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Mandaean mouth-veil Pandama Left: A Mandaean wearing a burzinqa (/wiki/Burzinqa) (turban) and pandama (cloth covering the mouth) with a margna (/wiki/Margna) (staff), at a 2019 Parwanaya (/wiki/Parwanaya) festival in Maysan Governorate (/wiki/Maysan_Governorate) , Iraq Type mouth-veil Material cloth Place of origin southern Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) and southwestern Iran (/wiki/Iran) The pandama ( Classical Mandaic (/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language) : ࡐࡀࡍࡃࡀࡌࡀ ) is a mouth- veil (/wiki/Veil) worn by Mandaean (/wiki/Mandaeans) men during baptismal (/wiki/Masbuta) ceremonial rituals. It is the lower end of a cloth wrapped around the mouth and lower face to protect from water during immersion. The upper end of the cloth is used as a turban ( burzinqa (/wiki/Burzinqa) ). [1] (#cite_note-Buckley_2002-1) In the Qolasta [ edit ] Further information: Qolasta § List of prayers (/wiki/Qolasta#List_of_prayers) Several prayers in the Qolasta (/wiki/Qolasta) are recited when putting on and loosening the pandama, including prayers 7 (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_7) and 55 (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_55) . [2] (#cite_note-Drower_1959-2) Symbolism [ edit ] According to Shahram Ebadfardzadeh, an Iranian-American yalufa (learned Mandaean layperson) in San Antonio (/wiki/San_Antonio) , Texas, United States, "when the priest officiates, he is an angel, and his lower face must not be seen, but covered up." [3] (#cite_note-Buckley_2023-3) : 29 See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Mandaean priest § Clothing (/wiki/Mandaean_priest#Clothing) Litham (/wiki/Litham) , a similar veil covering the lower face worn by Tuareg men Alasho (/wiki/Alasho) , a similar turban veil worn by Hausa men References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Buckley_2002_1-0) Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people (PDF) . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-19-515385-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 65198443 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65198443) . ^ (#cite_ref-Drower_1959_2-0) Drower, E. S. (1959). The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans . Leiden: E. J. Brill. ^ (#cite_ref-Buckley_2023_3-0) Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2023). 1800 Years of Encounters with Mandaeans . Gorgias Mandaean Studies. Vol. 5. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4632-4132-2 . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1935-441X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1935-441X) . v t e Mandaeism (/wiki/Mandaeism) People Mandaeans (/wiki/Mandaeans) Mandaean Americans (/wiki/Mandaean_Americans) Mandaean Australians (/wiki/Mandaean_Australians) Mandaeans in Sweden (/wiki/Mandaeans_in_Sweden) Sabians (/wiki/Sabians) Nasoraeans (/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans) Historical identities Essenes (/wiki/Essenes) Gnostics (/wiki/Gnosticism) Priesthood (/wiki/Mandaean_priest) Titles Rishama (/wiki/Rishama) Ganzibra (/wiki/Ganzibra) Tarmida (/wiki/Tarmida) ( Shganda (/wiki/Shganda) ) Individuals ( List of Mandaean priests (/wiki/List_of_Mandaean_priests) ) Shlama beth Qidra (/wiki/Shlama_beth_Qidra) Zazai of Gawazta (/wiki/Zazai_of_Gawazta) Anush bar Danqa (/wiki/Anush_bar_Danqa) Yahya Bihram (/wiki/Yahya_Bihram) Ram Zihrun (/wiki/Ram_Zihrun) Bibia Mudalal (/wiki/Bibia_Mudalal) Abdullah Khaffagi (/wiki/Abdullah_Khaffagi) Negm bar Zahroon (/wiki/Negm_bar_Zahroon) Abdullah bar Negm (/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Negm) Abdullah bar Sam (/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Sam) Dakhil Aidan (/wiki/Dakhil_Aidan) Jabbar Choheili (/wiki/Jabbar_Choheili) Salah Choheili (/wiki/Salah_Choheili) Najah Choheili (/wiki/Najah_Choheili) Taleb Doraji (/wiki/Taleb_Doraji) Khaldoon Majid Abdullah (/wiki/Khaldoon_Majid_Abdullah) Sahi Bashikh (/wiki/Sahi_Bashikh) Sattar Jabbar Hilow (/wiki/Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow) Yuhana Nashmi (/wiki/Yuhana_Nashmi) Brikha Nasoraia (/wiki/Brikha_Nasoraia) Rafid al-Sabti (/wiki/Rafid_al-Sabti) Institutions Mandaean Council of Ahvaz (/wiki/Mandaean_Council_of_Ahvaz) Literature (/wiki/List_of_Mandaic_manuscripts) Main texts Ginza Rabba (/wiki/Ginza_Rabba) Right Ginza (/wiki/Right_Ginza) Left Ginza (/wiki/Left_Ginza) Mandaean Book of John (/wiki/Mandaean_Book_of_John) Prayers Qolasta (/wiki/Qolasta) Niana (/wiki/Niana) Rushma (/wiki/Rushma) Asiet Malkia (/wiki/Asiet_Malkia) Rahma (/wiki/Rahma_(Mandaeism)) Tabahatan (/wiki/Tabahatan) Shumhata (/wiki/Shumhata) Ritual texts The Wedding of the Great Shishlam (/wiki/The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam) Scroll of the Parwanaya (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya) Scroll of the Great Baptism (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Great_Baptism) Scroll of the Ancestors (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Ancestors) Zihrun Raza Kasia (/wiki/Zihrun_Raza_Kasia) Esoteric texts The Thousand and Twelve Questions (/wiki/The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions) Scroll of Exalted Kingship (/wiki/Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship) The Coronation of the Great Shishlam (/wiki/The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam) Alma Rišaia Rba (/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba) Alma Rišaia Zuṭa (/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa) The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa (/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa) Scroll of Abatur (/wiki/Scroll_of_Abatur) Dmut Kušṭa (/wiki/Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa) Secrets of the Ancestors (/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Ancestors) Scroll of the Rivers (/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Rivers) Book of the Zodiac (/wiki/Book_of_the_Zodiac) Historical texts Haran Gawaita (/wiki/Haran_Gawaita) Apotropaic (/wiki/Apotropaic_magic) texts Incantation bowls (/wiki/Incantation_bowl) Lead rolls (/wiki/Mandaic_lead_rolls) Cosmology (/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology) Tibil (/wiki/Tibil) Yardna (/wiki/Yardna) World of Light (/wiki/World_of_Light) Hayyi Rabbi (/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi) Shkina (/wiki/Shkinta) Piriawis (/wiki/Piriawis) Mshunia Kushta (/wiki/Mshunia_Kushta) Tarwan (/wiki/Tarwan) Yasana (/wiki/Yasana) Uthras (/wiki/Uthra) Yushamin (/wiki/Yushamin) Abatur (/wiki/Abatur) Ptahil (/wiki/Ptahil) Hibil (/wiki/Hibil) Shitil (/wiki/Shitil) Anush (/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)) Sam Ziwa (/wiki/Sam_Ziwa) Manda d-Hayyi (/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi) Shilmai (/wiki/Shilmai) Nidbai (/wiki/Nidbai) Adathan and Yadathan (/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan) Yufin-Yufafin (/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin) Urfeil and Marfeil (/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil) Tar and Tarwan (/wiki/Tarwan) Bihram (/wiki/Bihram) Zihrun (/wiki/Zihrun) Etinsib Ziwa (/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa) Nbat (/wiki/Nbat) Nsab (/wiki/Nsab) Gubran (/wiki/Gubran) Shihlun (/wiki/Shihlun) Yura (/wiki/Yura_(Mandaeism)) Yurba (/wiki/Yurba) Yukabar (/wiki/Yukabar) Yukashar (/wiki/Yukashar) Yawar Ziwa (/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa) Simat Hayyi (/wiki/Simat_Hayyi) Saureil (/wiki/Saureil) Concepts Anana (/wiki/Anana_(Mandaeism)) Gufna (/wiki/Gufna) Ziwa (/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)) Intermediary realms Matarta (/wiki/Matarta) Hitfun (/wiki/Hitfun) Shahrat (/wiki/Shahrat) Shatrin (/wiki/Shatrin) World of Darkness (/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)) Sea of Suf (/wiki/Sea_of_Suf) Siniawis (/wiki/Siniawis) Mšiha (/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism) Demons (/wiki/Demons_in_Mandaeism) Ruha (/wiki/Ruha) Ur (/wiki/Ur_(Mandaeism)) Krun (/wiki/Krun) Gaf (/wiki/Gaf_(Mandaeism)) Qin (/wiki/Qin_(Mandaeism)) Anathan (/wiki/Anathan) Shdum (/wiki/Shdum) Giu (/wiki/Giu_(Mandaeism)) Hag and Mag (/wiki/Hag_and_Mag) Zartai-Zartanai (/wiki/Zartai-Zartanai) Zahreil (/wiki/Zahreil) Planets (/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology#Planets) Shamish (/wiki/Shamish) (Sun) Libat (/wiki/Libat) (Venus) Nbu (/wiki/Nbu) (Mercury) Sin (/wiki/Sin_(Mandaeism)) (Moon) Kiwan (/wiki/Kiwan) (Saturn) Bil (/wiki/Bil_(Mandaeism)) (Jupiter) Nirig (/wiki/Nirig) (Mars) Important figures Adam (/wiki/Adam) Seth (/wiki/Seth) Abel (/wiki/Abel) Enosh (/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)) Noah (/wiki/Noah) Shem (/wiki/Shem) Miriai (/wiki/Miriai) Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)) John the Baptist (/wiki/John_the_Baptist) Legendary figures Dinanukht (/wiki/Dinanukht) Shishlam (/wiki/Shishlam) Ezlat (/wiki/Ezlat) Concepts Kushta (/wiki/Kushta) (truth) Manda (/wiki/Manda_(Mandaeism)) (gnosis) Laufa (/wiki/Laufa) (communion) Dmuta (/wiki/Dmuta) (image) Nishimta (/wiki/Nishimta) (soul) Ruha (/wiki/Ruha#As_the_spirit) (spirit) Mana (/wiki/Mana_(Mandaeism)) (mind) Adam Kasia (/wiki/Adam_Kasia) (hidden Adam) Adam Pagria (/wiki/Adam_Pagria) (bodily Adam) Objects and symbols Drabsha (/wiki/Drabsha) (banner) Misha (/wiki/Misha_(Mandaeism)) (oil) Riha (/wiki/Riha_(Mandaeism)) (incense) Skandola (/wiki/Skandola) (talisman seal) Ritual food and drink Drinks Mambuha (/wiki/Mambuha) Halalta (/wiki/Halalta) Hamra (/wiki/Hamra_(Mandaeism)) Foods Pihta (/wiki/Pihta) Fatira (/wiki/Fatira) Sa (/wiki/Sa_(Mandaeism)) Meals Dukrana (/wiki/Dukrana) Lofani (/wiki/Lofani) Zidqa brikha (/wiki/Zidqa_brikha) Clothing Rasta (/wiki/Rasta_(Mandaeism)) (robe) Burzinqa (/wiki/Burzinqa) (turban) Pandama (mouth-veil) Himiana (/wiki/Himiana) (girdle) Margna (/wiki/Margna) (staff) Klila (/wiki/Klila) (wreath) Taga (/wiki/Taga_(Mandaeism)) (crown) Rituals and practices Masbuta (/wiki/Masbuta) (baptism) Tamasha (/wiki/Tamasha_(ablution)) (triple ablution) Rishama (/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)) (minor ablution) Masiqta (/wiki/Masiqta) (death mass) Qabin (/wiki/Qabin) (wedding) Brakha (/wiki/Brakha) (prayer) Bshuma (/wiki/Bshuma) Sauma (/wiki/Sauma) (fasting) Zidqa (/wiki/Zidqa) (almsgiving) Naming (/wiki/Mandaean_name) Buildings and structures Mandi (/wiki/Mandi_(Mandaeism)) Baghdad Mandi (/wiki/Sabian%E2%80%93Mandaean_Mandi_of_Baghdad) Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi (/wiki/Ganzibra_Dakhil_Mandi) Yahya Yuhana Mandi (/wiki/Yahya_Yuhana_Mandi) Wallacia Mandi (/wiki/Wallacia_Mandi) Shkinta (/wiki/Shkinta) Andiruna (/wiki/Andiruna) Calendar (/wiki/Mandaean_calendar) Feasts Dehwa Rabba (/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba) Feast of the Great Shishlam (/wiki/Feast_of_the_Great_Shishlam) Dehwa Hanina (/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina) Abu al-Haris (/wiki/Abu_al-Haris) Parwanaya (/wiki/Parwanaya) Dehwa Daimana (/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana) Months Daula (/wiki/Daula_(month)) Nuna (/wiki/Nuna_(month)) ʿmbra (/wiki/Embra_(month)) Taura (/wiki/Taura_(month)) Ṣilmia (/wiki/Silmia) Sarṭana (/wiki/Sartana_(month)) Aria (/wiki/Aria_(month)) Šumbulta (/wiki/Shumbulta) Qaina (/wiki/Qaina) Arqba (/wiki/Arqba) Hiṭia (/wiki/Hitia) Gadia (/wiki/Gadia_(month)) Epochs Adam and Eve (/wiki/Adam_and_Eve) Ram and Rud (/wiki/Ram_and_Rud) Shurbai and Sharhabeil (/wiki/Shurbai_and_Sharhabeil) Noah (/wiki/Noah) and Nuraita (/wiki/Noah%27s_wife#In_Mandaeism) Language Mandaic (/wiki/Mandaic_language) Neo-Mandaic (/wiki/Neo-Mandaic) Alphabet (/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet) Unicode block (/wiki/Mandaic_(Unicode_block)) Other topics Mandaean studies (/wiki/Mandaean_studies) Category (/wiki/Category:Mandaeism) · Outline (/wiki/Outline_of_Mandaeism) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_cap) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Chilote (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Boss of the Plains (/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains) Fruit (/wiki/Fruit_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Party (/wiki/Party_hat) Shower (/wiki/Shower_cap) Tin foil (/wiki/Tin_foil_hat) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_hat) Whoopee (/wiki/Whoopee_cap) Sports Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Baggy green (/wiki/Baggy_green) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Bicycle clip (/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Horse racing (/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_cap) Rally (/wiki/Rally_cap) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Green eyeshade (/wiki/Green_eyeshade) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Swimming (/wiki/Swim_cap) Water polo (/wiki/Water_polo_cap) Historical (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Beaver (/wiki/Beaver_hat) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Boudoir (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Boyar (/wiki/Boyar_hat) Bycocket (/wiki/Bycocket) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coal scuttle bonnet (/wiki/Coal_scuttle_bonnet) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Dolly Varden (/wiki/Dolly_Varden_(costume)) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Pamela (/wiki/Pamela_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Poke bonnet (/wiki/Poke_bonnet) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Toque (/wiki/Toque) Witch (/wiki/Witch_hat) Gediminas' Cap (/wiki/Gediminas%27_Cap) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Asian conical (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Aso Oke (/wiki/Aso_Oke_hat) Astrakhan (hat) (/wiki/Canadian_military_fur_wedge_cap) Ayam (/wiki/Ayam_(cap)) Balmoral bonnet (/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet) Bell-boy (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Beonggeoji (/wiki/Beonggeoji) Bhadgaunle Topi (/wiki/Bhadgaunle_Topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Blue bonnet (/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Coloured (/wiki/Coloured_hat) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cork (/wiki/Cork_hat) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Doppa (/wiki/Doppa) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_cap) Energy dome (/wiki/Energy_dome) Fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Four Winds (/wiki/Four_Winds_hat) Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Fulani (/wiki/Fulani_hat) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Gat (/wiki/Gat_(hat)) Glengarry (/wiki/Glengarry) Icelandic tail (/wiki/Icelandic_tail-cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jobawi (/wiki/Jobawi) Kalpak (/wiki/Kalpak) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kofia (/wiki/Kofia_(hat)) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Kuma (/wiki/Kuma_(cap)) Labbade (/wiki/Labbade) Lika (/wiki/Lika_cap) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Montenegrin (/wiki/Montenegrin_cap) Montera picona (/wiki/Montera_picona) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Nambawi (/wiki/Nambawi) Nón quai thao (/wiki/N%C3%B3n_quai_thao) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Paag (/wiki/Paag) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Papakha (/wiki/Papakha) Pashteen (/wiki/Pashteen_hat) Pungcha (/wiki/Pungcha) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Rastacap (/wiki/Rastacap) Šajkača (/wiki/%C5%A0ajka%C4%8Da) Salako (/wiki/Salako) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Senufo bird (/wiki/Senufo_bird) Shyade (/wiki/Shyade) Šibenik (/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik_cap) Sindhi 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Russian fashion designer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yulia_Yanina) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Yulia_Yanina) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Yulia_Yanina) . ( March 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Yulia Yanina" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yulia+Yanina%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yulia+Yanina%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Yulia+Yanina%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yulia+Yanina%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yulia+Yanina%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yulia+Yanina%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Yulia Yanina Born Saratov (/wiki/Saratov) , Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) Nationality Russian Occupation fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Years active 1993—present Notable work Yanina Couture Yulia Yanina (born in Saratov (/wiki/Saratov) ) is a Russian fashion designer. She is founder and creative director of the Yanina Fashion House, a family run venture. In 2021, the Fédération de la Houte Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/French_fashion) announced Yanina officially as Guest Member of the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , [1] (#cite_note-1) thus including Yanina Fashion House into the couture club that defines the history and the trends of global fashion. [2] (#cite_note-2) Starting from SS2022 season, Yanina Couture (whose collections have been shown at each Week since 2010 and whose creations are worn by top global celebrities at the biggest events and red carpets around the world) is listed on the FHCM’s calendar. [3] (#cite_note-3) Life [ edit ] Yanina has a degree in Arts. In 1993 she founded her own fashion house. [4] (#cite_note-aglo-4) In 2007, Yanina Couture debuted at AltaRomaAltaModa in Rome (/wiki/Rome) . [4] (#cite_note-aglo-4) Since 2010, her fashion house shows at the Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) [4] (#cite_note-aglo-4) and she dresses celebrities for red carpets like the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) . The Paris Fashion Institute has included the Yanina Fashion House study course into its program. Recognition [ edit ] Yanina was the first Russian fashion designer to partner with amFAR (/wiki/AmFAR) , the world’s largest charity organization. [5] (#cite_note-5) Yanina is a highly demanded celebrity dresser for ceremonies like the Oscars (/wiki/Academy_Awards) , [6] (#cite_note-6) Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) and more. The celebrity clientele list includes Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) , Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [ citation needed ] Yanina took part in the Animalia Fashion exhibition at the Uffizi Gallery (/wiki/Uffizi_Gallery) and in the Dentelles en Scéne show at the Musée de la Dentelle de Caudry (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_dentelle_de_Caudry) . To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Yanina Fashion House, the Russian Orthodox Spiritual and Cultural Centre (/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_and_the_Russian_Orthodox_Spiritual_and_Cultural_Center) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) held the 25 Years — 25 Iconic Dresses exhibit. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Kristen Bateman (2022-01-29). "Meet the New Guard of Haute Couture Designers" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a38915060/new-haute-couture-designers/) . Harper’s Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%E2%80%99s_Bazaar) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Anna Kinash (2022-01-28). "Юлия Янина — о новом статусе модного Дома Yanina, разнице между москвичками и парижанками и особенностях семейного дела" (https://www.vogue.ru/fashion/yuliya-yanina-o-novom-statuse-modnogo-doma-yanina-raznice-mezhdu-moskvichkami-i-parizhankami-i-osobennostyah-semejnogo-dela) . vogue.ru (in Russian). Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Yanina Couture**" (https://hautecouture.fhcm.paris/fr/) (in French). Haute Couture Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Olga Khlybova-Gasnier. "Yanina Couture" (https://aglography.com/yanina-couture) . Aglography. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Платье Yanina Couture среди лотов и другие новости аукциона amfAR Gala" (https://www.lofficielrussia.ru/moda/yanina-amfar) . lofficielrussia.ru (in Russian). L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . 2018-05-18. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Anna Fedina (2019-05-12). "Юлия Янина о том, как одевать звезд на "Оскара" и в Канны" (https://www.vogue.ru/peopleparties/news/yuliya_yanina_o_tom_kak_odevat_zvezd_na_oskara_i_v_kanny) . vogue.ru (in Russian). Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Vera Reyner (2016-08-23). "Модный блиц: Юлия Янина, Yanina Couture" (https://m.buro247.ru/fashion/fashion-industry/modnyy-blitc-yuliya-yanina.html) . buro247.ru (in Russian). Buro 24/7 (/wiki/Buro_24/7) . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://yaninacouture.com) Russia portal (/wiki/Portal:Russia) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐8q8x7 Cached time: 20240713221151 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.322 seconds Real time usage: 0.480 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2270/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57604/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10664/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35660/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.202/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7000460/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 448.128 1 -total 30.18% 135.245 3 Template:Ambox 26.19% 117.352 1 Template:Infobox_person 25.06% 112.302 1 Template:Reflist 21.76% 97.526 7 Template:Cite_web 19.14% 85.771 1 Template:Multiple_issues 14.89% 66.725 1 Template:Short_description 9.19% 41.173 1 Template:COI 8.75% 39.213 2 Template:Pagetype 6.61% 29.621 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69981653-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713221151 and revision id 1207000411. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yulia_Yanina&oldid=1207000411 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yulia_Yanina&oldid=1207000411) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Russian women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Russian_women_fashion_designers) People from Saratov (/wiki/Category:People_from_Saratov) Hidden categories: CS1 Russian-language sources (ru) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)) CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Wikipedia articles with possible conflicts of interest from March 2022 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_possible_conflicts_of_interest_from_March_2022) Articles with topics of unclear notability from March 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability_from_March_2022) All articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability) Biography articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:Biography_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability) Articles with multiple maintenance issues (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2022) Official website not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
American designer (1927–2020) Sara Penn Born 1927 ( 1927 ) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Died 2020 (aged 92–93) [1] (#cite_note-Ursula-1) New York, New York (/wiki/New_York,_New_York) , U.S. [2] (#cite_note-SC-2) Nationality American Alma mater Spelman College (/wiki/Spelman_College) Atlanta University (/wiki/Atlanta_University) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) New York City portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York_City) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Sara Penn (1927–2020) was the owner of Knobkerry, a clothing and antiques store, gallery, cultural center, and arts space in Downtown Manhattan (/wiki/Downtown_Manhattan) from the 1960s to the 1990s. Penn designed clothes that utilized global and historical textiles. Many of her clothing display strong African (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) , East (/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere) and Southeast Asian (/wiki/Southeast_Asia#Culture) , and Indigenous American (/wiki/Native_American_fashion) influences. She also maintained and displayed an inventory of art objects from across the globe. [2] (#cite_note-SC-2) Biography [ edit ] Sara Penn was born in Pittsburgh to an affluent African American family in 1927. Her great aunt followed Booker T. Washington (/wiki/Booker_T._Washington) 's urge to provide skilled training for newly freed slaves, teaching quilting and sewing. She opened a training school that grew to have over 200 students. Penn recognizes a closeness with this relative that she attributes her own career to. After attending Spelman College (/wiki/Spelman_College) , Penn earned a social work degree from Atlanta University (/wiki/Atlanta_University) , where she would take a religion class with Martin Luther King Jr. (/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.) She maintained her career as a social worker part-time even years into Knobkerry's success. [1] (#cite_note-Ursula-1) She traveled throughout Europe in the 1950s, living briefly in Paris (/wiki/Paris) and Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) . Eventually moving back to New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , she took a job as a social worker and began a romantic relationship with the painter Wolf Kahn (/wiki/Wolf_Kahn) . Kahn and Penn were regulars at the Cedar Bar (/wiki/Cedar_Tavern) where she met artists like Willem de Kooning (/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning) , Franz Kline (/wiki/Franz_Kline) and Joan Mitchell (/wiki/Joan_Mitchell) . [1] (#cite_note-Ursula-1) She began to apprentice at Phyllis Jewelry, a silver store on East 7th Street. Here she would meet not only her future business partners—Fumi Schmidt, a dancer and seamstress who sewed most of the creations and Olive Wong, a theatrical designer who procured textiles for Penn, [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) but also friend and contemporary Art Smith (/wiki/Art_Smith_(jeweler)) , a jeweler, and Barbara Shaum, a sandal maker whose shop adjoined McSorley's Bar and would eventually become Penn's first shopfront. [2] (#cite_note-SC-2) Knobkerry [ edit ] A typical knobkerrie (/wiki/Knobkerrie) Her store Knobkerry, was a reference to " The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_the_Black_Girl_in_Her_Search_for_God) ", a 1932 short story by George Bernard Shaw (/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw) . [2] (#cite_note-SC-2) In the allegorical satire the South African protagonist flees a mission with only her knobkerrie (/wiki/Knobkerrie) , a Zulu (/wiki/Zulu_people) fighting stick. She sets out for God, and anytime she comes across someone who tries to tell her who God is, she simply hits them with her knobkerrie and continues her search. [4] (#cite_note-The_Adventures_of_the_Black_Girl_in_Her_Search_for_God-4) The store changed locations numerous times, and other than a short stint in California, remained generally in Manhattan's Lower East Side. [2] (#cite_note-SC-2) The store dealt in both ready to wear garments and custom designs. The clothing were created onsite in the backroom of the shop. [5] (#cite_note-TWP-5) Alix Grès (/wiki/Alix_Gr%C3%A8s) was cited as an inspiration for their custom gowns. [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) The garments were noted for their utilization of cultural assemblage as well as their ability to be worn by either sex. [6] (#cite_note-SEP-6) Knobkerry was the site of several early exhibitions by American artist David Hammons (/wiki/David_Hammons) . Roberta Smith (/wiki/Roberta_Smith) reviewed an exhibition of Hammons work at Knobkerry's TriBeCa location – describing how Hammons combined the inventory of Knobkerry and some of his own work to create a constantly shifting sculptural installation. Many works created by Hammons for this exhibition only existed for the duration of the exhibition. One piece, titled Carpet Beater , was an adorned Kilim (/wiki/Kilim) rug with two dozen drumsticks. Another was a deflated basketball filled with rice, placed atop a tiny lounge chair with chewing gum on its underside, all placed within a glass case with shelves holding Japanese dolls, Indian bronzes, and wood or iron African figurines. Moving water was connected to the orifices of African masks to become small scale, functioning fountains. Also featured was a group portrait of a Black family, partially obscured by a hanging kimono (/wiki/Kimono) . A small Shinto shrine (/wiki/Shinto_shrine) was encircled with black-eyed peas. [7] (#cite_note-NYT2-7) This was the first time Hammons staged his Freudian Slip , a piece of lacy lingerie draped over a Yoruban Gẹlẹdẹ (/wiki/G%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9d%E1%BA%B9) mask. The show's existence was spread exclusively by word-of-mouth. [1] (#cite_note-Ursula-1) This exhibition was a perfect fit for Penn's store, whose trademark clothing had always been a patchwork of culturally specific textiles. [6] (#cite_note-SEP-6) Among numerous other publications, her designs were notably featured on the covers of Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) [8] (#cite_note-Esquire-8) and The Saturday Evening Post (/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post) , [6] (#cite_note-SEP-6) as well as several Virginia Slims (/wiki/Virginia_Slims) ad campaigns featuring Beverly Johnson (/wiki/Beverly_Johnson) for Essence (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) in 1977, [9] (#cite_note-Essence-9) and for Jet (/wiki/Jet_(magazine)) in 1975. [10] (#cite_note-Jet-10) It has been speculated (though never confirmed) that Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , a frequent customer of Knobkerry, was influenced by Penn's designs for his Spring/Summer 1967 collection. [1] (#cite_note-Ursula-1) Designs from Knobkerry utilizing Pakistani textiles (/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan) were sold in the museum shop to accompany a 1969 exhibition of Pakistani craftwork at the Smithsonian Institution (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) Arts and Industries Building (/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building) . [5] (#cite_note-TWP-5) Knobkerry officially closed its doors in 1998. [2] (#cite_note-SC-2) Oral history [ edit ] Svetlana Kitto compiled an oral history (/wiki/Oral_history) of Sara Penn and Knobkerry after researching a catalogue for Ken Tisa (/wiki/Ken_Tisa) 's exhibition at Gordon Robichaux Gallery, where she repeatedly came across Penn's name and mentions of Knobkerry. [11] (#cite_note-NYT3-11) This oral history was ultimately compiled for a 2021 exhibition at SculptureCenter (/wiki/SculptureCenter) –curated by interim director Kyle Dancewicz and including sculptures by Niloufar Emamifar (/w/index.php?title=Niloufar_Emamifar&action=edit&redlink=1) and SoiL Thornton (/w/index.php?title=SoiL_Thornton&action=edit&redlink=1) . [2] (#cite_note-SC-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kitto, Svetlana (October 19, 2021). "A Museum Disguised as a Shop" (https://www.hauserwirth.com/ursula/34934-museum-disguised-as-shop-sara-penn-knobkerry/) . Ursula . Hauser & Wirth (/wiki/Hauser_%26_Wirth) . Retrieved April 2, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Kitto, Svetlana (2022). Sara Penn's Knobkerry: An Oral History Sourcebook . Long Island City, NY: SculptureCenter (/wiki/SculptureCenter) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-7377186-0-4 . ^ Jump up to: a b Taylor, Angela (December 8, 1965). "Living -- and Shopping --Easy In 'East Village' Boutiques" (https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/12/08/95919005.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0) (PDF) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved April 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Adventures_of_the_Black_Girl_in_Her_Search_for_God_4-0) Shaw, George Bernard (/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw) (1932). The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God . London: Constable and Company (/wiki/Constable_and_Company) . ^ Jump up to: a b Le Sueur, Dorothy (December 7, 1969). "Third World Reflections". The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Paley, Maggie (July 27, 1968). "The Big Costume Put On". Saturday Evening Post (/wiki/Saturday_Evening_Post) . Curtis Publishing Company (/wiki/Curtis_Publishing_Company) . ^ (#cite_ref-NYT2_7-0) Smith, Roberta (/wiki/Roberta_Smith) (January 6, 1995). "Art Review; The New, Irreverent Approach to Mounting Exhibitions" (https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/06/arts/art-review-the-new-irreverent-approach-to-mounting-exhibitions.html) . New York Times . Retrieved April 1, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Esquire_8-0) "Chicks up Front!". Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . Hearst Corporation (/wiki/Hearst_Corporation) . February 1969. ^ (#cite_ref-Essence_9-0) "Virginia Slims". Essence (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) . August 1977. ^ (#cite_ref-Jet_10-0) "Virginia Slims". Jet (/wiki/Jet_(magazine)) . Johnson Publishing Company (/wiki/Johnson_Publishing_Company) . 1975. ^ (#cite_ref-NYT3_11-0) Trebay, Guy (October 21, 2021). "An East Village Boutique Where the Avant-Garde Gathered" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/21/style/knobkerry-east-village-boutique.html) . New York Times . Retrieved April 2, 2022 . 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Type of tape lace from Transylvania, Romania Romanian point lace, also called Hungarian point lace , macramé crochet , or simply Romanian lace , is a type of tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) originating in Transylvania, Romania (/wiki/Transylvania) . [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] The lace originated in the early 20th century. Romanian nuns travelled to Egypt and taught the technique to families of European descendants. In England, it known as "Hungarian point lace" because it originated in Transylvania, which was once part of Hungary. Romanian point lace was first mentioned in Coats Booklet #525 Doilies in Coats Mercer Crochet during late 1960s. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The lace was popularized in the U.S. by Romanian-born lace-makers Sylvia Murariu and Ioana Bodrojan: [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Murariu through her books, first published in 1966, [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) and Bodrojan through interviews with PieceWork magazine. [4] (#cite_note-4) Since the 1980's, Aenne Burda (/wiki/Aenne_Burda) 's Knitting and Needlecrafts magazine has published multiple articles about the technique, calling it "macramé crochet". [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Features [ edit ] Romanian point lace created by basting hand-crocheted cord to an intricate design and then filling in areas between the cord with needle lace and needle weaving. This technique uniquely employs a crochet hook as well as a needle to incorporate crochet and weaving techniques. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Instead of a pre-made tape, as is typical in other tape laces (such as Battenberg lace (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) ), a specially crocheted cord is used, which has loops along the sides to which cords are connected for needle weaving. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Thompson, Angela (2003). Romanian point lace . Kathleen Waller. London: Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7134-8832-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 51966649 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51966649) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "ROMANIAN POINT LACE" (https://crochet.craftgossip.com/romanian-point-lace/) . Crochet . 2009-01-15 . Retrieved 2022-04-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Romanian Lace" (https://lacismuseum.org/exhibit/romanian_lace/romanian_lace.html#:~:text=Romanian%20Lace,%20also%20referred%20to,lace%20infillings%20define%20the%20texture.) . lacismuseum.org . Retrieved 2022-04-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Elwell, Bart. "Ioana Bodrojan’s Romanian Point Lace." PieceWork, January-February 2001 Issue. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Romanian Point Lace" (https://www.nordicneedle.net/guides/stitching-techniques-guides/lace-techniques/romanian-point-lace/) . Retrieved 2022-04-07 . External links [ edit ] Romanian Point Lace by Angela Thompson & Kathleen Waller (https://vdocument.in/romanian-point-lace.html?page=1) v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐mn2gn Cached time: 20240720124855 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.335 seconds Real time usage: 0.416 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 622/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34908/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 648/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24078/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.212/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4194452/52428800 bytes Number of 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This article may require copy editing (/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting) for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling . You can assist by editing it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fast_fashion_in_China) . ( October 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Fast fashion brands popular in China Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) is a term used to represent cheap, trendy clothing that is made to replicate higher end fashion (/wiki/Fashion) trends. As of 2019, China (/wiki/China) remains the leading producer of fast fashion clothing. [1] (#cite_note-1) Many sweatshops (/wiki/Sweatshop) are located in China, where the workers are underpaid and overworked in unsafe environments. China produces 65% of the world's clothing, [2] (#cite_note-2) with a majority of these clothes being labeled as "fast fashion". The top ten competitors in the fast fashion market make up 29.13% of the whole fashion market in 2020. [3] (#cite_note-3) History of fast fashion in China [ edit ] After recent years of tremendous economic growth in China, fast fashion consumption made its way into the lives of not only Chinese people but worldwide as well. Brands such as Shein (/wiki/Shein_(company)) , Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) , and Zaful have dominated the fashion world. Residents in populated cities such as Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) are starting to favor fast fashion brands over big name brands in order to keep up with fashion trends. Fast fashion can contribute significantly to the economy. In 2021, the fashion industry generated $31 billion globally. [4] (#cite_note-4) China in specific accounts for 32% of total brand clothing sales in 2017 alone. [5] (#cite_note-5) The rapid consumption lifestyle that China has taken on has contributed to the increase of fast fashion. The use of inexpensive materials and labor contributes to China's ability to maintain high production levels while keeping their economic debt minimal. By producing more fast fashion pieces, the economy benefits. [6] (#cite_note-6) However, rapid production of fashion comes at a cost of perpetuating the climate crisis, such as through marine pollution, cotton cultivation, and increased carbon emissions. Fast fashion exists not only because it helps the economy, but because it fulfills a high consumption lifestyle popular in Western countries. [7] (#cite_note-7) In addition, the way in which fast fashion is marketed contributes to its fast consumption. Fast fashion clothing is meant to be worn for the duration of a short-term trend. Once the trend is over, it may be disposed of, and its affordability encourages lack of guilt over its fast consumption. [8] (#cite_note-8) The amount of clothing that is quickly bought and then quickly discarded increases the amount of waste being produced, exacerbating its environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) . Concept [ edit ] Low wages and labor-intensive operations have historically characterized the garment industry. However, in the past two decades, China's globalization (/wiki/Globalization) has led to the proliferation of the fast fashion industry, appealing to developing nations due to its inexpensive labor and lenient regulations. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) This has resulted in an industry marked by overconsumption and waste. In previous years, trendy (/wiki/Fad) fashion was a luxury and could only be bought at a high cost. But recently, that is different as developing countries race to produce these cheap pieces of clothing to satisfy their foreign investors overseas. Its success is its broad appeal to various tastes, attracting many consumers. A key aspect of fast fashion is that it is fast. Fast fashion brands produce their garments quickly so they are sold to the market as soon as possible. [10] (#cite_note-10) Notable companies [ edit ] Shein [ edit ] This paragraph is an excerpt from Shein (/wiki/Shein) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shein&action=edit) ] Shein (/wiki/Shein) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ ʃ iː ɪ n / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) SHEE -in ; styled as SHEIN; Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 希音 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Xīyīn ) is a fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) retailer. Founded in Nanjing (/wiki/Nanjing) , China, in October 2008 as ZZKKO by entrepreneur Chris Xu, Shein grew to become the world's largest fashion retailer as of 2022. The company is currently headquartered in Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) . Known for selling relatively inexpensive apparel, Shein's success has been credited to its popularity among Generation Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) consumers. [11] (#cite_note-Shein_PRS-11) The company was initially compared to a drop shipping (/wiki/Drop_shipping) business, as it was not involved in design and manufacturing, instead sourcing products from the wholesale clothing market in Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-Shein_:0-13) Beginning in 2012, Shein began to establish its own supply chain system, transforming itself into a fully integrated retailer. [13] (#cite_note-Shein_:0-13) The company has established its supply chain in Guangzhou with a network of more than 3,000 suppliers as of 2022. However, it has faced controversy due to its use of Chinese sweatshops (/wiki/Sweatshops) and child labor. [14] (#cite_note-Shein_:9-14) In 2022, the company fully moved its headquarters from China to Singapore for regulatory, international expansion, and financial reasons – while keeping its supply chains and warehouses in China. [15] (#cite_note-Shein_:13-15) In 2022, Shein generated US$24 billion in revenue, a sum almost as large as established retailers Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) and H&M (/wiki/H%26M) . [14] (#cite_note-Shein_:9-14) Shein was valued at $100 billion after a funding round in April 2022. [16] (#cite_note-16) According to Bloomberg Businessweek (/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek) and others, Shein's business model has benefitted from the China–United States trade war (/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war) , particularly in regards to tax advantages. [17] (#cite_note-Shein_:02-17) In recent years, Shein has found itself in the middle of trademark disputes, lawsuits involving competitors, product safety (/wiki/Product_safety) concerns, as well as accusations of tax evasion (/wiki/Tax_evasion) and being involved in labor law and human rights (/wiki/Human_rights) violations. [18] (#cite_note-18) Uniqlo [ edit ] Uniqlo stores in China are concentrated around higher income regions. Uniqlo, a Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_cuisine) owned brand was founded in 1974 by Tadashi Yanai. [19] (#cite_note-19) They are known for their modern casual apparel and essential, multi-functional garments. [20] (#cite_note-20) Despite China's growing anti-Japanese sentiment, this brand has secured 1.4% of China's $350 billion apparel market in 2021 which is larger than any other brand that year. [21] (#cite_note-21) Uniqlo is not only a hit in China but the rest of the world as well with 43 stores in the US alone. [22] (#cite_note-22) The difference between Uniqlo and most other fast fashion brand is that Uniqlo's garments are well-made while still staying at an affordable price point. Many Chinese people associate Japanese goods to the highest caliber of quality. Uniqlo's success story has to do with their timing, Yanai created the brand around when the Chinese middle class was increasing. In terms of how ethical and environmentally friendly Uniqlo is, they have not made sufficient progress. As most brands, they have set a climate change target to reduce CO2 emissions. In their 2021 sustainability report, they outline steps to reducing water usage in jeans by 99%, reducing single-use plastic and educating cotton farmers agricultural chemicals. [23] (#cite_note-uniqlo.com-23) In 2020, Uniqlo's in Japan increased their use of LED lights leading to a 38.7% decrease of greenhouse gas emissions. [23] (#cite_note-uniqlo.com-23) While these statistics are on the brand's page, these targets are not accepted in the scientific communities as ways to limit global warming. [24] (#cite_note-24) Inditex [ edit ] The most notable success story is Inditex which owns companies such as Zara and Bershka. Since opening in 2007-2019 they have opened over 330 stores in China. [25] (#cite_note-25) But Zara is growing twice as fast as H&M due to their focus on value rather than price. [26] (#cite_note-26) Fast fashion, the term, was coined by the New York Times in the 90's due to Zara's ability to produce a garment from start to finish in less than 20 days. [27] (#cite_note-imperfectidealist.com-27) Inditex is a large brand with a new worth of $17.2 billion. [28] (#cite_note-28) With their abundance of wealth, it is expected that this company produces greener. Inditex has targets to source fabrics more sustainably by 2025 and to have nothing sent to the landfills by 2023. [27] (#cite_note-imperfectidealist.com-27) It is not uncommon that brands have recycling progr [29] (#cite_note-asia.nikkei.com-29) am policies implemented but the true test is whether they follow through on them. H&M protest [ edit ] Xinjiang, a province in Northwest China is strategically important for China as it is not only the largest region there but also a central hub for trading. While it is one of their poorest communities, it has a high economic development. [30] (#cite_note-30) It is important because it has a plentiful of natural resources and with the addition of the Silk Road Economic Belt Project, Xinjiang is essential for China's economic growth. [31] (#cite_note-31) Xinjiang also sources nearly 90% of China's cotton outputting over 5.2 million tonnes. [32] (#cite_note-32) Not only that, but Xinjiang engages in detrimental human right's violations against the Muslim minority in China. [33] (#cite_note-33) Due to this, companies have started to target this region. The United States for example, have imposed sanction on companies that are sourced from Xinjiang. These companies include H&M, Nike, and Zara. [34] (#cite_note-34) In response, H&M has completely cut off Xinjiang from its production chain. Celebrities have openly cut off connections with these companies. H&M is facing a huge boycott from Western apparel brands because they have not taken action against the allegations. [35] (#cite_note-35) Actor Huang Xuan, a brand ambassador for H&M in 2020 told CNN that they would never work with the company due to the recent allegations. [36] (#cite_note-36) Beijing sent out a statement that these allegations are false and that the West is spreading lies. [29] (#cite_note-asia.nikkei.com-29) Nonetheless, many H&M shops in China have been forced to close despite their protests to the allegations. COVID-19 [ edit ] Further information: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) As with many other industry's, in its peak, COVID (/wiki/COVID-19) put a pause on the textile industry. China implemented a Zero-Covid (/wiki/Zero-COVID) policy in August 2021. [37] (#cite_note-37) This reduced the amount of goods that could be shipped into China during a period of time. This policy negatively impacted fashion brands because it slowed down their production and reduced their shipments. But COVID-19 did not stop fast fashion altogether in the future. Zara's sales in 2020 made less than half of Shein's sales which is a threat due to Zara's continued popularity. [38] (#cite_note-38) Shein doubled its sales during 2020, with 35% of those sales accounting for Western clients. The reason for Shein's success even during a pandemic is due to their incredibly inexpensive clothing. Especially during a time of economic crisis and income shortages, cheap was the way to go. Environmental impact [ edit ] Further information: Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Despite the economic boost that the textile industry is providing, it also contributes negatively to the growing climate crisis. The fashion industry accounts for 10% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. [39] (#cite_note-Sumner-39) In recent years, fast fashion has majorly contributed to more plastic entering the ocean, overconsumption of goods, and increasing carbon emissions. In 2018, more than 10 different UN organizations pledged to establish a UN Alliance on Sustainable Fashion. [40] (#cite_note-40) Water usage [ edit ] The fashion industry is the second most-water intensive industry worldwide. [41] (#cite_note-41) Around 90 billion cubic meters of water are used every year for the fashion industry. [42] (#cite_note-42) Most of the clothing pieces made come from cotton and cotton requires more water for production than any other crop. [43] (#cite_note-43) Water is considered a luxury in some countries and the textile industry, consuming masses amounts of water add to this scarcity. Water usage accounts for 6% of all CO2 emissions in China. [44] (#cite_note-44) Thus, the fashion industry usage of water negatively impacts our climate. Marine pollution [ edit ] On average, between the years 2000 to 2014, worldwide we have bought 60% more clothes and much of this growth is driven by China's new craving to keep up with cheap new trends. [45] (#cite_note-mmj1-45) It is not only the consumption of new clothes that drives this marine pollution. Polyester, a common material used in clothing manufacturing, sheds thousands of microfibers each time it is washed leading to a total of 500,000 tons of microfibers, equivalent to 50 billion plastic bottles, dumped into the ocean each year. [45] (#cite_note-mmj1-45) It is estimated that one load of laundry produces up to 700,000 microfibers and microscopic forms of plastic, though invisible to the naked eye, are not harmless. A large portion of these plastics end up on the ocean floor and do not decompose. They are consumed by fish and other marine species allowing them to enter into the food chain. This not only causes harm to marine life, but also poisons the food that us humans rely on as well. As China enters this new age of extreme consumption, similar to the west, it also enters an age where fast-paced clothing trends increasingly poison our food and pollute our oceans. [46] (#cite_note-46) Cotton cultivation [ edit ] To produce 1 kg of cotton, it takes nearly 15,000 liters of water. [47] (#cite_note-47) Since not all cotton is grown in rain-fed areas, it requires additional irrigation which also adds to CO2 emissions on top of water usage. More than 60% of all cotton production comes from irrigated farms. [39] (#cite_note-Sumner-39) In places that where cotton is grown in rain-fed areas are also areas that face drought issues. After the piece is made from cotton, it needs to be dyed which takes in a lot of heat, releasing harmful chemicals into surrounding waters and air. Viscose production [ edit ] Viscose (/wiki/Rayon) is marketed as a sustainable alternative to cotton polyester. It is made from trees, so inherently it is not toxic to the environment. But because of the mass amount of viscose needed for the growing fast fashion industry, is manufactured cheaply. [48] (#cite_note-48) Viscose is mainly manufactured in Southeast Asia with China representing 66% of production in 2015. [49] (#cite_note-49) These manufactures also dump untreated wastewater containing a multitude of chemicals. One major chemical is carbon disulphide (/wiki/Carbon_disulfide) , a solvent that is linked to severe medical conditions. [50] (#cite_note-50) Upon touch it can burn through skin and cause severe eye damage. This is one of the many chemicals that's dumped in oceans hurting marine life. Viscose production in 2015 The wood pulp that viscose is made out raises high concerns for the environmental committee as dissolving this material wastes 70% of the tree. [51] (#cite_note-51) This production has been linked to deforestation specifically in the Indonesia rainforests. Deforestation is one of the main contributors of climate change. [52] (#cite_note-52) Pesticides [ edit ] Pesticides pose a major problem to our crops. Cotton is the most pesticides sprayed crop. Due to this heavy amount of chemicals, cotton production needs massive amounts of freshwater to wash it out. [53] (#cite_note-53) In addition most cotton that is grown is genetically modified (/wiki/Genetically_modified) to pest which lead to the problem of super-weeds later on. These weeds need to be treated with more pesticides that is harmful to not only humans but livestock as well. [54] (#cite_note-54) Overconsumption [ edit ] Global consumption of apparel has risen to around 62 million tonnes per year. [55] (#cite_note-55) Due to the cheap production of clothes, they are worn only a few times before they are tossed. Nearly 85% of textiles end up in landfills every year. [56] (#cite_note-56) Unlike clothing that is made sustainably with better materials that can be worn for years and passed down. In order for brands to keep up with current trends and continuing competing in the market, it is vital for them to fulfill consumer's demand. This leads to a constant cycle of overconsumption of goods. Especially in recent years, the time it takes for a trend to go out of style has decreased leading to an increase of clothes being thrown out. [57] (#cite_note-57) As consumers and producers continue to welcome the era of fast fashion, clothes will be worn less and less times. Carbon emission [ edit ] Further information: Greenhouse gas emissions by China (/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_China) CO2 emissions (/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions) are a huge contributor to climate change. China emits 13% of total CO2 emissions globally estimating around 7.7 tons per person. [58] (#cite_note-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request-58) China participates in the Paris agreement where nations hope to achieve peak CO2 emissions by 2030 and net-zero emissions before 2060. [59] (#cite_note-59) On estimation, if China were to continue emitting CO2 levels at the rate it's going, they would use a-lot of the carbon budget by 2050. [58] (#cite_note-Web_Login_Service_-_Stale_Request-58) The fashion industry is responsible for 10% of annual global CO2 emissions. In 2018, the fashion industry was also responsible for 2.1 billion metric tons of GHG emissions. This percentage equates to total amount of GHGs used for the entire economy of France, United Kingdom, and Germany combined. [60] (#cite_note-60) The reason for this ties into the speed at which clothes from fast fashion brands are made. They are made in factories that have little to no safety regulations and push out clothes at an unbelievable pace. As seen in the picture to the right, the highest GHG emitter regions also happen to be the richer region such as Beijing and Shanghai. Both these provinces are also the leading fashion hubs in China. Not only that, but Beijing and Shanghai make up almost 50 million people. [61] (#cite_note-61) That is why these cities emit the highest GHG emitters, due to not only the mass production of clothes but also other products. Transportation [ edit ] After the piece is made, the carbon footprint does not stop there. While not all fast fashion brands produce their clothing in China, to make a piece, the materials can come from all over. This requires the transportation of goods through boat or plane. Transportation accounted for 15-20% of the total percent of emissions each year. [62] (#cite_note-62) Regardless of whether you are buying clothes online or in person, the garment has already set its carbon footprint. Companies can reduce their carbon footprint if they source materials locally instead of sourcing foreign materials. It doesn't have to be multiple different items from multiple different countries, one item is enough to make an impact on the global footprint. Combine that with the actual multitude of different supplies needed from everywhere, the CO2 emissions are expected to rise higher every year. Labor concerns [ edit ] Laborer trafficking [ edit ] It is not uncommon to know that behind pieces that have the label "made in china" is a production team that are severely overworked. China did not have labor laws until 1994 where workers could only work 44 hours a week with no more than 36 hours of overtime per month. [63] (#cite_note-63) But these laws are regularly surpassed as many factories in China have shadow factories where workers are paid daily if they work overtime. [64] (#cite_note-:0-64) These shadow factories are unknown to the government and thus are able to surpass the rules. The Chinese culture for these workers is to work in these conditions for a short amount of time so that they do not have to work later on in life. Many factory workers lives end in premature deaths due to their prolonged exposure to not only dangerous chemicals but other health issues that arise with being overworked. In 2008, more than 200 million workers in 16 million companies were exposed to harmful chemicals that led to conditions such as the black lung and silicosis. [64] (#cite_note-:0-64) But workers are not the only ones exposed to these chemicals, consumers are too. Dermal absorption, a natural body process that allows skin to absorb over 50% of chemicals is a consequence of these products. [65] (#cite_note-65) The sad fact is that many of the world's largest retailers engaged in forced labor. In Xinjiang, as many as 1 in 5 cotton products are products of human rights violations. [66] (#cite_note-66) Even if the brand is not produced in China, many of these companies still have close ties with Chinese contractors receiving supplies from them. Uyghur forced labor [ edit ] Further information: Persecution of Uyghurs in China (/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China) and Xinjiang cotton industry (/wiki/Xinjiang_cotton_industry) Uyghurs are predominately Muslim people found in the city of Xinjiang. Xinjiang has imprisoned over 1 million Muslims in re-education camps and the rest are subjected to everyday surveillance on them. Since 2014, Uyghurs have long faced discrimination for their Islamic beliefs. President Xi Jinping has destroyed many of their mosques and ruined neighborhoods that house predominately Uyghur people. [67] (#cite_note-67) Some of the world's biggest fast fashion brands are complicit with the human right's violations done on the Uyghur group. Up to 1.8 million Uyghur and other Muslim people are forced into working for sweatshop factories. [68] (#cite_note-68) Since China is the number one producer of cotton, virtually every article of clothing is tainted somewhere with Uyghur people's forced labor. The United States stepped up to take action against the unlawful violations happening in Xinjiang. In 2021, President Joe Biden signed into agreement the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act) that ensures products that are produced with forced labor are not allowed to be exported to the United States. [69] (#cite_note-69) Although this is a step in the right direction, the Chinese government has found ways around it. The exploitation of Uyghur people by forcing them to work adds to the fashion industry's success. Sustainable development goals [ edit ] In 2017, the United Nation's member states came together to create 17 SDGs to be achieved by 2030. These include reducing poverty, gender inequality and climate change. [70] (#cite_note-70) Goal 13 outlines steps for climate action. As the fashion industry uses mass amounts of fossil fuels to produce their garments, in order to reduce the warming of the planet, brands have implemented steps to achieve this SDG. COVID-19 helped reduce greenhouse gasses by 6% in 2020 due to travel bans. [71] (#cite_note-luxiders.com-71) Goal 14 speaks on ways to improve the quality of water. Wastewater treatments are planned to be 65%-90% effective at filtering out microfibers. [71] (#cite_note-luxiders.com-71) It's estimated that the textile industry produces 0.12 million metric tons of microfibers per year. [72] (#cite_note-72) See also [ edit ] Textile industry in China (/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China) Chinese clothing (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fast Fashion in China: A Humanitarian Issue" (https://www.borgenmagazine.com/fast-fashion-in-china/) . Borgen . 2020-10-14 . 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Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Harvesting the truth: Why Xinjiang's cotton fields offer more than warmth" (http://www.news.cn/english/2021-10/31/c_1310281523.htm) . www.news.cn . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Nike, H&M face China fury over Xinjiang cotton 'concerns' (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-56519411) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-56519411) . BBC News . 2021-03-25 . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "China's state media outlets call for boycott of H&M for avoiding Xinjiang cotton" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/chinas-state-media-calls-for-boycott-of-handm-for-avoiding-xinjiang-cotton/2021/03/24/41a3ef4a-8d07-11eb-aff6-4f720ca2d479_story.html) . Washington Post . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0190-8286 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Westcott, Ben; He, Laura (2021-03-25). "H&M and Nike are facing a boycott in China over Xinjiang cotton statements" (https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/25/business/hm-nike-xinjiang-cotton-boycott-intl-hnk/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Westcott, Ben; He, Laura (25 March 2021). "H&M and Nike are facing a boycott in China over Xinjiang cotton statements" (https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/25/business/hm-nike-xinjiang-cotton-boycott-intl-hnk/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Liu, Jue; Liu, Min; Liang, Wannian (2022-01-28). "The Dynamic COVID-Zero Strategy in China" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8837441) . China CDC Weekly . 4 (4): 74–75. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.46234/ccdcw2022.015 (https://doi.org/10.46234%2Fccdcw2022.015) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2096-7071 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2096-7071) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 8837441 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8837441) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 35186372 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35186372) . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "How the Chinese Fast Fashion Brand Shein is Conquering the…" (https://www.euromonitor.com/article/how-the-chinese-fast-fashion-brand-shein-is-conquering-the-us-market) . Euromonitor . 2021-12-13 . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sumner, Mark (30 November 2020). "Following a t-shirt from cotton field to landfill shows the true cost of fast fashion" (https://theconversation.com/following-a-t-shirt-from-cotton-field-to-landfill-shows-the-true-cost-of-fast-fashion-127363) . The Conversation . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Homepage \| UNECE" (https://unece.org/) . unece.org . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Clothed in Conservation: Fashion & Water \| Sustainable Campus" (https://sustainablecampus.fsu.edu/blog/clothed-conservation-fashion-water) . sustainablecampus.fsu.edu . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Fast Fashion's Environmental Impact: The True Price Of Trendiness" (https://goodonyou.eco/fast-fashions-environmental-impact/) . Good On You . 2021-02-14 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "5 Most Water Intensive Crops" (https://claroenergy.in/5-most-water-intensive-crops/) . Claro Energy Private Limited . 2017-07-24 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Ro, Christine. "The hidden impact of your daily water use" (https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200326-the-hidden-impact-of-your-daily-water-use) . www.bbc.com . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b McFall-Johnsen, Morgan (October 21, 2019). "How fast fashion hurts the planet through pollution and waste" (https://www.businessinsider.com/fast-fashion-environmental-impact-pollution-emissions-waste-water-2019-10) . Business Insider . Retrieved 2022-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "How plastic pollution is being woven into fast fashion culture" (https://chinadialogueocean.net/en/pollution/14514-how-plastic-pollution-woven-into-fast-fashion/) . China Dialogue Ocean . 2020-08-20 . Retrieved 2022-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Home - The Sustainable Business Group" (https://www.thesustainablebusinessgroup.com/) . www.thesustainablebusinessgroup.com . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Material Guide: What is Viscose and Is It Sustainable?" (https://goodonyou.eco/material-guide-viscose-sustainability/) . Good On You . 2021-08-25 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Home" (https://waterfootprint.org/en/) . waterfootprint.org . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "Viscose And Its Impact" (http://www.commonobjective.co/article/viscose-and-its-impact) . Common Objective . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "CanopyStyle \| Transforming supply chains and taking Endangered Forests out of fabric" (https://canopyplanet.org/campaigns/canopystyle/) . Canopy . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "This fabric is hailed as 'eco-friendly.' The rainforest tells a different story" (https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/fabric-hailed-eco-friendly-rainforest-tells-different-story-rcna8080) . NBC News . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "The World Counts" (https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/consumption/clothing/environmental-impact-of-cotton-production/story) . www.theworldcounts.com . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) Perry, Patsy. "The environmental costs of fast fashion" (https://phys.org/news/2018-01-environmental-fast-fashion.html) . phys.org . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Niinimäki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (April 2020). "The environmental price of fast fashion" (https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-020-0039-9) . Nature Reviews Earth & Environment . 1 (4): 189–200. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2020NRvEE...1..189N (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NRvEE...1..189N) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs43017-020-0039-9) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2662-138X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2662-138X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 215760302 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:215760302) . ^ (#cite_ref-56) McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. "The fashion industry emits more carbon than international flights and maritime shipping combined. Here are the biggest ways it impacts the planet" (https://www.businessinsider.com/fast-fashion-environmental-impact-pollution-emissions-waste-water-2019-10) . Business Insider . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Carr, D. Jasun; Gotlieb, Melissa R.; Lee, Nam-Jin; Shah, Dhavan V. (November 2012). "Examining Overconsumption, Competitive Consumption, and Conscious Consumption from 1994 to 2004: Disentangling Cohort and Period Effects" (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002716212449452) . The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science . 644 (1): 220–233. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/0002716212449452 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002716212449452) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0002-7162 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7162) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 154754612 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154754612) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Web Login Service - Stale Request" (https://a5.ucsd.edu/tritON/profile/SAML2/Redirect/SSO?execution=e1s1) . a5.ucsd.edu . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-59) "Q&A: What does China's new Paris Agreement pledge mean for climate change?" (https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-does-chinas-new-paris-agreement-pledge-mean-for-climate-change/) . Carbon Brief . 2021-12-16 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "How the fashion industry can reduce its carbon footprint \| McKinsey" (https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/fashion-on-climate) . www.mckinsey.com . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) "China: population of major cities 2021" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/992683/china-population-in-first-and-second-tier-cities-by-city/) . Statista . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Home" (https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/) . National Geographic Society . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-63) "China - Labor Law, 1994" (https://www.jus.uio.no/lm/china.labor.law.1994/doc.html#:~:text=The%20employer%20shall%20establish%20and%20perfect%20its%20system%20for%20labor,labor,%20and%20reduce%20occupational%20hazards.) . www.jus.uio.no . 1994-07-05 . Retrieved 2022-04-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b Harney, A (2008). The China Price . ^ (#cite_ref-65) "Fast Fashion - A Danger To Health \| FFAC" (https://ffacoalition.org/articles/fast-fashion-environment-health/) . ffacoalition.org . 2020-12-08 . Retrieved 2022-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) " (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jul/23/virtually-entire-fashion-industry-complicit-in-uighur-forced-labour-say-rights-groups-china) 'Virtually entire' fashion industry complicit in Uighur forced labour, say rights groups" (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jul/23/virtually-entire-fashion-industry-complicit-in-uighur-forced-labour-say-rights-groups-china) . the Guardian . 2020-07-23 . Retrieved 2022-04-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) "Who are the Uyghurs and why is China being accused of genocide?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-22278037) . BBC News . 2022-05-24 . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) " (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jul/23/virtually-entire-fashion-industry-complicit-in-uighur-forced-labour-say-rights-groups-china) 'Virtually entire' fashion industry complicit in Uighur forced labour, say rights groups" (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/jul/23/virtually-entire-fashion-industry-complicit-in-uighur-forced-labour-say-rights-groups-china) . the Guardian . 2020-07-23 . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-69) McGovern, James P. (2021-12-08). "Text - H.R.1155 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act" (http://www.congress.gov/) . www.congress.gov . Retrieved 2022-05-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-70) "How the United Nations' SDGs Relate to the Fashion Industry" (https://remake.world/stories/news/how-the-united-nations-sdgs-relate-to-the-fashion-industry/) . Remake . 2020-02-19 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fashion's Future: The Sustainable Development Goals \| Luxiders" (https://luxiders.com/fashions-future-the-sustainable-development-goals/) . Sustainable Fashion - Eco Design - Healthy Lifestyle - Luxiders Magazine . 2020-07-20 . Retrieved 2022-05-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) "The Nature Conservancy" (https://www.nature.org/en-us/) . The Nature Conservancy . 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fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria) Russian fashion (/wiki/Russian_fashion) South Korean fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) Swedish fashion (/wiki/Swedish_fashion) Thai fashion (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Fashion activism (/wiki/Fashion_activism) Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) See also Ballet and fashion (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion) Capsule wardrobe (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) Chinoiserie in fashion (/wiki/Chinoiserie_in_fashion) Dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Music and fashion (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) Fashion victim (/wiki/Fashion_victim) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by 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Traditional Han Chinese wedding attire Example of traditional Chinese-style wedding dress Traditional Chinese wedding dress is a collective term which refers to all the different forms and styles of traditional wedding attire worn by the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) when performing their marriage ceremony (/wiki/Wedding) , including the traditional Chinese marriage (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_marriage) . [1] (#cite_note-1) There are various forms of traditional Chinese wedding dress in the history of China (/wiki/China) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Since the Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) , there have national laws and rules which regulated the different categories of clothing and personal accessories; these regulations have created various categories of clothing attire, including the traditional wedding attire of the Chinese people (/wiki/Chinese_people) . [3] (#cite_note-3) : 3 Types of attire [ edit ] Attire for brides [ edit ] Cheongsam [ edit ] Main article: Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Chinese bride wearing cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) with a honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) covering her face for wedding ceremony. The cheongsam ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 旗袍 ), or zansae also known as qipao , sometimes referred to as the mandarin gown , traces its origins to the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Cheongsam was the dress for Manchu women which become popular in Hong Kong and Shanghai after the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912. [5] (#cite_note-5) Nowadays, the cheongsam can also be worn as a wedding dress. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Fengguan xiapei [ edit ] See also: Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Ming dynasty noblewomen wearing a blue embroidered xiapei over her red robe The fengguan xiapei (/wiki/Fengguan_xiapei) ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 凤冠霞帔 ) is a type of wedding set of attire categorized under Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) . It was worn in Ming (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) and Qing (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) dynasties. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) The fengguan xiapei attire was composed an upper and lower garment following the traditional yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) system. [7] (#cite_note-7) In the Qing dynasty, it was composed of an ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , a type of upper garment, called mang (/wiki/Mangfu) ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 蟒袄 ; lit. 'python jacket') and a qun (/wiki/Qun) , lower skirt, called mangchu (/wiki/Mangfu) ( lit. 'python skirt'). [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) The mangao was a type of yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) fashioned in the style of the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) which was red in colour; it used to be worn by the Han Chinese women as a court robe. [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) The mangchu was a qun (/wiki/Qun) which could either be red or green in colour; it was embroidered with dragons and phoenixes on the front and back lapel of the skirt. [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) The two accessories items from which the set of attire of gained its name was the fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) , which was a type of guan (/wiki/Guan_(surname)) , and the xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 霞帔 ). [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) The appearance of the xiapei appearance and construction differed depending on the time period: in the Ming dynasty, the xiapei was similar to a long scarf or stole (/wiki/Stole_(vestment)) in appearance; however, it became a type of waistcoat in the Qing dynasty. [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) The fengguan xiapei was sometimes adorned with the yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) . [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) Following the wedding ceremony, married women were expected to wear the fengguan xiapei on formal occasions, however, Chinese trousers (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) or leggings were worn beneath instead of the skirt. [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) Qungua [ edit ] Main article: Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) A qungua , 2020 The qungua , also commonly known as longfenggua , guaqun or longfeng qungua is a set of attire which follows the traditional yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) system. It is a composed of a jacket called gua ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) :褂) and a long qun (/wiki/Qun) ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) :裙) which could be straight in cut [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) or have pleated (/wiki/Pleat) sides. [10] (#cite_note-10) The tradition of wearing the qungua as a wedding dress originated in the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) during the 18th century. [11] (#cite_note-11) Initially, the qungua was sewn by the mother of the bride as soon as the bride was born due to the time-consuming process of the handcraft; it would then be given later on as the part of the bride's dowry from her family when she would get married. There are 5 different types of qungua (Guahuang, Guahou, Dawufu, Zhongwufu, Xiaowufu) which are based on the amount of embroideries which were crafted on the dress. [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) Nowadays, the qungua has been commercialized and remains a popular form of wedding dress. [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) Xiuhefu [ edit ] Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) (front and backview) Main article: Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) The Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 秀禾服 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 繡和服 ) is a set of attire which follows the traditional yichang (/wiki/Ruqun) system; it is a composed of a waist-length liling dajin (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Standing_collar_with_right_closure) ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) and a long A-line (/wiki/A-line_(clothing)) qun (/wiki/Qun) , which looks similar to a mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) . [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) The Xiuhefu is typically embroidered with flowers and birds to symbolize love for whole seasons. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) The precursor of the Xiuhefu can be traced back to the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) where a Qing dynasty-style aoqun (/wiki/Ruqun) , consisted of liling dajin (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Standing_collar_with_right_closure) changao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) and a mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) , was worn as a form of wedding dress during this period. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) What is currently known as the Xiuhefu became popular in 2001 when Zhou Xun (/wiki/Zhou_Xun) , the actress who played the role of Xiu He , wore a modern recreation version of the Qing dynasty wedding aoqun in the Chinese television drama (/wiki/Chinese_television_drama) Orange turned red ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 橘子紅了 ) thus gaining its contemporary name from name of the character, Xiu He . [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [13] (#cite_note-13) Gallery [ edit ] Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) (also known as phoenix coronet) Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Wedding picture at Xizhou, Yunnan, China Manchu bride in her wedding clothes , c. 1871 See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Yang, Feng gang; Tamney, Joseph B. (2012). Confucianism and spiritual traditions in modern China and beyond . Religion in Chinese societies. Leiden Boston: Brill. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-21239-8 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Top 5 Styles of Traditional Chinese Dress & Clothing - 2022" (https://www.newhanfu.com/1591.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-12-04 . Retrieved 2022-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hua, Mei (2011). Chinese clothing (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-521-18689-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 781020660 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781020660) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Traditional Han Chinese Marriage Customs" (http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/english/culture/2016-03/02/content_714375.htm) . www.chinatoday.com.cn . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding the Qipao Traditional Chinese A" (https://jinzaoriental.com/blogs/news/a-comprehensive-guide-to-understanding-the-qipao-traditional-chinese-attire) . Jinza Oriental Couture . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Li, Yuling (2019). New meaning in traditional wedding dresses – Xiu He Fu and Long Feng Gua – in contemporary China [Master's Thesis] . Cultural Centre, University of Malaya (masters). pp. i-102. ^ (#cite_ref-7) 董志成. "A current of culture - Chinadaily.com.cn" (http://epaper.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202306/05/WS647d204aa3106e73106c42f6.html) . epaper.chinadaily.com.cn . Retrieved 2023-06-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Garrett, Valery M. (2007). Chinese dress : from the Qing Dynasty to the Present . Tokyo: Tuttle Pub. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8048-3663-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 154701513 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/154701513) . ^ Jump up to: a b JNTT (2020-07-30). "SAME SAME BUT DIFFERENT" (https://www.theredwedding.com/post/same-same-but-different) . The Red Wedding . Retrieved 2021-06-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Chinese Wedding Gown (Qun Gua)" (https://collections.qm.qld.gov.au/objects/CH61199/chinese-wedding-gown-qun-gua) . Queensland Museum Collections Online . Retrieved 2022-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "To Have And To Embroider: The "Long Feng Gua" Wedding Tradition \| US-China Institute" (https://china.usc.edu/have-and-embroider-%E2%80%9Clong-feng-gua%E2%80%9D-wedding-tradition) . china.usc.edu . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b Si, Yuye (2020). "To Have And To Embroider: The "Long Feng Gua" Wedding Tradition" (https://china.usc.edu/have-and-embroider-%E2%80%9Clong-feng-gua%E2%80%9D-wedding-tradition) . china.usc.edu . Retrieved 2022-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Xiu He Fu \| Traditional Chinese Wedding Costume" (https://www.jinweddings.com/xiu-he-fu) . Jin Weddings . Retrieved 2021-06-05 . 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Textile ornamentation used in the Christian tradition Italy, Venice, 17th century – Needlepoint (Venetian Flat Point) Lace Ecclesiastical Square – 1923.1026 – Cleveland Museum of Art France, Louis 14th style, 18th century – Chasuble – 1916.1438 – Cleveland Museum of Art Liturgical lace refers to the use of lace (/wiki/Lace) as a form a liturgical ornamentation (/wiki/Liturgy) at the crossroads of religious art (/wiki/Religious_art) and decorative arts (/wiki/Decorative_arts) . History [ edit ] The Egyptian origin of liturgical lace [ edit ] Though it is often believed that "no documentary evidence exists that lace was made before the 15th century", it has also been shown from ancient Egyptian (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) nets that embroidered patterns from Antiquity could be found. [1] (#cite_note-1) The first trace of the use of lace in a liturgical context was found in the Egyptian sarcophagus (/wiki/Sarcophagus) . Bead-net dresses, mentioned in Egyptian literature since the Three Tales of Wonder (known also as the Tales from the Westcar Papyrus (/wiki/Westcar_Papyrus) ) and depicted in Egyptian art as the costume sky goddess, Nut (/wiki/Nut_(goddess)) , from the third millennium B.C, can be seen as the oldest form or liturgical lace. In fact, given that these dresses were too heavy to move in, and having been found solely within tombs, it seems like they primarily served a funerary and liturgical function. They were made by stringing beads together on a net which was then worn over a linen dress. [2] (#cite_note-2) This early design known as a square knotted mesh netting was, therefore, a geometric design similar to sprang (/wiki/Sprang) . The apostolic symbolism: from fishing nets to filet lace [ edit ] Based on Ephesians 5 (/wiki/Ephesians_5) and the visions of the supper of the lamb in the book of Revelation (/wiki/Book_of_Revelation) , liturgical lace has been described as a way for the Church to symbolize itself as a virginal bride celebrating the divine marriage with the heavenly spouse. Liturgical lace has also been compared to the fishing nets of the apostles (/wiki/Apostles) , especially as the Venetian lace is said to have originated from the Venetian sailors' art of knitting nets. [3] (#cite_note-3) From Eastern monasticism to Franciscan lace [ edit ] Liturgical lace may have been disseminated in the Catholic Church through the migration of monks from the East such as Nilus the Younger (/wiki/Nilus_the_Younger) . Lace may have also evolved alongside realistic ornamentation from the gammalion and cross-shape lace to more figurative representations such as flowing scrolls and vine leaves, as found in manuscript ornamentation as monasticism developed both male and female convents under the lead of Benedict of Nursia (/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia) and Scholastica (/wiki/Scholastica) . This pairing of male and female liturgical lace has its earliest representation with the linen alb of Francis of Assisi (/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi) presumably made by Clare of Assisi (/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi) . [4] (#cite_note-4) By the early 13th century, the Ancrene Wisse (/wiki/Ancrene_Wisse) , an anonymous monastic rule for female anchoresses cautions nuns against devoting too much time to lace and ornamental work, to the detriment of work for the poor. The Venetian renaissance of liturgical lace under the protection of Saint Francis Regis [ edit ] Lace industries, which sprang up like mushrooms all over Europe during the sixteenth century, encouraged the addition of lace to embellish the Catholic liturgy. [5] (#cite_note-5) By the 1660s, Venetian needle lace became the most fashionable lace, with the patronage of the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) . Its characteristics with the exaggeration of three-dimensional qualities of needle lace; creating patterns which could be divided into parts allowed for the production of large-scale ecclesiastical items like vestments and church furnishings that were "conspicuously extravagant." [6] (#cite_note-6) Cardinal Richelieu (/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu) saying Mass in the Church of the Palais Royal (/wiki/Palais-Royal) is painted by Delacroix (/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix) wearing a delicate liturgical lace. However, the major revolution to liturgical lace was sparked off by the invention of leaver lace which originated in Nottingham (/wiki/Nottingham) in England, early in the nineteenth century. Lace machines faced the opposition of the Luddites (/wiki/Luddite) who had to be stopped in their vandalism by the Destruction of Stocking Frames, etc. Act of 1812 (/wiki/Destruction_of_Stocking_Frames,_etc._Act_1812) . Eventually, the machines made lace much more accessible and in the 1840s, lace prices fell dramatically, which meant that albs, rochets and surplices could be garnished with very high lace of 60 cm. or more. Through centuries, liturgical lace developed a style of its own across various cultures and even helped grow the industry, as in places such as Poland where bobbin laces were created for liturgical vestments and workshops bloomed across the country. [7] (#cite_note-7) Liturgical lace under fire since the Church Discipline Act of 1840 [ edit ] In England, after the Church Discipline Act of 1840 which aimed to counter the rise of ritualism (/wiki/Ritualism_in_the_Church_of_England) in the Anglican Church (/wiki/Anglican_Church) , Robert Liddell, then vicar of Saint Paul's Church in Knightsbridge (/wiki/Knightsbridge) , was taken to court by his churchwarden for the use of cloths edged with lace as well as altar crosses and credence tables. In 1854, while the courts refused him the use of an altar cross and of a credence table, lace was tolerated. [8] (#cite_note-8) By the mid-19th century in France, lace was considered something of the 18th century and was replaced by more affordable filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) or tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) which originated in Tulle (/wiki/Tulle) , a city in the southern central region of France which was criticized as liturgical vestments were meant to be in linen and not in cotton which was used to make the latter. [9] (#cite_note-9) Lace alb worn by the priest during the Mass in a Connemara Cabin painted by Aloysius O'Kelly (/wiki/Aloysius_O%27Kelly) , in 1883. Meanwhile, lace flourished in Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) . A Roman Catholic priest (/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church) with a full-length lace alb holding Mass on one of the mess decks in HMS Royal Oak (/wiki/HMS_Royal_Oak) during the First World War (/wiki/World_War_I) . Yet, the trend for more elaborate liturgical lace concerned some in the Catholic Church as well, already in 1880, Pio Martinucci as secretary of the Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments (/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments) or Ceremonials, noted that the surplice has become merely an ornament whose excess elegance little becomes its sacred usage. [10] (#cite_note-10) Superpelliceum, cuius forma nunc multiplex atque ad merum ornamentum redactum est, cavendum ne tum forma tum etiam nimia elegantia indecens sit. — Pio Martinucci, Manuale sacrarum caeremoniarum , 1880 In 1912, the Benedictine monk Lambert Beaudoin (/wiki/Lambert_Beauduin) recommended the use of lace and advised that the best liturgical lace was the one that was sown directly on the liturgical vestment. [11] (#cite_note-11) From the 1930s onwards, the Liturgical movement was particularly critical of the use of liturgical lace. Women involved in embroidery and sowing at the time criticized liturgical lace as "worldly", "effeminate", and "feminine", arguing it had "no rightful place in the embroidering of liturgical vestments". [12] (#cite_note-12) In the 1950s, as the trend was to give "imitate the nature of things, truth and substance", the tendency was to reject the transparency of lace as frivolous. The price of lace compared to linen was also used as an economic argument against its use in liturgy. [13] (#cite_note-13) The price of lace is such as nearly always to react unfavourably on the church linen, that is to say, if we dispensed with lace we might have linen of a better quality, we might have more of it, and we might be able to change it more often. — Eugéne Roulin, Vestments and Vesture, a Manual of Liturgical Art, 1950 The whole movement was not against lace, as others encouraged its use in order for women to veil themselves when in church, in an attempt to return to the earliest centuries of Christian liturgy. [14] (#cite_note-14) At the Second Vatican Council (/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council) , liturgical lace was still very much in use. Between renewal and criticism [ edit ] Pope Benedict XVI (/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI) in 2013 wearing intricate liturgical lace under the papal fanon (/wiki/Papal_fanon) . While the Second Vatican Council encouraged the beauty of the celebration, contradictory esthetic standards have led to conflicting positions on the use of lace in liturgy. In the United States alone for example, in 1996, altar lace was recommended as a way to lead toward prayers, especially for catechumenate team formation. [15] (#cite_note-15) At the same time, other official documents suggests that the use of altar lace and "old frontals" should be rejected preferring "a simple white cloth without lots of lace or frill". [16] (#cite_note-16) In the wake of the pedophilia crisis, [17] (#cite_note-17) some went as far as to accuse liturgical lace of feminizing the celibate priesthood by "appropriating a female persona" and enacting "homoerotic aspects". [18] (#cite_note-18) Bordering homophobic (/wiki/Homophobia) slur, some critics referring to a "homosexual question" in the Catholic Church have stated that "the exaggerated taste for lace has ceased to make us smile". [19] (#cite_note-19) Since the 1990s however, younger generations have been keen on restoring the use of liturgical lace despite being considered as "retro" backwardism (/wiki/Backwardism) by those who presumed it was a return to the past. [20] (#cite_note-20) Under the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI (/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI) , the use of liturgical lace made a major comeback. However, Pope Francis (/wiki/Pope_Francis) has expressed a rather mitigated opinion saying ironically that liturgical lace or merletti described by La Croix (/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)) journalist as "retrograde accouterments" [21] (#cite_note-21) were merely a "tribute to grandmothers" and needed some aggiornamento (/wiki/Aggiornamento) sixty years after the Council. [22] (#cite_note-22) Use: albs, surplices, rochets, mantillas, lace cuffs and framed prayers [ edit ] Liturgical lace has been used especially for liturgical vestments suchs as albs (/wiki/Alb) , surplices (/wiki/Surplice) , and rochets (/wiki/Rochet) or gremiale (/wiki/Gremiale) . [23] (#cite_note-23) Lace is also often added to liturgical tablecloths and pieces such as chalice (/wiki/Chalice) covers. Altar lace which consists of lace fringe which is usually attached to the front of the altar, was never mentioned in the rubrics, but it become popular in both Catholic and Reformed churches. Thus, even in Lutheran churches of Denmark, altars of most churches use to have "richly embroidered altar frontals, usually in crimson velvet (/wiki/Velvet) , and with a deep superfrontal of lace". [24] (#cite_note-24) However, the corporal (/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)) was never decorated with liturgical lace in order to avoid fragments of the consecrated host from being trapped in their stitching. [25] (#cite_note-25) Liturgical lace was also used for mantillas (/wiki/Mantilla) , liturgical veil worn by women popular in Spain as well as in Latin America. [26] (#cite_note-26) Papal nobility (/wiki/Papal_nobility) would also wear facciole or lace collar, consisting of two separate rectangular strips of lace or muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , lace cuffs (/wiki/Cuff) , steel buttons and buckles. Finally, lace filet is sometimes used to frame Christian prayers such as the Our Father (/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer) . Rino Fisichella (/wiki/Rino_Fisichella) wearing a rochet (/wiki/Rochet) with lace A young altar boy (/wiki/Altar_server) wearing a surplice with lace, in a painting by Giacomo di Chirico Christopher de Paus (/wiki/Christopher_de_Paus) (1862–1943), in the court dress of a papal chamberlain (/wiki/Papal_chamberlain) with lace cuffs The Lord's Prayer (/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer) from the Protestant liturgy (/wiki/Protestant_liturgy) on a lace filet Spanish mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) made entirely of lace are often worn in church by devout women Alb of Vangheluwe Styles [ edit ] Liturgical lace uses two main styles of lace: the needlepoint (/wiki/Needle_lace) and the bobbin-point lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) , which evolved in different geographical contexts but serve similar liturgical settings. While styles of liturgical lace have evolved through centuries, the most popular trimmings today are considered to be: Nottingham Lace (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) , which was invented in 1846 through the use of lace machines Leavers Lace (/wiki/Leavers_machine) , which uses similar machines but comes closest to resembling handmade lace French Re-embroidered Lace, which is hybrid, using lace machines and adding floral motifs in the lace that have been traced in embroidery, enhancing the beauty of the design and lending the lace more weight and structure Cantù Lace, which is a handmade bobbin lace dating back to at least the 15th century, consists of winding vines flowing through each piece of lace on which are added inserts or ‘cartouches’ made of needle lace. [27] (#cite_note-27) Culture [ edit ] The symbolist Flemish poet Georges Rodenbach (/wiki/Georges_Rodenbach) fantasized about the liturgical lace of the Beguines (/wiki/Beguines_and_Beghards) which he referred to as the "lace of temptation" ("la dentelle de la Tentation"). [28] (#cite_note-28) In the Italian city of Rapallo (/wiki/Rapallo) , there is a museum dedicated to liturgical lace and lace in general. [29] (#cite_note-29) Moreover, Catholic churches often consider liturgical lace in their sacristies as part of their treasure. [30] (#cite_note-30) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Tortora, Phyllis G.; Johnson, Ingrid (2013-09-17). "Lace" (https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&dq=ancient+egypt+textile+lace&pg=PA337) . The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles . A&C Black. p. 337. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-60901-535-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) (1999). Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids . Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 306–307. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-87099-907-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Baedeker (Firm), Karl; Staff, Fodor's Travel Publications, Inc (2000). Venice . AA. p. 70. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7495-2087-8 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) PCC, Mary St Paul (2011-01-01). Clothed with Gladness: The Story of St. Clare . Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 65. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-7252-2923-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Liturgical Arts . Liturgical Arts Society. 1958. p. 46. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Browne, Claire. "Unknown Venetian Chasuble with Lace" (http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O86338/) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 2022-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sznajder, Anna (2019-10-15). Polish Lace Makers: Gender, Heritage, and Identity . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 288. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4985-8432-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Yates, Nigel (2008). Liturgical Space: Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500-2000 . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 117. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-5797-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Guillois, Ambroise (1856). Explication historique, dogmatique, morale, liturgique et canonique du catéchisme avec la réponse aux objections tirées des sciences contre la religion (in French). Monnoyer. p. 160. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Martinucci, Pius (1879). "De modo incedendi, assistendi, atque exeundi e choro". Manuale sacrarum caeremoniarum (in Latin). Cecchini. p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Loonbeek, Raymond; Mortiau, Jacques (2001). Un pionnier, Dom Lambert Beauduin (1873-1960): liturgie et unité des chrétiens (in French). Collège Erasme. p. 96. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-930309-05-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Berger, Teresa (1999). Women's Ways of Worship: Gender Analysis and Liturgical History . Liturgical Press. p. 89. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8146-6173-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Roulin, Eugéne (1950). Vestments and Vesture, a Manual of Liturgical Art (https://books.google.com/books?id=ECNGAAAAMAAJ&q=liturgical+lace) . Newman Press. p. 15. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Berger, Professor Teresa (2013-06-28). Gender Differences and the Making of Liturgical History: Lifting a Veil on Liturgy's Past . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4094-8149-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Ravizza, Mary Anne (1996). Liturgical Prayer in Catechumenate Team Formation . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 25. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-55612-954-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Boyer, Mark G. (2015-05-06). The Liturgical Environment: What the Documents Say . Liturgical Press. p. 51. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8146-4882-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Jordan, Mark D. (2002). The Silence of Sodom: Homosexuality in Modern Catholicism . University of Chicago Press. p. 198. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-226-41043-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Frawley-O'Dea, Mary Gail; Goldner, Virginia (2016-05-06). Predatory Priests, Silenced Victims: The Sexual Abuse Crisis and the Catholic Church . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-136-64840-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Le Morhedec, Erwan (2024-01-15). "Dire du bien" (https://www.lavie.fr/idees/chroniques/dire-du-bien-92545.php) . La Vie.fr (in French) . Retrieved 2024-02-14 . Le goût exacerbé des dentelles a cessé de faire sourire. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Chauvet, Louis-Marie (2015-05-28). "3. La Constitution sur la liturgie de Vatican II: un magnifique logiciel à développer" (https://books.google.com/books?id=kU1FEAAAQBAJ&dq=dentelle+liturgique&pg=PT49) . L'À-venir de la liturgie: 50 ans après Sacrosanctum Concillium (in French). Novalis. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-89688-179-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Besmond de Senneville, Loup (2022-06-10). "The pope's attack against lace at Mass" (https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/the-popes-attack-against-lace-at-mass/16218) . La Croix . Retrieved 2022-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Pope Francis (2022-06-09). "Ai Vescovi e Sacerdoti delle Chiese di Sicilia" (https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/speeches/2022/june/documents/20220609-clero-sicilia.html) . Vatican.va (in Italian) . Retrieved 2022-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Abbé Héry (1842). Manuel de la Chapelle Sixtine et des basiliques majeures (in French). P. Merle. p. 17. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Yates, Nigel (2008). Liturgical Space: Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500-2000 . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 41. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7546-5797-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Pascal, Jean Baptiste Etienne (1844). Origines et raison de la liturgie catholique en forme de dictionnaire: suivies de la Liturgie armenienne (in French). Chez l'Editeur Petit-Montrouge. p. 439. ^ (#cite_ref-26) The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language ; 4th edition. 2000 ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Liturgical Lace" (https://www.wattsandco.com/pages/lace) . Watts & Co . Retrieved 2022-07-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Amos, Thomas (2013). Bruxelles surrealiste (in French). p. 59. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-8233-6729-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Civico museo del pizzo al Tombolo di Rapallo (1990). Il museo del pizzo al tombolo di Rapallo. La manifattura Mario Zennaro (1908-1968) (in Italian). Sagep. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-88-7058-341-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Barletta, Rossella (2004). Ricami, pizzi e merletti. Omaggio al talento delle donne di Arnesano (in Italian). Amaltea edizioni. p. 15. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-88-8406-057-0 . Sources [ edit ] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain (/wiki/Public_domain) : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Lace". Catholic Encyclopedia (/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia) . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Bibliography [ edit ] Downham, Marie-Clare (1989). Lace for Church Use . Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7134-5836-7 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) v t e Tridentine Mass (/wiki/Tridentine_Mass) of the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) Types Chapter and conventual (/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass) Low (/wiki/Low_Mass) Deutsche Singmesse (/wiki/Deutsche_Singmesse) Dialogue (/wiki/Dialogue_Mass) French Organ (/wiki/French_Organ_Mass) Missa cantata (/wiki/Missa_cantata) Missa Sicca (/wiki/Missa_sicca) Ritual (/wiki/Ritual_Masses) Coronation (/wiki/Coronation_Mass) Papal (/wiki/Papal_coronation) Requiem (/wiki/Requiem) Nuptial (/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church) Solemn (/wiki/Solemn_Mass) Pontifical (/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass) Papal (/wiki/Papal_Mass) Sine populo (/wiki/Sine_populo) Votive 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Chinoiserie fashion in American and European fashion Chinoiserie in fashion Satin (/wiki/Satin) evening dress in Chinese dragon (/wiki/Chinese_dragon) print by Tom Ford for Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche, 2004 Type Textiles patterns and motifs, garments, and accessories Material Diverse Place of origin China Introduced Europe (Italy, France, United Kingdom), America (United States, Canada, Mexico) Chinoiserie in fashion refers to the any use of chinoiserie (/wiki/Chinoiserie) elements in fashion, especially in American and European fashion. Since the 17th century, Chinese arts and aesthetic were sources of inspiration to European artists, creators, [1] (#cite_note-:13-1) : 52 and fashion designers when goods from oriental countries were widely seen for the first time in Western Europe. [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) : 546 Western chinoiserie was also often mixed with other exotic elements which were not all indigenous to China. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 15 Throughout its history, chinoiserie in fashion was sometimes a display of cultural appreciation (/wiki/Xenophilia) ; but at times, it was also associated with exoticism (/wiki/Exoticism) , Orientalism (/wiki/Orientalism) , cultural appropriation (/wiki/Cultural_appropriation) , Western imperialism (/wiki/Imperialism) , and colonialism (/wiki/Colonialism) , [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 16–19 and eroticism (/wiki/Eroticism) . The imagining of China was always more fanciful than real. Trade provided products, but even more importantly, the West copied the Oriental land that it had never conquered. It never possessed the dragons, butterflies, or pagodas that it admired and emulated. If it was an unrequited colonialism, the West's passion for China abides today in the continuing aesthetic fascination for that Far East land — Richard Harrison Martin & Harold Koda, Orientalism: Visions of the East in Western Dress (1994), published by the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , 18–19 History [ edit ] Pre-17th century [ edit ] Main articles: Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) , Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) , and Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) had been entering European countries from China since the ancient times. [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) : 546 The early contacts of Europeans with China had also directly influenced their fashion. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) : 4 Silk from China, as well as textiles from India and Turkey were extremely popular among the European royalty. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) : 4 The art of sericulture (/wiki/Sericulture) itself originated in China and was introduced in the West to the Byzantine Empire (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) . [5] (#cite_note-:23-5) : 90 The secret of sericulture was eventually smuggled (/wiki/Smuggling) out of China in the 6th century by the Byzantine empire (/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) , which then became an important component of the Byzantine industry [6] (#cite_note-:24-6) : 95 and allowed the Byzantine empire to gain monopoly of silk in Europe. [7] (#cite_note-7) : 122 From the eleventh century, the art of sericulture was spread to Italy and to Southern France. [5] (#cite_note-:23-5) : 90 However, the import of raw silk from China continued to remain significant. [6] (#cite_note-:24-6) : 95 During the Italian Renaissance (/wiki/Italian_Renaissance) period (14th to 17th century), imperial China was seen as a refined civilization which was equal to Europe except for religion and as very advanced in terms of science, technology, architecture, and culture; as such, Italian elites would dress in Chinese fashion to show off their wealth. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) These Chinese influences in fashion were illusions created by Italian craftsmen who had started to produce in Lucca (/wiki/Lucca) and had appropriated Chinese cultural symbols, such as the lotus flowers (/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera) , pomegranates (/wiki/Pomegranate) , peonies (/wiki/Peony) , florets, phoenixes and dragons. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) Chinese silk which was manufactured in China to fit European taste continued to be imported in Europe; this import increased even more in the late 17th century as direct maritime trade was established between China and Europe. [5] (#cite_note-:23-5) : 90 The introduction of items, such as painted silk, pearls (/wiki/Pearl) , and umbrellas (/wiki/Umbrella) , from China were also sped up in the 1400s through the sea routes. [9] (#cite_note-9) : 437 In the 16th century, Chinese brocades were exported from China to Europe to make the vestments of priests in Roman Catholic cathedrals. [10] (#cite_note-10) : 618 According to British (/wiki/British_Empire) records dating to the late 19th century, gold foil was the ordinary form of precious metal which was used in embroidery and was a Chinese invention wherein Chinese people invented the process of laying a thin gold leaf on paper before rolling it around a silk thread. [11] (#cite_note-:02-11) Chinese gold thread technology were later introduced the West and adopted by Italian weavers in their goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) . [11] (#cite_note-:02-11) 17th to 18th century [ edit ] The 17th to 18th centuries, Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) was greatly enriched by the various items which were imported from the East which led to the introduction of new patterns and new possibilities in Western dress and was immediately imitated by mills found in England and France. [12] (#cite_note-:25-12) As China was considered as the greatest empire in the 17th and 18th century, China and chinoiserie became in vogue in Europe; chinoiserie in this period, however, was the result of a conscious attempt in making "oriental culture" acceptable to the taste of Europeans. [13] (#cite_note-Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_1987-13) : 116 [14] (#cite_note-:19-14) : 152 17th century [ edit ] Chinese-style fashion in Chinoserie (/wiki/Chinoserie) art by François Boucher (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher) , 1755 – 1776 Russian actress wearing chinoiserie fashion, 1838 In the 17th century, Chinese luxury items, such as Chinese textiles and porcelain, were introduced in Italian port cities, Portugal, England, and Holland; these items were what Europeans used to informed themselves about the customs and cultures of the East. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 15 Imported porcelain from China depicted how clothing was worn in China while Imported Chinese textiles led to fascination in Europe due to the technical skills found in the weaving, hand-painting, and needlework of Chinese silk. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 15 Chinese textiles were readily tailored into Western-style garments. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 15 The large amounts of imported Chinese patterned silk textiles in the Western-sphere also influenced the Europeans' perception of Chinese designs; this became known as chinoiserie . Chinoiserie , however, was the result of the European's misunderstandings of authentic Chinese art and life. [13] (#cite_note-Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_1987-13) Not only did Europe imported Chinese textiles, but they also imitated Chinese textiles. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 16 Moreover, import of textiles from Asia by the East India companies (/wiki/East_India_Company) in the late 17th and early 18th centuries influenced European designs creating a "bizarre style" as designs and motifs were blended into strange and familiar motifs and was influenced by chinoiserie and Japonisme (/wiki/Japonisme) . [5] (#cite_note-:23-5) : 91 18th century [ edit ] In the 18th century, China was tremendously popular in France, leading to what was referred as the "Oriental Renaissance" by Edgar Quinet (/wiki/Edgar_Quinet) in 1848. [15] (#cite_note-:20-15) : 301 From this period and throughout the 19th century, chinoiserie was especially celebrated in France, and the origin of most Chinese-inspired fashion was French during this period. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) French Chinese fashion, which involved the wearing of petticoats (/wiki/Petticoat) with frills, was also introduced in England where it became fashionable among British women; it is however unknown if British women were aware that they were wearing French Chinese fashion. [16] (#cite_note-16) : 544 This craze for China was also shared by England which also showed an obsession for Chinese culture objects in the 18th century. [14] (#cite_note-:19-14) : 152 Chinoiserie was also a popular theme in masquerade balls (/wiki/Masquerade_ball) , and King Gustav III of Sweden (/wiki/Gustav_III) was even dressed in Chinese robes by the Swedish royal family at some point in his lifetime when they were at the summer palace in Drottningholm (/wiki/Drottningholm) . [17] (#cite_note-17) : 113 The craze for chinoiserie however started to wane in England in the second half of the eighteenth century [14] (#cite_note-:19-14) : 152 and further receded in Europe during the 19th century. [15] (#cite_note-:20-15) : 301 19th century [ edit ] As a result of Europe being at the wake of industrialization, and due to Europeans' perception that Chinese civilization was almost outdated following the first (/wiki/First_Opium_War) and the second Opium Wars (/wiki/Second_Opium_War) lead to the decrease of chinoiserie popularity in Europe. [15] (#cite_note-:20-15) : 301 However, this period was marked by an era of universal colonial exchanges and exposure to various categories found in Orient (/wiki/Orient) , such as textiles (e.g. silk) from China and Chinese dress elements (e.g. the precursor of the cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) ). [12] (#cite_note-:25-12) Looting of the Old Summer palace by Anglo-French forces in 1860, illustration dated to 22 December 1860 Many items were looted from China and brought back to Europe during this period. The Old Summer Palace (/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace) , known as Yuanmingyuan ( traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 圓明園 ; simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 圆明园 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Yuánmíng Yuán ; lit. 'Gardens of Perfect Brightness') in Chinese, in particular, which was sacked by Anglo-French forces in 1860s gained the " mythical status as a source of Chinese objects in the West ". [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 239 From the looting of the Old Summer Palace (/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace) , the French not only looted the imperial treasures, but also forced open the imperial warehouses stealing shiploads of clothing, jewellery, hats, and rolls of fabrics, amongst many other items. [19] (#cite_note-19) : 260 [20] (#cite_note-:15-20) : 19 Looted items from the Old Summer Palace also flooded the markets of Britain; [21] (#cite_note-:16-21) a cap which was said to have belonged to the Chinese emperor was presented to Queen Victoria, along with a pekingese dog (/wiki/Pekingese) , which became known as Looty (/wiki/Looty_(dog)) . [20] (#cite_note-:15-20) : 19 In Europe, these looted items were sometimes cut into a western-style clothing. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 239 At the end of the 19th century, British chinoiserie fashion had incorporated key elements from the construction design of Chinese clothing, including the use of wide sleeves and side closure. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 239 However, their passion of the British for chinoiserie had vanished. [14] (#cite_note-:19-14) : 152 Women wear Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) -style clothing while men wear Qizhuang-style (/wiki/Qizhuang) attire; they also hold Japanese fans (/wiki/Hand_fan) in their hands; photograph taken in Spring 1886, Cobourg (/wiki/Cobourg) , Ontario, Canada. [22] (#cite_note-:22-22) On the other hand, the 19th century was when chinoiserie was fully developed in America as a kind of "aesthetic colonialism (/wiki/Colonialism) " associating China with exoticism (/wiki/Exoticism) and fantasy, perceiving it as "a fantastic, uncivilized nation"; the upper classes, especially those in New England (/wiki/New_England) and the Middle Colonies (/wiki/Middle_Colonies) , imitated chinoiserie e fashion; following their independence from Britain, they eventually ventured to China where they directly imported Chinese items. [23] (#cite_note-23) : 38 The late 1800s was thus marked with Westerner's fascination to the Far East, especially China and Japan, including in Canada. [22] (#cite_note-:22-22) In the 1850s, there was a deliberate and self-conscious usage of Chinese materials and symbols in the design of dresses. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 16 Floral (/wiki/Flower) medallions, for example, were used on dresses as they were characteristics of China . [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 17 A second wave of looted items from the suppression of the Boxer uprising (/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion) (1899–1901) also made its way to Britain. [21] (#cite_note-:16-21) During the suppression of the Boxer Uprising, many places were looted including many pawnshops in Beijing were looted. [24] (#cite_note-:18-24) : 54 Clothing items by far were the largest-volume trade in these pawnshops, but they also had other items of value, such as jewellery, watches, furniture, rickshaws, and musical instrument; these items were personal items of Beijing commoners who had exchanged their personal items for a small sum of money and intended to redeem their items later when they would be in better financial times. [24] (#cite_note-:18-24) : 54 Wearing Chinese clothing at home in the West was not deemed as being done out of frivolity or fancy, but was itself an imperial act which signified having worldly knowledge. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 17 20th century [ edit ] Aleksander Augustynowicz (/wiki/Aleksander_Augustynowicz) in chinoiserie-style dragon robe (/wiki/Dragon_robe) , 1911 Evening dress with Chinese-style floral embroidery by the Callot sisters In the early 20th century, European and fashion designers would use China and other countries outside of the Eurocentric-fashion world to seek inspiration; Vogue Magazine (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) also acknowledged that China had contributed to the aesthetic inspiration to global fashion. [25] (#cite_note-:5-25) Chinese motifs regrew popular in European fashion during this period. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 239 China and the Chinese people also supplied the materials and aesthetics to American fashion and influenced global fashion; however, they remained perceived as being fashion-less and did not fit the criteria of modern status. [25] (#cite_note-:5-25) For example, in the early 1900s, Vogue magazine (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) encouraged people to buy beautifully embroidered Chinese garments made of high quality silk in Chinatowns (/wiki/Chinatown) , which were sold as cheap items in America; however, many of these items were actually looted (/wiki/Looting) items from Beijing during the suppression of the Boxer Uprising (/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion) . [26] (#cite_note-:17-26) From the 1910s in the United Kingdoms, Chinese robes, which were perceived as being only suitable as a fancy or luxurious dress or a source of embroidery pieces, started to be worn by British women as a form of loose coats. [21] (#cite_note-:16-21) 1920s to 1930s [ edit ] Cape in chinoiserie fashion, likely designed by Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) in 1930 The 1920s was marked by the return of a great craze for chinoiserie . [27] (#cite_note-:26-27) Genuine embroidered Chinese jackets and coats were worn as evening wear. [27] (#cite_note-:26-27) The loose fitting cut of British women garments in the 1920s also reflects the influence of Chinese clothing. [21] (#cite_note-:16-21) The cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) was created in the 1920s and was turned into a high-style evening wear when it was appropriated by the West. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 19 By the 1930s, the cheongsam was associated with Chinese dress and was used in Hollywood movies (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) as the identifying clothing of Chinese women. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 19 When worn by Asian Hollywood stars, such as Anna May Wong (/wiki/Anna_May_Wong) , the sexualized version cheongsam was turned into a symbol of the exotic and erotic nightlife in Shanghai. [28] (#cite_note-:11-28) : 269 1940s to end of 20th century [ edit ] In the mid-20th century, chinoiserie influenced the designs of great designers and/or couturiers, such as Christian Dior [29] (#cite_note-:1-29) and Yves Saint-Laurent. [30] (#cite_note-:8-30) [14] (#cite_note-:19-14) : 187 Princess Diana wearing a langan -style mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) , 23 February 1981 On 23 February 1981, Princess Diana (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) wore a red coloured silk, midi Chinese skirt (/wiki/Qun) known as mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) when she posed with Prince Charles (/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales) at Clarence House (/wiki/Clarence_House) prior to their official engagement announcement. This Chinese skirt was in the Qing dynasty langan style and was embroidered with chrysanthemum (/wiki/Chrysanthemum) embroidery motifs. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) and had a red waistband. [34] (#cite_note-:30-34) The use of auspicious red colour was in line with Chinese wedding tradition (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_marriage) ; however, the skirt was not considered fully auspicious according to Chinese beliefs as it lacked a white waistband instead of a red one. [34] (#cite_note-:30-34) A mamianqun with white waistband was usually worn by Chinese bride to symbolize: "to grow old together", which Princess Diana lacked; and thus, Princess Diana's (/wiki/Mamianqun#Princess_Diana's_mamianqun) mamianqun was did not conform to the guiju ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 规矩 ; lit. 'established rules') and was instead considered buxiangde yuzhao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 不祥的预兆 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : bùxiángde yùzhào ; lit. 'inauspicious omen'), a sign of bad omen. [34] (#cite_note-:30-34) 21st century [ edit ] Chinoiserie fashion continues to appears in the work of fashion designers and directive creators of luxury brands in the 21st century. For instances, chinoiserie appeared have been a key seasonal influence to Louis Vuitton Spring/ Summer 2011 collections; for example, with the use of brisé fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , etc. [35] (#cite_note-:9-35) The Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_Ready-to-Wear_runway_collections) Fall/Winter 2015–2016 depicted the use of colourful Chinese motifs, such as lion's heads, flowers, plants, in the embroidery work on their clothing and handbags, which were described as "reinterpretations of symbols representing human qualities and spiritual values" by the Magazine Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [36] (#cite_note-36) Designers [ edit ] Some famous fashion designers and/or creative directors, who are known to have adopted or incorporated chinoiserie aesthetics at some point in their fashion collection, include Mariano Fortuny (/wiki/Mariano_Fortuny_(designer)) , the Callot Soeurs (/wiki/Callot_Soeurs) who were known for their usage of Chinese silks, Chinese-style embroideries (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) , had Orientalism as their favourite theme, [37] (#cite_note-37) Jean Paquin, [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) : 4 Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) , Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) , [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 17–19 Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , [29] (#cite_note-:1-29) Yves Saint-Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) , [30] (#cite_note-:8-30) Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , [38] (#cite_note-38) : 113 John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , [39] (#cite_note-39) : 9 Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , [28] (#cite_note-:11-28) : 270 and Maria Grazia Chiuri (/wiki/Maria_Grazia_Chiuri) . [29] (#cite_note-:1-29) Chinoiserie continues to appears in fashion creation in present-days. Luxury fashion brands such as, Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , [35] (#cite_note-:9-35) Dior (/wiki/Dior) , and Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , etc., were also inspired by Chinese art and aesthetics, these influences are sometimes reflected in their creation of colours and the patterns found on their fabrics. [1] (#cite_note-:13-1) : 52 Christian Dior [ edit ] Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , who had never travelled to China, especially celebrated Chinese aesthetics since the 1947; Chinese aesthetics in his design collections were influenced by Chinese overcoats and have been inspired by the "exotic" ( chinoiserie ) home decor of his childhood; throughout the 1960s, Dior used various cultural references to China, such as Chinese calligraphy (/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy) , the silhouette of the cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) , and the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) blue and white porcelain (/wiki/Blue_and_white_pottery) in various of his collections. [29] (#cite_note-:1-29) Yves Saint-Laurent [ edit ] Like Christian Dior, Yves Saint-Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) was very inspired by Chinese culture although he never visited China; this is also reflected in his 1977's collection " Les Chinoises ": [30] (#cite_note-:8-30) [14] (#cite_note-:19-14) : 187 Beijing, however, remains a dazzling memory. The China that I had so often interpreted in my designs was exactly as I had imagined it. All I need for my imagine to blend into a place or a landscape is a picture book. … I don't feel any need to go there. I have already dreamt about it so much. — Yves Saint Laurent, in Elle, December 25, 1995. Sources of fashion inspiration [ edit ] Chinese auspicious ornaments and textile [ edit ] Main articles: Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) , Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) , and Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) The most visible form of chinoiserie is through the appropriation of Chinese decorative (and auspicious) motifs and styles. [21] (#cite_note-:16-21) : 55 During the Italian Renaissance (/wiki/Italian_Renaissance) , Italian craftsmen appropriated Chinese cultural and auspicious symbols, such as the lotus flowers (/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera) , pomegranates (/wiki/Pomegranate) , peonies (/wiki/Peony) , florets (/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms) , phoenixes (/wiki/Fenghuang) and dragons (/wiki/Chinese_dragon) in their textiles which were then used in fashionable dressmaking for the wealthy Italian social class. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) Chinese motifs also grew in popularity in European fashion in the 20th century. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 239 Textile obtained through imperialistic appropriation [ edit ] Yellow dragon robe (/wiki/Dragon_robe) worn by the emperor of the Qing dynasty, 18th century Leon Wyczółkowski (/wiki/Leon_Wycz%C3%B3%C5%82kowski) wearing a dragon robe (/wiki/Dragon_robe) , 1911 Dragon robes (/wiki/Dragon_robe) (and python robes (/wiki/Mangfu) ) of the Qing dynasty were highly regulated by the Qing dynasty's Sumptuary laws (/wiki/Sumptuary_law) and court and the workshops and storehouses were managed by the Qing Imperial Household Department. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 243–245 They were also typically bestowed by the Qing dynasty court to important people within the Qing Empire boundaries, such as Mongolia and Tibet (/wiki/Tibet) as diplomatic gifts, who were allowed to cut and adapt to fit their own customs. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 245 In chinoiserie fashion of the early 20th century, the dragon robes (/wiki/Dragon_robe) (and python robes (/wiki/Mangfu) ) were at times cut and converted into Western-style attire, such as banyan and waistcoat; however, the direct alterations of Chinese garments for the use of Westerners are sometimes regarded as "imperialistic appropriation". [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 243–247 Some of these adapted dragon robe clothing were possibly fabric rolls and/or clothing looted from the Old Summer Palace (/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace) contrary to what museum donors sometimes wish explain about their origins. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 243–245 During the Opium wars, the use of Chinese dragons robes by Europeans in the late Victorian Europe were sometimes used to mock Chinese masculinity; for example, George Smith in the painting The Rightful Heir , exhibited in 1874 in the Royal Academy, would paint the villain found in the painting wearing a Chinese dragon robe tied with a belt around the waist with slippers on his feet. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 246 In similar instances, Liberty in 1898 offered evening capes (/wiki/Cape) which were advertised as being made of "Mandarin robes" (i.e. Qing dynasty court dress); however, these capes were actually made of Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) women's traditional skirts (/wiki/Qun) . [40] (#cite_note-:142-40) : 248 In 1981, Blue and white porcelain [ edit ] White and blue printed silk dress by Vera Maxwell (/wiki/Vera_Maxwell) , c.1965 The combination of blue and white colour is one of the most popular colour palette combination in history and originated from Asian ceramics of the 9th century. [41] (#cite_note-:0-41) Chinese blue and white porcelain (/wiki/Blue_and_white_pottery) , which was developed since the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) and fully matured in Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) , and are one of the most nationalistic arts of China, often appears in modern fashion shows (/wiki/Fashion_show) . [42] (#cite_note-42) : 513–514 This colour palette found in ceramics later spread in Europe and influenced the Delftware (/wiki/Delftware) in the 16th century and Willow pattern (/wiki/Willow_pattern) created by British manufacturers in the later 18th century; the 18th century was also the era when printed fabrics such as blue and white Toile de Jouy (/wiki/Toile) gained popularity and inspired fashion designers to use the blue and white as a prominent colour palette in the coming year. [41] (#cite_note-:0-41) It was thus adopted in fashion designs of garments and shoes of famous fashion designers, such as Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) , Dr Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) . [41] (#cite_note-:0-41) Some modern fashion designers, such as Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Guo Pei (/wiki/Guo_Pei) , were also directly inspired by Chinese blue and white porcelain. [41] (#cite_note-:0-41) [note 1] (#cite_note-43) Adoption of Chinese garments, clothing elements, and construction [ edit ] See also: Wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) , Influence of Chinese fastening on American and European fashion (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) , and Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) British chinoiserie fashion had incorporated key elements from the construction design of Chinese clothing, including the use of wide sleeves and side closure; these designs were then adapted to meet the aesthetic tastes of Europeans. [18] (#cite_note-:14-18) : 239 Chinese fashion also influenced various designs and styles of déshabillé (/wiki/Negligee) . [26] (#cite_note-:17-26) The design of wrap-style closure or neckline, known as jiaoling (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Jiaoling_youren) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 交領 ; lit. 'intersecting collar') in China, in European garments was the results of the heavy influences of Orientalism (/wiki/Orientalism) which was popular in the 19th century. [43] (#cite_note-:03-44) [note 2] (#cite_note-45) A wrap top (/wiki/Wrap_dress) called San toy , the Ladies' Chinese dressing or lounging sack, a design published in 1901 in The Delineator (/wiki/The_Delineator) , Volume 57, p. 210 Chinese jackets (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) with wrap closure also influenced American fashion in the early 1900s; an example of such jacket is the San toy (#4777), which appeared in American women's magazine, The Delineator (/wiki/The_Delineator) , in 1901. In volume 57, The Delineator described it as being "Ladies' Chinese dressing" or as a "Lounging sack", and as having "a strong suggestion of the Orient". [44] (#cite_note-:31-46) : 216–217 The San toy was designed to be loose-fitting, a wrap closure on the left side (known as jiaoling zuoren in China) which closes with satin ribbon ties; it also featured deep side vents, which was considered as being a "novel effect", and was trimmed with a single band creating a fancy outline. [44] (#cite_note-:31-46) : 206, 217 The San toy of Volume 57 (#4777) reappeared in Volume 58 of The Delineator along with another Chinese-style inspired wrap top (#3920), one of which closed on the right side (known as jiaoling youren in China) with a single ribbon. [45] (#cite_note-47) : 152 The Ladies' Chinese dressing sac #3920 appeared at least a year earlier and was published in Volume 56 of The Delineator of 1900. [46] (#cite_note-48) In the 1910s, Euro-American women showed women in Chinese robes used as loose evening coats over dresses. [40] (#cite_note-:142-40) : 248 Among the items which were advertised by Vogue in its 15 December 1911 publication, there was the aoqun (/wiki/Ruqun) , which composed of the ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) a type of Chinese jackets, and the Qing dynasty-style mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) , a traditional skirt of the Han Chinese. [26] (#cite_note-:17-26) There was also a fashion trend for day-wear jackets and coats to be cut in styles which would suggest various Chinese items as was published the Ladies’ Home Journal in June 1913. [26] (#cite_note-:17-26) According to the Ladies’ Home Journal of June 1913, volume 30, issue 6: Interest in the political and civic activities of the new China, which is more or less world-wide at this time, led the designers of this page [p.26] and the succeeding one [p.27] to look to that country for inspiration for clothes that would be unique and new and yet fit in with present-day modes and the needs and environments of American women [...] — Ladies’ Home Journal: The Chinese Summer Dress, published in June 1913: Vol 30, issue 6, p. 26 Chinese-style garments, inspired diverse Chinese-style and Manchu-style garments, designed by US designers in the 1910s, published from the Chinese Summer dress from Ladies’ Home Journal of June 1913: Vol 30 Issue 6, page 26 and 27 Garments displayed from The Chinese Summer Dress published in the Ladies’ Home Journal of June 1913, volume 30, issue 6, show influences of the Qing dynasty mandarin court gown (/wiki/Qizhuang) , especially the bufu (a mandarin court dress with a mandarin square badge (/wiki/Mandarin_square) ), the jiaoling (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Jiaoling_youren) ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) , kanjia (/wiki/Qizhuang) , mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) , yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) , yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) (a short waist-length overskirt (/wiki/Overskirt) ), piling (collar in Qing dynasty court dress), chenyi and changyi (Manchu women dresses), ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) and gua (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , as well as traditional Chinese embroideries (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) , and traditional Chinese lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) , pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) , Mandarin collars (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) , etc. [26] (#cite_note-:17-26) There are also photographic evidences of Chinese robes being used outside its wearer's home as fashion items with little or no adaption from the 1920s. [40] (#cite_note-:142-40) : 248 The loosening of women's fashion found in the 1920s loose-fitting fashion, especially the disappearance of nipped-in corset, appears to have also been influenced by the loose lines and roomy armholes of the traditional Chinese robes and jackets along with other factors, such as the experience of freedoms of elite women at that time, the sportswear-designs of Chanel, and the garment designs by Paul Poiret who designed Middle-Eastern inspired garments. [21] (#cite_note-:16-21) Cheongsam [ edit ] The cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) was created in the 1920s and was originally a symbol of women emancipation (/wiki/Women%27s_rights) in China; when it was appropriated by the West, it was turned into a high-style evening wear. [3] (#cite_note-:10-3) : 19 In the 21st century, some evening dresses designed by Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) showed the influences of the sexualized version cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) in terms of cut and the imperial five-clawed Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_dragon) dragon robes (/wiki/Dragon_robe) in terms of use of colour (e.g. imperial yellow) and Chinese motifs (such as xiangyun clouds (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) , Lishui (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) , and the Twelve Ornaments (/wiki/Twelve_Ornaments) ), as well as the Manchu's horsehoof cuffs (/wiki/Qizhuang#Characteristics_of_Qizhuang) . [28] (#cite_note-:11-28) : 269–270 [47] (#cite_note-49) Chinese shawls [ edit ] An exported white silk Chinese shawl, made for the Western market, early 20th century Chinese shawls (/wiki/Shawl) were popular among European elite style leaders in the early 20th century. However, in a report dating to 1921 written by Vogue, it was referred as Spanish shawls, and readers were informed that these shawls were imported from Venice, Spain, Persia, and the Philippines, while omitting the initial Chinese importation of these shawls when earlier importers of Chinese goods and other travellers to China were key sources for these shawls twenty years prior to the publication of the report. [48] (#cite_note-50) Spanish shawls, 2016 The Spanish shawls, also known as Manila shawls (/wiki/Manila_shawl) and mantón de Manila , have become traditional accessory for women in Spain and Latin America and is also a crucial feature in Flamenco dance (/wiki/Flamenco) costume. [49] (#cite_note-:27-51) The term Manila shawl itself is a misnomer (/wiki/Misnomer) , which appeared when the America-European people got confused concerning the origins and provenance of the shawl, thus leading to a misattribution to the Philippines. [50] (#cite_note-:28-52) : 252 These shawls of Chinese origins then became identified with Spanish ladies. [51] (#cite_note-:29-53) : 137 The Chinese shawls were manufactured in Guangdong province (/wiki/Guangdong) , China and were then introduced in Mexico and Spain from the seaport of Manila, which was where goods from Asia (including various forms of items manufactured in Guangdong) could be exported to Mexico and Europe. [49] (#cite_note-:27-51) These shawls became a popular fashion accessory for women in Spain and Latin America after the year 1821. [51] (#cite_note-:29-53) : 137 : 252 The demand for these Chinese shawls grew so much that it led to an increase in production from Chinese factories; and simultaneously, local embroiderers from Spain started to embroider their own. [49] (#cite_note-:27-51) Despite the emerging local production in Spain, a large amount of Manila shawls continued to be manufactured in China for the sole purpose of the export market. [49] (#cite_note-:27-51) The popularity of these shawls (which were actually still being produced in China) in the 19th century Europe eventually resulted in the adoption of the Chinese shawls in the traditional Spanish clothing attire. [50] (#cite_note-:28-52) With time and through various form cultural exchanges with other cultures, the Spanish shawls developed into its current style through the exposure and interaction of different cultures. [52] (#cite_note-54) Chinese shoes [ edit ] Example of a Chinese slippers, Qing dynasty. Chinese shoes have influenced the design of European slippers with turned-up toes and with small low heels of the late 1880s. [53] (#cite_note-55) : 284 In the early 20th century, Chinese slippers (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) , which were manufactured in China for American trade, were exported and sold in American stores; however, the fine grade Chinese slippers were never sold to Chinese people in America instead they were sold to American women as boudoir shoes. [54] (#cite_note-:21-56) : 21 On the other hand, local Chinese shoe companies in America would mainly sell shoes to Chinese people. [54] (#cite_note-:21-56) : 21 Controversies [ edit ] Lack of fashion myth, Western Imperialism, and Orientalism [ edit ] Though Chinese fashions had a global influence, the Chinese themselves were still perceived as being fashion-less when they did not fit the criteria of fashionable modernity. [25] (#cite_note-:5-25) Europeans had visited imperial China since the 1500s at the times of the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) and the difference of fashion was one of the first thing that they noticed. [55] (#cite_note-:2-57) : 204 "Clothing never changed in China" became a myth constructed by early European writers and foreign sojourners who visited Imperial China but lacked knowledge on Chinese fashion of the previous decades. [55] (#cite_note-:2-57) : 204 European writers at least since the 18th century, such as Jean-Baptiste Du Halde (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Du_Halde) , Fernand Braudel (/wiki/Fernand_Braudel) , had held opinions that China had a static fashion. [56] (#cite_note-:6-58) : 80 However, the descriptions of Chinese fashion by Europeans from the 16th to the 18th centuries were mainly based on their perceptions of the Chinese clothing that they saw, instead of describing Chinese garments itself. [57] (#cite_note-:7-59) : 9 In the 18th century, Jean-Baptiste Du Halde (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Du_Halde) , for example, had identified fashion as being a key difference between Europe and ancient China is the lack of changing fashion in China in his publications: [56] (#cite_note-:6-58) : 80 As for what is here called Fashion, it has nothing at all in it like what we call so in Europe, where the manner of Dress is subject to many changes — Jean-Baptiste du Halde (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_du_Halde) , French Jesuit Historian Du Halde's claims of the static fashion of China was later circulated along with his publications and consolidated the belief that Chinese people dressed in fashion-less robes in the imagination of the Europeans. [56] (#cite_note-:6-58) : 80 Ironically, Du Halde actually never went to Imperial China; however, to strengthen the veracity of his claims, Du Halde paired these images of engravings of Chinese with exhaustive descriptions of Chinese customs and relied on the accounts of other Jesuit missionaries. [56] (#cite_note-:6-58) : 80 Similar accounts continued to appear at different point of time. Western Imperialism (/wiki/Imperialism) also often accompanied Orientalism (/wiki/Orientalism) , and European imperialism was especially at its highest in the 19th century. [57] (#cite_note-:7-59) : 10 In the 19th century time, Europeans described China in binary opposition to Europe, describing China as "lacking in fashion" among many other things, while Europeans deliberately placed themselves in a superior position when they would compare themselves to the Chinese [57] (#cite_note-:7-59) : 10 as well as to other countries in Asia: [58] (#cite_note-60) : 166 Latent orientalism is an unconscious, untouchable certainty about what the Orient is, static and unanimous, separate, eccentric, backward, silently different, sensual, and passive. It has a tendency towards despotism and away from progress. [...] Its progress and value are judged in comparison to the West, so it is the Other. Many rigorous scholars [...] saw the Orient as a locale requiring Western attention, reconstruction, even redemption. — Laura Fantone quoted Said (1979), Local Invisibility, Postcolonial Feminisms Asian American Contemporary Artists in California, page 166 Works by Europeans writers which were influenced by Orientalist ideas would depict China as lacking fashion and by extension construct China as a static and unchanging nation. [59] (#cite_note-61) : 238 Compared to the Chinese, the Europeans would therefore describe themselves as "not superstitious, backwards, unhygienic, effeminate, or slavish". [57] (#cite_note-:7-59) : 10 Foot binding (/wiki/Foot_binding) , in particular, fuelled the imaginations of the Europeans and the Americans who perceived China as being "a mysterious, exotic, and barbaric Orient" where bound feet of the Chinese women became a representative of the "Chinese barbarity" and as signs of women oppression. [25] (#cite_note-:5-25) Similar ideas were also applied to other countries in the East Asia, in India, and Middle East, where the perceived lack of fashion were associated with offensive remarks on the Asian social and political systems: [60] (#cite_note-62) : 187 I confess that the unchanging fashions of the Turks and other Eastern peoples do not attract me. It seems that their fashions tend to preserve their stupid despotism. — Jean Baptiste Say (/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Say) (1829) Accusation of cultural appropriation and plagiarism [ edit ] 2022 Mamianqun and new Dior skirt from fall 2022 collection (/wiki/Mamianqun#Dior_controversy_2022) : In July 2022, Dior first was accused of cultural appropriation and design plagiarism of the traditional Han Chinese skirt, mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) . Dior was accused of cultural appropriation for a second time in July 2022 for due to its usage of pattern print which looks like the huaniaotu (/wiki/Bird-and-flower_painting) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 花鸟图 ; lit. 'bird-and-flower painting'), into its 2022 autumn and winter ready-to-wear collection and has been introduced as being Dior's signature motif Jardin d'Hiver which was inspired by Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) 's wall murals. [61] (#cite_note-63) The huaniaotu is a traditional Chinese painting theme which belong to the Chinese scholar-artist style in Chinese painting (/wiki/Chinese_painting) and originated in the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) . [62] (#cite_note-64) Related content [ edit ] Korea: Chinese influences on Korean clothing (/wiki/Chinese_influence_on_Korean_culture) Japan: Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) , Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) See also [ edit ] Fashion Chinese clothing (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) : Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) , cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Major historical events in Chinese fashion history: Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) ; Hanfu Movement (/wiki/Hanfu_Movement) Gallery [ edit ] Chinoiserie fashion Wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Brisé fan, China, c.1800 Sources of inspiration and materials in chinoiserie fashion A bufu, a mandarin court robe, with piling over the shoulders, Civil official of Qing dynasty, mid-18th century Piling collar, worn in the court robe of the Qing dynasty Inaccurate depiction of a lady in China, from the book "A collection of the dresses of different nations, ancient and modern", 1700, Qing dynasty period Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) with mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) with pleats, Hanfu, from the Boxer Codex (/wiki/Boxer_Codex) , 1500 A style of kanjia (/wiki/Qizhuang) / majia, a traditional vest, Qing dynasty, 19th century Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) and mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) with pleats, sash, and yunjian (collar) (/wiki/Yunjian) , a popular style of Hanfu in the Ming to Qing dynasty, 18th century. Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) with yaoqun and traditional Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) (decorative Chinese knot), Hanfu A style of kanjia (/wiki/Qizhuang) / majia, a traditional vest, Qing dynasty, 19th century Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) , Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , Qing dynasty, 18th century. Qing dynasty-style aoqun, consisting of ao and mamianqun with gore, traditional Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) . Example of gua jacket worn by Chinese women, Qing dynasty Chenyi, Manchu women robe (/wiki/Qizhuang) , Qing dynasty Changyi, Manchu women robe (/wiki/Qizhuang) , Qing dynasty Han Chinese women's ao with integrated yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) appliqué at the collar, Qing dynasty, late 19th century Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) , a collar used by Han Chinese women, Qing dynasty Restoration of a blue Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) embellished with fringes as part of the traditional Chinese wedding of the 19th century, Folk Customs Museum, Luoyang, China Imperial dragon robes, Qing dynasty Manchu's Horsehoofs cuffs decorated with xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) , lishui (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) , woshui, floral medaillon, and hongfu (red bats). A style of Chinese Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-43) A blue and white dress worn by Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) in 2005 by Roberto Cavalli dress with printed designs was inspired by Chinese blue and white porcelain (/wiki/Chinese_blue_and_white_porcelain) ; some dress designs Guo Pei (/wiki/Guo_Pei) in 2010–2011 was also influenced by Chinese blue and white porcelain (/wiki/Chinese_blue_and_white_porcelain) . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Such as British tea gowns of the 19th century References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Rovai, Serena (2016). Luxury the Chinese way : new competitive scenarios . Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-137-53775-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 946357865 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/946357865) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b The Berg companion to fashion . Valerie Steele. London. 2018. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4742-6471-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1101075054 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101075054) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Martin, Richard (1994). Orientalism : visions of the East in western dress . Harold Koda, Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-87099-733-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 31377749 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31377749) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sterlacci, Francesca (2017). Historical dictionary of the fashion industry . Joanne Arbuckle (Second ed.). Landham. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4422-3909-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 969439606 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/969439606) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hodacs, Hanna (2016). Silk and tea in the north : Scandinavian trade and the market for Asian goods in eighteenth-century Europe . London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-137-45544-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 949930436 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/949930436) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Evans, J. A. S. (2005). The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-32582-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 56598481 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56598481) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Grumeza, Ion (2010). The roots of Balkanization : Eastern Europe C.E. 500–1500 . Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7618-5135-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 667271461 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/667271461) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Chinoiserie Paradox: Fashion Creating the Self Through the "Other" – Compass" (https://wp.nyu.edu/compass/2018/04/24/the-chinoiserie-paradox-fashion-creating-the-self-through-the-other/) . Retrieved 15 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015). World Clothing and Fashion : an Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-45167-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 910448387 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/910448387) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Reichwein, Adolf (2013). China and Europe . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-136-20462-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 852759072 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/852759072) . ^ Jump up to: a b Lane-Poole, Stanley (1886). The Art of the Saracens in Egypt: part 1 . London: Committee of Council on Education by Chapman and Hall. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-337-83810-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1190389451 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1190389451) . ^ Jump up to: a b Koda, Harold; Martin, Richard (2004). "Orientalism: Visions of the East in Western Dress" (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/orie/hd_orie.htm) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved 12 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Indianapolis Museum of Art (1987). Eighteenth-century English porcelain in the collection of the Indianapolis Museum of Art . Catherine Beth Lippert. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-936260-11-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 18260674 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18260674) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kawamura, Yuniya (2022). Cultural appropriation in fashion and entertainment . Jung-Whan Marc De Jong. London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-350-17056-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1285370139 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1285370139) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c European perceptions of China and perspectives on the Belt and Road Initiative . Stephen Rowley. Leiden. 2021. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-46984-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1260167375 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1260167375) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Mrs Markham (1859). A History of France (PDF) . Harper & Bros. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Arnold, Rebecca (2009). Fashion : a very short introduction . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-157172-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 536239338 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/536239338) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Beyond chinoiserie : artistic exchange between China and the West during the late Qing dynasty (1796–1911) . Petra ten-Doesschate Chu, Jennifer Dawn Milam. Leiden. 2019. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-38783-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1077291584 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1077291584) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Dudley, Leonard (2017). The singularity of western innovation : the language nexus . New York. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-137-39822-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1159651833 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1159651833) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Meyer, Karl E. (2015). The China collectors : America's century-long hunt for Asian art treasures . Shareen Blair Brysac. New York. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4668-7929-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 903692961 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/903692961) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f British Modernism and Chinoiserie . Anne Witchard. 2015. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7486-9097-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 945765640 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945765640) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Irwin, Harry. ""Feast of Lanterns"" (https://images.ourontario.ca/Cobourg/19144/data) . images.ourontario.ca . Retrieved 1 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) America views China : American images of China then and now . Jonathan Goldstein, Jerry Israel, Hilary Conroy. Bethlehem [Pennsylvania]. 1991. