothes-2015-05-28) from the original on May 29, 2015 . Retrieved January 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Noh, David (May 29, 2015). "Film Review: The True Cost" (http://www.filmjournal.com/reviews/film-review-true-cost) . Film Journal International . Prometheus Global Media. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160625182105/http://www.filmjournal.com/reviews/film-review-true-cost) from the original on June 25, 2016 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Scherstuhl, Alan (May 27, 2015). " (http://www.villagevoice.com/film/the-true-cost-fumbles-its-attack-on-the-clothing-industry-7122087) The True Cost Fumbles Its Attack on the Clothing Industry" (http://www.villagevoice.com/film/the-true-cost-fumbles-its-attack-on-the-clothing-industry-7122087) . The Village Voice . Voice Media Group (/wiki/Voice_Media_Group) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150623195637/http://www.villagevoice.com/film/the-true-cost-fumbles-its-attack-on-the-clothing-industry-7122087) from the original on June 23, 2015 . Retrieved October 20, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Gustafson, Krystina (May 29, 2015). " (https://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/29/the-true-cost-attacks-the-business-of-fast-fashion.html) 'The True Cost' attacks the business of fast fashion" (https://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/29/the-true-cost-attacks-the-business-of-fast-fashion.html) . CNBC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160703183117/http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/29/the-true-cost-attacks-the-business-of-fast-fashion.html) from the original on July 3, 2016 . Retrieved October 25, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Siegle, Lucy (June 4, 2015). "Why not all fashion documentaries should be pretty" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/jun/04/true-cost-film-grim-gritty-world-fashion-documentaries-rana-plaza) . The Guardian . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160618072225/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/jun/04/true-cost-film-grim-gritty-world-fashion-documentaries-rana-plaza) from the original on June 18, 2016 . Retrieved October 24, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Oregon_6-0) Mohan, Marc (May 29, 2015). " (http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2015/05/the_true_cost_of_fashion_who_i.html) 'The True Cost'of fashion, 'Who Is Gil Scott-Heron?,' and 'Johnny Guitar': Indie & art house picks" (http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2015/05/the_true_cost_of_fashion_who_i.html) . OregonLive.com (/wiki/OregonLive.com) . Advance Digital (/wiki/Advance_Digital) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160827150507/http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2015/05/the_true_cost_of_fashion_who_i.html) from the original on August 27, 2016 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Scheck, Frank (June 1, 2015). " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/true-cost-film-review-799133) 'The True Cost': Film Review" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/true-cost-film-review-799133) . The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media (/wiki/Prometheus_Global_Media) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160730201532/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/true-cost-film-review-799133) from the original on July 30, 2016 . Retrieved October 25, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_8-0) Jones, Dolly (May 28, 2015). "Livia Firth: The True Cost" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2015/05/28/the-true-cost-film-livia-firth-rana-plaza) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160624023623/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2015/05/28/the-true-cost-film-livia-firth-rana-plaza) from the original on June 24, 2016 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Quiros, Carson (June 3, 2015). " (https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/06/the-true-cost-might-just-be-for-fast-fashion-what.html) The True Cost is for Fast Fashion what (https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/06/the-true-cost-might-just-be-for-fast-fashion-what.html) Supersize Me Was for Fast Food" (https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/06/the-true-cost-might-just-be-for-fast-fashion-what.html) . Paste . Wolfgang's Vault (/wiki/Wolfgang%27s_Vault) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160819094117/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/06/the-true-cost-might-just-be-for-fast-fashion-what.html) from the original on August 19, 2016 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kosin, Julie (May 29, 2015). " (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/reviews/a11041/the-true-cost-documentary/) 'The True Cost' Seeks to Expose the Consequences of Fast Fashion" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/reviews/a11041/the-true-cost-documentary/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . Hearst Digital Media (/wiki/Hearst_Digital_Media) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160710081833/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/reviews/a11041/the-true-cost-documentary/) from the original on July 10, 2016 . Retrieved January 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Friedman, Vanessa (May 28, 2015). " (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/fashion/the-true-cost-a-different-kind-of-fashion-documentary.html) 'The True Cost,' a Different Kind of Fashion Documentary" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/fashion/the-true-cost-a-different-kind-of-fashion-documentary.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150602073934/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/fashion/the-true-cost-a-different-kind-of-fashion-documentary.html?_r=0) from the original on June 2, 2015 . Retrieved October 25, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Catsoulis, Jeannette (May 28, 2015). "Review: 'The True Cost' Investigates High Price of Fashion Bargains" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/movies/review-the-true-cost-investigates-high-price-of-fashion-bargains.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160709050335/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/29/movies/review-the-true-cost-investigates-high-price-of-fashion-bargains.html?_r=1) from the original on July 9, 2016 . Retrieved October 25, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Koski, Genevieve (May 26, 2015). "The True Cost" (http://thedissolve.com/reviews/1611-the-true-cost/) . The Dissolve . Pitchfork Media (/wiki/Pitchfork_Media) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150528230549/http://thedissolve.com/reviews/1611-the-true-cost/) from the original on May 28, 2015 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Fleming, Olivia (May 27, 2015). "Is Your $40 Skirt Hurting the Environment?" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a28561/what-is-the-true-cost-of-fast-fashion/) . Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Hearst Digital Media. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160603162634/http://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a28561/what-is-the-true-cost-of-fast-fashion/) from the original on June 3, 2016 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-NDR_15-0) Unger, Simone (July 6, 2015). "Der wahre Preis unserer Kleidung" (http://www.ndr.de/kultur/film/The-True-Cost-Fast-Fashion-Dokumentarfilm-Modeindustrie,kleidung116.html) [The true cost of our clothing]. Kultur Journal (in German). Norddeutscher Rundfunk (/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150707210117/http://www.ndr.de/kultur/film/The-True-Cost-Fast-Fashion-Dokumentarfilm-Modeindustrie,kleidung116.html) from the original on July 7, 2015 . Retrieved January 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Titze, Anne-Katrin (July 5, 2015). "Dressed to kill" (http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2015-07-05-andrew-morgan-in-conversation-on-the-true-cost-feature-story-by-anne-katrin-titze) . Eye for Film . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160704032244/http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2015-07-05-andrew-morgan-in-conversation-on-the-true-cost-feature-story-by-anne-katrin-titze) from the original on July 4, 2016 . Retrieved January 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Wilson, Gabrielle (May 29, 2015). "Must-Watch: 'The True Cost' Shines A Light On The Human Price Of Your Bargain Shopping" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150602221155/http://www.mtv.com/news/2172703/the-true-cost-documentary-fast-fashion/) . MTV . Viacom (/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%93present)) . Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/2172703/the-true-cost-documentary-fast-fashion/) on June 2, 2015 . Retrieved January 5, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Kawakami, Robin (May 29, 2015). "Documentary Exposes Hidden Costs of $8 Jeans" (https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/05/29/fashion-documentary-exposes-environmental-and-human-costs-of-those-8-jeans/) . The Wall Street Journal . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170205183535/http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2015/05/29/fashion-documentary-exposes-environmental-and-human-costs-of-those-8-jeans/) from the original on February 5, 2017 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Kermode, Jennie (May 20, 2015). "The True Cost (2015) Film Review" (http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/the-true-cost-2015-film-review-by-jennie-kermode) . Eye for Film . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170205182120/http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/the-true-cost-2015-film-review-by-jennie-kermode) from the original on February 5, 2017 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ross, Robert J. S. (December 10, 2015). "The High Toll of Fast Fashion" (https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/the-true-cost-review-fast-fashion-rana-plaza-accord) . Dissent . University of Pennsylvania Press (/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press) . 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Doga.no (in Norwegian). Norsk design- og arkitektursenter. November 18, 2015. Archived from the original (http://doga.no/arrangementer/design-og-arkitektur-p%C3%A5-stort-lerret-the-true-cost) on February 5, 2017 . Retrieved January 5, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-ElPais_23-0) Ballesteros, María (August 21, 2015). "Este es el coste real de la ropa que te pones" (http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/08/21/tentaciones/1440149278_110351.html) [This is the true cost of the clothing you wear]. El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) (in Spanish). PRISA (/wiki/PRISA) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170205183135/http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/08/21/tentaciones/1440149278_110351.html) from the original on February 5, 2017 . Retrieved January 5, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Crocker, Lizzie (May 26, 2015). "There Are No Easy Answers to Fashion's Cruelty" (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/05/26/there-are-no-easy-answers-to-fashion-s-cruelty.html) . The Daily Beast . IAC (/wiki/IAC_(company)) . 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The Hollywood Reporter . Prometheus Global Media. September 2, 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160419213117/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/environmental-media-awards-nominees-2015-819977) from the original on April 19, 2016 . Retrieved October 25, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-WW_38-0) Spitz, Enid (November 26, 2015). "Silver Screening: Movies to Watch Nov. 25-Dec. 1" (http://www.wweek.com/arts/2015/11/26/silver-screening-movies-to-watch-nov-25-dec-1/) . Willamette Week . City of Roses Newspapers. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170205183838/http://www.wweek.com/arts/2015/11/26/silver-screening-movies-to-watch-nov-25-dec-1/) from the original on February 5, 2017 . Retrieved January 4, 2016 . External links [ edit ] The True Cost at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Official website (https://truecostmovie.com/) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Agriculture (/wiki/Portal:Agriculture) Business and economics (/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics) Ecology (/wiki/Portal:Ecology) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Film (/wiki/Portal:Film) Medicine (/wiki/Portal:Medicine) Psychology (/wiki/Portal:Psychology) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐895674c4f‐b9h5m Cached time: 20240717064204 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.807 seconds Real time usage: 1.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5008/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 111062/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12203/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 33/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 174569/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.482/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10727805/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 906.453 1 -total 35.40% 320.897 1 Template:Reflist 29.10% 263.750 38 Template:Cite_web 20.70% 187.619 14 Template:Main_other 19.85% 179.976 1 Template:Infobox_film 12.32% 111.676 1 Template:Clothing_and_the_environment 11.82% 107.099 1 Template:Infobox_film/short_description 10.82% 98.087 1 Template:Short_description 7.37% 66.779 1 Template:Infobox 6.35% 57.538 1 Template:IMDb_title Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48352825-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717064204 and revision id 1231370687. 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French sound artist and music producer (born 1966) Frédéric Sanchez Born ( 1966-09-23 ) 23 September 1966 (age 57) France (/wiki/France) Occupation(s) Sound artist, music producer. Years active 1988–present Known for Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Style minimal, innovative, electronic. [1] (#cite_note-bof1-1) [2] (#cite_note-dazed2-2) Website www (http://www.fredericsanchez.com) .fredericsanchez (http://www.fredericsanchez.com) .com (http://www.fredericsanchez.com) Frédéric Sanchez (born 23 September 1966) is a French sound artist and (/wiki/Sound_design) music producer (/wiki/Music_producer) , best known for his career in the fashion industry. [3] (#cite_note-nytimes-3) [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) [5] (#cite_note-wallpaper-5) His works include sound collages, mixes, original compositions, and sound installations. [1] (#cite_note-bof1-1) [6] (#cite_note-dazed1-6) Major industry observers such as Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) , AnOther (/wiki/Another_Magazine) , or Business of Fashion have repeatedly referred to him as "one of the most respected sound designers working today". [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) [7] (#cite_note-bof2-7) [8] (#cite_note-dazed3-8) [9] (#cite_note-another-9) In 2005 he was appointed Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters (/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_Arts_and_Letters) by the French ministry of Culture (/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)) . [10] (#cite_note-gouv-10) Career overview [ edit ] Fashion [ edit ] Frédéric Sanchez's career began in 1988, when fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) invited him to design the soundtrack for his debut show, [11] (#cite_note-biosite-11) and he since worked with various designers and brands such as Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) , Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Martine Sitbon (/wiki/Martine_Sitbon) or Helmut Lang (/wiki/Helmut_Lang_(fashion_brand)) . [2] (#cite_note-dazed2-2) [11] (#cite_note-biosite-11) [12] (#cite_note-nowness-12) He is a long-term collaborator to the Festival international de mode et de photographie (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_international_de_mode_et_de_photographie) in Hyères (/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res) , France. [13] (#cite_note-hyeres1_»-13) [14] (#cite_note-hyeres2_»-14) Since its creation in 2013 he has been included in Business of Fashion's annual index of the 500 key people shaping the fashion industry. [1] (#cite_note-bof1-1) Art and collaborations [ edit ] Sanchez has designed and curated several installations and pieces, which have been displayed or performed in museums and institutions such as the Musée du quai Branly (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_quai_Branly) , the Musée du Louvre (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre) , the Mudam (/wiki/Mudam) , the Grand Palais (/wiki/Grand_Palais) , the Foire internationale d'art contemporain (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foire_internationale_d%27art_contemporain) (FIAC), and the parisian gallery Serge Le Borgne. [9] (#cite_note-another-9) [12] (#cite_note-nowness-12) [15] (#cite_note-lesinrocks-15) [16] (#cite_note-artfacts-16) [17] (#cite_note-art-17) He has collaborated with visual artists Louise Bourgeois (/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois) , Jack Pierson (/wiki/Jack_Pierson) , Bettina Rheims (/wiki/Bettina_Rheims) , Susanna Fritscher (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanna_Fritscher) , and Orlan (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlan) ; film directors Larry Clark (/wiki/Larry_Clark) and Ange Leccia (/wiki/Ange_Leccia) , architects Herzog & de Meuron (/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron) , and Odile Decq (/wiki/Odile_Decq) . [1] (#cite_note-bof1-1) [17] (#cite_note-art-17) [18] (#cite_note-larry-18) [19] (#cite_note-slate-19) In 2008, he curated the Gainsbourg 2008 exhibition at Paris (/wiki/Paris) ’ Cité de la Musique (/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_la_Musique) . [20] (#cite_note-france24-20) [21] (#cite_note-«_indep_»-21) In 2010, he directed his first art film, Le Soldat Sans Visage . [22] (#cite_note-film-22) Music and film [ edit ] Frédéric Sanchez supervised the music on three feature films, 2000 Deauville American Film Festival (/wiki/Deauville_American_Film_Festival) 's Prix Michel d'Ornano (/wiki/Deauville_American_Film_Festival#Prix_Michel_d'Ornano) winner Le Secret directed by Virginie Wagon (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginie_Wagon) , 2001 Berlin Film Festival (/wiki/Berlin_Film_Festival) 's Golden Bear (/wiki/Golden_Bear_(award)) winner Intimacy (/wiki/Intimacy_(2001_film)) directed by Patrice Chéreau (/wiki/Patrice_Ch%C3%A9reau) , [23] (#cite_note-«_express_»-23) and 2008 Filmfest München (/wiki/Filmfest_M%C3%BCnchen) 's German Cinema Award for Peace winner Die Frau des Anarchisten (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Frau_des_Anarchisten) directed by Peter Sehr (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sehr) and Marie Noëlle. [24] (#cite_note-«_worldcat_»-24) In 2001, he released a music compilation featuring artists such as Mirwais (/wiki/Mirwais_Ahmadza%C3%AF) , Fischerspooner (/wiki/Fischerspooner) , Chilly Gonzales (/wiki/Chilly_Gonzales) , Peaches (/wiki/Peaches_(musician)) and Chicks On Speed (/wiki/Chicks_On_Speed) . [25] (#cite_note-allmusic-25) Selected works [ edit ] Installations [ edit ] La Salamandre (2004) - Sound installation - Contrepoint exhibit - Musée du Louvre (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre) , Paris Ondes visibles (2004) - Sound installation - Nave reopening - Grand Palais (/wiki/Grand_Palais) , Paris Console (2004) - Sound performance - FIAC - Grand Palais, Paris Castles In The Air (2007) - Sound installation - Galerie Serge Le Borgne, Paris Gainsbourg 2008 (2008) - Curator - Cité de la Musique (/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_la_Musique) , Paris une utile illusion (2008) - Sound installation - Galerie Serge Le Borgne, Paris Artistic Collaborations [ edit ] Epiderm (1999), Larry Clark (/wiki/Larry_Clark) - Soundtrack - Galerie Kamel Mennour (/wiki/Galerie_Kamel_Mennour) , Paris La Vie (2000), Jack Pierson (/wiki/Jack_Pierson) - Sound creation - Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac (/wiki/Galerie_Thaddaeus_Ropac) , Paris Less aesthetics more ethics (2000), Odile Decq (/wiki/Odile_Decq) - Sound creation - Venice Biennale of Architecture (/wiki/Venice_Biennale_of_Architecture) , Venice Soundshowers (2000), Herzog & de Meuron (/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron) - Sound creation - Prada Building, Tokyo C'est Le Murmure De L'Eau Qui Chante (2003), Louise Bourgeois (/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois) - Remix - Les Films du Siamois La déraison du Louvre (2006), Ange Leccia (/wiki/Ange_Leccia) , starring Laetitia Casta (/wiki/Laetitia_Casta) - Original soundtrack - Camera Lucida Productions Il y'a ce que je sais (2011), Susanna Fritscher - Sound installation - l'Art dans les Chapelles Festival, Pontivy Gender Studies (2011), Bettina Rheims (/wiki/Bettina_Rheims) - NRW Forum, Düsseldorf une autre pièce : blanc (2012), Susanna Fritscher - Galerie Elisabeth & Klaus Thoman, Wienna Art or Sound exhibition (2014), curated by Germano Celant (/wiki/Germano_Celant) - Musical arrangement - Fondazione Prada (/wiki/Fondazione_Prada) , Palazzo Grassi (/wiki/Palazzo_Grassi) , Venice References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Frédéric Sanchez, BoF 500" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/frederic-sanchez) . Business of Fashion . July 9, 2015 . Retrieved 10 November 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Noakes, Tim (June 2, 2015). "Frédéric Sanchez's Synth Hero mix" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/24924/1/frederic-sanchez-s-synth-hero-mix) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . Retrieved 10 November 2015 . Since 1988 he has created some of the most innovative soundtracks for the world's biggest fashion shows. In the past year alone he has scored runway collections for Prada, Jil Sander, Comme des Garçons, Calvin Klein, Miu Miu, Alexander Wang, Thomas Tait and many more. Designers come to Sanchez because he is an expert in creating the perfect atmosphere to complement their clothes. ^ (#cite_ref-nytimes_3-0) Trebay, Guy (October 2, 2002). "FASHION DIARY; That Final Flourish, The Music" (https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/10/nyregion/fashion-diary-that-final-flourish-the-music.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 10 November 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Yotka, Steff (November 10, 2015). "The Sound of Margiela: Frédéric Sanchez Remembers Creating the Soundtracks for Martin Margiela's First Shows" (http://www.vogue.com/13369724/martin-margiela-frederic-sanchez-90s-soundtracks/) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Condé Nast. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151112024935/http://www.vogue.com/13369724/martin-margiela-frederic-sanchez-90s-soundtracks/) from the original on November 12, 2015 . Retrieved 11 November 2015 . Today, Frédéric Sanchez is among the most respected sound designers in the world. ^ (#cite_ref-wallpaper_5-0) Israel, Katrina. "We chat to music maestro Frédéric Sanchez, plus our top 20 soundtracks from the A/W 2015 women's shows" (http://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/we-chat-to-music-maestro-frdric-sanchez-plus-our-top-20-soundtracks-from-the-aw-2015-womens-shows) . Wallpaper (/wiki/Wallpaper_(magazine)) . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-dazed1_6-0) "The cult composer behind the most iconic runway moments" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/25660/1/frederic-sanchez-s-best-moments) . Dazed . 27 July 2015 . Retrieved 10 November 2015 . With his carefully curated soundtracks blasting out from the speakers of Prada, Comme des Garçons, Margiela and Miu Miu, Frédéric Sanchez has become a catwalk icon in his own right. Whether he's transporting you to another time with his live compositions or mixing up Metallica and Beyoncé, his vast and varied tastes have changed the game for fashion soundtracks. ^ (#cite_ref-bof2_7-0) Fitzpatrick, Tommy (November 5, 2015). "Making Frédéric Sanchez's Fashion Show Mixes" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/creative-class/making-frederic-sanchezs-fashion-show-mixes) . Business Of Fashion . Retrieved November 13, 2015 . Sanchez has since made a career out of collaborating with designers on a conceptual level, his carefully-curated, cerebral soundtracks cementing his place as one of fashion's most respected show music producers. ^ (#cite_ref-dazed3_8-0) Jones, Daisy (September 23, 2015). "Stream London Fashion Week's most electrifying soundtrack" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/26627/1/exclusive-stream-thomas-tait-s-ss16-soundtrack) . Dazed . Retrieved 10 November 2015 . Nobody epitomises the sound of fashion more than Frédéric Sanchez, the cult Parisian producer who has been lending his musical talents to the runways of Prada, Comme des Garçons, Margiela and Miu Miu for over 25 years. ^ Jump up to: a b Woo, Kin (July 8, 2014). "Frédéric Sanchez, Show Music Maestro" (http://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/3632/frederic-sanchez-show-music-maestro) . AnOther (/wiki/AnOther_Magazine) . Retrieved 10 November 2015 . In the two decades plus he's spent as one of the most respected illustrateur sonore working today (...) ^ (#cite_ref-gouv_10-0) "Nomination ou promotion dans l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres, juillet 2005" (http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/artsetlettres/juillet2005.htm) [Nomination or promotion into the order of Arts and Letters, July 2005.]. Ministère de la Culture. (in French). July 14, 2005 . Retrieved November 12, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Frédéric Sanchez Biography" (http://fredericsanchez.com/en/parcours-2) . Official Website . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fall Mixed Up by Frédéric Sanchez" (https://www.nowness.com/story/fall-mixed-up-by-frederic-sanchez) . Nowness (/wiki/Nowness) . May 26, 2010 . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-hyeres1_»_13-0) "Hyères 2007" (http://www.villanoailles-hyeres.com/hyeres22en.php?cat_id=8) . Villa Noailles (/wiki/Villa_Noailles) . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-hyeres2_»_14-0) Paquin, Paquita. "Hyères 2009, morceaux choisis" (http://www.puretrend.com/rubrique/actualites_r11/hyeres-2009-morceaux-choisis_a32306/1) [Hyères 2009, chosen pieces]. Puretrend (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webedia) (in French) . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-lesinrocks_15-0) Monville, Quentin (July 21, 2014). "Les Inrocks - On y était : les Siestes Électroniques au Musée du Quai Branly" (http://www.lesinrocks.com/2014/07/21/musique/concerts/on-y-etait-les-siestes-electroniques-au-musee-branly-11516415/) [We were there : les Siestes Electroniques at Musée du Quai Branly]. Les Inrockuptibles (/wiki/Les_Inrockuptibles) (in French) . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-artfacts_16-0) Clemens, Nicolas; Stephenson, Sarah. "The Louvre introduces living art" (http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/newsInfo/newsID/2248/lang/1) . Artfacts.net . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . The author of this audio-installation, Frederic Sanchez, continues his work in the Louvre, which started in 1988, through the connection between sound illustration and the world of art (Louise Bourgeois/ The Foundation of the Museum of Contemporary Art Grand Duc Jean, Luxembourg/ The Museum of the Louvre). ^ Jump up to: a b Monvoisin, Alain (2008). Dictionnaire international de la sculpture moderne & contemporaine [ International dictionary of modern and contemporary sculpture ] (in French) (1st ed.). Ed. du Regard. p. 470. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-84105-211-0 . Retrieved November 12, 2015 . « A partir de 1998, il envisage son travail en collaboration avec des cinéastes, telle Virgine Wagon pour son film Le Secret, des commissaires d'exposition ou des conservateurs de musées (Bal(l)ade, promenade virtuelle et sonore pour le Mudam du Luxembourg, 2001), des architectes comme Odile Decq (Less Aesthetics more Ethics, 2000) ou des artistes - Louise Bourgeois (C'est le murmure de l'eau qui chante, 2003), Orlan (Bien que, oui mais, 2003) ou Ange Leccia, réalisant la bande sonore de son film Nymphea avec Laetitia Casta (2006). Puis il franchit une autre étape en abordant la sculpture sonore proprement dite avec des oeuvres qui sont non plus des illustrations mais des créations effectueés en fonction de lieux comme le musée du Louvre (La Salamandre, 2004) ou le Grand Palais (Ondes visibles, en collaboration avec une installation de miroirs de Thierry Dreyfus, 2005). Séléction d'expositions : 2002, Sainte-Anastase, Paris; 2007, Cent8-Serge Le Borgne, Paris. » ^ (#cite_ref-larry_18-0) Ambroise, Laure; Capdevielle, Marie-Anne (2001). "Jalouse N°37, page 74" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151118175846/http://patrimoine.editionsjalou.com/jalouse-numero_37-page_74-detailp-16-1330-74.html) . Patrimoine des Editions Jalou . Les Editions Jalou. Archived from the original (http://patrimoine.editionsjalou.com/jalouse-numero_37-page_74-detailp-16-1330-74.html) on November 18, 2015 . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-slate_19-0) Rosenberg, David. "Finding Models Who Aren't Defined by Gender" (http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2012/11/27/bettina_rheims_exploring_gender_studies_and_finding_models_through_facebook.html) . Slate (/wiki/Slate_(magazine)) . November 17, 2012 . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-france24_20-0) Holman, Rachel (March 3, 2013). "Twenty years on, Gainsbourg remains France's favourite 'enfant terrible' (http://www.france24.com/en/20110301-twenty-years-serge-gainsbourg-paris-france-music-pop-bardot-birkin) " (http://www.france24.com/en/20110301-twenty-years-serge-gainsbourg-paris-france-music-pop-bardot-birkin) . France 24 (/wiki/France_24) . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . Frédéric Sanchez, who curated "Gainsbourg 2008" in Paris, describes him as, "one of the most important artists of the 20th century". ^ (#cite_ref-«_indep_»_21-0) Litchfield, John (October 23, 2011). "Je t'aime (again): The French love affair with Serge Gainsbourg" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/je-taime-again-the-french-love-affair-with-serge-gainsbourg-972787.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . The curator of the exhibition, Frédéric Sanchez, describes the choice of Gainsbourg as a "consecration" and an "apotheosis". ^ (#cite_ref-film_22-0) "Frédéric Sanchez, Sonic Reverie" (https://www.nowness.com/story/frederic-sanchez-sonic-reverie) . Nowness . May 26, 2010 . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . The Sound Artist Gets Dreamy With Bach for His New Film "Le Soldat Sans Visage" ^ (#cite_ref-«_express_»_23-0) Médioni, Gilles. "Le Styliste des Sons" (http://www.lexpress.fr/informations/le-styliste-des-sons_645820.html) [The Sound Stylist.]. L’Express (/wiki/L%E2%80%99Express) (in French) . Retrieved November 16, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-«_worldcat_»_24-0) Die Frau Des Anarchisten . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 767948758 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/767948758) . Retrieved November 16, 2015 – via WorldCat (/wiki/WorldCat) . ^ (#cite_ref-allmusic_25-0) Birchmeier, Jason. "Frédéric Sanchez" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/frederic-sanchez-mw0000526478) . Allmusic (/wiki/Allmusic) . Retrieved November 10, 2015 . 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Overview of Swedish fashion A Swedish fashion image from 1943. The long trench coat and hat provide protection from the outside climate, while still offering an aesthetic quality. Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Sweden) on the Culture of Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden) History (/wiki/History_of_Sweden) Prehistory (/wiki/Prehistoric_Sweden) 800–1521 (/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)) Kalmar Union (/wiki/Kalmar_Union) 1523–1611 (/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1523%E2%80%931611)) Rise to become Great Power (/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1611%E2%80%931648)) Swedish Empire (/wiki/Swedish_Empire) Great Northern War (/wiki/Great_Northern_War) Age of Liberty (/wiki/Age_of_Liberty) Coup of 1756 (/wiki/Coup_of_1756) December Crisis (1768) (/wiki/December_Crisis_(1768)) Revolution of 1772 (/wiki/Revolution_of_1772) Gustavian era (/wiki/Gustavian_era) Coup of 1809 (/wiki/Coup_of_1809) Sweden–Norway union (/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway) Famine of 1867–1869 (/wiki/Swedish_famine_of_1867%E2%80%931869) Modernization (/wiki/Sweden_during_the_late_19th_century) Industrialization (/wiki/Industrialization_of_Sweden) World War I (/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_I) World War II (/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II) timeline (/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II_(timeline)) 1945–1967 (/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1945%E2%80%931967)) 1967–1991 (/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1967%E2%80%931991)) Since 1991 (/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1991%E2%80%93present)) People (/wiki/Swedes) Languages (/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden) Mythology (/wiki/Norse_mythology) and folklore (/wiki/Folklore_of_Sweden) Cuisine (/wiki/Swedish_cuisine) Festivals (/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sweden) Religion (/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden) Bahá'í (/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_Sweden) Buddhism (/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden) Christianity Church of Sweden (/wiki/Church_of_Sweden) Catholicism (/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sweden) Judaism (/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden) Islam (/wiki/Islam_in_Sweden) Ahmadiyya (/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Sweden) Art (/wiki/Swedish_art) Literature (/wiki/Swedish_literature) Music (/wiki/Music_of_Sweden) Media (/wiki/Media_of_Sweden) Radio (/wiki/Radio_in_Sweden) Television (/wiki/Television_in_Sweden) Cinema (/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden) Sport (/wiki/Sport_in_Sweden) Monuments World Heritage Sites (/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sweden) Symbols Flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden) Coat of arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Sweden) National anthem (/wiki/National_anthem_of_Sweden) Sweden portal (/wiki/Portal:Sweden) v t e Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) is home to a number of influential fashion brands with large international spread, ranging from more high-end contemporaries such as Acne Studios (/wiki/Acne_Studios) , J.Lindeberg (/wiki/J.Lindeberg) , and Filippa K, as well as the global retail company H&M (/wiki/H%26M) and its subsidiary brands like COS and & Other Stories. Sweden's capital, Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , is the host of the country's biannual fashion week. [1] (#cite_note-1) Swedish fashion embraces usefulness as it is the attitude surrounding most consumer products throughout Northern Europe. Clothing is made to be practical and purposeful. This is largely due to the country's long history of harsh climatic conditions and its strong Lutheran background. For instance, one of the most known Swedish brands oriented towards outdoor and functional clothing is Fjällräven (/wiki/Fj%C3%A4llr%C3%A4ven) , which notably in the early to mid 2010s (/wiki/2010s_in_fashion) saw worldwide streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) success for its signature Kånken backpack. [2] (#cite_note-2) Simplicity is also a common theme among the lines of Swedish fashion designers, meaning clothes tend to be more neutral toned with less intricate details. Clothes are not necessarily designed for the individual to stand out. There is a strong cultural influence that plays a role in this. [3] (#cite_note-3) Swedish style [ edit ] Its use of neutral colour palettes, straight lines, and moveable designs supposedly differs from the other fashion capitals of the world that often showcase impractical luxury items made to stand out. Sweden embraces a region-wide mindset of owning and creating products that are just as functional as they are aesthetically pleasing, and clothing is not exempt from that criterion. [4] (#cite_note-4) Brands and designers [ edit ] Acne Studios is centered in Stockholm, Sweden and was created in 1996. It is the most recognized and universal brand from Scandinavia and an indulgent clothing line with styles for both men and women. [ citation needed ] They sell shoes, accessories, and clothing, with their denim being the item that got the business booming. Acne stores have expanded worldwide in a variety of countries, and they showcase their collections, as well as other art and design culture in the Acne Paper magazine that is published twice yearly. This high fashion label sells some of the bolder, more fashion-forward pieces in the Swedish fashion design world, though it still emphasizes simplicity. [5] (#cite_note-5) Rodebjer (/w/index.php?title=Rodebjer&action=edit&redlink=1) is a line designed by the Swedish person Carin Rodebjer that started in New York while she attended the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) , though the original pieces were also sold to stores in Sweden. Rodebjer's clothes are now sold in twenty different countries. This brand sells adaptable clothing. [6] (#cite_note-6) J. Lindeberg is a collection that began in 1996 in Stockholm and New York. Created by Johan Lindeberg, this brand produces high fashion activewear with a prominence in golfing and skiing attire. Only the men's line sells non-sporty clothing, such as denim, knitwear, and suits. Both the menswear and womenswear collections have golfing and skiing specific items. [7] (#cite_note-7) H&M (Hennes & Mauritz), possibly the most well-known Scandinavian fashion brand, [8] (#cite_note-8) is a Swedish based clothing line which began in 1947 in Västerås, Sweden, that has expanded worldwide. Starting out with only women's clothing, the company now sells men's, women's, and children's apparel, as well as home design products. [9] (#cite_note-9) Gudrun Sjödén (/wiki/Gudrun_Sj%C3%B6d%C3%A9n) is a Swedish fashion designer known for a colorful line of clothes. Whyred (/w/index.php?title=Whyred&action=edit&redlink=1) was created by Roland Hjort (/w/index.php?title=Roland_Hjort&action=edit&redlink=1) , Lena Patriksson (/w/index.php?title=Lena_Patriksson&action=edit&redlink=1) and Jonas Clason (/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Clason&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1999. The brand is known for its signature parka, a useful piece for the harsh winters of the Scandinavian region. The brand features purposeful items with added unexpected twists, to keep their designs moving forward. [ citation needed ] Elegance and modernism are the guiding forces behind this brand. [ citation needed ] Men's and women's everyday wear, outerwear, and more formal pieces are all part of the Whyred collection. [10] (#cite_note-10) Fashion Week in Sweden [ edit ] Fashion week in Sweden began in 2005, and is where roughly thirty designers biannually display their new collections in a series of fashion shows. It takes place in the city of Stockholm at Berns and Bukowskis. Designers put on their own shows to showcase their lines for the upcoming season. A show typically displays the spring/summer line or the fall/winter line. Fashion Week gives buyers a chance to give publicity to and talk about the designers' pieces and the general public a preview of what to expect come the change of season. Fashion week in Sweden was called off in 2019, due to increasing demands in sustainability. In 2020, Stockholm Fashion Week was re-launched in a digital fashion to meet sustainability demands. In 2022, Stockholm Fashion Week re-launched as a physical biannual event. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Discover Swedish fashion - Visit Stockholm - The official guide" (http://www.visitstockholm.com/en/See--do/Guides/Discover-Swedish-fashion/) . www.visitstockholm.com . Retrieved 2015-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Fjällräven Kånken backpack: Too cool for school" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/fjallraven-kanken-backpacks) . British GQ . 2012-10-02 . Retrieved 2022-05-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Sweden - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette | global-etiquette | resources" (http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/sweden.html) . www.kwintessential.co.uk . Retrieved 2015-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Fashion in Sweden today – a brief introduction" (https://www.visitsweden.com/svezia/PressRoom/Local-press-rooms/Italia/Ispirazione/Idee-per-articoli/Moda-svedese-Swedish-fashion/) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Yaeger, Lynn. "How to Succeed in Fashion Without Trying Too Hard" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324678604578340402927911328) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved 2015-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "CARIN RODEBJER | SOMA Magazine" (http://www.somamagazine.com/carin-rodebjer/) . www.somamagazine.com . Retrieved 2015-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "J.LINDEBERG and the BESTSELLER Group" (http://about.bestseller.com/en/AboutContent/RelatedCompanies/JLindeberg.aspx) . about.bestseller.com . Retrieved 2015-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Yaeger, Lynn. "How to Succeed in Fashion Without Trying Too Hard" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324678604578340402927911328) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved 2015-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "H&M | Discover H&M's Company Page | The Business of Fashion" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/community/companies/hm) . www.businessoffashion.com . Retrieved 2015-11-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Whyred" (http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/whyred-gdk807841) . Visitcopenhagen . Retrieved 2015-11-30 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion of Sweden (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_of_Sweden) . External links [ edit ] http://www.visitsweden.com/sweden/Things-to-do/Shopping/Swedish-fashion/ (http://www.visitsweden.com/sweden/Things-to-do/Shopping/Swedish-fashion/) v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology 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Pakistani business leader This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamoon_Sultan&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( January 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Shamoon Sultan Born Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) , Sindh (/wiki/Sindh_(Pakistan)) , Pakistan Occupation Founder & CEO Years active 1998–present Known for Khaadi (/wiki/Khaadi) Spouse Saira Shamoon Shamoon Sultan is the Founder and Chief executive officer (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) of Khaadi (/wiki/Khaadi) , one of Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) 's most successful fashion retail companies. Since its establishment in 1998, Shamoon has overseen a rapidly expanding portfolio, including Khaadi and Chapter 2. He has received numerous industry accolades, including the Lux Style Awards (/wiki/Lux_Style_Awards) for High Street Band (/wiki/Lux_Style_Awards) three times, and the Achievement in Fashion Design – Prèt (/wiki/Lux_Style_Awards) – Prêt award. Additionally, he has been nominated in various categories at the Lux Style Awards. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Shamoon earned his undergraduate degree in Textile Design from the Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture (/wiki/Indus_Valley_School_of_Art_and_Architecture) , Karachi, specialising in handloom and the weaving process. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Khaadi [ edit ] In 1997, Shamoon's visit to India strengthened his passion for reviving the craft of handloom (/wiki/Handloom) in Pakistan. He said, "I went to India a couple of times where I saw a lot of craft being promoted through retail. There was absolutely nothing of the sort in Pakistan so I thought let's give it a try. I didn’t know how it was going to happen, but I just had faith in the product and what I was doing." In December 1997 he opened his first shop in Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) 's Zamzama (/wiki/Zamzama_Park) and received wide spread acclaim within two weeks. He told Dawn News (/wiki/Dawn_News) "We started getting feedback from day one. We were stocked out in two weeks and we had to shut down the store." [3] (#cite_note-SS-Khaadi-3) By 2002, the brand was making women's ready to wear and soon expanded into women's luxury wear with Khaadi Khaas in 2008. In 2012, Khaadi changed to a fast fashion retail brand, evolving with customers and introducing colourful Khaadi Fabrics. With the launch of Khaadi Kids and Khaadi Home in 2012–2013, Khaadi Accessories in 2016 and Khaadi Fragrances in 2019, Khaadi became a lifestyle brand. [ citation needed ] In 2010, Khaadi expanded internationally by opening stores in the UAE (/wiki/UAE) first in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) and later in Abu Dhabi (/wiki/Abu_Dhabi) . In 2013, after the global success of the brand, stores were planned in the UK. [4] (#cite_note-aurora-4) Khaadi continued its trajectory of going global with the opening of its stores in Virginia and Houston in 2024. In December 2021, a massive 32,000-square-foot store called ‘The Experience Hub’ opened in Karachi's Dolmen Mall Clifton, marking the beginning of the brand's reinvention. [4] (#cite_note-aurora-4) In addition to his role as CEO of Khaadi, Shamoon's industry expertise have led him to serve on the Government of Pakistan's Advisory Committees on Heritage and the Expo 2020 (/wiki/Expo_2020) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Sustainability [ edit ] In 2022, Shamoon Sultan founded Kreate Your Mark, a non-profit platform that aims to accelerate economic empowerment for women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. [6] (#cite_note-kreate-6) Women entrepreneurs will receive 100% of the sales contribution from their product line and free access to dedicated spaces at the heart of the Experience Hubs and Centers in Karachi and Lahore. [6] (#cite_note-kreate-6) Personal life [ edit ] Shamoon Sultan is married to Saira Ruth Shamoon, whom he met at Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture. She joined Khaadi in 2002 and is now the Chief Creative Officer, leading the creative department. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Nominees announced for 2014 Lux Style Awards" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125919/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/entertainment/12-Aug-2014/nominees-announced-for-2014-lux-style-awards) . Daily Times (/wiki/Daily_Times_(Pakistan)) . August 12, 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/entertainment/12-Aug-2014/nominees-announced-for-2014-lux-style-awards) on August 19, 2014 . Retrieved August 19, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rehman, Maliva (May 16, 2010), The man who made handloom savvy , Instep Magazine, archived from the original (http://jang.com.pk/thenews/may2010-weekly/nos-16-05-2010/instep/mainissue.htm) on December 22, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-SS-Khaadi_3-0) "Khaadi's multinational ambitions-Shamoon Sultan, CEO, Khaadi, on his vision for the brand and the future of prêt wear in Pakistan" (http://aurora.dawn.com/news/1141216/khaadis-multinational-ambitions) . Marylou Andrew . Dawn News (/wiki/Dawn_News) . September 1, 2015 . Retrieved November 28, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b McCormack, Marylou (January 18, 2022). "The Reinvention of Khaadi" (https://aurora.dawn.com/news/1144325) . Aurora Magazine (/wiki/Aurora_(magazine)) . Retrieved May 28, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Zahid, Anusha (October 14, 2021). " (https://aurora.dawn.com/news/1144207) "We have changed opinions about Pakistan. That is the cherry on the cake" (https://aurora.dawn.com/news/1144207) " (https://aurora.dawn.com/news/1144207) . Aurora Magazine . Retrieved May 28, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Saleem, Shahjehan (November 20, 2022). "Kreate Your Mark: Khaadi introduces initiative for women entrepreneurs" (https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/1011617-kreate-your-mark-khaadi-introduces-initiative-for-women-entrepreneurs) . The News International (/wiki/The_News_International) . Retrieved May 28, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Leadership Details Saira Shamoon" (https://corporate.khaadi.com/leadership/details/saira-shamoon) . corporate.khaadi.com . Khaadi . Retrieved May 28, 2024 . 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Australian musical sibling duo Nervo Olivia (left) and Miriam Nervo (right) at Life Ball (/wiki/Life_Ball) 2014 Background information Also known as Mim and Liv The Nervo Twins Origin Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia Genres EDM (/wiki/Electronic_dance_music) electro house (/wiki/Electro_house) progressive house (/wiki/Progressive_house) Years active 2005–present Labels Ultra (/wiki/Ultra_Music) Virgin (/wiki/Virgin_Records) EMI (/wiki/EMI) Spinnin' (/wiki/Spinnin%27_Records) Terminal Moi Fox Big Beat (/wiki/Big_Beat_Records_(American_record_label)) Monstercat (/wiki/Monstercat) Armada (/wiki/Armada_Music) Members Miriam Nervo Olivia Nervo Website nervomusic (http://nervomusic.com) .com (http://nervomusic.com) Nervo (stylised as NERVO ) are an Australian DJ duo comprising twin sisters Olivia and Miriam Nervo (born 18 February 1982). [1] (#cite_note-1) After signing with Sony/ATV Music Publishing (/wiki/Sony/ATV_Music_Publishing) at 18 years of age, the sisters pursued careers as songwriting partners. In 2008, they signed with Fredrik Olsson (/wiki/Fredrik_Olsson_(music_executive)) and his Swedish music publishing company Razor Boy Music Publishing (/wiki/Razor_Boy_Music_Publishing) , which led to co-writing the Grammy Award (/wiki/Grammy_Award) -winning single, " When Love Takes Over (/wiki/When_Love_Takes_Over) ", performed by David Guetta (/wiki/David_Guetta) and Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) . Early life [ edit ] The Nervo twins were born in Ivanhoe (/wiki/Ivanhoe,_Victoria) , Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) on the night of 18 February 1982. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2012, the twins told a reporter that they "almost have the same birthday", [3] (#cite_note-Windy_City_Times-3) but in 2021 they said they share a birthday. [4] (#cite_note-4) Olivia was born first. [3] (#cite_note-Windy_City_Times-3) Their parents were Flaviana Benedetti and Garry Nervo, who had established a dental practice together in 1975 in Whittlesea, Victoria (/wiki/Whittlesea,_Victoria) , Australia, north of Melbourne. [5] (#cite_note-5) The Italian-heritage family included older sister Adele and younger brother Morris. Around 1992 the family moved to Ivanhoe, Victoria (/wiki/Ivanhoe,_Victoria) . [6] (#cite_note-Critchley2012-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) The twins studied at Genazzano FCJ College (/wiki/Genazzano_FCJ_College) , a girls school in Kew (/wiki/Kew,_Victoria) , where they participated in rowing and swimming, but were mainly involved in music. They completed Year 12 (/wiki/Year_Twelve) and graduated in 1999. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) The twins began their careers as models with the Australian Chadwick Models Agency. [11] (#cite_note-11) Career [ edit ] When the sisters were sixteen, a modeling agency took an interest in the pair, but Liv Nervo stated in April 2012 that music "was always the focus" for them. [12] (#cite_note-12) The sisters were accepted into the Opera Australia (/wiki/Opera_Australia) Academy, but decided to pursue a music career instead. [13] (#cite_note-13) A contract was then signed with Sony/ATV Music Publishing and the duo subsequently embarked on a songwriting career. [14] (#cite_note-geelong-14) Initial recognition for the pair occurred following the single " Negotiate with Love (/wiki/Negotiate_with_Love) ", written for British pop singer, Rachel Stevens (/wiki/Rachel_Stevens) , which reached tenth position in the United Kingdom (UK) music charts in 2005. [15] (#cite_note-15) Also in 2005, the duo released the single "Boobjob", which received substantial airplay in their native Australia. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) The duo went on to write for Kesha (/wiki/Kesha) , Richard Grey (/wiki/Richard_Grey) , Sophie Ellis-Bextor (/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor) , Ashley Tisdale (/wiki/Ashley_Tisdale) and the Pussycat Dolls (/wiki/Pussycat_Dolls) . [14] (#cite_note-geelong-14) When their publishing deal was set to expire they considered dropping their songwriting career due to a dissatisfaction with the modest level of success they had experienced while with the major publisher. [18] (#cite_note-hitquarters-18) Instead they were persuaded to give it another chance by signing with Fredrik Olsson (Music Executive) (/wiki/Fredrik_Olsson_(Music_Executive)) and his Swedish music publishing company Razor Boy Music Publishing (/wiki/Razor_Boy_Music_Publishing) in 2008. [18] (#cite_note-hitquarters-18) The move reaped quick rewards when the new publisher arranged a writing session with Kelly Rowland through Universal A&R Max Gousse. [18] (#cite_note-hitquarters-18) The group co-wrote Guetta and Rowland's number one dance hit, "When Love Takes Over" which went on to win a Grammy Award, in addition to reaching the top position on numerous charts around the world. [19] (#cite_note-19) The song was also ranked the No. 1 dance pop collaboration of all time by Billboard. [20] (#cite_note-20) The duo's official logo In March 2010, Nervo announced a worldwide recording deal with Virgin Records (/wiki/Virgin_Records) / EMI Music (/wiki/EMI_Music) , which included a joint venture to release new artists that Nervo discover and produce. [21] (#cite_note-21) They also served as ambassadors at the L'Oreal (/wiki/L%27Oreal) Fashion Festival. [22] (#cite_note-22) A month later, Nervo released their club single "This Kind of Love" through their independent UK-based dance record label, Loaded Records (/wiki/Loaded_Records) . It went number one on the world club charts, number two on the Music Week (/wiki/Music_Week) club charts and number six on the Music Week pop charts. [23] (#cite_note-23) In June 2010, Allison Iraheta (/wiki/Allison_Iraheta) released the single " Don't Waste the Pretty (/wiki/Don%27t_Waste_the_Pretty) ", co-written by Nervo. The twins also worked on records for Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) 's eleventh Aphrodite (/wiki/Aphrodite_(Kylie_Minogue_album)) , [24] (#cite_note-24) Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , [25] (#cite_note-25) Cheryl Cole (/wiki/Cheryl_Cole) , Sophie Ellis-Bextor (/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor) , Armin Van Buuren (/wiki/Armin_Van_Buuren) [26] (#cite_note-Moran-26) and for Kelly Rowland's self-titled (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland_(album)) , third studio album. [27] (#cite_note-Ger_Web-27) They also released the single "Irresistible" on Positiva/Armada, which reached number one on the UK Club Chart. [28] (#cite_note-28) In July, after DJing at Belgium's Tomorrowland (/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)) , they wrote a track with Afrojack (/wiki/Afrojack) , "The Way We See The World (Tomorrowland Anthem)" and followed this with "We're All No One" featuring Afrojack and Steve Aoki (/wiki/Steve_Aoki) which reached number 27 on the UK Dance charts. [29] (#cite_note-29) In August, Nervo signed with modeling agency, Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) . [30] (#cite_note-stylecaster-30) They were also featured in Pacha magazine . [31] (#cite_note-31) They wrote the track " Night of Your Life (/wiki/Night_of_Your_Life_(David_Guetta_song)) " performed by Jennifer Hudson on David Guetta's new album Nothing but the Beat (/wiki/Nothing_but_the_Beat) . They wrote, vocally produced and arranged Agnes Carlsson (/wiki/Agnes_Carlsson) 's single " Don't Go Breaking My Heart (/wiki/Don%27t_Go_Breaking_My_Heart_(Agnes_song)) ". The group also wrote Nicole Scherzinger (/wiki/Nicole_Scherzinger) 's single "Try With Me". In 2011, the sisters began hosting a monthly show on Sirius Radio (/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio) called "Nervonation". [32] (#cite_note-32) The single " You're Gonna Love Again (/wiki/You%27re_Gonna_Love_Again) " [33] (#cite_note-33) was leaked in 2011 and reached the No. 1 position on the Hype Machine (/wiki/Hype_Machine) chart. [34] (#cite_note-34) It was officially released in 2012. Nervo began their 2013 music production schedule with " Like Home (/wiki/Like_Home) ", with Nicky Romero, followed by the Nervo single " Hold On (/wiki/Hold_On_(Nervo_song)) ", which was released to iTunes (/wiki/ITunes) on 9 April. The music video for "Hold On" was released on 19 April and uploaded to their VEVO (/wiki/VEVO) channel on YouTube. In June 2013, Nervo were featured on the cover of Spanish magazine S Moda and a feature article that included further posed photographs was published on the magazine's website in May. [35] (#cite_note-35) In July 2013 Nervo wrote Daichi Miura (/wiki/Daichi_Miura) 's single " GO FOR IT (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GO_FOR_IT_(%E4%B8%89%E6%B5%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%9F%A5%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B2)) ". In November they also worked on records for Daichi Miura's fourth " The Entertainer (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Entertainer) ", which reached No. 5 on the Japan chart. On 24 February 2015, the twins released a new single titled "It Feels." [36] (#cite_note-36) In March, they also collaborated with Kreayshawn (/wiki/Kreayshawn) , Dev (/wiki/Dev_(singer)) and Alisa Ueno (/wiki/Alisa_Ueno) for "Hey Ricky". Both "Hey Ricky" and "It Feels" appear on their forthcoming debut artist album Collateral , set for release on 24 July 2015. Also, from Collateral , was " The Other Boys (/wiki/The_Other_Boys) " featuring Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) , Jake Shears (/wiki/Jake_Shears) and Nile Rodgers (/wiki/Nile_Rodgers) , was a remix single that was released on 23 October 2015. [37] (#cite_note-37) In 2016, the Nervo song "People Grinnin'" served as the foundation for a video produced by eight universities led by the University of South Wales (/wiki/University_of_South_Wales) . The video was part of an Australian campaign to attract more women to engineering programs. In the video, the Nervo twins are shown as futuristic androids designed by women engineers. [38] (#cite_note-38) In 2017, A3 (/w/index.php?title=A3_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1) enlisted Nervo for his remix of Guns N' Roses (/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses) ' "November Rain". [39] (#cite_note-39) In 2018, the duo's collaboration with Sofi Tukker (/wiki/Sofi_Tukker) , the Knocks (/wiki/The_Knocks) and Alisa Ueno (/wiki/Alisa_Ueno) on the former's “ Best Friend (/wiki/Best_Friend_(Sofi_Tukker_song)) ” (used in a 2017 television commercial for iPhone X (/wiki/IPhone_X) ) gave Nervo their first number one on Billboard's Dance/Mix Show Airplay (/wiki/Dance/Mix_Show_Airplay) Chart in its January 20, 2018 issue. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) In June, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) and Nervo teamed up to have their song "Worlds Collide" be the anthem for the FIVB Volleyball Nations League (VNL) for men and women. [42] (#cite_note-42) Nervo first performed "Worlds Collide" live in Ottawa, Canada for the Canada vs. USA men's match on June 10. [43] (#cite_note-43) Nervo also performed the song live at the Women's VNL Finals in Nanjing, China and the Men's VNL Finals in Lille, France. [44] (#cite_note-44) In October 2021, Nervo's song "Horizon" was used in a mini art film created within the Las Vegas mega-club Omnia. This mini art film was the first installment of One . One is a project series with content focused on storytelling, music, dance, and exotic locations, all with a dance music sound and Cirque du Soleil flair. [45] (#cite_note-45) Film and television [ edit ] In May 2013, the duo filmed scenes for the soap opera One Life to Live that included dialogue in addition to their performing DJ roles. [46] (#cite_note-46) The women also appear on Episode 6 of the TV show Styled to Rock (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(U.S._TV_series)) set to air 29 November 2013. [47] (#cite_note-47) They are profiled in the 2020 documentary film Underplayed (/wiki/Underplayed) . [48] (#cite_note-mughal-48) Personal lives [ edit ] On 31 December 2018, the twins announced via an Instagram post that they were both pregnant. [49] (#cite_note-49) Live performances [ edit ] 2010 [ edit ] In 2010, Nervo played on the Ultra Main Stage during the Winter Music Conference (/wiki/Winter_Music_Conference) . [50] (#cite_note-50) 2011 [ edit ] In June 2011, Nervo opened for pop singer, Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) on her sixth concert tour (/wiki/Concert_tour) , the Femme Fatale Tour (/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour) , along with Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) and Jessie and the Toy Boys (/wiki/Jessie_Malakouti) . [51] (#cite_note-51) They then hit the iD festival tour. [52] (#cite_note-52) They also launched a Las Vegas DJ residency with the Wynn Las Vegas (/wiki/Wynn_Las_Vegas) . [53] (#cite_note-53) The duo also performed a DJ set at Belgium's Tomorrowland (/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)) event. In September they played twice at Pacha (/wiki/Pacha_Group) in Ibiza, at two of the islands biggest club nights – David Guetta (/wiki/David_Guetta) 's Fuck Me I'm Famous (/wiki/Fuck_Me_I%27m_Famous) , [54] (#cite_note-54) and then the closing party of Pete Tongs (/wiki/Pete_Tong) All Gone Pete Tong. [55] (#cite_note-55) 2012 [ edit ] In 2012, Nervo played at Creamfields alongside Fatboy Slim (/wiki/Fatboy_Slim) and Dream Valley Festival booth in Brazil and the Sunset Music Festival in Tampa. [56] (#cite_note-56) They also played at the Electric Daisy Carnival in Las Vegas and the Spring Awakening Music Festival in Chicago in June 2012. In July 2012, the twins DJd again at Belgium's Tomorrowland and performed at the Electric Zoo event in New York City, over the American Labor Day weekend. The twins played at the Voodoo Experience (/wiki/Voodoo_Experience) in New Orleans (/wiki/New_Orleans) , Louisiana, US, in October 2012. [57] (#cite_note-57) They also played at Escape from Wonderland in San Bernardino (/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California) , US on 27 October 2012. [58] (#cite_note-58) On 7 November 2012 Covergirl announced the signing of Nervo. [59] (#cite_note-59) 2013 [ edit ] In January Nervo played on the bill of Central America's first electronic music festival The Day After. The festival was held in Panama City, Panama and also featured David Guetta, Afrojack, Rehab and others. [60] (#cite_note-60) Nervo played twice at Ultra Music Festival in Miami, Florida, U.S. They played on the "Ultra Worldwide" stage on Weekend 1 and on the "Main Stage" during Weekend 2. During March and April they toured throughout Mexico with the Alive Music Festival, alongside Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike. [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) In April they also announced a residency at Hakkasan Nightclub in the MGM Grand Las Vegas [64] (#cite_note-64) In June they played at Boonstock in Gibbons, Alberta, Canada [65] (#cite_note-65) and also returned to Electric Daisy Carnival in Las Vegas to play the Circuit Grounds. [66] (#cite_note-66) In July they performed at the first Electric Daisy Carnival in London, followed by the Main Stage and the Dim Mak Stage (alongside Steve Aoki (/wiki/Steve_Aoki) ) at Belgium's Tomorrowland (/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)) festival. [67] (#cite_note-67) The twins also headed back to Ibiza for their Nervo Nation residency at Ushuaia Beach Hotel. [68] (#cite_note-68) In August they played at the MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards) Red Carpet Ceremony as well as the MTV VMA event hosted by CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) at the Music Hall of Williamsburg in Brooklyn. [69] (#cite_note-69) In September they played at the three-day TomorrowWorld Festival in Chattahoochee Hills, Georgia, US. The festival was the inaugural US version of the Belgian Tomorrowland event and was held at a farm near Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) . [70] (#cite_note-70) In October they played on the same bill as Empire of the Sun (/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(band)) , A-Trak (/wiki/A-Trak) and Mord Fustang at Spookfest. Held at the Oracle Arena in Oakland, California, US, Spookfest is an event organised by the Live 105 radio station and its electronic dance music specialty program "Subsonic". [71] (#cite_note-71) In December they played at ZoukOut (/wiki/ZoukOut) , one of Asia's biggest music dance festivals [72] (#cite_note-72) 2014 [ edit ] Nervo performed at the second edition of summerland festival in Colombia on 5 January and at the fourth annual Avila Beach Party on 23 May along with Cash Cash (/wiki/Cash_Cash) and Manufactured Superstars (/wiki/Manufactured_Superstars) [73] (#cite_note-73) Nervo performed at Digital Dreams 2014 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada along with many others like Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Eric Prydz and Tiesto. In addition, Nervo also performed at Escapade 2014 in Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa) , Ontario, Canada alongside well-known DJ's, such as Kaskade (/wiki/Kaskade) , Carnage and Zeds Dead (/wiki/Zeds_Dead) . On 18 & 25 July 2014 they performed on the main stage of Tomorrowland (/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)) [74] (#cite_note-74) Over the Memorial Day (/wiki/Memorial_Day) weekend in May 2014, they performed during the first U.S. edition of Mysteryland (/wiki/Mysteryland) which was held at the Bethel Woods Center for the Arts (/wiki/Bethel_Woods_Center_for_the_Arts) , the site of the notable Woodstock festival (/wiki/Woodstock_festival) held in 1969. A few months later, Nervo played on the mainstage of the original version of Mysteryland, at Haarlemmermeer (/wiki/Haarlemmermeer) , Netherlands. Nervo performed at the Forever Festival, Freedom Hill Amphitheater, Sterling Heights Michigan on 19 September 2014. Nervo had also played during the Road to Ultra (/wiki/Road_to_Ultra) event in Paraguay, Asuncion (/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n) , being this their first time stepping on Paraguayan soil. 2015 [ edit ] In April 2015, it was announced that Nervo will release a single with Kylie Minogue (/wiki/Kylie_Minogue) , Jake Shears (/wiki/Jake_Shears) and Nile Rodgers (/wiki/Nile_Rodgers) soon and will be featured on the upcoming album Collateral . In May 2015, Nervo played in the second and third days of Tomorrowland Brasil, the first edition of Tomorrowland (festival) (/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)) held in Brazil during 1 – 3 May. In July 2015, Nervo played on the second day of the WiSH Outdoor festival held in the Netherlands from 3 July. – 5 July. In December 2015, Nervo played on the second day of EDC festival in Brasil. In October 2015, Nervo played at AMF (Amsterdam Music Festival) as part of ADE (Amsterdam Dance Event) on the opening night of the DJ Mag Top 100, received award ‘Highest Ranked Female DJ’ at the DJ Mag Top 100, remaining in the Top 50 at #45 and signed with Armada Music to launch their own label imprint ‘Got Me Baby! Records’. 2016 [ edit ] In June 2016 Nervo begun their Nervonation summer residency at USHUAIA in Ibiza, with dates running until the season closed in September. In July 2016 Nervo played the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, NV for the Miss USA 2016 Swimsuit Competition and also played the Opera Stage at Tomorrowland. In August 2016– Nervo played Creamfields on the Arc Stage and also played at UNTOLD Festival, in Romania. 2017 [ edit ] Nominated for ‘Best Party DJ’ at the inaugural World Dance Music Radio Awards at the Azteca Stadium on 29 March, Nervo played at the award ceremony in front of a crowd of thousands and a radio audience of over 10 million listeners across Spain, Central and South America and the Caribbean. Los 40, the radio group behind the WDM Radio Awards, broadcasts across 12 countries: Spain, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Paraguay, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Mexico. In September they will perform in Israel (/wiki/Israel) as part of the international dance festival Life in Color (/wiki/Life_in_Color) . 2022 [ edit ] Nervo returned to play on the Mainstage and the Library at Tomorrowland (festival) (/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)) 2022 [75] (#cite_note-75) in Belgium; the first Tomorrowland festival after a two-year hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Discography [ edit ] Main article: Nervo discography (/wiki/Nervo_discography) Collateral (/wiki/Collateral_(album)) (2015) DJ Magazine (/wiki/DJ_Magazine) Top 100 DJs [ edit ] Year Position Notes Ref. 2012 46 New Entry [76] (#cite_note-76) 2013 16 Up 30 2014 21 Down 5 2015 24 Down 3 2016 45 Down 21 2017 42 Up 3 2018 27 Up 15 2019 24 Up 3 2020 20 Up 4 2021 18 Up 2 2022 40 Down 22 2023 48 Down 8 See also [ edit ] Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Music portal (/wiki/Portal:Music) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) List of (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_number-one_dance_club_songs) Billboard number-one dance club songs (/wiki/List_of_Billboard_number-one_dance_club_songs) List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart (/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_on_the_U.S._Dance_Club_Songs_chart) List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance airplay chart (/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_on_the_U.S._dance_airplay_chart) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sophie Ellis-Bextor (15 March 2021). "Spinning Plates with Sophie Ellis-Bextor Episode 24: Mim and Liv NERVO" (https://play.acast.com/s/spinning-plates/episode24-livandmimnervo) . Acast (Podcast). Acast . Retrieved 15 March 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Killackey, Fiona (December 2009 – January 2010). "A Twin Thing" (http://www.somamagazine.com/a-twin-thing/) . Soma . Vol. 23, no. 8. ...27-year-old twins... ^ Jump up to: a b Nunn, Jerry (26 December 2012). "Striking a Nervo: Half of DJ duo talks Kylie, martinis" (http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Striking-a-Nervo-Half-of-DJ-duo-talks-Kylie-martinis/40955.html) . Windy City Times . Retrieved 12 June 2017 . Olivia Nervo: "...We almost have the same birthday." Windy City Times : "Who was born first?" Olivia Nervo: "I was first." ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sophie Ellis-Bextor (15 March 2021). "Spinning Plates with Sophie Ellis-Bextor Episode 24: Mim and Liv NERVO" (https://play.acast.com/s/spinning-plates/episode24-livandmimnervo) . Acast (Podcast). Acast . Retrieved 15 March 2021 . "it would be really cool [if they had different birthdays] ...We've tried to edit it a million times and each time it just gets edited back......we're the 18th of February" ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Dentists of Plenty Valley" (https://www.dentistsofpv.com.au/) . Dentists of Plenty Valley . ^ (#cite_ref-Critchley2012_6-0) Critchley, Cheryl (26 April 2012). "Twice as Nice" (https://www.theweeklyreview.com.au/meet/1823243-twice-as-nice/) . The Weekly Review . Melbourne. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "NERVO Bio, Music, News & Shows" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082846/http://www.djz.com/featured_djs/nervo/) . DJZ.com. Archived from the original (http://djz.com/featured_djs/nervo/) on 18 May 2015 . Retrieved 8 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Nervo - Electronica Oasis" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160402173531/http://www.electronicaoasis.com/exlcusive-interview-nervo/) . Electronicaoasis.com . 3 January 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.electronicaoasis.com/exlcusive-interview-nervo/) on 2 April 2016 . Retrieved 10 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Cowling, Patricia A. (August 2015). "News from the Principal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160229091904/http://www.genazzano.vic.edu.au/newsletter/newsletter---edition-12-2015/newsletter-in-full---edition-12-2015) . Newsletter . No. 12. Genazzano FCJ College (/wiki/Genazzano_FCJ_College) . Archived from the original (http://www.genazzano.vic.edu.au/newsletter/newsletter---edition-12-2015/newsletter-in-full---edition-12-2015) on 29 February 2016 . Retrieved 17 July 2016 . The outstanding Young Alumnae are Olivia and Miriam Nervo (py 1999) who were very involved with music while at Genazzano and have gone on to become internationally known in the world of contemporary music as songwriters, singers and DJs. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Olivia (Liv) & Miriam (Mim) Nervo: Outstanding Young Alumnae Award Recipients (1999)" (https://issuu.com/brucepaterson5/docs/genazzano_gen-narrations_dec___jan__95267833b35813) . Gen Narrations : 30. January 2015 . Retrieved 17 July 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Liv and Mim Nervo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100504081509/http://www.chadwickmodels.com/model/2117) . Chadwickmodels.com. Archived from the original (http://www.chadwickmodels.com/model/2117) on 4 May 2010 . Retrieved 8 September 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Independent Philly (7 April 2012). "Interview with Liv Nervo" (http://independentphilly.com/2012/04/07/interview-with-liv-nervo/) . Independent Philly . Wordpress.com . 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Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/nervo/382150-nervo-electric-daisy-carnival-london-will-be-amazing) on 6 July 2013 . Retrieved 6 January 2002 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "Nervo Nation – Ushuaïa, Ibiza – Info, DJ listings and tickets" (http://www.ibiza-spotlight.com/night/promoters/nervo-nation) . Ibiza spotlight . Retrieved 9 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) "MTV VMA Party With Ciara & Nervo | Music Hall of Williamsburg | concerts" (http://pulsd.com/new-york/concerts/music-hall-of-williamsburg/mtv-vma-party-with-ciara-and-nervo) . pulsd . Retrieved 9 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) Kerri Mason (30 September 2013). "TomorrowWorld: With The Odds Stacked Against It, the Festival Delivers" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/code/5740650/tomorrowworld-with-the-odds-stacked-against-it-the-festival-delivers) . Billboard . Billboard . Retrieved 2 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) Tamara Palmer (21 August 2013). "Live 105 Announces Subsonic Spookfest" (http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/the-city/Live-105-Announces-Spookfest-220565161.html) . NBC Bay Area . NBCUniversal Media, LLC . Retrieved 2 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "2013 | ZoukOut" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141217113018/http://www.zoukout.com/2013-2/) . Archived from the original (http://www.zoukout.com/2013-2/) on 17 December 2014 . Retrieved 17 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) "EDM scene hits the Central Coast with Avila Beach Party | Mustang News | Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo" (http://mustangnews.net/edm-scene-hits-the-central-coast-with-avila-beach-party/) . Mustang News. 12 May 2014 . Retrieved 9 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-74) "NERVO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140715110632/http://www.tomorrowland.com/en/artist/nervo) . Tomorrowland. Archived from the original (http://www.tomorrowland.com/en/artist/nervo) on 15 July 2014 . Retrieved 9 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-75) "NERVO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220726013058/https://www.tomorrowland.com/en/festival/line-up/stages/thursday--14-july-2022) . Tomorrowland. Archived from the original (https://www.tomorrowland.com/en/festival/line-up/stages/thursday--14-july-2022) on 26 July 2022 . Retrieved 26 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-76) "Top 100 (250) DJ MAG 1997 - 2020 | Top 100 DJ MAG DJS Đ?Овинки ĐœŃƒĐˇŃ‹ĐşĐ¸ Đ'кОнŃ'Đ°ĐşŃ'Đľ 2020" (https://vk.com/topic-4286148_28357370?offset=20) . Vk.com . Retrieved 23 March 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.nervomusic.com/) Podcast Nervo Twins (http://www.bonedo.de/artikel/einzelansicht/podcast-nervo.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120224043426/http://www.bonedo.de/artikel/einzelansicht/podcast-nervo.html) 24 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) v t e Nervo Miriam Nervo Olivia Nervo Studio albums Collateral (/wiki/Collateral_(album)) (2015) Singles " We're All No One (/wiki/We%27re_All_No_One) " " You're Gonna Love Again (/wiki/You%27re_Gonna_Love_Again) " " Like Home (/wiki/Like_Home) " " Hold On (/wiki/Hold_On_(Nervo_song)) " " Revolution (/wiki/Revolution_(R3hab_and_Nervo_and_Ummet_Ozcan_song)) " " The Other Boys (/wiki/The_Other_Boys) " " People Grinnin' (/wiki/People_Grinnin%27) " " Dare Me (/wiki/Dare_Me_(song)) " Related articles Discography (/wiki/Nervo_discography) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000469463361) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/296532932) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013018088) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6fcc5601-7c5b-4d53-b982-fdaa0aa45314) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐x2pxs Cached time: 20240712182250 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.796 seconds Real time usage: 1.315 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4476/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 147202/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2970/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 292562/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.529/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6796399/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 928.928 1 -total 47.45% 440.736 1 Template:Reflist 27.44% 254.902 62 Template:Cite_web 13.84% 128.579 1 Template:Authority_control 11.11% 103.213 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 10.71% 99.473 1 Template:Infobox 9.29% 86.313 2 Template:Cite_podcast 9.29% 86.303 1 Template:Short_description 5.92% 55.027 1 Template:Nervo_(DJs) 5.69% 52.829 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48675950-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712182250 and revision id 1232981358. 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This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought) that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_hair_movement&action=edit) by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone) . ( April 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) for suggestions. ( April 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The natural hair movement is a movement which aims to encourage people of African descent (/wiki/African_descent) to embrace their natural, afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) ; especially in the workplace. It originated in the United States (/wiki/United_States) during the 1960s, and resurged in popularity in the 2000s (/wiki/2000s_(decade)) . [1] (#cite_note-AfterKing-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Definition and features [ edit ] The movement is centered around Black people (/wiki/Black_people) who wear afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) in its natural, coiled, or tight, curly state. These individuals of African descent choose not to relax their hair, allowing it, instead, to grow in its natural texture. To relax one's hair means to use chemicals to straighten (/wiki/Hair_straightening) it. This can be done professionally, or through a kit purchased at a grocery store for home use. [3] (#cite_note-3) Afro-textured hairstyles can vary and may include the adoption of hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) , braids (/wiki/Braid) or even dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) . [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) [5] (#cite_note-LEparlez-5) Not all people that wear their hair naturally will choose to do without all (non-chemical) forms of straightening or styling. Additionally, for many members of the movement, "being natural" does not necessarily indicate a strict adherence to any particular type of product or styling regimen; nor is it exclusively tied to certain social or political beliefs. [6] (#cite_note-6) The word nappy , historically used as a derogatory (/wiki/Pejorative) term to describe the hair of Black people, has been positively reappropriated (/wiki/Reappropriation) by Afrodescendants (/wiki/African_diaspora) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In Francophone (/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_French_speakers) countries, nappy is often used as a portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) of 'natural' and 'happy'. [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) [8] (#cite_note-RFICr-8) [9] (#cite_note-FObn-9) [10] (#cite_note-TV5Dep-10) In the past, the word was subject to denigration, having origins that stretch back to the Atlantic slave trade (/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade) . It is surmised that nappy may have originated as a pejorative reference to the frizzy texture of cotton picked by Black slaves (/wiki/Slavery) . [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) History [ edit ] Further information: Hair straightening (/wiki/Hair_straightening) and Relaxer (/wiki/Relaxer) In the ancestral traditions, hairdressing was "an activity during which the genealogies' history and many other cultural features were taught to children. Every African hairdressing was codified according to the ethnic group and by status." [11] (#cite_note-JAJS-11) An Ashanti (/wiki/Ashantis) African comb ( Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) ). During the Atlantic slave trade (/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade) , the conditions of servitude did not allow black people to take care of their hair, as these people were subjected to denigration by their master (/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_dialectic) : 'Nappy' became a pejorative term. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Thus, the sale of millions of Africans into slavery forced them to separate from their originally aesthetic activities regarding hair care. [14] (#cite_note-FigaroRevanche-14) After the American abolition of slavery (/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States) in 1865, black populations looked to straighten their hair, so as to move closer to the dominant aesthetics in an effort to obtain work. At the time, the most used instrument for hair smoothing was the hot comb (/wiki/Hot_comb) , prior to Garrett A. Morgan (/wiki/Garrett_A._Morgan) 's invention of a relaxer cream in 1909. [11] (#cite_note-JAJS-11) [8] (#cite_note-RFICr-8) [15] (#cite_note-PNCC-15) [14] (#cite_note-FigaroRevanche-14) In the period between the 1960s–1970s, racial segregation (/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States) between blacks and whites reigned in the United States. Angela Davis (/wiki/Angela_Davis) , a young human rights activist and member of the 1966 revolutionary movement Black Panthers (/wiki/Black_Panthers) , made the Afro hairstyle (/wiki/Afro) famous. This dense and spherical hairdressing thus symbolized the emancipation and cultural affirmation of African Americans (/wiki/African_Americans) . It was adopted by multiple celebrities, such as Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) and the Jackson 5 (/wiki/The_Jackson_Five) band members. [16] (#cite_note-LePointNappy-16) [11] (#cite_note-JAJS-11) [8] (#cite_note-RFICr-8) [10] (#cite_note-TV5Dep-10) [17] (#cite_note-MCt-17) During the 1970s–1980s, popularized especially by some celebrities, the " Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) ," a newer technique to loosen tightly curled hair, became fashionable in the African American (/wiki/African_Americans) community; it can be seen in Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) 's hair in the music video of his song Thriller (/wiki/Thriller_(song)) . During these same years, dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) were also introduced into popular culture and popularized through reggae music (/wiki/Reggae) , especially by Bob Marley (/wiki/Bob_Marley) 's hair style and by the Rastafarian movement (/wiki/Rastafarian_movement) . This hairstyle can be a mark of social and spiritual distinction: "The adoption of long or very atypical hair [can reflect] rebellion or a refusal of the dominant values." [10] (#cite_note-TV5Dep-10) [15] (#cite_note-PNCC-15) Hair straightening (/wiki/Hair_straightening) was considered mainstream and performed frequently throughout the 1980s and 1990s. [9] (#cite_note-FObn-9) The return to natural hair in the organic era has been encouraged by the awareness of the harmful effects of relaxers on the scalp, ranging from itchiness, red patches, and burns to alopecia (/wiki/Hair_loss) . [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Present day [ edit ] Internet presence [ edit ] Since the emergence of Web 2.0 (/wiki/Web_2.0) , a growing number of creators have been sharing their beauty advice via: Blogs : Black Girl Long Hair , [1] (#cite_note-AfterKing-1) [20] (#cite_note-Resistance-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Naturally Curly , [1] (#cite_note-AfterKing-1) [20] (#cite_note-Resistance-20) [22] (#cite_note-22) Curly Nikki , [1] (#cite_note-AfterKing-1) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) Hair Lista , [20] (#cite_note-Resistance-20) [25] (#cite_note-8W-25) Afrobella, [1] (#cite_note-AfterKing-1) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) Un-ruly.com [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) in the US; Black Beauty Bag , [10] (#cite_note-TV5Dep-10) [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) Afrobelle , [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) Ivy-Mag [36] (#cite_note-SBE-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) in France Web-zines : Naturally Happy Hair [38] (#cite_note-38) in the US; FashizBlack , [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) [39] (#cite_note-39) Afrosomething [40] (#cite_note-8FAS-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) in France; Afro Style Magazine [43] (#cite_note-43) in the Netherlands These websites have expanded the natural hair movement around the world so as to highlight the beauty of natural hair. [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) [16] (#cite_note-LePointNappy-16) [14] (#cite_note-FigaroRevanche-14) Events and festivals [ edit ] In 2014 The Curly Girl Collective [44] (#cite_note-44) held their first CurlFest, a festival now held annually in Brooklyn, New York, that celebrates natural hair. Outside the US, several events have developed in order to accompany the natural hair movement, particularly in France and in Africa: The salon Boucles d'ébène : A demonstration, has existed for ten years, dedicated to the black hairdressing and beauty. [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) [45] (#cite_note-ROM1-45) [46] (#cite_note-DCFCC-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) The Miss Nappy Paris ′ competition: The election of "Miss Nappy" so as to promote the Afro hair beauty. [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) [48] (#cite_note-48) The Massalia Nappy Days : Lectures, projections of documentaries and fashion shows. [49] (#cite_note-49) The Crépue d'ébène Festival at Abidjan (Ivory Coast): Dedicated to the natural beauty of the African woman and to the highlighting of the nappy hair. [50] (#cite_note-50) The Natural Hair Academy : Event to better understand the nappy hair, days of advice by speakers. [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) [51] (#cite_note-NL-51) The AfricaParis Festival : Dedicated to the "Afropean" culture. [4] (#cite_note-MondeCr-4) Presence in feminist culture [ edit ] Each woman has her own reason to retrieve her authenticity; some want to preserve their hair against aggressive hair styling methods such as weaves being too tight or harmful straightening chemical products, while others simply prefer their natural hair in spite of the pressure from the dominant aesthetics. [11] (#cite_note-JAJS-11) [8] (#cite_note-RFICr-8) [9] (#cite_note-FObn-9) [52] (#cite_note-JAm-52) The natural hair movement has been encouraged by some female stars who have abandoned straightening, allowing their natural hair to make a comeback, such as Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) , Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) , Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) , Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) , and Viola Davis (/wiki/Viola_Davis) . Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) at a concert in July 2008. Aïssa Maïga (/wiki/A%C3%AFssa_Ma%C3%AFga) during the 2007 Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/2007_Cannes_Film_Festival) . Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival) . Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) sporting braids during the Formation world tour. Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/2013_Cannes_Film_Festival) . Inna Modja (/wiki/Inna_Modja) during a concert at Vaux-sur-Mer 9 August 2012. Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) sang live at the Austin Music Hall on the occasion of SXSW in March 2009. Presence in law [ edit ] On 3 July 2019, California became the first US state to prohibit discrimination over natural hair. Governor Gavin Newsom (/wiki/Gavin_Newsom) signed the CROWN Act (/wiki/CROWN_Act_(California)) into law, banning employers and schools from discriminating against hairstyles such as afros, braids, twists, and dreadlocks. [53] (#cite_note-:1-53) Likewise, later in 2019 Assembly Bill 07797 became law in New York state; it "prohibits race discrimination based on natural hair or hairstyles." [54] (#cite_note-:2-54) "Ethnic" hair care industry [ edit ] With the popularity of "going natural", hair care suppliers have seen a rapid decrease in the purchase of relaxers (/wiki/Relaxer) , the harsh chemical hair straightener. An industry that was once worth an estimated $774 million, relaxer sales have gone down 26% over the last five years, 2013 numbers report. [55] (#cite_note-mintel.com-55) Relaxer sales have fallen to 38% between 2012 and 2017. Sales are estimated to decrease to 45% by 2019. [55] (#cite_note-mintel.com-55) Women who wear their hair natural are now spending more money on chemical-free products that bring out the best result for their hair in its natural state. Hair care suppliers and markets are taking note, as Black consumers represent a lucrative market for hair care suppliers, so the brands now have to adjust for the new hair movement. [55] (#cite_note-mintel.com-55) Brands have greatly lowered their production of relaxers and instead now produce more natural-friendly products. In choosing what products to consume, black consumers rely heavily on social media to measure results from others who have gone natural. They have done this by the use of YouTube videos as tutorials on how to use products efficiently, and create reviews for potential consumers to watch. Popular brands and products include Shea Moisture (/wiki/Shea_Moisture) , DevaCurl (/wiki/DevaCurl) , and Carol's Daughter (/wiki/Carol%27s_Daughter) . [56] (#cite_note-56) The availability of products for natural black hair has been helped by the founding of Black-owned (/wiki/Black-owned_business) hair product companies such as Ruka Hair in the UK, founded by Tendai Moyo (/wiki/Tendai_Moyo) . [57] (#cite_note-57) Objections and opposition [ edit ] Many women of African descent have faced opposition from wearing their hair in naturally curly styles or other non-straight, protective styles. Many women have found that they are treated unjustly based on having naturally afro-textured hair. Natural hair can be deemed "unprofessional", turning it into a fireable offense. [58] (#cite_note-58) For example, a 12-year-old student at a Florida Christian school with natural hair "was given one week to decide whether to cut her hair or leave the academy that she has attended since third grade" after she complained to school officials about being bullied by other students. [59] (#cite_note-59) In March 2014, the United States Department of Defense (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) issued a set of guidelines that banned all afros, dreadlocks, braids, and twists that were greater than 1 ⁄ 4 " in diameter. Guidelines such as these clearly disproportionately affect and target those of African descent. [60] (#cite_note-60) They later rolled back the guidelines that same year in August by allowing two-strand twists. The Army increased the size of permissible braids and removed the word "unkempt" from their guidelines. [61] (#cite_note-61) In April 2016, a female Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) employee in the Canadian city of Toronto was reprimanded for wearing her hair in a braided hairstyle, which resulted in her filing a complaint with the Ontario Human Rights Commission (/wiki/Ontario_Human_Rights_Commission) . [62] (#cite_note-62) Hair appropriation/cultural appropriation has been an issue within the natural hair community. Many non-women of color, especially celebrities, often wear African-American hairstyles, which some have found offensive. Giuliana Rancic (/wiki/Giuliana_Rancic) apologized to actress Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) —who wore dreadlocks on the 2015 (/wiki/87th_Academy_Awards) Oscar's red carpet—after commenting that Zendaya's hair must have smelled of "patchouli oil or weed". [63] (#cite_note-63) Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) wore Fulani braids (originating from the Fulani tribe (/wiki/Fula_people) of West Africa) on three different occasions, without acknowledging the origin of these braids. [64] (#cite_note-64) She referred to them as 'Bo Derek' braids' after Bo Derek (/wiki/Bo_Derek) , an actress from the 1980s who wore Fulani braids in the 1979 film 10 . Kardashian received backlash, especially from the black community, but did not acknowledge the response. The idea of non-black women wearing natural hair styles remains controversial. [ citation needed ] [65] (#cite_note-65) Terminology [ edit ] Several words are frequently used in the vocabulary of the natural hair movement: [16] (#cite_note-LePointNappy-16) [5] (#cite_note-LEparlez-5) [66] (#cite_note-66) [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) Afro (/wiki/Afro) : A hairstyle created by combing the hair away from the scalp, allowing the hair to extend out from the head in a large, rounded-shape, much like a cloud or ball. Bantu knot: Hairstyle that consists of twisted hair rolled up into small buns. See Jada Pinkett Smith (/wiki/Jada_Pinkett_Smith) as Niobe in (/wiki/Niobe_(The_Matrix)) The Matrix series (/wiki/Niobe_(The_Matrix)) . Big chop: Cutting one's chemically straightened hair to let it grow in its natural texture. Braids (/wiki/Braid) : Hairstyle where hair is braided with extensions or with natural hair. Box braids (/wiki/Box_braids) : A form of protective styling done through braiding synthetic hair along with real hair. This promotes hair growth and protects hair from breakage and other damaging factors. Braid out: Braids are unraveled. Creamy crack: Chemical relaxers (/wiki/Relaxer) . The term was coined with the thought that the use of relaxers is addictive for those women who strive for a permanently straight hair texture. Coils: A hairstyle achieved by taking small sections of wet or very damp hair and smoothing, while rotating the sections, one by one, from root to tip. Tiny styling combs or a finger are typically used. Coily: The texture characteristic of natural Type 4 hair, whereby the configuration of the strand resembles a small-diameter ink pen spring. Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) : A style of braiding/plaiting hair into narrow strips to form geometric patterns on the scalp. A form of protective styling. Co-wash: Washing one's hair with conditioner instead of shampoo. Detangling: The process of using fingers or a wide-tooth comb to get out knots in curly textured hair. Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) : Matted or sculpted ropes of hair. Fro-hawk: Hairdressing similar to the mohawk hairstyle (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) . Hair porosity: Natural hair can have low, high, or medium porosity. Low porosity hair cuticles are very tightly closed and do not absorb water or product easily. High porosity hair cuticles are very open and absorb water and product easily. Medium porosity is more balance and absorbs water, product, and moisture easily. In order to best treat naturally curly hair, celebrity hairstylist Andre Walker (/wiki/Andre_Walker) created a hair typing system. This categorizes hair into four categories based on how tight curls are coiled. Kinky hair: Kinky hair is hair with tight curls, tight coils, or no defined curls. Tightly curled hair, tightly coiled hair or hair without defined curls. Protective hairstyle (/wiki/Protective_hairstyle) : Any coiffure configuration that keeps hair ends safely tucked away to keep the natural hair protected from the elements. These hairdos require very little daily upkeep and help strands stay moisturized. [69] (#cite_note-69) Includes braids, extensions, wigs, and weaves. See Janet Jackson in Poetic Justice (/wiki/Poetic_Justice_(film)) . Senegalese twists: Also known as rope twists where synthetic hair is used and twisted in with the natural hair. Shrinkage: Because natural hair is typically has different types of curls and textures, in its natural state it appears shorter than it would straightened. Transition: Period of time when one is transitioning from straightening their hair with heat/and or chemical products to wearing hair in its natural state. TWA (Teeny Weeny Afro): Short Afro haircut. See Viola Davis (/wiki/Viola_Davis) in the film Suicide Squad (/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(2016_film)) . Twist out: Hairstyle where twists are unraveled. See Corinne Bailey Rae (/wiki/Corinne_Bailey_Rae) . Twists: Double strands of hair wrapped around each other. Wash and go: wash one's hair and going on about one's day. This means there is no drying or styling involved and the application of product is minimal (usually a moisturizer or anti-frizz serum). The wash and go is also sometimes referred to as the "shake and go" which further emphasizes the lack of actual styling involved. The goal of a wash and go is to define natural curls. [70] (#cite_note-70) Filmography [ edit ] Nappily Ever After (/wiki/Nappily_Ever_After) , movie directed by Haifaa Al-Mansour in 2018. [71] (#cite_note-71) Good Hair (/wiki/Good_Hair_(film)) , movie directed by Jeff Stilson (/wiki/Jeff_Stilson) and produced by Chris Rock (/wiki/Chris_Rock) in 2009. My Nappy Roots: A Journey Through Black Hair-itage (/wiki/My_Nappy_Roots:_A_Journey_Through_Black_Hair-itage) , movie directed and produced by Regina Kimbell in 2008. Hair Love (/wiki/Hair_Love) , Oscar-winning short, created by Matthew A. Cherry [72] (#cite_note-72) [73] (#cite_note-73) [74] (#cite_note-74) [75] (#cite_note-75) [76] (#cite_note-76) [77] (#cite_note-77) See also [ edit ] Society portal (/wiki/Portal:Society) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) Europe portal (/wiki/Portal:Europe) Africa portal (/wiki/Portal:Africa) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) Afrocentrism (/wiki/Afrocentrism) Black is beautiful (/wiki/Black_is_beautiful) Discrimination based on hair texture (/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture) Black Panthers (/wiki/Black_Panther_Party) Black feminism (/wiki/Black_feminism) Blaxploitation (/wiki/Blaxploitation) Curly Girl Method (/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method) Internalized racism (/wiki/Internalized_racism) Nappturality (/wiki/Nappturality) Postcolonialism (/wiki/Postcolonialism) List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dr. Josephine Metcalf and Dr. Carina Spaulding, African American Culture and Society After Rodney King: Provocations and Protests, Progression and "Post-Racialism" (https://books.google.com/books?id=02gdCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Natural+Hair+Movement%22&pg=PA132) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516155737/https://books.google.com/books?id=02gdCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Natural+Hair+Movement%22&pg=PA132) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Ashgate Publishing Limited, 25/06/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) , The History Of Natural Black Hair, Plus How 2014's Afro Has A Whole New Meaning (http://www.bustle.com/#/articles/27404-the-history-of-natural-black-hair-plus-how-2014s-afro-has-a-whole-new-meaning) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131024045329/http://www.bustle.com/#/articles/27404-the-history-of-natural-black-hair-plus-how-2014s-afro-has-a-whole-new-meaning) 24 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 20/06/2014 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Permanent Hair Straightening & Chemical Relaxers | Philip Kingsley" (https://www.philipkingsley.com/hair-guide/chemical-hair-processing-and-colouring/chemical-straightening-relaxing-your-hair) . www.philipkingsley.com . 31 January 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190506014958/https://www.philipkingsley.com/hair-guide/chemical-hair-processing-and-colouring/chemical-straightening-relaxing-your-hair) from the original on 6 May 2019 . Retrieved 28 February 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) , Crépues et fières de l’être (http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/02/05/crepues-et-fieres-de-l-etre_4570832_3224.html) , 05/02/2015 ^ Jump up to: a b L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) , Parlez-vous le nappy? (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/coiffure/cheveux-afro-parlez-vous-le-nappy_1168609.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160124124100/http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/coiffure/cheveux-afro-parlez-vous-le-nappy_1168609.html) 24 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 3 October 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wilkerson, Kamina (Spring 2017). "The Natural Hair Movement An Understated Revolution" (http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=continuum) . Continuum Undergraduate Research Journal : 57–63. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190522090346/http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=continuum) from the original on 22 May 2019 . Retrieved 5 May 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "nappy hair" (https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/nappy-hair) . dictionary.com . 