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-934223-13-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 21340999 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21340999) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Goldstein, Joshua (2021). Remains of the everyday : a century of recycling in Beijing . Oakland, California. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-520-97139-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1157673529 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1157673529) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Chan, Heather (2017). "From Costume to Fashion: Visions of Chinese Modernity in Vogue Magazine, 1892–1943" (https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fars.13441566.0047.009) . Ars Orientalis . 47 (20220203). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.009 (https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fars.13441566.0047.009) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 2027/spo.13441566.0047.009 (https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fspo.13441566.0047.009) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2328-1286 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2328-1286) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Fashioning Empire: Chinese Chic" (https://siliconvalley.basisindependent.com/2021/04/29/fashioning-empire-chinese-chic/) . BASIS Independent Silicon Valley . 29 April 2021 . Retrieved 29 July 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Taylor, Kerry (2017). Vintage fashion & couture : from Poiret to McQueen . London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84533-856-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 976440430 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/976440430) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c The Handbook of Fashion Studies . Sandy Black, Amy De la Haye, Joanne Entwistle, Regina A. Root, Helen Thomas, Agnes Rocamora. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2014. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4725-7744-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 866442935 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/866442935) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Magazine, Wallpaper* (18 December 2019). "The China List: Christian Dior, Fashion" (https://www.wallpaper.com/w-bespoke/The-China-List-Christian-Dior-Fashion) . Wallpaper* . Retrieved 4 August 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c " (https://museeyslparis.com/en/biography/collection-les-chinoises) "Les Chinoises" Collection" (https://museeyslparis.com/en/biography/collection-les-chinoises) . Musée Yves Saint Laurent Paris . Retrieved 15 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Hanmer, Davina (1984). Diana, the fashion princess . Tim Graham (1st American ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-03-072068-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 10375648 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10375648) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Princess Diana poses with Charles . 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Lady Diana: Die Stationen ihres Lebens in Bildern" (https://www.diepresse.com/5271069/lady-diana-die-stationen-ihres-lebens-in-bildern) . Die Presse (in German). 28 August 2017. p. 3 . Retrieved 15 July 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "40 years ago, Diana wore a Chinese horse-faced skirt to the dinner party, but she didn't wear the right one, hiding the ominous signs" (https://inf.news/en/world/744c167b084b1676b5b029cce7a580ea.html) . iNews . 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b kamakshi (27 May 2011). "Louis Vuitton Chinoiserie Fan and Minaudières raise the fashion-fever in 2011" (https://luxurylaunches.com/fashion/louis_vuitton_chinoiserie_fan_and_minaudieres_raise_the_fashionfever_in_2011.php) . Luxurylaunches . Retrieved 5 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Chinoiserie at Valentino" (https://www.vogue.fr/fashion/fashion-news/diaporama/chinoiserie-at-valentino-fall-winter-2015-2016/19600) . Vogue France (in French). 12 March 2015 . Retrieved 5 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Museum, Victoria and Albert. "Evening Dress \| V&A Explore The Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O362560/) . Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections . Retrieved 10 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Lees-Maffei, Grace (2019). Reading graphic design in cultural context . Nic Maffei. London. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-350-01558-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1082136215 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1082136215) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-39) Thomas, Dana (2015). Gods and Kings : the rise and fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano . New York. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-101-61795-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 902806301 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/902806301) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c Beyond chinoiserie : artistic exchange between China and the West during the late Qing dynasty (1796–1911) . Petra ten-Doesschate Chu, Jennifer Dawn Milam. Leiden. 2019. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-38783-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1077291584 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1077291584) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Blue and White: Fashion • V&A Blog" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/blue-and-white/blue-and-white-fashion) . V&A Blog . 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 4 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Knowledge discovery and data mining . Honghua Tan. Berlin: Springer. 2012. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-642-27708-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 776878608 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/776878608) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-:03_44-0) Parkins, Ilya (2012). Cultures of Femininity in Modern Fashion . Elizabeth M. Sheehan. Hanover: University of New Hampshire Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61168-233-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 823388661 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/823388661) . ^ Jump up to: a b The Delineator . Vol. 57. Charles Dwyer, H. F.. Montgomery, R. S.. O'Loughlin. United Kingdom: Butterick Publishing Company. 1901. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-47) The Delineator . Vol. 58. Charles Dwyer, H. F. Montgomery, R. S. O'Loughlin (editors). United Kingdom: Butterick Publishing Company. 1901. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-48) The Delineator . Vol. 56. Charles Dwyer, H. F. Montgomery, R. S. O'Loughlin. United Kingdoms: Butterick Publishing Company. 1900. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-49) Yotka, Steff (4 May 2015). "The Costume Institute's Chinese Exhibit Imagines an Impossible Conversation Between the East and West" (https://www.vogue.com/article/costume-institute-china-through-the-looking-glass-exhibit-2) . Vogue . Retrieved 10 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Rethinking fashion globalization . Sarah Cheang, Erica de Greef, Yōko Takagi. London, UK. 2021. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-350-18008-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1235903211 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1235903211) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Story of the Exhibit: Manila Shawl" (http://www.fashionmuseumriga.lv/eng/kaleidoscope/manila/) . Fashion Museum . Retrieved 12 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Johnston, Patricia (2014). Global trade and visual arts in federal new england . Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61168-586-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 894739190 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/894739190) . ^ Jump up to: a b Nash, Elizabeth (2005). Seville, Córdoba, and Granada : a cultural history . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-280-53468-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 252606054 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/252606054) . ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Silk hand embroidered shawl with long fringes – China" (https://thezay.org/product/zi1995-500900-1-manila-silk-hand-embroidered-shawl-with-long-fringes-china/) . The Zay Initiative . Retrieved 12 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Tortora, Phyllis G. (2010). Survey of historic costume : a history of Western dress . Keith Eubank (5th ed.). New York, NY: Fairchild Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-56367-806-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 425839941 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/425839941) . ^ Jump up to: a b Boot and Shoe Recorder . Vol. 56. Boot and Shoe Recorder. 1909. ^ Jump up to: a b Modern Chinese literary and cultural studies in the age of theory : reimagining a field . Rey Chow. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. 2000. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8223-8016-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 51948712 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51948712) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Chen, Buyun (2019). Empire of style : silk and fashion in Tang China . Seattle. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-74531-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1101879641 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101879641) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Finnane, Antonia (2008). Changing clothes in China : fashion, history, nation . New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-14350-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 84903948 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84903948) . ^ (#cite_ref-60) Fantone, Laura (2018). Local invisibility, postcolonial feminisms : Asian American contemporary artists in California . New York, NY, U.S.A. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-137-50670-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1029545709 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1029545709) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-61) Hellman, Lisa (2019). This house is not a home : European everyday life in Canton and Macao, 1730–1830 . Leiden. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-38454-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1061817140 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1061817140) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-62) Chaudhuri, K. N. (1990). Asia before Europe : economy and civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the rise of Islam to 1750 . Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-521-30400-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 20014228 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20014228) . ^ (#cite_ref-63) Looi, Sylvia (4 August 2022). "In less than a month, French fashion brand Dior accused of cultural appropriation again" (https://www.malaymail.com/news/life/2022/08/04/in-less-than-a-month-french-fashion-brand-dior-accused-of-cultural-appropriation-again/20975) . Malay Mail . Retrieved 4 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-64) "Flower-and-Bird Paintings" (http://en.chinaculture.org/gb/en_artqa/2004-02/18/content_46038.htm) . en.chinaculture.org . Retrieved 4 August 2022 . v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) 19th century (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) 21st century (/wiki/21st_century_in_fashion) Events 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(/wiki/Islamic_fashion) Modest fashion (/wiki/Modest_fashion) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) British country clothing (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) Chic (/wiki/Chic) Cruise collection (/wiki/Cruise_collection) Preppy (/wiki/Preppy) Ivy League (/wiki/Ivy_League_(clothes)) Mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) Sloane Ranger (/wiki/Sloane_Ranger) Teddy Boys (/wiki/Teddy_Boys) Young fogey (/wiki/Young_fogey) Street fashion (/wiki/Street_fashion) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) Hippie (/wiki/Hippie#Art_and_fashion) Hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) Sportswear fashion (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Surfwear (/wiki/Surfwear) Ghetto fabulous (/wiki/Ghetto_fabulous) Bling-bling (/wiki/Bling-bling) Vintage fashion (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Alternative (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) Androgyny 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(/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Japanese fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria) Russian fashion (/wiki/Russian_fashion) South Korean fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) Swedish fashion (/wiki/Swedish_fashion) Thai fashion (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Fashion activism (/wiki/Fashion_activism) Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) See also Ballet and fashion (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion) Capsule wardrobe (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) Chinoiserie in fashion Dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Music and fashion (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) Fashion victim (/wiki/Fashion_victim) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report 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Registered tartans for Australia, its capital city and States Australian National tartan District tartans (/wiki/Tartan#Regional) for the Commonwealth of Australia (/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia) and for each of its constituent States (/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia) have been registered in the Scottish Register of Tartans (/wiki/Scottish_Register_of_Tartans) (SRT). Additionally, fashion tartans covering either Australia as a whole, or its capital city, Canberra (/wiki/Canberra) , have been registered in the SRT, as have district tartans in respect of some of Australia's local government areas (/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia) . Some of those registered tartans have been officially adopted, approved or procured by the relevant district. Most of the rest of them have been registered either with some form of official permission or support, or with the endorsement of an organisation based within the relevant district. This article lists the registered tartans, and also provides information about their origins, registration, and legal status. Legal status [ edit ] Main article: Scottish Register of Tartans (/wiki/Scottish_Register_of_Tartans) The SRT was established by the government of Scotland (/wiki/Government_of_Scotland) in November 2008, and was launched in February 2009. [1] (#cite_note-srt_about_us-1) Its function is to record known historical tartans and register new tartan designs. [1] (#cite_note-srt_about_us-1) Any person, from anywhere in the world, can apply to register a new tartan. [2] (#cite_note-srt_home-2) For a design to be registered as a new tartan: the design must meet the definition of tartan contained in the Scottish Register of Tartans Act 2008 ; it must be a new design, unique to the Register, and there must be a clear link between the person registering the tartan and the proposed tartan name. [3] (#cite_note-srt_registering-3) The name of a district will not be included in the name of a registered tartan unless the SRT has been satisfied that the inclusion of that district's name has at least some official backing. [4] (#cite_note-srt_tartan_name-4) However, the registration of a tartan in the SRT as a district tartan, or as another type of tartan that includes the name of a district, does not automatically confer upon the tartan the status of an official symbol or emblem of the district, or any copyright or other protection. [5] (#cite_note-srt_copyright-5) [6] (#cite_note-srt_restrictions-6) None of the district or fashion tartans registered in the SRT and covering the whole of Australia have been officially adopted as a national symbol (/wiki/National_symbols_of_Australia) . [7] (#cite_note-au_parlt_symbols-7) [8] (#cite_note-au_exec_symbols-8) However, the Australian National tartan was so named with the written permission of the then National Symbols Officer of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (/wiki/Department_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet_(Australia)) , [9] (#cite_note-srt_an-9) [10] (#cite_note-sta_an-10) and the Army Dress Manual of the Australian Army (/wiki/Australian_Army) mandates the use of one of the other countrywide district tartans, namely The Australia tartan, in certain circumstances. [11] (#cite_note-adm_2013-11) As indicated below, the tartans registered as the district tartans of the States of South Australia (/wiki/South_Australia) , Victoria (/wiki/Victoria,_Australia) , and, according to some sources (including the SRT itself), also Queensland (/wiki/Queensland) and Tasmania (/wiki/Tasmania) , have been officially adopted, approved or procured by the relevant State. Additionally, and again as indicated below, some of the district tartans registered in respect of certain local government areas in Australia have similarly been officially adopted by the government of the relevant area. [9] (#cite_note-srt_an-9) [12] (#cite_note-srt_a-12) [13] (#cite_note-srt_ad-13) [14] (#cite_note-srt_a_2000-14) [15] (#cite_note-srt_nsw-15) [16] (#cite_note-srt_qld-16) [17] (#cite_note-srt_sao-17) [18] (#cite_note-srt_tas-18) [19] (#cite_note-srt_vic-19) [20] (#cite_note-srt_wa-20) National tartans [ edit ] Australian National tartan [ edit ] The district tartan known as the Australian National tartan (shown above) was designed specifically as a national tartan by Betty Johnston of the House of Tartan, Canberra. It was recorded by the predecessor databases of the SRT with effect from 1 August 2002, and has since been registered in the SRT. [9] (#cite_note-srt_an-9) Earlier, on 22 March 2002, the then National Symbols Officer of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet had given permission for the tartan to be described as the 'national tartan for Australia'. However, the letter of authorisation made clear that such use of the name 'did not mean' that the tartan had been, or would be, adopted as an official national symbol of Australia, [9] (#cite_note-srt_an-9) [10] (#cite_note-sta_an-10) and it has not since then been so adopted. [7] (#cite_note-au_parlt_symbols-7) [8] (#cite_note-au_exec_symbols-8) The tartan is made up of six colours, namely red, white, blue, green, gold, and black. [9] (#cite_note-srt_an-9) [10] (#cite_note-sta_an-10) The registration notes in its SRT entry state that: "... red, white and blue are the colours of the Australia national flag (/wiki/Flag_of_Australia) ; the six white stripes represent the Southern Cross constellation (/wiki/Crux) ; the red and white stripes represent the English cross of St George (/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross) ; the white cross on a dark blue background represents the Scottish flag of St Andrew (/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland) ; the red diagonal cross represents St Patrick of Ireland (/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire) ; green and gold were proclaimed as Australia's national colours (/wiki/National_colours_of_Australia) in 1984; the black stripes represent Australia as a convict settlement." [9] (#cite_note-srt_an-9) Other national tartans [ edit ] The Australia tartan Australia Dress tartan Australia 2000 tartan Australian Spirit tartan Spirit of Australia tartan Several other tartans have been registered as district tartans applying to the whole of Australia. [12] (#cite_note-srt_a-12) [13] (#cite_note-srt_ad-13) [14] (#cite_note-srt_a_2000-14) The Australia tartan (also known as the Australian tartan) was the winner of a national competition held by the Scottish Australian Heritage Council. It was designed by John Reid, a Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) architect, was recorded in the SRT's predecessor registers in 1984, and has since been registered in the SRT. It is also a registered design in Australia (/wiki/Industrial_design_right#Australia) (No. 97439). The Australia tartan was launched in Sydney at the 1988 Scottish Week by Guest of Honour The (then) Countess of Sutherland (/wiki/Elizabeth_Sutherland,_24th_Countess_of_Sutherland) . [21] (#cite_note-sahc_faqs-21) According to the registration notes in its SRT entry, its sett or pattern is that of the tartan of Lachlan Macquarie (/wiki/Lachlan_Macquarie) , who was appointed in 1809 as the second Scottish-born Governor of New South Wales (/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales) , and its colours are "... based on ... the warm colours of the 'outback' ..." [12] (#cite_note-srt_a-12) Although The Australia tartan has never been recognised as an official national symbol, [22] (#cite_note-sta_a-22) the Army Dress Manual mandates its use in certain circumstances. [11] (#cite_note-adm_2013-11) In particular: "When two or more RAR (/wiki/Royal_Australian_Regiment) Battalion (/wiki/Battalion) Pipes and Drums Bands (/wiki/Pipe_band) are on parade (/wiki/Military_parade#Australia_and_New_Zealand) as a regiment (/wiki/Regiment) , en masse, or with other units (/wiki/Military_unit) , they are only authorised to wear the Australian tartan." [11] (#cite_note-adm_2013-11) : 5E–6 The Australia Dress tartan was also designed by John Reid, and was intended to complement The Australia tartan. It was recorded by 1988 and later registered in the SRT. As with The Australia tartan, its sett is based on that of the tartan of Lachlan Macquarie. [13] (#cite_note-srt_ad-13) [23] (#cite_note-sta_ad-23) Another district tartan, known as the Australia 2000 tartan, was recorded prior to 2002 and has since been registered in the SRT. Its SRT entry provides very little further information about it. [14] (#cite_note-srt_a_2000-14) [24] (#cite_note-sta_a_2000-24) Two additional tartans covering the whole of Australia are registered in the SRT as fashion tartans. [25] (#cite_note-srt_as-25) [26] (#cite_note-srt_soa-26) The Australian Spirit tartan was designed by David McGill and registered on 13 January 2016. [25] (#cite_note-srt_as-25) Its SRT entry describes it as "A fashion tartan for everyday wear using the historic green and gold colours of Australia." [25] (#cite_note-srt_as-25) The Spirit of Australia tartan, designed by Greg McAdam of Perth, Western Australia (/wiki/Perth) , was registered on 25 January 2022. [26] (#cite_note-srt_soa-26) According to its SRT entry, it is: "A fashion tartan for everyday wear to celebrate Australia and all it stands for: blue for the Oceans; red for the soils; yellow representing gold for the minerals; white for the sandy beaches and grey for Australia's necessary rains." [26] (#cite_note-srt_soa-26) The designer, who operates a tartan shop, had been working on the design for some time when he was approached by Craig Hollywood, an Australian of Scottish origin. Hollywood had won the annual WA Local Hero award for his work with a charity, Short Back and Sidewalks, and was looking for a kilt to wear to the national award ceremony in Canberra. With that specific initial purpose in mind, the designer had the tartan registered as the Spirit of Australia tartan, on the basis that its design had been inspired by Australia's natural landscape. The federal MP for Perth (/wiki/Division_of_Perth) , Patrick Gorman (/wiki/Patrick_Gorman_(politician)) , provided an official letter of endorsement supporting the use of "Australia" in its name. [27] (#cite_note-pvi_2022-01-21-27) [28] (#cite_note-abc_2022-03-12-28) Canberra tartan [ edit ] City of Canberra tartan The City of Canberra (/wiki/Canberra) tartan was designed in 1997 by Peter Burrows and Stewart Smith, who were then members of the Canberra City Pipes and Drums band (CCPD). The tartan was also recorded that year, and has since been registered in the SRT. The CCPD had been established in 1990, and the tartan was created to assist in making the band "distinctively Canberra". [29] (#cite_note-srt_coc-29) [30] (#cite_note-sta_coc-30) [31] (#cite_note-abc_2018-03-01-31) The SRT entry for the tartan states that its colours are "... dark blue for the Canberra flag (/wiki/Flag_of_the_Australian_Capital_Territory) [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ], gold (yellow) and white for the stars on the Canberra flag and medium blue for the Canberra Bluebell (/wiki/Wahlenbergia_gloriosa) ." [29] (#cite_note-srt_coc-29) Technically, the tartan is registered as a fashion tartan, not a district tartan. [29] (#cite_note-srt_coc-29) It has also not been formally adopted as an official emblem either of the city of Canberra, or of the Australian Capital Territory (/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory) (ACT), of which the city is a part. [31] (#cite_note-abc_2018-03-01-31) However, the tartan is supported by the ACT Government and is worn by Canberra's official town crier (/wiki/Town_crier#Modern_town_criers) . [31] (#cite_note-abc_2018-03-01-31) Members of the CCPD have similarly worn the tartan during guest appearances at a number of Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoos (/wiki/Royal_Edinburgh_Military_Tattoo) , and also while performing at the Great Wall of China (/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China) , Red Square (/wiki/Red_Square) in Moscow, and the XX Commonwealth Games (/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games) , which were held in Glasgow in 2014. [31] (#cite_note-abc_2018-03-01-31) A different tartan, known as the Hall tartan, was designed by Betty Johnston for the small village of Hall (/wiki/Hall,_Australian_Capital_Territory) , in the north of the ACT near the border with New South Wales. [31] (#cite_note-abc_2018-03-01-31) [32] (#cite_note-srt_hact-32) It was registered by the SRT as a district tartan on 28 March 2017. [32] (#cite_note-srt_hact-32) The village is not governed separately from the rest of the ACT, [33] (#cite_note-peo_tllm-33) and the tartan's registration was endorsed by the Hall Village & District Progress Association. [34] (#cite_note-hall_letter-34) State tartans [ edit ] New South Wales [ edit ] New South Wales tartan The New South Wales (/wiki/New_South_Wales) tartan was designed in 1998 by Betty and Bradley Johnston of Murrumbateman (/wiki/Murrumbateman) . Its initial purpose was to raise funds for two charities, namely the Cerebral Palsy Association of Australia (/wiki/Cerebral_palsy) and the Motor Neurone Association of Australia (/wiki/Motor_neuron_disease) . [15] (#cite_note-srt_nsw-15) [35] (#cite_note-sta_nsw-35) On 4 May 2000, according to the tartan's entry in the SRT and the corresponding web page of the Scottish Tartans Authority (/wiki/Scottish_Tartans_Authority) (STA), the tartan was launched at Glen Innes, New South Wales (/wiki/Glen_Innes,_New_South_Wales) , as the State tartan. [15] (#cite_note-srt_nsw-15) [35] (#cite_note-sta_nsw-35) However, it is not included in the list of State emblems published by the executive arm of the government of New South Wales (/wiki/Government_of_New_South_Wales) . [36] (#cite_note-nsw_exec_emblems-36) The tartan was recorded prior to the commencement of the SRT in 2009, and is also registered in the SRT as a district tartan. [15] (#cite_note-srt_nsw-15) The records of the STA include the following: "Design rationale: GREEN - Represents the sawtooth shaped green leaves of the floral emblem (/wiki/List_of_Australian_floral_emblems) the Waratah (/wiki/Waratah) flower, ( Telopea speciosissima (/wiki/Telopea_speciosissima) ) the State Emblem proclaimed in 1962. Green also represents the evergreen perpetuity of the NSW tartan as one on the first registered and accredited Australian State tartans. RED - Red represents the Union Jack (/wiki/Union_Jack) first raised on Australian soil by Captain James Cook (/wiki/James_Cook) at Sting Ray Harbour ( Botany Bay (/wiki/Botany_Bay) ) in 1770. Red is symbolic of the St George Cross and the Floral Emblem, the red Waratah (Telopea speciosissima). GOLD - Signifies the Golden Fleece (/wiki/Golden_Fleece) , the sheaves of wheat and the rising sun, which symbolises agriculture in the State of NSW appearing on the coat of Arms (/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_New_South_Wales) . Gold is representative of the Golden Lion on the Cross of St George and the four, eight pointed stars representing the Southern Cross Constellation, which is unique to this hemisphere. BLACK - Signifies the uniqueness of the Black Opal (/wiki/Opal#Australia) found in the mines of North Western NSW. Is symbolic of the borders within Australia as the beginning of a penal colony." [35] (#cite_note-sta_nsw-35) District tartans have also been registered in the SRT in relation to the New South Wales local government areas (/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_New_South_Wales) covering Glen Innes, [37] (#cite_note-srt_gi-37) [38] (#cite_note-sta_gi-38) Queanbeyan (/wiki/Queanbeyan) , [39] (#cite_note-srt_q-39) and Wagga Wagga (/wiki/Wagga_Wagga) , [40] (#cite_note-srt_ww-40) [41] (#cite_note-sta_ww-41) respectively. The Glen Innes tartan is an official logo of the Glen Innes Severn Council (/wiki/Glen_Innes_Severn) , [42] (#cite_note-gisc_lug_2019-42) and the design and registration of the Queanbeyan tartan were procured by the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council (/wiki/Queanbeyan%E2%80%93Palerang_Regional_Council) , using funds provided by the government of New South Wales. [39] (#cite_note-srt_q-39) [43] (#cite_note-cbrcn_2019-02-11-43) [44] (#cite_note-qprc_agenda_2019-11-27-44) Glen Innes tartan Queanbeyan tartan Wagga Wagga tartan Queensland [ edit ] Queensland tartan The design and first weaving of the Queensland (/wiki/Queensland) tartan were completed in 1995 by Jack Allen, [45] (#cite_note-jol_2014-06-16-45) [46] (#cite_note-sta_qld-46) a Bundaberg (/wiki/Bundaberg) cane farmer and "renowned weaver", [45] (#cite_note-jol_2014-06-16-45) after "four years in the planning". [45] (#cite_note-jol_2014-06-16-45) The tartan was showcased in an article in The Sunday Mail (/wiki/The_Sunday_Mail_(Brisbane)) of Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) on 19 November 1995, and was also welcomed and praised by the Scottish Tartans Society (/wiki/Scottish_Tartans_Society) . [45] (#cite_note-jol_2014-06-16-45) Before Allen died in May 1997, he asked the Society of St Andrew of Scotland (Bundaberg Branch) and the Scottish Clans Congress of Queensland to help him promote it. [46] (#cite_note-sta_qld-46) According to the tartan's entry in the records of the STA, "There were unsuccessful representations to two governments". [46] (#cite_note-sta_qld-46) The tartan is not included in the lists of Queensland emblems published by the legislative and executive arms of the government of Queensland (/wiki/Government_of_Queensland) . [47] (#cite_note-qld_parlt_emblems-47) [48] (#cite_note-qld_corp_id-48) [49] (#cite_note-qld_exec_emblems-49) However, another source asserts that the then Premier of Queensland (/wiki/Premier_of_Queensland) , Peter Beattie (/wiki/Peter_Beattie) , "officially approved" the tartan in May 2000, [50] (#cite_note-tsb_2007-05-50) and the registration notes in its SRT entry as a district tartan declare that the then Governor of Queensland (/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland) recorded its threadcount (/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement#Thread_count) in the Lyon Court Books (/wiki/Court_of_the_Lord_Lyon) (writs section) on 6 February 2001. [16] (#cite_note-srt_qld-16) The SRT registration notes go on to provide the following explication of the tartan: "Colours: white represents the small amount of cloud in the winter time; azure represents the clear blue winter sky; royal blue represents the Coral Sea (/wiki/Coral_Sea) , blue in Hervey Bay (/wiki/Hervey_Bay_(Queensland)) , Whitsunday Passage (/wiki/Whitsunday_Passage) and Hinchinbrook (/wiki/Hinchinbrook,_Queensland) ; yellow represents the tropical beaches of Queensland (/wiki/Category:Beaches_of_Queensland) , sun and sand; green represents the mountain forests, hardwood forests, pine forests, the grazing fields and farms; lilac represents the flowers of the sugar cane; crimson represents the States's floral emblem (/wiki/List_of_Australian_floral_emblems) , the Cooktown Orchid (/wiki/Dendrobium_bigibbum) ." [16] (#cite_note-srt_qld-16) The SRT also lists a district tartan for the small village of Dalveen (/wiki/Dalveen,_Queensland) in the local government area (/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Queensland) of Southern Downs Region (/wiki/Southern_Downs_Region) . [51] (#cite_note-srt_d,qld-51) The tartan was designed and first woven by a then 83-year-old Dalveen resident, Norma Marsh, and was recorded by the STA in 2004 after being submitted by the Dalveen Sports Club. [51] (#cite_note-srt_d,qld-51) [52] (#cite_note-sta_d,qld-52) It has since been described as Dalveen's "very own tartan". [53] (#cite_note-cj_2021-09-06-53) South Australia [ edit ] South Australia Official tartan The origins of the South Australia Official (/wiki/South_Australia) tartan can be traced back at least as far as about 1999, when a tartan designed by Betty Johnston and named the South Australia tartan was recorded, subject to the notation "Awaiting approval of the State to become the official tartan in 1999". [54] (#cite_note-srt_sa-54) [55] (#cite_note-sta_sa-55) When the STA later sought clarification from "Ann Brine of SA", the response was that "... no-one had ever seen it before and it certainly wasn't the official SA tartan". [55] (#cite_note-sta_sa-55) It is categorised by the SRT as a fashion tartan. [54] (#cite_note-srt_sa-54) In 2008, a different tartan, also designed by Betty Johnston, was officially accepted by the "Scottish Association" as the State tartan. [17] (#cite_note-srt_sao-17) That tartan was recorded the same year (STA ref: 7956; STWR ref: 3281), and was subsequently registered in the SRT as a district tartan and named the South Australia Official tartan (SRT ref: 5990). [17] (#cite_note-srt_sao-17) According to The Scottish Associations of South Australia: "The ... tartan was designed to recognise the significance of the various colours associated with South Australia. Red Represents the Sturt's Desert Pea ( Swainsona formosa (/wiki/Swainsona_formosa) ) the State's official flower emblem proclaimed on 23rd November 1961, which is situated on the State official Coat of Arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Australia) . It further symbolises the Red Cross of St George on the Union Jack. Black Represents the piping shrike (/wiki/Piping_shrike) (or white backed magpie Gymnorhina tibicen teloncua) displayed proper on the gold background. The fine black lines depict the borders of this original historic free State of South Australia. Gold Symbolises the yellow rising sun of the Coat of arms of South Australia (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_South_Australia) proclaimed official by Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) on 19th April 1984. It is one of South Australia's official State colours and the backdrop to the piping shrike on the coat of arm and the, which is centred on the state flag (/wiki/Flag_of_South_Australia) . Blue Represents the Flag of South Australia (/wiki/Flag_of_South_Australia) (based on the British Blue Ensign (/wiki/Blue_Ensign) ) proclaimed on 13th January 1904 as the State flag. Green Represents the grassy mount or grasslands, a symbol of agriculture on which rests South Australia's official Coat of Arms. A combination of all the colours within the tartan is a reminder of the Desert Fire opal (/wiki/Opal#Australia) , the State gemstone emblem, adopted by the South Australian Government in 1985." [56] (#cite_note-scotasa_tartan-56) On 18 February 2018, the then Premier of South Australia (/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia) , Jay Weatherill (/wiki/Jay_Weatherill) , announced that the South Australia Official tartan had "... officially been adopted for the State of South Australia." [57] (#cite_note-abc_2018-02-22-57) [58] (#cite_note-adelaideaz_tartan-58) The tartan's official status is confirmed by a web page of the Department of the Premier and Cabinet (/wiki/Department_of_the_Premier_and_Cabinet_(South_Australia)) of the government of South Australia (/wiki/Government_of_South_Australia) , which identifies it by its STWR (/wiki/Scottish_Tartans_World_Register) reference number. [59] (#cite_note-sa_insignia_emblems-59) Tasmania [ edit ] Tasmanian tartan The Tasmanian (/wiki/Tasmania) tartan was designed and first woven by Isabella Lamont Shorrock in about 1988. [18] (#cite_note-srt_tas-18) [60] (#cite_note-sta_tas-60) [61] (#cite_note-bothwell_spinin_tartan-61) The designer had been born in Scotland, and had learned to weave with the help of members of the Handweavers, Spinners and Dyers Guild of Tasmania. [61] (#cite_note-bothwell_spinin_tartan-61) She first presented the tartan to the Waverley Woollen Mills in Waverley, Northern Tasmania (/wiki/Waverley,_Tasmania) , but although the Woollen Mills were enthusiastic, they did not take the matter any further, for financial reasons. [61] (#cite_note-bothwell_spinin_tartan-61) The designer later opened the Lamont Weaving shop and studio in Bothwell, Tasmania (/wiki/Bothwell,_Tasmania) , where she produced and sold both woollen and alpaca scarves featuring the design. [61] (#cite_note-bothwell_spinin_tartan-61) In 1999, Tamie Fraser (/wiki/Tamie_Fraser) , the wife of a past Prime Minister of Australia (/wiki/Spouse_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Australia) , Malcolm Fraser (/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser) , officially opened the International Highland SPINin at Bothwell, and made the first presentation of the tartan to the public. Subsequently, the designer closed her shop and retired, and the original tartan was "not heard of" for a while. It was later purchased and put on display at the 2007 Bothwell SPINin, during which reproductions of it were available for sale. [61] (#cite_note-bothwell_spinin_tartan-61) The tartan was recorded prior to the launch of the SRT in 2009, [18] (#cite_note-srt_tas-18) [60] (#cite_note-sta_tas-60) and is also registered in the SRT as a district tartan. [18] (#cite_note-srt_tas-18) Although it is not included in the lists of State emblems and symbols published by the legislative and executive arms of the government of Tasmania (/wiki/Government_of_Tasmania) , [62] (#cite_note-tas_parlt_emblems-62) [63] (#cite_note-tas_exec_symbols-63) its entry in the SRT, and the corresponding web page of the STA's website, both assert that it was recognised in 1999 as the official State tartan. [18] (#cite_note-srt_tas-18) [60] (#cite_note-sta_tas-60) The explication of its colours by the organisers of the Bothwell SPINin, reproduced by both the SRT and the STA, is: "The blue-green-grey, the rich red and the yellows found in Tasmania's Highland and Midland landscapes with their deep red soils, the blue gums and the wattles all of which are all so familiar to people who live in Tasmania." [18] (#cite_note-srt_tas-18) [60] (#cite_note-sta_tas-60) [61] (#cite_note-bothwell_spinin_tartan-61) Victoria [ edit ] Victoria State (Official) tartan The Victoria State (Official) (/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)) tartan was designed by Betty Johnston and recorded in November 1998. It has since been registered in the SRT as a district tartan. [19] (#cite_note-srt_vic-19) [64] (#cite_note-sta_vic-64) In 2005, the State of Victoria acquired its copyright, [64] (#cite_note-sta_vic-64) and in June 2008 the then Premier of Victoria (/wiki/Premier_of_Victoria) , John Brumby (/wiki/John_Brumby) , announced that it had been adopted as the Victorian state tartan. [64] (#cite_note-sta_vic-64) [65] (#cite_note-abc_2008-06-11-65) [66] (#cite_note-ta_2008-06-13-66) As such, it is included in the list of state emblems published by the government of Victoria (/wiki/Government_of_Victoria) , [67] (#cite_note-vic_exec_emblems-67) which provides the following explication: "The colours of the Victorian State tartan are blue, white, green and pink. Blue represents the colours of the shield on the Victorian Coat of Arms (/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Victoria_(Australia)) and represents the background of the Eureka Stockade Flag (/wiki/Eureka_Flag) . The 5 white lines on the State Tartan represent the 5 white stars of the Southern Cross. These appear on both the Victorian Coat of Arms and the Eureka Stockade Flag. Green represents the olive branch on the Victorian Coat of Arms. Pink represents the Victorian floral emblem, the common heath (/wiki/Epacris_impressa) ." [67] (#cite_note-vic_exec_emblems-67) The tartan is also the official tartan of the Melbourne Highland Games & Celtic Festival. [68] (#cite_note-mhgcf_tartan-68) During an official visit to Balmoral Castle (/wiki/Balmoral_Castle) in Scotland on 5 October 2009, then Premier Brumby presented Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) with a Victoria State tartan throw rug, together with matching ties (/wiki/Necktie) for Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh) , Prince Charles (/wiki/Charles_III) , the then Prince of Wales (/wiki/Prince_of_Wales) , and princes William (/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales) and Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) , and a neck scarf for Princess Anne (/wiki/Princess_Anne) , the Princess Royal (/wiki/Princess_Royal) . [69] (#cite_note-ta_2009-10-06-69) [70] (#cite_note-abc_2009-10-06-70) The SRT has also registered district tartans for two of Victoria's regional cities. [71] (#cite_note-srt_ballarat-71) [72] (#cite_note-srt_bendigo-72) The Ballarat (/wiki/Ballarat) tartan was designed by Ben Cox of the Art Gallery of Ballarat (/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Ballarat) , for the exhibition 'For Auld Lang Syne: Images of Scottish Australia, from First Fleet to Federation', which was held from April to July 2014. [71] (#cite_note-srt_ballarat-71) [73] (#cite_note-tc_2014-05-09-73) [74] (#cite_note-vshcf_alse-74) With the endorsement of the then Mayor of Ballarat, it was registered by the SRT on 12 February 2014, [71] (#cite_note-srt_ballarat-71) and it is also recorded by the STA. [75] (#cite_note-sta_ballarat-75) The Bendigo (/wiki/Bendigo) tartan was the brainchild of Chris Earl, director of the city's annual Scots Day Out. [72] (#cite_note-srt_bendigo-72) [76] (#cite_note-abc_2016-01-15-76) He completed its design on 14 September 2014, [72] (#cite_note-srt_bendigo-72) and in August 2015 it was officially adopted by the City of Greater Bendigo (/wiki/City_of_Greater_Bendigo) . [76] (#cite_note-abc_2016-01-15-76) [77] (#cite_note-ba_2016-01-13-77) The tartan was registered by the SRT on 9 September 2015, [72] (#cite_note-srt_bendigo-72) and its first bolt (/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)) was rolled out in Rosalind Park (/wiki/Rosalind_Park) , Bendigo, on 13 January 2016. [77] (#cite_note-ba_2016-01-13-77) Ballarat tartan Bendigo tartan Western Australia [ edit ] Western Australia (Scottish Associations) tartan The Western Australia (Scottish Associations) (/wiki/Western_Australia) tartan was designed by B & B Johnston. [20] (#cite_note-srt_wa-20) [78] (#cite_note-sta_wa-78) After being endorsed by Peter Watson (/wiki/Peter_Watson_(politician)) , then the Member for Albany (/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Albany) in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly (/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly) , it was registered as a district tartan in the SRT on 22 November 2011. [20] (#cite_note-srt_wa-20) Earlier, on 23 May 2011, it had been recorded in the database of the STA. [78] (#cite_note-sta_wa-78) The tartan's entry in the SRT and the corresponding web page of the STA provide the following explication: "The predominantly black sett is historically and symbolically linked to the black swan (/wiki/Black_swan) , used as an emblem of the state of Western Australia from 1830. The red and green represent the floral emblem, the Red and Green Kangaroo paw (/wiki/Anigozanthos_manglesii) . The red lines are also symbolic of the large land mass and extensive mineral wealth of Western Australia. The white reflects the Southern Cross Constellation which is unique to Australia." [20] (#cite_note-srt_wa-20) The Caledonian Society of Albany have petitioned the Premier of Western Australia (/wiki/Premier_of_Western_Australia) to have the tartan proclaimed as the Western Australia tartan. [20] (#cite_note-srt_wa-20) However, it is not included in the lists of State symbols published by the legislative and executive arms of the government of Western Australia (/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia) . [79] (#cite_note-wa_parlt_symbols-79) [80] (#cite_note-wa_exec_symbols-80) See also [ edit ] National symbols of Australia (/wiki/National_symbols_of_Australia) List of symbols of states and territories of Australia (/wiki/List_of_symbols_of_states_and_territories_of_Australia) List of tartans (/wiki/List_of_tartans) Regional tartans of Canada (/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada) , officially recognised tartans of the provinces and territories of Canada (created since the 1950s) List of U.S. state tartans (/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_tartans) , officially recognised tartans of states in the US (created since the 1980s) Sillitoe tartan (/wiki/Sillitoe_tartan) , the nickname given to the distinctive chequered pattern (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) that has become the ubiquitous symbol of policing in Australia References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "About Us" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/aboutUs) . Scottish Register of Tartans (/wiki/Scottish_Register_of_Tartans) . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-srt_home_2-0) "Home" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/index) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-srt_registering_3-0) "Guidance - Registering a tartan" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/registerGuidance) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-srt_tartan_name_4-0) "Guidance - Tartan name" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/name) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-srt_copyright_5-0) "Guidance - Copyright and design right" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/copyrightDesignRight) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-srt_restrictions_6-0) "Guidance - Restrictions" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/restrictions) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "National symbols" (https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/parliament-house/national-symbols/) . Parliamentary Education Office, Parliament of Australia (/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia) . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Australian National Symbols" (https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-symbols) . Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia) (/wiki/Department_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet_(Australia)) . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Tartan Details - Australian National (STA ref: 6098; STWR ref: 2742; SRT ref: 140)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=140) . Scottish Register of Tartans (/wiki/Scottish_Register_of_Tartans) . Retrieved 24 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Display \| Australian National (Fashion) (ITI Number: 6098)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/6098/australian-national-fashion) . Scottish Tartans Authority (/wiki/Scottish_Tartans_Authority) . Retrieved 25 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Army Dress Manual (PDF) . Canberra: Defence Publishing, Library and Information Service, Department of Defence (/wiki/Department_of_Defence_(Australia)) . 1 February 2013 . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . (Effective date 20 December 2019) ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Details - Australia, The (STA ref: 611; STWR ref: 611; SRT ref: 141)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=141) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 25 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Details - Australia Dress (STA ref: 612; STWR ref: 612; SRT ref: 139)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=139) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Details - Australia 2000 (STA ref: 4148; SRT ref: 138)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=138) . Scottish Register of Tartans . 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Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Tartan Details - Victoria State (Australia) (STA ref: 2509; STWR ref: 2509; SRT ref: 4454)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=4454) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Tartan Details - Western Australia (Scottish Associations) (SRT ref: 10513)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=10513) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-sahc_faqs_21-0) "SAHC FAQs: The Australia tartan" (https://www.scottishaustralianheritagecouncil.com.au/faq.htm) . Scottish Australian Heritage Council . Retrieved 1 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-sta_a_22-0) "Tartan Display \| Australia - 1984 (District) (ITI Number: 611)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/611/australia-1984-district) . Scottish Tartans Authority . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-sta_ad_23-0) "Tartan Display \| Australia Dress (Fashion) (ITI Number: 612)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/612/australia-dress-fashion) . Scottish Tartans Authority . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-sta_a_2000_24-0) "Tartan Display \| Australia 2000 (Fashion) (ITI Number: 4148)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/4148/australia-2000-fashion) . Scottish Tartans Authority . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Details - Australian Spirit (SRT ref: 11443)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=11443) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Details - Spirit of Australia (SRT ref: 13400)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=13400) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-pvi_2022-01-21_27-0) Bell, David (21 January 2022). "Och aye! 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"The chequered history of Canberra's tartan" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-01/the-chequered-history-of-canberra-tartan/9492876) . ABC News . Retrieved 26 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Tartan Details - Hall (SRT ref: 11754)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=11754) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-peo_tllm_33-0) Three Levels of Law-Making , Parliamentary Education Office, archived from the original (http://www.peo.gov.au/students/fact_sheets/three_levels_law-making.html) on 16 May 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-hall_letter_34-0) Letter from HVDPA to The House of Tartans (PDF) , Hall, ACT: Hall Village & District Progress Association, 25 March 2017 , retrieved 20 September 2022 ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Display \| New South Wales (District) (ITI Number: 2492)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/2492/new-south-wales-district) . Scottish Tartans Authority . 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Retrieved 25 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Tasmania's Tartan SPINin Story" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060819154016/http://www.bothwellspinin.com/TARTANstory.htm) . Bothwell SPINin . 7 February 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.bothwellspinin.com/TARTANstory.htm) on 19 August 2006 . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-tas_parlt_emblems_62-0) "Tasmanian State Emblems" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220708125327/https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/infosheets/stateemblems.htm) . Parliament of Tasmania (/wiki/Parliament_of_Tasmania) . Archived from the original (https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/infosheets/stateemblems.htm) on 8 July 2022 . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-tas_exec_symbols_63-0) "State symbols" (https://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/People_Performance_and_Governance/Executive_Services/protocol_office/state_symbols#:~:text=Faunal%20emblem,-Copyright%3A%20Tasmanian%20Devil&text=The%20Tasmanian%20devil%2C%20Sarcophilus%20harrisii,Tasmania%20where%20it%20is%20widespread.) . Department of Premier and Cabinet (Tasmania) (/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Premier_and_Cabinet_(Tasmania)&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Display \| Victoria (Australia) (ITI Number: 2509)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/2509/victoria-australia) . Scottish Tartans Authority . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-abc_2008-06-11_65-0) "Victoria tarts up with colourful tartan" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-06-11/victoria-tarts-up-with-colourful-tartan/2468352) . ABC News . 11 June 2008 . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-ta_2008-06-13_66-0) Perkins, Miki (13 June 2008). "Och, it's our own tartan" (https://www.theage.com.au/national/och-its-our-own-tartan-20080612-2pqi.html) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Victoria's state emblems" (https://www.vic.gov.au/victorias-state-emblems) . Government of Victoria (/wiki/Government_of_Victoria) . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-mhgcf_tartan_68-0) "Tartan" (https://melbournehighlandgames.org.au/tartan/) . Melbourne Highland Games & Celtic Festival . 17 January 2022 . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-ta_2009-10-06_69-0) Tasker, Belinda (6 October 2009). "Brumby updates Queen on Vic bushfires" (https://www.theage.com.au/world/brumby-updates-queen-on-vic-bushfires-20091006-gjkx.html) . The Age . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-abc_2009-10-06_70-0) "Brumby meets the Queen" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTntBCWhEFA) . ABC News . 6 October 2009 . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Tartan Details - Ballarat (SRT ref: 10988)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=10988) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Tartan Details - Bendigo (SRT ref: 11359)" (https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=11359) . Scottish Register of Tartans . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-tc_2014-05-09_73-0) Jeans, David (9 May 2014). "Ballarat's history woven into Scottish tartan cloth" (https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2272302/ballarats-history-woven-into-scottish-tartan-cloth/) . The Courier (Ballarat) (/wiki/The_Courier_(Ballarat)) . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-vshcf_alse_74-0) "Auld Lang Syne Exhibition" (https://www.vshcf.com.au/projects/newproject/) . Victorian Scottish Heritage Cultural Foundation . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-sta_ballarat_75-0) "Tartan Display \| Ballarat (ITI Number: 10988)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/10988/ballarat) . Scottish Tartans Authority . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Romensky, Larissa (15 January 2016). "Bendigo's own official tartan" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-15/bendigos-own-official-tartan-arrives/7089466) . ABC News . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kearney, Mark (13 January 2016). "Bendigo tartan launched, Kathryn Mackenzie named Scots Day Out chieftain" (https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/3661580/great-scot-city-gets-tartan/) . Bendigo Advertiser (/wiki/Bendigo_Advertiser) . Retrieved 30 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Tartan Display \| Western Australia-Pending (District) (ITI Number: 10513)" (http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/10513/western-australia-pending-district) . Scottish Tartans Authority . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-wa_parlt_symbols_79-0) "About Parliament - Sheet 38: Symbols of Western Australia" (https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/WebCMS/webcms.nsf/resources/file-38-symbols-of-wa/$file/Sheet%2038%20-%20Symbols%20of%20Western%20Australia.pdf) (PDF) . Parliament of Western Australia (/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia) . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-wa_exec_symbols_80-0) "Symbols of Western Australia" (https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/department-of-the-premier-and-cabinet/symbols-of-western-australia) . Department of the Premier and Cabinet (Western Australia) (/wiki/Department_of_the_Premier_and_Cabinet_(Western_Australia)) . 27 April 2020 . Retrieved 27 September 2022 . Further reading [ edit ] Newsome, Matthew A. C.; Bullman, James M. (2004). Compendium of District Tartans . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1559322888 . External links [ edit ] "The Scottish Register of Tartans" (http://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/) . tartanregister.gov.uk. Scottish government's official tartan registry Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Heraldry and Vexillology (/wiki/Portal:Heraldry_and_Vexillology) Australia (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Scotland (/wiki/Portal:Scotland) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐bq9f7 Cached time: 20240720114113 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.933 seconds Real time usage: 1.066 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4929/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 141875/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8442/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 323440/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.542/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5951615/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 948.398 1 -total 55.77% 528.885 1 Template:Reflist 35.55% 337.167 61 Template:Cite_web 10.57% 100.260 1 Template:Short_description 7.54% 71.523 11 Template:Cite_news 6.40% 60.695 2 Template:Pagetype 5.89% 55.875 9 Template:Blockquote 5.74% 54.445 1 Template:Portal_bar 4.07% 38.616 1 Template:Authority_control 3.20% 30.345 1 Template:Rp Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71834059-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720114113 and revision id 1216003101. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=District_tartans_of_Australia&oldid=1216003101 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=District_tartans_of_Australia&oldid=1216003101) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : National symbols of Australia (/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Australia) Tartans (/wiki/Category:Tartans) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use Australian English from September 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_September_2022) All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English) Use dmy dates from September 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2022)
Technical clothing for cycling A road cyclist wearing a typical, modern slim-fitting summer jersey with graphics design (/wiki/Graphics_design) , association and sponsor logos (/wiki/Logos) . The rear of the jersey features pockets at the waist facing upwards to store belongings. A cycling jersey is a specialised jersey (/wiki/Sports_jersey) for cycling (/wiki/Cycle_sport) . The cycling jersey used to be made of wool since the inception of cycling as a sport in the early 1900s, [1] (#cite_note-1) while contemporary jerseys have evolved into technical (/wiki/Technical_textile) sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) that is lightweight, fitted, made of synthetic and moisture-wicking fabric. A specialised cycling jersey for the road discipline (/wiki/Road_cycling) features the following unique characteristics: [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) A longer cut in the back to accommodate the bent-over cycling position Pockets on the back panel to prevent spill Silicone grippers at the hem to prevent the jersey from moving up the body while cycling Full length zip (/wiki/Zipper) to allow for ventilation Tight-fitting cut to eliminate loose fabric and reduce air resistance Moisture-wicking material to keep the cyclist cooler and more comfortable Cycling jerseys are available in various cuts. For instance, a loose 'club cut' offering relaxed fit for recreational cyclists, and a form-fitting 'race cut' featuring a tailored fit that is tighter and shorter. [5] (#cite_note-5) Jerseys for other cycling disciplines such as mountain biking (/wiki/Mountain_biking) have different characteristics. Looser jerseys allow body armour to be worn beneath. [6] (#cite_note-6) Long sleeve options also provide additional protection against branches and twigs. [7] (#cite_note-7) Professional cycling is heavily sponsored (/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)) . Regulations specify the size, colour and the placement of sponsor, national federation and manufacturer logos and other graphics. [8] (#cite_note-8) In professional races, certain colours or patterns (/wiki/Cycling_jerseys_of_professional_races) have special symbolism that signify the leader or the champion of a race or tour. Numbers are pinned on the back of the jersey for a race. See also [ edit ] Cycling (/wiki/Cycling) Cycling kit (/wiki/Cycling_kit) Distinctive jerseys in professional cycling (/wiki/Distinctive_jerseys_in_professional_cycling) Exercise dress (/wiki/Exercise_dress) Performance fabrics (/wiki/Performance_fabrics) Road bicycle racing (/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing) Road cycling (/wiki/Road_cycling) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Cycling Jersey: A Robust History, From Bland to Colorful to Current Trends" (https://seemewear.com/cycling-jersey-history/) . See Me Wear High Visibility Cycling Jerseys . 2018-03-08 . Retrieved 2022-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Brown, John. "The Importance of a Cycling Jersey" (https://havefunbiking.com/products/cycling-jerseys-importance/) . HaveFunBiking.com . Retrieved 2022-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Bicycle Jerseys - Should You Buy One? Benefits to Wearing a Bike Jersey" (https://seemewear.com/bicycle-jerseys/) . See Me Wear High Visibility Cycling Jerseys . Retrieved 2022-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "4 Tips for Choosing a Cycling Jersey" (https://www.pactimo.com/blogs/cycling-people-places-things/new-to-cycling-bike-jerseys) . Pactimo . Retrieved 2022-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cycling Size Guide" (https://www.champ-sys.ca/pages/cycling-size-guide) . Champion System Canada . Retrieved 2022-10-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Buyer's guide to summer mountain bike jerseys" (https://off.road.cc/content/buying/buyer-s-guide-to-summer-mountain-bike-jerseys-776) . off-road.cc . 2018-04-20 . Retrieved 2022-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Zach Nehr (2021-12-01). "What to wear mountain biking: All the mountain bike gear you need from head to toe" (https://www.bikeperfect.com/features/what-to-wear-mountain-biking-all-the-mountain-bike-gear-you-need-from-head-to-toe) . Bike Perfect . Retrieved 2022-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) UCI JERSEYS VISUAL GUIDELINES MANUFACTURER SPECIFICATIONS & MODEL VARIATIONS (PDF) . 2021. v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) Choker (/wiki/Choker) Clerical collar (/wiki/Clerical_collar) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) Neck gaiter 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cycling_jersey&oldid=1235966714 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cycling_jersey&oldid=1235966714) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cycling jerseys (/wiki/Category:Cycling_jerseys) Clothing by function (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_function) Sportswear (/wiki/Category:Sportswear) Sports uniforms (/wiki/Category:Sports_uniforms) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
Equipment and attire worn by sportive cyclists helmet (/wiki/Cycling_helmet) jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) gloves (/wiki/Cycling_gloves) bib shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) socks (/wiki/Socks) shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoes) A road cyclist wearing a typical summer cycling kit. Rear view of the summer cycling kit, featuring a jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) with back pockets and bib shorts with padding (/wiki/Cycling_pad) . In competitive cycling, the kit (or uniform) is the standard equipment and attire worn specifically by athletes participating in the sport (/wiki/Cycle_sport) . The outfits differ from the clothes worn in other forms of cycling, such as commuting and recreational cycling (for which people are likely to wear ordinary street clothes, [1] (#cite_note-lycra-1) perhaps with a coat or rain cape [2] (#cite_note-2) ). Competitive kit uses technical and performance materials and features to improve efficiency and comfort. The UCI (/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale) specify the kit and the design the riders use. [3] (#cite_note-3) Cycling kits have evolved significantly since the early days of the sport when participants wore wool jerseys. [4] (#cite_note-4) Recent advances in manufacturing and technology have enabled lighter, more comfortable, colourful and complex designs to be made. [5] (#cite_note-5) Cycling kits nowadays are made primarily with synthetic materials, such as Lycra (/wiki/Lycra) , which conforms to the body, thereby reducing drag by eliminating loose fabric as well as increase in comfort. [6] (#cite_note-6) Made-to-order custom kits with tailored cuts made to order are becoming increasingly common for individuals, clubs and teams to produce kits with custom designs. Notable brands include Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) , Castelli (/wiki/Castelli_(brand)) , Pearl Izumi (/wiki/Pearl_Izumi) , Rapha (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) and Santini SMS (/wiki/Santini_SMS) . Cycling kits in professional races (/wiki/Cycling_jerseys_of_professional_races) are usually featured with sponsor logos and advertising, and specific colours and/or patterns signify certain position or a leader in a race. In a race, cyclists pin number tags of the race on the back of the jersey (and another on the bike). [7] (#cite_note-7) To generate revenue for the professional teams, replica kits are generally made available for fans to purchase. Equipment for the cyclist [ edit ] Basic equipment [ edit ] The basic equipment set out in the UCI technical regulation guide (Section 3: riders’ clothing) includes a jersey with sleeves, a pair of shorts and possibly a skinsuit. [8] (#cite_note-8) Generally speaking, the typical summer cycling kit (whether racing or not) consists of: [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-approvedcycling-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Helmet (/wiki/Cycling_helmet) : head protection in case of a fall Cycling jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) : covering the torso Bib shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) or shorts for the lower half of the body and often includes pads (/wiki/Cycling_pad) for added comfort Skinsuit, an alternative one-piece combining the jersey and shorts commonly used in time trials Socks (/wiki/Socks) , typically medium length Cycling shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoe) : specialised shoes with stiff soles for efficient power transfer with cleats (/wiki/Cleat_(shoe)#Cycling_cleats) : to attach to the pedals (/wiki/Bicycle_pedal) and in spring/autumn the additional pieces: [11] (#cite_note-approvedcycling-11) Gilet (/wiki/Gilet) : often thin and packable in the back pocket for colder or windy days Arm warmers (/wiki/Arm_warmer) : sleeves that can be worn separately Leg warmers (/wiki/Leg_warmers) : similar to leggings offering additional warmth Baselayer (/wiki/Layered_clothing#Inner_or_base_layer) : worn beneath the jersey and the straps of the bib shorts for additional warmth and in winter the additional pieces: [11] (#cite_note-approvedcycling-11) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Head warmer (/wiki/Cap#Sports) or cap: added protection from wind and rain, which may also cover the ears Neck warmer (/wiki/Neck_gaiter) : protection for the neck, instead of a scarf (that may fall off) Jacket (/wiki/Jacket) : jackets can be thin or insulated, windproof and/or waterproof for chilly days Bib tights instead of bib shorts and leg warmers: insulated/lined, full length versions of the bib shorts Booties (/wiki/Cycling_shoe#Overshoes) (overshoes): neoprene or rubber shoe covers that keeps the shoes dry by preventing water ingress from sprays and/or rain Accessories [ edit ] The following optional pieces can be worn by the cyclist for additional comfort or performance monitoring: Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) : traditional cycling cap with a short brim that can be worn under the helmet Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) or transparent glasses for darker days Heart rate monitor (/wiki/Heart_rate_monitor) : which can be connected to and displayed on an activity tracker (/wiki/Activity_tracker) or a smartphone (/wiki/Smartphone) Gloves (/wiki/Cycling_glove) /mitts: offering additional grip and comfort and generally half finger in summer, full finger and/or insulated for winter Gallery [ edit ] helmet (/wiki/Cycling_helmet) jersey (/wiki/Cycling_jersey) mitts (/wiki/Cycling_gloves) bib shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) socks (/wiki/Socks) shoes (/wiki/Cycling_shoes) Example of a summer cycling kit. vest (/wiki/Gilet) arm warmers (/wiki/Arm_warmers) Typical spring/autumn cycling attire comprises the summer kit with an additional insulated vest and arm warmers. Also worn is a pair of sunglasses resting on the helmet vents. head warmer (/wiki/Cap#sports) neck warmer (/wiki/Neck_warmer) jacket (/wiki/Jacket) gloves (/wiki/Cycling_gloves) bib tights (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) booties (/wiki/Bootee) Typical winter cycling attire comprises head and neck warmers, gloves, jacket, bib tights and booties. See also [ edit ] Cycling in general Cycling (/wiki/Cycling) Cycling as a sport Road bicycle racing (/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing) Road cycling (/wiki/Road_cycling) Exercise clothing and fabrics Exercise dress (/wiki/Exercise_dress) Performance fabrics (/wiki/Performance_fabrics) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-lycra_1-0) Wagenbuur, Mark (27 May 2012). "Lycra in the streets of the Netherlands" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2012/05/28/lycra-on-the-streets-of-the-netherlands/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . , "US cycling from a Dutch perspective" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2013/06/20/us-cycling-from-a-dutch-perspective/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . 19 June 2013. , "Summer cycling" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2013/06/27/summer-cycling/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . 26 June 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wagenbuur, Mark (3 December 2014). "Cycling on a rainy autumn day in Utrecht" (https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2014/12/04/cycling-on-a-rainy-day-in-utrecht/) . BICYCLE DUTCH . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "UCI JERSEYS VISUAL GUIDELINES MANUFACTURER SPECIFICATIONS & MODEL VARIATIONS" (https://downloads.ctfassets.net/761l7gh5x5an/4LXQmaBRcTBbKNfeeMoSCL/7dd5bf3dd4c32e434d890ac31bc61a3d/2021-uci-jerseys-guidelines.pdf) (PDF) . UCI . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cycling Jersey: A Robust History, From Bland to Colorful to Current Trends" (https://seemewear.com/cycling-jersey-history/) . See Me Wear High Visibility Cycling Jerseys . 2018-03-08 . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Brown, John. "The Importance of a Cycling Jersey" (https://havefunbiking.com/products/cycling-jerseys-importance/) . HaveFunBiking.com . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Why do cyclists wear lycra? – Cycology Clothing AUS" (https://www.cycologygear.com/blogs/cycology-blog/why-do-cyclists-wear-lycra) . www.cycologygear.com . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Auscycling Technical Regulations: Road Version 1.2" (https://assets.auscycling.org.au/s3fs-public/2021-03/auscycling-technical-regulations-road.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "CLARIFICATION GUIDE OF THE UCI TECHNICAL REGULATION 05.10.2021 version" (https://assets.ctfassets.net/761l7gh5x5an/7s1ma6mVAVlFwi8rRgy0Iw/1bef531dd9e9f534c34ff016c68e3c72/Clarification_Guide_of_the_UCI_Technical_Regulation_-_20211005_-_ENG.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "What to wear on a bike ride: essential guide for commuting and road cycling" (https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/what-to-wear-on-a-bike-ride/) . BikeRadar . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "How to dress for cycling in the summer: a buyer's guide to staying cool on the bike" (https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/how-to-dress-for-summer-cycling/) . BikeRadar . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Cycling Clothing Guide - Approved cycling" (https://approvedcycling.com/cycling-clothing-guide-winter-spring-summer-and-fall/) . Approved Cycling . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The best summer cycling clothes to keep you cool on the bike Approved" (https://approvedcycling.com/the-best-summer-cycling-clothes-to-keep-you-cool-on-the-bike/) . Approved Cycling . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "How to wear cycling gear in cold weather" (https://bq.org.au/bike-life-blog/how-to-wear-cycling-gear-in-cold-weather/) . Bicycle Queensland . Retrieved 2022-10-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Buyers guide: What to wear cycling in winter" (https://www.cyclist.co.uk/go/1938) . Cyclist . 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Museum in Seattle, Washington, U.S. Giant Shoe Museum The exhibit in 2022 Location Pike Place Market (/wiki/Pike_Place_Market) , Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) , Washington, U.S. Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 47°36′31″N 122°20′27″W / 47.6086°N 122.3407°W / 47.6086; -122.3407 Giant Shoe Museum (sometimes the World Famous Giant Shoe Museum ) is a museum in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) 's Pike Place Market (/wiki/Pike_Place_Market) , in the U.S. state (/wiki/U.S._state) of Washington (/wiki/Washington_(state)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Description [ edit ] The museum has "odd and outsize shoes displayed behind sideshow-style curtains", according to Harriet Baskas of CNBC (/wiki/CNBC) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The one-wall exhibit allows guests to view shoes through a stereoscope (/wiki/Stereoscope) . [3] (#cite_note-3) It has been described as "the world's largest collection of giant shoes", [4] (#cite_note-4) as well as "likely one of the world's few coin-operated museums". [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] The museum was designed and built by Sven Sundbaum in 1997. [6] (#cite_note-6) Owned and operated by adjacent Old Seattle Paperworks, [7] (#cite_note-7) the exhibit is curated by Dan Eskenazi. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Reception [ edit ] Cody Permenter included the museum in Thrillist (/wiki/Thrillist) 's 2015 list of "The 11 Strangest Museums in (and Around) Seattle". [10] (#cite_note-10) Christina Ausley of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer (/wiki/Seattle_Post-Intelligencer) included the Giant Shoe Museum in a 2020 overview of the city's 14 "strangest" landmarks, writing: "Drop a humble 50 cents into a small coin box for the world's largest collection of giant shoes. Nestled a few floors below downtown Seattle's Pike Place Market, approach the flamboyant circus entryway and gaze through the binoculars for a myriad of Herculean hi-tops and a size 37 work by Robert Wadlow." [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Museums portal (/wiki/Portal:Museums) List of museums in Seattle (/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Seattle) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Top 15 things to do in Seattle: experience the best of this unique city" (https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/top-things-to-do-in-seattle) . Lonely Planet (/wiki/Lonely_Planet) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221022012732/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/top-things-to-do-in-seattle) from the original on 2022-10-22 . Retrieved 2022-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Baskas, Harriet (26 January 2020). "The Overnight: What to do in Seattle if you're there on a business trip" (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/26/the-overnight-where-to-go-in-seattle-if-youre-there-on-business.html) . CNBC . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210411190914/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/26/the-overnight-where-to-go-in-seattle-if-youre-there-on-business.html) from the original on 2021-04-11 . Retrieved 2022-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Manzanares, Mary Jo (2021-09-15). Secret Seattle: A Guide to the Weird, Wonderful, and Obscure . Reedy Press LLC. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-68106-308-9 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230112001555/https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxQEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Giant+Shoe+Museum%22&pg=PT68) from the original on 2023-01-12 . Retrieved 2022-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Calamusa, Kate (2017-04-18). Seattle Family Adventures: City Escapades, Day Trips, Weekend Getaways, and Itineraries for Fun-Loving Families . Sasquatch Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-63217-098-9 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230112001508/https://books.google.com/books?id=Caa5DAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Giant+Shoe+Museum%22&pg=PT105) from the original on 2023-01-12 . Retrieved 2022-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Volk, David (2013-11-05). Cheap Bastard's® Guide to Seattle: Secrets of Living the Good Life—for Less! . Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4930-0658-8 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230112001509/https://books.google.com/books?id=KLKsAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Giant+Shoe+Museum%22&pg=PA240) from the original on 2023-01-12 . Retrieved 2022-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Spradlin, Thomas (2012). Collectey Global Record Book 2013 . Lulu.com. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-300-28395-9 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230112001510/https://books.google.com/books?id=jLv1AwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Giant+Shoe+Museum%22&pg=PT90) from the original on 2023-01-12 . Retrieved 2022-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Devine, Bob (2016). National Geographic Traveler - Coastal Alaska: Ports of Call and Beyond . National Geographic Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4262-1635-0 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230112001509/https://books.google.com/books?id=aB8CDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Giant+Shoe+Museum%22&pg=PR1) from the original on 2023-01-12 . Retrieved 2022-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Baskas, Harriet (2011-04-12). Washington Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff . Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7627-6900-1 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230112001510/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0MAMciiuhQC&dq=%22Giant+Shoe+Museum%22&pg=PA21) from the original on 2023-01-12 . Retrieved 2022-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Landes, Cheryl; Rule, Ann; Tuttle, Craig (1999). Beautiful America's Seattle . Beautiful America Publishing Co. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-89802-708-2 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230112001510/https://books.google.com/books?id=veJbOsSrEYoC&dq=%22Giant+Shoe+Museum%22&pg=PA19) from the original on 2023-01-12 . Retrieved 2022-10-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The 11 Strangest Museums in (and Around) Seattle" (https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/seattle/seattle-s-best-museums-11-strange-tourist-attractions) . Thrillist . 4 August 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221022015455/https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/seattle/seattle-s-best-museums-11-strange-tourist-attractions) from the original on 2022-10-22 . Retrieved 2022-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ausley, Christina (2020-02-22). "14 of Seattle's strangest landmarks: Have you found all of these classics?" (https://ktvl.com/news/local/14-of-seattles-strangest-landmarks-have-you-found-all-of-these-classics) . Seattle Post-Intelligencer . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221022012747/https://ktvl.com/news/local/14-of-seattles-strangest-landmarks-have-you-found-all-of-these-classics) from the original on 2022-10-22 . Retrieved 2022-10-22 – via KTVL. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Giant Shoe Museum (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Giant_Shoe_Museum) . 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Type of bobbin lace from Cogne, Italy Cogne lace is a handmade bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) that is made in Cogne (/wiki/Cogne) , in the Aosta Valley (/wiki/Aosta_Valley) in Italy. It takes the form of strips of lace, due to the manner in which it is made on a drum. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] The tradition of Cogne lace began with the flight of the Benedictine sisters from the Cluny Abbey (/wiki/Cluny_Abbey) to the Aosta Valley in 1665. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) They found refuge at Saint-Nicholas and first taught bobbin lacemaking in the area, though the diffusion of their teaching was not wide. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 21 Notebooks chronicling life in Cogne, written by inhabitants some decades after the events described, document the arrival of lacemaking in the mid-1800s. However, local lacemakers had different recollections. Physical evidence in the form of similar lace-making horses indicate that the lace was introduced from great lace centers in France and Flanders via the neighboring Alpine regions. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 21–22 It was used by the women of Cogne to decorate their traditional black and white dress, with a black lace head kerchief and a white lace collar. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Cogne lacemakers at work A bobbin lacemaker using the pillow horse Equipment [ edit ] Work with bobbins Cogne lace is handmade on a base or horse called a "cavalot," made of wood decoratively carved with rosettes or flower symbols. It may include the monogram of Christ, the year it was made, and the name of its first owner. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 22 The base supports the "coessein," a wide cylinder stuffed with straw (/wiki/Straw) or wool (/wiki/Wool) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 22 Generally a male relative or fiancé made the pillow horse, which have a drawer to hold thread, pins, and bobbins. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 22 The bobbins (/wiki/Bobbin) are made of hard wood, such as apple, pear, cherry, walnut and ash, trees all found in the Alps. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 22 The lower potions, of the bobbins used as handles, are round. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 23 Lace Designs [ edit ] Cogne lace is characterized by being made without any pattern, rather it is made in an entirely mnemonic way, and uses the design on the fabric, usually checks but sometimes stripes, covering the "coessein." It is categorized as freehand lace (/wiki/Freehand_lace) . It produces bands that are only a few centimeters wide, up to a maximum of 7–8 cm (approximately 3 inches). The patterned fabric allows the lacemaker to keep her selvages (/wiki/Selvage) straight, using large pins. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 22 [6] (#cite_note-6) Today [ edit ] La Mèison di pitz, heritage museum, located in rue Docteur César-Emmanuel Grappein, in Cogne The Mèison di pitz (Lace House, in patois cognein (/wiki/Vald%C3%B4tain_dialect) ) is the permanent museum housing Cogne lace. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) : 24 See also [ edit ] Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Freehand lace (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Cogne References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2017). World Clothing and Fashion : An encyclopedia of history, culture, and social influence . New York: Routledge. p. 356. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-138-03990-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1008977171 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1008977171) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Les dentelles de Cogne - Coopérative " Les Dentellières " \| Vallée d'Aoste" (http://www.lovevda.it/fr/base-de-donnees/10/artisanat/cogne/les-dentelles-de-cogne-cooperative-«-les-dentellieres-»/560) . www.lovevda.it (in French) . Retrieved 2023-01-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Boccazzi-Varotto, Attilio (1990). Dentelles de Cognes (in Italian and English). Priuli & Verlucca. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Maroni, G.C. (2001). "Lace from My Valley". Textile Technology Digest . 58 : 24. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Tutton, Alfred Edwin Howard (1927). The Natural History of Ice and Snow . London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company Limited. p. 267. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ricci, Elisa (1913). Old Italian Lace . Vol. 2. London: W. Heinemann. p. 15. External links [ edit ] Les dentelles de Cogne - Coopérative « Les Dentellières » - Site officiel de l'Assessorat du tourisme - Région autonome Vallée d'Aoste (http://www.lovevda.it/fr/base-de-donnees/10/artisanat/cogne/les-dentelles-de-cogne-cooperative-%C2%AB-les-dentellieres-%C2%BB/560) Coopérative des dentellières de Cogne (http://www.dentellieres.com/Musee/Cogne/) Maison de pitz - Les dentelles de Cogne (http://www.giroparchi.it/fr/resource/poi/maison-di-pitz-les-dentelles-di-cogne/) Les dentelles de Cogne (ialpes.com) (http://aoste.ialpes.com/arts/dentelle-cogne.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120513173128/http://aoste.ialpes.com/arts/dentelle-cogne.html) 2012-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Bibliography [ edit ] Attilio Boccazzi Varotto, Dentelles de Cogne , éd. Priuli & Verlucca, 1996. v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐5ljhq Cached time: 20240720034743 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.343 seconds Real time usage: 0.448 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2868/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41928/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 998/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31264/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.204/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5579100/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 359.430 1 -total 34.22% 122.995 1 Template:Reflist 30.48% 109.563 3 Template:Navbox 30.21% 108.568 1 Template:Lace_types 26.90% 96.697 4 Template:Cite_book 16.30% 58.580 9 Template:Rp 14.70% 52.820 1 Template:Short_description 14.62% 52.541 9 Template:R/superscript 8.81% 31.678 2 Template:Pagetype 7.57% 27.211 27 Template:R/where Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72764797-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720034743 and revision id 1230929802. Rendering was triggered because: unknown esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cogne_lace&oldid=1230929802 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cogne_lace&oldid=1230929802) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cogne (/wiki/Category:Cogne) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) CS1 Italian-language sources (it) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)
New Zealand Fashion Week Kahuria Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Begins 29 August Ends 2 September Frequency Yearly Venue Viaduct Events Centre (/wiki/Viaduct_Events_Centre) Location(s) Auckland (/wiki/Auckland) Country New Zealand Established 2001 Founder Pieter Stewart (/wiki/Pieter_Stewart) Organised by Aligroup People Yasmin Farry ( general manager (/wiki/General_manager) ) Sponsors Auckland Unlimited (/wiki/Auckland_Unlimited) Ministry of Social Development (/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Development_(New_Zealand)) Website nzfashionweek (http://nzfashionweek.com) .com (http://nzfashionweek.com) New Zealand Fashion Week , also known as NZ Fashion Week or NZFW , is an annual Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held in New Zealand. History [ edit ] New Zealand Fashion Week held its first show on 23 October 2001, opened by the prime minister at the time, Helen Clark (/wiki/Helen_Clark) . It was held at the Auckland Town Hall (/wiki/Auckland_Town_Hall) and sponsored by L'Oreal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) (the event was called L'Oreal New Zealand Fashion Week until 2004). [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2004, Air New Zealand (/wiki/Air_New_Zealand) replaced L'Oreal as the naming rights sponsor of the event and the new main venue was moved to the Alinghi and Team New Zealand sheds at the Viaduct Harbour (/wiki/Viaduct_Harbour) in Auckland. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2009, Air New Zealand dropped its naming rights sponsorship for the show. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2014, the event moved to the Viaduct Events Centre (/wiki/ANZ_Viaduct_Events_Centre) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 2019, NZFW moved back to the original venue at the Auckland Town Hall. [3] (#cite_note-3) Dame Pieter Stewart (/wiki/Pieter_Stewart) , founder of the event, sold it to Faroz Ali in May 2021. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) The 2020, 2021 & 2022 fashion weeks were all cancelled. In 2020, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand) , and postponed until 2021, which was later cancelled. The 2022 show was also cancelled. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) For the return of NZFW in 2023, Kate Sylvester (/wiki/Kate_Sylvester) will display her new collection at the show, and the show will also focus on Māoritanga (/wiki/M%C4%81oritanga) , sustainably and consumers. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) See also [ edit ] iD Dunedin Fashion Week (/wiki/ID_Dunedin_Fashion_Week) List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "What We've Lost & Gained In The Evolution Of New Zealand Fashion Week" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/viva/fashion/what-weve-lost-gained-in-the-evolution-of-new-zealand-fashion-week/QLGQ7D5SVT6WERNCH6U5XI47AM/) . NZ Herald . Retrieved 7 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) FISHER, AMANDA (22 December 2009). "Air NZ pulls out of Fashion Week naming-rights deal" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/3188392/Air-NZ-pulls-out-of-Fashion-Week-naming-rights-deal) . Stuff . Retrieved 7 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Carolyn (4 April 2019). "Exciting changes at New Zealand Fashion Week for 2019" (https://fashionz.co.nz/exciting-changes-at-new-zealand-fashion-week-for-2019/) . FashioNZ . Retrieved 7 February 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Walker-Ahwa, Zoe (28 February 2023). "New Zealand Fashion Week set to return after three-year hiatus" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/style/300818458/new-zealand-fashion-week-set-to-return-after-threeyear-hiatus) . Stuff . Retrieved 26 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "New Zealand Fashion Week Is Under New Ownership" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/viva/fashion/new-zealand-fashion-week-is-under-new-ownership/5KPEQ44PMGUVBEPJZVUMEWRWPQ/) . NZ Herald . Retrieved 26 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "New Zealand Fashion Week returning in 2023 with new focus on consumers, sustainability and te ao Māori" (https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/lifestyle/2023/03/new-zealand-fashion-week-returning-in-2023-with-new-focus-on-consumers-sustainability-and-te-ao-m-ori.html) . Newshub . Retrieved 26 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "New Zealand Fashion Week reveals 2023 lineup" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/new-zealand-fashion-week-2023-reveals-first-lineup-of-leading-kiwi-designers/XWXP3W6XZRBIFPQPD7MAEQGAVA/) . NZ Herald . Retrieved 26 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Beckett, Tyson (25 April 2023). "NZ Fashion Week will return with first opening show by Māori designer" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/style/300862074/nz-fashion-week-will-return-with-first-opening-show-by-mori-designer) . Stuff . Retrieved 26 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "More designers confirmed to show at New Zealand Fashion Week 2023" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/viva/fashion/more-designers-confirmed-to-show-at-new-zealand-fashion-week-2023/MWHO2NDKHVHBZBHV2YZLLNICKA/) . NZ Herald . Retrieved 26 April 2023 . v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐67bpx Cached time: 20240713033833 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.328 seconds Real time usage: 0.718 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1173/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35009/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1722/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44367/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.212/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4613309/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 424.221 1 -total 34.02% 144.310 1 Template:Reflist 27.97% 118.651 8 Template:Cite_web 23.43% 99.402 1 Template:Big_4_Fashion_Weeks 22.24% 94.328 1 Template:Navbox 16.85% 71.497 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event 16.59% 70.392 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 15.77% 66.903 1 Template:Infobox 7.69% 32.626 1 Template:Use_New_Zealand_English 3.87% 16.430 2 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72968385-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713033833 and revision id 1181941248. 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Old technique of lace making Bride picotée ( Breedpee-koh-tay ) is an old type of point lace that consists of a large mesh or foundation surrounded by small picots. The lace gets its alternative names, Bride épinglé and Bride boucle , from the use of pins pricked into the parchment pattern to form picots or boucles. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The "bride picotée" was a distinctive specialty of Point d'Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) , which may be a vestige of early Venetian lace-making techniques. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) History [ edit ] Bury Palliser (/wiki/Fanny_Bury_Palliser) , an English art historian, characterized the "Bride picotee" as a lost art and a forgotten stitching skill. It is the case that the previous female workers had passed away without having any apprentices. According to her description, this stitch involves a six-sided button-hole bride mesh that was adorned with a fringe of three or four picots or pearls around each side. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Several attempts were made to rediscover the technique of Bride Picotée, with one such attempt gaining prominence as a subject in an English novel titled Bride Picotée, written by Margaret Roberts, published in 1883. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Contemporary laces [ edit ] Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) , Bold Patterned Bride Ground Lace, and Bride picotée were contemporaneously produced laces. In January 1874, Lafebure discovered three specimens of point de Argentan in progress of the parchment patterns at Hotel Dieu from Grenier. One of the specimens was a bold pattern with a grand bride ground, which was apparently intended for a man's ruffle. The second specimen had the barette or bride ground of "point de France," while the third one had bride picotee. These discoveries revealed that the descriptions of the lace were created simultaneously at Argentan (/wiki/Argentan) . [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) Associated terms [ edit ] Bride or ' breed ' (in French) refers to the loop or string that serves as the connecting thread in all needle laces. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Bridal lace type of lace was composed of Brides (also known as Breed) or bars, which do not include any netting. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Bridal lace, which dates back to the Elizabethan era (/wiki/Elizabethan_era) and was made with blue threads, was worn by wedding guests. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c PALLISER, Fanny Bury (1875). A History of Lace ... Second edition. With a bibliography . Sampson Low&Company. pp. 178, 179. ^ Jump up to: a b Palliser, Bury (1865). History of Lace . Sampson, Low, Son, and Marston. pp. 190, 191. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hopkin, David (2021-11-01). "Legends of Lace: Commerce and Ideology in Narratives of Women's Domestic Craft Production" (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/fabula-2021-0013/html) . Fabula . 62 (3–4): 232–258. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1515/fabula-2021-0013 (https://doi.org/10.1515%2Ffabula-2021-0013) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1613-0464 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1613-0464) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 244042164 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244042164) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Roberts, Margaret (1883). Bride picotée, by the author of 'L'Atelier du lys' . Bemrose & Sons. ^ Jump up to: a b Bible, George W.; Bible, Daniel P. (1896). Pocket Dictionary of Dry-goods, Etc . Trade Printing and Publishing Company. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jackson, Emily (1900). A History of Hand-made Lace: Dealing with the Origin of Lace, the Growth of the Great Lace Centres, the Mode of Manufacture, the Methods of Distinguishing and the Care of Various Kinds of Lace . L.U. Gill. p. 126. v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐xbmx9 Cached time: 20240720005543 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.492 seconds Real time usage: 0.634 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 737/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41034/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 500/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32563/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.351/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14986931/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 581.319 1 -total 37.19% 216.204 1 Template:Reflist 31.50% 183.130 5 Template:Cite_book 24.04% 139.743 2 Template:Lang 22.43% 130.410 3 Template:Navbox 21.56% 125.352 1 Template:Lace_types 15.67% 91.070 1 Template:Short_description 9.17% 53.279 2 Template:Pagetype 3.95% 22.946 3 Template:Main_other 3.44% 19.999 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73122930-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720005543 and revision id 1184210506. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bride_picotée&oldid=1184210506 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bride_picotée&oldid=1184210506) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lace (/wiki/Category:Lace) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing French-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text)
Clockwise from top : woman wearing black boots, leggings, and cabin socks ( Chilliwack (/wiki/Chilliwack) , 2017), Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) fashion editor Vivian Wilcox (1955), HRH the Princess of Wales (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) in a Canada-themed outfit (Ottawa, 2011), " Niagara Falls (/wiki/Niagara_Falls) fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) " (1842), Nunavimiut (/wiki/Ungava_Bay) outer parka (c. 1914) at the Royal Ontario Museum (/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum) , Canada Goose (/wiki/Canada_Goose_(clothing)) logo, Canadian teenagers in skirt-suits from Simpson's (/wiki/Simpsons_(department_store)) Spring and Summer Catalogue (1945) Canadian fashion refers to the styles, trends, design, and production of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) , and other expressions of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) in Canada (/wiki/Canada) and the polities it is descended from (/wiki/History_of_Canada) . Since time immemorial, the Indigenous cultures of Canada (/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada) designed clothing and accessories for practical application in contention with the natural elements, as well as for ritualistic and spiritual purposes. Indigenous-Canadians maintain fashions (/wiki/Native_American_fashion) that are distinct to their particular cultures. Beginning from the 16th century after the founding of Port-Royal (/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)) , developing factors such as continued European settlement, the North American fur trade (/wiki/North_American_fur_trade) , and the establishment of proto-Canadian colonies, such as those of New France (/wiki/New_France) and British North America (/wiki/British_North_America) , incrementally introduced western fashions throughout the region, which were often modified or innovated to adapt to local geography (/wiki/Geography_of_Canada) . From the 16th century onward, Canada's fashion history can be divided into discernable eras that are characterized by prevalent styles particular to the time period. These various modes of dress have often been influenced by the predominant upper-class fashions of western Europe (/wiki/Western_Europe) , notably Britain (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and France (/wiki/France) , as well as the geographical realities of living in Canada and the rugged lifestyles therein. Canada's fashion economy includes numerous clothing and accessory brands (such as Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) and Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) ), department stores (such as the historical Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) and Holt Renfrew (/wiki/Holt_Renfrew) ), various annual and semi-annual industry events (/wiki/Fashion_week) in Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) , Edmonton (/wiki/Edmonton) , Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) , Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa) , and Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , fashion magazines (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) (such as Elle Canada (/wiki/Elle_Canada) and Fashion Magazine (/wiki/Fashion_Magazine) ), and a variety of postsecondary programs in fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) and marketing. History [ edit ] See also: History of Western Fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_Fashion) New France and the early Fur Trade (1530s to 1750s) [ edit ] See also: French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) , 1550–1600 in Western European fashion (/wiki/1550%E2%80%931600_in_Western_European_fashion) , 1600–1650 in Western European fashion (/wiki/1600%E2%80%931650_in_Western_European_fashion) , 1650–1700 in Western European fashion (/wiki/1650%E2%80%931700_in_Western_European_fashion) , and 1700–1750 in Western fashion (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_Western_fashion) Ein Canadischer Bauer (A Canadian Farmer) by Friedrich von Germann (1778) Arrival of the Brides by Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale (/wiki/Eleanor_Fortescue-Brickdale) (c. prior to 1927). High-class French women are illustrated wearing colourful dresses, lace sleeves, ribbons, and holding fans. In contrast, the evidently lower-class woman in the foreground carries a metal box and wears a plain blouse, capotain (/wiki/Capotain) hat, and long skirt. Most of the men depicted appear to be high-born, including Jean Talon (/wiki/Jean_Talon) , wearing colourful (possibly velvet) coats, cravats, and decorated hats that they carry at their sides. The labourer (and possibly slave (/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France) ) at the bottom wears a headwrap and no shirt. European exploration northwestward, into the frontier of Rupert's Land (/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land) , the North-Western Territory (/wiki/North-Western_Territory) , and the Columbia District (/wiki/Columbia_District) , was in large part motivated by the North American fur trade, establishing a network of forts and supply routes that laid the developmental groundwork for the modern Canadian state. Indigenous and European hunters and trappers (/wiki/Trappers) supplied trade networks that capitalized on the demand for beaver pelts in European markets. [1] (#cite_note-1) Capotes (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) (long wrap-style wool (/wiki/Wool) coats (/wiki/Coat) , often complete with a hood) were worn by European settlers (/wiki/Settlers) , traders, trappers, and hunters, as well as Indigenous peoples, since the earliest days of the fur trade. These coats were known to be easy to move in, and were first traded to the Mi'kmaq (/wiki/Mi%27kmaq) by French sailors. The Hudson's Bay Company, which was granted monopoly over Rupert's Land via royal charter (/wiki/Royal_charter) from Charles II of England (/wiki/Charles_II_of_England) , sold capotes (also called "blanket coats"), fabricated out of the company's unique "point blanket", from trading posts such as Moose Factory (/wiki/Moose_Factory) , New Severn (/wiki/New_Severn) , York Factory (/wiki/York_Factory) , and Fort Churchill (/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba) as early as the mid-17th century. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-northwest_journal-capots-3) Beginning in the 17th century, European explorers and traders increasingly wore mukluks (/wiki/Mukluks) ; hide (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) boots originally crafted by Inuit (/wiki/Inuit) peoples using sealskin (/wiki/Sealskin) and caribou (/wiki/Caribou) skin. Mukluks were designed for maneuverability and warmth, and were blind stitched (/wiki/Blind_stitch) with sinew (/wiki/Sinew) thread to make watertight seams, thus being suitable for tundra (/wiki/Tundra) . European adoption of mukluks in turn influenced Indigenous crafting by introducing new materials, sewing techniques, and styles, as seen in the increased used of tassels (/wiki/Tassels) and new beading patterns (/wiki/Beadwork) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Habitants (/wiki/Habitants) ( French-Canadian (/wiki/French-Canadian) farmers and fishers) comprised 80% of the population of New France (/wiki/New_France) by the time of the British conquest in 1763 (/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)) . Habitant clothing was largely homemade or spun by local weavers (/wiki/Weaving) , usually using linen (/wiki/Linen) , hemp (/wiki/Hemp) , or wool, and lined with leather (/wiki/Leather) or fur (/wiki/Fur_clothing) , and was similar to the conservative clothing worn in the French countryside. Men tended to wear a shift (/wiki/Shift_(clothing)) or shirt (/wiki/Shirt) , breeches (/wiki/Breeches) , wool stockings (/wiki/Stockings) , sometimes a vest or waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) , and either leather shoes (/wiki/Shoes) , clogs (/wiki/Clogs) or moccasins (/wiki/Moccasins) . Men would also wear breechclouts (/wiki/Breechclouts) or toques (/wiki/Toque) depending on the season. Daily-wear for women included cotton shifts, woolen skirts (/wiki/Skirts) over a petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) , wool stockings held up by garters (/wiki/Garters) , bodices (/wiki/Bodices) , bonnets (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) , and buckle shoes or clogs. Habitant women also kept dresses (/wiki/Dresses) , mantles (/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)) , aprons (/wiki/Aprons) , and shawls (/wiki/Shawls) . [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) The bourgeoisie (/wiki/Bourgeoisie) of New France generally wore clothes with comparatively finer fabrics, such as silk (/wiki/Silk) and velvet (/wiki/Velvet) , and utilized a wider variety of colour. Men often wore wigs and tri-corner hats (/wiki/Tricorne) with feathers, decorative buttons, and braids, and tended to have embroideries on their clothing. Bourgeois men also tended to wear ties or scarves made of muslin (/wiki/Muslin) . Bourgeois women wore decorative fashions, such as blouses with lace collars and skirts with pleats (/wiki/Pleats) , generally more fitted dresses and dress coats than their lower-class counterparts, and often carried fans or parasols (/wiki/Parasols) . [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) New France nobility wore similar fashions to the bourgeoisie, but were generally more lavish and extravagant in their fabrics and designs. Men wore wigs and tri-corner hats, although before the 18th century, these wigs were often so large that hats had to be carried underarm. They wore shirts with lace collars and cuffs, Steinkerque lace cravats (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) , gold and silver-threaded vests and coats, and silk pants, stockings, and shoes. Noblemen also often carried canes, wore gloves, and even as wigs downsized, the tradition of carrying hats underarm persisted. [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) Noble women wore bonnets decorated with lace and gems (often in the shape of butterflies), as well as blouses adorned with frilled lace and with funnel-shaped lace sleeves. Their dresses and skirts often had gold and silver thread, floral designs, fringes, and were typically layered over petticoats. Dress trains (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) in New France were also traditionally cut to length in accordance with one's level of nobility. Like their male counterparts, noble women wore silk stockings and shoes. Accessories included parasols, gloves, and gold and silver ribbons that often held garments together. [5] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-01-14-5) Post-New France and the new British colonies (1760s to 1800s) [ edit ] See also: 1750–1775 in Western fashion (/wiki/1750%E2%80%931775_in_Western_fashion) and 1775–1795 in Western fashion (/wiki/1775%E2%80%931795_in_Western_fashion) The Coming of the Loyalists by Henry Sandham (/wiki/Henry_Sandham) (c. between 1880 and 1910), depicting a romanticised arrival of United Empire Loyalists to a New Brunswick (/wiki/New_Brunswick) shore. The men are shown in century coats, waistcoats, and tricorne hats, while the women wear brightly coloured dresses, shawls, and ornamented hats. Though the early years following the British conquest of New France (/wiki/Conquest_of_New_France_(1758-1760)) did not see a dramatic shift in the way of working-class fashion, the changing styles among the upper-classes in England and France did influence those of the Canadian colonies. Fashions of upper-class Canadian women reflected those of their European counterparts, such as through the use of lace, boned stays, pastels, and ruffles. Though English styles were incorporated into the wardrobes of French-Canadian women, these styles were more prevalent in English-majority areas during this period, particularly in Upper Canada (/wiki/Upper_Canada) and the Atlantic colonies (/wiki/Canadian_maritimes) , where immigrants from Britain and the influx of United Empire Loyalists (/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalists) tended to settle. English and French styles during this time were typically distinguished by their level of extravagance; English-Canadian dresses tended to be more toned-down and conservative. [6] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-06-30-6) In contrast to the macaroni fashion (/wiki/Macaroni_(fashion)) that took off in London (/wiki/London) during the Georgian era (/wiki/Georgian_era) , men's fashion in the Canadian colonies tended to shift toward a comparatively casual and sleek appearance. Men's clothes in the latter part of the 18th century became tighter over time, and three-piece suits (/wiki/Suit) started to become more commonplace. [6] (#cite_note-cdnhistorybits_2015-06-30-6) Regency Era (1810s to 1830s) [ edit ] See also: 1795–1820 in Western fashion (/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_Western_fashion) , 1820s in Western fashion (/wiki/1820s_in_Western_fashion) , and 1830s in Western fashion (/wiki/1830s_in_Western_fashion) Major-General The Hon. Aeneas Shaw by John Wycliffe Lowes Forster (/wiki/John_Wycliffe_Lowes_Forster) (1902), depicting Æneas Shaw (/wiki/%C3%86neas_Shaw) in a scarlet tailcoat with golden epaulettes (/wiki/Epaulettes) and buttons, white trousers, and a black cape with red lining The Regency era (/wiki/Regency_era) marks the beginning of the Great Migration of Canada (/wiki/Great_Migration_of_Canada) , in which roughly 800,000 migrants, largely from the British Isles (/wiki/British_Isles) , moved to British North America. As a result, London upper-class fashions, such as those of the Romantic movement (/wiki/Romantic_movement) and the dandy (/wiki/Dandy) trend, became much more predominant throughout the Canadian colonies; in Upper Canada, the Maritimes, and even in Lower Canada (/wiki/Lower_Canada) , where a Francophone majority persisted. In Fashion: A Canadian Perspective , Alexandra Palmer explains that "by the 1830s Lower Canadian professionals were spending a greater proportion of their income (some 20%) on attire. This was more than any other class, making them leaders in fashion as well as politics. They were, for example, early purchasers not only of trousers but also the stylish Wellington (/wiki/Wellington_boots) and Brunswick boots advertised in Lower Canadian newspapers after 1815. […] These men went from wearing wigs or tying back their own long hair […] to short natural styles." "Dandy" fashion entailed some common elements: dark colours, blue tailcoats with gold buttons, white muslin shirts, trousers replacing breeches, fabrics like silk, wool, cotton, and buckskin, and generally tight-fitting clothes. Other important articles and accessories for upper-class men included black silk tophats (/wiki/Tophats) (or "toppers"), cravats, gloves, canes, pocket watches (/wiki/Pocket_watches) , monocles (/wiki/Monocles) , and greatcoats (/wiki/Greatcoats) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The black-on-red tartan pattern (/wiki/Clan_Gregor#Tartans) was used in the fabrication of mackinaw jackets during the War of 1812 Women's high fashion took a dramatic shift from the understated fashions of decades prior as extravagant styles became popular, utilizing such elements as poofy sleeves, bell-shaped skirts, elaborate hats, and ribbons. Empire dresses (/wiki/Empire_silhouette) from the early part of the century were high-waisted with a fitted bodice, and were flowing and loose fitting at the bottom. Preceding years over the course of this period saw older styles blending into new, such as dresses with "empire" waistlines but with fuller skirts, and also saw the beginnings of gigot-style sleeves as a trend. As sleeves expanded during the 1820s, the common fashion for waistlines also inched lower overtime. [8] (#cite_note-8) During the War of 1812 (/wiki/War_of_1812) , the mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) was invented out of necessity. During the occupation of Fort Mackinac (/wiki/Fort_Mackinac) , the British commander Charles Roberts (/wiki/Charles_Roberts_(soldier,_died_1816)) requisitioned a supply of Hudson's Bay point blankets from the British Indian Department (/wiki/British_Indian_Department) to manufacture greatcoats for the coming winter. Due to the shortage of blue fabric needed to complete the order, the balance was supplemented by blankets with a black-on-red tartan (/wiki/Tartan) pattern. After being advised by a dispatch runner on the impracticality of travelling in long greatcoats between Montreal and Mackinaw during winter due to snowdrifts (/wiki/Snowdrift) , it was recommended that they instead fabricate shorter double-breasted (/wiki/Double-breasted) jackets, thus inventing what became known as the '’mackinaw jacket'’. [9] (#cite_note-WooleySketches-9) [10] (#cite_note-TTS-10) Confederation Era (1840s to 1890s) [ edit ] See also: Victorian fashion (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) , 1840s in Western fashion (/wiki/1840s_in_Western_fashion) , 1850s in Western fashion (/wiki/1850s_in_Western_fashion) , 1860s in Western fashion (/wiki/1860s_in_Western_fashion) , 1870s in Western fashion (/wiki/1870s_in_Western_fashion) , 1880s in Western fashion (/wiki/1880s_in_Western_fashion) , and 1890s in Western fashion (/wiki/1890s_in_Western_fashion) Painting of the Bowman (/wiki/Bowmanville) family by an unknown artist (c.1840s). Store-owner Charles Bowman and his sons are dressed in three-piece suits while his wife and daughters wear dresses. Additions and accessories include Charles' stock tie, his wife's bonnet, his older daughter's shawl, and his younger daughter's capelet. Everyday fashion for women during the Confederation era (/wiki/Canadian_Confederation) was characterized by variety, ornamentation, and ever-changing styles. Dresses in the 1830s were notable for their width, voluminousness, and gigot-style sleeves. The 1850s saw the popularity of crinolines skirts and bell-shaped shirts. Over time, the fashionability of the perch at the back of the dress shifted to smoother lines, akin to an "hour-glass" shape by the end of the 19th century. Canadian middle-class women often had to modify their existing attire to sustain the changing trends. [11] (#cite_note-11) Formal dress for Canadian women was important during this era due to the popularity of costumed theatre, skating carnivals, and balls (/wiki/Ballroom_dance) . Historical figures, such as Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) , were popular costume inspirations, and great care was taken to achieve historical accuracy whilst keeping in line with contemporary fashion. The 1870s, for example, saw the popularity of the "princess-style dress", which was sewn without a waistline and incorporated a white wig and regal velvet sleeve detail. These events were typically themed to celebrate Canadian history (/wiki/Canadian_history) or the British Empire (/wiki/British_Empire) , and had a function of disseminating educational themes of technological progress, art, and literature through local newspapers. [12] (#cite_note-12) Women's outerwear had to adapt to the changing styles of dress. For example, with the 1850s crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) trend, overcoats were exchanged for shawls. The paisley shawl (/wiki/Paisley_shawl) , which were already in common use in Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) and the British Raj (/wiki/British_Raj) , was particularly popular during this time. Hats and bonnets also became particularly popular in the 1880s and 90s, and millinery (/wiki/Millinery) became a growing trade for women, separate from dressmaking (/wiki/Dressmaking) . Materials such as ribbons, lace, flowers, feathers, and sometimes bird ornaments were artistically incorporated as hats came to be seen as increasingly stylish and not simply functional attire. [13] (#cite_note-13) Leslie Ward (/wiki/Leslie_Ward) 's caricatures of Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal (/wiki/Donald_Smith,_1st_Baron_Strathcona_and_Mount_Royal) , 1900 (left), and Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier (/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier) , 1897 (right), as published in Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)) . Strathcona and Laurier are illustrated wearing professional attire typical of this period; dark three-piece suits, white collars, and morning coats. Professional attire became increasingly prominent with Canada's burgeoning middle class. These clothes were required to be low-maintenance and perceived as respectable, as masculine fashions gradually shifted from the decorative styles of previous eras in favour of black suits. Though custom-made suits were worn by wealthy and prominent professionals, cheaper ready-made suits became more widely available and marketed through mail-order catalogues by companies like T. Eaton Co. (/wiki/Eaton%27s) and Dupuis Frères. [14] (#cite_note-14) Fur coats were common during the winter months, as seen in the distinctive designs of R.J. Devlin, who made beaver-fur greatcoats that were known to be particularly popular among members of the Ontario Legislative Assembly (/wiki/Ontario_Legislative_Assembly) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Increasing simplicity in men's everyday wear provided the opportunity for personal flare through luxury ornaments and accessories. Such items included pocket watches, detachable collars, ties, cravats, stocks (/wiki/Stock_tie) , and tophats. [16] (#cite_note-16) Other men's fashions came in the form of leisure and club wear. Sporting attire was produced to meet demand from the increasing interest in activities like hockey (/wiki/Ice_hockey) , equestrian (/wiki/Equestrianism) , cycling (/wiki/Cycling) , walking, and swimming. For example, breeches became more vogue due to the popularity of horseback riding and cycling. [17] (#cite_note-17) The rise in membership of fraternal organizations (/wiki/Fraternity) , such as the Freemasons (/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada) and the Orange Order (/wiki/Orange_Order_in_Canada) , saw an increased use of ceremonial garments. Such garments included the Freemasons' apron, based on the functional attire of medieval stonemasons and adorned with Masonic symbols, ribbons, and rosettes, and the collar of the Orange Order in Canada, which was embroidered with British-Canadian symbols like the thistle, shamrock, rose, and maple leaf. [18] (#cite_note-18) Left: ornate wool dress tailored by J.J. Miloy (1887). Right: wool doeskin (/wiki/Doeskin) skirt-suit with a silk velvet collar, silk lining, and mother-of-pearl (/wiki/Nacre) buttons by William St. Pierre Ltd. (c. 1900) The mid-19th century saw the development of local, custom-made clothing industries and the increase in prestige of fashion design as a trade. Canadian fashion designers during this period were dressmakers and tailors (/wiki/Tailors) who often ran local storefronts, which may have also sold fabrics and accessories, catering to local urban markets such as Toronto, Montreal, and Ottawa. These businesses often operated under the name of the owner-designer, and by the late 19th to early 20th century, city directories listed an outstanding quantity of local tailors and dressmaking shops. This period also saw labels (/wiki/Brand) become a common industry practice for designers to guarantee their authorship, and department stores began selling designer clothing alongside ready-made selections. Famous elite Canadian designers during this period include G.M. Holbrook (Ottawa), William Stitt and Co. and O'Brien (Toronto), and J.J. Miloy (Montreal), who were notably patronized by the governor general (/wiki/Governor_general_of_Canada) Frederick Arthur Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby (/wiki/Frederick_Arthur_Stanley,_16th_Earl_of_Derby) and his wife, Lady Stanley. [19] (#cite_note-19) Edwardian Era, World War 1, and Interwar Period (1900s to 1930s) [ edit ] See also: 1900s in Western fashion (/wiki/1900s_in_Western_fashion) , 1910s in Western fashion (/wiki/1910s_in_Western_fashion) , 1920s in Western fashion (/wiki/1920s_in_Western_fashion) , and 1930–1945 in Western fashion (/wiki/1930%E2%80%931945_in_Western_fashion) Eaton's Spring and Summer Catalogue (1916) Edwardian (/wiki/Edwardian_era) women's fashion was characterized notably by the preeminence of Parisian haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , which had a marked influence on western fashion broadly, including in the Dominion of Canada. For example, the S-shaped "columnar silhouette", made popular by Parisian couturiers , saw the phasing out of corsets which were fundamental to the fashions of the previous era. [20] (#cite_note-20) Mass-produced (/wiki/Mass-produced) clothing also started to become more prevalent, which squeezed the local custom garment industry, particularly in men's wear. Notable Canadian designers during the 1920s and 30s include Madame Martha, who designed and sold couture clothing in Toronto, and Ida Desmarais, who designed gowns (/wiki/Gowns) for a Montreal clientele. Gaby Bernier and Marie-Paule Nolin were also important Montreal designers who established their practices during the 1930s. The influx of imports from European designers, particularly those of Paris (/wiki/Paris) , to Canadian department stores like Eaton's, Simpson's, and Holt Renfrew presented further challenges for local producers, although some Canadian designers had garnered enough brand recognition to maintain a presence with department stores, such as Madame Martha's "French Salon" at the Simpson's Toronto location, and Marie-Paule Nolin's in-store salon and couture workroom at Holt Renfrew's Montreal location. [21] (#cite_note-21) Left: Service dress of Captain Noel Farrow, Canadian Expeditionary Force (/wiki/Canadian_Expeditionary_Force) (1917), as displayed at Glenbow Museum (/wiki/Glenbow_Museum) . Right: "New Easter Frocks, Undeniably Chic and Cleverly Designed" from Canadian Home Journal (1920). The Edwardian era saw the brightly-coloured military regalia (/wiki/Military_uniform) , typical of the previous century, replaced with the Canadian-patterned service dress jacket (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) , which was intended to double as both a field and dress jacket. This jacket was characterized by a stand-up collar secured by hooks and eyes, a 5 to 7-button front closure, two box-pleated breast-pockets with scalloped flaps and buttons, two hip-pockets with flaps, gauntlet-style cuffs, and sometimes coloured shoulder straps. During the First World War (/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada_during_World_War_I) , an economy version of this service jacket was introduced in the form of the "Kitchener Pattern", which notably replaced box-pleats at the breast-pockets with standard pockets. [22] (#cite_note-22) Efforts toward women's rights (/wiki/Women%27s_rights) by suffragettes (/wiki/Suffragettes) , particularly Canada's Famous Five (/wiki/The_Famous_Five_(Canada)) , as well as an increase in women's participation in sport, helped to advance changing ideals for the woman's role in Canadian society, which was reflected through developments in fashion. Canadian women's fashion in the 1920s continued a shift away from the more physically restrictive styles of the Confederation era and toward generally more comfortable garments, such as trousers and short skirts. Similar to the developing fashion scenes of other western countries, the flapper (/wiki/Flapper) style became popular among Canadian women during this decade. As the decade developed, particular styles of women's articles gained popularity in this vein, such as shift dresses, straight bodices, collars, and all-in-one lingerie, and the corset became increasingly substituted by chemise (/wiki/Chemise) dresses or camisoles (/wiki/Camisoles) and bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) . [23] (#cite_note-23) The 1920’s also saw developments in the way of men's suits. Similar to women's fashions of the time, everyday suit-wear became less formal and more considerate of personal comfort. Shorter suit jackets replaced formal long suit jackets for casual wear. The service uniforms of the First World War influenced men's jackets of the early 1920s; they tended to be high-waisted with narrow lapels. Trousers during this part of the decade also tended to be narrow. The latter half of the decade saw the typical suit jacket develop a lower waistline, wider lapels, and Oxford bags (/wiki/Oxford_bags) became more popular in place of narrower pants. Men's headwear during this time was typically stratified by class; upper-class men tended to wear tophats or homburg hats (/wiki/Homburg_hats) , the middle-class tended to wear fedoras (/wiki/Fedoras) , bowler hats (/wiki/Bowler_hat) , or trilby hats (/wiki/Trilby) , while working-class men tended to wear newsboy caps (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) or flat caps (/wiki/Flat_Cap) . [24] (#cite_note-24) World War 2 and Post-war Era (1940s to 1950s) [ edit ] See also: 1945–1960 in Western fashion (/wiki/1945%E2%80%931960_in_Western_fashion) This Chatelaine cover (1943) depicts a woman, or "career girl", in a simple buttoned shirt at a desk with a typewriter. The bottom text encourages the reader to buy war savings stamps (/wiki/Savings_stamp) . The Second World War (/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II) temporarily, but drastically, altered the Canadian public's relationship with fashion. Textiles and metals that were typically used in the production of clothing were often redirected from consumer fashion and toward the war effort. More functional and practical clothing was culturally encouraged and regulated, as the national consciousness focused on a collective effort toward liberating Europe. Feminine fashion, in particular, reflected working class roles as women took up occupations traditionally filled by men, and was even described as an expression of patriotism. In the 1941 Chatelaine feature titled "How Do We Dress From Here?", Carolyn Damon wrote that "today we think more seriously, and so we dress more seriously." [25] (#cite_note-25) As part of the War Measures Act (/wiki/War_Measures_Act) , the Wartime Prices and Trade Board (/wiki/Wartime_Prices_and_Trade_Board) became responsible for the control of goods and services, which affected the country's fashion economy dramatically. The WPTB's mandate included supply allocation, manufacturing capacity, labour allotment, product design, product change regulations, distribution of goods and services, and price controls. Because the manufacturing capacity and fabrics of certain clothing articles, such as jackets and pants, directly contradicted the production of military clothing, a simplification program for consumer fashion was enforced, which had the effect of reducing the diversity of available styles, silhouettes, colours, and dimensions. Despite these restrictions, the perpetuation of fashion nonetheless persisted. Newspapers (/wiki/History_of_Canadian_newspapers) , newsmagazines (/wiki/Newsmagazines) , and magazines (/wiki/List_of_Canadian_magazines) consistently published columns, stories, and features dedicated to opinions and developments in fashion. New clothing designs, accessory descriptions, and stories addressing WPTB restrictions were continuously published throughout the war. [26] (#cite_note-26) Women's "skirt-suit" modeled in Chatelaine magazine's April 1942 edition Women's fashion and fashion journalism continued to develop during the war, as demonstrated through seasonal style changes and the adoption of new clothing articles. For example, the summer fashions of 1940 were described as "gracefully feminine", while the following autumn shifted to a comparatively narrower silhouette, and the spring of 1941 was distinguished by reduced shoulder padding and shorter and narrower skirts. Women's suits (typically consisting of a jacket and skirt), in particular, became an important fashion story, turning into a common wardrobe staple and being described as a "Canadian tradition". In the spring of 1942, the popularity of suits even overtook that of coats and dresses. Similarly, the increased appropriation of slacks by women, a typically male garment at the time, was a major wartime story that represented a shift in gender roles. Manufacturers often developed uniforms for their workforce, which tended to include comfortable low heels, short-sleeved blouses, slacks, and a bandana (/wiki/Bandana) or snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) . [27] (#cite_note-27) Department store catalogues, such as those of Eaton's, Simpson's, and Dupuis Frères, continued to have an important influence on women's fashion in the years following the end of the war. Although rural women in particular mostly used catalogues to order fabrics (from which they would fabricate their own clothing based on designs found in the catalogues), ready-to-wear fashions grew more prevalent as these catalogues became increasingly important to Canadian consumer culture. [28] (#cite_note-28) Dresses in the 1940s and 50s post-war era shifted away from the pre-war styles of the 1920s and 30s, which emphasized a natural look with shortened skirts, shorter sleeves, lower necklines, and relatively loose-fitting dresses with a somewhat square shape. Post-war dresses tended to fit tighter at the top, while wide and full at the bottom. Corsets, crinolines, and girdles returned to fashion during this period, as the emphasis on slimness increased via the influence of commercial advertising. Catalogues also promoted youth as the standard of feminine beauty, advertising products like creams (/wiki/Lotion) , hair treatments, complexion pills, and clothes which lent themselves to a more youthful appearance (such as corsets and girdles). Modeling displayed in catalogues distributed between western (/wiki/Western_Canada) and eastern Canada (/wiki/Eastern_Canada) had notable differences, as these strict standards for youth and beauty were emphasised more in eastern markets; catalogues issued in western Canada tended to be more liberal in using female models with fuller figures or more aged appearances. [29] (#cite_note-29) Fashion models (/wiki/Fashion_models) Joan Ward (left) and Barbara Ellis (right) compare fashions in a Simpson's catalogue from 1902 with the Fall and Winter Catalogue of 1952 This period was an important time in the development of Canada's department store landscape. With the imminent closing of the North American fur trade, the Hudson's Bay Company underwent a "modernization program" which involved entering the commercial retail space. Although the company had operated urban storefronts since the late 19th century, and had established department stores in western Canadian cities such as Vancouver, Victoria (/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia) , Winnipeg (/wiki/Winnipeg) , Saskatoon (/wiki/Saskatoon) , Calgary (/wiki/Calgary) , and Edmonton since the early 20th century, it was not until the company acquired Morgan's (/wiki/Henry_Morgan_%26_Company) in 1960 that it entered the larger markets in central Canada. This would begin a monopolising trend within Canada's developing retail landscape, as the company would go on to acquire Freimans (/wiki/Freimans) in 1972, Simpson's in 1978, and Woodward's (/wiki/Woodwards) in 1993. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) Holt Renfrew also made important moves during the post-war era by closing key deals with leading haute couture fashion houses from France and Italy (notably the House of Christian Dior (/wiki/Dior) , which Holt Renfrew became the exclusive Canadian distributor for). The company expanded its sales operations in Edmonton, Calgary, and London (/wiki/London,_Ontario) during the early 1950s, and established key outlets at some of Canada's grand railway hotels (/wiki/Grand_railway_hotels_of_Canada) , such as the Royal York (/wiki/Fairmont_Royal_York) , Chateau Frontenac (/wiki/Chateau_Frontenac) , and Château Laurier (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Laurier) . [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) By 1958, most women's clothing sold in Canada was manufactured domestically, with skilled workers able to produce up to 15 dresses a day on average, although both the textiles and designs were often imported. For example, the "Parisian chemise", which was introduced to European markets two years prior, was first sold in Canadian stores during this year. [34] (#cite_note-34) In 1954, the Association of Canadian Couturiers was founded, which was mandated with establishing a recognisable identity and media presence for Canadian design in the broader international market. Renowned members included Montreal's Jacques de Montjoye and Toronto's Frederica. After producing the first all-Canadian fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) during their inaugural year, the Association continued to produce shows in Canadian cities twice a year, until they disbanded in 1968. [35] (#cite_note-35) Late 20th Century (1960s to 1990s) [ edit ] See also: 1960s in fashion (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) , 1970s in fashion (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) , 1980s in fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) , and 1990s in fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) The first Club Monaco store opened on Queen Street, Toronto (/wiki/Queen_Street,_Toronto) in 1985 In 1974, the Fashion Designers Association of Canada was founded, which was mandated to promote Canadian designers as well as generate appreciation for the fashion industry's contribution to Canadian society as a whole. This Association was partly founded by Michel Robichaud and Marielle Fleury, who became globally renown when their designs toured Europe in the lead-up to Expo 67 (/wiki/Expo_67) . Other notable members included Montreal's Léo Chevalier and John Warden, and Toronto's Pat McDonagh, Claire Haddad, Marilyn Brooks, and Elen Henderson. The Association held seasonal fashion shows in both Toronto and Montreal until 1980, when it disbanded. [36] (#cite_note-36) Despite the dissolution of two fashion design associations in the 60s and 80s, the developing export market in the final decades of the 20th century marked an increase in global recognition of Canadian fashion design. Canadian fashion designers that garnered significant international reputations during this era include Alfred Sung (/wiki/Alfred_Sung) (co-founder of Club Monaco (/wiki/Club_Monaco) ), Jean-Claude Poitras, Simon Chang (/wiki/Simon_Chang_(designer)) , Hilary Radley, Linda Lundstrom (/wiki/Linda_Lundstrom) , and Wayne Clark. [37] (#cite_note-37) Furthermore, Canada's third and current fashion design association, the Fashion Design Council of Canada (/wiki/Fashion_Design_Council_of_Canada) , was founded at the end of the millennium, operating as "the national trade association representing the interests of the Canadian fashion design industry." [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) The late 20th century constitutes an era in which many of Canada's most prolific brands were founded. This includes Ontario brands such as Sorel (/wiki/Sorel_(brand)) (1962), Roots (/wiki/Roots_Canada) (1973), and Moores (/wiki/Moores) (1980); Quebec brands such as Aldo (/wiki/Aldo_Group) (1972), Ardene (/wiki/Ardene) (1982), and Boutique La Vie en Rose (/wiki/Boutique_La_Vie_en_Rose) (1984); and British Columbia brands such as Aritzia (/wiki/Aritzia) (1984), Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) (1989), and Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) (1998). Fashion industry [ edit ] See also: List of Canadian clothing store chains (/wiki/List_of_Canadian_clothing_store_chains) Economy [ edit ] Roots store on Bloor St., Toronto As of 2023, the Canadian fashion industry is estimated to have generated a revenue of US$17.85bn, and revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate of 12.47% until 2027, resulting in a projected market volume of US$28.56bn. [40] (#cite_note-40) Canadian brands include Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) , Canada Goose (/wiki/Canada_Goose_(clothing)) , Frank and Oak, Herschel Supply Co. (/wiki/Herschel_Supply_Co.) , Hilary MacMillan, Hudson North, Kit and Ace (/wiki/Kit_and_Ace) , Kotn (/wiki/Kotn) , Lesley Hampton (/wiki/Lesley_Hampton) , Mackage (/wiki/Mackage) , Mejuri, Naked and Famous, Oak + Fort, Rudsak, Smash + Tess, Soia & Kyo, Sorel (/wiki/Sorel_(brand)) , and Tentree. Many Canadian clothing store chains also distribute their own original brands, such as Ardene (/wiki/Ardene) , Aritzia (/wiki/Aritzia) , ALDO (/wiki/ALDO) , Bluenotes (/wiki/Bluenotes) , Boutique La Vie en Rose (/wiki/Boutique_La_Vie_en_Rose) , Club Monaco (/wiki/Club_Monaco) , Garage (/wiki/Garage_(clothing_retailer)) , Harry Rosen (/wiki/Harry_Rosen) , Le Château (/wiki/Le_Ch%C3%A2teau) , Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) , Moores (/wiki/Moores) , Reitmans (/wiki/Reitmans) , Roots Canada (/wiki/Roots_Canada) , Tip Top Tailors (/wiki/Tip_Top_Tailors) , and Urban Behaviour (/wiki/Urban_Behaviour) . Media [ edit ] Pink Tartan brand on display at the Spring 2015 Toronto Fashion Week in Pecaut Square (/wiki/Pecaut_Square) Fashion magazines published in Canada include Canadian Living (/wiki/Canadian_Living) , Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(magazine)) , Dolce, Elle Canada (/wiki/Elle_Canada) , fab (/wiki/Fab_(magazine)) , Fashion Magazine (/wiki/Fashion_Magazine) , Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) , glow (/wiki/Glow_(magazine)) , Hello! Canada (/wiki/Hello!_Canada) , LOU LOU (/wiki/Lou_Lou) , NUVO, SHARP (/wiki/Sharp_(magazine)) , and Vancouver Magazine (/wiki/Vancouver_Magazine) . Industry events in Canada include Toronto Fashion Week (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) , Ottawa Fashion Week (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) , Montreal Fashion and Design Festival (/wiki/McGill_College_Avenue#Events) , Vancouver Fashion Week (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) , and Western Canada Fashion Week, among others. Some popular Canadian fashion models include Shalom Harlow (/wiki/Shalom_Harlow) , Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) , Yasmin Warsame (/wiki/Yasmin_Warsame) , Stacey McKenzie (/wiki/Stacey_McKenzie) , Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) , Heather Marks (/wiki/Heather_Marks) , Andi Muise, and Linda Evangelista (/wiki/Linda_Evangelista) . [41] (#cite_note-41) Education [ edit ] Bata Shoe Museum on Bloor St., Toronto Canadian schools with post-secondary programs in fashion design and marking include Ryerson University School of Fashion (/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University) , George Brown College (/wiki/George_Brown_College) , LaSalle College (/wiki/LaSalle_College) , Wilson School of Design at Kwantlen Polytechnic University (/wiki/Kwantlen_Polytechnic_University) , Seneca College (/wiki/Seneca_College) , Richard Robinson Fashion Design Academy (/wiki/Richard_Robinson_(fashion_designer)) , Fanshawe College (/wiki/Fanshawe_College) , Humber College (/wiki/Humber_College) , University of Alberta (/wiki/University_of_Alberta) , and School of Media, Art, & Design at St. Clair College (/wiki/St._Clair_College) . Museums in Canada dedicated to fashion and textiles, or that maintain significant collections dedicated to fashion history, include the Patricia Harris Gallery of Textiles & Costume at the Royal Ontario Museum (/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum) , McCord Stewart Museum (/wiki/McCord_Stewart_Museum) , the Textile Museum of Canada (/wiki/Textile_Museum_of_Canada) , the Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) , the Costume Museum of Canada (/wiki/Costume_Museum_of_Canada) , and the Mississippi Valley Textile Museum in Almonte, Ontario (/wiki/Almonte,_Ontario) . [42] (#cite_note-42) Trends and national costumes [ edit ] See also: Buffalo coat (/wiki/Buffalo_coat) , Canadian tuxedo (/wiki/Canadian_tuxedo) , Ceinture fléchée (/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e) , Coonskin cap (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) , and Cowichan sweater (/wiki/Cowichan_sweater) Hudson's Bay Company catalogue advertisement for Mackinaw jackets (1936) Postcard illustration of a woman in a "typical Canadian winter dress" (1907) Canadian consumer fashion trends are linked to the legacy of the country's fashion history and are often an expression of the varied lifestyles associated with Canada's social classes and geography, as seen in athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) and functional apparel. The "blanket jacket", for example, is possibly Canada's first athleisure garment, and is a continuation of the capotes and mackinaw jackets fashioned from wool blankets. According to Fashion: A Canadian Perspective , "the blanket coat was often labeled in the press as a national costume that represented the Canadian identity." Modern Canadian brands, like Aritzia and Simons, have drawn inspiration from this model for their own products. Athleisure has had continued influence on Canadian fashion developments, as seen in the innovations in leggings (/wiki/Leggings) and sweatsuits during the late 20th century by Lululemon and Roots respectively. [43] (#cite_note-43) The parka (/wiki/Parka) is another traditional form of functional fashion, which originates from Indigenous cultures of Northern Canada (/wiki/Northern_Canada) , and has been adapted and marketed for upscale urban wear by brands such as Quartz Co. and Canada Goose. [44] (#cite_note-44) Since the mid-20th century, Canada has been a hub for innovation and design in winter boots, with local companies having integrated insulated footwear and convenient street styles. Examples include "cougar pillow" boots, First Nations-inspired moccasin footwear, and the waterproof cold-weather boots designed by Sorel. [45] (#cite_note-45) Various headwear (/wiki/Headwear) have been developed in Canada and have often carried cultural and historical significance. Beaver hats (/wiki/Beaver_hats) and their demand in the European market, for example, were an important driver of the Canadian fur trade. The Calgary white hat (/wiki/Calgary_White_Hat) is a more contemporary example; a garment of symbolic importance for the city of Calgary, Alberta, rooted in the traditional ranching and farming culture of the area. The "White Hat" provides Calgary with a sense of communal identity, an idealized citizen epitomized in the "Canadian cowboy", and a sense of living on the margins and distinction from perceived centralising powers within Canada. [46] (#cite_note-46) Although the knitted cap, or " beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) ", was not invented in Canada, it has none the less been distinguished within the Canadian consciousness as an important piece of national apparel. Other headgear that were developed in Canada include the tilley hat (/wiki/Tilley_Endurables) , the Pangnirtung (/wiki/Pangnirtung) (or "Pang") hat, and the "Christy stiff" variety of derby hat (/wiki/Derby_hat) . [47] (#cite_note-47) Equestrian style elements (/wiki/British_country_clothing) have had a marked influence on modern Canadian design and trends. With the enduring popularity of the "horse girl" aesthetic through clothing articles such as women's tailored blazers (/wiki/Blazer) , tall leather boots, crewneck (/wiki/Crewneck) sweaters, plaid barn jackets, and sleek leggings, this style has been a source of guidance for major brands like Smythe, Aldo, Roots, and Brunette the Label. [48] (#cite_note-48) Smythe's notoriety as a high-end designer of equestrian-inspired fashion was increased after their blazers were worn by the Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales) at several public events, including the 2011 and 2016 royal tours of Canada (/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada) . Brands like Street and Saddle and Ellie Mae have adapted recreational equestrian styles for everyday and professional wear, particularly the autumn fashion season. [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) Uniforms [ edit ] Left: Billy Bishop (/wiki/Billy_Bishop) wearing a regulation fur wedge cap as a cadet at the Royal Military College (1914). Right: Mountie wearing her ceremonial uniform at the Vancouver Pride Parade (/wiki/Vancouver_Pride_Parade) (2009). Public service [ edit ] See also: Uniforms of the Canadian Armed Forces (/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces) One of Canada's most recognizable and internationally-renown uniforms is the ceremonial outfit of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police) . This uniform consists of the Red Serge (/wiki/Red_Serge) (a scarlet military-pattern tunic, complete with a high-neck black collar), midnight-blue breeches with yellow trouser piping, an oxblood (/wiki/Oxblood) Sam Browne belt (/wiki/Sam_Browne_belt) with white sidearm lanyard (/wiki/Lanyard) and matching oxblood riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boots) , brown felt campaign hat (/wiki/Campaign_hat) (also known as the "stetson hat"), and oxblood gloves. [51] (#cite_note-51) The fur wedge cap (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) is a traditional piece of headgear for some Canadian police forces, such as the RCMP and Toronto Police Service (/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service) , as well as the Canadian Armed Forces (/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces) , where it was in use from the 1890s to the 1970s. It continues to be worn by officer cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada (/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada) . The outside layer of the cap is usually made from either synthetic fur (/wiki/Synthetic_fur) or an animal product, such as Persian lamb (/wiki/Persian_lamb) wool, and is designed to fold flat when not in use. [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-ref7-53) Non-governmental organisations [ edit ] There are a number of Canadian youth associations which require standard-issue uniforms for their members. One such organisation is the Girl Guides of Canada (/wiki/Girl_Guides_of_Canada) , which has had a myriad of different uniforms for each of its branches since its inception in 1909. The earliest known uniform for Guides included a navy-blue (/wiki/Navy-blue) skirt, a red biretta (/wiki/Biretta) or straw hat (for Summer), navy-blue stockings, white lanyard (/wiki/Lanyard) , and a jersey and neckerchief (/wiki/Neckerchief) in "company colours". Currently, youth branches all maintain some variation of a navy-blue shirt or tunic with a trefoil (/wiki/Trefoil) , with optional sashes and scarves. [54] (#cite_note-54) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jennifer S.H. Brown. "Beaver Pelts" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/beaver-pelts) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Hudson's Bay Point Blanket Coat" (http://www.hbcheritage.ca/things/fashion-pop/hudsons-bay-point-blanket-coat) . HBC Heritage . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-northwest_journal-capots_3-0) "Capots (Art. III. Capots, with some Side Lights on Chiefs' Coats & Blankets, 1774-1821, by A. Gottfred.)" (http://www.northwestjournal.ca/XIII3.htm) . Northwest Journal Online . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) René R. Gadacz (20 October 2015). "Mukluk" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mukluk) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-03-20 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cadeau, C. "Fashion in New France (1700-1750)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2015/01/14/fashion-in-new-france-1700-1750/) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cadeau, C. "Women's Fashion After the Fall of New France (1760s to 1780s)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2015/06/30/womens-fashion-after-the-fall-of-new-france-1760s-to-1780s/#more-870) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Cadeau, C. "Men's Fashion During the Regency Era (1810s to 1830s)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2017/12/06/mens-fashion-during-the-regency-era-1810s-to-1830s/) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Cadeau, C. "Women's Fashion During the Regency Era (1810s to 1830s)" (https://cdnhistorybits.wordpress.com/2018/01/02/womens-fashion-during-the-regency-era-1810s-to-1830s/) . All About Canadian History . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-WooleySketches_9-0) Wooley, H. J. L. (1911). The (https://books.google.com/books?id=M6LhAAAAMAAJ) Sword of Old St. Joe . Chp V, pg 17-21. ^ (#cite_ref-TTS_10-0) Cutler, Charles L. (2002). Tracks that speak . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 25-26 (https://archive.org/details/tracksthatspeakl00char/page/25) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0618065105 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Everyday Clothing" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/womens-wear/everyday-clothing.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Fancy Dress" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/womens-wear/fancy-dress.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Outerwear and Accessories" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/womens-wear/outerwear-and-accessories.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Professional Attire" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/professional-attire.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Accessories and Outerwear" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/accessories-and-outerwear.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Accessories and Outerwear" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/accessories-and-outerwear.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Leisure and Sports Clothing" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/leisure-and-sports-clothing.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Club Wear" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/confederationdress/mens-wear/club-wear.php) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Cynthia Cooper. "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Edwardian fashion: A 5-minute Guide" (https://fiveminutehistory.com/edwardian-fashion-a-5-minute-guide/) . 5 Minute History . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Cynthia Cooper. "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Uniforms" (https://www.canadiansoldiers.com/uniforms/uniform.htm) . Canadian Soldiers . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Fatima Fyaaz. "Women and Fashion" (https://roaringtwentieshistoryproject.weebly.com/women-and-fashion.html) . The Roaring Twenties History Project . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Fatima Fyaaz. "Women and Fashion" (https://roaringtwentieshistoryproject.weebly.com/women-and-fashion.html) . The Roaring Twenties History Project . Retrieved 2023-02-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Caton, Susan Turnbull (2004). "Fashion and War in Canada, 1939-1945". In Palmer, Alexandra (ed.). Fashion: A Canadian Perspective . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8020-8809-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Caton, Susan Turnbull (2004). "Fashion and War in Canada, 1939-1945". In Palmer, Alexandra (ed.). Fashion: A Canadian Perspective . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8020-8809-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Caton, Susan Turnbull (2004). "Fashion and War in Canada, 1939-1945". In Palmer, Alexandra (ed.). Fashion: A Canadian Perspective . Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8020-8809-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Shirley Lavertu. "Catalogues and Women's Fashion" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cpm/catalog/cat2103e.html) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Shirley Lavertu. "Catalogues and Women's Fashion" (https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/cpm/catalog/cat2103e.html) . Canadian Museum of History . Retrieved 2023-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "A chronology of key events in the history of the Hudson's Bay Company" (https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/a-chronology-of-key-events-in-the-history-of-the-hudsons-bay-company/) . The Canadian Press . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "History of HBC" (https://www.hbcheritage.ca/history#acquisitions) . HBC Heritage . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Alexandra Palmer (1 November 2001). Couture and commerce – the transatlantic fashion trade in the 1950s . UBC Press. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0774808262 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Holt Renfrew and Co. Ltd" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071203053925/http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/cr-holtrenfrew.htm) . Canadian Register of Commerce & Industry . University of Western Ontario. Archived from the original (http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/cr-holtrenfrew.htm) on 2007-12-03 . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Fashion, food and nuclear fear in the 1950s" (https://www.cbc.ca/archives/fashion-food-and-nuclear-fear-in-the-1950s-1.4698321) . CBC Archives . Retrieved 2023-03-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Fashion Design in Canada" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fashion-design-in-canada) . Cynthia Cooper . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Fashion Design Council of Canada / Robin Kay, President" (https://lobbycanada.gc.ca/app/secure/ocl/lrs/do/vwRg;jsessionid=0001ThdWaTYQdWPkiw7UoRCuhVX:13B5VVUVLE?cno=13531&regId=500781) . Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada . Retrieved 2023-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Fashion - Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Statista . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Riaeleza. "8 Most Popular Canadian Fashion Models" (https://icycanada.com/8-most-popular-canadian-fashion-models/) . Icy Canada . Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Canada" (https://www.fashionandtextilemuseums.com/canada/) . Fashion & Textile Museums . Retrieved 2023-02-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) Kristy Archibald. "6 Fashion Trends That Were Born in Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Nuvo Magazine . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Kristy Archibald. "6 Fashion Trends That Were Born in Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Nuvo Magazine . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Kristy Archibald. "6 Fashion Trends That Were Born in Canada" (https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/ecommerce/fashion/canada) . Nuvo Magazine . Retrieved 2023-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Jeremy Klaszus (4 January 2016). "The White Hat: A Calgary symbol we love to hate" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/white-hat-calgary-symbol-love-hate-1.3368423) . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 2023-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Tuque" (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/tuque) . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2023-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Aleesha Harris. "Equestrian style: The enduring allure of the 'horse girl' esthetic" (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/equestrian-style-the-enduring-allure-of-the-horse-girl-esthetic) . Vancouver Sun . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) Aleesha Harris. "Style Q&A: A brand for the 'horse girl in all of us' (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/style-qa-a-brand-for-the-horse-girl-in-all-of-us) " (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/style-qa-a-brand-for-the-horse-girl-in-all-of-us) . Vancouver Sun . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Aleesha Harris. "Fall fashion: 10 top trends to shop from Canadian brands" (https://vancouversun.com/life/fashion-beauty/fall-fashion-10-top-trends-to-shop-from-canadian-brands) . Vancouver Sun . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Uniform Regulations for the RCMP" (https://www.rcmpolice.ca/dressregs.html) . RCMPolice.ca (unofficial blog) . Retrieved 2023-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Boulton, James J. (2000). Head-dress of the Canadian Mounted Police, 1873–2000 . Calgary: Bunker to Bunker Pub. pp. 89–96. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1894255070 . ^ (#cite_ref-ref7_53-0) e-Veritas, July 24, 2016, Headdress of the Royal Military College of Canada: A brief history by 8057 Ross McKenzie, former Curator RMC Museum (http://everitas.rmcclub.ca/?p=154491) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160813223155/http://everitas.rmcclub.ca/?p=154491) 2016-08-13 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Canadian Guiding Uniform History" (https://guidehistory.wordpress.com/canadian-guiding-uniform-history/) . GIRL GUIDE HISTORY TIDBITS . Retrieved 2024-01-04 . 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Application of circular economy to the fashion industry Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Clothing_and_the_environment) on Clothing and the environment Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Key issues Cotton industry (/wiki/Cotton_industry) Ecological footprint (/wiki/Ecological_footprint) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) Fur trade (/wiki/Fur_trade) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Impact investing (/wiki/Impact_investing) Microplastics (/wiki/Microplastics) Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) By type Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool#Criticism_of_industry) Fur farming (/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_fur_farming) Leather (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_leather) Sustainability Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Biodegradable athletic footwear (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) Circular fashion Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Cotton recycling (/wiki/Cotton_recycling) Environmental design (/wiki/Environmental_design) Environmental impact design (/wiki/Environmental_impact_design) Green textile (/wiki/Green_textile) Public interest design (/wiki/Public_interest_design) Organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Socially responsible investing (/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing) Sustainable (/wiki/Sustainability) Advertising (/wiki/Sustainable_advertising) Design (/wiki/Sustainable_design) Fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Industries (/wiki/Sustainable_industries) Market (/wiki/Sustainable_market) Procurement (/wiki/Sustainable_procurement) Transport (/wiki/Sustainable_transport) Textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Sustainability of vintage fashion (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) Related Business ethics (/wiki/Business_ethics) Green marketing (/wiki/Green_marketing) RiverBlue (/wiki/RiverBlue) The True Cost (/wiki/The_True_Cost) Environmental record of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.#Environmental_record) Ecological design (/wiki/Ecological_design) Laundry wastewater (/wiki/Laundry_wastewater) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Environment portal (/wiki/Portal:Environment) v t e Circular fashion is an application of circular economy (/wiki/Circular_economy) to the fashion industry, where the life cycles of fashion products are extended. The aim is to create a closed-loop system where clothing items are designed, produced, used, and then recycled or repurposed in a way that minimizes waste and reduces the environmental impact of the fashion industry. It involves moving away from the traditional linear model of take-make-use-and-dispose towards a circular model of reduce-reuse-recycle-and-regenerate. This model not only helps in reducing environmental impact but also promotes economic growth through innovative business models and sustainable practices. According to the definition of The European Parliament (/wiki/European_Parliament) , this involves "sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible." [1] (#cite_note-1) As suggested by The European Commission report, circular fashion encompasses a range of practices and strategies such as designing clothes for longevity, using sustainable materials, implementing recycling programs, and promoting secondhand markets. It also involves reducing the environmental impact of the production process by using sustainable energy sources and reducing the use of chemicals and water. Garments used in circular fashion are designed for longevity and durability with eco-friendly materials to encourage longer lifespans and methods that minimize waste and environmental impact. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Pioneering work and terminology on circular fashion, reached the mainstream through a 2017 report by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (/wiki/Ellen_MacArthur_Foundation) titled "A New Textile Economy: Redesigning Fashion's Future". [3] (#cite_note-3) So far, the EU has been the main proponent for developing frameworks around circular fashion on a policy level, such as the Circular Economy Action Plan , part of the European Commission's "EU strategy for sustainable and circular textiles," launched in March 2022. [4] (#cite_note-4) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) European Parliament (22 February 2023). "Circular economy: definition, importance and benefits" (https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/economy/20151201STO05603/circular-economy-definition-importance-and-benefits) . European Parliament: Economy . ^ Jump up to: a b European Commission. "EU strategy for sustainable and circular textiles" (https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/textiles-strategy_en) . Retrieved March 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ellen MacArthur Foundation. "Redesigning the future of fashion" (https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/topics/fashion/overview) . EllenMacArthurFoundation . ^ (#cite_ref-4) European Union (March 30, 2022). " (https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/en/news-and-events/all-events/eu-textiles-strategy-motion-what-does-it-mean-future-sector) "The EU Textiles Strategy in Motion - What does it mean for the future of this sector?" (https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/en/news-and-events/all-events/eu-textiles-strategy-motion-what-does-it-mean-future-sector) " (https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/en/news-and-events/all-events/eu-textiles-strategy-motion-what-does-it-mean-future-sector) . Further reading [ edit ] Can clothes ever be fully recycled? (https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230227-how-to-recycle-your-clothes) ; BBC v t e Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles Index of fashion articles (/wiki/Index_of_fashion_articles) General Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion matrix (/wiki/Fashion_matrix) Fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) Fashion plate (/wiki/Fashion_plate) Fashion tourism (/wiki/Fashion_tourism) Semiotics of fashion (/wiki/Semiotics_of_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of Western fashion (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Timeline of clothing and textiles technology (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) 19th century (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) 21st century 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(/wiki/Alternative_fashion) Androgyny (/wiki/Androgyny_in_fashion) Bohemian (/wiki/Bohemian_style) Emo (/wiki/Emo) Fetish (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) Gothic (/wiki/Gothic_fashion) Lolita (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) Queer (/wiki/Queer_fashion) Skinhead (/wiki/Skinhead) Steampunk (/wiki/Steampunk_fashion) Thrift store chic (/wiki/Thrift_store_chic) Rocker (/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)) Greaser (/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)) Glam (/wiki/Glam_rock) Grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) Heavy metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion) Punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) Skate (/wiki/Skate_punk) Rockabilly (/wiki/Rockabilly) By country American fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States) Canadian fashion (/wiki/Canadian_fashion) Chinese fashion (/wiki/Chinese_fashion) Filipino fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Philippines) French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) German fashion (/wiki/German_fashion) Indian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_India) Iranian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran) Israeli fashion (/wiki/Israeli_fashion) Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Japanese fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria) Russian fashion (/wiki/Russian_fashion) South Korean fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) Swedish fashion (/wiki/Swedish_fashion) Thai fashion (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Fashion activism (/wiki/Fashion_activism) Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement) Circular fashion Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) See also Ballet and fashion (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion) Capsule wardrobe (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) Chinoiserie in fashion (/wiki/Chinoiserie_in_fashion) Dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Music and fashion (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) Fashion victim (/wiki/Fashion_victim) Fashion portal 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circular_fashion&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐5ntj6 Cached time: 20240712170100 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.374 seconds Real time usage: 0.523 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 684/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 50800/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 924/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36960/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.250/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4399397/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 449.309 1 -total 30.76% 138.188 1 Template:Clothing_and_the_environment 29.15% 130.953 1 Template:Short_description 25.58% 114.939 1 Template:Reflist 22.04% 99.012 4 Template:Cite_web 13.75% 61.775 3 Template:Main_other 13.08% 58.765 1 Template:SDcat 11.35% 51.016 2 Template:Pagetype 9.57% 43.013 1 Template:Fashion 8.84% 39.741 3 Template:Navbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73168113-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712170100 and revision id 1221585447. 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Zimbabwean fashion designer Robert Mugabe Jr Born ( 1992-04-02 ) 2 April 1992 (age 32) [1] (#cite_note-eurobasket.com-1) Nationality Zimbabwean Occupation(s) Basketball player, fashion label owner, political campaigner Political party ZANU-PF (/wiki/ZANU-PF) Parent(s) Robert Mugabe (/wiki/Robert_Mugabe) , Grace Mugabe (/wiki/Grace_Mugabe) Family Bona Mugabe (/wiki/Bona_Mugabe) (sister) Robert Tinotenda Mugabe Jr (born 2 April 1992) is a Zimbabwean basketball player, fashion label owner, political campaigner, and the son of Robert Mugabe (/wiki/Robert_Mugabe) and Grace Mugabe (/wiki/Grace_Mugabe) . Early life and education [ edit ] Mugabe was born on 2 April 1992 as Robert Tinotenda Mugabe Jr [2] (#cite_note-2) to Zimbabwe president (/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe) Robert Mugabe (/wiki/Robert_Mugabe) and First Lady (/wiki/First_Lady_of_Zimbabwe) Grace Mugabe (/wiki/Grace_Mugabe) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) He studied in the United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Career and politics [ edit ] At the age of 25, Mugabe played for the Zimbabwe men's national basketball team (/wiki/Zimbabwe_men%27s_national_basketball_team) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) He was previously part of the nation's under-18 team. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Robert Mugabe, with his brother Chatunga, launched the xGx clothing label in Johannesburg (/wiki/Johannesburg) , in December 2017. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The brothers had previously launched Trip Life music-entertainment company. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Mugabe is also a brand ambassador (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) for SVG fashion brand. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2022, Mugabe was a member of Emmerson Mnangagwa's (/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa) political campaign team. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) He is a member of ZANU-PF (/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF) political party. [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] In May 2022, Mugabe was admitted to a Singapore hospital after a lung collapse from pneumothorax (/wiki/Pneumothorax) . [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) In September the same year, he was injured after crashing his Range Rover (/wiki/Range_Rover) vehicle in the Eastern Highlands (/wiki/Eastern_Highlands) . [9] (#cite_note-9) In February 2023, Mugabe was arrested, facing allegations of property damage and assault of a police officer. [10] (#cite_note-10) The prosecution was paused soon after a court appearance in Harare (/wiki/Harare) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Mugabe is noted for his lavish lifestyle. [12] (#cite_note-12) At times, he has lived in South Africa. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) See also [ edit ] Mugabe family (/wiki/Mugabe_family) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-eurobasket.com_1-0) "Tinotenda Mugabe basketball player profile" (https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Tinotenda_Mugabe/370228) . eurobasket.com . Retrieved 5 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Chabvuta, Tendai (2022-04-02). "The Rise of the UNDERTAKER – Robert Mugabe Jnr. strays onto the political stage" (https://nehandaradio.com/2022/04/02/the-rise-of-the-undertaker-robert-mugabe-jnr-strays-onto-the-political-stage/) . Nehanda Radio . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Mugabe's fashion designer son Robert jnr says his mom Grace inspires him - report" (https://www.news24.com/news24/mugabes-fashion-designer-son-robert-jnr-says-his-mom-grace-inspires-him-report-20180226) . News24 (/wiki/News24_(website)) . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Robert Mugabe Jr à l'Afrobasket 2015" (https://www.bbc.com/afrique/sports/2015/08/150824_mugabe) . BBC News Afrique (in French). 2015-08-25 . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Mugabe sons unveil clothing brand" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180110100557/https://www.newzimbabwe.com/showbiz-40535-Mugabe+sons+unveil+clothing+brand/showbiz.aspx) . 2018-01-10. Archived from the original (https://www.newzimbabwe.com/showbiz-40535-Mugabe+sons+unveil+clothing+brand/showbiz.aspx) on 2018-01-10 . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Mavhimira, Bridget Wadzanai. "SVG plots fashion scene takeover" (https://www.newsday.co.zw/theindependent/standard-style/article/200006173/svg-plots-fashion-scene-takeover) . The Zimbabwe Independent (/wiki/The_Zimbabwe_Independent) . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ndoro, Nyashadzashe (2022-05-16). "Robert Mugabe Jnr admitted at Singapore hospital over lung collapse" (https://nehandaradio.com/2022/05/16/robert-mugabe-jnr-admitted-at-singapore-hospital-over-lung-collapse/) . Nehanda Radio . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "I am a son of Zanu PF: Robert Mugabe Jnr" (https://www.herald.co.zw/i-am-a-son-of-zanu-pf-robert-mugabe-jnr/) . The Herald . 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Robert Mugabe junior in accident" (https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-223035.html) . Bulawayo24 News . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Robert Mugabe's son arrested in Zimbabwe over cars trashed at Harare party" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64705238) . BBC News . 2023-02-20 . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Prosecutors hold off charging Mugabe Jr over damage to property \| eNCA" (https://www.enca.com/news/damage-property-charges-against-robert-mugabe-jr-dropped) . ENCA (/wiki/ENCA) . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Chingono, Nyasha; Burke, Jason (2023-02-20). "Robert Mugabe's son charged in Zimbabwe for damaging cars at party" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/20/robert-mugabes-son-charged-in-zimbabwe-for-damaging-cars-at-party) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) McGoogan, Cara (2018-07-13). "Who are Robert Mugabe's indulged children?" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/parenting/robert-mugabes-indulged-children/) . The Telegraph . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Kehidupan mewah anak-anak Mugabe, mobil dan jam-jam mahal, di tengah kemiskinan rakyat Zimbabwe" (https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/trensosial-42080148) . BBC News Indonesia (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2023-03-05 . Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Basketball (/wiki/Portal:Basketball) Politics (/wiki/Portal:Politics) Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e Robert Mugabe (/wiki/Robert_Mugabe) 1st Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe) (1980–1987) 2nd President of Zimbabwe (/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe) (1987–2017) Revolutionary activity Rhodesian Bush War (/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War) Zimbabwe African National Union (/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union) Patriotic Front (/wiki/Patriotic_Front_(Zimbabwe)) Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union_%E2%80%93_Patriotic_Front) Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army) Geneva Conference (1976) (/wiki/Geneva_Conference_(1976)) Lancaster House Agreement (1979) (/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement) Premiership & presidency Black supremacy (/wiki/Black_supremacy) Entumbane I (/wiki/1980_Entumbane_clashes) Entumbane II (/wiki/1981_Entumbane_uprising) Gukurahundi (/wiki/Gukurahundi) Second Congo War (/wiki/Second_Congo_War) Land reform (/wiki/Land_reform_in_Zimbabwe) Hyperinflation (/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Zimbabwe) Operation Murambatsvina (/wiki/Operation_Murambatsvina) Operation Mavhoterapapi (/wiki/Operation_Mavhoterapapi) Operation Dzikisai Madhishi (/wiki/Operation_Dzikisai_Madhishi) Joint Operations Command (/wiki/Joint_Operations_Command_(Zimbabwe)) LGBT persecution (/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Zimbabwe) 2008–09 political negotiations (/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Zimbabwean_political_negotiations) 2009 Government of National Unity (/wiki/Zimbabwe_Government_of_National_Unity_of_2009) 2017 coup d'état and resignation (/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat) Elections As Prime Minister ( 1980 (/wiki/1980_Southern_Rhodesian_general_election) 1985 (/wiki/1985_Zimbabwean_parliamentary_election) ) As President ( 1990 (/wiki/1990_Zimbabwean_general_election) 1996 (/wiki/1996_Zimbabwean_presidential_election) 2002 (/wiki/2002_Zimbabwean_presidential_election) 2008 (/wiki/2008_Zimbabwean_general_election) 2013 (/wiki/2013_Zimbabwean_general_election) ) Popular culture Mugabe and the White African (/wiki/Mugabe_and_the_White_African) Mugabe's Zimbabwe (/wiki/Mugabe%27s_Zimbabwe) Family (/wiki/Mugabe_family) Sally Mugabe (/wiki/Sally_Mugabe) (first wife) Grace Mugabe (/wiki/Grace_Mugabe) (second wife) Robert Mugabe Jr (/wiki/Robert_Mugabe_Jr) (son) Bona Mugabe (/wiki/Bona_Mugabe) (daughter) Sabina Mugabe (/wiki/Sabina_Mugabe) (sister) Tony Gara (/wiki/Tony_Gara) (cousin) Patrick Zhuwao (/wiki/Patrick_Zhuwao) (nephew) Residences Zimbabwe House (/wiki/Zimbabwe_House,_Harare) State House, Harare (/wiki/State_House_(Zimbabwe)) State House, Bulawayo (/wiki/State_House_(Bulawayo)) Blue Roof (/wiki/Blue_Roof) Related Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport (/wiki/Robert_Gabriel_Mugabe_International_Airport) Statue of Robert Mugabe (/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Mugabe) ← Canaan Banana (/wiki/Canaan_Banana) Emmerson Mnangagwa → (/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa) Category (/wiki/Category:Robert_Mugabe) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐ghzsj Cached time: 20240716040345 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.484 seconds Real time usage: 0.679 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2243/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 45371/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1750/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 64088/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.331/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7065111/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 632.731 1 -total 33.33% 210.859 1 Template:Reflist 27.16% 171.865 10 Template:Cite_web 24.82% 157.063 1 Template:Infobox_person 18.14% 114.746 1 Template:Robert_Mugabe 17.78% 112.477 1 Template:Navbox 11.39% 72.053 1 Template:Short_description 8.77% 55.467 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.50% 53.769 1 Template:Portal_bar 7.43% 47.013 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73210414-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716040345 and revision id 1221138074. 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) for suggestions. ( April 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is written like a research paper or scientific journal (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_manual,_guidebook,_textbook,_or_scientific_journal) . 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Find sources: "Environmental sustainability of vintage fashion" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Environmental+sustainability+of+vintage+fashion%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Environmental+sustainability+of+vintage+fashion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Environmental+sustainability+of+vintage+fashion%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Environmental+sustainability+of+vintage+fashion%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Environmental+sustainability+of+vintage+fashion%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Environmental+sustainability+of+vintage+fashion%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Vintage clothing shop in Michigan (/wiki/Michigan) Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Clothing_and_the_environment) on Clothing and the environment Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Key issues Cotton industry (/wiki/Cotton_industry) Ecological footprint (/wiki/Ecological_footprint) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) Fur trade (/wiki/Fur_trade) Global trade of secondhand clothing (/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing) Impact investing (/wiki/Impact_investing) Microplastics (/wiki/Microplastics) Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) By type Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool#Criticism_of_industry) Fur farming (/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_fur_farming) Leather (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_leather) Sustainability Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Biodegradable athletic footwear (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Cotton recycling (/wiki/Cotton_recycling) Environmental design (/wiki/Environmental_design) Environmental impact design (/wiki/Environmental_impact_design) Green textile (/wiki/Green_textile) Public interest design (/wiki/Public_interest_design) Organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Socially responsible investing (/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing) Sustainable (/wiki/Sustainability) Advertising (/wiki/Sustainable_advertising) Design (/wiki/Sustainable_design) Fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Industries (/wiki/Sustainable_industries) Market (/wiki/Sustainable_market) Procurement (/wiki/Sustainable_procurement) Transport (/wiki/Sustainable_transport) Textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Sustainability of vintage fashion Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) Related Business ethics (/wiki/Business_ethics) Green marketing (/wiki/Green_marketing) RiverBlue (/wiki/RiverBlue) The True Cost (/wiki/The_True_Cost) Environmental record of Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.#Environmental_record) Ecological design (/wiki/Ecological_design) Laundry wastewater (/wiki/Laundry_wastewater) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Environment portal (/wiki/Portal:Environment) v t e Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) , or "Vintage", is a colloquialism (/wiki/Colloquialism) commonly used to refer to all old styles of clothing. A widely accepted industry standard is that items made between 20 and 100 years ago can be considered "vintage" if they clearly reflect the styles and trends of the era they represent. [1] (#cite_note-1) In recent years, the popularity of vintage clothing has grown, as consumers seek unique and sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) options. [2] (#cite_note-:8-2) The rise in popularity of vintage fashion bas been viewed as a reaction to the negative impact and publicity associated with fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) . Fast fashion refers to inexpensive clothing produced rapidly by mass-market retailers in response to the latest trends. It involves a business model where companies create and sell their own products through vertically integrated production methods, allowing for a quick response to consumer demand (/wiki/Consumer_demand) . [3] (#cite_note-3) However, consumers tend to dispose of fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) products quickly, leading to environmental concerns (/wiki/Environmental_concerns) . The fast fashion industry had an estimated worth of around $91 billion in 2021 [4] (#cite_note-4) and produces approximately 1 billion garments (/wiki/Garments) yearly. Despite its profitability, this industry relies on rapid production to capitalize on new trends and has a significant environmental impact. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The fast fashion industry emits approximately 1.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide (/wiki/Carbon_dioxide) annually, which accounts for 5% of all global emissions. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Vintage clothing offers a solution to the issues posed by fast fashion, allowing individuals to express their style while also preventing clothing waste. [6] (#cite_note-6) Recently, the trend towards vintage clothing has grown, with more consumers adopting new attitudes toward second hand products, reflecting a growing interest in sustainability (/wiki/Sustainability) . [2] (#cite_note-:8-2) The increased media coverage of environmental issues has also influenced consumers to make more conscious decisions when purchasing fashion items. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Benefits of Vintage Clothing [ edit ] Reduction of textile waste [ edit ] Purchasing vintage clothing is a way to avoid increasing the negative impacts of fast fashion, since by recycling previously used clothes no new production is needed. One of the main benefits of vintage clothing is the reduction of textile (/wiki/Textile) waste. The fashion industry is a major contributor to textile waste, with millions of tons of clothing ending up in landfills (/wiki/Landfill) every year. The United States alone generates a considerable amount of textile waste each year, estimated to be around 34 billion pounds. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Almost three-quarters of this waste is sent to landfills where many textiles are unable to decompose for years. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) By using existing clothing instead of producing new clothing, vintage clothing offers an alternative to discarding clothing and extends the life of existing clothing. Reduction of carbon footprint [ edit ] Vintage items are often better able to be reused as they have typically been produced using higher manufacturing standards, making them longer-lasting compared to fast-fashion garments. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The reduction in the volume of textile waste being sent to landfills also has a positive carbon impact, as clothes in landfill can contribute to greenhouse gases that affect climate change. [9] (#cite_note-9) The fashion industry is responsible for 10% of the world's carbon emissions, exceeding the combined emissions of international flights (/wiki/International_flight) and maritime shipping (/wiki/Maritime_shipping) . [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) If this trend continues, greenhouse gas emissions (/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions) from the fashion industry will surge by more than 50% by 2030. In addition, about 500,000 tons of plastic microfibers (/wiki/Microfiber) , equivalent to 50 billion plastic bottles, are dumped into the ocean each year, posing a significant environmental risk as they cannot be removed from the water and can contaminate the food chain. [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) Moreover, the transportation of new clothing to landfills produces emissions that affect the carbon footprint of fashion. Conservation of resources [ edit ] Vintage fashion prevents energy and other resources from being used to create items of clothing. [11] (#cite_note-:3-11) The production of new clothing requires significant resources, such as water, energy, and raw materials. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme) (UNEP), the production of a single pair of jeans (/wiki/Jeans) necessitates approximately 3,781 litres of water and results in around 33.4 kilograms of carbon equivalent emissions. [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) Each year, the fashion industry utilizes 93 billion cubic meters of water, enough to satisfy the consumption requirements of five million individuals. Fabric dyeing and treatment account for roughly 20% of the world's wastewater (/wiki/Wastewater) . Unfortunately, 87% of the fibre input used for clothing ends up being either incinerated or disposed of in landfills. [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) Due to the fact that vintage clothing already exists, no additional resources need to be used that will affect the environment. Vintage clothing conserves these resources by using existing clothing instead of producing new clothing. Growth of vintage fashion [ edit ] The increasing demand for vintage clothing reflects a shift in consumer attitudes towards more thoughtful and distinctive purchases, as opposed to mass-produced products. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) The vintage fashion market is experiencing significant growth, particularly among younger generations who are increasingly aware of social and environmental issues. This demographic is turning away from the fast fashion industry, which is viewed as unsustainable and has led to a loss of individuality. Instead, there is a growing demand for unique and personal items that allow buyers to express their individuality and push back against the disruptive changes seen in many economies. [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) The vintage resale market has been growing at an impressive rate, 21 times faster than traditional apparel retail over the past three years. The market for clothing resale is expected to reach a value of $51 billion in 2023, according to recent reports. The number of women shopping for vintage items has also increased rapidly, from 44 million in 2017 to 56 million in 2018. [12] (#cite_note-:4-12) Challenges [ edit ] Transportation and shipping [ edit ] Vintage clothing is often sourced from other countries and transported to new markets, which can contribute to transportation emissions and increase the carbon footprint. The production and transportation of clothing involve the consumption of resources and energy, and the transportation of vintage clothing across borders can result in a significant carbon footprint. Shipping vintage clothing from countries where it is sourced to new markets where it is sold often involves the use of ships and trucks, which emit greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Approximately 90% of the world's trade is carried out by ships, which transport nearly 11 billion tons of commodities annually. [13] (#cite_note-:6-13) Approximately 2.5% of the world's overall carbon emission is caused by shipping and according to a 2015 study by the European Parliament (/wiki/European_Parliament) , it could increase to as much as 17% by 2050. [13] (#cite_note-:6-13) The demand for vintage clothing has increased in recent years, leading to an increase in transportation emissions associated with the industry. Quality control and safety [ edit ] Vintage clothing may not meet current safety standards and may contain hazardous materials such as lead (/wiki/Lead) or asbestos (/wiki/Asbestos) . Quality control is essential to ensure that vintage clothing is safe and of good quality. When shopping for vintage clothing, one must consider safety and quality control as they may not meet current safety standards and could potentially contain hazardous materials like lead or asbestos. [14] (#cite_note-:7-14) Antiquities (/wiki/Antiquities) can also pose a risk, as they may contain asbestos, a dangerous substance that was commonly used in products such as Bakelite (/wiki/Bakelite) , a synthetic plastic (/wiki/Synthetic_plastic) invented in 1907 (/wiki/1907) . Bakelite products can contain up to 5% of brown asbestos (/wiki/Brown_asbestos) , which makes them potentially harmful, and products such as cameras, toys, radios, jewellery, door handles, and even toilet seats and cisterns (/wiki/Cistern) could all contain asbestos. [14] (#cite_note-:7-14) Although products containing asbestos may be a low risk when in good condition, any damage could release asbestos dust and fibres into the air. Certain vintage beauty products, such as talcum powder (/wiki/Talcum_powder) , may have been contaminated with asbestos as well. As such, when antiquing and vintage shopping, it's vital to be cautious and aware of the potential dangers associated with vintage products. Accessibility and affordability [ edit ] The growing trend of thrift shopping among affluent consumers as an alternative to purchasing from ethical and sustainable fashion brands is limiting the clothing options available to low-income communities. [15] (#cite_note-15) However, some people are taking advantage of the accessibility, affordability, and sustainability of thrift stores, particularly on platforms like Depop (/wiki/Depop) . [16] (#cite_note-16) It is now common to see teenagers buying clothing from thrift stores and then reselling the same items at inflated prices on apps like Depop, Poshmark (/wiki/Poshmark) , or Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . This overconsumption (/wiki/Overconsumption_(economics)) and gentrification (/wiki/Gentrification) of thrifting have been triggered by influencer culture. Thrift stores (/wiki/Thrift_stores) , which are intended to benefit low-income communities, have faced criticism for raising the prices of second hand clothing in recent years. Although online resellers are often blamed, thrift stores are often raising prices to cater to wealthier shoppers. The problem is not with the supply of donated goods, but rather the growing demand for thrifted items, which is making it difficult for low-income individuals to access affordable clothing. Demand for fast fashion [ edit ] The demand for fast fashion poses a challenge for vintage fashion and sustainable fashion in general. Fast fashion aims to give consumers access to the latest fashion trends quickly at affordable prices. The global fast fashion market is rapidly growing, with the market size expected to increase from $106.42 billion in 2022 to $122.98 billion in 2023 at a CAGR (/wiki/CAGR) of 15.6%, and to $184.96 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 10.7%. [17] (#cite_note-:9-17) This growth can be attributed to the increasing adoption of affordable clothing by the rising youth population. According to the United Nations (/wiki/United_Nations) , the global youth population is expected to grow from 1.2 billion in 2019 to 1.3 billion by 2030, which presents a significant market opportunity for apparel manufacturing companies. [17] (#cite_note-:9-17) These companies are focused on delivering unique, trendy, and affordable clothes inspired by the latest fashion trends, which have been particularly attractive to the youth demographic (/wiki/Demographic) . This trend has propelled the growth of the fast fashion market that competes against sustainable fashion. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "What's the Difference Between Vintage and Retro Clothing?" (https://www.vestiairecollective.com/journal/vestiaire-asks-what-s-the-difference-between-vintage-and-retro-clothing/) . Vestiaire . 2021 . Retrieved 23 August 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jacobs, Bel. "Why buying vintage clothes is 'the new luxury' (https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20201113-why-gen-z-and-millennials-go-wild-for-vintage-clothes) " (https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20201113-why-gen-z-and-millennials-go-wild-for-vintage-clothes) . www.bbc.com . Retrieved 2023-08-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Stanton, Audrey (2023-01-02). "What Is Fast Fashion, Anyway?" (https://www.thegoodtrade.com/features/what-is-fast-fashion/) . The Good Trade . Retrieved 2023-04-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Smith, P. (28 March 2023). "Fast fashion market value forecast worldwide 2021-2026" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/1008241/fast-fashion-market-value-forecast-worldwide/) . Statista . Retrieved 2023-04-15 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Quinn, Emma (6 April 2020). "The Environmental Benefits of Vintage Shopping" (https://americanmadness.co.uk/blogs/american-madness-blog/the-environmental-benefits-of-vintage-shopping) . American Madness . Retrieved 2023-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Moorhouse, Debbie (2020-07-24). "Making Fashion Sustainable: Waste and Collective Responsibility" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380204) . One Earth . 3 (1): 17–19. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2020OEart...3...17M (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020OEart...3...17M) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.002 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.oneear.2020.07.002) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2590-3322 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2590-3322) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 7380204 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380204) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 34173525 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34173525) . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_7-0) Cassidy, Tracy Diane; Bennett, Hannah Rose (November 2012). "The Rise of Vintage Fashion and the Vintage Consumer" (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2752/175693812X13403765252424) . Fashion Practice . 4 (2): 239–261. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/175693812X13403765252424 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175693812X13403765252424) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1756-9370 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1756-9370) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 191476692 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191476692) . ^ Jump up to: a b Lundburg, Dielle; Devoy, Julia (22 September 2022). "The Aftermath of Fast Fashion: How Discarded Clothes Impact Public Health and the Environment \| SPH" (https://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2022/the-aftermath-of-fast-fashion-how-discarded-clothes-impact-public-health-and-the-environment/) . BU School of Public Health . Retrieved 2023-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Copyright © 2023. "Why Recycle My Clothes?" (https://www.planetaid.org/whyrecyclemyclothes) . Planet Aid, Inc . Retrieved 2023-03-08 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d "How Much Do Our Wardrobes Cost to the Environment?" (https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/09/23/costo-moda-medio-ambiente) . World Bank . 23 September 2019 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-:3_11-0) "Reasons Why Vintage Clothing Is Good For The Planet (And Your Wardrobe)" (https://vintagesuperstorecornwall.com/blogs/reasons-why-vintage-clothing-is-good-for-the-planet/reasons-why-vintage-clothing-is-good-for-the-planet-and-your-wardrobe) . VintageSuperstoreCornwall . 3 January 2023 . Retrieved 2023-03-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b Vanicore, Ludovica (2019). "Vintage fashion: an example of circular economy as a sustainable alternative to the fast fashion" (http://tesi.luiss.it/26218/1/215591_VANICORE_LUDOVICA.pdf) (PDF) . LUISS Guido Carli : 1–54. ^ Jump up to: a b "Why And How To Map Your Supply Chain" (http://www.commonobjective.co/article/why-and-how-to-map-your-supply-chain) . Common Objective . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ Jump up to: a b Seavor, Jennifer (2018-11-08). "The risks of asbestos exposure from vintage products – and beyond" (https://www.rwkgoodman.com/info-hub/the-risks-of-asbestos-exposure-from-vintage-products-and-beyond/) . RWK Goodman . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Meza, Ashley (24 September 2021). "The Thrifting Trend and the Negative Effects on Low-Income Communities – The Pacific Index" (https://pacindex.com/news/2021/05/07/the-thrifting-trend-and-the-negative-effects-on-low-income-communities/) . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Thomas, Izzy. "Thrifting, sustainable and accessible fashion, under threat" (https://thewolfpacket.org/6610/opinions/thrifting-sustainable-and-accessible-fashion-under-threat/) . The Wolfpacket . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fast Fashion Market Size, Trends and Global Forecast To 2032" (https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/fast-fashion-global-market-report) . www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com . 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Fashion garnent American rapper Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) wore a couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fuchsia Versace (/wiki/Versace) suit with a pink harness to the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/62nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) on January 26, 2020, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) during which he accepted his awards for Best Music Video (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Video) and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Duo/Group_Performance) for "Old Town Road (Remix)." (/wiki/Old_Town_Road) [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2022, Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) suggested that Lil Nas X was one of the earliest celebrity adopters of the monochromatic pink Barbiecore (/wiki/Barbiecore) trend. [3] (#cite_note-3) Some critics have suggested that this outfit was the beginning of Lil Nas X's style pivot to an embrace of queer fashion (/wiki/Queer_fashion) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Background and design [ edit ] Throughout 2019 and early 2020, Lil Nas X embraced a country-western aesthetic for his red carpet appearances and live shows. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Prior to the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards, Lil Nas X's stylist, Hodo Musa (/w/index.php?title=Hodo_Musa&action=edit&redlink=1) , told the Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) that this would be his final outfit that would reference this aesthetic. [6] (#cite_note-6) She selected Versace because she found their work with hip-hop artists in the 1990s to be inspiring. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Lil Nas X told CR Men that the outfit was "trying to deviate from the norm that most guys wear—suit, tie." [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) He liked that the outfit could be "a talking point" and saw it as an opportunity to "get more in tune with [his] flamboyant side." [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) The outfit consisted of a matching bright pink and gold-studded cropped leather jacket and high-waisted trousers. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The top underneath his jacket was black mesh [8] (#cite_note-8) and he also wore a bondage (/wiki/Bondage_(BDSM)) harness [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) which stylist Shannon Stokes noted was likely an allusion to the 1992 Versace dominatrix collection [9] (#cite_note-9) and which GQ compared to Donatella Versace's (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) bondage dress. [10] (#cite_note-10) He also wore a pink studded cowboy hat and boots, as well as silk scarves on his wrists. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) His clothes were patterned with the Versace Medusa (/wiki/Medusa) icon, and his jewelry was a mixture of Versace and John Hardy (/wiki/John_Hardy_(jewelry)) . [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Overall, the outfit took over 700 hours to complete. [11] (#cite_note-11) Reception [ edit ] The outfit was generally well received by critics. The Los Angeles Times said that Lil Nas X "electrified the celebrity walk." [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Paper Magazine called the look "undeniably fresh, totally him, and the kind of garment [they] want to stay talking about." Reception from outside the critical community also trended positive, [12] (#cite_note-12) with detractors primarily expressing homophobic sentiments as the reason they disliked the outfit. [13] (#cite_note-13) Bondage gear would become a menswear trend in high fashion in Autumn/Winter 2020. [14] (#cite_note-14) Lil Nas X's pink Versace suit has been ranked among his best outfits by numerous publications. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) LGBT portal (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) Queer fashion (/wiki/Queer_fashion) Satan Shoes (/wiki/Satan_Shoes) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Allaire, Christian (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X Brings Bright Pink Bondage to the Grammys Red Carpet" (https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/lil-nas-x-grammys-red-carpet-versace-cowboy-look) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315141305/https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/lil-nas-x-grammys-red-carpet-versace-cowboy-look) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) McIntyre, Hugh. "Grammys 2022: Lil Nas X Might Tie Michael Jackson And Kendrick Lamar With Another Win" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2022/02/27/grammys-2022-lil-nas-x-might-tie-michael-jackson-and-kendrick-lamar-with-another-win/) . Forbes . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2022/02/27/grammys-2022-lil-nas-x-might-tie-michael-jackson-and-kendrick-lamar-with-another-win/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Muhammad, Latifah (October 4, 2022). "Lil Nas X Breaks Barriers in Coach's 'Courage to Be Real' Campaign: Watch" (https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/lil-nas-x-coach-campaign-1235149527/) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.billboard.com/culture/product-recommendations/lil-nas-x-coach-campaign-1235149527/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Lil Nas X's Style Evolution Is Full Of Personal Growth & Also Sequins" (https://www.elitedaily.com/style/lil-nas-x-style-evolution) . Elite Daily . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.elitedaily.com/style/lil-nas-x-style-evolution) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Tran, Khanh T. L. (January 27, 2020). "2020 Grammys: Lil Nas X turns heads in a hot-pink Versace outfit on the red carpet" (https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-26/la-ig-grammys-lil-nas-x-versace-red-carpet) . Los Angeles Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315141318/https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-26/la-ig-grammys-lil-nas-x-versace-red-carpet) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Tran, Khanh T. L. (January 23, 2020). "The Grammys may be our last time to see Lil Nas X in full cowboy gear: His stylist clues us in" (https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-23/lil-nas-x-stylist-grammys-fashion) . Los Angeles Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153643/https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/story/2020-01-23/lil-nas-x-stylist-grammys-fashion) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Flanagan, Hanna (October 1, 2020). "Lil Nas X Gives an Update on His Dating Life: 'I'm Going to Try to Go Steady' (https://people.com/style/lil-nas-x-fronts-new-cr-men-cover/) " (https://people.com/style/lil-nas-x-fronts-new-cr-men-cover/) . People . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315161142/https://people.com/style/lil-nas-x-fronts-new-cr-men-cover/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gracie, Bianca (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X Is an Edgy Cowboy in Studded Hot Pink Outfit at 2020 Grammys: See Pic" (https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/lil-nas-x-2020-grammys-pink-outfit-photo-8549134/) . Billboard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315175637/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/lil-nas-x-2020-grammys-pink-outfit-photo-8549134/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Katz, Evan Ross (January 27, 2020). "Here's Who Didn't Bore Us on the Grammys Red Carpet" (https://www.papermag.com/grammys-red-carpet-wear-me-out-2644929510.html) . Paper Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315173724/https://www.papermag.com/grammys-red-carpet-wear-me-out-2644929510.html) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Maoui, Zak (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X, Diplo and Orville Peck channelled the best trend at the Grammys 2020" (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/grammys-2020-lil-nas-x-diplo-orville-peck-western-trend) . British GQ . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315175638/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/grammys-2020-lil-nas-x-diplo-orville-peck-western-trend) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Tracer, Dan (28 January 2020). "WATCH: Lil Nas X's pink leather harness look took 700 hours to make" (https://www.queerty.com/watch-lil-nas-xs-pink-leather-harness-look-took-700-hours-make-20200128) . Queerty . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315175642/https://www.queerty.com/watch-lil-nas-xs-pink-leather-harness-look-took-700-hours-make-20200128) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Parsons, Vic (January 27, 2020). "Lil Nas X wins big at the Grammys in all-pink Versace 'cowboy dominatrix' outfit" (https://www.thepinknews.com/2020/01/27/lil-nas-x-grammys-pink-versace-cowboy-dominatrix-tyler-the-creator/) . PinkNews . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315193852/https://www.thepinknews.com/2020/01/27/lil-nas-x-grammys-pink-versace-cowboy-dominatrix-tyler-the-creator/) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Sarkisian, Jacob. "Lil Nas X had the best response to a homophobic rant from rapper Pastor Troy" (https://www.insider.com/lil-nas-x-best-response-homophobic-rant-rapper-pastor-troy-2020-1) . Insider . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230424204317/https://www.insider.com/lil-nas-x-best-response-homophobic-rant-rapper-pastor-troy-2020-1) from the original on April 24, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Elan, Priya (January 27, 2020). "Back in the saddle: what the harness on the red carpet means" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/jan/27/back-in-the-saddle-what-the-harness-on-the-red-carpet-means) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230315195620/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/jan/27/back-in-the-saddle-what-the-harness-on-the-red-carpet-means) from the original on March 15, 2023 . Retrieved March 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Lil Nas X's Style Evolution Is a Masterclass in Bright and Bold Fashion" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1343068/lil-nas-xs-style-evolution-is-a-masterclass-in-bright-and-bold-fashion) . E! Online . 2022-08-26. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329134907/https://www.eonline.com/news/1343068/lil-nas-xs-style-evolution-is-a-masterclass-in-bright-and-bold-fashion) from the original on 2023-03-29 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Relive the Best Lil Nas X Looks, Including All of the Embellished Western Wear You Can Handle" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/g30288403/lil-nas-x-style/) . ELLE . 2022-08-28. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329134907/https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/g30288403/lil-nas-x-style/) from the original on 2023-03-29 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "BET Awards 2021: Lil Nas X's Best Style Moments" (https://www.bet.com/article/zaza7p/bet-awards-2021-rewind-lil-nas-x-s-best-looks) . BET . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329152922/https://www.bet.com/article/zaza7p/bet-awards-2021-rewind-lil-nas-x-s-best-looks) from the original on 2023-03-29 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . v t e Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) Discography (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X_discography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Lil_Nas_X) Studio albums Montero (/wiki/Montero_(album)) (2021) Extended plays 7 (/wiki/7_(Lil_Nas_X_EP)) (2019) Singles " Old Town Road (/wiki/Old_Town_Road) " " Panini (/wiki/Panini_(song)) " " Rodeo (/wiki/Rodeo_(Lil_Nas_X_and_Cardi_B_song)) " " Holiday (/wiki/Holiday_(Lil_Nas_X_song)) " " Montero (Call Me by Your Name) (/wiki/Montero_(Call_Me_by_Your_Name)) " " Sun Goes Down (/wiki/Sun_Goes_Down_(Lil_Nas_X_song)) " " Industry Baby (/wiki/Industry_Baby) " " Thats What I Want (/wiki/Thats_What_I_Want) " " Lost in the Citadel (/wiki/Lost_in_the_Citadel) " " Late to da Party (/wiki/Late_to_da_Party) " " Star Walkin' (/wiki/Star_Walkin%27) " " J Christ (/wiki/J_Christ) " Featured singles " He Knows (/wiki/He_Knows) " Other songs " F9mily (You & Me) (/wiki/F9mily_(You_%26_Me)) " " C7osure (You Like) (/wiki/C7osure_(You_Like)) " Tours Long Live Montero Tour (/wiki/Long_Live_Montero_Tour) Fashion Satan Shoes (/wiki/Satan_Shoes) Pink Versace suit and harness Film Lil Nas X: Long Live Montero (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X:_Long_Live_Montero) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐smnrr Cached time: 20240716063204 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.312 seconds Real time usage: 0.392 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1379/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51369/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1476/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 78221/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.214/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5409894/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 354.571 1 -total 47.50% 168.412 1 Template:Reflist 36.94% 130.994 14 Template:Cite_web 25.00% 88.635 1 Template:Lil_Nas_X 24.24% 85.962 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 18.07% 64.079 1 Template:Short_description 10.26% 36.378 2 Template:Pagetype 6.98% 24.760 1 Template:Portal 4.83% 17.123 3 Template:Main_other 4.30% 15.246 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:73298922-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716063204 and revision id 1224817282. 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Style of historical bobbin lace developed in Milan Fragment of Milanese bobbin lace, dating from the 17th century Milano, bobina di pizzo per balza da camice, in punto di milano, 1650-1700 ca. 02 Milanese bobbin lace is a textile used as a fashion accessory or a decorative trim, first becoming popular in the 17th and 18th centuries in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . Lacemaking was an important economic activity in Northern Italy, besides touching on social status matters as well as being a culturally significant art form. [1] (#cite_note-ThreadsOfPower-1) The earliest versions of the lace consisted of the tape (or braid) mostly filling the space. [2] (#cite_note-2) Typical characteristics of Milanese bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) are scrolls made with curving clothwork tapes and floral motifs, and sometimes also consisting of human or animal figures. [3] (#cite_note-3) Sometimes needle lace techniques were combined with the bobbin lace pieces to create the final product. [1] (#cite_note-ThreadsOfPower-1) The lace eventually was made in parts, and joined by bridges or filled in with mesh grounds between existing pattern motifs. [4] (#cite_note-Levey-4) Novel ornamental features such as small beads affixed for eyes are sometimes found, as well as folded tallies and wheatears that add dimension to figures or edges. [5] (#cite_note-Kurella1-5) Use of the lace in Ecclesiastical settings (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) such as altar cloths and vestments [6] (#cite_note-6) likely represented Church support of the regional lacemaking (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) . [4] (#cite_note-Levey-4) Examples of chalice cloths display the lace as edging, for example. [7] (#cite_note-7) Additionally, larger flounces (/wiki/Flounce_(fabric)) might relay Biblical tales such as the example of the Old Testament (/wiki/Old_Testament) story of Joseph (/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)) , with many human, animal, and even astronomical motifs. [8] (#cite_note-8) Fashion uses, such as collars and cuffs, have also been documented. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Commissions of lace by wealthy patrons for weddings or other notable occasions might include family coat-of-arms (/wiki/Coat-of-arms) displayed in the lace. [11] (#cite_note-11) After the early Milanese laces from Milan developed, using less refined linen threads, a tape or braid style lace also arose in Flanders in the 17th century. The Flemish lace had much similarity to the Italian version, but typically worked with finer flax thread. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the styles, and today they are considered to be under the Milanese name in a generic way. [12] (#cite_note-12) Lacemaking has continued through the centuries, adapting to later fashion styles and other influences. [13] (#cite_note-13) The original styles are said to have influenced the tape laces of eastern European styles such as Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) , Hungarian, and Slovak (/wiki/Idrija_lace) laces. [14] (#cite_note-14) Milanese lace continues to be made today with nods to historical tapes and other motifs but with new artistic formats such as the work of Louise Colgan [15] (#cite_note-15) and colorways reminiscent of watercolors by Sandi Woods (https://www.sandiwoods.com/) . Although there may be controversy over the use of color, patterns relying on thread color are available. [16] (#cite_note-16) Instructional pattern books make the recreation of the traditional laces possible for lacemakers today, as well as expanding the range into contemporary styles. [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Other textile artists also expand the fiber choices and colors with larger patterns and designs. [19] (#cite_note-19) Gallery [ edit ] 18th century Milanese lace depicting biblical story of Joseph Bobbin Lace (Bride Ground) Border 504.1915.c (detail) Bobbin Lace (Bride Ground) Border 504.1915.c Fragment of Milanese bobbin lace, dating from the 18th century Chalice Veil - Cleveland Museum of Art Wide edging lace, Italy, Milan, 17th century, HAA Insertion MET DP5481 49.32.19 Strip MET DP16313 09.68.197 Manifattura canturina, tovaglie da the, 1925-50 ca. 02 Giacomo Ceruti - Women Working on Pillow Lace (The Sewing School) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Hohti, Paula (2022). " "Monstrous Ruffs" and Elegant Trimmings: Lace and Lacemaking in Early Modern Italy". In Cormack, Emma; Majer, Michele (eds.). Threads of Power : Lace from the Textilmuseum St. Gallen (1 ed.). New York: Bard Graduate Center. pp. 70–73. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780300263497 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Corbet, Barbara (2017). Mailänder Spitze gestern und heute = Milanese lace : yesterday and today . Inh. Dagmar Jenkel e.K. Barbara Fay Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung. Gammelby. p. 8. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-925184-16-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 989775056 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/989775056) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Earnshaw, Pat (1982). A Dictionary of Lace . Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Bucks, UK: Shire Publications. p. 111. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780852636022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Levey, Santina M. (1983). Lace : A History . [London]. p. 34. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0901286154 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-Kurella1_5-0) Kurella, Elizabeth M. (1998). Guide to Lace and Linens . Dubuque, Iowa: Antique Trader Books. p. 173. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0930625894 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Museum, Victoria and Albert. "Alb Apparel \| V&A Explore The Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O318625/alb-apparel/) . Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Chalice Veil" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1923.994) . Cleveland Museum of Art . 31 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Bobbin Lace Flounce: Punto di Milano" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1923.997) . Cleveland Museum of Art . 30 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Anonymous (2018-10-31). "Bobbin Lace Collar" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1920.1277) . Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2023-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Anonymous (2018-10-31). "Bobbin Lace Cuff" (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1936.88) . Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2023-03-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bullock, Alice-May (1981). Lace and Lace Making . New York, N.Y.: Larousse. p. 135. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0883322617 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Corbet, Barbara (2017). Mailänder Spitze gestern und heute = Milanese lace : yesterday and today . Inh. Dagmar Jenkel e.K. Barbara Fay Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung. Gammelby. pp. 8–10. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-925184-16-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 989775056 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/989775056) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Earnshaw, Pat (1980). The Identification of Lace . Aylesbury, Eng.: Shire Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780852634844 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kurella, Elizabeth M. (2006). Guide to Lace and Linens . Dubuque, Iowa: Antique Trader Books. p. 172. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0930625897 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Colgan, Louise. "Colgan Lace Studio" (https://colganlacestudio.com/) . Colgan Lace Studio . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Read, Patricia (1994). New braid and designs in Milanese lace . Internet Archive. London : B.T. Batsford. pp. 110–130. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7134-7192-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Read, Patricia (2004). 50 Milanese lace patterns . London: Batsford. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0713489163 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Corbet, Barbara (2017). Mailänder Spitze Gestern und Heute = Milanese lace : Yesterday and Today . Gammelby. pp. 177–234. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3925184161 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Mirecki, Christine (2009). Mailänder Spitze modern interpretiert . C. Mirecki. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1258361284 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1258361284) . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han_silk_needlelace) Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6rgm4 Cached time: 20240720230525 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.379 seconds Real time usage: 0.491 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1213/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58036/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 688/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88624/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.247/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5072084/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milanese_bobbin_lace&oldid=1152278153 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milanese_bobbin_lace&oldid=1152278153) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lace (/wiki/Category:Lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Category:Bobbin_lace) Milan (/wiki/Category:Milan) Textiles (/wiki/Category:Textiles) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
Major fall 2023 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) were held in New York City (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , and Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) during January, February, and March 2023. Paris Fashion Week [ edit ] The Fall/Winter 2023 Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) was held between February 27 and March 7, 2023. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Additionally, Paris held two other fashion exhibitions in January. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) January 17–22 was an exhibition dedicated to men's fashion (/wiki/Men%27s_Fashion_Week) , and January 23–26 was dedicated to Spring/Summer 2023 haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Fall/Winter 2023 Men's Designers [ edit ] Tuesday 1/17 [ edit ] Kidill (/w/index.php?title=Kidill&action=edit&redlink=1) [4] (#cite_note-4) Wales Bonner (/wiki/Grace_Wales_Bonner) [5] (#cite_note-5) Valette Studio (/w/index.php?title=Valette_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1) [6] (#cite_note-6) Egonlab (/w/index.php?title=Egonlab&action=edit&redlink=1) [7] (#cite_note-7) Iregular (/w/index.php?title=Iregular&action=edit&redlink=1) [8] (#cite_note-8) Études (/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tudes_(Brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [9] (#cite_note-9) Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) [10] (#cite_note-10) Wednesday 1/18 [ edit ] Berluti (/wiki/Berluti) [11] (#cite_note-11) Bianca Saunders (/w/index.php?title=Bianca_Saunders&action=edit&redlink=1) [12] (#cite_note-12) Solid Homme (/w/index.php?title=Solid_Homme&action=edit&redlink=1) [13] (#cite_note-13) Acne Studios (/wiki/Acne_Studios) [14] (#cite_note-14) Lemaire (/w/index.php?title=Lemaire_(Brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [15] (#cite_note-15) Bluemarble (/w/index.php?title=Bluemarble&action=edit&redlink=1) [16] (#cite_note-16) Hed Mayner (/wiki/Hed_Mayner) [17] (#cite_note-17) Fursac (/w/index.php?title=Fursac_(Brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [18] (#cite_note-18) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) [19] (#cite_note-19) Liberal Youth Ministry (/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Youth_Ministry&action=edit&redlink=1) [20] (#cite_note-20) Feng Cheng Wang (/w/index.php?title=Feng_Cheng_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1) [21] (#cite_note-21) Walter Van Beirendonck (/wiki/Walter_Van_Beirendonck) [22] (#cite_note-22) Auralee (/w/index.php?title=Auralee_(Brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [23] (#cite_note-23) George Wendell (/w/index.php?title=George_Wendell&action=edit&redlink=1) [24] (#cite_note-24) Jeanne Friot (/w/index.php?title=Jeanne_Friot&action=edit&redlink=1) [25] (#cite_note-25) Louis-Gabriel Nouchi (/w/index.php?title=Louis-Gabriel_Nouchi&action=edit&redlink=1) [26] (#cite_note-26) Y/Project (/w/index.php?title=Y/Project&action=edit&redlink=1) [27] (#cite_note-27) Thursday 1/19 [ edit ] Rains (/w/index.php?title=Rains_(clothing_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [28] (#cite_note-28) Uniforme (/w/index.php?title=Uniforme&action=edit&redlink=1) [29] (#cite_note-29) Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) [30] (#cite_note-30) Facetasm (/w/index.php?title=Facetasm&action=edit&redlink=1) [31] (#cite_note-31) Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) [32] (#cite_note-32) Sean Suen (/w/index.php?title=Sean_Suen&action=edit&redlink=1) [33] (#cite_note-33) Isabel Marant (/wiki/Isabel_Marant) [34] (#cite_note-34) Airei (/w/index.php?title=Airei&action=edit&redlink=1) [35] (#cite_note-35) Sulvam (/w/index.php?title=Sulvam&action=edit&redlink=1) [36] (#cite_note-36) Amiri (/wiki/Mike_Amiri) [37] (#cite_note-37) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) [38] (#cite_note-38) Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) [39] (#cite_note-39) Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) [40] (#cite_note-40) Ami - Alexandre Mattiusi (/w/index.php?title=Ami_-_Alexandre_Mattiusi&action=edit&redlink=1) [41] (#cite_note-41) Objects IV Life (/w/index.php?title=Objects_IV_Life&action=edit&redlink=1) [42] (#cite_note-42) Friday 1/20 [ edit ] Junya Watanabe MAN (/w/index.php?title=Junya_Watanabe_Man&action=edit&redlink=1) [43] (#cite_note-43) Courréges (/wiki/Courreges) [44] (#cite_note-44) Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) [45] (#cite_note-45) Lukhanyo Mdingi (/w/index.php?title=Lukhanyo_Mdingi&action=edit&redlink=1) [46] (#cite_note-46) Paul Smith (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) [47] (#cite_note-47) Juun.J (/w/index.php?title=Juun.J&action=edit&redlink=1) [48] (#cite_note-48) Maison Mhara Yasuhiro (/w/index.php?title=Maison_Mhara_Yasuhiro&action=edit&redlink=1) [49] (#cite_note-49) Dior Homme (/wiki/Dior_Homme) [50] (#cite_note-50) Botter (/w/index.php?title=Botter_(Brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [51] (#cite_note-51) Comme Des Garçons Homme Plus (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) [52] (#cite_note-52) Songzio (/wiki/Songzio) [53] (#cite_note-53) Steven Passaro (/w/index.php?title=Steven_Passaro&action=edit&redlink=1) [54] (#cite_note-54) Officine Générale (/w/index.php?title=Officine_Generale&action=edit&redlink=1) [55] (#cite_note-55) Vuarnet (/wiki/Vuarnet) [56] (#cite_note-56) Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) [57] (#cite_note-57) Members of the Rage (/wiki/Kid_Cudi#MOTR) [58] (#cite_note-58) Chaz A. Jordan (/w/index.php?title=Chaz_A._Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1) [59] (#cite_note-59) Saturday 1/21 [ edit ] Undercover (/w/index.php?title=Undercover_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [60] (#cite_note-60) Namesake (/w/index.php?title=Namesake_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [61] (#cite_note-61) Sankuanz (/w/index.php?title=Sankuanz&action=edit&redlink=1) Lowe (/wiki/Loewe_(fashion_brand)) [62] (#cite_note-62) Ziggy Chen (/w/index.php?title=Ziggy_Chen&action=edit&redlink=1) [63] (#cite_note-63) Kolor (/wiki/Kolor) [64] (#cite_note-64) Hermés (/wiki/Hermes) [65] (#cite_note-65) White Mountaineering (/w/index.php?title=White_Mountaineering&action=edit&redlink=1) [66] (#cite_note-66) Henrik Vibskov (/wiki/Henrik_Vibskov) [67] (#cite_note-67) Casablanca (/wiki/Casablanca) [68] (#cite_note-68) Bode (/wiki/Bode_(fashion_brand)) [69] (#cite_note-69) Mr Saturday (/w/index.php?title=Mr_Saturday&action=edit&redlink=1) [70] (#cite_note-70) Marine Serre (/wiki/Marine_Serre) [71] (#cite_note-71) [72] (#cite_note-72) Kidsuper (/w/index.php?title=Kidsuper&action=edit&redlink=1) [73] (#cite_note-73) Sunday 1/22 [ edit ] Ludovic De Saint Serin (/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_De_Saint_Serin&action=edit&redlink=1) [74] (#cite_note-74) Doublet (/w/index.php?title=Doublet_(clothing_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [75] (#cite_note-75) Wooyoungmi (/wiki/Wooyoungmi) [76] (#cite_note-76) Winnie (/w/index.php?title=Winnie_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1) [77] (#cite_note-77) Sacai (/wiki/Sacai) [78] (#cite_note-78) Namacheko (/w/index.php?title=Namacheko&action=edit&redlink=1) [79] (#cite_note-79) Arturo Obegero (/w/index.php?title=Arturo_Obegero&action=edit&redlink=1) [80] (#cite_note-80) Kiko Kostandinov (/w/index.php?title=Kiko_Kostandinov&action=edit&redlink=1) [81] (#cite_note-81) Pigalle Paris (/w/index.php?title=Pigalle_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1) [82] (#cite_note-82) Lazoshmidl (/w/index.php?title=Lazoshmidl&action=edit&redlink=1) [83] (#cite_note-83) Taakk (/w/index.php?title=Taakk&action=edit&redlink=1) [84] (#cite_note-84) Maison Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Margiela) [85] (#cite_note-85) Doni Nahmias (/w/index.php?title=Doni_Nahmias&action=edit&redlink=1) [86] (#cite_note-86) System Studios (/w/index.php?title=System_Studios&action=edit&redlink=1) [87] (#cite_note-87) Online [ edit ] Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) [88] (#cite_note-88) [89] (#cite_note-89) Spring/Summer 2023 Haute Couture Designers [ edit ] Monday 1/23 [ edit ] Schiaparelli (/wiki/Schiaparelli_(fashion_house)) [90] (#cite_note-90) Lùchen (/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B9chen_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [91] (#cite_note-91) Iris Van Herpen (/wiki/Iris_Van_Herpen) [92] (#cite_note-92) Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) [93] (#cite_note-93) Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) [94] (#cite_note-94) Rahul Mishra (/wiki/Rahul_Mishra) [95] (#cite_note-95) Maison Rabih Kayrouz (/w/index.php?title=Maison_Rabih_Kayrouz&action=edit&redlink=1) [96] (#cite_note-96) Tuesday 1/24 [ edit ] Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) [97] (#cite_note-97) Alexis Mabille (/wiki/Alexis_Mabille) [98] (#cite_note-98) Stéphanie Roland (/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_Roland&action=edit&redlink=1) [99] (#cite_note-99) Julien Fournie (/wiki/Julien_Fournie) [100] (#cite_note-100) Alexandre Vauthier (/wiki/Alexandre_Vauthier) [101] (#cite_note-101) RVDK Ronald Van Der Kemp (/wiki/Ronald_van_der_Kemp) [102] (#cite_note-102) Armani Privé (/wiki/Armani) [103] (#cite_note-103) Wednesday 1/25 [ edit ] Yuima Nakazato [104] (#cite_note-104) Franck Sorbier (/wiki/Franck_Sorbier) [105] (#cite_note-105) Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) [106] (#cite_note-106) Julie De Libran (/w/index.php?title=Julie_De_Libran&action=edit&redlink=1) [107] (#cite_note-107) Viktor & Rolf (/wiki/Viktor_%26_Rolf) [108] (#cite_note-108) Zuhair Murad (/wiki/Zuhair_Murad) [109] (#cite_note-109) Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) [110] (#cite_note-110) Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) [111] (#cite_note-111) Miss Sohee (/w/index.php?title=Miss_Sohee&action=edit&redlink=1) [112] (#cite_note-112) Thursday 1/26 [ edit ] Aelis (/w/index.php?title=Aelis&action=edit&redlink=1) [113] (#cite_note-113) Imane Ayissi (/wiki/Imane_Ayissi) [114] (#cite_note-114) Juana Martin (/w/index.php?title=Juana_Martin_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [115] (#cite_note-115) Fendi Couture (/wiki/Fendi) [116] (#cite_note-116) Gaurav Gupta (/wiki/Gaurav_Gupta) [117] (#cite_note-117) Maison Sara Chraibi (/w/index.php?title=Maison_Sara_Chraibi&action=edit&redlink=1) [118] (#cite_note-118) Robert Wun (/wiki/Robert_Wun) [119] (#cite_note-119) Fall/Winter 2023 Fashion Week Designers [ edit ] Monday 2/27 [ edit ] Weisanto (/w/index.php?title=Weisanto&action=edit&redlink=1) [120] (#cite_note-120) Niccolo Pasqualetti (/w/index.php?title=Niccolo_Pasqualetti&action=edit&redlink=1) [121] (#cite_note-121) Rui (/w/index.php?title=Rui_Zhou&action=edit&redlink=1) [122] (#cite_note-122) Benjamin Benmoyal (/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Benmoyal&action=edit&redlink=1) [123] (#cite_note-123) Vaquera (/wiki/Vaquera_(fashion_brand)) [124] (#cite_note-124) Tuesday 2/28 [ edit ] CFCL (/w/index.php?title=CFCL_(clothing_company)&action=edit&redlink=1) [125] (#cite_note-125) Maitrepierre (/w/index.php?title=Maitrepierre&action=edit&redlink=1) [126] (#cite_note-126) Victoria/Tomas (/w/index.php?title=Victoria/Tomas&action=edit&redlink=1) [127] (#cite_note-127) Mame Kuroguchi (/w/index.php?title=Mame_Kuroguchi&action=edit&redlink=1) [128] (#cite_note-128) Heliot Emil (/w/index.php?title=Heliot_Emil&action=edit&redlink=1) [129] (#cite_note-129) Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) [130] (#cite_note-130) Boutet Solanes (/w/index.php?title=Boutet_Solanes&action=edit&redlink=1) [131] (#cite_note-131) Dawei (/wiki/Dawei) [132] (#cite_note-132) Anne Isabella (/w/index.php?title=Anne_Isabella&action=edit&redlink=1) [133] (#cite_note-133) Anrealage (/w/index.php?title=Anrealage&action=edit&redlink=1) [134] (#cite_note-134) Pressiat (/wiki/Pressiat) [135] (#cite_note-135) Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) [136] (#cite_note-136) Wednesday 3/1 [ edit ] Courrèges (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Courr%C3%A8ges) [137] (#cite_note-137) Rosin Pierce (/w/index.php?title=Rosin_Pierce&action=edit&redlink=1) [138] (#cite_note-138) Litkovska (/w/index.php?title=Litkovska&action=edit&redlink=1) [139] (#cite_note-139) Nehera (/w/index.php?title=Nehera&action=edit&redlink=1) [140] (#cite_note-140) The Row (/wiki/The_Row_(fashion_label)) [141] (#cite_note-141) Undercover (/wiki/Undercover) [142] (#cite_note-142) Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) [143] (#cite_note-143) Meryll Rogge (/w/index.php?title=Meryll_Rogge&action=edit&redlink=1) [144] (#cite_note-144) Cecilie Bahnsen (/w/index.php?title=Cecilie_Bahnsen&action=edit&redlink=1) [145] (#cite_note-145) Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) [146] (#cite_note-146) Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) [147] (#cite_note-147) Acne Studios (/wiki/Acne_Studios) [148] (#cite_note-148) Thursday 3/2 [ edit ] Shang Xia (/wiki/Shang_Xia) [149] (#cite_note-149) Alexis Mabille (/wiki/Alexis_Mabille) [150] (#cite_note-150) Véronique Leroy (/w/index.php?title=Veronique_Leroy&action=edit&redlink=1) [151] (#cite_note-151) Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) [152] (#cite_note-152) Gauchere (/w/index.php?title=Gauchere&action=edit&redlink=1) [153] (#cite_note-153) Chloé (/wiki/Chloe) [154] (#cite_note-154) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) [155] (#cite_note-155) Uma Wang (/w/index.php?title=Uma_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1) [156] (#cite_note-156) Ruohan (/w/index.php?title=Ruohan&action=edit&redlink=1) [157] (#cite_note-157) Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) [158] (#cite_note-158) Boyarovskaya (/w/index.php?title=Boyarovskaya&action=edit&redlink=1) [159] (#cite_note-159) Schiaparelli (/wiki/Schiaparelli_(fashion_house)) [160] (#cite_note-160) Isabel Marant (/wiki/Isabel_Marant) [161] (#cite_note-161) Friday 3/3 [ edit ] Leonard Paris (/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1) [162] (#cite_note-162) Alexandre Vauthier (/wiki/Alexandre_Vauthier) [163] (#cite_note-163) Christian Wijnants (/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wijnants&action=edit&redlink=1) [164] (#cite_note-164) Didu (/w/index.php?title=Didu_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [165] (#cite_note-165) LOEWE (/wiki/Loewe_(fashion_brand)) [166] (#cite_note-166) Lutz Huelle (/w/index.php?title=Lutz_Huelle&action=edit&redlink=1) [167] (#cite_note-167) Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) [168] (#cite_note-168) Jitrois (/w/index.php?title=Jitrois&action=edit&redlink=1) [169] (#cite_note-169) Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) [170] (#cite_note-170) Andrew Gn (/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Gn&action=edit&redlink=1) [171] (#cite_note-171) Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) [172] (#cite_note-172) Kiko Kostadinov (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) [173] (#cite_note-173) Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) [174] (#cite_note-174) Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) [175] (#cite_note-175) Coperni (/w/index.php?title=Coperni&action=edit&redlink=1) [176] (#cite_note-176) Saturday 3/4 [ edit ] Junya Watanabe (/wiki/Junya_Watanabe) [177] (#cite_note-177) Ester Manas (/w/index.php?title=Ester_Manas&action=edit&redlink=1) [178] (#cite_note-178) Situationist (/wiki/Situationist) x Yaspis (/w/index.php?title=Yaspis&action=edit&redlink=1) [179] (#cite_note-179) Noir Kei Ninomiya (/w/index.php?title=Noir_Kei_Ninomiya&action=edit&redlink=1) [180] (#cite_note-180) Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) [181] (#cite_note-181) Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) [182] (#cite_note-182) Chen Peng (/wiki/Chen_Peng) [183] (#cite_note-183) Rochas (/wiki/Rochas) [184] (#cite_note-184) Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) [185] (#cite_note-185) Comme Des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) [186] (#cite_note-186) Enfants Riches Déprimés (/w/index.php?title=Enfants_Riches_Deprimes&action=edit&redlink=1) [187] (#cite_note-187) Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) [188] (#cite_note-188) Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) [189] (#cite_note-189) Sunday 3/5 [ edit ] Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin) [190] (#cite_note-190) Margaret Howell (/wiki/Margaret_Howell) [191] (#cite_note-191) Dice Kayek (/wiki/Dice_Kayek) [192] (#cite_note-192) Barbara Bui (/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Bui&action=edit&redlink=1) [193] (#cite_note-193) Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) [194] (#cite_note-194) Ottolinger (/w/index.php?title=Ottolinger&action=edit&redlink=1) [195] (#cite_note-195) Akris (/wiki/Akris) [196] (#cite_note-196) Beautiful People (/w/index.php?title=Beautiful_People_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) [197] (#cite_note-197) Palm Angels (/wiki/Palm_Angels) [198] (#cite_note-198) Atlein (/w/index.php?title=Atlein&action=edit&redlink=1) [199] (#cite_note-199) Florentina Leitner (/w/index.php?title=Florentina_Leitner&action=edit&redlink=1) [200] (#cite_note-200) Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) [201] (#cite_note-201) Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) [202] (#cite_note-202) A.P.C. (/wiki/A.P.C.) [203] (#cite_note-203) Monday 3/6 [ edit ] Paul Smith (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) [204] (#cite_note-204) Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) [205] (#cite_note-205) Paula Canovas Del Vas (/w/index.php?title=Paula_Canovas_Del_Vas&action=edit&redlink=1) [206] (#cite_note-206) Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) [207] (#cite_note-207) AZ Factory (/w/index.php?title=AZ_Factory&action=edit&redlink=1) [208] (#cite_note-208) Zimmermann (/wiki/Zimmermann) [209] (#cite_note-209) Schiatzy Chen (/w/index.php?title=Schiatzy_Chen&action=edit&redlink=1) [210] (#cite_note-210) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) [211] (#cite_note-211) Sacai (/wiki/Sacai) [212] (#cite_note-212) Calvin Luo (/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Luo&action=edit&redlink=1) [213] (#cite_note-213) Rokh (/w/index.php?title=Rokh_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [214] (#cite_note-214) Germanier (/w/index.php?title=Germanier&action=edit&redlink=1) [215] (#cite_note-215) GmbH (/w/index.php?title=GmbH_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [216] (#cite_note-216) Dundas (/w/index.php?title=Dundas_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [217] (#cite_note-217) Tuesday 3/7 [ edit ] Mossi (/wiki/Mossi_Traor%C3%A9) [218] (#cite_note-218) Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) [219] (#cite_note-219) Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) [220] (#cite_note-220) Ujoh (/w/index.php?title=Ujoh&action=edit&redlink=1) [221] (#cite_note-221) Y/Project (/w/index.php?title=Y/Project&action=edit&redlink=1) [222] (#cite_note-222) Avellano (/w/index.php?title=Avellano&action=edit&redlink=1) [223] (#cite_note-223) Xuly Bët (/wiki/Xuly_Bet) [224] (#cite_note-224) A.W.A.K.E. Mode (/w/index.php?title=A.W.A.K.E._Mode&action=edit&redlink=1) [225] (#cite_note-225) The Selects - Paris Showroom including: ERL (/w/index.php?title=ERL_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [226] (#cite_note-226) Nanushka (/w/index.php?title=Nanushka_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [227] (#cite_note-227) Key Trends [ edit ] Men's Designers [ edit ] The fall/winter 2023 men's runway continued a trend of plaid (/wiki/Plaid_(fabric)) [228] (#cite_note-:1-228) and checkered (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) menswear that had previously been seen in spring/summer 2023. [228] (#cite_note-:1-228) Faux fur (/wiki/Fake_fur) , [228] (#cite_note-:1-228) earth tones (/wiki/Earth_tone) , [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) and animal prints (/wiki/Animal_print) , [230] (#cite_note-230) were very popular. Designers also tapped into futurist (/wiki/Futurism) [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) and surrealist (/wiki/Surrealism) [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) sensibilities. Jumpsuits (/wiki/Jumpsuit) made a comeback [228] (#cite_note-:1-228) as did sleek, understated luxury. [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) Suits were designed for office wear, though many of these suits were queered (/wiki/Queer_fashion) with rumpled styling that implied late night sexual escapades, and bright colors (such as purple). [229] (#cite_note-:2-229) Haute Couture [ edit ] Surrealist looks were popular at SS23 haute couture week, particularly in Schiaparelli's controversial dresses containing hyper realistic foam animal heads and in Valentino's maximalist (/wiki/Maximalism) formalwear. [231] (#cite_note-231) [232] (#cite_note-:5-232) Metallics (/wiki/Metallic_color) , sheer (/wiki/Sheer_fabric) fabrics, and harlequin (/wiki/Harlequin) prints were also popular. [233] (#cite_note-233) [232] (#cite_note-:5-232) Fashion Week [ edit ] The fall/winter 2023 fashion week shows saw the return of 80s-inspired silhouettes, including shoulder-padded blazers [234] (#cite_note-234) and hourglass suiting. [235] (#cite_note-:6-235) Wraps and flowy layers that produced a cocoon-like appearance were also common on the runway. [236] (#cite_note-:7-236) [237] (#cite_note-:8-237) Surrealist looks were popular, [235] (#cite_note-:6-235) including clothes that appeared to have holes punched out of them, [236] (#cite_note-:7-236) and oversized, brightly colored pussy bows. [237] (#cite_note-:8-237) Ultra-tactile materials, such as faux fur coats [238] (#cite_note-:3-238) and distressed knitwear, [236] (#cite_note-:7-236) were seen on the runway. Popular accessories for women included hosiery [235] (#cite_note-:6-235) and thin ties. [237] (#cite_note-:8-237) Red was the most prominent pop color. [237] (#cite_note-:8-237) [238] (#cite_note-:3-238) Following the fall/winter 2023 shows, Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) noted that men's skirts seemed to be absent from the showrooms, despite their presence on the runways. [239] (#cite_note-:4-239) Industry leaders noted that street brands had been expressing resistance to adopting men's skirts in retail stores for some time. [239] (#cite_note-:4-239) New York Fashion Week [ edit ] The Fall/Winter 2023 New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) was held between February 10 and February 15, 2023. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [240] (#cite_note-240) The affiliated New York Men's Day took place on February 10, 2023. [241] (#cite_note-241) Fall/Winter 2023 New York Men's Designers [ edit ] Friday 2/10 [ edit ] A. Potts (/w/index.php?title=A._Potts&action=edit&redlink=1) [242] (#cite_note-242) all beneath heaven (/w/index.php?title=All_beneath_heaven&action=edit&redlink=1) Atelier Cillian (/w/index.php?title=Atelier_Cillian&action=edit&redlink=1) Bulan (/w/index.php?title=Bulan_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Dionysus (/w/index.php?title=Dionysus_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Jahnkoy (/w/index.php?title=Jahnkoy&action=edit&redlink=1) Kent Anthony (/w/index.php?title=Kent_Anthony&action=edit&redlink=1) Nicholas Raefski (/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Raefski&action=edit&redlink=1) nobis (/w/index.php?title=Nobis_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Raleigh Workshop (/w/index.php?title=Raleigh_Workshop&action=edit&redlink=1) Terry Singh (/w/index.php?title=Terry_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1) Amirok (/w/index.php?title=Amirok&action=edit&redlink=1) Fried Rice (/wiki/Fried_Rice) Holo Market (/w/index.php?title=Holo_Market&action=edit&redlink=1) Nicholas Raefski (/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Raefski&action=edit&redlink=1) SO.TY (/w/index.php?title=SO.TY&action=edit&redlink=1) Teddy Vonranson (/w/index.php?title=Teddy_Vonranson&action=edit&redlink=1) Todd Patrick (/wiki/Todd_Patrick) Fall/Winter 2023 New York Fashion Week Designers [ edit ] Wednesday 2/8 [ edit ] Shame (/w/index.php?title=Ramona_Beattie&action=edit&redlink=1) Friday 2/10 [ edit ] Rodarte (/wiki/Rodarte) [243] (#cite_note-243) Judy Turner (/w/index.php?title=Judy_Turner_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [244] (#cite_note-244) Collina Strada (/w/index.php?title=Collina_Strada&action=edit&redlink=1) [245] (#cite_note-245) Simkhai (/w/index.php?title=Simkhai&action=edit&redlink=1) [246] (#cite_note-246) Prabal Gurung (/wiki/Prabal_Gurung) [247] (#cite_note-247) Dion Lee (/wiki/Dion_Lee) [248] (#cite_note-248) Saturday 2/11 [ edit ] Snow Xue Gao (/w/index.php?title=Snow_Xue_Gao&action=edit&redlink=1) [249] (#cite_note-249) PH5 (/w/index.php?title=PH5_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [250] (#cite_note-250) Sandy Liang (/wiki/Sandy_Liang) Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) Sukeina (/w/index.php?title=Sukeina&action=edit&redlink=1) Area (/w/index.php?title=Area_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Patbo (/w/index.php?title=Patbo&action=edit&redlink=1) Herve Leger (/wiki/Herve_Leger) Alice + Olivia (/wiki/Alice_%2B_Olivia) Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) Sergio Hudson (/wiki/Sergio_Hudson) Eckhaus Latta (/wiki/Eckhaus_Latta) [251] (#cite_note-251) Sam Finger (/w/index.php?title=Sam_Finger&action=edit&redlink=1) UTOPIA (/w/index.php?title=UTOPIA_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [252] (#cite_note-252) Heron Preston (/wiki/Heron_Preston) [253] (#cite_note-253) Sunday 2/12 [ edit ] Ulla Johnson (/wiki/Ulla_Johnson) Studio 189 (/w/index.php?title=Studio_189&action=edit&redlink=1) Puppets & Puppets (/wiki/Puppets_and_Puppets) Melke (/w/index.php?title=Melke&action=edit&redlink=1) Jason Wu Collection (/w/index.php?title=Jason_Wu_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1) Adeam (/w/index.php?title=Adeam&action=edit&redlink=1) Dur Doux (/w/index.php?title=Dur_Doux&action=edit&redlink=1) Alejandra Alonso Rojas (/w/index.php?title=Alejandra_Alonso_Rojas&action=edit&redlink=1) Private Policy (/w/index.php?title=Private_Policy&action=edit&redlink=1) Khaite (/w/index.php?title=Khaite&action=edit&redlink=1) A-Company (/w/index.php?title=A-Company&action=edit&redlink=1) Vivienne Tam (/wiki/Vivienne_Tam) Kim Shui (/w/index.php?title=Kim_Shui&action=edit&redlink=1) Monday 2/13 [ edit ] Andrew Kwon (/wiki/Andrew_Kwon) Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera) Palomo Spain (/w/index.php?title=Palomo_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1) Zankov (/w/index.php?title=Zankov_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Ankvas (/w/index.php?title=Ankvas&action=edit&redlink=1) [254] (#cite_note-254) Dennis Basso (/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Basso&action=edit&redlink=1) Coach (/wiki/Coach_New_York) [255] (#cite_note-255) Bibhu Mohapatra (/wiki/Bibhu_Mohapatra) Foo and Foo (/w/index.php?title=Foo_and_Foo&action=edit&redlink=1) [256] (#cite_note-256) Batsheva (/wiki/Batsheva_Hay) Cucculelli Shaheen (/w/index.php?title=Cucculelli_Shaheen&action=edit&redlink=1) Priscavera (/w/index.php?title=Priscavera&action=edit&redlink=1) Tory Burch (/wiki/Tory_Burch) Elena Velez (/wiki/Elena_Velez) LaQuan Smith (/w/index.php?title=Laquan_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1) [257] (#cite_note-257) Tuesday 2/14 [ edit ] Brandon Maxwell (/wiki/Brandon_Maxwell) Naeem Khan (/wiki/Naeem_Khan) Gabriela Hearst (/wiki/Gabriela_Hearst) Colin Locascio (/w/index.php?title=Colin_Locascio&action=edit&redlink=1) Koltson (/w/index.php?title=Koltson&action=edit&redlink=1) Bach Mai (/w/index.php?title=Bach_Mai&action=edit&redlink=1) Loveshackfancy (/w/index.php?title=Loveshackfancy&action=edit&redlink=1) Pamella Roland (/wiki/Pamella_Roland) Hellessy (/w/index.php?title=Hellessy&action=edit&redlink=1) Thom Browne (/wiki/Thom_Browne) [258] (#cite_note-258) Veronica Beard (/w/index.php?title=Veronica_Beard&action=edit&redlink=1) Head of State (/w/index.php?title=Head_of_State_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) [259] (#cite_note-259) Altuzarra (/wiki/Altuzarra) Christian Cowan (/w/index.php?title=Christian_Cowan&action=edit&redlink=1) NOID (/w/index.php?title=Denzel_Dion&action=edit&redlink=1) [260] (#cite_note-260) Creature World [261] (#cite_note-261) Kallmeyer (/w/index.php?title=Kallmeyer_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Ayama Studio (/w/index.php?title=Ayama_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1) Wednesday 2/15 [ edit ] Chocheng (/w/index.php?title=Chocheng&action=edit&redlink=1) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) House of Aama (/w/index.php?title=House_of_Aama&action=edit&redlink=1) Kevan Hall (/wiki/Kevan_Hall) Wiederhoeft (/w/index.php?title=Wiederhoeft&action=edit&redlink=1) Badgley Mischka (/wiki/Badgley_Mischka) Markarian (/w/index.php?title=Markarian_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Who Decides War (/w/index.php?title=Who_Decides_War&action=edit&redlink=1) [262] (#cite_note-262) Frederick Anderson (/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Anderson_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) Willy Chavarria (/wiki/Willy_Chavarria) [263] (#cite_note-263) The Blonds (/w/index.php?title=The_Blonds_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Luar (/w/index.php?title=Luar&action=edit&redlink=1) [264] (#cite_note-264) Nayon (/w/index.php?title=Nayon_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Madrid Fashion Week [ edit ] The Fall/Winter 2023 Madrid Fashion Week (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) (also called Mercedes-Benz (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz) Fashion Week Madrid) was held between February 15 and February 19, 2023. [265] (#cite_note-265) [266] (#cite_note-266) [267] (#cite_note-267) Fall/Winter 2023 Madrid Fashion Week Designers [ edit ] 2/15 [ edit ] María Lafuente (/w/index.php?title=Maria_Lafuente&action=edit&redlink=1) Viriato (/w/index.php?title=Viriato_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Ángel Schlesser (/w/index.php?title=Angel_Schlesser&action=edit&redlink=1) Rafael Urquizar (/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Urquizar&action=edit&redlink=1) Pertegaz (/wiki/Pertegaz) Pilar Dalbat (/w/index.php?title=Pilar_Dalbat&action=edit&redlink=1) Félix Ramiro (/w/index.php?title=Felix_Ramiro&action=edit&redlink=1) Eduardo Navarrete (/w/index.php?title=Eduardo_Navarrete&action=edit&redlink=1) 2/16 [ edit ] Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada (/wiki/Agatha_Ruiz_de_la_Prada) Andrés Sardá (/wiki/Andres_Sarda) Jorge Vázquez (/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Vazquez_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) Pedro del Hierro (/wiki/Pedro_del_Hierro) Pablo Erroz (/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Erroz&action=edit&redlink=1) Encinar (/w/index.php?title=Encinar&action=edit&redlink=1) Paloma Suárez (/w/index.php?title=Paloma_Suarez&action=edit&redlink=1) 2/17 [ edit ] Otrura (/w/index.php?title=Otrura&action=edit&redlink=1) Isabel Sanchís (/w/index.php?title=Isabel_Sanchis&action=edit&redlink=1) Hannibal Laguna (/w/index.php?title=Hannibal_Laguna&action=edit&redlink=1) Roberto Torretta (/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Torretta&action=edit&redlink=1) Duarte (/w/index.php?title=Duarte_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Teresa Helbig (/w/index.php?title=Teresa_Helbig&action=edit&redlink=1) 2/18 [ edit ] Odette Álvarez (/w/index.php?title=Odette_Alvarez&action=edit&redlink=1) García Madrid (/w/index.php?title=Garcia_Madrid&action=edit&redlink=1) Fely Campo (/w/index.php?title=Fely_Campo&action=edit&redlink=1) Maya Hansen (/w/index.php?title=Maya_Hansen_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) Custo Barcelona (/wiki/Custo_Barcelona) Claro Couture (/w/index.php?title=Claro_Couture&action=edit&redlink=1) 2/19 [ edit ] Reparto (/w/index.php?title=Reparto&action=edit&redlink=1) Adrià Egea (/w/index.php?title=Adria_Egea&action=edit&redlink=1) Guillermo Décimo (/w/index.php?title=Guillermo_Decimo&action=edit&redlink=1) Fátima Miñana (/w/index.php?title=Fatima_Minana&action=edit&redlink=1) 93 Sierra/Crosses (/w/index.php?title=93_Sierra/Crosses&action=edit&redlink=1) Sabela Juncal (/w/index.php?title=Sabela_Juncal&action=edit&redlink=1) Charlie Smits (/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Smits&action=edit&redlink=1) Alejandre (/w/index.php?title=Alejandre&action=edit&redlink=1) Aitogoikoetxea (/w/index.php?title=Aitogoikoetxea&action=edit&redlink=1) Lorena Savaria (/w/index.php?title=Lorena_Savaria&action=edit&redlink=1) London Fashion Week [ edit ] The Fall/Winter 2023 London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) was held between February 17 and February 21, 2023. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Fall/Winter 2023 London Fashion Week Designers [ edit ] 2/17 [ edit ] Paul Costelloe (/wiki/Paul_Costelloe) Sinead O'Dwyer (/w/index.php?title=Sinead_O%27Dwyer&action=edit&redlink=1) Noon by Noor (/w/index.php?title=Noon_by_Noor&action=edit&redlink=1) Bora Aksu (/wiki/Bora_Aksu) Fashion East (/wiki/Fashion_East) Untitlab (/w/index.php?title=Untitlab&action=edit&redlink=1) Di Petsa (/w/index.php?title=Di_Petsa&action=edit&redlink=1) Edward Crutchley (/w/index.php?title=Edward_Crutchley_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) Completed Works (/w/index.php?title=Completed_Works&action=edit&redlink=1) Huishan Zhang (/w/index.php?title=Huishan_Zhang&action=edit&redlink=1) Ancuta Sarca (/w/index.php?title=Ancuta_Sarca&action=edit&redlink=1) KWKW by Kay Kwok (/w/index.php?title=KWKW_by_Kay_Kwok&action=edit&redlink=1) Sinead Gorey (/w/index.php?title=Sinead_Gorey&action=edit&redlink=1) Mark Fast (/w/index.php?title=Mark_Fast&action=edit&redlink=1) London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) Piferi (/w/index.php?title=Piferi&action=edit&redlink=1) Conner Ives (/wiki/Conner_Ives) Dilara Findikoglu (/w/index.php?title=Dilara_Findikoglu&action=edit&redlink=1) On/Off (/w/index.php?title=On/Off_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) 2/18 [ edit ] Masha Popova (/w/index.php?title=Masha_Popova&action=edit&redlink=1) Toga (/w/index.php?title=Toga_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Eudon Choi (/w/index.php?title=Eudon_Choi&action=edit&redlink=1) 16Arlington (/w/index.php?title=16Arlington&action=edit&redlink=1) Ray Chu (/w/index.php?title=Ray_Chu&action=edit&redlink=1) Chet Lo (/w/index.php?title=Chet_Lo&action=edit&redlink=1) Molly Goddard (/wiki/Molly_Goddard) Hai (/w/index.php?title=Hai_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) David Koma (/wiki/David_Koma) Roker (/w/index.php?title=Roker_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Ahluwalia (/w/index.php?title=Ahluwalia_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Scott Henshall (/wiki/Scott_Henshall) Halpern (/w/index.php?title=Halpern_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Nensi Dojaka (/wiki/Nensi_Dojaka) Robyn Lynch (/w/index.php?title=Robyn_Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1) Richard Quinn (/wiki/Richard_Quinn_(designer)) Ingrid Kraftchenko (/w/index.php?title=Ingrid_Kraftchenko&action=edit&redlink=1) 2/19 [ edit ] Paolo Carzana (/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Carzana&action=edit&redlink=1) Emilia Wickstead (/wiki/Emilia_Wickstead) Jakke (/w/index.php?title=Jakke_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Febe (/w/index.php?title=Febe&action=edit&redlink=1) Tove (/w/index.php?title=Tove_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) 1x1 Studio (/w/index.php?title=1x1_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1) Roksanda (/w/index.php?title=Roksanda&action=edit&redlink=1) Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) Helen Kirkum (/w/index.php?title=Helen_Kirkum&action=edit&redlink=1) Simone Rocha (/wiki/Simone_Rocha) S.S. Daley (/w/index.php?title=S.S._Daley&action=edit&redlink=1) Erdem (/w/index.php?title=Erdem_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Yuhan Wang (/w/index.php?title=Yuhan_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1) Labrum London (/w/index.php?title=Labrum_London&action=edit&redlink=1) Julien Macdonald (/wiki/Julien_Macdonald) 2/20 [ edit ] Asai (/w/index.php?title=Asai_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Yuzefi (/w/index.php?title=Yuzefi&action=edit&redlink=1) J E Cai (/w/index.php?title=J_E_Cai&action=edit&redlink=1) Harri (/w/index.php?title=Harri_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Carlotte Barrera (/w/index.php?title=Carlotte_Barrera&action=edit&redlink=1) Edeline Lee (/wiki/Edeline_Lee) Pronounce (/w/index.php?title=Pronounce_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) SJoon (/w/index.php?title=SJoon&action=edit&redlink=1) Susan Fang (/w/index.php?title=Susan_Fang&action=edit&redlink=1) Tata Naka (/wiki/Tata_Naka) Saul Nash (/w/index.php?title=Saul_Nash&action=edit&redlink=1) Paul & Joe (/w/index.php?title=Paul_%26_Joe&action=edit&redlink=1) Rixo (/w/index.php?title=Rixo_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) 2/21 [ edit ] Frolov (/w/index.php?title=Frolov_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Kseniaschnaider (/w/index.php?title=Kseniaschnaider&action=edit&redlink=1) Pascal (/w/index.php?title=Pascal_(fashion_brand)&action=edit&redlink=1) Chau Rising (/w/index.php?title=Chau_Rising&action=edit&redlink=1) Buerlangma (/w/index.php?title=Buerlangma&action=edit&redlink=1) IA London (/w/index.php?title=IA_London&action=edit&redlink=1) Jens Laugesen (/w/index.php?title=Jens_Laugesen&action=edit&redlink=1) See also [ edit ] Fall 2008 fashion weeks (/wiki/Fall_2008_fashion_weeks) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e "Official Fashion Week schedule 2023 - an overview" (https://www.tributetomagazine.com/fashion-week-schedule-2023/) . www.tributetomagazine.com . 2022-11-22 . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kim, Irene (2023-02-27). "Your One-Stop Guide to the Paris Fall 2023 Fashion Week Calendar" (https://www.vogue.com/article/your-one-stop-guide-to-the-paris-fall-2023-fashion-week-calendar) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Paris Fashion Week 2023 Schedule and Dates" (https://fashionweekonline.com/paris/schedule) . Fashion Week Online® . Retrieved 2023-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "KIDILL FW23 Evokes '90s Nostalgia With DC Shoes Collab and "Enfants Terrible" Collection" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/kidill-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-paris-fashion-week-mens-hiroaki-suiyasu-dc-shoes) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Wales Bonner FW23 "Twilight Reverie" Brought Opulence to Paris Fashion Week" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/wales-bonner-fall-winter-2023-twilight-reverie-runway-adidas-jamaica-football-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wynne, Alex (2023-01-18). "Valette Studio Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/valette/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Templeton, Lily (2023-01-18). "EgonLab Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/egonlab/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Weil, Jennifer (2023-01-23). "Iregular RTW Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/iregular/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Ètudes Gets Gritty for FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/etudes-gets-gritty-for-fw23) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-17 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Socha, Miles (2023-01-17). "Saint Laurent Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/yves-saint-laurent/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Diderich, Joelle (2023-01-18). "Berluti Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/berluti/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Bianca Saunders' FW23 Runway Show Was Performance Art" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/bianca-saunders-fall-winter-2023-paris-fashion-week-collection-runway-show-backstage) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "SOLID HOMME FW23 Wants You to "Enter the Void" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/solid-homme-fall-winter-2023-runway-collection-paris-fashion-week-mens) " (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/solid-homme-fall-winter-2023-runway-collection-paris-fashion-week-mens) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Diderich, Joelle (2023-01-18). "Acne Studios Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/acne/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Lemaire FW23 Is a Lesson on Effortless Everyday Elegance" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/lemaire-fw23-is-a-lesson-on-effortless-everyday-elegance) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "BLUEMARBLE FW23 Sparkles at Paris Fashion Week" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/blue-marble-fall-winter-2023-paris-fashion-week-mens-collection-anthony-alvarez) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Hed Mayner FW23 Is All About Balance" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/hed-mayner-fall-winter-2023-paris-fashion-week-collection-reebok-collaboration-backstage) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Richford, Rhonda (2023-01-17). "Fursac Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/fursac/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Matthew M Williams Reconstructs a New Sense of Formality for Givenchy FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/matthew-m-williams-reconstructs-a-new-sense-of-formality-for-givenchy-fw23) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Liberal Youth Ministry FW23 Spearheads a Youthful Rebellion" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/liberal-youth-ministry-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-paris-fashion-week-mens) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Feng Chen Wang Looks to Ancient Chinese Traditions for FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/feng-chen-wang-fall-winter-2023-paris-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Welcome to the Weird and Wonderful World of Walter van Beirendonck FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/walter-van-beirendonck-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-paris-fashion-week-mens) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-18 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "AURALEE FW23 Sees Upgraded Tailoring Soothed in Pastel Tones" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/auralee-fall-winter-2023-paris-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-20 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Richford, Rhonda (2023-01-20). "Georges Wendell RTW Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/georges-wendell/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Wynne, Alex (2023-01-19). "Jeanne Friot Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/jeanne-friot/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Criales-Unzueta, Jose (2023-01-18). "Louis-Gabriel Nouchi Hits the Runway With an Assist from Emily In Paris's Lucas Bravo and White Lotus's Stefano Gianino" (https://www.vogue.com/article/louis-gabriel-nouchi-fall-2023-menswear-paris) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Y/Project FW23 Is Eccentric, Experimental and Explicit" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/3/y-project-fw23-fall-winter-2023-collection-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-03-07 . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "RAINS FW23 Champions the Hero in Everyone" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/rains-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Wynne, Alex (2023-01-19). "Uniforme Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/uniforme-paris/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "HOMME PLISSÉ ISSEY MIYAKE Steps Into a Technical World for FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/homme-plisse-issey-miyake-fall-winter-2023-runway-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Facetasm Explores the Beauty of Color for FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/facetasm-fall-winter-2023-collection-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-21 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Rick Owens' FW23 Collection "LUXOR" Proves He's the Dark Master of Paris Fashion Week" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/rick-owens-luxor-fall-winter-2023-mens-collection-runway-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Templeton, Lily (2023-01-20). "Sean Suen Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/sean-suen-2/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Isaac-Goize, Tina (2023-01-20). "Isabel Marant Fall 2023 Menswear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2023-menswear/isabel-marant) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "AIREI FW23 Marked the Brand's Heroic Paris Fashion Week Debut" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/airei-fall-winter-2023-paris-fashion-week-menswear-womenswear-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-23 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Wynne, Alex (2023-01-20). "Sulvam Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/sulvam/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Diderich, Joelle (2023-01-19). "Amiri Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/amiri/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Louis Vuitton FW23 Men's Collection Is an Artistic Dialogue About Growing Up" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/louis-vuitton-fw23-mens-paris-fashion-week-colm-dillane-kidsuper-collection) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Yohji Yamamoto's Y's for Men Brand Returns From the Archives for FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/yohji-yamamoto-ys-for-men-fall-winter-2023-return-archive-brand-paris-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-10 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Dries Van Noten FW23 Menswear Collection Is When Rave Culture Meets Refined Tailoring" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/dries-van-noten-fall-winter-2023-paris-fashion-week-menswear-collection) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "AMI FW23 Makes Every Day Dressing Sparkle" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/ami-alexandre-mattiussi-fall-winter-2023-runway-paris-fashion-week-collection) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Daniel Arsham's Objects IV Life Ch. 003 Collection Is Both Functional and Made To Last" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/daniel-arsham-objects-iv-life-ch-003-collection-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-19 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Junya Watanabe MAN FW23 Presents the Modern Gentleman" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/junya-watanabe-man-fw23-presents-the-modern-gentelman) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-20 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Courrèges Finds the Sexiness in Simplicity for FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/1/courreges-fall-winter-2023-menswear-collection-paris-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-01-23 . Retrieved 2023-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Wynne, Alex (2023-01-20). "Emanuel Ungaro Men's Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-2023/paris/emanuel-ungaro/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Mower, Sarah (2022-06-22). 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Retrieved 2023-03-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-231) "5 Trends To Try Off The Spring/Summer 2023 Haute Couture Runways" (https://crfashionbook.com/5-trends-to-try-off-the-spring-summer-2023-haute-couture-runways/) . CR Fashion Book . 2023-02-07 . Retrieved 2023-03-28 . ^ a b Stewart, Kelsey (27 January 2023). "The Pantless Trend Was Thriving At The Haute Couture Shows" (https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/haute-couture-spring-summer-2023-trends) . The Zoe Report . Retrieved 2023-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-233) Borrelli-Persson, Laird (2023-01-30). "From Paris, Couture With a Human Touch" (https://www.vogue.com/article/spring-2023-couture-trends) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-234) Cartner-Morley, Jess (2023-03-09). "Look sharp! Shoulder pads and spikes are back as Paris calls time on comfort dressing" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/mar/09/shoulderpads-paris-fashion-week-comfort-dressing-john-lewis) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ a b c LaPlaca, Anna (10 March 2023). "The 7 Biggest Fall 2023 Trends, Straight From Paris Fashion Week" (https://www.whowhatwear.com/paris-fashion-week-fall-winter-2023) . Who What Wear . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ a b c Fashionista (March 8, 2023). "THE 9 BIGGEST FALL 2023 RUNWAY TRENDS FROM PARIS FASHION WEEK" (https://fashionista.com/2023/03/paris-fashion-week-fall-2023-trends) . Fashionista . Retrieved March 29, 2023 . ^ a b c d "This Super Affordable Paris Fashion Week Trend Will Make Your Favorite Dress Feel New" (https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/paris-fashion-week-trends-fall-winter-2023) . The Zoe Report . 8 March 2023 . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ a b Staff, W. W. D. (2023-03-09). "Buyers' Paris Faves: Loewe, Saint Laurent, Dries" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/paris-fashion-week-new-polish-buyers-takes-on-the-season-trends-1235575571/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ a b Diderich, Joelle (2023-03-20). "Men's Skirts Were All Over the Fall Runways. But Will They Sell?" (https://wwd.com/menswear-news/mens-designer-luxury/skirts-major-menswear-trend-but-will-they-sell-1235586490/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-03-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-240) Kim, Irene (2023-02-10). "Your One Stop Guide to the New York Fall 2023 Fashion Week Calendar" (https://www.vogue.com/article/your-one-stop-guide-to-the-new-york-fall-2023-fashion-week-calendar) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-241) Criales-Unzueta, José (2023-02-12). "Here's What You Need to Know About New York Men's Day" (https://www.vogue.com/article/new-york-mens-day-fall-2023) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-242) "APOTTS Dedicates Its FW22 Collection to "Skinfolk" as Part of New York Men's Day" (https://hypebeast.com/2022/2/apotts-fw22-collection-new-york-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2022-02-12 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-243) Moore, Booth (2023-02-11). "Rodarte RTW Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/fall-2023/new-york/rodarte/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-244) Kim, Irene (2023-02-13). "Judy Turner Fall 2023 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2023-ready-to-wear/judy-turner) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-245) Moore, Booth (2023-02-11). "Collina Strada RTW Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/fall-2023/new-york/collina-strada/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-246) Borrelli-Persson, Laird (2023-02-11). "Simkhai Fall 2023 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2023-ready-to-wear/jonathan-simkhai) . Vogue . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-247) Moore, Booth (2023-02-11). "Prabal Gurung Fall 2023" (https://wwd.com/runway/fall-2023/new-york/prabal-gurung/review/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-248) Kelly, Dylan (2023-02-11). "Dion Lee FW23 Sheds a Second Skin" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/dion-lee-fall-winter-2023-fw23-collection-new-york-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-249) Kim, Stacy (February 16, 2023). "Snow Xue Gao FW '23 Inspires Women Empowerment at NYFW" (https://www.nowmagazinela.com/blog/snow-xue-gao-fw-23-inspires-women-empowerment-at-nyfw) . NOW MAGAZINE . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-250) Grimes, Collette (February 12, 2023). "PH5 Ponders A Post-Apocalyptic Life Down Under for FW23" (https://hypebae.com/2023/2/ph5-fall-winter-new-york-fashion-week-lookbook-sustainability-climate-change) . Hypebae . Retrieved 2023-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-251) "Eckhaus Latta FW23 Forecasts a Fluid Future" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/eckhaus-latta-fw23-fall-winter-2023-collection-new-york-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-12 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-252) "Utopia by Peder Cho FW23 Debuts Woven Unisex Styles" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/utopia-by-peder-cho-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-new-york-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-15 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-253) "Heron Preston FW23 Is a NYC Homecoming" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/heron-preston-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-new-york-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-12 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-254) "AKNVAS FW23 Experiments With Classic American Design Tropes" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/aknvas-fw23-fall-winter-2023-collection-new-york-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-14 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-255) "Coach FW23 Has a Metropolitan Mentality" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/coach-fw23-fall-winter-2023-collection-new-york-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-13 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-256) "FOO AND FOO FW23 Subverts East Coast Style Codes" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/foo-and-foo-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-new-york-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-17 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-257) "LaQuan Smith FW23 Revels in High Glam" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/laquan-smith-fall-winter-2023-runway-show) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-14 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-258) "Thom Browne FW23 Lets Quintessential American Fashion Tell an Intergalactic Story" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/thom-browne-fw23-fall-winter-2023-collection-new-york-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-15 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-259) "Head of State's Taofeek Abijako Writes His Own Design Codes for Fall 2023" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/head-of-state-fw23-fall-winter-2023-collection-new-york-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-15 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-260) "For NOID FW23, Form and Function Fall From the Same Tree" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/noid-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-new-york-fashion-week-denzel-dion) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-17 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-261) "Danny Cole Bridges Imaginative Art and Fashion With Creature World" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/danny-cole-creature-world-fashion-label-new-york-fahion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-17 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-262) "Who Decides War Captures the Intrinsic Style of NYC for FW23" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/who-decides-war-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-ev-bravado-tela-damore-new-york-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-16 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-263) "Willy Chavarria FW23 Presents a Story of Protection" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/willy-chavarria-fall-winter-2023-runway-show-lookbook-new-york-fashion-week) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-16 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-264) "LUAR FW23 Reflects a Brooklyn Boy's Big Dreams" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/2/luar-fw23-fall-winter-2023-collection-new-york-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . 2023-02-16 . Retrieved 2023-04-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-265) Moran, Graeme (2023-02-22). "Putting on a show at Madrid Fashion Week AW23" (https://www.drapersonline.com/product-and-trends/catwalks/putting-on-a-show-at-madrid-fashion-week-aw23) . Drapers . Retrieved 2023-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-266) "MBFWMADRID 2023 \| The great Spanish fashion catwalk" (https://www.ifema.es/en/mbfw-madrid) . www.ifema.es . Retrieved 2023-03-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-267) "Madrid Fashion Week opens 77th edition with off-catwalk displays" (https://www.indulgexpress.com/fashion/new-launches/2023/mar/11/madrid-fashion-week-opens-77th-edition-with-off-catwalk-displays-47639.html) . www.indulgexpress.com . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_2023_fashion_weeks&oldid=1216393196 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fall_2023_fashion_weeks&oldid=1216393196) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion weeks (/wiki/Category:Fashion_weeks) 2020s fashion (/wiki/Category:2020s_fashion) Hidden category: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list)
Large headdress worn by the women of Buenos Aires and Montevideo in the 1830s Elite women of Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) wearing a variety of different peinetones , portrayed (/wiki/Portrait_painting) by painter Charles Pellegrini (/wiki/Charles_Pellegrini) between 1830 and 1832. The peinetón ( plural (/wiki/Plural) : peinetones ) is a large, decorative comb (/wiki/Comb) that originated in Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , Argentina and became very fashionable among its female inhabitants as well as those of Montevideo (/wiki/Montevideo) , Uruguay between the late 1820s and the mid to late 1830s. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) Although its origin can be traced back to the traditional Spanish peineta (/wiki/Peineta_(comb)) , the peinetón derived into a different headpiece altogether, both for its physical characteristics as well as for the symbolic (/wiki/Symbol) meanings around its use. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) The peineta was introduced to Buenos Aires around 1815 and, as early as 1824, interest began to grow in larger and more elaborate models, eventually giving rise to the peinetón that had its heyday between 1830 and 1837. [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) The accessory emerged during the Romantic era [note 1] (#cite_note-romantic-4) of Western fashion, and was worn alongside dresses with small waists and large, voluminous sleeves. [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) Peinetones were defined by their extravagant size, measuring up to 120 centimetres (3 feet 11 inches) in height and width at the height of their popularity. [5] (#cite_note-Saulquin43-6) [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) They were typically made out of tortoiseshell (/wiki/Tortoiseshell) , although the cheaper horn (/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)) was also common, [7] (#cite_note-LP-8) particularly when the former was in short supply. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) The tortoiseshell was imported as pieces or plates, which were cut, heat-fused, fretworked (/wiki/Fretwork) , chiseled (/wiki/Chisel) and polished by craftsmen in the city's workshops, sometimes also being printed (/wiki/Printing) and inlaid (/wiki/Inlay) . [8] (#cite_note-mnba-9) [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) The design of each peinetón was unique and tailored to the tastes of each woman. [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) The one-piece accessory had a slightly convex body, it came in a variety of different shapes and featured profuse ornamentation with designs inspired by nature and Neoclassicism (/wiki/Neoclassicism) . [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) The trend was unique to the Río de la Plata (/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata) , serving as a way to differentiate from Spanish culture and becoming a defining feature of porteño (/wiki/Porte%C3%B1o) women for both locals and foreigners. [8] (#cite_note-mnba-9) [9] (#cite_note-pagina12-10) As such, it represents a moment of interest for Argentine fashion historians (/wiki/Fashion_history) , and is associated with a growing sense of national identity (/wiki/National_identity) in post-colonial Argentina, which had declared independence (/wiki/Argentine_Declaration_of_Independence) in 1816 and was undergoing a series of bloody civil wars (/wiki/Argentine_Civil_Wars) between Federalists (/wiki/Federalist_Party_(Argentina)) and Unitarians (/wiki/Unitarian_Party) . [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) The development of the fashion mainly took place during the rule of the Federalist Juan Manuel de Rosas (/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas) , a time in which clothing became increasingly codified to demonstrate political adherence to the regime. [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) In fact, the use of the peinetón was eventually associated with Federalist women, with models often featuring effigies (/wiki/Effigies) of Rosas and political slogans of the party. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) [8] (#cite_note-mnba-9) The peinetón had a great impact on the porteño society of the time, which led to an intense literary, graphic, artistic and journalistic production both for and against the accessory. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Due to the high cost of tortoiseshell and its elaborate manufacture, the headpiece became a luxury item (/wiki/Luxury_item) that served as a symbol of prestige among the elite (/wiki/Elite_class) , although women of lower social classes also aspired to own one. [11] (#cite_note-doscientos-12) [12] (#cite_note-las12-13) Several modern authors consider that the peinetón served as a way for women to burst in and reaffirm themselves in public space (/wiki/Public_space) , at a time when they were heavily relegated to domestic life. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) [13] (#cite_note-Fashion:_The_Whole_Story-14) Name and definition [ edit ] Peinetones of various shapes and styles of ornamentation (/wiki/Ornament_(art)) photographed in 1927 for a report in Plus Ultra , a monthly supplement of Caras y Caretas (/wiki/Caras_y_Caretas_(Argentina)) magazine. The model on the upper right displays Federalist (/wiki/Federalist_Party_(Argentina)) slogans, including an exaltation of Encarnación Ezcurra (/wiki/Encarnaci%C3%B3n_Ezcurra) . The peinetón is a one-piece headdress (/wiki/Headdress) with a slightly convex body, with both sides fretworked (/wiki/Fretwork) and profusely decorated. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) It is made up of two well-differentiated parts: the comb, which fulfills the functional role of securing the peinetón to the hair, and the field, the visible area that features the ornamentation. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Root noted that peinetones "could have from six to fourteen teeth and weigh 1.65 pounds (750 grams)". [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) They were typically made out of tortoiseshell (/wiki/Tortoiseshell) , although the cheaper bull's horn (/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)) was also used, [7] (#cite_note-LP-8) particularly when the former was in short supply. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Ivory (/wiki/Ivory) , nacre (/wiki/Nacre) and silver (/wiki/Silver) were also used to a lesser extent. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) In the General Archive of the Nation (/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Nation_(Argentina)) there are numerous inventories of pulperías where peinetones made of talco ( lit. ' talc (/wiki/Talc) ' ) are also mentioned. [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) There are no known references as to the material they are referring to, although it may have been some kind of plaster (/wiki/Plaster) . [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) The term peinetón comes from peineta (/wiki/Peineta_(comb)) (a traditional Spanish headpiece), which itself comes from peine ( English (/wiki/English_language) : "comb"). [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) The word originated in Argentina and is unlikely to be found in Spanish-language dictionaries, [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) such as the Royal Spanish Academy (/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy) 's Diccionario de la lengua española (/wiki/Diccionario_de_la_lengua_espa%C3%B1ola) , which only includes the word peineta . [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) It is an augmentative (/wiki/Augmentative) , resulting from adding the suffix (/wiki/Suffix) -ón to the word peineta . [14] (#cite_note-15) According to fashion historian Regina A. Root, peinetón "might translate into English as something more elaborate than a 'grandiose comb'." [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) The accessory was called peineta and peinetón interchangeably, while the local English-language newspaper The British Packet, and Argentine News (/wiki/The_British_Packet,_and_Argentine_News) simply used the word "comb" for both. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) According to the written and iconographic (/wiki/Iconographic) sources of the time, the peineta had fallen into disuse during the popularity of the peinetón , so it is understood that when they use the word peineta they are actually referring to the peinetón . [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) However, today these two names are well differentiated by Argentine modern museum cataloging (/wiki/Cataloging_(library_science)) , which defines the categories of peineta (measuring less than 28 cm.), small peinetones (measuring between 28 and 35 cm.) and peinetones (measuring more than 35 cm.). [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) According to their shape, historian Horacio Botalla classified peinetones as oval, bell-shaped, rod-shaped and trapezoidal (/wiki/Trapezoidal) , [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) with the first two being the ones that "allowed for more narrative designs". [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) Judging by the lithographs of the time, most women opted for the trapeze-like style. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) In terms of ornamentation, Botalla pointed out that they include plant and animal motifs typical of Neoclassicism (/wiki/Neoclassicism) . [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) For her part, researcher Serafina Perri differentiated the French neoclassical (/wiki/Neoclassicism_in_France) style from the "organic" style. The former includes "pearls, frets, meanders (/wiki/Meander) , lozenges (/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)) , ovas, waves, palmettes (/wiki/Palmette) , scrolls, grids, ribbons, loops, spirals, seed beads (/wiki/Seed_bead) , feathers, glasses, baskets, musical instruments, acanthus (/wiki/Acanthus_(ornament)) leaves, firebrands, Phrygian caps (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) , initials, inscriptions and names"; while the latter represents "elements taken from nature, phytomorph (/wiki/Plant_morphology) motifs, leaves and flowers, roses, daisies, sunflowers, poppies, even a tree of life (/wiki/Tree_of_life) (in [Buenos Aires'] Saavedra Museum collection) and zoomorphs (/wiki/Zoomorph) , butterflies, birds and dragonflies." [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Origin [ edit ] Charles Pellegrini (/wiki/Charles_Pellegrini) . Mr. Manuel Mateo Masculino López , c. 1834 . Masculino was the most prominent and influential peinetón manufacturer. This portrait is a sign of his resulting economic prosperity, and depicts him next to an unfolded plan of one of his creations. [15] (#cite_note-hilario-16) There are not enough sources to determine when the peinetón emerged or if it had an inventor. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) Its origin is commonly attributed to manufacturer Manuel Mateo Masculino, [8] (#cite_note-mnba-9) including fashion sociologist (/wiki/Sociologist) Susana Saulquin in her 2006 book Historia de la moda argentina . [5] (#cite_note-Saulquin43-6) Nevertheless, other authors have rejected the idea that a single designer invented the peinetón , with Hallstead pointing out that it "was a product established and made popular by elite females, for females ." [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) For her part, Root stated told Página/12 (/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12) in 2013: "We cannot affirm that Masculino was the creator of the peineton as we know it, but it is clear that he was its major disseminator. It is most likely that the peinetón was a creation of the market and competition." [12] (#cite_note-las12-13) Masculino was responsible for many of the most popular designs for the accessory and quickly promoted himself in the press when he launched new models. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) Masculino was born in 1797 in Spain and arrived to Buenos Aires in 1823, as local newspaper Argos de Buenos Aires stated on April 16 of that year: "Manuel Masculino, manufacturer of ivory combs and tortoiseshell peinetas of various tastes, has arrived in this city to stay. Masculino offers the machines of his invention for mass production of combs." [16] (#cite_note-loca-17) It can be inferred that he also lived for some time in Montevideo, since his children María and Encarnación Masculino were born there in 1830 and 1831 respectively. [16] (#cite_note-loca-17) Masculino opened his first store in 1825—two years after his arrival to Buenos Aires—and was soon imitated by other businessmen such as Custodio Peis, Martín Suárez and Salvador Videla. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) Its origin goes back to the traditional Spanish peineta , which was introduced to the Río de la Plata (/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata) around 1815. [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) As early as 1824, a special interest in creating and crafting ever larger and more extravagant peinetas began. [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) Some modern authors point out that the peinetón actually derived from the tall and ornate hairstyles that appeared in French fashion plates (/wiki/Fashion_plates) , including the chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) style and the tortoiseshell combs known as peigne "a la girafe" . [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) These combs became popular in Paris in 1827, after the giraffe Zarafa (/wiki/Zarafa_(giraffe)) —a gift from Muhammad Ali of Egypt (/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt) to King Charles X of France (/wiki/Charles_X_of_France) —arrived to Paris (/wiki/Paris) and unleashed a fashion influenced by the animal, including hairstyles. [17] (#cite_note-giraffe-18) Nevertheless, the accessory was more likely a synthesis of both the Spanish and French styles, [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) with researcher Susan Hallstead describing it as a result of transculturation (/wiki/Transculturation) and an "Argentine product that reconciles complete cultural independence and blatant imitation." [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) She further noted that: While the peinetón was not derived from any indigenous (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina) article of clothing, it was however, a product formed from several exterior sources (particularly Spanish and French) and modified in the Argentine context. Perhaps the peinetón could best be understood as an Argentine example of "selective appropriation (/wiki/Appropriation_(sociology)) " [...] whereby certain markers or products considered "modern" (because of their West European origins) are appropriated by colonial and post-colonial peripheries in an attempt to "appear" transformed while maintaining——or in the case of Argentina, creating——a certain sense of individuality from colonial imposition. [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) Production and manufacture [ edit ] View of the Plaza de la Victoria—today the Plaza de Mayo (/wiki/Plaza_de_Mayo) —as depicted by Charles Pellegrini in 1831. The peinetón business was concentrated in the commercial area surrounding the square (/wiki/Town_square) , which was the central axis of the city. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) The production of the peinetón was concentrated in the commercial area located in the surroundings of the Plaza de la Victoria (known today as the Plaza de Mayo (/wiki/Plaza_de_Mayo) ), the main axis of the city. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) There were located the businesses dedicated exclusively to the sale of peinetones , as well as those that had other items but still sold the accessory. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Peinetones could be bought directly from the manufacturers in their factory or in their commercial premises, but also in multi-purpose and convenience stores and, in their heyday, it is recorded that they were even sold in a furniture store and in a crockery store. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Although it cannot be certain that the peinetón involved an industrial mode of production, some elements may suggest it, including the large volume of production, the division of labour (/wiki/Division_of_labour) and the use and improvement of machinery that would allow greater production in less time. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) A large number of combs were exported abroad, as indicated by the records of cargo ships published in The British Packet, and Argentine News (/wiki/The_British_Packet,_and_Argentine_News) , an English-language weekly newspaper edited by the British community in Buenos Aires. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) In fact, Perri suggests that the peinetón could be considered the first Argentine manufacture to be exported, contradicting the widespread idea that this did not happen until the arrival of the so-called "agro-export model" [note 2] (#cite_note-agro-20) decades later: If we consider that at that time all exports consisted exclusively of raw materials, tallow, jerky, ostrich feathers, dried cow skins, chinchilla, otter, wood, antlers, sugar, salt, etc., this export is an extraordinary fact because it was the first Argentine manufactured product to be sent abroad long before the so-called agro-export model of the late 19th century promoted the export of frozen meat and wheat as the only production that could be exported. This model did not take into account, did not recognize or did not care to consider that a manufactured product, the peinetón , could have been shipped abroad long before refrigerated meat in 1868. The result of this divorce could be the best explanation for the absence of the peinetón from the list of technical productions, the most significant activities of the city, artisanal productions, small industries or artistic creations. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) The manufacture of a peinetón was a laborious process that involved skilled artisans. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) According to historian Alejo González Garaño, the workers that manufactured the peinetón were lower-class black slaves or freedmen (/wiki/Freedmen) —including women and children—who were trained in the trade and many times "turned out to be eminent craftsmen as chiselers, engravers, color enamellers, setters, draughtsmen, etc." [19] (#cite_note-garaño-21) Likewise, Perri claims that peinetón fabrication was "divided by caste: free Spaniards and mulatos (/wiki/Mulatto) became workshop bosses or foremen, black slaves or freedmen including women and children carried out the manufacture." [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) She cited a notice signed by Juan Bracco, a comb manufacturer based at 214 Cuyo street, who requested "(…) 1 or 2 young people of color come down to teach him the trade." [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) The fabrication included various phases: boiling, melting, fusing, making the comb, hand molding and polishing (/wiki/Polishing) . [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) The material arrived in pieces or sheets already cast (/wiki/Casting) , which were then cut and fused in the workshops. [8] (#cite_note-mnba-9) To do this, the artisans boiled the pieces in salt water to soften them, [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) and then fused them by welding the resulting plates by applying pressure. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Usage and depictions [ edit ] Charles Pellegrini. Mrs. Lucía Carranza de Rodríguez Orey , 1831. Jacobo Fiorini. Mrs. Candelaria Somellera de Espinoza , c. 1830–1834 . In these portrait paintings (/wiki/Portrait_painting) , two elite (/wiki/Elite) women of Buenos Aires share the same style of Romantic-era fashion, [note 1] (#cite_note-romantic-4) despite their age difference, wearing white dresses with large, voluminous sleeves and a small waist. What differentiates them is the arrangement of their hair and the size of their peinetón . [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) As tortoiseshell was an expensive imported raw material, it is generally accepted that the peinetón was a luxury item (/wiki/Luxury_item) whose use was reserved for elite women. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) [12] (#cite_note-las12-13) [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) However, some fashion historians like Saulquin and Root argue that the peinetón was used by women of all social classes. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) The latter points out that one of the first lithographs published by César Hipólito Bacle shows an Afro-Argentine (/wiki/Afro-Argentine) woman wearing the headpiece while going to a pulpería . [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) Nevertheless, Root also noted that the peinetón remained inaccessible to many and cited a section from the popular gazette La Gaucha , which documented the feelings of an impoverished street vendor who aspired to be able to buy a peinetón to wear at the patriotic celebrations on May 25. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) The use of the peinetón was a local addition to the over-the-top fashion of the Romantic era, [note 1] (#cite_note-romantic-4) , [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) [23] (#cite_note-Saulquin39-25) [24] (#cite_note-uruguay-26) a period noted for its highly elaborate hairstyles. [17] (#cite_note-giraffe-18) Porteño women's fashion of the period was based on French styles, with women wearing their peinetón alongside dresses with small waists and large, voluminous sleeves. [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) The growth of the peinetón accompanied in a proportionate way that of the sleeves and the skirts (extended with multiple layers of superimposed petticoats), which "transformed the ladies into true walking hourglasses." [15] (#cite_note-hilario-16) According to iconographic sources, most dresses were pink, red, brown, pale yellow or white, [25] (#cite_note-Saulquin40-27) shades that were also fashionable in Europe in the 1830s. [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) When going out, women usually wore their peinetón together with a rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) , which was worn over the accessory or rested on the shoulders. [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) Evidence of this are the notices of lost peinetones , in which women detailed the colors and designs of the rebozo that accompanied the accessory at the time of its loss. [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) Eventually, the size of the peinetón became so large that the passage of women on the narrow sidewalks of the city became complicated, so a police ordinance was issued regulating the right of way (/wiki/Right-of-way_(property_access)) for those who walked on the right hand side. [26] (#cite_note-Saulquin41-28) The high popularity of the peinetón resulted in an intense literary, graphic, artistic and journalistic production both for and against the accessory. There are numerous iconographic sources that depict the fashion, [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) such as the portraits of elite ladies of Buenos Aires and Montevideo by artists including Charles Pellegrini (/wiki/Charles_Pellegrini) , Jacobo Fiorini, Jean-Philippe Goulu, Carlos Morel (/wiki/Carlos_Morel_(painter)) , Fernando García del Molino (/wiki/Fernando_Garc%C3%ADa_del_Molino) , Amadeo Gras, Gaetano Gallino and Adolphe Hastrel de Rivedoux (/wiki/Adolphe_Hastrel_de_Rivedoux) . [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) Among them, Pellegrini's extensive pictorial production stands out, and he has been described as the "graphic historian of peinetones ", with the trajectory of the peinetón fashion coulding be followed through his portrait paintings. [27] (#cite_note-29) Two fashion lithographs (/wiki/Lithographs) from c. 1833–1834 published in César Hipólito Bacle's costumbrist (/wiki/Costumbrist) Trages y costumbres de la provincia de Buenos Ayres [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ], showing porteño ladies in "walking dress" (left) and "summer dress" (right) . Peinetones were usually worn together with a rebozo (/wiki/Rebozo) , which was worn over the accessory or rested on the shoulders. [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) One of the fundamental visual representations of the fashion for peinetones was a series of lithographs (/wiki/Lithographs) produced by César Hipólito Bacle for his collection of prints Trages y costumbres de la provincia de Buenos Ayres [ sic (/wiki/Sic) ] (English: "Dress and customs of the province of Buenos Aires"). [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) It was published in the form of an album and consisted of thirty-six lithographs classified in six booklets ( cuadernos ), each one dedicated to a peculiarity of Buenos Aires' urban life; [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) being framed within the genre of costumbrismo (/wiki/Costumbrismo) . [28] (#cite_note-unlp-30) The peinetón was first depicted in the 1833 highly successful second edition of Trages y costumbres de la provincia de Buenos Ayres , whose second booklet is dedicated to representing the feminine clothing of porteño women. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) A 1833 lithograph published by César Hipólito Bacle shows two Buenos Aires ladies in their morning dresses, who appear without peinetones . This indicates that the use of the peinetón was reserved for social and public life. [4] (#cite_note-devenires-5) [2] (#cite_note-marino-2) On October 29, 1831, The British Packet dedicated an article to the peinetón titled "The Comb", in which the editor declared: How shall we describe the immense comb, which now forms so prominent a part of the head-dress of the fashionable fair of Buenos Ayres, its fretwork with ornaments, and the graceful mode in which it is arranged in the hair—truly we might exclaim with the "noble Poet," 'I can't describe it, though so much it strike, Nor liken it,—I never saw the like.' [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) From Buenos Aires, the use of the peinetón notably expanded to Montevideo, where it also came to define the local fashion of the period, [24] (#cite_note-uruguay-26) as well as Asunción (/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n) , Paraguay. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) Some authors claim that the use of the peinetón also reached Santiago (/wiki/Santiago) , Chile and Asunción (/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n) , Paraguay. [7] (#cite_note-LP-8) "[...] see this new group advancing, and in the middle this superb person wearing proudly, but with majesty, a head adorned with roses and a magnificent peinetón ! Wouldn't one say Calypso (/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)) in the midst of her nymphs? — One of the accounts of French naturalist (/wiki/Naturalist) Arsène Isabelle about his 1834 stay in Buenos Aires, from his 1835 book Voyage à Buénos-Ayres et à Porto-Alègre . [29] (#cite_note-Isabelle240-31) Two of the most valuable testimonies regarding the fashion for the peinetón come from the travelers chronicles of French naturalists Alcide d'Orbigny (/wiki/Alcide_d%27Orbigny) and Arsène Isabelle. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) D'Orbigny's account of the Buenos Aires peinetones has become an "obligatory reference for almost all subsequent studies on the [accessory]." [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) After praising porteño women's taste in fashion and their seductive use of the hand fan, he expresses amazement at the size of their peinetones : [28] (#cite_note-unlp-30) A particular adornment will always distinguish a porteña from every other woman in the world; an adornment that she cherishes as much as her own life. This adornment is an immense comb that draws a wide convex fan on her head, more or less rich, more or less ornate, according to the rank and wealth of the wearer, but it follows her everywhere, only the accessories vary. D'Orbigny's testimony shows how the peinetón ' s popularity continued to grow in the late 1820s. [3] (#cite_note-thesis-3) A 1836 watercolor painting (/wiki/Watercolor_painting) by Benoît Darondeau (/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Darondeau) depicting a woman from Montevideo (/wiki/Montevideo) in ball dress (/wiki/Ball_dress) . A section from Charles Darwin (/wiki/Charles_Darwin) 's The Voyage of the Beagle (/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Beagle) , written on an occasion at a provincial estancia outside of Buenos Aires, suggests that provincial men were proud of the elegance of porteño women and their peinetones : [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) [...] he had one question to ask me [...] I trembled to think how deeply scientific it would be: it was, "Whether the ladies of Buenos Ayres were not the handsomest in the world." I replied, like a renegade, "Charmingly so." He added, "I have one other question: Do ladies in any other part of the world wear such large combs?" I solemnly assured him that they did not. They were absolutely delighted. The captain exclaimed, "Look there! a man who has seen half the world say s it is the case; we always thought so, but now we know it." My excellent judgment in combs and beauty procured me a most hospitable reception [...]. [30] (#cite_note-32) Isabelle wrote in 1834: Nothing is as imposing as the attitude of a porteña in public! Nothing lends itself more to this air [...] than the way in which they adorn their heads, in which they carry it, accompanying each of its movements with a gesture of arms so soft, so natural, with a turn of hand so light, so often repeated, but so imperceptible that one hardly understands the rapid play of the fan, opening and closing unceasingly! They have a whole edifice of hair on their heads, and it must be so to accompany cut or full combs ( peinetones ) whose size reached, in 1834, up to one meter and one decimeter of width! ( cinco cuartas ). [31] (#cite_note-Isabelle190-33) In Montevideo, poet Francisco Acuña de Figueroa (/wiki/Francisco_Acu%C3%B1a_de_Figueroa) —under the pseudonym Cid Frageiro Fonseca—criticized the trend in a column of newspaper El Investigador of January 23, 1833, titled "Down with peinetas !!". [24] (#cite_note-uruguay-26) Sociological implications [ edit ] " Peinetones at the Street" (1834). Lithograph number two from the fifth booklet of Bacle's Trajes y costumbres de la provincia de Buenos Aires . The text reads: "Damn the peinetones ! / Disperse yourselves gentlemen! / Oh! She has emptied my eye!". [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) This caricature (/wiki/Caricature) critiques the presence of women in public space (/wiki/Public_space) , hindering the lives of men due to their large peinetones . [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) Several authors interpret the fashion of extravagant peinetones as a way for women to burst in and reaffirm themselves in public space (/wiki/Public_space) , at a time when they were heavily relegated to domestic life. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) [13] (#cite_note-Fashion:_The_Whole_Story-14) According to Root: Authors and artists alike used the ambiguity of the peinetón , which equated a woman's comb with public participation, to reflect on the breakdown of rigid gender roles and the transformation of public spaces. Shattering expectations, the emblematic peinetón called into question the exclusivity of male participation in the public sphere by allowing women to improvise their citizenship individually and collaboratively. Engaging fashion as presence, women took their vision of independence to the streets of Buenos Aires. They were promptly reminded, however, that their fashionable crowns granted reign over domestic obligations and not over the streets of Buenos Aires. [1] (#cite_note-Root-1) Hallstead wrote: [...] the peinetón represented a sort of anomaly: it was overtly public but limiting, it permitted female consumption which only ultimately served to boast male potency, it mandated additional space for females in the public arena while simultaneously inhibiting functional participation because of its size, and it called attention to the female body in the public sphere while it also served to spark debate on the "true" purpose of the female (domesticity, motherhood, modesty, etc.) as opposed "public" women. [10] (#cite_note-hallstead-11) Writing for The Fashion Studies Journal , Inés Corujo-Martín noted: ... within the nation-building process, women of postcolonial Argentina wore the peinetón fashionably to assert their presence in the public and political spheres, gaining unprecedented social visibility. The high price of the peinetón became progressively linked to female prostitution, which helps to explain the quick demise of the peinetón from the streets of Buenos Aires and its final disappearance in 1837. The rise and decline of this accessory is intimately linked to the reconfiguration of gender roles through fashion in the postcolonial context, a unique historical moment when certain items of adornment became invested with an influential ideological message. The peinetón thus marks a fascinating relationship between fashion, politics, and gender––a theme that needs further exploration. [32] (#cite_note-corujo-34) The peinetón is one of the first manifestations of authentically Argentine fashion. [33] (#cite_note-vestidas-35) Conservation [ edit ] A variety of peinetones in exhibition at the Fernández Blanco Museum (/wiki/Museo_de_Arte_Hispanoamericano_Isaac_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Blanco) in Buenos Aires, 2012. As one of the first manifestations of local fashion, many peinetones are now part of Argentine museum collections, such as the National Museum of Fine Arts (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Bellas_Artes_(Buenos_Aires)) , [8] (#cite_note-mnba-9) the Costume History Museum, [6] (#cite_note-TCH-7) the Fernández Blanco Museum, the Cornelio de Saavedra Museum and the National Historical Museum (/wiki/National_Historical_Museum_(Argentina)) in Buenos Aires, and the Enrique Udaondo Museum Complex in Luján (/wiki/Luj%C3%A1n,_Buenos_Aires) , Buenos Aires Province. [34] (#cite_note-mhn-36) [35] (#cite_note-gaceta-37) In Uruguay, the Historic Museum at the Montevideo Cabildo (/wiki/Montevideo_Cabildo) has in its collection a series of replicas of original peinetones made by Manuel Hugo Paz Morquio in 1953. [36] (#cite_note-montevideoAV-38) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 1820s in Western fashion (/wiki/1820s_in_Western_fashion) 1830s in Western fashion (/wiki/1830s_in_Western_fashion) List of headgear (/wiki/List_of_headgear) Footnotes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c The Romantic era was a period of Western fashion history (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) that took place between the mid 1820s and the mid 1830s, in which costume reflected the movement of the same name (/wiki/Romanticism) that was flourishing in literature, music and graphic arts. [20] (#cite_note-22) [21] (#cite_note-23) Romantic fashion was characterized by a rejection of the clean geometric lines and monochromatic palette of the Neoclassical look, in favor of an extravagant style consisting of multiple layers, colorful patterns and curvaceous shapes. [22] (#cite_note-24) ^ (#cite_ref-agro_20-0) The agro-export model (Spanish: " modelo agroexportador ") is the name given to the period of Argentine economic history (/wiki/Economic_history_of_Argentina) from the end of the 19th century to the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) of the 1930s, during which Argentina was fundamentally inserted in the world market through the export of agricultural products, being the period of greatest economic growth in the country. [18] (#cite_note-19) References [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Root, Regina A. (2010). "Fashion as Presence" (https://books.google.com/books?id=KJeuE2AKec8C&pg=PA61) . Couture and Consensus: Fashion and Politics in Postcolonial Argentina . Cultural Studies of the Americas. University of Minnesota Press (/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press) . pp. 61–94. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-081-664-793-4 . Retrieved September 24, 2021 – via Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Marino, Marcelo (2009). "Fragatas de alto bordo. Los peinetones de Bacle por las calles de Buenos Aires" (https://www.academia.edu/21431298/Fragatas_de_alto_bordo_Los_peinetones_de_Bacle_por_las_calles_de_Buenos_Aires) . In Malosetti Costa, Laura; Gené, Laura (eds.). Impresiones porteñas (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Edhasa. pp. 21–46. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-987-628-049-5 . Retrieved June 26, 2022 – via Academia.edu (/wiki/Academia.edu) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Perri, Serafina (2016). Cuando volaban peinetones en la Alameda: Cuestiones de clase, género y raza, antes y durante el primer gobierno de Juan Manuel de Rosas (Buenos Aires, 1825–1840) (PDF) (master's thesis) (in Spanish). San Martín: Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de San Martín (/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn) . Retrieved June 18, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Lombardi, Rosana; Vaisman, Sara (2021). "Del rojo punzó al celeste cielo (1830–1852)" (https://catedraleonardi.com.ar/v2/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3-Del-Rojo-Punzo-al-Celeste-cielo-1830-1852.pdf) (PDF) . Los devenires de la indumentaria porteña: Buenos Aires 1800-1852 (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Diseño Editorial. pp. 75–105. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-164-360-151-9 . Retrieved June 11, 2022 – via Cátedra Leonardi. ^ Jump up to: a b Saulquin, 2006. p. 43 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Victoria Salías, Marcelo Marino (October 12, 2020). TCH. "De la peineta al peinetón. La moda porteña (1800-1850)". Invitado: Marcelo Marino ( YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) video) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Museo de la Historia del Traje . Retrieved September 27, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Elissalde, Roberto L. (March 25, 2021). "El peinetón, una joya olvidada" (https://www.laprensa.com.ar/500359-El-peineton-una-joya-olvidada.note.aspx) . La Prensa (/wiki/La_Prensa_(Buenos_Aires)) (in Spanish) . Retrieved June 5, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Marino, Marcelo. "Comentario sobre Peinetón de carey con la efigie de Juan Manuel de Rosas" (https://www.bellasartes.gob.ar/coleccion/obra/5058/) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Bellas_Artes_(Buenos_Aires)) . Retrieved June 11, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-pagina12_10-0) Lescano, Victoria. "Una lectura política de los extravagantes peinetones y nuevos rescates de la escarapela" (https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/las12/13-5703-2010-05-07.html) . Las12. Página/12 (/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12) (in Spanish) . Retrieved June 5, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Hallstead, Susan (2005). FashionNation: The Politics of Dress and Gender in 19th Century Argentine Journalism (1829-1880) (PDF) (Doctor of Philosophy dissertation). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh (/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh) . Retrieved July 9, 2022 – via CORE (/wiki/CORE_(research_service)) . ^ (#cite_ref-doscientos_12-0) Aguirre Saravia, Carlos (May 21, 2010). "Doscientos años de moda: los looks del siglo XIX" (https://www.clarin.com/entremujeres/moda-bicentenario-siglo19_0_SJQyrJqPXg.amp.html) . Clarín (/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_(Argentine_newspaper)) (in Spanish) . Retrieved June 11, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Lescano, Victoria (August 23, 2013). "Peinetones exquisitos en el Fernández Blanco" (https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/las12/13-8261-2013-08-23.html) . Las12. Página/12 (/wiki/P%C3%A1gina/12) (in Spanish) . Retrieved June 26, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Fogg, Marine, ed. (2013). Fashion: The Whole Story . Prestel Publishing (/wiki/Prestel_Publishing) . p. 140. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-379-134-761-5 . Retrieved June 12, 2022 – via Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) García, Erica (1970). "Gender Switch in Spanish Derivation (with Special Reference to -a→-ero, -o→-era, -a→- n, -ón)" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44943052) . Romance Philology . 24 (1). University of California Press (/wiki/University_of_California_Press) : 39–54. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 44943052 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44943052) . Retrieved July 21, 2022 – via JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR) . ^ Jump up to: a b Marino, Marcelo; Tudisco, Gustavo; López Méndez, Patricio (July 18, 2021). "El peinetón" (https://www.hilariobooks.com/blog-article.php?slug_es=el-peineton) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Hilario. Artes Letras Oficios . Retrieved July 3, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "La loca moda rioplatense de los peinetones" (http://viajes.elpais.com.uy/2019/06/23/la-loca-moda-rioplatense-de-los-peinetones/) . El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs_(Uruguay)) (in Spanish). Montevideo. June 23, 2019 . Retrieved September 19, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gutton, Marie-Laure. "Peigne "à la girafe" (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/fr/oeuvre/peigne-la-girafe) " (https://www.palaisgalliera.paris.fr/fr/oeuvre/peigne-la-girafe) (in French). Paris: Palais Galliera (/wiki/Palais_Galliera) . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Arceo, Nicolás (2019). "El mercado de trabajo en el modelo agroexportador en Argentina: el papel de la inmigración" (https://doi.org/10.18232/alhe.952) [The labor market in the agro-export model in Argentina: the role of immigration]. América Latina en la Historia Económica (in Spanish). 26 (3). Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora: 952. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.18232/alhe.952 (https://doi.org/10.18232%2Falhe.952) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 11336/121772 (https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F121772) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2007-3496 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2007-3496) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 187381220 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:187381220) . ^ (#cite_ref-garaño_21-0) González Garaño, Alejo (January 1, 1936). "Una típica moda porteña: los peinetones creados por Manuel Masculino". La Prensa (/wiki/La_Prensa_(Buenos_Aires)) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. p. 2, col. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Tortora, Phyllis G.; Marcketti, Sara B. (2015) [1989]. Survey of Historic Costume (6th ed.). Fairchild Books. Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 328. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-162-892-167-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Cunnington, C. Willett (/wiki/Cecil_Willett_Cunnington) (1990) [1937]. English Women's Clothing in the Nineteenth Century: A Comprehensive Guide with 1,117 Illustrations . Mineola, New York: Dover Publications (/wiki/Dover_Publications) . pp. 105–122. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-048-626-323-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Bassett, Lynne Z. (2016). Gothic to Goth: Romantic Era Fashion and Its Legacy . Hartford: Wadsworth Atheneum (/wiki/Wadsworth_Atheneum) . pp. 36–39. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-091-833-328-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-Saulquin39_25-0) Saulquin, 2006. p. 39 ^ Jump up to: a b c Barrios Pintos, Anibal (2001). El silencio y la voz: Historia de la mujer en el Uruguay (in Spanish). Montevideo: Linardi y Risso. pp. 222–224. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9974-559-23-5 . Retrieved June 26, 2022 – via the Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . ^ (#cite_ref-Saulquin40_27-0) Saulquin, 2006. p. 40 ^ (#cite_ref-Saulquin41_28-0) Saulquin, 2006. p. 41 ^ (#cite_ref-29) C.H. Pellegrini: su obra, su vida, su tiempo (in Spanish). Prologue by Alejo B. González Garaño. Buenos Aires: Amigos del Arte. 1946 . Retrieved July 16, 2022 – via Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Fükelman, María Cristina; Reitano, María de las Mercedes (2004). "Bacle: Géneros y técnica en la constitución de una nueva cultura visual" (http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/39652) . II Jornadas de Historia del Arte Argentino (in Spanish). La Plata: Facultad de Bellas Artes. Universidad Nacional de La Plata (/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_La_Plata) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 950-34-0298-0 . Retrieved July 16, 2022 – via SEDICI. ^ (#cite_ref-Isabelle240_31-0) Isabelle, 1835. p. 240–241 ^ (#cite_ref-32) Darwin, Charles (/wiki/Charles_Darwin) (2001) [1839]. The Voyage of the Beagle: Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the World (/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Beagle) . New York: The Modern Library (/wiki/The_Modern_Library) . p. 132. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-037-575-680-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-Isabelle190_33-0) Isabelle, 1835. p. 190–191 ^ (#cite_ref-corujo_34-0) Corujo-Martín, Inés (November 4, 2018). "Notes from the Field: Extravagant Female Fashions in Nineteenth-Century Argentina" (https://www.fashionstudiesjournal.org/notes/2018/11/20/notes-from-the-field) . The Fashion Studies Journal . Retrieved April 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-vestidas_35-0) Ullua, Juliana; Van Peteghem, Inés (2020). "Vestidas en la historia: una mirada a la colección de Indumentaria femenina del Museo Histórico Nacional (Buenos Aires, Argentina)" (https://doi.org/10.31049%2F1853.7049.v.n18.31724) . Anuario de la Escuela de Historia (in Spanish). 11 (18). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_C%C3%B3rdoba) : 69–106. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.31049/1853.7049.v.n18.31724 (https://doi.org/10.31049%2F1853.7049.v.n18.31724) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1853-7049 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1853-7049) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 243546715 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243546715) . ^ (#cite_ref-mhn_36-0) Ullua, Juliana; Van Peteghem, Inés (2020). "Vestidas en la historia: una mirada a la colección de Indumentaria femenina del Museo Histórico Nacional (Buenos Aires, Argentina)" (https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/anuariohistoria/article/download/31724/32550?inline=1) . Anuario de la Escuela de Historia Virtual (in Spanish) (18). Córdoba: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_C%C3%B3rdoba) : 69–106. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.31049/1853.7049.v.n18.31724 (https://doi.org/10.31049%2F1853.7049.v.n18.31724) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1853-7049 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1853-7049) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 243546715 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243546715) . Retrieved July 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-gaceta_37-0) Elissalde, Robert L. (January 4, 2019). "Masculino, el de los inmensos peinetones femeninos" (https://www.gacetamercantil.com/notas/149128) . Gaceta Mercantil . Buenos Aires . Retrieved September 24, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-montevideoAV_38-0) Rosana Carrete (June 20, 2020). Mi pieza Favorita: Peinetones - Museo Histórico Cabildo de Montevideo ( YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) video) (in Spanish). Montevideo: Cabildo de Montevideo (/wiki/Montevideo_Cabildo) . Retrieved July 31, 2022 . Bibliography [ edit ] Isabelle, Arsène (1835). Voyage à Buénos-Ayres et à Porto-Alègre (in French). Le Havre: J. Morlent, Place de la Comédie . Retrieved July 21, 2022 – via the Internet Archive (/wiki/Internet_Archive) . Saulquin, Susana (2006). Historia de la moda argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores (/wiki/Emec%C3%A9_Editores) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-950-042-752-4 . 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Fashion trend Examples of clothing from The North Face (/wiki/The_North_Face) , a brand commonly cited as being popularised by the gorpcore trend. Gorpcore is a fashion trend (/wiki/Fashion_trend) in which outerwear (/wiki/Outerwear) typically designed for outdoor recreation (/wiki/Outdoor_recreation) is worn as streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) . It has been described as "wearing functional outdoor wear in an urban, trendy style". This includes technical (/wiki/Technical_textile) garments such as puffer jackets (/wiki/Puffer_jacket) , hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) and fleeces (/wiki/Fleece_jacket) , and brands such as The North Face (/wiki/The_North_Face) , Patagonia (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) and Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) . While the trend has a practical basis, it has also been embraced for its stylish appeal, with celebrities incorporating outdoor gear into everyday outfits. Coined in 2017, gorpcore emerged as a popular trend in the 2020s (/wiki/2020s_in_fashion) ; some analysts suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) in part influenced this. Etymology [ edit ] The term "gorpcore" was first introduced by writer Jason Chen in an article for New York magazine (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) 's fashion blog The Cut in 2017. The term derives from the term normcore (/wiki/Normcore) and the popular hiking (/wiki/Hiking) snack, gorp (/wiki/Trail_mix) (possibly an acronym of "good ol' raisins (/wiki/Raisin) and peanuts (/wiki/Peanut) ", but likely a backronym (/wiki/Backronym) ). [1] (#cite_note-:22-1) Initially, the term was used ironically to describe outdoors fashion that was seen as "defiantly ugly". [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1997, a website called "gorp.com" expanded the acronym as "Great Outdoor Recreation Pages". [4] (#cite_note-Newsda19980819p114-4) Overview [ edit ] Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (left) wearing a puffer jacket (/wiki/Puffer_jacket) Gorpcore initially referred to the emergence of stylish yet practical clothing, and was further popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) as people were drawn to outdoor activities. [1] (#cite_note-:22-1) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) The trend led to a surge in sales for outdoor gear (/wiki/Outdoor_recreation) such as puffer jackets (/wiki/Down_jacket) and hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) . Some fashion experts believe the trend started well before the pandemic, thanks to celebrities like A$AP Rocky (/wiki/A$AP_Rocky) and Frank Ocean (/wiki/Frank_Ocean) wearing hiking-inspired clothing. [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) Furthermore, certain outdoor brands such as Timberland (/wiki/Timberland_(company)) have long been considered fashionable within various subcultures, such as the hip-hop subculture (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) . High-end fashion brands such as Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) and Moncler (/wiki/Moncler) have also contributed to the trend with collaborations featuring functional yet fashionable designs, such as Gucci and The North Face (/wiki/The_North_Face) 's collaboration announced in September 2021. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Outdoor gear brands like Patagonia (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) , Columbia (/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear) , Mammut (/wiki/Mammut_Sports_Group) , and Arc’teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) have also benefited from the trend, with celebrities such as Frank Ocean (/wiki/Frank_Ocean) , Hailey Bieber (/wiki/Hailey_Bieber) , Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) and Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) seen wearing their products at fashion shows as well as in everyday settings. [1] (#cite_note-:22-1) [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) Gorpcore was a dominant trend in 2023, with fashion experts predicting its longevity and evolution. [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) The essence of gorpcore fashion is centered on incorporating hiking-themed and mountainwear clothing items such as cargo pants (/wiki/Cargo_pants) , hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) , items lined with Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) , technical puffer jackets, hiking boots, fleeces (/wiki/Fleece_jacket) , [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) and other outdoor garments. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) [11] (#cite_note-11) Accessories often include functional fanny packs and crossbody bags, minimal jewelry, and sporty sunglasses. [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) Although the trend typically leans towards looser fits, it allows for customization and versatility. [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) Color schemes are usually either nature-inspired and earthy or bright and bold. Pants often have many pockets or details. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) German rapper DCVDNS wearing a puffer jacket while performing at Splash! (/wiki/Splash!_(festival)) music festival. Popular brands associated with gorpcore fashion include Patagonia, Hoka (/wiki/Hoka_One_One) , Teva (/wiki/Teva_Footwear) , The North Face, REI (/wiki/REI) , Arc’teryx, Black Crows Skis (/wiki/Black_Crows_Skis) , Columbia, Salomon (/wiki/Salomon_Group) , 66North, Outdoor Voices (/wiki/Outdoor_Voices) , Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) , and Free People (/wiki/Free_People) . [2] (#cite_note-:32-2) The demand for the fashion aesthetic has led to a series of new collaborations among fashion and outdoor brands like The North Face and Supreme, Fjällräven (/wiki/Fj%C3%A4llr%C3%A4ven) and Acne Studios (/wiki/Acne_Studios) , and Reformation and Canada Goose (/wiki/Canada_Goose_(clothing)) . Cult brand Sandy Liang (/wiki/Sandy_Liang) frequently incorporates gorpcore elements, such as in their first viral release, a fleece inspired by grandmothers in Chinatown. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) According to Lorna Hall, director of fashion intelligence as WSGN, "Essentially, gorpcore became the new luxury streetwear", which has become apparent in the launch of items like the Jacquemus hiking boots the Dior (/wiki/Dior) x Birkenstock (/wiki/Birkenstock) collaboration, and Prada (/wiki/Prada) 's popular nylon accessories. [12] (#cite_note-12) Gorpcore's appeal has been attributed to its combination of functionality and effortless style as well its association with activities like skiing (/wiki/Skiing) and hiking that are often considered exclusive to the wealthy (/wiki/American_upper_class) . The trend's accessibility through second-hand (/wiki/Second-hand_clothing) and timeless pieces makes it alluring to a mainstream audience. Gorpcore is seen as a form of investment dressing that remains practical even as styles evolve. It also provides a sense of comfort and adventure to its wearers by being prepared for the elements, making it an attractive escape from reality (/wiki/Escapism) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) See also [ edit ] Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Normcore (/wiki/Normcore) Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Surfwear (/wiki/Surfwear) Techwear (/wiki/Clothing_technology#Techwear) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "You May Be Guilty Of 'Gorpcore' And Frankly, We Don't Blame You" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/what-is-gorpcore-trend) . British Vogue . May 8, 2021 . Retrieved May 13, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Gorpcore Is the Sporty Spring Trend Approved by Bella Hadid" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/what-is-gorpcore) . Teen Vogue . April 5, 2023 . Retrieved May 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Chen, Jason (May 25, 2017). "First Came Normcore. Now Get Ready for Gorpcore" (https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/new-fashion-trends-normcore-gorpcore.html) . The Cut . Retrieved May 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Newsda19980819p114_4-0) "Web Sighting: Great Outdoor Recreation Pages" (https://newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-web-sighting/133796465/) . Newsday (Suffolk Edition) . August 19, 1998. p. 114 . Retrieved October 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ike, Noelle; Underscored, C. N. N. (December 2, 2022). "What is gorpcore? Stylists explain the fashion trend and share their favorite pieces" (https://www.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/fashion/gorpcore-style) . CNN Underscored . Retrieved April 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Schneider, Ari. "The North Face And Gucci Tease New High-End Gorpcore Line" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/arischneider/2020/09/27/the-north-face-and-gucci-tease-new-high-end-gorpcore-line/) . Forbes . Retrieved May 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Gucci Teams Up With The North Face" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a34130215/gucci-north-face-collaboration/) . ELLE . September 23, 2020 . Retrieved May 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_8-0) Dacre, Karen (November 26, 2021). "Gorpcore trend peaks again as extreme outdoor wear hits pub and park" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/nov/26/gorpcore-trend-rises-as-extreme-outdoor-wear-hits-pub-and-park) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved April 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) James, Harvey (2022). "WHAT DO ACTUAL HIKERS THINK ABOUT GORPCORE?" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/gorpcore-analysis/) . Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) . ^ Jump up to: a b McCann, Allison (September 19, 2019). "The Fashion Week Diary of Sandy Liang, Fleece Phenom" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/business/sandy-liang-fashion-week-diary.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved May 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Will we ever say goodbye to gorpcore?" (https://www.ft.com/content/21d4ed38-eb59-4bb4-b187-0052bc58cf1d) . Financial Times . March 8, 2023 . Retrieved April 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Wei, Angela (December 5, 2022). "The New Wave of Gorpcore" (https://fashionista.com/2022/12/gorpcore-clothing-luxury-fashion) . Fashionista . 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American fashion designer (born 1989) Emily Adams Bode Aujla Born ( 1989-06-13 ) June 13, 1989 (age 35) Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Georgia [1] (#cite_note-CFDA-1) Nationality American Alma mater Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts (/wiki/Eugene_Lang_College_of_Liberal_Arts) Occupation Fashion designer Notable work Founder of BODE (/wiki/Bode_(fashion_brand)) [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) Spouse Aaron Aujla [3] (#cite_note-gq-3) Emily Adams Bode Aujla (née Emily Adams Bode ; born 13 June 1989, in Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Georgia) in is an American fashion designer and the founder of BODE (/wiki/Bode_(fashion_brand)) . [1] (#cite_note-CFDA-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Bode Aujla was born and raised in Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Georgia and studied in Switzerland. In 2013, she graduated from the Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) and Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts (/wiki/Eugene_Lang_College_of_Liberal_Arts) with a BA/BFA dual degree in menswear design and philosophy. [1] (#cite_note-CFDA-1) [2] (#cite_note-vogue-2) Career [ edit ] The brand was formally launched in 2016. Its initial collection were created from antique textiles. This collection began the brand's cornerstone of storytelling and preservation in American menswear. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In February 2017, she was the first female designer to show at New York Fashion Week: Men's (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , the dedicated menswear shows at the event. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) She was runner-up in the CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund in 2018, won the Emerging Designer of the Year title at the CFDA Awards (/wiki/CFDA_Awards) in 2019, and was an LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) prize and Woolmark prize finalist in 2019 and 2020, respectively. [1] (#cite_note-CFDA-1) Personal life [ edit ] Bode Aujla is married to interior designer Aaron Aujla, cofounder of Green River Project design firm. [3] (#cite_note-gq-3) [9] (#cite_note-AD-9) The two married in the yard of their home. The couple planned the wedding themselves and enlisted the help of their respective brands– Bode (/wiki/Bode_(fashion_brand)) designed the menswear, bridesmaid dresses, lobster bibs, and Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) . The wedding became the inspiration for her 2022 Pre-Fall collection. [10] (#cite_note-Vogue_June_2022-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Emily Adams Bode" (https://cfda.com/members/profile/emily-adams-bode-2#:~:text=Emily%20Adams%20Bode%20was%20born,and%20philosophy%2C%20graduating%20in%202013.) . CFDA . Retrieved August 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sullivan, Robert (January 17, 2023). "Emily Adams Bode Aujla Launches The Long-Awaited Bode Women's Line" (https://www.vogue.com/article/emily-adams-bode-aujla-launches-bode-womens-line) . Vogue . Retrieved August 14, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hine, Samuel (June 6, 2023). "The Making of Emily Bode, America's Next Great Fashion Designer" (https://www.gq.com/story/emily-bode-profile) . GQ . Retrieved August 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Emily Adams Bode is part of the BoF 500" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/emily-adams-bode) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved May 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Lakin, Max (February 5, 2018). "Bode: Men's Clothing Made From Women's History" (https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/mb5jn3/bode) . Garage . Retrieved May 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wray, Adam (May 10, 2019). "Bode is scaling through storytelling" (https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/bode-scaling-collections-through-storytelling) . Vogue Business . Retrieved May 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Emily Adams Bode" (https://cfda.com/programs/designers/nyfw/nyfw-mens/designer/emily-adams-bode) . CFDA . Retrieved May 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Herriman, Kat (June 14, 2019). "The Woman Who Saved Menswear: An Emily Adams Bode Story" (https://www.culturedmag.com/article/2019/06/14/bode) . Cultured . Retrieved May 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-AD_9-0) Kamath, Akanksha (12 July 2022). "Inside designers Emily Adams Bode and Aaron Aujla's whimsical New York home" (https://www.architecturaldigest.in/story/inside-designers-emily-adams-bode-and-aaron-aujlas-whimsical-new-york-home/) . Architectural Digest . Retrieved 29 August 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_June_2022_10-0) Garcia-Furtado, Laia (6 June 2022). "Emily Bode and Aaron Aujla Made (Almost) Everything for Their At-Home Wedding" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/emily-bode-aaron-aujla-at-home-wedding) . Vogue . Retrieved 3 October 2023 . 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American costume designer Nina Chermak Rosenberg Rosenberg in a dress made from a quilt Born 1958/59 Beaver, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Beaver,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) ( BFA (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) ) Occupations Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Stitcher (/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)) Dresser (/wiki/Dresser_(theatre)) Children 3 Nina Chermak Rosenberg is an American fashion (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . Born in Beaver, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Beaver,_Pennsylvania) , Rosenberg would discover her love for design at a young age, and graduate from Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) . Staying in New York City after college, she would work for designers Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) and Alexander Julian (/wiki/Alexander_Julian) before moving to Louisville, Kentucky (/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky) in 2003. Here, Rosenberg would begin her career as a costume designer, stitcher (/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)) , and dresser (/wiki/Dresser_(theatre)) for a number of plays and performances; including Wicked (/wiki/Wicked_(musical)) , Hamilton (/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)) , and Disney on Ice (/wiki/Disney_on_Ice) . She would also begin to work intermittently as a freelance (/wiki/Freelance) designer here, producing two award-winning hats for the Kentucky Derby (/wiki/Kentucky_Derby) . In 2018, Rosenberg began to work in filmography (/wiki/Filmography) , first designing costumes in the Sam Irvin (/wiki/Sam_Irvin) film Engaged to a Psycho (/w/index.php?title=Engaged_to_a_Psycho_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ vi (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engaged_to_a_Psycho) ] . She has since worked on nine other movies, and is married with three children. Early life and education [ edit ] Rosenberg was born in 1958/59 [1] (#cite_note-Ritchie-1) in Beaver, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Beaver,_Pennsylvania) , where she would grow up in a family of eight. [2] (#cite_note-Conley-2) Inspired by her mother Olga who sewed much of what their family wore, Rosenberg would design her first clothing at age 11 – a green shift dress (/wiki/Shift_dress) with a matching triangle scarf. [2] (#cite_note-Conley-2) While enrolled at Beaver Area Middle School (/w/index.php?title=Beaver_Area_Middle_School&action=edit&redlink=1) , Rosenberg would decide to be a designer as her profession. [2] (#cite_note-Conley-2) After high school, Rosenberg would move to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to attend Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) , where she would graduate with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) in Fashion Design. [1] (#cite_note-Ritchie-1) Career [ edit ] Rosenberg would begin her career as fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) in the menswear design/production department for Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) after graduating from college. [3] (#cite_note-Bio-3) From there, she would work for the Alexander Julian Collection (/wiki/Alexander_Julian) , where she would notably become the assistant designer for the uniforms of the Charlotte Hornets (/wiki/Charlotte_Hornets) when they joined the NBA (/wiki/NBA) in 1988. [3] (#cite_note-Bio-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The Actors Theatre of Louisville (/wiki/Actors_Theatre_of_Louisville) , where Rosenberg would often work, in 2012. Rosenberg would later move to Louisville, Kentucky (/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky) in 2003, [1] (#cite_note-Ritchie-1) [2] (#cite_note-Conley-2) where she would begin to work as a costume stitcher (/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)) and dresser (/wiki/Dresser_(theatre)) for plays at the Actors Theatre of Louisville (/wiki/Actors_Theatre_of_Louisville) and Humana Festival (/wiki/Humana_Festival_of_New_American_Plays) that took place there. [3] (#cite_note-Bio-3) Being an IATSE (/wiki/IATSE) member as well, Rosenburg would also work in the costume department as a at The Kentucky Center for the Performing Arts (/wiki/The_Kentucky_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts) , KFC Yum! Center (/wiki/KFC_Yum!_Center) , and Palace Theatres (/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(Louisville,_Kentucky)) . [3] (#cite_note-Bio-3) In her career, Rosenberg would work on numerous shows; including Wicked (/wiki/Wicked_(musical)) , Motown: The Musical (/wiki/Motown:_The_Musical) , Aladdin (/wiki/Aladdin_(2011_musical)) , and Hamilton (/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)) , as well as performances for Cirque du Soleil (/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil) , Disney on Ice (/wiki/Disney_on_Ice) , Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) , Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) , Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) , Nick Jonas (/wiki/Nick_Jonas) , Selena Gomez (/wiki/Selena_Gomez) , Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) and the character " Madea (/wiki/Madea) ". [3] (#cite_note-Bio-3) Freelance fashion design [ edit ] Since leaving New York City, Rosenberg has also worked intermittently as a freelance (/wiki/Freelance) fashion designer; creating hats, special-occasion dresses, children's clothing, and other accessories. [1] (#cite_note-Ritchie-1) Key aspects of Rosenberg's freelance design include adding texture, subtle details, asymmetric patterns, comfortable fabrics, and vintage (/wiki/Vintage_(design)) characteristics into her works. [1] (#cite_note-Ritchie-1) Rosenberg has found most success with her hats working freelance, which she has sold on Etsy (/wiki/Etsy) , as well as entered into competitions for the Kentucky Derby (/wiki/Kentucky_Derby) . [1] (#cite_note-Ritchie-1) To date, Rosenberg has won two such competitions; first in 2007 for the " Chrysler Sebring (/wiki/Chrysler_Sebring) Hats Off to the Derby" hat design contest, in which she won the convertible (/wiki/Convertible_car) as a prize, and again in 2009 for the ' Courier-Journal (/wiki/Courier-Journal) 's 1st Derby fashion race' with her woven straw hat (/wiki/Straw_hat) titled "Sterling Silver Rose in Bloom". [2] (#cite_note-Conley-2) Filmography [ edit ] Rosenberg has worked as a costume designer or in a branch of costume department for ten films, which are displayed in the table below. [3] (#cite_note-Bio-3) Rosenberg filmography Year Title Director Credited 2018 Engaged to a Psycho (/w/index.php?title=Engaged_to_a_Psycho_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ vi (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engaged_to_a_Psycho) ] Sam Irvin (/wiki/Sam_Irvin) Yes [5] (#cite_note-5) 2018 The Perfect One (/w/index.php?title=The_Perfect_One_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) Nick Everhart (/wiki/Nick_Everhart) Yes [6] (#cite_note-6) 2019 Devil's Revenge (/wiki/Devil%27s_Revenge) Jared Cohn (/wiki/Jared_Cohn) Yes [7] (#cite_note-7) 2020 Becoming (/wiki/Becoming_(2020_horror_film)) Omar Naim (/wiki/Omar_Naim) Yes [8] (#cite_note-8) 2020 Disturbing the Peace (/wiki/Disturbing_the_Peace_(2020_film)) York Shackleton (/wiki/York_Shackleton) Yes [9] (#cite_note-9) 2020 JL Family Ranch 2 (/w/index.php?title=JL_Family_Ranch_2&action=edit&redlink=1) Sean McNamara (/wiki/Sean_McNamara_(filmmaker)) Yes [10] (#cite_note-10) 2021 Masquerade (/wiki/Masquerade_(2021_film)) Shane Dax Taylor (/w/index.php?title=Shane_Dax_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1) Yes [11] (#cite_note-11) 2023 Desperation Road (/wiki/Desperation_Road) Nadine Crocker (/wiki/Nadine_Crocker) Yes [12] (#cite_note-12) upcoming Red Right Hand (/wiki/Red_Right_Hand_(film)) Eshom Nelms (/w/index.php?title=Eshom_Nelms&action=edit&redlink=1) Yes [13] (#cite_note-13) upcoming Saint Clare (/wiki/Saint_Clare_(film)) Mitzi Peirone (/w/index.php?title=Mitzi_Peirone&action=edit&redlink=1) Yes [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] Nina is married to Richard Rosenberg, an energy broker (/wiki/Energy_broker) , and has three kids named Natasha, Josh, and Olivia. [2] (#cite_note-Conley-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ritchie, Christa (March 24, 2012). "Vintage Inspired \| Nina Chermak-Rosenberg" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/108302654/) . Courier Journal (/wiki/Courier_Journal) . Louisville, Kentucky (/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky) . p. S1 . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Conley, Patti (April 26, 2009). "Derby tips hat to local designer" (https://www.timesonline.com/story/entertainment/2009/04/26/derby-tips-hat-to-local/18398970007/) . The Beaver County Times (/wiki/The_Beaver_County_Times) . Beaver County, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Beaver_County,_Pennsylvania) . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Rosenberg, Nina Chermak. "Nina Chermak Rosenberg \| Biography" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10040413/bio/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lione, Louise (July 21, 1988). "Teal Appeal \| The inside story on how designer Alexander Julian handed the Hornets the hottest look in the NBA" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/624856136/) . The Charlotte Observer (/wiki/The_Charlotte_Observer) . Charlotte, North Carolina (/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina) . p. 21 . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . Assisting designer and project shepherd Nina Chermak […] recalls her first response when the Hornets project came in – disbelief. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Engaged to a Psycho (2018 TV Movie) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8525560/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 25, 2023 . Costume Design by Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Perfect One (2018) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8784388/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . Costume Design by Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Devil's Revenge (2019) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9469842/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 25, 2023 . Costume Design by Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Becoming (I) (2020) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2573372/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 25, 2023 . Costume Design by Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Disturbing the Peace (2020) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5717194/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 25, 2023 . Costume Design by Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-10) "JL Family Ranch 2 (2020 TV Movie) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10302982/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . Costume and Wardrobe Department […] Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Masquerade (II) (2021) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11448490/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . Costume Design by Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Desperation Road \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14633464/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . Costume Design by Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Red Right Hand (III) \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt19244260/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 25, 2023 . Costume and Wardrobe Department […] Nina Chermak Rosenberg ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Saint Clare \| Full Cast & Crew" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9024562/fullcredits/) . IMDb (/wiki/IMDb) . Retrieved August 27, 2023 . Costume and Wardrobe Department [by] Nina Chermak Rosenberg External links [ edit ] Nina Chermak Rosenberg (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10040413/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Nina Chermak Rosenberg (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/nina_chermak) at Rotten Tomatoes (/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes) Nina Chermak Rosenberg (https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/-/3000364179/) at TV Guide (/wiki/TV_Guide) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Movies (/wiki/Portal:Movies) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐bn22c Cached time: 20240712134334 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.382 seconds Real time usage: 1.161 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2863/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31298/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2030/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58903/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.221/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6614945/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 444.571 1 -total 31.21% 138.746 1 Template:Reflist 30.68% 136.381 1 Template:Infobox_person 17.82% 79.210 2 Template:Cite_news 14.80% 65.797 1 Template:Short_description 12.00% 53.354 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 8.98% 39.916 12 Template:Cite_web 8.52% 37.887 2 Template:Pagetype 7.67% 34.088 1 Template:Hlist 7.34% 32.648 1 Template:Portal_bar Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74736659-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712134334 and revision id 1217655596. 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Throughout its history, the costume of ballet (/wiki/Ballet) has influenced and been influenced by fashion (/wiki/Fashion) . Ballet-specific clothing used in productions and during practice, such as ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) , ballerina skirt (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) , legwarmers (/wiki/Legwarmer) , and leotards (/wiki/Leotard) have been elements of fashion trends. Ballet costume itself has adapted aesthetically over the years, incorporating contemporary fashion trends while also updating fabrics and materials to allow for greater freedom of movement for the dancers. The classic ballerina costume with a tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) and pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) debuted in the 1830s. Ballet costume is marked by the innovation in lightweight materials such as tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) , chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) , and organza (/wiki/Organza) . In the early 20th century, productions by the Russian ballet company Ballets Russes (/wiki/Ballets_Russes) had a large influence on fashion design in Paris. Designers incorporated ballet-inspired themes in their creations. Designers that have been influenced by ballet include Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) , Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) , Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) , Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) , Madeleine Vionnet (/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet) , Molly Goddard (/wiki/Molly_Goddard) , and Simone Rocha (/wiki/Simone_Rocha) . History [ edit ] See also: Ballet § Costumes (/wiki/Ballet#Costumes) 17th and 18th centuries [ edit ] Marie Taglioni (/wiki/Marie_Taglioni) dancing the title role in La Sylphide , 1832. Ballet costume originated in the 17th-century royal courts (/wiki/Royal_court) of Italy and France, including that of Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV) . Early costume designs (/wiki/Costume_design) in ballet productions were based on court dress, though more extravagant. [1] (#cite_note-1) All of the performers in early ballets were men, with boys performing the female roles en travesti (/wiki/Travesti_(theatre)) . In the 18th century, as ballet became professionalized and moved from the courts to the theaters, women joined the ranks of ballet dancers (/wiki/Ballet_dancer) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Traditionally, dancers wore heeled shoes, [3] (#cite_note-Brittanica-3) until the 1730s, when Paris Opera Ballet (/wiki/Paris_Opera_Ballet) dancer Marie Camargo (/wiki/Marie-Anne_de_Cupis_de_Camargo) was one of the first to wear ballet slippers instead. [4] (#cite_note-4) She also wore midcalf-length skirts and close-fitting drawers. [3] (#cite_note-Brittanica-3) Until the late 18th century, lead dancers in a ballet company often wore masks. The practice was abandoned after balletmaster Jean-Georges Noverre (/wiki/Jean-Georges_Noverre) [3] (#cite_note-Brittanica-3) and choreographer Maximilien Gardel (/wiki/Maximilien_Gardel) dispensed with them, seeing how they impeded the dancers' movements and the ability to see their facial expressions. Similarly, cumbersome hairstyles and wigs that were not conducive to ballet movements were largely excluded from the stage. [5] (#cite_note-Bennahum2005-5) 19th century [ edit ] Ballet costume has an essential role in facilitating the movements of dancers while "maintaining the integrity of the line of the body". Technical and visual problems with ballet costume are avoided through the creation of well-designed and proportioned clothing. Ballet costume has evolved alongside choreography (/wiki/Choreography) to allow for the display of musculature. [5] (#cite_note-Bennahum2005-5) In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the industrialisation of cotton manufacturing led to the widespread availability of cheap cotton fabrics such as tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) , muslin (/wiki/Muslin) , tarlatan (/wiki/Tarlatan) , and gauze (/wiki/Gauze) . Ballet companies were able to produce new costumes for each production. [6] (#cite_note-Kant2007-6) Ballet costume during the early 19th century mirrored the women's fashions of the era (/wiki/19th_century_in_fashion) . Ballet appropriated high fashion elements, including full sleeves, revealing decolletage, fitted waist, bell-shaped skirts, and more diaphanous (/wiki/Diaphanous) fabrics. Adaptations such as lighter fabrics and raised hemlines (/wiki/Hemline) allowed dancers greater freedom of movement and the audience to appreciate the dancer's footwork. As clothing became less restricted, the natural silhouette (/wiki/Silhouette) was emphasized. [7] (#cite_note-Pound2019-7) L'Étoile by Edgar Degas (/wiki/Edgar_Degas) , c. 1878 Pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) were invented around 1820 [8] (#cite_note-Marshall2018-8) and the archetypal look of the romantic ballerina was provided by Marie Taglioni (/wiki/Marie_Taglioni) in the 1832 ballet La Sylphide (/wiki/La_Sylphide) . Her fitted décolleté bodice (/wiki/Bodice) , diaphanous calf-length tulle skirt, [9] (#cite_note-O'Brien2021-9) and satin pointe shoes laced around the calf provided the template for the ballerina costume. Her ballerina skirt (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) was a shortened version of the 1830s fashion gown. [7] (#cite_note-Pound2019-7) She was the first ballerina to dance a full-length ballet en pointe , and became very popular with images of her widely published. Following her fame, luxury fabrics and corsets were produced bearing the names Taglioni or La Sylphide . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) As ballet emerged as entertainment for aristocrats, the ballet dancer became principally a woman's profession and the reputation of ballerinas declined in the later 19th century. The feminization of ballet was due in part to a larger male audience. [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) Ballerinas were frequently poor, marginalized members of society, regarded more as workers than artists. They were often subject to the attention of lascivious men, sexually commodified, and sometimes forced into prostitution. [12] (#cite_note-12) Styles of ballet costume were influenced by the popularity of romantic narratives of regional and supernatural folklore, such as the sylph (/wiki/Sylph) motif. [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) Towards the end of the 19th century, the classical tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) was codified in St. Petersburg (/wiki/St._Petersburg) during the era of ballet master Marius Petipa (/wiki/Marius_Petipa) . [9] (#cite_note-O'Brien2021-9) During this time, the tutu was shortened and the boxes of pointe shoes were reinforced. [6] (#cite_note-Kant2007-6) 20th century [ edit ] Ballets Russes [ edit ] Performers from the Ballets Russes, c. late 1910s Beginning in 1909, the Russian ballet company Ballets Russes (/wiki/Ballets_Russes) brought high classical ballet to the West, principally in Paris. Fashion designers and haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) were inspired by the influential ballet company. [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) Léon Bakst (/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bakst) was the troupe's principal costume designer in the early 1900s. His designs inspired Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) , who also designed for the company. [13] (#cite_note-Williams2021-13) Trends in Parisian fashion were adapted into ballet costume by Ballets Russes. [14] (#cite_note-14) The dress from Stravinsky's 1910 ballet The Firebird (/wiki/The_Firebird) was influential in fashion design. The Orientalist aesthetic of Ballets Russes influenced the boldly colored trousers and harem skirts (/wiki/Harem_skirt) and trousers of fashion designer Paul Poiret. [7] (#cite_note-Pound2019-7) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) designed costumes for the 1924 ballet Le Train Bleu (/wiki/Le_Train_Bleu_(ballet)) and went on to create ballet-inspired fashions. [13] (#cite_note-Williams2021-13) 1920s [ edit ] Ballets Russes continued to have an influence on fashion into the 1920s. A turning point in the relationship between ballet and fashion was Sergei Diaghilev (/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev) 's 1921 production of The Sleeping Beauty (/wiki/The_Sleeping_Beauty_(ballet)) . [7] (#cite_note-Pound2019-7) The ballet's use of light pastels such as lilac (/wiki/Lilac_(color)) influenced color trends in fashion. The production's bluebird blue costumes inspired Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) to create her signature color "sleeping blue". [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) French fashion designer Jeanne Lanvin (/wiki/Jeanne_Lanvin) 's full-skirted robe de style (/wiki/Robe_de_style) dresses of the mid-1920s and Madeleine Vionnet (/wiki/Madeleine_Vionnet) 's Ballerina dress both had inspiration in the ballerina costume. According to ballet historian Ilyana Karthas, during the 1920s images of femininity (/wiki/Femininity) were promoted in the context of athleticism, exercise, and the physical body. [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) Italian fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) also collaborated with the Ballets Russes, inspired by the surrealistic costuming of Giorgio de Chirico (/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico) in Diaghilev's 1929 production of Le Bal . [13] (#cite_note-Williams2021-13) 1930s and balletomania [ edit ] The 1932 ballet Cotillon was choreographed by George Balanchine (/wiki/George_Balanchine) and starred Tamara Toumanova (/wiki/Tamara_Toumanova) , one of the first Baby Ballerinas (/wiki/Baby_Ballerinas) . [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) Costumes from the production were designed by Christian Bérard (/wiki/Christian_B%C3%A9rard) and made by Barbara Karinska (/wiki/Barbara_Karinska) , who innovated the layering of differently colored tulle. Bérard's designs inspired the glittering tulle gowns that Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) designed in the 1930s. [7] (#cite_note-Pound2019-7) Since the 1930s, ballet costume has inspired the fashion trends of fitted bodices and bell-shaped silhouettes. Materials used for tutus, such as chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) , silk tulle, [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) and organza (/wiki/Organza) were later incorporated into fashion collections. [15] (#cite_note-15) The romantic-era tutu style also had an influence on the design of gowns. In the 1930s, longer dresses with tulle skirts became fashionable, as exemplified by Coco Chanel's 1937 "Etoiles" dress. [16] (#cite_note-Dance2020-16) which drew inspiration from Balanchine's 1932 ballet Cotillon . [17] (#cite_note-17) The balletomania trend of the 1930s and 1940s had a marked influence on fashion. In the early 1930s, ballet fashion was frequently featured in magazines. Ballerinas were also employed as models from the 1930s onward. [18] (#cite_note-Vogue-18) 1940s and 1950s [ edit ] With the advent of synthetic materials, ballet practice clothing such as leotards (/wiki/Leotard) and tights became popular as fashion pieces from the 1940s on. [19] (#cite_note-19) Pointe shoes, designed in the early 19th century, would later be absorbed into fashion in the form of ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flats) and ballet boots (/wiki/Ballet_boots) . In 1941, former ballet student and fashion editor Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) innovated the use of pointe shoes as everyday wear, in part because wartime restrictions did not apply to them. [11] (#cite_note-Moorman2022-11) Due to a shortage of leather, fashion designer Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) commissioned the dance house Capezio (/wiki/Capezio) to produce a range of ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) to match her designs. [20] (#cite_note-20) The ballet flat went on to become everyday footwear. [21] (#cite_note-21) Designers of high fashion and haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) collaborated frequently with star ballerinas such as Margot Fonteyn (/wiki/Margot_Fonteyn) in the 1940s. Couturiers such as Pierre Balmain (/wiki/Pierre_Balmain) designed costume for ballet as well as high fashion. Designers Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) and Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) were both influenced by ballet costume. [7] (#cite_note-Pound2019-7) Costumes designed by Fath for the 1948 film The Red Shoes (/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_(1948_film)) featuring the ballerina Moira Shearer (/wiki/Moira_Shearer) were also influential in creating a demand for ballet-inspired fashion. [7] (#cite_note-Pound2019-7) The fashion house Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , founded by Pierre Balmain (/wiki/Pierre_Balmain) , and the designer Cristóbal Balenciaga (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga) drew inspiration from the aesthetics of ballet costume. The use of feathers in the ballet costumes of ballerina-bird characters in productions of The Firebird (/wiki/The_Firebird) , The Dying Swan (/wiki/The_Dying_Swan) , and Swan Lake (/wiki/Swan_Lake) was also mimicked in fashion. [16] (#cite_note-Dance2020-16) 1960s and 1970s [ edit ] The tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) fabric of tutus (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) , pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoe) , and soft pastel color palettes have all influenced fashion trends. During the late 1960s and 1970s, the clothing brand Danskin produced leotards that could be worn for dance as well as streetwear. Fashion designer Bonnie August (/wiki/Bonnie_August) popularized the look of unitards (/wiki/Unitard) worn under wrap skirts (/wiki/Wrap_skirt) in the mid-1970s. Ballet-inspired fashion designs experienced a revival in the 1970s during the disco (/wiki/Disco) era while athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) incorporated mainstays of ballet rehearsal clothing such as leotards. [18] (#cite_note-Vogue-18) In the 1970s, Dance Theatre of Harlem (/wiki/Dance_Theatre_of_Harlem) founder Arthur Mitchell (/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)) decided that dancers' tights and shoes should match their skin tone (/wiki/Skin_tone) . The dance apparel company Capezio produced brown pointe shoes for the company. [8] (#cite_note-Marshall2018-8) A 1976 collection from Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(fashion_house)) paid homage to the Ballets Russes and Serge Diaghilev. [22] (#cite_note-22) 21st century [ edit ] During the early 2000s, a ballet-inspired fashion trend drawing heavily on warm-up clothing was called "dancer off-duty". In the 2000s, ballet fashion was popularized on film and television through the film Black Swan (/wiki/Black_Swan_(film)) and Carrie Bradshaw (/wiki/Carrie_Bradshaw) 's iconic tulle skirt from Sex and The City (/wiki/Sex_and_The_City) . [23] (#cite_note-TZR-23) The 2000s saw the lines of companies that produce pointe shoes broaden to include skin tones of people of color, including Black women in ballet (/wiki/Black_women_in_ballet) . [16] (#cite_note-Dance2020-16) [24] (#cite_note-Jackson2022-24) A 2020 exhibition Ballerina: Fashion's Modern Muse was held at The Museum at FIT (/wiki/The_Museum_at_FIT) . [16] (#cite_note-Dance2020-16) Balletcore [ edit ] A resurgence in interest in ballerina-inspired fashion in the mid-2020s came to be known as balletcore. The fashion trend drew inspiration from the graceful and elegant aesthetic of ballet dancers, which has been called "hyper-feminine" and embraces both comfort and body movement in a context that explores femininity. [23] (#cite_note-TZR-23) [25] (#cite_note-Glamour-25) The popularity of the trend has been attributed to Gen Z (/wiki/Gen_Z) 's obsession with nostalgia. [23] (#cite_note-TZR-23) Balletcore continued fashion's use of traditional ballet costumes such as ballet flats, pointe shoes, ballerina skirts, leotards, and tights. Athleisure fashions incorporate dancewear elements such as legwarmers (/wiki/Legwarmers) , which are often layered or combined with tie skirts and wrap tops, as well as delicate accessories like ribbon (/wiki/Ribbon) chokers (/wiki/Choker) and ballet slipper (/wiki/Ballet_shoe) -inspired shoes. [25] (#cite_note-Glamour-25) Balletcore continued to rely on lightweight materials such as tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) and satin (/wiki/Satin) , organza (/wiki/Organza) , sheer fabrics, mesh, and spandex (/wiki/Spandex) . Ballet-inspired fashion continues to emphasize soft pastel hues such as pink, peach, baby blue, lilac, and light neutral colors. [26] (#cite_note-CNN-26) [16] (#cite_note-Dance2020-16) In the 2020s, ballet-inspired elements have increased the popularity as a part of the collections of Rodarte (/wiki/Rodarte) and Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , as well as those of fashion designers Molly Goddard (/wiki/Molly_Goddard) and Simone Rocha (/wiki/Simone_Rocha) . [24] (#cite_note-Jackson2022-24) [26] (#cite_note-CNN-26) While principally a phenomenon in women's clothing, ballet has also influenced designs in men's wear and workout wear (/wiki/Sportswear) , with brands creating collections that combined functionality with a balletic aesthetic. [27] (#cite_note-27) See also [ edit ] History of ballet (/wiki/History_of_ballet) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Music and fashion (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Bennahum, Judith (2005). The Lure of Perfection: Fashion and Ballet, 1780-1830 . Routledge. p. 25. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-135-87830-6 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234432/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Xxd8-dYxp0UC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PP1&dq=ballet%20fashion&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=ballet%20fashion&f=false) from the original on 2023-09-16 . Retrieved 2023-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Karthas, Ilyana (2012). "The Politics of Gender and the Revival of Ballet in Early Twentieth Century France" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41678946) . Journal of Social History . 45 (4): 962. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/jsh/shr102 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjsh%2Fshr102) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0022-4529 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4529) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 41678946 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41678946) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Ballet costume" (https://www.britannica.com/art/ballet-costume) . Britannica. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230226162714/https://www.britannica.com/art/ballet-costume) from the original on 26 February 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Guiheen, Julia (4 August 2020). "The History of Pointe Shoes: The Landmark Moments That Made Ballet's Signature Shoe What It Is Today" (https://pointemagazine.com/history-of-pointe-shoes/) . Pointe Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230829101828/https://pointemagazine.com/history-of-pointe-shoes/) from the original on 29 August 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chazin-Bennahum, Judith (2005). The Lure of Perfection: Fashion and Ballet, 1780-1830 . Psychology Press. p. 30. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-415-97038-9 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234433/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gIQFiVm2fcUC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PP1&dq=fashion%20ballet&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q=fashion%20ballet&f=false) from the original on 2023-09-16 . Retrieved 2023-09-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kant, Marion (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Ballet . Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–193. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-139-82719-5 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234434/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iy8SRnmE9ZEC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA187&dq=%22ballet%20costume%22%20cotton%20manufacturing&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q=%22ballet%20costume%22%20cotton%20manufacturing&f=false) from the original on 2023-09-16 . Retrieved 2023-09-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pound, Cath (22 October 2019). "How ballet has inspired fashion" (https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191016-how-fashion-fell-in-love-with-ballet) . BBC . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234954/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191016-how-fashion-fell-in-love-with-ballet) from the original on 16 September 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Marshall, Alex (4 November 2018). "Brown Point Shoes Arrive, 200 Years After White Ones" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/04/arts/dance/brown-point-shoes-diversity-ballet.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230505205218/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/04/arts/dance/brown-point-shoes-diversity-ballet.html) from the original on 5 May 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b O'Brien, Caroline (2021). "Costume" (https://books.google.com/books?id=nTkqEAAAQBAJ&dq=fashion+ballet&pg=PA420) . The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Ballet . Oxford University Press. p. 420. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-087149-9 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234434/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nTkqEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA435&dq=fashion%20ballet&pg=PA420#v=onepage&q=fashion%20ballet&f=false) from the original on 2023-09-16 . Retrieved 2023-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Bateman, Kristen (2 March 2022). "Why Balletcore is Back" (https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/ballet-fashion-trend-2022) . W Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230510104901/https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/ballet-fashion-trend-2022) from the original on 10 May 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Moorman, Katya (13 July 2022). "The History of the Ballet Trend in Fashion" (https://www.nokillmag.com/articles/the-history-of-the-ballet-trend-in-fashion/) . No Kill Mag . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220812025945/https://www.nokillmag.com/articles/the-history-of-the-ballet-trend-in-fashion/) from the original on 12 August 2022 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Toledo, Ricky; Vijandre, Chito (7 June 2023). "How the 'immoral' ballerina turned into a style muse" (https://philstarlife.com/style/351683-immoral-ballerina-turned-style-muse) . The Philippine Star . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234434/https://philstarlife.com/style/351683-immoral-ballerina-turned-style-muse) from the original on 16 September 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Williams, Aimee (2021). "Ballet and Fashion: A Love Affair" (https://thefashionglobe.com/ballet-and-fashion) . The Fashion Globe . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220820032748/https://thefashionglobe.com/ballet-and-fashion) from the original on 2022-08-20 . Retrieved 2023-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "New book explains ballet's fashion influence, from streetwear to Chanel" (https://thedaily.case.edu/new-book-explains-ballets-fashion-influence-from-streetwear-to-chanel/) . The Daily . 19 August 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191205014037/https://thedaily.case.edu/new-book-explains-ballets-fashion-influence-from-streetwear-to-chanel/) from the original on 5 December 2019 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Burnwal, Vishakha (27 June 2023). "The Influence of Ballet in Fashion" (https://fashionlawjournal.com/the-influence-of-ballet-in-fashion/) . Fashion Law Journal . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234935/https://fashionlawjournal.com/the-influence-of-ballet-in-fashion/) from the original on 16 September 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Shadle, Caroline (17 February 2020). "Inside Fashion's Love Affair With Ballet" (https://www.dancemagazine.com/ballet-and-fashion/) . Dance Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230602083559/https://www.dancemagazine.com/ballet-and-fashion/) from the original on 2 June 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Daher, Nadine (27 February 2020). "From Ballerina Flats to Tutus, Ballet Has Left Its Mark on Fashion" (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ballerina-flats-tutus-ballet-has-left-its-mark-fashion-180974296/) . Smithsonian Magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230531153007/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ballerina-flats-tutus-ballet-has-left-its-mark-fashion-180974296/) from the original on 31 May 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Borrelli-Persson, Laird (24 November 2022). "Balletcore: A Look Back at How Designers Have Been Inspired by Dance" (https://www.vogue.com/article/balletcore-a-look-back-at-how-designers-have-been-inspired-by-dance) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230604065129/https://www.vogue.com/article/balletcore-a-look-back-at-how-designers-have-been-inspired-by-dance) from the original on 4 June 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Lee, Heather Vaughan (2019). Artifacts from American Fashion . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 275. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4408-6458-2 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234935/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ikrEEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA275&dq=leotards%20fashion%201940s&pg=PA275#v=onepage&q=leotards%20fashion%201940s&f=false) from the original on 2023-09-16 . Retrieved 2023-09-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Condra, Jill (2008-01-01). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History: 1801 to the present . Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313336652 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) White, Constance C. R. (1998-11-17). "Celebrating Claire McCardell" (https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/17/style/celebrating-claire-mccardell.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101423/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/17/style/celebrating-claire-mccardell.html) from the original on 2016-03-07 . Retrieved 2016-07-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Davis, Mary E. (2010). Ballets Russes Style: Diaghilev's Dancers and Paris Fashion . Reaktion Books. p. 7. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-86189-757-2 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234935/https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1lngCwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PP1&dq=ballet%20fashion&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q=ballet%20fashion&f=false) from the original on 2023-09-16 . Retrieved 2023-09-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Goldberg, Jordan (20 January 2023). "Balletcore Is Definitely A Thing — Here's What Makes The Look Work" (https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/balletcore-trend-2022) . The Zoe Report . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230601042241/https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/balletcore-trend-2022) from the original on 1 June 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, Hannah (9 June 2022). "Ballet Style Is Back. This Time Let's Make It Size Inclusive" (https://www.vogue.com/article/ballet-style-is-back-this-time-lets-make-it-size-inclusive) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230803003908/https://www.vogue.com/article/ballet-style-is-back-this-time-lets-make-it-size-inclusive) from the original on 3 August 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Turner, Elle (16 February 2023). "Balletcore beauty is the romantic update to 'no makeup makeup', and it's universally flattering" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/balletcore-beauty) . Glamour UK . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230330032916/https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/balletcore-beauty) from the original on 30 March 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pryor, Morgan (3 April 2023). "Balletcore is trending: Here's how to get the look, according to stylists and influencers" (https://edition.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/fashion/balletcore-trend) . CNN Underscored . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230504161425/https://edition.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/fashion/balletcore-trend) from the original on 4 May 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Shah, Sadiq (8 June 2023). "Balletcore Is Not Just for Girls" (https://www.mens-folio.com/111930/balletcore-is-not-just-for-girls/) . Men's Folio . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916234938/https://www.mens-folio.com/111930/balletcore-is-not-just-for-girls/) from the original on 16 September 2023 . Retrieved 16 September 2023 . Further reading [ edit ] Mears, Patricia; Jacobs, Laura; Pritchard, Jane; Harden, Rosemary; Lobenthal, Joel (2019). Ballerina: Fashion's Modern Muse . New York: Vendome. 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Hippie (/wiki/Hippie#Art_and_fashion) Hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Gorpcore (/wiki/Gorpcore) Sportswear fashion (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Surfwear (/wiki/Surfwear) Ghetto fabulous (/wiki/Ghetto_fabulous) Bling-bling (/wiki/Bling-bling) Vintage fashion (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) Alternative (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) Androgyny (/wiki/Androgyny_in_fashion) Bohemian (/wiki/Bohemian_style) Emo (/wiki/Emo) Fetish (/wiki/Fetish_fashion) Gothic (/wiki/Gothic_fashion) Lolita (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) Queer (/wiki/Queer_fashion) Skinhead (/wiki/Skinhead) Steampunk (/wiki/Steampunk_fashion) Thrift store chic (/wiki/Thrift_store_chic) Rocker (/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)) Greaser (/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)) Glam (/wiki/Glam_rock) Grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) Heavy metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion) Punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) Skate (/wiki/Skate_punk) Rockabilly (/wiki/Rockabilly) By country American fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States) Canadian fashion (/wiki/Canadian_fashion) Chinese fashion (/wiki/Chinese_fashion) Filipino fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Philippines) French fashion (/wiki/French_fashion) German fashion (/wiki/German_fashion) Indian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_India) Iranian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran) Israeli fashion (/wiki/Israeli_fashion) Italian fashion (/wiki/Italian_fashion) History (/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Japanese fashion (/wiki/Japanese_street_fashion) Nigerian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_Nigeria) Russian fashion (/wiki/Russian_fashion) South Korean fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_South_Korea) Swedish fashion (/wiki/Swedish_fashion) Thai fashion (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Fashion activism (/wiki/Fashion_activism) Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Anti-sweatshop movement (/wiki/Anti-sweatshop_movement) Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) See also Ballet and fashion Capsule wardrobe (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) Chinoiserie in fashion (/wiki/Chinoiserie_in_fashion) Dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Music and fashion (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) Fashion victim (/wiki/Fashion_victim) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) of clothing and fashion History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) Ancient (/wiki/Clothing_in_the_ancient_world) Prehistory of nakedness and clothing (/wiki/Prehistory_of_nakedness_and_clothing) China (/wiki/Popular_fashion_in_ancient_China) Han Chinese (/wiki/Hanfu) Shu (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Shu) Egyptian (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Egypt) Inuit (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) Biblical (/wiki/Biblical_clothing) Greek (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece) Roman (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) Thracian (/wiki/Thracian_clothing) Middle Ages Anglo-Saxon (/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_dress) Byzantine (/wiki/Byzantine_dress) Chinese Liao (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Liao_dynasty) Jurchen Jin (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Jurchen_Jin_dynasty) Yuan (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Yuan_dynasty) Western Xia (/wiki/Fashion_in_Western_Xia) English (/wiki/English_medieval_clothing) Europe 400s–1000s (/wiki/Early_medieval_European_dress) 1100s (/wiki/1100%E2%80%931200_in_European_fashion) 1200s (/wiki/1200%E2%80%931300_in_European_fashion) 1300s (/wiki/1300%E2%80%931400_in_European_fashion) 1400s (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_European_fashion) Korean (/wiki/Hanbok#History) Ottoman (/wiki/Ottoman_clothing) Tocharian (/wiki/Tocharian_clothing) Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing#Lý_dynasty_to_Trần_dynasty_(1009–1400)) 1500s–1820s Western fashion 1500–1550 (/wiki/1500%E2%80%931550_in_European_fashion) 1550–1600 (/wiki/1550%E2%80%931600_in_European_fashion) 1600–1650 (/wiki/1600%E2%80%931650_in_Western_fashion) 1650–1700 (/wiki/1650%E2%80%931700_in_Western_fashion) 1700–1750 (/wiki/1700%E2%80%931750_in_Western_fashion) 1750–1775 (/wiki/1750%E2%80%931775_in_Western_fashion) 1775–1795 (/wiki/1775%E2%80%931795_in_Western_fashion) 1795–1820 (/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820_in_Western_fashion) Directoire style (/wiki/Directoire_style) 1820s (/wiki/1820s_in_Western_fashion) 1830s–1910s Western fashion Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_fashion) 1830s (/wiki/1830s_in_Western_fashion) 1840s (/wiki/1840s_in_Western_fashion) 1850s (/wiki/1850s_in_Western_fashion) 1860s (/wiki/1860s_in_Western_fashion) 1870s (/wiki/1870s_in_Western_fashion) 1880s (/wiki/1880s_in_Western_fashion) 1890s (/wiki/1890s_in_Western_fashion) Edwardian (/wiki/Edwardian_era#Fashion) 1900s (/wiki/1900s_in_Western_fashion) 1910s (/wiki/1910s_in_Western_fashion) 1920s–1950s Western fashion Suffrage Movement period (/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_and_Western_women%27s_fashion_through_the_early_20th_century) 1920s (/wiki/1920s_in_Western_fashion) 1930–1945 (/wiki/1930%E2%80%931945_in_Western_fashion) 1945–1960 (/wiki/1945%E2%80%931960_in_Western_fashion) 1960s-1990s fashion 1960s (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) 1970s (/wiki/1970s_in_fashion) 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) 1990s (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) 2000–present fashion 2000s (/wiki/2000s_in_fashion) 2010s (/wiki/2010s_in_fashion) 2020s (/wiki/2020s_in_fashion) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry) By country and region Indian subcontinent (/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent) Italy (/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing#History) Meiji (/wiki/Japanese_clothing_during_the_Meiji_period) Thailand (/wiki/History_of_Thai_clothing) Western world (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) By clothing Bikini (/wiki/History_of_the_bikini) Corset (/wiki/History_of_corsets) 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Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( May 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Social media personality This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Manisha_Rani) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Manisha Rani" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Manisha+Rani%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Manisha+Rani%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Manisha+Rani%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Manisha+Rani%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Manisha+Rani%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Manisha+Rani%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Manisha Rani Rani in 2024 Born ( 1997-06-09 ) 9 June 1997 (age 27) Munger (/wiki/Munger) , Bihar (/wiki/Bihar) , India Occupation Social media personality YouTube information Channels Manisha Rani (https://www.youtube.com/@ManishaRaniComedy) Years active 2017–present Genres Comedy Entertainment Vlogs (/wiki/Vlog) Subscribers 4.01 million Total views 1.88 billion Manisha Rani (born 9 June 1997) [1] (#cite_note-1) is a dancer, and a social media influencer. She participated in the reality show Bigg Boss OTT Season 2 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_OTT_(Hindi_season_2)) in 2023 where she finished as 2nd runner-up. In 2024, she participated in the dance-reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 11 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_(season_11)) as a wild-card contestant and emerged as the winner of the season. Early life [ edit ] Manisha was born in a middle-class family in the Munger District (/wiki/Munger_district) of Bihar (/wiki/Bihar) to her father Manoj Kumar Chandi and mother Ragini Devi. In an interview, Manisha Rani revealed that her parents were separated when she was 8 years old and she along with her four siblings was raised by her father alone. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Manisha Rani completed her education from her hometown in Munger and then she ran away from Bihar to Kolkata to learn dancing. In Kolkata (/wiki/Kolkata) , she took various jobs like working as a waitress [4] (#cite_note-4) and background dancer. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Career [ edit ] Manisha Rani first appeared on Indian Television in a dance reality show Dance India Dance (/wiki/Dance_India_Dance) Season 5 [8] (#cite_note-8) where she was evicted in the first round itself. After that, she did a small role in the &TV (/wiki/%26TV_(TV_channel)) serial Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari (/wiki/Gudiya_Hamari_Sabhi_Pe_Bhari) in 2020. In 2023, after almost 9 years of struggle, Manisha Rani participated in the reality show Bigg Boss OTT Season 2 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_OTT_(Hindi_season_2)) where she finished as the 2nd runner-up. In 2024, she participated in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 11 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa) as a wild-card contestant and emerged as the winner of the season. Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2020 Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari (/wiki/Gudiya_Hamari_Sabhi_Pe_Bhari) Manisha Guest appearance [9] (#cite_note-9) 2023 Bigg Boss OTT 2 (/wiki/Bigg_Boss_OTT_(Hindi_season_2)) Contestant 2nd runner-up [10] (#cite_note-10) 2024 Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 11 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_(season_11)) Contestant Winner [11] (#cite_note-11) Music videos [ edit ] Year Title Singer(s) Ref. 2022 Sath B Paras [12] (#cite_note-12) 2023 Tinkiya Akshara Singh (/wiki/Akshara_Singh) [13] (#cite_note-13) Jamna Paar Tony Kakkar (/wiki/Tony_Kakkar) , Neha Kakkar (/wiki/Neha_Kakkar) [14] (#cite_note-14) Tu Duniya Meri Tony Kakkar (/wiki/Tony_Kakkar) [15] (#cite_note-15) Nazar Na Lage Payal Dev (/wiki/Payal_Dev) [16] (#cite_note-16) Bolero Preetinder, Asees Kaur (/wiki/Asees_Kaur) [17] (#cite_note-17) Baarish Ke Aane Se Shreya Ghoshal (/wiki/Shreya_Ghoshal) , Tony Kakkar (/wiki/Tony_Kakkar) [18] (#cite_note-18) 2024 Bairan Begani Renuka Panwar, Nit-C References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Million-Hearted Woman: Manisha Rani's Rags To Riches Story \| GlamWorldTalks" (https://www.glamworldtalks.com/manisha-rani-rags-to-riches-story-maisha-rani-biography/) . 3 September 2023 . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Manisha Rani : 'I liked Asim Riaz more than Sidharth Shukla !' , 22 June 2023 , retrieved 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Million-Hearted Woman: Manisha Rani's Rags To Riches Story \| GlamWorldTalks" (https://www.glamworldtalks.com/manisha-rani-rags-to-riches-story-maisha-rani-biography/) . 3 September 2023 . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "From working as a waitress to winning audience hearts in Bigg Boss OTT 2: A look at Manisha Rani's journey" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-working-as-a-waitress-to-winning-audience-hearts-in-bigg-boss-ott-2-a-look-at-manisha-ranis-journey/photostory/103533303.cms) . The Times of India . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Manisha Rani : 'I was locked in a room to force me to Dance!' , 19 June 2023 , retrieved 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Million-Hearted Woman: Manisha Rani's Rags To Riches Story \| GlamWorldTalks" (https://www.glamworldtalks.com/manisha-rani-rags-to-riches-story-maisha-rani-biography/) . 3 September 2023 . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Struggle To Stardom, The Inspiring Journey Of Bigg Boss OTT 2 Contestant Manisha Rani" (https://www.news18.com/movies/struggle-to-stardom-the-inspiring-journey-of-bigg-boss-ott-2-contestant-manisha-rani-8528188.html) . News18 . 8 August 2023 . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Did you know Bigg Boss OTT 2's second runner-up Manisha Rani auditioned for Dance India Dance 5?" (https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/did-you-know-bigg-boss-ott-2s-second-runner-up-manisha-rani-auditioned-for-dance-india-dance-5-1239298) . PINKVILLA . 29 August 2023 . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) गुड़िया हमारी सभी पे भारी - Gudiya Humari Sabhi Pe Bhari - Full Ep - 120 -And TV , 30 June 2022 , retrieved 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Bigg Boss OTT Season 2 : Watch Bigg Boss OTT All Seasons, Episodes and Videos Online" (https://www.jiocinema.com/tv-shows/bigg-boss-ott/3499624) . www.jiocinema.com . Retrieved 22 September 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Tiwari, Vijaya. "Exclusive - Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 11's Manisha Rani on dream come true moment with Shahid Kapoor, elder sister's sacrifices for her and entering the Top 6" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-11s-manisha-rani-on-dream-come-true-moment-with-shahid-kapoor-elder-sisters-sacrifices-for-her-and-entering-the-top-6/photostory/107797912.cms) . The Times of India . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 19 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Sath - B Paras Feat.Md Desi Rockstar, Manisha Rani, Priya Sharma \| New Haryanvi Songs Haryanavi 2022 , 10 November 2022 , retrieved 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-13) #Video \| Tinkiya \| टिंकिया \| #Akshara Singh \| Manisha Rani \| #Bhojpuri Gaana , 30 January 2023 , retrieved 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-14) JAMNA PAAR - Tony Kakkar ft. Manisha Rani \| Neha Kakkar \| Tony Jr.\| Adil Shaikh , 5 September 2023 , retrieved 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Tu Duniya Meri – Tony Kakkar ft. Manisha Rani \| Official Visualiser , 19 September 2023 , retrieved 21 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-16) Nazar Na Lage Official Video \| Payal Dev ft. Manisha Rani \| Youngveer \| Aditya Dev \| Wedding Song , 20 September 2023 , retrieved 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-17) BOLERO - Elvish Yadav & Manisha Rani \| Preetinder \| Asees Kaur \| Rajat Nagpal \| Babbu \| Anshul Garg , 19 October 2023 , retrieved 28 October 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-18) BAARISH KE AANE SE - Manisha Rani & Parth Samthaan \| Shreya Ghoshal \| Tony Kakkar \| Adil Shaikh \| Bhushan K , 7 November 2023 , retrieved 8 November 2023 External links [ edit ] Manisha Rani (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14956439/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Manisha Rani's channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYHU3nB-21PeM1FmmLbergA) on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube_channel_(identifier)) v t e Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa – Dancing with the Stars (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa) Seasons 1 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa#Season_1) 2 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa#Season_2) 3 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_11) Hosts Manish Paul (/wiki/Manish_Paul) Archana Puran Singh (/wiki/Archana_Puran_Singh) Parmeet Sethi (/wiki/Parmeet_Sethi) Mona Singh (/wiki/Mona_Singh) Shweta Tiwari (/wiki/Shweta_Tiwari) Rohit Roy (/wiki/Rohit_Roy) Sumeet Raghavan (/wiki/Sumeet_Raghavan) Ragini Khanna (/wiki/Ragini_Khanna) Kapil Sharma (/wiki/Kapil_Sharma) Drashti Dhami (/wiki/Drashti_Dhami) Ranvir Shorey (/wiki/Ranvir_Shorey) Rithvik Dhanjani (/wiki/Rithvik_Dhanjani) (current) Gauahar Khan (/wiki/Gauahar_Khan) (current) Judges Lauren Gottlieb (/wiki/Lauren_Gottlieb) Ganesh Hegde (/wiki/Ganesh_Hegde) Shahid Kapoor (/wiki/Shahid_Kapoor) Malaika Arora (/wiki/Malaika_Arora) (current) Maksim Chmerkovskiy (/wiki/Maksim_Chmerkovskiy) Sanjay Leela Bhansali (/wiki/Sanjay_Leela_Bhansali) Shilpa Shetty (/wiki/Shilpa_Shetty) Farah Khan (/wiki/Farah_Khan) (current) Vaibhavi Merchant (/wiki/Vaibhavi_Merchant) Urmila Matondkar (/wiki/Urmila_Matondkar) Shiamak Davar (/wiki/Shiamak_Davar) Saroj Khan (/wiki/Saroj_Khan) Jeetendra (/wiki/Jeetendra) Juhi Chawla (/wiki/Juhi_Chawla) Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) Nora Fatehi (/wiki/Nora_Fatehi) Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) Arshad Warsi (/wiki/Arshad_Warsi) (current) Winners Mona Singh (/wiki/Mona_Singh) Prachi Desai (/wiki/Prachi_Desai) Bhaichung Bhutia (/wiki/Bhaichung_Bhutia) Meiyang Chang (/wiki/Meiyang_Chang) Gurmeet Choudhary (/wiki/Gurmeet_Choudhary) Drashti Dhami (/wiki/Drashti_Dhami) Ashish Sharma (/wiki/Ashish_Sharma) Faisal Khan (/wiki/Faisal_Khan_(dancer)) Teriya Magar (/wiki/Teriya_Magar) Gunjan Sinha Manisha Rani Runners-ups Shveta Salve (/wiki/Shweta_Salve) Sandhya Mridul (/wiki/Sandhya_Mridul) Gauahar Khan (/wiki/Gauahar_Khan) Sushant Singh Rajput (/wiki/Sushant_Singh_Rajput) Rashami Desai (/wiki/Rashami_Desai) Lauren Gottlieb (/wiki/Lauren_Gottlieb) Karan Tacker (/wiki/Karan_Tacker) Sanaya Irani (/wiki/Sanaya_Irani) Salman Yusuff Khan (/wiki/Salman_Yusuff_Khan) Rubina Dilaik (/wiki/Rubina_Dilaik) Shoaib Ibrahim (/wiki/Shoaib_Ibrahim) Related articles Dancing with the Stars (/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars) (international) Strictly Come Dancing (/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Bollywood (/wiki/Portal:Bollywood) Music (/wiki/Portal:Music) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Films (/wiki/Portal:Films) Manisha Rani at Wikipedia's sister projects : Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manisha_Rani) from Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐m5t29 Cached time: 20240719050916 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.603 seconds Real time usage: 0.799 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3855/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 73072/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5270/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88946/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.408/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8489243/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 733.696 1 -total 31.03% 227.699 1 Template:Infobox_person 22.62% 165.936 1 Template:Reflist 15.25% 111.903 1 Template:Infobox_YouTube_personality 14.50% 106.364 1 Template:Infobox 12.99% 95.322 6 Template:Cite_web 11.85% 86.924 1 Template:Subject_bar 9.47% 69.482 1 Template:Short_description 8.95% 65.668 2 Template:Ambox 8.79% 64.513 1 Template:Unreliable_sources Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74884540-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719050916 and revision id 1230879964. 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Abstracted clothing style of the 1980s–90s Deconstruction (or deconstructivism ) is a fashion (/wiki/Fashion) phenomenon of the 1980s and 1990s. It involves the use of costume forms that are based on identifying the structure of clothing - they are used as an external element of the costume. This phenomenon is associated with designers Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) , Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) , Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) , Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) and Dries van Noten (/wiki/Dries_van_Noten) . [1] (#cite_note-auto7-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Deconstructivism in fashion is considered as part of a philosophical system (/wiki/Deconstruction) formed under the influence of the works of Jacques Derrida (/wiki/Jacques_Derrida) . [3] (#cite_note-auto9-3) [4] (#cite_note-auto5-4) Term [ edit ] In fashion, the term "deconstructivism" emerged in the second half of the 1980s (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_1980s) and early 1990s (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_1990s) . The principles of this direction were outlined in 1985 in Harold Code's article " Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) and the Aesthetics of Poverty". [5] (#cite_note-auto2-5) In the early 1990s, Harold Koda and Richard Martin introduced the concept of fashion deconstruction in the Infra-Apparel exhibition catalog, [6] (#cite_note-6) where "deconstructivism" was described as a unified trend of the 1990s. It is believed that the term "deconstructivism" in relation to fashion began to be used after an architectural exhibition in 1988 at the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) in New York. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) The work that summarized the basic principles of deconstructivism in the 1990s can be considered the text by Alison Gill "Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes". Gill defined deconstruction in fashion as a term to describe "garments on a runway that are unfinished, coming apart, recycled, transparent or grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) ". [8] (#cite_note-8) General principles [ edit ] Origin [ edit ] Deconstructivism is considered one of the most influential fashion trends of the 1980s and 1990s. [9] (#cite_note-auto3-9) It arose as a reaction to continental philosophy (/wiki/Continental_philosophy) [3] (#cite_note-auto9-3) and can be seen as one of the attempts to present fashion as an intellectual movement. [4] (#cite_note-auto5-4) Designers and critics have emphasized the alternative nature of fashion deconstruction to commercial or runway fashion (/wiki/Fashion_show) , [9] (#cite_note-auto3-9) although this opposition is rather relative. Deconstructivism was focused not so much on the mechanism and rules of the fashion industry, but on philosophy and architecture. [10] (#cite_note-10) Basic elements [ edit ] Deconstructivism is associated with the emergence of a new cutting technique (/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)) that emphasized the structural elements of the costume. At the same time, deconstruction is considered a protest against the style of the 1980s (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) . [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) It is assessed as an attempt to create a new direction in costume both in terms of shaping and in the sense of creating a new fashion ideology. Deconstructivism involves identifying elements of cut in the external appearance of a suit. Designers [ edit ] There are different points of view as to which designers should be considered representatives of deconstruction in fashion. The list of main participants is ambiguous. In some cases, it is limited to representatives of the " Antwerp Six (/wiki/Antwerp_Six) ", with special emphasis on such names as Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) and Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) . [1] (#cite_note-auto7-1) Deconstructivism and the concept of intellectual fashion [ edit ] The idea of resistance, embedded within the framework of deconstruction, implied the desire to see fashion as an intellectual sphere. [4] (#cite_note-auto5-4) The structure of the costume was represented by the intellectual side of the clothing. Under the influence of deconstruction, [3] (#cite_note-auto9-3) a new strategy was formed in fashion - an understanding of fashion as an intellectual phenomenon. Deconstruction in fashion and architecture [ edit ] The emergence of deconstructivism in fashion is associated with the architectural tradition (/wiki/Deconstructivism) . [13] (#cite_note-auto4-13) The starting point is considered to be the exhibition "Deconstructivist Architecture", which took place at the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) in New York in 1988. [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) The exhibition presented works by then little-known artists Rem Koolhaas (/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas) , Zaha Hadid (/wiki/Zaha_Hadid) , Frank Gehry (/wiki/Frank_Gehry) , Peter Eisenman (/wiki/Peter_Eisenman) , Daniel Libeskind (/wiki/Daniel_Libeskind) and Bernard Tschumi (/wiki/Bernard_Tschumi) . [13] (#cite_note-auto4-13) [7] (#cite_note-auto-7) Deconstructivism in fashion and philosophy [ edit ] Deconstructivism in fashion is usually correlated with deconstruction as a philosophical movement - primarily with the works of Jacques Derrida (/wiki/Jacques_Derrida) . Fashionable deconstructivism is presented as a rethinking of the philosophical method formed by representatives of the European and Yale schools (/wiki/Yale_school) . Fashion deconstruction also implies that the fashion system in general, and costume in particular, is erroneously thought of as a structure. Deconstruction in fashion was part of a philosophical movement where the ideas of deconstruction could be expressed in applied forms. For fashion, turning to the philosophy of deconstruction was one of the ways to confirm its intellectual status. [14] (#cite_note-14) Deconstruction and the idea of disorder [ edit ] Deconstructivism in fashion was not a protest against the idea of order as such. [15] (#cite_note-15) It developed as resistance to a certain type of order: deconstructivism assumed the possibility of decentralization (/wiki/Decentralization) of the system (including the fashion system) and the possibility of verifying externally established rules. In fashionable deconstruction, the disorderly was part of an established system. Fashionable deconstruction positioned clutter as a structural element. Deconstruction and anti-fashion [ edit ] See also: Anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) Deconstructivism in costume has become one of the consistent trends built on opposition to the idea of fashion (/wiki/Fashion) . [5] (#cite_note-auto2-5) It became a form of criticism of standard commercial clothing and implied the possibility of a system focused on a philosophical prototype. Deconstructivism suggested the possibility of a new social reference point for fashion. [16] (#cite_note-16) In addition, deconstructivism was one of the first large-scale movements that outlined the very possibility of alternative fashion (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) . See also [ edit ] Antwerp Six (/wiki/Antwerp_Six) Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) 1980s in fashion (/wiki/1980s_in_fashion) 1990s in fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Granata F. Deconstruction and the Grotesque: Martin Margiela / Experimental Fashion: Performance Art, Carnival and the Grotesque Body. London — New York, I.B.Tauris: 2017. p. 74 — 102. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. Pp. 25. ^ Jump up to: a b c Avtonomova N. S. Derrida and grammatology // Derrida J. On grammatology. M.: Ad Marginem, 2000. - P. 7-107. ^ Jump up to: a b c Gill A. Jacques Derrida: fashion under erasure. / A. Rocamora & A. Smelik (Eds.), Thinking Through Fashion: A Guide to Key Theorists. London: I.B. Tauris, 2016. pp. 251—268. ^ Jump up to: a b Koda H. Rei Kawakubo and the Aesthetic of Poverty / Costume: Journal of Costume Society of America, 1985, No. 11, pp. 5-10. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Martin R., Koda H. Infra-Apparel. [Exhibition catalogue]. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. ^ Jump up to: a b c Johnson P., Wigley M. Deconstructivist architecture [Catalog of the Exhibition]. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1988. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. p. 25. ^ Jump up to: a b Wilcox C. Radical Fashion. [Exhibition catalogue]. London: V & A Publications, 2001. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Brunette P., Wills D. Deconstruction and the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Spindler A.M. Coming Apart // New York Times. 1993. July 25. Styles section. Pp. 1, 9. ^ (#cite_ref-12) O'Shea S. La mode Destroy // Vogue (Paris), 1992, May. ^ Jump up to: a b McLeod M. Undressing Architecture: Fashion, Gender, and Modernity // Architecture: In Fashion / Ed. by D. Fausch et al. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Wilcox C. Radical Fashion. [Exhibition catalogue]. London: V & A Publications, 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. pp. 26-27. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Martin R. 1992. Destitution and Deconstruction: The Riches of Poverty in the Fashion of the 1990s. // Textile & Text, 1992, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 3 — 12. Sources [ edit ] Brunette P., Wills D. Deconstruction and the Visual Arts: Art, Media, Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Cunningham B. Fashion du Siècle // Details, 1990, No. 8. pp. 177–300. Koda H. Rei Kawakubo and the Aesthetic of Poverty / Costume: Journal of Costume Society of America, 1985, No. 11, pp. 5–10. Martin R., Koda H. Infra-Apparel. [Exhibition catalogue]. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. O'Shea S. La mode Destroy // Vogue (Paris), 1992, May. O'Shea S. 1991. Recycling: An All-New Fabrication of Style // Elle, 1991, No. 2, pp. 234–239. Further reading [ edit ] Wilcox C. Radical Fashion. [Exhibition catalogue]. London: V & A Publications, 2001. 144 p. Martin R. Destitution and Deconstruction: The Riches of Poverty in the Fashion of the 1990s. // Textile & Text, 1992, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 3 – 12. McLeod M. Undressing Architecture: Fashion, Gender, and Modernity // Architecture: In Fashion / Ed. by D. Fausch et al. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994. Granata F. Deconstruction and the Grotesque: Martin Margiela / Experimental Fashion: Performance Art, Carnival and the Grotesque Body. London — New York, I.B.Tauris: 2017. p. 74 — 102. Gill A. Deconstruction Fashion: The Making of Unfinished, Decomposing and Re-Assembled Clothes // Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture. 1998. Vol. 2.1. pp. 25–49. Gill A. Jacques Derrida: fashion under erasure. / A. Rocamora & A. Smelik (Eds.), Thinking Through Fashion: A Guide to Key Theorists. London: I.B. 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Finnish beauty pageant winner and model (born 2001) Paula Joukanen Born Paula Susanna Joukanen ( 2001-03-19 ) 19 March 2001 (age 23) Helsinki (/wiki/Helsinki) , Finland Occupation(s) Model, law student Height 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Universe Finland 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Finland) Major competition(s) Miss Universe Finland 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Finland) (Winner) Miss Universe 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2023) (Unplaced) Paula Susanna Joukanen (born 19 March 2001) [1] (#cite_note-1) is a Finnish (/wiki/Finland) model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Finland 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Finland) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) and represented her country at Miss Universe 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2023) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Pageantry [ edit ] Miss Universe 2023 [ edit ] Joukanen represented Finland (/wiki/Finland) at the 72nd Miss Universe competition held in El Salvador (/wiki/El_Salvador) on 18 November 2023. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) N'Dure, Christa (20 March 2024). "Paula Joukanen täytti vuosia: paljasti jääneensä kiinni traumaan" (https://uutisankka.com/julkkikset/paula-joukanen-taytti-vuosia-paljasti-jaaneensa-kiinni-traumaan/) . Uutisankka.com (in Finnish). Uutismedia OÜ . Retrieved 11 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Hakala, Salli; Seppänen, Elina (9 September 2023). "Paula Joukanen on uusi Miss Suomi!" (https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000009843969.html) . Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish) . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Jauhiainen, Hanna-Sofia (11 October 2023). "Miss Suomi Paula Joukanen avoimena yllättävästä fobiasta – pelkäsi jopa poistua kotoa" (https://fi.newsner.com/viihde/miss-suomi-paula-joukanen-avoimena-yllattavasta-fobiasta-pelkasi-jopa-poistua-kotoa/) . Newsner Suomi (in Finnish) . Retrieved 12 October 2023 . Awards and achievements Preceded by Petra Hämäläinen Miss Universe Finland (/wiki/Miss_Finland) 2023 Succeeded by TBD v t e Miss Universe 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2023) national titleholders ALB : Endi Demneri (/wiki/Endi_Demneri) AGO : Ana Coimbra (/wiki/Ana_Coimbra) ARG : Yamile Dajud (/wiki/Yamile_Dajud) AUS : Moraya Wilson (/wiki/Moraya_Wilson) BHS : Melissa Ingraham (/wiki/Melissa_Ingraham) BEL : Emilie Vansteenkiste (/wiki/Emilie_Vansteenkiste) BOL : Estefany Rivero (/wiki/Estefany_Rivero) BRA : Maria Brechane (/wiki/Maria_Brechane) KHM : Sotima John (/wiki/Sotima_John) CAN : Madison Kvaltin (/wiki/Madison_Kvaltin) CHL : Celeste Viel (/wiki/Celeste_Viel) COL : Camila Avella (/wiki/Camila_Avella) CRC : Lisbeth Valverde (/wiki/Lisbeth_Valverde) CZE : Vanesa Švédová (/wiki/Vanesa_%C5%A0v%C3%A9dov%C3%A1) DNK : Nikoline Hansen (/wiki/Nikoline_Hansen) ECU : Delary Stoffers (/wiki/Delary_Stoffers) EGY : Mohra Tantawy (/wiki/Mohra_Tantawy) SLV : Isabella García-Manzo (/wiki/Isabella_Garc%C3%ADa-Manzo) FIN : Paula Joukanen FRA : Diane Leyre (/wiki/Diane_Leyre) DEU : Helena Bleicher (/wiki/Helena_Bleicher) GBR : Jessica Page (/wiki/Jessica_Page) GRE : Marielia Zaloumi (/wiki/Marielia_Zaloumi) GTM : Michelle Cohn (/wiki/Michelle_Cohn) HND : Zuheilyn Clemente (/wiki/Zuheilyn_Clemente) ISL : Lilja Pétursdóttir (/wiki/Lilja_P%C3%A9tursd%C3%B3ttir) IND : Shweta Sharda (/wiki/Shweta_Sharda) IDN : Fabiënne Groeneveld (/wiki/Fabi%C3%ABnne_Groeneveld) IRL : Aishah Akorede (/wiki/Aishah_Akorede) ITA : Carmen Panepinto (/wiki/Carmen_Panepinto) JPN : Rio Miyazaki (/wiki/Rio_Miyazaki) LBN : Maya Aboul Hosn (/wiki/Maya_Aboul_Hosn) MEX : Melissa Flores (/wiki/Melissa_Flores) NPL : Jane Dipika Garrett (/wiki/Jane_Dipika_Garrett) NLD : Rikkie Kollé (/wiki/Rikkie_Koll%C3%A9) NIC : Sheynnis Palacios (/wiki/Sheynnis_Palacios) NOR : Julie Tollefsen (/wiki/Julie_Tollefsen) PAK : Erica Robin (/wiki/Erica_Robin) PAN : Natasha Vargas (/wiki/Natasha_Vargas) PAR : Elicena Andrada (/wiki/Elicena_Andrada) PER : Camila Escribens (/wiki/Camila_Escribens) PHL : Michelle Dee (/wiki/Michelle_Dee) POL : Angelika Jurkowianiec (/wiki/Angelika_Jurkowianiec) POR : Marina Machete (/wiki/Marina_Machete) PUR : Karla Guilfú (/wiki/Karla_Guilf%C3%BA) RUS : Margarita Golubeva (/wiki/Margarita_Golubeva) SGP : Priyanka Annuncia (/wiki/Priyanka_Annuncia) ZAF : Bryoni Govender (/wiki/Bryoni_Govender) ESP : Athenea Pérez (/wiki/Athenea_P%C3%A9rez) THA : Anntonia Porsild (/wiki/Anntonia_Porsild) TTO : Faith Gillezeau (/wiki/Faith_Gillezeau) UKR : Angelina Usanova (/wiki/Angelina_Usanova) USA : Noelia Voigt (/wiki/Noelia_Voigt) VEN : Diana Silva (/wiki/Diana_Silva_(model)) VNM : Bùi Quỳnh Hoa (/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Qu%E1%BB%B3nh_Hoa) ZWE : Brooke Bruk-Jackson (/wiki/Brooke_Bruk-Jackson) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Finland (/wiki/Portal:Finland) This biographical article about a contestant in a beauty pageant is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Japanese costume designer (born 1988) The native form of this personal name (/wiki/Personal_name) is Itō Satomi . This article uses Western name order (/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order) when mentioning individuals. Satomi Ito 伊藤聡美 Born ( 1988-05-31 ) May 31, 1988 (age 36) Chiba City (/wiki/Chiba_(city)) , Chiba (/wiki/Chiba_prefecture) , Japan Alma mater Esmod Japon (/wiki/ESMOD) Nottingham Trent University (/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University) Occupation(s) Fashion and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_design) Years active 2013–present Website satomi-ito.com (https://www.satomi-ito.com) Satomi Ito ( 伊藤聡美 , Itō Satomi , born May 31, 1988) is a Japanese fashion (/wiki/Fashion_design) and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_design) known for her works in the sports of figure skating (/wiki/Figure_skating) as well as artistic (/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics) and rhythmic gymnastics (/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics) , equestrian vaulting (/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting) , ballet (/wiki/Ballet) , and ballroom dance (/wiki/Ballroom_dance) . Inspired by the dresses and skating performances of three-time World (/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Championships) champion Mao Asada (/wiki/Mao_Asada) , Ito has designed costumes for multiple renowned figure skaters from Japan and overseas, including a series of more than 30 costumes for two-time Olympic (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu_Olympic_seasons) champion Yuzuru Hanyu (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) , which has been featured in multiple exhibitions and publications in Japan. Two of her works for Hanyu were nominated at the 2020 and 2023 ISU Skating Awards (/wiki/International_Skating_Union) in the category Best Costume , respectively. Early life and education [ edit ] Satomi Ito was born on May 31, 1988, in Chiba City (/wiki/Chiba_(city)) east of Tokyo to a Japanese father and a Thai mother. [1] (#cite_note-KTV190108-1) In her childhood, she aimed to become a comic artist, author or screenwriter. [2] (#cite_note-JF220820-2) Influenced by her mother who was working as a tailor, Ito found a new interest in fashion design and attended a high school with a clothing department. [1] (#cite_note-KTV190108-1) In 2007, she entered the Faculty for Fashion and Creativity at Esmod Japon (/wiki/ESMOD) in Tokyo. At that time, she was following figure skating (/wiki/Figure_skating) events as a hobby, but her focus was on fashion design, naming Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) and John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) as her role models. In 2008, Ito won her first major prize at the Kobe Fashion Contest. [3] (#cite_note-WWD220208-3) After graduating from Esmod, she moved to England to study at Nottingham Trent University (/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University) School of Art and Design. While in Japan the focus was more on the technical aspects of design, in England she learned the "importance of concept-making and presentation skills", with more emphasis on the creation process. These experiences have shaped Ito's approach towards fashion and costume design. [2] (#cite_note-JF220820-2) Designer career [ edit ] Beginnings and success at the 2018 Winter Olympics [ edit ] Mao Asada (/wiki/Mao_Asada) in her free skate program The Bell at the 2010 World Championships (/wiki/2010_World_Figure_Skating_Championships) After her graduation from Nottingham Trent University, Ito aimed for an internship in England or Paris. However, due to visa issues (/wiki/Travel_visa) , she was forced to return to Japan. It was then that a figure skating video of three-time World (/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Championships) champion Mao Asada (/wiki/Mao_Asada) encouraged Ito to pursue a career in costume design. [4] (#cite_note-JBP201013-4) It was Asada's red dress for her free skate program The Bell at the 2010 Winter Olympics (/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Ladies%27_singles) in Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) that impressed and inspired Ito as a designer. [5] (#cite_note-TVA200714-5) However, skating costumes were a very specific sector with few experienced designers and rather little revenue, which made it difficult for Ito to focus solely on figure skating. [4] (#cite_note-JBP201013-4) She joined the Japanese manufacturer company Chacott (/w/index.php?title=Chacott&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88) ] in Tokyo with a specialization in costume design for ballet (/wiki/Ballet) and other performing arts. [3] (#cite_note-WWD220208-3) [6] (#cite_note-WFS230410-6) In 2013, Ito got her first request in figure skating from Japanese single skater Haruka Imai (/wiki/Haruka_Imai) . The costumes were well received by the skating community and led to more collaborations, including her first client from overseas, Russian single skater Elena Radionova (/wiki/Elena_Radionova) . [4] (#cite_note-JBP201013-4) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIce_Jewels202081–84-7) In 2015, Ito became independent and has since designed a variety of costumes for figure skating, artistic (/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics) and rhythmic gymnastics (/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics) , [2] (#cite_note-JF220820-2) [8] (#cite_note-NB220808-8) : 2 equestrian vaulting (/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting) , ballet, and ballroom dance (/wiki/Ballroom_dance) . [9] (#cite_note-WFS230411-9) : 2 [10] (#cite_note-FTN220928-10) The same year, she received her first request from Japanese skater and two-time Olympic champion Yuzuru Hanyu (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) . [2] (#cite_note-JF220820-2) It was the longest collaboration of Ito's career in the following decade, [11] (#cite_note-FS230623-11) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto2021ch._2-12) creating more than 30 different costumes for him by August 2023. [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto2023a-13) In an interview with figure skating journalist Jack Gallagher in 2022, she explained how her skills have notably "improved through the experience of working with Hanyu." [2] (#cite_note-JF220820-2) The culmination of her career followed at the 2018 Winter Olympics (/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles) in Pyeongchang (/wiki/Pyeongchang) , with Hanyu winning the gold and fellow Japanese skater Shoma Uno (/wiki/Shoma_Uno) the silver medal in the men's singles discipline. Both skaters performed in costumes created by Ito, which proved very gratifying to her: "When I was watching the live performance, I wasn’t able to stay calm and relaxed because I was worried about the costumes. The only thing running through my head was, 'Congratulations and thank you for wearing my costumes.' " [2] (#cite_note-JF220820-2) Exhibitions and award nominations after 2018 [ edit ] Yuzuru Hanyu (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) in his free skate program Origin at the 2019–20 Grand Prix Final (/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final) Over the following years, the number of requests steadily increased to 40–50 orders per season, [3] (#cite_note-WWD220208-3) [14] (#cite_note-NHK201116-14) making Ito one of the most sought-after costume designers in figure skating. [4] (#cite_note-JBP201013-4) Among her clients were two-time world champion Evgenia Medvedeva (/wiki/Evgenia_Medvedeva) , Four Continents (/wiki/Four_Continents_Figure_Skating_Championships) champions Jin Boyang (/wiki/Jin_Boyang) , Satoko Miyahara (/wiki/Satoko_Miyahara) , Mai Mihara (/wiki/Mai_Mihara) , and Rika Kihira (/wiki/Rika_Kihira) as well as World Junior (/wiki/World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships) champions Marin Honda (/wiki/Marin_Honda) , Vincent Zhou (/wiki/Vincent_Zhou) , and Tomoki Hiwatashi (/wiki/Tomoki_Hiwatashi) . [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto20202–3-15) [16] (#cite_note-JT191203-16) However, the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) negatively impacted Ito's career in 2020, as she did not receive any requests from March to May as usual. [17] (#cite_note-JBP201020-17) In March 2020, the first compilation book of Ito's works, titled Figure Skating Art Costumes , was published by the Japanese company Kadokawa (/wiki/Kadokawa_Future_Publishing) . [2] (#cite_note-JF220820-2) [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto2020-18) At the 2020 ISU Skating Awards (/wiki/International_Skating_Union) , her costume for Hanyu's free skate (/wiki/Free_skating) program Origin from the 2019–20 season (/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_figure_skating_season) was nominated in the category Best Costume . It was the second version of the costume, with a change in design and color scheme of the top from black to purple. [19] (#cite_note-ISU2020-19) The same year, Ito created multiple costumes for athletes who participated in the 2020 Summer Olympics (/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics) in Tokyo, including artistic gymnast Aiko Sugihara (/wiki/Aiko_Sugihara) and rhythmic gymnast Sumire Kita (/wiki/Sumire_Kita) from Japan. [5] (#cite_note-TVA200714-5) [8] (#cite_note-NB220808-8) : 2 For the 2021–22 season (/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_figure_skating_season) , the number of costume requests reached a new peak with 60–70 orders from Japan and overseas, including the Olympic costumes for Yuma Kagiyama (/wiki/Yuma_Kagiyama) , Wakaba Higuchi (/wiki/Wakaba_Higuchi) , and ice dance (/wiki/Ice_dance) team Kana Muramoto (/wiki/Kana_Muramoto) and Daisuke Takahashi (/wiki/Daisuke_Takahashi) . [3] (#cite_note-WWD220208-3) Ito's costume for Hanyu's Olympic short program (/wiki/Introduction_and_Rondo_Capriccioso_(Yuzuru_Hanyu_program)) Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso was nominated for Best Costume at the 2023 ISU Skating Awards. [20] (#cite_note-ISU2023-20) On July 15, 2022, as the result of a fan vote, a replica of Hanyu's purple Origin costume was put on display on his wax figure at the Madame Tussauds (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds) museum in Tokyo. [21] (#cite_note-TS220712-21) The same year, Ito eventually got the opportunity for a collaboration with Mao Asada and created four costumes for her touring ice show (/wiki/Ice_show) Beyond . [9] (#cite_note-WFS230411-9) [22] (#cite_note-SI2023-22) For Hanyu, who turned professional (/wiki/Professional_figure_skating) in July 2022, Ito contributed five new costumes to his solo shows Prologue (/wiki/Prologue_(ice_show)) and Gift (/wiki/Gift_(ice_show)) with the latter featuring 11 of Ito's works in total, [9] (#cite_note-WFS230411-9) [22] (#cite_note-SI2023-22) presented in front of a record audience of 35,000 spectators at Tokyo Dome (/wiki/Tokyo_Dome) . [23] (#cite_note-NB230228-23) [24] (#cite_note-IOC230904-24) On the 10th anniversary of Ito's designer career in 2023, a figure skating costume exhibition was held in Tokyo from July 24 to August 6 and in Kyoto (/wiki/Kyoto) from August 11 to 27, with a special postcard book of Hanyu's costumes being sold in advance at the Tokyo venue. [11] (#cite_note-FS230623-11) [25] (#cite_note-Reu211222-25) List of collaborations [ edit ] Figure skating [ edit ] Selection of figure skating costumes designed by Ito Yuzuru Hanyu (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) ( 2017–18 free skate program (/wiki/Seimei_(figure_skating_program)) ) Wakaba Higuchi (/wiki/Wakaba_Higuchi) (2017–18 free skate program) Marin Honda (/wiki/Marin_Honda) (2018–19 free skate program) Jin Boyang (/wiki/Jin_Boyang) (2019–20 free skate program) Rika Kihira (/wiki/Rika_Kihira) (2019–20 free skate program) Evgenia Medvedeva (/wiki/Evgenia_Medvedeva) (2019–20 free skate program) Elena Radionova (/wiki/Elena_Radionova) (2014–15 free skate program) Shoma Uno (/wiki/Shoma_Uno) (2016–17 free skate program) Male skaters Yuzuru Hanyu (/wiki/Yuzuru_Hanyu) [26] (#cite_note-NS171101-26) Tomoki Hiwatashi (/wiki/Tomoki_Hiwatashi) [16] (#cite_note-JT191203-16) Jin Boyang (/wiki/Jin_Boyang) [4] (#cite_note-JBP201013-4) Yuma Kagiyama (/wiki/Yuma_Kagiyama) [3] (#cite_note-WWD220208-3) Tim Koleto (/wiki/Tim_Koleto) [3] (#cite_note-WWD220208-3) Ilia Malinin (/wiki/Ilia_Malinin) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Daichi Miyata (/wiki/Daichi_Miyata) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto20202–3-15) Shun Sato (/wiki/Shun_Sato_(figure_skater)) [11] (#cite_note-FS230623-11) Daisuke Takahashi (/wiki/Daisuke_Takahashi) [28] (#cite_note-JBP201015-28) Shoma Uno (/wiki/Shoma_Uno) [4] (#cite_note-JBP201013-4) Ean Weiler (/wiki/Ean_Weiler) [29] (#cite_note-EW2023-29) Vincent Zhou (/wiki/Vincent_Zhou) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIce_Jewels202081–84-7) Female skaters Mao Asada (/wiki/Mao_Asada) [6] (#cite_note-WFS230410-6) Shae-Lynn Bourne (/wiki/Shae-Lynn_Bourne) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Chen Hongyi (/wiki/Chen_Hongyi) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Mone Chiba (/wiki/Mone_Chiba) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Wakaba Higuchi (/wiki/Wakaba_Higuchi) [28] (#cite_note-JBP201015-28) Marin Honda (/wiki/Marin_Honda) [1] (#cite_note-KTV190108-1) Miyu Honda (/wiki/Miyu_Honda) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto20202–3-15) Sara Honda (/w/index.php?title=Sara_Honda&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B0%E7%B4%97%E6%9D%A5) ] [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto20202–3-15) Jocelyn Hong (/w/index.php?title=Jocelyn_Hong&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD) ] [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Haruka Imai (/wiki/Haruka_Imai) [4] (#cite_note-JBP201013-4) Mariko Kihara (/wiki/Mariko_Kihara) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto20202–3-15) Rika Kihira (/wiki/Rika_Kihira) [1] (#cite_note-KTV190108-1) Misato Komatsubara (/wiki/Misato_Komatsubara) [3] (#cite_note-WWD220208-3) Yura Matsuda (/wiki/Yura_Matsuda) [11] (#cite_note-FS230623-11) Evgenia Medvedeva (/wiki/Evgenia_Medvedeva) [6] (#cite_note-WFS230410-6) : 2 Mai Mihara (/wiki/Mai_Mihara) [11] (#cite_note-FS230623-11) Satoko Miyahara (/wiki/Satoko_Miyahara) [1] (#cite_note-KTV190108-1) Kana Muramoto (/wiki/Kana_Muramoto) [28] (#cite_note-JBP201015-28) Yuka Nagai (/wiki/Yuka_Nagai) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIto20202–3-15) Elena Radionova (/wiki/Elena_Radionova) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIce_Jewels202081–84-7) Ryo Shibata (/wiki/Ryo_Shibata) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Mao Shimada (/wiki/Mao_Shimada) [11] (#cite_note-FS230623-11) Yuna Shiraiwa (/wiki/Yuna_Shiraiwa) [28] (#cite_note-JBP201015-28) Rion Sumiyoshi (/wiki/Rion_Sumiyoshi) [28] (#cite_note-JBP201015-28) Hina Takeno (/w/index.php?title=Hina_Takeno&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E9%87%8E%E6%AF%94%E5%A5%88) ] [6] (#cite_note-WFS230410-6) Yuhana Yokoi (/wiki/Yuhana_Yokoi) [11] (#cite_note-FS230623-11) Hana Yoshida (/wiki/Hana_Yoshida) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Zhu Yi (/wiki/Zhu_Yi_(figure_skater)) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Other collaborations [ edit ] Sumire Kita (/wiki/Sumire_Kita) (rhythmic gymnastics) [5] (#cite_note-TVA200714-5) Mona Pavetic (equestrian vaulting) [27] (#cite_note-IG-SI-27) Aiko Sugihara (/wiki/Aiko_Sugihara) (artistic gymnastics) [8] (#cite_note-NB220808-8) : 2 Publications [ edit ] Ito, Satomi (March 31, 2020). Figure Skating Art Costumes (in Japanese). Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) : Kadokawa Future Publishing (/wiki/Kadokawa_Future_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4046044631 . — (April 18, 2022). Muse on Ice (in Japanese). Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) : G.B. Corporation. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4910428154 . — (August 2, 2023a). Yuzuru Hanyu's Costumes made by Satomi Ito (in Japanese). Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) : Two Virgins Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4910352831 . References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e 衣装デザイナー伊藤聡美 [Costume designer Satomi Ito]. 7Rules (in Japanese). Kita-ku, Osaka (/wiki/Kita-ku,_Osaka) : Kansai Telecasting Corporation (/wiki/Kansai_Telecasting_Corporation) . January 8, 2019. Archived from the original (https://www.ktv.jp/7rules/program/190108.html) on July 17, 2019. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Gallagher, Jack (August 20, 2022). "Designer Satomi Ito Making Her Mark with Innovative Costumes for Top Skaters" (https://japan-forward.com/ice-time-designer-satomi-ito-making-her-mark-with-innovative-costumes-for-top-skaters/) . Japan Forward . Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) : Sankei Shimbun (/wiki/Sankei_Shimbun) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225836/https://japan-forward.com/ice-time-designer-satomi-ito-making-her-mark-with-innovative-costumes-for-top-skaters/) from the original on August 19, 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hanami, Isogimi (February 8, 2022). 羽生結弦ら五輪出場5選手の衣装を担当 – デザイナー伊藤聡美に聞くフィギュア衣装制作の裏側 [In charge of the costumes for Yuzuru Hanyu and five other Olympic athletes: Behind the scenes of figure costume production with designer Satomi Ito]. WWD Japan (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) (in Japanese). Minato, Tokyo (/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo) : Infas Publications, Inc. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220208010927/https://www.wwdjapan.com/articles/1319409) from the original on February 8, 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Matsubara, Takaomi (October 13, 2020). 衣装デザイナー・伊藤聡美が選手から熱望される理由 – フィギュアスケートを彩る人々（第1回） [Why costume designer Satomi Ito is eagerly sought after by athletes – People who color figure skating (Part 1)]. Japan Business Press (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9) (in Japanese). Minato, Tokyo (/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221205082917/https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/62346) from the original on December 5, 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b c きっかけは浅田真央の感動演技! 衣装デザイナーの碧い「自分は衣装で感動を与えたい」 [The trigger was Mao Asada's impressive performance! Costume designer's pledge: "I want to impress with my costumes"]. TV Asahi (/wiki/TV_Asahi) (in Japanese). Minato, Tokyo (/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo) . July 14, 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220521125323/https://post.tv-asahi.co.jp/post-124069/) from the original on May 21, 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b c d コスチューム・ワールド第1回・伊藤聡美選(前編) [Costume World (edition 1) – Satomi Ito (part 1)]. World Figure Skating (in Japanese). Bunkyo, Tokyo (/wiki/Bunkyo,_Tokyo) : Shinshokan (/wiki/Shinshokan) . April 10, 2023. pp. 1–2. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230410080252/https://worldfigureskating-web.jp/interview/966/) from the original on April 10, 2023. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ice Jewels 2020 (#CITEREFIce_Jewels2020) , p. 81–84. ^ Jump up to: a b c Yanai, Yumiko (August 8, 2022). 現役生活に"一区切り"...女子体操の立役者・杉原愛子22歳はいま何してる?「練習と学生の指導も。コーチの大変さを実感しています」 [A "break" in active life ... What is 22-year-old Aiko Sugihara, a leading figure in women's gymnastics, doing at the moment? "Practicing and coaching students, I know how hard it is to be a coach"]. Number (/wiki/Number_(magazine)) (in Japanese). Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) : Bungeishunjū (/wiki/Bungeishunj%C5%AB) . pp. 1–3. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230228111917/https://number.bunshun.jp/articles/-/854166) from the original on February 28, 2023. ^ Jump up to: a b c コスチューム・ワールド第1回・伊藤聡美選(後編) [Costume World (edition 1) – Satomi Ito (part 2)]. World Figure Skating (in Japanese). Bunkyo, Tokyo (/wiki/Bunkyo,_Tokyo) : Shinshokan (/wiki/Shinshokan) . April 11, 2023. pp. 1–2. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230411082856/https://worldfigureskating-web.jp/interview/976/) from the original on April 11, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-FTN220928_10-0) 「選手のためだけに衣装をつくりたい」羽生結弦らを担当するデザイナー伊藤聡美のフィギュアスケートへの想い ["I want to make costumes just for the athletes" Designer Satomi Ito, who is in charge of Yuzuru Hanyu and others, thinks about figure skating]. Fashion Tech News (in Japanese). Chiba City (/wiki/Chiba_(city)) : Zozo Next Inc. September 28, 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220928010718/https://fashiontechnews.zozo.com/culture/satomi_ito) from the original on September 28, 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g 羽生結弦らの衣装を展示するコスチューム展を開催、羽生選手にフォーカスを当てた書籍の販売も [A costume exhibition will be held to display the costumes of Yuzuru Hanyu and others, and books focusing on Hanyu will also be sold]. Fashionsnap (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashionsnap.com) (in Japanese). Shinjuku (/wiki/Shinjuku) , Tokyo: Reco Orlando Co., Ltd. June 23, 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230627215014/https://www.fashionsnap.com/article/2023-06-23/satomiito-exhibition/) from the original on June 27, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIto2021ch._2_12-0) Ito 2021 (#CITEREFIto2021) , ch. 2. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIto2021 ( help (/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors) ) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIto2023a_13-0) Ito 2023a (#CITEREFIto2023a) . ^ (#cite_ref-NHK201116_14-0) 人気デザイナーに聞いてみた！衣装から見たフィギュアの魅力 [We asked a popular designer! The charm of figure skating seen through the costume]. NHK (/wiki/NHK) (in Japanese). Shibuya (/wiki/Shibuya) , Tokyo. November 16, 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329142034/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/sports/story/1942/) from the original on March 29, 2023. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ito 2020 (#CITEREFIto2020) , p. 2–3. ^ Jump up to: a b "Tomoki Hiwatashi going all out to make Beijing Olympics" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2019/12/03/figure-skating/hiwatashi-going-make-beijing-olympics/) . The Japan Times (/wiki/The_Japan_Times) . Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) . December 3, 2019. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0447-5763 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0447-5763) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220819164324/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2019/12/03/figure-skating/hiwatashi-going-make-beijing-olympics/) from the original on August 19, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-JBP201020_17-0) Matsubara, Takaomi (October 20, 2020). 羽生結弦の難題にも応える衣装デザイナーの底力 – フィギュアスケートを彩る人々（第3回） [The underlying power of a costume designer to meet Yuzuru Hanyu's challenges – People who color figure skating (Part 3)]. Japan Business Press (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9) (in Japanese). Minato, Tokyo (/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230201180259/https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/62471) from the original on February 1, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIto2020_18-0) Ito 2020 (#CITEREFIto2020) . ^ (#cite_ref-ISU2020_19-0) "ISU Skating Awards 2020 - Best Costume" (https://www.isu.org/figure-skating/isu-skating-awards/best-costume) . International Skating Union (/wiki/International_Skating_Union) . Lausanne (/wiki/Lausanne) . 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230329134629/https://www.isu.org/figure-skating/isu-skating-awards/best-costume) from the original on March 29, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-ISU2023_20-0) "The ISU Skating Awards 2023" (https://isu.org/figure-skating/isu-skating-awards/2023-winners) . International Skating Union (/wiki/International_Skating_Union) . Lausanne (/wiki/Lausanne) . 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231022164250/https://isu.org/figure-skating/isu-skating-awards/2023-winners) from the original on October 22, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-TS220712_21-0) 羽生結弦の人気ナンバーワン衣装は? 等身大フィギュアが15日から公開 [What is the most popular costume of Yuzuru Hanyu? Life-size figure to be released on 15th]. Tokyo Sports (/wiki/Tokyo_Sports) (in Japanese). Koto-ku, Tokyo (/wiki/Koto-ku,_Tokyo) . July 12, 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220927063458/https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/articles/-/232597) from the original on September 27, 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b Ito, Satomi (2023b). "Works" (https://www.satomi-ito.com/archive) . satomi-ito.com (in Japanese). Tokyo. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231029132543/https://www.satomi-ito.com/archive) from the original on October 29, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-NB230228_23-0) Matsubara, Takaomi (February 28, 2023). 「日本代表、羽生結弦――」東京ドーム公演中に行った緊迫の"6分間練習"...3万5000人の前でつかんだ"夢"「まだまだつかみきれていない夢も...」 ["Japan representative, Yuzuru Hanyu" tense "6-minute practice" held during Tokyo Dome performance ... "Dreams" grasped in front of 35,000 people: "There are still many dreams that I have not grasped ..."]. Number (/wiki/Number_(magazine)) (in Japanese). Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) : Bungeishunjū (/wiki/Bungeishunj%C5%AB) . pp. 1–4. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230228074209/https://number.bunshun.jp/articles/-/856611) from the original on February 28, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-IOC230904_24-0) "Figure skating hero Hanyu Yuzuru to start gaming-inspired 'RE_PRAY' solo ice tour in Saitama" (https://olympics.com/en/news/figure-skating-hanyu-starts-solo-ice-tour-repray-saitama) . International Olympic Committee (/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee) . Lausanne (/wiki/Lausanne) . September 4, 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230904140537/https://olympics.com/en/news/figure-skating-hanyu-starts-solo-ice-tour-repray-saitama) from the original on September 4, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-Reu211222_25-0) Wang, Tingshu; Patton, Dominique (December 22, 2021). "Chinese designer enjoys Olympic boost for figure skating costumes" (https://www.reuters.com/article/olympics-2022-china-costumes-idCNL4N2T21OA) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . London, United Kingdom. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231028085245/https://www.reuters.com/article/olympics-2022-china-costumes-idCNL4N2T21OA) from the original on October 28, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-NS171101_26-0) Takaba, Mizuho (November 1, 2017). 羽生がこだわり抜いた陰陽師衣装、今も修正制作秘話 [Hanyu's carefully selected Onmyoji costume, still a secret behind the modification process]. Nikkan Sports (/wiki/Nikkan_Sports) (in Japanese). Chuo-ku, Tokyo (/wiki/Chuo-ku,_Tokyo) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200920170907/https://www.nikkansports.com/sports/column/figurekoi/news/201710310000234.html) from the original on September 20, 2020. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Ito, Satomi. "Official account" (https://www.instagram.com/stm_ito/) (in Japanese). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230628100956/https://www.instagram.com/stm_ito/) from the original on June 28, 2023 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Matsubara, Takaomi (October 15, 2020). 伊藤聡美が語る衣装に込められたそれぞれの「物語」– フィギュアスケートを彩る人々（第2回） [Satomi Ito talks about the "stories" behind the costumes – People who color figure skating (Part 2)]. Japan Business Press (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9) (in Japanese). Minato, Tokyo (/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230402122723/https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/62470) from the original on April 2, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-EW2023_29-0) Weiler, Ean (/wiki/Ean_Weiler) (2023). "Media Library" (https://eanweiler.com/index.php/media-library-2-0/) . eanweiler.com . Bülach (/wiki/B%C3%BClach) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231027155525/https://eanweiler.com/index.php/media-library-2-0/) from the original on October 27, 2023. Books and magazines cited [ edit ] Ice Jewels (April 15, 2020). スペシャルインタビュー衣装デザイナー伊藤聡美 [Special Interview: Costume Designer Satomi Ito]. Ice Jewels ( Mook (/wiki/Mook_(publishing)) ) (in Japanese). Vol. 12. Minato, Tokyo (/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo) : Kazi Co., Ltd. pp. 81–84. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4807296491 . FS Cultural Book (February 17, 2021). 独占インタビュー&寄稿 – 伊藤聡美（衣装デザイナー） [Exclusive interviews & contributions – Satomi Ito (costume designer)]. Figure Skate Cultural Book 2020–2021 Creator on Ice (in Japanese). Chiyoda, Tokyo (/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo) : Kadokawa Future Publishing (/wiki/Kadokawa_Future_Publishing) . ch. 2. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4047364950 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Satomi Ito (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Satomi_Ito) . Official website (https://www.satomi-ito.com/) (English and Japanese) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Sports (/wiki/Portal:Sports) Japan (/wiki/Portal:Japan) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/13159234206003371089) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐bmqzr Cached time: 20240720213437 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.172 seconds Real time usage: 1.425 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 22699/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 106580/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6670/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 146975/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.657/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16987930/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1328.821 1 -total 19.44% 258.259 1 Template:Infobox_person 19.26% 255.888 72 Template:R 18.04% 239.735 75 Template:R/ref 11.77% 156.417 1 Template:Reflist 9.28% 123.330 1 Template:Authority_control 8.74% 116.159 1 Template:Nobold 8.49% 112.823 1 Template:Lang 7.06% 93.751 75 Template:R/superscript 7.02% 93.266 3 Template:Cite_book Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75159250-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720213437 and revision id 1233797137. 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Mid–1900s fashion movement Argentinian band Los Gatos (/wiki/Los_Gatos_(band)) wearing peacock revolution fashion c. 1968 The peacock revolution was a fashion movement which took place between the late 1950s and mid–1970s, mostly in the United Kingdom. Mostly based around men incorporating feminine fashion elements such as floral prints, bright colours and complex patterns, the movement also saw the embracing of elements of fashions from Africa, Asia, the late 17th century (/wiki/1775%E2%80%931795_in_Western_fashion) and the queer community (/wiki/Queer_fashion) . The movement began around the late 1950s when John Stephen (/wiki/John_Stephen) began opening boutiques on Carnaby Street (/wiki/Carnaby_Street) , London, which advertised flamboyant and queer fashions to the mod subculture (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) . Entering the mainstream by the mid-1960s through the designs of Michael Fish (/wiki/Michael_Fish_(fashion_designer)) , it was embraced by popular rock (/wiki/Rock_music) acts including the Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) , the Rolling Stones (/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones) and Small Faces (/wiki/Small_Faces) . By the beginning of the 1970s, it had begun to decline due to popular fashion returning to a more conservative style. Fashion [ edit ] A wax figure of Jimi Hendrix (/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix) at Madame Tussauds (/wiki/Madame_Tussauds) , London The fashion of the movement was mostly based around the embrace of feminine fashion elements by men, including tight silhouettes, bright patterns, long hair and makeup. [1] (#cite_note-Komar,_2016-1) It also embraced a variety of other influences, ranging from the Romantic era (/wiki/Romantic_era) to traditional African and Asian elements. [2] (#cite_note-Paoletti,_2015,_p.60-2) Suits were commonly worn, particularly in Edwardian (/wiki/1900s_in_Western_fashion#Men's_fashion) or continental Europe's style of tailoring (/wiki/Tailor#Italian_cut) , [3] (#cite_note-Mathai,_2019-3) [4] (#cite_note-Hiras-4) and in unconventional textiles including corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) , paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) and brocade (/wiki/Brocade) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Suits also often incorporated bright colours, vivid patterns, embroidery, slim fits, large lapels, cravats (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) , Nehru jackets (/wiki/Nehru_jackets) , frilly shirts (/wiki/Poet_shirt) and kipper ties (/wiki/Kipper_tie) . [3] (#cite_note-Mathai,_2019-3) [4] (#cite_note-Hiras-4) Boots, generally winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) , were favoured over shoes. [4] (#cite_note-Hiras-4) A 1973 article by the New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) divided the period's suits into three different periods: the original style typified by the Nehru jacket and sport coat (/wiki/Sport_coat) ; the middle period which was influenced by Edwardian dress; and the later period which saw the rise of wide lapels and bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Terminology [ edit ] The name "peacock revolution" was coined by consumer psychologist Ernest Dichter (/wiki/Ernest_Dichter) in 1965, eventually being popularised by journalist George Frazier (/wiki/George_Frazier_(journalist)) during his 1968 columns for Esquire (/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-Paoletti,_2015,_p.60-2) Those who took part in the movement were known by various names, notably dandies (/wiki/Dandies) , [7] (#cite_note-Life-7) [3] (#cite_note-Mathai,_2019-3) as well as variations like urban dandies [8] (#cite_note-8) and dandy mods. [9] (#cite_note-9) In the 1960s, terms such as "soft mod" or "peacock mod" were commonplace, to contrast from the more aggressive and rude boy (/wiki/Rude_boy) influenced "hard mods" who would morph into the skinhead (/wiki/Skinhead) subculture. [10] (#cite_note-fashion-history.lovetoknow.com-10) [11] (#cite_note-skinheads-11) [12] (#cite_note-Mod_music-12) History [ edit ] Origins (1950s and early 1960s) [ edit ] The mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) subculture was influential upon the peacock revolution In the 1950s and early 1960s, the dominant style of menswear was business suits in dark and neutral colours, polo shirts and jumpers, with bright colours only been present occasionally, with patterned shirts like Hawaiian, plaid or striped. The earliest signs of rebellion against this hegemony in England was through the emergence of the Teddy Boy (/wiki/Teddy_Boy) subculture, who wore suits in the style of the Edwardian era (/wiki/Edwardian_era) , while also embracing elements of fashions in the United States and continental Europe. Under the influence of the Teddy Boys, other subcultures began to emerge in Britain, including the rockers (/wiki/Rocker_(subculture)) , and most relevantly, the mods (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) . [13] (#cite_note-13) The peacock revolution began from an intersection of 1950s queer fashion (/wiki/Queer_fashion) , the sexual revolution (/wiki/Sexual_revolution) and the mod subculture. The popularity of the mod subculture had allowed for straight men to show an interest in fashion, and the sexual revolution allowed for men to present themselves in an overtly sexual manner. [14] (#cite_note-Hill,_2018-14) As early as Brioni (/wiki/Brioni_(brand)) 's 1952 fashion show at Pitti Palace (/wiki/Pitti_Palace) , the style of the Peacock Revolution were being anticipated. The first menswear show in modern history, the collection made use of bright colours, ornamentation, piping and elaborate waistcoats. [15] (#cite_note-15) By 1957, Scottish entrepreneur John Stephen (/wiki/John_Stephen) began opening shops on Carnaby Street (/wiki/Carnaby_Street) in London and using these developments to advertise gay styles of fashion to straight men. [14] (#cite_note-Hill,_2018-14) Works published by the BBC (/wiki/BBC) , Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) and the Week (/wiki/The_Week) all credit Stephen as the pioneer of the peacock revolution. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [3] (#cite_note-Mathai,_2019-3) The designs of Michael Fish (/wiki/Michael_Fish_(fashion_designer)) were also an important part of the growing movement. Fish began designing for Turnbull & Asser (/wiki/Turnbull_%26_Asser) in 1962, where he began to experiment with more androgynous elements, such as floral designs, which he further after founding his own boutique Mr Fish in 1964. [18] (#cite_note-Elan,_2016-18) One running theme in Fisher's designs was the embrace of aspects of late 17th century fashion (/wiki/1775%E2%80%931795_in_Western_fashion) such as cravats, bizarre silks (/wiki/Bizarre_silk) , military braids, brocade and high collared shirts. [19] (#cite_note-19) Christopher Gibbs (/wiki/Christopher_Gibbs) too was an influential designer, introducing double breasted waistcoats, Turkish shirts and cloth covered buttons into the movement. [20] (#cite_note-Moody,_2018-20) In a 1968 article by Newsweek (/wiki/Newsweek) , the publication credited Oleg Cassini (/wiki/Oleg_Cassini) with helping to lead the movement. [21] (#cite_note-21) Peak popularity (mid–1960s) [ edit ] Shepard Sherbell, Brian Jones (/wiki/Brian_Jones) and Michael Cooper (/wiki/Michael_Cooper_(photographer)) (L–R) in 1967, wearing peacock revolution clothing Mods quickly adopted these styles and soon London's Soho (/wiki/Soho) area became renowned for its androgynous (/wiki/Androgyny) fashions. [22] (#cite_note-22) As the style became increasingly popular, many prominent womenswear designers, including Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) and Bill Blass (/wiki/Bill_Blass) began also producing menswear in the style. [23] (#cite_note-23) Cardin in particular would become an influential designer during the era, popularising the Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) which allowed for weaers to experiment with neck accessories like necklaces and medallions instead of ties. [24] (#cite_note-24) By the mid-1960s, Stephen owned fifteen shops on Carnaby Street [25] (#cite_note-25) and clothes from these stores were being worn publicly by the Rolling Stones (/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones) , the Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) , Cliff Richard (/wiki/Cliff_Richard) , Sean Connery (/wiki/Sean_Connery) and Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon (/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon) . In 1964, Stephen claimed he "dressed about 90 percent of England's popstars". [26] (#cite_note-26) Soon, King's Road (/wiki/King%27s_Road) too began to develop similar boutiques. [27] (#cite_note-27) By 1966, Carnaby Street King's Road had become two of the most influential locations for fashion of the entire decade, largely popularised by the Rolling Stones and the Beatles, as well as the Who (/wiki/The_Who) and Small Faces (/wiki/Small_Faces) . [28] (#cite_note-28) Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) later stated of Stephen, "He made Carnaby Street. He was Carnaby Street. He invented a look for young men which was wildly exuberant, dashing and fun." [29] (#cite_note-29) Peacock revolution fashion reached the United States around 1964 with the beginning of the British Invasion (/wiki/British_Invasion) , entering major fashion publications including GQ (/wiki/GQ) by 1966. Clothes were often sold in boutiques marked "John Stephen of Carnaby Street" and in department stores including Abraham & Straus (/wiki/Abraham_%26_Straus) , Dayton's (/wiki/Dayton%27s) , Carson Pirie Scott (/wiki/Carson_Pirie_Scott) and Stern's (/wiki/Stern%27s) . Furthermore, Lord John (/wiki/Lord_John) clothing began to be sold at Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) , as Sears (/wiki/Sears) too began producing clothing in the style. [30] (#cite_note-30) By the mid–to late 1960s, the more radical end of the peacock revolution in the United States developed the hippie (/wiki/Hippie) subculture. [31] (#cite_note-31) During the Rolling Stones' July 5, 1969 performance (/wiki/The_Stones_in_the_Park) in Hyde Park, London (/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London) , Jagger wore a white dress featuring bishop's sleeves and a bow-laced front which was designed by Fish. In a 2013 article, The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) writer Mick Brown stated that is moment "epitomised the swinging Sixties (/wiki/Swinging_Sixties) " and going on to call Jagger "King of the Peacocks". [32] (#cite_note-32) Later years and decline (late 1960s to mid–1970s) [ edit ] A decline in popularity of the peacock revolution's more extreme fashion styles was beginning as early as the 1967 release of Bonnie and Clyde (/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(film)) . The film's costuming, for which it won an Oscar, began a revived interest the fashions of the 1930s, and a rise in popularity of the designs Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) and Bill Blass who began embracing such influence. [33] (#cite_note-33) However, a 1970 article by Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) magazine cited a then-recent revived interest in peacock revolution fashion, citing women's greater attraction to the style and the hippie subculture's fashion "proving that a fellow can wear any outlandish costume in public" as the reasoning. [7] (#cite_note-Life-7) Between 1972 and 1974, a second wave of popular musicians, including David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) , Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) and Gary Glitter (/wiki/Gary_Glitter) , portraying the movement emerged as a part of the glam rock (/wiki/Glam_rock) genre, which too trickled down to the general public. [34] (#cite_note-34) Nostalgia for the fashions of the 1920s–1940s was eventually exacerbated by The Godfather (/wiki/The_Godfather) (1972), The Sting (/wiki/The_Sting) (1973) and The Great Gatsby (/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1974_film)) (1974) and the 1972 death of Edward VIII (/wiki/Edward_VIII) . [35] (#cite_note-35) By 1975, the release of John T Molloy's bestselling book Dress for Success (/wiki/Dress_for_Success_(book)) , marked a general return to conservative men's fashion by popularising power dressing (/wiki/Power_dressing) . [36] (#cite_note-36) Legacy [ edit ] In the wake of the peacock revolution, menswear became more diverse in many western countries. The movement was one of the main factors in allowing men to wear clothes other than suits in both business and casual contexts. Furthermore, it allowed for a greater variation of both head and facial hair lengths and style in the workplace and increased the demand for men's grooming and cosmetic products. [37] (#cite_note-37) Many influential fashion designers also began their careers during the period, including Hardy Amies (/wiki/Hardy_Amies) , Geoffrey Beene (/wiki/Geoffrey_Beene) , Bill Blass, Cerruti 1881 (/wiki/Cerruti_1881) , Hubert de Givenchy (/wiki/Hubert_de_Givenchy) and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . [38] (#cite_note-38) The movement was one of the main factors in popularising androgyny in fashion (/wiki/Androgyny_in_fashion) , especially in rock music. [1] (#cite_note-Komar,_2016-1) [3] (#cite_note-Mathai,_2019-3) In a July 2014 article by the New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , fashion photographer Bill Cunningham (/wiki/Bill_Cunningham_(American_photographer)) cited "Signs of a new peacock revolution", including the resurgence of designs by Domenico Spano. [39] (#cite_note-39) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Swinging Sixties (/wiki/Swinging_Sixties) British Invasion (/wiki/British_Invasion) 1960s in fashion (/wiki/1960s_in_fashion) Great Male Renunciation (/wiki/Great_Male_Renunciation) Men's Dress Reform Party (/wiki/Men%27s_Dress_Reform_Party) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Komar, Marlen (21 June 2016). "What The Peacock Revolution Did For Gender Norms" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/164464-7-reasons-the-peacock-revolution-of-the-1960s-was-important-for-gender-norms) . Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 60. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . Journalist George Frazier is credited with popularizing the phrase "peacock revolution" to describe the styles coming from London's young Carnaby Street designers, which promised to restore the lost glory of flamboyant menswear. Frazier was describing the explosion of choices that were suddenly available to men, ranging from Romantic revival (velvet jackets and flowing shirts) to a pastiche of styles borrowed from Africa and Asia. Expanded color palettes, softer fabrics, and a profusion of decorative details represented a direct challenge to the conformity and drabness of menswear at mid-century. For critics of the new men's fashions, flowered shirts and velvet capes raised the specter of decadence and homosexuality, a fear that was reinforced by the emergence of the gay liberation movement. Just as women's unisex styles had to balance being sexy and liberated, men's styles tended to navigate the territory between expressiveness and effeminacy. Endnote : The term "peacock revolution" appeared in Frazier's Esquire columns in 1968 but was originally coined by consumer psychology icon Ernest Dichter in 1965. Haye et al., Handbook of Fashion Studies, 193. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mathai, Anjuly. "Gender fluidity in men's fashion: The return of the dandy" (https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2019/04/18/gender-fluidity-in-men-fashion-the-return-of-the-dandy.html) . The Week (/wiki/The_Week_(Indian_magazine)) . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Sixties Style Revolution: The Peacock Revolution" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160421062420/http://www.hiras.com/blog/2011/10/sixties-style-revolution-the-peacock-revolution/) . Hiras.com . Archived from the original (http://www.hiras.com/blog/2011/10/sixties-style-revolution-the-peacock-revolution/) on 2016-04-21 . Retrieved 5 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cunningham, Patricia (2005). "10 Dressing for Success: The Re-Suiting of Corporate America in the 1970s". Twentieth-Century American Fashion . Dress, Body, Culture. pp. 191–208. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/9781847882837/tcaf0014 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F9781847882837%2Ftcaf0014) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-283-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Ullmann, Bill (29 April 1973). "THE REVOLUTION THAT FAILED" (https://web.archive.org/web/20231214171454/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/29/archives/the-revolution-that-failed-madras-on-the-cover.html) . The New York Times . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/29/archives/the-revolution-that-failed-madras-on-the-cover.html) on 2023-12-14 . Retrieved 14 December 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Male Plumage!". Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) . 25 Sep 1970. The peacock days are coming back. A man in a bright leather suit or snakeskin coat might still rate a hard stare, or an approving one, but he would no longer cause consternation in the city streets. Paradoxically, most designers credit the distinctly un- dandy hippies with making possible the return to dandyism, simply by proving that a fellow can wear almost any outlandish costume in public-if he has the nerve. Designers in London and Rome, working from the far- out, far-gone glories of Restoration styles, gave their imaginations rein. The old promise that ordinary man is finally to be liberated from dull clothing has flowered brilliantly in outfits of every fabric and color. Men's boutiques now do a brisk trade in necklaces, purses and ear- rings. Health spas find a demand among business and professional men for mud packs, hair tinting and skin creams-all once the exclusive province of women. Most men find the new styles extreme-not to mention expensive but so long as dandies are as attractive to women as they seem to be, the "peacock revolution"-illustrated here by partisans wearing their own versions of the fashion-will continue to spread its feathers. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Hall, Steve; Winlow, Simon; Ancrum, Craig (17 June 2013). Criminal Identities and Consumer Culture: Crime, Exclusion and the New Culture of Narcissm . Taylor & Francis. The 'Peacock Revolution' of the 1960s encouraged men who tended to own very few clothes to expand their wardrobes and become dedicated followers of fashion, each change a symbol of their rebellion against mass conformity. Yet, the 'mass conformity' of the traditional male-dominated working class - combined with a hefty dash of politically charged contempt for the fashion-driven culture of the urban dandy - seemed to act as a powerful protective shield against the marketing industry's invasive strategies. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Weight, Richard (2013). Mod! A Very British Style . Bodley Head. p. 157. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780224073912 . This helps to explain the last phase of Mod culture in the 1960s, the so-called "Peacock Revolution" or Dandy Mod, at its peak between 1966 and 1969. ^ (#cite_ref-fashion-history.lovetoknow.com_10-0) Lobenthal, J. "Psychedelic Fashion." Love to Know. ^ (#cite_ref-skinheads_11-0) Old Skool Jim. Trojan Skinhead Reggae Box Set liner notes . London: Trojan Records. TJETD169. ^ (#cite_ref-Mod_music_12-0) Edwards, Dave. Trojan Mod Reggae Box Set liner notes . London: Trojan Records. TJETD020. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 66. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . The dominant style in business wear in the early 1960s was an off-the-rack version of British menswear: white dress shirt, a suit in a dark neutral color (usually black, gray, or navy blue) and a rep tie—ribbed silk, with diagonal stripes. Casual clothing might include sport shirts (plaid, striped, or even Hawaiian), knitted polo shirts, or sweaters, and could be more colorful. The main deviations in color and cut came from society's margins: jazz musicians and beatniks with their turtleneck shirts, generously cut suits, and loud ties, or fashion-forward sophisticates who favored the new "Continental Look"—slim jackets with side vents (or no vents at all) paired with tight trousers with beltless waistbands, like Sansabelts. But the first signs of change were already visible in England, where young working-class men were emerging from the wartime rubble looking like Edwardian dandies. These "Teddy Boys" adopted a blend of Continental and American elements—tight Italian-style trousers worn with a flowing zoot-suitish drape jacket and "duck's arse" hairstyles, with echoes of their grandparents' day—the Edwardian era had been just forty years earlier—such as long, double-breasted jackets with velvet collars. Demand for these styles, and modifications of them, influenced staid Saville Row, which responded with their own touches of Edwardian elegance. The Teddy Boys were succeeded by the Mods and Rockers, rival subcultures with their own distinctive uniforms. ^ Jump up to: a b Hill, Daniel Delis (5 April 2018). Peacock Revolution American Masculine Identity and Dress in the Sixties and Seventies . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 98. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781350056459 . In 1957, though, John Stephen, a young Scottish entrepreneur took advantage of the low-rent district and opened a menswear shop on Carnaby Street. He had learned the men's apparel business while working for Bill Green, a photographer of muscle boys for physique magazines who also operated Vince Man's Shop-a West End store and mail order retailer specializing in body-conscious clothes favored by gay men. "What Vince offered were new clothes-tighter fitting, brighter and in more exotic fabrics than mainstream menswear had known to that date." But Stephen's aim was broader than the niche gay market. In the transition from the 1950s into the 1960s, the Mods had made it possible for straight men to have an interest in fashion and shopping, and the burgeoning sexual revolution encouraged straight men to wear sexualized clothing that accentuated the male anatomy that appealed to women. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Koski, Lorna (23 September 2015). "Gaetano Savini's Daughter Pens Intro to 'Gaetano Savini, the Man Who Was Brioni' (https://wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/book-gaetano-savini-man-who-was-brioni-10235670/) " (https://wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/book-gaetano-savini-man-who-was-brioni-10235670/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043242/http://wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/book-gaetano-savini-man-who-was-brioni-10235670/) from the original on 2015-09-24 . Retrieved 2021-03-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "John Stephen" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/britishstylegenius/content/21888.shtml) . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "The peacock revolution: 1960s UK menswear" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-peacock-revolution-1960s-menswear) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Elan,_2016_18-0) Elan, Priya (13 March 2016). "Peacock revolution back with label that dressed Mick Jagger and David Bowie" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/mar/13/peacock-revolution-david-bowie-mick-jagger-mr-fish) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Fury, Alexander (29 February 2016). "The Peculiar '60s Designer Who Redefined Men's Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170402074320/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/06/t-magazine/fashion/michael-fish-designer-london-legacy.html) . The New York Times . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/06/t-magazine/fashion/michael-fish-designer-london-legacy.html) on 2017-04-02 . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Moody,_2018_20-0) Moody, Paul (3 August 2018). "How Christopher Gibbs Changed the Face of Swinging London" (https://www.anothermanmag.com/life-culture/10444/how-christopher-gibbs-changed-the-face-of-swinging-london) . Another Man (/wiki/Another_Man) . Retrieved 14 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Male Plumage '68". Newsweek . 25 November 1968. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Moore, Christopher; Cinque, Sean Redmond Toija (30 July 2015). Enchanting David Bowie: Space/Time/Body/Memory . Bloomsbury Academic (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic) . p. 245. Although mod style was not exclusively, or even predominately, gay, mods began wearing clothing that gay men had been wearing for years. The change in men's dress from drab to debonair in London in the 60s during the Peacock Revolution constituted in effect the adoption of gay men's dress style by the non- gay, male population: 'Throughout the 1960s, commentators noted the "hermaphroditic" styles coming out of West Soho, and identified the ambiguous sexuality of the mods who wore Stephen's styles as part of this concern' ^ (#cite_ref-23) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 69. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . Fashion designers in entering and transforming the menswear industry. Some of the most iconic brands in menswear—including Pierre Cardin and Bill Blass—made their debut during this era and rode to success by tapping men's desire for fresh design. French designer Cardin was the more revolutionary of the two, having already earned a reputation as a bit of a rebel within the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture (the venerable French trade union of high-fashion designers) by showing a ready-to-wear collection in 1959. (For his transgression, he was promptly expelled from the Chambre Syndicale but reinstated soon after.) His women's fashions and entrepreneurial innovations were equally avant-garde, as described in chapter 2, and he had been producing some menswear since 1957. When his styles first became available in the United States in 1966, they had an immediate impact, and many imitators. Introducing his Paris couture collection in July 1966, he announced, "You are going to see some slightly strange boys and girls," accurately predicting how disruptive his designs would be. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 70. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . The Nehru jacket was just one of a number of tie-free options that Cardin popularized. Worn by celebrities ranging from Lord Snowdon (with a silk turtleneck) to Sammy Davis Jr., the Nehru jacket with its stand-up collar and soft construction did not originate with Cardin. It was based on a style created in the 1940s and associated with Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964); the Beatles wore matching jackets in this style for their 1965 Shea Stadium concert, two years before Cardin's interpretation in gray flannel. But it was Cardin's version that launched the real craze, which peaked in the fall of 1968. Although it was to become a symbol of middle-age wannabe swingers, the Nehru jacket represented a powerful desire at the time to hang on to the idea of a jacket but open it up to the possibility of greater self-expression and comfort. Accessorized with beaded necklaces or medallions dangling on chains or fabricated in traditional suiting materials, the Nehru jacket appealed—just briefly—to a wide swath of American men. ^ (#cite_ref-25) Hill, Daniel Delis (5 April 2018). Peacock Revolution American Masculine Identity and Dress in the Sixties and Seventies . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 99. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781350056459 . By the mid-1960s, John Stephen was the undisputed "King of Carnaby Street" as the press dubbed him with an estimated worth of $15 million. He owned fifteen shops along Carnaby Street, including His, Mode Male, Domino Male, and Male West One. Part of Stephen's tremendous success was his approach to retailing. For his shops, he adopted the boutique model from women's retailers that had developed in the late 1950s: small floor space (and thus low overhead costs); enticing display front windows; colorful, pop art interior décor; loud, current music; quick turnover of trendy merchandise; and young, hip sales staff. The formula worked so well on Carnaby Street that Stephen soon exported his merchandising ideas and menswear to America as licensed in-store boutiques for more than forty major department stores. As Men's Wear noted in 1971, "Boutiques have become the masters at merchandising the new clothing beat. They see that it's not just a beat that applies to the growing young men's market, but to all who are young in attitude, who have changed their ways of living, their rules and their buying habits." ^ (#cite_ref-26) Hill, Daniel Delis (5 April 2018). Peacock Revolution American Masculine Identity and Dress in the Sixties and Seventies . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 99. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781350056459 . John Stephen was aided in his efforts to mainstream colorful, sexualized fashions for men by the many pop culture icons of masculinity who were photographed or appeared on TV wearing his clothes. In 1962, British heavyweight boxing champion Billy Walker modeled one of the designer's matelot shirts (French sailor's horizontal striped knit top) and skintight jeans for window posters. When singer Cliff Richard wore a John Stephen's shaggy, deep pile sweater on TV, the designer sold out of the entire production run (and quickly, competing ready-to-wear makers copied the style). Other famous male shoppers at Stephen's shops included Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, all four of the Beatles, Peter Sellers, Sean Connery, the Duke of Bedford, and Lord Snowdon (husband of Princess Margaret). The mod designer became "adept at associating his products with appealing celebrities and virile examples of heteronormative manhood." And "he understood that celebrity approval was the key to beginning and shaping trends which he could meet." To perpetuate interest in his menswear from celebrities-and the resulting publicity-he created the John Stephen Fashion Award for the best-dressed man in 1964. That year he even claimed to have dressed about 90 percent of England's pop bands. ^ (#cite_ref-27) Musgrave, Eric (5 October 2009). Sharp Suits: A Celebration of Men's Tailoring . Pavilion Books. p. 192. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781862058521 . Social divisions are eroded as fashion boutiques flourish, from Blades just off Savile Row to Lord John on Carnaby Street. The new style-setters are pop stars such as The Beatles and young movie stars like Michael Caine. The Peacock Revolution, centred on the Kings Road, frees men to be individual in their dress, but Mods continue to favour a clean, crisp look. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Bolton, Gay. "Swinging 60s men's fashion on show at Derbyshire museum" (https://www.derbyshiretimes.co.uk/whats-on/things-to-do/swinging-60s-mens-fashion-on-show-at-derbyshire-museum-3646076) . Derbyshire Times (/wiki/Derbyshire_Times) . Retrieved 11 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Sixties Icon: As Carnaby Street celebrates 50 years, the extraordinary story of how a shy, young man from Govan began it all, The Scotsman , 14 September 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-30) Hill, Daniel Delis (5 April 2018). Peacock Revolution American Masculine Identity and Dress in the Sixties and Seventies . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 97. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781350056459 . As noted previously, men's mod fashions came to America with the British Invasion of pop music in 1964. Press reports and teen magazines noted that the mod styles worn by the English bands often were from London's Carnaby Street designers and merchants. As the popularity of the Invasion spread across American pop culture, the term "Mod" and "Carnaby Street" became synonymous to American menswear makers, retailers, and ultimately consumers. In 1966, GQ reported on Carnaby Street with a profile of John Stephen, his boutiques, and the Mods who were "firm followers of... John Stephen's own highly original, constantly innovating designs." John Stephen's licensed in-store boutiques of men's mod fashions were named "John Stephen of Carnaby Street" and promoted in the ads of large US department stores such as Stern's of New York, Abraham & Straus in Brooklyn, Carson Pirie Scott of Chicago, and Dayton's of Minneapolis. Other apparel invaders from Carnaby Street included Lord John, whose men's fashions were advertised with slangy copy by Macy's as a "kinky collection of imports, supah starring mighty mod florals, psyched-up stripes and free-wheeling solids." Even Sears opened men's mod shops in selected stores. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 75. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . At the extreme fringes of male style of the late 1960s lay the hippies, who embraced a do-it-yourself, anything-goes aesthetic that mixed thrift-store finds, military styles, and exotic cultural appropriation. As the inheritors of the freedom injected into menswear by the British Mods, members of the 1960s counterculture represented an effort to break with mainstream culture altogether—to drop out of the system and forge an entirely new path. Although associated with the United States, there were similar movements in other countries. British peer Mark Palmer, who dropped out of the upper class to travel in a caravan with various pop stars and dress in Druid robes, offers a succinct explanation of the appeal of the hippie culture: "It is not escapism leaving a bad scene to start a new one." ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Mick Jagger's white dress cast him as a romantic hero" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/10129974/Mick-Jaggers-white-dress-cast-him-as-a-romantic-hero.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180508124540/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/10129974/Mick-Jaggers-white-dress-cast-him-as-a-romantic-hero.html) from the original on 8 May 2018 . Retrieved 2016-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 80. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . The seeds for the end of the peacock revolution were sown in 1967 with the release of Bonnie and Clyde, director Arthur Penn's groundbreaking film about the Depression-era outlaws, starring Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway. The movie not only ushered in a new era of on-screen sex and violence but also struck a chord with fashion designers looking for fresh inspiration. Theodora Van Runkle won an Oscar for the costumes— Dunaway in slender, mid-calf skirts and Beatty in chalk-stripe, double-breasted suits—and some menswear designers took note of the film's romantic aesthetic. Baby boomers had heard plenty about the Great Depression from their parents, and it seemed an unlikely source of nostalgia, but emerging American designers Ralph Lauren and Bill Blass both rode to their early successes on '30s-inspired clothing. ^ (#cite_ref-34) Hill, Daniel Delis (5 April 2018). Peacock Revolution American Masculine Identity and Dress in the Sixties and Seventies . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 98. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781350056459 . Between about 1972 and 1974, a glitz and glitter trend in peacock fashion was inspired by a second British Invasion: glam rock. Musicians such as David Bowie, Elton John, and Gary Glitter became famous for their dazzling theatrical stage performances, for which they dressed in costumes lavishly adorned with sequins, rhinestones, faceted studs, feathers, and shiny metallic materials. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 82. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . Amid the visual cacophony of the late 1960s and early 1970s, trends were sometimes difficult to detect, but a return to quieter elegance was certainly in the air, and it hit full swing with the release of The Godfather (1972) and The Sting (1973). That same year saw a flurry of publicity around the filming of The Great Gatsby (1974) in Newport, Rhode Island, over the summer; Esquire waxed eloquent about the "Newport Look," a sort of hybridized version of the Gatsby style that mashed up the 1920s and '30s and incorporated linen suits, country tweeds, and vintage-y sweaters. The death of onetime king the Duke of Windsor, who was also a well-known fashion icon, in 1972 also generated quite a bit of nostalgia in the fashion press for the elegance of bygone days. The eccentricity of the mod and hippie era was gradually replaced with trends that often broke as many rules, just not all in a single outfit. The leisure suit offered an alternative to jacket and tie for the new, more casual lifestyles of the 1970s ^ (#cite_ref-36) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. pp. 60–61. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . But like many revolutions, the peacock revolution ended in repudiation and regression. Although fashion prognosticators in 1970 were predicting the demise of neckties and gray flannel suits, within ten years the pendulum had swung back with a vengeance. John T. Molloy's Dress for Success, in 1975, had codified a return to conservative dressing for business. Within a few years the more flamboyant styles of the late 1960s and 70s had been relegated to the back of the closet, if not the thrift shop. Part of the reason for this stylistic whiplash is that the impact of the peacock revolution was exaggerated at the time and seems only to have grown in the popular imagination. The reality is that many men, even young men, did not succumb to the trend, and few of those who did adopt the new styles continued to experiment with new expressions of masculinity for long. linity for long. To understand what was going on beneath the surface of men's fashions, we need to enter relatively unexplored territory: the masculine mystique. ^ (#cite_ref-37) Paoletti, Jo B. (27 February 2015). Sex and Unisex: Fashion, Feminism, and the Sexual Revolution . Indiana University Press. p. 91. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0253015969 . So what did change in men's clothing? The late 1970s return to safer, classic styles did not mean a complete rollback of every innovation. Just as women's hemlines became a matter of taste, with lengths varying based on the occasion and the wearer's own preference, men's clothing had permanently negotiated some flexibility. The suit was less important, replaced in many workplaces and previously formal situations by separate trousers and sport jackets. Beards, mustaches, and long hair (or shaved heads, for that matter) are unremarkable variations. Men's casual and active sportswear may lack the blinding colors and patterns of the 1970s but still offer many options, sometimes more color options than in women's clothing. A recent Lands' End catalog lists men's pima cotton polo shirts in twenty-five colors (including pink) and women's in only fourteen. The demand for men's cosmetics, grooming products, and even cosmetic surgery has been well documented for decades. ^ (#cite_ref-38) Hill, Daniel Delis (5 April 2018). Peacock Revolution American Masculine Identity and Dress in the Sixties and Seventies . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . p. 98. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781350056459 . From the mid-1960s into the 1970s, numerous other famous women's designers joined Cardin in the menswear arena: Hubert de Givenchy, Yves St. Laurent, Hardy Amies, Antonio Cerruti, Oleg Cassini, Bill Blass, and Geoffrey Beene, among others. The cachet of the designer name became a focus of ready-to-wear and retailers' advertising. ^ (#cite_ref-39) Cunningham, Bill (13 June 2014). "Bill Cunningham Men's Wear Revolution" (https://web.archive.org/web/20231111000949/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/fashion/bill-cunningham-mens-wear-revolution.html) . The New York Times . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/fashion/bill-cunningham-mens-wear-revolution.html) on 2023-11-11 . Retrieved 11 November 2023 . 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Fratelli Piacenza in Pollone (/wiki/Pollone) Fratelli Piacenza S.p.A. (/wiki/S.p.A.) is an Italian (/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries) fabric mill and family business established in 1733. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Fratelli Piacenza has been accepted as a member house in the Henokiens (/wiki/Henokiens) ( French (/wiki/French_language) : Les Hénokiens ), an association of companies that have been continuously operating and remain family-owned for 200 years or more. [3] (#cite_note-franceinter-3) Branded as PIACENZA 1733 (formerly Piacenza Cashmere), [4] (#cite_note-4) the Italian company is known for the production of clothing and fine fabrics (/wiki/Fabric) using extra-fine wools (/wiki/Wool) and noble fibres. The wool mill was founded in 1733 in Pollone (/wiki/Pollone) by Pietro Francesco Piacenza. The company produces and distributes men's (/wiki/Menswear) , women's and accessories collections in the luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) sector. In 2022 Gruppo Piacenza S.p.a. bought Lanificio Cerruti (/wiki/Lanificio_Fratelli_Cerruti) . [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fratelli Piacenza SpA" (https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/4234141Z:IM) . Bloomberg. ^ (#cite_ref-2) PIACENZA 1733 (http://www.piacenza1733.it/) ^ (#cite_ref-franceinter_3-0) "Hénokiens, les entreprises de père en fils" (http://www.franceinter.fr/emission-leco-du-matin-henokiens-les-entreprises-de-pere-en-fils) (in French). France Inter (/wiki/France_Inter) . 12 June 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Piacenza Cashmere" (https://baltzar.com/collections/piacenza-cashmere) . Balzar. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Tessile, il Gruppo Piacenza rileva il 100% del Lanificio Cerruti" (https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/tessile-gruppo-piacenza-rileva-100percento-lanificio-cerruti-AEglWIEC?refresh_ce=1) (in Italian) . 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Heatsetting (/wiki/Heatsetting) Indienne (/wiki/Indienne) Kasuri (/wiki/Kasuri) Katazome (/wiki/Katazome) Mercerization (/wiki/Mercerised_cotton) Moire (/wiki/Moire_(fabric)) Nap (/wiki/Nap_(textile)) Parchmentising (/wiki/Parchmentising) Rogan printing (/wiki/Rogan_printing) Rōketsuzome (/wiki/R%C5%8Dketsuzome) Roller printing (/wiki/Roller_printing_on_textiles) Sanforization (/wiki/Sanforization) Tenterhook (/wiki/Tenterhook) Textile printing (/wiki/Textile_printing) Tsutsugaki (/wiki/Tsutsugaki) Warp printing (/wiki/Warp_printing) Waxed cotton (/wiki/Waxed_cotton) Woodblock printing (/wiki/Woodblock_printing_on_textiles) Yūzen (/wiki/Y%C5%ABzen) Fabric mills Carlo Barbera (/wiki/Carlo_Barbera) Cerruti (/wiki/Lanificio_Fratelli_Cerruti) Dormeuil (/wiki/Dormeuil) E. Thomas (/wiki/E._Thomas) Holland & Sherry (/wiki/Holland_%26_Sherry) Larusmiani (/wiki/Larusmiani) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Piacenza Reda (/wiki/Reda_(fabric_mill)) Scabal (/wiki/Scabal) Vitale Barberis Canonico (/wiki/Vitale_Barberis_Canonico) Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) Manufacturing industry Design (/wiki/Textile_design) Manufacturing (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing) Performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) Preservation (/wiki/Textile_preservation) Recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Terminology (/wiki/Glossary_of_textile_manufacturing) Related Dyeing (/wiki/Dyeing) Fiber (/wiki/Fiber) History of textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of silk (/wiki/History_of_silk) Knitting (/wiki/Knitting) Pandy (/wiki/Fulling_mill) Shrinkage (/wiki/Shrinkage_(fabric)) Swatches and strike-offs (/wiki/Textile_sample) Synthetic fabric (/wiki/Synthetic_fabric) Weaving (/wiki/Weaving) Yarn (/wiki/Yarn) This Italian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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The Lanificio Fratelli Cerruti is an Italian privately held business which produces fine fabrics (/wiki/Fabric) for haute couture. Founded in 1881 by Antonio Cerruti together with his two brothers and a cousin, it has since been managed by the Cerruti family and is currently owned by Fratelli Piacenza (/wiki/Fratelli_Piacenza) . It is a separate company from the Cerruti 1881 (/wiki/Cerruti_1881) luxury fashion house owned by the Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) conglomerate Trinity Ltd., [1] (#cite_note-1) which was in turn purchased by Shandong Ruyi (/wiki/Shandong_Ruyi) in 2017. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-Trinity-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) As of 2019, the Lanificio still produces 100% of its fabrics in the Biella headquarters. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2022 Gruppo Piacenza S.p.a. (/wiki/Fratelli_Piacenza) bought the company. [6] (#cite_note-6) See also [ edit ] Nino Cerruti (/wiki/Nino_Cerruti) High Fashion (/wiki/High_Fashion) References [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "High-end to luxury menswear and accessories" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120728095734/http://www.trinity-limited.com/en/home.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.trinity-limited.com/en/home.html) on 28 July 2012 . Retrieved 1 August 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "China's Shandong Ruyi expands fashion empire with Bally" (https://www.reuters.com/article/bally-ma-shandongruyi/chinas-shandong-ruyi-expands-fashion-empire-with-bally-idUSL8N1PZ61T) . Reuters . 9 February 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-Trinity_3-0) WW, FashionNetwork com. "China's Trinity Limited buys Cerruti" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/China-s-trinity-limited-buys-cerruti,141996.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2020-01-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Crompton, Simon (July 29, 2013). "ITALY'S MILLS AND MERCHANTS EXPLAINED" (https://www.permanentstyle.com/2013/07/italys-mills-and-merchants-explained.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Il rilancio del Lanificio F.lli Cerruti" (https://designdiffusion.com/2019/03/19/il-rilancio-del-lanificio-f-lli-cerruti/) . 20 October 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Tessile, il Gruppo Piacenza rileva il 100% del Lanificio Cerruti" (https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/tessile-gruppo-piacenza-rileva-100percento-lanificio-cerruti-AEglWIEC?refresh_ce=1) (in Italian) . Retrieved 20 October 2023 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.lanificiocerruti.com/) Lanificio Fratelli Cerruti (https://www.instagram.com/lanificiocerruti/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) v t e Fabric (/wiki/Textile) Types Woven (/wiki/Woven_fabric) Abacá cloth (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1#Textiles) (Medriñaque) Aertex (/wiki/Aertex) Armazine (/wiki/Armazine) Almerían silk (/wiki/Almer%C3%ADan_silk) Barathea (/wiki/Barathea) Barkcloth (/wiki/Barkcloth) Batiste (/wiki/Batiste) Bedford cord (/wiki/Bedford_cord) Bengaline (/wiki/Bengaline) Beta cloth (/wiki/Beta_cloth) Bombazine (/wiki/Bombazine) Brilliantine (/wiki/Brilliantine_(fabric)) Broadcloth (/wiki/Broadcloth) Buckram (/wiki/Buckram) Bunting (/wiki/Bunting_(textile)) Burlap (/wiki/Hessian_fabric) Byrd Cloth (/wiki/Byrd_Cloth) C change (/wiki/C_change) Calico (/wiki/Calico) Cambric (/wiki/Cambric) Canvas (/wiki/Canvas) Chambray (/wiki/Cambric) Capilene (/wiki/Capilene) Cedar bark textile (/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile) Challis (/wiki/Challis_(fabric)) Char cloth (/wiki/Char_cloth) Charmeuse (/wiki/Charmeuse) Charvet (/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)) Cheesecloth (/wiki/Cheesecloth) Chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) Chino (/wiki/Chino_cloth) Chintz (/wiki/Chintz) Cloqué (/wiki/Cloqu%C3%A9) Cloth of gold (/wiki/Cloth_of_gold) Cordura (/wiki/Cordura) Corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) Cotton duck (/wiki/Cotton_duck) Coutil (/wiki/Coutil) Crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) Cretonne (/wiki/Cretonne) Denim (/wiki/Denim) Dimity (/wiki/Dimity) Donegal tweed (/wiki/Donegal_tweed) Dornix (/wiki/Dornix) Dowlas (/wiki/Dowlas) Drill (/wiki/Drill_(fabric)) Drugget (/wiki/Drugget) Eolienne (/wiki/Eolienne) Flannel (/wiki/Flannel) Foulard (/wiki/Foulard) Fustian (/wiki/Fustian) Gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) Gauze (/wiki/Gauze) Gazar (/wiki/Gazar) Georgette (/wiki/Georgette_(fabric)) Ghalamkar (/wiki/Ghalamkar) Gingham (/wiki/Gingham) Grenadine (/wiki/Grenadine_(cloth)) Grenfell Cloth (/wiki/Grenfell_Cloth) Grosgrain (/wiki/Grosgrain) Habutai (/wiki/Habutai) Haircloth (/wiki/Haircloth) Harris tweed (/wiki/Harris_tweed) Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) Himroo (/wiki/Himroo) Hodden (/wiki/Hodden) Irish linen (/wiki/Irish_linen) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kerseymere (/wiki/Kerseymere) Khādī (/wiki/Kh%C4%81d%C4%AB) Khaki drill (/wiki/Khaki_drill) Kijōka-bashōfu (/wiki/Kij%C5%8Dka-bash%C5%8Dfu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) Lawn (/wiki/Lawn_cloth) Linsey-woolsey (/wiki/Linsey-woolsey) Loden (/wiki/Loden_cape) Longcloth (/wiki/Longcloth) Mackinaw (/wiki/Mackinaw_cloth) Madapollam (/wiki/Madapollam) Madras (/wiki/Madras_(cloth)) Moleskin (/wiki/Moleskin) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nainsook (/wiki/Nainsook) Nankeen (/wiki/Nankeen) Ninon (/wiki/Ninon) Oilskin (/wiki/Oilskin) Organdy (/wiki/Organdy) Organza (/wiki/Organza) Osnaburg (/wiki/Osnaburg) Ottoman (/wiki/Ottoman_(textile)) Oxford (/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)) Paduasoy (/wiki/Paduasoy) Percale (/wiki/Percale) Perpetuana (/wiki/Perpetuana) Pongee (/wiki/Pongee) Poplin (/wiki/Poplin) Rakematiz (/wiki/Rakematiz) Rayadillo (/wiki/Rayadillo) Rep (/wiki/Rep_(fabric)) Ripstop (/wiki/Ripstop) Russell cord (/wiki/Russell_cord) Saga Nishiki (/wiki/Saga_Nishiki) Samite (/wiki/Samite) Sateen (/wiki/Sateen) Satin (/wiki/Satin) Saye (/wiki/Saye) Scarlet (/wiki/Scarlet_(cloth)) Seerhand muslin (/wiki/Seerhand_muslin) Seersucker (/wiki/Seersucker) Sendal (/wiki/Sendal) Serge (/wiki/Serge_(fabric)) Scrim (/wiki/Scrim_(material)) Shot silk (/wiki/Shot_silk) Stuff (/wiki/Stuff_(cloth)) Taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) Tais (/wiki/Tais) Tartan (/wiki/Tartan) Ticking (/wiki/Ticking) Toile (/wiki/Toile) Tucuyo (/wiki/Tucuyo) Tweed (/wiki/Tweed) Twill (/wiki/Twill) Ultrasuede (/wiki/Ultrasuede) Vegetable flannel (/wiki/Vegetable_flannel) Ventile (/wiki/Ventile) Vinyl coated polyester (/wiki/Vinyl_coated_polyester) Viyella (/wiki/Viyella) Voile (/wiki/Voile) Wadmal (/wiki/Wadmal) Waffle (/wiki/Waffle_fabric) Wigan (/wiki/Wigan_(fabric)) Whipcord (/wiki/Whipcord) Zephyr (/wiki/Zephyr_cloth) Zorbeez (/wiki/Zorbeez) Figured woven Brocade (/wiki/Brocade) Camlet (/wiki/Camlet) Damask (/wiki/Damask) Lampas (/wiki/Lampas) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Rinzu (/wiki/Rinzu) Pile woven (/wiki/Pile_(textile)) Baize (/wiki/Baize) Chenille (/wiki/Chenille_fabric) Corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) Crimplene (/wiki/Crimplene) Fustian (/wiki/Fustian) Mockado (/wiki/Mockado) Moquette (/wiki/Moquette) Plush (/wiki/Plush) Polar fleece (/wiki/Polar_fleece) Terrycloth (/wiki/Terrycloth) Velours du Kasaï (/wiki/Velours_du_Kasa%C3%AF) Velvet (/wiki/Velvet) Velveteen (/wiki/Velveteen) Zibeline (/wiki/Zibeline) Nonwoven (/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric) Felt (/wiki/Felt) Cedar bark (/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile) Knitted (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) Boiled wool (/wiki/Boiled_wool) Coolmax (/wiki/Coolmax) Machine knitting (/wiki/Knitting_machine) Milliskin (/wiki/Milliskin) Jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) Velour (/wiki/Velour) Netted (/wiki/Net_(textile)) Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Carbon fibers (/wiki/Carbon_fibers) Lace (/wiki/Lace) Mesh (/wiki/Mesh) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Ninon (/wiki/Ninon) Tulle (/wiki/Tulle_netting) Technical (/wiki/Technical_textile) Ballistic nylon (/wiki/Ballistic_nylon) Ban-Lon (/wiki/Ban-Lon) Conductive textile (/wiki/Conductive_textile) Darlexx (/wiki/Darlexx) E-textiles (/wiki/E-textiles) Gannex (/wiki/Gannex) Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) Lenticular fabric (/wiki/Lenticular_fabric) Silnylon (/wiki/Silnylon) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Stub-tex (/wiki/Stub-tex) SympaTex (/wiki/SympaTex) Windstopper (/wiki/Windstopper) Patterns Argyle (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) Bizarre silk (/wiki/Bizarre_silk) Check (/wiki/Check_(pattern)) Chiné (/wiki/Warp_printing) Glen plaid (/wiki/Glen_plaid) Herringbone (/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)) Houndstooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) Kelsch (/wiki/Kelsch_d%27Alsace) Paisley (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) Pinstripes (/wiki/Pinstripes) Polka dot (/wiki/Polka_dot) Shweshwe (/wiki/Shweshwe) Tartan or plaid (/wiki/Tartan) Tattersall (/wiki/Tattersall_(cloth)) Textile fibers (/wiki/Fiber) Abacá (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1) (Manila hemp) Acrylic (/wiki/Acrylic_fiber) Alpaca (/wiki/Alpaca_fiber) Angora (/wiki/Angora_wool) Bashō (/wiki/Musa_basjoo) Cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) Coir (/wiki/Coir) Cotton (/wiki/Cotton) Eisengarn (/wiki/Eisengarn) Hemp (/wiki/Hemp) Jute (/wiki/Jute) Kevlar (/wiki/Kevlar) Linen (/wiki/Linen) Mohair (/wiki/Mohair) Nylon (/wiki/Nylon) Microfiber (/wiki/Microfiber) Olefin (/wiki/Olefin_fiber) Pashmina (/wiki/Pashmina) Polyester (/wiki/Polyester) Piña (/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a) Ramie (/wiki/Ramie) Rayon (/wiki/Rayon) Sea silk (/wiki/Sea_silk) Silk (/wiki/Silk) Sisal (/wiki/Sisal) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Spider silk (/wiki/Spider_silk) Wool (/wiki/Wool) Finishing (/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)) and printing (/wiki/Textile_printing) Androsia (/wiki/Androsia) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Beetling (/wiki/Beetling) Bingata (/wiki/Bingata) Bògòlanfini (/wiki/B%C3%B2g%C3%B2lanfini) Burnout (/wiki/Devor%C3%A9) Calendering (/wiki/Calendering_(textiles)) Decatising (/wiki/Decatising) Devoré (/wiki/Devor%C3%A9) Finishing (/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)) Fulling (/wiki/Fulling) Heatsetting (/wiki/Heatsetting) Indienne (/wiki/Indienne) Kasuri (/wiki/Kasuri) Katazome (/wiki/Katazome) Mercerization (/wiki/Mercerised_cotton) Moire (/wiki/Moire_(fabric)) Nap (/wiki/Nap_(textile)) Parchmentising (/wiki/Parchmentising) Rogan printing (/wiki/Rogan_printing) Rōketsuzome (/wiki/R%C5%8Dketsuzome) Roller printing (/wiki/Roller_printing_on_textiles) Sanforization (/wiki/Sanforization) Tenterhook (/wiki/Tenterhook) Textile printing (/wiki/Textile_printing) Tsutsugaki (/wiki/Tsutsugaki) Warp printing (/wiki/Warp_printing) Waxed cotton (/wiki/Waxed_cotton) Woodblock printing (/wiki/Woodblock_printing_on_textiles) Yūzen (/wiki/Y%C5%ABzen) Fabric mills Carlo Barbera (/wiki/Carlo_Barbera) Cerruti Dormeuil (/wiki/Dormeuil) E. Thomas (/wiki/E._Thomas) Holland & Sherry (/wiki/Holland_%26_Sherry) Larusmiani (/wiki/Larusmiani) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Piacenza (/wiki/Fratelli_Piacenza) Reda (/wiki/Reda_(fabric_mill)) Scabal (/wiki/Scabal) Vitale Barberis Canonico (/wiki/Vitale_Barberis_Canonico) Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) Manufacturing industry Design (/wiki/Textile_design) Manufacturing (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing) Performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) Preservation (/wiki/Textile_preservation) Recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Terminology (/wiki/Glossary_of_textile_manufacturing) Related Dyeing (/wiki/Dyeing) Fiber (/wiki/Fiber) History of textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) History of silk (/wiki/History_of_silk) Knitting (/wiki/Knitting) Pandy (/wiki/Fulling_mill) Shrinkage (/wiki/Shrinkage_(fabric)) Swatches and strike-offs (/wiki/Textile_sample) Synthetic fabric (/wiki/Synthetic_fabric) Weaving (/wiki/Weaving) Yarn (/wiki/Yarn) This Italian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lanificio_Fratelli_Cerruti&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐lpxtj Cached time: 20240712185855 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.351 seconds Real time usage: 0.745 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 720/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41760/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1064/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35356/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16982238/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 380.147 1 -total 44.40% 168.804 1 Template:Textile 27.81% 105.726 1 Template:Reflist 22.83% 86.802 7 Template:Transl 22.37% 85.047 5 Template:Cite_web 11.29% 42.913 1 Template:Portal 6.84% 26.012 1 Template:Official 5.07% 19.271 1 Template:Instagram 4.46% 16.960 1 Template:Italy-company-stub 4.00% 15.206 1 Template:Asbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76206296-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712185855 and revision id 1233414165. 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Nashville Fashion Week Nashville Fashion Week in 2016 (Julianna Bass Collection) Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Date(s) spring and fall Frequency semi annual Location(s) Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) Inaugurated 2011 Website Official website (https://www.nashvillefashionweek.com/) Nashville Fashion Week (NFW) , a citywide event typically held in March or April, is a celebration of Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) 's fashion and retail community featuring local, regional and national design talent in fashion events and shows. Beginnings [ edit ] Showcasing his Fall/Winter Collection in March 2011, Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) was the first major designer to headline Nashville Fashion Week (formerly Lexus Nashville Fashion Week ) alongside fashion designer Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The following year, a runway presentation featuring Versace (/wiki/Versace) was held at the historic Parthenon (/wiki/Parthenon_(Nashville)) , a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon (/wiki/Parthenon) in Athens (/wiki/Athens) , Greece. Fashion designer Randi Rahm (/wiki/Randi_Rahm) closed NFW 2012 showing her collection at The Pinnacle at Symphony Place (/wiki/The_Pinnacle_at_Symphony_Place) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Runway Shows [ edit ] Fashion Designer(s) Year Akiko, Amanda Valentine, Aman Stovall, Ben Sherman (/wiki/Ben_Sherman) , Betsey Johnson (/wiki/Betsey_Johnson) , Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) , Cooper by Courtney Warren, Coquette, Gado Gado, Gustavo Cadile (/wiki/Gustavo_Cadile) , Jamie and the Jones, Julianna Bass, Katherine Kidd, Kevork Kiledjian, Leona, Loretta Jane, Melissa Tabor, Norma Clare, Olia Zavozina, Robert Graham (/wiki/Robert_Graham_(fashion_brand)) , Shea Steele, Steven Oo (/wiki/Steven_Oo) , Sylvia Heisel, T. Rains (/wiki/Traver_Rains) , Union of Angels 2011 Amanda Valentine, Amy B., Black by Maria Silver, Brittany Blair, By Smith, Eva Franco, G-Star Raw (/wiki/G-Star_Raw) , James and the Jones, Julianna Bass, Kal Rieman, Katherine Kidd, Leona, Magid Bernard, Truly Alvarenga, Randi Rahm (/wiki/Randi_Rahm) , Red Doll, Shea Steele, Sjobeck, Sylvia Heisel, T. Rains, Trunk, Tuft, Wai Ming, Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Zang Toi 2012 Amanda Valentine, Black by Maria Silver, Bone Feather, Circle of Gentleman, Eric Adler Clothing, Fanny & June, Nadeau, Margaret Ellis Jewelry, Megan Huntz, Ola Mai, Ona Rex, Peter Nappi, Truly Alvarenga, Religion, Rinjuel, Seraphine Design, Shutters & Shuttles, Timo Weiland (/wiki/Timo_Weiland) , Van Hoang [6] (#cite_note-6) 2015 Brooke Atwood, Megan Huntz, Lagi Nadeau, Truly Alvarenga, Ashley Balding, Denise Roxen, and Amanda Valentine, along with NFW newcomers including Daniella Kallmeyer, Michael Drummond, Afriyie Poku, and Francesca Marotta [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) 2016 Amanda Valentine, Andrew Gallivan, Any Old Iron, Cavanagh Baker, Fauxgerty, Nadeau, Lily Guilder Design, Article X, Michael Drummond, Minxx, Nasheli Juliana, Ona Rex, Patrick Assaraf, Shea Steele, Splashed by DKG, Truly Alvaranga [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) 2017 Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) , Amanda Casarez, Andrew Gallivan, Any Old Iron, Ariel Inc, Barbara Bultman, Black by Maria Silver, Demestik by Reuben Reuel, Eileen Kelly, Faherty, Fauxgerty, Hickey Freeman Tailors Gold, H American Tailor, Julianna Bass, Justin Mark Richards, Nadeau, Laura Citron, Lily Guilder Design, Ola Mai, Ona Rex, Shea Steele, Splashed by DKG, Truly Alvarenga, Yellowcake Shop [12] (#cite_note-12) 2018 Nashville Fashion Forward Fund (NFFF) [ edit ] The Nashville Fashion Forward Fund is an endowed fund that supports the next generation of fashion industry professionals with ties to Middle Tennessee by providing an annual financial award and resources for experiential professional development opportunities. [13] (#cite_note-13) Recipients of the Nashville Fashion Forward Fund (NFFF) Fashion Designer(s) Year Julianna Bass 2011 Lauren Leonard Phelps 2012 Elise Joseph 2013 Ceri Hoover 2014 Eric Adler 2015 Brett Warren [14] (#cite_note-14) 2016 Maria Silver [15] (#cite_note-15) 2017 Van Hoang [16] (#cite_note-16) 2018 Megan Prange 2019 Haley Maddox 2022 See also [ edit ] Fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Odell, Amy (2011-03-29). "Christian Siriano Is Headlining Nashville Fashion Week" (https://www.thecut.com/2011/03/christian_siriano_is_headlinin.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Aycock, Cathi. "Christian Siriano loves Nashville style" (https://www.tennessean.com/story/life/2014/04/29/christian-siriano-loves-nashville-style/8493987/) . The Tennessean . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Lo, Danica (2011-03-28). "Christian Siriano & Betsey Johnson to Show at Nashville Fashion Week" (https://www.racked.com/2011/3/28/7769679/christian-siriano-betsey-johnson-to-show-at-nashville-fashion-week) . Racked . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Haruch, Steve (2012-01-31). "Nashville Fashion Week 2012: Last Chance for Designers, First Chance for All-Access Passes" (https://www.nashvillescene.com/arts_culture/nashville-fashion-week-2012-last-chance-for-designers-first-chance-for-all-access-passes/article_7d428742-1c4f-57d8-8c5a-3fc5677f9ae2.html) . Nashville Scene . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) White, Abby (2012-03-29). "Skin, sin and spin at Nashville Fashion Week 2012" (https://www.nashvillescene.com/arts_culture/skin-sin-and-spin-at-nashville-fashion-week-2012/article_f8dada40-6a33-5a01-aaa9-fa29ffc00804.html) . Nashville Scene . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Todd, Jen. "Nashville Fashion Week announces schedule" (https://www.tennessean.com/story/life/2015/03/03/nashville-fashion-week-announces-schedule/24334159/) . The Tennessean . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gemmill, Kendall Mitchell. "Nashville Fashion Week opening night" (https://www.tennessean.com/story/life/entertainment/12th/2016/04/06/nashville-fashion-week-opening-night/82695810/) . The Tennessean . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Vissman, Donna (2016-04-02). "Nashville Fashion Week Holds 3 Runway Shows" (https://williamsonsource.com/nashville-fashion-week-holds-3-runway-shows/) . Williamson Source . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Osburn, Claire (2016-04-02). "Nashville Fashion Week - 2016" (https://nashvillelifestyles.com/api/content/3d710790-c96d-5943-b3f5-7c390347f354/) . Nashville Lifestyles . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Salado, Solana (2017-04-22). "Nuns, Burning Man and Japanese Art: The Diverse Collections of Nashville Fashion Week 2017" (https://parade.com/564681/solanahawkenson/nuns-burning-man-and-japanese-art-the-diverse-collections-of-nashville-fashion-week-2017/) . Parade . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Release, Press (2017-04-02). "Designer Margaret Roberts to Make Her Nashville Fashion Week Debut With MINXX" (https://www.thecountrynote.com/in-the-news/designer-margaret-roberts-to-make-her-nashville-fashion-week-debut-with-minxx/) . The Country Note . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Anderson, Wendy. "Nashville Fashion Week addresses diversity issues" (https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2018/01/30/nashville-fashion-week-addresses-diversity-issues/1081191001/) . The Tennessean . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Carlyle, Elliot. "Nashville Reimagines Fashion Week in 2021" (https://cfda.com/news/nashville-reimagines-fashion-week-in-2021) . CFDA . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Alfs, Lizzy. "Brett Warren thrives as Nashville fashion photographer" (https://www.tennessean.com/story/money/2017/03/30/brett-warren-thrives-nashville-fashion-photographer/99352512/) . The Tennessean . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Hutson, Laura (2018-03-29). "Talking to Nashville Fashion Forward Fund Recipient Maria 'Poni' Silver" (https://www.nashvillescene.com/arts_culture/coverstory/talking-to-nashville-fashion-forward-fund-recipient-maria-poni-silver/article_d9ab003b-225e-5050-9e4b-adc3abcb64a8.html) . Nashville Scene . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Van Hoang: Nashville Fashion Forward Award Recipient \| Belmont University News & Media" (https://news.belmont.edu/van-hoang-nashville-fashion-forward-award-recipient/) . 2019-02-05 . Retrieved 2024-03-10 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to fashion_weeks (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:fashion_weeks) . Nashville Fashion Week Official Site (https://nashvillefashionweek.com) v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐ktz56 Cached time: 20240721103402 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.803 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1433/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 45372/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1023/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 70590/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.267/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4550304/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 448.237 1 -total 38.33% 171.826 1 Template:Reflist 33.46% 149.962 16 Template:Cite_web 23.11% 103.570 1 Template:Big_4_Fashion_Weeks 21.10% 94.580 1 Template:Navbox 20.89% 93.658 1 Template:Infobox_recurring_event 19.87% 89.077 1 Template:Infobox 15.79% 70.772 1 Template:Commons_category 12.44% 55.740 1 Template:Sister_project 11.92% 53.419 1 Template:Side_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76318032-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721103402 and revision id 1234561220. 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Aspect of popular culture David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) and Cher (/wiki/Cher) in 1975. Music and fashion have long been closely linked. Artistic movements in music (/wiki/Music) have often been associated with distinct fashions (/wiki/Fashion) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Both industries have also had considerable influence on each other. Many famous musicians have also had notable styles and influenced fashion. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Grunge [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from Grunge fashion (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grunge_fashion&action=edit) ] Grunge fashion (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) refers to the clothing, accessories and hairstyles of the grunge (/wiki/Grunge) music genre. This subculture (/wiki/Subculture) emerged in mid-1980s Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) , and had reached wide popularity by the mid 1990s. Grunge fashion is characterized by durable and timeless thrift-store clothing (/wiki/Thrift_store_chic) , often worn in a loose, androgynous manner to de-emphasize the silhouette. The style was popularized by music bands Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) , Soundgarden (/wiki/Soundgarden) and Pearl Jam (/wiki/Pearl_Jam) . Heavy metal [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from Heavy metal fashion (/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heavy_metal_fashion&action=edit) ] Judas Priest (/wiki/Judas_Priest) , in typical heavy metal stage attire, performing at the VH1 Rock Honors (/wiki/VH1_Rock_Honors) on May 25, 2006. Heavy metal fashion (/wiki/Heavy_metal_fashion) is the style of dress, body modification (/wiki/Body_modification) , make-up (/wiki/Make-up) , hairstyle, and so on, taken on by fans of heavy metal (/wiki/Heavy_metal_music) , or, as they are often called, metalheads (/wiki/Heavy_metal_subculture) or headbangers. While the style has changed from the 1970s to the 2020s, certain key elements have remained constant, such as black clothes, long hair and leather jackets (/wiki/Leather_jackets) . In the 1980s, some bands began wearing spandex (/wiki/Spandex) . Other attire includes denim or leather vests or jackets with band patches and logos, t-shirts (/wiki/T-shirts) with band names, and spiked wristbands. It can also include, with heavier subgenres of metal: bullet belts, gas masks, and war gear. Hip-hop [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from Hip hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hip_hop_fashion&action=edit) ] Rapper Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) back in 2009 show overalls Hip-hop fashion (/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion) (also known as rap fashion) refers to the various styles of dress (/wiki/Clothing) that originated from Urban Black America (/wiki/African_Americans) and inner city youth in cities like New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , and Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . Being a major part of hip hop culture (/wiki/Hip_hop_(culture)) , it further developed in other cities across the United States, [5] (#cite_note-5) with each contributing different elements to the overall style that is now recognized worldwide. Mod [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from Mod (subculture) (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod_(subculture)&action=edit) ] Mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) , from the word modernist, is a subculture (/wiki/Subculture) that began in 1950s London (/wiki/London) and spread throughout Great Britain, eventually influencing fashions and trends in other countries. [6] (#cite_note-Mod_(subculture)_life-6) It continues today on a smaller scale. Focused on music and fashion, the subculture has its roots in a small group of stylish London-based young men and women in the late 1950s who were termed modernists because they listened to modern jazz (/wiki/Modern_jazz) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Elements of the mod subculture include fashion (often tailor-made suits); music (including soul (/wiki/Soul_music) , rhythm and blues (/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues) , ska (/wiki/Ska) and mainly jazz (/wiki/Jazz) ) and motor scooters (usually Lambretta (/wiki/Lambretta) or Vespa (/wiki/Vespa) ). In the mid-1960s, the subculture listened to rock (/wiki/Rock_music) groups such as the Who (/wiki/The_Who) and Small Faces (/wiki/Small_Faces) . The original mod scene was associated with amphetamine (/wiki/Amphetamine) -fuelled all-night jazz dancing at clubs. [8] (#cite_note-Mod_(subculture)_medicine-8) Punk [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from Punk fashion (/wiki/Punk_fashion) . [ edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punk_fashion&action=edit) ] Punk fashion circa 1986, a hairstyle with dyed red liberty spikes (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Punk fashion (/wiki/Punk_fashion) is the clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyles) , cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) , jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) , and body modifications (/wiki/Body_modification) of the punk counterculture (/wiki/Punk_counterculture) . Punk fashion varies widely, ranging from Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) designs to styles modeled on bands like The Exploited (/wiki/The_Exploited) to the dressed-down look of North American hardcore. The distinct social dress of other subcultures and art movements, including glam rock (/wiki/Glam_rock) , skinheads (/wiki/Skinheads) , greasers (/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)) , and mods (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) have influenced punk fashion. Punk fashion has likewise influenced the styles of these groups, as well as those of popular culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) . Many punks use clothing as a way of making a statement. [9] (#cite_note-Punk_fashion_Hudson-9) Punk fashion has long been commercialized, [10] (#cite_note-10) with well-established fashion designers like Zandra Rhodes (/wiki/Zandra_Rhodes) , [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Thierry Mugler (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) , [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Stephen Sprouse (/wiki/Stephen_Sprouse) , [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) and Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) using punk elements in their production and the first punk-influenced fashion spreads appearing in mainstream fashion magazines as early as 1976. [22] (#cite_note-22) The early, pre-fame work of designer Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) helped pioneer the look of early British punk with her scene-establishing clothing shops Sex (/wiki/Sex_(boutique)) and Seditionaries (/wiki/Sex_(boutique)#Seditionaries) in the mid-1970s, co-run with Malcolm McLaren (/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren) who managed the Sex Pistols (/wiki/Sex_Pistols) . Westwood was asked by then-partner McLaren to outfit the Sex Pistols, and Westwood's designs found a canvas on Johnny Rotten and Sid Vicious. [23] (#cite_note-23) Her early work with Sex and the Sex Pistols helped to establish her as one of the most influential British designers of the 20th century. [24] (#cite_note-24) See also [ edit ] Indie sleaze (/wiki/Indie_sleaze) Beatle boot (/wiki/Beatle_boot) Fashion of Madonna (/wiki/Fashion_of_Madonna) Cultural impact of Michael Jackson (fashion) (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Michael_Jackson#Fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "How Does Music Impact Fashion?" (https://www.lmtmusicacademy.co.uk/how-does-music-impact-fashion) . LMT Music Academy . 2024-01-18 . Retrieved 2024-04-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hardcastle, Kate. "Taylor-Made Success: The Power Of Music & Fashion's 'Special Relationship' (https://www.forbes.com/sites/katehardcastle/2024/01/19/taylor-made-success-the-power-of-music--fashions-special-relationship/) " (https://www.forbes.com/sites/katehardcastle/2024/01/19/taylor-made-success-the-power-of-music--fashions-special-relationship/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2024-04-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "From Madonna to J.Lo, Lizzo and Britney, take a look back at 32 of the most iconic fashion moments in music history" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/fashion-moments-in-music-history) . Glamour UK . 2021-07-15 . Retrieved 2024-04-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Jackson, Claire. "Classical music's enduring relationship with fashion" (https://www.classical-music.com/articles/classical-musics-enduring-relationship-with-fashion) . Classical Music . Retrieved 2024-04-12 – via BBC Music (/wiki/BBC_Music) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Complete Story Of How Hip-Hop Changed The Way We Dress" (https://www.fashionbeans.com/article/hip-hop-style/) . FashionBeans . Retrieved 2019-08-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mod_(subculture)_life_6-0) Grossman, Henry; Spencer, Terrance; Saton, Ernest (1966-05-13). "Revolution in Men's Clothes: Mod Fashions from Britain are Making a Smash in the U.S." (https://books.google.com/books?id=IVYEAAAAMBAJ&q=May+13%2C+1966) Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) . pp. 82–88. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Jaquest, Oonagh (May 2003). "Jeff Noon on The Modernists" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/stage/2003/05/mods/index.shtml) . BBC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090111051416/http://www.bbc.co.uk/southyorkshire/stage/2003/05/mods/index.shtml) from the original on 11 January 2009 . Retrieved 11 October 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mod_(subculture)_medicine_8-0) Wilson, Dr. Andrew (2008). "Mixing the Medicine: The Unintended Consequence of Amphetamine Control on the Northern Soul Scene" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110713045851/http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Wilson%20-%20Mixing%20the%20Medicine.pdf) (PDF) . Internet Journal of Criminology . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2045-6743 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2045-6743) . Archived from the original (http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Wilson%20-%20Mixing%20the%20Medicine.pdf) (PDF) on 13 July 2011 . Retrieved 11 October 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-Punk_fashion_Hudson_9-0) Hudson, Alice (2016). "Understanding the Politics of Punk Clothing from 1976 to 1980 Using Surviving Objects and Oral Testimony" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180403122756/http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/199655/Understanding-the-Politics-of-Punk-Clothing.pdf) (PDF) . University of Brighton (Dissertation). Archived from the original (http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/199655/Understanding-the-Politics-of-Punk-Clothing.pdf) (PDF) on 2018-04-03 . Retrieved 2019-02-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hyde, Nina S. (/wiki/Nina_Hyde) (1978-01-01). "Fashion Notes" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/01/01/fashion-notes/d8df3044-440b-4fbf-a216-7c263cbd2d5b/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ...[P]unk...has inspired the huge trash cans with shoulder ropes being sold...as trendy carryalls at New York's Fiorucci. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Mulvagh, Jane (1988). "1977". Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion . London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. p. 356. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-670-80172-0 . 1977: Rhodes presented a 'punk' collection of ripped, zipped and safety-pinned jersey evening dress... ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hyde, Nina S. (/wiki/Nina_Hyde) (1977-10-29). "And Now 'Punk Chic' (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/10/29/and-now-punk-chic/ef17f57e-977b-4f6a-a2ff-c35e328ab1bd/) " (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/10/29/and-now-punk-chic/ef17f57e-977b-4f6a-a2ff-c35e328ab1bd/) . The Washington Post . The French are not the first to exploit punk fashion. British fashion designer Zandra Rhodes incorporated rips and tears and safety pins into $600 silk crepe dresses a season back [spring 1977]. Stores like Sakowitz in Houston sold them 'rather well,' according to Robert Sakowitz, the store owner. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Morris, Bernadine (1977-09-17). "All Around Town, a Week of Lavish Couture Openings" (https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/17/archives/all-around-town-a-week-of-lavish-couture-openings.html) . The New York Times : 19 . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ...Zandra Rhodes, the British designer who transcribed the punk rock image into the idiom of high fashion....Zandra Rhodes...catapulted 'punk rock' to the fashion world's attention....The style is characterized by cutouts, safety pins and chains...In Miss Rhode's versions, there was not much of the aggressive, sadistic punk rock flavor. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Hyde, Nina S. (/wiki/Nina_Hyde) (1977-10-24). "Thinking Big for Spring" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/10/24/thinking-big-for-spring/69607aa7-4a9e-4e4a-882e-32172a15cdc6/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved 2022-02-07 . There is punk influence at Thierry Mugler, including a punk model with fluorescent yellow hair... ^ (#cite_ref-15) Hyde, Nina S. (/wiki/Nina_Hyde) (1977-10-29). "And Now 'Punk Chic' (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/10/29/and-now-punk-chic/ef17f57e-977b-4f6a-a2ff-c35e328ab1bd/) " (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1977/10/29/and-now-punk-chic/ef17f57e-977b-4f6a-a2ff-c35e328ab1bd/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . At Thierry Mugler, black leather and safety-pin jewelry showed up on the runway worn by the cool, blonde [French punk icon] Edwige. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Mulvagh, Jane (1988). "1976-1986". Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion . London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. p. 345. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-670-80172-0 . ...Jean-Paul Gaultier fused the showmanship of a couture training...with the design anarchy borrowed from London's streets... ^ (#cite_ref-17) Cunningham, Bill (1986-03-01). "Bright Spring Fashion Takes a Brave New Direction". Details . IV (8). New York, NY: 98. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0740-4921 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0740-4921) . Jean Paul Gaultier...defines the neo-punk yuppies. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Cunningham, Bill (1988-03-01). "Fashionating Rhythm". Details . VI (8). New York, NY: Details Publishing Corp.: 119. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0740-4921 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0740-4921) . Stephen Sprouse...continues to manipulate...the Sixties hippie and Seventies punk influences... ^ (#cite_ref-19) Goodman, Wendy (1987-09-21). "Stephen Sprouse Tries a Comeback with a Solid New Store" (https://books.google.com/books?id=l-UCAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22stephen+sprouse%22&pg=PA139) . New York . 20 (37): 139 . Retrieved 2022-08-18 . Stephen Sprouse...T-shirts printed with safety pins, skulls, and barbed wire; eleven-inch micro-skirts in...camouflage patterns;...dresses covered with gold safety pins... ^ (#cite_ref-20) Nika, Colleen (September 14, 2011). "Exclusive: Anna Sui Discusses Her Spring 2012 Show and Punk Rock Heritage" (https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/exclusive-anna-sui-discusses-her-spring-2012-show-and-punk-rock-heritage-20110914) . rollingstone.com . Rolling Stone . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Drain, Kelsey (May 13, 2016). "Opening Ceremony, Anna Sui Capsule Collection Launches; Designer's '90s Pieces Reissued" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003738/http://www.fashiontimes.com/articles/26223/20160513/opening-ceremony-anna-sui-capsule-collection-launches-designers-90s-pieces.htm) . fashiontimes.com . Fashion Times. Archived from the original (http://www.fashiontimes.com/articles/26223/20160513/opening-ceremony-anna-sui-capsule-collection-launches-designers-90s-pieces.htm) on November 4, 2016 . Retrieved November 2, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Mulvagh, Jane (1988). "1976". Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion . London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. p. 353. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-670-80172-0 . 1976: The punk image began to be covered in Italian Vogue , which featured page after page of black clothing worn with aggressive accessories: low-slung, studded belts, leather knuckle-dusters, dog chains, and wrap-around sunglasses. Hair was dishevelled and tied with black lace ribbons. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Andrew, Scottie. "How Vivienne Westwood dressed the Sex Pistols and shaped punk" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/vivienne-westwood-punk-fashion-sex-pistols-cec/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2023-04-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Price, Authors: Shannon. "Vivienne Westwood (born 1941) and the Postmodern Legacy of Punk Style \| Essay \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art \| Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History" (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vivw/hd_vivw.html) . The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . Retrieved 2023-04-01 . 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Needle lace in Turkey Nallıhan silk needlelace ( Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_language) : Nallıhan ipek iğne oyası ) is a needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) ( Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_language) : Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) ) from Nallıhan (/wiki/Nall%C4%B1han) in Ankara (/wiki/Ankara_Province) , Turkey handcrafted using a needle and silk thread. [1] (#cite_note-h1-1) Silk farming (/wiki/Sericulture) has been done traditionally for centuries in Nallıhan. One room of almost every house in town is reserved for silkworm cocoons (/w/index.php?title=Silkworm_cocoon&action=edit&redlink=1) . Today, local women produce silk needle lace at home, and sale and export them through a cooperative they founded. A needle lace course is held for younger women of the region in order to include them in the traditional art. [1] (#cite_note-h1-1) Nallıhan was located northwestern of Ankara (/wiki/Ankara) in Central Anatolia on the historical trade route Silk Road (/wiki/Silk_Road) . For a long time, silkworms as well as rice and Angora goats (/wiki/Angora_goat) were raised in the town. By silk farming and operating yarn processing facilities, Nallıhan maintained its importance from the beginning until the middle of the 19th century. In the early 1900s, about 100-150 women were working in the silk yarn plant owned by an Armenian. [2] (#cite_note-fed-2) The silk needle lace, a folk art based on embrodery, was developed with techniques specific to the town in this period. In Turkey, knitting made using tools such as needles, crochet hooks (/wiki/Crochet_hook) and hairpins is collected under the name of oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) . Among these, needle lace is usually made by knotting silk thread into a loop with a needle. Traditional needle lace is produced in many other places of Turkey despite the differences in style, color, construction technique and tools used. [2] (#cite_note-fed-2) Changes in commercial value and cutting down of mulberry trees led to the gradual abandonment of silk farming in Nallıhan. Today, raw material for silk needlelace is rarely supplied locally or in households. Despite this, needle lace is part of the culture and economy of the town as a cultural heritage. [2] (#cite_note-fed-2) Some of the needle laces are named in accordance with their motifs such as "Çapkın Bıyığı" ("Flirtatious Mustache"), "Gönül Kurdu" ("Heartworm"), "Çalı Bakıldağı" ("Bushy Look"), "Elma Çiçeği" ("Apple Blossom"), "Hanım Penceresi" ("Lady's Window"), "Balık Kılçığı" ("Fishbone"), "Küpe Oya" "(Earring Lace"), "Garga Ağzı" ("Crow Beak") etc. [3] (#cite_note-nk-3) The Nallıhan silk needlelace was registered as a Geographical indication (/wiki/Geographical_indication) of origin on 15 February 2018. [4] (#cite_note-tp-4) [5] (#cite_note-m1-5) Bibliography [ edit ] Özcan, Fatma (1997). Nallıhan Yöresinde İğne Oyacılığı (in Turkish). Ankara: Kltür Bakanlığı Yayınları. p. 80. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 975-17-1843-0 . Retrieved 22 April 2024 . Kolektif (2012). Nallıhan'ın Meşhur İğne Oyaları (in Turkish). İstanbul: Tuva Yayıncılık. p. 88 . Retrieved 22 April 2024 . allıhan Yöresi Motifleri Açıklamalı İğne Oyası Rehberi (in Turkish). Tuva Yayıncılık. 2014. p. 96 . Retrieved 22 April 2024 . Başaran, Fatma Nur; Özge Kılıç (April 2014). "Nallıhan Cloth Weaving With Needlelace" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274452757_NALLIHAN_CLOTH_WEAVING_WITH_NEEDLE_LACE) . Journal of New World Sciences Academy . 9 (2): 17–27. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.2.2C0048 (https://doi.org/10.12739%2FNWSA.2014.9.2.2C0048) . Retrieved 22 April 2024 . Karabasa S.; Ç. Kara (2022). "Heritage of Lace The Inheritance Journey of Nallihan Needle Lace" (https://avesis.anadolu.edu.tr/yayin/d9becf54-0de0-46ed-9686-84ee2b468a44/heritage-of-lace-the-inheritance-journey-of-nallihan-needle-lace) . Folklore/Literaturei . 28 (2): 499–521 . Retrieved 22 April 2024 . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Nallıhan'ın ipek oyası" (https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/ankara/nallihanin-ipek-oyasi-40674720) . Hürriyet (/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet) (in Turkish). 11 December 2017 . Retrieved 21 April 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Karabaşa, Solmaz; Çiğdem Kara (2022). "Oyanin Mirası - Nallıhan İğne Oyasının Miras Olma Serüveni" (https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2390902) [Heritage of Lace - The Inheritance Journay of Nallıhan Needle Lace]. Folk/ed. Dergi (in Turkish). 29 (2). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.22559/folklor.2018 (https://doi.org/10.22559%2Ffolklor.2018) . 110 . Retrieved 21 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-nk_3-0) Özcan, Fatma (1997). Nallıhan Yöresinde İğne Oyacılığı (in Turkish). Ankara: Kltür Bakanlığı Yayınları. p. 80. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 975-17-1843-0 . Retrieved 22 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-tp_4-0) "Nallıhan İğne Oyası" (https://ci.turkpatent.gov.tr/cografi-isaretler/detay/38171) (in Turkish). Türk Patent . Retrieved 21 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-m1_5-0) "Nallıhan İğne Oyası Ve Örtmesi Coğrafi İşaret Tescili Aldı" (https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/ankara/nallihan-igne-oyasi-ve-ortmesi-cografi-isaret-tescili-aldi-13187425) . Milliyet (/wiki/Milliyet) (in Turkish). 30 November 2018 . Retrieved 21 April 2024 . v t e Lace (/wiki/Lace) types Needle lace (/wiki/Needle_lace) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Punto in Aria (/wiki/Punto_in_Aria) Point de Venise (/wiki/Point_de_Venise) Point de France (/wiki/Point_de_France) Alençon (/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on_lace) Aemilia Ars (/w/index.php?title=Aemilia_Ars&action=edit&redlink=1) Argentan (/wiki/Argentan_lace) Argentella (/wiki/Argentella) Armenian (/wiki/Armenian_needlelace) Burano (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merletto%20di%20Burano) Halas lace (/wiki/Halas_lace) Hedebo embroidery (/wiki/Hedebo_embroidery) Hollie Point (/wiki/Hollie_Point) Nallıhan Point de Gaze (/wiki/Point_de_Gaze) Kenmare Lace (/wiki/Kenmare_lace) Ñandutí (/wiki/%C3%91andut%C3%AD) Oya (/wiki/Oya_(lace)) Pag (/wiki/Pag_lace) Puncetto Valsesiano (/w/index.php?title=Puncetto_Valsesiano&action=edit&redlink=1) Tenerife (/wiki/Tenerife_lace) Youghal (/wiki/Youghal_lace) Embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) Buratto (/wiki/Buratto) Filet lace (/wiki/Filet_lace) Reticella (/wiki/Reticella) Limerick (/wiki/Limerick_lace) Needlerun net (/wiki/Needlerun_net) Tambour (/wiki/Tambour_lace) Cutwork (/wiki/Cutwork) Broderie anglaise (/wiki/Broderie_anglaise) Carrickmacross (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) Lefkara lace (/wiki/Lefkara_lace) Saba lace (/wiki/Saba_lace) Bobbin lace (/wiki/Bobbin_lace) Mesh grounds (/wiki/Mesh_grounded_bobbin_lace) Torchon (/wiki/Torchon_lace) Freehand (/wiki/Freehand_lace) Arras (/wiki/Arras_lace) Bayeux (/wiki/Bayeux_lace) Beeralu (/w/index.php?title=Beeralu&action=edit&redlink=1) Blonde (/wiki/Blonde_lace) Bucks point (/wiki/Bucks_point_lace) Chantilly (/wiki/Chantilly_lace) Chefoo (/w/index.php?title=Chefoo_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Cogne (/wiki/Cogne_lace) Tønder (/wiki/T%C3%B8nder_lace) Beveren (/wiki/Beveren_lace) Lille (/wiki/Lille_lace) Binche (/wiki/Binche_lace) Flanders (/wiki/Flanders_lace) Paris (/wiki/Paris_lace) Valenciennes (/wiki/Valenciennes_lace) Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp_lace) Mechlin (/wiki/Mechlin_lace) Ipswich (/wiki/Ipswich_lace) 's Gravenmoer (/w/index.php?title=%27s_Gravenmoer_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Mundillo (/wiki/Mundillo) Guipure (/wiki/Guipure) Greek (/wiki/Greek_lace) Genoese (/wiki/Genoese_lace) Bedfordshire (/wiki/Bedfordshire_lace) Cluny (/wiki/Cluny_lace) Dentelle du Puy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentelle_du_Puy) Liptov (/wiki/Liptov) Maltese (/wiki/Maltese_lace) Yak lace (/wiki/Yak_lace) Part laces (/wiki/Part_lace) Honiton (/wiki/Honiton_lace) Bruges (/wiki/Bruges_lace) Brussels (/wiki/Brussels_lace) Rosaline (/wiki/Rosaline_lace) Point d'Angleterre (/wiki/Brussels_lace#Point_d'Angleterre) Tape (/wiki/Bobbin_tape_lace) Cantù (/w/index.php?title=Cant%C3%B9_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Milanese (/wiki/Milanese_bobbin_lace) Hinojosa (/w/index.php?title=Hinojosa_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Russian (/wiki/Russian_lace) Idrija (/wiki/Idrija_lace) Schneeberg (/wiki/Schneeberg_lace) Peasant (/w/index.php?title=Peasant_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Tape lace (/wiki/Tape_lace) Mezzopunto (/w/index.php?title=Mezzopunto&action=edit&redlink=1) Princess (/wiki/Princess_lace) Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_lace) Battenberg (/wiki/Battenberg_lace) Romanian point (/wiki/Romanian_point_lace) Branscombe (/wiki/Branscombe_lace) Crocheted lace (/wiki/Crocheted_lace) Broomstick lace (/wiki/Broomstick_lace) Irish crochet (/wiki/Irish_lace) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin_lace) Filet crochet (/wiki/Filet_crochet) Orvieto lace (/w/index.php?title=Orvieto_lace&action=edit&redlink=1) Machine (/wiki/Lace_machine) -made lace Bobbinet (/wiki/Bobbinet) Leavers (/wiki/Leavers_machine) Pusher (/wiki/Pusher_machine) Barmen (/wiki/Barmen_lace_machine) Curtain Machine (/wiki/Nottingham_lace_curtain_machine) Chemical (/wiki/Chemical_lace) Raschel (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Stocking Frame (/wiki/Stocking_frame) Warp Knit (/wiki/Warp_knitting) Other handmade laces Metal laces (/wiki/Metal_lace) Lace knitting (/wiki/Lace_knitting) Macramé (/wiki/Macram%C3%A9) Tatting (/wiki/Tatting) Punto a groppo (/wiki/Punto_a_groppo) Sprang (/wiki/Sprang) Liturgical lace (/wiki/Liturgical_lace) Media related to Lace (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lace) at Wikimedia Commons Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐6s9kg Cached time: 20240719201725 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.486 seconds Real time usage: 0.749 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 891/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 50742/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 640/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41123/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.354/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15003444/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 699.814 1 -total 28.50% 199.436 4 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nallıhan_silk_needlelace&oldid=1221821021 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nallıhan_silk_needlelace&oldid=1221821021) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Needle lace (/wiki/Category:Needle_lace) Turkish art (/wiki/Category:Turkish_art) Culture of Turkey (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Turkey) Nallıhan (/wiki/Category:Nall%C4%B1han) Hidden categories: CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Articles containing Turkish-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text)
Azerbaijani designer and businessman The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Rufat Ismayil" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rufat+Ismayil%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rufat+Ismayil%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rufat+Ismayil%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rufat+Ismayil%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rufat+Ismayil%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rufat+Ismayil%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Rufat Ismayil Born Rufat Ali oglu Ismayilov ( 1981-02-02 ) 2 February 1981 (age 43) Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Azerbaijan SSR (/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) , Soviet Union (/wiki/Soviet_Union) Occupation Fashion designer Rufat Ali oglu Ismayilov , more commonly known under the pseudonym of Rufat Ismayil ( Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijani_language) : Rüfət İsmayıl ; 2 February 1981), is an Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijanis) fashion designer, model, entrepreneur and businessman. [1] (#cite_note-1) Rufat Ismayil is the founder of the AFFFAIR textile firm and the AFFFAIR brand, as well as the official fashion ambassador of Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) and Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) on the world arena. He is the first Azerbaijani designer to have his collections shown at fashion weeks in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) , Tehran (/wiki/Tehran) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Beirut (/wiki/Beirut) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Florence (/wiki/Florence) , and Bucharest (/wiki/Bucharest) . [2] (#cite_note-operativ-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Early years [ edit ] Rufat Ali oglu Ismayilov was born on February 2, 1981, in Baku (/wiki/Baku) , the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) , in the family of Ali Ismailov and Dilbar Topchubashova. Rufat Ismayil enrolled at the 20th Secondary School of Baku's Narimanov District (/wiki/N%C9%99rimanov_raion) in 1986 and graduated from its 10th grade in 1996, while also studying music at the Narimanov District's 16th Music School from 1987 to 1995. He also enrolled in the Osman Mirzayev (/wiki/Osman_Mirzayev) Journalism Program, from which he graduated with honours in 1994. He graduated from the Azerbaijan High Diplomatic College's Faculty of International Relations (/wiki/Baku_Eurasian_University) in 2001 and studied at Goethe University (/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt) 's Faculty of International Relations in Germany (/wiki/Germany) from 2002 to 2007. Rufat Ismayil also studied design and modeling at Esmod Vakko Design School in Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) between 2013 and 2014. He speaks Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijani_language) , Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_language) , Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) , German (/wiki/German_language) , Flemish (/wiki/Flemish_dialects) and English (/wiki/English_language) . [4] (#cite_note-zahra-4) Career [ edit ] Fashion [ edit ] At the age of 19, Rufat Ismayil moved to Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) , the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) , and began working with Valentin Yudashkin (/wiki/Valentin_Yudashkin) , Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) , and many other designers. [4] (#cite_note-zahra-4) As a youngster, he began working as a model in fashion firms and was named Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) 's "Best Model" in 2000. [5] (#cite_note-shahla-5) In 2014, Rufat Ismayil launched the Affair.fff men's collection in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . [4] (#cite_note-zahra-4) He founded the AFFFAIR textile firm as well as the AFFFAIR brand. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Rufat Ismayil lives in Istanbul (/wiki/Istanbul) , Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , [5] (#cite_note-shahla-5) [8] (#cite_note-8) and has been named Turkey's "Best Fashion Designer". [4] (#cite_note-zahra-4) The collection of Rufat Ismayil was also on display at Pitti Uomo (/wiki/Pitti_Immagine) . In 2018, Fashion TV awarded him the title of Europe's best designer. [2] (#cite_note-operativ-2) His fashion collections were featured in a variety of fashion magazines, including Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) . [9] (#cite_note-azernews-9) He was the first Azerbaijani to be the face of Men's Health (/wiki/Men%27s_Health) in 2019. [10] (#cite_note-10) The designer's Butterfly Effect collection was shown in New York in February of the same year, [11] (#cite_note-11) while his Affair Khari Bulbul floral collection was shown during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Rufat Ismayil exhibited his new collection alongside Turkish actress Nebahat Çehre (/wiki/Nebahat_%C3%87ehre) in September 2020. [9] (#cite_note-azernews-9) In the same year, he appeared in the Turkish TV series Menajerimi Ara (/wiki/Menajerimi_Ara) , which aired on Star TV (/wiki/Star_TV_(Turkish_TV_channel)) . [13] (#cite_note-13) AFFFAIR autumn–winter 2020–2021 collection debuted at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . Due to the COVID-19 threat (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates) , Rufat Ismayil's collection was presented digitally at Fashion Forward Dubai. Another presentation of his collection was held in London (/wiki/London) from the 10th to the 15th of April. [14] (#cite_note-14) In Paris in October 2021, he debuted his Haute Couture Sumakh collection, which was inspired by Azerbaijani rug (/wiki/Azerbaijani_rug) , culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan) , and the victory in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war) . [5] (#cite_note-shahla-5) The Sumakh collection, created with the help of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation (/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev_Foundation) and the State Committee on Work with Diaspora (/wiki/State_Committee_on_Work_with_Diaspora_(Azerbaijan)) , features 21 pieces of apparel inspired by Azerbaijani rug themes such as Chalabi, Khanlig, Nalbeki-gyul, and others. [15] (#cite_note-15) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , J. Lo (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Ariana Grande (/wiki/Ariana_Grande) , Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) , Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) , Dua Lipa (/wiki/Dua_Lipa) , Jordana Houston, Ashanti (/wiki/Ashanti_(singer)) , Lauren Jauregui (/wiki/Lauren_Jauregui) , Christina Aguilera (/wiki/Christina_Aguilera) and others are among Rufat Ismayil's celebrity clients. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In Azerbaijan, he primarily works with Aygun Kazimova (/wiki/Aygun_Kazimova) . [2] (#cite_note-operativ-2) [18] (#cite_note-modern-18) Rufat Ismayil also designed clothing for Azerbaijan's First Vice President (/wiki/Vice_President_of_Azerbaijan) , Mehriban Aliyeva (/wiki/Mehriban_Aliyeva) . [19] (#cite_note-19) Ashanti and Inas X (/wiki/Inas_X) wore an outfits created by Rufat Ismayil to the 61st Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/61st_Annual_Grammy_Awards) . [20] (#cite_note-20) He created the outfit for Azerbaijani contestant (/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021) of 61st Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021) , Samira Efendi (/wiki/Samira_Efendi) . [18] (#cite_note-modern-18) He also designed her custom for her performance on the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 (/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021) , using modern and traditional elements. [21] (#cite_note-21) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Afffair's glamorous spring '19 styles" (http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/sep/13/affairs-glamorous-spring-19-styles/) . amsterdamnews.com . amsterdamnews.com. 13 September 2018 . Retrieved 6 July 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Modelyer Rüfət İsmayıl yenə fərqlənməyi bacardı" (https://archive.today/20220310023317/https://operativ24.az/index.php?newsid=1267) . Operativ 24 (in Azerbaijani). 25 July 2019. Archived from the original (https://operativ24.az/index.php?newsid=1267) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "RÜFƏT İSMAYIL EFENDİ İLƏ ÇALIŞACAQ – QİYMƏTLİ DAŞLARDAN GEYİM" (https://archive.today/20220310181435/https://12xal.com/2021/05/05/rufatismayilefendiilecalisacaq/) . 12Xal (in Azerbaijani). 5 May 2021. Archived from the original (https://12xal.com/2021/05/05/rufatismayilefendiilecalisacaq/) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Zəhra, Aytən (25 November 2019). "Xaricdə yaşayan məşhur azərbaycanlılar - FOTOLAR (II HİSSƏ)" (https://archive.today/20220310022514/https://azvision.az/news/195740/-xaricde-yasayan-meshur-azerbaycanlilar--fotolar-ii-hisse--.html) . AzVision (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original (https://azvision.az/news/195740/-xaricde-yasayan-meshur-azerbaycanlilar--fotolar-ii-hisse--.html) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Ağalarova, Şəhla (4 October 2021). "Rüfət İsmayıl: "Sumax" kolleksiyasını ölkəmizin qələbəsinə həsr edirəm VİDEO" (https://archive.today/20220310031424/https://azertag.az/xeber/Rufet_Ismayil_Sumax_kolleksiyasini_olkemizin_qelebesine_hesr_edirem_VIDEO-1892139) . Azerbaijan State News Agency (/wiki/Azerbaijan_State_News_Agency) (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original (https://azertag.az/xeber/Rufet_Ismayil_Sumax_kolleksiyasini_olkemizin_qelebesine_hesr_edirem_VIDEO-1892139) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Dünya şöhrətli azərbaycanlı dizayner çılpaq xanımlarla - FOTO" (https://archive.today/20220310031552/https://baku.ws/page/7/) . Baku WS İnformasiya Agentliyi (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original (https://baku.ws/lifestyle/38445) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Afffair Runway New York Fashion Week" (https://archive.today/20220312221300/https://nargismagazine.az/en/articles/article-afffair/) . Nargis Magazine (/wiki/Nargis) . 8 September 2018. Archived from the original (https://nargismagazine.az/en/articles/article-afffair/) on 12 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Xaricdə yaşayan azərbaycanlılar ordumuza dəstək nümayiş etdirirlər" (https://archive.today/20220310023352/https://www.adalet.az/mobil/198396) . Ədalət (in Azerbaijani). 29 September 2020. Archived from the original (https://www.adalet.az/mobil/198396) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b İsmayılova, Ləman (8 September 2020). "Rufat Ismayil presents new collection [PHOTO]" (https://archive.today/20220310025638/https://www.azernews.az/culture/168724.html) . AzerNews . Archived from the original (https://www.azernews.az/culture/168724.html) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Rüfət İsmayıl məşhur jurnalın siması oldu" (https://archive.today/20220310024440/https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/rufet-ismayil-meshur-jurnalin-simasi-oldu-242373) . Qafqazinfo (in Azerbaijani). 30 January 2019. Archived from the original (http://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/rufet-ismayil-meshur-jurnalin-simasi-oldu-242373) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Günay Musayeva Rüfət İsmayıl üçün ARIQLADI" (https://archive.today/20220310023325/https://olke.az/read/148971/gunay-musayeva-rufet-ismayil-ucun-ariqladi-foto-148971/https://olke.az/maqazin/148971/gunay-musayeva-rufet-ismayil-ucun-ariqladi-foto-148971/test) . Ölkə.az (in Azerbaijani). 6 February 2019. Archived from the original (https://olke.az/read/148971/gunay-musayeva-rufet-ismayil-ucun-ariqladi-foto-148971/https://olke.az/maqazin/148971/gunay-musayeva-rufet-ismayil-ucun-ariqladi-foto-148971/test) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Rufat Ismayil Kicks Off NYFW With The Khari Bulbul Flower Of Karabakh, Azerbaijan" (https://archive.today/20220310034647/https://www.turkishjournal.com/2019/09/06/afffair-kicks-off-nyfw-with-a-litany-of-red-carpet-worthy-dresses-in-frosted-pastels/) . Turkish Journal . 6 September 2019. Archived from the original (https://www.turkishjournal.com/2019/09/06/afffair-kicks-off-nyfw-with-a-litany-of-red-carpet-worthy-dresses-in-frosted-pastels/) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Həsənova, Rəqsanə (15 December 2020). "Rüfət İsmayıl "Menejaremi ara" serialında... - Video" (https://archive.today/20220310025642/https://teleqraf.com/news/maqazin/271978.html) . Teleqraf (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original (https://teleqraf.com/news/maqazin/271978.html) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Rüfət İsmayıl Paris Moda Həftəsində" (https://archive.today/20220310031721/https://creative.az/az/post/89) . Kreativ Azərbaycan (in Azerbaijani). 10 March 2020. Archived from the original (https://creative.az/az/post/89) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Azərbaycanlı dizaynerin "Haute Couture Sumakh" kolleksiyası dünyanı heyran edib" (https://archive.today/20220319083813/http://diaspor.gov.az/xeberler2020/x3351.php) . State Committee on Work with Diaspora (/wiki/State_Committee_on_Work_with_Diaspora_(Azerbaijan)) (in Azerbaijani). 6 October 2021. Archived from the original (http://diaspor.gov.az/xeberler2020/x3351.php) on 19 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Doğan, Dilara (3 October 2020). "Modacı Rufat İsmayil: Dünya starları tasarımcıların hakkını veriyor. Türk starları bedava giyinmenin derdinde" (https://archive.today/20220312221725/https://www.posta.com.tr/yazarlar/dilara-dogan/modaci-rufat-ismayil-dunya-starlari-tasarimcilarin-hakkini-veriyor-turk-starlari-bedava-giyinmenin-derdinde-2280099) . Posta (in Turkish). Archived from the original (https://www.posta.com.tr/yazarlar/dilara-dogan/modaci-rufat-ismayil-dunya-starlari-tasarimcilarin-hakkini-veriyor-turk-starlari-bedava-giyinmenin-derdinde-2280099) on 12 March 2022 . Retrieved 13 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Vyshnevetskyy, Felix (14 March 2022). "Кристина Агилера снялась для Vogue в платье от азербайджанского дизайнера - ФОТО" (https://archive.today/20220316010253/https://1news.az/news/20220314045535684-Kristina-Agilera-snyalas-dlya-Vogue-v-plate-ot-azerbaidzhanskogo-dizainera-FOTO) . 1News (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original (https://1news.az/news/20220314045535684-Kristina-Agilera-snyalas-dlya-Vogue-v-plate-ot-azerbaidzhanskogo-dizainera-FOTO) on 16 March 2022 . Retrieved 16 March 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://archive.today/20220310023451/https://modern.az/az/news/288870/avroviziya-2021deki-temsilcimizin-geyimimeshurmodelyere-hevale-olundu) "Avroviziya-2021"dəki təmsilçimizin geyimi məşhur modelyerə həvalə olundu" (https://archive.today/20220310023451/https://modern.az/az/news/288870/avroviziya-2021deki-temsilcimizin-geyimimeshurmodelyere-hevale-olundu) . Modern.az (in Azerbaijani). 5 May 2021. Archived from the original (https://modern.az/az/news/288870/avroviziya-2021deki-temsilcimizin-geyimimeshurmodelyere-hevale-olundu) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Mehriban Əliyeva Rüfət İsmayılın kolleksiyasından geyindi - Foto" (https://archive.today/20220310031356/https://xalqxeber.az/foto/7681-mehriban-eliyeva-rufet-smayilin-kolleksiyasindan-geyindi-foto.html) . Xalq Xəbər (in Azerbaijani). 26 May 2017. Archived from the original (https://xalqxeber.az/foto/7681-mehriban-eliyeva-rufet-smayilin-kolleksiyasindan-geyindi-foto.html) on 10 March 2022 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Grammy'de Türk Modacı Rufat İsmayil İmzası" (https://archive.today/20220312220734/https://www.turkiyehaberajansi.com/grammy-de-turk-modaci-rufat-ismayil-imzasi/115072/) . Türkiye Haber Ajansı (in Turkish). 11 February 2019. Archived from the original (https://www.turkiyehaberajansi.com/grammy-de-turk-modaci-rufat-ismayil-imzasi/115072/) on 12 March 2022 . Retrieved 19 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "ESC entry performs national song in Italy [VIDEO]" (https://www.azernews.az/culture/193480.html) . AzerNews.az . 2022-05-08 . Retrieved 2022-05-11 . External links [ edit ] AFFFAIR textile brand (http://www.afffair.com/site/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐58747bfdd4‐vjkf5 Cached time: 20240715145238 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.552 seconds Real time usage: 0.679 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2731/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61420/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1575/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 86995/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.386/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14501151/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 634.606 1 -total 31.64% 200.800 1 Template:Reflist 27.39% 173.842 21 Template:Cite_web 22.68% 143.899 1 Template:Infobox_person 17.06% 108.269 1 Template:Lang-az 12.80% 81.252 1 Template:Notability 12.32% 78.182 1 Template:Short_description 11.64% 73.895 1 Template:Ambox 7.08% 44.903 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.96% 44.147 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70408799-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715145238 and revision id 1234667882. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rufat_Ismayil&oldid=1234667882 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rufat_Ismayil&oldid=1234667882) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1981 births (/wiki/Category:1981_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Azerbaijani fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Azerbaijani_fashion_designers) Azerbaijani emigrants to Turkey (/wiki/Category:Azerbaijani_emigrants_to_Turkey) Artists from Baku (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Baku) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Hidden categories: CS1 Azerbaijani-language sources (az) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Azerbaijani-language_sources_(az)) CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with topics of unclear notability from August 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability_from_August_2022) All articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability) Biography articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:Biography_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Azerbaijani-language_text) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia)
Belgian interior designer Josephus Thimister Born Josephus Melchior Thimister ( 1962-09-16 ) 16 September 1962 Maastricht (/wiki/Maastricht) , Netherlands Died 11 November 2019 (2019-11-11) (aged 57) Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Nationality Dutch (/wiki/Netherlands) Education Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Antwerp) Labels THIMISTER, Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Charles Jourdan (/wiki/Charles_Jourdan) , Genny (/wiki/Genny) , Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) Awards Fashion Trophy Paris, Best Designer of the Year Barneys (/wiki/Barneys) , for the first collection Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) Website thimister (https://thimister.com/) .com (https://thimister.com/) Josephus Melchior Thimister (16 September 1962 – 13 November 2019) was a Dutch interior decorator and noted fashion designer who launched his eponymous fashion label, THIMISTER in 1997. In 2001, the editor-in-chief of Vogue USA Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) named Josephus Thimister as one of the Twenty-First Century's best fashion designers. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2010, Cathy Horyn (/wiki/Cathy_Horyn) writing for The New York Times described his couture show and its pieces as, "fascinating (…) quite clear in military shapes and broken elegance. Dresses like melted down family silver". [2] (#cite_note-2) After a brief period with Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) as an assistant, he worked as a designer at Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) before being appointed director of luxury prêt-à-porter at the house of Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) . It was for the next five and a half years that Thimister would spend reviving the brand with his pure, succinctly modernist vision. He then set up his own Paris-based house in 1997, and thereafter presented both haute couture and prêt-à-porter (/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-porter) collections under his name. Early life and career [ edit ] Born to parents of Russian, Belgian, and French descent in Maastricht, Netherlands in 1962, Thimister knew of his passion for design at the age of four. His ambitions soon materialized when he graduated from the fashion department of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Antwerp) summa cum laude (/wiki/Summa_cum_laude) in 1987; the same year Thimister claimed first prize for design in the institution. Within a year, the aspiring designer found himself working under Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , then creative director of Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) and also of his own eponymous label. Early career [ edit ] Thimister then worked at the House of Patou (/wiki/House_of_Patou) in preparation of their 1990 haute-couture collection. From 1987 to 1992, Thimister also freelanced as an illustrator and interior decorator for magazines ( Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Vogue Déco (/w/index.php?title=Vogue_D%C3%A9co&action=edit&redlink=1) , Elle Déco (/w/index.php?title=Elle_D%C3%A9co&action=edit&redlink=1) , World of Interiors (/wiki/World_of_Interiors) ), private clients, exhibitions ( Maison et Object (/w/index.php?title=Maison_et_Object&action=edit&redlink=1) , Musée Carnavalet (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet) , Grand Palais (/wiki/Grand_Palais) ), and created art installations in Rome (/wiki/Rome) . Balenciaga Years [ edit ] In 1991, Thimister advanced toward Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) where he would hold the position as artistic director of luxury women’s prêt-à-porter (/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-porter) and accessories for over half a decade. It was said that at Balenciaga, he "contributed through his minimalist style and great skills in cutting in modernizing the house's image." [3] (#cite_note-3) After spending nearly six years with Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Thimister began to design for the Italian ready-to-wear label Genny (/wiki/Genny) in 1998. At Genny, Thimister readapted classic military coats and bias-cut gowns; synthesizing dramatic, long leather skirts with elegant crisp cotton-glazed shirts. His designs showed a different approach of the art, demonstrating his individuality among the established couture names. Critics were struck by the modernity and apparent simplicity of his silhouettes. In February 2005, Thimister was named head designer by the house of Charles Jourdan (/wiki/Charles_Jourdan) , in replacement of Patrick Cox (/wiki/Patrick_Cox) . Working at Charles Jourdan, Thimister became known for his poetically Nordic, lightly surrealist and controversial creations. Thimister thereafter did stints with various fashion-influenced institutions for three years. He designed a collection inspired by Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) entitled "Andy Warhol: Heroes & Icons", put on display in 2006 around Europe. [4] (#cite_note-4) He also supervised and consulted the concept design of handbags under the Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) name. [5] (#cite_note-5) House of Thimister [ edit ] In a few years, Thimister had designed an entire mélange of haute couture and luxury prêt-a-porter pieces. In January 2010, after being invited by the Fédération française de la couture (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_couture) , [6] (#cite_note-6) his return show was met with resounding success and received much praise from the press and the industry. The collection, termed "1915: Bloodshed and Opulence" an anti-war collection, [7] (#cite_note-7) was a medley of recycled military jackets and canvas tents, and elegant couture finishing of silk, crepe and satin lining. "I’m convinced that all of today’s problems are the conclusion of that period", claimed Thimister in an interview with Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) , "I am recycling some of my favorite fabrics, like imperial satin and wool blends". [8] (#cite_note-8) An array of ultra-brut fused with ultra-sophistiqué materials were hence formed. The brand now boasts celebrated pieces of blood Red, rough Khaki and faded Ivory; pieces defined as “starkly beautiful” [9] (#cite_note-9) - (Jenny Barchfield) Personal life [ edit ] Josephus Thimister resided in Dublin (/wiki/Dublin) , Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) as well as in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) near his eponymous fashion house. Thimister committed suicide on 13 November 2019. [10] (#cite_note-10) He was 57 years old. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Horyn, Cathy (11 January 2010). "Down in the Trenches" (http://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/down-in-the-trenches/) . Runway.blogs.nytimes.com . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Cathy Horyn (CathyHorynNYT) on Twitter" (https://twitter.com/CathyHorynNYT) . Twitter . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Thimister named guest designer at Paris couture shows - News, Fashion" (https://www.independent.co.uk/.../thimister-named-guest-designer-at-paris-couture-shows-1826718.html) . The Independent . UK. 24 November 2009 . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Emerge Trends" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110710190031/http://emergetrends.com/blog/category/fashion.do?start=6) . Emerge Trends. Archived from the original (http://emergetrends.com/blog/category/fashion.do?start=6) on 10 July 2011 . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Josephus Melchior Thimister - designer profile on FMD" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/josephus-melchiorthimister/) . Fashionmodeldirectory.com . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Paris Haute Couture: season opens with Josephus Thimister's 'anti-war' collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100126083700/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/7062142/Paris-haute-couture-season-opens-with-Josephus-Thimisters-anti-war-collection.html) . Daily Telegraph . 23 January 2010. Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/7062142/Paris-Haute-Couture-season-opens-with-Josephus-Thimisters-anti-war-collection.html) on 26 January 2010 . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Menkes, Suzy (25 January 2010). "From Russia With Blood" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/fashion/26iht-rmab.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sarah Mower (24 January 2010). "Thimister Spring 2010 Couture Collection on Style.com: Runway Review" (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/S2010CTR-JTHIMISTER) . Style.com . Retrieved 29 April 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) [1] (http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9DECO3O0.html) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-10) Friedman, Vanessa (2019-11-20). "A Designer's Suicide and the Clothes He Left Behind" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/20/style/josephus-thimister-dead.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-11-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Josephus Thimister Dies at 57" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/josephus-thimister-dies-at-1203369331/) . 13 November 2019. Thimister Spring 2010 Couture Collection on Style.com: Complete Collection (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/complete/S2010CTR-JTHIMISTER) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/172156056) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169482612) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169482612) Artists Victoria (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/11630/) ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500254256) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6bf4868c9d‐vgbzz Cached time: 20240709084304 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.445 seconds Real time usage: 0.578 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2539/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31444/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3640/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43740/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.288/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6848772/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 524.797 1 -total 37.42% 196.405 1 Template:Reflist 31.27% 164.078 1 Template:Infobox_person 25.23% 132.402 9 Template:Cite_web 17.48% 91.722 1 Template:Authority_control_(arts) 12.79% 67.118 1 Template:Short_description 10.15% 53.261 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.97% 41.827 2 Template:Pagetype 7.18% 37.668 2 Template:Dead_link 6.40% 33.567 1 Template:Birth_date Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26146958-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709084304 and revision id 1166050823. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Milliners (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Milliners) . This category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is for milliners (/wiki/Milliner) , i.e. people known for hatmaking (/wiki/Hatmaking) . For hatters i.e. companies in this profession, see Category:Hat companies (/wiki/Category:Hat_companies) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐666wl Cached time: 20240720182108 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.057 seconds Real time usage: 0.088 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 146/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3118/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 316/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.032/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1020982/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 77.842 1 -total 79.11% 61.581 1 Template:Commons_category 76.57% 59.606 1 Template:Sister_project 74.53% 58.018 1 Template:Side_box 20.74% 16.146 1 Template:Category_explanation 18.31% 14.251 1 Template:Hatnote 6.33% 4.928 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:16275178-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720182108 and revision id 1110469121. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. A American milliners (/wiki/Category:American_milliners) ‎ (62 P) Australian milliners (/wiki/Category:Australian_milliners) ‎ (3 P) Austrian milliners (/wiki/Category:Austrian_milliners) ‎ (1 P) B Belgian milliners (/wiki/Category:Belgian_milliners) ‎ (2 P) British milliners (/wiki/Category:British_milliners) ‎ (47 P) C Canadian milliners (/wiki/Category:Canadian_milliners) ‎ (1 P) F Filipino milliners (/wiki/Category:Filipino_milliners) ‎ (1 P) Finnish milliners (/wiki/Category:Finnish_milliners) ‎ (1 P) French milliners (/wiki/Category:French_milliners) ‎ (21 P) G German milliners (/wiki/Category:German_milliners) ‎ (4 P) Ghanaian milliners (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_milliners) ‎ (1 P) Greek milliners (/wiki/Category:Greek_milliners) ‎ (1 P) H Haitian milliners (/wiki/Category:Haitian_milliners) ‎ (2 P) I Irish milliners (/wiki/Category:Irish_milliners) ‎ (2 P) J Japanese milliners (/wiki/Category:Japanese_milliners) ‎ (1 P) M Mexican milliners (/wiki/Category:Mexican_milliners) ‎ (1 P) N New Zealand milliners (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_milliners) ‎ (1 P) S South African milliners (/wiki/Category:South_African_milliners) ‎ (1 P) Spanish milliners (/wiki/Category:Spanish_milliners) ‎ (1 P) Swedish milliners (/wiki/Category:Swedish_milliners) ‎ (7 P) Swiss milliners (/wiki/Category:Swiss_milliners) ‎ (1 P) Pages in category "Milliners" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Milliner (/wiki/Milliner) G Eleanor Lilian Gladys Gough (/wiki/Eleanor_Lilian_Gladys_Gough) H Haberdasher (/wiki/Haberdasher) Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) (/wiki/Hatter_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Milliners&oldid=1110469121 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Milliners&oldid=1110469121) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion occupations (/wiki/Category:Fashion_occupations) Artisans (/wiki/Category:Artisans) People in fashion (/wiki/Category:People_in_fashion) Hatmaking (/wiki/Category:Hatmaking) Fashion designers by type (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_type) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . This category contains only sub-categories for types of clothing. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clothing by type (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_type) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐fwztx Cached time: 20240720165656 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.080 seconds Real time usage: 0.117 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 172/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3969/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 436/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3512/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.049/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1127303/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 105.371 1 -total 54.32% 57.240 1 Template:Parent_category 48.11% 50.698 1 Template:Cmbox 45.60% 48.051 1 Template:Commons_cat 42.80% 45.098 1 Template:Sister_project 41.15% 43.362 1 Template:Side_box 4.14% 4.365 1 Template:Replace 2.84% 2.993 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.51% 1.593 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:17200006-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165656 and revision id 931028769. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 32 subcategories, out of 32 total. A Armwear (/wiki/Category:Armwear) ‎ (4 C, 17 P) B Badges (/wiki/Category:Badges) ‎ (3 C, 26 P, 11 F) Belts (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Belts_(clothing)) ‎ (1 C, 45 P) C Children's clothing (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing) ‎ (5 C, 25 P) Clothing brands by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_by_type) ‎ (9 C) Coats (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Coats_(clothing)) ‎ (3 C, 80 P) D Dresses (/wiki/Category:Dresses) ‎ (5 C, 126 P) F Footwear (/wiki/Category:Footwear) ‎ (16 C, 40 P) G Gowns (/wiki/Category:Gowns) ‎ (4 C, 35 P) H Handwear (/wiki/Category:Handwear) ‎ (7 C, 15 P) Headgear (/wiki/Category:Headgear) ‎ (16 C, 179 P) Hosiery (/wiki/Category:Hosiery) ‎ (2 C, 34 P) J Jackets (/wiki/Category:Jackets) ‎ (2 C, 91 P) Jeans by type (/wiki/Category:Jeans_by_type) ‎ (15 P) K Knee clothing (/wiki/Category:Knee_clothing) ‎ (5 P) M Masks (/wiki/Category:Masks) ‎ (13 C, 9 P) N Neckwear (/wiki/Category:Neckwear) ‎ (4 C, 36 P) O One-piece suits (/wiki/Category:One-piece_suits) ‎ (1 C, 37 P) Outerwear (/wiki/Category:Outerwear) ‎ (4 C, 7 P) P Ponchos (/wiki/Category:Ponchos) ‎ (4 P, 1 F) R Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) ‎ (2 C, 89 P) Royal attire (/wiki/Category:Royal_attire) ‎ (3 C, 4 P) S Saris (/wiki/Category:Saris) ‎ (1 C, 55 P, 1 F) Sashes (/wiki/Category:Sashes) ‎ (1 C, 7 P) Shawls and wraps (/wiki/Category:Shawls_and_wraps) ‎ (3 C, 40 P) Skirts (/wiki/Category:Skirts) ‎ (1 C, 73 P) Sportswear (/wiki/Category:Sportswear) ‎ (11 C, 82 P) Suits (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Suits_(clothing)) ‎ (5 C, 37 P, 1 F) T Tops (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Tops_(clothing)) ‎ (7 C, 57 P) Trousers and shorts (/wiki/Category:Trousers_and_shorts) ‎ (2 C, 86 P) U Undergarments (/wiki/Category:Undergarments) ‎ (7 C, 95 P) W Wedding clothing (/wiki/Category:Wedding_clothing) ‎ (2 C, 5 P) Pages in category "Clothing by type" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Care cloth (/wiki/Care_cloth) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_by_type&oldid=931028769 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_by_type&oldid=931028769) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing) Categories by type (/wiki/Category:Categories_by_type) Hidden categories: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
American businessman (born 1971) David Lauren Lauren in 2012 Born ( 1971-10-31 ) October 31, 1971 (age 52) New York City, U.S. Alma mater Duke University (/wiki/Duke_University) Employer Ralph Lauren Corporation (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) Title Chief innovation officer, strategic advisor to the CEO, head of the Ralph Lauren Foundation and vice chairman of the board Spouse Lauren Bush (/wiki/Lauren_Bush) ( m. 2011) Children 3 Parent(s) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) Ricky Lauren (/wiki/Ricky_Lauren) Relatives Dylan Lauren (/wiki/Dylan_Lauren) (sister) Greg Lauren (/wiki/Greg_Lauren) (cousin) David Lauren (born October 31, 1971) is an American businessman. He is the middle child and younger son of clothing designer Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , and he is married to Lauren Bush (/wiki/Lauren_Bush) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] David Lauren was born on October 31, 1971, to Ricky Ann (née Loew-Beer) (/wiki/Ricky_Lauren) and fashion designer and businessman Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) . [2] (#cite_note-2) His father is the son of Belarus-born Jewish (/wiki/Jews_in_Belarus) immigrants. His mother is the daughter of a Jewish father and a Catholic mother, both immigrants from Austria. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The second of three children, Lauren has an older brother, Andrew Lauren, and a younger sister, Dylan Lauren (/wiki/Dylan_Lauren) . Lauren attended Duke University (/wiki/Duke_University) , where he studied political science. [5] (#cite_note-Time-5) At Duke, he founded Swing , a general interest lifestyle publication for Generation X (/wiki/Generation_X) , where he served as president and editor-in-chief. Swing was eventually published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias (/wiki/Hachette_Filipacchi_M%C3%A9dias) . [5] (#cite_note-Time-5) [6] (#cite_note-Women's_Wear_Daily-6) Career [ edit ] See also: Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) and Ralph Lauren Corporation (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) Lauren is currently the Chief Innovation Officer, Strategic Advisor to the CEO, Head of the Ralph Lauren Foundation and Vice Chairman of the Board. [7] (#cite_note-[[Women's_Wear_Daily]]-7) Lauren previously held the position of Executive Vice President, Global Advertising, Marketing and Communications at Ralph Lauren Corporation where he was responsible for the global advertising and marketing campaigns for the company and all of its brands, as well as the company's corporate and fashion communications and strategic marketing partnerships. [8] (#cite_note-[[The_Wall_Street_Journal]]-8) Lauren joined Ralph Lauren Corporation in 2000 to run the company's internet operations with Ralph Lauren Media, LLC., where he launched the Ralph Lauren website under an idea he called "merchan-tainment", or the combination of merchandising and entertainment. [9] (#cite_note-The_Wall_Street_Journal-9) [10] (#cite_note-Business_of_Fashion-10) In his time at Ralph Lauren Corporation, Lauren has played a role in many key initiatives, including the establishment of RalphLauren.com, the launch of the Rugby (/wiki/Rugby_Ralph_Lauren) brand, [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) and Ralph Lauren Corporation's entry into mobile applications. [13] (#cite_note-13) Lauren has also orchestrated the company's sponsorship of several international sporting events and teams, including Wimbledon, the U.S. Open, and the U.S. Olympic teams. [6] (#cite_note-Women's_Wear_Daily-6) [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2007, he was named Daily News Record (/wiki/Daily_News_Record) ' "Marketer of the Year". [15] (#cite_note-DNR-15) Lauren joined the Board of Directors of Ralph Lauren Corporation in August 2013. Philanthropy [ edit ] Lauren serves as president of the Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation, with which he participates in numerous charitable organizations, including the Pink Pony fund, the Ralph Lauren Center for Cancer Care and Prevention, the Polo Jeans G.I.V.E. program, and the Star-Spangled Banner Preservation Project at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History. [16] (#cite_note-VF-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Lauren has sat on the Board of Trustees of NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (/wiki/NewYork%E2%80%93Presbyterian_Hospital) since 2023. [18] (#cite_note-18) Personal life [ edit ] Lauren with wife Lauren Bush Lauren (/wiki/Lauren_Bush_Lauren) at the 2010 Time 100 (/wiki/Time_100) On September 4, 2011, Lauren married Lauren Bush (/wiki/Lauren_Bush) , a granddaughter of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush (/wiki/George_H._W._Bush) , in Colorado. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Their son James Richard Lauren was born November 21, 2015. [23] (#cite_note-23) Their second son, Max Walker Lauren, was born in 2018. [24] (#cite_note-24) Their third son, Robert Rocky Lauren, was born on April 10, 2021. [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The Lauren Family" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080724221642/http://www.observer.com/node/36419) . The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) . 2006-12-17. Archived from the original (https://www.observer.com/node/36419) on 2008-07-24 . Retrieved 2009-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Nardine Saad (2014-05-14). "Prince William hosts Emma Watson, Cate Blanchett at Windsor Castle" (http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-prince-william-royal-marsden-cate-blanchett-emma-watson-benedict-cumberbatch-20140513-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved 2016-05-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Yes, But Is It Kosher For Passover? Ralph Lauren's Daughter Dylan Readying Candy Bar For Easter" (http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2015/04/02/yes-but-is-it-kosher-for-passover-ralph-laurens-daughter-dylan-readying-candy-bar-for-easter/) . Jewish Business News . April 2, 2015 . Retrieved May 10, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Prince William Hosts Kate Moss, Emma Watson and Cate Blanchett at Windsor Castle" (http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/prince-william-hosts-kate-moss-emma-watson-cate-blanchett-windsor-castle-1448495) . International Business Times (/wiki/International_Business_Times) . May 14, 2014 . Retrieved May 10, 2016 . ^ a b "Ralph's European Invasion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20041214204425/http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/2002/0729/lauren/son.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . July 21, 2002. Archived from the original (http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/2002/0729/lauren/son.html) on December 14, 2004 . Retrieved 2009-11-17 . ^ a b Marc Karimzadeh (December 9, 2009). "Follow The Leader" (http://www.wwd.com/media-news/follow-the-leader-1881690) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Fairchild Fashion Group . Retrieved February 22, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-[[Women's_Wear_Daily]]_7-0) Lisa Lockwood (October 6, 2016). "David Lauren Promoted to Vice Chairman and Chief Innovation Officer at Ralph Lauren" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/david-lauren-promoted-to-vice-chairman-and-chief-innovation-officer-at-ralph-lauren-10657234/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Paul Jowdy . Retrieved January 7, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-[[The_Wall_Street_Journal]]_8-0) Christopher Ross (September 30, 2015). "A Day in the Life of David Lauren" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-day-in-the-life-of-david-lauren-1443630691?mg=id-wsj) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . News Corp . Retrieved May 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Wall_Street_Journal_9-0) John Dodge (December 5, 2005). " (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976044170565805245) 'Merchantainment:' Finding Balance of Content, Commerce" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB976044170565805245) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . News Corp . Retrieved May 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Business_of_Fashion_10-0) "Biography" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/david-lauren) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved May 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Robert Klara (October 13, 2010). "David Lauren, Ralph Lauren" (http://www.adweek.com/news/2010/david-lauren-ralph-lauren-94410) . Adweek . Retrieved May 10, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Stephanie Schomer (October 8, 2011). "Ralph Lauren's $13 Billion Bet" (http://www.fastcompany.com/1769043/ralph-laurens-13-billion-bet) . Fast Company . Retrieved May 10, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Rodney Reid (December 13, 2004). "The New Look of Polo Ralph Lauren" (http://www.harbus.org/2004/The-New-Look-of-3008/) . The Harbus . Harvard Business School . Retrieved November 17, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Arienne Thompson (February 6, 2010). "Ralph Lauren tailors Team USA for Vancouver Games entrance" (https://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/fashion/2010-02-02-laurenolympics02_ST_N.htm) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Gannett . Retrieved February 22, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-DNR_15-0) "DNR Inaugurates Annual Menswear Awards: Names Tom Ford 'Person of the Year' and Dolce & Gabbana 'Style Icons' (https://web.archive.org/web/20100420145221/http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20100420145221/http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109) (Press release). DNR. December 6, 2007. Archived from the original (http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/12-06-2007/0004718268&EDATE) on April 20, 2010 . Retrieved March 5, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-VF_16-0) "Ralph Lauren Inspires with His Devotion to Cancer Initiatives" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091125042812/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/beauty/2009/10/ralph-lauren-inspires-with-his-devotion-to-cancer-initiatives.html) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . October 20, 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.vanityfair.com/online/beauty/2009/10/ralph-lauren-inspires-with-his-devotion-to-cancer-initiatives.html) on November 25, 2009 . Retrieved November 17, 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Star Spangled Banner - Credits" (http://americanhistory.si.edu/starspangledbanner/credits.aspx) . Star-Spangled Banner Campaign . Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved February 23, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "NYP.org About Us Governance and Leadership Board of Trustees" (https://www.nyp.org/about-us/governance-and-leadership/board-of-trustees) . Retrieved 12 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Norwich, William (November 11, 2011). "Western Union:Lauren Bush and David Lauaren's Wedding" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120615062351/http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/western-union-lauren-bush-and-david-laurens-wedding/#/magazine-gallery/western-union/1) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Condé Nast Publications (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications) . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/western-union-lauren-bush-and-david-laurens-wedding/#/magazine-gallery/western-union/1) on June 15, 2012 . Retrieved June 12, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Pugh, Clifford (September 5, 2011). "All the details on the Western wedding: Lauren Bush marries David Lauren in sunset ceremony" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121227000952/http://houston.culturemap.com/newsdetail/09-05-11-09-38-western-wedding-lauren-bush-weds-david-lauren-in-sunset-ceremony/) . CultureMap Houston . Houston's Daily Digital Magazine. Archived from the original (http://houston.culturemap.com/newsdetail/09-05-11-09-38-western-wedding-lauren-bush-weds-david-lauren-in-sunset-ceremony) on December 27, 2012 . Retrieved June 15, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Lauren Bush and David Lauren Tie the Knot" (http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20524149,00.html) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . September 5, 2011 . Retrieved September 5, 2011 . Lauren (the former) was named to Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) 's 2009 Best Dressed List. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "The 2009 International Best-Dressed List" (http://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2009/09/best-dressed-slideshow200909?slide=46) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . August 4, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "David and Lauren Bush Lauren Expecting First Child" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150728204418/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2015/07/27/lauren-bush-pregnant-david-lauren-expecting-first-child/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . July 27, 2015. Archived from the original (http://celebritybabies.people.com/2015/07/27/lauren-bush-pregnant-david-lauren-expecting-first-child/) on July 28, 2015 . Retrieved July 28, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Login • Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/) . www.instagram.com . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Cite uses generic title ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-25) VanHoose, Benjamin (April 16, 2021). "Lauren Bush Lauren and Husband David Lauren Welcome Baby No. 3, Son Robert Rocky: 'So in Love' (https://people.com/parents/lauren-bush-lauren-husband-david-lauren-welcome-third-baby-son-robert-rocky/) " (https://people.com/parents/lauren-bush-lauren-husband-david-lauren-welcome-third-baby-son-robert-rocky/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . 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Chinese model In this Chinese name (/wiki/Chinese_name) , the family name (/wiki/Chinese_surname) is He (/wiki/H%C3%A8_(surname)) (贺) . He Cong Born ( 1995-11-05 ) 5 November 1995 (age 28) [3] (#cite_note-3) Changsha (/wiki/Changsha) , Hunan (/wiki/Hunan) , China [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-Singapore-4) Modeling information Height 5 ft 10.5 in (179 cm) [1] (#cite_note-1) Hair color Black Eye color Brown Agency IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) (worldwide) [2] (#cite_note-2) He Cong ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 贺聪 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 賀聰 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Hè Cōng ; born November 5, 1995) is a Chinese fashion model. Her clients include: Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) , and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . She has also featured in the Chinese version of Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , the Chinese and Italian versions of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and various international versions of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Models.com has listed He on their Money and Industry Icons lists. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The Singaporean version of Vogue has described He as "tall, leggy, with delicate features and cheekbones to die for, [she] was—and still is—the quintessential fresh-faced ingénue (/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue) ." [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-Singapore-4) Additionally, V Magazine (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) has described He as a "trailblazing supermodel." [8] (#cite_note-V139-8) Early life [ edit ] He was born in Changsha (/wiki/Changsha) in the province of Hunan (/wiki/Hunan) . She describes Changsha as "a big city with lots of history." [9] (#cite_note-V125-9) Career [ edit ] In 2013, He moved to Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) to study fashion and design. While at university, Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) staged a special fashion show, He was asked by a friend if she would be interested in attending—not only did He attend, but she also got to open and close the show. He described the experience as "a dream." [4] (#cite_note-Vogue-Singapore-4) [8] (#cite_note-V139-8) He featured in an editorial for the May 2020 issue of the Chinese version of Numéro (/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro) . [10] (#cite_note-10) He has also featured in V Magazine (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) at least three times, these include the January 2020, May 2020, and November 2022 editions. Furthermore, she appeared in the Chinese version of the magazine for the April 2023 issue. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) He has made at least two appearances in W Magazine (/wiki/W_(magazine)) editorials—for their May 2017 and September 2022 editions and at least three further appearances for their Chinese version—for their December 2023, January 2024, and June 2024 releases. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Other editorial features include Pop Magazine (/wiki/Pop_(fashion_magazine)) for their Spring/Summer 2018 release and i-D Magazine (/wiki/I-D) in February 2023. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) The part of modelling that He loves the most is "bringing a designer’s vision to life," saying that she finds it exciting to see sketches come to life on the runway. [8] (#cite_note-V139-8) He describes herself as "really comfortable" in front of the camera and enjoys seeing herself "portraying different characters." [9] (#cite_note-V125-9) Agency representation [ edit ] He is represented by IMG Models, they also represent Paloma Elsesser (/wiki/Paloma_Elsesser) , Maty Fall Diba (/wiki/Maty_Fall_Diba) , Ashley Graham (/wiki/Ashley_Graham) , and Gemma Ward (/wiki/Gemma_Ward) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Personality [ edit ] Her ultimate summer song is Dreams (/wiki/Dreams_(Fleetwood_Mac_song)) by Fleetwood Mac (/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac) . [9] (#cite_note-V125-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "He Cong" (https://www.imgmodels.com/london/women/684-he-cong) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "He Cong" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "My heart is full 💜 Thank you all for all the kindest messages🥰" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CV5djwcMin-) . ^ a b c " (https://vogue.sg/he-cong-chinese-model-interview) "Being a model demands a lot of hard work, self-motivation and persistence": Chinese model He Cong reflects on her journey as a model so far" (https://vogue.sg/he-cong-chinese-model-interview) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "He Cong" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "THE MONEY LIST" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/MoneyGirls) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "INDUSTRY ICONS" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/IndustryIcons) . ^ a b c "V139: SUPERMODEL, SUPERHERO HE CONG" (https://vmagazine.com/article/supermodel-superhero-he-cong) . ^ a b c "V125 NEXT GEN: HE CONG" (https://vmagazine.com/article/v125-next-gen-he-cong) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Numéro China" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all/numero-china) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "V Magazine" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all/v-magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "V Magazine China" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all/v-magazine-china) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "W Magazine" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all/w-magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "W Magazine China" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all/w-magazine-china) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Pop Magazine" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all/pop-magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "i-D Magazine" (https://models.com/models/He-Cong/client/all/i-d-magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "IMG London" (https://models.com/agency/IMG-London/ranked) . 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Find sources: "Cutty Sark Men's Fashion Awards" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cutty+Sark+Men%27s+Fashion+Awards%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cutty+Sark+Men%27s+Fashion+Awards%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cutty+Sark+Men%27s+Fashion+Awards%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cutty+Sark+Men%27s+Fashion+Awards%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cutty+Sark+Men%27s+Fashion+Awards%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cutty+Sark+Men%27s+Fashion+Awards%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The Cutty Sark Men's Fashion Awards were awards given for men's fashion design from 1979 to 1989 [ where? ] . Each year, a rotating committee of around 50 members of the fashion press met to determine three nominees in each category [1] (#cite_note-1) and was then voted by the nation's fashion press. [2] (#cite_note-2) The award itself was a sterling silver trophy in the shape of a clipper ship (/wiki/Clipper) , the emblem of the Scotch whisky (/wiki/Scotch_whisky) marketed by Cutty Sark (/wiki/Cutty_Sark_(whisky)) . [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] List of fashion awards (/wiki/List_of_fashion_awards) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Polly Rayner (1985-06-23). "Menswear Designers Win Top Awards At Star-studded Event" (http://articles.mcall.com/1985-06-23/features/2465725_1_fashion-awards-menswear-design-menswear-fashion-association) . The Morning Call . Retrieved 2017-06-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Polly Rayner (1987-06-14). "Menswear Winners Six Designers Sail Away With Cutty Sark Awards" (http://articles.mcall.com/1987-06-14/features/2572202_1_menswear-fashion-association-menswear-industry-fashion-editors) . The Morning Call . Retrieved 2017-06-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Men's Wear Fashion Awards" (https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/22/garden/men-s-wear-fashion-awards.html) . The New York Times . 1983-06-22 . Retrieved 2017-06-23 . This award (/wiki/Award) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cutty_Sark_Men%27s_Fashion_Awards&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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(Redirected from Ditto suit (/w/index.php?title=Ditto_suit&redirect=no) ) A man's suit (/wiki/Suit_(clothing)) of clothes, in the sense of a lounge or business or office suit, is a set of garments which are crafted from the same cloth. This article discusses the history of the lounge suit, often called a business suit when featuring dark colors and a conservative cut. Men's suits [ edit ] Johann Christian Fischer (/wiki/Johann_Christian_Fischer) , composer, in matching coat, waistcoat, and breeches, by Thomas Gainsborough (/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough) , ca. 1780. The suit is a traditional form of men's formal clothes (/wiki/Formal_clothes) in the Western world. For some four hundred years, suits of matching coat, trousers, and waistcoat have been in and out of fashion. The modern lounge suit's derivation is visible in the outline of the brightly coloured, elaborately crafted royal court dress (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) of the 17th century (suit, wig, knee breeches), which was shed because of the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) . This evolution is seen more recently in British tailoring's use of steam and padding in moulding woolen (/wiki/Wool) cloth, the rise and fall in popularity of the necktie (/wiki/Necktie) , and the gradual disuse of waistcoats and hats in the last fifty years. The modern lounge suit appeared in the late 19th century, but traces its origins to the simplified, sartorial standard of dress established by King Charles II of England (/wiki/Charles_II_of_England) in 1666. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The restored monarch, Charles II, per the example of King Louis XIV (/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France) 's court at Versailles (/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles) , decreed that in the English court men would wear a long coat, a waistcoat (then called a " petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) "), a cravat (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) (a precursor of the necktie), a wig (/wiki/Wig_(hair)) , knee breeches (/wiki/Breeches) (trousers), and a hat. [ citation needed ] Regency [ edit ] The beginnings of modern suits depicted In the early 19th century, British dandy (/wiki/Dandy) Beau Brummell (/wiki/Beau_Brummell) redefined, adapted, and popularized the style of the British court in Europe. Leading European (/wiki/Europe) men began wearing well-cut, tailored suits recognizable today. The simplicity of the new clothes and their somber colors contrasted strongly with the extravagant, foppish (/wiki/Fop) styles just before. Brummell's influence introduced the modern era of men's clothing which now includes the modern suit jacket, full-length pants, and necktie. [2] (#cite_note-2) Paintings from the 1760s reveal how the modern coat design with lapels emerged. It can be seen in the hunting scene with Count Carl Emil Ulrich von Donop (/wiki/Carl_von_Donop) as subject by an unknown artist and William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe (/wiki/William,_Count_of_Schaumburg-Lippe) in Hanoverian Field Marshall uniform painted by Joshua Reynolds. [3] (#cite_note-3) [ full citation needed ] In this regency (/wiki/British_Regency) period, the predominant upper-class clothing introduced by Brummell for day wear was a tightly fitting, dark coloured tailcoat with non-matching (usually pale) trousers, pale waistcoat, white shirt and cravat and tall boots. Victorian and Gilded Age [ edit ] Towards the start of the Victorian period (/wiki/Victorian_era) and the Gilded Age (/wiki/Gilded_Age) , the frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) , initially not just black, became popular, and quickly became the standard daily clothing for gentlemen. From the middle of the 19th century, a new (then informal) coat, the morning coat (/wiki/Morning_coat) , became acceptable. [4] (#cite_note-4) It was a less formal garment, with a cut away front, making it suitable for wearing while riding. Morning dress and the frock coat garments were not suits, because they were worn with trousers that didn't match in color or fabric; a matching waistcoat and trousers were considered informal and could be described using the short-lived term ditto suit . [5] (#cite_note-5) The frock coat was still the standard garment for all formal or business occasions, and a tailcoat was worn in the evenings. [6] (#cite_note-6) Towards the end of the 19th century, the modern lounge suit was born as a very informal garment meant only to be worn for sports, in the country, or at the seaside. The lounge jacket was derived from the paletot (/wiki/Paletot) coat style, which was loosely cut coat with no waist seam, where the skirt being of one piece with the upper half (unlike the frock coat, which had a seamed waist. The lounge jacket was shaped by darting (/wiki/Dart_(sewing)) the front panels from the underarm to the waist. [7] (#cite_note-waughmens-7) : 115 Three men in 2006 wearing black tie variations. Parallel to this, the dinner jacket was invented and came to be worn for informal evening events, beginning in 1888. It was descended from white tie (/wiki/White_tie) (the dress code associated with the evening tailcoat) but quickly became a full new garment, the dinner jacket, with a new dress code, initially known as 'dress lounge' and later black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) . When it was imported to the United States (/wiki/United_States) , it became known as the tuxedo (/wiki/Tuxedo) . The 'dress lounge' was originally worn only for small private gatherings and white tie (/wiki/White_tie) ('White tie and tails') was still worn for large formal events. The 'dress lounge' slowly became more popular for larger events as an alternative to full evening dress in white tie. [7] (#cite_note-waughmens-7) : 115 Edwardian [ edit ] 1901, a man in a morning coat. The beginning of the Edwardian era (/wiki/Edwardian_era) in the early 20th century brought a steady decline in the wearing of frock coats (/wiki/Frock_coat) and the birth of the suit that is recognizable today. [8] (#cite_note-8) The tailcoat began losing interest among upper classes in the United States and Europe. Meanwhile, the morning suit rose in relative formality, first becoming acceptable for businessmen, then becoming standard dress for upper classes. The lounge suit was slowly accepted as being correct outside its original settings and began to be seen in town. While still reserved for private gatherings, usually with no ladies, black tie became more common. In North America (/wiki/North_America) , the "sack suit", a cut of the lounge suit, saw a large rise in popularity, and, except for the shoulders, it is unfitted, loose, and informal, as it has no darts. Inter-war [ edit ] At the Treaty of Versailles signing in 1919, the heads of state wore morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) and lounge suits for informal meetings (as seen here), but frock coats (/wiki/Frock_coat) for formal daytime meetings. After the end of the First World War, most men adopted the short lounge coated suit. Long coats quickly went out of fashion for everyday wear and business, and the morning coat gained its current classification of "formal". During the 1920s, short suits were always worn except on formal occasions in the daytime, when a morning coat would be worn. Older, more conservative men continued to wear a frock coat, or "Prince Albert coat" as it was known. In North America, for evening occasions, the short dinner jacket virtually replaced the long "full dress" tails, which was perceived as "old hat" and was only worn by old conservative men. Black tie became de-facto evening wear with white tie reserved for only the most formal events. [9] (#cite_note-9) In Britain, black tie became acceptable as a general informal alternative to white tie, though at the time the style and accessories of black tie were still very fluid. In the 1920s men began wearing wide, straight-legged trousers with their suits. These trousers normally measured 23 inches around the cuff. Younger men often wore even wider-legged trousers which were known as " Oxford bags (/wiki/Oxford_bags) ." Trousers also began to be worn cuffed shortly after World War I and this style persisted until World War II due to rationing. Trousers first began to be worn creased in the 1920s. Trousers were worn very highly waisted throughout the 1920s and this fashion remained in vogue until the 1940s. Single-breasted suits were in style throughout the 1920s and the double-breasted (/wiki/Double-breasted) suit was mainly worn by older more conservative men. In the 1920s, very fashionable men would often wear double-breasted waistcoats (with four buttons on each side) with single-breasted coats. Lapels on single-breasted suits were fashionably worn peaked and were often wide. In the early 1930s these styles continued and were often even further exaggerated. Before 1935 (and again in the 1970s) men preferred snugly tailored coats and waistcoats. In 1935, a complete change in style occurred. Loose fitting coats were introduced, trousers began to be tapered at the bottom and suit coats began to have tapered arms. These new trends were only reluctantly accepted by men at first. At first the waistcoat continued to be made in the traditional fitted and snug style. By 1940, the waistcoat began to be made in a loose style which made it uncomfortable to wear. In fashion magazines of the day, men complained how these new vests continually rode up when they happen to sit down or bend over. Fashionable men changed their preference to the double-breasted suit coat at this time and it would remain in fashion for the next two decades. By this time, morning dress was being replaced by day time semi-formal, known in North America as the stroller (/wiki/Stroller_(style)) . This was quite popular, but has actually been outlived by the morning coat. Since the 1950s it has been used as a black version of the lounge suit as an informal look to the dinner jacket. In modern times the black lounge suit has become popular to wear during the day. Post-war [ edit ] Reflecting the democratization of wealth and larger trend toward simplification in the decades following the Second World War (/wiki/World_War_II) , the suit was standardized and streamlined. Suit coats were cut as straight as possible without any indication of a waistline, and by the 1960s the lapel had become narrower than at any time prior. Cloth rationing during the war had forced significant changes in style, contributing to a large reduction in the popularity of cuts such as the double-breasted suit. The New York Times Style Magazine explains one iconic suit of the era, the gray flannel suit: Back in 1955, when denim was the height of rebelliousness, Sloan Wilson's novel The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Gray_Flannel_Suit_(novel)) turned a men's classic into a synonym for drab, middle-class conformity . . . Flannel had humble beginnings — the name is reputedly derived from "gwlanen," Welsh for woolen cloth — and was used for underwear in the 19th century. In the 1880s white flannel was worn for summer sports; by the 1920s the more seasonless gray had become a favorite. When the Prince of Wales wore gray flannel trousers on his 1924 trip to America, they were aped by collegiates on both sides of the Atlantic. Cary Grant and Fred Astaire then carried the trend through to the 1940s. The archetypal square of the postwar era was later described by Esquire's style encyclopedia as 'a neat, circumspect, conservative man who carried an attaché case and regarded a pink button-down shirt as his one sartorial fling' [10] (#cite_note-graymatters-10) In the late 1960s and early 1970s the Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) , an Indian style featuring a mandarin collar, was introduced by entertainers such as Johnny Carson (/wiki/Johnny_Carson) and The Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) , and saw a brief surge in popularity across Western Europe and the United States. In the 1970s, a snug-fitting suit coat became popular once again, also encouraging the return of the waistcoat. This new three-piece style became closely associated with disco (/wiki/Nightclub#1970s:_Disco) culture, and was specifically popularized by the film Saturday Night Fever (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever) . Fashion brands such Haggar meanwhile started to introduce the concept of "suit separates", a production innovation that reduced the need for excessive customization. The 1980s saw a trend towards the simplification of the suit once again. The jacket became looser and the waistcoat was completely dispensed with. A few suit makers continued to make waistcoats, but these tended to be cut low and often had only four buttons. The waistline on the suit coat moved down again in the 1980s to a position well below the waist. By 1985-1986, three-piece suits were on the way out and making way for cut double-breasted (/wiki/Double-breasted) and two-piece single-breasted (/wiki/Single-breasted) suits. The late 1990s saw the return to popularity of the three-button two-piece suit, which then went back out of fashion some time in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Women's suits [ edit ] Women's walking suits, 1894, from the Butterick (/wiki/Ebenezer_Butterick) pattern company's Delineator The earliest women's suits were riding habits (/wiki/Riding_habit) , which consisted of a tailored coat or jacket and matching skirt (/wiki/Skirt) from the 1660s. Practical and sturdy, riding habits were worn not only on horseback, but also for travel and other daytime pursuits. Jacket-and-skirt ensembles not intended for riding appeared in the later 19th century. Both riding habits and walking suits reflected the skirt and sleeve (/wiki/Sleeve) styles of the day. Until the 1910s, coat and skirt ensembles were usually described as "costumes" rather than suits, and the term "suit", as applied to such sets, was not usual until after the First World War. [11] (#cite_note-11) In the first half of the twentieth century, the skirted suit became the common daytime city costume for women, in the workplace and out; dressmaker (/wiki/Dressmaker) suits featured softer fabrics and "feminine" details, and cocktail suits (/w/index.php?title=Cocktail_suits&action=edit&redlink=1) were worn for semi-formal occasions in mid-century. The Chanel suit (/wiki/Chanel_suit) and variations thereof were popular business attire in the 1950s and 1960s. Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) introduced his "Le Smoking" tuxedo suit in 1966, shocking the fashion world by designing two and three-piece suits specifically for the female body. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Pantsuits (/wiki/Pantsuit) (women's suits with Eastern style trousers) were introduced by designer André Courrèges (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Courr%C3%A8ges) in 1964, but were only gradually accepted as business or streetwear attire; with the rise of the late 1960s feminist movement, they became acceptable office wear in the early 1970s. A white-collar (/wiki/White-collar_worker) woman's suit of skirt, tailored shirt, and floppy tie evolved in the 1970s and 1980s, as documented in the 1975 book, Dress for Success (/wiki/Dress_for_Success_(book)) . Contemporary trends [ edit ] Although the man's European tailored suit is commonly perceived as the ultimate conservative costume of Western culture (/wiki/Western_culture) , Eastern influences or extravagant variations on the tailored suit have been adopted by many subcultures over the last century as a matter of fashion or social identity. As early as 1922, Emily Post (/wiki/Emily_Post) addressed what she termed the "freak American suit" in her influential guide Etiquette : You will see it everywhere, on Broadway of every city and Main Street of every town, on the boardwalks and beaches of coast resorts, and even in remote farming villages. It comes up to hit you in the face year after year in all its amazing variations: waist-line under the arm pits, "trick" little belts, what-nots in the cuffs; trousers so narrow you fear they will burst before your eyes, pockets placed in every position, buttons clustered together in a tight little row or reduced to one. Such progressive styles may not reflect the international tastes or etiquette. Some of the non-traditional tailored suit styles of the past century include: The Jazz suit (/w/index.php?title=Jazz_suit&action=edit&redlink=1) of the early 1920s were extremely high-waisted and snug-fitting and were worn with trousers which were quite high-waisted and trouser legs were short and revealed the wearer's socks. The Zoot suit (/wiki/Zoot_suit) of the late 1930s and 1940s. The Western suit, a form of western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) featuring a tailored jacket with "western" details such as pointed yokes or arrowhead pockets. The Nudie suit (/wiki/Nudie_Cohn) , a highly decorated form of western wear. The Ivy League (/wiki/Ivy_League_(clothes)) style of simplified, understated suits and casual clothing was popular for young men from the mid-1950s until the end of the 1960s, when it was supplanted by the flared, colorful styles of the peacock revolution (/wiki/Peacock_revolution) and the influences of the hippie (/wiki/Hippie) counterculture. The Beatle (/wiki/The_Beatles) suit, inspired by Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) 's collarless jackets, derived from Edwardian suits (/wiki/1900s_in_fashion) and the Indian Nehru jacket (/wiki/Nehru_jacket) . The Mod (/wiki/Mod_(subculture)) suit, a fashion of the 1960s, and again in the early 2010s (/wiki/2010s_fashion) . Characteristics include a very slim cut, narrow lapels, three or four buttons and a strongly tapered waist. Usually single-breasted and grey. The cloth generally consists in part of mohair (/wiki/Mohair) , tonic, houndstooth (/wiki/Houndstooth) , or two-tone fabric. The Safari suit (/wiki/Safari_suit) , a fashion of the 1970s. Patterned after military dress uniforms worn in hot climates, it consisted of (long, but sometimes short) trousers and short-sleeved jacket with patch pockets (/wiki/Patch_pocket) of a light suiting fabric, typically of beige or pastel shades of blue and green. It was worn with a short-sleeved shirt, mostly of open neck design, but occasionally with a tie. Another style associated with this was the leisure suit (/wiki/Leisure_suit) , which had a long-sleeved shirt-like jacket. The Disco (/wiki/Disco) suit, a fashion of the 1970s with wide lapels and flared trousers and usually necktie omitting, often in white or brightly coloured polyester (/wiki/Polyester) fabric, the jacket was based on the jackets popular in the 1930s. This style was epitomized by John Travolta (/wiki/John_Travolta) 's suit in the 1976 film Saturday Night Fever (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever) . The short-lived leisure suit (/wiki/Leisure_suit) also appeared in the 1970s, with matching jacket and trousers in less formal fabrics and colors than business suits. The Power suit of the mid-1980s and early 1990s: a double-breasted suit characterized by sharp cuts, wide shoulder pads and a rigid build. See also [ edit ] Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Bibliography [ edit ] Antongiavanni, Nicholas: The Suit , HarperCollins Publishers, New York, 2006. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-06-089186-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-089186-6) Byrd, Penelope: The Male Image: men's fashion in England 1300-1970 . B. T. Batsford Ltd, London, 1979. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7134-0860-X (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-0860-X) Croonborg, Frederick: The Blue Book of Men's Tailoring . Croonborg Sartorial Co., New York and Chicago, 1907 Cunnington, C. Willett (/wiki/Cecil_Willett_Cunnington) ; Cunnington, Phillis (/wiki/Phillis_Cunnington) (1959): Handbook of English Costume in the 19th Century , Plays Inc, Boston, 1970 reprint Devere, Louis: The Handbook of Practical Cutting on the Centre Crown System (London, 1866) revised and edited by R. L. Shep. R. L. Shep, Mendocino, California, 1986. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-914046-03-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-914046-03-9) Doyle, Robert: The Art of the Tailor , Sartorial Press Publications, Stratford, Ontario, 2005. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-9683039-2-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9683039-2-7) Druessedow, Jean L. (editor): Men's Fashion Illustration from the Turn of the Century Reprint. Originally published: New York: Jno J. Mitchell Co. 1910. Dover Publications, 1990 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-486-26353-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-26353-3) Mansfield, Alan; Cunnington, Phillis: Handbook of English Costume in the 20th Century 1900-1950 , Plays Inc, Boston, 1973 Stephenson, Angus (editor): The Shorter Oxford Dictionary . Oxford University Press, New York, 2007 Unknown author: The Standard Work on Cutting Men's Garments . 4th ed. Originally pub. 1886 by Jno J Mitchell, New York. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-916896-33-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-916896-33-1) Vincent, W. D. F.: The Cutter's Practical Guide. Vol II "All kinds of body coats" . The John Williamson Company, London, circa 1893. Waugh, Norah: The Cut of Men's Clothes 1600-1900 , Routledge, London, 1964. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-87830-025-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87830-025-2) Whife, A. A (ed): The Modern Tailor Outfitter and Clothier . The Caxton Publishing Company Ltd, London, 1951 References [ edit ] ^ a b Bass-Krueger, Maude (June 12, 2020). "History of the three-piece suit: how King Charles II kick-started a trend that's lasted over three centuries \| Vogue Singapore \| Fashion" (https://vogue.sg/history-of-the-three-piece-suit/) . Vogue Singapore . Retrieved October 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The History of the Suit by Decade" (https://www.gq.com/gallery/the-gq-history-of-the-suit-by-decade) . GQ . April 6, 2015 . Retrieved October 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Johnson, Birth of the Modern ^ (#cite_ref-4) Park, Mailing Address: 4097 Albany Post Road Hyde; Us, NY 12538 Phone: 845-229-6225 For Information about the Roosevelt-Vanderbilt National Historic Sites Contact. "Gilded Age Fashion - Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)" (https://www.nps.gov/elro/blogs/gilded-age-fashion.htm) . www.nps.gov . Retrieved October 6, 2023 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Ditto Suits" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/European-Culture-19th-Century/Ditto-Suits.html) . fashionencyclopaedia.com . Retrieved July 15, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Gilded Age Fashion \| Maymont Foundation" (https://maymont.org/explore/historic-estate/mansion/gilded-age-fashion/) . Maymont (/wiki/Maymont) . August 7, 2020 . Retrieved October 6, 2023 . ^ a b Waugh, Nora (1964). The History of Men's Clothes, 1600-1900 . Theatre Arts Books. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "History of Suits" (https://hallmadden.com/history) . Hall Madden . Retrieved October 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Green, Dennis. "We're entering a Golden Age of tuxedos — and these 8 photos show why" (https://www.businessinsider.com/the-complete-history-of-the-tuxedo-2015-10) . Business Insider . Retrieved October 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-graymatters_10-0) Gray, Robert E. (September 11, 2009). "Gray Matters" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/13/style/tmagazine/13return.html) . New York Times Style Magazine . Retrieved March 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Costume by John Redfern" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O154069/costume-redfern/) . Search the Collections . V&A Museum . Retrieved February 14, 2013 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_suits&oldid=1215518010#Victorian (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_suits&oldid=1215518010#Victorian) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 17th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st-century fashion (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) Suits (clothing) (/wiki/Category:Suits_(clothing)) History of clothing (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from October 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2023) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2021) All articles with incomplete citations (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations) Articles with incomplete citations from March 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_March_2022)