9 April 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220521181926/https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/nappy-hair/) from the original on 21 May 2022 . Retrieved 8 June 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d RFI (/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale) , Le mouvement Nappy : défrisage et cheveux crépus (http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20130116-2-le-mouvement-nappy-defrisage-cheveux-crepus) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151214193410/http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20130116-2-le-mouvement-nappy-defrisage-cheveux-crepus) 14 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , released on 16/01/2013 ^ Jump up to: a b c France Ô (/wiki/France_%C3%94) , La beauté noire, un marché porteur (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RFpOfc1Aho) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170407024106/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RFpOfc1Aho) 7 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , released in 2014 ^ Jump up to: a b c d TV5 Monde (/wiki/TV5_Monde) , Dépigmentation de la peau et phénomène Nappy (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJTvr05mksA) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170407021838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJTvr05mksA) 7 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , January 2015 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jeune Afrique (/wiki/Jeune_Afrique) , Juliette Smeralda : « Le modèle de beauté qu'on vend aux femmes du continent n'est pas africain » (http://www.jeuneafrique.com/41020/societe/juliette-smeralda-le-mod-le-de-beaut-qu-on-vend-aux-femmes-du-continent-n-est-pas-africain/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160221072937/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/41020/societe/juliette-smeralda-le-mod-le-de-beaut-qu-on-vend-aux-femmes-du-continent-n-est-pas-africain/) 21 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 6 November 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Maxine Leeds Craig (/wiki/Maxine_Leeds_Craig) , Ain't I a Beauty Queen?: Black Women, Beauty, and the Politics of Race (https://books.google.com/books?id=hyd-BwAAQBAJ&dq=nappy+pejorative&pg=PA21) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160932/https://books.google.com/books?id=hyd-BwAAQBAJ&dq=nappy+pejorative&pg=PA21) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Oxford University Press (/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) , 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Common Dreams NewsCenter (/wiki/Common_Dreams_NewsCenter) , " Why 'Nappy' Is Offensive (http://www.commondreams.org/views/2007/04/12/why-nappy-offensive) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151217120652/http://www.commondreams.org/views/2007/04/12/why-nappy-offensive) 17 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ", 12/04/2007 ^ Jump up to: a b c Madame Figaro (/wiki/Madame_Figaro) , Nappy hair : la revanche des femmes noires (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/nappy-hair-revanche-femmes-noires-250714-899118) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151230141613/http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/nappy-hair-revanche-femmes-noires-250714-899118) 30 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 25/07/2014 ^ Jump up to: a b Juliette Sméralda (/wiki/Juliette_Sm%C3%A9ralda) , Peau noire, cheveu crépu : l'histoire d'une aliénation (https://books.google.com/books?id=qku5AAAAIAAJ&q=Peau+noire+cheveu+cr%C3%A9pu,) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516155739/https://books.google.com/books?id=qku5AAAAIAAJ&q=Peau+noire+cheveu+cr%C3%A9pu,) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Jasor, 2004 ^ Jump up to: a b c Le Point (/wiki/Le_Point) , Nappy, ce mouvement conquérant de la planète afro (http://afrique.lepoint.fr/life-style/nappy-le-mouvement-qui-conquiert-la-planete-afro-15-12-2014-1889905_2259.php) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160529193644/http://afrique.lepoint.fr/life-style/nappy-le-mouvement-qui-conquiert-la-planete-afro-15-12-2014-1889905_2259.php) 29 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 19 December 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-MCt_17-0) Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , Le nappy hair, nouvelle tendance des cheveux Afro (http://www.marieclaire.fr/,le-nappy-hair-nouvelle-tendance-des-cheveux-afro,736904.asp) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160121131445/http://www.marieclaire.fr/,le-nappy-hair-nouvelle-tendance-des-cheveux-afro,736904.asp) 21 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) 30/04/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-18) Madame Figaro (/wiki/Madame_Figaro) , Les cheveux ont faim (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/cheveux-ont-faim-111107-10122) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151006041524/http://madame.lefigaro.fr/beaute/cheveux-ont-faim-111107-10122) 6 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 11 November 2007 ^ (#cite_ref-19) INA (/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel) , La phytothérapie (http://www.ina.fr/video/3484550001031) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151008104518/http://www.ina.fr/video/3484550001031) 8 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 7 November 2007 ^ Jump up to: a b c Dr. Johnson Elizabeth, Resistance and Empowerment in Black Women's Hair /Styling (https://books.google.com/books?id=nfLKVB_JuKEC&dq=blackgirllonghair&pg=PT169) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160936/https://books.google.com/books?id=nfLKVB_JuKEC&dq=blackgirllonghair&pg=PT169) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Ashgate, 28/07/2013 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) , Leila Noelliste's Life May Be Unconventional, But It's Awesome (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/13/black-girl-long-hair-leila-noelliste-mater-mea_n_5492889.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224703/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/13/black-girl-long-hair-leila-noelliste-mater-mea_n_5492889.html) 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 13/06/2014 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Business Wire (/wiki/Business_Wire) , Ultra/Standard Acquires TextureMedia (http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150921005926/en/UltraStandard-Acquires-TextureMedia#.VgQ0LPntlBd) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151229204429/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150921005926/en/UltraStandard-Acquires-TextureMedia#.VgQ0LPntlBd) 29 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 21/09/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-23) Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) , CurlyNikki Responds To Ebony.com's Rejection Of White Women Joining #TeamNatural (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/07/curlynikki-responds-to-eb_n_5564976.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151031152532/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/07/curlynikki-responds-to-eb_n_5564976.html) 31 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 07/07/2014 ^ (#cite_ref-24) Ayana Byrd and Lori Tharps, Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America (https://books.google.com/books?id=iYhEAwAAQBAJ&dq=curlynikki&pg=PA211) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516155741/https://books.google.com/books?id=iYhEAwAAQBAJ&dq=curlynikki&pg=PA211) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , St. Martin's Press, 12/01/2002 ^ (#cite_ref-8W_25-0) Lola Akingbola, 8 Weeks to Longer Hair!: A Guide for the Afro-Caribbean Woman. Discover Your Hair's Growth Potential! (https://books.google.com/books?id=jkGmBAAAQBAJ&dq=longhaircareforum&pg=PT103) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516155737/https://books.google.com/books?id=jkGmBAAAQBAJ&dq=longhaircareforum&pg=PT103) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Xlibris, 15/07/2013 ^ (#cite_ref-26) Jeffery A. Riley, 2011 Social Media Directory: The Ultimate Guide to Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn Resources (https://books.google.com/books?id=xl3Dhps3vA8C&dq=afrobella&pg=PT411) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516155742/https://books.google.com/books?id=xl3Dhps3vA8C&dq=afrobella&pg=PT411) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , Que Publishing, 25/08/2010 ^ (#cite_ref-27) Derald Wing Sue, Miguel E. Gallardo and Helen A. Neville, Case Studies in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (https://books.google.com/books?id=lRlrAAAAQBAJ&dq=afrobella&pg=PT31) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160934/https://books.google.com/books?id=lRlrAAAAQBAJ&dq=afrobella&pg=PT31) 16 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , John Wiley & Sons, 12/08/2013 ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Meet the Founder of Un-ruly: A Place for Black Hair and Women – Man Repeller" (http://www.manrepeller.com/2016/02/antonia-opiah.html) . Man Repeller . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160401162447/http://www.manrepeller.com/2016/02/antonia-opiah.html) from the original on 1 April 2016 . Retrieved 20 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Hair doc digs deep into black roots" (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/hair-doc-digs-deep-black-roots-article-1.1489933) . NY Daily News . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160331235603/http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/hair-doc-digs-deep-black-roots-article-1.1489933) from the original on 31 March 2016 . Retrieved 20 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "9 Must-Follow Beauty Blogs for Girls With Natural Hair" (http://www.byrdie.co.uk/natural-hair-blogs) . Byrdie . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160402194730/http://www.byrdie.co.uk/natural-hair-blogs) from the original on 2 April 2016 . Retrieved 20 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) , Les nappys : afro, belles et contentes (http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/grand-angle/les-nappys-afro-belles-et-contentes-10-04-2014-3757229.php) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034631/http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/grand-angle/les-nappys-afro-belles-et-contentes-10-04-2014-3757229.php) 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 10/04/2014 ^ (#cite_ref-32) Amina (/wiki/Amina_(magazine)) , Fatou N’diaye (http://www.amina-mag.com/?p=2140) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184210/http://www.amina-mag.com/?p=2140) 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 26/04/2014 ^ (#cite_ref-33) RFI (/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale) , Le mouvement Nappy : défrisage et cheveux crépus (http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20130116-1-le-mouvement-nappy-defrisage-cheveux-crepus) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151214193348/http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20130116-1-le-mouvement-nappy-defrisage-cheveux-crepus) 14 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 16/01/2013 ^ (#cite_ref-34) Alexa (/wiki/Alexa_(Internet)) , Audience Afrobelle.com in France (http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/afrobelle.com) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210916/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/afrobelle.com) 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , retrieved 30/05/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-35) Maxi (/w/index.php?title=Maxi_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) , Cheveux afro : les coiffer sans difficulté (http://www.maxi-mag.fr/cheveux/cheveux-afro-les-coiffer-sans-difficulte.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171253/http://www.maxi-mag.fr/cheveux/cheveux-afro-les-coiffer-sans-difficulte.html) 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 10/06/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-SBE_36-0) Salon Boucles d'Ébène, Bloguer en 2015 : Une passion ou un métier (http://www.salonbouclesdebene.com/bloguer-en-2015---une-passion-ou-un-m-tier--.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180440/http://www.salonbouclesdebene.com/bloguer-en-2015---une-passion-ou-un-m-tier--.html) 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 30/05/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-37) L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express) , Ivy Mag: « La beauté d’aujourd’hui est multiple et diversifiée » (http://blogs.lexpress.fr/styles/top-blogs-styles/2013/02/15/ivy-mag-la-beaute-daujourdhui-est-multiple-et-diversifiee) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160219185855/http://blogs.lexpress.fr/styles/top-blogs-styles/2013/02/15/ivy-mag-la-beaute-daujourdhui-est-multiple-et-diversifiee/) 19 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 15/02/2013 ^ (#cite_ref-38) Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) , Open Letter to Allure, The New York Times and Other "Lamestream" Publications: If You Don't Know, You Better Ask Somebody (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ama-yawson/open-letter-to-allure-the_b_7956616.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151122170123/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ama-yawson/open-letter-to-allure-the_b_7956616.html) 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , 08/07/2015 ^ (#cite_ref-39) Madame Figaro (/wiki/Madame_Figaro) , Notre but : banaliser la mode afro et la beauté ethnique. 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Gibson, Nappy: Growing Up Black and Female in America (https://books.google.com/books?id=wMv2PQAACAAJ&q=nappy) , Writers and Readers Ltd, 1 July 2000 Juliette Sméralda (/wiki/Juliette_Sm%C3%A9ralda) , Peau noire, cheveu crépu : l'histoire d'une aliénation (https://books.google.com/books?id=qku5AAAAIAAJ&q=Peau+noire+cheveu+cr%C3%A9pu,) , Jasor, 2004 Frantz Fanon (/wiki/Frantz_Fanon) , Peau noire, masques blancs (/wiki/Peau_noire,_masques_blancs) , Seuil, 1952 Willie Lee Morrow, 400 Years Without a Comb (https://books.google.com/books?id=RfVCAAAAIAAJ&q=400+years+without+comb) , Morrow's Unlimited Inc., 1973 Ebony (/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)) , Natural hair – new symbol of race pride (https://books.google.com/books?id=PtsDAAAAMBAJ&q=nappy&pg=PA139) , Johnson Publishing Company, December 1967 Audrey Davis-Sivasothy, The Science of Black Hair: A Comprehensive Guide to Textured Hair (https://books.google.com/books?id=WQAZAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22big+chop%22+%22transition%22&pg=PA219) , SAJA Publishing Company, 11/04/2014 External links [ edit ] Look up nappy (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nappy) , coil (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coil) , curly (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curly) , frizzy (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frizzy) , kink (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kink) , Afropean (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Afropean) , or Afropeanity (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Afropeanity) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Afro-textured hair (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Afro-textured_hair) . Chinwe (12 January 2015). "The Natural Hair Movement in the '60s and '70s; How It Began and Why It Ended" (http://blackgirllonghair.com/2015/01/the-natural-hair-movement-in-the-60s-and-70s-how-it-began-and-why-it-ended/) . Black Girl with Long Hair . Retrieved 31 March 2017 . 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Large leather gloves worn by cricket players This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wicket-keeper%27s_gloves) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Wicket-keeper's gloves" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wicket-keeper%27s+gloves%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wicket-keeper%27s+gloves%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wicket-keeper%27s+gloves%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wicket-keeper%27s+gloves%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wicket-keeper%27s+gloves%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wicket-keeper%27s+gloves%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A pair of wicket-keeping gloves. The webbing which helps the keeper to catch the ball can be seen between the thumb and index fingers. Wicket-keeper's gloves are large gloves (/wiki/Glove) used in cricket (/wiki/Cricket) and worn by the wicket-keeper (/wiki/Wicket-keeper) of the fielding team (/wiki/Fielding_(cricket)) , which protect the hands of the wicket-keeper when catching balls bowled by the bowler (/wiki/Bowler_(cricket)) , hit by a batter (/wiki/Batting_(cricket)) or thrown by a fielder. Construction [ edit ] Wicket-keeper's gloves have an anterior surface designed for catching the ball, while offering protection to fingers and the palms of the hands from painful impact. Typically, the catching surface is made of rubber and has some traction-enhancing features, such as pimples. The catching surface is coloured yellow in the image shown above. Soft padding material is placed underneath the catching surface to reduce the impact of the ball. A protective padded cuff covering the wrist area is also present on the anterior surface, but this is typically leather-encased and does not offer a catching surface. This is the green, semi-circular piece on the glove to the right in the picture above. The posterior of the glove, which is not intended for contact with the ball, is made of leather and appears as the green backing of the glove on the left side in the picture shown. Inside the glove, rubber thimbles are used to protect fingertip from injury due to impact from the ball. Legal specifications [ edit ] Wicket keeping gloves along with the inner gloves Law 40.2, which deals with the specifications for wicketkeepers' gloves, states that: If,.... the wicket-keeper wears gloves, they shall have no webbing between the fingers except joining index finger and thumb, where webbing may be inserted as a means of support. If used, the webbing shall be: (a) a single piece of non-stretch material which, although it may have facing material attached, shall have no reinforcements or tucks. (b) such that the top edge of the webbing- (i) does not protrude beyond the straight line joining the top of the index finger to the top of the thumb. (ii) is taut when a hand wearing the glove has the thumb fully extended. [1] (#cite_note-1) Incidents and anecdotes [ edit ] In 2008, Mahendra Singh Dhoni (/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni) was instructed by the match referee in an Australia-India game at the Sydney Cricket Ground (/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground) to change his wicket-keeping gloves, which were deemed to be in violation of Law 40.2. [2] (#cite_note-2) Again in 2019, ICC asked Dhoni to remove an Indian army insignia from his gloves. [3] (#cite_note-3) Wicket-keepers have been known to have a special bond with their equipment. Alan Knott (/wiki/Alan_Knott) , the legendary England wicket-keeper, is known to have worn his gloves in the evening at home to keep them supple. Jack Russell (/wiki/Jack_Russell_(cricketer,_born_1963)) , yet another notable English keeper, allegedly slept with his gloves underneath his pillow. [4] (#cite_note-4) Knott is also known to have reinforced the protection offered by his gloves by taping pieces of plasticine (/wiki/Plasticine) to his inner gloves. [5] (#cite_note-auto-5) There are known incidences [ spelling? ] of some wicket-keepers that used to insert beef steaks inside their gloves for added padding. [5] (#cite_note-auto-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Major glove manufacturers [ edit ] Gray-Nicolls (/wiki/Gray-Nicolls) Kookaburra Sport (/wiki/Kookaburra_Sport) Slazenger (/wiki/Slazenger) Sanspareils Greenlands (/wiki/Sanspareils_Greenlands) See also [ edit ] Cricket portal (/wiki/Portal:Cricket) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Cricket clothing and equipment (/wiki/Cricket_clothing_and_equipment) Baseball glove (/wiki/Baseball_glove) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Law 40 (The wicket-keeper) - Laws - Laws of Cricket - Laws & Spirit - Lord's" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100221064529/http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-40-the-wicket-keeper,66,AR.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-40-the-wicket-keeper,66,AR.html) on 2010-02-21 . Retrieved 2016-09-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Dhoni asked to change gloves" (https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dhoni-asked-to-change-wicketkeeping-gloves-339600) . ESPNcricinfo . Retrieved 16 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Furore in India after Dhoni asked to remove gloves insignia" (https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-cricket-worldcup-ind-dhoni-idUKKCN1T811F) . Reuters . 2019-06-07 . Retrieved 2023-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Woolmer, Bob; Noakes, Tim; Moffett, Helen (2008). Bob Woolmer's Art and Science of Cricket . Struik Publishers. p. 363. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-77007-658-7 . ^ Jump up to: a b Woolmer, Bob; Noakes, Tim; Moffett, Helen (2008). Bob Woolmer's Art and Science of Cricket . Struik Publishers. p. 364. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-77007-658-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Ernest "Barberton" Halliwell: The man who first put raw steaks in wicketkeeping gloves" (https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/ernest-barberton-halliwell-the-man-who-first-put-raw-steaks-in-wicket-keeping-gloves-184326) . Cricketcountry.com . Retrieved 16 November 2021 . 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Japanese manufacturer and retailer of clothing Tabio Corporation Company type socks and tights Founded 1968 ; 56 years ago ( 1968 ) Number of locations Japan, US, France, UK, China, Taiwan Website Tabio Japan (http://www.tabio.com/jp/) Tabio USA (http://www.tabiousa.com) Tabio, Neal Street, Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) , London Tabio is a Japanese manufacturer and retailer of socks (/wiki/Sock) , stockings and tights. [1] (#cite_note-1) Tabio has 270 stores in Japan, US, France, UK, China and Taiwan. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Tabio" (https://www.sevendials.co.uk/stores/tabio/) . Seven Dials . Retrieved 20 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "ショップリスト -Tabio（タビオ）" (http://www.tabio.com/jp/store-search/) . Tabio.com . 29 January 2016 . Retrieved 20 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Store Locator" (http://www.tabio.com/uk/store/) . Tabio.com . Retrieved 20 February 2016 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.tabio.com/jp/) This article about a Japanese corporation- or company-related topic is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabio_(company)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐2d65v Cached time: 20240712191038 Cache expiry: 1658964 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.330 seconds Real time usage: 0.580 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1638/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15629/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1877/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17858/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.206/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4443077/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 440.552 1 -total 32.74% 144.253 1 Template:Infobox_Company 22.50% 99.118 1 Template:Reflist 22.05% 97.142 1 Template:Infobox 19.61% 86.380 3 Template:Cite_web 18.32% 80.718 1 Template:Short_description 15.47% 68.139 1 Template:Japan-company-stub 15.03% 66.225 1 Template:Asbox 10.29% 45.322 2 Template:Pagetype 5.52% 24.331 10 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49494929-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712191038 and revision id 1205157793. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabio_(company)&oldid=1205157793 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabio_(company)&oldid=1205157793) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies of Japan (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Japan) Socks (/wiki/Category:Socks) Hosiery brands (/wiki/Category:Hosiery_brands) Japanese company stubs (/wiki/Category:Japanese_company_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2017) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Swedish clothing manufacturer and retailer Happy Socks Happy Socks dot pattern Industry Retail Founded 2008 ; 16 years ago ( 2008 ) in Stockholm, Sweden Founder Viktor Tell, Mikael Söderlindh Products Socks, underwear, swimwear Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Palamon Capital Partners (/wiki/Palamon_Capital_Partners) (majority shareholder) Website www (https://www.happysocks.com) .happysocks (https://www.happysocks.com) .com (https://www.happysocks.com) Happy Socks Store Silverlake, California (/wiki/Silverlake,_California) Happy Socks is a Swedish manufacturer and retailer of socks (/wiki/Sock) , underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , and swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) . The company was founded in 2008 by Mikael Söderlindh and Viktor Tell who respectively took on the roles as CEO and creative director. In 2017, Palamon Capital Partners (/wiki/Palamon_Capital_Partners) acquired the majority share and Stefan Fragner became CEO. Their merchandise is sold in 90-plus countries, with 12,000 points of sale, as well as online, and over 100 Happy Socks stores. [1] (#cite_note-Footwear_News-1) In addition to its headquarters in central Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , Sweden, in 2018, the company opened its first office abroad in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , [2] (#cite_note-Mr_Mag-2) followed by an office in Munich (/wiki/Munich) , Germany in January 2019 in order to operate all wholesale accounts directly. [3] (#cite_note-Textilmitteilunger-3) Company history [ edit ] Happy Socks began in April 2008, when Mikael Söderlindh, an advertising executive, and Viktor Tell, an illustrator and graphic designer, came up with the idea of colorful, printed socks. Three weeks later, they began production in a Turkish factory. The socks launched for a price point of $10 and were initially sold on the company’s own website. In the first year, Happy Socks' turnover was €1,000,000 (US$1,136,750). Sales doubled the next year. [4] (#cite_note-Fast_Company-4) Since then the company has grown about 50% annually. [5] (#cite_note-Oasis-5) In 2016, the brand generated retail sales of $106.4 million. [6] (#cite_note-WWD_4-6) The company opened a new headquarters in 2017. Called the Happy House, the six-story building is located in central Stockholm. The same year, private equity firm Palamon Capital Partners (/wiki/Palamon_Capital_Partners) acquired a majority stake from Scope Growth III. At the time, they invested $81.2 million in Happy Socks stock, and Palamon invested about $4.5 million of growth capital that the founders used to build namesake stores around the world. [7] (#cite_note-WWD-7) As of 2018, the brand had sold more than 40 million socks worldwide. Happy Socks expanded to produce underwear and kids socks in 2014, as well as an athletic collection aimed at sneaker wearers and a dressed collection for men more into tailoring in 2015. Later in 2017, they launched Hysteria, a fashion collection in materials such as slinky viscose, glitter, and nylon that is manufactured in Portugal and Italy. [8] (#cite_note-WWD_2-8) With Happy Socks already in upscale stores like Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) and Opening Ceremony (/wiki/Opening_Ceremony) , this new collection designed by associate creative director, Paula Maso, [9] (#cite_note-Racked-9) moved Happy Socks into retailers such as Selfridges, John Lewis, Urban Outfitters Tessuti, [10] (#cite_note-Drapers-10) Bloomingdales, Galeries Lafayette, Voo Berlin, and 10 Corso Como. [11] (#cite_note-Sportswear_Int-11) By the end of 2018, Happy Socks had opened 100 concept stores in cities such as Paris, London, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Stockholm, and Tokyo. In December, the brand opened its third New York City location in Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) to add to its Soho (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) and Williamsburg, Brooklyn (/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn) facilities. [1] (#cite_note-Footwear_News-1) In May 2019, Happy Socks opened their second Happy Socks store in Los Angeles. This concept store situated in Silver Lake, Los Angeles is also home to The Rabbit Hole, a creative hub for the brand where a small team, which includes both the founders, work on special projects. [12] (#cite_note-Fashion_United-12) Happy Socks began producing men's swim trunks in 2018. [6] (#cite_note-WWD_4-6) In Spring 2019, Happy Socks expanded the swimwear to include a women's line, slider footwear, beach bag, towel and pool float, all using the vibrant prints for which the company is known. [13] (#cite_note-FN-13) Celebrity partnerships [ edit ] Collaborations have always been an important part of the brand's DNA. In addition to the Happy Socks original line, the brand had attracted a number of celebrities who would collaborate on creative projects and sock designs. In 2013, David LaChapelle photographed the fall marketing campaign, which featured male and female dancers with socks and nothing else. [14] (#cite_note-WWD_3-14) Film director Robert Rodriguez (/wiki/Robert_Rodriguez) , known for El Mariachi , From Dusk Till Dawn, and the Spy Kids franchise, created “Sock ‘Em Dead,” a short promotional movie starring Madison Davenport (/wiki/Madison_Davenport) ( From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series ) as an actress making a vampire film who utilizes socks as a weapon. Danny Trejo (/wiki/Danny_Trejo) and Wilmer Valderrama (/wiki/Wilmer_Valderrama) also star. Rodriguez's sock designs were vampires. [15] (#cite_note-Fast_Company_2-15) Video director Tim Erem (/wiki/Tim_Erem) partnered with Happy Socks to make a promotional video called "Happy Holidays" during 2018 that starred a tap-dancing Pedro Pascal (/wiki/Pedro_Pascal) , and choreography by Michael Rooney (/wiki/Michael_Rooney) . [16] (#cite_note-Forbes-16) Marking its 10th anniversary in 2018, Happy Socks released designs that paid tribute to Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) , a collaboration with recording artist Wiz Khalifa (/wiki/Wiz_Khalifa) , and a second Beatles (/wiki/Beatles) series, this one celebrating the 50th anniversary of the group's film, Yellow Submarine (/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(film)) . [1] (#cite_note-Footwear_News-1) In addition, the company has collaborated with the Elton John AIDS Foundation (/wiki/Elton_John_AIDS_Foundation) and released Keith Haring (/wiki/Keith_Haring) socks and underwear. [17] (#cite_note-Out-17) Happy Socks' other collaborations include Iris Apfel (/wiki/Iris_Apfel) , Ellen Von Unwerth (/wiki/Ellen_Von_Unwerth) , and André Saraiva (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Saraiva) ; brands like Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) , Pharrell (/wiki/Pharrell) 's Billionaire Boys Club, and Giles Deacon (/wiki/Giles_Deacon) ; and other musicians A$AP Rocky (/wiki/A$AP_Rocky) , Miike Snow (/wiki/Miike_Snow) , Steve Aoki (/wiki/Steve_Aoki) [18] (#cite_note-Forbes_2-18) and Rolling Stones (/wiki/Rolling_Stones) . [19] (#cite_note-L'Officiel-19) In April 2019, Happy Socks released a short film collaboration with David Hasselhoff (/wiki/David_Hasselhoff) called "The Hoff's Day Off" that includes swimwear in colourful prints and summer accessories for men and women. [20] (#cite_note-Fashionista_2-20) Hasselhoff stars in the accompanying video campaign. [21] (#cite_note-Fbs-21) See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Bell, Jennie (11 December 2018). "Happy Socks Opens Its 100th Store in the Heart of Times Square" (https://footwearnews.com/2018/business/retail/happy-socks-new-york-times-square-100th-store-1202716230/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mr_Mag_2-0) Garner, Stephen (19 September 2017). "Happy Socks To Open New York Office To Focus On North American Expansion" (https://mr-mag.com/happy-socks-to-open-new-york-office-north-american-expansion/) . Mr Magazine . Retrieved 29 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Textilmitteilunger_3-0) "Happy Socks: Übernahme der DACH-Region" (https://www.textilmitteilungen.de/news-handel-handel/happy-socks-uebernahme-der-dach-region) . Textilmitteilunger . 22 November 2018 . Retrieved 29 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fast_Company_4-0) Carter, Meg (16 December 2011). "Happy Socks Builds A Business–And Happiness–Two Feet At A Time" (https://www.fastcompany.com/1679274/happy-socks-builds-a-business-and-happiness-two-feet-at-a-time) . Fast Company . Retrieved 3 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Oasis_5-0) "Happy Socks" (http://www.oasiscapital.com.bh/portfolio_type/happy-socks/) . oasiscapital.com . Retrieved 29 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, Aria (27 April 2018). "Starrett-Lehigh: The Fashion Houses' Home FASHION INTIMATES Happy Socks Founders Map Out Expansion Strategy" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/intimates/happy-socks-founders-map-out-expansion-strategy-1202661854/) . WWD . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-WWD_7-0) Hughes, Aria (8 February 2017). "Happy Socks Opens New Stockholm Headquarters" (https://wwd.com/business-news/real-estate/happy-socks-stockholm-headquarters-10780822/) . WWD . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-WWD_2_8-0) Hughes, Aria (28 August 2017). "Happy Socks Goes After Women" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/intimates/happy-socks-goes-after-women-10967156/) . WWD . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Racked_9-0) Pina, Tanisha (28 September 2017). "I Never Cared About 'Cute' Socks Until I Saw These" (https://www.racked.com/2017/9/28/16370452/hysteria-happy-socks-brand) . Racked . Retrieved 28 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Drapers_10-0) Spybey, Kat (26 November 2014). "Happy Socks to open UK flagship in London" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/happy-socks-to-open-uk-flagship-in-london/5066636.article) . Drapers . Retrieved 29 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sportswear_Int_11-0) Pavarini, Maria Cristina (11 October 2013). "Happy Socks collaborate with David LaChapelle" (https://www.sportswear-international.com/news/stories/Happy-Socks-collaborate-with-David-LaChapelle-7410) . Sportswear International . Retrieved 29 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion_United_12-0) Arden Chong, Dale (1 May 2019). "Happy Socks opens new Creative Hub with second Los Angeles location" (https://fashionunited.com/news/retail/happy-socks-opens-new-creative-hub-with-second-los-angeles-location/2019050127577) . Fashion United . Retrieved 4 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-FN_13-0) Driver, Robin (10 April 2019). "Happy Socks expands into swimwear for SS19" (https://hk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Happy-Socks-expands-into-swimwear-for-SS19,1087667.html#.XLC0t5hKhPY) . Fashion Network . Retrieved 12 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-WWD_3_14-0) Lipke, David (9 October 2013). "David LaChapelle Lenses Happy Socks Campaign" (https://wwd.com/business-news/media/happy-dance-7214351/) . WWD . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fast_Company_2_15-0) Solomon, Dan (20 October 2015). "Experience The Terror Of Happy Socks In A Very Meta Short Film From Robert Rodriguez" (https://www.fastcompany.com/3052500/experience-the-terror-of-happy-socks-in-a-very-meta-short-film-from-robert-rodriguez) . Fast Company . Retrieved 3 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Forbes_16-0) Binlot, Ann (12 November 2018). "Watch 'Game Of Thrones' And 'Narcos' Actor Pedro Pascal Dance Into The Holiday Season With Happy Socks" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/abinlot/2018/11/12/watch-happy-socks-and-game-of-thrones-and-narcos-actor-pedro-pascal-dance-into-the-holiday-season/#1217c8423bfb) . Forbes . Retrieved 3 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Out_17-0) McBain, Amelia (27 April 2018). "The Happy Socks Founders Embrace 'Love For All' With Keith Haring" (https://www.out.com/out-exclusives/2018/4/27/happy-socks-founders-embrace-love-all-keith-haring) . Out Magazine . Retrieved 4 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Forbes_2_18-0) Binlot, Ann (9 May 2018). "Happy Socks Turns 10 After Collaborations With Iris Apfel, Snoop Dogg, A$AP Rocky, The Beatles" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/abinlot/2018/05/09/happy-socks-turns-10-after-collaborations-with-iris-apfel-snoop-dogg-aap-rocky-the-beatles/#18bf89ad4877) . Forbes . Retrieved 1 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-L'Officiel_19-0) Sahai, Fred (8 March 2019). "A Stones Rocker for Each Pair of Socks from their Happy Socks Collab" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/rolling-stones-happy-socks-2019) . L'Officiel . Retrieved 1 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fashionista_2_20-0) Soo Hoo, Fawnia (9 April 2019). "A BONKERS CHAT WITH DAVID HASSELHOFF ABOUT HOFF MERCH AND HIS STARRING ROLE IN THE HAPPY SOCKS SUMMER CAMPAIGN" (https://fashionista.com/2019/04/david-hasselhoff-happy-socks) . Fashionista . Retrieved 12 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fbs_21-0) DeAcetis, Joseph (9 April 2019). "David Hasselhoff Stars In Happy Socks First Swim Collection Celebrating A Carefree Heart Of Summer" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/josephdeacetis/2019/04/09/david-hasselhoff-stars-in-happy-socks-first-swim-collection-celebrating-a-carefree-heart-of-summer/#38acf0e453ef) . Forbes . Retrieved 12 April 2019 . 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This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Franklin & Marshall" company (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Franklin+%26+Marshall%22+company) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Franklin+%26+Marshall%22+company+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Franklin+%26+Marshall%22+company&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Franklin+%26+Marshall%22+company+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Franklin+%26+Marshall%22+company) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Franklin+%26+Marshall%22+company&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Franklin & Marshall Company type Clothing Founded 1999 Headquarters Montorio Veronese (/wiki/Montorio_Veronese) , Verona (/wiki/Verona) , Veneto (/wiki/Veneto) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Website Official website (http://www.franklinandmarshall.com/en/) Franklin & Marshall , Neal Street, Covent Garden Franklin & Marshall is an Italian clothing manufacturer and retailer, founded and headquartered in Montorio Veronese (/wiki/Montorio_Veronese) , a town in the province of Verona (/wiki/Verona) in 1999. The company was founded in 1999 by two entrepreneurs in Montorio Veronese (/wiki/Montorio_Veronese) , a town in the province of Verona. [1] (#cite_note-1) The founders, Giuseppe Albarelli and Andrea Pensiero, discovered an old Franklin & Marshall College (/wiki/Franklin_%26_Marshall_College) (based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania) jumper in a London charity shop, and started a fashion label because they liked the name. [ citation needed ] 90% of their clothing is made in Italy. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Company - Franklin & Marshall - Franklin & Marshall - Franklin & Marshall" (http://www.franklinandmarshall.com/en/about-company/) . Franklinandmarshall.com . Retrieved 21 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Brand - Franklin & Marshall - Franklin & Marshall" (http://www.franklinandmarshall.com/en/about-brand-protection/) . Franklinandmarshall.com . Retrieved 21 February 2016 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.franklinandmarshall.com/en/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000107072179) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/152947566) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87850856) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐js8px Cached time: 20240713185103 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.371 seconds Real time usage: 0.763 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1515/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27572/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1792/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16839/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.257/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5245630/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 456.694 1 -total 22.44% 102.500 1 Template:Reflist 21.27% 97.137 1 Template:Infobox_company 19.72% 90.070 2 Template:Cite_web 19.02% 86.847 1 Template:Infobox 18.73% 85.554 1 Template:Authority_control 17.38% 79.351 1 Template:Primary_sources 14.05% 64.174 1 Template:Ambox 6.95% 31.723 1 Template:Portal 6.80% 31.052 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49505291-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713185103 and revision id 1011178295. 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French sportswear designer and manufacturer For the video game, see Yakuza Kiwami (/wiki/Yakuza_Kiwami) . Official Logo Kiwami (Triathlon) is a French company that designs and manufactures triathlon (/wiki/Triathlon) apparel. The company is headquartered near Pau, France. It was founded in 2003 by two professional triathletes, one from France, Hélène Salomon and one from New Zealand, Craig Watson. The company takes its name from "kiwi", the symbol of New Zealand and "ami" that means "friend" in French. The logo features a kiwi bird wearing a French beret. Kiwami sponsors many high-profile triathletes and triathlon teams around the world, following the motto: "feel the performance". Besides triathlon products, Kiwami also develop other products such as swimwear, triathlon accessories, [1] (#cite_note-1) casual wear and cycling wear. History [ edit ] In 2003 pro triathletes Salomon (/w/index.php?title=Salomon-Watson_Helene&action=edit&redlink=1) and Craig Watson (/wiki/Craig_Watson_(triathlete)) hung up their wetsuits, TT bikes and race flats to found Kiwami. Craig, who was 3rd at the 2001 ITU World Champs, is a former ITU N°1 ranked athlete and represented New Zealand in a triathlon at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, while Hélène is a multiple French champion and was the first Frenchwoman to win an official IRONMAN® (/wiki/Ironman_World_Championship) event. Both are still active athletes and are always the first people to test Kiwami’s new products. The first product created by Kiwami was the emblematic « Amphibian » trisuit, which is still used by numerous pros and national teams, and has been a constant in the past 3 Olympic triathlon events. Awards [ edit ] At ISPO (/wiki/Internationale_Fachmesse_f%C3%BCr_Sportartikel_und_Sportmode) Munich 2014, Kiwami presented a revolutionary trisuit - the Spider WS1. A jury of international sports industry experts carried out detailed assessments and testing of more than 400 products and selected the Kiwami trisuit as winner of the Gold Award for best performance Base Layer Product. Athletes [ edit ] Kiwami sponsors a certain number of world-class triathletes and teams around the world. It is the official partner of the Netherlands, the South African and the Argentinian federations. Kiwami helps many professional triathletes by providing the best performing trisuits on the market. Triathletes such as Frédéric Belaubre (/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Belaubre) , Laura Reback (/wiki/Laura_Bennett_(triathlete)) , Nicky Samuels (/wiki/Nicky_Samuels) , Greg Bennett (/wiki/Greg_Bennett_(triathlete)) , Filip Ospaly (/wiki/Filip_Ospal%C3%BD) , Matt Reed (/wiki/Matt_Reed) , Rachel Klamer (/wiki/Rachel_Klamer) , Richard Murray (/wiki/Richard_Murray_(triathlete)) , Richard Varga (/wiki/Richard_Varga_(triathlete)) , Dmitry Polyansky (/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky) , Alexander Bryukhankov (/wiki/Alexander_Bryukhankov) , and Cyril Viennot (/w/index.php?title=Cyril_Viennot&action=edit&redlink=1) have worn Kiwami trisuits, from the Olympic Games to the shores of Hawaii. See also [ edit ] Sports portal (/wiki/Portal:Sports) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Cooperalls (/wiki/Cooperalls) Sportswear (activewear) (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Start Fitness (https://startfitness.co.uk/) External links [ edit ] "Superstealthy Speed" in Bicycling . May 2008. Volume 49. Number 4. Page 96. Kiwami ISPO Award Gold Winner in 2014 : http://award.ispo.com/en/Winner-2014/Products/Performance/Baser-Layer/Kiwami/ (http://award.ispo.com/en/Winner-2014/Products/Performance/Baser-Layer/Kiwami/) Kiwami history : https://kiwamitriathlon.com/e-shop/fr/content/8-origins (https://kiwamitriathlon.com/e-shop/fr/content/8-origins) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐ljhdc Cached time: 20240721093032 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.093 seconds Real time usage: 0.393 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 284/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2702/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 557/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2667/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.040/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1549577/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 116.641 1 -total 54.50% 63.575 1 Template:Short_description 31.18% 36.366 2 Template:Pagetype 18.20% 21.234 1 Template:Portal 16.37% 19.089 1 Template:For 14.09% 16.434 3 Template:Main_other 12.45% 14.517 1 Template:SDcat 9.35% 10.902 1 Template:Reflist 1.51% 1.756 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49521851-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721093032 and revision id 1235806296. 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British model (born 1986) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) relies on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . You can help by adding reliable sources to this article. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately . ( July 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Sam Webb Born ( 1986-05-23 ) 23 May 1986 (age 38) Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham) , United Kingdom Nationality British Modeling information Height 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) [1] (#cite_note-wn-1) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Website Sam Webb (https://www.instagram.com/samwebb1/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Sam Webb (born 23 May 1986) is a British model. Career [ edit ] Sam Webb was born in Birmingham, after being scouted in 2006 in his hometown by top modelling agency Select model management. He began a lucrative modelling career for various brands including, [2] (#cite_note-2) Frankie Morello, Iceberg, Calvin Klein, Belstaff, Armani and many other top brands. His first big break came walking in a plethora of Milan fashion shows. He was selected for the promotional campaign for Dolce & Gabbana photographed by Steven Klein alongside fellow models Adam Senn, David Gandy, and Noah Mills. Sam has continued to work at the highest level of the modelling industry shooting for Vogue Italia, Vogue Hommes, GQ, GQ style and on numerous occasions working alongside top photographers such as Bruce Weber, Giampaolo Sgura and Morelli brothers. He has starred in various TV commercials such as: Diesel Only the Brave Tattoo Fragrance, Schweppes and Garnier to name a few. Sam Webb became one of the faces of Dolce & Gabbana, appearing in the promotional campaigns of the brand. Thanks to such popularity, Sam Webb began working for other brands such as Roberto Cavalli, Giorgio Armani, Diesel, Ermanno Scervino, and 7 For All Mankind in an advertising campaign alongside Angela Lindvall. He stars on Models.com with the accolade of a “money” guy in the Modelling industry. He continues to be at the forefront of the male modelling world. In 2021, he starred in Dolce & Gabbana alongside Sharon Stone and Adam Senn. Agencies [ edit ] New Madison - Paris (/wiki/Paris) Priscilla's Model Management - Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) Select Model Management (/wiki/Select_Model_Management) - London (/wiki/London) Soul Artist Management - New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) Elite Toronto - Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) View Management - Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) Why Not Model Management (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Management) - Milan (/wiki/Milan) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-wn_1-0) di Sam Webb (http://www.whynotmodels.com/model/sam_webb/portfolio) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130811101914/http://www.whynotmodels.com/model/sam_webb/portfolio) 2013-08-11 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) from the site for Why Not Model Agency (/wiki/Why_Not_Model_Agency) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dolce & Gabbana External links [ edit ] Sam Webb (http://models.com/people/sam-webb) on models.com biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐qx6p8 Cached time: 20240623204446 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.257 seconds Real time usage: 0.384 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2048/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15185/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2164/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6793/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.181/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6217218/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 354.143 1 -total 57.16% 202.431 1 Template:Infobox_model 18.96% 67.155 1 Template:Short_description 14.69% 52.022 1 Template:BLP_one_source 13.30% 47.099 1 Template:Ambox 11.87% 42.045 1 Template:Infobox 10.78% 38.183 2 Template:Pagetype 8.70% 30.827 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 8.21% 29.077 1 Template:Height 8.18% 28.978 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50080668-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623204446 and revision id 1199175858. 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Italian apparel brand C.P. Company Founded 1971 Founder Massimo Osti Website www.cpcompany.com (http://www.cpcompany.com) C.P. Company is an Italian apparel brand founded in 1971 by designer Massimo Osti (/wiki/Massimo_Osti) . [1] (#cite_note-FGF1-1) Initially called Chester Perry by the suggestion of his fashion entrepreneur friend Corrado Zannoni, its name was changed in 1978 following a lawsuit by Chester Barrie and Fred Perry, for the use of their first name and surname. [2] (#cite_note-beniculturali-2) C.P. Company clothing design often conducts research and design into military uniforms and work suits. [3] (#cite_note-Social-3) It became known for its functional, military-inspired outerwear and the use of innovative fabrics, processing techniques and design. Its " Mille Miglia (/wiki/Mille_Miglia) jacket" (also known as " Goggle jacket (/wiki/Goggle_jacket) ", 1988), features two clear lenses on the hood — the "goggle" — and one on the wrist, for the wristwatch. [4] (#cite_note-millemiglia-4) [5] (#cite_note-CDS-5) Since 1975 C.P. Company has produced over 40,000 garments. [3] (#cite_note-Social-3) Today, the brand has generated a large following within Dutch and English 'football hooligan' subculture. C.P. Company continues to deliver modern field jackets, soft shell goggle jackets, lens sleeve sweatshirts, and more. [6] (#cite_note-6) Ownership [ edit ] In 1984, Osti sold his company shares to GFT (Gruppo Finanziario Tessile), but stayed on as the brand's stylist until 1994. [7] (#cite_note-osti-archive-7) In 1993 the brand was acquired by Carlo Rivetti. Rivetti changed the name of the company from C.P. Company to Sportswear Company. In 2010 it was sold to Enzo Fusco's FGF Industry S.P.A. [8] (#cite_note-FGF3-8) In 2015, the company's intellectual property was bought by Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) apparel group Tristate Holdings Limited ( SEHK (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange) : 458 (https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Securities-Prices/Equities/Equities-Quote?sym=458&sc_lang=en) ). [9] (#cite_note-quamnet-9) History [ edit ] C.P. Company was founded in 1971 in Bologna, Italy, by designer Massimo Osti (/wiki/Massimo_Osti) (1944–2005). The brand was originally called Chester Perry but following joint legal action by the British menswear brands Chester Barrie (/wiki/Chester_Barrie) and Fred Perry (/wiki/Fred_Perry_(clothing_label)) , the name was changed to C.P. Company in 1978. [10] (#cite_note-10) Initially the company produced t-shirts screen-printed with graphic designs developed by Osti, but by 1973 the brand started to produce other garments including jackets, trousers, and shirts. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 1984 Osti sold the company to GFT (Gruppo Finanziario Tessile) but stayed working with the company as a designer until 1994. In 1993 the company was bought by Carlo Rivetti (b. 1956) and became part of a larger group called Sportswear Company S.p.A. [12] (#cite_note-12) Massimo Osti resigned as creative director in 1994, and Romeo Gigli (/wiki/Romeo_Gigli) (b. 1949) was employed as the brand’s creative director, designing menswear, and launching a womenswear line. In 1997, Moreno Ferrari (b. 1952) succeeded Gigli as creative director. In 2001 Alessandro Pungetti was announced as the company's new creative director, where he remained in this role until 2009 when Wallace Faulds (b. 1979) was appointed by Carlo Rivetti as the new head of design. [13] (#cite_note-13) C.P. Company was sold by Rivetti to FGF Industry SpA in 2010. [14] (#cite_note-14) Alessandro Pungetti was reappointed as joint creative director alongside Paul Harvey in 2012. [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2015 FGF Industry SpA sold the company to Tristate Holdings Limited. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2019, Lorenzo Osti, the son of Massimo Osti, was appointed president of C.P. Company. [17] (#cite_note-17) The brand opened a flagship store in Milan in 2019, followed by new retail locations in Amsterdam in September 2020, Riccione in June 2021, and London in 2022. [18] (#cite_note-18) Garment Dyeing and textile innovation [ edit ] An important element of C.P. Company's design aesthetic is the use of complex dye processes to generate a range of finishes to garments across their product line. In 1974 C.P. Company started developing whole garment dyeing ( Tinto in capo) as a technique of removing the stiffness from new fabrics and giving a worn appearance to final garments including T-shirts, trousers, jackets, and knitwear. [19] (#cite_note-19) C.P. Company established a technologically advanced dyeing laboratory in Ravarino, Italy to develop processes for whole garment dyeing, as there were no existing industrial processes for this treatment at the time. This resulted in the development of a number of new techniques, which were subsequently adopted by other fashion brands. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) The brand also developed new methods for dyeing garments that are constructed from different fibres, such as cotton and nylon, by applying multiple dyes in a single process, which results in an extensive range of finishes including a dual-colour appearance. [22] (#cite_note-22) This method enabled the company to purchase large quantities of a single raw material at a lower price, which could then be used over multiple seasons while appearing completely different due to the dyeing processes used. [23] (#cite_note-23) In addition to garment dyeing ( Tinto in capo ) C.P. Company were instrumental in the development of several other fabrics and treatments including 50 Fili, Velvet Wool, Rubber Wool and Rubber Flax. [24] (#cite_note-24) More recently the brand has utilised a variety of other cutting-edge materials including Dynafil TS-70, Dyneema, Chrome, Taylon L, NyBer, P.Ri.S.M, Polartec Alpha, Micro-M, and M.T.t.n. [25] (#cite_note-25) Garment-based research [ edit ] C. P. Company’s design process was initially informed by Osti’s substantial garment archive, which was used to research archetypal military, industrial, or utilitarian garments and reinterpret details of their design to inform new design outcomes. By 1996 the archive contained over 35,000 garments. [26] (#cite_note-26) This approach to design was exemplified by the launch in 1991 of the Continuative Garments range from C.P. Company, which saw variations of the same garments being reissued each season, with the use of innovative fabrication and dyeing techniques used to transform these garments. [27] (#cite_note-27) It enabled the brand to perfect and refine a series of core garments, including the Mille Miglia jacket which was based on the Swiss Alpenflage M70 military jacket and features multiple pockets. [28] (#cite_note-28) The Mille Miglia jacket also featured two plastic lenses in the hood which were inspired by research that Osti undertook on protective hoods and anti-gas masks produced during the Second World War. [29] (#cite_note-29) The first Mille Miglia jackets were produced by C.P. Company in 1988 and were initially given away to the organisers and competitors of the Mille Miglia (1000 Miles) endurance race, which the brand sponsored in 1998 and 1989. [30] (#cite_note-30) In 2009, the company invited designer Aitor Throup (/wiki/Aitor_Throup) to design the 20th anniversary version of the Mille Miglia jacket, which was subsequently shortlisted by The Design Museum (/wiki/Design_Museum) , London for the Designs of the Year Award 2010. [31] (#cite_note-31) Urban Protection range [ edit ] Following his appointment at creative director Moreno Ferrari developed the Urban Protection range which was launched in 1997 and was produced each season until 2001. [32] (#cite_note-32) It built on the brand’s approach to continuative garments, but while these had previously been constructed in predominantly natural fibres such as linen, cotton, leather, and wool, the Urban Protection range used an industrial nylon, Dynafil TS-70, in nearly all of the collection’s outerwear. [33] (#cite_note-33) In addition, several garments in the range featured built-in technology, including torches, headphones, personal alarms, and pollution detectors, and were given evocative names such as Metropolis, Atlas, Life, LED, R.E.M., Move, and Rest. [34] (#cite_note-34) Ferrari's approach to the Urban Protection range has been widely interpreted as being influenced by the concept of the non-place, which was first explored by Marc Auge in his 1995 book Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity . [35] (#cite_note-35) Curator Andrew Bolton (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) noted that the garments functionality aligned with the transitional spaces of the airport, highway, and subway. [36] (#cite_note-36) While Ferrari described these non-places as, ‘…anonymous spaces which annul our soul; a soul which we all pretend to forget about, but which can suddenly re-emerge to remind us who we are and what we really need.’ [37] (#cite_note-37) Ferrari later designed the Transformables range for Spring Summer 2000 that included several inflatable or transforming garments constructed from blue-tinted transparent polyurethane, reinforced by a carbon coating. [38] (#cite_note-38) The garments included a coat that turned into a mattress, a jacket that inflated into a chair, and a coat that turned into a kite. [39] (#cite_note-39) In 2006, the Transformables Parka/Air Mattress was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) in New York and is now held in their permanent collection. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) The Urban Protection range was relaunched in 2020, with a reworking of the Metropolis jacket in Dyneema, which is marketed as the world’s strongest fibre [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) Collaborations [ edit ] As part of the celebrations around the brand’s 50th anniversary in 2021, C.P. Company produced a series of collaborations with several other brands, including Patta, adidas Spezial (/wiki/Adidas_Originals) , Barbour (/wiki/Barbour_(company)) , Clarks Originals (/wiki/Clarks_(shoe_retailer)) , and Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) . [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) In 2023 a collaborative capsule collection with British streetwear brand Palace (/wiki/Palace_Skateboards) was produced, based on reinterpretations of classic garments from C.P. Company’s own archive. [49] (#cite_note-49) The brand has also collaborated with a number of musicians, including Kano, Sergio Pizzorno of Kasabian, Liam Gallagher (/wiki/Liam_Gallagher) , and the band Gorillaz, to create capsule collections. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) While notable musicians who have worn the brand include Noel Gallagher, Liam Gallagher, Bez from the Happy Mondays, and Damon Albarn who wore the Aitor Throup-designed Mille Miglia on the cover of his 2014 album Everyday Robots. [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) Subcultural influence [ edit ] The casual subculture that emerged during the late 1970s on the football terraces in the United Kingdom was notable for its adoption Italian brands that were difficult to find in the United Kingdom at the time. By the mid-1980s, C.P. Company began to be worn by casuals in the United Kingdom, along with other Italian brands such as Stone Island (/wiki/Stone_Island) , Fila, Tacchini, Emporio Armani, Ellesse, Benetton, and Fiorucci. [57] (#cite_note-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) Particular jackets, such as the Mille Miglia goggle jacket and later the Metropolis, became iconic within the casual subculture due to C.P. Company's emphasis on distinctive outerwear. [59] (#cite_note-59) The integrated goggles in the Mille Miglia jacket also made it easy for wearers to conceal their identity from CCTV cameras and police surveillance officers. [60] (#cite_note-60) By the late 1990s and early 2000s the brands Mille Miglia jacket which had been issued each season as part of the company’s Continuative Garments range had come to symbolise the casual subculture, with illustrations of football casuals wearing the jacket appearing on numerous t-shirts manufactured by other brands, such as 80s Casuals and Casual Connoisseurs, highlighting the jacket's iconic status within the subculture. The jacket was also featured on the cover of Phil Thornton’s 2003 book Casuals: Football, Fighting and Fashion: The Story of a Terrace Cult . [61] (#cite_note-61) In 2022, The Art of the Terraces exhibition at the Walker Gallery, Liverpool which examined the connection between casual culture and art, featured a number of artworks featuring the jacket by artists including as Peter O'Toole, Jens Wagner, Jamie Pike, and Paul Curtis. [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-63) Between 1985 and 1993 C.P. Company published its own biannual magazine in Italian, English, and Japanese, which features the new seasons collections, with each issue selling 50,000 copies. [64] (#cite_note-64) In 2022, C.P. Company introduced a new magazine called Arcipelago which is published biannually. [65] (#cite_note-65) References [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) ^ (#cite_ref-FGF1_1-0) "C.P. Company" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161221105047/http://www.fgf-industry.com/en/brands/2/c.p.-company) . FGF Industry S.P.A . Archived from the original (http://www.fgf-industry.com/en/brands/2/c.p.-company) on 21 December 2016 . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-beniculturali_2-0) "Osti, Massimo" (http://siusa.archivi.beniculturali.it/cgi-bin/pagina.pl?TipoPag=prodpersona&Chiave=59788&RicPag=3&RicProgetto=reg-emr&RicVM=indice&RicSez=prodpersone&RicTipoScheda=pp) . siusa.archivi.beniculturali.it . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Social" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181201222757/https://www.slamjamsocialism.com/brands/cp-company) . Slam Jam Socialism . Archived from the original (https://www.slamjamsocialism.com/brands/cp-company) on 1 December 2018 . Retrieved 1 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-millemiglia_4-0) "The Mille Miglia Jacket 1988-1989" (https://www.cpcompany.co.uk/blogs/archive/53206469-the-mille-miglia-jacket-1988-1989) . www.cpcompany.co.uk . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-CDS_5-0) "Le lenti sul cappuccio e l'oblò per l'orologio: è il "vintage" tecnico" (http://www.corriere.it/moda/news/15_giugno_16/lenti-cappuccio-l-oblo-l-orologio-vintage-tecnico-0ab6f43a-1429-11e5-896b-9ad243b8dd91.shtml) . Corriere della Sera (in Italian) . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "CP Company - Jackets & More | EQVVS" (https://www.eqvvs.co.uk/c-p-company-m67) . www.eqvvs.co.uk . Retrieved 2019-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-osti-archive_7-0) "C.P. Company 'Archivio' Collection: Autumn – Winter 1994" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160422200932/http://www.osti-archive.com/blog/2014/01/19/c-p-company-archivio-collection-autumn-winter-1994/) . www.osti-archive.com . Archived from the original (http://www.osti-archive.com/blog/2014/01/19/c-p-company-archivio-collection-autumn-winter-1994/) on 22 April 2016 . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-FGF3_8-0) "C.P. Company" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161221105054/http://www.fgf-industry.com/en/brands/23/c.p.-company) . FGF Industry S.P.A . Archived from the original (http://www.fgf-industry.com/en/brands/23/c.p.-company) on 21 December 2016 . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-quamnet_9-0) "Tristate (00458) buys C.P. Company intellectual property" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161220085841/https://www.quamnet.com/newscontent.action?articleId=4452244) . Quamnet.com . 2015-11-12. Archived from the original (https://www.quamnet.com/newscontent.action?articleId=4452244) on 20 December 2016 . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Lodovico Pignatti Moreno, ed., C.P. Company 971-021. An Informal History of Italian Sportswear (Tristate International SA and IDEA Books, 2021). ^ (#cite_ref-11) Daniela Facchinato, Ideas from Massimo Osti , 01 edition (Bologna, Italy: Damiani, 2012), 26. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Byoungho Jin and Elena Cedrola, Product Innovation in the Global Fashion Industry (Springer, 2017), 46. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Emilie Marsh, ‘C.P. Company Names New Designer’, Women’s Wear Daily , 16 April 2009, sec. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Hong Kong-Listed Tristate Holdings Buys Italian C.P. Company’, Italian Collection , 8 December 2015, http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=ITACOL0020151208ebc8000b8&cat=a&ep=ASE (http://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&an=ITACOL0020151208ebc8000b8&cat=a&ep=ASE) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Stories: Interview: C.P.'s Alessandro Pungetti and Paul Harvey" (https://www.the-spin-off.com/news/stories/Interview-C.P.s-Alessandro-Pungetti-and-Paul-Harvey-6347) . the-spin-off.com . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) ‘Hong Kong-Listed Tristate Holdings Buys Italian C.P. Company’. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Italian sportswear label CP Company appoints Lorenzo Osti as president" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Italian-sportswear-label-cp-company-appoints-lorenzo-osti-as-president,1083045.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Carrera, Martino (2019-06-14). "C.P. Company Goes Back to the Future" (https://wwd.com/feature/cp-company-unveils-milan-store-1203171210/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Facchinato, Ideas from Massimo Osti , 26. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Jin and Cedrola, Product Innovation in the Global Fashion Industry , 44. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Thomaï Serdari, Rethinking Luxury Fashion: The Role of Cultural Intelligence in Creative Strategy (Springer Nature, 2020), 34. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Fouad Sabry, E-Textiles: Monitor Personal Health and Detect Early Warning Disease Signs (One Billion Knowledgeable, 2022). ^ (#cite_ref-23) Facchinato, Ideas from Massimo Osti , 16. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Facchinato, Ideas from Massimo Osti , 150 ^ (#cite_ref-25) "The Complete Guide to C.P. Company: History, Sizing & Fit" (https://www.farfetch.com/uk/style-guide/brands/cp-company-size-guide-and-history/) . www.farfetch.com . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Timeline" (https://www.massimoosti.com/massimo-osti/timeline/) . MASSIMO OSTI ARCHIVE . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) ‘Timeline’. ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Post Page" (https://aligeorgehinkins.com/home/into-the-archive-the-20th-anniversary-of-c-p-company-s-mille-miglia-jacket-by-aitor-throup) . aligeorgehinkins.com . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Facchinato, Ideas from Massimo Osti , 220. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "How Motorsport's Most Iconic Race Created the Stylish Mille Miglia Goggle Jacket" (https://oracleoftime.com/how-motorsports-most-iconic-race-created-the-stylish-mille-miglia-goggle-jacket/) . Oracle Time . 2022-06-14 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Design Museum announce shortlist for Brit Insurance Designs of the Year" (https://www.dezeen.com/2010/01/18/design-museum-announce-shortlist-for-brit-insurance-designs-of-the-year/) . Dezeen . 2010-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Cristina Morozzi, Carlo Rivetti: C.P. Company - Stone Island (Milano: Automobilia, 2001), 79. ^ (#cite_ref-33) ‘Misc.Sell.Aneous’, Orienteer Mapazine, accessed 23 March 2023, https://www.orienteermapazine.com/urban (https://www.orienteermapazine.com/urban) . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Andrew Bolton, The Supermodern Wardrobe , 1st edition (London: V & A Publications, 2002), 66. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Marc Auge, Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity , trans. John Howe (London; New York: Verso Books, 1995). ^ (#cite_ref-36) Bolton, The Supermodern Wardrobe . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Morozzi, Carlo Rivetti . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Quinn, Bradley (2003). The fashion of architecture . Internet Archive. New York : Berg. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85973-752-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Morozzi, Carlo Rivetti , 81. ^ (#cite_ref-40) Antonelli, Paola (2005). Safe : design takes on risk . Internet Archive. New York : Museum of Modern Art ; London : Thames & Hudson [distributor]. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-87070-580-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Moreno Ferrari | MoMA" (https://www.moma.org/artists/27789) . The Museum of Modern Art . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Davey, Jacob. "London Poet James Massiah Unveils C.P Company's Newly-Remastered Metropolis Dyneema Jacket" (https://www.complex.com/style/a/jacob-davey/cp-comany-urban-protection-james-massiah) . Complex . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Home | Dyneema" (https://www.dyneema.com/) . www.dyneema.com . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Patta and C.P. Company Tap Into Their Musical Heritage" (https://hypebeast.com/2021/5/patta-and-c-p-company-tap-into-their-musical-heritage-capsule-collection-release-info) . Hypebeast . 2021-05-21 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "The C.P. Company x adidas Spezial collaboration is a tale of two…" (https://theface.com/style/the-cp-company-x-adidas-spezial-collaboration-is-a-tale-of-two-cities) . The Face . 2021-10-06 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Autumn showers? Barbour and CP Company have got you covered" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/barbour-cp-company-2021) . British GQ . 2021-09-27 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "C.P. Company and Clarks Originals Celebrate The Point Where Nature Meets City" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/3/clarks-originals-cp-company-desert-trek-collaboration-release-info) . Hypebeast . 2022-03-15 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Italian excellence: Emporio Armani and C.P. Company announce collaboration" (https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/emporio-armani-cp-company-collaboration) . wallpaper.com . 2021-12-16 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Salibian, Sandra (2022-12-19). "A Look Into Palace's New Collab With C.P. Company" (https://wwd.com/menswear-news/mens-sportswear/palace-cp-company-new-collaboration-drop-capsule-collection-1235451897/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Sam Cole, ‘FLANNELS Strikes Gold With C.P. Company & Kano’, Highsnobiety, 22 Mar ^ (#cite_ref-51) "C.P. Company Collaborates With Sergio Pizzorno on New Capsule" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/cp-company-sergio-pizzorno-collection/) . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Liam Gallagher Launches C.P. Company, Snow Peak and Barbour Collaborations" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/5/liam-gallagher-cp-company-snow-peak-barbour-nigel-cabourn) . Hypebeast . 2022-05-26 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Gorillaz Team up With C.P. Company on New Merch Capsule" (https://hypebeast.com/2017/11/gorillaz-cp-company-merch-collection) . Hypebeast . 2017-11-27 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Fifty years on, C.P. Company is still the pioneer of Italian sportswear" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/gq-partnerships-topic/bc/cp-company-is-the-pioneer-of-italian-sportswear) . British GQ . 2021-03-09 . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Dazed (2021-10-06). "CP Company is taking over a sleepy Lancashire town" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/54401/1/cp-company-sleepy-lancashire-town-darwen-spezial-50th-anniversary) . Dazed . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Gosling, Emily (2014-01-29). "Art director Aitor Throup on designing for Damon Albarn" (https://www.designweek.co.uk/issues/january-2014/art-director-aitor-throup-on-designing-for-damon-albarn/) . Design Week . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Stanley Smith, Dressers: Pt. 1 (Greymatters Media, 2012), 161. ^ (#cite_ref-58) William Routledge, Northern Monkeys: Dressing and Messing at the Match and More, As Told by the Lads Who Were There , Second updated edition. (Marple, Cheshire: ThinkMore, 2013), 299. ^ (#cite_ref-59) Routledge, 355. ^ (#cite_ref-60) William Routledge, Oh Yes, Oh Yes, We Are the PPS - Full-on True Stories of Preston North End’s Most Fanatical Followers (Kings Road Publishing, 2010), 103. ^ (#cite_ref-61) Phil Thornton, Casuals : Football, Fighting and Fashion : The Story of a Terrace Cult (Lytham: Lytham : Milo Books, 2003). ^ (#cite_ref-62) Ryder, Elliott (2022-10-29). "Football, Adidas and risking 'lives' for the latest trainers" (https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/football-adidas-risking-our-lives-25380987) . Liverpool Echo . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-63) Jonze, Tim (2022-11-25). "And Van Gogh scores! What happens when art, football and fashion collide" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/25/art-football-fashion-lowry-world-cup-van-gogh-beautiful-game) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-64) Facchinato, Ideas from Massimo Osti , 361. ^ (#cite_ref-65) "C.P. Company presents a new magazine called "Arcipelago" (https://www.nssmag.com/en/article/29212) " (https://www.nssmag.com/en/article/29212) . nss magazine . Retrieved 2023-08-09 . 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Japanese male model (born 1987) Daisuke Ueda ( 上田 太輔 , Ueda Daisuke , born 25 May 1987) is a Japanese male model. [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Daisuke Ueda was the first model in Asia (/wiki/Asia) to appear on the cover of Vogue Hommes Japan , [2] (#cite_note-donnainc-2) photographed by Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) with the artistic supervision of Nicola Formichetti (/wiki/Nicola_Formichetti) . [3] (#cite_note-3) He has also been a spokesperson for the clothing company Gap (/wiki/Gap_(clothing)) [4] (#cite_note-4) and was in two campaigns for Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Agencies [ edit ] Donna Inc - Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) [2] (#cite_note-donnainc-2) Female Models - Tokyo New York Model Management Nathalie Models - Paris (/wiki/Paris) UNIQUE DENMARK - Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) D1 Model Management - London (/wiki/London) Promad Model Agency - Hamburg (/wiki/Hamburg) I LOVE Model Management - Milan (/wiki/Milan) Jill Model Management - Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp) Sight Management - Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Menzu moderu hatsu no kaikyo : Daisuke sekai no moderu TOP50 ni ranku in" (https://www.fashionsnap.com/article/2011-06-04/modelscom-daisuke/) [First achievement as a Male model : Daisuke ranked in on TOP 50 World male models] (in Japanese). June 4, 2011 . Retrieved 2018-05-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Daisuke" (https://cdn.syngency.com/138/models/36129/attachments/daisuke-compcard.pdf?1527342255) (PDF) . Donna Inc . Retrieved 2018-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Vogue Hommes Japan S/S 11 Cover and Teaser Covers (http://models.com/work/vogue-hommes-japan-vogue-hommes-japan-preview-image-ss-11/41394) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Daisuke Ueda for Gap Japan Winter 2010 Campaign (http://thefashionisto.com/daisuke-ueda-for-gap-japan-winter-2010-campaign/) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Blue Carreon (September 7, 2011). "But Where Are The Asian Male Models?" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/bluecarreon/2011/09/07/but-where-are-the-asian-male-models/?partner=relatedstoriesbox) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 2018-05-26 . External links [ edit ] Site of Daisuke Ueda (http://models.com/models/daisuke-ueda) on Models.com biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daisuke_Ueda&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article related to Japan is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daisuke_Ueda&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐t96dk Cached time: 20240713012849 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.392 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 559/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13759/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 561/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21031/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.216/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15217255/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 368.575 1 -total 26.21% 96.593 1 Template:Nihongo 23.14% 85.273 3 Template:Cite_web 20.93% 77.140 1 Template:Short_description 18.35% 67.622 2 Template:Asbox 15.86% 58.464 1 Template:Model-stub 12.31% 45.389 2 Template:Pagetype 6.54% 24.096 1 Template:Japan-bio-stub 5.33% 19.647 1 Template:Portal 5.14% 18.950 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50104390-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713012849 and revision id 1164264162. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daisuke_Ueda&oldid=1164264162 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daisuke_Ueda&oldid=1164264162) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1987 births (/wiki/Category:1987_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Japanese male models (/wiki/Category:Japanese_male_models) Model stubs (/wiki/Category:Model_stubs) Japanese people stubs (/wiki/Category:Japanese_people_stubs) Hidden categories: CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles containing Japanese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Nepalese film actress (born 1995) Samragyee RL Shah सम्राज्ञी राज्य लक्ष्मी शाह Shah at the Nepalese movie premiere of A Mero Hajur 2 (/wiki/A_Mero_Hajur_2) (2017) Born ( 1995-11-18 ) 18 November 1995 (age 28) [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Birgunj (/wiki/Birgunj) , Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) Nationality Nepali (/wiki/Nepali_people) Occupations Actor Model Years active 2014–present Samragyee Rajya Laxmi Shah ( Nepali (/wiki/Nepali_language) : सम्राज्ञी राज्य लक्ष्मी शाह ; born 18 November 1995), credited as Samragyee RL Shah , is a Nepali film actress who works in Nepali cinema (/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal) . Shah is the recipient of several awards, including one NFDC National Film Awards (/wiki/NFDC_National_Film_Awards) and one NEFTA Film Awards (/wiki/NEFTA_Film_Awards) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) Shah has starred in numerous Nepali films, including A Mero Hajur 2 (/wiki/A_Mero_Hajur_2) (2017), Intu Mintu Londonma (/wiki/Intu_Mintu_Londonma) (2018), and Rato Tika Nidharma (/wiki/Rato_Tika_Nidharma) (2019). Shah debuted as an actress in the 2016 romantic drama (/wiki/Romance_film) Dreams (/wiki/Dreams_(2016_film)) , which went on to become a commercial success, and earned several awards for her performance. She is also related to the Nepali royal family (/wiki/King_of_Nepal) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life and personal life [ edit ] Shah was born on 18 November 1995 in Birgunj (/wiki/Birgunj) , Nepal, to Neha Rajya Laxmi Shah and Mahesh Bikram Shah. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Samragyee RL Shah is related to the Nepali royal family through her grandfather Pashupati Bikram Shah. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) According to Anand Nepal of Nepali Actress : "Samragyee's ancestor Narendra Bikram Shah was the youngest of the two sons of Surendra Bir Bikram Shah (/wiki/Surendra_Bikram_Shah) . Narendra's son Indra Bikram Shah's cousin Prithivi Bir Bikram Shaha was crowned king after the death of Surendra in 1881. At the time of crowning Prithivi Bir Bikram was 7 years old. After Prithivi Bir Bikram Shaha, his son Tribhubhan Bir Bikram Shah was the king of Nepal. Tribhuwan is credited for removing Rana rule in Nepal. Tribhuwan's son Mahendra is the father of the now-dethroned ex-king Gyanendra Shah." [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Shah attended St. Xavier's Higher Secondary School in Birgunj (/wiki/Birgunj) , Nepal, from grades one to three. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) She continued her studies in Sai Baba School in New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) , India. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) After completing sixth grade, she attended the Royal Academy of India in Kathmandu (/wiki/Kathmandu) . [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Shah has dated Devanksh SJB Rana since 2018. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) In 2017 Shah was included in the list of "Top 10 Women and Men of the Year" published by weekly publication Kantipur Saptahik , sister publication of Kantipur , where she was ranked in tenth position. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Career [ edit ] 2014: Modelling [ edit ] In 2014, Shah was the second runner-up in the Face of Classic Diamond Jewellers fashion competition, receiving a NPR 25,000 cash prize. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) Nepali model Asmi Shrestha (/wiki/Asmi_Shrestha) won the event, and Nepali actress and model Paramita RL Rana (/wiki/Paramita_RL_Rana) was the first runner-up. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) After the competition, Shah was featured on the cover of the M&S VMAG magazine and was also interviewed, in which she revealed her desire to become a model, and said that she felt increased self-esteem and "more beautiful and confident as a person". [10] (#cite_note-10) According to Shah, the fashion competition boosted her popularity and recognition, helped her hone her skills as a model, raised her confidence, and made her "realise that there is still so much to learn as a model", which encouraged her "to work hard every day." [11] (#cite_note-:6-11) 2016–2017: Film debut and commercial success [ edit ] In 2016, Shah debuted as a film actress in Bhuwan K.C. (/wiki/Bhuwan_K.C.) 's romantic drama (/wiki/Romance_film) Dreams (/wiki/Dreams_(2016_film)) , where she starred alongside Anmol K.C. (/wiki/Anmol_K.C.) and Sandhya K.C. [12] (#cite_note-12) In the film, Shah played Kavya, the love interest of Aveer. Her performance received mixed responses from critics. The Himalayan Times (/wiki/The_Himalayan_Times) observed, "Anmol and Shah fall short in their acting. From their dialogue delivery to acting, they are not natural, especially in serious scenes. [...] Shah's acting is acceptable when she is herself in casual composure, but when emotions kick in she is odd." [13] (#cite_note-13) In an interview, Shah revealed that she was selected out of 26 girls to star in the film. [11] (#cite_note-:6-11) The film became a box office success, earning NPR 17.0 million (17,000,000) in its first two days of release [14] (#cite_note-14) and NPR 50 million (50,000,000) in its first week. [15] (#cite_note-auto1-15) In an interview with MovieMandu , the film's producer Bhuwan K.C. stated, "From her first debut movie she has been able to win the heart of 3 core Nepali [people]". [15] (#cite_note-auto1-15) Subsequently, Shah won the Best Debut Actor award from the Dcine Awards, Kamana Film Awards, NFDC National Film Awards (/wiki/National_Film_Awards_(Nepal)) , and NEFTA Film Awards (/wiki/NEFTA_Film_Awards) . [4] (#cite_note-:5-4) In 2017, Shah played the lead role in Jharana Thapa (/wiki/Jharana_Thapa) 's directorial debut film, A Mero Hajur 2 (/wiki/A_Mero_Hajur_2) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Shah starred alongside Salon Basnet and Salin Man Bania in his acting debut. [17] (#cite_note-17) In the film, she played Maya, who falls in love with someone who had a crush on her when she was younger. [18] (#cite_note-auto2-18) The film set a record for the highest single-day box office in Nepal, grossing NPR 16.2 million (16,200,000). [19] (#cite_note-19) Sandhya Ghimire of OnlineKhabar wrote, "The movie keeps the audience laughing as we relate to the foolish things we have had done to gain the attention of our crushes in school. As the story unfolds, we are taken on a train ride back to good old school days and a multitude of wavelets of nostalgia wash over us." [18] (#cite_note-auto2-18) Shah's performance led to her to be nominated for her second National Film Award (/wiki/National_Film_Awards_(Nepal)) . [20] (#cite_note-auto-20) 2018 [ edit ] Shah at a press conference (/wiki/Press_conference) promoting her romantic-drama A Mero Hajur 2 in 2017. In 2018, Shah appeared in four Nepali films, including Mangalam , Timi Sanga , Kaira , and Intu Mintu Londonma (/wiki/Intu_Mintu_Londonma) . In Mangalam , she made a cameo appearance (/wiki/Cameo_appearance) as a psychiatrist. [21] (#cite_note-21) In Shishir Rana (/wiki/Shishir_Rana) 's Timi Sanga , Shah appeared in the lead role as a Non Resident Nepali (/wiki/Non_Resident_Nepali) (NRN). [22] (#cite_note-:0-22) While the film was criticised for its stereotypical (/wiki/Stereotype) representation of the LGBT (/wiki/LGBT) IQ community, [23] (#cite_note-23) Shah's performance was praised by critics. Shashwat Pant of OnlineKhabar wrote, "Fan favorite Samragyee Shah looks to be in her zone playing the role of an NRN. Acting as the lead in her third film, she has come a long way since her debut movie Dreams . Her attitude stands out in the film along with her acting in some of the emotional scenes". [22] (#cite_note-:0-22) In Kaira , Shah appeared in the lead role alongside actor Aaryan Sigdel (/wiki/Aaryan_Sigdel) . [24] (#cite_note-24) The film was commercially unsuccessful—earning only NPR 9.6 million (9,600,000) on its second day—and received mixed reviews from critics. [25] (#cite_note-25) Shah's performance was praised by critics. According to OnlineKhabar , "One good thing that stands out in the movie is the acting. It shows how much the actors have worked on getting their role right. Shah is good and so is as [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] Kaira. Her acting is good, especially in the emotional scenes where she's poised and natural. [The reviewer] didn't think she Samragyee had it in her to play such an emotional role." [26] (#cite_note-26) In Intu Mintu Londonma (/wiki/Intu_Mintu_Londonma) , the directorial debut of choreographer Renasha Bantawa Rai, Shah played the role of Mintu, who unknowingly falls for her friend Intu. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) Shah's performance received mixed responses from critics. Shashwat Pant of OnlineKhabar wrote, "Samragyee Shah who always plays the same type of roles offers nothing new in this film too. But she fits well in the film and has acted well. Her emotional scenes are getting better with each movie she plays." [29] (#cite_note-29) Aditya Neupane of República wrote, "The picture quality, venue selection, and the set and wardrobe designs are comparatively superior to the current mainstream Nepali movies. But lags in the story department." [30] (#cite_note-30) The film became a huge box office success, collecting NPR 20 million (20,000,000) on its second day. [31] (#cite_note-31) On 30 March 2018, Shah received the Star of the Year award at the FAAN Awards. She was awarded alongside fellow actor Pradeep Khadka by the then Prime Minister of Nepal (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal) , KP Sharma Oli (/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli) . [32] (#cite_note-xnepali.net-32) 2019 [ edit ] In 2019, Shah worked on Maruni , starring alongside Puspa Khadka and Rebika Gurung. [33] (#cite_note-33) On 11 June 2019, the film released its title track, Jaam Na Maya Jaam , which featured Shah and Pushpa Khadkha. [34] (#cite_note-34) The film was released on 30 August 2019, alongside of Indian action thriller Saaho (/wiki/Saaho) . [35] (#cite_note-35) Film critics praised Shah for her different role in Maruni. [36] (#cite_note-36) Maruni failed to impress audience, and the box office. [37] (#cite_note-37) After Ashok Sharma announced his next directorial project, Rato Tika Nidharma (/wiki/Rato_Tika_Nidharma) , Shah received NPR 1.6 million (1,600,000) for her role, making her the highest-paid actress in Nepali cinema. [38] (#cite_note-:1-38) Shah appeared alongside Neeta Dhungana (/wiki/Neeta_Dhungana) and Ankit Sharma in his acting debut. [39] (#cite_note-39) Previously, actress Jassita Gurung (/wiki/Jassita_Gurung) was considered for the role, but Gurung left the project for unpublished reasons after Shah replaced her lead role in the film. [40] (#cite_note-40) Rato Tika Nidharma is set to release on 27 September 2019, on occasion Dashain (/wiki/Dashain) , the Hindu festival of Nepal. [41] (#cite_note-41) [38] (#cite_note-:1-38) The film failed at box office, where it earned est. NPR 7 million. [42] (#cite_note-42) Filmography [ edit ] Key † Denotes productions that have not yet been released Year Title Role Director Notes Ref(s) 2016 Dreams (/wiki/Dreams_(2016_film)) Kavya Diwakar Bhattarai [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) 2017 A Mero Hajur 2 (/wiki/A_Mero_Hajur_2) Maya Jharana Thapa (/wiki/Jharana_Thapa) [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) 2018 Mangalam (/w/index.php?title=Mangalam_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) Nawal Nepal Cameo role [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) 2018 Timi Sanga (/w/index.php?title=Timi_Sanga&action=edit&redlink=1) Niti Shishir Rana (/wiki/Shishir_Rana) [49] (#cite_note-49) 2018 Kaira (/w/index.php?title=Kaira_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) Kaira Laxman Rijal [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) 2018 Intu Mintu Londonma (/wiki/Intu_Mintu_Londonma) Meera Sharma aka Mintu Renasha Bantawa Rai [52] (#cite_note-52) 2019 Maruni (/w/index.php?title=Maruni_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) Suman Nawal Nepal [53] (#cite_note-53) 2019 Rato Tika Nidharma (/wiki/Rato_Tika_Nidharma) Ashok Sharma [54] (#cite_note-54) 2023 Harry Ki Pyari (/w/index.php?title=Harry_Ki_Pyari&action=edit&redlink=1) Kapil Rijal 2023 Nango Gau (/wiki/Nango_Gau) † Dipendra Lama Upcoming movie Accolades [ edit ] Year Award Category Film Result Ref(s) 2016 NEFTA Film Awards (/wiki/NEFTA_Film_Awards) Best Debut Actor (Female) Dreams Won [55] (#cite_note-55) NFDC National Film Award (/wiki/NFDC_National_Film_Award) Won [56] (#cite_note-56) Kamana Film Award (/wiki/Kamana_Film_Award) Won [57] (#cite_note-57) DCine Award (/w/index.php?title=DCine_Award&action=edit&redlink=1) Won [58] (#cite_note-58) 2017 NFDC National Film Award (/wiki/NFDC_National_Film_Award) Best Actor in a Leading Role (Female) A Mero Hajur 2 (/wiki/A_Mero_Hajur_2) Nominated [20] (#cite_note-auto-20) 2018 DCine Award (/w/index.php?title=DCine_Award&action=edit&redlink=1) Kaira Nominated [59] (#cite_note-59) FAAN Awards (/wiki/FAAN_Awards) Star of the Year — Won [32] (#cite_note-xnepali.net-32) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Samragyee RL Shah 23rd Birthday celebration with her new boyfriend, Devanksh Rana" (http://nepaliactress.com/samragyee-rl-shah-23rd-birthday-celebration-with-her-new-boyfriend/) . 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Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Intu Mintu Londonma movie review: A glamorous movie without substance – OnlineKhabar" (https://english.onlinekhabar.com/intu-mintu-londonma-movie-review.html) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190627151553/https://english.onlinekhabar.com/intu-mintu-londonma-movie-review.html) from the original on 27 June 2019 . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Neupane, Aditya. "Movie review: Intu Mintu London Ma" (https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/50610/) . My City . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Box Office : 'Intu-Mintu London Ma' Overpowers With Rs. 2 Crore" (http://www.moviemandu.com/box-office-intu-mintu-london-ma-overpowers-with-rs-2-crore/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165224/http://www.moviemandu.com/box-office-intu-mintu-london-ma-overpowers-with-rs-2-crore/) from the original on 17 April 2019 . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Samragyee and Pradeep Khadka most popular actors at FAAN Award (watch winning films) – Nepali Movies, films" (https://xnepali.net/samragyee-and-pradeep-khadka-most-popular-actors-at-faan-award-watch-winning-films/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190704140204/https://xnepali.net/samragyee-and-pradeep-khadka-most-popular-actors-at-faan-award-watch-winning-films/) from the original on 4 July 2019 . Retrieved 4 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Samragyee To Shoot For Her Next Movie MARUNI, To Essay The Role of Trans Women" (http://www.moviemandu.com/samragyee-to-shoot-for-her-next-movie-maruni-to-essay-the-role-of-trans-women/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190624105858/http://www.moviemandu.com/samragyee-to-shoot-for-her-next-movie-maruni-to-essay-the-role-of-trans-women/) from the original on 24 June 2019 . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) " (http://www.moviemandu.com/maruni-drops-dancing-track-jaam-na-maya-jaam-feat-samragyee-shah-and-puspa-khadka/) 'Maruni' Drops Dancing Track 'Jaam Na Maya Jaam', Feat. Samragyee Shah And Puspa Khadka" (http://www.moviemandu.com/maruni-drops-dancing-track-jaam-na-maya-jaam-feat-samragyee-shah-and-puspa-khadka/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190627153630/http://www.moviemandu.com/maruni-drops-dancing-track-jaam-na-maya-jaam-feat-samragyee-shah-and-puspa-khadka/) from the original on 27 June 2019 . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Republica. "Samragyee in different avatar in 'Maruni' (https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/71579/) " (https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/71579/) . My City . Retrieved 17 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) " (https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/09/792951) 'मारुनी'मा साम्राज्ञीको गज्जबको काम, रेविकाको बलियो संभावना" (https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/09/792951) . Online Khabar . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190902113424/https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/09/792951) from the original on 2 September 2019 . Retrieved 2 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Samragyee starrer 'Maruni' failed to impress audience" (https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/samragyee-starrer-maruni-failed-to-impress-audience) . República . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190908115331/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/samragyee-starrer-maruni-failed-to-impress-audience) from the original on 8 September 2019 . Retrieved 8 September 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Samragyee RL Shah To Star As Lead Lady in Ashok Sharma's Next, Now Highest Paid Actress in Nepalese Tinsel-Town" (http://www.moviemandu.com/samragyee-rl-shah-to-star-as-lead-lady-in-ashok-sharmas-next-now-highest-paid-actress-in-nepalese-tinsel-town/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190408185332/http://www.moviemandu.com/samragyee-rl-shah-to-star-as-lead-lady-in-ashok-sharmas-next-now-highest-paid-actress-in-nepalese-tinsel-town/) from the original on 8 April 2019 . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) " (https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/05/766999) 'रातो टिका निधारमा'को घोषणा, साम्राज्ञीसँग अंकितको जोडी" (https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/05/766999) . Online Khabar . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190627155132/https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/05/766999) from the original on 27 June 2019 . Retrieved 27 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Samragyee RL Shah overtook Jassita Gurung to sign in Rato Tika Nidharma – Nepali Movies, films" (https://xnepali.net/samragyee-rl-shah-overtook-jassita-gurung-to-sign-in-rato-tika-nidharma/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190704130235/https://xnepali.net/samragyee-rl-shah-overtook-jassita-gurung-to-sign-in-rato-tika-nidharma/) from the original on 4 July 2019 . Retrieved 4 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Movie Calendar : Rato Teeka Nidharma, Dayarani And Ghamad Shere Gets Release Dates" (http://www.moviemandu.com/movie-calendar-rato-teeka-nidharma-dayarani-and-ghamad-shere-gets-release-dates/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190819130413/http://www.moviemandu.com/movie-calendar-rato-teeka-nidharma-dayarani-and-ghamad-shere-gets-release-dates/) from the original on 19 August 2019 . Retrieved 16 August 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) " (http://www.moviemandu.com/rato-teeka-nidharma-collections-day-2-debuts-with-rs-64-lakhs-all-eyes-on-growth-over-the-weekend/) 'Rato Teeka Nidharma' Collections Day 2: Debuts With Rs 64 Lakhs, All Eyes on Growth Over The Weekdays" (http://www.moviemandu.com/rato-teeka-nidharma-collections-day-2-debuts-with-rs-64-lakhs-all-eyes-on-growth-over-the-weekend/) . 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Retrieved 17 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Pushpal Khadka And Samragyee RL Shah To Come Together For 'Maruni' (https://enepalimovie.com/pushpal-khadka-and-samragyee-rl-shah-to-come-together-for-maruni/) " (https://enepalimovie.com/pushpal-khadka-and-samragyee-rl-shah-to-come-together-for-maruni/) . enepalimovie . 10 December 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190417161544/https://enepalimovie.com/pushpal-khadka-and-samragyee-rl-shah-to-come-together-for-maruni/) from the original on 17 April 2019 . Retrieved 17 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Samragyee RL Shah To Do Cameo on Chhabi And Shilpa's Film 'Mangalam' (http://www.977mag.net/samragyee-rl-shah-to-do-cameo-on-chhabi-and-shilpas-film-mangalam/) " (http://www.977mag.net/samragyee-rl-shah-to-do-cameo-on-chhabi-and-shilpas-film-mangalam/) . Nepali Film News . 8 February 2017. 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External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Samragyee RL Shah (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samragyee_RL_Shah) . Samragyee RL Shah (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8212245/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Samragyee RL Shah (https://www.instagram.com/srls_samragyeerlshah/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ef25dfbe-dff9-43ca-9cc6-62cde88df4b2) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Nepal (/wiki/Portal:Nepal) Film (/wiki/Portal:Film) Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Arts (/wiki/Portal:Arts) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Feminism (/wiki/Portal:Feminism) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐lpnlk Cached time: 20240720170047 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.787 seconds Real time usage: 1.031 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5289/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 126884/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4215/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 236631/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.509/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23410871/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 945.286 1 -total 33.08% 312.706 1 Template:Reflist 26.99% 255.147 55 Template:Cite_web 17.08% 161.465 1 Template:Infobox_person 14.30% 135.131 1 Template:Short_description 12.06% 114.013 23 Template:Main_other 9.62% 90.919 1 Template:Lang 7.96% 75.233 1 Template:SDcat 5.72% 54.031 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.82% 45.535 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50477725-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170047 and revision id 1211589710. 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Chinese sports equipment company Monton Sports Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) Founded 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Founder Cai Jianxiong Headquarters Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) , China (/wiki/China) Products Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) , accessories Website montonsports.com (https://www.montonsports.com/) Monton Sports is a Chinese sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) manufacturing company (/wiki/Manufacturing_company) headquartered in Guangdong (/wiki/Guangdong) . The company, focused on road bicycle racing (/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing) products, has additional offices in Taichung (/wiki/Taichung) , Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) , Pahang (/wiki/Pahang) , North Carolina (/wiki/North_Carolina) , Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) , and Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) manufactured and commercialised by Monton include jerseys, jackets, shorts, and t-shirts, as well as helmets, socks, gloves, caps, water bottles, among other products. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] Started in Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) in early 2009 by Cai Jianxiong, [3] (#cite_note-3) the first products launched in June of that year. The name MONTON was taken from the words Mountain, promoting the green life of cycling. In 2012, Monton partnered with a Taiwan designer who is also a cyclist to create a range of fashionable cycling clothing and accessories. Sponsorships [ edit ] In 2015, Monton has sponsored 6th Tour of Poyang Lake (/wiki/Poyang_Lake) , [4] (#cite_note-4) bike race (/wiki/Bike_race) [5] (#cite_note-5) which 22 teams, [6] (#cite_note-6) 179 cyclists had taken part in. In 2016, Monton has sponsored three UCI continental cycling teams with custom cycling clothing: Sindicato de Empleados Publicos de San Juan (/wiki/Sindicato_de_Empleados_Publicos_de_San_Juan) in Argentina (/wiki/Argentina) Terengganu Cycling Team (/wiki/Terengganu_Cycling_Team) in Malaysia Dukla Banská Bystrica (/wiki/Dukla_Banska_Bystrica_(cycling_team)) cycling team in Slovakia In 2016, Monton has been the exclusive clothing supplier of Tour of China (/wiki/Tour_of_China) [7] (#cite_note-7) bike race (/wiki/Bike_race) . References [ edit ] Sports portal (/wiki/Portal:Sports) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Company" (https://www.montonsports.com/monton-agents) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cycling tights (https://www.montonsports.com/mens-cycling-apparel/cycling-tights.html) on Monton website ^ (#cite_ref-3) "CAI, JIANXIONG" (https://trademarks.justia.com/owners/cai-jianxiong-2375426/) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Tour of Poyang Lake" (http://www.tourofpoyang.com/) . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-5) "bike race" (http://www.cyclingarchives.com/wedstrijdfiche.php?wedstrijdid=21913) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "2015 Tour of Poyang Lake Team" (http://www.tourofpoyang.com/saishizhinan/saishixiangqing/185.html) . {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Tour of China" (http://www.thetourofchina.com/en/) . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.montonsports.com/) v t e Athletic shoes and sporting goods of (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) China (/wiki/China) 361 Degrees (/wiki/361_Degrees) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Peak (/wiki/Peak_Sport_Products) Dongxiang (/wiki/China_Dongxiang) Erke (/wiki/ERKE) Feiyue (/wiki/Feiyue) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Monton Pou Sheng (/wiki/Pou_Sheng_International) Warrior (/wiki/Warrior_(shoes)) Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Zoke (/wiki/Zoke) Guirenniao (/wiki/Guirenniao) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monton_Sports&action=edit) . v t e This cycling-related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monton_Sports&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐vmhqk Cached time: 20240713150054 Cache expiry: 1587548 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.389 seconds Real time usage: 0.735 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1982/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30303/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2911/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.256/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5539139/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 466.115 1 -total 34.19% 159.375 1 Template:Reflist 21.86% 101.911 5 Template:Cite_web 21.08% 98.234 1 Template:Infobox_company 18.52% 86.335 1 Template:Infobox 18.26% 85.107 1 Template:Athletic_shoes_and_sporting_goods_of_China 17.57% 81.905 1 Template:Navbox 15.70% 73.170 1 Template:Short_description 9.02% 42.033 2 Template:Pagetype 7.70% 35.883 2 Template:Dead_link Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50579282-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713150054 and revision id 1175646928. 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Italian fashion house André Laug Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Leisure (/wiki/Leisure) Founded 1968 Founders André Laug Headquarters Rome (/wiki/Rome) , Italy Area served Worldwide Website www (https://www.andrelaug.com/) .andrelaug (https://www.andrelaug.com/) .com (https://www.andrelaug.com/) André Laug is an Italian fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) founded in 1968 by the eponymous French designer. History [ edit ] Founding [ edit ] The company was founded in 1968 when André Laug ( Alsace (/wiki/Alsace) , 29 December 1931 – Rome, 16 December 1984), a French designer trained in Paris by André Courrèges (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Courr%C3%A8ges) and Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(designer)) , [1] (#cite_note-1) opened his couture house in Rome, Piazza di Spagna (/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna) , with the help of Susy Gandini. 1969–1978 [ edit ] In 1969 Laug concluded the first agreements with foreign buyers, including Elizabeth Arden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) , Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) , Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) and Martha Phillips, who introduced the brand in the United States market. Laug became one of Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) reference designers [2] (#cite_note-2) and dedicated to her one of his ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) lines, the "Audrey". Famous fashion models as Benedetta Barzini, Mirella Petteni Haggiag and Linda Morand [3] (#cite_note-3) starred in his runway shows (/wiki/Runway_show) and posed for him for fashion magazine Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . After his suits, in 1970 Laug launched women's blouses, sold in the US at US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 2,500. In 1972 Vogue ran a feature article on his collection, photographed by Oliviero Toscani (/wiki/Oliviero_Toscani) . [4] (#cite_note-4) His clients at the time included Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) , American First Ladies Jackie Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) and Barbara Bush (/wiki/Barbara_Bush) , Lee Radziwill, Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) , Kathy Hilton, Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_(businesswoman)) , Carroll Baker (/wiki/Carroll_Baker) , Princess Ira von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Princess_Ira_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Mia d'Acquarone et de Riencourt, Anna and Alice Bulgari, Margaret Trudeau, Helietta Caracciolo, Rossella Falk (/wiki/Rossella_Falk) , Paulette Goddard (/wiki/Paulette_Goddard) , and Capucine (/wiki/Capucine) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The Laug collections from 1974 were inspired by Russia and the Tzar (/wiki/Tsar) . In 1975, while the new English punk (/wiki/Punk_rock) trend arrived in Europe, Laug created a feminine version of the tuxedo (/wiki/Tuxedo) . At the end of year in New York, at Rizzoli on Fifth Avenue, Roberto Polo (/wiki/Roberto_Polo) and Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) , editor of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) US, organized an exhibition of "creative fashion". Fashion designers and artists invited from several countries took part with works created or selected exclusively for the exhibition. Italy was represented by Pino Lancetti (/wiki/Pino_Lancetti) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) and Laug. [7] (#cite_note-7) In July 1976, Laug presented a new "high fashion ready-to-wear" line (a ready-to-wear hand made collection, but on size) on a set staged by Vogue alongside works by Michelangelo Pistoletto (/wiki/Michelangelo_Pistoletto) , with the photo shoot by Norman Parkinson (/wiki/Norman_Parkinson) ) [8] (#cite_note-8) In the late seventies, André Laug refined his style proposing softer and more colorful items. His novelty for the winter season of 1978, marabou (/wiki/Marabou_(fashion)) , also influenced the dresses created by the designer for the Italian-French film La Cage aux Folles ,( Il Vizietto ) [9] (#cite_note-9) [ unreliable source? ] conceptualized by costume designer Piero Tosi (/wiki/Piero_Tosi) , who won the nomination for best costume design at the 1980 Academy Awards (/wiki/52nd_Academy_Awards) . At the end of the year, Laug celebrated the tenth anniversary of his company in Italy with a dinner in Milan with American buyers and international press. [10] (#cite_note-10) The company at the time had a full-time staff of one hundred employees. 1979–1984 and Laug's death [ edit ] Fashion Designer André Laug In the early eighties Laug focused on coat dresses (/wiki/Coat_dress) . [11] (#cite_note-11) The novelty was featured by Harper's Bazaar. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1982, the model Susan Hess posed with Laug clothes in a photo shoot for Vogue. Other supermodels who worked with Laug included Pat Cleveland (/wiki/Pat_Cleveland) , [13] (#cite_note-13) Gia Carangi (/wiki/Gia_Carangi) , Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) , [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Brooke Shields (/wiki/Brooke_Shields) , Yasmin Le Bon (/wiki/Yasmin_Le_Bon) , [16] (#cite_note-16) Jerry Hall (/wiki/Jerry_Hall) , [17] (#cite_note-17) Susan Hess, [18] (#cite_note-18) Iman (/wiki/Iman_(model)) [19] (#cite_note-19) and a young Uma Thurman. [20] (#cite_note-20) In December 1982, photographer Helmut Newton (/wiki/Helmut_Newton) ran a photo shoot of a short story written by Natalia Aspesi in Vogue , on contemporary women, with models dressed by Laug. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 1984, Laug launched modern art designs inspired by Matisse (/wiki/Matisse) . On the night of 15–16 December of the same year, Laug died at his home in Rome from a heart attack, at the age of 53. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) From Olivier management until today [ edit ] Following Laug's death, entrepreneur Giancarlo Rossetti (known as "Olivier") took over as president of the company. Olivier called upon Laura della Croce di Dojola to work with him, making up a team of three designers and two communication managers. The company, with 83 collections of high fashion and luxury ready-to-wear, started again using the drawings left by the designer. [24] (#cite_note-24) André Laug shop window in Rome, Rampa Mignanelli From the collection of sketches left by Laug, Olivier developed new collections. Olivier proposed a line of ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) clothes very similar to a luxury product, almost high fashion. The house also launched a line of women's clothes at a lower price: the "André Laug Chic" line was distributed to nearly 230 stores in Europe. Japan and North America. [25] (#cite_note-25) The brand also debuted on television: Laug created the yellow dress of the Ferrero Rocher (/wiki/Ferrero_Rocher) chocolates commercial. [26] (#cite_note-26) His chiffon blouses were sold to three million lire (/wiki/Italian_lira) (approx. US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 1,800 at the time) in stores in New York, Washington, Palo Alto, Houston and Palm Beach. [ citation needed ] We are the last, along with Yves Saint Laurent, who can ask such figures: rather than sell an item for 1 million liras, I'd prefer to swallow it. — Olivier, [27] (#cite_note-27) In the nineties and early twenty-first century, the US remained the primary market of the company, along with the Middle East. In 2005, Rossetti died in Rome, and the company passed to his heirs. In addition to fashion, the company also sells wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) ( robes de mariée ). In 2015 the André Laug company moved to a new showroom in Rome in Rampa Mignanelli, close to Spanish Steps (/wiki/Spanish_Steps) . [ citation needed ] Some André Laug dresses are preserved at the MET - Metropolitan Museum in New York. See also [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) Made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "André Laug - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ki-Le/Laug-Andr.html) . www.fashionencyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Fashion of Audrey" (https://thefashionofaudrey.tumblr.com/search/laug?og=1) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Morand Memoirs - André Laug 1969" (https://morandmemoirs.wordpress.com/2015/05/21/andre-laug-1969/) . Linda Morand . 2015-05-22 . Retrieved 2016-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1972, September - from page 318 to page 325" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0009197209/318/) . Vogue Archive (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "André Laug Haute Couture on Instagram" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/_G_L3Bv5t3) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/_G_L3Bv5t3/) on 2021-12-26 . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Laurenzi, Laura (18 December 1984). "LA REPUBBLICA (Italian Daily News) - 1984, December 18th" (http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1984/12/18/scompare-andre-laug-parigino-di-roma-sarto.html) . Archivio - la Repubblica.it . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1975, December - page 172" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0012197512/172/) . Vogue Archive (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) . "About - André Laug" (http://www.andrelaug.com/about/#1976) . André Laug (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Foto di Instagram di @enricoquinto • 15 Set 2015 alle ore 12:30 UTC" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/7prvErNd10) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/7prvErNd10/) on 2021-12-26 . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1979, January - page 130" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0001197901/130/) . Vogue Archive (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "UPI United Press International - 1981, March 23rd - Andre Laug taking his inspiration from George Sand..." (http://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/03/23/Renato-Balestra-and-Andre-Laug-looked-to-the-exotic/7155354171600/) UPI . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "HARPER'S BAZAAR Italian Edition - 1981, March issue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111228080044/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Archived from the original (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/) on 2011-12-28 . Retrieved 2016-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "André Laug Haute Couture on Instagram - Sketch of a dress worn by Pat Cleveland" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BDd0uR-v5kA) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BDd0uR-v5kA/) on 2021-12-26 . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "André Laug Haute Couture on Instagram - Linda Evangelista" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/-ZBL8XP5sM) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/-ZBL8XP5sM/) on 2021-12-26 . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1988, September - pag. 352-353" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0009-2198809/352/) . Vogue Archive . Retrieved 2016-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Yasmin Le Bon website" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160419083700/http://yasminlebon.net/ads/andrelaug.html) . www.yasminlebon.net . Archived from the original (http://www.yasminlebon.net/ads/andrelaug.html) on 2016-04-19 . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1983, March - From page 58 to page 63" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0003-1198303/59/) . Vogue Archive . Retrieved 2016-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1982, March - from page 492 to page 500" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0003-1198203/492/) . Vogue Archive . Retrieved 2016-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "GETTY IMAGES Archive" (http://www.gettyimages.fr/detail/photo-d'actualite/model-iman-standing-near-a-wall-at-the-hotel-santo-photo-dactualite/499610490#) . Getty Images (in French) . Retrieved 2016-05-26 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-20) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1985, September - from page 88 to page 95" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0009-1198509/88/) . Vogue Archive . Retrieved 2016-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Aspesi, Natalia. "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1982, December - Pages 160-161" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0012198212/160/) . Vogue Archive (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Morris, Bernadine (1984-12-18). "THE NEW YORK TIMES - André Laug Obituary - 1984, December, 18th" (https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/18/obituaries/andre-laug-stylist-of-conservative-line-of-fashion-in-rome.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Hyde, Nina (/wiki/Nina_Hyde) . "THE WASHINGTON POST - André Laug Obituary - 1984, December 23rd" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/12/23/designer-andre-laug/b5080a57-162c-4445-a3e8-1c02ba4f1650/) . Washington Post . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1985, March - From page 384 to page 387" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0003-1198503/384/) . Vogue Archive (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "VOGUE ARCHIVE - 1988, March - Page 292" (http://archivio.vogue.it/archivio/magazine/01VOGUE0003-2198803/292/) . Vogue Archive (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "André Laug Haute Couture on Instagram" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/-an7ofv5i-) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/-an7ofv5i-/) on 2021-12-26 . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "About - André Laug" (http://www.andrelaug.com/about/#1995) . André Laug (in Italian) . Retrieved 2016-05-23 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to André Laug (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andr%C3%A9_Laug) . www.andrelaug.com (http://www.andrelaug.com/) — Company website NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐65cd9779b7‐tk84b Cached time: 20240722093442 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.522 seconds Real time usage: 0.952 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3279/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 62466/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4205/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 103166/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.327/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8271923/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 620.126 1 -total 36.83% 228.421 1 Template:Reflist 28.45% 176.426 24 Template:Cite_web 25.83% 160.177 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.15% 149.770 1 Template:Infobox 13.37% 82.880 1 Template:Short_description 7.93% 49.164 4 Template:Fix 7.58% 47.033 2 Template:Pagetype 6.72% 41.671 1 Template:Hlist 5.87% 36.387 1 Template:Unreliable_source? 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Fashion in Muslim communities Moslema (/wiki/Muslim) in style fashion show at PWTC. Islamic Fashion as a phenomenon stemmed from the combination of a set of Islamic practices (in which the need to cover a specific set of body parts is present) and of the rising need and desire to include these specific clothing items in a broader fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) . The global growth of “an Islamic consumer (/wiki/Consumer) sector, which explicitly forges links between religiosity and fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , encouraging Muslims to be both covered and fashionable, modest and beautiful,” is relatively fresh: Islamic Fashion as a particular phenomenon started appearing toward the 1980s. [1] (#cite_note-LoC-1) The most recent developments in the field have caused a varied public discourse (/wiki/Public_discourse) on a series of different levels, from the political, to the religious, to the cultural. Different positions are taken by different participants in the discussion of the politics and cultures of Islamic fashion. Islamic Fashion market nowadays presents the rapidly expanding niche that is still relatively empty in a global scale. Big brands (/wiki/Brands) are trying to present their collections related to Muslim religious observances, however, without any visible attempts to single-handedly secure the Muslim customers (/wiki/Customers) in Western countries (/wiki/Western_countries) leaving the space for the emerging young designers (/wiki/Designers) mainly from Muslim states. In the United Arab Emirates, particularly Dubai, are steadily laying the ground to become the Islamic Fashion center with a highly curated Designers District and housing of the leading Islamic brands. History of Islamic fashion [ edit ] To understand the controversy over Islamic fashion and how it has evolved, it's vital to understand the historical and religious meaning behind the clothing. It's important to remember that the specific styles of clothing vary among time periods and across geographical regions. Arabic dress dates back to the 13th century—men and women from this time period both wore a simple tunic dress with a loose garment over their head. The difference between the genders was that women had to cover more of their body, and usually had more accessories and embellishments. Another region that largely influenced modern Islamic dress is Turkey. It was different from Arabic dress in that " traditional Turkish ensemble for either men or women consisted of loose fitting trousers ( şalvar, don) and a shirt ( gömlek ), topped by a variety of jackets ( cebken ), vests ( yelek ), and long coats ( entâri, kaftan, üç etek )." [2] (#cite_note-2) Something these two regions had in common with their dress is that what people wore was an indication of their social status. In Arabic regions such as Iraq and Palestine, the way men covered their heads, turban or shawl, was related to their status. In Turkey, they also used headgear to show status in addition to layering clothes and using certain "richer" materials. Since Arabic clothing came long before Turkish and other regions' clothing, it's clear it had a large influence on Islamic fashion for all the subsequent cultures. A big part of the current Islamic fashion market is women's headdresses. Although men and women were both supposed to dress modestly, "The veil is a vehicle for distinguishing between women and men and a means of controlling male sexual desire". [3] (#cite_note-3) There are four main styles of wearing a veil or headscarf in Islamic tradition. The first, is named the Hijab. The hijab is made with one or two scarves, covering both the head and the neck. The face may remain unveiled. This style is most widely seen in the West, as well as still being popular within Middle Eastern countries. The next veil is called the Niqab, which covers the entirety of the body as well as the face, while leaving an opening for the eyes. There are two main styles of Niqab. A half-niqab is identified by a scarf veiling the face, while leaving the eyes and part of the forehead uncovered. A Gulf niqab only leaves narrow slits for the eyes. A third veil is the Chador, which is a full-body length shawl, pinned closed at the neck. The head and body are covered in this style, while leaving the face visible. This style is commonly seen in Iran. A fourth veiling style is called the Burqa. The burqa is a full-body covering where the entire face and body are veiled and there is a mesh screen in front of the eyes. [4] (#cite_note-4) Economics of Islamic fashion [ edit ] Moslema in style fashion show in Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur) Today the Islamic Fashion market (/wiki/Market_(economics)) is still in its early development stage; however, according to the numbers provided by the Global Islamic Economy Indicator [5] (#cite_note-5) the dynamics will rapidly change: Muslim (/wiki/Muslim) consumers (/wiki/Consumers) spent an estimated $266bn on clothing in 2014, a number that is projected to grow up to $484bn by 2019. Despite the fact that the figures show the purchase of clothing that cannot be translated directly into Islamic fashion the trend clearly proves that the modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) industry will be flourishing. Furthermore, the Pew Research [6] (#cite_note-6) predicts that the global population of Muslims will equal the number of Christians by 2050; hence, the purchasing power of young Muslim (/wiki/Muslim) customers (/wiki/Customers) will steadily grow that presents new opportunities for both young designers (/wiki/Designer) and big fashion brands (/wiki/Fashion_brands) . As for the seasonal profit the famous companies like DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , Hilfiger (/wiki/Hilfiger) are starting paying more attention to observances like Ramadan (/wiki/Ramadan) when the number of Muslim consumers rockets. [7] (#cite_note-7) However, currently the world-famous designers (/wiki/Designer) present their collections whether in Gulf States or online only while omitting the opportunities and growing demand presented in Western countries as it expresses Amani Al-Khatahtbeh, the editor-in-chief of MuslimGirl.net: “What's the point of having these Ramadan (/wiki/Ramadan) collections from these huge brands and huge designers if they're only being made available to people overseas who are already well aware of Ramadan (/wiki/Ramadan) and inclusive of it? Really, it's here in the U.S. or other Western countries (/wiki/Western_countries) where that kind of visibility would go a long way.” - Amani Al-Khatahtbeh (/wiki/Amani_Al-Khatahtbeh) , interview to Fortune, 15 July 2015 [8] (#cite_note-8) Considering the slow realization of emerging capacities by the global brands the niche of Islamic fashion (/wiki/Fashion) market (/wiki/Market_(economics)) would be likely occupied by Middle Eastern enterprises and start-ups. As Abdul Rahman Saif Al Ghurair (/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Saif_Al_Ghurair) , a member of the Dubai Islamic Economy Development Centre board, said in the interview to Bloomberg: “The lack of a global Islamic clothing brands (/wiki/Brands) presents a unique opportunity for U.A.E. (/wiki/U.A.E.) fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designers) .” [9] (#cite_note-9) Dubai, after opening Design District, is on its way to become the Islamic fashion capital as well as the global centre of the Islamic economy (/wiki/Islamic_economics) even if being challenged by the Turkish Muslim clothing industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) . Despite big designer brands making an entrance into the Muslim world, there is still a distinct lack of opportunities for young Muslim designers. This is because in most Muslim countries fashion is not taken seriously as a career path, instead math science and engineering have long taken priority. Recently, with more women entering the workforce the demand for fashion education has increased. The Creative Space Beirut School of Design is the future of the industry. It provides free education, while also putting emphasis on respecting cultural differences of students in order to build a safe community and allow talented young artists to create freely. Politics and culture [ edit ] Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , as all creative and artistic fields, does not exist in a vacuum, it has to relate with the socio-political culture in which it exists, and therefore the way such culture responds to it. Islamic Fashion witnessed a series of commentaries since mid 2014, when DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) launched its first ever Ramadan (/wiki/Ramadan) fashion line, [10] (#cite_note-10) as many others did such as Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Mango (/wiki/Mango_(retailer)) , UNIQLO (/wiki/UNIQLO) , Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) [11] (#cite_note-11) and Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Internal criticism [ edit ] Considering the controversial nature of the topic, a plethora of reactions was expected and it was varied in nature and sources. Internal reception was varied, encompassing reactions such as the one by fashion graduate Tabinda-Kauser Ishaq, who designed a ‘poppy hijab (/wiki/Hijab) ’ for Remembrance Day, [13] (#cite_note-13) who welcomed the arrival of mainstream Islam fashion and deemed it “a good move for the business of fashion”, and the one by Mariah Idrissi, the first hijab (/wiki/Hijab) -wearing model in an H&M (/wiki/H%26M) ad [14] (#cite_note-14) who said that, "Seeing Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) launch in this market is definitely a positive thing". A reminder of the religious connotation of the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) came from Shelina Janmohamed (/wiki/Shelina_Zahra_Janmohamed) , author of Love In A Headscarf, who pointed out how, “Today's fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) is about consumerism (/wiki/Consumerism) and objectification (/wiki/Objectification) - buy, buy, buy and be judged by what you wear. Muslim fashion is teetering between asserting a Muslim woman's right (/wiki/Woman%27s_right) to be beautiful and well-turned out, and buying more stuff than you need, and being judged by your clothes - both of which are the opposite of Islamic values.” [15] (#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-15) On the subject of the high-end commercialization (/wiki/Commercialization) of Islamic fashion, Ruqaiya Haris explained how Dolce & Gabbana's (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) hijab (/wiki/Hijab) range was aimed at people like her, and yet made her feel excluded: “It is difficult for me to feel excited and grateful for a fashion line that supposedly caters to me and the requirements of my faith when it feels as though the overwhelming message is that the only desirable Muslim is a wealthy one; that Muslim fashion (/wiki/Fashion) is acceptable, but only when legitimised by a major western fashion label (/wiki/Fashion_label) . And that ultimately western society will always have the monopoly on what is fashionable and relevant.” [16] (#cite_note-theguardian.com-16) Similarly, Somali-American model and humanitarian, Halima Aden, who is credited with being one of the first Hijabi women to appear on the cover of Vogue, spoke out in 2020 about the darker side of being a trailblazer for Muslim women within the fashion industry. After setting out to give back to the Muslim community through humanitarian aid work and increasing visibility for Hijabi women in fashion, Aden famously took a step back from her career when she revealed that she was becoming less and less in control of her ability to stay true to her Muslim values due to violations of contract clauses, and feelings of being tokenized by the organizations that she worked with. Aiden stated in one 2021 interview with BBC “I just decided I'm done with the NGO world using me for 'my beautiful story of courage and hope' [17] (#cite_note-17) On this ethical side of the discourse the argument made by Sabah Haneen Choudhry, a third-year Social Anthropology student at SOAS (/wiki/SOAS) , was that in 2016, the rise in Islamic fashion must be seen as a political matter: “My issue is this: why is the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) ‘acceptable’ only when it's appropriated and managed by major corporations— Western regimes that, in other words, have the power to permit and regulate what is deemed tolerable, capitalizable and not? Why can't Muslim women (/wiki/Muslim_women) decide the parameters of their Islamic identity and sexual morality, without facing harsh scrutiny from within and outside the ‘imagined’ Muslim community (/wiki/Muslim_community) ?” [15] (#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-15) The premise of the cultural appropriation side of the discourse, addressed online by different sources, [18] (#cite_note-18) can be summed up by Haris’ words when she states how Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) ’s range “looks like an appropriation of existing traditions without giving them any real recognition.” [16] (#cite_note-theguardian.com-16) As the IFDC Islamic Fashion and Design Council (/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Fashion_and_Design_Council&action=edit&redlink=1) noticed, we are witnessing the emergence of a segment they called “Muslim Futurists”: people who choose to live a life they feel is both faithful and modern, and who believe that both of these aspects are their right. It's the first recognition of a Muslim consumer (/wiki/Consumer) who wants the best brands (/wiki/Brands) , products (/wiki/Product_(business)) and services (/wiki/Service_(business)) – they want to be fashion-forward, for example, but only when it meets the requirements of their faith. [19] (#cite_note-19) External criticism [ edit ] Public comment came also from outside the Islamic community (/wiki/Islamic_community) , a rather controversial statement by former fashion mogul Pierre Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) , life and business partner of designer (/wiki/Designer) Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , who accused designers catering to the Islamic audience of taking part in the “enslavement of women”. [20] (#cite_note-20) Bergé’s statement stirred different reactions, particularly regarding this part of his statement: “"In life you have to chose the side of freedom," said Bergé (/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9) . "Rather than covering women up, "we must teach [Muslim] women to revolt, to take their clothes off, to learn to live like most of the women in the rest of the world."” [21] (#cite_note-21) Which, as Julianne Shepherd writes in her article for Jezebel, expresses a rather sexist (/wiki/Sexist) commentary behind the travesty of feminist (/wiki/Feminist) defence. [22] (#cite_note-22) Another strong criticism came from French's minister for women’s rights (/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_rights) Laurence Rossignol, who, speaking to BFTV over the decision by fashion (/wiki/Fashion) companies including Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) and Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) to produce and promote fashion aimed at Muslims (/wiki/Muslims) , criticised the fashion labels, saying the clothing was not “socially responsible” and “from a certain point of view ... promotes the shutting away of women's bodies”. When the interviewer suggested certain women made the decision of their own free will to cover themselves, Rossignol replied: “Of course, they are women who make the choice ... there were also ... American negroes who were in favour of slavery.” [23] (#cite_note-23) A petition was launched by a French student, Hawa N’Dongo, on change.org calling for Rossignol to be punished: “It is with anger and exasperation that we have been once again confronted with the verbal violence of a political leader,” wrote N’Dongo. “Asked about the false debate on ‘Islamic fashion’ she came out with scandalous propositions that feed the confusion and stigmatisation of Muslim women and the millions of transported slaves.” It's clearly a controversial subject and one that many Muslim women (/wiki/Muslim_women) feel strongly about, [24] (#cite_note-24) since it covers a wide variety of issues and problems that have a history of not being addressed and that are only now seeing recognition on a larger, more global scale. Islamic fashion on the web [ edit ] Young generation - main target of Islamic Fashion market. The growing popularity of online shopping (/wiki/Online_shopping) worldwide among young Muslims (/wiki/Muslims) has proved that the Internet (/wiki/Internet) nowadays is playing crucial role in promoting exclusivist Muslim identities as well as is enabling unexpected convergences and connections between individuals of different backgrounds and between the demands of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) and faith (/wiki/Faith) . [25] (#cite_note-Interventions-25) Moreover, the Islamic Fashion online stores (/wiki/Online_stores) are promoting ethical commerce as part of their revenue goes to charity. The past decade has seen the diversification and spread of Islamic fashion commerce in Britain (/wiki/Great_Britain) , the United States (/wiki/The_United_States) and around the world, both on and off the Web, with some entrepreneurs catering to the higher end of the market. Partially, the opposition to hijab ban (/wiki/Hijab_ban) in some countries and limiting regulations for doing sports pushed for transformation of Islamic clothing (/wiki/Islamic_clothing) and spurred the activity on the Internet (/wiki/Internet) ( fashion blogs (/wiki/Fashion_blogs) , social networks (/wiki/Social_networks) , etc.), notably, contributed to the growth of the wide range of Islamic Fashion e-shops (/wiki/Online_Store) . However, the emergence of online stores (/wiki/Online_stores) alongside the Muslim (/wiki/Muslim) lifestyle magazines and fashion blogs (/wiki/Fashion_blogs) has risen the wave of criticism related to both the commercialization of religion and veiled religious propaganda. On the other hand, some scholars interpret the matter the other way: “[...] the entrepreneurs involved in promoting hijab (/wiki/Hijab) online may be motivated by a mixture of religious, ethical, political and commercial concerns which grow out of their personal experiences of living in a multicultural urban environment and which reflect and respond to the desire expressed by many young Muslim women living in the West to be both fashionable and modest.” - Emma Tarlo, HIJAB ONLINE, 2010 [25] (#cite_note-Interventions-25) Especially for the Muslim women (/wiki/Muslim_women) , hijab (/wiki/Hijab) has become an important part for their appearance: they are increasingly looking for fashion that doesn't set them apart from the rest of society. With the rapid growth of digital networks and social media users, the need of these “digital platforms” is increasing and the purchasing power of young consumers tends to grow over the years. Apart from the traditional websites as online stores, it's possible to use social media (/wiki/Social_media) to market the hijab (/wiki/Hijab) by saving time and costs, starting from Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) , to Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) and Pinterest (/wiki/Pinterest) . Islamic fashion online stores [ edit ] Islamic Fashion and Design Council (IFDC) is a platform that provides support, initiatives and programmes to help make the industry more cohesive for Islamic fashion by bringing the industry players together to help them to generate more opportunities. [26] (#cite_note-khaleejtimes.com-26) “This clothing is beautiful, and the beauty is made for every woman.”- Indonesian Fashion Designer Amy Atmanto Clothing companies and brands (/wiki/Brands) are quite fragmented globally. In most OIC (/wiki/OIC) (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) countries, local clothing companies that are local culture - driven dominate the market: a special segment (/wiki/Market_segmentation) of Islamic/modest clothing (/wiki/Modest_fashion) companies is emerging globally, some of the most established producers and labels (/wiki/Labels) understandably come from Muslim-majority countries. However, new labels (/wiki/Labels) from other countries - especially those targeting the younger generation of Muslim women (/wiki/Muslim_women) - are quickly gaining tractions in their local markets and beyond. [27] (#cite_note-27) Social media [ edit ] There is undeniably a modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) craze that has been going on this past years with big brands in fashion, celebrities and independent entrepreneurs on this movement. This trend is seeing mainstream brands like Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Mango (/wiki/Mango_(retailer)) , Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) and DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) coming up with modest collections they never did before. We are also seeing many celebrities including Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) and Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) wearing and posting on their social media profiles the Islamic headscarf, the hijab and Beyoncé dressing in an abaya. [28] (#cite_note-28) It is a continuing growing trend: some women designed their own clothes that suited their needs because the mainstream market could not provide it, these personalities on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) and several blogging sites (/wiki/Blog) started getting attention. They became the icons (/wiki/Icons) people looked up to for fashion inspiration: “Young hijabi Instagrammers like Maryam Asadullah, Sobia Masood and many other social media (/wiki/Social_media) personalities have made a huge impact in the modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) industry. These personalities created a trend whereby they shared their stylish modest outfits, tips and tutorials while other people admired their style thus gaining them big followership. They were able to provide what the mainstream fashion industry was not giving them and the modest wearer. This inspired and helped many other young people who were following them. More and more people started sharing their modest styles on social media (/wiki/Social_media) and it became a buzz (/wiki/Marketing_buzz) that changed the view of modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) ”. [29] (#cite_note-29) Asadullah is just one of many fashion-forward hijab-clad Muslim women (/wiki/Muslim_women) showcasing their personal style on the popular photo-sharing social media (/wiki/Social_media) site. [30] (#cite_note-30) These Instagrammers fill a gap that mainstream media has still to cover: inspiration and advice for women who want to maintain religious standards of modesty without sacrificing personal style. Fashion Vlogger (/wiki/Vlogger) , designer and co-owner of Vela Scarves Marwa Atik is another example of Muslim women taking charge of their religious and fashion identity. Since the fashion industry hasn't been marketed much towards Muslim women, Atik took it upon herself to edit existing scarfs and create designs for her friends from her garage, until the weight and volume of her work became too much, and her sister decided to step in. [31] (#cite_note-31) Vela Scarves is a scarf fashion line based out of California, U.S.A., started up by Atik in 2009 and officially launched in 2010 with partner and sister Tasneem Atik Sabri. [32] (#cite_note-32) This brand focuses on hijab (/wiki/Hijab) styles for Muslim women, with "empowerment, modern flair, and individual style" in mind. [33] (#cite_note-33) Social media has made it possible for users around the globe to contribute to the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) , and is now serving as a platform to introduce Islamic fashion to the world. Vela has a 104,000 [34] (#cite_note-34) following on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , and a 7,500 [35] (#cite_note-35) following on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) , allowing the company a large platform for advertising and selling their scarves local and worldwide. Fashion hijab (/wiki/Hijab) appendages such as Islamic fashion is also greatly increased its sales through social networking (/wiki/Social_networking) . Social media (/wiki/Social_media) is acting as a catalyst in making the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) more accepting to couture that isn't Western-centric. [26] (#cite_note-khaleejtimes.com-26) In September 2015, Swedish brand H&M was the first of international fashion retailers to feature a Muslim model (/wiki/Muslim_women) wearing a hijab (/wiki/Hijab) in a video designed to encourage consumers to recycle their clothes. There are many Muslim fashion influencers on Instagram and TikTok, either showcasing their own modest fashion or giving tips to others who dress modestly. The Urban Hijabi, run by Nabeeha Fakih Sheikh has over 70,000 followers. Sheikh told a reporter that the goal of her account was to showcase her hijab, which she emphasizes is her choice, and emphasize to followers that one can be fashionable and wear a hijab. The year 2016 saw modesty going mainstream in Western culture. The first hijabi posed on the cover of Playboy Magazine, Anniesa well-known New York Fashion Week show had all of the models wearing modest clothing and Hijabs. [36] (#cite_note-36) Islamic Fashion by Country [ edit ] Indonesia [ edit ] Muslim and Muslim fashion in Indonesia is experiencing rapid progress. Various local Indonesian products are now known to the world with musilim fashion estimated to be worth around 13.5 billion USD. [37] (#cite_note-37) The State Global Islamic Economy report for 2018/19 revealed that Indonesia was runner-up as the country that develops the best Muslim fashion in the world. Some Muslim fashion products in Indonesia that are well known abroad include Rabbani, Elzatta, Zoya, Zaskia Mecca (ZM), Dian Pelangi. [38] (#cite_note-38) See also [ edit ] Islam (/wiki/Islam) Women in Islam (/wiki/Women_in_Islam) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Islam and clothing (/wiki/Islam_and_clothing) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Consumer culture (/wiki/Consumer_culture) Politics (/wiki/Politics) Market (/wiki/Market_(economics)) Muslim world (/wiki/Muslim_world) Capitalism (/wiki/Capitalism) E-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) Social networks (/wiki/Social_networks) Media (/wiki/Media_(communication)) Fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-LoC_1-0) Tarlo E. Hijab in London: Metamorphosis, Resonance and Effects. Journal of Material Culture. Vol. 12(2): 138 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "CLOTHING" (http://char.txa.cornell.edu/islamicclothes.htm) . char.txa.cornell.edu . Retrieved 2019-11-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "A Brief History of the Veil in Islam" (https://www.facinghistory.org/civic-dilemmas/brief-history-veil-islam) . Facing History and Ourselves . Retrieved 2019-11-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "A Brief History of the Veil in Islam" (https://www.facinghistory.org/civic-dilemmas/brief-history-veil-islam) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2015 (http://www.dinarstandard.com/state-of-the-global-islamic-economy-report-2015/) . Dinar Standard . ^ (#cite_ref-6) The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050 (https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050/) . Pew Research Center . ^ (#cite_ref-7) La Ferla R. For Ramadan, Courting the Muslim Shopper (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/25/fashion/for-ramadan-courting-the-muslim-shopper.html?ref=fashion&_r=1) . NY Times . 24 June 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Petrilla M. The next big untapped fashion market: Muslim women (http://fortune.com/2015/07/15/muslim-women-fashion/) . Fortune . 15 July 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Y-Sing L., Solovieva D. Islamic Fashion's Expanding Market Attracts Shariah Financiers (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-08/islamic-fashion-s-expanding-market-attracts-shariah-financiers) . Bloomberg . 9 April 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Gandhi L. DKNY Launches First Ever Ramadan Fashion Line (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/dkny-launches-first-ever-ramadan-fashion-line-n151541) . NBC News . 9 July 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Sanghani R. How the hijab went high-fashion and divided Muslim women (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/how-the-hijab-went-high-fashion-and-divided-muslim-women/) . The Telegraph .18 February 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Minthe C. Exclusive: The Dolce & Gabbana Abaya Collection Debut (http://arabia.style.com/fashion/news/exclusive-dolce-gabbana-abaya-line/) . Style.com/Arabia . 3 January 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Sanghani, Radhika. "Why British Muslims Need a 'poppy Hijab' to Remember World War One." (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11985648/World-War-One-Remembrance-Day-British-Muslims-must-wear-poppy-hijab.html) The Telegraph . 10 Nov. 2105 ^ (#cite_ref-14) Halime, Farah. "Meet the First Hijab-wearing Model in an H&M Ad." (http://fusion.net/story/203380/mariah-idrissi-hm-hijabi-fashion-model/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170331150045/http://fusion.net/story/203380/mariah-idrissi-hm-hijabi-fashion-model/) 2017-03-31 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Fusion . 25 Sept. 2015 ^ Jump up to: a b Sanghani, Radhika. "How the Hijab Went High-fashion and Divided Muslim Women." (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/how-the-hijab-went-high-fashion-and-divided-muslim-women/) The Telegraph . 18 Feb. 2016 ^ Jump up to: a b Haris, Ruqaiya. "D&G's Hijab Range Is Aimed at People like Me – so Why Do I Feel Excluded?" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/11/dolce-gabbana-hijab-collection-muslim-women-western-fashion) The Guardian . 11 Jan. 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Supermodel Halima Aden: 'Why I quit' (https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55653029) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55653029) . BBC News . 14 January 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Torkia, Dina. "DESIGNER ABAYAS, WHAT’S NEW?" (http://www.dinatorkia.co.uk/style/designer-abbayas-whats-new/) DINA TORKIA . 07 Jan. 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-19) Alawa, Laila. "Badass Young Women Are Showing the World What "Muslim Style” IFDC." (http://ifdcouncil.org/badass-young-women-are-showing-the-world-what-muslim-style-looks-like/) IFDC . 16 Aug. 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-20) "French Fashion Mogul Pierre Bergé Hits out at 'Islamic' Clothing." (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/mar/30/fashion-mogul-pierre-berge-hits-out-at-islamic-clothing) The Guardian . 30 Mar. 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-21) Manning, Emily. "Exploring the Backlash against High-fashion Hijabs." (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/exploring-the-backlash-against-high-fashion-hijabs) ID.vice.com . 30 Mar. 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-22) Shepherd, Julianne Escobedo. "YSL Partner Slams Designers Who Cater to Muslim Women as 'Enslavement'" (http://jezebel.com/ysl-partner-slams-designers-who-cater-to-muslim-women-a-1767981402) Jezebel . 30 Mar. 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-23) Willsher, Kim. "French Women's Rights Minister Accused of Racism over Term 'negro'" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/30/french-womens-rights-minister-laurence-rossignol-accused-racism-negro) The Guardian . 30 Mar. 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Sanghani R. How the hijab went high-fashion and divided Muslim women (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/how-the-hijab-went-high-fashion-and-divided-muslim-women/) The Telegraph .18 February 2016 ^ Jump up to: a b Tarlo, Emma. "Hijab Online." Interventions 12.2 (2010): 209-25. ^ Jump up to: a b Shabeeh, Rabiya. "Social Media Providing Platform to Promote Islamic Fashion" (http://www.khaleejtimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/social-media-providing-platform-to-promote-islamic-fashion) Khaleej Times . 31 Oct. 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-27) Brugnoni, Antea. "Modest Fashion: The Way to Multicultural Fashion." (http://www.assaif.org/index.php/NewsCom/Agenda-from-1986/28-January-2014) SMI - Sistema Moda Italia - Federazione Tessile Moda, Milano. Assaif.org . 28 January 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-28) "The Impact of Social Media on the Modest Fashion Industry." (http://ifdcouncil.org/social-media-taking-modest-fashion-to-another-level/) IFDC . 06 Jan. 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-29) "The Impact of Social Media on the Modest Fashion Industry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160125015024/http://ifdcouncil.org/social-media-taking-modest-fashion-to-another-level) . ifdcouncil.org . Archived from the original (http://ifdcouncil.org/social-media-taking-modest-fashion-to-another-level/) on 2016-01-25. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Meet The Hijabi Fashionistas Of Instagram: Chic Muslim Women Share Their Modest Style On Social Media." (http://www.ibtimes.com/meet-hijabi-fashionistas-instagram-chic-muslim-women-share-their-modest-style-social-2178021) International Business Times . 10 Nov. 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Vela Scarves covers new ground by making traditional hijab headscarves with a fashionable twist" (https://www.ocregister.com/2014/05/27/vela-scarves-covers-new-ground-by-making-traditional-hijab-headscarves-with-a-fashionable-twist/) . Orange County Register . 2014-05-27 . Retrieved 2018-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "The Designer" (https://www.velascarves.com/pages/the-designer) . Vela . Retrieved 2018-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Our Purpose" (https://www.velascarves.com/pages/our-purpose) . Vela . Retrieved 2018-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "V E L A™ by Marwa Atik (@velascarves) • Instagram photos and videos" (https://www.instagram.com/velascarves/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2018-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Marwa Atik" (https://www.youtube.com/user/VelaScarves/featured) . YouTube . Retrieved 2018-04-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Follow These Instagram Influencers Now for the Ultimate Modest Fashion Inspiration" (https://en.vogue.me/fashion/modest-fashion-influencers-instagram/) . 16 June 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Who are the Muslim Youth in Indonesia? - Janio" (https://www.janio.asia/resources/articles/muslim-youth-in-indonesia#:~:text=With%20the%20Muslim%20clothing%20market,increasingly%20celebrated%20in%20the%20country.) . www.janio.asia . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Rizqiyah, Aslamatur. "Pemikiran Progresif Linda Anggrea Pemilik Buttonscarves, Produk Lokal yang Kini Mendunia" (https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2024/06/25/pemikiran-progresif-linda-anggrea-pemilik-buttonscarves-produk-lokal-yang-kini-mendunia) . www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . References [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Islamic fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_fashion) . Tarlo E. "Hijab in London: Metamorphosis, Resonance and Effects." Journal of Material Culture . Vol. 12(2): 138 Tarlo E. "Hijab Online." Interventions 12.2 (2010): 209–25. Gökariksel B., McLarney E. "Muslim Women, Consumer Capitalism, and the Islamic Culture Industry." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies . Volume 6, Number 3, Fall 2010, pp. 1–18 Abbas J. A., Abdulrahman A.-A. Marketing and Ethics: What Islamic Ethics Have Contributed and the Challenges Ahead . Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. 