Detached villa in France This article is about the villa. For other uses, see Pausa (/wiki/Pausa) . La Pausa is a large detached villa (/wiki/Villa) in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin (/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin) , in the Alpes-Maritimes (/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes) department (/wiki/Departments_of_France) of France (/wiki/France) . It was designed and built by the French fashion designer Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) in the early 1930s, [1] (#cite_note-CCPic-1) and owned by Chanel until 1953. La Pausa was sold by Chanel to the Hungarian publisher Emery Reves (/wiki/Emery_Reves) . The former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (/wiki/Winston_Churchill) spent roughly a third of each year at La Pausa from 1956 to 1958 with Reves and his wife, Wendy, and wrote and edited part of his History of the English Speaking Peoples (/wiki/History_of_the_English_Speaking_Peoples) there. La Pausa was occupied by Wendy Reves until 2007. The principal rooms of La Pausa and its significant art collection were recreated at the Dallas Museum of Art (/wiki/Dallas_Museum_of_Art) during her lifetime and under her direction. The Reves wing was opened in 1985. [2] (#cite_note-2) Situated above the village of Roquebrune, the house enjoys views toward Menton (/wiki/Menton) and the French border with Italy on one side, and Monaco (/wiki/Monaco) on the other. [3] (#cite_note-ChInt-3) Its name refers to the legend that Mary Magdalene (/wiki/Mary_Magdalene) "paused" near here on her journey from Jerusalem following the crucifixion of Jesus (/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus) . [3] (#cite_note-ChInt-3) [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Coco Chanel [ edit ] Chanel bought the five-acre plot on which La Pausa was built for 1.8 million French francs (/wiki/French_francs) in February 1929. The plot had formerly been part of the hunting grounds of the ruling family of Monaco (/wiki/Monaco) , the Grimaldis (/wiki/Grimaldi_family) , and contained wild olive (/wiki/Olive) and orange (/wiki/Orange_(fruit)) groves. [5] (#cite_note-CCCos-5) The villa was built less than a year later. [1] (#cite_note-CCPic-1) The final cost of the villa was 6 million francs, a large sum for the time. [6] (#cite_note-Chaney2011-6) It is not clear whether Chanel or her lover, Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster (/wiki/Hugh_Grosvenor,_2nd_Duke_of_Westminster) financed the building and furnishing of La Pausa. [7] (#cite_note-7) La Pausa was built by architect Robert Streitz, who sought to build 'the ideal Mediterranean villa'. [1] (#cite_note-CCPic-1) Coco Chanel and the Duke of Westminster The design of the house modelled on the 12th-century convent-orphanage in Aubazines (/wiki/Aubazines) , in the department of Corrèze (/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze) , which Chanel spent her childhood. A stone staircase leads up from the main entrance hall and a cloister encloses a courtyard. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) A design of five windows is repeated throughout the house, in tribute to Chanel's perfume, Chanel No. 5 (/wiki/Chanel_No._5) . [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Chanel ordered more than 20,000 curved tiles to be hand-made for the roof, and furnished the house sparsely in shades of white and beige. Each bathroom has a servants' entrance. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Chanel would take Le Train Bleu (/wiki/Le_Train_Bleu) from Paris every month to inspect the progress of the building. [8] (#cite_note-CCCos110-8) If Chanel was unable to make the trip, local craftsmen would be sent to Paris to meet her. [8] (#cite_note-CCCos110-8) The colour scheme of the house was beige (/wiki/Beige) , which included a beige piano. [8] (#cite_note-CCCos110-8) Chanel may have been assisted in her design of the interior of La Pausa by Stéphane Boudin, the president of the interior design firm Maison Jansen (/wiki/Maison_Jansen) . [8] (#cite_note-CCCos110-8) The Great Hall of La Pausa as reconstructed at the Dallas Museum of Art The central villa is 10,000 sq ft (930 m 2 ) in size, with two smaller villas built for guests. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) [6] (#cite_note-Chaney2011-6) The main house consists of seven bedrooms, with three living rooms, a dining room, two kitchens, and staff quarters. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Streitz had previously restored another local villa for Chanel's friend, Count Jean de Segonzac. [6] (#cite_note-Chaney2011-6) La Pausa contains three wings that face onto a shaded courtyard, with the rooms containing large fireplaces. [6] (#cite_note-Chaney2011-6) The rooms were filled by Chanel with 16th-century English oak furniture, given to her by the Duke of Westminster; English oak was also used for floors and panelling. [6] (#cite_note-Chaney2011-6) The large reception rooms were lit by wrought-iron chandeliers from Spain. [9] (#cite_note-CCCos114-9) The poet Pierre Reverdy (/wiki/Pierre_Reverdy) stayed at La Pausa for long periods during the 1930s, and the poet Paul Iribe (/wiki/Paul_Iribe) , Chanel's lover, collapsed and died while playing tennis with Chanel at La Pausa in 1935. [6] (#cite_note-Chaney2011-6) Guests of Chanel's at La Pausa included Igor Stravinsky (/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky) , Pablo Picasso (/wiki/Pablo_Picasso) , Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) and Luchino Visconti (/wiki/Luchino_Visconti) . [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) La Pausa was profiled by American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine in 1938, with the garden described as containing "groves of orange trees, great slopes of lavender, masses of purple iris, and huge clusters of climbing roses." [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Twenty olive trees from Antibes were replanted in the garden. [8] (#cite_note-CCCos110-8) The designer Roderick Cameron said that at La Pausa, Chanel was the first to cultivate lavender and other flora previously regarded as "poor plants". [9] (#cite_note-CCCos114-9) The architect of La Pausa, Robert Streitz, was a member of the French Resistance (/wiki/French_Resistance) during the German occupation of France (/wiki/German_occupation_of_France_during_World_War_II) in the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) . [10] (#cite_note-CCPicA-10) Streitz hid in La Pausa's cellars, from which he transmitted covert messages. Jewish refugees were also able to use La Pausa, using its gardens as a staging post in their escape from France to the Italian border. [10] (#cite_note-CCPicA-10) During the German occupation of France, Chanel made several visits to La Pausa with her lover, the German spy Baron von Dincklage. [10] (#cite_note-CCPicA-10) The design of La Pausa also influenced Chanel's fashion designs, with her collections evoking the pink and grey palettes of the house and landscape. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2007 Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) released a perfume inspired by La Pausa, 28 La Pausa, as part of their "Les Exclusifs" collection. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) It was created by Chanel's perfumer Jacques Polge (/wiki/Jacques_Polge) . [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Emery and Wendy Reves [ edit ] A box of paints used by Winston Churchill at La Pausa Chanel sold La Pausa in 1953 to the Hungarian émigré publisher Emery Reves (/wiki/Emery_Reves) . [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) [12] (#cite_note-Lovell2011-12) Reves bought La Pausa from the proceeds of the foreign-language rights to the British Prime Minister (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom) Winston Churchill (/wiki/Winston_Churchill) 's book on the Second World War (/wiki/The_Second_World_War_(book_series)) . [13] (#cite_note-Schweber2009-13) Churchill subsequently became a guest of Reves and Reve's wife, Wendy Russell Reves (/wiki/Wendy_Russell_Reves) , at La Pausa, often staying for weeks at a time. [13] (#cite_note-Schweber2009-13) Churchill found the atmosphere with the Reveses at La Pausa relaxing, with his secretary describing him as seeming "twenty years younger" when at the house, which Churchill nicknamed "Pausaland". [14] (#cite_note-Pearson2011-14) Guests hosted by the Reves with Churchill included Noël Coward (/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward) , Somerset Maugham (/wiki/Somerset_Maugham) and Edward Molyneux (/wiki/Edward_Molyneux) . [12] (#cite_note-Lovell2011-12) However, Churchill's wife, Clementine (/wiki/Clementine_Churchill,_Baroness_Spencer-Churchill) , found La Pausa claustrophobic, and only stayed with Churchill for four of his eleven visits to the house. Churchill would spend a total of 54 weeks at La Pausa over the three and a half years from his first visit in 1956, spending roughly a third of a year at the house from 1956 to 1958. [15] (#cite_note-Jenkins2002-15) While at the house Churchill wrote and edited part of his History of the English Speaking Peoples (/wiki/History_of_the_English_Speaking_Peoples) . [16] (#cite_note-Church-16) Churchill would occupy an entire floor when he stayed at La Pausa; his private secretary Anthony Montague Brown, had his own office, and Clementine Churchill had her own suite. [16] (#cite_note-Church-16) Churchill's visits to La Pausa were curtailed in 1960 after Emery Reves declined to host him, apparently because of a perceived snub by Churchill and Wendy's mental health. [15] (#cite_note-Jenkins2002-15) Other notable high society (/wiki/High_society_(group)) guests hosted by the Reves at La Pausa included Prince Rainier (/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco) and Princess Grace of Monaco (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) , the Duke (/wiki/Edward_VIII) and Duchess of Windsor (/wiki/Wallis_Simpson) , and the actors Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) , Errol Flynn (/wiki/Errol_Flynn) and Clark Gable (/wiki/Clark_Gable) . [12] (#cite_note-Lovell2011-12) Art collection, Dallas Museum of Art [ edit ] Emery and Wendy Reves created an important collection of impressionist (/wiki/Impressionism) and post-impressionist (/wiki/Post-Impressionism) art at La Pausa, with such artists as Paul Cézanne (/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne) , Claude Monet (/wiki/Claude_Monet) , Paul Gauguin (/wiki/Paul_Gauguin) , Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir) , Vincent van Gogh (/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh) and Edgar Degas (/wiki/Edgar_Degas) represented in their collection of seventy paintings. In addition to paintings their collection at La Pausa included 300 pieces of Chinese export porcelain (/wiki/Export_porcelain) , more than 150 silver objects, Medieval ironwork and Arabic and Spanish carpets. [17] (#cite_note-Bryant2001-17) Following Emery Reves's death in 1981, the Dallas Museum of Art (/wiki/Dallas_Museum_of_Art) in the United States approached Wendy Reves knowing that there was a possibility that her art collection at La Pausa might be given to a museum. [17] (#cite_note-Bryant2001-17) In exchange for the 1985 donation Reves insisted that the museum recreate six of the principal rooms at La Pausa, and display the collection there as she had arranged it. [17] (#cite_note-Bryant2001-17) The collection of 1,400 objet d'art (/wiki/Objet_d%27art) is displayed at the museum as the Wendy and Emery Reves Collection (/wiki/Dallas_Museum_of_Art#Wendy_and_Emery_Reves_Collection) in a reconstruction of five rooms from La Pausa. [18] (#cite_note-DMA-18) The villa's central courtyard and patio were reconstructed at the museum along with the villa's dining room, library, salon, bedroom, and hall, [18] (#cite_note-DMA-18) situated in a purpose built 16,500-square-foot wing designed by architect Edward Larrabee Barnes (/wiki/Edward_Larrabee_Barnes) . [18] (#cite_note-DMA-18) Wendy Reves also donated $3 million to the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, to establish the Reves Center for International Studies, and directed that the Reves Foundation benefit that college with 40 percent of annual endowment funding. She also arranged for herself and her husband to be buried at William and Mary. [19] (#cite_note-Nancy_Smith-19) 21st century [ edit ] Wendy Reves continued to occupy the house until her death in 2007. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) She bequeathed the Reves Foundation including the villa and its contents to the Dallas Museum of Art (which received the largest part), as well as to several charities, and the College of Williams and Mary. La Pausa was closed up after her death; [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) in 2013 the house was described as requiring modernisation, needing new heating, electrical, and plumbing systems, as well as renovations to the kitchen and bathrooms. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Repairs were also required to the stone steps and road leading to the house. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) Following Reves's death, La Pausa was put up for sale, with the sale of items from the house to benefit the Reves Foundation. [16] (#cite_note-Church-16) In 2012 La Pausa was withdrawn from sale by Sotheby's (/wiki/Sotheby%27s) due to pending litigation. [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) After the legal problems were resolved, Knight Frank (/wiki/Knight_Frank) put La Pausa up for sale in May 2013 for 40 million euros (/wiki/Euro) . [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) In 2013 the French ambassador to Monaco, Hugues Moret, said of the sale that La Pausa was "part of France's heritage," adding that "We have to find a way to keep it in the family." [4] (#cite_note-NYTParis-4) The villa was bought by the House of Chanel (/wiki/House_of_Chanel) in 2015, and is used for the display of works of jewelry to wealthy buyers. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) Works from the Wendy and Emery Reves Collection [ edit ] Paul Cézanne (/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne) , Still Life with Apples, a Bottle and a Milk Pot , 1900–06 Paul Cézanne, Still Life with Carafe, Milk Can, Bowl, and Orange , 1879–80 Gustave Courbet (/wiki/Gustave_Courbet) , Portrait of Jongkind Gustave Courbet, Portrait of Regis Courbet, the Artist's Father , 1848–1849 Gustave Courbet, Still Life with Apples, Pear, and Pomegranates , 1871 or 1872 Honoré Daumier (/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier) , Head of Pasquin , 1862–1863 Edgar Degas (/wiki/Edgar_Degas) , Aria After the Ballet , 1879 Edgar Degas, Group of Dancers c.1895-c.1897 Edgar Degas, The Bathers , c.1890-c.1895 Henri Fantin-Latour (/wiki/Henri_Fantin-Latour) , Portrait of Manet , 1867 Frame with mirror 18th-century French mirror Paul Gauguin (/wiki/Paul_Gauguin) , Portrait of a man , Claude Monet (/wiki/Claude_Monet) , Le Pont Neuf , 1871 Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir) , Lise Sewing , 1866 Édouard Manet (/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet) , Le Bouchon , 1878 Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli (/wiki/Adolphe_Joseph_Thomas_Monticelli) , Still Life with Sardines and Sea-Urchins , 1880–1882 Berthe Morisot (/wiki/Berthe_Morisot) , The Port of Nice , Winter 1881/1882 Pierre-Auguste Renoir, La Mare aux canards , 1873 Pierre-Auguste Renoir, The Seine at Chatou , 1874 Camille Pissarro (/wiki/Camille_Pissarro) , Landscape at Eragny , 1890 Camille Pissarro, Place du Theatre Francais: Fog Effect , 1890 Camille Pissarro, The Road to Versailles, Louveciennes: Morning Frost , 1871 Camille Pissarro, La Rue de l'Hermitage, Pontoise , 1873–1875 Camille Pissarro, Self-portrait , 1897–1898 (In frame) Odilon Redon (/wiki/Odilon_Redon) , Flowers in a Black Vase , c.1909-1910 Odilon Redon, The Port of Morgat , 1882 Pierre-Auguste Renoir, In the Studio (Georges Riviere and Marguerite Legrand (/wiki/Marguerite_Legrand) ) , 1876–1877 Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Lise in a White Shawl , 1871–1872 Pierre-Auguste Renoir, The Bather , 1880–1881 Auguste Rodin (/wiki/Auguste_Rodin) , I Am Beautiful , 1882 Auguste Rodin, The Sirens , 1888 Alfred Sisley, Road Along the Seine at Saint-Mammes , c.1880 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec) , Dog , 1880 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Prostitutes , 1893–1895 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, The Last Respects , 1887 Vincent van Gogh (/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh) , Café Terrace at Night , 1888 Vincent van Gogh (/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh) , Sheaves of Wheat , July 1890 Édouard Vuillard (/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard) , The Little Restaurant , 1894 Édouard Vuillard, The Tent , 1908 Édouard Manet, Espagnole à la Croix Noire , c.1863 Édouard Manet (/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet) , The Spanish Singer , 1891 References [ edit ] ^ a b c Picardie 2010 (#CITEREFPicardie2010) , pp. 165 ^ (#cite_ref-2) The Wendy and Emery Reves collection, Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, 1985. ^ a b Chaney 2011 (#CITEREFChaney2011) , pp. 178 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Elaine, Sciolino (7 June 2013). "Letter from Paris: The House that Coco Built" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/letter-from-paris-the-house-that-coco-built/?_r=0) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-CCCos_5-0) Cosgrave 2013 (#CITEREFCosgrave2013) , pp. 109 ^ a b c d e f Lisa Chaney (6 October 2011). Chanel: An Intimate Life . Penguin Books Limited. pp. 345–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-14-197299-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Chaney 2011 (#CITEREFChaney2011) , pp. 303 ^ a b c d e Cosgrave 2013 (#CITEREFCosgrave2013) , pp. 110 ^ a b Cosgrave 2013 (#CITEREFCosgrave2013) , pp. 114 ^ a b c Picardie 2010 (#CITEREFPicardie2010) , pp. 237 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Cosgrave 2013 (#CITEREFCosgrave2013) , pp. 119 ^ a b c Mary Lovell (7 April 2011). The Churchills . Little, Brown Book Group. pp. 486–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7481-1711-6 . ^ a b Silvan S. Schweber (30 June 2009). Einstein and Oppenheimer: The Meaning of Genius . Harvard University Press. pp. 65–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-674-04335-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pearson2011_14-0) John Pearson (1 December 2011). The Private Lives of Winston Churchill . Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 315–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4482-0783-1 . ^ a b Roy Jenkins (2002). Churchill . Pan Books. pp. 904–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-330-48805-1 . ^ a b c "Emery and Wendy Reves "La Pausa" For Sale for $56 million" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131022162925/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/in-the-media/churchill-in-the-news/1272-emery-and-wendy-reves-qla-pausaq-for-sale) . WinstonChurchill.org - Churchill in the news . The Churchill Foundation. Archived from the original (http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/in-the-media/churchill-in-the-news/1272-emery-and-wendy-reves-qla-pausaq-for-sale) on 22 October 2013 . Retrieved 20 October 2013 . ^ a b c Keith L. Bryant (2001). Culture in the American Southwest: The Earth, the Sky, the People . Texas A&M University Press. pp. 241–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-89096-948-9 . ^ a b c "Dallas Museum of Art Celebrates the 25th anniversary of the Wendy and Emery Reves Collection" (https://www.dma.org/press-release/dallas-museum-art-celebrates-25th-anniversary-wendy-and-emery-reves-collection) . Dallas Museum of Art - Press release . Dallas Museum of Art . Retrieved 5 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nancy_Smith_19-0) Churchill on the Riviera: Winston Churchill, Wendy Reves, and the Villa La Pausa built by Coco Chanel . Biblio Press. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Davidson, Annabel (22 July 2017). "Inside La Pausa: Coco Chanel's Côte d'Azur hideaway that inspired the new high jewellery collection" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/jewellery/inside-la-pausa-coco-chanels-cote-dazur-hideaway-inspired-new/) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 3 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Weil, Jennifer (30 September 2015). "Chanel Buys Founder's Villa La Pausa" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/chanel-buys-villa-la-pausa-france-10246892/) . WWD . Retrieved 3 April 2019 . Olivier Meslay, Martha MacLeod (2015). From Chanel to Reves, La Pausa and its collections at the Dallas Museum of Art . Dallas Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-936227-30-6 . Bibliography [ edit ] Chaney, Lisa (2011). Coco Chanel: An Intimate Life . Penguin. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-14-103685-4 . Cosgrave, Bronwyn (2013). Vogue On Coco Chanel . Quadrille. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84949-111-2 . Picardie, Justine (2010). Coco Chanel: The Legend and the Life . Harper Collins. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-00-731904-6 . Smith, Nancy (2017). Churchill on the Riviera: Winston Churchill, Wendy Reves, and the Villa La Pausa built by Coco Chanel . Biblio Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1622493661 . Meslay, Olivier (2015). From Chanel to Reves: La Pausa and its Collections at the Dallas Museum of Art . Dallas Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0936227306 . External links [ edit ] 'La Pausa Before La Pausa' - A lecture on La Pausa by the Dallas Museum of Arts curator Olivier Meslay (https://www.dma.org/audio/la-pausa-la-pausa) 'Searching for Chanel at the DMA' - A blogpost on Coco Chanel's items from La Pausa in the Dallas Museum of Arts (http://uncrated.wordpress.com/2014/02/19/searching-for-chanel-at-the-dma/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/170154329443926970008) National Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007414234405171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2015001921) 43°45′46.88″N 7°27′58.97″E / 43.7630222°N 7.4663806°E / 43.7630222; 7.4663806 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7db4bf6597‐hlrrw Cached time: 20240717182308 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.481 seconds Real time usage: 0.791 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1680/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36633/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 887/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 121290/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.270/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6778088/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 726.001 1 -total 26.10% 189.514 1 Template:Reflist 22.67% 164.616 1 Template:Authority_control 17.49% 126.968 1 Template:Short_description 13.70% 99.435 5 Template:Main_other 11.66% 84.687 3 Template:Cite_news 9.58% 69.518 1 Template:SDcat 7.19% 52.225 13 Template:Cite_book 6.05% 43.944 2 Template:Pagetype 5.63% 40.905 8 Template:Harvnb Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40818758-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717182308 and revision id 1174570027. 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion design (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Design_of_fashion) . Fashion design is the art (/wiki/Art) dedicated to the creation of wearing apparel (/wiki/Apparel) and lifestyle. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + Fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers) ‎ (12 C, 4 P) C Costume design (/wiki/Category:Costume_design) ‎ (10 C, 40 P, 3 F) E Fashion educators (/wiki/Category:Fashion_educators) ‎ (3 P) H Haute couture (/wiki/Category:Haute_couture) ‎ (7 C, 64 P) M Muodin huipulle (/wiki/Category:Muodin_huipulle) ‎ (3 P) P Parts of clothing (/wiki/Category:Parts_of_clothing) ‎ (7 C, 43 P) S Fashion schools (/wiki/Category:Fashion_schools) ‎ (2 C, 22 P) Pages in category "Fashion design" The following 48 pages are in this category, out of 48 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) A Advanced Fashion Design and Technology (/wiki/Advanced_Fashion_Design_and_Technology) Rami Al Ali (/wiki/Rami_Al_Ali) Artificial leather (/wiki/Artificial_leather) B Ballet and fashion (/wiki/Ballet_and_fashion) Bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) C Marian Clayden (/wiki/Marian_Clayden) Clothing sizes (/wiki/Clothing_sizes) Couturier (/wiki/Couturier) Cruise collection (/wiki/Cruise_collection) D Design history (/wiki/Design_history) Design Piracy Prohibition Act (/wiki/Design_Piracy_Prohibition_Act) Dotted Swiss (fabric) (/wiki/Dotted_Swiss_(fabric)) E Embellishment (/wiki/Embellishment) F Fashion design copyright (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright) Fashion design copyright in the United States (/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright_in_the_United_States) Fashion illustration (/wiki/Fashion_illustration) Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC (/wiki/Fashion_Originators%27_Guild_of_America_v._FTC) G Gather (sewing) (/wiki/Gather_(sewing)) Georgine (brand) (/wiki/Georgine_(brand)) Gore (fabrics) (/wiki/Gore_(fabrics)) H Harlequin print (/wiki/Harlequin_print) History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) I Indigenous fashion of the Americas (/wiki/Indigenous_fashion_of_the_Americas) Israeli fashion (/wiki/Israeli_fashion) J Joint European standard for size labelling of clothes (/wiki/Joint_European_standard_for_size_labelling_of_clothes) K Kilkenny Design Workshops (/wiki/Kilkenny_Design_Workshops) M Made-to-measure (/wiki/Made-to-measure) N Native American fashion (/wiki/Native_American_fashion) New bespoke movement (/wiki/New_bespoke_movement) P Petite size (/wiki/Petite_size) PimComedy Fashion Show (/wiki/PimComedy_Fashion_Show) Pleat (/wiki/Pleat) PVC clothing (/wiki/PVC_clothing) R Ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) Resort wear (/wiki/Resort_wear) Riding coat (/wiki/Riding_coat) Ruffle (sewing) (/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)) S Sheer fabric (/wiki/Sheer_fabric) Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc. (/wiki/Star_Athletica,_LLC_v._Varsity_Brands,_Inc.) Style line (/wiki/Style_line) T Toile (/wiki/Toile) Trim (sewing) (/wiki/Trim_(sewing)) U U.S. standard clothing size (/wiki/U.S._standard_clothing_size) V Vanity sizing (/wiki/Vanity_sizing) Vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) W Waistline (clothing) (/wiki/Waistline_(clothing)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_design&oldid=930409332 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_design&oldid=930409332) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion (/wiki/Category:Fashion) Design (/wiki/Category:Design) Arts by type (/wiki/Category:Arts_by_type) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
A list of television shows, programs or networks where the setting takes place in, or revolves around, the world of beauty and fashion in general (beautification, magazines, styles, imaging, modeling, makeovers, trends, etc.). NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐nrlfb Cached time: 20240718051717 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:7720002-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718051717 and revision id 1043743353. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. A Absolutely Fabulous (/wiki/Category:Absolutely_Fabulous) ‎ (1 C, 16 P) F Fashion-themed reality television series (/wiki/Category:Fashion-themed_reality_television_series) ‎ (3 C, 58 P) M Modeling-themed television series (/wiki/Category:Modeling-themed_television_series) ‎ (1 C, 22 P) W Winx Club (/wiki/Category:Winx_Club) ‎ (3 C, 15 P) Y Yo soy Betty, la fea (/wiki/Category:Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea) ‎ (1 C, 19 P) Pages in category "Fashion-themed television series" The following 84 pages are in this category, out of 84 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 The $1.98 Beauty Show (/wiki/The_$1.98_Beauty_Show) 90-60-90, diario secreto de una adolescente (/wiki/90-60-90,_diario_secreto_de_una_adolescente) A Absolutely Fabulous (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous) And Everything Nice (/wiki/And_Everything_Nice) The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story (/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Gianni_Versace:_American_Crime_Story) B The Baker and the Beauty (American TV series) (/wiki/The_Baker_and_the_Beauty_(American_TV_series)) The Baker and the Beauty (Indian TV series) (/wiki/The_Baker_and_the_Beauty_(Indian_TV_series)) The Bold and the Beautiful (/wiki/The_Bold_and_the_Beautiful) The Bold Type (/wiki/The_Bold_Type) Bratz (TV series) (/wiki/Bratz_(TV_series)) C The Carrie Diaries (TV series) (/wiki/The_Carrie_Diaries_(TV_series)) Claws (TV series) (/wiki/Claws_(TV_series)) The Clothes Show (/wiki/The_Clothes_Show) Clothes-Line (/wiki/Clothes-Line) The Collection (TV series) (/wiki/The_Collection_(TV_series)) Cristóbal Balenciaga (TV series) (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga_(TV_series)) D Diana (American TV series) (/wiki/Diana_(American_TV_series)) Downtown Girls (/wiki/Downtown_Girls) E The Ern Westmore Hollywood Glamour Show (/wiki/The_Ern_Westmore_Hollywood_Glamour_Show) Esti HaMekho'eret (/wiki/Esti_HaMekho%27eret) F Fashion 70s (/wiki/Fashion_70s) Fashion File (/wiki/Fashion_File) The Fashion Fund (/wiki/The_Fashion_Fund) Fashion House (/wiki/Fashion_House) Fashion Hunters (/wiki/Fashion_Hunters) Fashion King (TV series) (/wiki/Fashion_King_(TV_series)) The Fashion Show (American TV series) (/wiki/The_Fashion_Show_(American_TV_series)) The Fashion Show (British TV series) (/wiki/The_Fashion_Show_(British_TV_series)) Fashion War (/wiki/Fashion_War) Fashionably Late with Rachel Zoe (/wiki/Fashionably_Late_with_Rachel_Zoe) Fashions on Parade (/wiki/Fashions_on_Parade) FashionTelevision (/wiki/FashionTelevision) FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) La fea más bella (/wiki/La_fea_m%C3%A1s_bella) Full Frontal Fashion (/wiki/Full_Frontal_Fashion) G Girlboss (TV series) (/wiki/Girlboss_(TV_series)) Glamorous (TV series) (/wiki/Glamorous_(TV_series)) Gossip Girl (/wiki/Gossip_Girl) Gossip Girl (2021 TV series) (/wiki/Gossip_Girl_(2021_TV_series)) H Hair Fashions (/wiki/Hair_Fashions) Halston (miniseries) (/wiki/Halston_(miniseries)) HappinessCharge Pretty Cure! (/wiki/HappinessCharge_Pretty_Cure!) Haus of Vicious (/wiki/Haus_of_Vicious) House of DVF (/wiki/House_of_DVF) The House of Eliott (/wiki/The_House_of_Eliott) House of Glam (/wiki/House_of_Glam) House of Style (/wiki/House_of_Style) I Iron Ladies (TV series) (/wiki/Iron_Ladies_(TV_series)) It's a Brad, Brad World (/wiki/It%27s_a_Brad,_Brad_World) J Jane by Design (/wiki/Jane_by_Design) Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin (/wiki/Jassi_Jaissi_Koi_Nahin) Just Shoot Me! (/wiki/Just_Shoot_Me!) K Katy Keene (TV series) (/wiki/Katy_Keene_(TV_series)) L Lady Maid Maid (/wiki/Lady_Maid_Maid) Life & Style (/wiki/Life_%26_Style) Lipstick Jungle (TV series) (/wiki/Lipstick_Jungle_(TV_series)) Lives of Style (/wiki/Lives_of_Style) Lovely to Look At (TV series) (/wiki/Lovely_to_Look_At_(TV_series)) M Magkaribal (/wiki/Magkaribal) Mannequin Parade (/wiki/Mannequin_Parade) Material Girl (TV series) (/wiki/Material_Girl_(TV_series)) N The New Look (TV series) (/wiki/The_New_Look_(TV_series)) O Off the Rails (TV series) (/wiki/Off_the_Rails_(TV_series)) Oh So Cosmo (/wiki/Oh_So_Cosmo) One Tree Hill (TV series) (/wiki/One_Tree_Hill_(TV_series)) P Pusong Ligaw (/wiki/Pusong_Ligaw) R The Rachel Zoe Project (/wiki/The_Rachel_Zoe_Project) Running in Heels (/wiki/Running_in_Heels) S Scarlet Heart 2 (/wiki/Scarlet_Heart_2) Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) She Would Never Know (/wiki/She_Would_Never_Know) Single Ladies (TV series) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(TV_series)) Straight Plan for the Gay Man (/wiki/Straight_Plan_for_the_Gay_Man) Style (TV series) (/wiki/Style_(TV_series)) Style with Elsa Klensch (/wiki/Style_with_Elsa_Klensch) T True Jackson, VP (/wiki/True_Jackson,_VP) U Ugly Betty (/wiki/Ugly_Betty) V Vanity Fair (1939 TV series) (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(1939_TV_series)) Velvet (TV series) (/wiki/Velvet_(TV_series)) Veronica's Closet (/wiki/Veronica%27s_Closet) W World Fashion Channel (/wiki/World_Fashion_Channel) The World of Glamour (/wiki/The_World_of_Glamour) Y Yo soy Betty, la fea (/wiki/Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea) Your Wardrobe (/wiki/Your_Wardrobe) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion-themed_television_series&oldid=1043743353 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion-themed_television_series&oldid=1043743353) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Television series by genre (/wiki/Category:Television_series_by_genre) Fiction about fashion (/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_fashion)
English model (born 1986) Poppy Delevingne Delevingne in 2009 Born Poppy Angela Delevingne ( 1986-05-03 ) 3 May 1986 (age 38) London (/wiki/London) , England Other names Poppy Cook Occupations Model actress Years active 2004–present Spouse James Cook ( m. 2014; sep. 2022) Parent Charles Delevingne (/wiki/Charles_Delevingne) (father) Relatives Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) (sister) Jocelyn Stevens (/wiki/Jocelyn_Stevens) (maternal grandfather) Modelling information Height 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) [1] (#cite_note-Storm-1) Hair colour Blonde Eye colour Blue [1] (#cite_note-Storm-1) Agency IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) (New York, Paris, Milan, London) [2] (#cite_note-2) Poppy Angela Delevingne (born 3 May 1986) [3] (#cite_note-bp2003-3) is an English socialite (/wiki/Socialite) , actress and model. Family and personal life [ edit ] Delevingne (/wiki/Delevingne) was born on 3 May 1986, [4] (#cite_note-4) in London, one of three daughters of property developer Charles Hamar Delevingne (/wiki/Charles_Delevingne) and Pandora Anne Delevingne (née Stevens). She grew up in Belgravia (/wiki/Belgravia) and attended the independent Bedales School (/wiki/Bedales_School) . She is the elder sister of model and actress Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) . [5] (#cite_note-Blasberg-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Delevingne's maternal grandfather was publishing executive and English Heritage (/wiki/English_Heritage) chairman Sir Jocelyn Stevens (/wiki/Jocelyn_Stevens) . [7] (#cite_note-Waite-7) [8] (#cite_note-Hermann-8) Her paternal grandmother was the socialite The Hon. Angela Margo Hamar Greenwood (/wiki/Angela_Delevingne) . [8] (#cite_note-Hermann-8) [9] (#cite_note-Burke-9) Delevingne is a muse and friend of fashion designer Matthew Williamson (/wiki/Matthew_Williamson) , [10] (#cite_note-Kilcooley-10) [11] (#cite_note-Milligan-11) and previously shared a New York apartment with actress Sienna Miller (/wiki/Sienna_Miller) . [5] (#cite_note-Blasberg-5) [12] (#cite_note-Niven-12) In October 2012, Delevingne became engaged to James Cook, a former model, who works for his family's aerospace company. [13] (#cite_note-13) [10] (#cite_note-Kilcooley-10) [14] (#cite_note-Bergin-14) They were married in May 2014. [15] (#cite_note-15) In March 2023, it was announced that Delevingne was dating Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Prince_Constantine_Alexios_of_Greece_and_Denmark) , creating speculation that Delevingne and Cook have separated permanently. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Career [ edit ] In 2004, Delevingne was featured on the music video " Sunday Morning (/wiki/Sunday_Morning_(Maroon_5_song)) " by Maroon 5 (/wiki/Maroon_5) , as the karaoke singer in Japan. [18] (#cite_note-18) Delevingne was spotted by Storm Management (/wiki/Storm_Management) founder Sarah Doukas in 2008. [10] (#cite_note-Kilcooley-10) She has modelled for brands such as Shiatzy Chen (/wiki/Shiatzy_Chen) , Laura Ashley (/wiki/Laura_Ashley) , Anya Hindmarch (/wiki/Anya_Hindmarch) , Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) , and Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , [11] (#cite_note-Milligan-11) [7] (#cite_note-Waite-7) has walked the runway for brands including Julien Macdonald (/wiki/Julien_Macdonald) and Giles Deacon (/wiki/Giles_Deacon) , [10] (#cite_note-Kilcooley-10) and has worked with photographers such as Terry Richardson (/wiki/Terry_Richardson) . [5] (#cite_note-Blasberg-5) Having caught the eye of designer Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , she became the face of the Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) summer 2012 collection. Delevingne has graced the covers of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) (Turkey), Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) (Korea), Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) (Mexico, Ukraine, Korea, Norway) and Love (/wiki/Love_(magazine)) . [11] (#cite_note-Milligan-11) [7] (#cite_note-Waite-7) Delevingne is a Young Ambassador for the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) , [11] (#cite_note-Milligan-11) a Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) brand ambassador, [12] (#cite_note-Niven-12) [7] (#cite_note-Waite-7) [14] (#cite_note-Bergin-14) and serves as a spokesperson representing Jo Malone London (/wiki/Jo_Malone_London) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2017, Delevingne played the role of Clara Von Gluckfberg in Kingsman: The Golden Circle (/wiki/Kingsman:_The_Golden_Circle) , and the role of Adrianna Colonna in The Aspern Papers (/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers_(film)) directed by Julien Landais (/wiki/Julien_Landais) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2020 Delevingne teamed up with her sisters (the older Chloe and the younger Cara) to launch Della Vite, an award-winning, sustainably-produced, vegan range of Prosecco wines. This Italian beverage had long been a family favourite; the brand was named after the phrase "of the vine" (Della Vite in Italian and Delevingne in French). In 2023 it was announced that Delevingne will appear in Rohit Karn Batra's drama The Gun on Second Street . Her role has yet to be announced. [21] (#cite_note-21) Filmography [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2009 The Boat That Rocked (/wiki/The_Boat_That_Rocked) Model Perfect Liberty Short film (/wiki/Short_film) 2014 She's Funny That Way (/wiki/She%27s_Funny_That_Way_(film)) Macy's Greeter 2016 Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous:_The_Movie) Fashion Show / Huki Muki Attendee Elvis & Nixon (/wiki/Elvis_%26_Nixon) Stewardess #4 2017 King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (/wiki/King_Arthur:_Legend_of_the_Sword) Igraine (/wiki/Igraine) Kingsman: The Golden Circle (/wiki/Kingsman:_The_Golden_Circle) Clara Von Gluckfberg 2018 The Aspern Papers (/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers_(film)) Signora Colonna 2019 Bittersweet Symphony (/wiki/Bittersweet_Symphony_(film)) Abigail 2020 Spy Intervention (/wiki/Spy_Intervention) Pam Grayson 2022 Assailant (/wiki/Assailant) Zoe Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2012 Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model (/wiki/Britain_and_Ireland%27s_Next_Top_Model) Herself / Guest Judge Series 8, Episode: "Episode 10" 2015 I Live with Models (/wiki/I_Live_with_Models) Sophie Episode: "The Suit" The Royals (/wiki/The_Royals_(TV_series)) Tiara Episode: "We Are Pictures, or Mere Beasts" 2018 Genius (/wiki/Genius_(American_TV_series)) Marie-Thérèse Walter Recurring role (season 2) 2019–2020 Riviera (/wiki/Riviera_(TV_series)) Daphne Eltham Main cast (series 2–3) Music videos [ edit ] Year Title Artist(s) Role Ref. 2004 " Sunday Morning (/wiki/Sunday_Morning_(Maroon_5_song)) " Maroon 5 (/wiki/Maroon_5) Karaoke Singer [22] (#cite_note-22) 2017 "Sing Out" Herself and Karen Elson (/wiki/Karen_Elson) Store Owner [23] (#cite_note-23) Ancestry [ edit ] Ancestors of Poppy Delevingne 8. Edward Charles Delevingne 4. Edward Dudley Delevingne 2. Charles Delevingne (/wiki/Charles_Delevingne) 10. Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood (/wiki/Hamar_Greenwood,_1st_Viscount_Greenwood) 5. The Hon. Angela Margo Greenwood (/wiki/Angela_Delevingne) 11. Margery Spencer (/wiki/Margery_Greenwood,_Viscountess_Greenwood) 1. Poppy Delevingne 12. Maj. (/wiki/Major_(rank)) Charles Greville Bartlett Stewart-Stevens 6. Sir (/wiki/Sir) Jocelyn Stevens (/wiki/Jocelyn_Stevens) 26. Sir Edward Hulton, 1st Baronet (/wiki/Sir_Edward_Hulton,_1st_Baronet) 13. Betty Hulton 27. Fanny Elizabeth Warriss, aka. Millie Lindon (/wiki/Millie_Lindon) 3. Pandora Anne Stevens 28. Sir Berkeley Sheffield, 6th Baronet (/wiki/Berkeley_Sheffield) 14. John Hamar Greenwood 29. Baroness Julia de Tuyll van Serooskerken 7. Jane Armyne Sheffield 30. Sir (/wiki/Sir) Lionel Lawson Faudel-Phillips, 3rd Baronet (/wiki/Faudel-Phillips_baronets) 15. Charlotte Churchill Hubbard 31. Armyne Evelyn Gordon (granddaughter of Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly (/wiki/Charles_Gordon,_10th_Marquess_of_Huntly) ) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Poppy Delevingne Profile at Storm Models" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120721090251/http://www.stormmodels.com/PoppyDelevingne.html) . Storm Models. Archived from the original (http://www.stormmodels.com/PoppyDelevingne.html) on 21 July 2012 . Retrieved 6 December 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Poppy Delevingne - Model" (https://models.com/models/poppy-delevingne) . ^ (#cite_ref-bp2003_3-0) Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 2, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 3028 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "About Poppy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160320043245/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/poppy-delevingne) . Archived from the original (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/poppy-delevingne) on 20 March 2016 . Retrieved 29 March 2016 . ^ a b c Blasberg, Derek (/wiki/Derek_Blasberg) (7 February 2010). "Poppy Delevingne: Fashion's It Girl" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/party-pictures/poppy-delevingne-fashion-0310) . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 4 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Waite, Alicia (16 March 2011). "Model siblings: Poppy and Cara Delevingne" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8385208/Model-siblings-Poppy-and-Cara-Delevigne.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 26 December 2016 . ^ a b c d Waite, Alicia (17 February 2012). "Poppy Delevingne is Marc Jacobs' latest muse for Louis Vuitton" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9088673/Poppy-Delevingne-is-Marc-Jacobs-latest-muse-for-Louis-Vuitton.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 4 January 2014 . ^ a b Herrmann, Joshi (29 November 2012). "The divine Delevingnes: Cara Delevingne's society family" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion/the-divine-delevingnes-cara-delevingnes-society-family-8367966.html) . Evening Standard . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131029090412/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion/the-divine-delevingnes-cara-delevingnes-society-family-8367966.html) from the original on 29 October 2013 . Retrieved 16 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Burke_9-0) Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's peerage, baronetage & knightage, clan chiefs, Scottish feudal barons (107th ed.). Wilmington: Burke's Peerage & Gentry. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9711966-2-9 . Search website for "Delevingne" for snippet view. ^ a b c d Kilcooley-O'Halloran, Scarlett (23 October 2012). "Style File – Poppy Delevingne" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/celebrity-photos/2012/10/18/style-file---poppy-delevingne) . Vogue . Retrieved 4 January 2014 . ^ a b c d Milligan, Lauren (15 February 2012). "Poppy Delevingne for Louis Vuitton Pre – Marc Jacobs" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/02/15/poppy-delevingne-for-louis-vuitton-pre---marc-jacobs) . Vogue . Retrieved 4 January 2014 . ^ a b Niven, Lisa (30 April 2012). "When Poppy Met Sienna" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2012/04/30/poppy-delevingne-on-sienna-miller-and-cara-delevingne) . Vogue . Retrieved 4 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Slater, Sasha (12 January 2015). "In full bloom: Interview with Poppy Delevingne" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170831003620/http://www.townandcountrymag.co.uk/society/people/poppy-delevingne-interview-town-and-country-cover-star-winter-2014) . Town&Country . Archived from the original (http://www.townandcountrymag.co.uk/society/people/poppy-delevingne-interview-town-and-country-cover-star-winter-2014) on 31 August 2017 . Retrieved 4 January 2014 . ^ a b Bergin, Olivia (9 October 2012). "Poppy Delevingne engaged following a very bespoke proposal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131029222051/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG9596229/Poppy-Delevingne-engaged-following-a-very-bespoke-proposal.html) . The Telegraph . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/olivia-bergin/TMG9596229/Poppy-Delevingne-engaged-following-a-very-bespoke-proposal.html) on 29 October 2013 . Retrieved 4 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Gicas, Peter (16 May 2014). "Inside Poppy Delevingne's Wedding: Sister Cara Delevingne Serves as Maid of Honor at Star-Studded Ceremony—See the Pics!" (http://www.eonline.com/news/542652/inside-poppy-delevingne-s-wedding-sister-cara-delevingne-serves-as-maid-of-honor-at-star-studded-ceremony-see-the-pics) . E! Online (/wiki/E!_Online) . Retrieved 24 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Prince William's godson pictured holding hands with supermodel Poppy Delevingne" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/20230218164711/prince-william-godson-holding-hands-poppy-delevingne/) . Hello! (/wiki/Hello!_(magazine)) . 18 February 2023 . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece shares romantic sun-kissed photo of Poppy Delevingne" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/20230315166904/prince-constantine-alexios-greece-sun-kissed-photo-poppy-delevingne/) . Hello! (/wiki/Hello!_(magazine)) . 15 March 2023 . Retrieved 24 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Who is Poppy Delevingne? Meet Cara's Older Sister" (https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/who-is-poppy-delevingne-meet-caras-older-sister/) . Life & Style (/wiki/Life_%26_Style_(magazine)) . 6 May 2019 . Retrieved 6 May 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Meet Poppy Delevingne - Jo Malone London" (https://www.jomalone.com.au/jo-malone-london-girl-meet-poppy-delevingne) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) McNary, Dave (4 August 2017). "Jonathan Rhys Meyers Joins Vanessa Redgrave in Period Drama 'The Aspern Papers' (https://www.variety.com/2017/film/news/jonathan-rhys-meyers-vanessa-redgrave-aspern-papers-1202516096/) " (https://www.variety.com/2017/film/news/jonathan-rhys-meyers-vanessa-redgrave-aspern-papers-1202516096/) . Variety . Retrieved 25 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Lang, Brent (3 May 2023). "Poppy Delevingne Starring in Rohit Karn Batra's Drama 'The Gun on Second Street' (EXCLUSIVE)" (https://variety.com/2023/film/news/poppy-delevingne-rohit-karn-batra-drama-gun-on-second-street-1235602170/) . Variety . Retrieved 29 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Maroon 5 – Sunday Morning (Official Music Video)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2Cti12XBw4&t=0s&list=PLIXR_3Q6owLZ09ZTaEJe3ZdX3A8eROO2v&index=15) . Retrieved 11 November 2018 – via YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Poppy Delevingne and Karen Elson sing in a Jo Malone music video" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/beauty/fragrance/a12836253/poppy-delevingne-and-karen-elson-sing-in-a-jo-malone-music-video/) . Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . 12 October 2017 . Retrieved 20 February 2020 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Poppy Delevingne (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Poppy_Delevingne) . Poppy Delevingne (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/poppy_delevingne/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Poppy Delevingne (https://models.com/models/poppy-delevingne) on Models.com Poppy Delevingne (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3518672/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/9046154387402430970003) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp9v98WD4PqhqpjKpyjmd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1172521441) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐c85b9bc65‐hd4m8 Cached time: 20240721184517 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.579 seconds Real time usage: 0.696 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4129/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 87215/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6552/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 97247/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.384/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11009296/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 639.132 1 -total 40.25% 257.226 1 Template:Infobox_model 29.49% 188.503 1 Template:Reflist 13.55% 86.627 5 Template:Cite_web 9.99% 63.877 14 Template:Cite_news 8.59% 54.873 1 Template:Authority_control 7.85% 50.142 1 Template:Short_description 7.82% 49.967 1 Template:Marriage 6.03% 38.566 1 Template:Infobox 5.86% 37.463 1 Template:Hlist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35242539-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721184517 and revision id 1235885130. 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Fashion industry event in Paris, France Paris Fashion Week Magdalena Frackowiak (/wiki/Magdalena_Frackowiak) in Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) at Paris Fashion Week F/W 2011 Genre Clothing and fashion exhibitions Date(s) spring and fall Frequency semi annual Location(s) Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Inaugurated October 1–9, 1973 Organised by Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode) Website Official website (https://fhcm.paris/en/) Paris Fashion Week ( French (/wiki/French_language) : Semaine de la mode de Paris ) is a series of designer presentations held semi-annually in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) , with spring/summer and autumn/winter events held each year. Dates are determined by the Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode) . Paris Fashion Week is held at venues throughout the city. [1] (#cite_note-1) In addition to ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) shows, there are men's and haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) shows; these are held semiannually for the spring/summer and autumn/winter seasons. [2] (#cite_note-2) The haute couture collections are always presented and exhibited before the ready-to-wear collections, with there being a total of a little over 100 collections each season. [3] (#cite_note-3) Also, every year, famous brands like Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , and Céline (/wiki/Celine_(brand)) host their shows in historical places such as the Carrousel du Louvre (/wiki/Carrousel_du_Louvre) and the Grand Palais (/wiki/Grand_Palais) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) It is one of the "Big Five" global fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) of which it forms a part alongside Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , and Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo_Fashion_Week) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-RCA-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Paris Fashion Week criteria [ edit ] In order to participate, the houses must fulfill the criteria that are set in place by the Chamber of Haute Couture. One criterion involves a requirement of 35 looks per year that need to include day and evening wear. Only a few houses are able to fulfill this requirement; therefore, this leaves few to participate in Haute Couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fashion shows. [9] (#cite_note-9) Since there are only a few spots left for those to participate, there are the well-known high-end fashion brands like Chanel and Alexander Mcqueen, but also the lesser-known ones like Maxime Simöens and Eymele Burgaud. [10] (#cite_note-10) The Big 4 [ edit ] Paris Fashion Week is part of the global "Big 4" fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) , the others being London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) and New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) The schedule begins with New York, followed by London, and then Milan and ends in Paris. New York was the first city to hold a "fashion week". [13] (#cite_note-13) Origins [ edit ] Although the first fashion week was held in New York, the event itself derives from "salon shows" ("défilés de mode" in French, literally "fashion parades") in Paris couture salons. [14] (#cite_note-14) A fashion week consists of a week of organized events of multiple designer's collections. Before this organized event was recognized in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , fashion showings were being held in Paris as early as the 1700s. Some earlier showings were presented on mannequins which made it difficult for clients to see fashion pieces fully since the mannequin didn't have the same mobility a model did. These early showings were only to clients purchasing items and were shown on mannequins. [15] (#cite_note-15) In the 1800s, showings began to change. Charles Frederick Worth (/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth) , noted for haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , began showing multiple pieces together and of a higher design. These designs were showcased to get the customer's attention in buying the pieces. Jeanne Paquin (/wiki/Jeanne_Paquin) is the first designer to make her showings public and Paul Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) is the first to host parties after his events. [16] (#cite_note-Guide-16) In the mid 1800s, Mme Pauline von Metternich (/wiki/Pauline_von_Metternich) , [17] (#cite_note-17) an Austrian Princess and wife to the Ambassador of Paris, saw one of Worth's sketches and employed him to make her a gown. He gained much recognition through his powerful clients and opened his own haute couture house in Paris in 1858, which sold luxury fashion to upper-class women. Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture [ edit ] In 1868 the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture (/wiki/Chambre_Syndicale_de_la_Haute_Couture) was created to set the specifications to determine what constituted a 'couture house'. [18] (#cite_note-History-18) The group decided that to be defined a piece of haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) the clothing must have been; custom-made to fit the wearer, hand-sewn by multiple skilled artisans in the separate fields of embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) , stitching, and beading, and only the most high quality of materials may be used. [18] (#cite_note-History-18) L’Association de Protection des Industries Artistiques Saisonnières [ edit ] In 1921, fifty-three years after the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture (/wiki/Chambre_Syndicale_de_la_Haute_Couture) was created, the French press created L’Association de Protection des Industries Artistiques Saisonnieres, [19] (#cite_note-19) or PAIS to protect couture designs from being copied. [18] (#cite_note-History-18) To ensure the copyright of the designers, their creations were photographed on a model or mannequin from the front, back, and sides to catalog the design. The first Paris Fashion Week [ edit ] In 1945 the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture established another set of rules to regulate and determine Haute Couture houses. [20] (#cite_note-Bazaar-20) In order to meet the criteria, the house had to ensure they followed the updated rules with one of them being that in each season, a couture house must present a collection of at least 35 runs with both daytime and evening wear to the Paris press. [20] (#cite_note-Bazaar-20) Others included having at least 20 members on staff, and that every design must include fittings and be made-to-order for the clientele. [20] (#cite_note-Bazaar-20) The following biannual events of Haute Couture houses in accordance with the new guidelines set by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture have been seen as the first pair of fashion weeks in Paris. First fashion week under the Fédération Française de la Couture [ edit ] The first recognized Paris Fashion Week was held in October 1973 and organized Haute Couture, Ready-to-Wear, and Men's Fashion into one grouped showing by the Fédération Française de la Couture (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_Couture) . [21] (#cite_note-21) The event was a fundraiser held at the Palace of Versailles (/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles) to restore the palace. The amount aimed to reach to repair the palace was estimated at US$60 million which converts to 53,026,956 Euros. [22] (#cite_note-HighSnob-22) The fundraiser was started because the French government had stated they could not handle the cost of the renovations. It was overseen by the founder of New York Press Week, now known as New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , Eleanor Lambert (/wiki/Eleanor_Lambert) , in accordance with, the at the time Versailles curator, Gérald Van der Kemp. [16] (#cite_note-Guide-16) The restorations and renovations included Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) 's dressing room, Louis XV (/wiki/Louis_XV) 's children's play room, and a staircase which began construction in 1722 but was never finished. [22] (#cite_note-HighSnob-22) Both American and Parisian designers attended the event including; Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) , Bill Blass (/wiki/Bill_Blass) , Stephen Burrows (/wiki/Stephen_Burrows_(designer)) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Hubert de Givenchy (/wiki/Hubert_de_Givenchy) , and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) . [22] (#cite_note-HighSnob-22) The French designers each held their own showing set to various themes whose pieces included; a rocket ship, pumpkin coach and a rhinoceros pulling a gypsy caravan. The American designers, due to errors in measurement conversion, collectively held one showing under the common theme of Paris using both white and African-American models. [22] (#cite_note-HighSnob-22) The American designers' use of diversity in models marked the event as the first time African-American models had walked a French runway. [22] (#cite_note-HighSnob-22) The event gained much publicity because of the designers involved and is given the nickname " The Battle of Versailles (/wiki/The_Battle_of_Versailles_Fashion_Show) " because of its location and the tension between the American and Parisian designers during the run of the show. [22] (#cite_note-HighSnob-22) Rules of Paris Fashion Show [ edit ] Size-zero ban [ edit ] According to French law Fashion Week does not allow models of a body mass index size zero to attend. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) The purpose of this ban is to deter models from trying to attain an unhealthy beauty standard and in turn promoting it to the public. Nutritionist and dietetics warn individuals about this dangerous fashion trend as it creates a higher increase of eating disorders in younger individuals, ranging from 14-18 years old. [25] (#cite_note-25) However, the term "size-zero" was not created by Fashion Week, but those in the Hollywood film industry in the 1990s. Most seeking to get into the fashion world confuse the size 0 law as a law that does not allow models in a size 0 to walk in shows. [ citation needed ] Age limits [ edit ] Paris Fashion Week prohibits models under 18 years of age. After steps taken by luxury brands like LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) and Kering (/wiki/Kering) , it is stated that "No model under 16 years will be recruited to take part in fashion shows or photographic sessions representing adults." [26] (#cite_note-26) See also [ edit ] Fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "A Brief History Of Paris Fashion Week" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/article/history-of-paris-fashion-week) . British Vogue . 2019-09-23 . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161113182639/http://www.modeaparis.com/en/fashion-shows/Schedules) . Archived from the original (http://www.modeaparis.com/en/fashion-shows/Schedules/) on 2016-11-13 . Retrieved 2016-11-21 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-3) “Paris Fashion Week.” FashionUnited, fashionunited.com/landing/paris-fashion-week. Accessed 02 Nov. 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Exposito, Adrian Gomis (2022-01-24). "Kenzo FW22 Front Row Vanity Teen 虚荣青年 Lifestyle & New Faces Magazine" (https://www.vanityteen.com/kenzo-fw22-front-row-fw22/) . www.vanityteen.com . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Paris Fashion Week" (https://rove.me/to/paris/paris-fashion-week) . 31 October 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Santosa, Olly G. "5 of the Most Famous Fashion Events in the World" (https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/5-of-the-most-famous-fashion-events-in-the-world) . Tatler Asia (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2023-12-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-RCA_7-0) "Fashioning the City: Exploring Fashion Cultures, Structures and Systems" (http://fashioningthecity.wordpress.com/call-for-papers/) . Royal College of Art. 27 January 2012 . Retrieved 2 May 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Fashion Week: le quattro settimane della moda nel mondo" (https://www.lifeandpeople.it/2017/08/03/fashion-week-nel-mondo/) (in Italian) . Retrieved 28 December 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Paris Fashion Week" (https://fashionunited.com/landing/paris-fashion-week) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 2023-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Everything you need to know about haute couture" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/haute-couture-red-carpet/index.html) . CNN Style . Retrieved 2023-11-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bradford, Julie (2014). Fashion Journalism . Routledge. p. 129. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781136475368 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dillon, Susan (2011). The Fundamentals of Fashion Management . A&C Black. p. 115. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9782940411580 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Fortini, Amanda (8 February 2006). "How the Runway Took off" (https://slate.com/culture/2006/02/a-brief-history-of-the-fashion-show.html) . Slate . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Celebrating Style: The History of Fashion Week" (http://www.marieclaire.com/fashion/a10274/history-of-fashion-week/) . 15 August 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Di Boscio, Chere. "Timeline: The History of Haute Couture." Eluxe Magazine. N.p., 31 January 2015. Web. 5 February 2016. ^ Jump up to: a b McConnell, Molli. "Paris Fashion Week: A Guide To The Iconic Event." The Culture Trip. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 January 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "PRINCESS PAULINE VON METTERNICH" (https://www.acuriousinvitation.com/pauline.html) . www.acuriousinvitation.com . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Di Boscio, Chere. "Timeline: The History of Haute Couture." The federation is organized of three chambres. The Chambre Syndicale de la Mode Feminine, the Chambre Syndicale de la Mode Masculine, and the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. These chambers aid in the organization of the Federation which in turn, aids in the Paris Fashion Week. Eluxe Magazine. 31 January 2015. Web. 5 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Haute Couture \| Encyclopedia.com" (https://www.encyclopedia.com/fashion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/haute-couture) . www.encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2020-09-10 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Bazaar UK, Harper's BAZAAR. "The History of Haute Couture." Harper's BAZAAR. N.p., 10 July 2014. Web. 1 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "History of Fashion Week" (https://fashionweekonline.com/history-of-fashion-week) . Fashion Week Online® . Retrieved 2023-11-03 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Banks, Alec. "Paris Fashion Week History." Highsnobiety. N.p., 2 July 2015. Web. 29 January 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Size 0 Models Were Just Banned from Paris Fashion Week: Details" (https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/size-zero-models-banned-at-paris-fashion-week-w501466/) . Us Weekly . 2017-09-06 . Retrieved 2019-04-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Size-zero ban hits Paris catwalks, campaigners hopeful" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-fashion-paris-models-idUSKCN1C720G) . Reuters . 2017-10-03 . Retrieved 2019-04-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Size zero, a dangerous fashion". CE Noticias Financieras . 17 January 2023. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 2766845546 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/2766845546) . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Willsher, Kim (2017-09-06). "French fashion firms pledge to stop using underage and size zero models" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2017/sep/06/french-fashion-giants-pledge-to-stop-using-underage-and-size-zero-models) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2019-04-24 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paris Fashion Week (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paris_Fashion_Week) . 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Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed powder is a powder of the ground seeds of the jojoba, Simmondsia chenensis . Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed powder is commonly used in cosmetic (/wiki/Cosmetics) formulations. References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] International Jojoba Export Council (https://web.archive.org/web/20060720174526/http://ijec.net/ijec_glossary.html) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simmondsia_chinensis_(jojoba)_seed_powder&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐625th Cached time: 20240713181306 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.100 seconds Real time usage: 0.183 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 115/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3307/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 105/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5028/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.063/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 851390/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 110.667 1 -total 74.39% 82.320 1 Template:Fashion-stub 72.17% 79.869 1 Template:Asbox 25.52% 28.246 1 Template:Reflist 1.88% 2.078 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:4816420-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713181306 and revision id 1017666565. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simmondsia_chinensis_(jojoba)_seed_powder&oldid=1017666565 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simmondsia_chinensis_(jojoba)_seed_powder&oldid=1017666565) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cosmetics chemicals (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_chemicals) Powders (/wiki/Category:Powders) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden category: All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
(Redirected from Workin' It! RuPaul's Guide to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Style (/w/index.php?title=Workin%27_It!_RuPaul%27s_Guide_to_Life,_Liberty,_and_the_Pursuit_of_Style&redirect=no) ) American drag queen, actor and musician RuPaul RuPaul at the 2019 California Hall of Fame Ceremony in Sacramento, California Born RuPaul Andre Charles ( 1960-11-17 ) November 17, 1960 (age 63) San Diego, California (/wiki/San_Diego,_California) , U.S. Occupations Drag queen television personality actor singer producer writer Years active 1982–present Television The RuPaul Show (/wiki/The_RuPaul_Show) RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) Gay for Play Game Show Starring RuPaul (/wiki/Gay_for_Play_Game_Show_Starring_RuPaul) Good Work (/wiki/Good_Work_(talk_show)) Skin Wars (/wiki/Skin_Wars) AJ and the Queen (/wiki/AJ_and_the_Queen) RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul_(talk_show)) Spouse Georges LeBar ( m. 2017) Relatives Cory Booker (/wiki/Cory_Booker) (cousin) Awards Full list (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_RuPaul) Musical career Genres Pop dance disco house (/wiki/Disco_house) R&B (/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B) Labels Funtone Every Tommy Boy (/wiki/Tommy_Boy_Records) Rhino (/wiki/Rhino_Entertainment) RuCo World of Wonder (/wiki/World_of_Wonder_(production_company)) Musical artist Website rupaul (http://rupaul.com) .com (http://rupaul.com) RuPaul Andre Charles [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) (born November 17, 1960) is an American drag queen (/wiki/Drag_queen) , television personality, actor, singer, producer, and writer. He [a] (#cite_note-5) produces, hosts, and judges the reality competition series RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) and has received several accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_RuPaul) , including 14 Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards) , three GLAAD Media Awards (/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Awards) , a Critics' Choice Television Award (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Television_Award) , two Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Awards) , and a Tony Award (/wiki/Tony_Award) . He has been dubbed the "Queen of Drag" and is considered the most commercially successful drag queen in the United States, with Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) saying that he is "easily the world's most famous drag queen." [5] (#cite_note-klein1-6) In 2017, RuPaul was included in the annual Time 100 (/wiki/Time_100) list of the most influential people in the world. [6] (#cite_note-7) [7] (#cite_note-8) Born and raised in San Diego, RuPaul later studied performing arts in Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , before relocating to New York City, where he became a popular fixture on the LGBT nightclub scene (/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City) . He achieved international fame as a drag queen with the release of his debut single, " Supermodel (You Better Work) (/wiki/Supermodel_(You_Better_Work)) ", which was included on his debut studio album Supermodel of the World (/wiki/Supermodel_of_the_World) (1993). RuPaul was a spokesperson for MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) in 1994, raising money for the Mac AIDS Fund (/wiki/Mac_AIDS_Fund) and becoming the first drag queen to land a major cosmetics campaign. He later received his own television talk show on VH1 (/wiki/VH1) titled The RuPaul Show (/wiki/The_RuPaul_Show) (1996–1998), while co-hosting the morning radio show on WKTU (/wiki/WKTU) with Michelle Visage (/wiki/Michelle_Visage) . RuPaul's Drag Race was created in 2009 and has gone on to produce sixteen seasons in the United States. The show has also seen success internationally. There are several international variants of the show, including RuPaul's Drag Race UK (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK) (2019–present) and Canada's Drag Race (/wiki/Canada%27s_Drag_Race) (2020–present). This has also inspired several spin-offs of the main show, including RuPaul's Drag U (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_U) (2010–2012), RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars) , (2012–present), and RuPaul's Secret Celebrity Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Secret_Celebrity_Drag_Race) (2020–2022). He has also featured as a host on other reality series, such as Skin Wars (/wiki/Skin_Wars) ( 2014–2016), Good Work (/wiki/Good_Work_(talk_show)) (2015), and Gay for Play Game Show Starring RuPaul (/wiki/Gay_for_Play_Game_Show_Starring_RuPaul) (2016–2017). In 2018, RuPaul received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) for his contributions to the television industry, making him the first drag queen to be given such an award. [8] (#cite_note-9) RuPaul has made appearances in films, including Crooklyn (/wiki/Crooklyn) (1994), The Brady Bunch Movie (/wiki/The_Brady_Bunch_Movie) (1995), To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (/wiki/To_Wong_Foo,_Thanks_for_Everything!_Julie_Newmar) (1995), and But I'm a Cheerleader (/wiki/But_I%27m_a_Cheerleader) (1999), as well as television series, including Girlboss (/wiki/Girlboss_(TV_series)) (2017), Broad City (/wiki/Broad_City) (2017), and Grace and Frankie (/wiki/Grace_and_Frankie) (2019). He created and starred in the Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) original series AJ and the Queen (/wiki/AJ_and_the_Queen) (2020). RuPaul has also published four books: Lettin' It All Hang Out (/wiki/Lettin%27_It_All_Hang_Out) (1995), Workin' It! RuPaul's Guide to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Style (/wiki/Workin%27_It!_RuPaul%27s_Guide_to_Life,_Liberty,_and_the_Pursuit_of_Style) (2010), GuRu (/wiki/GuRu) (2018), and The House of Hidden Meanings (2024). As a recording artist, he has released fifteen studio albums (/wiki/RuPaul_discography) . He received a Tony Award for Best Musical (/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical) as a producer for the musical A Strange Loop (/wiki/A_Strange_Loop) (2019). [9] (#cite_note-tony-10) Early life RuPaul speaking about growing up in California and how it influenced his work ethic at the 2019 California Hall of Fame (/wiki/California_Hall_of_Fame) induction ceremony RuPaul was born in San Diego on November 17, 1960, the son of Ernestine "Toni" (née Fontenette) and Irving Andrew Charles. His parents were both from Louisiana (/wiki/Louisiana) . [10] (#cite_note-glbtq-11) [11] (#cite_note-fdr1-12) He was named by his mother; "Ru" came from roux (/wiki/Roux) , the French term for the base of gumbo (/wiki/Gumbo) and other creole (/wiki/Creole_peoples) stews and soups. [12] (#cite_note-13) According to DNA analysis by Finding Your Roots (/wiki/Finding_Your_Roots) staff, his ancestry is 70% African and 30% European. [11] (#cite_note-fdr1-12) [13] (#cite_note-14) After his parents divorced in 1967, RuPaul and his three sisters lived with their mother, a Seventh-day Adventist (/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist) . [14] (#cite_note-15) [15] (#cite_note-16) He was raised in the Catholic (/wiki/Catholic) faith and attended Patrick Henry High School (/wiki/Patrick_Henry_High_School_(California)) . [16] (#cite_note-17) At 15, RuPaul and his sister Renetta moved to Atlanta, where they studied performing arts. [17] (#cite_note-18) RuPaul struggled as a musician and filmmaker during the 1980s, working at Atlanta's Plaza Theatre (/wiki/Plaza_Theatre_(Atlanta)) . In 1982, he debuted on an Atlanta public access (/wiki/Public-access_television) variety show called The American Music Show (/wiki/The_American_Music_Show) , and went on to appear on the show frequently. [4] (#cite_note-Autobiography-4) : 59 [18] (#cite_note-19) He also took part in underground cinema (/wiki/Underground_cinema) , helping create the low-budget film Star Booty (/wiki/RuPaul_Is:_Starbooty!) and an album of the same name. In Atlanta he often performed at the Celebrity Club, managed by Larry Tee (/wiki/Larry_Tee) , as a bar dancer or with his band, Wee Wee Pole. [19] (#cite_note-20) [20] (#cite_note-21) [21] (#cite_note-22) RuPaul also performed as a backup singer to Glen Meadmore (/wiki/Glen_Meadmore) along with drag queen Vaginal Davis (/wiki/Vaginal_Davis) . [22] (#cite_note-23) His first prominent national exposure came in 1989, when he danced as an extra (/wiki/Extra_(acting)) in the video for The B-52s (/wiki/The_B-52s) ' " Love Shack (/wiki/Love_Shack) ". [23] (#cite_note-24) In the early 1990s, RuPaul worked the Georgia club scene and was known by his full birth name. Initially participating in gender bender (/wiki/Gender_bender) -style performances, he performed solo and in collaboration with other bands at several New York City nightclubs, most notably the Pyramid Club (/wiki/Pyramid_Club_(New_York)) . [24] (#cite_note-25) He played opposite New York City drag performer Mona Foot (/wiki/Mona_Foot) (Nashom Benjamin) in the one-act science-fiction parody "My Pet Homo", written and directed by Jon Michael Johnson for Cooper Square Productions. He performed for many years at the annual Wigstock (/wiki/Wigstock) drag (/wiki/Drag_(clothing)) festival and appeared in the documentary Wigstock: The Movie (/wiki/Wigstock:_The_Movie) . In the 1990s, RuPaul was known in the UK for his appearances on the Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) series Manhattan Cable , a weekly series produced by World of Wonder (/wiki/World_of_Wonder_(production_company)) and presented by American Laurie Pike about New York's public-access television (/wiki/Public-access_television) system. He also worked at WKTU (/wiki/WKTU) in the late 1990s and was hired at WNEW (/wiki/WNEW-FM) in 2004. [25] (#cite_note-26) Career 1993–1997: Supermodel of the World , Foxy Lady , and Ho Ho Ho In 1993, RuPaul recorded the dance/ house (/wiki/House_music) album Supermodel of the World (/wiki/Supermodel_of_the_World) . It was released through the rap label Tommy Boy (/wiki/Tommy_Boy_Entertainment) , spawning the dance track hit " Supermodel (You Better Work) (/wiki/Supermodel_(You_Better_Work)) ". The song peaked at 45 on the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) . It charted on the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) , peaking on the top 40 at 39. The song found the most success on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play (/wiki/Hot_Dance_Music/Club_Play) chart, where it peaked at 2. Radio airplay, heavy rotation of the music video on MTV (/wiki/MTV) , and television appearances on popular programs like The Arsenio Hall Show (/wiki/The_Arsenio_Hall_Show) popularized the song. What other people think of me is not my business. What I do is what I do. How people see me doesn't change what I decide to do. I don't choose projects so people don't see me as one thing or another. I choose projects that excite me. I think the problem is that people refuse to understand what drag is outside of their own belief system. — RuPaul [26] (#cite_note-DS-27) His next two singles/videos, " Back to My Roots (/wiki/Back_to_My_Roots) " and " A Shade Shady (Now Prance) (/wiki/A_Shade_Shady_(Now_Prance)) ", both went to the top spot on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart and furthered his campy (/wiki/Campy) persona. His following release " House of Love (/wiki/House_of_Love_(RuPaul_song)) " failed to place on any U.S. charts but peaked at 68 on the UK Singles Chart (/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) . RuPaul was signed to a modeling contract for MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) . Various billboards featured him in full drag, often with the text "I am the MAC girl". He also released his autobiography, Lettin' It All Hang Out (/wiki/Lettin%27_It_All_Hang_Out) . He promoted the book in part with a 1995 guest appearance on ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) 's All My Children (/wiki/All_My_Children) , in a storyline that put it on the set of Erica Kane (/wiki/Erica_Kane) 's talk show "The Cutting Edge". The same year, he was featured in his first of two appearances in the Brady Bunch movies (/wiki/The_Brady_Bunch_Movie) , in which he played Jan's female guidance counselor. The next year he landed a talk show of his own on VH1 (/wiki/VH1) , called The RuPaul Show (/wiki/The_RuPaul_Show) interviewing celebrity guests and musical acts. Cher (/wiki/Cher) , Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) , Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) , Duran Duran (/wiki/Duran_Duran) , Pat Benatar (/wiki/Pat_Benatar) , Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) , Bea Arthur (/wiki/Bea_Arthur) , Dionne Warwick (/wiki/Dionne_Warwick) , Cyndi Lauper (/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper) , Olivia Newton-John (/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John) , Beenie Man (/wiki/Beenie_Man) , Pete Burns (/wiki/Pete_Burns) , Bow Wow Wow (/wiki/Bow_Wow_Wow) , and the Backstreet Boys (/wiki/Backstreet_Boys) were notable guests. His co-host was Michelle Visage (/wiki/Michelle_Visage) with whom he also co-hosted on WKTU (/wiki/WKTU) radio. On one episode, RuPaul featured guests Chi Chi LaRue (/wiki/Chi_Chi_LaRue) and Tom Chase (/wiki/Tom_Chase) speaking about the gay porn industry. Later in the year he released his second album, Foxy Lady (/wiki/Foxy_Lady_(RuPaul_album)) , this time on the L.A.-based Rhino Records (/wiki/Rhino_Records) label. The album failed to chart on the Billboard 200. However, its first single " Snapshot (/wiki/Snapshot_(RuPaul_song)) " went to number four on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play (/wiki/Hot_Dance_Music/Club_Play) chart. It also enjoyed limited mainstream success, charting at 95 on the Billboard Hot 100, which was his second and final solo Hot 100 entry to date. The album's second single " A Little Bit of Love (/wiki/A_Little_Bit_of_Love_(RuPaul_song)) " was not as successful, peaking at 28 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. During this time, RuPaul helped launch the return of WKTU radio in New York City and would serve as host of its morning show until 1998. In 1997, he released his third album, the Christmas-themed Ho Ho Ho (/wiki/Ho_Ho_Ho_(album)) . That year, RuPaul teamed with Martha Wash (/wiki/Martha_Wash) to remake the classic disco anthem, " It's Raining Men (/wiki/It%27s_Raining_Men) ". The song was included on the 1998 compilation CD RuPaul's Go Go Box Classics (/wiki/Rupaul%27s_Go-Go_Box_Classics) . During this time, he appeared in Webex (/wiki/Webex) TV commercials and magazine ads. In 2002, he was featured on the Eurodance (/wiki/Eurodance) track "You're No Lady" alongside Brigitte Nielsen (/wiki/Brigitte_Nielsen) . 2004–2007: Red Hot , ReWorked , and Starrbooty RuPaul in 2007 In 2004, RuPaul released his fourth album, Red Hot (/wiki/Red_Hot_(album)) on his own RuCo Inc. music label. It received dance radio and club play, but very little press coverage. On his blog he discussed how he felt betrayed by the entertainment industry, particularly the gay press (/wiki/Gay_press) . In one incident, it was noted that Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) refused to review the album, instead asking him to make a comedic contribution to a fashion article. He likened the experience to "a black person being invited to a party, but only if they'll serve." Despite his apparent dissatisfaction with the release, Red Hot' s lead single " Looking Good, Feeling Gorgeous (/wiki/Looking_Good,_Feeling_Gorgeous) " peaked at number two on the dance chart. The second, " WorkOut (/wiki/Workout_(RuPaul_song)) ", peaked at number five. The third and final single from the album "People Are People" a duet with Tom Trujillo, peaked at number 10. The album itself only charted on the Top Electronic Albums (/wiki/Top_Electronic_Albums) chart, where it hit number nine. [27] (#cite_note-28) RuPaul later noted, "Well, betrayed might be the wrong word. 'Betrayed' alludes to an idea that there was some kind of a promise made to me, and there never was. More so, I was disappointed. I don't feel like it was a betrayal. Nobody promises anything in show business and you understand that from day one. But, I don't know what happened. It seemed I couldn't get press on my album unless I was willing to play into the role that the mainstream press has assigned to gay people, which is as servants of straight ideals." [26] (#cite_note-DS-27) On June 13, 2006, RuPaul released ReWorked , his first remix (/wiki/Remix) album and fifth album overall. It features reworked versions of songs from his back catalog, as well as new recordings. The only single released from the album was a re-recording of "Supermodel (You Better Work)", which reached number 21 on the U.S. dance chart. June 20, 2007, saw the release of Starrbooty: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (/wiki/Starrbooty#Soundtrack) in the United States. The single "Call Me Starrbooty" was digitally released in 2007. The album contains new tracks as well as interludes with dialogue from the movie. The film was released on DVD in October 2007. 2008–2010: RuPaul's Drag Race and Champion RuPaul in 2009 In mid-2008, RuPaul began producing RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) , a reality television game show which aired on Logo (/wiki/Logo_(TV_channel)) in February 2009. On the program drag queens compete to be selected by RuPaul and a panel of judges as "America's next drag superstar". The first season's winner was BeBe Zahara Benet (/wiki/BeBe_Zahara_Benet) , and first runner-up Nina Flowers (/wiki/Nina_Flowers) was chosen by fans as "Miss Congeniality" through voting via the show's official website. To publicize the new show, RuPaul appeared on several other shows in 2008, including Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , as guest judge, and on Paula's Party (/wiki/Paula%27s_Party) as a guest "chef". [28] (#cite_note-29) [29] (#cite_note-30) In March 2009, RuPaul released the album Champion (/wiki/Champion_(RuPaul_album)) . The album spawned four singles " Cover Girl (/wiki/Cover_Girl_(RuPaul_song)) ", " Jealous of My Boogie (/wiki/Jealous_of_My_Boogie) ", "Devil Made Me Do It", and "Tranny Chaser". The album peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums (/wiki/Dance/Electronic_Albums) as well as 26 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers (/wiki/Top_Heatseekers) chart. Logo's second annual NewNowNext Awards (/wiki/NewNowNext_Awards) in 2009 were hosted by RuPaul. There he performed "Jealous of My Boogie (Gomi & RasJek Edit)". In March 2010, RuPaul released his second remix album, Drag Race , the album features remixes of songs from the 2009 album Champion . [30] (#cite_note-31) 2011–2013: Glamazon , make-up and perfume line In April 2011, coinciding with the finale of season 3 of RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) , RuPaul released his sixth studio album Glamazon (/wiki/Glamazon_(album)) , produced by Revolucian (/wiki/Revolucian) , who previously worked with RuPaul on his album Champion . The album charted on Billboard's Dance/Electronic Albums (/wiki/Dance/Electronic_Albums) and the Billboard Top Heatseekers (/wiki/Top_Heatseekers) chart at 11 and 8 respectively. In July 2011, he released another remix EP entitled SuperGlam DQ which features remixes of tracks from Glamazon , remixes of the " Drag U Theme Song", and a new song, "Sexy Drag Queen". The second season of RuPaul's Drag U (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_U) began in June 2011. In late 2011, promotions for season 4 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_4) of Drag Race began. RuPaul made appearances on The Rosie Show (/wiki/The_Rosie_Show) and The Chew (/wiki/The_Chew) , and also attended a Drag Race NY Premiere party at Patricia Field (/wiki/Patricia_Field) 's store in New York. Season 4 of RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) premiered on Logo (/wiki/Logo_(TV_channel)) on January 30, 2012, with RuPaul returning as the main host and judge. After season 4 ended TV.com (/wiki/TV.com) declared it was the best reality TV show on television. In the fall of 2012, the spin-off RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars_season_1) premiered after a large fan demand. The show featured past contestants of the previous four seasons to compete. Season 5 of RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) premiered on January 28, 2013, with a 90-minute special and RuPaul returning as the main host and judge. On April 30, 2013, he released a single "Lick It Lollipop" featuring Lady Bunny (/wiki/Lady_Bunny) , who RuPaul previously collaborated with on Champion . On October 25, 2013, he reported via Twitter that the new album would be released in January 2014. In fall of 2013, RuPaul joined forces with cosmetic manufacturers Colorevolution to launch his debut make-up line featuring ultra-rich pigment (/wiki/Pigment) cosmetics and a beauty collection. Released alongside the line was a unisex (/wiki/Unisex) perfume entitled " Glamazon (/wiki/Glamazon_by_Colorevolution) ". Talking to World of Wonder (/wiki/World_of_Wonder_(production_company)) he said: "Glamazon is for women and men of all ages and preferences who share one thing in common: They are not afraid to be fierce. For me, glamour should be accessible to all, and I am committed to helping the world look and smell more beautiful." The line was exclusively sold on the Colorevolution website in various gift sets. [31] (#cite_note-32) [32] (#cite_note-33) 2014: Born Naked , What's The Tee? , and Skin Wars RuPaul and Revolucian (/wiki/Revolucian) both confirmed through their Twitter and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) accounts that they had been working on an upcoming seventh studio album. Born Naked (/wiki/Born_Naked) was released on February 24, 2014, to coincide with the premiere of the 6th season of RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_6) . Prior to the premiere an album of RuPaul cover songs performed by the Season 6 cast was released on January 28, 2014. The covers album is titled RuPaul Presents The CoverGurlz (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_6#Soundtrack) and contains RuPaul songs from 2009 to 2013. To further promote the Drag Race season premiere, RuPaul, representing Logo TV (and parent company Viacom (/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%93present)) ) was chosen to ring the NASDAQ (/wiki/NASDAQ) closing bell on February 24, 2014. The week of its release, Born Naked reached number one on the iTunes (/wiki/ITunes) dance album chart. The following week it placed at number 4 on the US Billboard dance chart and 85 on the Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) chart. In a profile by The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) it was revealed that he is currently working on a porcelain statuette of his likeness. [33] (#cite_note-34) On April 9, 2014, RuPaul and Michelle Visage (/wiki/Michelle_Visage) released the first episode of their podcast, RuPaul: What's the Tee? with Michelle Visage (/wiki/RuPaul:_What%27s_The_Tee%3F) . In August, he joined the reality competition show Skin Wars (/wiki/Skin_Wars) acting as a judge. 2015: Realness , Good Work , and Slay Belles On March 2, 2015, RuPaul released his eighth studio album, Realness (/wiki/Realness) . The release coincided with the premiere of the seventh season of RuPaul's Drag Race . In April, he launched and began hosting a new show, Good Work (/wiki/Good_Work_(TV_series)) , a plastic surgery-themed talk show for E! (/wiki/E!) . In October he released his second Christmas album (/wiki/Christmas_album) , and ninth studio album, Slay Belles (/wiki/Slay_Belles) . The album contains ten original Christmas-themed songs and features collaborations with Michelle Visage (/wiki/Michelle_Visage) , Siedah Garrett (/wiki/Siedah_Garrett) , Todrick Hall (/wiki/Todrick_Hall) , and Big Freedia (/wiki/Big_Freedia) . The album charted at 21 on the US Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_Magazine) Dance (/wiki/Dance/Electronic_Albums) chart. [34] (#cite_note-billboard.com-35) 2016: Gay for Play , Butch Queen , All Stars 2 In January 2016, it was announced RuPaul would present a new game show for Logo TV (/wiki/Logo_TV) called Gay for Play Game Show Starring RuPaul (/wiki/Gay_for_Play_Game_Show_Starring_RuPaul) which premiered on April 11, 2016, after RuPaul's Drag Race . [35] (#cite_note-36) In February 2016, he announced his tenth album, Butch Queen (/wiki/Butch_Queen) . It was released in March 2016, just prior to the premiere of the eighth season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_8) of RuPaul's Drag Race . [36] (#cite_note-37) A song from the album, "U Wear It Well" was featured in the teaser campaigns for the season and was later officially released as the first single on iTunes in February 2016. The album charted at number 3 on the US Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_Magazine) Dance (/wiki/Dance/Electronic_Albums) chart, marking his highest position on this chart to date (2016?). [34] (#cite_note-billboard.com-35) "'Be Someone" featuring American singer Taylor Dayne (/wiki/Taylor_Dayne) was released as the album's second and final single. Additionally, Butch Queen: The Ru-Mixes (/wiki/Butch_Queen) was released. In July 2016, it was announced that RuPaul was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Host_for_a_Reality_or_Reality-Competition_Program) . He was presented the award at the September Creative Arts Emmy Awards Ceremony (/wiki/68th_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) . 2016 also saw the release of the single "Read U Wrote U" that features rap parts by the RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars 2 finalists Roxxxy Andrews (/wiki/Roxxxy_Andrews) , Katya Zamolodchikova (/wiki/Katya_Zamolodchikova) , Alaska Thunderfuck (/wiki/Alaska_Thunderfuck) , and Detox Icunt (/wiki/Detox_Icunt) with production by Ellis Miah (/wiki/Ellis_Miah) . [37] (#cite_note-miah-38) 2017–2018: Remember Me , American , return to VH1, and Essential, Vol. 2 On January 27, 2017, RuPaul announced that a new album would be released the week after. The album, named Remember Me: Essential, Vol. 1 (/wiki/Remember_Me:_Essential,_Vol._1) was put up for pre-order on February 2 and eventually released the next day. It is a collection of new songs and remakes of classic RuPaul hits that feature new artists. [38] (#cite_note-39) Two singles have been released from the album so far: "Rock It (To The Moon)" which is a new song loosely based on the lyrics and the melody of "Hey Booty" which was released on the Starrbooty soundtrack in 2007, and an updated version of RuPaul's 1996 hit single "Snapshot" from the album Foxy Lady . The album failed to chart on the Dance Albums Chart but managed to debut at number four on the Billboard Dance Albums Sales Chart in the United States. It also charted at number eleven on the UK Dance Albums Chart, becoming RuPaul's highest-charting album on that chart, after Realness managed to debut and peak at number 13. On March 24, 2017, RuPaul released his eleventh studio album, American (/wiki/American_(album)) . [39] (#cite_note-40) Later on the same day, the ninth regular season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_9) of RuPaul's Drag Race debuted on basic cable channel VH1, home of RuPaul's talk show in the 1990s. It moved from the expanded cable channel Logo TV which aired all previous seasons of the show. The season 9 premiere featured singer Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) as its guest judge and was a success, with ratings of nearly 1,000,000 viewers making it the series' most viewed episode. The number was double LogoTV's season 8 premiere ratings from the year prior, and triple VH1's usual Friday night viewership in that programming timeslot. [40] (#cite_note-41) World of Wonder Productions announced they were casting contestants for a tenth season when the ratings were released. [41] (#cite_note-42) On June 2, 2017, Essential, Vol. 2 (/wiki/Essential,_Vol._2) was put up on pre-order on iTunes. It was released on June 9 and preceded by the single "Crying on the Dance Floor" which is a re-recording of the 2010 single "Main Event" from the album Champion (/wiki/Champion_(RuPaul_album)) . On June 22, 2017, it was announced that RuPaul would receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) for his contributions to the television industry. [42] (#cite_note-43) He was awarded the honor on March 16, 2018, making him the first drag queen to be given the award. [43] (#cite_note-44) In August 2018, it was announced that RuPaul will be releasing his third Christmas album in October 2018. [44] (#cite_note-45) 2019–present: Drag Race UK , AJ and the Queen and further TV shows At RuPaul's DragCon LA (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_DragCon_LA) 2019 In June 2019, a daytime talk show titled RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul_(talk_show)) premiered. It was cancelled after a three-week test run, since it was not picked by any Fox (/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company) TV stations. [45] (#cite_note-46) [46] (#cite_note-hollywoodrep-47) He also appeared in Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) 's " You Need to Calm Down (/wiki/You_Need_to_Calm_Down) " music video. [47] (#cite_note-48) In late 2019, the first season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK_(series_1)) of RuPaul's Drag Race UK (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK) was released on BBC3 (/wiki/BBC3) . [48] (#cite_note-49) It was well-received, with The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) stating that the British version had "saved" the franchise. [49] (#cite_note-tg-ukrpdr-50) It was renewed for a second season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK_(series_2)) which was released in 2021. [50] (#cite_note-51) RuPaul also created and starred in the Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) drama-comedy show AJ and the Queen (/wiki/AJ_and_the_Queen) as a drag queen touring the country with an unlikely young sidekick, which was released on January 10, 2020. [51] (#cite_note-52) On March 6, 2020, Netflix announced that the series had been cancelled. [52] (#cite_note-53) Also in January 2020, it was announced that RuPaul would host Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) on February 8, 2020, with Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) as a musical guest. [53] (#cite_note-54) On May 4, 2020, it was announced that RuPaul would be on The Price Is Right at Night (/wiki/The_Price_Is_Right_(American_game_show)#CBS_primetime_specials_and_series) airing May 11. [54] (#cite_note-Ramos-55) He also made an appearance in the premiere episode of Canada's Drag Race (/wiki/Canada%27s_Drag_Race) . In August 2021, RuPaul guest hosted two episodes of the talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live! (/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!) ; he also interviewed RuPaul's Drag Race season 13 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_13) winner Symone (/wiki/Symone_(drag_queen)) on the program. [55] (#cite_note-56) He did voice work in Amphibia (/wiki/Amphibia_(TV_series)) portraying the FBI (/wiki/FBI) agent Mr. X. He has been hosting a revival of the game show Lingo (/wiki/Lingo_(American_game_show)) for CBS (/wiki/CBS) since 2023, [56] (#cite_note-57) as well as the celebrity version of the British version (/wiki/Lingo_(British_game_show)) of the show on ITV (/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)) . [57] (#cite_note-58) In 2022, he won the Tony Award for Best Musical (/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical) for serving as a producer on the Broadway musical A Strange Loop (/wiki/A_Strange_Loop) . [9] (#cite_note-tony-10) He also voices himself as the announcer on The Tiny Chef Show (/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Nickelodeon#Current_programming) . [58] (#cite_note-59) In 2023, it was announced that RuPaul would be releasing a memoir, House of Hidden Meanings , through publisher HarperCollins in 2024. [59] (#cite_note-60) Other ventures Podcasting The podcast (/wiki/Podcast) RuPaul: What's the Tee? With Michelle Visage (/wiki/RuPaul:_What%27s_the_Tee%3F) debuted on April 6, 2014. Ru-Paul co-hosts with longtime friend and fellow RuPaul's Drag Race judge Michelle Visage (/wiki/Michelle_Visage) . The weekly show features their thoughts on topics including behind-the-scenes of RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) , life advice, beauty tips, and conversations with featured guests from the entertainment world. [60] (#cite_note-61) [61] (#cite_note-62) Audiobooks In 2018, RuPaul was one of the actors who voiced the audiobook A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo (/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life_of_Marlon_Bundo) . [62] (#cite_note-Bundo_AV_Club-63) Drag conventions Launched through production company World of Wonder (/wiki/World_of_Wonder_(company)) , RuPaul's DragCon LA (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_DragCon_LA) is an annual drag-themed convention held in Los Angeles which started in 2015, followed by RuPaul's DragCon NYC (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_DragCon_NYC) . It began in 2007 in New York City; the public is able to meet with RuPaul, former RuPaul's Drag Race contestants, and other drag queens. [63] (#cite_note-laweekly-dragcon-2018-64) The conventions feature performances, meet-and-greet booths, merchandise sales and panel discussions. [64] (#cite_note-hobro-dragcon-2018-65) Activism RuPaul has been an active supporter of voter registration, producing a public service announcement supporting National Voter Registration Day (/wiki/National_Voter_Registration_Day) [65] (#cite_note-66) and urging everyone to register. [66] (#cite_note-67) As RuPaul said voter ID laws (/wiki/Voter_identification_laws_in_the_United_States) vary from state to state; the details of the voter ID required in each state are provided by HeadCount (/wiki/HeadCount) and VoteRiders (/wiki/VoteRiders) . As one in five LGBTQ adults are not registered to vote, voter registration efforts have expanded recently. Several stars from RuPaul's Drag Race act as Ambassadors for Drag Out the Vote. [67] (#cite_note-68) Main article: Tennessee Adult Entertainment Act (/wiki/Tennessee_Adult_Entertainment_Act) In March 2023, in response to the Tennessee Adult Entertainment Act, RuPaul, World of Wonder producers Randy Barbarto and Fenton Bailey, and MTV began a fund to fight anti-drag initiatives. [68] (#cite_note-69) [69] (#cite_note-70) [70] (#cite_note-71) The ACLU maintains the fund, [71] (#cite_note-72) which received donations from efforts at DragCon LA 2023, [72] (#cite_note-73) the "Drag Isn't Dangerous" livestream telethon, [73] (#cite_note-74) "Can't Hold us Down", [74] (#cite_note-75) "Born This Way", [75] (#cite_note-76) and "God Save the Queens", [76] (#cite_note-77) as well as a small donation from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets. [77] (#cite_note-78) The Instagram post RuPaul made prior to the establishment of the fund called on followers to vote, saying, "Register to vote so we can get those stunt queens out of office." The video ends with the statement, "By the way, a social media post has never been as powerful as a registered vote." [78] (#cite_note-79) Impact Lauren Herold of Mic.com deemed RuPaul "arguably the most commercially successful drag queen in America." [79] (#cite_note-:1-80) Sami Main of Adweek credited him with creating wider exposure for drag queens from LGBT culture (/wiki/LGBT_culture) into mainstream (/wiki/Mainstream_media) society, thanks to his early-career chart success, and later, the successive climb in viewership of RuPaul's Drag Race . [80] (#cite_note-81) His talk show The RuPaul Show was the first-ever national talk show to have a drag queen as a host. Along with his partner Michelle Visage, he welcomed an array of high-profile guests such as Cher (/wiki/Cher) , Lil Kim (/wiki/Lil_Kim) , and Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) over the show's 100-episode span. As well as having a variety of comedy skits (/wiki/Skits) , the show was noted for discussing topics such as black empowerment, female empowerment (/wiki/Female_empowerment) , misogyny (/wiki/Misogyny) , and liberal politics that were otherwise unheard of in 1990s television at the time. [81] (#cite_note-82) In 1999, RuPaul was awarded the Vito Russo Award (/wiki/Vito_Russo_Award) at the GLAAD Media Awards (/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Award) for work in promoting equality in the LGBT community (/wiki/LGBT_community) . RuPaul has also been noted as having a large part in RuPaul's Drag Race ' s continuous television success. By pioneering queer representation on television, many believe RuPaul to have essentially revolutionised the portrayal of the LGBTQ (/wiki/LGBTQ) + community on screen. [82] (#cite_note-83) He first won an Emmy (/wiki/Emmy) for his work on the show in 2016, and one year later the show garnered eight nominations, including Outstanding Reality-Competition Program (/wiki/Outstanding_Reality-Competition_Program) for the first time in its 11-season run, and a second consecutive win for RuPaul in the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Host_for_a_Reality_or_Reality-Competition_Program) . [83] (#cite_note-84) In 2017, he was included in the annual Time 100 (/wiki/Time_100) list of the most influential people in the world. [84] (#cite_note-time-85) In 2019, Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) noted RuPaul as "easily the world's most famous" drag queen. [5] (#cite_note-klein1-6) Relationship with transgender community RuPaul has been the subject of multiple controversies regarding his comments and actions towards the transgender community. According to Vox , he has a complicated relationship with this community, in part due to differing philosophies: through drag he seeks to mock gender and identity stereotypes, while in his view the trans community takes identity seriously. [85] (#cite_note-Vox-2018-86) Nevertheless, RuPaul's Drag Race has featured a number of contestants who are trans women (/wiki/Trans_women) , some of whom made their identity public while competing on the show, including Sonique (/wiki/Sonique_(drag_queen)) , Carmen Carrera (/wiki/Carmen_Carrera) , Jiggly Caliente (/wiki/Jiggly_Caliente) , Monica Beverly Hillz (/wiki/Monica_Beverly_Hillz) , Kenya Michaels (/wiki/Kenya_Michaels) , and Gia Gunn (/wiki/Gia_Gunn) . [86] (#cite_note-gia-trans-87) [87] (#cite_note-salandra-88) Later seasons of the show have included contestants who had already disclosed their trans identity prior to their season beginning. In 2017, Peppermint (/wiki/Peppermint_(entertainer)) became the first contestant to compete throughout her season as an openly trans woman and in 2021 Gottmik (/wiki/Gottmik) was the first to compete as an openly trans man (/wiki/Trans_man) . [88] (#cite_note-pep-gsn-2018-89) [89] (#cite_note-90) Other non-conforming gender (/wiki/Gender_variance) identities expressed by former contestants include both non-binary (/wiki/Non-binary) ( Jinkx Monsoon (/wiki/Jinkx_Monsoon) , Aja (/wiki/Aja_(entertainer)) , Valentina (/wiki/Valentina_(drag_queen)) , Divina de Campo (/wiki/Divina_de_Campo) , Ginny Lemon (/wiki/Ginny_Lemon) , Violet Chachki (/wiki/Violet_Chachki) , [90] (#cite_note-valentina-nb-91) and Sasha Velour (/wiki/Sasha_Velour) [91] (#cite_note-92) ) and genderfluid (/wiki/Genderfluid) ( Courtney Act (/wiki/Courtney_Act) [92] (#cite_note-93) and Kelly Mantle (/wiki/Kelly_Mantle) [93] (#cite_note-94) ) persons. In 2014, trans activists and former contestants Carmen Carrera and Monica Beverly Hillz criticized the show's use of words such as tranny (/wiki/Tranny) and shemale (/wiki/Shemale) , including the main challenge announcement phrase up to season 6, "You've got she-mail", which they described as transphobic (/wiki/Transphobic) . [94] (#cite_note-95) [95] (#cite_note-huffpo-ru-maron-96) That year's season (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_6) also included a "Female or She-male" segment that required contestants to guess whether various photographs featured cisgender (/wiki/Cisgender) "biological women" or "psychological women" (drag queens), causing further criticism. [96] (#cite_note-slate-2014-97) RuPaul and the producers issued a statement promising "to help spread love, acceptance and understanding" and Logo TV removed the "You've got she-mail" phrase from subsequent broadcasts, replacing it instead with the phrase "She done already done had herses." [97] (#cite_note-2014-april-response-98) RuPaul criticized those attempting to police his language in bad faith and noted that tranny referred to transvestites (/wiki/Transvestites) and drag queens, not just trans women. [98] (#cite_note-advocate-2014-ru-response-99) [99] (#cite_note-salon-2014-100) In 2018, RuPaul gave an interview to The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) in which he stated that a post- transition (/wiki/Gender_transitioning) trans woman would "probably not" be accepted onto the show, noting that at the time of competition Peppermint had not yet had breast implants (/wiki/Breast_implant) . [100] (#cite_note-101) After facing criticism on social media and from former contestants for his remarks, [101] (#cite_note-advocate-2014-2018-changes-102) RuPaul compared trans drag queens who had transitioned to athletes who had taken performance-enhancing drugs (/wiki/Performance-enhancing_drugs) . [102] (#cite_note-103) He subsequently expressed regret for the hurt caused by his remarks, and that the only screening criteria for contestants were "charisma, uniqueness, nerve, and talent." [103] (#cite_note-towle-2018-regret-104) Since he made these statements, multiple transgender contestants have competed on the show. Personal life RuPaul met painter Georges LeBar in 1994 at the Limelight (/wiki/The_Limelight) nightclub in New York City. [104] (#cite_note-105) They married in January 2017. [105] (#cite_note-106) They have an open marriage (/wiki/Open_marriage) ; RuPaul has said he would not want to "put restraints" on the person he loves. [106] (#cite_note-107) The two split their time between a home in Los Angeles and a 60,000-acre (24,000 ha) ranch in Wyoming (/wiki/Wyoming) . [107] (#cite_note-108) Environmentalists criticized them in 2020 after RuPaul revealed that they lease mineral rights and sell water to oil companies on their ranch, and allow fracking (/wiki/Fracking) there. [108] (#cite_note-109) [109] (#cite_note-110) [110] (#cite_note-111) According to public maps, the ranch has at least 35 active wells. [111] (#cite_note-112) RuPaul previously held a climate-themed ball (/wiki/The_Last_Ball_on_Earth) on his show to raise environmental awareness (/wiki/Environmental_awareness) , leading to accusations of hypocrisy. [112] (#cite_note-113) RuPaul publicly endorsed Democratic (/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)) nominee Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) in the 2016 U.S. presidential election (/wiki/2016_U.S._presidential_election) . [113] (#cite_note-114) He expressed dismay at Clinton's defeat by Republican (/wiki/Republican_Party_(US)) nominee Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) , saying, "The America that we have all fought so hard for, the narrative of love and peace and liberty and equality, it feels like it is dead." [114] (#cite_note-115) He has described doing drag as a "very, very political" act because it "challenges the status quo " by rejecting fixed identities: "Drag says 'I'm a shapeshifter, I do whatever the hell I want at any given time'." [115] (#cite_note-116) RuPaul started smoking cannabis (/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)) at age 10 or 11. [116] (#cite_note-117) [117] (#cite_note-118) [118] (#cite_note-119) Since 1999, he has been sober and has not had alcohol, drugs, or tobacco. In 2020, he found out while appearing on the TV show Finding Your Roots (/wiki/Finding_Your_Roots) that he and New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) Senator Cory Booker (/wiki/Cory_Booker) are cousins. [119] (#cite_note-120) In a 2013 interview, RuPaul said, "I'm not religious, but I do have spiritual practices like yoga and meditation and I do pray." [120] (#cite_note-121) Discography Main article: RuPaul discography (/wiki/RuPaul_discography) Studio albums Supermodel of the World (/wiki/Supermodel_of_the_World) (1993) Foxy Lady (/wiki/Foxy_Lady_(RuPaul_album)) (1996) Ho Ho Ho (/wiki/Ho_Ho_Ho_(album)) (1997) Red Hot (/wiki/Red_Hot_(album)) (2004) Champion (/wiki/Champion_(RuPaul_album)) (2009) Glamazon (/wiki/Glamazon_(album)) (2011) Born Naked (/wiki/Born_Naked) (2014) Realness (/wiki/Realness) (2015) Slay Belles (/wiki/Slay_Belles) (2015) Butch Queen (/wiki/Butch_Queen) (2016) American (/wiki/American_(album)) (2017) Christmas Party (/wiki/Christmas_Party_(RuPaul_album)) (2018) You're a Winner, Baby (/wiki/You%27re_a_Winner,_Baby) (2020) Mamaru (/wiki/Mamaru_(album)) (2022) Black Butta (/wiki/Black_Butta) (2023) Essential Christmas (/wiki/Essential_Christmas) (2023) Filmography Film Year Title Role 1987 RuPaul Is: Starbooty! (/wiki/RuPaul_Is:_Starbooty!) Starbooty 1994 Crooklyn (/wiki/Crooklyn) Connie 1995 The Brady Bunch Movie (/wiki/The_Brady_Bunch_Movie) Mrs. Cummings Wigstock: The Movie (/wiki/Wigstock:_The_Movie) Himself Blue in the Face (/wiki/Blue_in_the_Face) Dancer To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (/wiki/To_Wong_Foo,_Thanks_for_Everything!_Julie_Newmar) Rachel Tensions Red Ribbon Blues (/wiki/Red_Ribbon_Blues) Duke A Mother's Prayer (/wiki/A_Mother%27s_Prayer) Deacon "Dede" 1996 Fled (/wiki/Fled) Himself A Very Brady Sequel (/wiki/A_Very_Brady_Sequel) Mrs. Cummings 1998 An Unexpected Life Charles 1999 EDtv (/wiki/EDtv) RuPaul But I'm a Cheerleader (/wiki/But_I%27m_a_Cheerleader) Mike 2000 The Eyes of Tammy Faye (/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Tammy_Faye_(2000_film)) Narrator The Truth About Jane (/wiki/The_Truth_About_Jane) Jimmy For the Love of May Jimbo 2001 Who is Cletis Tout? (/wiki/Who_is_Cletis_Tout%3F) Ginger Markum 2005 Dangerous Liaisons (/wiki/Dangerous_Liaisons_(2005_film)) Himself 2006 Zombie Prom: The Movie Delilah Strict 2007 Starrbooty (/wiki/Starrbooty) Starrbooty/Cupcake 2008 Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild (/wiki/Another_Gay_Sequel:_Gays_Gone_Wild) Tyrell Tyrelle 2016 Hurricane Bianca (/wiki/Hurricane_Bianca) [121] (#cite_note-122) Weather Man 2018 Show Dogs (/wiki/Show_Dogs) Persephone (voice) 2019 Someone Great (/wiki/Someone_Great_(film)) Hype Trixie Mattel: Moving Parts (/wiki/Trixie_Mattel:_Moving_Parts) Himself 2021 The Bitch Who Stole Christmas (/wiki/The_Bitch_Who_Stole_Christmas) Hannah Contour 2022 Zombies 3 (/wiki/Zombies_3) [122] (#cite_note-123) The Mothership (voice) 2023 Nimona (/wiki/Nimona_(film)) Nate Knight (voice) Trolls Band Together (/wiki/Trolls_Band_Together) Miss Maxine (voice) TBA Hitpig (/w/index.php?title=Hitpig&action=edit&redlink=1) [123] (#cite_note-Deadline-124) (voice) Short films Year Title Role 1983 The Blue Boy Terror Wild Thing Terror II 1984 Terror 3D 1986 Mahogany II Psycho Bitch American Porn Star 1987 Voyeur Police Lady 1989 Cupcake Vampire Hustlers Beauty 1997 Shantay Shantay 1999 Rick and Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World Daryl.com 2004 Skin Walker 2006 Zombie Prom (/wiki/Zombie_Prom#Zombie_Prom_(2006_Short_Film)) Delilah Strict 2008 How We Got Over 2019 Ru's Angels [124] (#cite_note-125) Bos-Slay Television Year Title Role Notes 1988 The Gong Show (/wiki/The_Gong_Show) Himself (out of drag) 1993 Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) Himself (in drag) Guest star, episode: " Charles Barkley (/wiki/Charles_Barkley) / Nirvana (/wiki/Nirvana_(band)) " 1994 Sister, Sister (/wiki/Sister,_Sister_(TV_series)) Marje 1995 In the House (/wiki/In_the_House_(TV_series)) Kevin 1996–98 The RuPaul Show (/wiki/The_RuPaul_Show) Himself (in drag) Presenter, 100 episodes Nash Bridges (/wiki/Nash_Bridges) Simone Dubois 2 episodes 1998 Hercules (/wiki/Hercules_(1998_TV_series)) Rock Guardian Episode: "Hercules and the Girdle of Hyppolyte" Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (/wiki/Sabrina_the_Teenage_Witch_(1996_TV_series)) The Witch Judge / Hair Dresser Episode: "Sabrina's Choice" Walker, Texas Ranger (/wiki/Walker,_Texas_Ranger) Bob Episode: "Royal Heist" 2001 Popular (/wiki/Popular_(TV_series)) Sweet Honey Child Port Charles (/wiki/Port_Charles) Madame Alicia Weakest Link (/wiki/Weakest_Link_(U.S._game_show)) Himself (in drag) 2002 Son of the Beach (/wiki/Son_of_the_Beach) Heinous Anus credited as RuPaul Charles The Groovenians (/wiki/The_Groovenians) Champagne Courvoisier TV pilot 2006 Top Chef (/wiki/Top_Chef) : San Francisco [125] (#cite_note-126) as herself "Food of Love." On Bravo. (March 15, 2006). 2008 Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Himself (in drag) Guest judge, Season 5, episode 6 2009 Rick & Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World (/wiki/Rick_%26_Steve:_The_Happiest_Gay_Couple_in_All_the_World) Tyler 2009–present RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) Himself (in and out of drag) Host and judge 2010 Ugly Betty (/wiki/Ugly_Betty) Rudolph Episode: "Chica and the Man" 2010–12 RuPaul's Drag U (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_U) Himself (out of drag) Host, judge and producer 2012–present RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars) Himself (in and out of drag) Host and judge 2013 Happy Endings (/wiki/Happy_Endings_(TV_series)) Krisjahn Episode: "The Incident" Life With La Toya (/wiki/Life_With_La_Toya) Himself (out of drag) Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular (/wiki/Lady_Gaga_and_the_Muppets_Holiday_Spectacular) Himself (in drag) Guest performer: "Fashion!" alongside Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) 2014 The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(U.S._TV_series)#Season_2) Himself (out of drag) Guest judge [126] (#cite_note-127) Mystery Girls (/wiki/Mystery_Girls) Emillo Guest star, episode: "Bag Ladies" The Comeback (/wiki/The_Comeback_(TV_series)) Himself (out of drag) Guest star, episode: "Valerie Films A Pilot" 2014–16 Skin Wars (/wiki/Skin_Wars) Himself (out of drag) Judge 2015 Harvey Beaks (/wiki/Harvey_Beaks) Jackie Slitherstein Guest star, episode: "Harvey's Favorite Book" Good Work (/wiki/Good_Work_(TV_series)) Host Bubble Guppies (/wiki/Bubble_Guppies) Drag Snail/Costume Boxing Judge Guest star, episode: "Costume Boxing" 2016 The Muppets (/wiki/The_Muppets_(TV_series)) Himself (out of drag) Episode: "Got Silk?" 2016–17 Gay for Play Game Show Starring RuPaul (/wiki/Gay_for_Play_Game_Show_Starring_RuPaul) Host 2016 The Real O'Neals (/wiki/The_Real_O%27Neals) Himself (out of drag) Episode: "The Real Thang" 2017 2 Broke Girls (/wiki/2_Broke_Girls) Himself (out of drag) Episode: "And the Riverboat Runs Through It" Animals. (/wiki/Animals.) Dr. Labcoat (out of drag) Episode: "Humans" Girlboss (/wiki/Girlboss_(TV_series)) Lionel Recurring role, 6 episodes Then and Now with Andy Cohen (/wiki/Then_and_Now_with_Andy_Cohen) Himself (out of drag) BoJack Horseman (/wiki/BoJack_Horseman) Queen Antonia Episode: "Underground" Broad City (/wiki/Broad_City) Marcel 3 episodes Adam Ruins Everything (/wiki/Adam_Ruins_Everything) Gil 2 episodes 2018 Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) Himself (out of drag) The Ellen DeGeneres Show (/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show) Himself (out of drag) Season 15, episode 120 The Simpsons (/wiki/The_Simpsons) Queen Chante (voice) Episode: " Werking Mom (/wiki/Werking_Mom) " 2019 The Bravest Knight (/wiki/The_Bravest_Knight) Stanley the Big Bad Wolf (in drag) Two episodes [127] (#cite_note-gallops-128) The World's Best (/wiki/The_World%27s_Best) Himself (out of drag) Judge Grace and Frankie (/wiki/Grace_and_Frankie) Benjamin Le Day Guest star [128] (#cite_note-auto-129) RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul_(talk_show)) Himself (out of drag) Host 2019–present RuPaul's Drag Race UK (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK) Himself Host and judge 2020 AJ and the Queen (/wiki/AJ_and_the_Queen) [129] (#cite_note-queen-130) Ruby Red Main role; co-creator and executive producer Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) Himself/host Episode: "RuPaul/ Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) " 2020–present RuPaul's Secret Celebrity Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Secret_Celebrity_Drag_Race) Himself (in and out of drag) Host and judge 2020 The Price Is Right at Night (/wiki/The_Price_Is_Right_(American_game_show)#CBS_primetime_specials_and_series) [54] (#cite_note-Ramos-55) Himself Guest 2020–present Canada's Drag Race (/wiki/Canada%27s_Drag_Race) Himself (in drag) Cameo (video message in every episode) 2020 Muppets Now (/wiki/Muppets_Now) Himself (out of drag) Episode: "Due Date" 2020–present Drag Race Holland (/wiki/Drag_Race_Holland) Himself (in drag) Cameo (video message) 2020 Earth to Ned (/wiki/Earth_to_Ned) Himself (out of drag) Guest; Episode: "You Better Work, Ned" 2021–present RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_Down_Under) Himself Host and judge [130] (#cite_note-131) 2021 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!) Himself (guest host) 2 episodes Chicago Party Aunt (/wiki/Chicago_Party_Aunt) Gideon (voice) 8 episodes Drag Race Italia (/wiki/Drag_Race_Italia) Himself (guest) Season 1 episode 6 2021–2022 Amphibia (/wiki/Amphibia_(TV_series)) Mr. X (voice) 4 episodes Painted with Raven (/wiki/Painted_with_Raven) Himself (guest judge) Episodes: "All That Sparkles", "Fairy Tale Ball" 2022 RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs the World (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race:_UK_vs_the_World) Herself (in and out of drag) Host and judge [131] (#cite_note-132) Drag Race Philippines (/wiki/Drag_Race_Philippines) Herself (in drag) Cameo (video message in every episode) Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (/wiki/Ant_%26_Dec%27s_Saturday_Night_Takeaway) Himself Star Guest Announcer (Series 18, Episode 1) The Late Late Show with James Corden (/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_with_James_Corden) Himself Guest Star (Season 7, Episode 1080) [132] (#cite_note-133) Celebrity Lingo Himself Host [133] (#cite_note-134) The Tiny Chef Show Announcer (voice) Main role Canada's Drag Race: Canada vs. the World (/wiki/Canada%27s_Drag_Race:_Canada_vs._the_World) Himself (in drag) Cameo (video message in every episode) 2023 The $100,000 Pyramid (/wiki/The_$100,000_Pyramid) Self - Celebrity Player Episode: "RuPaul vs Lauren Lapkus (/wiki/Lauren_Lapkus) and Steve Schirripa (/wiki/Steve_Schirripa) vs Loni Love (/wiki/Loni_Love) " Music videos Year Title Role Artist 1989 " Love Shack (/wiki/Love_Shack) " Extra The B-52's (/wiki/The_B-52%27s) 2019 " You Need to Calm Down (/wiki/You_Need_to_Calm_Down) " Himself Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) Awards and nominations Main article: List of awards and nominations received by RuPaul (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_RuPaul) RuPaul has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) for which he was inducted in 2018. He has also won 14 Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards) , including 8 for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Competition program (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Host_for_a_Reality_or_Competition_Program) . This makes him the most awarded in the category as well as the most-awarded person of color in Emmy history. [134] (#cite_note-135) His other notable accolades include a Tony Award (/wiki/Tony_Awards) , two Billboard Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Awards) , four Canadian Screen Awards (/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards) , ten Critics' Choice Real TV Awards (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Real_TV_Awards) , a Critics' Choice Award (/wiki/Critics_Choice_Award) , four GLAAD Media Awards (/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Award) including the GLAAD Vito Russo Award (/wiki/GLAAD_Vito_Russo_Award) in 1999, and five Producers Guild of America Awards (/wiki/Producers_Guild_of_America_Awards) . In 2020, a species of Australian soldier fly (/wiki/Soldier_fly) was named Opaluma rupaul (/wiki/Opaluma_rupaul) . The name was chosen in reference to the fly's "costume of shiny metallic rainbow colours." Other species described in the same article were named O. ednae (after fellow drag queen Dame Edna Everage (/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage) ) and O. fabulosa (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fabulous) . [135] (#cite_note-LW-136) [136] (#cite_note-CNN-137) Books Lettin' It All Hang Out: An Autobiography . New York: Hyperion Books. June 1, 1995. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7868-6156-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 31657240 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31657240) . Workin' It! RuPaul's Guide to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Style . New York: It Books. January 1, 2010. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780061985836 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 435421683 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/435421683) . GuRu . New York: Dey Street Books. January 1, 2018. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780751573831 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1076520397 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1076520397) . The House of Hidden Meanings: A Memoir . New York: Dey St. March 5, 2024. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780063263901 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1388319009 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1388319009) . See also LGBT portal (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) LGBT culture in New York City (/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City) List of LGBT people from New York City (/wiki/List_of_LGBT_people_from_New_York_City) List of number-one dance hits (United States) (/wiki/List_of_number-one_dance_hits_(United_States)) List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart (/wiki/List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_on_the_US_Dance_chart) Explanatory notes ^ (#cite_ref-5) RuPaul is indifferent to which gender pronouns are used to refer to him, stating that he can be called "he" or "she", [3] (#cite_note-3) and has played male roles and makes public appearances in both male and female drag. [4] (#cite_note-Autobiography-4) This article uses "he/him" pronouns for consistency. References ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Rupaul A Charles, (212) 929-2363, age 61 from 155 Perry St #3A, New York, NY 10014 - Radaris" (https://radaris.com/~Rupaul-Charles/1487144241) . radaris.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240627014227/https://radaris.com/~Rupaul-Charles/1487144241) from the original on June 27, 2024 . Retrieved October 21, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "RuCo, Inc, Brooklyn NY - Company Profile \| BizStanding" (https://bizstanding.com/p/ruco+inc-184228084) . bizstanding.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240627014215/https://bizstanding.com/p/ruco+inc-184228084) from the original on June 27, 2024 . Retrieved October 21, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) RuPaul's Drag Race [@RuPaulsDragRace] (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) (September 3, 2013). " (https://x.com/RuPaulsDragRace/status/374933702037753857) "You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis & Cathy Lee; I don't care! Just as long as you call me" - @RuPaul #RuFerence" (https://x.com/RuPaulsDragRace/status/374933702037753857) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ Jump up to: a b RuPaul (1995). Lettin' It All Hang Out: An Autobiography . Hyperion Books (/wiki/Hachette_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7868-6156-9 . ^ Jump up to: a b Klein, Jessica (September 24, 2019). "As 'RuPaul's Drag Race' Expands to the U.K., DragCon Shines Light on Its Mainstream Success" (https://fortune.com/2019/09/24/rupaul-drag-race-uk-dragcon/) . Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190926235733/https://fortune.com/2019/09/24/rupaul-drag-race-uk-dragcon/) from the original on September 26, 2019 . Retrieved November 18, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Klein, Jessica (September 24, 2019). "As 'RuPaul's Drag Race' Expands to the U.K., DragCon Shines Light on Its Mainstream Success" (https://fortune.com/2019/09/24/rupaul-drag-race-uk-dragcon/) . Fortune (/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191127234657/https://fortune.com/2019/09/24/rupaul-drag-race-uk-dragcon/) from the original on November 27, 2019 . Retrieved June 29, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Campbell, Naomi (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) . "RuPaul" (http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736291/rupaul/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200403211100/https://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4736291/rupaul/) from the original on April 3, 2020 . Retrieved June 29, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Britton, Luke Morgan (March 19, 2018). "RuPaul becomes first drag icon to get a star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame" (https://www.nme.com/news/rupaul-first-drag-queen-hollywood-walk-fame-star-2268938) . NME . Archived (https://archive.today/20200122141302/https://www.nme.com/news/rupaul-first-drag-queen-hollywood-walk-fame-star-2268938) from the original on January 22, 2020 . Retrieved June 8, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jacobs, Julia (June 12, 2022). "Tony Awards 2022 Live Updates: 'A Strange Loop' Wins Best Musical" (https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/06/12/theater/tony-awards) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220613033252/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/06/12/theater/tony-awards) from the original on June 13, 2022 . Retrieved June 13, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-glbtq_11-0) Gianoulis, Tina (August 16, 2005). "RuPaul (RuPaul Andre Charles)" (http://www.glbtqarchive.com/arts/rupaul_A.pdf) (PDF) . GLBTQ: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture . GLBTQ, Inc. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170112134716/http://glbtqarchive.com/arts/rupaul_A.pdf) (PDF) from the original on January 12, 2017 . Retrieved March 24, 2009 . ^ Jump up to: a b Reynolds, Daniel (October 9, 2020). "Watch RuPaul Learn His Ancestors Were Also Marriage Pioneers" (https://www.advocate.com/television/2020/10/09/watch-rupaul-learn-his-ancestors-were-also-marriage-pioneers) . The Advocate (/wiki/The_Advocate_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201011135651/https://www.advocate.com/television/2020/10/09/watch-rupaul-learn-his-ancestors-were-also-marriage-pioneers) from the original on October 11, 2020 . Retrieved October 14, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Hunt, Bonnie (/wiki/Bonnie_Hunt) (February 22, 2010). "The Bonnie Hunt Show: Interview with RuPaul, Part 2" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9M1ysX6QqOk) . The Bonnie Hunt Show (/wiki/The_Bonnie_Hunt_Show) . 0:49-1:05. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240203232328/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9M1ysX6QqOk) from the original on February 3, 2024 . Retrieved February 3, 2024 – via YouTube. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Robinson, Jennifer (February 10, 2020). "Finding Your Roots: Slave Trade" (https://www.kpbs.org/news/2020/feb/10/finding-your-roots-slave-trade/) . KPBS Public Media . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201017183519/https://www.kpbs.org/news/2020/feb/10/finding-your-roots-slave-trade/) from the original on October 17, 2020 . 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215219/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2018/3/10/meaning-rupauls-apology-what-changed-2014-2018) from the original on September 3, 2018 . Retrieved September 3, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-103) Duffy, Nick (March 5, 2018). "RuPaul compares transgender drag queens to Olympics drug cheats, doubles down on Drag Race 'ban' (https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/03/05/rupaul-compares-transgender-drag-queens-to-doping-athletes-doubles-down-on-drag-race-ban/) " (https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/03/05/rupaul-compares-transgender-drag-queens-to-doping-athletes-doubles-down-on-drag-race-ban/) . PinkNews (/wiki/PinkNews) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215259/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/03/05/rupaul-compares-transgender-drag-queens-to-doping-athletes-doubles-down-on-drag-race-ban/) from the original on September 3, 2018 . Retrieved September 3, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-towle-2018-regret_104-0) Towle, Andy (/wiki/Andy_Towle) (March 6, 2018). 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200311104215/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/10/813970591/rupauls-recipe-for-success-love-yourself-and-stay-flexible) from the original on March 11, 2020 . Retrieved March 10, 2020 . RuPaul, who splits time between Los Angeles and a 60,000-acre ranch in Wyoming, says one of the secrets to his success is adaptability. ^ (#cite_ref-109) "Hydraulic Fracturing of Oil and Gas Wells in Kansas" (http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/PIC/PIC32r1.pdf) (PDF) . Kansas Geological Survey-University of Kansas . May 2012. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/PIC/PIC32r1.pdf) (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022 . Retrieved December 16, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-110) "Questions and Answers about EPA's Hydraulic Fracturing Drinking Water Assessment" (https://www.epa.gov/hfstudy/questions-and-answers-about-epas-hydraulic-fracturing-drinking-water-assessment#scientific%20evidence) . U.S. EPA (/wiki/U.S._EPA) . 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External links RuPaul at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:RuPaul) from Commons Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/RuPaul) from Wikiquote Data (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705715) from Wikidata Official website (https://www.rupaul.com/) RuPaul (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0750412/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) RuPaul (https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/rupaul-charles) at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television (/wiki/The_Interviews:_An_Oral_History_of_Television) v t e RuPaul Discography (/wiki/RuPaul_discography) Awards and nominations (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_RuPaul) Studio albums Supermodel of the World (/wiki/Supermodel_of_the_World) Foxy Lady (/wiki/Foxy_Lady_(RuPaul_album)) Ho Ho Ho (/wiki/Ho_Ho_Ho_(album)) Red Hot (/wiki/Red_Hot_(album)) Champion (/wiki/Champion_(RuPaul_album)) Glamazon (/wiki/Glamazon_(album)) Born Naked (/wiki/Born_Naked) Realness (/wiki/Realness) Slay Belles (/wiki/Slay_Belles) Butch Queen (/wiki/Butch_Queen) American (/wiki/American_(album)) Christmas Party (/wiki/Christmas_Party_(RuPaul_album)) You're a Winner, Baby (/wiki/You%27re_a_Winner,_Baby) Mamaru (/wiki/Mamaru_(album)) Black Butta (/wiki/Black_Butta) Compilation albums RuPaul Presents: The CoverGurlz (/wiki/RuPaul_Presents:_The_CoverGurlz) RuPaul Presents: The CoverGurlz 2 (/wiki/RuPaul_Presents:_The_CoverGurlz_2) Remember Me: Essential, Vol. 1 (/wiki/Remember_Me:_Essential,_Vol._1) Queen of Queens (/wiki/Queen_of_Queens) Essential Christmas (/wiki/Essential_Christmas) Essential, Vol. 3 (/wiki/Essential,_Vol._3) Singles " Supermodel (You Better Work) (/wiki/Supermodel_(You_Better_Work)) " " House of Love (/wiki/House_of_Love_(RuPaul_song)) " " Back to My Roots (/wiki/Back_to_My_Roots) " " Don't Go Breaking My Heart (/wiki/Don%27t_Go_Breaking_My_Heart) " " Snapshot (/wiki/Snapshot_(RuPaul_song)) " " A Little Bit of Love (/wiki/A_Little_Bit_of_Love_(RuPaul_song)) " " It's Raining Men... The Sequel (/wiki/It%27s_Raining_Men) " " Looking Good, Feeling Gorgeous (/wiki/Looking_Good,_Feeling_Gorgeous) " " WorkOut (/wiki/Workout_(RuPaul_song)) " " People Are People (/wiki/People_Are_People) " " Jealous of My Boogie (/wiki/Jealous_of_My_Boogie) " Television The RuPaul Show (/wiki/The_RuPaul_Show) RuPaul's Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race) RuPaul's Drag Race: Untucked (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race:_Untucked) RuPaul's Drag U (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_U) RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_All_Stars) Skin Wars (/wiki/Skin_Wars) Gay for Play Game Show Starring RuPaul (/wiki/Gay_for_Play_Game_Show_Starring_RuPaul) RuPaul (/wiki/RuPaul_(talk_show)) RuPaul's Drag Race UK (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK) AJ and the Queen (/wiki/AJ_and_the_Queen) RuPaul's Secret Celebrity Drag Race (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Secret_Celebrity_Drag_Race) RuPaul's Drag Race Down Under (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_Down_Under) RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs. the World (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race:_UK_vs._the_World) Filmography RuPaul Is: Starbooty! (/wiki/RuPaul_Is:_Starbooty!) The Brady Bunch Movie (/wiki/The_Brady_Bunch_Movie) To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! 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(Redirected from Baby fashion (/w/index.php?title=Baby_fashion&redirect=no) ) Clothing worn by infants "Baby clothes" redirects here. For the 1926 silent film (/wiki/Silent_film) , see Baby Clothes (/wiki/Baby_Clothes) . Baby clothes. Infant clothing or baby clothing is clothing (/wiki/Clothing) made for infants (/wiki/Infant) . Baby fashion is a social-cultural consumerist practice that encodes in children's fashion the representation of many social features and depicts a system characterized by differences in social class, richness, gender, or ethnicity. Size [ edit ] Infant and toddler clothing size is typically based on age. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsumer_Reports-1) These are usually preemie for a preterm birth (/wiki/Preterm_birth) baby, 0 to 3 months, 3 to 6 months, 6 to 9 months, 9 to 12 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months, though there is no industry standard definition for those sizes. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsumer_Reports-1) Most retailers provide sizing charts based on a child's weight, height, or both, and the child's weight and height percentile (/wiki/Weight_and_height_percentile) may also be used for properly sizing clothing for the infant. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsumer_Reports-1) In an article in the October 1945 issue of Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) , B. F. Skinner (/wiki/B._F._Skinner) stated that clothing and bedding "interfere with normal exercise and growth and keep the baby from taking comfortable postures or changing posture during sleep". [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkinner1945-2) An infant may stretch (/wiki/Stretching) , necessitating clothing that is sufficiently loose to allow movement. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeegum200518-3) Styles [ edit ] A baby wearing a bodysuit Comfort, mobility and ease of access are major aspects of modern baby clothes. In Western countries babies typically wear bodysuits (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) and babygrows (/wiki/Babygrow) (known in American English (/wiki/American_English) by various names such as sleepers or footies ). If it is warm enough, these might be sufficient for both daytime and nightwear, supplemented by bibs (/wiki/Bib_(garment)) for feeding time. For cooler weather and more formal occasions, they might become underwear beneath outfits more comparable to those worn by adults. While these outer clothes often feature child-friendly images such as cartoons, for especially formal occasions such as weddings infants might wear scaled down adult styles such as mini- tuxedos (/wiki/Black_tie) . During warmer summer months rompers and 2-in-1 dresses (a dress top half with a romper under section) are very popular choices. These styles of clothing allow young babies to move around with ease and comfort. A baby in a snowsuit In cold weather, outerwear (/wiki/Outerwear) such as snowsuits (/wiki/Snowsuit) can keep babies warm. This newborn is wearing mittens to prevent accidental scratches. For young babies garments will often have full leg and back openings to allow for easy nappy changing. Other helpful features also include fold over scratch mitts to the sleeves, to help prevent very young babies from accidentally scratching themselves. Snaps (/wiki/Snap_fastener) (also known as poppers) or zip (/wiki/Zipper) fastenings have become more popular because they are easier to use than traditional buttons (/wiki/Button) . Due to babies' soft skin, one of the more important attributes to look for in infant and baby clothing is that the clothes are soft and not rough. Soft baby clothes made from organic cotton or eco-friendly materials are becoming more popular. There are even infant clothes now made with bamboo rayon (/wiki/Bamboo_textile#Bamboo_rayon) fibres which are marketed as being breathable and soft to the touch. Materials [ edit ] Infant clothing comes in a variety of materials, such as bamboo or cotton. Bamboo is a popular style and is well liked because of its very soft feel, however it tends to pill easily with wear. In addition to regular cotton, infant cotton clothing comes in different varieties. Brushed cotton feels luxuriously smooth and cool thanks to a unique finishing technique called brushing. Pima cotton is a high-end type of cotton with longer fibers than conventional cotton. It has a reputation for producing a smooth fabric that’s soft to the touch, wrinkle-resistant, and ultra-durable. Dangers [ edit ] See also: Infant mortality (/wiki/Infant_mortality) Excessive thermal insulation (/wiki/Thermal_insulation) has been associated with an increased incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (/wiki/Sudden_infant_death_syndrome) (SIDS). The primary causes are an excess of bedding or clothing, soft sleep surfaces, and stuffed animals (/wiki/Stuffed_animal) . [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlemingLevineAzazWigfield1993-4) The odds ratio (/wiki/Odds_ratio) of SIDS associated with thermal insulation at least two togs (/wiki/Tog_(unit)) above the lower critical value (after adjusting for the season and confounding (/wiki/Confounding) factors) was 1.35 in a New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) study, which also found that SIDS had some correlation with too little thermal insulation. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsTaylorMitchell1996-5) A 1984 study of 34 infant cot deaths found that for 2/3 excessive clothing and over-wrapping was a contributing cause. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanton1984-6) Clothing was responsible for an increased incidence of congenital hip dislocation (/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(human)#Congenital) (CDH) in Japanese infants. By custom, a diaper (/wiki/Diaper) and clothing had been applied to the infants "with the legs in extension". [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIshida1977-7) Before 1965, the incidence of CDH in infants was up to 3.5%, but a national campaign established in 1975 "to avoid prolonged extension of the hips and knees of infants during the early postnatal period" led to a reduction in the incidence of CDH in infants to 0.2% by the early 1980s. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamamuroIshida1984-8) Fire hazard [ edit ] Close-fitting nightwear is "invariably safer than long, loose nightwear". [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordonPressley1978-9) Canada (/wiki/Canada) prohibits the importation, sale, or advertising of classes of clothing and other consumer products that do not meet the minimum flammability standards. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealth_Canada-10) Standards for infant and children's sleepwear were defined in 1971 and amended in 1987 as part of the Hazardous Products Act (/wiki/Canada_Consumer_Product_Safety_Act) . [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealth_Canada-10) Any textile product must also satisfy textile labeling requirements specified in the Textile Labelling Act (/w/index.php?title=Textile_Labelling_Act&action=edit&redlink=1) administered by the Competition Bureau (/wiki/Competition_Bureau) of Industry Canada (/wiki/Industry_Canada) . [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealth_Canada-10) In the United States, textile flammability is subject to the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act (/wiki/U.S._Flammable_Fabrics_Act) . A study found that children less than five years old had a higher incidence of sleepwear fires than other age groups and that they had an "unreasonable risk of death or injury from fire accidents involving sleepwear". [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESita1977-11) This led to the first flammability standard for infant and children's sleepwear. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESita1977-11) On 30 April 1996, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Commission) relaxed standards for children's sleepwear flammability, allowing retailers to sell "tight-fitting children's sleepwear and sleepwear for infants aged 9 months or younger" that does not meet the flammability criteria. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECusickGrantKucan1997-12) An infant clothing retail shop in the old town of Čakovec (/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec) , Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) . Hygiene and health [ edit ] Infants may have allergic (/wiki/Allergy) reactions to certain materials, especially synthetic fibres (/wiki/Synthetic_fibre) such as polyester (/wiki/Polyester) , rayon (/wiki/Rayon) , and nylon (/wiki/Nylon) , and natural fibres (/wiki/Natural_fibre) such as wool (/wiki/Wool) . [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeegum200519-13) See also [ edit ] Breeching (boys) (/wiki/Breeching_(boys)) Infant bodysuit (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Shortcoating (/wiki/Shortcoating) Swaddling (/wiki/Swaddling) Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Consumer Reports (#CITEREFConsumer_Reports) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkinner1945_2-0) Skinner 1945 (#CITEREFSkinner1945) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeegum200518_3-0) Beegum 2005 (#CITEREFBeegum2005) , p. 18. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlemingLevineAzazWigfield1993_4-0) Fleming et al. 1993 (#CITEREFFlemingLevineAzazWigfield1993) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamsTaylorMitchell1996_5-0) Williams, Taylor & Mitchell 1996 (#CITEREFWilliamsTaylorMitchell1996) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanton1984_6-0) Stanton 1984 (#CITEREFStanton1984) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIshida1977_7-0) Ishida 1977 (#CITEREFIshida1977) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamamuroIshida1984_8-0) Yamamuro & Ishida 1984 (#CITEREFYamamuroIshida1984) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordonPressley1978_9-0) Gordon & Pressley 1978 (#CITEREFGordonPressley1978) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Health Canada (#CITEREFHealth_Canada) . ^ Jump up to: a b Sita 1977 (#CITEREFSita1977) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECusickGrantKucan1997_12-0) Cusick, Grant & Kucan 1997 (#CITEREFCusickGrantKucan1997) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeegum200519_13-0) Beegum 2005 (#CITEREFBeegum2005) , p. 19. References [ edit ] Beegum, M. Raheema (2005). Speaking of Child Care and Nutrition . New Dawn Press Group, Sterling Publishing (/wiki/Sterling_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781845570279 . Condra, Jill, ed. (2008). "1801 to the Present". The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History . Vol. 3. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313336652 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2007030705 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2007030705) . Cusick, Janet M.; Grant, Ernest J.; Kucan, John (September–October 1997). "Children's Sleepwear: Relaxation of the Consumer Product Safety Commission's Flammability Standards" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-199709000-00020) . Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation . 18 (5): 469–476. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/00004630-199709000-00020 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00004630-199709000-00020) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 9313132 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9313132) . Danziger, Pamela (2004). Why People Buy Things They Don't Need: Understanding and Predicting Consumer Behavior . Kaplan Financial Series. Kaplan Publishing (/wiki/Kaplan_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0793186020 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2004003269 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2004003269) . Fleming, PJ; Levine, MR; Azaz, Y; Wigfield, R; Stewart, AJ (August 1993). "Interactions between thermoregulation and the control of respiration in infants: possible relationship to sudden infant death". Acta Paediatrica . 82 (Supplemental s390): 57–59. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12878.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.1993.tb12878.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 8374195 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8374195) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 44497216 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44497216) . Gordon, P.G.; Pressley, T.A. (September 1978). "The fire hazard of children's nightwear: the Australian experience in developing clothing fire hazard standards". Burns . 5 (1): 13–18. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/0305-4179(78)90034-7 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0305-4179%2878%2990034-7) . Ishida, Katsumasa (July–August 1977). "Prevention of the Development of the Typical Dislocation of the Hip". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research . 126 (126): 167–169. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/00003086-197707000-00028 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00003086-197707000-00028) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 27871252 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27871252) . Leach, William R. (1994). Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture . Vintage Series. Vintage Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0679754114 . Shakin, Madeline; Shakin, Debra; Hall Sternglanz, Sarah (May 1985). "Infant clothing: Sex labeling for strangers". Sex Roles . 12 (9–10): 955–964. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/bf00288097 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf00288097) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0360-0025 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0360-0025) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 144811855 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144811855) . Peterson, Amy T.; Kellogg, Ann T., eds. (2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through American History 1900 to the Present: 1900-1949 . Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313334177 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2008024624 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2008024624) . Sita, Rose Marie (1977). "Fire Resistant Sleepwear for Young Hospital Patients". Hospital Topics . 55 (4): 40–41. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/00185868.1977.9950414 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00185868.1977.9950414) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0018-5868 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0018-5868) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 885528 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/885528) . Skinner, B.F. (/wiki/B._F._Skinner) (October 1945). "Baby in a box". Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) . Stanton, A.N. (November 1984). "Overheating and cot death" (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2884%2992753-3/abstract) . The Lancet (/wiki/The_Lancet) . 324 (8413): 1199–1201. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92753-3 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2884%2992753-3) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 6150244 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6150244) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 206001647 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206001647) . Williams, MS; Taylor, BJ; Mitchell, EA (April 1996). "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Insulation from Bedding and Clothing and its Effect Modifiers" (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2F25.2.366) . International Journal of Epidemiology (/wiki/International_Journal_of_Epidemiology) . 25 (2). National Cot Death Study Group: 366–375. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ije/25.2.366 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2F25.2.366) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 9119562 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9119562) . Yamamuro, Takao; Ishida, Katsumasa (April 1984). "Recent Advances in the Prevention, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip in Japan". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research . 184 (184): 24–40. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/00003086-198404000-00005 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00003086-198404000-00005) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 10622769 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10622769) . "Baby clothes buying guide" (http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/baby-clothes/buying-guide.htm) . Baby clothes . Consumer Reports (/wiki/Consumer_Reports) . Retrieved 2013-06-12 . "Flammability of Textile Products in Canada" (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/pubs/indust/flammability-inflammabilite/index-eng.php) , Consumer Product Safety , Health Canada (/wiki/Health_Canada) , 2009, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780662063513 , retrieved 2013-06-12 "424330 Women's, Children's, and Infants' Clothing and Accessories Merchant Wholesalers" (https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=424330&search=2012%20NAICS%20Search) . 2012 NAICS Definition . United States Census Bureau (/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau) . 2 November 2010 . Retrieved 2013-06-12 . "448130 Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores" (https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=424330&search=2012%20NAICS%20Search) . 2012 NAICS Definition . United States Census Bureau (/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau) . 2 November 2010 . Retrieved 2013-06-12 . "Baby clothing: What to look for—and avoid" (https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2009/07/baby-clothing-what-to-look-for-and-avoid/index.htm) . Sources [ edit ] Bailey, Reg. Letting children be children. Report of an Independent Review of the Commercialisation and Sexualisation of Childhood. Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Education by Command of Her Majesty, June 2011; Bogt & Rutger C. M. E. Engels & Sanne Bogers &Kloosterman. Shake It Baby, Shake It: Media Preferences, Sexual Attitudes and Gender Stereotypes Among Adolescents. Sex Roles; 63; pp. 844–859; 2010; Bragg; Buckingham; Russel; Willet. Too much, too soon? Children, ‘sexualization’ and consumer culture. Sex Education, Sexuality, Society and Learning; Callahan, Colleen, and Jo B. Paoletti. Is It a Girl or a Boy? Gender Identity and Children's Clothing. Richmond, Va.: The Valentine Museum, 1999; Cherney; London. Gender-linked differences in the toys, television shows, computer games and outdoor activities of 5- to 13-year-old children. Sex Roles 54; pp. 717–726; 2006; Connell, Raewyn. Quality of human resources: gender and indigenous – Quality Gender, men and masculinities. Connell, Raewyn. Questioni di genere. Il Mulino; 2009; pp. 167–168 Johnson, Charlotte. An infant's clothing-swaddle, gown, shirt and coif. Atlanta kingdom arts and science festival, March 2006; Klepp; Storm-Mathisen. Reading Fashion as Age: Teenage Girls' and Grown Women's Accounts of Clothing as Body and Social Status. Fashion Theory, The Journal of Dress, Body and Culture; Leinbach; Hort (University of Oregon); Fagot (University of Oregon and Oregon social learning center). Bears are for boys: metaphorical associations in young children's gender stereotypes. Cognitive development; 12; pp. 107–130; 1997; Twigg. Clothing, identity and the embodiment of age. In Powell and Gilbert “Aging and identity: a postmodern dialogue”, Nova Science publisher, New York, 2009; Wright, revised by Constance Kratzer. Clothing hints for young children. Mexico State University, department of agriculture operating; Further reading [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baby clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baby_clothing) . Barraclough Paoletti, Jo (2012). Pink and Blue: Telling the Boys from the Girls in America . Indiana University Press (/wiki/Indiana_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780253001177 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2011039889 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2011039889) . Reeves, Wilson A.; Barker, Robert H. (1977). "Fire-resistant apparel fabrics". CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control . 8 (1–4): 91–100. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 1977CREC....8...91R (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977CREC....8...91R) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/10643387709381659 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10643387709381659) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0007-8999 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-8999) . Stanwick, Richard S. (1985). "Clothing burns in Canadian children" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1345939) . Canadian Medical Association Journal (/wiki/Canadian_Medical_Association_Journal) . 132 (10): 1143–1149. PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 1345939 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1345939) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 3995433 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3995433) . Wilson, CA; Taylor, BJ; Laing, RM; Williams, SM; Mitchell, EA (December 1994). "Clothing and bedding and its relevance to sudden infant death syndrome: Further results from the New Zealand Cot Death Study". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health . 30 (6). New Zealand Cot Death Study Group: 506–512. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00722.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1754.1994.tb00722.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 7865263 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7865263) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 26300029 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26300029) . 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Submission declined on 10 March 2024 by Johannes Maximilian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Johannes_Maximilian) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Johannes_Maximilian) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Lindsay_Timberlake) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Lindsay_Timberlake&defaults=y) Declined by Johannes Maximilian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Johannes_Maximilian) 4 months ago. Last edited by Johannes Maximilian (/wiki/User:Johannes_Maximilian) 4 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Trekinasibyllinedream&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 8 March 2024 by Shewasafairy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Shewasafairy) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Shewasafairy) ). This submission's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) —that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published , reliable , secondary sources that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the subject (see the guidelines on the notability of people (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) ). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see technical help (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners#Inserting_a_reference) and learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. Declined by Shewasafairy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Shewasafairy) 4 months ago. Fashion model This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) relies too much on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Misuse_of_primary_sources) . Please help by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately , especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) or harmful. Find sources: "Lindsay Timberlake" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lindsay+Timberlake%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Lindsay Timberlake Born ( 1994-02-08 ) February 8, 1994 (age 30) Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) , U.S. Occupation Fashion model Height 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Lindsay Erin Timberlake (born 8 February 1994) is a fashion model (/wiki/Model_(person)) of Irish (/wiki/Ireland) , Northwestern European (/wiki/Northwestern_Europe) and Swedish (/wiki/Sweden) descent. She appeared in Vogue Magazine (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in February 2021. [1] (#cite_note-1) Timberlake is also featured in The United States of Fashion: A New Atlas of American Style with foreward by Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Contents [ edit ] Life and career (/wiki/Lindsay_Timberlake#Life_and_career) Publications (/wiki/Lindsay_Timberlake#Publications) References (/wiki/Lindsay_Timberlake#References) External links (/wiki/Lindsay_Timberlake#External_links) Life and career [ edit ] Timberlake walking the runway at the Nashville Boogie Vintage Weekender for Manuel (/wiki/Manuel_Cuevas) (2016) Lindsay Timberlake was born on February 8 th in Nashville, Tennessee (/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Prior to modeling, she sold vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) in East Nashville (/wiki/East_Nashville,_Tennessee) while working as a wardrobe stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) in the fashion (/wiki/Fashion) industry. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2009, Timberlake was nominated 1 st runner up in the Miss Chattanooga Pageant. [6] (#cite_note-6) The following year, she worked for fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) , Vivienne Tam (/wiki/Vivienne_Tam) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Timberlake began creating online content as a fashion blogger (/wiki/Fashion_blog) for Today I'm Wearing in 2011, acquired by Associated Newspaper Ltd (/wiki/Associated_Newspapers_Ltd) in 2012. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2015, Timberlake walked the runway for western wear (/wiki/Western_wear) designer Manuel Cuevas (/wiki/Manuel_Cuevas) wearing clothing designed for Linda Ronstadt (/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt) and again in 2016 alongside Kacey Musgraves (/wiki/Kacey_Musgraves) at Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center (/wiki/Gaylord_Opryland_Resort_%26_Convention_Center) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2018, Nashville Fashion Week (/wiki/Nashville_Fashion_Week) shows Timberlake wearing fashion designer Ola Mai for the March issue of Nashville Scene (/wiki/Nashville_Scene) . [11] (#cite_note-11) She is featured in the February 2021 issue of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) for Jerry Lee Atwood (/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Atwood_(clothing_designer)) photographed by Tierney Gearon (/wiki/Tierney_Gearon) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Timberlake also appears in the Rizzoli Books (/wiki/Rizzoli_Bookstore) publication The United States of Fashion: A New Atlas of American Style from the editors of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) (September 2021). [13] (#cite_note-13) Publications [ edit ] Year Publication Designer Role Publisher Date 2018 Nashville Scene (/wiki/Nashville_Scene) Ola Mai Model SouthComm Communications (/wiki/SouthComm_Communications) March 2018 2021 Vogue Magazine (/wiki/Vogue_Magazine) Union Western Model Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) February 2021 2021 The United States of Fashion: A New Atlas of American Style Union Western Model Rizzoli Books (/w/index.php?title=Rizzoli_Books&action=edit&redlink=1) September 2021 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Yotka, Steff, ed. (2021-01-14). "The Mid-West" (https://www.vogue.com/article/united-states-of-fashion-mid-west) . Vogue.com . Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wintour, Anna (September 7, 2021). "The United States of Fashion: A New Atlas of American Style" (https://www.rizzoliusa.com/book/9780847871032/) . Rizzoli Bookstore (/wiki/Rizzoli_Bookstore) . New York . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lindsay Timberlake" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm13259709/) . IMDb . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Patterson, Angela (2007-05-30). "East Nashville Block Party shows area's unity" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23559667/lindsay/) . The Tennessean . Gannett (/wiki/Gannett) . p. 7 . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Ash Fisher: Voodoo Child" (http://fusion-model-fusion.blogspot.com/2011/04/ash-fisher-voodoo-child.html) . New York: fusion models. 2011-04-01 . Retrieved 2021-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Scenic City Pageant Winners - Miss Chattanooga 2010" (https://www.chattanoogan.com/2009/10/19/161206/Scenic-City-Pageant-Winners.aspx) . www.chattanoogan.com . 2009-10-19 . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lam, Wendy (2010-03-24). "Asia Society Gala with Vivienne Tam" (https://nitrolicious.com/2010/03/23/asia-society-gala-with-vivienne-tam/) . nitrolicious.com . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Campbell, Anne (2012-11-29). "Today I'm Wearing: The website that allows women to shares their styles" (https://metro.co.uk/2012/11/29/today-im-wearing-the-website-that-allows-women-to-shares-their-styles-3078024/) . Metro.co.uk . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Turcotte, Lauren (2015-05-07). "The Nashville Boogie: Recap" (https://apronstringsvintage.wordpress.com/2015/05/07/the-nashville-boogie-recap/) . Apron Strings Vintage . Retrieved 2021-12-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hayes, Gary (2016-05-17). "The Western Roundup Fashion Show 2016" (https://garyhayescountry.com/muddy-roots-nashville-boogie-day-3-part-1-and-the-western-roundup-fashion-show/) . garyhayescountry.com . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "By Design: Ola Mai - A look at designer Leslie Stephens' collection" (https://www.nashvillescene.com/arts_culture/coverstory/by-design-ola-mai/article_b2d94dc8-4d4d-55f0-9811-6c1962f57f44.html) . Nashville Scene . 2018-03-29 . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "US Vogue February 2021" (https://forums.thefashionspot.com/threads/us-vogue-february-2021-kamala-harris-by-tyler-mitchell.401786/) . the Fashion Spot . 2021-01-09 . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Nast, Condé (2021-09-09). "Vogue's 'United States of Fashion' Is On Sale Now" (https://www.vogue.com/article/united-states-of-fashion-book-vogue-rizzoli) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue) . Retrieved 2024-03-09 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lindsay Timberlake (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lindsay_Timberlake) . 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Type of handbag Baguettes are small, compact handbags (/wiki/Handbag) , designed by Italian fashion (/wiki/Fashion) company Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) in 1997. Popularized on Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) in the late 1990s and early 2000s, this product is often cited as the first it bag (/wiki/It_bag) . [1] (#cite_note-1) With the Baguette, Fendi sparked the "buy-a-bag-a-day habit" by rapidly declining it into hundreds of different designs, [2] (#cite_note-2) selling more than a million units in 20 years. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) History [ edit ] The Baguette concept was for a small, streamlined bag, carried on a short strap, that could be adapted for different looks, colors, and textures while still having a consistent aesthetic (/wiki/Aesthetic) . [4] (#cite_note-4) It marked a contrast from many popular purses at the time, which were large totes. Small and little-known, Fendi lent Baguettes as props for HBO's Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) , a new show that was fast growing in popularity. In one of the episodes, Carrie Bradshaw gets mugged in a narrow street. The robber asks for her "bag", to which Carrie replies "it's a Baguette". Fendi was the first luxury house to lend a piece to Patricia Field (/wiki/Patricia_Field) , the show's costume designer and stylist. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) has credited her bag for establishing the show and her character, Carrie Bradshaw (/wiki/Carrie_Bradshaw) , saying "Having Carrie wear the Baguette was a defining moment for us, and marked the beginning of everything". [6] (#cite_note-6) The success of the Baguette bag led LVMH to acquire Fendi in 1999. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2012, to celebrate the bag's 15th birthday and its +1000 original creations, Fendi organized an exhibition at the Colette store (/wiki/Colette_(boutique)) in Paris. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2019, Fendi relaunched the Baguette bag, designed by Silvia Venturini Fendi, creator of the original Baguette. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) A few months later, Fendi partnered with the perfumer Francis Kurkdjian (/wiki/Francis_Kurkdjian) to launch the first-ever fragrance-infused bag. The scent was named ‘FendiFrenesia’ and influenced directly into the leather of Baguette bags (the scent lasts three years). [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) A Baguette bag for men was also launched. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) The actresses Amanda Seyfried (/wiki/Amanda_Seyfried) and Emma Roberts (/wiki/Emma_Roberts) released a clip online, #BaguetteFriendsForever, where they explore a large room full of vintage and new Baguette bags. [13] (#cite_note-13) See also [ edit ] Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) It bag (/wiki/It_bag) Kelly bag (/wiki/Kelly_bag) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Joyce Corrigan (13 June 2012). "History of an It Bag" (http://www.marieclaire.com/fashion/advice/a7158/fendi-baguette/) . Marie Claire . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hayt, Elizabeth (1999-07-18). "For Her: It's A Handbag Moment" (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/18/style/for-her-it-s-a-handbag-moment.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Coulson, Clare (2019-01-31). "Fendi exclusive: the return of the original "It" bag" (https://howtospendit.ft.com/articles/205349-what-the-fendi-baguette-did-next) . howtospendit.ft.com . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The first 'it' bag" (https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b0431e00-9601-11e1-a6a0-00144feab49a.html#axzz3r6COz7OS) . Financial Times . ^ Jump up to: a b "Carrie Bradshaw's Iconic Fendi Baguette Bag Is Back" (https://www.papermag.com/fendi-baguette-bag-2628061113.html) . PAPER . 2019-02-05 . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Achille Bonito Oliva et al., The Fendi Baguette Book , New York: Rizzoli Press, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "LVMH accélère le rythme de ses investissements dans Fendi" (https://www.lesechos.fr/2005/05/lvmh-accelere-le-rythme-de-ses-investissements-dans-fendi-606718) . Les Echos (in French). 2005-05-20 . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Menkes, Suzy (2012-07-16). "Baguette Bag, Tucked Under the Arm and Turning Heads in Paris" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/17/fashion/17iht-ffendi17.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Wightman-Stone, Danielle (2019-12-10). "Fendi debuts scented Baguette bag" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/fendi-debuts-scented-baguette-bag/2019121046572) . fashionunited.uk . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Bitmead, Charlotte (2019-12-09). "Fendi Just Made Perfume-Scented Bags A Thing And Bouji Doesn't Cover It" (https://www.elle.com/uk/beauty/a30166599/fendi-scented-bags/) . ELLE . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Lin, Tan Wei (2019-10-15). "The Fendi Baguette Bag Is Back—And This Time, It's For Men" (https://sg.asiatatler.com/style/fendi-baguette-bag-for-men) . Tatler Singapore . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) STAFF, GQ (2019-07-17). "Fendi Just Reinvented The Baguette Bag 'For Him,' And It's All We Want To Carry" (https://www.gq.com.au/style/best-buys/fendi-just-reinvented-the-baguette-bag-for-him-and-its-all-we-want-to-carry/news-story/9ad0a68c8b8a0827dbac30985571b532) . GQ . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Emma Roberts and Amanda Seyfried Pay Tribute to Fendi's Iconic Baguette Bag in a New Short Film" (https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/emma-roberts-amanda-seyfried-pay-174400085.html) . www.yahoo.com . 21 June 2019 . Retrieved 2020-08-30 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American fashion blogger and influencer Arielle Charnas Born ( 1987-06-13 ) June 13, 1987 (age 37) Occupations Fashion blogger Influencer Designer Website somethingnavy (https://somethingnavy.com/) .com (https://somethingnavy.com/) Arielle Noa Charnas [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) (née Nachmani ; [2] (#cite_note-2) born June 13, 1987) [3] (#cite_note-3) is an American fashion blogger (/wiki/Fashion_blog) and influencer (/wiki/Fashion_influencer) known for her blog Something Navy , launched in 2009. She designed a line of apparel in partnership with Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , [4] (#cite_note-wwd2-4) and following its success, she started a clothing brand called Something Navy in 2020. [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) She gained attention for series of controversies during the COVID-19 pandemic [6] (#cite_note-:7-6) and for the subsequent backlash from Nordstrom. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [7] (#cite_note-7) Early life [ edit ] Charnas was raised in Old Westbury, New York (/wiki/Old_Westbury,_New_York) , on Long Island (/wiki/Long_Island) to a Jewish (/wiki/Jewish) family. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She graduated from Syracuse University (/wiki/Syracuse_University) in 2009. [8] (#cite_note-8) Career [ edit ] Influencer and blogger [ edit ] In 2009, Charnas began posting photos of her outfits and showcasing her personal style online on a blog named Something Navy. [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) Initially, the posts were to impress an ex-boyfriend. [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) She describes her personal style as "elevated basic". [11] (#cite_note-:5-11) [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) Before her blog gained in popularity, Charnas worked at a Theory (/wiki/Theory_(clothing_retailer)) store in the Meatpacking District (/wiki/Meatpacking_District,_Manhattan) . [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) She later signed a four-year endorsement deal with TRESemmé (/wiki/TRESemm%C3%A9) and appeared in television ads for the shampoo brand that began airing in January 2016. [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) [12] (#cite_note-:2-12) By September 2017, she had over one million followers on Instagram. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Nordstrom partnership [ edit ] Charnas later launched her first collection of apparel with Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) in fall 2017. [13] (#cite_note-:3-13) Her first fashion line named Something Navy X Treasure & Bond was launched on September 25, 2017, in 52 Nordstrom stores across the United States and Canada. The collection included 30 ready-to-wear outfits, including shoes and accessories. [14] (#cite_note-:6-14) Sales online exceeded over a million dollars in the first 24 hours. [15] (#cite_note-15) In February 2018, Charnas signed a long-term contract with Nordstrom to license Something Navy and her likeness, as well as establish a stand-alone brand. [11] (#cite_note-:5-11) [16] (#cite_note-16) In March 2018, a single Instagram story promoting Bandier, an activewear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) retailer in which Charnas owns a small stake, [9] (#cite_note-:4-9) generated more than $207,000 in sales in just four hours. [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) In September 2018, Something Navy released Charnas' second collection of apparel with Nordstrom, and the first under the standalone brand. On the launch date, high traffic temporarily shut down the Nordstrom website an hour after the collection's release, but sales for the day reached $4 to $5 million. [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) [17] (#cite_note-17) In August 2019, it was announced that Charnas raised $10 million in funding from investors, valuing the Something Navy brand at nearly $45 million. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) On April 2, 2020, Nordstrom further disassociated themselves with her brand due to her actions related to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . They stated: "Our partnership with Arielle Charnas ended in 2019, and we have no foreseeable collaborations". [6] (#cite_note-:7-6) Something Navy clothing brand [ edit ] In July 2020, Charnas launched Something Navy without Nordstrom. She hired Matthew Scanlan as CEO, and his company Nadaam Inc. owns 20%. Charnas served as chief creative officer. [20] (#cite_note-:10-20) The company opened stores in Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , New York (/wiki/New_York_City) and Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) [20] (#cite_note-:10-20) Something Navy received a $10 million of funding from Silas Chou (/wiki/Silas_Chou) 's Vanterra Capital fund, which valued the Something Navy business at about $45 million. [21] (#cite_note-21) According to Scanlan, Something Navy had $12 million in sales during its first six months. [20] (#cite_note-:10-20) In 2021, Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) projected Something Navy to grow by a factor of 300. [22] (#cite_note-22) Scanlan says that Something Navy did $24 million in sales in 2022. [20] (#cite_note-:10-20) In late 2022, the celebrity gossip Instagram account DeuxMoi (/wiki/DeuxMoi) posted unvetted allegations about Arielle and Something Navy, sparking extensive online gossip on Reddit (/wiki/Reddit) and other social media. [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) In December 8, 2022, Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) published an article that made several claims about the company's apparent struggles. The article claimed that Something Navy owed hundreds of thousands of dollars to vendors, suppliers, and freelancers and that it had lost almost half of its employees within the last year. According to a spokesperson from Something Navy, the payments were completed by the time of the article's fact-check. Business Insider reported that CEO Matthew Scanlan had shielded Charnas from the day-to-day operations. [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) The article was behind a paywall and prompted "thousands" of signups to Business Insider , according to Vanity Fair . [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) Charnas posted on social media that Something Navy planned to open at least ten more locations, but the plans were never fulfilled. In 2023, the company closed its stores and stopped posting on social media. Wall Street Journal reported in December 2023 that Something Navy was being sold in a "fire sale." [20] (#cite_note-:10-20) According to the brand's term sheet, it is offloading "$7.5 million in liabilities and $483,000 worth of outstanding bills." The consideration of the purchase was listed at $1. [20] (#cite_note-:10-20) Some reports said that IHL Group, which has a portfolio of brands including Aéropostale (/wiki/A%C3%A9ropostale_(company)) , was interested in purchasing Something Navy. [23] (#cite_note-23) Personal life [ edit ] Charnas married Brandon Charnas, a lawyer and real estate advisor with degrees from the University of Pennsylvania (/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania) and Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law (/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo_School_of_Law) at Yeshiva University (/wiki/Yeshiva_University) , on October 18, 2014, in Fisher Island (/wiki/Fisher_Island,_Florida) , Florida (/wiki/Florida) . [24] (#cite_note-24) [14] (#cite_note-:6-14) [25] (#cite_note-25) The couple has three daughters, who she frequently features on social media. [13] (#cite_note-:3-13) [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) She lives on the Upper East Side (/wiki/Upper_East_Side) of New York City and frequently travels to The Hamptons (/wiki/The_Hamptons) and South Florida (/wiki/South_Florida) . [5] (#cite_note-:8-5) In March 2020, Charnas announced she had tested positive for COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) . She received criticism for using personal connections to receive a COVID-19 test at a time when tests were limited and her symptoms were not severe enough to warrant one. [6] (#cite_note-:7-6) She also received backlash for leaving New York City eight days after her diagnosis to go to the Hamptons despite stay-at-home orders in place. [6] (#cite_note-:7-6) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Shapiro, Bee (September 5, 2017). "How to Prep for the Front Row, and Beyond" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/fashion/arielle-noa-charnas-something-navy-make-up-skin-care.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved July 15, 2023 . Arielle Noa Charnas, 30 [as of September 5, 2017]... ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Arielle Charnas' company, Something Navy, is floundering amid dwindling sales, an employee exodus, and furious suppliers" (https://www.businessinsider.com/arielle-charnas-brandon-something-navy-matt-scanlan-sales-employees-exodus-2022-12) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Arielle Charnas Instagram Birthday Post" (https://www.instagram.com/p/pMNm-1RrnR/?modal=true) . Instagram . June 13, 2014. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/pMNm-1RrnR) from the original on December 26, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-wwd2_4-0) "Arielle Charnas Bows Something Navy Brand With Nordstrom" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/somethingnavy-arielle-charnas-nordstrom-partner-on-standalone-somethingnavy-brand-1202595986/) . WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved May 26, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "How Arielle Charnas and Something Navy Became a Social Media Punching Bag (Again)" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2023/01/something-navy-arielle-charnas) . Vanity Fair . January 12, 2023 . Retrieved February 20, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Griffith, Janelle (April 3, 2020). "Influencer Arielle Charnas faces renewed backlash for retreating to Hamptons after COVID-19 diagnosis" (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/influencer-arielle-charnas-faces-renewed-backlash-retreating-hamptons-after-covid-n1176066) . NBC News (/wiki/NBC_News) . Retrieved June 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Crain, Abbey (January 10, 2018). "What Happens When You Reach a Million Instagram Followers" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/now-you-too-can-get-1-million-instagram-followers-1515599740) . The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lieber, Chavie; O’Brien, Sara Ashley (January 23, 2024). "Investors Poured Millions Into Her Fashion Brand. Then It All Fell Apart" (https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/something-navy-arielle-charnas-sale-c8beeb2f) . WSJ (/wiki/WSJ) . Retrieved February 20, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Strugatz, Rachel (November 1, 2018). "Influencers Are Investors Now, Too" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/professional/influencers-are-investors-now-too) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Strugatz, Rachel (October 11, 2018). "Is Arielle Charnas the Future of Fashion?" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/professional/is-arielle-charnas-the-future-of-fashion) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Strugatz, Rachel (February 26, 2018). "Arielle Charnas Bows SomethingNavy Brand With Nordstrom" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/somethingnavy-arielle-charnas-nordstrom-partner-on-standalone-somethingnavy-brand-1202595986/) . WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c McCall, Tyler (September 24, 2018). "How Arielle Charnas Turned Her Blog, 'Something Navy,' Into a Lifestyle Brand" (https://fashionista.com/2018/09/something-navy-arielle-charnas-career) . Fashionista . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Azoulay, Bonnie (June 20, 2018). "Arielle Charnas of 'Something Navy' Shares The Gory Details of Childbirth" (https://forward.com/schmooze/403643/arielle-charnas-of-something-navy-gets-real-about-gory-details-of/) . The Forward . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Strugatz, Rachel (August 28, 2017). "Influence peddler: Arielle Charnas teams with Nordstrom for collection" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-wwd-arielle-charnas-nordstrom-20170828-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Strugatz, Rachel (September 29, 2017). " (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/superinfluencer-something-navy-nordstrom-drives-millions-in-sales-11009231/) 'Superinfluencer' Something Navy Soars at Nordstrom" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/superinfluencer-something-navy-nordstrom-drives-millions-in-sales-11009231/) . WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved April 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Something Navy's Arielle Charnas: "Influencers are the best way to keep retail alive" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/something-navy-arielle-charnas-nordstrom-influencers-are-the-best-way-to-keep-retail-alive/) " (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/something-navy-arielle-charnas-nordstrom-influencers-are-the-best-way-to-keep-retail-alive/) . CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) . March 25, 2019 . Retrieved April 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Lockwood, Lisa (September 25, 2018). "Something Navy Crashes Site, Beats Expectations at Nordstrom" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/something-navy-crashes-site-beats-expectations-nordstrom-1202845078/) . WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "The Billionaire Who Backed Michael Kors Is Investing in Influencer Arielle Charnas" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/professional/the-billionaire-who-backed-michael-kors-is-investing-in-influencer-arielle-charnas) . The Business of Fashion . August 15, 2019 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Influencer tests positive for COVID-19, then posts a picture outside" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/48577/1/influencer-tested-positive-covid-19-arielle-charnas-instagram-coronavirus) . Dazed . March 30, 2020 . Retrieved April 16, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f O’Brien, Chavie Lieber and Sara Ashley. "Her Brand Had $100 Million Ambitions. Now It's Being Sold in a Fire Sale" (https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/something-navy-arielle-charnas-sale-2eafbdd8) . WSJ . Retrieved February 20, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Thomas, Lauren (July 13, 2020). "Fashion influencer Arielle Charnas relaunches Something Navy line following run at Nordstrom" (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/13/influencer-arielle-charnas-launches-something-navy-after-nordstrom.html) . CNBC . Retrieved February 20, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Hines, Morgan. "How Influencer Arielle Charnas Overcame Professional And Personal Challenges While Launching Her Brand During Covid-19" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/morganhines/2021/01/30/how-influencer-arielle-charnas-overcame-professional-and-personal-challenges-while-launching-her-brand-during-covid-19/) . Forbes . Retrieved June 28, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Frischer, Brooke (December 19, 2023). "Something Navy Is Reportedly Being Sold for $1" (https://fashionista.com/2023/12/arielle-charnas-something-navy-selling-for-one-dollar) . Fashionista . Retrieved February 20, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Media, earned. "About Us" (https://www.currentreadvisors.com/about-us-2) . Current Real Estate Advisors . Retrieved June 28, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Mackey, Jaimie (December 3, 2014). "Something Navy's Arielle Nachmani's Chic Miami Wedding Photos" (https://www.brides.com/story/arielle-nachmani-something-navy-wedding-photos-fred-marcus-studio) . Brides (/wiki/Brides_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Curotto, Merin (December 12, 2018). "Something Navy's Arielle Charnas Is More Successful Than Ever—But at What Price?" (https://observer.com/2018/12/something-navy-star-arielle-charnas-launching-nordstrom-holiday-line/) . Observer . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Something Navy Blogger Arielle Charnas Welcomes Third Baby Girl with Husband Brandon" (https://people.com/parents/arielle-charnas-welcomes-third-baby-daughter/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved June 28, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Lorenz, Taylor (April 2, 2020). "Flight of the Influencers" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/style/influencers-leave-new-york-coronavirus.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved June 30, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "How Influencer Arielle Charnas Became The Face Of "Privilege In The Age Of The Coronavirus" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemcneal/arielle-charnas-coronavirus-instagram-controversy) " (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemcneal/arielle-charnas-coronavirus-instagram-controversy) . BuzzFeed News . April 2, 2020 . Retrieved June 28, 2021 . 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American fashion designer This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alabama_Chanin&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( December 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Natalie " Alabama " Chanin is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) from Florence, Alabama (/wiki/Florence,_Alabama) . [1] (#cite_note-1) From 1976 until its closure in 2005, Tee-Jays Manufacturing was one of the largest employers in the Florence textile industry. Chanin's business now operates as a clothing manufacturer on the grounds of the former Tee-Jays company [2] (#cite_note-2) and is now a part of the zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) movement. Her design company uses organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) fabric in their designs. Chanin's " open source (/wiki/Open-source_model) " philosophy means that patterns and techniques for some of her garments are openly available through books and workshops. [3] (#cite_note-NEARTS-3) Early life and education [ edit ] Natalie "Alabama" Chanin was born and raised in Florence, Alabama. At the age of ten, she and her mom moved to Chattanooga. She has a degree in Environmental Design (/wiki/Environmental_Design) with a focus on industrial and craft-based textiles from North Carolina State University (/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University) . [3] (#cite_note-NEARTS-3) After graduation, Chanin worked in the junior sportswear industry on New York's Seventh Avenue (/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)) , before moving abroad. For the next decade, she worked as a stylist, costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , and filmmaker, all while traveling the globe. Inspiration [ edit ] Chanin draws inspiration from her academic studies, including ideas about color as espoused by Josef and Anni Albers (/wiki/Anni_Albers) , the Bauhaus artists who fled Nazi Germany for Asheville, North Carolina, in 1933 to teach at Black Mountain College (/wiki/Black_Mountain_College) . Southern literature and stories have always been a love of hers. Growing up, her grandmother sewed every garment her children wore as well as Chanin's, while also gardening and cooking fresh food. This led to her naturally making a community of her own through Alabama Chanin. [4] (#cite_note-You_Can_Make_It_There-4) Career [ edit ] Project Alabama [ edit ] Chanin came back to her hometown of Florence, Alabama in 2000 and developed an idea to create a small line of two-hundred unique t-shirts. Chanin decided her hometown was the only place able to envision her idea of reconstructing vintage shirts with detailed stitches, like that of a quilting stitch from the Depression era. This started the development of Project Alabama , which consisted of a twenty-two-minute documentary called Stitch , the two-hundred limited hand-sewn and hand-mended t-shirts, and a hand-made catalog. After taking the collection to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to showcase at the Hotel Chelsea (/wiki/Hotel_Chelsea) , it was immediately recognized by buyers from department stores including Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) . [5] (#cite_note-Five_Minutes_with_Natalie_Chanin-5) With its successful launch, Project Alabama became a full production facility. In 2006, Chanin separated from her original business partner, while production moved abroad to India. [6] (#cite_note-6) Alabama Chanin [ edit ] The making of the brand Alabama Chanin is the culmination of what Project Alabama symbolized. [5] (#cite_note-Five_Minutes_with_Natalie_Chanin-5) Alabama Chanin is rooted in the tenets of the Slow Design (/wiki/Slow_design) movement. Known for its "eco-chic" influences, Natalie launched the Alabama Chanin line in 2006. [7] (#cite_note-7) Tied with the slow design (/wiki/Slow_design) movement, Chanin is also known for being at the forefront of the zero-waste (/wiki/Zero-waste) movement by trying to implement sustainable solutions through her brand. Historical evidence reveals indigenous people, Egyptian kaftans (/wiki/Kaftans) , and Pre-industrial society (/wiki/Pre-industrial_society) consciously tried to make garments without any excess waste. In the past, textiles were treated preciously as they were known for being scarce, which lead to their consciousness of waste. Whereas, after the Industrial Revolution (/wiki/Industrial_Revolution) , technological developments were able to increase production and lower costs, allowing for textile waste to be less of a concern. [8] (#cite_note-8) All the garments are made with either organic or recycled materials by the hand of local artisans. The company employs local women aged twenty to seventy, to help sew one-of-a-kind, handmade garments, preserving the region's dwindling tradition of quilting. Any waste fabric is used as an embellishment (/wiki/Embellishment) , patchwork (/wiki/Patchwork) , or appliqué (/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9) as a way of using the re-manufacturing (/wiki/Re-manufacturing) process. From low-value waist garments, the new products created here have value imbued through the skills of the workers and the story told through the label. Production operations [ edit ] Chanin originally sourced materials solely from local thrift stores, but with increased orders, the company began relying on bulk shipments from Salvation Army (/wiki/Salvation_Army) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Pieces are made from 100% organic cotton, often sewn by hand through a group of artisans using a cottage industry (/wiki/Cottage_industry) method of operation. [10] (#cite_note-10) Certified organic cotton jersey is sourced from select Texas farmers, then sent to North Carolina to be spun into thread, and then knitted in South Carolina before either returning to North Carolina to be dyed. If the garments are being dyed with indigo (/wiki/Indigo) , they go directly back to Florence where they are hand-dyed in a small dye house. At Building 14, Chanin's factory in Florence, workers cut, paint, and prepare for our artisans here in Florence. While machine-made garments are sewn in-house, hand-sewn garments are made out-of-house by select artisans. [4] (#cite_note-You_Can_Make_It_There-4) Every garment is numbered and signed by the artisan who constructs it. [11] (#cite_note-11) At an Alabama Chanin do-it-yourself women's sewing seminar at Blackberry Farm (/wiki/Blackberry_Farm_(Tennessee)) resort in Eastern Tennessee, Chanin stated, "During an average production run, Building 14 (Chanin's factory in Florence) can produce around 120 garments a day vs. the 120,000 dozen that were manufactured a day by Tee Jays, the company that once occupied the space". While garments can range from $248 to over $2,000, the company's goal is not to cater specifically to the wealthy. It is more about honest transparency of garment production and the value of quality handiwork and sweatshop-free clothing manufacturing. [4] (#cite_note-You_Can_Make_It_There-4) In 2015, she expanded the machine-made garments line to include a home goods collection. [12] (#cite_note-12) Factory + Cafe [ edit ] In 2018, Chanin opened Factory + Café in Florence which includes a café that has a menu developed by Yewande Komolafe (/wiki/Yewande_Komolafe) who is advising the café. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Collaborations [ edit ] Billy Reid and Alabama Chanin Cotton Project, 2012 Chanin teamed up with fellow neighbor and Florence, Alabama designer to plant a seven-acre field of cotton in Northwest Alabama. The project took two years of learning and slow anticipation that has come full circle with their limited run of 100% Alabama grown and sewn organic Cotton Project Tees, sold in stores and online by both Billy Reid (/wiki/Billy_Reid_(fashion_designer)) and Alabama Chanin. [15] (#cite_note-15) Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi, 2016 Alabama Chanin led a study to serve as an oral history of sewing in the region Awards [ edit ] One out of Ten Companies Chosen by the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) /Vogue Fashion Fund, 2005 Finalist, Cooper Hewitt National Design Awards (/wiki/National_Design_Awards) for Fashion, 2005 Winner, Council of Fashion Designers in America/Lexus Eco-Fashion Challenge, 2013 Published works [ edit ] Alabama Stitch Book , 2008 Alabama Studio Style , 2010 Alabama Studio Sewing + Design: A Guide to Hand-Sewing an Alabama Chanin Wardrobe , 2012 Alabama Studio Sewing Patterns: A Guide to Customizing a Hand-Stitched Alabama Chanin Wardrobe , 2015 The Geometry of Hand-Sewing , 2017 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) About (http://alabamachanin.com/natalie-chanin) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141208074957/http://alabamachanin.com/natalie-chanin) December 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) alabamachanin.com ^ (#cite_ref-2) Mills and Textiles 1950 and Beyond (http://florencehistory.org/mills-and-textiles-1950-and-beyond/) ^ Jump up to: a b Natalie Chanin (https://arts.gov/NEARTS/2014v2-story-our-culture-arists-place-community/natalie-chanin) arts.gov ^ Jump up to: a b c You Can Make It There (https://bittersoutherner.com/alabama-chanin#.XpNz_i2ZPwd) ^ Jump up to: a b Five Minutes with Natalie Chanin (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/five-minutes-with-natalie-chan/) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Clark, Hazel (2008). "SLOW + FASHION—an Oxymoron—or a Promise for the Future …?" (https://doi.org/10.2752/175174108X346922) . Fashion Theory . 12 (4): 427–446. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2752/175174108X346922 (https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175174108X346922) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Luxe for less, Style Spy, March 2014 Southern Living FL6 (http://www.polishedpigmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Southern-Living-Mar-2014-A-Chanin_new.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150122191109/http://www.polishedpigmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Southern-Living-Mar-2014-A-Chanin_new.pdf) January 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) polishedpigmedia.com ^ (#cite_ref-8) Precious Cut: Exploring Creative Pattern Cutting and Draping for Zero-Waste Design doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/17543266.2017.1389997 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17543266.2017.1389997) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Design for Cyclability: Pro-active approaches for maximising material recovery (https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c6bd/8950fd3c54e5e0b47a67a2b34db60632aa1c.pdf?_ga=2.21702907.1349029681.1586642158-856538350.1586642158) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Alabama Chanin: a cottage industry success story (https://blog.etsy.com/en/2012/alabama-chanin-a-cottage-industry-success-story/) etsy.com ^ (#cite_ref-11) Five Minutes with Natalie Chanin (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/five-minutes-with-natalie-chan/.) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Alabama Chanin's first home collection" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/22/garden/alabama-chanins-first-home-collection-in-more-than-seven-years.html) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) January 21, 2015 ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Alabama Chanin, brainchild of fashion designer Natalie Chanin, opens Factory + Cafe in Florence (photos)" (https://www.al.com/business/2014/01/alabama_chanin_brainchild_of_f.html) . al . January 18, 2014 . Retrieved August 22, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) December 1, Hillary; Pm, 2013 at 10:46 (November 27, 2013). "WINTER VEGETABLES + A RECIPE" (https://journal.alabamachanin.com/2013/11/winter-vegetables-and-a-recipe/) . Alabama Chanin \| Journal . Retrieved August 22, 2021 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Billy Reid and Alabama Chanin Cotton Project (https://www.billyreid.com/blog/billy-reid-alabama-chanin-cotton-project/) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.alabamachanin.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f856f9b8b‐vswhn Cached time: 20240716044908 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.274 seconds Real time usage: 0.541 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 798/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14348/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 755/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22755/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.160/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4254191/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 508.634 1 -total 32.81% 166.887 1 Template:Short_description 28.61% 145.535 1 Template:Reflist 20.37% 103.593 5 Template:Main_other 19.79% 100.651 1 Template:SDcat 18.23% 92.745 1 Template:Official_website 16.89% 85.900 1 Template:Cite_journal 11.78% 59.893 1 Template:Advert 10.78% 54.808 1 Template:Ambox 10.04% 51.080 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42521092-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716044908 and revision id 1229288723. 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Dress designed by Nur Jahan Nur Jahan Nurmahali dress is an inexpensive wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) with brocade (/wiki/Brocade) , the introduction of which has been attributed to Nur Jahan (/wiki/Nur_Jahan) (1577–1645). She designed many dresses; the Noormahali marriage dress was one of them. The dress was for poor people, a set for bride and brides groom was priced at only 25 rupees. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The dress is still in use. [5] (#cite_note-5) See also [ edit ] Mughal clothing (/wiki/Mughal_clothing) Farsh-i-chandani (/wiki/Farsh-i-chandani) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Findly, Ellison Banks (1993-03-25). Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India . Oxford University Press. p. 222. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-536060-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Misra, Rekha (1967). Women in Mughal India, 1526-1748 A.D. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 122. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-215-0347-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Malika V: Nur Jahan - AramcoWorld" (https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/November-2016/Malika-V-Nur-Jahan) . www.aramcoworld.com . Retrieved 2021-01-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ojha, P. N. (1979). Glimpses of Social Life in Mughal India . Classical Publications. p. 21. ^ (#cite_ref-5) ''In the chapter he devotes to the empress, he notes that she bestowed gifts of clothing, jewels, horses, elephants, and cash ... designed an inexpensive style of wedding dress, still used today by brides of poorer families and called a Nur Mahali.'' Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jehanbooks.google.co.in › books Ruby Lal · 2018 https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Empress/ijpnDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Nurmahali+dress&pg=PT116&printsec=frontcover (https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Empress/ijpnDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Nurmahali+dress&pg=PT116&printsec=frontcover) v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown 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(/wiki/Turban) Stitching and design Embroidery of India (/wiki/Embroidery_of_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Chikankari (/wiki/Chikan_(embroidery)) Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka_fabric) Gota (/wiki/Gota_(embroidery)) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Kantha (/wiki/Kantha) Kasuti (/wiki/Kasuti) Khadi (/wiki/Khadi) Muslin (/wiki/Muslin) Nakshi (/wiki/Nakshi_kantha) Phulkari (/wiki/Phulkari) Rajshahi silk (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Shisha (/wiki/Shisha_(embroidery)) Zardozi (/wiki/Zardozi) Zari (/wiki/Zari) Footwear Jutti (/wiki/Jutti) Kholapuri (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Mojari (/wiki/Sindhi_Mojari) Paduka (/wiki/Paduka) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit 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Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Coin purse (/wiki/Coin_purse) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Cummerbund (/wiki/Cummerbund) Gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters) Glasses (/wiki/Glasses) Gloves (/wiki/Glove) Headband (/wiki/Headband) Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Livery (/wiki/Livery) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Pocket protector (/wiki/Pocket_protector) Pocket watch (/wiki/Pocket_watch) Sash (/wiki/Sash) Spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) Sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) Suspenders (/wiki/Suspenders) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Watch (/wiki/Watch) Dress codes (/wiki/Dress_code) Western (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) white tie (/wiki/White_tie) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Related Clothing fetish (/wiki/Clothing_fetish) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Costume 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(Redirected from Draft:Max Kibardin (/w/index.php?title=Draft:Max_Kibardin&redirect=no) ) Russian artist & fashion designer (born 1976) Max Kibardin Max Kibardin, Chief Creative Officer, Bruno Magli F/W 2013 Born 1976 (age 47–48) Russia Nationality Italian Education Fashion Design, Istituto Marangoni Milan Website www (http://www.maxkibardin.com) .maxkibardin (http://www.maxkibardin.com) .com (http://www.maxkibardin.com) Max Kibardin (born 1976, Russia) is an artist, fashion designer and creative director based in Lugano (/wiki/Lugano) , Switzerland. Kibardin is best known for his women's and men's fashion accessories brand ‘Max Kibardin' which has shown at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_week) . His work for, and collaborations with, Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) , Alex Murray-Leslie (/wiki/Chicks_on_Speed) (Chicks On Speed), Cameron Silver (/wiki/Cameron_Silver) (Decades), Brian Kenny (/wiki/Brian_Kenny_(artist)) , Iké Udé (/wiki/Ik%C3%A9_Ud%C3%A9) , Noa Shadur, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) , Swarovski Elements (/wiki/Swarovski) , Mawi Keivom, Ralph Rucci (/wiki/Ralph_Rucci) , Reem Acra (/wiki/Reem_Acra) , Gilles Mendel, Furla (/wiki/Furla) , TOD's Group (/wiki/Tod%27s) , Pringle of Scotland (/wiki/Pringle_of_Scotland) , Bruno Magli (/wiki/Bruno_Magli) and Caruso menswear are well known. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Early life and education [ edit ] Kibardin studies Industrial Design and in the late 1990s is discovered by Karl Lagerfeld to model for L’Uomo Vogue. Modelling allows him to travel around the world, enter and understand fashion industry, enough to follow his passion, move to Milan to study Fashion Design at Marangoni Institute. [11] (#cite_note-11) Career [ edit ] Kibardin opens his studio in Milan (/wiki/Milan) in 2004. Since then he collaborates with different lifestyle companies, doing runway shows in New York and London. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) The following year Kibardin establishes his eponymous design house. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2006, Kibardin has the opportunity to meet and present his work to Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) , editor-in-chief of Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2007, finalist of Vogue Italia 'WHO IS ON NEXT?', Kibardin is co-branding with Furla. Through 2007 and 2008 'Max Kibardin for Furla', the footwear and accessories line, is distributed worldwide in Furla flagship stores. After the first season Kibardin is appointed footwear creative director of Furla. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) The same year Kibardin's line is recognized by Footwear News (Condenast USA and Fairchild Fashion Media) with Vivian Infantino Emerging Talent Award. [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2009, Kibardin is the winner in the accessories category of the first edition of 'WHO IS ON NEXT? UOMO' by Pitti Immagine (/wiki/Pitti_Immagine) and Vogue Italia. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In summer 2009, Britney Spears performed in Max Kibardin custom made shoes in her worldwide ‘Circus’ Tour. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2010, while the Milanese designer is personally involved in the creative direction of different companies, his studio develops and manages several co-branding projects. 'Max Kibardin for Ralph Rucci', 'Max Kibardin for J. Mendel' and 'Max Kibardin for Pringle of Scotland' are to name a few. [27] (#cite_note-27) In 2011, Kibardin is appointed Chief Creative Officer of Bruno Magli. Kibardin involves and collaborates with various artists, designers and photographers to help him relaunch the brand. In the consequent 3 years Kibardin has repositioned Bruno Magli with focus on US, Japan and digital channels such as Net-a-Porter (/wiki/YOOX_Net-a-Porter_Group) . [28] (#cite_note-28) Also in 2011, Kibardin designs the shoes for Rihanna ‘Loud’ worldwide tour. [29] (#cite_note-29) In 2015, Kibardin's work is included in 'The New Vocabulary of Italian Fashion', exhibition at Triennale (/wiki/Triennale) Milano. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) In 2022 Italian menswear brand Caruso, controlled by Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin) Group, has announced the appointment of Max Kibardin as creative director. [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) Art projects [ edit ] E-Shoe [ edit ] The E-Shoe, the world's first wireless High heeled shoe guitar, is created by Chicks on Speed and Max Kibardin. These shoes were first unveiled alongside Chicks on Speed's ever growing collection of self made ‘Objekt Instruments” - at “Chicks on Speed don´t Art, Music; Fashion” Dundee Contemporary Arts; Sonar Festival of Advanced Music, Barcelona; “It´s Not Only Rock and Roll baby”, Trienale, Milan; Kate Macgarry Gallery, London; Victoria & Albert Museum in London as part of the Power of Making exhibition. Mario Testino took the famous photo of Kate Moss naked wearing the shoe guitar for the anniversary issue of Vogue Brazil. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) Behind the Shoes [ edit ] Behind the Shoes is the result of Kibardin's collaboration with Iké Udé, Nigerian artist who lives and works in New York. Inspired by Beyond Decorum, the fundamental piece by Udé, Kibardin designs six pairs of classic men's shoes in clear plastic with embroidered silk insoles. In 2010 Pitti Discovery Foundation selects Kibardin to present a world premiere of his Behind the Shoes project. Kibardin poses twice wearing the classic gray dress of the artist. In the first portrait the dress is perfectly buttoned and impeccable, in the other Kibardin jokingly exposes the wonder of human contradictions. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) Limited / Unlimited [ edit ] In the occasion of Altaroma, the 'LIMITED / UNLIMITED' exhibition, conceived by Silvia Venturini Fendi, dedicated to designers working in crossover between craftsmanship and contemporary design, Kibardin designs in collaboration with Swarovski Elements a pair of avant-garde neo-couture stilettos studded with crystals and silicone spikes. [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) Menswear Swarovski Elements [ edit ] In 2011, within Milan Menswear Shows, Swarovski Elements and L'Uomo Vogue, invite 16 high-end menswear brands to create, working with crystals, according to individual approaches and visions, a complete outfit or accessory. Kibardin designs a pair of jewelry-studded graffiti city-slippers. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) Barbie [ edit ] In 2015, together with creative team in the Design Centre of Mattel Kibardin designs Mia Farrow inspired Barbie doll complete with accessories for Vogue Italia Global Beauty Project. [48] (#cite_note-48) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Nelson, Karin. "The New Normal" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/comfortable-shoes-max-kibardin-edgardo-osorio-gianvito-rossi) . W Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Rihanna Shoe Designer Max Kibardin Talks Versace Influences" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180412150739/http://www.mtv.com/news/2514490/rihanna-shoe-designer-max-kibardin/) . MTV News . Archived from the original (http://www.mtv.com/news/2514490/rihanna-shoe-designer-max-kibardin/) on April 12, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "From Punk to Pringle: Max Kibardin - Interview Magazine" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/pringle-max-kibardin) . Interview Magazine . 2011-01-05. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "First Steps: Max Kibardin's New Collection for Bruno Magli" (https://www.vogue.com/article/first-steps-max-kibardin-new-collection-for-bruno-magli) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "First Look: Mawi and Bruno Magli's Bejeweled Shoes and Accessories" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/accessories/news/a22571/mawi-bruno-magli-accessories/) . ELLE . 2012-12-05. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "CEO Talk \| Paolo Fontanelli, Chief Executive Officer, Furla" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/ceo-talk/ceo-talk-paolo-fontanelli-chief-executive-officer-furla) . The Business of Fashion . 2009-05-04. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Naziri, Jessica (2011-06-27). "Fashion with a Function" (https://www.cnbc.com/2011/06/27/Fashion-with-a-Function.html) . CNBC . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Google Patents" (https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Max+Kibardin) . patents.google.com . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Finanza, MF Milano (2023-12-22). "Caruso chiama Max Kibardin alla direzione creativa - MilanoFinanza News" (https://www.milanofinanza.it/fashion/caruso-chiama-max-kibardin-alla-direzione-creativa-202312221649181440) . MF Milano Finanza (in Italian) . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) WW, FashionNetwork com. "Caruso: Max Kibardin is the new creative director" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Caruso-max-kibardin-is-the-new-creative-director,1591087.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Sole Man: Milan-based Designer Max Kibardin Comes to America" (https://www.vogue.com/article/sole-man-milan-based-designer-max-kibardin-comes-to-america) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Menkes, Suzy (2014-02-21). "In Milan, a Mix of Fashion and Art" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/22/fashion/in-milan-arthur-arbesser-mixes-fashion-and-art.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Carreon, Blue (2012-08-09). "A Conversation With Shoe Designer Max Kibardin" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/blue-carreon/max-kibardin_b_1758529.html) . Huffington Post . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Turra, Alessandra (2012-02-27). "Footwear Label Bruno Magli to Launch RTW" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/more-than-shoes-5742895/) . WWD . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Mango, Silvia (2012-10-30). Tre cuori e un bebè . Società Editoriale ARPANet. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788874261802 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Campion, Alexander (2012-06-26). Killer Critique . Kensington Publishing Corp. p. 201. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780758278739 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Huey, Sue; Proctor, Rebecca (2011-04-13). New Shoes: Contemporary Footwear Design . Laurence King Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781856697675 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Walford, Jonathan (2010). Shoes A-Z: Designers, Brands, Manufacturers and Retailers . Thames & Hudson. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780500515266 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "L'intervista di 'Prima' a Franca Sozzani \| Prima Comunicazione" (https://www.primaonline.it/2016/12/22/251739/lintervista-di-franca-sozzani-a-prima/) . Prima Comunicazione (in Italian). 2016-12-22. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Max Kibardin" (https://www.drapersonline.com/people/my-fashion-life/max-kibardin) . Drapers . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "La meglio gioventù: Max Kibardin for Furla" (https://www.elle.com/it/moda/tendenze/news/a833005/la-meglio-gioventu-max-kibardin-for-furla/) . ELLE (in Italian). 2007-10-10. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "It's a shoe-in!" (https://www.ft.com/content/63a9845a-3ae3-11e0-8d81-00144feabdc0) . Financial Times . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Turra, Alessandra (2011-12-12). "Max Kibardin Takes on Magli" (https://footwearnews.com/2011/business/news/max-kibardin-takes-on-magli-139996/) . Footwear News . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Pitti Fondazione Discovery - The WINNERS OF THE FIRST EDITION" (https://www.pittimmagine.com/corporate/fairs/uomo/events/2010/behindtheshoes.html) . www.pittimmagine.com . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Campbell, Christopher (2009-06-19). "At Pitti Uomo: Who's next?" (https://www.gq.com/story/at-pitti-uomo-whos-next) . GQ . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Danieli, Ilaria; Chiesa, Rosa (2010-10-13). Scarpe!: I modelli che hanno fatto la storia della moda (in Italian). Rizzoli. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788858605301 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "New collaborations for Kibardin" (https://www.vogue.it/en/talents/contests-and-more/2011/05/new-collaborations-for-kibardin) . Vogue Italia (in Italian). ^ (#cite_ref-28) Nelson, Karin. "Kick Starter" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/max-kibardin-for-bruno-magli-fall-collection) . W Magazine . Retrieved 2018-06-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Schneider-Levy, Kristen Henning,Barbara (2011-06-13). "Insider: Rihanna Steps Out in Kibardin… Aye Eye, Toms" (https://footwearnews.com/2011/influencers/power-players/insider-rihanna-steps-out-in-kibardin-aye-eye-toms-62033/) . Footwear News . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-30) "In Triennale "Il Nuovo Vocabolario della Moda Italiana" - Panorama" (https://www.panorama.it/cultura/arte-idee/in-triennale-il-nuovo-vocabolario-della-moda-italiana/) . Panorama (in Italian). 2015-11-20. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Bertola, Paola; Linfante, Vittorio (2015). Il nuovo vocabolario della moda italiana (in Italian). Mandragora. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9788874612857 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Turra, Alessandra (2015-11-23). "Exhibition on the New Italian Fashion Guard to Open in Milan" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/exhibition-new-italian-fashion-guard-milan-triennale-deisgn-museum-10284756/) . WWD . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Zargani, Luisa (2024-01-12). "Men's Tailoring: More Than a Fashion Trend for Italian Brands" (https://wwd.com/menswear-news/mens-designer-luxury/mens-tailoring-more-than-fashion-trend-italian-brands-1236115095/) . WWD . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Max Kibardin nuovo direttore creativo di Caruso - Moda - Ansa.it" (https://www.ansa.it/canale_lifestyle/notizie/moda/2023/12/27/max-kibardin-nuovo-direttore-creativo-di-caruso_8a1b0ae6-e77c-43e7-835a-457e2c190a69.html) . Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 2023-12-27 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Luxus-Menswear: "Es ist ein Labor der Exzellenz" (https://www.textilwirtschaft.de/business/news/luxus-menswear-es-ist-ein-labor-der-exzellenz-243136) " (https://www.textilwirtschaft.de/business/news/luxus-menswear-es-ist-ein-labor-der-exzellenz-243136) . www.textilwirtschaft.de (in German) . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "ricavi raddoppiati in due anni : Dalle nuove assunzioni a Max Kibardin come direttore creativo: i piani di Caruso per la crescita" (https://www.fashionmagazine.it/business/il-fatturato-sale-a-40-milioni-ricavi-raddoppiati-nuove-assunzioni-in-fabbrica-e-max-kibardin-come-direttore-creativo-cos-caruso-rinasce-dopo-il-covid-112829) . www.fashionmagazine.it (in Italian) . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Max Kibardin & Chicks On Speed at V&A - Vogue.it" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/contests-and-more/2011/09/max-kibardin-and-chicks-on-speed-) (in Italian) . Retrieved 2018-05-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "The E-Shoe - Vogue.it" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/contests-and-more/2010/11/max-kibardin-e-shoe) (in Italian). ^ (#cite_ref-39) Logan, Melissa; Murray-Leslie, Alex (2010-10-01). Don't Art, Fashion, Music: Chicks on Speed . Harry N. Abrams. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781861543196 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Menkes, Suzy (2010). "Eco, Techno — and Classico" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/16/fashion/16iht-rnotify.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Dazed (2010-01-21). "Behind the Shoes" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/6312/1/behind-the-shoes) . Dazed . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Repubblica. "Sexy come uno stiletto" (http://temi.repubblica.it/seidimoda-pitti-immagine-ai0910/2010/01/14/sexy-come-uno-stiletto-2/?refresh_ce) . Speciale Pitti Immagine AI 2009-2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "aRUDE Magazine - Style Issue" (https://issuu.com/arudemag/docs/final_arude_magazine_) . Issuu . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Limited/Unlimited - Vogue.it" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/news/2011/08/limited-unlimited) (in Italian). ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Rome's New Day - Interview Magazine" (https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/alta-moda-rome-summer-2011#slideshow_44768.10) . Interview Magazine . 2011-08-01. ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Stories: SWAROVSKI ELEMENTS X WORLD'S BEST MENSWEAR DESIGNERS" (http://www.sportswear-international.com/news/stories/SWAROVSKI-ELEMENTS-X-WORLDS-BEST-MENSWEAR-DESIGNERS-3834) . sportswear-international.com . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Swarovski Elements Brings the Sparkle to ... Menswear" (http://www.papermag.com/swarovski-elements-brings-the-sparkle-to-menswear-1425713412.html) . PAPER . 2011-01-12. ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Barbie Global Beauty - Vogue.it" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/news/2015/09/barbie-global-beauty#ad-image) (in Italian). External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.maxkibardin.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐cg9zk Cached time: 20240627211739 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.418 seconds Real time usage: 0.738 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3335/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 75894/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1362/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 170795/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.298/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6670556/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 450.473 1 -total 35.93% 161.851 31 Template:Cite_news 26.26% 118.302 1 Template:Infobox_artist 11.71% 52.734 1 Template:Short_description 7.40% 33.341 7 Template:Cite_book 7.08% 31.882 2 Template:Pagetype 6.43% 28.948 10 Template:Cite_web 5.27% 23.729 18 Template:Main_other 4.27% 19.255 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age 3.67% 16.515 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57210115-0!canonical and timestamp 20240627211739 and revision id 1231354667. 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British fashion historian (1902–1989) Doris Langley Moore OBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) Doris Langley Moore (photo by Lafayette, 1928) Born 1902 Lancashire (/wiki/Lancashire) , England Died 1989 Occupation Author, biographer, and fashion historian Subject Fashion history; Lord Byron Doris Langley Moore OBE (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (1902–1989), also known as Doris Langley-Levy Moore , was one of the first important female fashion historians. She founded the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) (as The Museum of Costume), in 1963. She was also a well-respected Lord Byron (/wiki/Lord_Byron) scholar, and author of a 1940s ballet, The Quest . As a result of these wide-ranging interests, she had many connections within fashionable, intellectual, artistic and theatrical circles. [1] (#cite_note-taylor-1) Early life and career [ edit ] Doris Langley Moore was born in 1902 in Lancashire (/wiki/Lancashire) , England. She was educated in South Africa, where her father was a newspaper editor (/wiki/Newspaper_editor) . At the age of 18, she returned to England to study classical languages (/wiki/Classical_languages) at university. [2] (#cite_note-child-2) In her twenties, Langley Moore wrote a few lifestyle books, one of which, The Technique of the Love Affair (1928), was reprinted in 1999/2002. This was a tongue-in-cheek self-help book (/wiki/Self-help_book) which suggested ways in which love affairs in the post-World War I era could be successfully conducted. [3] (#cite_note-liesl-3) Dorothy Parker (/wiki/Dorothy_Parker) , reviewing for The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) , commented: "The Technique of the Love Affair makes, I am bitterly afraid, considerable sense. If only it had been placed in my hands years ago, maybe I could have been successful instead of just successive." [4] (#cite_note-4) Subsequent books included Pandora's Letter-Box (1929) and, in 1933, co-written with her sister June, a guide for society hostesses called The Pleasure of your Company . Fashion collection [ edit ] Langley Moore was one of the first major female fashion historians and curators along with Anne Buck (/wiki/Anne_Buck) . In contrast to male fashion historians such as her friend James Laver (/wiki/James_Laver) and C. Willett Cunnington (/wiki/C._Willett_Cunnington) , Langley Moore favoured a hands-on object-based approach where she drew her conclusions after personally examining surviving artefacts. In 1949, she debunked the myth of the 18-inch (46 cm) waist, which almost all Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_era) women were supposed to have had, by measuring over 200 surviving dresses and bodices in collections across the country. Her survey revealed that the average 19th century waist measurement sat comfortably within the 20–30-inch (51–76 cm) range, and that almost none of her subjects had a waist measurement less than 21 inches (53 cm). [5] (#cite_note-woman-5) Her collection began with fashion plates (/wiki/Fashion_plate) in the early 1920s, and in 1928 she was given her first period dress. [6] (#cite_note-valerie-6) A 1963 Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) article about the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) , by Alison Adburgham (/wiki/Alison_Adburgham) described how this came about: "It was Christmas 1928 and her mother-in-law produced some old dresses out of a trunk for charades. Lady Moore was so surprised that the seemingly shapeless figure of a young woman of the nineteen-twenties could fit into an elegantly waisted Parisian gown of 1877, that she told Doris she might keep it". [7] (#cite_note-Guardian_Adburgham_130563-7) Some while later, she found a period dress in a shop in Harrogate (/wiki/Harrogate) which she planned to adapt to wear herself. But, as she described it to Adburgham: "As my scissors hovered over the rich lilac damask, I suddenly knew that I was about to do wrong and, with extraordinary effects upon my whole subsequent life, I desisted...if one is born with the sort of acquisitiveness collectors are plagued with, to have two of anything is to set up a mysterious kind of compulsion to multiply". [7] (#cite_note-Guardian_Adburgham_130563-7) This led her to embark upon a dedicated quest for further examples of fashion and dress. Until about 1940, she actively sought out material to collect. [8] (#cite_note-bcc-8) Langley Moore had a large house in London, which she filled up with her collection, living in a small flat nearby. [1] (#cite_note-taylor-1) She recounted to Adburgham how her collection saw out the war (/wiki/World_War_II) in two barns in Berkshire (/wiki/Berkshire) , safe from bombs but not a nest-building hornet (/wiki/Hornet) . [7] (#cite_note-Guardian_Adburgham_130563-7) After the war, there was much greater interest in period clothing. Some of her costumes were borrowed by television companies, or were featured in exhibitions and charity fashion shows. This was when she began receiving gifts to add to her collection, both from unknown and well known people. [7] (#cite_note-Guardian_Adburgham_130563-7) Her collecting policy was firm: A good specimen is one which is not only in sound condition and of nice quality, but which embodies the features of its period in an entirely representative way. A good specimen is completely of its period. If it was ever meant to be fashionable, then it will carry with it still the aura of fashion. [8] (#cite_note-bcc-8) Establishment of the museum [ edit ] From 1949 onwards, Langley Moore actively sought to establish a museum dedicated to fashion in the United Kingdom. Apart from the Gallery of Costume (/wiki/Gallery_of_Costume) in Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) , opened in 1947, there were no museums in England (and very few worldwide) dedicated solely to dress. [1] (#cite_note-taylor-1) [6] (#cite_note-valerie-6) In her Proposal for a Museum of Costume, Langley Moore laid out her wishes for an institution which offered facilities for the study of costume, not simply of the past, but also contemporary fashion, and offered displays of both historical and up-to-date fashion. [6] (#cite_note-valerie-6) Fundraising began in earnest, and one of the chief triumphs of the campaign was when Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) brought his couture collection and house mannequins (/wiki/Fashion_model) to the Savoy Hotel (/wiki/Savoy_Hotel) in London, hosting a fashion show in aid of Langley Moore's museum fund. [7] (#cite_note-Guardian_Adburgham_130563-7) Langley Moore's collection travelled to various locations during her search for a home for her museum. In 1955, an exhibition opened at Eridge Castle (/wiki/Eridge_Castle) in Kent; the opening was attended by the Queen Mother (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_the_Queen_Mother) who had followed Langley Moore's project with interest. [7] (#cite_note-Guardian_Adburgham_130563-7) It was also briefly displayed at the Royal Pavilion (/wiki/Royal_Pavilion) in Brighton (/wiki/Brighton) and the Octagon Chapel, Bath (/wiki/Octagon_Chapel,_Bath) . [6] (#cite_note-valerie-6) The collection was eventually donated to the City of Bath and found a home at the Bath Assembly Rooms (/wiki/Bath_Assembly_Rooms) , where it opened for the first time in 1963. [7] (#cite_note-Guardian_Adburgham_130563-7) BBC television series [ edit ] In 1957, Men, Women, and Clothes , the BBC's first colour series, [9] (#cite_note-9) was filmed, with Langley Moore presenting examples from her collection. Unfortunately, the BBC did not begin broadcasting colour programmes until eight years later, but Langley Moore invited the Queen Mother to come and watch the series at the BBC studios before it was aired to the public. A copy of the Queen Mother's thank-you letter to Langley Moore is online at the BBC website. [10] (#cite_note-10) Biographies [ edit ] In addition to her other interests, Langley Moore was a well-respected Byron (/wiki/Lord_Byron) scholar and wrote a number of books on Byron and his world. As well as a biography of Byron's legitimate daughter Ada Lovelace (/wiki/Ada_Lovelace) , Langley Moore wrote biographies of the author E. Nesbit (/wiki/E._Nesbit) , the 19th-century ballerina Carlotta Grisi (/wiki/Carlotta_Grisi) , and Marie Bashkirtseff (/wiki/Marie_Bashkirtseff) , the Russian artist, sculptor and diarist (/wiki/Diarist) . The title of this last book, Marie & the Duke of H , focused on Bashkirtseff's childhood infatuation with William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton (/wiki/William_Douglas-Hamilton,_12th_Duke_of_Hamilton) . Ballet [ edit ] Langley Moore shared Laver's passion for the theatre, ballet and the performing arts. During the Second World War, she wrote the scenario for a ballet, The Quest , which was choreographed by Frederick Ashton (/wiki/Frederick_Ashton) for Sadler's Wells (/wiki/The_Royal_Ballet) and set to music by William Walton (/wiki/William_Walton) , with costumes and sets by John Piper (/wiki/John_Piper_(artist)) . [11] (#cite_note-barnes-11) [12] (#cite_note-quest-12) Langley Moore based her story upon Edmund Spenser (/wiki/Edmund_Spenser) 's epic allegorical poem The Faerie Queene (/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene) . The Quest premiered on 6 April 1943 at the New Theatre (/wiki/New_Theatre_(London)) in London. The ballet provided Moira Shearer (/wiki/Moira_Shearer) with her first created role (Pride) for the company. [13] (#cite_note-13) The cast also included Margot Fonteyn (/wiki/Margot_Fonteyn) , who created the role of Una, Beryl Grey (/wiki/Beryl_Grey) , and Robert Helpmann (/wiki/Robert_Helpmann) . Later life [ edit ] Langley Moore remained closely involved with the Museum of Costume after its opening. In addition to this, she continued her work on Byron, publishing three books in the 1970s, including a biography of Byron's daughter, Ada Lovelace. She died in 1989. Honours [ edit ] Langley Moore was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (OBE) in the 1971 Birthday Honours (/wiki/1971_Birthday_Honours) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Selected works [ edit ] Film wardrobe [ edit ] The African Queen (/wiki/The_African_Queen_(film)) (1951) (Wardrobe for Katharine Hepburn (/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn) ) [ citation needed ] Freud: The Secret Passion (/wiki/Freud_(film)) (1962) Titles on fashion history [ edit ] The Woman in Fashion (London, 1949) The Child in Fashion (London, 1953) Fashion Through Fashion Plates 1771–1971 (London, 1971) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7063-1805-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7063-1805-6) Gallery of Fashion 1790–1822: from Plates by Heideloff & Ackermann (1949) Titles on Lord Byron [ edit ] The Great Byron Adventure (1959) The Late Lord Byron: Posthumous Dramas (1961) Lord Byron (1971) Lord Byron Accounts Rendered (1974) Ada, Countess of Lovelace (1977) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-06-013012-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-013012-1) Other biographies [ edit ] E. Nesbit (1933) Carlotta Grisi (1947) Marie & the Duke of H: The Daydream Love Affair of Marie Bashkirtseff (1966) Other [ edit ] The Technique of the Love Affair (1928, reprinted 1999, 2002) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7858-1615-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-1615-1) Pandora's Letter-Box: Being a Discourse on Fashionable Life (1929) A Winter's Passion (1932) The Unknown Eros (1935) The Pleasure of Your Company: A Textbook of Hospitality (with June Langley Moore) (1933) The Vulgar Heart: An Enquiry into the Sentimental Tendencies of Public Opinion (1945) Not At Home (1948) All Done by Kindness (1951) A Game of Snakes and Ladders (1955) My Caravaggio Style (1959) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Taylor, Lou, Establishing Dress History , chapter 4 (Manchester, 2003) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7190-6639-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-6639-5) ^ (#cite_ref-child_2-0) Langley Moore, Doris, The Child in Fashion (author notes) (London, 1953) ^ (#cite_ref-liesl_3-0) Schillinger, Liesl, The Lost Art of the Love Affair (https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/02/14/bookend/bookend.html) , The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , 14 February 1999. Accessed 27 January 2010) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Prose, Francine (22 February 1999). "Hanky-Panky Then and Now (And in Our Nation's Capital)" (https://observer.com/1999/02/hankypanky-then-and-now-and-in-our-nations-capital/) . The New York Observer . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-woman_5-0) Langley Moore, Doris, The Woman in Fashion , (Introduction) (London, 1949) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cumming, Valerie, Understanding Fashion History , chapter 3 (London, 2004) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7134-8875-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-8875-1) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Adburgham, Alison (13 May 1963). "Museum of Costume at Bath". The Guardian . ^ Jump up to: a b Bath City Council, Bath Assembly Rooms and the Museum of Costume , p. 19. Quoted by Taylor, Lou, Establishing Dress History , chapter 4 (Manchester, 2003) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7190-6639-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-6639-5) ^ (#cite_ref-9) " (https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/whatwewore/5607.shtml) 'Men, Women and Clothes: How Fashions Come and Go' (1957)" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/whatwewore/5607.shtml) . BBC . Retrieved 22 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Letter from Clarence House about 'Men, Women and Clothes' (28 March 1957)" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/whatwewore/5617.shtml) . BBC . Retrieved 22 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-barnes_11-0) Barnes, Clive. A word or two for design (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1083/is_10_82/ai_n31038950/) , Dance Magazine , October 2008. Accessed 6 February 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-quest_12-0) Priory, Hugh, Review of The Quest/The Wise Virgins (http://www.naxos.com/mainsite/blurbs_reviews.asp?item_code=8.555868&catNum=555868&filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English) . Accessed 6 February 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Kisselgoff, Anna, Obiturary for Moira Shearer (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/02/arts/02shearer.html) , The New York Times , 2 February 2006. Accessed 6 February 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-14) United Kingdom list: "No. 45384" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/45384/supplement/5967) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 4 June 1971. p. 5967. External links [ edit ] Doris Langley Moore credits and biography at IMDb (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0601139/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1723027/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000120322769) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/106988535) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCPjQGwGmJwhKWrtxCcP) National Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1370865) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12771887f) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12771887f) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/120628074) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007279186405171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50066835) Sweden (https://libris.kb.se/gdsvqvg002bh9x5) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990005807&CON_LNG=ENG) Australia (https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35166882) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074062298) Portugal (http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1553275) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/99953347-cb59-4047-82d6-2832b8ac5fcc) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gm9vdh) IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/185082300) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐b8bff7599‐57bww Cached time: 20240717103021 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.535 seconds Real time usage: 0.795 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3434/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32556/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2934/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 22/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45060/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.332/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7979079/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 729.810 1 -total 24.01% 175.230 1 Template:Short_description 21.09% 153.949 1 Template:Authority_control 16.37% 119.463 13 Template:Main_other 14.56% 106.294 1 Template:SDcat 10.45% 76.287 6 Template:ISBN 9.34% 68.137 2 Template:Cite_news 9.19% 67.053 1 Template:Infobox_writer 8.33% 60.784 1 Template:Infobox 7.72% 56.354 6 Template:Catalog_lookup_link Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25962976-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717103021 and revision id 1215463476. 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Portrait of King Casimir III the Great (/wiki/Casimir_III_the_Great) wearing the "Homagial Crown" The Homagial Crown ( Polish (/wiki/Polish_language) : Korona Homagialna ), also known under its Latin (/wiki/Latin) name as the Corona Homagialis , was a part of the Polish Crown Jewels (/wiki/Polish_Crown_Jewels) . [1] (#cite_note-crowns_angelfire-1) It was mentioned for the first time in the 15th century in the inventory of the Wawel (/wiki/Wawel) Royal Treasury. It was probably the coronation crown of Władysław II Jagiełło (/wiki/Jogaila) . [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] In the 15th century crown inventories of treasures of Wawel Castle (/wiki/Wawel_Castle) there appear two crowns called homagial , which are considered to have been the property of Jadwiga of Anjou (/wiki/Jadwiga_of_Poland) and Jogaila (/wiki/Jogaila) (Władysław II Jagiełło). [3] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-3) From the 16th century, the coronation regalia inventories mention only one of these insignia (attributed to Władysław II), the second was probably cashed. [3] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-3) This crown was worn by the Polish kings during the homage (/wiki/Homage_(feudal)) ceremony, replacing the Crown of Bolesław I the Brave (/wiki/Crown_of_Boles%C5%82aw_I_the_Brave) . It was used for the last time during a ceremony in Warsaw (/wiki/Warsaw) in 1764, when the king Stanisław August Poniatowski (/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski) received a tribute from Peter von Biron (/wiki/Peter_von_Biron) , Duke of Courland and Semigallia (/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia) . [3] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-3) The crown was stolen from Wawel Castle by Prussian troops in 1794 and found its place in the collection of the Hohenzollerns (/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern) in Berlin. [3] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-3) After 1809 it was destroyed and melted down, as was the case with the majority of Polish regalia. [1] (#cite_note-crowns_angelfire-1) [4] (#cite_note-4) The Homagial Crown was made of pure gold in the form of rims covered with a globe and a cross at their intersection. It consisted of nine segments, each crowned with heraldic fleur-de-lis (/wiki/Fleur-de-lis) , and decorated with rubies, sapphires and pearls. [3] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-3) In total there were 178 precious stones. [3] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-3) In the 18th century the crown was depicted in the portrait of Casimir III the Great (/wiki/Casimir_III_the_Great) by Marcello Bacciarelli (/wiki/Marcello_Bacciarelli) , painted to embellish the Marble Room at the Royal Castle in Warsaw (/wiki/Royal_Castle,_Warsaw) . [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Margaret Odrowaz-Sypniewska. "Poland's Crowns" (https://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/Crowns.html) . Angelfire (/wiki/Angelfire) . Retrieved 2009-02-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rożek 1987 (#CITEREFRożek1987) , pp. 49, 122 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Jerzy Lileyko (1987). Regalia Polskie (Polish Regalia) (in Polish). p. 90. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-03-02021-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Crown Treasury and Armoury" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090507233428/http://www.wawel.krakow.pl/en/index.php?op=8,1,5) . www.wawel.krakow.pl . Archived from the original (http://www.wawel.krakow.pl/en/index.php?op=8,1,5) on 2009-05-07 . Retrieved 2009-02-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Rożek 1987 (#CITEREFRożek1987) , p. 122 Bibliography [ edit ] Rożek, Michał (1987). Polskie koronacje i korony (Polish coronations and crowns) (in Polish). Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-03-01914-7 . Further reading [ edit ] Lileyko, Jerzy (1987). Regalia polskie (in Polish). Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-03-02021-8 . Miniewicz, Janusz (2006). Tajemnica polskich koron: czy jest szansa ich odnalezienia? (in Polish). Goldruk. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-924034-2-8 . 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American stylist and fashion designer (born 1974) Misa Hylton Born ( 1974-01-06 ) 6 January 1974 (age 50) [1] (#cite_note-1) Mount Vernon, New York (/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_New_York) , U.S. Other names Misa Hylton-Brim Occupation(s) Fashion stylist, designer Years active 1992–present Children 3 Misa Hylton (previously known as Misa Hylton-Brim ; born 6 January 1974) [2] (#cite_note-thr2019-2) is an American stylist and fashion designer. Known as a pioneer in the fashion industry, [3] (#cite_note-imaranezor-vibe2020-3) she has styled many hip-hop and R&B artists since the 1990s, most notably Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) and Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) . Hylton's style, referred to as "hip-hop glamorous," has been credited with influencing fashion trends in popular culture. Hylton is a global creative partner for MCM (/wiki/MCM_Worldwide) and was the centerpiece of the 2019 documentary The Remix: Hip Hop x Fashion (/wiki/The_Remix:_Hip_Hop_x_Fashion) . [4] (#cite_note-johnson-blackent2019-4) [3] (#cite_note-imaranezor-vibe2020-3) [5] (#cite_note-essence-2019-5) [6] (#cite_note-okwodu-vogue2016-6) Early life [ edit ] Hylton was raised in Mount Vernon (/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_New_York) , New York to a mother who is of Japanese and Jamaican heritage, and a father who is African American. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) She enjoyed fashion from a young age and was also a hip-hop fan. [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) Hylton listened to hip-hop radio stations and envisioned what the artists might be wearing. [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) Her future boyfriend, Sean "Puffy" Combs (/wiki/Sean_Combs) , also grew up in Mount Vernon and lived close to one of Hylton's childhood friends. [10] (#cite_note-10) Career beginnings [ edit ] Hylton began working in fashion when she was a 17-year-old high school student, [4] (#cite_note-johnson-blackent2019-4) when she assisted on a Jodeci (/wiki/Jodeci) music video. [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) Her boyfriend and A&R (/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire) intern, Sean Combs (/wiki/Sean_Combs) , invited her to the set, and together they convinced Uptown Records (/wiki/Uptown_Records) founder Andre Harrell (/wiki/Andre_Harrell) to let the group members wear combat boots, hoodies, and backwards hats. Combs later introduced her to other artists at Uptown Records, who became some of her first clients. [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) Hylton most notably dressed Lil' Kim (/wiki/Lil%27_Kim) and Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) , who she considered her muses. [2] (#cite_note-thr2019-2) She began to design clothes due to the difficulty she experienced finding clothes for Lil' Kim, who was 4'11" and wore size 4.5 shoes. [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) Hylton was the designer and stylist for the purple jumpsuit and pasty that Lil' Kim wore to the 1999 VMAs (/wiki/1999_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) . [2] (#cite_note-thr2019-2) [6] (#cite_note-okwodu-vogue2016-6) She stated that she focused on innovation and risk-taking with her early styles, and connected that pattern to being a member of the "hip hop generation". [4] (#cite_note-johnson-blackent2019-4) [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) Hylton took inspiration from The Wiz (/wiki/The_Wiz_(film)) for the fashion in Lil' Kim's "Crush on You" (/wiki/Crush_on_You_(Lil%27_Kim_song)) video. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) She also styled Lil' Kim for her solo debut album, Hard Core (/wiki/Hard_Core_(Lil%27_Kim_album)) . [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) When she was 21, Hylton founded Chyna Doll Enterprises and provided stylists for video shoots, magazine covers, and public appearance. [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) Chyna Doll Enterprises styled artists such as Aaliyah (/wiki/Aaliyah) , Faith Evans (/wiki/Faith_Evans) , Jodeci (/wiki/Jodeci) , Q-Tip (/wiki/Q-Tip_(musician)) , Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) , and Dru Hill (/wiki/Dru_Hill) . [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) By age 25 Hylton had made one million dollars as a stylist. [4] (#cite_note-johnson-blackent2019-4) Hylton has also styled Combs, Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) , 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) , La La Anthony (/wiki/La_La_Anthony) , Mase (/wiki/Mase) , Terrence Howard (/wiki/Terrence_Howard) , and Mary J. Blige in the " Not Gon' Cry (/wiki/Not_Gon%27_Cry) " video. [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) [4] (#cite_note-johnson-blackent2019-4) [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) She has spoken on the issues she faced as a young woman of color (/wiki/Woman_of_color) in the fashion world. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) The fashion her clients wore was referred to as " ghetto fabulous (/wiki/Ghetto_fabulous) ," which Hylton called "hip hop glam," and was not accepted by the mainstream fashion world. [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) She would purchase luxury fashion for her clients on her own credit card. [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) When Lil' Kim gained credibility after a MAC (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) campaign, Hylton's clients began to be courted by fashion houses such as Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) . [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) Hylton stated in an Billboard interview that one of her favorite brands to pull for [ clarification needed ] is Versace (/wiki/Versace) , in part because they featured Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) as a model when dark skinned models were rarely walked by major fashion houses (/wiki/Fashion_design) . [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) Hylton frequently collaborates with Dapper Dan (/wiki/Dapper_Dan_(designer)) . Together they created custom shorts for rapper Trina (/wiki/Trina) fabricated from twenty dollar bills, and styled the Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) Zucca print suits for the "Let's Get It" (/wiki/G._Dep_discography) music video. [12] (#cite_note-:3-12) Contemporary work [ edit ] In 2012 she opened Misa Hylton Fashion Academy with co-founder and stylist Jai Hudson. [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) Hylton starred in the documentary, The Remix: Hip Hop x Fashion (/wiki/The_Remix:_Hip_Hop_x_Fashion) , about the role of fashion in hip-hop. [2] (#cite_note-thr2019-2) The film premiered at the 2019 Tribeca Film Festival (/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival) . [14] (#cite_note-14) In February 2020, Harlem's Fashion Row honored Hylton, April Walker, and Dapper Dan (/wiki/Dapper_Dan_(designer)) for their contributions to the fashion industry. [3] (#cite_note-imaranezor-vibe2020-3) Hylton is a global creative partner for MCM (/wiki/MCM_Worldwide) . [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) In 2018, she designed the fashion in the " Apeshit (/wiki/Apeshit) " video by Beyonce and Jay-Z (/wiki/The_Carters) . [15] (#cite_note-petrarca-thecut2018-15) She designed custom MCM chaps and a western hat for Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) 's July 2019 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!) performance. [5] (#cite_note-essence-2019-5) Hylton also styled and provided fashion direction for Paper 's November 2020 Flo Milli (/wiki/Flo_Milli) editorial shoot, which included a custom denim bustier, panty, pasties, and headwrap. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2021, Hylton launched her INC fashion collection for Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) department stores. This was part of an 'Icons of Style' campaign run by the store to promote and showcase the work of Black American style-makers and designers, including Ouigi Theodore (/wiki/Ouigi_Theodore) and Zerina Akers (/wiki/Zerina_Akers) as well as Hylton. [17] (#cite_note-17) Impact [ edit ] Hylton frequently dressed clients in Western (/wiki/Western_(genre)) -inspired attire in the 90s, such as in Mary J. Blige's " All That I Can Say (/wiki/All_That_I_Can_Say) " music video. [18] (#cite_note-:1-18) The trend has been traced to the "Yeehaw" style of 2019. [18] (#cite_note-:1-18) She is credited with shaping the way women rappers dressed in the 90s, and those styles are thought to influence women artists today. [2] (#cite_note-thr2019-2) While women emcees of the 80s wore more masculine fashion, Hylton "encouraged girls in the game to celebrate their sexuality through fashion." [2] (#cite_note-thr2019-2) Celebrities such as Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) have referenced Lil' Kim, one of Hylton's key clients, as inspirations for their fashion sense. [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) 's gold chained headdress from the video " Money (/wiki/Money_(Cardi_B_song)) " and matching red fur and bob wig from " Backin it Up (/wiki/Backin%27_It_Up) " are traced to Hylton's selections for Lil' Kim. [20] (#cite_note-20) Hylton encouraged her first professional styling clients, Jodeci (/wiki/Jodeci) , to wear modern, casual clothing including hoodies and backwards hats instead of the de rigueur formal clothes and hard bottom shoes. [11] (#cite_note-Epaminondas-vibe2000-11) The look went on to influence R&B fashion and is said to remain a point of reference for contemporary artists. [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) [19] (#cite_note-:2-19) Personal life [ edit ] Hylton has three children: a son with rap mogul and producer Sean Combs (/wiki/Sean_Combs) , [9] (#cite_note-benton-billboard2017-9) and a son and daughter with ex-husband Jojo Brim. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) [21] (#cite_note-21) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "MISA HYLTON TURNED 42 IN 2016" (https://www.x.com/thebaddestmitch/status/1081432579860058112?s=46) . X . February 10, 2020 . Retrieved July 5, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Real, Evan (May 3, 2019). "Tribeca: Lil' Kim, Mary J. Blige Celebrate Stylist Misa Hylton at 'The Remix' Doc Premiere" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lil-kim-mary-j-blige-support-misa-hylton-at-remix-premiere-1207371) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Dapper Dan, Misa Hylton, April Walker Honored By Harlem's Fashion Row" (https://www.vibe.com/photos/harlems-fashion-row-nyfw-dapper-dan-misa-hylton-april-walker-event-recap) . Vibe . February 10, 2020 . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Misa Hylton: The Woman Who Redefined Hip-Hop and R&B Fashion" (https://www.blackenterprise.com/misa-hylton-hip-hop-fashion/) . Black Enterprise . January 3, 2019 . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Misa Hylton Designed A Custom MCM Look For Megan Thee Stallion" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/megan-thee-stallion-misa-hylton-mcm/) . Essence . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Okwodu, Janelle (August 28, 2016). "What It Takes to Make an Outrageous VMA Look Iconic" (https://www.vogue.com/article/5-most-outrageous-vma-2016-looks-stylists) . Vogue . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Stylist Misa Hylton on Her Most Iconic Career Moments" (https://coveteur.com/2020/08/10/misa-hylton-career/) . August 10, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Interview with Misa Hylton & Madison Star Brim" (https://hypebae.com/2019/9/misa-hylton-madison-star-brim-fashion-career-stylist-interview) . September 30, 2019. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Benton, Rashad (November 16, 2017). "Misa Hylton Championed Hip-Hop Style in the '90s: Now She's Got a New Mission" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lifestyle/8039207/misa-hylton-hip-hop-style-interview) . Billboard . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Donatelli, Jen Jones. (2014). Sean "Diddy" Combs . Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7660-5906-1 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1011182191 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1011182191) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Epaminondas, George (November 1, 2000). "BEHIND THE SEAMS HIP-HOP SHOPPER: As stylist to Lil' Kim, Mary J. Blige, and up-and-coming superstars like Nicole Wray, Misa Hylton-Brim has over-the-top dressing down". Vibe (/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Morton, Deana (November 12, 2018). "The stylist behind the ultimate 90s hip hop looks" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/42182/1/misa-hylton-interview-90s-hip-hop-stylist-lil-kim-hard-core-vmas) . Dazed . Retrieved August 1, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Fashion Image Architect Misa Hylton Sheds Light on Her Legacy" (https://hypebae.com/2019/9/misa-hylton-madison-star-brim-fashion-career-stylist-interview) . HYPEBAE . September 30, 2019 . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) McNary, Dave (July 21, 2020). "Film News in Brief: Gerard Butler Sci-fi Thriller 'Greenland' Delayed Again in U.S." (https://variety.com/2020/film/news/film-news-in-brief-3-1234711765/) Variety . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-petrarca-thecut2018_15-0) Petrarca, Emilia (June 18, 2018). "Here's Who Designed Each Look From Beyoncé and Jay-Z's 'Apesh*t' Video" (https://www.thecut.com/2018/06/beyonce-jay-z-apeshit-video-fashion-designers.html) . The Cut . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Scott, Nicolas-Tyrell (November 2, 2020). "Flo Milli Is Here for More Than a Moment" (https://www.papermag.com/flo-milli-misa-hylton-america-2648589130.html?rebelltitem=61#rebelltitem61?rebelltitem=61) . Paper . Retrieved November 2, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) News 12 staff (March 30, 2021). "Brooklyn man helps design clothes for Macy's 'Icons of Style' brand" (https://bronx.news12.com/brooklyn-man-helps-design-clothes-for-macy-s-icons-of-style-brand) . News 12 - The Bronx . Retrieved May 14, 2022 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Blacksher, Devine (May 9, 2019). "A Documentary About the Groundbreaking Women of Hip-Hop Fashion" (https://www.thecut.com/2019/05/the-ground-breaking-women-of-hip-hop-fashion.html) . The Cut . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Holmlund, Marcus (May 19, 2016). "Intimate Photos of '90s Hip-Hop's Biggest Stars, From the Woman Who Styled Them" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/19/t-magazine/entertainment/90s-hip-hop-stylist-misa-hylton.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved July 27, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Okwodu, Janelle (August 7, 2020). "In "WAP," Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion Take a Page from Lil' Kim's Playbook" (https://www.vogue.com/article/cardi-b-megan-thee-stallion-wap) . Vogue . Retrieved August 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) NDSmith (November 15, 2019). "Niko Brim Drops "Feds Watching," Reminds You Why He is The Next Up in His Hip-Hop Family" (https://thesource.com/2019/11/15/niko-brim-feds-watching/) . The Source . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . External links [ edit ] Misa Hylton (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1454737/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Misa Hylton (https://www.instagram.com/misahylton/?hl=en) on Instagram NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐cqrd4 Cached time: 20240715012409 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.450 seconds Real time usage: 0.630 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3075/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42193/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2214/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 85796/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.262/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7966777/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 590.141 1 -total 33.91% 200.139 1 Template:Reflist 25.40% 149.877 1 Template:Infobox_person 24.12% 142.320 15 Template:Cite_web 14.21% 83.849 1 Template:Huh 13.56% 80.044 1 Template:Fix-span 12.10% 71.400 1 Template:Short_description 7.98% 47.107 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 6.60% 38.948 2 Template:Pagetype 5.96% 35.150 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64646167-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715012409 and revision id 1234567761. 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British businessman (born 1961) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Johnnie Boden" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Johnnie+Boden%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Johnnie+Boden%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Johnnie+Boden%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Johnnie+Boden%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Johnnie+Boden%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Johnnie+Boden%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Johnnie Boden CBE (/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) Born John Peter Boden [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) ( 1961-06-01 ) 1 June 1961 (age 63) Nationality English Education Hawtreys (/wiki/Hawtreys) Eton College (/wiki/Eton_College) Alma mater Oriel College, Oxford (/wiki/Oriel_College,_Oxford) Notable work Founder of Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) Children 3 John Peter Boden CBE (/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (born 1 June 1961) is a British entrepreneur and founder of Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) , a catalogue clothing company, in 1991. [2] (#cite_note-BBC-2) Early life [ edit ] John Peter Boden was born on 1 June 1961 [ where? ] . His father [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) was a lieutenant colonel (/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)) who changed careers to become a farmer. [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) John Boden was educated at Hawtreys preparatory school, and then Eton College (/wiki/Eton_College) , and read philosophy, politics, and economics (/wiki/Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics) (PPE) at Oriel College, Oxford (/wiki/Oriel_College,_Oxford) . [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) Career [ edit ] At 16, he edited the menswear section of the 1977 Harpers & Queen Teenage Edition , but Boden's father was "dismissive", calling it a "stupid job". [3] (#cite_note-T-3) After leaving university, Boden became a stockbroker with Barclays Merchant Bank, [3] (#cite_note-T-3) and SG Warburg Securities (/w/index.php?title=SG_Warburg_Securities&action=edit&redlink=1) . [4] (#cite_note-ES-4) spending some time at Wall Street (/wiki/Wall_Street) . [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) He was a stockbroker for five years. [2] (#cite_note-BBC-2) However, he "loathed" the job, [2] (#cite_note-BBC-2) and was "ill-suited – really bad at it". [3] (#cite_note-T-3) He ceased working as a stockbroker when he received an inheritance from a childless uncle. [3] (#cite_note-T-3) He dabbled in other jobs, as a publican (/wiki/Publican) and teacher [3] (#cite_note-T-3) in London. [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) Boden enjoyed teaching, though disliked the low salaries. [3] (#cite_note-T-3) Boden [ edit ] He founded Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) in 1991, [2] (#cite_note-BBC-2) launching his first catalogue featuring pictures drawn by a friend, [3] (#cite_note-T-3) with eight menswear products available [2] (#cite_note-BBC-2) modelled by his friends. [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) In 1992, Boden realised women were a better target for clothes, and launched women's clothing, followed by children's clothing, [2] (#cite_note-BBC-2) under the name 'Mini Boden', in 1996. [3] (#cite_note-T-3) However, it took "at least 10 years" for the finances to settle down due to robbery, and other circumstances; which ultimately led his inheritance to be gone in under three years. [3] (#cite_note-T-3) The firm is known for its "bright prints". [2] (#cite_note-BBC-2) In the 2014 Sunday Times Rich List (/wiki/Sunday_Times_Rich_List) , Boden placed 368th, with a personal fortune of £300 million. [5] (#cite_note-List_2014-5) As of the 2020 list, the Bodens own around 60% of the shares in the company, a stake worth £281 million. [6] (#cite_note-6) Boden was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (CBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours (/wiki/2023_New_Year_Honours) for services to fashion and the retail sector. [7] (#cite_note-7) Personal life [ edit ] Boden is married to Sophie, with whom he has three daughters: Anna, Katie and Stella. [1] (#cite_note-Info-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Burrell, Ian (8 November 2013). "Johnnie Boden: Anti-fashion for all the family" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140120172919/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/johnnie-boden-antifashion-for-all-the-family-8929879.html) . The Independent . Archived from the original on 20 January 2014 . Retrieved 24 March 2014 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hope, Katie (24 March 2014). "How Johnnie Boden came to dress the UK's yummy mummies" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-26334330) . BBC . Retrieved 24 March 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Hopper, David; Vallance, Charles (17 March 2013). "Johnnie Boden's fashion brand is the love of his life" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9935907/Johnnie-Bodens-fashion-brand-is-the-love-of-his-life.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 24 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-ES_4-0) Prynn, Jonathan (13 September 2010). "Go, Johnnie, go Boden is a £500m business success story" (https://www.standard.co.uk/news/go-johnnie-go-boden-is-a-500m-business-success-story-6513083.html) . The Evening Standard . Retrieved 24 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-List_2014_5-0) "The Sunday Times Rich List" (http://features.thesundaytimes.co.uk/rocj;ost/2013/live/richlist/view/group6/1/rank/-/boden#list) . The Sunday Times . 21 April 2013 . Retrieved 7 April 2014 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-6) Times, The Sunday. "Rich List 2020: profiles 304-399=, featuring Simon Cowell and Sir Elton John" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/rich-list-2020-profiles-304-399-featuring-simon-cowell-and-elton-john-fsfw72cck) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0140-0460 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460) . Retrieved 7 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "No. 63918" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63918/supplement/N9) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 31 December 2022. p. N9. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Jitesh+Singh+Deo%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Jitesh_Singh_Deo) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Jitesh_Singh_Deo&defaults=y) Declined by User4edits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:User4edits) 3 months ago. Last edited by Ivanvector (/wiki/User:Ivanvector) 3 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:139.71.200.15&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 23 March 2024 by Jamiebuba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jamiebuba) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Jamiebuba) ). 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Indian male beauty pageant winner ( Mr India World 2017 ) Indian contender at Mister World 2024 Jitesh Singh Deo is an Indian model, actor, entrepreneur and a beauty pageant titleholder who was the winner of Mr India 2017 (/wiki/Mr_India_2017) [1] (#cite_note-1) Early Life and Career [ edit ] Jitesh [2] (#cite_note-2) was born on 29th May 1995 [3] (#cite_note-3) in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (/wiki/Lucknow) . He is a Pahadi with family roots in Lohaghat (/wiki/Lohaghat) , Uttarakhand (/wiki/Uttarakhand) . He did his schooling from City Montessori School, Lucknow (/wiki/City_Montessori_School) and later moved to Delhi for his higher studies. He studied Civil Engineering (/wiki/Civil_engineering) from Inderprastha Engineering College. On 14th December 2017, he won the title [4] (#cite_note-4) of Mister India World 2017 [5] (#cite_note-5) and was crowned by Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) [6] (#cite_note-6) at Bandra Fort, Mumbai. [7] (#cite_note-7) He has walked for various renowned designers in India and have judged a lot of beauty pageants himself. [8] (#cite_note-8) Jitesh [9] (#cite_note-9) is all set to participate in the 11th edition of Mister World 2024 (/wiki/Mister_World_2024) happening in Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) during September, 2024 [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Meet Jitesh Singh Deo, the Lucknow boy who won the Mr India World 2017 title" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/meet-jitesh-singh-deo-the-lucknow-boy-who-won-the-mr-india-world-2017-title/story-5Li8ewM91uI38wFBKmXWLM.html) . Hindustan Times . 2017-12-15 . Retrieved 2024-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Who is Jitesh Singh Deo?" (https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-jitesh-singh-deo/) . The Indian Express . 2017-12-15 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Liva Miss Diva 2020: Wishing Jitesh Singh Deo A Very Happy Birthday! \| Beauty Pageants - Times of India Videos" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/beauty-pageants/mr-india/wishing-jitesh-singh-deo-a-very-happy-birthday/videoshow/76093623.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 2024-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Jitesh Singh Deo Is Winner of Peter England Mr India Contest: Check Out Pics \| India.com" (https://www.india.com/viral/jitesh-singh-deo-is-winner-of-peter-england-mr-india-contest-check-out-pics-2753278/) . www.india.com . 2017-12-07 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet Peter England Mr India 2017 Jitesh Singh Deo" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/buzz/meet-peter-england-mr-india-2017-jitesh-singh-deo/articleshow/62076265.cms) . The Times of India . 2017-12-15. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Mr India 2017: Kangana Ranaut declares Lucknow based Jitesh Singh Deo as winner" (https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mr-india-2017-kangana-ranaut-declares-lucknow-based-jitesh-singh-deo-as-winner-4263589.html) . Firstpost . 2017-12-18 . Retrieved 2024-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Mr India 2017 winner Jitesh Singh Deo had participated in the contest in 2015 and here's the proof..." (https://www.mumbailive.com/en/lifestyle/mr-india-2017-winner-jitesh-singh-deo-had-participated-in-the-contest-in-2015-18524) Mumbai Live . 2017-12-15 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "UPites are now no less than people in the Metros: Jitesh Singh Deo" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/upites-are-now-no-less-than-people-in-the-metros-jitesh-singh-deo/articleshow/63668387.cms) . The Times of India . 2018-04-09. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 2024-03-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "It was an overwhelming experience to meet the UP CM: Jitesh SIngh Deo" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/lucknow/it-was-an-overwhelming-experience-to-meet-the-up-cm-jitesh-singh-deo/articleshow/62195918.cms) . The Times of India . 2017-12-22. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257) . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Jitesh Singh Deo wins Mr India 2017, to represent India at Mr World 2020" (https://www.asianage.com/newsmakers/151217/jitesh-singh-deo-wins-mr-india-2017-to-represent-india-at-mr-world-2020.html) . The Asian Age . 2017-12-15 . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . 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Natural animal fiber Vicuña wool Vicuña wool refers to the hair (/wiki/Hair) of the South American vicuña (/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a) , an animal of the family of camelidae (/wiki/Camelidae) . The wool has, after shahtoosh (/wiki/Shahtoosh) , the second smallest fiber diameter (/wiki/Diameter) of all animal hair and is the most expensive legal wool. Properties [ edit ] The down hair (/wiki/Down_hair) of the vicuña used for the production of vicuña wool is, with an average hair diameter of 11–13.5 microns (/wiki/Micron) , one of the finest animal hairs (/wiki/Fur) . Only shahtoosh, the hair of the Tibetan antelope (/wiki/Tibetan_antelope) , is finer, with an average diameter of 8–13 microns. [1] (#cite_note-Ekarius-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Among animal textile fibers, besides shahtoosh, only the various silks (/wiki/Silk) and byssus (/wiki/Byssus) have a smaller fiber diameter. The surface structure of the fiber has scales as in sheep wool. [3] (#cite_note-Gardetti-3) The scale spacing is between 7 and 14 scale rings per 100 microns. [4] (#cite_note-Muthu-4) The cell arrangement of the fiber is bilateral in transmission electron microscopy (/wiki/Transmission_electron_microscopy) (as also in guanaco (/wiki/Guanaco) hair), while it is disordered in llama (/wiki/Llama) and alpaca (/wiki/Alpaca) . [5] (#cite_note-Lewin-5) In addition, vicuña wool can also be identified by mass spectrometry (/wiki/Mass_spectrometry) . [6] (#cite_note-PMID32770752-6) Extraction and processing [ edit ] Vicuña (/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a) Ruana (/wiki/Ruana) made of vicuña wool The Incas (/wiki/Inca) herded vicuñas by the tens of thousands into pens (/wiki/Pen_(enclosure)) , sheared (/wiki/Shearing) the wool for the exclusive use of high nobles, and then released the animals. [7] (#cite_note-7) In the 20th century vicuñas were hunted for their fur, so that the population declined to about 8,000 animals and was put under wild life protection. [8] (#cite_note-Hammond-8) Vicuñas were listed in CITES (/wiki/CITES) appendix I until 1994, when conservation efforts had led to a partial restoration of the population and vicuñas were listed in appendix II. [9] (#cite_note-Silvius-9) Nowadays vicuñas are a protected species (/wiki/Protected_species) . In Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina they are kept free-ranging in national parks (/wiki/National_park) for commercial use, and more rarely in extensive enclosures (especially in Argentina). [1] (#cite_note-Ekarius-1) [3] (#cite_note-Gardetti-3) In Peru, three companies were licensed in 1994 to harvest vicuña wool legally: Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) , Agnona, and Incalpaca TPX. [10] (#cite_note-Coggins-10) In 2009, 5500 to 6000 kilograms (/wiki/Kilogram) of vicuña wool were harvested worldwide. [4] (#cite_note-Muthu-4) The hair of the vicuña is used to make a variety of products. The hair of the vicuña is sheared in pens after a traditional roundup ("chaccu"). [8] (#cite_note-Hammond-8) A wool with an average fiber length of 2–4 cm is obtained every other year. The weight of shorn wool hairs per animal is about 250 g every two years [9] (#cite_note-Silvius-9) to 450 g, [1] (#cite_note-Ekarius-1) after removal of unwanted guard hairs from the down hair. [1] (#cite_note-Ekarius-1) Before processing, the down hair is separated from the guard hair (/wiki/Guard_hair) by sorting. After sorting the wool, the down hairs are spun (/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)) into yarn (/wiki/Yarn) and woven (/wiki/Weaving) or knitted (/wiki/Knitting) into textiles (/wiki/Textile) . The surface of woven fabrics is often roughened with a raising card (/wiki/Raising_card) to create a softer feel, higher volume and greater thermal insulation [11] (#cite_note-11) Vicuña wool is considered the rarest and most expensive legal wool in the world; in 2010, raw wool traded for about 7-15 dollars per ounce (/wiki/Ounce) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The sorted and spun yarn trades at about $300 per ounce. It is usually processed in its natural color, as the structure of vicuña hair suffers from bleaching (/wiki/Bleaching) or dyeing (/wiki/Dyeing) . [13] (#cite_note-Gumiel_Conzelmann-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Northern populations of vicuñas display a more cinnamon-like coat color on the back, southern ones a beige hue; the hair on the belly represents a smaller portion that is much lighter in color. [1] (#cite_note-Ekarius-1) White wool is traded at higher prices. [15] (#cite_note-Rusche-15) In addition to knitted sweaters (/wiki/Sweater) and socks (/wiki/Sock) , vicuña wool is also used to weave fabrics (/wiki/Fabric) that are made into exclusive tailored clothing. A sport coat can cost up to $21,000, a made-to-measure suit starts at $32,000. [10] (#cite_note-Coggins-10) Cleaning [ edit ] Like all protein (/wiki/Protein) -based fibers (wool, silk), products made from vicuña wool must be cleaned by dry cleaning (/wiki/Dry_cleaning) (water-free) or by hand in lukewarm water with a mild detergent. Detergents which contain bleach (/wiki/Bleach) or enzymes (/wiki/Detergent_enzymes) ( protein-degrading enzymes (/wiki/Protease) ) are unsuitable, as they damage the hair structure. In the case of hydrophilic (/wiki/Hydrophilic) textiles, such as textiles made of wool, water contact can lead to thread (/wiki/Thread_(yarn)) shortening and thus to shrinkage of the textile due to swelling (/wiki/Swelling_capacity) and the shrinkage (/wiki/Shrinkage_(fabric)) that follows during drying. Shrinkage is intensified in clothes dryers (/wiki/Clothes_dryer) . Due to a tendency to felting (/wiki/Felting) , textiles made of vicuña wool should not be wrung (/wiki/Mangle_(machine)) or rubbed (/wiki/Rubbing_(friction)) , but can be dabbed. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Carol Ekarius: The Fleece & Fiber Sourcebook. Storey Publishing, 2011, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-60342-764-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60342-764-7) , pp. 381–382. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hans-Karl Rouette: Encyclopedia of textile finishing. Woodland, Cambridge 2001, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-84569-065-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84569-065-6) ^ Jump up to: a b Miguel Angel Gardetti: Handbook of Sustainable Luxury Textiles and Fashion. Springer, 2015, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-287-633-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-287-633-1) , p. 107. ^ Jump up to: a b Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, Miguel Angel Gardetti: Sustainable Fibres for Fashion Industry. Springer, 2016, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-10-0522-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-10-0522-0) , p. 20. ^ (#cite_ref-Lewin_5-0) Menachem Lewin: Handbook of Fiber Chemistry, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press, 1998, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8247-9471-2 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-9471-2) , p. 403. ^ (#cite_ref-PMID32770752_6-0) E. Price, D. Larrabure, B. Gonzales, P. McClure, E. Espinoza: Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco. In: Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. Band 34, Nummer 23, Dezember 2020, S. e8916, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/rcm.8916 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Frcm.8916) , PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 32770752 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32770752) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Detlev Kirst: DuMont Reise-Handbuch Reiseführer Peru . 5. Auflage, Dumont Reiseverlag, 2019. ISBN 9783616430904. p. 58. ^ Jump up to: a b Paula Hammond: The Atlas of Endangered Animals: Wildlife Under Threat Around the World. Marshall Cavendish reference, 2010. ISBN 9780761478720. p. 173. ^ Jump up to: a b Kirsten M. Silvius' People in Nature . Columbia University Press, 2012. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-50208-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50208-5) , p. 155, 164. ^ Jump up to: a b David Coggins (2013-09-20). "Why Does a Vicuña Jacket Cost $21,000?" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323392204579073090614851288) . Wall Street Journal (/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal) . Retrieved 2022-10-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Thomas Meyer zur Capellen: Lexikon der Gewebe: Technik - Bindungen - Handelsnamen . 5. Auflage, dfv Mediengruppe, 2016. ISBN 9783866415034. Stichwort Karde . ^ (#cite_ref-12) BBC: How Peru's 'Andean rodeo' is helping save the vicuna. In: BBC News. (2010). Accessed 2013-01-21. ^ (#cite_ref-Gumiel_Conzelmann_13-0) Katherine Gumiel Conzelmann: Dyeing Effects on Physical Properties of Vicuña & Other Luxury Specialty Fibers. 2015, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-339-26038-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-339-26038-9) ^ (#cite_ref-14) Clive Hallett, Amanda Johnston: Fabric for Fashion: The Complete Guide Second Edition. Hachette UK, 2022. ISBN 9781529419962. ^ (#cite_ref-Rusche_15-0) Thomas Rusche: Kleines SØR-Brevier der Kleidungskultur: der Ratgeber für den Herrn. LIT Verlag Münster, 1991. ISBN 9783894731014. p. 136. 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Malaysian entrepreneur (born 1956) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Winnie_Loo&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Winnie+Loo&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Winnie+Loo) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Winnie_Loo) for suggestions. ( December 2015 ) Winnie Loo Director of a A-Cut Above Salon and Academy Born 1956 Perak, Malaysia Nationality Malaysian Winnie Loo (born 1956) is a Malaysian (/wiki/Malaysians) hairstylist, entrepreneur, author, and chief executive officer and creative director of A Cut Above Salons (http://www.acutabove.com.my) and Academy (http://www.acutabove.com.my/academy) . She is most known for her success with A Cut Above, her chain of high-end salons, as well as her quick cut budget salon chain known as X-Cut. [1] (#cite_note-Glowing-1) Early life [ edit ] Growing up in Ipoh, Malaysia (/wiki/Ipoh,_Malaysia) , Winnie Loo was the 8th out of nine children in her family. [2] (#cite_note-cutabove-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) From an early age she found intrigue in hair design even though the family business was in tin mining (/wiki/Tin_mining) and iron foundries. To please her father, she attended college but after overlooking to sit for an entry exam to university was deferred for 1 year. With the help of her mother, she used this time off to convince her father to allow her to follow her passion as a hairstylist. [4] (#cite_note-Steve-4) Education [ edit ] In 1976, she went to study at Morris Masterclass, a Vidal Sassoon school of hairdressing, in London. It was here that she studied under Vidal Sassoon (/wiki/Vidal_Sassoon) . [5] (#cite_note-Group-5) Business ventures [ edit ] After returning to Malaysia in 1979 at age 23, Loo was approached in the salon where she was working by a client who wanted to start a business together. In partnership they opened the first A Cut Above salon. The 428 square foot salon was located at Wisma HLA. [ citation needed ] After a short partnership, her partner sold Loo her shares. Boyfriend at the time and now husband, Richard Teo became her new business partner. With a background in Marketing and business development, he was able to grow A Cut Above into a well-known salon with over 15 locations throughout Malaysia. [6] (#cite_note-Sharmila-6) Family life [ edit ] Together she and her husband Richard Teo have two children, Marcus and Hazel Teo. Both children have an interest in the Teo family business. Marcus develops product lines for the salon and Hazel is focused on using a background from a fashion course at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising) (FIDM) in Los Angeles to introduce a fashion and accessories venture to A Cut Above. [7] (#cite_note-Chong-7) Awards [ edit ] Loo has been presented with awards for her leadership, entrepreneurship, and innovation. Among these awards are: Ernst and Young's Woman Entrepreneur of the Year Most Innovative Woman Entrepreneur presented by Women In Leadership Forum Asia Most Innovative Woman Entrepreneur presented at the Women in Leadership Forum in Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur) [8] (#cite_note-Winnie-8) Social causes [ edit ] Loo is part of an all women's choir called Glitterama. The organization was established in 2006 to provide financial assistance to the needy. [9] (#cite_note-Ho-9) Publications [ edit ] Winnie Loo authored her autobiography entitled “A Cut Above, Built on Hard Work, True Grit & A Pair of Scissors.” The book was published by Kanyin Publications in 2005. [10] (#cite_note-Library-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Glowing_1-0) "Glowing beauty of joy and peace" (2013, May) Asian Beacon, 44(2), 7 & 9. ^ (#cite_ref-cutabove_2-0) “CutAboveGroup Winnie Loo - Success Story of Woman Entrepreneur” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0C5-9W56h0) (2011, November 13) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Which celebs wear toupees" (http://www.hairgrowthpills.com/celebs-wear-toupee/) . Retrieved 4 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Steve_4-0) Steve & Schaz (Narrators) "Breakfast with the Stars: Founder of a Cut Above; Datin Winnie Loo" Lite Breakfast Show. Astro Radio Lite FM (2015, April 9) ^ (#cite_ref-Group_5-0) CutAboveGroup (2011, November 13) ^ (#cite_ref-Sharmila_6-0) Shamila, G. “A blast into the past” (http://www.kinibiz.com/story/issues/163792/a-blast-into-the-past.html) KiniBiz Online. (2015, May) ^ (#cite_ref-Chong_7-0) Chong, C “Mothers who inspire:Datin Winnie Loo, founder of A Cut Above Group and Academy” (http://my.asiatatler.com/society/mothers-who-inspire-datin-winnie-loo-founder-of-a-cut-above-group-and-academy) Malaysia Tatler. (2014, May) ^ (#cite_ref-Winnie_8-0) “Winnie Loo: triumphant trials” (http://m.indiaretailing.com/FoodGrocer/article-detail.aspx?mcatid=31&catid=34&aid=11078) Salon International Bureau. (2014, June) ^ (#cite_ref-Ho_9-0) Ho, F “Winnie Loo has the best of both worlds” (https://web.archive.org/web/20151211054955/http://news.asiaone.com/print/News/Latest+News/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20111104-308695.html) The Star/Asia News Network. (2011, November 4) ^ (#cite_ref-Library_10-0) “A Cut Above, Built on Hard Work, True Grit & A Pair of Scissors (http://www.nlb.gov.sg/newarrivals/item_holding.aspx?bid=12802788) National Library Board Singapore (2015) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75854f7f49‐q5x5d Cached time: 20240722045418 Cache expiry: 846343 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.309 seconds Real time usage: 0.426 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1922/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13460/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2482/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11436/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.178/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4054729/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 396.155 1 -total 30.80% 122.032 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.82% 106.250 1 Template:Reflist 22.71% 89.954 1 Template:Cite_web 17.72% 70.203 1 Template:Short_description 15.72% 62.288 1 Template:Orphan 14.46% 57.303 1 Template:Draft_other 13.98% 55.364 1 Template:Ambox 10.84% 42.962 2 Template:Pagetype 8.12% 32.174 17 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48764949-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722045418 and revision id 1191187554. 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New Zealand women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) New Zealand portal (/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:New Zealand fashion designers (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_fashion_designers) . It includes New Zealand fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐j4xht Cached time: 20240720204857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.095 seconds Real time usage: 0.128 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4044/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 312/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.051/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 936331/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 111.034 1 -total 50.71% 56.305 1 Template:Portal 37.22% 41.332 1 Template:Non-diffusing 29.08% 32.286 1 Template:Cmbox 11.86% 13.173 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 9.20% 10.212 2 Template:Category_other 7.11% 7.896 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 3.65% 4.055 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.42% 1.581 1 Template:Template_other 1.28% 1.426 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72292727-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720204857 and revision id 1177798735. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "New Zealand women fashion designers" The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Margo Barton (/wiki/Margo_Barton) Annie Bonza (/wiki/Annie_Bonza) Fanny Buss (/wiki/Fanny_Buss) C Trelise Cooper (/wiki/Trelise_Cooper) Kristine Crabb (/wiki/Kristine_Crabb) D Doris de Pont (/wiki/Doris_de_Pont) F Liz Findlay (/wiki/Liz_Findlay) G Judy Gao (/wiki/Judy_Gao) Trish Gregory (/wiki/Trish_Gregory) H Anouska Hempel (/wiki/Anouska_Hempel) Susan Holmes (fabric artist) (/wiki/Susan_Holmes_(fabric_artist)) Kerrie Hughes (/wiki/Kerrie_Hughes) K Emma Knuckey (/wiki/Emma_Knuckey) L Denise L'Estrange-Corbet (/wiki/Denise_L%27Estrange-Corbet) Lindah Lepou (/wiki/Lindah_Lepou) Vinka Lucas (/wiki/Vinka_Lucas) M Flora MacKenzie (/wiki/Flora_MacKenzie) Konstantina Moutos (/wiki/Konstantina_Moutos) P Pacific Sisters (/wiki/Pacific_Sisters) R Sally Ridge (/wiki/Sally_Ridge) Margi Robertson (/wiki/Margi_Robertson) S Marilyn Sainty (/wiki/Marilyn_Sainty) Kate Sylvester (/wiki/Kate_Sylvester) T Joan Talbot (/wiki/Joan_Talbot) Rebecca Taylor (/wiki/Rebecca_Taylor) W Karen Walker (designer) (/wiki/Karen_Walker_(designer)) Emilia Wickstead (/wiki/Emilia_Wickstead) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:New_Zealand_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798735 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:New_Zealand_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177798735) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : New Zealand fashion designers (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_fashion_designers) New Zealand women artists (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
Irish fashion knitwear designer Derek Lawlor Born Portlaoise (/wiki/Portlaoise) , Ireland Education Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) Occupation Fashion designer Website dereklawlor (https://dereklawlor.com/) .com (https://dereklawlor.com/) Derek Lawlor is an Irish fashion knitwear designer (/wiki/Designer) , based in London (/wiki/London) , United Kingdom. [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) Recognised internationally for creating unique textures in his designs, Lawlor has been featured in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , and Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) . [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) In addition to his own knitwear label, he has produced exclusive pieces for clients including musical artists Leona Lewis (/wiki/Leona_Lewis) , V V Brown (/wiki/V_V_Brown) , and Katy B (/wiki/Katy_B) , as well as The Royal Ballet (/wiki/The_Royal_Ballet) , [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) who have modeled his knits. [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) Early life and education [ edit ] Lawlor was born in Portlaoise, Ireland (/wiki/Portlaoise) , [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) and grew up in Sussex (/wiki/Sussex) , England. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) He attributes his early appreciation for knitwear to summers spent with his grandmothers and aunts as they knitted and made lace. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) He moved to London in 2003 to study textile design (/wiki/Textile_Design) at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) , [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) where he specialised in knitwear (/wiki/Knitwear) . After completing his BA (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts) , Lawlor went on to complete a master's degree (/wiki/Master%27s_degree) in Fashion Knitwear at St Martins in 2009. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) His MA collection received acclaim for "his trademark cord-working techniques, in which wax cord is applied to knit in integrated patterns, resulting in graphic sculptural effects which transform the silhouette of the garment." [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Career [ edit ] Lawlor is known for his special technique with cord work, [6] (#cite_note-6) using wax cord to create shapes and loops over garments. His work has been showcased at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) every season since graduation. [ citation needed ] In 2010, his sculptural knitwear was part of the Finnish brand Marimekko (/wiki/Marimekko) 's fall collection. [7] (#cite_note-7) His own fall/winter 2010 collection was featured in Vogue Italia , which lauded his "love for the quality of materials", noting that he had been inspired by the texture and colour of paintings by John Piper (/wiki/John_Piper_(artist)) . [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) Journalist Andrea Deanesi characterised his style as incorporating "elegance and femininity with a touch of sensuality and impertinence." [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) In 2011, Lawlor collaborated with Welsh designer Jayne Pierson (/wiki/Jayne_Pierson) on a new textile fusing together "his" knitwear with "her" leather, working from her studio in Pembrey (/wiki/Pembrey) . [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) The result was a fabric resembling very soft suede, which Pierson featured in her spring/summer 2012 collection. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) His own fashion knitwear has generated positive press; the Autumn Winter 2012 collection was cited as work which changes the boundaries of knitwear design. [9] (#cite_note-9) He has also collaborated with designer Natalie B. Coleman and milliner Margaret O'Connor, [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) with whom he shared the 2017 Global Innovation Award in Shanghai. [10] (#cite_note-10) Lawlor participated in the CREATE show for three consecutive years. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Deanesi, Andrea (12 August 2013). "Derek Lawlor – L'interpretazione moderna della maglieria" (https://www.vogue.it/talents/news/2010/08/andrea-deanesi-12-agosto-2010) . Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) (in Italian) . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Brady, Lisa (31 August 2013). "Metropolis: Creative insights" (https://www.businesspost.ie/legacy/metropolis-creative-insights/) . Business Post (/wiki/Business_Post) . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Irish at London Fashion Week" (https://www.proquest.com/docview/1288236910) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . 18 February 2013. ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)) 1288236910 (https://search.proquest.com/docview/1288236910) . Retrieved 29 September 2022 – via ProQuest (/wiki/ProQuest) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Moore, Carolyn (16 September 2017). "The Irish designers everyone will be watching at London Fashion Week" (https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-20459036.html) . Irish Examiner . Ireland . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "DEREKLAWLOR \| NOT JUST A LABEL" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110710155541/http://www.notjustalabel.com/dereklawlor) . www.notjustalabel.com . Archived from the original (http://www.notjustalabel.com/dereklawlor) on 10 July 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Derek Lawlor Loops Us In" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/5705/1/derek-lawlor-loops-us-in) . www.dazeddigital.com . 4 November 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Fashion Scoops" (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbig&AN=edsbig.A223676905&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Vol. 199, no. 73. 2010 . Retrieved 21 September 2022 – via EBSCOHost (/wiki/EBSCOHost) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Welsh designer Jayne Pierson wows London Fashion Week with her ballet-inspired show" (https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/welsh-designer-jayne-pierson-wows-1811511) . Wales Online . 20 September 2011 . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "DEREK LAWLOR - AW12" (http://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2012/05/derek-lawlor-aw12) . www.wonderlandmagazine.com . 24 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-10) McQuillan, Deirdre (25 December 2021). "Irish creatives mix food and fashion by pairing hats to cakes" (https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/food-and-drink/irish-creatives-mix-food-and-fashion-by-pairing-hats-to-cakes-1.4694058) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . Retrieved 29 September 2022 . 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Thailand clothing This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sinh_(clothing)) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Sinh" clothing (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sinh%22+clothing) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sinh%22+clothing+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sinh%22+clothing&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sinh%22+clothing+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sinh%22+clothing) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sinh%22+clothing&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Laotian women wearing sinhs The Sinh ( Lao (/wiki/Lao_language) : ສິ້ນ , Lao pronunciation: [sȉn] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao) ; Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ซิ่น , RTGS (/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription) : sin , Thai pronunciation: [sîn] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai) ; Tai Nuea (/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language) : ᥔᥤᥢᥲ), or commonly ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ผ้าซิ่น , RTGS (/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription) : pha sin ), [1] (#cite_note-BP-20200217-1) is a handmade traditional skirt, often made of silk, that are worn by Lao women (/wiki/Women_in_Laos) [2] (#cite_note-2) and Thai women (/wiki/Women_in_Thailand) , particularly northern Thai (/wiki/Northern_Thai_people) and northeastern Thai (/wiki/Isan_people) women. It is a tube skirt (/wiki/Skirt) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Its pattern can indicate which region the wearer is from. In present-day Thailand, pha sins are typically worn at special events. However, in Laos, Sinhs are worn more regularly in daily life. Components [ edit ] A typical Tai Yuan (/wiki/Northern_Thai_people) sinh. A sinh is typically composed of three components: hua sinh ( Lao (/wiki/Lao_language) : ຫົວສິ້ນ ), literally 'the head of the sinh', is the waistband (/wiki/Waistband) portion, which is typically tucked in and hidden. phuen sinh ( Lao (/wiki/Lao_language) : ພື້ນສິ້ນ ) or tua sinh ( Thai (/wiki/Thai_language) : ตัวซิ่น ), literally 'the body of the sinh', is the body of the sinh . This part of the sinh is typically not detailed. In particular, it typically only consists of one or two colors. tin sinh ( Lao (/wiki/Lao_language) : ຕີນສິ້ນ ), literally 'the foot of the sinh', is the hem (/wiki/Hem) . The hem is typically woven with a lot of details. The specific details of the hem can indicate where the sinh is made. Textiles [ edit ] The sinh is made of silk (/wiki/Silk) or handwoven cotton. They come in different textures and designs, frequently created in rural areas. Premium silk versions may go for over 50,000 baht (/wiki/Thai_baht) per piece, particularly if created by a well-known traditional weaver. Less expensive fabrics cost about 3,000 baht. [1] (#cite_note-BP-20200217-1) Gallery [ edit ] Princess Thip Keson (/wiki/Thip_Keson) (or Thep Kraison), Princess of Chiang Mai (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chiang_Mai) , consort of Inthawichayanon (/wiki/Inthawichayanon) of Chiang Mai and mother of Dara Rasmi (/wiki/Dara_Rasmi) wearing sinh and pha biang (/wiki/Pha_biang) , before 1884 Thai girl wearing Isan style sinh Thai girls wearing northern Thai sinhs Lao women wearing sinhs Lao women wearing sinhs See also [ edit ] Longyi (/wiki/Longyi) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Sampot (/wiki/Sampot) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Traditional Thai clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) References [ edit ] ^ a b Thepthong, Phitsanu (17 February 2020). "Pushing 'phasin' to the fore" (https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1858929/pushing-phasin-to-the-fore) . Bangkok Post . Retrieved 18 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Laoconnection.com. "Laoconnection.com" (https://www.laoconnection.com/2013/05/the-origins-of-pha-sin.html) . Laoconnection.com . Retrieved 2021-08-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Thai Traditional Dress" (http://www.culi.chula.ac.th/salc/2019%20emer%20web/SALC%20Newsletter%20%20Mar%202018.pdf) (PDF) . SALC Newsletter . 84 . Chulalongkorn University Language Institute: 5–8. March 2018 . Retrieved 18 February 2020 . Further reading [ edit ] Dolly Brittan (1997). The People of Laos . New York: PowerKids Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 082-3951-24-3 . Edeltraud Tagwerker (2009). Siho and Naga--Lao Textiles: Reflecting a People's Tradition and Change . Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-363-1586-89-1 . External links [ edit ] Sinhs (Lao skirt fabric) (https://web.archive.org/web/20130723050939/http://www.gotlaos.com/silskma.html) Why Must Lao Girls Wear A Sinh To University (https://web.archive.org/web/20130528110347/http://www.laogirls.com/why-must-lao-girls-wear-a-sinh-to-university.html) Lao Identity (http://www.watriolinda.org/lao-identity) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140709174516/http://www.watriolinda.org/lao-identity) 2014-07-09 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg 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Vyshyvanka (/wiki/Vyshyvanka) Ukrainian wreath (/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath) Russia Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Lapti (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Western Netherlands Poffer (/wiki/Poffer) Kraplap (/wiki/Kraplap) Oorijzer (/wiki/Oorijzer) France Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) Spain Traje de flamenca (/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Cachirulo (/wiki/Cachirulo) Cordovan hat (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Italy Ciocia (/wiki/Ciocia) Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Scandinavian Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) Iceland (/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume) Sweden (/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming) Nationella dräkten (/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten) Bäckadräkten (/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten) Sverigedräkten (/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1) South America Aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) 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For the twentieth century French aircraft manufacturer, see Avions Mauboussin (/wiki/Avions_Mauboussin) . Mauboussin A Mauboussin store in Ginza (/wiki/Ginza) Industry Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Founded 1827 ; 197 years ago ( 1827 ) in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Founders M. Rocher J. Noury Revenue €60 million (2010/11) Website mauboussin (http://mauboussin.com) .com (http://mauboussin.com) Mauboussin is a jewelry (/wiki/Jewellery) company based in France . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) It was originally established in 1827 in Paris, specifically on Rue Grenata, where it focused on producing jewelry. In 1903, M.B. Noury, who was the nephew of Georges Maubossin, became the owner of the company. Georges Maubossin had served as the company's director since 1877. In 1923, Noury was succeeded by Maubossin himself, and the company's name was changed to Maubossin. As part of the company's expansion, Maubossin purchased two adjacent houses located at the intersection of Rue Saint-Augustin, Rue de Choiseul, and Rue Monsigny in Paris. The address of these houses was 3 Rue de Choiseul. [3] (#cite_note-3) Maubossin opened branches in New York, Buenos Aires, and Rio de Janeiro. The company gained popularity for its exceptional collection of precious materials and skilled craftsmanship. The company's estimated sales (in 2010/2011) were €60 million in total sales and €10 million in watches. [4] (#cite_note-Luxury-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) ELLE 17 May 2009 News: Parisian Jewelry (http://www.elle.com/Fashion/Fashion-Spotlight/Fashion-News-Parisian-JewelryFashion) [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) New York Times 29 Jan 2009 These Jewels Look Smaller in France (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/29/fashion/29CRITIC.html) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Simon (2021-03-27). "Mauboussin - French Jewellry - Design Profile" (http://encyclopedia.design/2021/03/27/mauboussin-french-jewellry-profile/) . Encyclopedia of Design . Retrieved 2023-06-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-Luxury_4-0) Chevalier, Michel (2012). Luxury Brand Management . Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-118-17176-9 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.mauboussin.com) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/217083872) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c4df98467‐dfsxj Cached time: 20240711164128 Cache expiry: 1754314 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.298 seconds Real time usage: 0.395 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1525/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14802/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1812/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15358/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.210/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4574482/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 370.839 1 -total 37.92% 140.617 1 Template:Reflist 26.04% 96.580 1 Template:Infobox_company 25.62% 95.020 1 Template:Authority_control 22.88% 84.865 1 Template:Infobox 21.57% 79.983 1 Template:Cite_web 10.23% 37.923 1 Template:Dead_link 9.10% 33.745 1 Template:Fix 8.37% 31.057 2 Template:Category_handler 7.86% 29.161 1 Template:For Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27166641-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711164128 and revision id 1201270617. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauboussin&oldid=1201270617 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauboussin&oldid=1201270617) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellery retailers of France (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_retailers_of_France) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from January 2018 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2018) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers)
Fox Brothers & Co Industry Clothmaking Founded Wellington, Somerset (/wiki/Wellington,_Somerset) , (1772 ( 1772 ) ) Present entity, (1996 ( 1996 ) ) Founder Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution Owner Deborah Meaden (/wiki/Deborah_Meaden) (shareholder) & Douglas Cordeaux (/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Cordeaux&action=edit&redlink=1) (shareholder) Number of employees 37 Fox Brothers Mills Fox Brothers & Co is a clothmaker (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing) based in Wellington, Somerset (/wiki/Wellington,_Somerset) , England. The company is one of the few working cloth mills still producing cloth entirely in England since 1772, [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) although the present company was incorporated in 1996. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] Fox Brothers originated in the clothier business of the Were family of Wellington. Their headquarters were at Trade Court, South Street, Wellington; they also owned two fulling mills. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) In 1768, Thomas Were's 21-year-old grandson Thomas Fox (/wiki/Tone_Dale_House) (1747-1821) joined the company, becoming partner in 1772 and sole proprietor in 1796. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) He introduced the FOX cloth mark and changed the name of the company (Fox Brothers from 1826). [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Thomas and his wife Sarah Smith, built in 1807, then lived in, Tone Dale House (/wiki/Tone_Dale_House) , Wellington – the house is still lived in by Ben Fox, five generations later. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) During the Industrial Revolution (/wiki/Industrial_Revolution) the company brought wool sorting, spinning, drying and weaving under one roof. [4] (#cite_note-freshness-4) It once owned nine mills (/wiki/Factory) , including Tonedale Mills (/wiki/Tonedale_Mills) and Tone Works, and employed nearly 5,000 workers. [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) During the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) it won a War Office (/wiki/War_Office) contract to provide 852 miles (1,371 km) of khaki (/wiki/Khaki) coloured cloth for military puttees. Fox Brothers makes wool, worsted (/wiki/Worsted) , cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) and was the original creator of flannel (/wiki/Flannel) for use in suitmaking and held the Trademark for 'Flannel' up to the 1950s. [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) [6] (#cite_note-bespoke-6) The company uses looms (/wiki/Loom) which are 50 years old and maintains a pattern (/wiki/Pattern) archive dating back to its foundation, said to be 'one of the most significant textile (company) archives in the British Isles'. [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) [6] (#cite_note-bespoke-6) Fox Brothers has made cloth for the suits of several famous people including flannel for Bob Hope (/wiki/Bob_Hope) , chalkstripe (/w/index.php?title=Chalkstripe&action=edit&redlink=1) for Winston Churchill (/wiki/Winston_Churchill) and Prince of Wales check for the Duke of Windsor (/wiki/Edward_VIII) . [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) Hollywood legend Cary Grant (/wiki/Cary_Grant) was often photographed wearing Fox Flannel, at a time when leading men were expected to provide their own wardrobe for the films in which they starred. [7] (#cite_note-west-7) Fox Brothers has won two Queen's Awards (/wiki/Queen%27s_Awards_for_Enterprise) . The first was won in 1966, the year the award scheme was founded, for their export (/wiki/Export) sales. [8] (#cite_note-bristol-8) The second was in 2006 in recognition of them manufacturing the world's lightest weight wool and cashmere flannel. [6] (#cite_note-bespoke-6) The company released new versions of one of their 1782 pattern flannels for the Autumn/Winter 2007 season, using all British wool. [9] (#cite_note-savile-9) Present [ edit ] In June 2009, investor Deborah Meaden (/wiki/Deborah_Meaden) who features on Dragons' Den (/wiki/Dragons%27_Den_(UK)) , purchased a majority stake. [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) [10] (#cite_note-meaden-10) Meaden grew up in the area, living 10 miles (16 km) from the factory, [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) while Meaden's husband went to school with two members of the Fox family, the original owners. [10] (#cite_note-meaden-10) With Managing director Jack Hudson looking to retire, [7] (#cite_note-west-7) in November 2009, Douglas Cordeaux and Meaden bought the company, with Meaden taking 80% and Cordeaux 20%. Cordeaux, formerly of Pepe Jeans (/wiki/Pepe_Jeans) , [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) today functions as managing director. [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) [10] (#cite_note-meaden-10) Meaden is not involved with the day-to-day running of the company, but devises business strategy. [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) [10] (#cite_note-meaden-10) Meaden will attempt to consolidate the firms established position in Japan, Italy (/wiki/Italy) and the UK, whilst expanding into the United States market. [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) The company currently employs twenty five people, an increase since Meaden and Cordeaux became joint owners. In 2011, Fox appointed two full-time apprentices to ensure traditional skills are handed down to a new generation. One will complete his apprenticeship at Fox; the second apprentice will split his training between Fox Brothers and Jack Wills. The company presently supplies designer Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , Gieves & Hawkes (/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes) , and Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) tailoring houses, Huntsman, Dege & Skinner, Anderson & Sheppard and Henry Poole, the official founder of Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) . [1] (#cite_note-times1-1) [5] (#cite_note-times2-5) The company collaborated in 2010 with shoe retailer Clarks (/wiki/C%26J_Clark) to make cloth for its classic desert boot for the Spring/Summer 2010 season. [4] (#cite_note-freshness-4) and Mackintosh (/wiki/Mackintosh) included a stylish raincoat made from Fox fabric in the collection on display in their first ever shop, opened in London's prestigious Mount Street at the start of 2011. Lock & Co., founded 1676, is using Fox cloth extensively in its 'Lock & Roll' men's wear collection for Spring/Summer 2011. All but one of the caps in the collection are made from Fox cloth, following the success of the Autumn/Winter caps made from Fox fabrics, which it launched in 2010. In October 2011, Fox Brothers and a network of British manufacturers launched 'The Merchant Fox', a website selling British-made luxury goods with proven provenance. Further reading [ edit ] Mike Williams, Textile Mills of South West England (Swindon: English Heritage, 2013), pp. 110–122 Mike Williams and Lucy Jessop, Tone Works, Wellington, Somerset: Analysis and Survey of Buildings, Power Systems and Machinery (English Heritage Research Report Series 72-2007) , 2 volumes [1] (https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=14583&ru=%2fResults.aspx%3fp%3d1%26n%3d10%26a%3d4564%26ns%3d1) Mike Williams, Tonedale Mills, Site Assessment (English Heritage, Architectural Investigation Reports and Papers B/022/2003) [2] (https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i=16308&ru=%2fResults.aspx%3fp%3d1%26n%3d10%26a%3d4564%26ns%3d1) See also [ edit ] Coldharbour Mill Working Wool Museum (/wiki/Coldharbour_Mill_Working_Wool_Museum) Fox, Fowler and Company (/wiki/Fox,_Fowler_and_Company) Tone Dale House (/wiki/Tone_Dale_House) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Keens, Emma (16 January 2010). "I'm in: Dragon Meaden buys Fox Brothers" (http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article6990526.ece) . The Times . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Companies House Fox Brothers & Co Ltd" (https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03274591) . Companies House . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Williams, Mike; Jessop, Lucy (2007). Tone Works, Wellington, Somerset: Analysis and Survey of Buildings, Power Systems and Machinery, volume 2 . Swindon: English Heritage Research Report Series 72-2007. pp. 1–2. ^ Jump up to: a b Chang, Emily. "Clarks x Fox Brothers & Co. – Spring/Summer 2010 – Desert Boots" (http://www.freshnessmag.com/2009/12/20/clarks-x-fox-brothers-co-springsummer-2010-desert-boots/) . Freshness Magazine . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h de Bruxelles, Simon (15 February 2010). "The ripping yarn of a cloth maker's rescue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110611172105/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article7026938.ece) . The Times . Archived from the original (http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/consumer_goods/article7026938.ece) on 11 June 2011 . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Partner Sites" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100405115318/http://www.savilerowbespoke.com/Members/Partner_Sites/) . Savile Row Bespoke. Archived from the original (http://www.savilerowbespoke.com/Members/Partner_Sites/) on 5 April 2010 . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Wills, Jon (14 January 2010). "Deborah Meaden takes over Fox Brothers" (http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/somerset_news/4851856.Deborah_Meaden_takes_over_Fox_Brothers/) . thisisthewestcountry.co.uk . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-bristol_8-0) "Fox cuts its cloth to fit the profile of an outstanding innovative outfit" (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-14808304.html) . Western Daily Press. 29 August 2007 . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-savile_9-0) "Men are going soft again" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101105150852/http://www.savilerow-style.com/issue004/page4.htm) . Savile Row Style Magazine. Archived from the original (http://www.savilerow-style.com/issue004/page4.htm) on 5 November 2010 . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Deborah invests in Fox Brothers Ltd, makers of the world's finest wool cloth" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100514051120/http://www.deborahmeaden.com/news/53/33) . Deborah Meaden official website. 22 January 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.deborahmeaden.com/news/53/33) on 14 May 2010 . Retrieved 15 February 2010 . 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American shoe store Shoe Show Inc. A modern Shoe Dept. Encore store format. Opened 2013. Located inside Southern Park Mall (/wiki/Southern_Park_Mall) , Boardman, Ohio (/wiki/Boardman,_Ohio) . Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1960 (64 years ago) ( 1960 ) in Kannapolis (/wiki/Kannapolis,_North_Carolina) , North Carolina (/wiki/North_Carolina) , U.S. Founder Robert Bright Tucker Headquarters Concord, North Carolina (/wiki/Concord,_North_Carolina) , U.S. Number of locations over 1200 Area served United States Key people Lisa Tucker(CEO) Products Footwear Revenue $6.2 billion [1] (#cite_note-1) Divisions (/wiki/Division_(business)) The Shoe Dept. Burlington Shoes The Shoe Dept. Encore Shoebilee! Website www (https://www.shoeshowmega.com/) .shoeshowmega (https://www.shoeshowmega.com/) .com (https://www.shoeshowmega.com/) Shoe Show, Inc. is an American footwear (/wiki/Footwear) retailer based in Concord, North Carolina (/wiki/Concord,_North_Carolina) . It operates shoe stores throughout the United States under the brands Shoe Show, Shoe Dept., Shoe Dept. Encore, Shoebilee!, Burlington Shoes, and Shoe Show Mega. The company was founded in 1960 by Robert B. Tucker [2] (#cite_note-2) and has more than 1150 locations. [3] (#cite_note-3) It acquired Burlington Shoes in 1986, Altier Shoes in 1993 [4] (#cite_note-4) and Shoebilee! in 2002. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the early 2000s, the company began opening Shoe Dept. Encore stores, which are larger than regular Shoe Dept. stores. [6] (#cite_note-6) Shoe Show, Waycross, Georgia Brands sold by Shoe Show [ edit ] Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Aloha Island (/w/index.php?title=Aloha_Island&action=edit&redlink=1) Brooks (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) Champion (/wiki/Champion) Crocs (/wiki/Crocs) Drexlite (/w/index.php?title=Drexlite&action=edit&redlink=1) Fila (/wiki/Fila) Hey Dude (Shoes) (/w/index.php?title=Hey_Dude_(Shoes)&action=edit&redlink=1) Hot Tomato (Shoes) (/w/index.php?title=Hot_Tomato_(Shoes)&action=edit&redlink=1) Nautica (/wiki/Nautica) New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) No Call (/w/index.php?title=No_Call&action=edit&redlink=1) Palms Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Skechers (/wiki/Skechers) Timberland (/wiki/Timberland_(company)) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Vans (/wiki/Vans) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Schneider-Levy, Barbara. "This Billion-Dollar Retailer Sells 1 Million Pairs of Shoes a Week — Here’s How it Became Successful" (https://footwearnews.com/2020/business/retail/shoe-show-1-million-shoes-60-year-anniversary-1202924940/) , Footwear News , February 17, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Shoe Show mulls Kannapolis expansion" (http://www.bizjournals.com/charlotte/stories/2006/10/23/daily36.html) . Charlotte Business Journal . October 25, 2006 . Retrieved December 24, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Company info" (https://www.shoeshow.com/about) . Shoe Show.com . Retrieved July 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Business Briefs" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=flpCAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-aoMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6711,3215495&dq=shoe-show+robert-tucker&hl=en) . Middlesboro Daily News . February 29, 1996 . Retrieved December 24, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Shoe Show acquires 44 Shoebilee stores" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QkwcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LloEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6622,6499192&dq=shoe-show+robert-tucker&hl=en) . The Victoria Advocate . February 27, 2002 . Retrieved 2019-09-22 . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-6) Arthur E. Foulkes (December 29, 2009). "National retailer to open new store in Honey Creek Mall" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120318004455/http://tribstar.com/business/x546426312/National-retailer-to-open-new-store-in-Honey-Creek-Mall) . TribStar.com . Archived from the original (http://tribstar.com/business/x546426312/National-retailer-to-open-new-store-in-Honey-Creek-Mall) on 2012-03-18 . Retrieved 2019-09-22 . External links [ edit ] Shoe Show website (https://www.shoeshow.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7b964c8bc7‐sxrkl Cached time: 20240709035448 Cache expiry: 1973114 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.294 seconds Real time usage: 0.547 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1911/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26184/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3403/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21630/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.171/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5244535/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 388.381 1 -total 38.73% 150.430 1 Template:Infobox_company 36.40% 141.377 1 Template:Reflist 22.96% 89.169 1 Template:Infobox 22.67% 88.034 3 Template:Cite_web 20.70% 80.379 1 Template:Short_description 11.71% 45.477 2 Template:Pagetype 10.40% 40.374 10 Template:Main_other 8.07% 31.336 1 Template:Dead_link 6.78% 26.322 1 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30177587-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709035448 and revision id 1227594776. 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1922 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1922) 1923 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1923) 1924 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1924) 1925 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1925) 1926 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1926) 1927 1928 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1928) 1929 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1929) 1930 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1930) 1931 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1931) 1932 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1932) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐dw4nv Cached time: 20240718083159 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.157 seconds Real time usage: 0.192 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.129/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 182.450 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 182.450 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51787158-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083159 and revision id 974957191. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1927" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Amorett Konfektionsfabrik (/wiki/Amorett_Konfektionsfabrik) B Bali (lingerie) (/wiki/Bali_(lingerie)) M Maison Schiaparelli (/wiki/Maison_Schiaparelli) Sally Milgrim (/wiki/Sally_Milgrim) R Resistol (/wiki/Resistol) Rose Valois (/wiki/Rose_Valois) S Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A. (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_S.p.A.) W J. M. Weston (/wiki/J._M._Weston) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927&oldid=974957191 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927&oldid=974957191) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920s fashion (/wiki/Category:1920s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1927 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1927) Manufacturing companies established in 1927 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1927) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Luxembourg) wearing a bright red bumper brim hat in 2008 A bumper brim is a millinery feature in which the hat brim (/wiki/Hat_brim) is tubular in design, making it a prominent feature of the hat. In order to achieve this effect, the brim may be rolled, stiffened or padded. A bumper brim can be added to a variety of hat designs, from small to large. [1] (#cite_note-A_Dictionary_of_Costume_Brooks_Picken-1) History of the design [ edit ] A bumper-brim design at Ascot Races (/wiki/Eagle_Farm_Racecourse) , Brisbane in 1939 The bumper brim was popular during the 1930s, when it was added to small hats, usually these were tilted well forward on the face. [2] (#cite_note-Pittsburgh_Post_Gazette_17061939-2) It could be incorporated into hats made of a variety of materials; a 1937 article in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) describes a new trend in London for small summertime bumper brim hats, designed for street rather than beach wear, made of straw, grosgrain (/wiki/Grosgrain) or felt (/wiki/Felt) . [3] (#cite_note-The_Times_47641-3) In the same year, a Virginia Gardner article in the Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) reported on key trends from Chicago designers and highlighted the bumper brim as the major innovation of the season. "'The new muffin hat', a buyer explained. 'It is exceeded in importance only by the new bumper brim'." [4] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_Gardner-4) Bumper-brimmed designs also featured in the 1940s, when they were often worn well back on the head – often in the style of a halo hat (/wiki/Halo_hat) – in order to frame the face. [ citation needed ] Millinery editor of Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) Maud G. Moody attended a 1946 fashion show in New York held by representatives of the French millinery industry – including Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) and Rose Descat (/w/index.php?title=Rose_Descat&action=edit&redlink=1) – and described the most notable designs as including beret (/wiki/Beret) -type hats with bumper brims. She also highlighted a wide-brimmed padre hat (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) , combining red crown with navy-blue bumper brim. [5] (#cite_note-Milwaukee_Journal_09061946-5) In the 1950s, hats with bumper brims were often worn square on, creating a wider profile. [1] (#cite_note-A_Dictionary_of_Costume_Brooks_Picken-1) Notable bumper brim hats [ edit ] Beatrix of the Netherlands (/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands) wore a blue bumper brim design in 2013 during a visit to Amsterdam by President Putin (/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) wore a blue velour (/wiki/Velour) rolled-brim hat at Bill Clinton (/wiki/Bill_Clinton) 's 1993 Presidential Inauguration. The design, which was by Connecticut milliner Darcy Creech, attracted criticism. [6] (#cite_note-Hartford_Courant_Larcen-6) An article in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) reported it was considered unflattering by fashion critics and some commentators considered it inappropriate to wear a hat once her jacket had been removed. [7] (#cite_note-NYT_Schiro-7) An article originally published in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) ahead of the 2009 inauguration of Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) provided a run-through of previous fashion hits and misses among first ladies and noted that Hillary Clinton's headgear had become known as the "Oh-God-What-is-That? Hat". [8] (#cite_note-FWN_Armstrong-8) Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands (/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands) favours a bumper-brim style, wearing a blue version during a 2013 visit to Amsterdam with President Putin (/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) . She also wore a distinctive multiple-rimmed bumper design in black straw for the memorial service to Richard von Weizsaecker (/wiki/Richard_von_Weizsaecker) in February 2015. [ citation needed ] Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) 's bumper brim worn at the 1993 presidential inauguration – the so-called "Oh-God-What-is-That?" hat See also [ edit ] Halo hat (/wiki/Halo_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Brooks Picken, Mary (1999). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern (1999 ed.). United States: Dover Publications. p. 27 (https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcost0000pick/page/27) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486402940 . Retrieved 31 January 2015 . dictionary of fashion + bumper brim hat. ^ (#cite_ref-Pittsburgh_Post_Gazette_17061939_2-0) "Striped Summer Fashion with Bumper Brim Hat to Match (advert)" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19390617&id=pZljAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fWkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6084,3777308&hl=en) . Pittsburgh Post Gazette . 17 June 1939 . Retrieved 6 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_47641_3-0) "London Fashion: Holiday Hats and Blouses". The Times . No. 47641. 24 March 1937. ^ (#cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune_Gardner_4-0) Gardner, Virginia (3 February 1937). "City's Fashion Creators Win Buyers' Cheers" (http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1937/02/03/page/19/article/suits-jackets-and-capes-please-style-experts-at-fashion-show) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 6 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Milwaukee_Journal_09061946_5-0) "Coupling French Fashion with American Function Now Satisfying Fashion Picture" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19460609&id=gBoaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NCUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2327,3898442&hl=en) . Milwaukee Journal . 9 June 1946 . Retrieved 6 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hartford_Courant_Larcen_6-0) Larcen, Donna (11 May 1993). "Hat maker's career capped by inauguration" (http://articles.courant.com/1993-05-11/features/0000102215_1_hat-business-brim-grosgrain) . Hartford Courant . Retrieved 21 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-NYT_Schiro_7-0) Schiro, Anne-Marie (22 January 1993). "SETTLING IN: The Fashion Scene; A Blue Hat Has Critics Wondering" (https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/22/us/settling-in-the-fashion-scene-a-blue-hat-has-critics-wondering.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 6 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-FWN_Armstrong_8-0) Armstrong, Lisa (16 January 2009). "Which Fashion Designer Will Michelle Obama Wear to the Inauguration?" (http://www.fashionweeknews.com/2009/01/16/times-online-what-will-michelle-obama-wear-to-the-inauguration/) . Fashion Week News . Retrieved 6 April 2015 . External links [ edit ] Hattie Carnegie bumper-brim design in black wool at Metropolitan Museum of Art (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/116629?rpp=30&pg=1&ft=hattie+carnegie&pos=29) Selbine straw halo-style hat with bumper brim at Metropolitan Museum of Art (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/169335?rpp=30&pg=31&ft=hats&when=A.D.+1900-present&pos=907) Sally Victor small tilt hat with multiple bumper brims at Metropolitan Museum of Art (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/157160?rpp=30&pg=44&ft=hats&when=A.D.+1900-present&pos=1293) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Linda_Rodin) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Linda_Rodin) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Linda Rodin" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Linda+Rodin%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Linda+Rodin%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . 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Find sources: "Linda Rodin" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Linda+Rodin%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Linda+Rodin%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Linda+Rodin%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Linda Rodin Born 1947 or 1948 (age 76–77) Occupation(s) Entrepreneur; model; stylist Linda Rodin (born 1947 or 1948) [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) is an American beauty entrepreneur, model, and former stylist. Biography [ edit ] Rodin worked as a model in the 1960s and 70s. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) She then built a career as a boutique owner in Soho (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) , [1] (#cite_note-:4-1) a buyer at Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) , and a stylist for Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) and Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) In 2008, she founded her beauty company, Rodin, from her kitchen in Chelsea (/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan) , New York City. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) It was acquired by Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) in 2014. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Initially focused on facial oils (/wiki/Moisturizer) , the company now also produces hand creams, body oils, fragrances, and soaps. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) After a forty-year hiatus from modelling, Rodin began modelling again in her 60s, working with such brands as J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) and The Row (/wiki/The_Row_(fashion_label)) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [3] (#cite_note-:5-3) She has been recognized for her distinct personal style (described in Vogue as "silver hair, oversize glasses, and bright lipstick"), [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) which has earned her a wide following on social media and attention from fashion media. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Georgiou, Kiki (9 May 2016). "A Rodin Masterpiece" (http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/a-rodin-masterpiece-a-beauty-empire-focused-on-craft-and-story-telling-a7016391.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 4 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Doppelt, Gabé (6 May 2015). "What Happens When You Give Linda Rodin Some Crayons" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/06/t-magazine/illustrated-interview-linda-rodin-in-crayon.html) . T: The New York Times Style Magazine . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 3 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Donahue, Wendy (8 October 2014). "Linda Rodin: A style icon to women half her age" (https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/sc-fash-0929-linda-rodin-20141008-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 4 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Armstrong, Lisa (2 July 2016). "Linda Rodin: The most fashionable 60-something shares the secrets of enduring style" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/linda-rodin-the-most-fashionable-60-something-shares-the-secrets/) . The Telegraph . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 3 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Okwodu, Janelle (12 July 2017). "Beauty Mogul Linda Rodin Shares the Secrets to Her Ageless Style" (https://www.vogue.com/article/fashion-beauty-mogul-linda-rodin-9-to-5) . Vogue . Retrieved 3 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ellenberg, Celia (5 December 2013). "Linda Rodin Expands Her Makeup Line" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/linda-rodin-expands-her-makeup-line-1386273677) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Retrieved 3 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Satenstein, Liana (13 January 2017). "This 68-Year-Old Model Is Coveted By Designers at Home and Abroad" (https://www.vogue.com/article/linda-rodin-model-tamuna-ingorokva-spring-2017) . Vogue . Retrieved 4 February 2020 . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion journalists (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fashion_journalists) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐526fc Cached time: 20240721163242 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.047 seconds Real time usage: 0.144 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2561/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 356/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.025/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946172/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 137.716 1 Template:Commons_cat 100.00% 137.716 1 -total 97.94% 134.879 1 Template:Sister_project 96.76% 133.250 1 Template:Side_box 3.39% 4.667 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10212383-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721163242 and revision id 858447451. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. A American fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_journalists) ‎ (68 P) Australian fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:Australian_fashion_journalists) ‎ (4 P) B British fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:British_fashion_journalists) ‎ (1 C, 42 P) C Canadian fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:Canadian_fashion_journalists) ‎ (15 P) Chinese fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:Chinese_fashion_journalists) ‎ (3 P) F French fashion journalists (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_journalists) ‎ (9 P) Pages in category "Fashion journalists" The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Marit Allen (/wiki/Marit_Allen) B Barbara (painter) (/wiki/Barbara_(painter)) Irene Brin (/wiki/Irene_Brin) Bryanboy (/wiki/Bryanboy) C Claymoor (Mișu Văcărescu) (/wiki/Claymoor_(Mi%C8%99u_V%C4%83c%C4%83rescu)) D Anna Dello Russo (/wiki/Anna_Dello_Russo) F Sofi Fahrman (/wiki/Sofi_Fahrman) Tania Fares (/wiki/Tania_Fares) G Paul Galvin (Gaelic footballer) (/wiki/Paul_Galvin_(Gaelic_footballer)) Nina García (/wiki/Nina_Garc%C3%ADa) Glamourina (/wiki/Glamourina) K Lizzette Kattan (/wiki/Lizzette_Kattan) Antony King-Deacon (/wiki/Antony_King-Deacon) L Lera Loeb (/wiki/Lera_Loeb) M Hilde Marstrander (/wiki/Hilde_Marstrander) Helena Matheopoulos (/wiki/Helena_Matheopoulos) Dorothea Melis (/wiki/Dorothea_Melis) N Badara Ndiaye (/wiki/Badara_Ndiaye) Vaan Nguyen (/wiki/Vaan_Nguyen) P Peeco (/wiki/Peeco) Lindsay Peoples Wagner (/wiki/Lindsay_Peoples_Wagner) Anna Piaggi (/wiki/Anna_Piaggi) Marian Pritchard (/wiki/Marian_Pritchard) R Emma Rosenblum (/wiki/Emma_Rosenblum) S Angela Scanlon (/wiki/Angela_Scanlon) Bradford Shellhammer (/wiki/Bradford_Shellhammer) Honorata Skarbek (/wiki/Honorata_Skarbek) Kiki Sørum (/wiki/Kiki_S%C3%B8rum) Carla Sozzani (/wiki/Carla_Sozzani) Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) Ece Sükan (/wiki/Ece_S%C3%BCkan) T Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) Annabel Tollman (/wiki/Annabel_Tollman) Stefano Tonchi (/wiki/Stefano_Tonchi) W Rashida Renée (/wiki/Rashida_Ren%C3%A9e) Z Mahla Zamani (/wiki/Mahla_Zamani) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_journalists&oldid=858447451 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_journalists&oldid=858447451) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion journalism (/wiki/Category:Fashion_journalism) People in fashion (/wiki/Category:People_in_fashion) Journalists by subject (/wiki/Category:Journalists_by_subject) Design writers (/wiki/Category:Design_writers) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Wholesale and retail resort clothing brand Island Company Industry Apparel, clothing, fashion, retail Founded 2002 Founder Spencer Antle (/wiki/Spencer_Antle) Defunct 2019 Headquarters West Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida) Area served U.S.A, Caribbean, Central America, Asia, Europe Products Swimwear, sunglasses, suncare, candles, beach accessories, jewelry & footwear Divisions (/wiki/Division_(business)) Island Company Originals, Island Company Retail, Island Company Lifestyle Products, Escape Travel Live, Island Vintage Island Company was a wholesale and retail resort clothing brand founded in 2002 by Spencer Antle (/wiki/Spencer_Antle) . [1] (#cite_note-1) As of 2019, the company shut down its retail stores due to extensive damage from Hurricane Irma (/wiki/Hurricane_Irma) . The firm had expanded from a small collection of women’s swimwear to products ranging from men’s and women’s travel apparel, a skin care line, sunglasses, and beach and home accessories. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] When Island Company was started, Antle and his girlfriend drove from store to store selling the line of 13 bikinis from their car. When they separated, Antle kept Island Company and added a men’s line and other new products. The line was soon picked up by destination resort shops in the Ritz Carlton (/wiki/Ritz_Carlton) and Four Seasons Hotels (/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotels) , starting a transition for Island Company to become a full lifestyle resort brand, beyond just a bikini (/wiki/Bikini) line. [3] (#cite_note-3) In the economic downturn of 2008, the firm opened 5 retail stores in 18 months, at a time when most other retailers were closing their doors. However, some of those retail locations have since closed. Since then, the firm was listed in Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) magazine's Top 5000 fastest growing companies in the U.S.A, nominated from 2010 to 2015. [4] (#cite_note-4) Lawsuits [ edit ] Kendall and Kylie Jenner, Pac-Sun [ edit ] In October 2014, Island Company filed a lawsuit against Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) and Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) for trademark infringement [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) against Island Company’s slogan "Quit your job. Buy a ticket. Get a tan. Fall in love. Never return." [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) The Jenners had created a tee shirt, through their deal with teen surf retailer PacSun (/wiki/PacSun) , using the phrase "Run away. Fall in love. Never return.” The firm said, the Jenners’ version, “is likely to cause confusion, mistake, and deception among consumers.” [17] (#cite_note-17) In January 2015, the parties settled with Island Company receiving an undisclosed sum and Pac Sun removing all remaining product from stores. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) Abercrombie [ edit ] In July 2013, Island Company filed a lawsuit against Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) for trademark infringement (/wiki/Trademark_infringement) . It alleged that the retailer used Island Company's trademarked "Quit your job. Buy a ticket. Get a tan. Fall in Love. Never return." mantra. [25] (#cite_note-levi-25) Cotton On [ edit ] In mid-December 2015, Island Company filed suit against Cotton On (/wiki/Cotton_On_Group) , for their tee shirt “Quit You’r (sic) Job, Buy a Ticket, Travel the World, Fall in Love, Repeat.” Island Company called Cotton On’s grammatically challenged slogan “confusingly similar” to its catchphrase. Island Company asked a federal judge to order Cotton On to destroy the offending garments. [26] (#cite_note-26) Free People [ edit ] A suit was filed on August 31, 2017, in U.S. District Court by Island Company against Free People (/wiki/Free_People) . The suit alleged that Island Company’s trademark was infringed on by a similar logo “Buy A Ticket, Tune In, Rock Out, Never Return,” used on some merchandise sold by Free People. [27] (#cite_note-27) Locations [ edit ] Island Company had 12 freestanding, branded retail stores; Naples, Florida (/wiki/Naples,_Florida) , Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) , Cayman Islands (/wiki/Cayman_Islands) , Ritz-Carlton (/wiki/Ritz-Carlton) Ft. Lauderdale (/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida) , Nantucket (/wiki/Nantucket) , Martha’s Vineyard (/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard) , East Hampton NY (/wiki/East_Hampton_(town),_New_York) , two in Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) at the (Venetian Las Vegas), the Fashion Show Mall, and two in Harbour Island (/wiki/Harbour_Island,_Bahamas) in the Bahamas (/wiki/The_Bahamas) . In June 2015, it was announced that Island Company would be opening a 4,000 square foot store at the Ritz-Carlton (/wiki/Ritz-Carlton) in Ft. Lauderdale (/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida) , Florida. [28] (#cite_note-Sun-28) The firm sold to over 1000 wholesale accounts worldwide. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) Its products were distributed in the North America (/wiki/North_America) , South America (/wiki/South_America) , the Caribbean (/wiki/Caribbean) , and Europe (/wiki/Europe) . In July 2019, all stores were forced to close. Closure [ edit ] Island Company closed in July 2019 due to destruction from Hurricane Irma. See also [ edit ] List of swimwear brands (/wiki/List_of_swimwear_brands) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Spring Fling - Island Company's Le French One-Piece (11) - FORTUNE Small Business" (https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fsb/0804/gallery.spring_fling.fsb/11.html) . money.cnn.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Pbpulse.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101129075337/http://www.pbpulse.com/style/2009/12/17/spencer-antle-the-jimmy-buffett-of-beach-wear/) . Archived from the original (http://www.pbpulse.com/style/2009/12/17/spencer-antle-the-jimmy-buffett-of-beach-wear/) on November 29, 2010 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Milforddailynews.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110929001025/http://www.milforddailynews.com/entertainment/arts/x1302393014) . Archived from the original (http://www.milforddailynews.com/entertainment/arts/x1302393014) on September 29, 2011 . Retrieved December 1, 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Naplesnews.com" (http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2010/nov/26/island-company-naples-store-travel-apparel-antle/) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Duboff, Josh (October 26, 2015). "Kendall and Kylie Jenner Have Been Sued over T-Shirt Copy" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2015/10/kendall-kylie-jenner-pacsun-island-company-lawsuit) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Kendall and Kylie Jenner's T-Shirts Are Being Pulled From Stores After a Major Lawsuit" (http://www.seventeen.com/fashion/celeb-fashion/news/a37041/kendall-and-kylie-jenners-t-shirts-are-being-pulled-from-stores-after-major-lawsuit/) . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Berrington, Katie (January 6, 2016). "Who Sued Kendall And Kylie?" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/kendall-and-kylie-jenner-pacsun-sued-trademarked-t-shirts-lawsuit) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Kendall and Kylie Forced to Pull Copycat T-Shirt From Stores" (http://www.racked.com/2016/1/6/10723228/kendall-kylie-pacsun-lawsuit) . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Kylie and Kendall Jenner settle clothing line lawsuit" (http://www.torontosun.com/2016/01/06/kylie-and-kendall-jenner-settle-clothing-line-lawsuit) . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Jenners, PacSun Settle Lawsuit over Copied T-Shirts" (http://www.thefashionlaw.com/home/jenners-pacsun-settle-lawsuit-over-copied-t-shirts) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Schlossberg, Mallory (January 6, 2016). "PacSun doesn't want you to see this shirt that Kendall and Kylie Jenner designed" (http://www.businessinsider.sg/jenner-sisters-under-fire-for-copying-a-shirt-at-pacsun-2016-1/#.Vo2Bbja4kdV#yAJuhzBIu4izjtPd.97) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Quit Your Job Mantra - The Origin of Life Warrior - Wanderlust" (http://www.islandlifestyle.com/quit-your-job-mantra/) . www.islandlifestyle.com . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Lea Michele knows Cory Monteith 'would love' Matthew Paetz, plus more news" (https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/celebrity/lea-michele-knows-cory-monteith-would-love-matthew-paetz-plus-more-news/ss-AAgrOUM#image=7) . www.msn.com . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "PacSun doesn't want you to see this shirt that Kendall and Kylie Jenner designed" (http://www.businessinsider.com/jenner-sisters-under-fire-for-copying-a-shirt-at-pacsun-2016-1) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . May 14, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Kendall and Kylie Jenner Plan Fashion Collection Release After PacSun Lawsuit Settlement" (http://www.celebuzz.com/2016-01-06/kendall-kylie-jenner-fashion-collection-after-pacsun-lawsuit-settlement/) . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "celebrities - Latest News, Photos and Videos - J-14" (http://www.j-14.com/posts/kylie-and-kendall-s-t-shirts-removed-from-stores-86217) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Kendall And Kylie Jenner Are Being Sued Over PacSun Clothing Line" (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/10/26/kendall-kylie-jenner-sued_n_8391578.html) . October 26, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "PacSun doesn't want you to see this shirt that Kendall and Kylie Jenner designed" (https://www.yahoo.com/style/heres-shirt-kendall-kylie-jenner-171936755.html) . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Kendall and Kylie's shirts removed from stores after lawsuit" (http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/kendall-and-kylies-shirts-removed-from-stores-after-lawsuit/) . www.easternmirrornagaland.com . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Here's the shirt Kendall and Kylie Jenner designed that PacSun doesn't want you to see - KardashianToday.com" (http://www.kardashiantoday.com/article/here-s-the-shirt-kendall-and-kylie-jenner-designed-that-pacsun-doesn-t-want-you-to-see-40139549-32073d.html) . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Kendall & Kylie Tees Pulled From PacSun - Baller Alert" (http://www.balleralert.com/profiles/blogs/kendall-kylie-tees-pulled-from-pacsun) . www.balleralert.com . January 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Schlossberg, Mallory. "PacSun doesn't want you to see this shirt that Kendall and Kylie Jenner designed" (http://www.kinston.com/article/ZZ/20160106/BUSINESS/301069875) . ^ (#cite_ref-23) nurun.com (January 6, 2016). "Kylie and Kendall Jenner settle fashion lawsuit" (http://www.thewhig.com/2016/01/06/kylie-and-kendall-jenner-settle-clothing-line-lawsuit) . The Kingston Whig-Standard . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Schlossberg, Mallory (January 7, 2016). "Here's the shirt Kendall and Kylie Jenner designed that PacSun doesn't want you to see" (http://www.businessinsider.com.au/jenner-sisters-under-fire-for-copying-a-shirt-at-pacsun-2016-1) . ^ (#cite_ref-levi_25-0) "Clematis Street Retailer sues Abercrombie & Fitch" (https://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/crime--law/word-clematis-street-retailer-sues-abercrombie-fitch-over-shirt-design/iHRCpUBOaJaYCAEndYvoiM/) . CNN . July 26, 2007 . Retrieved June 22, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Ostrowski, Jeff. "Catchy slogan at heart of lawsuit filed by Palm Beach company" (https://www.palmbeachpost.com/article/20151230/BUSINESS/812069024) . The Palm Beach Post . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Roy, Eleanor. "Island Company, Free People settle trademark lawsuit" (https://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/crime--law/island-company-free-people-settle-trademark-lawsuit/zKw6FkBkW04yeRqze3lyGK/) . Palm Beach Daily News . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sun_28-0) Satchell, Arlene. "Ritz-Carlton Fort Lauderdale begins $9 million summer renovation" (http://www.sun-sentinel.com/business/tourism/fl-ritz-carlton-lauderdale-upgrades-20150630-story.html) . Sun Sentinel . Retrieved April 21, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Thurman, Elizabeth (June 10, 2009). "Island Company Grows Retail Footprint" (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/island-company-grows-retail-footprint-2163676) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Wilson, Sara (October 1, 2007). "Isle Style" (http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/184286) . 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This article possibly contains original research (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research) . Please improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bag_charm&action=edit) by verifying (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) the claims made and adding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( January 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A bag charm is a piece of jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) that decorates a handbag (/wiki/Handbag) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Bag charms may resemble a key chain, a bracelet or a necklace. History [ edit ] While charms and charm bracelets (/wiki/Charm_bracelet) have existed since antiquity, jewellery specifically designed to adorn hand-bags (as opposed to jewellery designed to be worn on one's own body) is a relatively recent innovation, with popularity rising in the late 20th century stemming from celebrity endorsements. Materials and price [ edit ] Bag charms have been made from practically every available material: gold (/wiki/Gold) , steel (/wiki/Steel) , textile (/wiki/Textile) , leather (/wiki/Leather) , sequins (/wiki/Sequin) , precious and semi-precious stones, pearls (/wiki/Pearl) , etc. Making of bag charms is not only a trade, it has become an art, with some labeled pieces, becoming priceless collectable items. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Dress Up Your Handbag With a Novelty Charm! :fashion:glamour.com (http://www.glamour.com/fashion/blogs/dressed/2013/10/a-fun-quirky-way-to-update-you.html) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Fendi Buggies Are The Cutest Handbag Charms Ever : InStyle.com What's Right Now (http://news.instyle.com/2013/11/04/fendi-buggies-fur-handbag-charms/) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bag_charm&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐ps6ft Cached time: 20240712175635 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.173 seconds Real time usage: 0.230 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 209/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7631/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 85/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7591/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.117/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1127694/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 208.883 1 -total 48.12% 100.516 1 Template:Original_research 39.34% 82.167 1 Template:Fashion-stub 39.17% 81.811 1 Template:Ambox 38.37% 80.141 1 Template:Asbox 11.01% 22.995 1 Template:Reflist 1.04% 2.180 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41530674-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712175635 and revision id 765294727. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bag_charm&oldid=765294727 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bag_charm&oldid=765294727) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellery (/wiki/Category:Jewellery) Types of jewellery (/wiki/Category:Types_of_jewellery) Jewellery components (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_components) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles that may contain original research from January 2014 (/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_January_2014) All articles that may contain original research (/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Charles II of England (/wiki/Charles_II_of_England) in rhinegraves, painting by John Michael Wright (/wiki/John_Michael_Wright) , 1661 or 1662 Rhinegraves are a form of breeches (/wiki/Breeches) which were popular from the early 1660s until the mid-1670s in Western Europe. They were very full petticoat breeches (/wiki/Petticoat_breeches) gathered at or above the knee. They were worn under petticoat breeches or under an overskirt (/wiki/Overskirt) which was decorated with ribbon loops around the waist and around the knee. Where the knee was gathered, a large frill of lace and stocking tops added further decoration. Man in Black , by Gerard ter Borch, c. 1673 [1] (#cite_note-1) Boy servant wearing close-fitting breeches and petticoat breeches over them, 1657 During the 1670s as the longer coat and long waistcoat became popular, these very full breeches became less full and by the late 1670s and early 1680s they were replaced by more tight fitting breeches with the stockings worn over them. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Petticoat breeches, or rhinegraves, 20,000 Years of Fashion (/wiki/20,000_Years_of_Fashion) , plate 580 This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhinegraves&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐fdzbv Cached time: 20240712173248 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.097 seconds Real time usage: 0.130 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 127/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3127/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 75/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8039/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.055/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 851114/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 99.051 1 -total 73.65% 72.953 1 Template:Fashion-stub 72.04% 71.354 1 Template:Asbox 26.27% 26.020 1 Template:Reflist 1.92% 1.902 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2507501-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712173248 and revision id 1028908708. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhinegraves&oldid=1028908708 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhinegraves&oldid=1028908708) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) Breeches (/wiki/Category:Breeches) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden category: All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Austrian princess (born 1959) Sophie Habsburg Born ( 1959-01-19 ) 19 January 1959 (age 65) Boulogne-sur-Seine (/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Seine) , Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Spouse Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz (/wiki/Mariano_Hugo,_Prince_of_Windisch-Graetz) ( m. 1990) House (/wiki/Dynasty) House of Habsburg-Lorraine (/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine) (by birth) Windisch-Graetz (/wiki/House_of_Windisch-Graetz) (by marriage) Father Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria Mother Countess Helene zu Törring-Jettenbach Occupation Model, journalist, handbag designer Sophie Franziska Maria Germaine Habsburg also known as Archduchess Sophie of Austria [1] (#cite_note-adg-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) (born on 19 January 1959) is a French-born Italian designer, German aristocrat (/wiki/German_nobility) and former model. Career [ edit ] Sophie Habsburg was born in Paris (/wiki/Paris) on 19 January 1959, the daughter of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Max of Austria (/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Max_of_Austria) and Countess Helene of Törring-Jettenbach (/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_of_Greece_and_Denmark#Marriage_and_issue) . She descends from the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine) , which reigned over Austria-Hungary (/wiki/Austria-Hungary) until its deposition in 1918. While studying interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) in her hometown, she worked as a model. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) At the age of 20, Habsburg moved to Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) and had a successful career in modelling. She appeared in De Beers (/wiki/De_Beers) and Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) commercials, as well as on the cover of the first issue of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Spain . At the same time she also designed jewellery and worked as decorator, radio host and journalist, interviewing royals and actors. She became friends with Richard Gere (/wiki/Richard_Gere) after an interview and raised funds with him for the charity SOS Children's Villages (/wiki/SOS_Children%27s_Villages) . [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) In 2010, Habsburg started designing handbags, known to some as Habsbags. Habsbags are often worn by members of the Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_royal_family) and British (/wiki/British_royal_family) royal families. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) Ancestry [ edit ] Through her maternal grandmother, Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_of_Greece_and_Denmark) , Sophie is a first cousin once removed of: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent) , Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy) and Prince Michael of Kent (/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent) . Habsburg is a second cousin once removed of Queen Sofía of Spain (/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) and King Charles III (/wiki/King_Charles_III) , making Sophie a third cousin of Felipe VI of Spain (/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain) and William, Prince of Wales (/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales) . She is also a third cousin once removed of Margrethe II of Denmark (/wiki/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark) and Harald V of Norway (/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway) ; and a fourth cousin to Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg (/wiki/Grand_Duke_Henri_of_Luxembourg) and King Philippe of Belgium (/wiki/King_Philippe_of_Belgium) . Personal life [ edit ] On 11 February 1990 in Salzburg (/wiki/Salzburg) , Sophie Habsburg married Prince Mariano Hugo of Windisch-Graetz (/wiki/Mariano_Hugo_of_Windisch-Graetz) , member of the House of Windisch-Graetz (/wiki/House_of_Windisch-Graetz) . They had three children, one of whom, Prince Alexis Ferdinand, died in a car accident in 2010. [6] (#cite_note-Vogue-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-adg_1-0) Almanach de Gotha (/wiki/Almanach_de_Gotha) (2018), 'Austria', Pages 42-86 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels (1978), 'Österreich, P 111-139 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Burkes Royal Families of the World Vol 1 (1977), Page 10-32 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Les Maisons Imperiales et Royales d'Europe (1966), Pages 16-88 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch (2015), Pages 167-225 ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Sophie Habsburg" (http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/focus-on/2013/08/sophie-habsburg) . Italian Vogue. References [ edit ] ¡HOLA! USA: celebrities news, fashion and beauty - us.hola.com (http://www.hola.com) (in Spanish) Exclusiva en ¡HOLA!: Sofía de Habsburgo, princesa de Windisch-Graetz, nos recibe en su casa-palacio de Caserta, cerca de Nápoles, donde tiene las raíces familiares (http://www.hola.com/realeza/2011090254267/sofia-habsburgo-hola/) (in Spanish) ABC (Madrid) - 24/07/1985, p. 84 - ABC.es Hemeroteca (http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1985/07/24/084.html) v t e Austrian archduchesses by descent (/wiki/Archduke#Other_dynastic_Habsburg_use) Generations are numbered by male-line descent from Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor) . Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919. 1st generation Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria (/wiki/Kunigunde_of_Austria) 2nd generation Margaret, Duchess of Savoy (/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_Savoy) 3rd generation Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France (/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria) * Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway (/wiki/Isabella_of_Austria) * Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia (/wiki/Mary_of_Hungary_(governor_of_the_Netherlands)) * Catherine, Queen of Portugal (/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Portugal) * 4th generation Maria, Holy Roman Empress (/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Holy_Roman_Empress) * Joanna, Princess of Portugal (/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Princess_of_Portugal) * Elisabeth, Queen of Poland (/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Austria_(1526%E2%80%931545)) Anna, Duchess of Bavaria (/wiki/Archduchess_Anna_of_Austria) Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg) Magdalena (/wiki/Archduchess_Magdalena_of_Austria) Catherine, Queen of Poland (/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland) Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua (/wiki/Archduchess_Eleanor_of_Austria) Margaret (/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(nun)) Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara (/wiki/Archduchess_Barbara_of_Austria) Helena (/wiki/Archduchess_Helena_of_Austria_(1543%E2%80%931574)) Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany) 5th generation Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands (/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia) Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy (/wiki/Catalina_Micaela_of_Spain) Anna, Queen of Spain (/wiki/Anna_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain) Elisabeth, Queen of France (/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France) Margaret (1567–1633) (/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(1567%E2%80%931633)) Maria (1584–1649) (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_of_Austria_(1584%E2%80%931649)) Anna, Holy Roman Empress (/wiki/Anna_of_Tyrol) Anna, Queen of Poland (/wiki/Anne_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland) Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania (/wiki/Maria_Christina,_Princess_of_Transylvania) Catherine Renata (/wiki/Archduchess_Catherine_Renata_of_Austria) Gregoria Maximiliana (/wiki/Archduchess_Gregoria_Maximiliana_of_Austria) Eleanor (1582–1620) (/wiki/Archduchess_Eleanor_of_Austria_(1582%E2%80%931620)) Margaret, Queen of Spain (/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain) Constance, Queen of Poland (/wiki/Constance_of_Austria) Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Maddalena_of_Austria) 6th generation Anna, Queen of France (/wiki/Anne_of_Austria) María (/wiki/Infanta_Maria_of_Spain_(1603)) Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress (/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Spain) Margarita (/wiki/Infanta_Margarita_of_Spain_(1610%E2%80%931617)) Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1610)) Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland (/wiki/Cecilia_Renata_of_Austria) Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua (/wiki/Archduchess_Isabella_Clara_of_Austria) Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress (/wiki/Maria_Leopoldine_of_Austria) 7th generation Maria Theresa, Queen of France (/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain) ** Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress (/wiki/Margaret_Theresa_of_Spain) * Maria Anna, Queen of Spain (/wiki/Mariana_of_Austria) Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine (/wiki/Eleonore_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland) Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_Josepha_of_Austria) Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress (/wiki/Claudia_Felicitas_of_Austria) 8th generation Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria (/wiki/Maria_Antonia_of_Austria) Maria Elisabeth (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(governor)) Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal (/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Austria) Maria Theresa (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1684%E2%80%931696)) Maria Josepha (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Josepha_of_Austria_(1687%E2%80%931703)) Maria Magdalena (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Magdalena_of_Austria_(1689%E2%80%931743)) 9th generation Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland (/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Austria) Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Holy_Roman_Empress) Maria Theresa (/wiki/Maria_Theresa) Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(governor)) 10th generation Maria Elisabeth (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(born_1737)) ^ Maria Anna (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1738)) ^ Maria Carolina (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Carolina_of_Austria_(born_1740)) ^ Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (/wiki/Maria_Christina,_Duchess_of_Teschen) ^ Maria Elisabeth (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(born_1743)) ^ Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma (/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Duchess_of_Parma) ^ Johanna (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Johanna_Gabriela_of_Austria) ^ Maria Josepha (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Josepha_of_Austria) ^ Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples (/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria) ^ Maria Antonia, Queen of France (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) ^ 11th generation Maria Theresa (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1762%E2%80%931770)) Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony (/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1767%E2%80%931827)) ^ Maria Anna (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1770)) ^ Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Clementina_of_Austria) ^ Maria Amalia (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Amalia_of_Austria_(1780%E2%80%931798)) ^ Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia (/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este,_Queen_of_Sardinia) # Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Leopoldine_of_Austria-Este) # Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria (/wiki/Maria_Ludovika_of_Austria-Este) # 12th generation Marie Louise, Empress of the French (/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma) Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil (/wiki/Maria_Leopoldina_of_Austria) Clementina, Princess of Salerno (/wiki/Archduchess_Clementina_of_Austria) Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony (/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Caroline_of_Austria) Maria Anna (/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Anne_of_Austria) Maria Luisa (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Luisa_of_Austria_(1798%E2%80%931857)) ^ Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia (/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)) ^ Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies (/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1816%E2%80%931867)) Maria Caroline (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Karoline_of_Austria) Hermine (/wiki/Archduchess_Hermine_of_Austria) Elisabeth Franziska (/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Franziska_of_Austria) Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians (/wiki/Marie_Henriette_of_Austria) Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia (/wiki/Adelaide_of_Austria) Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1817%E2%80%931886)) # Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón (/wiki/Maria_Beatrix_of_Austria-Este) # 13th generation Maria Anna (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(born_1835)) Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria (/wiki/Archduchess_Auguste_Ferdinande_of_Austria) ^ Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Isabella_of_Austria) ^ Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Luisa_of_Austria_(1845%E2%80%931917)) ^ Mathilda (/wiki/Archduchess_Mathilda_of_Austria) Maria Christina, Queen of Spain (/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_Austria) Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Dorothea_of_Austria) Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis (/wiki/Archduchess_Margarethe_Klementine_of_Austria) Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria (/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1849%E2%80%931919)) # 14th generation Sophie (/wiki/Archduchess_Sophie_of_Austria) Princess Gisela of Bavaria (/wiki/Archduchess_Gisela_of_Austria) Marie Valerie (/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Valerie_of_Austria) Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg (/wiki/Archduchess_Margarete_Sophie_of_Austria) Maria Annunciata (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Annunciata_of_Austria) Princess Elisabeth of 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Princess of Windisch-Graetz (/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Marie_of_Austria) Helena, Duchess of Württemberg (/wiki/Archduchess_Helena_of_Austria) ^ Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg (/wiki/Archduchess_Rosa_of_Austria) ^ Dolores (/wiki/Archduchess_Dolores_of_Austria) ^ Maria Inmaculata (/wiki/Archduchess_Immaculata_of_Austria) ^ Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio (/wiki/Archduchess_Margaretha_of_Austria) ^ Princess Maria Antonia (/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Antonia_of_Austria_(1899%E2%80%931977)) ^ Assunta (/wiki/Archduchess_Assunta_of_Austria) ^ Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil (/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Franziska_of_Austria_(1892%E2%80%931930)) ^ Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg (/wiki/Archduchess_Hedwig_of_Austria) ^ Margaret, Princess of Monteleone (/wiki/Archduchess_Margaret_of_Austria_(born_1925)) Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg (/wiki/Archduchess_Ilona_of_Austria) 16th generation Adelheid (/wiki/Archduchess_Adelheid_of_Austria) Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg 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Line of shoes by Adidas Adidas Top Ten Type Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Inventor Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Inception 1979 ; 45 years ago ( 1979 ) Manufacturer Adidas Available Yes Adidas Top Ten is a line of basketball shoes released by Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) in 1979. The original line has since transitioned to a lifestyle shoe along with its later revisions. History [ edit ] Adidas already had many basketball shoes available, but each shoe was mainly designed around one specific role and position for a player. Adidas wanted to design a shoe that would be more universal and useful to every player on the court. The plan for the shoe also included not only having one player be the face of the new product but rather have the top ten players in the NBA promote the shoes, inspiring the name of "Top Ten". [1] (#cite_note-1) The company decided to contact NBA player Rick Barry (/wiki/Rick_Barry) to help design the shoe. The chosen players to be the group of ten spokespeople were Doug Collins (/wiki/Doug_Collins_(basketball)) , Marques Johnson (/wiki/Marques_Johnson) , Kermit Washington (/wiki/Kermit_Washington) , Adrian Dantley (/wiki/Adrian_Dantley) , Bob Lanier (/wiki/Bob_Lanier) , Bobby Jones (/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(basketball,_born_1951)) , Billy Knight (/wiki/Billy_Knight) , Sidney Wicks (/wiki/Sidney_Wicks) , Mitch Kupchak (/wiki/Mitch_Kupchak) , and Kevin Grevey (/wiki/Kevin_Grevey) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The shoe has been rereleased many times, notably in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States such as Detroit (/wiki/Detroit) . [3] (#cite_note-3) The shoe is often referenced in many media including music and art within the city. [4] (#cite_note-4) Models [ edit ] Top Ten 2000 [ edit ] Adidas had signed Kobe Bryant (/wiki/Kobe_Bryant) right during the start of his career and as part of the deal, they decided introduce a new version of the sneaker called Top Ten 2000 which Kobe helped promote. [5] (#cite_note-5) Since the passing of Kobe Bryant, the shoe along with the other sneakers worn by him during his time with Adidas have become widely popular due to their unique design and different aesthetics than his official shoes with Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Collaborations [ edit ] In 2014, VILLA launched a special edition of the shoe called the "Triple Crown" which paid homage to the city of Detroit, the place where the shoe is the most popular. The colors of the shoe represent the baseball team of the city. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2019, Adidas worked with Tommey Walker to release another Detroit inspired version of the sneaker dubbed celebrating the Detroit holiday, "313 Day" which is the area code for the city. The collaboration not only included a new design of the Top Ten but also special clothing as well. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The adidas Top Ten Hi Celebrates its 35th Anniversary" (https://sneakernews.com/2014/01/21/adidas-top-ten-hi-celebrates-35th-anniversary/) . Sneaker News (/w/index.php?title=Sneaker_News&action=edit&redlink=1) . 2014-01-21 . Retrieved 2024-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A Brief History of the adidas Top Ten: The '70s Model That Modernised Sneakers" (https://www.complex.com/sneakers/a/complex-australia/adidas-top-ten-history) . Complex . 2022-07-06 . Retrieved 2024-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "adidas Originals And Detroit's Mr. Alan's Celebrate 40th Anniversary Of Top Ten" (https://sneakernews.com/2019/02/27/adidas-top-ten-40th-anniversary-detroit-mr-alans/) . Sneaker News (/w/index.php?title=Sneaker_News&action=edit&redlink=1) . 2019-02-27 . Retrieved 2024-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "History of The adidas Top Ten & Detroit - Community Shifters" (https://stockx.com/news/en-us/history-of-the-adidas-top-ten-detroit/) . StockX . 2020-06-06 . Retrieved 2024-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Everything You Need To Know About the adidas Top Ten 2000" (https://www.complex.com/sneakers/a/riley-jones/the-adidas-top-ten-2000) . Complex . 2013-03-25 . Retrieved 2024-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The adidas Top Ten 2000 Arrives in Team-Ready Colours" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/releases/adidas-top-ten-2000-team-buy-price-release-date) . Sneaker Freaker . 2023-01-06 . Retrieved 2024-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "VILLA PAYS TRIBUTE TO DETROIT WITH SPECIAL EDITION ADIDAS ORIGINALS TOP TEN" (https://sneakerbardetroit.com/villa-pays-tribute-detroit-special-edition-adidas-originals-top-ten/) . Sneaker Bar Detroit . 2014-11-12 . Retrieved 2024-01-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "DETROIT VS. EVERYBODY AND ADIDAS ORIGINALS RELEASING SPECIAL EDITION COLLECTION" (https://sneakerbardetroit.com/detroit-vs-everybody-adidas-top-ten-release-date/) . Sneaker Bar Detroit . 2019-03-10 . 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Chinese hair ornaments Chinese hairpin Two styles of Chinese hairpin, zan and chai. Type Traditional Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Material Diverse Place of origin China (/wiki/China) , at least since the Neolithic (/wiki/Neolithic) Hemudu culture (/wiki/Hemudu_culture) (5500 BC to 3300 BC) Ji ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 筓) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Jī ) (also known as Fazan ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 髮簪) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Fà zān ), Zanzi or Zan ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 簪子or簪) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Zānzi or zān ) for short) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) and Chai ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 钗) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Chāi ) are generic terms for hairpin in China (/wiki/China) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) 'Ji' (with the same character of 笄 ) is also the term used for hairpins of the Qin dynasty (/wiki/Qin_dynasty) . [4] (#cite_note-:10-4) The earliest form of Chinese hair stick (/wiki/Hair_stick) was found in the Neolithic Hemudu culture (/wiki/Hemudu_culture) relics; the hair stick was called Ji ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 筓) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Jī ), and were made from bones, horns, stones, and jade. [5] (#cite_note-5) Hairpins are an important symbol in Chinese culture (/wiki/Chinese_culture) , [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) and are associated with many Chinese cultural traditions and customs. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) They were also used as every day hair ornaments in ancient China; [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) all Chinese women would wear a hairpin, regardless of their social rank. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) The materials, elaborateness of the hairpin's ornaments, and the design used to make the hairpins were markers of the wearer's social status. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Hairpins could be made out of various materials, such as jade (/wiki/Jade) , gold (/wiki/Gold) , silver (/wiki/Silver) , ivory (/wiki/Ivory) , bronze (/wiki/Bronze) , bamboo (/wiki/Bamboo) , carved wood (/wiki/Wood) , tortoiseshell (/wiki/Tortoiseshell) and bone (/wiki/Bone) , as well as others. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) Prior to the establishment of the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , both men and women coiled their hair into a bun using a ji . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) There were many varieties of hairpin, many having their own names to denote specific styles, such as zan (/wiki/Hair_stick) , ji , chai , buyao (/wiki/Buyao) and tiaoxin . [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [11] (#cite_note-:7-11) Cultural [ edit ] Burials [ edit ] During the Chinese funeral (/wiki/Chinese_funeral_rituals) period, women in mourning were not allowed to wear hairpins. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Ji ceremony [ edit ] See also: Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji played an important role in the coming-of age of Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) women. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [4] (#cite_note-:10-4) Before the age of 15 years old, women did not use hairpins, and always kept their hair in braids. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) When a woman turned 15, she stopped wearing braids, and a hairpin ceremony called " Ji Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) " ( 笄礼 ), or "hairpin initiation", would be held to mark the rite of passage. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [4] (#cite_note-:10-4) During the ceremony, their hair would be coiled into a bun with a ji hairpin. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) [4] (#cite_note-:10-4) After the ceremony, the woman would be eligible for marriage. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [4] (#cite_note-:10-4) Hairpins as a love token [ edit ] Betrothal and wedding customs [ edit ] When engaged to be married, Chinese women would take the hairpin from their hair and give it to their male fiancé. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) After the wedding (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_marriage) , the husband would then return the hairpin to his newly-wed wife by placing it back in her hair. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Separation and reunion love token [ edit ] The chai hairpin [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) also used to be a form of love token; when lovers were forced to break apart, they would often break a hairpin in half, and each would keep half of the hairpin until they were reunited. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Similarly, when married couples were separated for a long period of time, they would break a hairpin in two and each keep one part. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) If they were to meet again in the future, they would then put the hairpin together again, as a proof of their identity and as a symbol of their reunion. [1] (#cite_note-:1-1) Design and construction [ edit ] Materials [ edit ] Silver hairpins, Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) Initially, Chinese people liked hairpins which were made out of bone (/wiki/Bone) and jade (/wiki/Jade) . [13] (#cite_note-:8-13) Hairpins which were made out of carved jade appeared in China as early as the Neolithic Period (/wiki/Neolithic) ( c. 3000–1500 BC ), along with jade carving technology. [7] (#cite_note-:3-7) Some ancient Chinese hairpins dating from the Shang dynasty (/wiki/Shang_dynasty) can still be found in some museums. [14] (#cite_note-14) By the Bronze Age, hairpins which were made out of gold (/wiki/Gold) had been introduced into China by people living on the country's Northern borders. [13] (#cite_note-:8-13) Some ancient Chinese hairpins dating back to 300 BC were made from bone, horn, wood, and metal. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) The art of engraving wood first appeared in the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) , and this new form of art was then applied to large wooden Chinese hairpins. [15] (#cite_note-:9-15) Many of these wooden hairpins were then coated with silver. [15] (#cite_note-:9-15) In the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the hairpins became more elaborate, and the carvings were made on silver, ivory, and jade, with pearl being used often as a setting. [15] (#cite_note-:9-15) Decorations [ edit ] Hairpins could also be decorated with gemstones, as well as designs of flowers, dragons, and phoenixes. [8] (#cite_note-:4-8) Types [ edit ] There are various types of Chinese hairpins: Zan [ edit ] The Zan is a type of hairpin with a single pin. [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) The Zan could also come in different styles such as: [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) Ji -style : A style of zan hairpin which likely refers to the hairpin used to secure the hair in a bun. [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) Ruyi -style : A style of zan hairpin in the shape of a ruyi (/wiki/Ruyi_(scepter)) scepter. [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) Tiger-head style [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) Round-dragon style [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) Shang dynasty (/wiki/Shang_dynasty) bone hairpin Shang Bone Ji Shang bronze hairpin Shang dynasty jade hairpin Spring & Autumn Bronze Hairpin Warring States period bronze hairpin Tang dynasty jade hairpin. Coral hairpin, Song dynasty. Hairpin from Southern Song. Ming jade hairpin decorated with flowers. Ming gold hairpins Tomb of Prince Chuang of Liang-gold hairpins Ming dynasty Jade Hairpins & Ornaments Ming dynasty Hairpins & Gold Earrings Ming Gold Hairpins Ming Gold Earrings and Hairpin Ming Gold Hairpin and gourd earrings Hairpin from China, Qing dynasty, nephrite (/wiki/Nephrite) , Qing dynasty hairpin, Silver gilt Phoenix hairpin [ edit ] Phoenix (Fenghuang) (/wiki/Fenghuang) hairpin originated in Qin dynasty (/wiki/Qin_dynasty) and had an upper part made of gold and silver while the feet was made of tortoise shell; it later evolved into the fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) during the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) . The fengguan then continued to evolve further in the Ming (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) and Qing dynasties (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , and in the modern republic. [16] (#cite_note-:15-16) In the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , an imperial edict decreed that the hairpin with fenghuang (/wiki/Fenghuang) decorations had to become the formal headpiece for the empress dowager (/wiki/Empress_dowager) and the imperial grandmother. [16] (#cite_note-:15-16) The Fenghuang is an auspicious bird in Chinese tradition and is believed to represent the empress or the bride in a wedding. [17] (#cite_note-:16-17) Phoenix hairpins were also made and used by Peranakan (/wiki/Peranakans) women after settling in the Straits as part of their wedding headdresses. [17] (#cite_note-:16-17) Phoenix (Fenghuang) hairpin A pair of fire-gilded silver phoenix hairpins of the Southern Song dynasty. Ming-Qing Gold Earrings & phoenix Hairpin Golden phoenix hairpins from the tomb of Prince Chuang of Liang, Ming dynasty, 15th century Chai [ edit ] The chai is a type of hairpin with double or multiple pins. [10] (#cite_note-:6-10) [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) The double-pin chai evolved from the zan ; it was frequently found in Chinese poetry and literature as it played an important symbol and as a love token. [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) (Western & Eastern) Silver Hairpin Tang dynasty chai . Ming dynasty gold hairpin Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) chai. peony gold hairpin Tang dynasty,silver,gilt - Royal Ontario Museum Tang Gilded Silver Hairpins Ming Gold Hairpin Silver hairpin of Tang Dynasty Liao dynasty (/wiki/Liao_dynasty) Gold Hairpin Tang Gilded Silver Hairpin Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) gold chai Buyao [ edit ] The buyao (/wiki/Buyao) was an elaborate and exquisite form of hairpin which denoted noble status. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) It was generally made of gold and was often decorated with jewels (such as pearls and jade) and carved designs (such as in the shape of dragons or phoenix). [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [13] (#cite_note-:8-13) It looked similar to a zan (/wiki/Hair_stick) , [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) but one of its main characteristics is its dangling features, which gave it its name 'buyao' (lit. "shake as you go" or "that sway with each step" or "step shake"). [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) [18] (#cite_note-:11-18) [12] (#cite_note-:13-12) The buyao became popular in the Western Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) . [13] (#cite_note-:8-13) Qing dynasty gold phoenix zan hairpin. Buyao, 18th century Diancui hairpin [ edit ] The diancui hairpin, also known as " kingfisher (/wiki/Kingfisher) feather (/wiki/Feather) hairpin", [19] (#cite_note-19) were made using the traditional Chinese art of diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) . [18] (#cite_note-:11-18) Kingfisher feather hairpin. Kingfisher feather hairpin Tian-tsui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) cricket-shaped hairpin Flower-hairpin headdresses [ edit ] The Flower-hairpin headdresses is a generic term which was used to refer to the jewelry and headdresses worn by the Song dynasty Empresses and imperial concubines. [20] (#cite_note-:14-20) The Flower-hairpin headdresses were decorated with flower hairpins. [20] (#cite_note-:14-20) Different numbers of flowers were used depending on the imperial consorts' ranks and specific imperial rules were issued on their usage. [20] (#cite_note-:14-20) Jin chan yu yue [ edit ] Jin Chan yu yue ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 金蟬玉葉) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Jīn chán yù yè ) Known as the "gold cicada on a jade leaf" hairpin, or "jin zhi yu ye" "Jin zhi yu yue" ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 金枝玉葉) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Jīnzhīyùyè ) (lit. golden branches and jade leaves) a homonym for the Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) idiom "one of noble birth", [21] (#cite_note-:12-21) a type of Ming dynasty hairpin in the shape of a cicada (/wiki/Cicada) made of gold sitting on a piece of jade carved in the shape of a leaf. [9] (#cite_note-:5-9) [21] (#cite_note-:12-21) Tiaoxin [ edit ] The Tiaoxin ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 挑心) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Tiāo xīn ) is a Chinese hairpin worn by women in the Ming dynasty in their hair bun; the upper part of the hairpin was usually in the shape of a Buddhist statue, an immortal, a Sanskrit (/wiki/Sanskrit) word, or a phoenix. [11] (#cite_note-:7-11) The Chinese character shou ( 寿 , "longevity") could also be used to decorate the hairpin. [11] (#cite_note-:7-11) [22] (#cite_note-22) See also [ edit ] Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hair stick (/wiki/Hair_stick) List of Hanfu headwear (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Kanzashi (/wiki/Kanzashi) - the Japanese equivalent Binyeo (/wiki/Binyeo) - the Korean equivalent Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) - phoenix crown References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Hairpins in Society and Art" (https://www.hairpinmuseum.org/hairpins-in-society-and-art.html) . Hairpin Museum 百鍊鋼化作繞髮柔髮簪博物館 . Retrieved 2021-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wu, Shu-Ling (2019). Mastering advanced modern Chinese through the classics . Haiwang Yuan. Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis. pp. 125, 233. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-315-20897-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1053623258 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1053623258) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Historical hair ornaments and their social connotations" (http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2011-03/04/content_12118404.htm) . usa.chinadaily.com.cn . Retrieved 2021-05-05 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hidden dimensions of education : rhetoric, rituals and anthropology . Werler, Tobias. Wulf, Christoph. Waxmann. 2006. pp. 165–168. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-8309-1739-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 470776855 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/470776855) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "周原遗址出土的骨笄" (https://file03.ixueshu.com/api/preview/pdf/image/pc/1000001798667011/p1.img) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Chinese cloisonne hairpin" (https://collection.maas.museum/object/564559) . collection.maas.museum . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Material & Technology" (https://www.hairpinmuseum.org/material--technology.html) . Hairpin Museum 百鍊鋼化作繞髮柔髮簪博物館 . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Sherrow, Victoria (2006). Encyclopedia of hair : a cultural history . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 179. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-313-33145-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 61169697 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61169697) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Yuan, Xiaowei (2017). "Traditional Chinese Jewelry Art: Loss, Rediscovery and Reconstruction Take Headwear as an Example" (https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iccessh-17/25878666) . Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017) . Atlantis Press. pp. 550–554. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/iccessh-17.2017.135 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Ficcessh-17.2017.135) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6252-351-7 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Living the good life : consumption in the Qing and Ottoman empires of the eighteenth century . Elif Akçetin, Suraiya Faroqhi. Leiden: Brill. 2018. p. 205. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-90-04-35345-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1008768840 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1008768840) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c "Golden Hairpin Decorated with Character "Shou" - Chengdu Museum" (https://www.cdmuseum.com/en/mq/201901/60.html) . www.cdmuseum.com . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Tradition of China - Hair Ornament Culture \| ChinaFetching" (https://www.chinafetching.com/tradition-of-china-hair-ornament) . ChinaFetching.com . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Hair Accessories - MIHO MUSEUM" (https://www.miho.jp/booth/html/artcon/00000434e.htm) . www.miho.jp . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Hairpin 13th–11th century B.C. China" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/45177) . www.metmuseum.org . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210506014920/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/45177) from the original on 2021-05-06 . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Lester, Katherine Morris (2004). Accessories of dress : an illustrated encyclopedia . Bess Viola Oerke, Helen Westermann. Mineola, New York. p. 118. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-486-14049-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 857715305 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857715305) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Cheng, Hui-Mei (2001). "Research on the Form and Symbolism of the Chinese Wedding Phoenix Crown" (https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/CFKO200111921178119.pa1ff8ge) . Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference : 59–61. ^ Jump up to: a b "Phoenix hairpin" (https://www.roots.gov.sg/Collection-Landing/listing/1386401) . www.roots.gov.sg . Retrieved 2022-10-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b Wu, Yiqian (2020). A Study of Historical Transformation and Cultural Change in Chinese Dian-cui Jewellery [Thesis] . University of Sydney (Thesis). pp. 21, 30, 33, 43–44. hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 2123/24005 (https://hdl.handle.net/2123%2F24005) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Kingfisher feather hairpin from China" (https://collection.maas.museum/object/188707) . collection.maas.museum . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Zhu, Ruixi; 朱瑞熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties . Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 26–27. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-107-16786-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 953576345 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/953576345) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Liu, Fang (2011). "Rare collections of the Ming and Qing Dynasties" (https://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2011-04/06/content_12280357.htm) . europe.chinadaily.com.cn . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210506023109/https://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2011-04/06/content_12280357.htm) from the original on 2021-05-06 . Retrieved 2021-05-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Traditional Chinese Hair Jewelry - Ming Style Diji & Tiaopai" (https://www.newhanfu.com/9228.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-12-04 . Retrieved 2024-05-28 . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk 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(/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐nv2tq Cached time: 20240716041823 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.719 seconds Real time usage: 0.911 seconds Preprocessor 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Irish artist This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout) . Please help by editing the article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Malone_(designer)&action=edit) to make improvements to the overall structure. ( August 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Richard Malone Born Wexford, Ireland Nationality Irish Alma mater Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) Richard Malone is an Irish artist and designer from Wexford, Ireland. Early life and background [ edit ] Richard Malone was born and grew up in Wexford, Ireland. He often references his working class upbringing and Irish identity as significant influences in his work. Before his formal education in art, Malone worked with his father on building sites and began his initial studies in art at Waterford College of Further Education (/wiki/Waterford_College_of_Further_Education) . Artistic career [ edit ] Malone's creative practice spans across various mediums such as sculpture, installation, performance, drawing, costume, and garment making. His work often delves into gendered labor practices to explore themes of queerness, class, place, and otherness. In 2023, Malone received the Golden Fleece Award (/wiki/Golden_Fleece_Award) . [1] (#cite_note-1) His essays and letters have been featured in British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) [2] (#cite_note-2) and Luncheon (/wiki/Luncheon) magazine. In 2022, an exhibit showcasing Malone's poems and self-portraits titled "Out in the World: Ireland’s LGBTQ+ Diaspora" was held at EPIC The Irish Emigration Museum (/wiki/EPIC_The_Irish_Emigration_Museum) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Recent solo exhibitions include those at the National Gallery of Ireland (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Ireland) [4] (#cite_note-4) in Dublin, Ormston House (/wiki/Ormston_House) in Limerick, and in 2023, his most extensive sculptural mobile was displayed at the Royal Academy (/wiki/Royal_Academy) in London. Malone often emphasizes the importance of his identity as a "queer, working class immigrant from rural Ireland." He acknowledges the value of the skills he learned in rural Ireland – including stitching, curtain making, welding, and metal bending. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2022, he was the artist in residence at the National Gallery of Ireland (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Ireland) in Dublin, responding to the gallery's premiere exhibition of Alberto Giacometti (/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti) in Ireland. Various institutions, including the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) [6] (#cite_note-6) in New York, the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) in London, and the National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) in Melbourne, hold Malone's work. A portrait of Malone by Howard Tangye (/w/index.php?title=Howard_Tangye&action=edit&redlink=1) is part of the National Portrait Gallery, London (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London) . From 2020 to 2022, Malone curated the touring exhibition "Making and Momentum: In Conversation with Eileen Gray". This exhibition celebrated modernism in Ireland and the influence of Irish craftsmanship globally. The show concluded in Wexford, where select works were auctioned, raising funds for the restoration of Eileen Gray (/wiki/Eileen_Gray) 's work and the establishment of an artist's prize. Education and recognition [ edit ] Malone graduated from Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) in 2014. Following his graduation, his collection was purchased by Brown Thomas (/wiki/Brown_Thomas) in Dublin. In 2017, his work was featured in the Museum of Modern Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art) 's "Is Fashion Modern?" exhibition. In 2019, Malone was a finalist for the LVMH Prize (/w/index.php?title=LVMH_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1) . [7] (#cite_note-7) and, in 2020, won the Woolmark Prize (/w/index.php?title=Woolmark_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1) . In February 2021, Malone was shortlisted as a finalist for the BFC/Vogue Designer Fashion Fund. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Richard Malone - Golden Fleece Award" (https://www.goldenfleeceaward.com/artists/richard-malone) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Richard Malone on Making and Momentum" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/richard-malone-making-and-momentum) . British Vogue. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Out in the World: Ireland’s LGBTQ+ Diaspora - Artist Announcement" (https://epicchq.com/out-in-the-world-ireland-lgbtq-diaspora-artist-announcement/) . EPIC The Irish Emigration Museum. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Giacometti Artist in Residence: Richard Malone" (https://www.nationalgallery.ie/art-and-artists/exhibitions/giacometti/artist-residence-richard-malone) ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Richard Malone: I don't think fashion knows what to do with me" (https://1granary.com/designers-3/richard-malone-fashion-exhibition-ra/) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Is Fashion Modern?" (https://www.moma.org/artists/68077#exhibitions) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "LVMH Prize Semifinalists" (https://www.papermag.com/lvmh-prize-semifinalists-2019-2629971302.html?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1) ^ (#cite_ref-8) [1] (https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/luxury/richard-malone-supriya-lele-among-brands-shortlisted-for-the-bfcvogue-designer-fashion-fund) "Designer Fashion Fund" External links [ edit ] Official Website (https://www.richard-malone.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐65d5679c6c‐r6fcb Cached time: 20240708135314 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.197 seconds Real time usage: 0.303 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1879/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9335/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1077/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7487/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.133/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3408782/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 283.423 1 -total 39.79% 112.764 1 Template:Infobox_artist 28.61% 81.086 1 Template:Short_description 18.42% 52.216 1 Template:Cleanup_reorganize 17.84% 50.571 2 Template:Pagetype 16.72% 47.384 1 Template:Ambox 12.13% 34.393 18 Template:Main_other 7.30% 20.679 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 6.13% 17.386 1 Template:SDcat 5.24% 14.838 1 Template:Reflist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66976736-0!canonical and timestamp 20240708135314 and revision id 1233325694. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1840s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1840s_fashion) . Fashion in the 1840s. 1790s (/wiki/Category:1790s_fashion) 1800s (/wiki/Category:1800s_fashion) 1810s (/wiki/Category:1810s_fashion) 1820s (/wiki/Category:1820s_fashion) 1830s (/wiki/Category:1830s_fashion) 1840s 1850s (/wiki/Category:1850s_fashion) 1860s (/wiki/Category:1860s_fashion) 1870s (/wiki/Category:1870s_fashion) 1880s (/wiki/Category:1880s_fashion) 1890s (/wiki/Category:1890s_fashion) 14th (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd 24th NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐r7wkv Cached time: 20240720174228 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.149 seconds Real time usage: 0.260 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 277/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6317/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 23/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.103/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1524549/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 246.953 1 -total 64.26% 158.686 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 27.63% 68.221 1 Template:Commons_category 26.76% 66.096 1 Template:Sister_project 25.94% 64.054 1 Template:Side_box 11.71% 28.922 2 Template:If_then_show 6.73% 16.628 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 4.73% 11.692 1 Template:Category_other 3.99% 9.845 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.26% 3.109 1 Template:Title_decade Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31648758-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720174228 and revision id 1081502229. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. C Clothing companies established in 1846 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1846) ‎ (1 P) Pages in category "1840s fashion" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1840s in Western fashion (/wiki/1840s_in_Western_fashion) C Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) F Ferronnière (/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re) P Pickelhaube (/wiki/Pickelhaube) Pince-nez (/wiki/Pince-nez) Pith helmet (/wiki/Pith_helmet) T Tightlacing (/wiki/Tightlacing) Traditional Welsh costume (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) W Wedding dress of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria) Welsh hat (/wiki/Welsh_hat) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1840s_fashion&oldid=1081502229 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1840s_fashion&oldid=1081502229) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1840s (/wiki/Category:1840s) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) 1840s in art (/wiki/Category:1840s_in_art) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
WikiMiniAtlas 43°46′10.54″N 11°15′3.57″E / 43.7695944°N 11.2509917°E / 43.7695944; 11.2509917 Salvatore Ferragamo Museum Location 5 rosso Piazza Santa Trinita, Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Website Ferragamo.com/museo/ (https://www.ferragamo.com/museo/) The Salvatore Ferragamo Museum in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) , is a fashion museum (/wiki/Fashion_museum) dedicated to the life and work of Italian shoe designer Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) and his eponymous company (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_Italia_S.p.A.) . [1] (#cite_note-Italy2005-1) History [ edit ] The museum opened in May 1995 following the success of a touring history of Ferragamo's company. [1] (#cite_note-Italy2005-1) Description [ edit ] The museum contains 10,000 models of shoes created and owned by Ferragamo from the 1920s until his death in 1960. Following Ferragamo's death, the collection was expanded by his widow and children. The museum also includes films, press cuttings, advertising materials, clothes and accessories from the 1950s to the present day. [1] (#cite_note-Italy2005-1) The museum is housed in the historic Palazzo Spini Feroni (/wiki/Palazzo_Spini_Feroni) , which was purchased by Ferragamo in the 1930s. In 2012, the museum had 21,590 visitors. [2] (#cite_note-2) Gallery [ edit ] The personal lasts (/wiki/Last) of Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) and Ava Gardner (/wiki/Ava_Gardner) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Touring Club of Italy (10 May 2005). Authentic Tuscany . Touring Editore. pp. 109–. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-88-365-3297-1 . Retrieved 2 September 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Iannone, Floriana; Izzo, Francesco (2017-05-01). "Salvatore Ferragamo: An Italian heritage brand and its museum" (https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-016-0053-3) . Place Branding and Public Diplomacy . 13 (2): 163–175. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1057/s41254-016-0053-3 (https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41254-016-0053-3) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1751-8059 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1751-8059) . Bibliography [ edit ] Iannone, Floriana; Izzo, Francesco (2017). Salvatore Ferragamo: An Italian heritage brand and its museum . Springer. External links [ edit ] Official site (https://www.ferragamo.com/museo/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/142725407) National Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007322989805171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95087515) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0223839&CON_LNG=ENG) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/113459068) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐55cdc77579‐zlmhr Cached time: 20240722012111 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.591 seconds Real time usage: 0.696 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 924/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15785/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 670/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24104/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.452/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4752494/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 658.334 1 -total 31.14% 205.036 1 Template:Authority_control 29.18% 192.106 1 Template:Reflist 24.42% 160.772 2 Template:Cite_book 21.84% 143.768 1 Template:Infobox_Museum 15.34% 100.982 1 Template:Infobox 12.29% 80.896 1 Template:Coord 4.71% 31.016 4 Template:Main_other 1.88% 12.398 1 Template:Cite_journal 1.81% 11.948 1 Template:Has_short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36895581-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722012111 and revision id 1171325141. 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Sari of double-ikat woven silk This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Patola_sari) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Patola_sari) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style) . You can help (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patola_sari&action=edit) . The talk page (/wiki/Talk:Patola_sari) may contain suggestions. ( July 2013 ) This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( August 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) 'Patola' (ritual heirloom cloth) from Gujarat, India, late 18th or early 19th century A loom using to weave Patolas in Patan Patan patolu, 1725–1800. This fine heirloom was likely woven for export to Sumatra (/wiki/Sumatra) , where the Gujarati patolas strongly influenced local ikat designs. Contrary to the information provided on this cloth, the photograph is NOT in the public domain. It was taken from the Pusaka Gallery website, at https://ikat.us/ikat_061.php (https://ikat.us/ikat_061.php) , which specifically states Copyright Peter ten Hoopen. Permission was neither granted nor even requested. A Patola sari is a double ikat (/wiki/Ikat) woven sari, usually made from silk (/wiki/Silk) , made in Patan (/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat) , Gujarat (/wiki/Gujarat) , India (/wiki/India) . The word patola is the plural form; the singular is patolu. These saris are made using silk threads that are first dyed with natural colors and then woven together to create the intricate patterns and designs. They are usually worn for special occasions, such as weddings and formal events. The weave [ edit ] To create a patola sari, both the warp and weft threads are wrapped to resist the dye according to the desired pattern of the final woven fabric. This tying is repeated for each colour that is to be included in the finished cloth. The technique of dyeing the warp and weft before weaving is called double ikat (/wiki/Double_ikat) . The bundles of thread are strategically knotted before dyeing. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] See also: Pochampally Saree (/wiki/Pochampally_Saree) , Puttapaka Saree (/wiki/Puttapaka_Saree) , and Sambalpuri saree (/wiki/Sambalpuri_saree) Silk weavers of the Salvi (/wiki/Salvi_(caste)) caste from the state of Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) chose Gujarat as the home for their renowned patola fabric. It is believed that salvis went to Gujarat in the 12th century with the intention of acquiring the patronage of the Chaulukyas (/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty) Rajputs (/wiki/Rajputs) , who ruled all of Gujarat and parts of Malva (/wiki/Malva) and south Rajasthan at the time, with Anahiwad Patan (/wiki/Patan,_Rajasthan) as the capital. Legend says that over 700 patola weavers came to the palace of Raja Kumarpal (/wiki/Kumarpal) , on the personal request of king himself. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Solanki (Chalukya) rulers used to dress in patola silk themselves on special occasions. [ citation needed ] It is broadly accepted belief that these Salvis originally belonged to the region, which now lies at the middle of the present day Marathawada and Vidarbha divisions of Maharashtra state. The art of Patola weaving is an ancient one. According to some historians, the art of Patola weaving was known also in the 4th century in “Ajanta” caves, which resembles the tie-dyes technique of patola. Ajanta Caves were patronized by the Vatsagulma branch of the Vakataka dynasty, which controlled a vast area of Deccan during the 3rd, 4th & 5th centuries A.D. Vatsagulma is presently the 'Washim' district of the Vidarbha Division of Maharashtra. After the decline of Solanki empire, salvis founded a rich trade in Gujarat. Patola saris quickly became a sign of social status among Gujarati women and girls, especially as part of stridhan (/wiki/Dowry_law_in_India#Stridhan(Dowri)) , items that a woman can claim as her. These art of patan is more than 850 years old. Patola has had a huge importance as status clothes in Southeast Asia where it was imported from at least the Middle Ages. Local elites in far eastern locations such as Timor (/wiki/Timor) and Maluku Islands (/wiki/Maluku_Islands) strove to acquire patola or patola imitations, which were often provided by European merchants in the early-modern era. Patola motifs were frequently taken over by indigenous weaving traditions. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Design and pattern [ edit ] There are four distinct patterns which are woven primarily in Gujarat by the Salvi community. In Jain (/wiki/Jain) and Hindu (/wiki/Hindu) communities, double ikat (/wiki/Ikat) saris with entire designs of parrots, flowers, elephant and dancing figures are generally used. In Muslim (/wiki/Muslim) communities, saris with geometric designs and flower patterns are typical, being worn mostly for weddings and other special occasions. Maharashtrian Brahmins (/wiki/Maharashtrian_Brahmin) wear saris woven with plain, dark coloured borders and body and a bird design called Nari Kunj. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Roshni, R. K. (21 April 2003). "Summer wedding" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121108060104/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/21/stories/2003042101200200.htm) . The Hindu (/wiki/The_Hindu) . Archived from the original (http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/21/stories/2003042101200200.htm) on 8 November 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Waves of silk weaves" (https://www.deccanherald.com/content/302943/waves-silk-weaves.html) . Deccan Herald . 4 January 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002558/http://www.patannapatola.in/history) . patannapatola.in . Archived from the original (http://patannapatola.in/history) on 15 September 2018 . Retrieved 19 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Billore, Soniya; Hägerdal, Hans (2019). "The Indian Patola: import and consumerism in early-modern Indonesia". Journal of Historical Research in Marketing . 11 (3): 271–294. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1108/JHRM-03-2018-0009 (https://doi.org/10.1108%2FJHRM-03-2018-0009) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1755-750X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1755-750X) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 201375752 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201375752) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Encounters with Bali, A Collector's Journey .Art Gallery, Sydney, Australia p.24 v t e Sari (/wiki/Sari) Central (/wiki/Central_India) Chanderi (/wiki/Chanderi_sari) Kosa (/wiki/Tussar_silk) East (/wiki/East_India) Baluchari (/wiki/Baluchari_sari) Berhampuri (/wiki/Berhampur_Patta) Bhagalpur (/wiki/Bhagalpur_sari) Bomkai (/wiki/Bomkai_sari) Dhakai (/wiki/Dhakai) Dhaniakhali (/wiki/Dhaniakhali_Sari) Garad (/wiki/Garad_Saree) Habaspuri (/wiki/Habaspuri_sari) Jamdani (/wiki/Jamdani) Khandua (/wiki/Khandua) Mekhela (/wiki/Mekhela_chador) Murshidabad (/wiki/Murshidabad_silk) Pasapali (/wiki/Pasapali_sari) Rajshahi (/wiki/Rajshahi_silk) Sambalpuri (/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari) Shantipuri (/wiki/Shantipuri_sari) Tangail (/wiki/Tangail_Saree_(West_Bengal)) Tant (/wiki/Tant_sari) Tussar (/wiki/Tussar_silk) North (/wiki/North_India) Banarasi (/wiki/Banarasi_sari) Shalu (/wiki/Shalu_(sari)) South (/wiki/South_India) Arani (/wiki/Arani_Sari) Coimbatore (/wiki/Kovai_Cora_Cotton) Gadwal (/wiki/Gadwal_sari) Gollabhama (/wiki/Gollabhama_sari) Ilkal (/wiki/Ilkal_sari) Kanchipuram (/wiki/Kanchipuram_silk_sari) Kandangi (/wiki/Kandangi) Kuthampully (/wiki/Kuthampully_Saree) Madurai (/wiki/Madurai_Sungudi) Mangalagiri (/wiki/Mangalagiri_Sarees_and_Fabrics) Molakalmuru (/wiki/Molakalmuru_sari) Mundum Neriyathum (/wiki/Mundum_Neriyathum) Mysore (/wiki/Mysore_silk) Pochampally (/wiki/Pochampally_sari) Salem (/wiki/Salem_silk) Thirubuvanam (/wiki/Thirubuvanam_Silk_Sarees) Uppada Jamdani (/wiki/Uppada_Jamdani_Sari) Venkatagiri (/wiki/Venkatagiri_Sari) West (/wiki/West_India) Bandhani (/wiki/Bandhani) Kasta (/wiki/Kasta_sari) Kota Doria (/wiki/Kota_Doria) Paithani (/wiki/Paithani) Patola Related topics Sari diplomacy (/wiki/Sari_diplomacy) Wedding sari (/wiki/Wedding_sari) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐rjxc6 Cached time: 20240713180504 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.332 seconds Real time usage: 0.459 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1120/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44892/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7072/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30309/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.219/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4993478/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 399.910 1 -total 29.88% 119.498 3 Template:Ambox 27.53% 110.083 1 Template:Reflist 22.20% 88.774 3 Template:Cite_web 21.12% 84.457 1 Template:Sari 20.50% 81.999 1 Template:Navbox 19.60% 78.363 1 Template:Multiple_issues 17.65% 70.572 1 Template:Short_description 10.76% 43.022 1 Template:Cleanup_rewrite 9.77% 39.076 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38345338-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713180504 and revision id 1231242561. 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Fashion East is a non-profit designer support and showcasing scheme, a project established by the Old Truman Brewery (/wiki/Old_Truman_Brewery) and Lulu Kennedy (/wiki/Lulu_Kennedy) MBE in 2000. [1] (#cite_note-Fashion_East-1) Designers can apply for support across three different programmes. Each programme offers fashion week showcasing opportunities, business mentoring & financial sponsorship for menswear and womenswear designers. Designers are selected by Lulu Kennedy and a panel of industry people. [2] (#cite_note-London_Fashion_Week-2) Fashion East has supported and launched brands including: JW Anderson (/wiki/JW_Anderson) , Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) , Jonathan Saunders (/wiki/Jonathan_Saunders) , Roksanda Ilincic (/wiki/Roksanda_Ilincic) , Richard Nicoll (/wiki/Richard_Nicoll) , House of Holland (/wiki/Henry_Holland_(fashion_designer)) , Cassette Playa (/wiki/Cassette_Playa) , Christopher Shannon (/wiki/Christopher_Shannon) , Nasir Mazhar (/wiki/Nasir_Mazhar) , Martine Rose (/wiki/Martine_Rose) , Marques'Almeida (/wiki/Marques%27Almeida) , Claire Barrow (/wiki/Claire_Barrow) , Charles Jeffrey (/wiki/Charles_Jeffrey_(fashion_designer)) and Craig Green (/wiki/Craig_Green_(designer)) . Fashion East has also worked with Kim Jones (/wiki/Kim_Jones_(designer)) (now Creative Director of Dior Homme (/wiki/Dior_Homme) ), Judy Blame (/wiki/Judy_Blame) and Gosha Rubchinskiy as special guests. [3] (#cite_note-showstudio-3) Fashion East Womenswear [ edit ] Each season the Fashion East womenswear scheme offers three designers the opportunity to present a collection to international press and buyers on schedule at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . Designers also receive business mentoring, financial sponsorship and inclusion in a top Paris sales showroom. [3] (#cite_note-showstudio-3) Womenswear designers are selected by Lulu Kennedy (/wiki/Lulu_Kennedy) and a panel of womenswear industry people [2] (#cite_note-London_Fashion_Week-2) including: Brix Smith-Start (/wiki/Brix_Smith) (Owner, START Boutique) , Charlie Harrington (Stylist & Creative Director) , Charlie Porter (/wiki/Charlie_Porter_(journalist)) (Men’s Fashion Critic, Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) ), Francesca Burns (Contributing Fashion Editor, British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) ) , Kay Barron (Fashion Features Director, Net-a-Porter (/wiki/Net-a-Porter) ) , Lauren Cochrane (Assistant Fashion Editor, The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) ) , Mandi Lennard (PR & Consultant, Mandi’s Basement) , Richard Sloan (Creative Consultant & Stylist) and Sarah Mower (Contributing Editor, Vogue USA (/wiki/Vogue_USA) ) . Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) has been the headline sponsor of Fashion East's womenswear scheme since 2003. Fashion East also receives funding from the Greater London Authority (/wiki/Greater_London_Authority) . [3] (#cite_note-showstudio-3) Fashion East & Topman’s MAN [ edit ] In September 2005 the team behind Fashion East launched ‘ MAN ’ in partnership with Topman (/wiki/Topman) . The joint initiative is an identical support scheme for three emerging menswear designers to showcase their work via a group catwalk show at London Collections Men. This was the first menswear scheme of its kind. [4] (#cite_note-4) Starting with a place on London's womenswear schedule, [5] (#cite_note-5) by September 2009 MAN began London's first menswear day of shows and is now credited with the launch of London Collections Men in June 2012. [6] (#cite_note-6) Menswear designers are selected by Lulu Kennedy and a panel of menswear industry people including: Andrew Davis (Men’s Fashion Director, Wonderland Magazine) , Ben Reardon (Editor, Man About Town (/wiki/Man_About_Town_(2000s%E2%80%932010s_magazine)) ) , Charlie Porter (/wiki/Charlie_Porter_(journalist)) (Men’s Fashion Critic, Financial Times) , Gordon Richardson (Creative director, Topman) , Luke Day (Editor, GQ (/wiki/GQ) Style) , Sam Lobban (Contemporary Buyer, Mr Porter) and Tim Blanks (/wiki/Tim_Blanks) (Editor-at-Large, Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) ) . Fashion East Men’s Presentations [ edit ] In February 2009 Fashion East introduced their Fashion East Men's Presentations (formerly known as Menswear Installations) as an accompaniment to the MAN show for London Fashion Week's first menswear showcase (Autumn/Winter 2009). The first London menswear showcase was co-curated by Fashion East's founder & director Lulu Kennedy with the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . [7] (#cite_note-press_release-7) The showcase spearheaded London Fashion Week's first menswear day in September 2009 (Spring/Summer 2010) [8] (#cite_note-London_Net-8) and in June 2012, MAN, Fashion East and Lulu Kennedy were credited as the catalyst in the launch of London Collections Men (Spring/Summer 2013). Fashion East Men's Presentations gives additional menswear designers a platform to present their collections in a group exhibition at London Collections Men. [3] (#cite_note-showstudio-3) Venues [ edit ] Fashion East has held events at many venues across London including: Old Truman Brewery, Tate Modern's (/wiki/Tate_Modern) Turbine Hall and Tate Tanks, Natural History Museum (/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London) , [7] (#cite_note-press_release-7) Institute of Contemporary Arts (/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts) , Electric Ballroom (/wiki/Electric_Ballroom) , Curzon Mayfair Cinema (/wiki/Curzon_Mayfair_Cinema) , Haunch of Venison (/wiki/Haunch_of_Venison) Gallery and Blacks Members Club Soho. Internationally, Fashion East has hosted events in Moscow and Paris, including a collaboration with Colette (/wiki/Colette_(boutique)) in Paris. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion_East_1-0) Fashion East. "About Fashion East" (http://www.fashioneast.co.uk/about.asp) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150427040526/http://www.fashioneast.co.uk/about.asp) 2015-04-27 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ Jump up to: a b London Fashion Week. "Fashion East" (http://www.londonfashionweek.co.uk/designers_profile.aspx?DesignerID=116) London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) ^ Jump up to: a b c d SHOWstudio. "Fashion East" Showstudio.com (/wiki/Showstudio.com) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "MAN & Topman Fashion East Spring Summer 2019: London Fashion Week Men's" (https://fashionweekonline.com/man-topman-fashion-east-spring-summer-2019-london-fashion-week-mens) . Fashion Week Online . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Menswear Shines at London Fashion Week" (http://metro.co.uk/2009/02/26/menswear-shines-at-london-fashion-week-489743/) . Metro . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Meet the fashion east family" (https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/bj5pwd/meet-the-fashion-east-family) . i-D. ^ Jump up to: a b London Fashion Week "Dedicated Menswear Showcase on London Fashion Week Schedule" (http://www.londonfashionweek.co.uk/uploads/documents/doc_913.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120512120602/http://www.londonfashionweek.co.uk/uploads/documents/doc_913.pdf) 2012-05-12 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) ^ (#cite_ref-London_Net_8-0) London Net "BFC Announce Schedule for Menswear Day at London Fashion Week" (http://www.londonnet.co.uk/fashion/men/bfc-announce-schedule-for-menswear-day-at-london-fashion-week) London Net External links [ edit ] The Old Truman Brewery (http://www.trumanbrewery.com/) London Collections Men (http://www.londoncollections.co.uk/) NowFashion.com (http://nowfashion.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐mw7zb Cached time: 20240623050958 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.168 seconds Real time usage: 0.206 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 312/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4552/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 76/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14644/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.088/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2748779/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 163.776 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 163.776 1 -total 62.34% 102.094 1 Template:Cite_web 15.53% 25.435 2 Template:Webarchive 5.47% 8.951 2 Template:Cite_news 1.13% 1.851 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46499739-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623050958 and revision id 1216998462. 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Asfour_Crystal) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Asfour_Crystal) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Asfour Crystal" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Asfour+Crystal%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Asfour_Crystal) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Asfour Crystal" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Asfour+Crystal%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Asfour+Crystal%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Asfour Crystal Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Glass (/wiki/Lead_crystal) Founded 1961 Headquarters Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) Products Crystal Fashion Components, Crystal Parts, Lighting Fixtures and Chandeliers, Gifts, Crys-Tile Number of employees More than 28,000 Website www.asfourcrystal.com (http://www.asfourcrystal.com) Asfour Crystal is an Egyptian crystal manufacturing company that produces crystal (/wiki/Lead_glass) pieces under its own name. The company produces clear and coloured crystals for diverse uses including lighting, accessories, fashion pieces, chandeliers, figurines and special projects. At the present time, Asfour Crystal is the world’s largest manufacturer and exporter of crystal, having a production capacity that exceeds 100 tons of crystal per day and exporting to more than 50 countries across the globe. [ citation needed ] History [ edit ] Asfour Crystal was established in 1961 [1] (#cite_note-1) in Cairo, Egypt and began with a 2,200 square meter workspace that employed 200 craftsmen and utilized simple, basic production tools. Nowadays, Asfour Crystal had expanded into 5 crystal factories that cover a total build-up area of more than 1.2 million square meters. The factories employ more than 28,000 [2] (#cite_note-About_Asfour_Crystal-2) craftsmen and women, and the company still stand at that status till today. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2000, Asfour Crystal launched the Crystal Fashion Components division, [4] (#cite_note-4) producing clear and coloured crystals for the fashion industry with all its sectors, including accessories, apparel, jewellery and decoration. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Asfour Crystal Factory Visit" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130505080454/http://www.stay.com/cairo/shopping/6011/asfour-crystal-factory/) . Archived from the original (http://www.stay.com/cairo/shopping/6011/asfour-crystal-factory/) on 2013-05-05 . Retrieved 2013-05-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-About_Asfour_Crystal_2-0) "About Asfour Crystal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130501085738/http://www.asfourcrystal.com/about-us) . Archived from the original (http://www.asfourcrystal.com/about-us) on 2013-05-01. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Crystal Lighting Market Dynamics, Business Opportunities and Forecast Assessment 2025 – Baccarat, Osgona, Riserva" (https://spacemarketnow.com/297711/crystal-lighting-market-dynamics-business-opportunities-and-forecast-assessment-2025-baccarat-osgona-riserva/) . Space Market Now . October 9, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Crystal Fashion Component" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130508020722/http://www.asfourcrystal.com/crystal-fashion-components) . Archived from the original (http://www.asfourcrystal.com/crystal-fashion-components) on 2013-05-08 . Retrieved 2013-05-13 . 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Clive_Christian_No._1) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Clive_Christian_No._1) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Clive_Christian_No._1##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clive_Christian_No._1&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Find sources: "Clive Christian No. 1" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2020 ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for products and services (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)#Products_and_services) . 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Find sources: "Clive Christian No. 1" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Clive+Christian+No.+1%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) No. 1 Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Clive Christian Released 2001 Label Crown Perfumery Tagline (/wiki/Tagline) The World Most Expensive Perfume Clive Christian No. 1 is an English fragrance (/wiki/Fragrance) that was introduced in 2001 by designer Clive Christian (/wiki/Clive_Christian) It was marketed by parent company Crown Perfumery established in 1872. Clive Christian No. 1 was the most expensive perfume in the world as of 2006, costing $2,150 an ounce. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Most Expensive Perfumes" (https://www.forbes.com/2006/02/03/most-expensive-perfumes-cx_sb_0203fashion3_ls.html) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Australian footwear and clothing retail company R.M. Williams Company logo A R. M. Williams store in the Canberra Centre (/wiki/Canberra_Centre) Company type Private Industry Retail Manufacturing Founded 1932 ; 92 years ago ( 1932 ) Founder R. M. Williams (/wiki/R._M._Williams) Headquarters Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Key people Paul Grosmann ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Products Footwear Clothing Number of employees ~900 (2020) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Tattarang (/wiki/Tattarang) Website www (http://www.rmwilliams.com.au) .rmwilliams (http://www.rmwilliams.com.au) .com (http://www.rmwilliams.com.au) .au (http://www.rmwilliams.com.au) R.M. Williams is an Australian footwear and clothing company. It is best known for producing chelsea boots (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) for men and women. The company was founded by Reginald Murray "R.M." Williams (/wiki/R._M._Williams) . It is currently owned by Tattarang (/wiki/Tattarang) , an investment company owned by mining magnate Andrew Forrest (/wiki/Andrew_Forrest) . History [ edit ] R. M. Williams (/wiki/R._M._Williams) founded the company in 1932 R. M. Williams learned his leather-working skills in the Flinders Ranges (/wiki/Flinders_Ranges) region of South Australia (/wiki/South_Australia) , from a stockman (/wiki/Stockman_(Australia)) called Michael George Smith, commonly known as “Dollar Mick”, who was originally from Lyndhurst (/wiki/Lyndhurst,_South_Australia) , a bit further north. Dollar Mick was camping at Italowie Gorge in the Gammon Ranges (/wiki/Gammon_Ranges) (part of the Flinders), not far from where the Nepabunna Mission (/wiki/Nepabunna_Mission) had been established by the United Aborigines Mission (/wiki/United_Aborigines_Mission) (UAM), an interdenominational (/wiki/Interdenominational) Christian group, in 1931. Williams had become a missionary with the UAM in 1927. Dollar Mick, who was an Aboriginal (/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian) man, [1] (#cite_note-marsh2021-1) taught Williams how to make bridles (/wiki/Bridle) , pack saddles (/wiki/English_Saddle) and riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boots) [2] (#cite_note-btn-2) and general leatherwork (/wiki/Leatherwork) skills. Dollar Mick and Williams together developed the distinctive design that is a variation on the chelsea boot, made out of one piece of leather (/wiki/Leather) , that became a cornerstone of the business. [1] (#cite_note-marsh2021-1) In 1932, with his son's illness and the expense of hospital treatment, Williams was in need of money and began selling his saddles to Sir Sidney Kidman (/wiki/Sidney_Kidman) , a wealthy pastoralist (/wiki/Pastoral_farming) . With the money earned from the first orders, Williams started a small factory. [2] (#cite_note-btn-2) In addition to Dollar Mick, who had married a local Adnyamathanha (/wiki/Adnyamathanha) (Yura) woman, Williams employed several Adnyamathanha people from the mission. The Yura people had been making waterbags ( yakutha ) and clothing ( valdha ) from animal skins, sewn with bone needles, for a long time before European settlement (/wiki/European_settlement_of_South_Australia) . Oral accounts (/wiki/Oral_tradition) passed down through the generations is corroborated by written sources of the time, including reports in the UAM newsletter, The United Aborigines’ Messenger , producing a timeline of the growth of the workshop from 1932 to 1934, often written by Williams or his wife, Thelma. Younger boys were paid “by results”, being paid a penny (/wiki/Penny) for each component, such as a sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) . Older men were paid fifteen shillings (/wiki/Shilling_(Australian)) each week, as well as being provided with meals, boots and clothing. The workers were expected to "uphold Christian teaching", and the boys were not allowed to undergo traditional initiation (/wiki/Initiation) rites. A pair of boots sold for 20 shillings by mail order (/wiki/Mail_order) in March 1934. [1] (#cite_note-marsh2021-1) In December 1933, Williams wrote to the Chief Protector of Aborigines (/wiki/Chief_Protector_of_Aborigines) , reporting that his workshop supported 9 people as well as himself and his wife. He departed the mission in April 1934, after Thelma had returned to Adelaide to have their baby son Ian's trachoma (/wiki/Trachoma) treated, and another missionary took over his post at Nepabunna. There had been some friction between Williams and the UAM, possibly because they wanted him to pay the mission so that they could distribute the money, while he wanted to pay the Adnyamathanha people wages, although different versions of the story exist. Williams also asked for government to help fund his growing industry. Much later (1984), Williams said "had we been allowed to remain and develop the ideas which later were the foundation of our large industry, that alone could have transformed the lives of the people economically”. [1] (#cite_note-marsh2021-1) A range of R. M. Williams products for sale in a David Jones (/wiki/David_Jones_Limited) store Back in Adelaide, Williams restarted his factory in his father’s shed in Prospect (/wiki/Prospect,_South_Australia) . In the 1950s, a small group of Nepabunna people went to see "old Reg" in Adelaide, but were disappointed by his lack of enthusiasm for meeting them, and did not get to see his wife. “Dollar Mick” Smith died in 1969, after moving back up north to Lyndhurst after the death of his wife at Nepabunna. There remains a feeling among the local Yura descendants of his workers that he did not properly acknowledge their contribution to his success, in particular Dollar Mick and a man called Rufus Wilton. [1] (#cite_note-marsh2021-1) Williams sold the business in 1988 to the long-established South Australian stock and station agents Bennett & Fisher (/wiki/Bennett_%26_Fisher) . That business went into receivership in 1993, after banks were concerned about $16 million of debts. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) R.M. Williams was then placed under the ownership of long-time friend Ken Cowley, who acted in partnership with Australian business mogul Kerry Stokes (/wiki/Kerry_Stokes) , and together with his family, [ citation needed ] presided over R.M. Williams for 10 years. In late 2003, Cowley assumed full ownership of R.M. Williams when he bought out Stokes' and other shareholders' stake for $12.5 million. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) On 26 March 2013, the Cowley family released a statement which announced an intention to sell the company to a new owner for A$100 million . The statement described the sale process as an assessment of "external commercial growth and expansion plans", and the list of potential buyers included Oroton (/wiki/Oroton) Group, Premier Investments (/wiki/Solomon_Lew#Premier_Investments_and_Just_Group) and LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) . [7] (#cite_note-Nigel-7) In April 2013, R.M. Williams sold a 49.9% stake to L Capital Asia (which later became L Catterton (/wiki/L_Catterton) ), the private equity affiliate of LVMH. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2014, L. Catterton increased its stake to 82% of R.M. Williams. [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) In February 2016, LVMH got full ownership of the company. [10] (#cite_note-10) In May 2019 R.M. Williams was placed for sale, with its owners reportedly seeking A$400–500 million . [9] (#cite_note-:3-9) As of April 2020, L. Catterton owned the majority share with 82%, IFM Investors owned 13% and actor Hugh Jackman (/wiki/Hugh_Jackman) owned the remaining 5%. [11] (#cite_note-11) In October 2020, Andrew Forrest (/wiki/Andrew_Forrest) 's Tattarang (/wiki/Tattarang) investment company acquired R.M. Williams for A$190 million . [12] (#cite_note-:1-12) Products [ edit ] R.M. Williams elastic side riding boots R.M. Williams lace-up boots Williams' most successful products were handcrafted riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boots) . These boots were unique when they were introduced to the market, as they consisted of a single piece of leather that was stitched at the rear of the boot (the models that featured an elastic side have been particularly popular). As of 2013, the R.M. Williams Company produced handcrafted riding boots, with the use of 70 hand processes and a single piece of leather externally (with the inside lining being made up of several pieces). Over recent years R.M. Williams has focused on becoming a luxury shoe company aimed at city-dwellers. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) R.M. Williams boots are often worn by Australian politicians. [14] (#cite_note-14) Pairs of the boots have also been given to foreign leaders by Australian prime ministers. [15] (#cite_note-15) R.M. Williams' Craftsman boots were selected as the Australian Army (/wiki/Australian_Army) 's standard parade boots in 2013 following a competitive tender. [16] (#cite_note-16) The company brand is a Texas longhorn (/wiki/Texas_longhorn) cattle head. Since 2015, Hugh Jackman (/wiki/Hugh_Jackman) has been a brand ambassador for the company. [12] (#cite_note-:1-12) Manufacturing [ edit ] As of 2022, R.M.Williams crafts their leather boot range, belts, small leather goods, and a growing portion of their apparel and accessories in their Adelaide-based workshop. [17] (#cite_note-17) In late 2019 it was reported R.M. Williams was doubling its production of boots to 500,000 pairs per year by 2023, and was aiming to achieve revenue of A$153 million over 2019. [18] (#cite_note-18) Locations and employees [ edit ] R.M. Williams' headquarters is located in Salisbury, South Australia (/wiki/Salisbury,_South_Australia) , a suburb of Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) . [19] (#cite_note-19) As of March 2013, R.M. Williams Pty Ltd consisted of 50 retail stores, 900 stockists and exports to 15 countries. [7] (#cite_note-Nigel-7) In 2013 the company employed 600 people globally, 300 of them based in South Australia (/wiki/South_Australia) . [7] (#cite_note-Nigel-7) As of December 2020, it operated around 64 of its own retail stores in Australia and 7 in other countries. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) As of 2019, its boots were available in 500 department stores. [13] (#cite_note-:0-13) In 2020 it employed 400 people at its Salisbury workshop and another 500 across Australia. [20] (#cite_note-ownership-2020-20) See also [ edit ] Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Australian work boot (/wiki/Australian_work_boot) R.M. Williams Outback (/wiki/R.M._Williams_Outback) , aka Outback , a bi-monthly magazine References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Marsh, Walter (1 May 2021). "Sole of a nation" (https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2021/may/1619791200/walter-marsh/sole-nation) . The Monthly (/wiki/The_Monthly) . Retrieved 17 May 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "R.M. Williams (1908-2003)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060421052311/http://www.abc.net.au/btn/australians/rmwilliams.htm) . Australian Broadcasting Corporation (/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . 5 November 2003. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/btn/australians/rmwilliams.htm) on 21 April 2006 . Retrieved 19 June 2006 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "R. M. Williams not for sale, yet" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127234712) . The Canberra Times (/wiki/The_Canberra_Times) . Vol. 67, no. 21, 254. 24 June 1993. p. 19 . Retrieved 20 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "IN BRIEF R M Williams float option" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127225667) . The Canberra Times (/wiki/The_Canberra_Times) . Vol. 67, no. 21, 303. 12 August 1993. p. 17 . Retrieved 20 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "R. M. Williams gets a boost" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article122117396) . The Canberra Times (/wiki/The_Canberra_Times) . Vol. 62, no. 19, 042. 23 November 1987. p. 17 . Retrieved 20 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia. ^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Simon (17 December 2020). "RM Williams online sales double in pandemic shift" (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/rm-williams-online-sales-double-in-pandemic-shift-20201217-p56o7i) . Australian Financial Review . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201217031526/https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/rm-williams-online-sales-double-in-pandemic-shift-20201217-p56o7i) from the original on 17 December 2020 . Retrieved 19 December 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Austin, Nigel (26 March 2013). "Legendary Australian bush outfitter R.M.Williams up for sale" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130327001119/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/legendary-australian-bush-outfitter-rmwilliams-up-for-sale/story-e6frg6n6-1226607117776) . The Australian . Archived from the original (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/legendary-australian-bush-outfitter-rmwilliams-up-for-sale/story-e6frg6n6-1226607117776) on 27 March 2013 . Retrieved 27 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Colquhoun, Steve (15 April 2013). "R.M. Williams to remain Australian after sale" (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/rm-williams-to-remain-australian-after-sale-20130415-2hvqo.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 19 December 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hall, James (16 May 2019). "Aussie icon RM Williams has been put up for sale for $500 million" (https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/aussie-icon-rm-williams-has-been-put-up-for-sale-for-500-million/news-story/7de247cc39481046237d855d17f09e6a) . news.com.au . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234847/https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/aussie-icon-rm-williams-has-been-put-up-for-sale-for-500-million/news-story/7de247cc39481046237d855d17f09e6a) from the original on 7 November 2020 . Retrieved 1 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Ingevaldsson, Jesper (14 February 2016). "News - Louis Vuitton in full control of RM Williams" (https://shoegazing.com/2016/02/14/louis-vuitton-in-full-control-of-rm-williams/) . Shoegazing.com . Retrieved 25 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Evans, Simon (31 March 2020). "Bootmaker RM Williams shuts factory with 709 stood down" (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/bootmaker-rm-williams-shuts-factory-with-709-stood-down-20200401-p54fvy) . Australian Financial Review . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201211172333/https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/bootmaker-rm-williams-shuts-factory-with-709-stood-down-20200401-p54fvy) from the original on 11 December 2020 . Retrieved 19 December 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Powell, Dominic (18 October 2020). "Payday for Wolverine as Forrest acquires RM Williams" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/payday-for-wolverine-as-andrew-forrest-acquires-rm-williams-20201018-p5666n.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201217170540/https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/payday-for-wolverine-as-andrew-forrest-acquires-rm-williams-20201018-p5666n.html) from the original on 17 December 2020 . Retrieved 19 December 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hatch, Patrick (16 May 2019). "The Greatest Showman seeks $25 million R.M. Williams payday" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/iconic-aussie-bootmaker-r-m-williams-up-for-sale-20190516-p51nxc.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 1 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Street, Andrew P. (10 July 2014). "RM Williams: these boots are made for posing (if you're an Aussie politician)" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/10/rm-williams-these-boots-are-made-for-posing) . The Guardian . Retrieved 16 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Jolliffe, David (12 November 2012). "Kevin Rudd's riding boots" (https://www.moadoph.gov.au/blog/kevin-rudd-s-riding-boots/) . Blog . Museum of Australian Democracy . Retrieved 16 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Austin, Nigel (12 August 2013). "RM Williams to supply Army with boots for next five years" (https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/rm-williams-to-supply-army-with-boots-for-next-five-years/news-story/a8b8b8b60c4b6e9aef5b82e3a2337e0a) . The Advertiser . Retrieved 16 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Roberts, Peter (27 January 2021). "RM WILLIAMS TO RESHORE SOME PRODUCTION" (https://www.aumanufacturing.com.au/rm-williams-to-reshore-some-production) . AUManufacturing . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Evans, Simon (17 October 2019). "RMs wins as 'boot boys, girls' reject fast fashion" (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/rms-wins-as-boot-boys-girls-reject-fast-fashion-20191015-p530v1) . Australian Financial Review . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201022232357/https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/rms-wins-as-boot-boys-girls-reject-fast-fashion-20191015-p530v1) from the original on 22 October 2020 . Retrieved 20 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Company Overview of R.M.Williams Pty Ltd" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=4492931) . Bloomberg . Retrieved 1 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-ownership-2020_20-0) "Andrew Forrest buys iconic bootmaker RM Williams" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-19/rm-williams-bought-australian-ownership-andrew-twiggy-forrest/12780896) . www.abc.net.au . 18 October 2020 . Retrieved 18 October 2020 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to R. M. Williams (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:R._M._Williams) . 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(Redirected from Poolajada (/w/index.php?title=Poolajada&redirect=no) ) Flower garland worn in the hair or on the wrist by South Asian women This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gajra) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Gajra" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gajra%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gajra%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gajra%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gajra%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gajra%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gajra%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought) that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gajra&action=edit) by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone) . ( June 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Gajra are traditionally worn around hair bun. Indian Ladies with Gajra during religious Function A Gajra is a flower garland that is worn by South Asian women during festive occasions, weddings, or as part of everyday traditional attire. They are made usually of varies types of jasmine (/wiki/Jasmine) flowers but rose (/wiki/Rose) , crossandra (/wiki/Crossandra_infundibuliformis) and barleria (/wiki/Barleria) are also widely used in gajras. [1] (#cite_note-Gurcharan1986-1) It can be worn both on the bun and with the braid coiling. Women in South India (/wiki/South_India) , Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) , Gujarat (/wiki/Gujarat) usually wear them with traditional attire. It is also worn on the wrist mainly during festive occasions and weddings. The gajra is an ornament to decorate a hairstyle and does not generally aid in holding a bun in place. Gajra also refers to a type of pearl workmanship done on jewelry in India. Gallery [ edit ] Historically, jasmine gajra has been worn around hair bun, Gupta Empire (/wiki/Gupta_Empire) . Green Tara (/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)) with jasmine gajra around hair bun. ca. 11th century A.D. Kuchipudi (/wiki/Kuchipudi) dancer with gajra. Traditional imitation Gajra is made from Sholapith (/wiki/Sholapith) plant-based sponges and are worn by Odissi (/wiki/Odissi) dancers. Bride with floral decorations for Haldi, Mehandi or Sangeet ceremony , part of pre-wedding rituals in South Asia. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Gurcharan1986_1-0) Gurcharan Singh Randhawa and Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, ed. (1986). Floriculture in India . Allied Publishers. p. 607. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-7023-057-1 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gajra (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gajra) . This article about the culture of India is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Museum and tourist site in Kumasi, Ghana The Nurom Hat Museum Established 1960 Location Kumasi (/wiki/Kumasi) , Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) The Nurom Hat Museum is a museum (/wiki/Museum) with hats from all over the world (/wiki/World) , located in Kumasi (/wiki/Kumasi) , Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It was established in 1960. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Nurom Hat Museum (http://ghana.icom.museum/24012_e.html) See also [ edit ] List of museums in Ghana (/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Ghana) This article related to a museum in Africa is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurom_Hat_Museum&action=edit) . v t e This article about a museum in Ghana is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurom_Hat_Museum&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐rjxc6 Cached time: 20240712231654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.196 seconds Real time usage: 0.292 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 889/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9604/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1129/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11136/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.123/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2601999/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 274.375 1 -total 26.45% 72.585 1 Template:Short_description 25.31% 69.442 1 Template:Infobox_museum 23.57% 64.661 2 Template:Asbox 23.51% 64.510 1 Template:Africa-museum-stub 20.65% 56.662 1 Template:Infobox 19.03% 52.207 6 Template:Main_other 15.00% 41.145 2 Template:Pagetype 9.58% 26.274 1 Template:Coord_missing 6.77% 18.584 1 Template:Authority_control Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39030837-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712231654 and revision id 1175208809. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurom_Hat_Museum&oldid=1175208809 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurom_Hat_Museum&oldid=1175208809) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Museums in Ghana (/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Ghana) Museums established in 1960 (/wiki/Category:Museums_established_in_1960) 1960 establishments in Ghana (/wiki/Category:1960_establishments_in_Ghana) Buildings and structures in Kumasi (/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Kumasi) African museum stubs (/wiki/Category:African_museum_stubs) Ghanaian building and structure stubs (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_building_and_structure_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Ghana articles missing geocoordinate data (/wiki/Category:Ghana_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data) All articles needing coordinates (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates) Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Overview of the events of 2007 in red carpet fashion List of years in red carpet fashion … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) 1997 (/w/index.php?title=1997_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1998 (/w/index.php?title=1998_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1999 (/w/index.php?title=1999_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2000 (/wiki/2000_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2001 (/wiki/2001_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2002 (/wiki/2002_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2003 (/w/index.php?title=2003_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2004 (/w/index.php?title=2004_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2005 (/w/index.php?title=2005_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2006 (/w/index.php?title=2006_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2007 2008 (/wiki/2008_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2009 (/wiki/2009_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2010 (/w/index.php?title=2010_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 (/w/index.php?title=2011_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 (/w/index.php?title=2012_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2013 (/w/index.php?title=2013_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2014 (/w/index.php?title=2014_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2015 (/w/index.php?title=2015_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2016 (/w/index.php?title=2016_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2017 (/w/index.php?title=2017_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) Art (/wiki/2007_in_art) Archaeology (/wiki/2007_in_archaeology) Architecture (/wiki/2007_in_architecture) Literature (/wiki/2007_in_literature) Music (/wiki/2007_in_music) Philosophy (/wiki/2007_in_philosophy) Science (/wiki/2007_in_science) +... (/wiki/Category:2007) Red carpet fashion in 2007 featured beading and metallic themes at the Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award) , dresses with a single shoulder strap (/wiki/Shoulder_strap) at the Oscars (/wiki/Academy_Award) , and strong colours or black-and-white at the Emmy Awards (/wiki/Emmy_Award) . Golden Globe Awards (January 15) [ edit ] Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and Evangeline Lilly (/wiki/Evangeline_Lilly) at the 64th Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/64th_Golden_Globe_Awards) on January 15, 2007 Many of the female attendees at the 64th Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/64th_Golden_Globe_Awards) chose beaded or metallic dresses, such as Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) 's solidly sequinned (/wiki/Sequin) gold Elie Saab (/wiki/Elie_Saab) gown, with jewellery used sparingly, such as a single large diamond ring or a pair of hoop earrings. [1] (#cite_note-1) White gowns were another trend of the night. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-Rodgers-3) The New York Times noted that many stars had chosen big hairstyles, but praised those who wore their hair down. [4] (#cite_note-4) One of the most-publicised dresses was Reese Witherspoon (/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon) 's atypical (for her) short dress by Olivier Theyskens (/wiki/Olivier_Theyskens) for Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) for her first public appearance after her divorce from Ryan Phillippe (/wiki/Ryan_Phillippe) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-InStyle-6) The tight, strapless lemon-yellow dress was named 12th best dress of the decade by InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) and polled 11th in a 2008 Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) poll naming the top 20 red carpet dresses up to that year. [6] (#cite_note-InStyle-6) [7] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-7) The dress was remembered years later as a "bold and empowering choice" that gave the newly single Witherspoon "oomph" and made her seem "sexier than ever". [6] (#cite_note-InStyle-6) [8] (#cite_note-perla-8) InStyle fashion director Hal Rubenstein, who called the dress "a brilliant strategy" for the event, [6] (#cite_note-InStyle-6) christened it the "Ryan Who?" dress in his 2012 book 100 Unforgettable Dresses . [9] (#cite_note-9) Academy Awards (February 25) [ edit ] Oscar fashion at the 2007 ceremony (/wiki/79th_Academy_Awards) was generally described as tasteful albeit unadventurous, [10] (#cite_note-pugh-10) [11] (#cite_note-whitney-11) and dominated by "mint green, chic neutrals and shades of blue". [12] (#cite_note-DN-12) Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) 's rose-beige strapless Versace (/wiki/Versace) dress with its voluminously feathered skirt was a highlight, [10] (#cite_note-pugh-10) with one reporter proclaiming it "the definition of an Oscar dress: gorgeous color, perfect fit, epic style". [11] (#cite_note-whitney-11) It continued to be remembered well after the event, with the fashion journalist, magazine editor and stylist Alexandra Fullerton calling it a "seminal moment in Oscar style" to the BBC. [13] (#cite_note-13) In addition to this, Cruz's dress was rated 15th in the Debenhams poll, named 5th best dress of the decade by InStyle , and Cosmopolitan praised it in their list of best Oscar Dresses as a bold choice that fitted Cruz perfectly. [7] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-7) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-cosmo-15) Cosmopolitan also admired Helen Mirren (/wiki/Helen_Mirren) 's nude-coloured beaded and lace Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) dress, calling it "freaking foxy", and Cate Blanchett's one-shouldered silver and Swarovski crystal mesh dress by Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) . [15] (#cite_note-cosmo-15) [16] (#cite_note-HollywoodReporter2007-16) Maggie Gyllenhaal (/wiki/Maggie_Gyllenhaal) , Beyoncé and Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) also wore one-shouldered dresses. [10] (#cite_note-pugh-10) Against the other dresses' neutral and subtle colours, Blanchett's choice of sparkling silver was particularly outstanding, [12] (#cite_note-DN-12) with Cosmopolitan saying, "Cate makes the list (of Best Oscar Dresses) twice because of her consistently impeccable style. This one-shouldered gunmetal gown clings to her fabulous body like it was painted on, and the delicate and elegant hair and makeup complete the look without distracting us from the dress." [15] (#cite_note-cosmo-15) Alternative looks worn by the men included a brown tuxedo for Djimon Hounsou (/wiki/Djimon_Hounsou) and outsize lapels for Clive Owen (/wiki/Clive_Owen) , whilst Peter O'Toole (/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole) wore purple brocade (/wiki/Brocade) and Spike Lee (/wiki/Spike_Lee) chose white, with a spotted ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) and blue beret (/wiki/Beret) . [10] (#cite_note-pugh-10) Emmys (September 16) [ edit ] Gowns worn to the 2007 Emmys (/wiki/59th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards) followed the contemporary trend for bright colours, mainly in satin (/wiki/Satin) , with black-and-white as an alternative. [17] (#cite_note-cynem-17) [18] (#cite_note-sage-18) Many guests wore strapless dresses, and trends for upswept hairstyles, bold lipstick, dangling earrings, and large rings were also noted. [17] (#cite_note-cynem-17) [18] (#cite_note-sage-18) Although attendees received the customary fashion coverage, very few were singled out for extensive commentary on their wardrobe choices, [19] (#cite_note-bedhair-19) [20] (#cite_note-smart-20) and InStyle did not choose any dresses from this event for their Top 100 dresses of the decade. [21] (#cite_note-21) Other events [ edit ] For the Golden Age of Couture VIP gala at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) wore a vintage 1930s wedding dress in gold satin that was rated 10th in the Debenhams poll. [7] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-7) [22] (#cite_note-mander-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) The fabric of the dress was very fragile, and it is largely remembered for tearing apart through the course of the evening, exposing Moss's body beneath and leaving her in rags by the time she left for the after-party. [24] (#cite_note-metrokate-24) Although the dress was often attributed at the time to Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , [7] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-7) [24] (#cite_note-metrokate-24) subsequent reports do not link Dior to the dress which, in its destroyed state, was later donated to a fundraiser in aid of Cancer Research UK (/wiki/Cancer_Research_UK) . [22] (#cite_note-mander-22) [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Nellis, Cynthia. "Golden Globes Fashion 2007" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120526005155/http://fashion.about.com/od/celebawardsshows/ss/goldenglobes07.htm) . About.com. Archived from the original (http://fashion.about.com/od/celebawardsshows/ss/goldenglobes07.htm) on 26 May 2012 . Retrieved 13 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Nellis, Cynthia. "Golden Globes Fashion 2007: Right in White -- Sienna Miller, Kate Winslet" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121118230343/http://fashion.about.com/od/celebawardsshows/ss/goldenglobes07_2.htm) . About.com. Archived from the original (http://fashion.about.com/od/celebawardsshows/ss/goldenglobes07_2.htm) on 18 November 2012 . Retrieved 13 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rodgers_3-0) Rodgers, J (16 January 2007). "64th Golden Globes Fashion Awards" (http://www.canmag.com/nw/6426-golden-globe-fashion) . CanMag . Retrieved 13 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Horyn, Cathy (16 January 2007). "And for the Best on the Red Carpet" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/16/arts/16fash.html?_r=1) . New York Times . Retrieved 13 July 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Nellis, Cynthia. "Golden Globes Fashion 2007: Newly Single Makeovers -- Reese Witherspoon, Cameron Diaz" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120205171512/http://fashion.about.com/od/celebawardsshows/ss/goldenglobes07_6.htm) . About.com. Archived from the original (http://fashion.about.com/od/celebawardsshows/ss/goldenglobes07_6.htm) on 5 February 2012 . Retrieved 13 July 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "InStyle's 100 best dresses of the decade" (http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/12/28/best.dresses.of.decade/) . InStyle (via CNN.com) . December 29, 2009 . Retrieved 21 April 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Urmee Khan (9 October 2008). "Liz Hurley 'safety pin' dress voted the greatest dress" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/3167702/Liz-Hurley-safety-pin-dress-voted-the-greatest-dress.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 1 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-perla_8-0) La Ferla, Ruth (January 20, 2012). "The Power Stylists of Hollywood" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/fashion/hollywoods-power-stylists.html?_r=1) . The New York Times . Retrieved 21 April 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Rubenstein, Hal (6 March 2012). "The "Ryan Who?" Dress" (https://books.google.com/books?id=KvzSrWl5QP0C&q=%22Reese+Witherspoon%22+Theyskens&pg=PT243) . 100 Unforgettable Dresses . New York: Harper Design. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-219888-4 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Pugh, Clifford (26 February 2007). "Oscar night brings out glamorous fashions" (http://www.chron.com/life/article/Oscar-night-brings-out-glamorous-fashions-1796015.php) . The Houston Chronicle . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Pastorek, Whitney (2 March 2007). "The Fashions: Oscar 2007's best and worst dressed -- We rate the fashions of Penelope Cruz, Jennifer Lopez, and Reese Witherspoon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070325104714/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20013833,00.html) . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original (http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20013833,00.html) on March 25, 2007 . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b "IN LIVING COLOR PASTELS, JEWEL TONES BRING LIGHT, (NEW) LIFE TO OSCAR NIGHT" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160409070708/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-159975204.html) . Daily News, Los Angeles. Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-159975204.html) on 9 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Briggs, Caroline (13 February 2008). "Findingdai the perfect Oscar frock" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7240657.stm) . BBC News . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "100 Best Dresses of the Decade #5 Penelope Cruz in Atelier Versace, 2007" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20705076,00.html) . InStyle . Retrieved 16 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Oscars Best and Worst Dressed" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/red-carpet-dresses/best-and-worst-oscar-style) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-HollywoodReporter2007_16-0) The Hollywood Reporter . Hollywood Reporter Incorporated. 2007. p. 280 . Retrieved 10 April 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nellis, Cynthia. "Emmy Fashion '07: Brights, White and Earrings" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130412233743/http://fashion.about.com/od/celebritystyle/a/emmyfashion07.htm) . About.com. Archived from the original (http://fashion.about.com/od/celebritystyle/a/emmyfashion07.htm) on 12 April 2013 . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sage, Alexandrina (17 September 2007). "Black and white fashions dominate Emmy red carpet" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emmys-fashion-idUSN1521098920070917) . Reuters . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-bedhair_19-0) Waldholz, Chantal (16 September 2007). "Emmy 2007 Red Carpet Fashions: Bed-Head Hair & Sparkles" (https://archive.today/20130703055654/http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2007/09/16/emmy-2007-red-carpet-fashions-bed-head-hair-sparkles/) . Hollywood Today . Archived from the original (http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2007/09/16/emmy-2007-red-carpet-fashions-bed-head-hair-sparkles/) on 3 July 2013 . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-smart_20-0) Waldholz, Chantal (16 September 2007). "Emmy 2007 Fashion and Remarks: Smart Women, Smartly Dressed" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100616082419/http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2007/09/16/emmy-2007-fashion-and-remarks-smart-women-smartly-dressed/) . Hollywood Today . Archived from the original (http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2007/09/16/emmy-2007-fashion-and-remarks-smart-women-smartly-dressed/) on 16 June 2010 . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Rubenstein, Hal. "100 Best Dresses of the Decade" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20710969,00.html#20708574) . InStyle . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mander, Harjeet. "Kate Moss Auctions Her 'Iconic' Ripped Vintage Gown" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080228061633/http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/40714/kate-moss-auctions-her-iconic) . EntertainmentWise. Archived from the original (http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/40714/kate-moss-auctions-her-iconic) on 28 February 2008 . Retrieved 16 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Clarke, Victoria Mary (23 September 2007). "How this Cinderella met Prince at the ball" (http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/independent-woman/fashion/how-this-cinderella-met-prince-at-the-ball-1085843.html) . Independent Woman . Retrieved 16 June 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Harmsworth, Andrei (October 2007). "Kate Moss has a ripper of a night" (http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/66708-kate-moss-has-a-ripper-of-a-night) . Metro . Retrieved 16 June 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Buy Kate Moss's Dress!" (http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/fashion/184396/buy-kate-moss-s-dress.html) . Marie Claire . 26 February 2008 . Retrieved 16 June 2012 . 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Wisconsin agricultural ambassador program This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( November 2022 ) Alice in Dairyland Formation 1948 Type Governmental organization (/wiki/Governmental_organization) , ambassador (/wiki/Ambassador) , agriculturalist (/wiki/Agriculturalist) Headquarters Madison (/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin) Location Wisconsin (/wiki/Wisconsin) Official language English (/wiki/English_language) Website Official website (https://www.aliceindairyland.com/) Alice in Dairyland is a one-year, full-time public relations professional employed by the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (DATCP). Each year, Alice in Dairyland travels more than 40,000 miles throughout the state, promoting Wisconsin agriculture to various audiences. Additionally, she conducts hundreds of media interviews, speeches and school presentations. Applications for this rewarding role are accepted each January. The Alice in Dairyland program began in 1948 with the selection of Margaret Jean McGuire of Highland, as part of Wisconsin's centennial celebration. It is organized by the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (/wiki/Wisconsin_Department_of_Agriculture,_Trade,_and_Consumer_Protection) (DATCP) [1] (#cite_note-1) and headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin (/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin) . Winners [ edit ] Date of event Location of event Winner's name Alice # Hometown School/Training 1948 June 20 Milwaukee County Margaret Jean McGuire 1 Highland UW-Whitewater 1949 March 20 Milwaukee County LaVonne Hermann 2 Mount Horeb University Hospitals 1950 March 20 Milwaukee County Virginia Peterson 3 Union Grove UW-Madison (BS) UW-Milwaukee (MS) 1951 March 20 Waukesha County Marjean Czerwinski 4 Milwaukee 1952 August 20 Outagamie County Beverly Ann Steffen 5 Appleton UW-Madison 1953 La Crosse County Mary Ellen Jenks 6 Chippewa Falls UW-Eau Claire 1954 Green County Mary JcCabe 7 Ladysmith UW-Eau Claire 1955 Marathon County Barbara Brown 8 Stanley UW-Stout [2] (#cite_note-history-2) 1956 Eau Claire County Doris Olsen 9 Brooklyn UW-Milwaukee 1957 Dodge County Nancy Trewyn 10 Whitewater UW-Whitewater 1958 Brown County Barbara Haslow 11 Chili UW-Madison 1959 Rock County Merrie Barney 12 Burlington Stephens College (MO) 1960 Richland County Joan Engh 13 LaCrosse UW-Madison 1961 Wood County Carol Anderson 14 Superior UW-Madison 1962 Dunn County Sylvia Lee 15 Colfax UW-Eau Claire 1963 June 9 Manitowoc County Marilyn Katherine Draeger 16 Fort Atkinson UW-Whitewater 1964 Milwaukee County Beth Bartosh 17 Burlington UW-Whitewater 1965 Dane County Kathy Kenas 18 Rosendale UW-Madison 1966 Eau Claire County Jo Ann Cupery 19 Markesan St. Olaf's College (MN) 1967 June 10 Brown County Kristin Ann Williams 20 Colgate (/wiki/Colgate,_Wisconsin) UW-Oshkosh 1968 Kenosha County Roberta Thoreson 21 West Allis UW-Milwaukee 1969 Fond Du Lac County Judith Schultz 22 South Milwaukee UW-Madison 1970 La Crosse County Susan Masterson 23 Janesville UW-Madison 1971 Marinette County Marsha Lindsay 24 Manawa UW-Stevens Point (BS) UW-Madison (MS) 1972 Jefferson County Deborah Moser 25 Wausau 1973 Barron County Mary Hopkins 26 Cumberland UW-Eau Claire (BS) UW-Stout(PhD) 1974 Outagamie County Joana Markevicious 27 Pine River UW-Madison 1975 Grant County Deborah Del Balso 28 Brookfield UW-Madison 1976 Washington County Janice Findlay 29 Burlington UW-Madison 1977 Marathon County Karyn Nelson 30 Barron UW-Eau Claire 1978 Brown County Laura Oldenberg 31 Burlington UW-Stout 1979 Clark County Rebecca Powell 32 Baraboo UW-Madison 1980 June 14 Sauk County Vicky Leah Scharlau 33 Waumandee UW-Madison 1981 Dodge County Debra Casucci 34 Beloit UW-Madison 1982 Kenosha County Dorothy Farrell 35 Oregon UW-Madison 1983 Door County Barbara Jo Ward 36 Fort Atkinson UW-Madison 1984 Eau Claire County Cynthia Johnson 37 Oregon UW-Stout 1985 Marathon County Lisa Hoesly 38 Juda UW-Madison 1986 Grant County Liz Henry 39 Dane UW-Madison 1987 Dane County Kristine Gratz 40 Darlington UW-Platteville 1988 Manitowoc County Rebecca Weiner 41 Ladysmith UW-Madison 1989 Dunn County Stephanie Binversie 42 Wauzeka UW-Stout 1990 La Crosse County Kim Nettesheim 43 Elkhorn Cardinal Stritch 1991 Marathon County Renea Troller 44 Rubicon UW-River Falls 1992 Barron County Kristan Conrad 45 Green Bay UW-Madison (BS and MS) 1993 Rock County Angela Corbin 46 Belleville UW-Madison U of Illinois 1994 Monroe County Angela Rule 47 Mineral Point UW-Platteville (BS and MS) 1995 Rusk County Jolynne Nagel 48 Antigo UW-Madison 1996 Waupaca County Holly Crowley 49 Walworth UW-Madison 1997 Green County Courtney Booth 50 Forest Junction UW-Madison 1998 Eau Claire County Jennifer Meyer 51 Monroe UW-Madison 1999 Langlade County Amy Brown 52 Loyal UW-Madison 2000 Sauk County Roxanne Peelen 53 Oconomowoc Marquette 2001 Clark County Sheri Hicken 54 Baraboo UW-River Falls 2002 Wood County Angela Hemauer 55 Plymouth 2003 Fond Du Lac County Natalie Parmentier 56 Green Bay UW-River Falls 2004 Iowa County Betsy Francoeur 57 Merrill UW-La Crosse 2005 Taylor County Gena Cooper 58 Mukwonago UW-Madison 2006 Ozaukee County Nicole Barlass 59 Sheboygan Falls UW-Madison 2007 Chippewa County Jill Makovec 60 Muscoda UW-Madison 2008 Sheboygan County Ashley Andre 61 Plymouth UW-Madison 2009 Racine County Cheryl O'Brien 62 Eastman UW-Milwaukee 2010 Rock County Christine Lindner 63 Beaver Dam UW-Madison 2011 Waushara County Katie Wirkus 64 Athens UW-River Falls 2012 Grant County Rochelle (Ripp) Schnadt 65 Lodi UW-Platteville 2013 Calumet County Kristin (Natzke) Olson 66 Fond du Lac UW-Madison 2014 Clark County Zoey Brooks 67 Waupaca UW-Madison 2015 Manitowoc County Teyanna Loether 68 Sauk City UW-Madison 2016 Dodge County Ann Elizabeth O'Leary 69 Evansville Carthage College 2017 May 13 Brown County Crystal Siemers-Peterman 70 Cleveland University of Minnesota 2018 Adams County Kaitlyn Riley 71 Gay Mills UW-Madison 2019 Green County Abigail Martin 72 Milton UW-Madison 2020 Walworth County Julia Nunes 73 Chippewa Falls University of Minnesota 2021 [Note 1] (#endnote_20211) N/A Julia Nunes 74 Chippewa Falls University of Minnesota 2022 Dane County Taylor Schaefer 75 Franksville UW-Madison 2023 [3] (#cite_note-meetalice-3) Walworth County Ashley Hagenow 76 Poynette University of Minnesota 2024 Door County Halei Heinzel 77 Oconomowoc UW-Madison Source: [2] (#cite_note-history-2) and [4] (#cite_note-officialhistory-4) Notes [ edit ] 1. 1 Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection canceled the 2021 Alice in Dairyland Finals and allowed Nunes to continue as Alice in Dairyland for another year. [5] (#cite_note-meetsome-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "DATCP Home Alice in Dairyland" (http://datcp.wi.gov/Pages/Growing_WI/AliceInDairyland.aspx) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200457/https://datcp.wi.gov/Pages/Growing_WI/AliceInDairyland.aspx) from the original on May 25, 2017 . Retrieved May 19, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "DATCP Home History of Alice in Dairyland" (https://datcp.wi.gov/Pages/Growing_WI/AliceHistory.aspx) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170430153619/https://datcp.wi.gov/Pages/Growing_WI/AliceHistory.aspx) from the original on April 30, 2017 . Retrieved May 19, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-meetalice_3-0) "Meet Ashley" (https://www.aliceindairyland.com/about-alice) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231207172842/https://www.aliceindairyland.com/about-alice) from the original on December 7, 2023 . Retrieved June 8, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-officialhistory_4-0) "Alice in Dairyland Alumni" (https://www.aliceindairyland.com/past-alice-in-dairylands) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231206135238/https://www.aliceindairyland.com/past-alice-in-dairylands) from the original on December 6, 2023 . Retrieved June 8, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-meetsome_5-0) "Meet Some of the Women Who Have Served as Alice in Dairyland" (https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/human-interest/2021/03/15/the-history-of-wisconsin-s-alice-in-dairyland-program) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210320175129/https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/human-interest/2021/03/15/the-history-of-wisconsin-s-alice-in-dairyland-program) from the original on March 20, 2021 . Retrieved June 8, 2024 . Further reading [ edit ] Janik, Erika (2014). "Wisconsin's Goddesses and Queens: Wisconsin's Alice in Dairyland, women farmers grow from rich history" (http://ediblemilwaukee.com/vintage-eats/goddesses-queens/) . Edible Milwaukee . Kercheval, Jesse Lee (2007). "Alice in Dairyland". The Alice Stories . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Kottke, Colleen (July 21, 2014). "Search for 'mystery' Alice in Dairyland sparks nationwide debate" (http://www.wisconsinrapidstribune.com/story/news/local/2014/07/21/search-mystery-alice-dairyland-sparks-nationwide-debate/12965787/) . Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune . O'Leary, Ann (April 13, 2017). " (http://www.wisconsinagriculturist.com/marketing/alice-program-has-evolved-over-past-70-years) 'Alice' program has evolved over past 70 years" (http://www.wisconsinagriculturist.com/marketing/alice-program-has-evolved-over-past-70-years) . Wisconsin Agriculturist . Reese, Willard T. (1956). "Alice in Dairyland and Her Associates: An Example of State Promotional Activity" (http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=goto&id=WI.WIBlueBk1956&page=101&isize=L) . The Wisconsin Blue Book . Madison: Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library. pp. 101–104. Snyder, Molly (March 26, 2014). "Alice in Dairyland's experiences are no small potatoes" (https://onmilwaukee.com/buzz/articles/aliceindairylandupdate.html) . OnMilwaukee . External links [ edit ] "DATCP Home Alice in Dairyland" (https://datcp.wi.gov/Pages/AgDevelopment/AliceInDairyland.aspx) . datcp.wi.gov . Alice in Dairyland at the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection "Wisconsin Historical Society \| Explore our historical collections, research your family history, teach and learn Wisconsin history, preserve historic properties, donate, volunteer and more" (https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records?terms=Alice+in+Dairyland) . Wisconsin Historical Society . 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