2014 Killian, Caitlin. “The Other Side of the Veil.” Gender & Society 17, no. 4 (2003): 567–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243203253541 Jirousek, Charlotte. “Islamic Clothing,” 2004. http://char.txa.cornell.edu/islamicclothes.htm. v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) 19th century (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) 21st century (/wiki/21st_century_in_fashion) Events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) Fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) Industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) Awards (/wiki/Category:Fashion_awards) Clothing industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Designer clothing (/wiki/Designer_clothing) Digital fashion (/wiki/Digital_fashion) Fashion blog (/wiki/Fashion_blog) Fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) Fashion entrepreneur (/wiki/Fashion_entrepreneur) Fashion editor (/wiki/Fashion_editor) Fashion forecasting (/wiki/Fashion_forecasting) Fashion illustration (/wiki/Fashion_illustration) Fashion influencer (/wiki/Fashion_influencer) Fashion journalism (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) Fashion law (/wiki/Fashion_law) Fashion photography (/wiki/Fashion_photography) Fashion merchandising 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Reda Group is an Italian (/wiki/Culture_of_Italy) wool (/wiki/Wool) mill established in 1865 by Carlo Reda. The mill is located in Valdilana (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdilana) , in the historic Biella (/wiki/Biella) region. History [ edit ] Lanificio Carlo Reda e figli ( Carlo Reda and Sons Woolen Mill ) was founded in 1865 [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) in Valle Mosso, in the Province of Biella, by entrepreneur Carlo Reda, who started the company from an old mill. The company was carried forward by his son Giovanni until Luigi Botto took over in 1919. [3] (#cite_note-3) After the total destruction of its facilities (then known as Successori Reda ) in the 1968 (/wiki/1968) floods, the company was reborn. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1993, the company bought its first farm in New Zealand and currently owns three: Otamatapaio (1993), Rugged Ridges (1997) and Glenrock (2003), for a total of 74,100 acres and 30,000 sheep. In 2015, in collaboration with The Woolmark Company (/wiki/International_Wool_Secretariat) , Reda celebrated its 150th anniversary with a touring exhibition and a photography book created with Magnum Photos (/wiki/Magnum_Photos) and curated by Angelo Flaccavento. In April 2018, the company, owned by the fourth generation of the Botto Poala family, bought Comero, a woolen mill based in Gattinara, Vercelli. [5] (#cite_note-5) Reda's production is divided across three lines: Reda 1865 (classic fabrics), Reda Active for technical sportswear and Reda Flexo, which uses the ROICA™ V550 polymer. It is one of the few textile companies in the world that manages the entire production chain (/wiki/Vertical_integration) , from breeding farms in New Zealand to finished fabric. [6] (#cite_note-6) Rewoolution is Reda Group's activewear (/wiki/Activewear) line. The range's collections are designed for athletes, mountain lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. In 2020, Reda became the first textile company in Italy and one of the first worldwide to receive the B Corporation (/wiki/B_Corporation) certification. In November 2020, the company fully acquired Lanieri, a digital start-up in which it already was a minority shareholder. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "I primi 150 anni di una lana d'artisti" (https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/i-primi-150-anni-lana-dartisti-1090794.html) . ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 2015-02-07 . Retrieved 2022-06-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Coiz, A. (1873). Guida storico-artistico-industriale di Biella a circondario: Anno 1873 (in Italian). A. Chiorino. ^ (#cite_ref-3) International Textiles . International textiles. 2002. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "L'alluvione del 2 novembre 1968 - Archivi Tessili del Biellese" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160807050649/http://www.archivitessili.biella.it/site/home/il-tessile-biellese-ieri-e-oggi/luoghi/articolo6521.html) . 2016-08-07. Archived from the original (http://www.archivitessili.biella.it/site/home/il-tessile-biellese-ieri-e-oggi/luoghi/articolo6521.html) on 2016-08-07 . Retrieved 2022-06-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) IT, FashionNetwork com. "Gruppo Reda acquisisce il lanificio Comero" (https://it.fashionnetwork.com/news/Gruppo-reda-acquisisce-il-lanificio-comero,971322.html) . FashionNetwork.com (in Italian) . Retrieved 2022-06-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ambrosi, Luigi (2017), "«Nella direzione sbagliata». Rappresentazioni della Rivoluzione nel «Corriere della Sera» e nella «Stampa» (1947-1987)", Sfumature di rosso , Accademia University Press, pp. 103–130, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4000/books.aaccademia.2301 (https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.aaccademia.2301) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788899982294 See also [ edit ] Ermenegildo Zegna (/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_Group) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Dormeuil (/wiki/Dormeuil) Holland & Sherry (/wiki/Holland_%26_Sherry) Carlo Barbera (/wiki/Carlo_Barbera) Fratelli Piacenza (/wiki/Fratelli_Piacenza) Lanificio Fratelli Cerruti (/wiki/Lanificio_Fratelli_Cerruti) v t e Fabric (/wiki/Textile) Types Woven (/wiki/Woven_fabric) Abacá cloth (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1#Textiles) (Medriñaque) Aertex (/wiki/Aertex) Armazine (/wiki/Armazine) Almerían silk (/wiki/Almer%C3%ADan_silk) Barathea (/wiki/Barathea) Barkcloth (/wiki/Barkcloth) Batiste (/wiki/Batiste) Bedford cord (/wiki/Bedford_cord) Bengaline (/wiki/Bengaline) Beta cloth (/wiki/Beta_cloth) Bombazine (/wiki/Bombazine) Brilliantine (/wiki/Brilliantine_(fabric)) Broadcloth (/wiki/Broadcloth) Buckram (/wiki/Buckram) Bunting (/wiki/Bunting_(textile)) Burlap (/wiki/Hessian_fabric) Byrd Cloth (/wiki/Byrd_Cloth) C change (/wiki/C_change) Calico (/wiki/Calico) Cambric (/wiki/Cambric) Canvas (/wiki/Canvas) Chambray (/wiki/Cambric) Capilene (/wiki/Capilene) Cedar bark textile (/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile) Challis (/wiki/Challis_(fabric)) Char cloth (/wiki/Char_cloth) Charmeuse (/wiki/Charmeuse) Charvet (/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)) Cheesecloth (/wiki/Cheesecloth) Chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) Chino (/wiki/Chino_cloth) Chintz (/wiki/Chintz) Cloqué (/wiki/Cloqu%C3%A9) Cloth of gold (/wiki/Cloth_of_gold) Cordura (/wiki/Cordura) Corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) Cotton duck (/wiki/Cotton_duck) Coutil (/wiki/Coutil) Crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) Cretonne (/wiki/Cretonne) Denim (/wiki/Denim) Dimity (/wiki/Dimity) Donegal tweed (/wiki/Donegal_tweed) Dornix (/wiki/Dornix) Dowlas (/wiki/Dowlas) Drill (/wiki/Drill_(fabric)) Drugget (/wiki/Drugget) Eolienne (/wiki/Eolienne) Flannel (/wiki/Flannel) Foulard (/wiki/Foulard) Fustian (/wiki/Fustian) Gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) Gauze (/wiki/Gauze) Gazar (/wiki/Gazar) Georgette (/wiki/Georgette_(fabric)) Ghalamkar (/wiki/Ghalamkar) Gingham (/wiki/Gingham) Grenadine (/wiki/Grenadine_(cloth)) Grenfell Cloth (/wiki/Grenfell_Cloth) Grosgrain (/wiki/Grosgrain) Habutai (/wiki/Habutai) Haircloth (/wiki/Haircloth) Harris tweed (/wiki/Harris_tweed) Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) Himroo (/wiki/Himroo) Hodden (/wiki/Hodden) Irish linen (/wiki/Irish_linen) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kerseymere (/wiki/Kerseymere) Khādī (/wiki/Kh%C4%81d%C4%AB) Khaki drill (/wiki/Khaki_drill) Kijōka-bashōfu (/wiki/Kij%C5%8Dka-bash%C5%8Dfu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) Lawn (/wiki/Lawn_cloth) Linsey-woolsey (/wiki/Linsey-woolsey) Loden (/wiki/Loden_cape) Longcloth (/wiki/Longcloth) Mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_cloth) Madapollam (/wiki/Madapollam) Madras (/wiki/Madras_(cloth)) Moleskin (/wiki/Moleskin) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nainsook (/wiki/Nainsook) Nankeen (/wiki/Nankeen) Ninon (/wiki/Ninon) Oilskin (/wiki/Oilskin) Organdy (/wiki/Organdy) Organza (/wiki/Organza) Osnaburg (/wiki/Osnaburg) Ottoman (/wiki/Ottoman_(textile)) Oxford (/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)) Paduasoy (/wiki/Paduasoy) Percale (/wiki/Percale) Perpetuana (/wiki/Perpetuana) Pongee (/wiki/Pongee) Poplin (/wiki/Poplin) Rakematiz (/wiki/Rakematiz) Rayadillo (/wiki/Rayadillo) Rep (/wiki/Rep_(fabric)) Ripstop (/wiki/Ripstop) Russell cord (/wiki/Russell_cord) Saga Nishiki (/wiki/Saga_Nishiki) Samite (/wiki/Samite) Sateen (/wiki/Sateen) Satin (/wiki/Satin) Saye (/wiki/Saye) Scarlet (/wiki/Scarlet_(cloth)) Seerhand muslin (/wiki/Seerhand_muslin) Seersucker (/wiki/Seersucker) Sendal (/wiki/Sendal) Serge (/wiki/Serge_(fabric)) Scrim (/wiki/Scrim_(material)) Shot silk (/wiki/Shot_silk) Stuff (/wiki/Stuff_(cloth)) Taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) Tais (/wiki/Tais) Tartan (/wiki/Tartan) Ticking (/wiki/Ticking) Toile (/wiki/Toile) Tucuyo (/wiki/Tucuyo) Tweed (/wiki/Tweed) Twill (/wiki/Twill) Ultrasuede (/wiki/Ultrasuede) Vegetable flannel (/wiki/Vegetable_flannel) Ventile (/wiki/Ventile) Vinyl coated polyester (/wiki/Vinyl_coated_polyester) Viyella (/wiki/Viyella) Voile (/wiki/Voile) Wadmal (/wiki/Wadmal) Waffle (/wiki/Waffle_fabric) Wigan (/wiki/Wigan_(fabric)) Whipcord (/wiki/Whipcord) Zephyr (/wiki/Zephyr_cloth) Zorbeez (/wiki/Zorbeez) Figured woven Brocade (/wiki/Brocade) Camlet (/wiki/Camlet) Damask (/wiki/Damask) Lampas (/wiki/Lampas) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Rinzu (/wiki/Rinzu) Pile woven (/wiki/Pile_(textile)) Baize (/wiki/Baize) Chenille (/wiki/Chenille_fabric) Corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) Crimplene (/wiki/Crimplene) Fustian (/wiki/Fustian) Mockado (/wiki/Mockado) Moquette (/wiki/Moquette) Plush (/wiki/Plush) Polar fleece (/wiki/Polar_fleece) Terrycloth (/wiki/Terrycloth) Velours du Kasaï (/wiki/Velours_du_Kasa%C3%AF) Velvet (/wiki/Velvet) Velveteen (/wiki/Velveteen) Zibeline (/wiki/Zibeline) Nonwoven (/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric) Felt (/wiki/Felt) Cedar bark (/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile) Knitted (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) Boiled wool (/wiki/Boiled_wool) Coolmax (/wiki/Coolmax) Machine knitting (/wiki/Knitting_machine) Milliskin (/wiki/Milliskin) Jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) Velour (/wiki/Velour) Netted (/wiki/Net_(textile)) Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Carbon fibers (/wiki/Carbon_fibers) Lace (/wiki/Lace) Mesh (/wiki/Mesh) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Ninon (/wiki/Ninon) Tulle (/wiki/Tulle_netting) Technical (/wiki/Technical_textile) Ballistic nylon (/wiki/Ballistic_nylon) Ban-Lon (/wiki/Ban-Lon) Conductive textile (/wiki/Conductive_textile) Darlexx (/wiki/Darlexx) E-textiles (/wiki/E-textiles) Gannex (/wiki/Gannex) Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) Lenticular fabric (/wiki/Lenticular_fabric) Silnylon (/wiki/Silnylon) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Stub-tex (/wiki/Stub-tex) SympaTex (/wiki/SympaTex) Windstopper (/wiki/Windstopper) Patterns Argyle (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) Bizarre silk (/wiki/Bizarre_silk) Check (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) Chiné (/wiki/Warp_printing) Glen plaid (/wiki/Glen_plaid) Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) Houndstooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) Kelsch (/wiki/Kelsch_d%27Alsace) Paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) Pinstripes (/wiki/Pinstripes) Polka dot (/wiki/Polka_dot) Shweshwe (/wiki/Shweshwe) Tartan or plaid (/wiki/Tartan) Tattersall (/wiki/Tattersall_(cloth)) Textile fibers (/wiki/Fiber) Abacá (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1) (Manila hemp) Acrylic (/wiki/Acrylic_fiber) Alpaca (/wiki/Alpaca_fiber) Angora (/wiki/Angora_wool) Bashō (/wiki/Musa_basjoo) Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) Coir (/wiki/Coir) Cotton (/wiki/Cotton) Eisengarn (/wiki/Eisengarn) Hemp (/wiki/Hemp) Jute (/wiki/Jute) Kevlar (/wiki/Kevlar) Linen (/wiki/Linen) Mohair (/wiki/Mohair) Nylon (/wiki/Nylon) Microfiber (/wiki/Microfiber) Olefin (/wiki/Olefin_fiber) Pashmina (/wiki/Pashmina) Polyester (/wiki/Polyester) Piña (/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a) Ramie (/wiki/Ramie) Rayon (/wiki/Rayon) Sea silk (/wiki/Sea_silk) Silk (/wiki/Silk) Sisal (/wiki/Sisal) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Spider silk (/wiki/Spider_silk) Wool (/wiki/Wool) Finishing (/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)) and printing (/wiki/Textile_printing) Androsia (/wiki/Androsia) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Beetling (/wiki/Beetling) Bingata (/wiki/Bingata) Bògòlanfini (/wiki/B%C3%B2g%C3%B2lanfini) Burnout (/wiki/Devor%C3%A9) Calendering (/wiki/Calendering_(textiles)) Decatising (/wiki/Decatising) Devoré (/wiki/Devor%C3%A9) Finishing (/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)) Fulling (/wiki/Fulling) Heatsetting (/wiki/Heatsetting) Indienne (/wiki/Indienne) Kasuri (/wiki/Kasuri) Katazome (/wiki/Katazome) Mercerization (/wiki/Mercerised_cotton) Moire (/wiki/Moire_(fabric)) Nap (/wiki/Nap_(textile)) Parchmentising (/wiki/Parchmentising) Rogan printing (/wiki/Rogan_printing) Rōketsuzome (/wiki/R%C5%8Dketsuzome) Roller printing (/wiki/Roller_printing_on_textiles) Sanforization (/wiki/Sanforization) Tenterhook (/wiki/Tenterhook) Textile 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reda_(fabric_mill)&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Socks manufacturer company This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Swiss_Barefoot_Company) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Swiss_Barefoot_Company) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . 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[1] (#cite_note-1) [ self-published source? ] Products [ edit ] Swiss Protection Sock (SPS); a toe sock (/wiki/Toe_socks) made of kevlar (/wiki/Kevlar) with tiny rubber dots on the bottom designed to be worn as a minimalist shoe (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) and offer more protection than an ordinary sock. It comes in standard and low-cut versions. [2] (#cite_note-2) Free Your Feet (FYF) Sock; a development of the Swiss Protection Sock made of Dyneema (/wiki/Dyneema) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [ self-published source? ] The company claims that this is "the most minimalist footwear ever". [4] (#cite_note-4) [ unreliable source? ] See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Swiss Barefoot Company | Facebook" (https://www.facebook.com/BarefootCompany/) . www.facebook.com . Retrieved 2016-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Furry sock shoes designed for walking, running and sports" (http://newatlas.com/furry-sock-shoes/21397/) . newatlas.com . 11 February 2012 . Retrieved 2016-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "FYF - #FreeYourFeet" (http://fyf.io/products/fyf?variant=544073817) . Swiss Barefoot Company . Retrieved 2016-08-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "#FreeYourFeet with the world's most minimalist footwear, FYF" (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/swissbarefootcompany/freeyourfeet-with-the-worlds-most-minimalist-footw) . Kickstarter . Retrieved 2016-08-09 . This Swiss corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Barefoot_Company&action=edit) . v t e This article about a fashion brand, house, corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American sports and fitness clothing brand This article is about the brand. For the medieval language, see Alanian language (/wiki/Alanian_language) . For its modern relative, see Ossetian language (/wiki/Ossetian_language) . For the French writer, see Mathilde Alanic (/wiki/Mathilde_Alanic) . This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alanic&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( October 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Alanic Company type Privately held company Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) and Sports Equipment (/wiki/Sports_Equipment) Founded 2005 ; 19 years ago ( 2005 ) Headquarters Beverly Hills, Los Angeles (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , United States (/wiki/United_States) Area served Worldwide Products sports wear Brands Alanic Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Dioz Group Website www.alanic.clothing (https://www.alanic.clothing/) Alanic is a sports and fitness clothing brand (/wiki/List_of_fitness_wear_brands) headquartered in North Hollywood (/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , US. Alanic corporate offices are located at 1/49 Lemana lane, Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) . It has been the official supplier of the Miami Marathon (/wiki/Miami_Marathon) US, Vancouver Sun Run (/wiki/Vancouver_Sun_Run) [1] (#cite_note-1) Canada, New Jersey Marathon (/wiki/New_Jersey_Marathon) US and Some Major Tier 1 Marathons (/wiki/Marathon) in the United States and also the National Basketball Team of Australia (/wiki/Basketball_Australia) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Alanic has been associated with events [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) like ATP – St. Petersburg Open (/wiki/St._Petersburg_Open) Tennis; Indianapolis Monumental Marathon (/wiki/Monumental_Marathon) 2013, Indiana (/wiki/Indiana) ; 2012 Ironman Triathlon (/wiki/Ironman_Triathlon) Series in Australia (/wiki/Australia) , NZ (/wiki/New_Zealand) & Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) ; Seattle Marathon, US; Malibu Marathon, US; where it acted as the official supplier [13] (#cite_note-13) and clothing (/wiki/Clothing) partner. The Tough Mudder (/wiki/Tough_Mudder) announced [14] (#cite_note-14) a new multi-year partnership with Alanic as the official apparel partner. [15] (#cite_note-15) This United States corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alanic&action=edit) . v t e See also [ edit ] Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) List of fitness wear brands (/wiki/List_of_fitness_wear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Alanic Partners with The Vancouver Sun Run, the Largest 10K Running Event in Canada | Running USA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151214153004/http://www.runningusa.org/alanic-vancouver-sun-run-agreement) . www.runningusa.org . Archived from the original (http://www.runningusa.org/alanic-vancouver-sun-run-agreement) on 14 December 2015 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Alanic agrees Basketball Australia sponsorship - Sports Sponsorship news - Basketball Oceania - SportsPro Media" (http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/alanic_agrees_basketball_australia_sponsorship) . www.sportspromedia.com . 11 July 2013 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Important Vancouver Sun Run race information" (https://vancouversun.com/vancouver-sun-run/intraining-clinics/important-vancouver-sun-run-race-information) . 5 April 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Basketball Australia extends Alanic International Deal - Sports Business Insider" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160917202049/http://sportsbusinessinsider.com.au/news/basketball-australia-extends-alanic-international-deal/) . 16 July 2013. Archived from the original (http://sportsbusinessinsider.com.au/news/basketball-australia-extends-alanic-international-deal/) on 17 September 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "FAQs | Frequently Asked Questions | CNO Financial Indianapolis Monumental Marathon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160808171621/http://www.monumentalmarathon.com/faqs/#38) . www.monumentalmarathon.com . Archived from the original (http://www.monumentalmarathon.com/faqs/#38) on 8 August 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Alanic International and TriRock Triathlon Series Announce Partnership" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160916215946/http://trirock.competitor.com/2014/06/10/alanic-international-trirock-triathlon-series-announce-partnership/) . Tri Rock Series . 10 June 2014. Archived from the original (https://trirock.competitor.com/2014/06/10/alanic-international-trirock-triathlon-series-announce-partnership/) on 16 September 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Alanic International named Official Compression Partner of Basketball Australia | Basketball Australia" (http://www.basketball.net.au/alanic-international-named-official-compression-partner-of-basketball-australia/) . www.basketball.net.au . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Running USA Newsletter: U.S. Race Trends Released" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160819222146/http://myemail.constantcontact.com/Running-USA-Newsletter--U-S--Race-Trends-Released.html?soid=1102578408854&aid=Ghxs29OVT1w) . myemail.constantcontact.com . Archived from the original (http://myemail.constantcontact.com/Running-USA-Newsletter--U-S--Race-Trends-Released.html?soid=1102578408854&aid=Ghxs29OVT1w) on 19 August 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Registration open for Vancouver Sun Run 2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160827034250/http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2015/11/registration-open-vancouver-sun-run-2016/) . 2 November 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2015/11/registration-open-vancouver-sun-run-2016/) on 27 August 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Alanic and Beirut Marathon Announce New Partnership | Running USA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160810020527/http://www.runningusa.org/alanic-beirut-marathon-partnership) . www.runningusa.org . Archived from the original (http://www.runningusa.org/alanic-beirut-marathon-partnership) on 10 August 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) NRL. "Storm and Alanic continue partnership" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160812053803/https://www.melbournestorm.com.au/news/2013/04/16/storm-and-alanic-continue-partnership.html) . Archived from the original (https://www.melbournestorm.com.au/news/2013/04/16/storm-and-alanic-continue-partnership.html) on 12 August 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "RunnersWeb Athletics: Registration for The 2016 Vancouver Sun Run opens today" (http://www.runnersweb.com/running/news_2015/rw_news_20151102_Vancouver_Sun_Run.html) . www.runnersweb.com . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Alanic Activewear Partners with America's Sweetest Race, Hot Chocolate 15K/5K | Running USA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161128195413/http://www.runningusa.org/alanic-hot-chocolate-partnership) . www.runningusa.org . Archived from the original (http://www.runningusa.org/alanic-hot-chocolate-partnership) on 28 November 2016 . Retrieved 28 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Tough Mudder Announces Alanic as Official Apparel Partner | Mud Run, OCR, Obstacle Course Race & Ninja Warrior Guide" (http://www.mudrunguide.com/2018/10/tough-mudder-announces-alanic-as-official-apparel-partner/) . Mud Run, OCR, Obstacle Course Race & Ninja Warrior Guide . 10 October 2018 . Retrieved 27 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "All About The Pretty Mermaidcore Trend" (https://www.alanic.clothing/all-about-the-pretty-mermaidcore-trend/) . Alanic . 22 June 2024 . Retrieved 22 June 2024 . 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Kazakhstani journalist Roman Aleksandrov Born ( 1976-10-19 ) 19 October 1976 (age 47) Petropavl (/wiki/Petropavl) , Kazakh SSR (/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) , Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) Nationality Russian Citizenship Kazakhstan (/wiki/Kazakhstan) Education North Kazakhstan State University (/wiki/North_Kazakhstan_State_University) Occupation(s) Magazine editor, fashion journalist, television personality, radio personality, television host, radio host, television producer, event promoter, master of ceremonies, public relations specialist Years active 2003–present Roman Aleksandrov (born October 19, 1976) is a Kazakhstan journalist, editor, television (/wiki/Television_personality) and radio personality (/wiki/Radio_personality) , television and radio host, television producer (/wiki/Television_producer) , event promoter (/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)) , master of ceremonies (/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies) , public relations specialist (/wiki/Public_relations) , events and communications manager. He is a member of Club of Kazakhstan PR Professionals PR-шы [1] (#cite_note-1) and a former editor-in-chief of Fashion Collection (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Collection) magazine Kazakhstan edition (2010-2015). Aleksandrov was acknowledged as one of the most influential people in Kazakhstan fashion and fashion media (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Roman Aleksandrov was born in 1976 to Aleksander Aleksandrov, music theory professor who trained Ruslan Butabayev, leader of the popular Kazakhstan orchestra Zaratushtra Band , and a music teacher. In 2007 Aleksandrov earned a degree in journalism from Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan State University (/wiki/North_Kazakhstan_State_University) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Roman Aleksandrov established himself in television by serving as news editor on North Kazakhstan bureau of Kazakhstan (channel) (/wiki/Kazakhstan_(channel)) state broadcast television network. In 2003 he moved to Almaty (/wiki/Almaty) and continued his work as a reporter of the flagship evening television news program (/wiki/News_broadcasting#Television) Informbureau (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0)) » on Kazakhstan Channel 31 (/wiki/Channel_31_(Kazakhstan)) . In March 2004 Roman Aleksandrov was hired in Alma Media , Dariga Nazarbayeva (/wiki/Dariga_Nazarbayeva) 's mass media (/wiki/Mass_media) holding company (/wiki/Holding_company) . There he was combined duties of a reporter and culture and socialite editor of Evening News on KTK channel (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTK_(Fernsehsender)) and Channel One Eurasia (/wiki/Perviy_Kanal_Evraziya) . In December Aleksandrov became the chief-editor and host of Show Boom , a daily entertainment newscast (/wiki/Infotainment) on KTK primarily reporting on celebrity news and gossip, along with social life reviews and some news about the entertainment industry in general. [5] (#cite_note-5) Soon Aleksandrov was confirmed as an official person on KTK channel while his fame and popularity increased dramatically. Having analysed the high ratings Show Boom project had enjoyed heads of HiT TV (/wiki/HiT_TV) music television channel invited Roman Aleksandrov in 2008 to executive produce its two flagship shows – Change On Demand , a makeover reality television series and In The Highlight , a television tabloid program about social life, fashion and celebrities. Aleksandrov eventually accepted and occupied multiple positions there – producer, chief-editor and anchor. Radio [ edit ] Simultaneously with television activity Roman Aleksandrov was involved in radio programs production. Since 2005 to 2010 he wrote and hosted Fashion FM program on Kazakhstan radio Energy 102.2 FM. Magazines [ edit ] In 2004 Roman Aleksandrov joined the first editorial team of Kazakhstan edition of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) women's fashion magazine under Maria Podgorbunskaya (/wiki/Maria_Podgorbunskaya) 's editorship and was assigned as the first culture and socialite editor. Since 2005 to 2007 Aleksandrov regularly published his columns in Kazakhstan weekly newspaper GazetaKZ . In 2006 Aleksandrov contributed to Vintage , Kazakhstan fashion magazine serving as fashion editor. In September 2010 Roman Aleksandrov took over Kazakhstan edition of Fashion Collection Russian fashion magazine. [6] (#cite_note-6) Once in charge of Fashion Collection Kazakhstan Aleksandrov introduced the new concept of social events — fashion brunches. [7] (#cite_note-7) On behalf of the magazine he presided in the jury of designers' contests and appeared on other important events. [8] (#cite_note-8) Five years later, in 2015 году Aleksandrov came to decision to transfer to Vintage Kazakhstan fashion magazine. His new assignment drew everybody's attention in Kazakhstan media community. [9] (#cite_note-9) However, due to long creative disputes with Karashash Dzhuzeyeva (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0) , publisher and owner of Vintage magazine Roman Aleksandrov resigned leaving the magazine with a brand new concept, general style improvements and increase in high quality content. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "8th International PR Forum was held in Almaty on May 17–18" (http://prclub.kz/?p=665) . Club of Kazakhstan PR Professionals «PR-шы» (/w/index.php?title=Club_of_Kazakhstan_PR_Professionals_%C2%ABPR-%D1%88%D1%8B%C2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1) . 21 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Kazakhstan's Encyclopaedia of Style has been released in Almaty" (http://www.kursiv.kz/news/style/V-Almaty-proshla-prezentatciya-entciklopedii-stilya/) . Kursiv KZ (/w/index.php?title=Kursiv_KZ&action=edit&redlink=1) . 17 October 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The first book about fashion industry launched in Almaty" (http://www.artparovoz.com/i2328?_structure_id=9285) . «Artparovoz» News Service (/w/index.php?title=%C2%ABArtparovoz%C2%BB_News_Service&action=edit&redlink=1) . 18 October 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Thoughts aloud on the eve of Jubilee" (http://www.nkzu.kz/library/Library/pechat/p223.htm) . Academic Library of Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan State University (/w/index.php?title=Academic_Library_of_Manash_Kozybayev_North_Kazakhstan_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1) . 22 July 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashion designer Akkenzhe Devyatko from Oral, Kazakhstan and her haute couture collection caused a stir in Paris" (http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1184664480) . CentrAsia (/w/index.php?title=CentrAsia&action=edit&redlink=1) . 17 July 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Roman Aleksandrov — editor-in-chief of Fashion Collection talks about fashion as a business" (http://look.tm/heroes/7542-roman-aleksandrov-glavniy-redaktor-fashion-collection-o-mode-kak-o-biznese/) . LOOK (/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)) . 16 May 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Fashion Brunch with Fashion Collection editor-in-chief Roman Aleksandrov" (http://www.buro247.kz/events/photo-reports/modnyy-zavtrak-s-glavnym-redaktorom-fashion-collection-romanom-aleksandrovym.html) . Buro 24/7 (/wiki/Buro_24/7) . 15 March 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The final of #OpenWay, young designers' contest took place in Almaty" (http://kfw.kz/fashion/moda/final-konkursa-molodykh-dizaynerov-openway-proshel-v-almaty/?trk=profile_certification_title) . Kazakhstan Fashion Report (/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan_Fashion_Report&action=edit&redlink=1) . 16 October 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Roman Aleksandrov appointed editor-in-chief of Vintage magazine" (http://www.buro247.kz/media/news/roman-aleksandrov-naznachen-glavnym-redaktorom-zhurnala-vintage.html) . Buro 24/7 (/wiki/Buro_24/7) . 11 September 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Vintage magazine issues" (http://vintage.kz/m-archive) . Vintage . External links [ edit ] Fashion Collection editor-in-chief Roman Aleksandrov (http://facelook.kz/blog/103/) Roman Aleksandrov (https://www.facebook.com/roalexi) on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)) Roman Aleksandrov (https://www.instagram.com/ro_alexi/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Journalism (/wiki/Portal:Journalism) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6bfdd77f6c‐m6967 Cached time: 20240623172257 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.382 seconds Real time usage: 0.570 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2122/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21801/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2046/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39117/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.240/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6163581/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 537.600 1 -total 28.23% 151.755 1 Template:Infobox_person 28.10% 151.054 1 Template:Reflist 27.48% 147.708 1 Template:Short_description 24.15% 129.827 10 Template:Cite_web 14.24% 76.530 19 Template:Main_other 14.13% 75.988 2 Template:Pagetype 10.72% 57.654 1 Template:SDcat 8.04% 43.223 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.02% 37.735 1 Template:Portal_bar Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51593184-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623172257 and revision id 1210971189. 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Historical women's clothing style in China This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Zaju_chuishao_fu) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Zaju chuishao fu" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Zaju+chuishao+fu%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Zaju+chuishao+fu%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Zaju+chuishao+fu%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Zaju+chuishao+fu%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Zaju+chuishao+fu%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Zaju+chuishao+fu%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Zaju chuishao fu Female figures dressed in the Zaju chuishao fu along with cross hairstyle and golden headpiece, early Northern Wei period: guichang (left) and guipao (middle and right) Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 雜裾垂髾服 Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 杂裾垂髾服 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Zájūchuíshāofú Bopomofo (/wiki/Bopomofo) ㄗㄚˊ ㄐㄩ ㄔㄨㄟˊ ㄕㄠ ㄈㄨ Wade–Giles (/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles) tsa2-chü1 chʻui2-shao1 fu2 Guiyi Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 袿衣 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Guīyī Zaju chuishao fu ( traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 雜 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%9C) 裾 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%BE) 垂 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9E%82) 髾 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%BE) 服 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%8D) ; simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 杂裾垂髾服 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : zájū chuíshāo fú ), also called Guiyi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袿衣 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A2%BF%E8%A1%A3) ), [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) and sometimes referred as " Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing " or " swallow tail " clothing for short in English, [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) is a form of set of attire in hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) which was worn by Chinese women. The zaju chuishao fu can be traced back to the pre-Han period and appears to have originated the sandi (/wiki/Diyi) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 三翟 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BF%9F) ) of the Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) ; [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) it then became popular during the Han (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Cao Wei (/wiki/Ts%27ao_Wei) , Jin (/wiki/Chin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)) and Northern and Southern (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) dynasties. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) It was a common form of aristocratic costumes in the Han and Wei dynasties [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) and was also a style of formal attire for elite women. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) The zaju chuishao fu can be further divided into two categories of clothing style based on its cut and construction: the guipao , and the guichang (or guishu ). [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The guipao falls in the category of paofu (/wiki/Paofu) (long robe (/wiki/Robe) ); [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) however, some Chinese scholars also classify it as being a type of shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) . [6] (#cite_note-:6-6) : 62 On the other hand, the guichang follows yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) (or ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) ) system consisting of a ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , an upper garment, and a qun (/wiki/Qun) , a long skirt (/wiki/Skirt) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The zaju chuishao fu was multi-layered and was decorated with an apron-like decorative cloth at the waist with triangular-strips at the bottom and with pieces of ribbons worn underneath the apron which would hung down from the waist. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) The popularity of ribbons later fell and the decorative hems were eventually enlarged. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) This form of attire also spread to Goguryeo (/wiki/Goguryeo) , where it is depicted in the tomb murals found in the Anak Tomb No.3 (/wiki/Anak_Tomb_No._3) . Terminology [ edit ] The Chinese character gui 《 袿 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A2%BF) 》in the term guiyi ( 袿衣 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A2%BF%E8%A1%A3) ) refers to the shape of its hanging part which is broad at the top region but becomes narrow at the bottom making it look like a daogui , an ancient measuring tool for Chinese medicine (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine) , in appearance. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 38 History [ edit ] The term guiyi was recorded prior to the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) in the Ode to Goddess written by Song Yu (/wiki/Song_Yu) , a Chinese poet from the late Warring States period (/wiki/Warring_States_period) , which demonstrates that the zaju chuishao fu originated earlier than the Han dynasty. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The guipao , which is a form of paofu (/wiki/Paofu) in the broad sense, appears to have originated from one of the Queen's ceremonial clothing dating from the Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) called sandi (/wiki/Diyi) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 三翟 ). [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) According to some Chinese scholars, the attire called guiyi in the Han dynasty was in the style of the quju shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi#Qujupao-style) . [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 38 However, according In the Han and Wei period, the guipao was one of the common aristocratic costumes. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Han dynasty [ edit ] The type of guiyi , which was worn in the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , was in the form of a guipao . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) In the Han dynasty, the silk decorations were cut into the shapes of arch; these originated from the sandi (/wiki/Diyi) recorded in the Rites of Zhou (/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The guipao was popular in the Han dynasty, but its popularity started to fade in the late Eastern Han dynasty. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The guiyi which follows the ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) system also appeared in the Han dynasty, where it was called guichang or guishu . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties [ edit ] Woman wearing guiyi , Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties On the whole, the costumes of the Wei (/wiki/Ts%27ao_Wei) and Jin (/wiki/Chin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)) period still followed the patterns of Qin (/wiki/Ch%27in_dynasty) and Han (/wiki/Han_dynasty) dynasties. However, the clothing of women in this period were generally large and loose. The carefree lifestyle brought about the development of women's garments in the direction of extravagant and ornate beauty. [7] (#cite_note-EaJ-7) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) This carefree lifestyle, which was reflected in the garment and apparel of the people living in this period, can be explained by the historical circumstances which impacted the mood of the people: during the Northern and Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) was a period of volatility, the barbarians invaded Central Plain (/wiki/Central_Plain_(China)) , thus, various wars and battles occurred. The once dominant laws and orders collapsed, so did the once unchallenged power of Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) . [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) At the meantime, the philosophy of Laozi (/wiki/Lao-tz%C5%AD) and Zhuangzi (/wiki/Chuang-tz%C5%AD) became popular. Buddhist scriptures (/wiki/Buddhist_scriptures) were translated, Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) was developed, and Humanitarian (/wiki/Humanitarian) ideology emerged among the aristocrats. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) However, all these posed a threat to the conservative and imperial power, which tried to crush them by force. These policies forced these scholars to seek comfort and relief in life. [7] (#cite_note-EaJ-7) They were interested in various kinds of philosophy (/wiki/Chinese_philosophy) and studied a lot of the " mysterious learning (/wiki/Xuanxue) ". They preferred a life of truth and freedom. They dressed themselves in free and casual elegance. Female figure dressing in guiyi , from a lacquer painting, 5th century. A lady wearing guipao , from a Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) copy of the original painting Wise and Benevolent Women by Gu Kaizhi (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi) The zaju chuishao fu (or guiyi ), which was worn in the Wei, Jin, Northern, and Southern dynasties, was quite different from the style worn in the Han dynasty. [6] (#cite_note-:6-6) : 62 [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 It had evolved from the one-piece long robe, either from the paofu (/wiki/Paofu) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) or the shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) [6] (#cite_note-:6-6) : 62 worn in the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , and had wide sleeves. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The guiyi are depicted with in the paintings of Gu Kaizhi (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi) . [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The guichang eventually became more popular than the guipao during this period as the set of attire ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) itself had become more popular. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The guiyi also evolved in terms of shape in the Northern and Southern dynasties when the long ribbons were no longer seen and the swallow-tailed corner became bigger; as a result the flying ribbons and the swallow-tailed corners were combined into one. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 These changes can be found in the paintings Wise and Benevolent Women (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi#Wise_and_Benevolent_Women_(列女仁智圖)) and Nymph of the Luo River (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi#Nymph_of_the_Luo_River_(洛神賦)) by Gu Kaizhi (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi) , as well as the lacquered paintings unearthed from the Sima Jinlong (/wiki/Sima_Jinlong) tomb in Datong and the Goguryeo tomb murals from the Anak Tomb No. 3 (/wiki/Anak_Tomb_No._3) . [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 [6] (#cite_note-:6-6) : 62 Construction and Formation [ edit ] See also: Hanfu Accessories (/wiki/Hanfu_Accessories) Typically the guiyi was decorated with "xian" ( 襳 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%B3) ) and "shao" ( 髾 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%BE) ). [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 The Shao refers to pieces of silk cloth sewn onto the lower hem of the dress, which were wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, so that triangles were formed overlapping each other. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 "Xian" refers to some relatively long, silk ribbons which extended from the short-cut skirt. [8] (#cite_note-ECC-8) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) While the wearer was walking, these lengthy ribbons made the sharp corners and the lower hem wave like a flying swallow, hence the Chinese phrase "beautiful ribbons and flying swallowtail" ( 華 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF) 帶 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B6) 飛 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B) 髾 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%BE) ). [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 There are also two types of guiyi . The guiyi which follows the 'one-piece system' is called guipao while the other form of guiyi , guichang (or guishu ), follows the 'separate system', consisting of ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) which is a set of attire composed of a ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , an upper garment, and a qun (/wiki/Qun) as a long skirt. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Modern pictorial reconstruction of Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing as in Wise and Benevolent Women . Modern pictorial reconstruction of guipao as in the lacquer painting Virtuous Women of Ancient China . The change in the shape and structure of the guiyi reflects the historical trend of the fading popularity of guipao in the late Eastern Han and the increase popularity of the guichang (or guishu ) which eventually became the mainstream style in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) In the guichang , the upper garment was opened at the front and was tied at the waist. The sleeves were broad and fringed at the cuffs with decorative borders of a different colour. The skirt had spaced coloured stripes and was tied with a white silk band at the waist. There was also an apron between the upper garment and skirt for the purpose of fastening the waist. Apart from wearing a multi-coloured skirt, women also wore other kinds such as the crimson gauze-covered skirt, the red-blue striped gauze double skirt, and the barrel-shaped red gauze skirt. Many of these styles are mentioned in historical records. [8] (#cite_note-ECC-8) Wide sleeves and long robes, flying ribbons and floating skirts, elegant and majestic hair ornaments, [7] (#cite_note-EaJ-7) all these became the fashion style of Wei and Jin female appearance. During the Northern and Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) , the guiyi underwent further changes in style. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 The long flying ribbons were no longer seen and the swallow-tailed corners became enlarged; as a result, the flying ribbons and swallow-tailed corners were combined into one. [9] (#cite_note-9) [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) : 62–64 Influences and derivatives [ edit ] Goguryeo [ edit ] Wife of tomb owner wearing guiyi, Anak Tomb No. 3. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) Depictions of women wearing guiyi can also be found in Goguryeo tomb murals, as found in the Anak Tomb No.3 (/wiki/Anak_Tomb_No._3) . [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) The wife of the tomb owner of Anak Tomb No.3 dresses in Chinese guiyi , [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) which may indicate the clothing style worn in the Six dynasties (/wiki/Six_Dynasties) . [11] (#cite_note-Archived_copy-11) The tomb belongs to a male refugee called Dong Shou (died in 357 AD) who fled from Liaotong to Goguryeo according to Chinese scholar Yeh Pai, a conclusion which is also accepted in the formal Korean report issued in 1958 although some Korean scholars believe the tomb to belong to King Mi-chon. [12] (#cite_note-12) Gallery [ edit ] Mogao (/wiki/Mogao_Caves) fresco of a woman dressing in Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing, Western Wei dynasty (/wiki/Western_Wei_dynasty) (535–557) Virtuous women of ancient Cathay (China), lacquer painting (/wiki/Lacquer_painting) Women dressing in Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing, a lacquer painting over a four-panel wooden folding screen, 5th century Consort Ban (/wiki/Consort_Ban) and Emperor Cheng of Han (/wiki/Emperor_Cheng_of_Han) , Consort Pan wearing a Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing Female figures dressing in Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing, 5th century The virtuous women in Cathayan (Chinese) history, 5th century Admonitions of the Court Instructress (/wiki/Admonitions_of_the_Court_Instructress) (detail) by Gu Kaizhi (/wiki/Gu_Kaizhi) Admonitions of the Court Instructress (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Admonitions of the Court Instructress (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Admonitions of the Court Instructress (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Nymph of the Lo River (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Nymph of the Lo River (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Nymph of the Lo River (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Nymph of the Lo River (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Nymph of the Lo River (detail) by Gu Kaizhi Modern pictorial reconstruction of Swallow-tailed Hems and Flying Ribbons clothing as in Admonitions of the Court Instructress and Nymph of the Lo River See also [ edit ] Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Hanfu accessories (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h 周方; 卞向阳 (June 2018). "罗袿徐转红袖扬 ——关于古代袿衣的几个问题 [Abstract]" (https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=sichou201806016) . 丝绸 . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1001-7003 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1001-7003) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Xun Zhou; Chunming Gao (1987). 5000 years of Chinese costumes . San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Howard, Michael C. (2016). Textiles and clothing of Viet Nam : a history . Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 52. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4766-6332-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 933520702 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/933520702) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Bian, Xiang Yang; Zhou, Fang (2018). "A Study on the Origin and Evolution of Shape and Structure of 'Gui-Yi' in Ancient China" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326658921) . Researchgate . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Hua, Mei; 华梅 (2004). Chinese clothing . 于红. Beijing: China International Press. pp. 12–14. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 7-5085-0612-X . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 61214922 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61214922) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Zhou, Xun; Gao, Chunming; Zhou. Zhongguo fu shi wu qian nian 中國服飾五千年 [ 5000 years of Chinese costumes ] (in Chinese). Hongkong: 商務印書館香港分館 學林出版社. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 973669827 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/973669827) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "The elegant Wei and Jin Period" (http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/15750/item/769422/#a_reply) . ^ Jump up to: a b Duong, Nancy (2013). "Evolution of Chinese Clothing and Cheongsam" (https://nannaia.tumblr.com/post/42640184651/evolution-of-chinese-clothing-and-cheongsam-the) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Evolution of Chinese Clothing and Cheongsam/Qipao" (http://lilsuika.deviantart.com/art/Evolution-of-Chinese-Clothing-and-Cheongsam-Qipao-353219884) . 2013. ^ Jump up to: a b Chung, Young Yang (2005). Silken threads : a history of embroidery in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam . New York: H.N. Abrams. p. 294. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8109-4330-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55019211 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55019211) . ^ (#cite_ref-Archived_copy_11-0) Lee, Junghee. "The Evolution of Koguryo Tomb Murals" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110719081913/http://eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP?PK=0000594065&danrak_no=&clss_cd=&top_menu_cd=0000000808) . eng.buddhapia.com . Archived from the original (http://eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP?PK%3D0000594065%26danrak_no%3D%26clss_cd%3D%26top_menu_cd%3D0000000808) on 2011-07-19 . Retrieved 2011-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) John Whitney Hall, ed. (1988–1999). The Cambridge history of Japan . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 300. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-521-22352-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 17483588 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17483588) . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Braccae (/wiki/Braccae) Breeches (/wiki/Breeches) Sompot Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Culottes (/wiki/Culottes) Harem (/wiki/Harem_pants) Knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Saragüells (/w/index.php?title=Sarag%C3%BCells&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ca (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarag%C3%BCells) ] Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) Hobble (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) Poodle (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) Safeguard (/wiki/Safeguard_(costume)) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) Close-bodied gown (/wiki/Close-bodied_gown) Debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) Mantua (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Polonaise (/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing)) Robe de cour (/wiki/Robe_de_cour) Sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_dress) Tea gown (/wiki/Tea_gown) Zaju chuishao fu Outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Capote (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Caraco (/wiki/Caraco) Cardinal cloak (/wiki/Cardinal_cloak) Chamail (/wiki/Chamail_(clothing)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Kinsale cloak (/wiki/Kinsale_cloak) Dolman (/wiki/Dolman) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Exomis (/wiki/Exomis) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) Inverness cape (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) Kandys (/wiki/Kandys) Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Nadiri (/wiki/Nadiri) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) Overfrock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Palla (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) Pallium (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Kullu (/wiki/Kullu_shawl) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)) Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) Surtout (/wiki/Surtout) Ulster coat (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Visite (/wiki/Visite) Witzchoura (/wiki/Witzchoura) Underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Dickey (/wiki/Dickey_(garment)) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Open drawers (/wiki/Open_drawers) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Ba tầm (/wiki/Ba_t%E1%BA%A7m) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Blessed hat (/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gable hood (/wiki/Gable_hood) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Llawt'u (/wiki/Llawt%27u) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Matron's badge (/wiki/Matron%27s_badge) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Motoring hood (/wiki/Motoring_hood) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_Cap) Nemes (/wiki/Nemes) Nightcap (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Tainia (/wiki/Tainia_(costume)) Taranga (/wiki/Taranga_(clothing)) Welsh Wig (/wiki/Welsh_Wig) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbills (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) Hessian (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Manchu platform shoes (/wiki/Manchu_platform_shoes) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) Belt hook (/wiki/Belt_hook) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Cravat (early) (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) Jabot (/wiki/Jabot_(neckwear)) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Oes (/wiki/Oes) Partlet (/wiki/Partlet) Perfumed gloves (/wiki/Perfumed_gloves) Ruff (/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Visard (/wiki/Visard) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : China (/wiki/Portal:China) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐hc665 Cached time: 20240719214159 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.877 seconds Real time usage: 1.352 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6428/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 152572/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1725/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 104551/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.517/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17078474/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 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This is a list of sock manufacturers . This is a dynamic list (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists) and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items (/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_sock_manufacturers) with reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Blacksocks (/wiki/Blacksocks) Bombas (/wiki/Bombas) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Corgi Socks (/wiki/Corgi_Socks) Darn Tough Vermont (/wiki/Darn_Tough_Vermont) Fox River Mills (/wiki/Fox_River_Mills) [1] (#cite_note-1) Gold Toe Brands (/wiki/Gold_Toe_Brands) [2] (#cite_note-2) Hanesbrands (/wiki/Hanesbrands) Happy Socks (/wiki/Happy_Socks) Holeproof Hosiery (/wiki/Holeproof_Hosiery) Jockey International (/wiki/Jockey_International) PEDS Legwear (/wiki/PEDS_Legwear) QT Inc. (/wiki/QT_Inc.) Renfro Brands (/wiki/Renco_Group) SmartWool (/wiki/SmartWool) Sock Shop (/wiki/Sock_Shop) Stance (/wiki/Stance_(brand)) [3] (#cite_note-3) Swiss Barefoot Company (/wiki/Swiss_Barefoot_Company) Tabio (/wiki/Tabio_(company)) The Railroad Sock (/wiki/The_Railroad_Sock) Wigwam Mills (/wiki/Wigwam_Mills) [4] (#cite_note-4) See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of fashion designers (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers) List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) List of swimwear brands (/wiki/List_of_swimwear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fox River Mills sees anti-bacterial socks" (https://www.qconline.com/news/iowa/fox-river-mills-sees-anti-bacterial-socks/article_e328356a-f767-53dd-9851-8425399adb64.html) . 27 September 1999 . Retrieved 29 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kosman, Josh (20 February 2010). "Blackstone looks to sell ailing Gold Toe socks" (https://nypost.com/2010/02/20/blackstone-looks-to-sell-ailing-gold-toe-socks/) . Retrieved 29 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) https://www.gq.com.au/style/trends/best-mens-socks/image-gallery/f97a01d745a8b3dc60fc27b67460deb5 (https://www.gq.com.au/style/trends/best-mens-socks/image-gallery/f97a01d745a8b3dc60fc27b67460deb5) [ bare URL ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "CHUCK STINNETT: Sock it to me all day long (if they're made in America)" (http://archive.courierpress.com/news/chuck-stinnett-sock-it-to-me-all-day-long--if-theyre-made-in-america-ep-443300957-324886881.html) . Retrieved 29 September 2016 . v t e Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Lower leg Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Bootee (/wiki/Bootee) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Leg warmer (/wiki/Leg_warmer) Loose socks (/wiki/Loose_socks) Socks (/wiki/Sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_socks) Crew sock (/wiki/Crew_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_socks) Anklet (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Low cut (/wiki/Low_cut_sock) Full leg Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Legskin (/wiki/Legskin) Fully fashioned stockings (/wiki/Fully_fashioned_stockings) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) RHT stockings (/wiki/RHT_stockings) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Full body Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Historical Boothose (/wiki/Boothose) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Brands Aristoc (/wiki/Aristoc) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Calzedonia (/wiki/Calzedonia) Edoo (/wiki/Hanesbrands) Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) Gerbe (/wiki/Gerbe_(lingerie)) Gunze (/wiki/Gunze) Hanes (/wiki/Hanes) HUE (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Coopers (/wiki/Jockey_International) L'eggs (/wiki/L%27eggs) Levante (/wiki/Levante_(hosiery)) Lululemon Athletica (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) No Nonsense (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Pretty Polly (/wiki/Pretty_Polly_(hosiery)) Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Wigwam (/wiki/Wigwam_Mills) Wolford (/wiki/Wolford) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood 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Italian women's fashion brand Pinko Pinko store on Brompton Road (/wiki/Brompton_Road) , London. Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1986 ; 38 years ago ( 1986 ) Fidenza (/wiki/Fidenza) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Founder Pietro Negra and Cristina Rubini Headquarters Fidenza (/wiki/Fidenza) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Area served Worldwide Products Women’s ready-to-wear, accessories, Fashion Jewelry, Leather goods, shoes Website www.pinko.com (http://www.pinko.com) Pinko is an Italian women's fashion brand. It was founded in the early 1980s by Pietro Negra, the current CEO, and his wife Cristina Rubini. [1] (#cite_note-La_Stampa-1) As of 2016, they have over 500 retail outlets worldwide. [2] (#cite_note-2) Designers who have created collections for Pinko include Mark Fast, Alessandra Facchinetti (/wiki/Alessandra_Facchinetti) , and Marina Spadafora. [1] (#cite_note-La_Stampa-1) Pietro Negra's daughters, Cecilia and Caterina, work for Pinko. [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) References [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) ^ Jump up to: a b Maria Corbi (26 September 2011). "La moda senza stagioni dei signori Pinko pallino" (http://www.lastampa.it/2011/09/26/societa/moda/la-moda-senza-stagionidei-signori-pinko-pallino-HtvtYshsvYA2RAgcNqGANJ/pagina.html) . La Stampa (/wiki/La_Stampa) . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Negozi" (http://www.pinko.com/en-gb/cms/index/stores) . Pinko . Retrieved 2016-10-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Laura Asnaghi (24 September 2012). "Pinko, la fabbrica come un campus "Talento e innovazione, così si vince" (http://www.repubblica.it/economia/affari-e-finanza/2012/09/24/news/pinko_la_fabbrica_come_un_campus_talento_e_innovazione_cos_si_vince-43137743/) " (http://www.repubblica.it/economia/affari-e-finanza/2012/09/24/news/pinko_la_fabbrica_come_un_campus_talento_e_innovazione_cos_si_vince-43137743/) . La Repubblica (/wiki/La_Repubblica) . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.pinko.com/en-gb) Media related to Pinko (fashion) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinko_(fashion)) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐rh8cp Cached time: 20240719053421 Cache expiry: 1103140 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.236 seconds Real time usage: 0.348 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1589/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17315/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1587/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14722/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.140/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4665184/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 309.333 1 -total 34.06% 105.361 1 Template:Reflist 28.72% 88.844 2 Template:Cite_news 28.11% 86.949 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.91% 77.059 1 Template:Infobox 21.69% 67.091 1 Template:Short_description 11.13% 34.426 2 Template:Pagetype 8.37% 25.904 1 Template:Portal 7.41% 22.917 7 Template:Main_other 6.18% 19.132 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51987745-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719053421 and revision id 1208145758. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinko_(fashion)&oldid=1208145758 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinko_(fashion)&oldid=1208145758) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies established in 1986 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1986) Italian companies established in 1986 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1986) Companies based in the Province of Parma (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_the_Province_of_Parma) Clothing brands of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy) Italian suit makers (/wiki/Category:Italian_suit_makers) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Shoe companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_Italy) Fashion accessory brands (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessory_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Star of Burma 1935 Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) advertisement for the Star of Burma ruby Type of stone Ruby Weight 83 carats (16.6 g) Color (/wiki/Diamond_color) Pigeon blood Cut (/wiki/Diamond_cut) Cabochon (/wiki/Cabochon) Country of origin Burma (/wiki/Burma) Owner Trabert & Hoeffer-Mauboussin The Star of Burma is an 83-carat (16.6 g) cabochon (/wiki/Cabochon) -cut star (/wiki/Asterism_(gemology)) ruby (/wiki/Ruby) . In 1935, the Burmese (/wiki/Myanmar) ruby was purchased by Howard Hoeffer of jeweler Trabert & Hoeffer- Mauboussin (/wiki/Mauboussin) , whereupon it was used in several Hollywood films in the 1930s, including the musical comedy Vogues of 1938 (/wiki/Vogues_of_1938) . Trabert & Hoeffer-Mauboussin sold the jewel on September 14, 2004. Description [ edit ] The 83-carat Star of Burma is a cabochon (/wiki/Cabochon) -cut star (/wiki/Asterism_(gemology)) ruby (/wiki/Ruby) [1] (#cite_note-Rapaport-1) [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 14 with a pigeon-blood color. [3] (#cite_note-HollywoodJewels-3) The color, common to Burmese rubies, is among the most coveted of ruby colors. [4] (#cite_note-NYT-4) [5] (#cite_note-Verve-5) The jewel's setting (/wiki/Stonesetting) was never signed. An advertisement for the jeweler in the 1935 issue of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 16 depicted the ruby as mounted in a platinum pendant or brooch (/wiki/Brooch) , surrounded by diamonds, and described that "in all the world there is not another like it". [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 15 History [ edit ] The ruby came from a mine in Burma, present-day Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar) . [3] (#cite_note-HollywoodJewels-3) At the time, Burmese rubies were considered the finest in the world. [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 15 Trabert & Hoeffer had formed a working partnership with the French jeweler Mauboussin (/wiki/Mauboussin) from 1935 to 1953; [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 9 this partnership allowed Trabert & Hoeffer access to European jewels. Around this time, the Netherlands' House of Orange-Nassau (/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau) quietly sold numerous gems to jewelers including Trabert & Hoeffer-Mauboussin, [3] (#cite_note-HollywoodJewels-3) : 83 including the Star of Burma, to Howard Hoeffer of Trabert & Hoeffer-Mauboussin in 1935. [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 14 At a diamond fashion show and preview of the film Rhodes of Africa (/wiki/Rhodes_of_Africa) in 1936, Mary Lewis wore the Star of Burma set in a necklace's pendant, which also contained 6,000 diamonds and 150 rubies. [6] (#cite_note-Rhodes1-6) [7] (#cite_note-Rhodes2-7) The 1937 film Vogues of 1938 showcased costumes using name brands, including clothes by Omar Kiam (/wiki/Omar_Kiam) , designer furs by Jaeckel (/wiki/Gunther_Jaeckel) , shoes by I. Miller & Sons, handbags and hats by John Fredericks and Sally Victor (/wiki/Sally_Victor) , and jewels by Trabert & Hoeffer-Mauboussin. [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 44 [3] (#cite_note-HollywoodJewels-3) The title sequence was of Joan Bennett (/wiki/Joan_Bennett) 's gloved hand wearing a diamond and platinum bracelet with the Star of Burma, pulling open curtains to reveal the opening credits. [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 15 [3] (#cite_note-HollywoodJewels-3) [8] (#cite_note-Bernstein-8) The gem was also worn in the 1937 film Hollywood Hotel (/wiki/Hollywood_Hotel_(film)) , and as a pendant from a ruby and diamond necklace by Tamara Geva (/wiki/Tamara_Geva) in the 1937 film Manhattan Merry-Go-Round (/wiki/Manhattan_Merry-Go-Round_(film)) . [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 15 The Jewels of Trabert & Hoeffer-Mauboussin , published in 2014, describes that the jeweler's most valuable gems, including the Star of Burma, were lent and sometimes sold after Howard Hoeffer established stores in resort communities in the late 1930s. [2] (#cite_note-JewelsTHM-2) : 26, 103 The jewel was sold at fine art and jewelry auctioneer Doyle New York (/wiki/Doyle_New_York) , at a September 14, 2004 auction, where the jewel was the primary highlight of the event. [9] (#cite_note-Doyle-9) See also [ edit ] Arts portal (/wiki/Portal:Arts) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Film portal (/wiki/Portal:Film) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) 1930–45 in Western fashion (/wiki/1930%E2%80%9345_in_Western_fashion) Cinema of the United States (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Rapaport_1-0) Schiller, Phyllis (October 2012). "Reflections of Brilliance" (http://www.diamonds.net/Magazine/Article.aspx?ArticleID=41242&RDRIssueID=96) . Rapaport Magazine . Retrieved October 9, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Markowitz, Yvonne J. (2014). The Jewels of Trabert & Hoeffer-Mauboussin . Boston, Massachusetts (/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts) : MFA Publications, Museum of Fine Arts (/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-87846-811-9 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2013957243 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2013957243) . Retrieved October 9, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Proddow, Penny; Healy, Debra; Fasel, Marion (1996). Hollywood Jewels: Movies, Jewelry, Stars . Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 87. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8109-8145-9 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 92007769 (https://lccn.loc.gov/92007769) . Retrieved October 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-NYT_4-0) Gomelsky, Victoria (March 17, 2015). "Rubies, Blood-Red Beauty" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/18/style/international/in-jewelry-rubies-offer-blood-red-beauty.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . Retrieved October 19, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Verve_5-0) Vaz, Wyanet (September 21, 2016). "Ethical Mining: The Untold Story of African Rubies" (http://www.vervemagazine.in/travel-and-spaces/ethical-mining-rubies-in-mozambique-africa) . Verve (/wiki/Verve_(Indian_magazine)) . Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) . Retrieved October 19, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rhodes1_6-0) "Precious Gems Shown at "Rhodes" Preview" (http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252011%2FNew%2520York%2520Evening%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201936%2520Grayscale%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201936%2520Grayscale%2520-%25201275.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F14341858e5267f17672f4873ba6ddfc1#page=1) . New York Post (/wiki/New_York_Post) . February 24, 1936 . Retrieved October 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rhodes2_7-0) "Promenade of Gems" (http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252011%2FNew%2520York%2520Evening%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201936%2520Grayscale%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Post%25201936%2520Grayscale%2520-%25201087.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F4dfa3418a817a53d2ba836bca99d8cc0#page=1) . New York Post . February 25, 1936 . Retrieved October 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bernstein_8-0) Bernstein, Beth (January 14, 2016). "Passion and Desire: The Romance of Rubies" (https://www.worthy.com/blog/fashion-focus/antique-inspiration/passion-desire-romance-rubies/) . Worthy Living . Retrieved October 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Doyle_9-0) "Important Estate Jewelry". Doyle New York Auction Preview, Fall 2004 . New York City: Doyle New York (/wiki/Doyle_New_York) : 1. September 2004. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_of_Burma&oldid=1100023761 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_of_Burma&oldid=1100023761) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1930s fashion (/wiki/Category:1930s_fashion) History of Hollywood, Los Angeles (/wiki/Category:History_of_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) Individual rubies (/wiki/Category:Individual_rubies)
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Hair that does not align with the surrounding hair Silent film star Mary Pickford (/wiki/Mary_Pickford) in 1919 Frizz is hair (/wiki/Hair) that does not align with the surrounding hair, but stands up or curls independently, creating a fuzzy or irregular texture. The three main causes of frizz are genetics, hair damage, and humidity. Frizzy hair can be seen as a positive or a negative trait depending on the current fashion and one's personal preference. Many hair products, such as gels (/wiki/Hair_gel) , pomades (/wiki/Pomade) , and hair waxes (/wiki/Hair_wax) , are designed to reduce frizz. Definition [ edit ] There is more than one definition of frizz (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frizz) . Researchers who studied the perception of hair health found that while women around the world perceived the absence of frizz as a sign of healthy hair, how they described "frizz" varied widely according to hair type and desired style. As described by women in the study, the two main types of frizz are: short strands sticking up at the part and throughout the hair length that "project away from the main body of hair"; this type is especially noticeable on women with straight hair (/wiki/Straight_hair) who are trying to achieve a smooth style; and strands of wavy or curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) that do not align with others to form a defined wave or curl. [1] (#cite_note-marsh40-1) By this definition, frizz is not exclusively a characteristic of curly hair; straight hair can be frizzy, and tightly curled or afro-textured (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) hair can be frizz-free (/wiki/File:Curly_Girl_Method.jpg) . [2] (#cite_note-pattern-2) "Frizz" sometimes refers to curly hair in general, but that is not what most people understand the term to mean. [1] (#cite_note-marsh40-1) Causes [ edit ] According to cosmetic chemist Randy Schueller, the three main causes of frizz are genetics, damage, and humidity. [3] (#cite_note-schueller-3) Genetics [ edit ] Some wavy or curly hair naturally aligns or "clumps" in a clearly defined, consistent pattern, and some does not. Curly hair that does not have natural curl definition appears frizzy and is sometimes mistakenly characterized as damaged. [2] (#cite_note-pattern-2) [3] (#cite_note-schueller-3) Even when hair has a defined curl pattern, combing or brushing it when it is dry can break up the clumps, causing the hair to expand into a frizzy mass. This is often done intentionally to add volume. [4] (#cite_note-combing-4) [5] (#cite_note-rules-5) Blow-drying (/wiki/Blow_dryer) hair from the ends toward the roots can raise the hair's cuticle (/wiki/Cuticle_(hair)) , resulting in frizz. [6] (#cite_note-6) Damage [ edit ] Although all hair is technically "dead", hair that has been damaged is perceived as less "healthy" than undamaged hair. [7] (#cite_note-7) Some styling techniques can cause breakage, chipping of the hair cuticle, and other forms of damage which contribute to frizz. Excessive or rough brushing (/wiki/Hairbrush) can cause breakage. This results in frizz because the hair is stretched out of shape before it breaks, so that the shorter hair that remains tends to spring outward, away from the main body of hair. [3] (#cite_note-schueller-3) Backcombing (/wiki/Backcombing) can be damaging, [8] (#cite_note-8) as can combing curly hair when it is dry. [4] (#cite_note-combing-4) Excessive use of heat styling tools such as blow dryers and flatirons (/wiki/Hair_iron) can weaken the hair, making it susceptible to breakage and split ends (/wiki/Split_ends) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Recommendations for minimizing heat damage include using heat styling tools set on low, [10] (#cite_note-10) using a diffuser when blow drying, [5] (#cite_note-rules-5) and never using a curling iron or flat iron on wet hair. Direct heat can boil the water in the hair, causing bubbles to form inside the hair fiber, weakening the hair. [11] (#cite_note-11) Some authors recommend avoiding heat altogether, and allowing the hair to air-dry. [12] (#cite_note-12) Other common causes of hair damage include the use of relaxers (/wiki/Relaxers) and other harsh chemicals; [5] (#cite_note-rules-5) use of a razor to cut curly hair, which weakens the hair cuticle and promotes frizz; [13] (#cite_note-13) and harsh shampoos that strip the hair of its natural oils. [14] (#cite_note-blume512-14) Having some hairs that are shorter than others is not necessarily a sign of breakage. Hair naturally sheds as it reaches the end of its growth cycle, and a new hair grows in its place; the average lifespan is about six years. [15] (#cite_note-15) Humidity [ edit ] In a humid environment, moisture penetrates the hair shaft and is absorbed into the cortex (/wiki/Cortex_(hair)) , causing the proteins there to swell. Different kinds of proteins absorb moisture and swell differently, causing the hair shaft to twist and bend in an irregular pattern. To prevent this, Schueller recommends using conditioners and styling products that contain dimethicone (/wiki/Dimethicone) , which repels humidity. [3] (#cite_note-schueller-3) Although moisture causes frizz, which many women perceive as "unhealthy", many women also believe that moisture is good for their hair, and buy moisturizing hair products. In reality, these products are designed to smooth the surface of the hair rather than increase the hair's water content. [16] (#cite_note-16) Perception and treatment [ edit ] Young woman with frizzy hair. Frizzy hair has been perceived differently in different eras and cultures. Publicity photos of the silent film star Mary Pickford (/wiki/Mary_Pickford) were often backlit (/wiki/Backlighting_(lighting_design)) , highlighting her halo of frizz, and the frizzy perm (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) was a mainstay of 1980s Western fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_Western_fashion) . In the 1979 film My Brilliant Career (/wiki/My_Brilliant_Career_(film)) , when the frizzy-haired Sybylla threatens to cut off all her hair, her aunt Gussie replies, "It'd be a pity to lose your finest asset." [17] (#cite_note-17) Today, some people embrace their natural frizz, while others see it as a problem in need of a solution, and advertisements for hair products (/wiki/Hair_products) often present it as such. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Those looking for ways to reduce frizz encounter a great deal of conflicting information online and in the media. Products and treatments that work well for one person may not work for another due to factors such as curl pattern, hair density, hair porosity, the amount of sebum (/wiki/Sebum) produced, whether the individual strands are coarse or fine, protein (/wiki/Hair_protein) levels (which are affected by one's diet), allergies to certain ingredients, regional humidity levels, and finally, subjective ideals of beauty (/wiki/Physical_attractiveness) . Moreover, some of the methods used to smooth frizz can cause damage, making hair even more frizz-prone than before; for example, flatirons can burn the hair (see Damage, above), and some hair gels contain drying ingredients. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Some experts recommend the use of products containing silicones, [3] (#cite_note-schueller-3) [23] (#cite_note-23) while others warn that silicones can cause buildup. Myriad products such as serums, pomades, and hair waxes are designed to reduce frizz, and each has its advocates and detractors. Some relatively non-controversial recommendations for reducing frizz include regular use of instant, deep, and leave-in conditioners (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) ; [14] (#cite_note-blume512-14) [24] (#cite_note-24) occasional hot oil treatments; [25] (#cite_note-25) and regular trims to remove any split ends or damaged tips. [26] (#cite_note-26) See also [ edit ] Curly Girl Method (/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method) Hair gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) Hair mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) Hair straightening (/wiki/Hair_straightening) Hair wax (/wiki/Hair_wax) Natural hair movement (/wiki/Natural_hair_movement) Pomade (/wiki/Pomade) Split ends (/wiki/Trichoptilosis) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Marsh (2015), p. 40. ^ Jump up to: a b "7 Reasons You Can't Figure Out Your Curl Pattern" (http://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/home/7-reasons-you-cant-figure-out-your-curl-pattern/) . Naturally Curly . January 11, 2015. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Schueller, Randy (October 2006). "The top 3 causes of frizzy hair" (http://thebeautybrains.com/2006/10/the-top-3-causes-of-frizzy-hair/) . The Beauty Brains . ^ Jump up to: a b LaFlesh (2010), pp. 68–69. ^ Jump up to: a b c LaFlesh, Teri. "How to Take Care of Our Hair: The Rules" (http://www.tightlycurly.com/technique/therules/) . Tightly Curly . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Milady (2011), p. 466. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Marsh (2015), p. v. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Milady (2011), p. 542. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Marsh (2015), p. 64. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Milady (2011), pp. 64, 548. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Blume-Peytavi (2008), p. 290. ^ (#cite_ref-12) LaFlesh (2010), p. 113. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Milady (2011), p. 372. ^ Jump up to: a b Blume-Peytavi (2008), p. 512. ^ (#cite_ref-15) LaFlesh (2010), pp. 26–27. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Marsh (2015), p. 42. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "My Brilliant Career" (http://mreplay.com/transcript/my_brilliant_career/8670/IFCP/Tuesday_December_08_2009/134009/) . mReplay . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "19 Ways to Embrace Frizz This Summer" (http://www.allure.com/gallery/sexy-curly-hairstyles) . Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) . April 29, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Embracing the Frizz: How I Learned to Love My Crazy Hair" (http://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/news/a13919/frizzy-hair-benefits/) . Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . April 2, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "How to Embrace Your Frizzy Hair" (http://www.instyle.com/how-tos/how-embrace-your-frizzy-hair) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . April 30, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-21) LaFlesh (2010), p. 144. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "5 Natural, Effective and Alcohol-Free Hair Gels" (http://blackgirllonghair.com/2014/09/5-natural-effective-and-alcohol-free-hair-gels/) . Black Girl With Long Hair . September 6, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-23) LaFlesh (2010), p. 179. ^ (#cite_ref-24) LaFlesh (2010), pp. 183–188. ^ (#cite_ref-25) LaFlesh (2010), pp. 123–124. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Marsh (2015), p. 38. Bibliography [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frizz (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frizz) . Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Milady Standard Cosmetology . Cengage Learning (/wiki/Cengage_Learning) . 2011. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781439059302 . Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike; Whiting, David A.; Trüeb, Ralph M. (2008). Hair Growth and Disorders . Springer Publishing (/wiki/Springer_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783540469117 . LaFlesh, Teri (2010). Curly Like Me: How to Grow Your Hair Healthy, Long, and Strong . John Wiley & Sons (/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780470536421 . Marsh, Jennifer; Gray, John; Tosti, Antonella (2015). Healthy Hair . Springer Publishing (/wiki/Springer_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783319183862 . v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) 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Fashion Festival Not to be confused with Singapore Fashion Festival, which is now known as Asia Fashion Exchange (/wiki/Asia_Fashion_Exchange) . The Audi Fashion Festival Singapore (or Singapore Fashion Week ) is a series of annual fashion trade events held in Singapore since 1988. It was known as Fashion Connection between 1988 and 2000, Singapore Fashion Week between 2001 and 2008, and Audi Fashion Festival Singapore after gaining titular sponsorship from Audi (/wiki/Audi) in 2009. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) The event was again rebranded as Singapore Fashion Week in 2015 despite still being known as the 'Audi Fashion Festival Singapore'. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) The event is not to be confused with the Singapore Fashion Festival, which also ran between 2001 and 2008, but was supported by the Singapore Tourism Board (/wiki/Singapore_Tourism_Board) (STB). The Singapore Fashion Festival eventually became the Asia Fashion Exchange (/wiki/Asia_Fashion_Exchange) (AFX) in 2010, [7] (#cite_note-7) and hosts the Audi Fashion Festival Singapore as part of its flagship event. [8] (#cite_note-8) The last event is expected to be in 2017 as current event chairman Tjin Lee is setting her sights on expanding regionally. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) 2009 - 2014 [ edit ] Audi Fashion Festival (AFF) was a fashion festival that took place in May every year from 2009 to 2014. Incepted in 2009, it replaced the Singapore Fashion Week, and welcomed consumers to conventionally by-invite only shows for media and trade. [10] (#cite_note-10) It was held at Tent@Orchard in the heart of the Orchard Road (/wiki/Orchard_Road) fashion belt from 2009 to 2012, and 2014. In 2013, AFF moved to Marina Promenade (/wiki/Marina_Promenade) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Organized by Mercury Marketing & Communications, AFF was the first privately funded consumer fashion event, [12] (#cite_note-12) with Audi as the titular sponsor. It was a high-profile platform for both international and Asian emerging and established designers. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) During its run, the festival showcased collections by a host of top international designers and labels such as Prabal Gurung (/wiki/Prabal_Gurung) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) , Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) , Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) , Erdem (/wiki/Erdem_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) , DSquared (/wiki/DSquared) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Mugler (/wiki/Mugler) , Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) , Roland Mouret (/wiki/Roland_Mouret) , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) , Tsumori Chisato (/wiki/Tsumori_Chisato) , Peter Pilotto (/w/index.php?title=Peter_Pilotto&action=edit&redlink=1) and Hussein Chalayan (/wiki/Hussein_Chalayan) . [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) On top of international designers, Singaporean designers showcased at AFF. The number of local labels doubled from 2013 to 2014, with four local labels – Hansel, Ong Shunmugam (/wiki/Ong_Shunmugam) , Exhibit, and Saturday – showcasing at Audi Fashion Festival 2014. [14] (#cite_note-14) 2009 Audi Fashion Festival [ edit ] The 2009 fashion festival took place at the TENT@ORCHARD from 6 May to 10 May 2009. Singapore's fashion elite gathered for the nation's biggest scale fashion event at the newly minted Audi Fashion Festival – marking the first ever privately owned fashion festival. Organized by Mercury Marketing and Communications, the festival welcomed fashion's biggest and hottest names including Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Jacquetta Wheeler (/wiki/Jacquetta_Wheeler) , Ashley Isham (/wiki/Ashley_Isham) , RAOUL, Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_by_Marc_Jacobs) , Mango, and Singapore's creative crop from BlackMarket, Nicholas by Nic Wong and Hansel by Jo Soh. ‘Driving Innovation and Inspiration' was the theme for the inaugural Audi Fashion Festival 2009 and the festival certainly lived up to that note with a spectacular string of shows that inspired, dazzled and rocked the region. There were many firsts; first haute couture collection to be showcased on such a grand scale on Orchard Road (/wiki/Orchard_Road) , Gareth Pugh first catwalk presentation of his Fall 2009 women's and men's collection, and Ashley Isham's debut of ethereal yet elegant bridal gowns. The five show-filled days of Audi Fashion Festival drew a strong 7000 guests, with a sell-out six ticketed shows. Audi Fashion Festival 2009 wrapped up as the most glamorous and dazzling event of the fashion and social calendar with Vivienne Westwood's Anglomania Autumn/Winter 09-10 collection. Dame Vivienne Westwood was also awarded Audi Lifetime Achievement Award, with Commercial Director Giuseppe Aragoni in town to accept on her behalf. 2015 - present [ edit ] In 2015, the event was rebranded as Singapore Fashion Week (SGFW) although it is still referred to as the Audi Fashion Festival Singapore. The event is organized by Mercury Marketing & Communications. An excerpt of the website states "casting a spotlight on Asian talent, SGFW is a showcase of world-class collections by top and emerging designers and labels and is the only fashion week in the world that feature established and emerging regional and homegrown designers and labels alongside the world’s most iconic international designers." [15] (#cite_note-auto-15) Singapore Fashion Week 2015 [ edit ] The fashion event claimed the iconic name Singapore Fashion Week and returned with a revamped format. Building on eight successful editions as a consumer-centric fashion festival, SGFW broadened its scope to include thought-leadership initiatives and industry development. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) One initiative was the SGFW Fashion Talk Series – a series of thought-leadership and industry talks organized in partnership with LASALLE College of the Arts (/wiki/LASALLE_College_of_the_Arts) . In 2015, SGFW introduced strategic global alliances. SGFW partnered with the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA), which saw CFDA members Diane von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) and Thakoon Panichgul (/wiki/Thakoon_Panichgul) showcasing their latest collections as part of the tie up. SGFW's partnership with UK Trade & Investment (/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment) (UKTI) saw British designer and UK’S "GREAT" campaign ambassador Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) presenting her Autumn/Winter 2015 collection at SGFW 2015. [15] (#cite_note-auto-15) To support homegrown talent, SGFW introduced Fashion Futures, a new talent development programme to internationalize Singapore designers. [16] (#cite_note-16) Singaporean designers Priscilla Shunmugam (/wiki/Priscilla_Shunmugam) of Ong Shunmugam (/wiki/Ong_Shunmugam) , Sabrina Goh of ELOHIM, and Chelsea Schott-Blackhall of Dzojchen presented as part of the pilot edition of Fashion Futures. Singapore Fashion Week 2016 [ edit ] The Singapore Fashion Week returns in 2016 with a new date, location and initiatives. The 2016 edition took place in October instead of May, from 26 to 30 October, in order to align with international Fashion Weeks. [17] (#cite_note-17) The new date allows designers to showcase Spring/Summer collections that are more suited to the region's tropical climate instead of Fall/Winter collections that were previously showcased when the festival was held in May. [18] (#cite_note-18) Further, a six-month calendar of fashion and industry-related activities made accessible to the public would culminate in the Singapore Fashion Week held in October. SGFW 2016 was held at National Gallery Singapore (/wiki/National_Gallery_Singapore) , housed in two national monuments in the heart of the Civic District – the former Supreme Court (/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore) and City Hall (/wiki/City_Hall,_Singapore) . At the new location, SGFW would feature a curved runway with more than 350 front row seats, instead of conventional theatre-style seating, for a novel guest experience. The 2016 edition will include Digital Fashion Week (DFW) after its acquisition by SGFW, which would welcome a larger digital presence for SGFW. DFW is a designer showcase formerly targeted at young designers with an emphasis on online and social media. It has supported more than 50 local designers through fashion events and runway shows held annually in Singapore and Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) . Viewers can enjoy 360° virtual reality and live streaming of SGFW content via the Digital Fashion Week’s online portal (http://digitalfashionweek.com) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In addition to SGFW Gallery, SGFW introduced Singapore Fashion Week Access – an industry-support platform that aims to support the Singapore fashion industry by providing designers and businesses opportunities to exhibit their collections through smaller scale, flexible-format fashion presentations. [20] (#cite_note-20) SGFW turns the spotlight on Asian talents with the participation of top names in fashion such as Chinese couturier Guo Pei (/wiki/Guo_Pei) , Indian-American fashion designer Naeem Khan (/wiki/Naeem_Khan) , and London-based designer Han Chong who is behind contemporary womenswear label Self-Portrait. [21] (#cite_note-21) For the first time ever, a Singaporean designer – Max Tan of MAX.TAN – will open the fashion week at SGFW Access. Singapore Fashion Week 2017 [ edit ] The last Singapore Fashion Week took place on 26 to 28 Oct 2017. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:3_1-0) Singapore, National Library Board. "Singapore Fashion Festival | Infopedia" (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_417_2005-01-26.html) . eresources.nlb.gov.sg . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031214945/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_417_2005-01-26.html) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) FASHION FESTIVAL 2001 POISED TO POSITION SINGAPORE AS A REGIONAL FASHION CAPITAL (http://www.asiatraveltips.com/travelnews2000/20November2000Singapore.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064531/http://www.asiatraveltips.com/travelnews2000/20November2000Singapore.htm) 1 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Asiatraveltips.com (20 November 2000). ^ (#cite_ref-3) "About | Audi Fashion Festival" (http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) . audifashionfestival.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032917/http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) from the original on 14 April 2016 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-:4_4-0) Chia, Stacey. "Audi Fashion Festival goes solo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031215951/http://news.asiaone.com/news/plush/audi-fashion-festival-goes-solo?page=0,1) . AsiaOne. Archived from the original (http://news.asiaone.com/news/plush/audi-fashion-festival-goes-solo?page=0%2C1) on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Success Story Behind Singapore Fashion Week" (https://fashionista.com/2013/05/how-singapore-fashion-week-is-transforming-the-traditional-trade-show-into-a-consumer-extravaganza) . Fashionista . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Phillips, Tracy. "Singapore Fashion Week: 20 years in the making" (http://www.buro247.sg/fashion/insiders/singapore-fashion-week-20-years-in-the-making.html) . Buro 24/7 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101040900/http://www.buro247.sg/fashion/insiders/singapore-fashion-week-20-years-in-the-making.html) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "SPRING - Asia Fashion Exchange launches in April 2010" (https://archive.today/20100621001031/http://www.spring.gov.sg/NewsEvents/PR/Pages/Asia-Fashion-Exchange-launches-in-April-2010-20100111.aspx) . archive.li . 21 June 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.spring.gov.sg/NewsEvents/PR/Pages/Asia-Fashion-Exchange-launches-in-April-2010-20100111.aspx) on 21 June 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Singapore's Passion For Fashion Ramps Up with Asia Fashion Exchange" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180802041028/https://www.stb.gov.sg/news-and-publications/newsletters/Pages/March%202015/AFX_2005.aspx) . www.stb.gov.sg . Archived from the original (https://www.stb.gov.sg/news-and-publications/newsletters/Pages/March%202015/AFX_2005.aspx) on 2 August 2018 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Seah, May (16 November 2017). "The curtain falls on Singapore Fashion Week" (https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/goodbye-singapore-fashion-week) . The Straits Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180801094210/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/goodbye-singapore-fashion-week) from the original on 1 August 2018 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Audi Fashion Festival 2014 "The Art of Progress" (http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) " (http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) . Audi Fashion Festival . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032917/http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) from the original on 14 April 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Day 1: Audi Fashion Festival 2013 begins" (http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/fashion-blogs/day-1-audi-fashion-festival-2013-begins) . HerWorldPlus. 15 May 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101042248/http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/fashion-blogs/day-1-audi-fashion-festival-2013-begins) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ankita, Varma (13 July 2015). "Entrepreneur Tjin Lee: Day-dreamer comes through" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/entrepreneur-tjin-lee-day-dreamer-comes-through) . The Straits Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161013054849/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/entrepreneur-tjin-lee-day-dreamer-comes-through) from the original on 13 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Audi Fashion Festival 2014" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160520175649/http://mercurymc.com/audi-fashion-festival-2/) . Mercury Marketing & Communications . Archived from the original (http://mercurymc.com/audi-fashion-festival-2/) on 20 May 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Chia, Stacey (13 May 2014). "Audi Fashion Festival highlights local designers alongside international labels" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/audi-fashion-festival-highlights-local-designers-alongside-international-labels) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213955/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/audi-fashion-festival-highlights-local-designers-alongside-international-labels) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Singapore Fashion Week 2015: 13-17 May 2015" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031214141/http://www.fccsingapore.com/news/singapore-fashion-week-2015-13-17-may-2015) . French Chamber Singapore . Archived from the original (http://www.fccsingapore.com/news/singapore-fashion-week-2015-13-17-may-2015) on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Chia, Stacey (16 February 2015). "Singapore Fashion Week 2015 returns with a new direction" (http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/updates/audi-fashion-festival-changes-singapore-fashion-week-dvf-show) . HerWorldPlus. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101042244/http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/updates/audi-fashion-festival-changes-singapore-fashion-week-dvf-show) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Thoufeekh, Shairah. "Singapore Fashion Week 2016: The Biggest Local Fashion Event of the year has been Postponed to October" (http://thehoneycombers.com/singapore/singapore-fashion-week-2016-the-biggest-local-fashion-event-of-the-year-has-been-postponed-to-october/#3jcQoYWceDgwITQp.97) . honeycombers . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031212200/http://thehoneycombers.com/singapore/singapore-fashion-week-2016-the-biggest-local-fashion-event-of-the-year-has-been-postponed-to-october/#3jcQoYWceDgwITQp.97) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Woo, Alyssa (18 February 2016). "New Date and Local for Fashion Week" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/new-date-and-locale-for-fashion-week) . The Straits Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213511/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/new-date-and-locale-for-fashion-week) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Woo, Alyssa (28 April 2016). "Runway shows at Singapore Fashion Week will be live-streamed online" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/runway-shows-at-singapore-fashion-week-will-be-live-streamed-online) . The Straits Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213925/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/runway-shows-at-singapore-fashion-week-will-be-live-streamed-online) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "S'pore Fashion Week unveils new partnerships and intitiatives" (http://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/style/spore-fashion-week-unveils-new-partnerships-and-intitiatives) . Today. 28 April 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101040948/http://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/style/spore-fashion-week-unveils-new-partnerships-and-intitiatives) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Singapore Fashion Week 2016: Asian & Local Designers Take The Spotlight This October" (http://popspoken.com/style/2016/09/singapore-fashion-week-2016-asian-local-designers-to-take-the-spotlight) . Pop Spoken . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161030213503/http://popspoken.com/style/2016/09/singapore-fashion-week-2016-asian-local-designers-to-take-the-spotlight) from the original on 30 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . External links [ edit ] Singapore Fashion Online Website (https://web.archive.org/web/20070503104405/http://www.singaporefashion.com.sg/) Article on Singapore Fashion Week (https://web.archive.org/web/20070928024202/http://www.papierdoll.net/fashion.php?ID=497) Asia Fashion Exchange (https://web.archive.org/web/20130926142455/http://www.asiafashionexchange.com.sg/) Audi Fashion Festival (http://www.audifashionfestival.com) Blueprint (http://www.blueprint.sg/) Star Creation (http://www.starcreation.sg) v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐tcbzr Cached time: 20240713013436 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.355 seconds Real time usage: 0.454 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1489/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52704/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1005/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 86928/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5446424/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 408.110 1 -total 47.71% 194.720 1 Template:Reflist 27.77% 113.352 9 Template:Cite_web 21.82% 89.070 1 Template:Fashion_weeks 21.32% 86.989 1 Template:Navbox 17.05% 69.589 1 Template:Short_description 11.59% 47.311 11 Template:Cite_news 9.74% 39.763 2 Template:Pagetype 5.27% 21.487 1 Template:Distinguish 4.60% 18.782 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52149550-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713013436 and revision id 1079433345. 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Australian sports equipment company Sting Sports Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) Founded 2003 ; 21 years ago ( 2003 ) Founder Amir Anis Headquarters Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Area served Worldwide Products Boxing gloves (/wiki/Boxing_glove) and helmets (/wiki/Helmet) Website stingsports.com (https://www.stingsports.com/) Sting Sports is an Australian sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) company focused on boxing (/wiki/Boxing) and mixed martial arts (/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts) . The company was founded in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) in 2003 by Amir Anis. Sting Sports was selected as the official AIBA (/wiki/International_Boxing_Association_(amateur)) boxing glove (/wiki/Boxing_glove) and official supplier for the 2014 Commonwealth Games (/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games) and 2016 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The company manufactures and commercialises boxing gloves (/wiki/Boxing_glove) and protective gear (/wiki/Protective_gear_in_sports) such as helmets. Sponsorships [ edit ] Sting Sports has a number of partnerships both domestically and internationally including Boxing Australia (/wiki/Boxing_Australia) , USA Boxing (/wiki/USA_Boxing) , Boxing NZ, Boxing Canada, Italian Boxing Federation and has recently secured the sponsorship of the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games (/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games) in April 2018. [ citation needed ] It also has held sponsorships AIBA (/wiki/International_Boxing_Association_(amateur)) 's APB and is the current sponsor of the World Series of Boxing (/wiki/World_Series_of_Boxing) . [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) List of fitness wear brands (/wiki/List_of_fitness_wear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Australian fitness brand STING selected for 2016 Rio Olympics - Australasian Leisure Management" (http://www.ausleisure.com.au/news/australian-fitness-brand-sting-selected-for-2016-rio-olympics/) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Press Release: Australian fitness brand STING selected for 2016 Rio Olympics" (http://prwire.com.au/pr/49230/australian-fitness-brand-sting-selected-for-2016-rio-olympics) . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.stingsports.com/) v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. List by sport include only current products manufactured Multi-sports Acerbis (/wiki/Acerbis) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Admiral (/wiki/Admiral_Sportswear) AFA (/wiki/AFA_Sports) Alpine Pro (/wiki/Alpine_Pro) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Atletica (/wiki/Atletica) BLK (/wiki/BLK_(sportswear)) Burley-Sekem (/wiki/Burley-Sekem) Castore (/wiki/Castore) Champion (/wiki/Champion_(sportswear)) Charly (/wiki/Charly_(brand)) Classic (/wiki/Classic_Sportswear) Descente (/wiki/Descente) Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) ERKE (/wiki/ERKE) Erreà (/wiki/Erre%C3%A0) EvoShield (/wiki/EvoShield) FBT (/wiki/FBT_(company)) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Fischer (/wiki/Fischer_(company)) 4F (/wiki/4F_(company)) Garcis (/wiki/Garcis) Givova (/wiki/Givova) Grand Sport (/wiki/Grand_Sport_Group) Grays (/wiki/Grays_International) Head (/wiki/Head_(company)) Hummel (/wiki/Hummel_International) ISC (/wiki/ISC_(sportswear)) Jako (/wiki/Jako) Joma (/wiki/Joma) Kappa (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Kelme (/wiki/Kelme_(company)) Kookaburra (/wiki/Kookaburra_Sport) Le Coq Sportif (/wiki/Le_Coq_Sportif) Legea (/wiki/Legea) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Lotto (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) Luanvi (/wiki/Luanvi) Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) Macron (/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)) Majestic (/wiki/Majestic_Athletic) Mikasa (/wiki/Mikasa_Sports) Mitchell & Ness (/wiki/Mitchell_%26_Ness) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre_Sports_International) Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation) Molten (/wiki/Molten_Corporation) Oakley (/wiki/Oakley,_Inc.) On (/wiki/On_(company)) NAAI (/wiki/NAAI) New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Nivia (/wiki/Nivia_Sports) O'Neills (/wiki/O%27Neills) Peak (/wiki/Peak_Sport_Products) Penalty (/wiki/Penalty_(sports_manufacturer)) Poker (/wiki/Poker_(sports_manufacturer)) Pirma (/wiki/Pirma) Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Reusch (/wiki/Reusch_(company)) Russell (/wiki/Russell_Athletic) Schutt (/wiki/Schutt_Sports) Scott (/wiki/Scott_Sports) Signia (/wiki/Signia_(sportswear)) Skins (/wiki/Skins_(sportswear)) Slazenger (/wiki/Slazenger) Sportika (/wiki/Sportika) Starter (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Topper (/wiki/Topper_(brand)) Uhlsport (/wiki/Uhlsport) Umbro (/wiki/Umbro) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Voit (/wiki/Voit) XBlades (/wiki/XBlades) Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Warrior (/wiki/Warrior_Sports) Warrix Sports (/wiki/Warrix_Sports) Wilson (/wiki/Wilson_Sporting_Goods) World Balance (/wiki/World_Balance) Yonex (/wiki/Yonex) 2XU (/wiki/2XU) Association football (/wiki/Association_football) Athleta (/wiki/Athleta_(company)) Bukta (/wiki/Bukta) Capelli (/wiki/Capelli_Sport) Finta (/wiki/Finta) Marathon (/wiki/Marathon_Sports) Nanque (/wiki/Nanque) Patrick (/wiki/Patrick_(sportswear_company)) Select (/wiki/Select_Sport) SIX5SIX (/wiki/SIX5SIX) Sport-Saller (/wiki/Sport-Saller) St Margaret's (/wiki/N._Corah_%26_Sons) Australian football (/wiki/Australian_rules_football) Cotton On (/wiki/Cotton_On) Sherrin (/wiki/Sherrin) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball) / softball (/wiki/Softball) DeMarini (/wiki/DeMarini) Louisville Slugger (/wiki/Hillerich_%26_Bradsby) Marucci (/wiki/Marucci_Sports) Nokona (/wiki/Nocona_Athletic_Goods_Company) Rawlings (/wiki/Rawlings_(company)) Basketball (/wiki/Basketball) AND1 (/wiki/AND1) First Ever (/wiki/First_Ever) Spalding (/wiki/Spalding_(company)) Boxing (/wiki/Boxing) Boxa (/wiki/Boxa) Everlast (/wiki/Everlast_(brand)) Lonsdale (/wiki/Lonsdale_(clothing)) Sting Twins Special (/wiki/Twins_Special) Cricket (/wiki/Cricket) CA (/wiki/CA_Sports) County (/wiki/Hunts_County) Dukes (/wiki/British_Cricket_Balls_Ltd) Duncan Fearnley (/wiki/Duncan_Fearnley) Gray-Nicolls (/wiki/Gray-Nicolls) Gunn & Moore (/wiki/Gunn_%26_Moore) Sanspareils Greenlands (/wiki/Sanspareils_Greenlands) Sareen (/wiki/Sareen_Sports_Industries) Stuart Surridge (/wiki/Stuart_Surridge) Cue sports (/wiki/Cue_sports) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_Corporation) Parris Cues (/wiki/Parris_Cues) Riley (/wiki/Riley_(brand)) Cycling (/wiki/Cycle_sport) Bell Sports (/wiki/Bell_Sports) Castelli (/wiki/Castelli_(brand)) Giro (/wiki/Giro_(company)) Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) Northwave (/wiki/Northwave) Santini SMS (/wiki/Santini_SMS) SIDI (/wiki/SIDI) Troy Lee (/wiki/Troy_Lee_Designs) Darts (/wiki/Darts) Winmau (/wiki/Winmau) Golf (/wiki/Golf) Adams (/wiki/Adams_Golf) Ashworth (/wiki/Ashworth_(clothing)) Bettinardi (/wiki/Bettinardi_Golf) Bridgestone (/wiki/Bridgestone_Golf) Callaway (/wiki/Callaway_Golf_Company) Cleveland (/wiki/Cleveland_Golf) Cobra (/wiki/Cobra_Golf) FootJoy (/wiki/FootJoy) Forgan (/wiki/Forgan_of_St_Andrews) John 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(/wiki/LA_Gear) Merrell (/wiki/Merrell_(company)) Olympikus (/wiki/Olympikus) Saucony (/wiki/Saucony) Skiing (/wiki/Skiing) 4FRNT (/wiki/4FRNT) Alpina (/wiki/Alpina_%C5%BDiri) Armada (/wiki/Armada_(company)) Atomic (/wiki/Atomic_Skis) Black Crows (/wiki/Black_Crows_Skis) Black Diamond (/wiki/Black_Diamond_Equipment) Blizzard (/wiki/Blizzard_Sport) Dynastar (/wiki/Dynastar) Elan (/wiki/Elan_(company)) Faction (/wiki/The_Faction_Collective) K2 (/wiki/K2_Sports) Kneissl (/wiki/Kneissl) Liberty Skis (/wiki/Liberty_Skis) Line Skis (/wiki/Line_Skis) Look Bindings (/wiki/Look_(company)) Madshus (/wiki/Madshus) Marker (/wiki/Marker_(ski_bindings)) Moment Skis (/wiki/Moment_Skis) Nordica (/wiki/Nordica_(company)) Peltonen (/wiki/Peltonen_(company)) Rossignol (/wiki/Skis_Rossignol) Salomon (/wiki/Salomon_Group) Skigo (/wiki/Skigo) Spyder (/wiki/Spyder_(ski_apparel_brand)) Swix (/wiki/Swix) Rottefella (/wiki/Rottefella) Völkl (/wiki/V%C3%B6lkl) Surf (/wiki/Surfing) Billabong (/wiki/Billabong_(clothing)) Haydenshapes (/wiki/Haydenshapes_Surfboards) Hurley (/wiki/Hurley_International) Mambo (/wiki/Mambo_Graphics) Quiksilver (/wiki/Quiksilver) Ocean Pacific (/wiki/Ocean_Pacific) O'Neill (/wiki/O%27Neill_(brand)) Oxbow (/wiki/Oxbow_(surfwear)) Rip Curl (/wiki/Rip_Curl) Swimming (/wiki/Swimming_(sport)) Arena (/wiki/Arena_(swimwear)) Speedo (/wiki/Speedo) TYR (/wiki/TYR_Sport) Zoggs (/wiki/Zoggs) Table tennis (/wiki/Table_tennis) Butterfly (/wiki/Butterfly_(brand)) Kettler (/wiki/Kettler) Killerspin (/wiki/Killerspin) Stiga Sports (/wiki/Stiga#Stiga_Sports) Tennis (/wiki/Tennis) / racket sports (/wiki/Racket_(sports_equipment)) Babolat (/wiki/Babolat) Carlton (/wiki/Carlton_Sports) Donnay (/wiki/Donnay_(sports)) Dunlop (/wiki/Dunlop_Sport) Ellesse (/wiki/Ellesse) Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) Prince (/wiki/Prince_Sports) ProKennex (/wiki/ProKennex) Sergio Tacchini (/wiki/Sergio_Tacchini) Snauwaert (/wiki/Snauwaert) Tecnifibre (/wiki/Tecnifibre) Volley (/wiki/Volley_(shoe)) Water polo (/wiki/Water_polo) KAP7 (/wiki/KAP7) Category (/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_manufacturers) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_manufacturers) This article about an Australian corporation or company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sting_Sports&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐69f74dcdf6‐xq7gr Cached time: 20240722003039 Cache expiry: 862162 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.360 seconds Real time usage: 0.516 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2212/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61652/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2897/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22748/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.215/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5700659/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 421.576 1 -total 21.47% 90.514 1 Template:Infobox_company 20.29% 85.544 1 Template:Sports_equipment_brands 20.27% 85.448 1 Template:Reflist 19.66% 82.892 1 Template:Navbox 19.22% 81.022 1 Template:Infobox 17.70% 74.605 2 Template:Cite_web 14.02% 59.107 1 Template:Short_description 9.07% 38.253 2 Template:Citation_needed 8.29% 34.945 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52284476-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722003039 and revision id 1208145659. 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Belarusian fashion designer (born 1982) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Natalia_Potkina&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Natalia+Potkina&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Natalia+Potkina) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Natalia_Potkina) for suggestions. ( October 2019 ) Natalia Potkina Born ( 1982-03-14 ) March 14, 1982 Minsk (/wiki/Minsk) Nationality Belarusian (/wiki/Belarusians) Citizenship Belarus (/wiki/Belarus) Education Institute of Modern Knowledge named after M.Shirokov Occupation Fashion designer Label Natasha Potkina Parent(s) Valery Potkin, Elvira Potkina Website http://potkina.com/ (http://potkina.com/) Natalia Potkina ( Belarusian (/wiki/Belarusian_language) : Наталля Поткіна , Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) : Наталия Поткина ; born March 14, 1982, Minsk (/wiki/Minsk) , Republic of Belarus (/wiki/Republic_of_Belarus) ) is a Belarusian fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) , the head of «Natasha Potkina’s Fashion House», [1] (#cite_note-1) the creator of Natasha Potkina's brand of designer clothes. [2] (#cite_note-Ком-2) She is also the winner and Laureate of the Belarusian and international festivals and contests of fashion: «White Amphora», «Fashion Mill», «Admiralty Needle», «Jeans-Russia» [2] (#cite_note-Ком-2) [3] (#cite_note-Звязда-3) and others. Biography [ edit ] Natasha created her first collection of clothes, under the name «Birdies of Paradise», when she was a student of the 10th form; the collection was shown to her schoolmates at the graduation party. In 2001, she participated at the festival of vanguard fashion designers, « Mamont (/wiki/Mamont) », where she won a special prize of jury. [4] (#cite_note-ВМ-4) The same year, at the International contest of fashion designers «White Amphora» in Vitebsk, her collection «Safari Maiden Voyage» won the first award in the nomination «Tatiana Day». [3] (#cite_note-Звязда-3) From the first collection created by Natasha Potkina, «Safari», one of models was purchased by the singer Natalia Podolskaya (/wiki/Natalia_Podolskaya) . In this outfit Podolskaya, for the first time, performed at the Belarusian song contest, «At Intersections of Europe». [3] (#cite_note-Звязда-3) In 2003, she graduated from the Minsk Institute of Modern Knowledge (/wiki/Minsk_Innovation_University) named after A.M. Shirokov (her specialty being a design and garment construction). In 2009, Natasha Potkina arranged a display of her collection «Gravitation» at the National Academic Opera and Ballet Theater (/wiki/National_Opera_and_Ballet_of_Belarus) in Minsk. This event created a furor since before, in Minsk, there were no such large-scale fashionable actions yet. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2012, Natasha Potkina opened the designing agency. Now her company is engaged in creating garment creations and designs for factories of Belarus and the CIS (/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States) countries. [6] (#cite_note-6) In April, 2016, together with partners from Turkey, Natasha Potkina opened drapery, skin, furs and accessories store, under the name «House of Fashion Textiles». [7] (#cite_note-НН-7) In October, 2016, Natasha opened a school of cut and sewing where together with Karatova Oksana Nikolaevna (the teacher of designing, the author of the book «Designing and Modelling of Clothes») she gives lessons to persons eager to learn the skill of creating clothes. [8] (#cite_note-8) The famous [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-КП-10) [11] (#cite_note-СТВ-11) Belarusian designer Natasha Potkina is often called the most feminine fashionable designer of Belarus. [12] (#cite_note-12) Among her clients we find Natalia Podolskaya (/wiki/Natalia_Podolskaya) , Angelica Agurbash (/wiki/Angelica_Agurbash) , Polina Smolova (/wiki/Polina_Smolova) , Vera Karetnikova, Gyunesh, Hera, Iskui Abalyan [7] (#cite_note-НН-7) [13] (#cite_note-13) and many others. Natasha helps with the creation of images for participants of national selections of both children's and adult's « Eurovision (/wiki/Belarus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest) ». [7] (#cite_note-НН-7) Contests and awards [ edit ] Winner of the festival of vanguard art «Mammoth 2001», Minsk; Winner of the 1st award of the contest of fashion designers «White amphora 2001», Vitebsk; Winner of the fashion festival «Mill of Fashion 2002», Minsk, Finalist of the contest of fashion designers «The Admiralty Needle 2002», Saint-Petersburg Winner of the 3rd awards of the art festival «Three Moon - 2003», Minsk; Winner of the All-Russian contest «Jeans-Russia 2004», 2nd place, Moscow; The participant of a fashion show of the Belarusian designers in the Russian House, Berlin; Participant in opening the exhibition of objects of art, «March Cats 2005», in Palace of Arts, Minsk; Winner of a fashion festival «Mill of Fashion 2005», Minsk; Finalist of fashion festival «Assembly of Fashion», Mosow; Participant in opening the exhibition of objects of art «March cats 2006», Palace of Arts, Minsk; Winner of the «Belarus Press Photo 2010» project in the nomination «Fashion photo»; Participant of Belarus Fashion Week Collections [ edit ] 2001 «Topsy turvy» and «Electro-cutter of Knots», winner of the festival of vanguard art «Mammoth 2001», Minsk 2001 «Safari first class», winner of the first place in the contest of fashion designers «White Amphora», Vitebsk 2002 «Interval of Indifference», winner of the fashion festival «Mill of Fashion 2002», Minsk, finalist of the contest of fashion designers, «Admiralty Needle 2002», Saint-Petersburg 2003 «El Caprichcho», diploma collection, winner of the 3rd place at the festival of art «Three Moon», Minsk 2004 «Damn it!». Winner of the All-Russian contest «Jeans-Russia 2004", the 2nd place Moscow; Winner of the fashion festival «Mill of Fashion of 2004», Minsk; Participant of the fashion show of the Belarusian designers in the Russian House, Berlin; Participant in opening the exhibition of objects of art «March Cats 2005», Palace of Arts, Minsk 2005 «Trunk», Winner of the fashion festival «Mill of Fashion 2005”, Minsk; Finalist of the fashion festival «Assembly of Fashion», Moscow; Participant in opening the exhibition of objects of art, «March Cats 2006», in Palace of Arts, Minsk 2006 «Wasabi», the collection presentation during a Fashion week in Minsk in the Belarusian Center of Fashion, November 17, 2006 2009 «Gravitation», the collection presentation at National Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, March 19, 2009; the collection presentation in «Titan club”, November 27, 2009; advertising photographing of the collections became the winner of the project «Belarus Press Photo 2010», in the nomination Fashion photo. Family [ edit ] Natalia Potkina was born in a family of builders. Natalia's father, Potkin Valery Aleksandrovich, is a well known [14] (#cite_note-14) construction figure in Belarus, the honourable builder of Belarus, [15] (#cite_note-15) the restorer, [16] (#cite_note-16) the Minsk Resident of the Year (2008), [17] (#cite_note-17) the creator and the director of the company «Elvira». Natasha Potkina's children, her son Lev and the daughter Evelina, are winners of the international contest «Little Miss Universe» and «Little Mr. of the World» in Turkey («Little Miss of the Universe World 2014» & «Little Mister of the World 2014»). [10] (#cite_note-КП-10) [11] (#cite_note-СТВ-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Презентация проекта "Здоровье нации" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161114001934/http://csl.bas-net.by/anews1.asp?id=56728) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20161114001934/http://csl.bas-net.by/anews1.asp?id=56728) . ЦНБ НАН Беларуси. Archived from the original (http://csl.bas-net.by/anews1.asp?id=56728) on 2016-11-14 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/41e4e2f3) ^ Jump up to: a b Шахнович Т. (2016-10-25). "Мужчина нужен женщине до того момента, как сделал ей ребенка" (https://www.kp.ru/daily/26598/3614600/) . Комсомольская правда (/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda) . Archived (https://archive.today/20161102180300/http://www.kp.by/daily/26598/3614600/) from the original on 2016-11-02 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/b06825c7) ^ Jump up to: a b c Бузиловская, А. (2005-10-13). "Наряды для "Евровидения" и идеи из бабушкиного сундучка" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161114001427/http://old2.zviazda.by/second.html?r=39&p=45&archiv=13102005) . Звязда . 25531 (199). Archived from the original (http://old2.zviazda.by/second.html?r=39&p=45&archiv=13102005) on 2016-11-14 . Retrieved 2016-11-17 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/e7c29bb0) ^ (#cite_ref-ВМ_4-0) Марадудина И. (2002-03-21). "Мозоли от искусства" (https://archive.today/20161102135200/http://www.vminsk.by/news/30/20372/) . Вечерний Минск. Archived from the original (http://www.vminsk.by/news/30/20372/) on 2016-11-02 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/97b848da) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Премьера Дома моды Наташи Поткиной прошла в опере" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161118041020/http://news.show-biz.by/artpage/premera-doma-mody-natashi-potkinoi-proshla-v-opere) . show-biz.by. 2009-03-19. Archived from the original (http://news.show-biz.by/artpage/premera-doma-mody-natashi-potkinoi-proshla-v-opere) on 2016-11-18 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Горбач И. (2016-10-03). "Дизайнер одежды Наташа Поткина: "Надев эту блузку, ее хозяйка как будто говорит: «Хочу, чтобы у меня из груди текла нефть!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161108033746/http://bel.biz/completed/lifestyle/dress-code/dizajner-odezhdy-natasha-potkina-sovremennaya-zhenshhina-sposobna-kupit-muzhchinu-i-on-nachal-odevatsya-tak-chtoby-prosto-ej-nravitsya) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20161108033746/http://bel.biz/completed/lifestyle/dress-code/dizajner-odezhdy-natasha-potkina-sovremennaya-zhenshhina-sposobna-kupit-muzhchinu-i-on-nachal-odevatsya-tak-chtoby-prosto-ej-nravitsya) . Bel.biz. Archived from the original (http://bel.biz/completed/lifestyle/dress-code/dizajner-odezhdy-natasha-potkina-sovremennaya-zhenshhina-sposobna-kupit-muzhchinu-i-on-nachal-odevatsya-tak-chtoby-prosto-ej-nravitsya) on 2016-11-08 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/846b2d11) ^ Jump up to: a b c Недаверков Н. (2016-06-21). "Текстиль с национальными элементами — настоящий хит" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161113043530/http://nn.by/?c=ar&i=172139&lang=ru) . Наша Ніва (/wiki/Nasha_Niva) . Archived from the original (http://nn.by/?c=ar&i=172139&lang=ru) on 2016-11-13 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/fcb4f305) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Фотоотчет: Открытие школы кроя и шитья" (http://mag.relax.by/foto/10472765-otkrytije-shkoly-kroja-i-shityja/) . Relax.by. 2016-09-16 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Тельтевская Ю. (2013-08-14). "Школьный дресс-код. Советы от дизайнера Наташи Поткиной" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161113045654/http://www.aif.by/social/shkolnyy_dress_kod_sovety_ot_dizaynera_natashi_potkinoy) . Аргументы и факты (/wiki/Argumenty_i_Fakty) . Archived from the original (http://www.aif.by/social/shkolnyy_dress_kod_sovety_ot_dizaynera_natashi_potkinoy) on 2016-11-13 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/d210f476) ^ Jump up to: a b "Родители о детских конкурсах красоты" (https://www.kp.ru/daily/26384.4/3261795/) . Комсомольская правда (/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda) . 2015-05-21. Archived (https://archive.today/20161102154800/http://www.kp.by/daily/26384.4/3261795/) from the original on 2016-11-02 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/6cd06c92) ^ Jump up to: a b "Победители Little Miss World & Little Mister World 2014 - дети белорусского дизайнера Натальи Поткиной в гостях программы "Утро" на СТВ" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161112163022/http://www.ctv.by/pobediteli-little-miss-world-little-mister-world-2014-deti-belorusskogo-dizaynera-natali-potkinoy-v) . СТВ. 2014-06-02. Archived from the original (http://www.ctv.by/pobediteli-little-miss-world-little-mister-world-2014-deti-belorusskogo-dizaynera-natali-potkinoy-v) on 2016-11-12 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/936806f7) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Есть только две вещи, необходимые мне всегда" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170920124508/http://www.interfax.by/article/90722) . Interfax.by (/wiki/Interfax) . 2012-05-08. Archived from the original (http://www.interfax.by/article/90722) on 2017-09-20 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/80a32abd) ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Моя жизнь — в творчестве и любви" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101035210/http://www.diva.by/focus/persons/48332.html) . DiVA.BY. Archived from the original (http://www.diva.by/focus/persons/48332.html) on 2016-11-01 . Retrieved 2016-11-02 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/5390c1d7) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Швидкий О. (2014-10-12). "В Новогрудке оживают утраченные здания" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161113182547/http://novogrudok.by/v-novogrudke-ozhivayut-utrachennyie-zdaniya/index.html) . The site of the city Novogrudok. Archived from the original (http://novogrudok.by/v-novogrudke-ozhivayut-utrachennyie-zdaniya/index.html) on 2016-11-13 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/15df8373) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Аникевич И. (2014-09-18). "В Новогрудке археологи нашли место, где мог жить король Сигизмунд Август" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161114001704/http://news.tut.by/society/416112.html) . Tut.By (/wiki/Tut.By) . Archived from the original (http://news.tut.by/society/416112.html) on 2016-11-14 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/a923bad4) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Поткин, Валерий Александрович" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161113180009/http://unicat.nlb.by/opac/pls/dict.prn_ref?tu=e&tq=v0&name_view=va_all&a001=BY-NLB-ar2487864&strq=l_siz=20) . НББ (/wiki/National_Library_of_Belarus) . Archived from the original (http://unicat.nlb.by/opac/pls/dict.prn_ref?tu=e&tq=v0&name_view=va_all&a001=BY-NLB-ar2487864&strq=l_siz=20) on 2016-11-13 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . Alt URL (http://www.peeep.us/2ac5fc9e) ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Во всем, чем прирастает Минск, заложен великий труд горожан - М.Павлов" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161114002411/http://www.newsby.org/news/2008/09/14/text13553.htm) . NewsBY.org. 2008-09-14. Archived from the original (http://www.newsby.org/news/2008/09/14/text13553.htm) on 2016-11-14 . Retrieved 2016-11-12 . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Belarus portal (/wiki/Portal:Belarus) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐mjmcv Cached time: 20240719203608 Cache expiry: 1049034 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.017 seconds Real time usage: 1.270 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2629/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 56181/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2650/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 76829/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.741/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 25115833/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1206.564 1 -total 30.70% 370.462 1 Template:Reflist 29.77% 359.166 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 25.26% 304.759 16 Template:Cite_web 16.97% 204.698 1 Template:Lang-be 11.22% 135.322 1 Template:BLR 9.57% 115.430 1 Template:Short_description 7.95% 95.919 1 Template:Orphan 7.42% 89.512 1 Template:Draft_other 7.25% 87.503 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52308289-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719203608 and revision id 1232067988. 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Lacemaking machine invented by John Levers Leavers lace machines Border (ST293) - Lace-Machine Lace - MoMu Antwerp The Leavers machine is a lacemaking machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) that John Levers (/wiki/John_Leavers) adapted from Heathcoat's Old Loughborough (/wiki/Old_Loughborough) machine. It was made in Nottingham in 1813. The name of the machine was the Leavers machine (the 'a' was added to aid pronunciation in France). The original machine made net but it was discovered that the Jacquard apparatus (/wiki/Jacquard_loom) could be adapted to it. From 1841 lace complete with pattern, net and outline could be made on the Leavers machine. History [ edit ] Most lace machines stem from the weft-knitting Stocking frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) . The Leavers machine is a derivative of Heathcoat's 1809 Old Loughborough (/wiki/Old_Loughborough) . The Leavers machine was invented by John Levers [sic], a framesmith and setter-up of Sutton-in-Ashfield (/wiki/Sutton-in-Ashfield) . Sources give the date as either 1813 or 1814, and the location as Derby Road, Nottingham. Patent applications up until 1930, spelled the name without an 'a', but about 1906, foreign sources had started to insert an 'a'. The Lace working party of 1946 standardised the name with an 'a' and the trade association henceforth adopted that spelling. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107,_108-1) Until 1823 they were used solely to make plain net, working on a 60 inch beam at 80 motions per minute [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194811-2) In 1828 an improvement was made to drive the bobbin carriage at intervals, thus leaving time for 'shogging' the guide bars between each movement. In 1841 use of a knob Jacquard allowed the insertion of thick thread (liner). The knobs allowed a greater distance and allowed the automatic gimping around flowered patterns. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986108,_109-3) The number of Leavers in use was dependent on the market and during periods of depression or cotton shortage many frames were broken up for their iron content. The use of Raschel machines (/wiki/Warp_knitting#Raschel_knit) , noted for being better for artificial fibres (/wiki/Synthetic_fiber) increased in the 1970s and, with fine polyesters (/wiki/Polyester) , the two products have converged. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986110-4) United States context [ edit ] Before 1909 there were only 100 Leavers machines in the United States. Importing them was prohibitively expensive due to a 45% import tariff (/wiki/Protectionism#Protectionism_in_America) . The US lost many soldiers to malaria (/wiki/Malaria) in a skirmish in Spanish America, and need for mosquito netting (/wiki/Mosquito_net) was seen. The US Tariff Act of 1909 provided free entry for Leavers machines, during a 19 month window from 6 August 1909 to 31 December 1910. Thus by 1947 there were 730 machines in 54 mills employing 5000 people. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194815-5) The 'twist-hands' were mainly emigrants from the lace making areas of France and England, as operating the machine is a complex process to learn. The Amalgamated Lace Operators of America (/w/index.php?title=Amalgamated_Lace_Operators_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1) , Leavers Section considered a three year apprenticeship (/wiki/Apprentice) to be the minimum and longer to be fully effective. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194815-5) Description [ edit ] The lace machine [ edit ] The brass bobbin in the carriage which move in a cradle between the warp threads The Leavers machine is probably the most versatile of all machines for making patterned lace. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell2007-6) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107–172-7) A 120 inches (300 cm) machine will weigh 17 tons and have 40,000 moving parts and carry between 12,000 and 50,000 threads. Working widths are always multiples of 9 inches (230 mm) since the web is calculated in quarter yards. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107-8) It has two warp beams, though it can be run using just one or none. An S-twist thread is out on the front warp (right warp) and a Z- twist on the back warp (left warp, reverse warp). All the warp ends pass through a sley with individual perforations- to keep the threads from tangling. On a machine with 3000 front warp ends, that will mean 6000 perforations, all front warp ends will be of the same count, and all back warp ends will be of the same count, though the two warps can carry different counts. The warp threads interact with the brass bobbin threads to form the net or openwork ground. The reverse warp threads (introduced in 1830) lock the front warp threads against the bobbin threads. The warp threads are tensioned by a spring. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986112–114-9) The heavy connector to the Jacquard unit, with the individual guide bars (Photo. Nottingham Industrial Museum) Beams are the vertical threads from a beam roller that contributes to the pattern. Lace is made up of motif that is repeated vertically and horizontally. If a design has 48 horizontal repeats, there will be 48 threads on each beam roller. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986112–114-9) Every beam roller has its own guidebar, made of thin watch-spring steel. Each front warp ends has its own guidebar. The back warp ends share 4 stump bars between them. The guide bars are controlled by the Jacquards so can be reposition for each motion, indeed they are also known as Jacquard bars; they are held in a bar box above the sley but below the carriages. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986117-10) The process [ edit ] There are up to 32 processes involved in designing and producing a run of Leavers lace, To start with, there are 5 five processes in transferring the initial art work to the machine. There are nine processes needed to prepare the 4 types of yarn. The single process of running the machine and up to 14 finishing processes, thus there is a lot of ancillary equipment. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194820-11) The Jacquard in place The art work is designed six times life size and reduced using a pantograph. The design is converted to the Jacquard code and punched onto the Jacquard cards. The cards are stitched and mounted on the Jacquard. The thread arrives either on cones or in skeins. It has to be slip wound onto spools. There are four types of yarn used in Leavers machine The heavy warp thread that needs to be warped from a creel of spools or cones onto a warp beam. There will be one thread for each end. There are two set of warp thread, right twist and left twist,- one used for stability and the other used for twisting. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194820-11) Bobbin winding unit- taking 140 bobbins The brass bobbin yarns are wound on special brass bobbin winding units, with the spools held on jack stands. and then these brass bobbins are compressed by 25% at a pressure of 20 tons per square inch. They are then steamed and cooled. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194826–34-12) These have to be manually placed in the carrier and held by a spring. The thread needs to be laced to the previous one On depletion of the first bobbin, the whole set is removed and goes through a stripper. [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194835-13) The skein yarns which gimp the warps are spooled on to a beam and then beamed onto the machine. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194820-11) The liner threads are spooled onto a beam [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosatto194817,_20-14) The finishing processes are clipping, scalloping, drawing, cutting, hand cutting, cloth looking and mending and the familiar textile processes such as bleaching, dyeing, stretching to width, drying, folding and packing. See also [ edit ] Pusher machine (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Nottingham lace curtain machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) References [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107,_108_1-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 107, 108. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosatto194811_2-0) Rosatto 1948 (#CITEREFRosatto1948) , p. 11. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986108,_109_3-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 108, 109. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986110_4-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 110. ^ Jump up to: a b Rosatto 1948 (#CITEREFRosatto1948) , p. 15. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrell2007_6-0) Farrell 2007 (#CITEREFFarrell2007) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107–172_7-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 107–172. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986107_8-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 107. ^ Jump up to: a b Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 112–114. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986117_10-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 117. ^ Jump up to: a b c Rosatto 1948 (#CITEREFRosatto1948) , p. 20. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosatto194826–34_12-0) Rosatto 1948 (#CITEREFRosatto1948) , pp. 26–34. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosatto194835_13-0) Rosatto 1948 (#CITEREFRosatto1948) , p. 35. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosatto194817,_20_14-0) Rosatto 1948 (#CITEREFRosatto1948) , pp. 17, 20. Bibliography [ edit ] Earnshaw, Pat (1985). The Identification of lace . De Bild:Cantecleer. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9021302179 . Earnshaw, Pat (1986). Lace Machines and Machine Laces . Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0713446846 . Farrell, Jeremy (2007). "Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140611203032/http://www.dressandtextilespecialists.org.uk/Lace%20Booklet.pdf) (PDF) . DATS (Dress and Textile Specialists) in partnership with the V&A. Archived from the original (http://www.dressandtextilespecialists.org.uk/Lace%20Booklet.pdf) (PDF) on 2014-06-11 . Retrieved 2016-12-04 . Felkin, William. A history of the machine-wrought hosiery and lace manufacturies . Longmans, G.Keen, and co. 1867. Rosatto, Vittoria (1948). Leavers Lace:A Handbook of the American Leavers Lace Industry (PDF) . Providence, RI: American Lace Manufacturers Association . Retrieved 8 December 2016 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leavers lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leavers_lace) and Lacemaking machines (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lacemaking_machines) . Video of a Leavers machine making lace (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gn-08fqUK_4) Silent 1930 BFI video of Lace making process (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLznPSTUyQo) v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐z68l2 Cached time: 20240720211144 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.409 seconds Real time usage: 0.624 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1847/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 43847/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2217/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29106/5000000 bytes 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Italian clothing company OVS Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) ( S.p.A. (/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_per_azioni) ) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) BIT (/wiki/Borsa_Italiana) : OVS (https://www.borsaitaliana.it/borsa/azioni/scheda/IT0005043507.html?lang=en) Founded 1972 ; 52 years ago ( 1972 ) Headquarters Venice (/wiki/Venice) , Veneto (/wiki/Veneto) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Number of locations 1822 [1] (#cite_note-1) Area served Worldwide Products Retail (/wiki/Retail) Revenue € (/wiki/Euro) 1,017 billion (2020) Website www.ovs.it (https://www.ovs.it) OVS (formerly Oviesse ) is an Italian clothing company. It has stores in 35 countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia with a total of about 1285 locations. Revenues were €1.32 billion in 2015. [2] (#cite_note-2) It is the largest clothing retailer in Italy, accounting for about 5% of the national clothing retail market. [3] (#cite_note-ilpost-3) OVS was founded in 1972 as Organizzazione Vendite Speciali (special sales organization), a division of Coin (/wiki/Coin_(department_store)) , an Italian department store chain. [3] (#cite_note-ilpost-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The company remained a subsidiary of Coin Group until 2015, when an initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) ( IPO (/wiki/IPO) ) took place. [5] (#cite_note-5) Locations [ edit ] Locations by country Country Stores Albania (/wiki/Albania) 6 Andorra (/wiki/Andorra) 2 Armenia (/wiki/Armenia) 4 Austria (/wiki/Austria) 13 Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina (/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) 4 China (/wiki/China) 19 UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) 5 Cyprus (/wiki/Cyprus) 7 Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) 10 Costa Rica (/wiki/Costa_Rica) 4 Estonia (/wiki/Estonia) 2 France (/wiki/France) 3 Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(country)) 9 Greece (/wiki/Greece) 9 Iran (/wiki/Iran) 4 Italy (/wiki/Italy) 911 Kosovo (/wiki/Kosovo) 5 Latvia (/wiki/Latvia) 2 Lithuania (/wiki/Lithuania) 5 Macedonia (/wiki/North_Macedonia) 1 Moldova (/wiki/Moldova) 1 Montenegro (/wiki/Montenegro) 8 Peru (/wiki/Peru) 18 Poland (/wiki/Poland) 2 Portugal (/wiki/Portugal) 3 Romania (/wiki/Romania) 1 Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) 13 Serbia (/wiki/Serbia) 9 Slovakia (/wiki/Slovakia) 2 Slovenia (/wiki/Slovenia) 19 Spain (/wiki/Spain) 49 Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) 3 Tunisia (/wiki/Tunisia) 3 Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) 5 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "OVS S.P.A. sustainability report 2020" (https://wecare.ovscorporate.it/pdf/dnf_ovs_2020_eng_def.pdf) (PDF) . ovscorporte.it . Retrieved 1 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Store locator | OVS S.p.a." (http://negozi.ovs.it/it/negozi/italia.aspx) www.ovs.it . Retrieved 29 March 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cosa è successo a OVS" (http://www.ilpost.it/2014/09/18/ovs/) . Il Post . 18 September 2014 . Retrieved 6 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Storia | Ovs S.p.a." (http://www.ovscorporate.it/it/chi-siamo/storia) www.ovscorporate.it . Retrieved 6 December 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Ovs e Upim in Borsa per ridurre il super debito di Coin" (http://www.repubblica.it/economia/finanza/2015/02/15/news/ovs_e_upim_bc_partners_le_porta_in_borsa_per_ridurre_il_super_debito-107325467/) . Repubblica.it . 14 February 2015 . Retrieved 6 December 2016 . Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Companies (/wiki/Portal:Companies) This Italian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Lace-making machine invented in 1846 Machine lace curtains 1918 Spooling on a Nottingham lace curtain machine 1918 The lace curtain machine is a lace machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) invented by John Livesey in Nottingham in 1846. It was an adaptation of John Heathcoat's bobbinet machine (/wiki/Bobbinet) . It made the miles of curtaining which screened Victorian and later windows. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell20078-1) History [ edit ] The forerunner of the mechanical lace-making machine was the 1589 stocking frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) . This is a weaving frame fitted with a bar of bearded needles that passed back and forth, to and from the operator. There was no warp. The beards were simultaneously depressed by a presser bar catching the weft and holding it back for a course, making a row of loops. After Jeremiah Strutt (/wiki/Jedediah_Strutt) had modified the machine in 1759 to make it capable of ribbing (/wiki/Derby_Rib) , in 1764 Hammond introduced a tickler stick (/w/index.php?title=Tickler_stick&action=edit&redlink=1) to transfer the loops 2 or 3 gaits sideways. In this way, mechanical lace-making was born. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198621-2) But there was no carriage or comb, and the operations continued to be performed sequentially by the operator. Invented by John Livesey in Nottingham in 1846, the lace curtain machine was initially seen as a form of a Leavers machine (/wiki/Leavers_machine) - a modification of the Circular. The Leavers mesh tends to be hexagonal, while the Curtain machine produces a straight mesh. The use of Jacquards (/wiki/Jacquard_weaving) for producing patterned lace (/wiki/Lace) was well established. At the 1851 Great Exhibition (/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition) , curtains 5 yards (460 cm) long by 2 yards (180 cm) wide were displayed. Their extensive designs required over 12,000 Jacquard cards. The curtain lace industry prospered with the advent of the fashion for large rising sash windows. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986174–175-3) The width of the frame ultimately increased to 420 inches (11 m), and in 1928 a machine of 300 inches (7.6 m) was considered to be the smallest viable size. Its supremacy was challenged in 1900 by the popularity of Schiffli embroideries (/wiki/Schiffli_lace) produced on the bobbinet, then in the 1950s by the Raschel [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986175-4) and the use of artificial fibres. Section of a lace machine as shown in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. No Jacquard has been fitted. Description [ edit ] Viewed from the front, the frame is similar to that of a Leavers machine (/wiki/Leavers_machine) . However, its action is different, as it produces a square net rather than a hexagonal one. The Nottingham lace curtain machine only has one warp, and the patterning threads are carried on a spool, not on a beam. The terms to describe the actions are the same as those used for a Leavers machine: rise, fall, right, left, sley, carriage, comb etc. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986176-5) The lace is collected at the top, unlike the Pusher machine (/wiki/Pusher_machine) , where it is collected at the bottom. Collection is via a take-up beam; a spiky roller beneath it called the porcupine regulated the take-up tension. The curtain machine [ edit ] There are four groups of thread: warp, top board, bottom board and bobbin. On a 10-point, 360-inch machine there are four groups of 3,600 threads, making a total of 14,400 threads. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986176-5) (The term 'point' refers to the number of warps per inch.) The warp passes down the lace in straight lines. The warp beam is at the bottom; the thread passes through a sley, and then through the front guide bar (also known as the warp bar). The warp bar is controlled by a cam. All the warps remain in parallel; they cannot pattern. Their function is to generate the skeletal support for the fabric. The top board threads can act as both warp and weft - they can pillar to the weft, or they can shog gaits in the pattern as weft. The threads pass through tensioning springs, then through a sley and through holes in the back guide bar (third bar, coarse spool bar). The bottom board (also known as a Swiss board or occasionally beam) was not present in the early machines. It acts as the weft in both the ground and the pattern. This contains the finer threads. If the pattern is complex, spools must be used, but a beam can be used where the pattern is fairly even. The threads pass through a tensioning spring and through holes in the middle guide bar (also known as a Swiss bar or fine spool bar). The bobbin threads tie the top and bottom board threads to the pillars. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986176-5) The bobbin threads are carried on brass bobbins held in carriages that are swung back and forth on combs in a pushing and catching routine. Pillaring is controlled by the pillaring cam; when the net is being made the pillars must be connected, which can be done by the spool threads (top or bottom board). These are secured each time by the bobbin threads. Patterning or gimping is created by using longer shogs on the spool threads. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986180,_182-6) There are three guide bars controlled by work cams. These allow a shogging movement across 2, 3 or 4 gaits. The cams cannot be stopped, but threads in the middle and back bars can be interrupted by a Jacquard mechanism. [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986180-7) Each bobbin thread has its own jack - a steel wire that can interrupt its movement and create a hole in the pattern, in effect leaving off a tie. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986183,_184-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrell20078_1-0) Farrell 2007 (#CITEREFFarrell2007) , p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw198621_2-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 21. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986174–175_3-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 174–175. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986175_4-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 175. ^ Jump up to: a b c Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 176. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986180,_182_6-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 180, 182. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986180_7-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , p. 180. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEarnshaw1986183,_184_8-0) Earnshaw 1986 (#CITEREFEarnshaw1986) , pp. 183, 184. Bibliography [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lacemaking machines (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lacemaking_machines) . Earnshaw, Pat (1986). Lace Machines and Machine Laces . Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0713446846 . Farrell, Jeremy (2007). "Identifying Handmade and Machine Lace" (http://www.dressandtextilespecialists.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Lace-Booklet.pdf) (PDF) . DATS (Dress and Textile Specialists) in partnership with the V&A. v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐qr5rj Cached time: 20240721004625 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.316 seconds Real time usage: 0.438 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1308/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37730/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1912/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18877/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.210/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6551013/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 375.475 1 -total 26.54% 99.640 1 Template:Lace_types 25.91% 97.295 3 Template:Navbox 18.81% 70.631 1 Template:Cite_book 17.22% 64.646 1 Template:Short_description 13.37% 50.189 1 Template:Commons_category 12.99% 48.781 1 Template:Sister_project 12.65% 47.495 1 Template:Side_box 11.96% 44.904 10 Template:Sfn 9.03% 33.903 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52499523-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721004625 and revision id 1151326416. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine&oldid=1151326416 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine&oldid=1151326416) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lace-making machinery (/wiki/Category:Lace-making_machinery) 1846 introductions (/wiki/Category:1846_introductions) English inventions (/wiki/Category:English_inventions) Industrial Revolution in England (/wiki/Category:Industrial_Revolution_in_England) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Commons category link is locally defined (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined)
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