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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ceremonial clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ceremonial_clothing) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐bbdrt Cached time: 20240720183203 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.082 seconds Real time usage: 0.176 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2947/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 356/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.048/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1058092/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 165.821 1 -total 74.22% 123.074 1 Template:Commons_cat 71.41% 118.410 1 Template:Sister_project 70.17% 116.363 1 Template:Side_box 25.65% 42.540 1 Template:Cat_main 3.26% 5.405 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1118974-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720183203 and revision id 1048228334. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. A Academic dress (/wiki/Category:Academic_dress) ‎ (1 C, 37 P) C Cockades (/wiki/Category:Cockades) ‎ (7 P) Court uniforms and dress (/wiki/Category:Court_uniforms_and_dress) ‎ (1 C, 19 P) F Folk costumes (/wiki/Category:Folk_costumes) ‎ (9 C, 105 P) Formal insignia (/wiki/Category:Formal_insignia) ‎ (5 C, 33 P) J Judicial clothing (/wiki/Category:Judicial_clothing) ‎ (8 P) M Ritual masks (/wiki/Category:Ritual_masks) ‎ (3 C, 12 P) R Regalia (/wiki/Category:Regalia) ‎ (15 C, 55 P) Religious clothing (/wiki/Category:Religious_clothing) ‎ (11 C, 14 P) V Veils (/wiki/Category:Veils) ‎ (3 C, 25 P) W Wedding clothing (/wiki/Category:Wedding_clothing) ‎ (2 C, 5 P) Pages in category "Ceremonial clothing" The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) A Acheik (/wiki/Acheik) B Boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) Burmese clothing (/wiki/Burmese_clothing) C Care cloth (/wiki/Care_cloth) Cockade (/wiki/Cockade) Colobium sindonis (/wiki/Colobium_sindonis) Coronation glove (/wiki/Coronation_glove) D Diplomatic uniform (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) I Imperial Robe (/wiki/Imperial_Robe) P Presidential sash (/wiki/Presidential_sash) R Robe of State (/wiki/Robe_of_State) Robe Royal (/wiki/Robe_Royal) Robes of the British peerage (/wiki/Robes_of_the_British_peerage) Royal christening gown (/wiki/Royal_christening_gown) S Senufo bird (/wiki/Senufo_bird) Stole Royal (/wiki/Stole_Royal) Supertunica (/wiki/Supertunica) T Tau robe (/wiki/Tau_robe) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) V Veil (/wiki/Veil) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ceremonial_clothing&oldid=1048228334 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ceremonial_clothing&oldid=1048228334) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by function (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_function) Ceremonies (/wiki/Category:Ceremonies) Formal wear (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) Dress codes (/wiki/Category:Dress_codes) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Canada portal (/wiki/Portal:Canada) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) By province or territory Alberta British Columbia (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_British_Columbia) Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Nunavut Ontario (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Ontario) Prince Edward Island Quebec (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Quebec) Saskatchewan Yukon NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐npf5w Cached time: 20240714075712 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.127 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 46/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4136/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 16/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3485/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.068/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1528830/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 113.825 1 -total 61.11% 69.562 1 Template:CanadaByProvinceCatNav 38.73% 44.085 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71339433-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714075712 and revision id 1099308461. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Female models from Alberta" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Ashley Callingbull-Burnham (/wiki/Ashley_Callingbull-Burnham) H Tricia Helfer (/wiki/Tricia_Helfer) L Evangeline Lilly (/wiki/Evangeline_Lilly) M Grace Mahary (/wiki/Grace_Mahary) Heather Marks (/wiki/Heather_Marks) O Sunday Omony (/wiki/Sunday_Omony) R Stacey Roy (/wiki/Stacey_Roy) S Marika Sila (/wiki/Marika_Sila) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Alberta&oldid=1099308461 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Alberta&oldid=1099308461) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Canadian female models by province or territory (/wiki/Category:Canadian_female_models_by_province_or_territory) Models from Alberta (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Alberta) Women in Alberta (/wiki/Category:Women_in_Alberta) Hidden category: CanadaByProvinceCatNav with over 5 grey links (/wiki/Category:CanadaByProvinceCatNav_with_over_5_grey_links)
French grand couturier (1763–1829) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Hippolyte_Leroy) in French . (January 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLouis_Hippolyte_Leroy&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Louis Hippolyte Leroy]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated\|fr\|Louis Hippolyte Leroy}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Louis_Hippolyte_Leroy) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . At the head of Hippolyte Leroy's bill, "Fashion Merchant of her Majesty the Empress [Joséphine]", Maison Boutin, rue de la Loi (now rue de Richelieu) in Paris. Louis Hippolyte Leroy (1763–1829) was a French fashion merchant (/wiki/Fashion_merchant) who founded the House of Leroy (/wiki/House_of_Leroy) , one of the foremost fashion houses of the early 19th century First Empire (/wiki/First_French_Empire) Paris. He is known as the favorite fashion trader and the official fashion designer of empress Josephine de Beauharnais (/wiki/Josephine_de_Beauharnais) . He was very successful and also provided dresses for several other royal and Princely courts in Europe during the early 19th century. Life [ edit ] The son of a machinist of the Royal Opera, he was trained to be a hairdresser and employed at the Royal court of Versailles. In 1804, he provided the empress with her coronation costume, which founded his career as a successful fashion trader of the Parisian high society, eventually making himself a millionaire. During the First Empire, he was a favorite designer of gowns for Empress Joséphine (/wiki/Empress_Jos%C3%A9phine) and the women of the Imperial court of Napoleon I (/wiki/Napoleon_I) , while Madame Herbault (/wiki/Madame_Herbault) made their hats and accessories. [1] (#cite_note-1) According to Imbert de Saint Amand (/w/index.php?title=Imbert_de_Saint_Amand&action=edit&redlink=1) , Leroy did not actually design the costumes he sold; in fact, he bought the models from designers such as Louis-Philibert Debucourt (/wiki/Louis-Philibert_Debucourt) , Jean-Baptiste Isabey (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Isabey) and Auguste Garneray (/wiki/Auguste_Garneray) , and simply sold them on to his costumers. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gary Tinterow, Michael Pantazzi, Vincent Pomarède, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), Musée des beaux-arts du Canada (Ottawa, Ont.)., National Gallery of Canada, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.): Corot (https://books.google.com/books?id=5tchlLkspeIC&q=millinery&pg=PA409) (New York, N.Y.) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Enrica Morini, Storia della moda XVIII-XX secolo, p. 59 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐q6xx5 Cached time: 20240710184416 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.145 seconds Real time usage: 0.416 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 730/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21135/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3096/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4034/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.067/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2443183/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 187.485 1 -total 41.30% 77.434 1 Template:Expand_French 39.54% 74.132 1 Template:Short_description 38.48% 72.135 1 Template:Expand_language 35.12% 65.847 1 Template:Ambox 22.10% 41.438 2 Template:Pagetype 19.37% 36.323 1 Template:Hidden 12.28% 23.025 1 Template:Authority_control 12.03% 22.562 5 Template:Main_other 10.46% 19.617 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56461350-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710184416 and revision id 1233755836. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Hippolyte_Leroy&oldid=1233755836 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Hippolyte_Leroy&oldid=1233755836) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_designers) 19th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:19th-century_French_businesspeople) People of the First French Empire (/wiki/Category:People_of_the_First_French_Empire) 1763 births (/wiki/Category:1763_births) 1829 deaths (/wiki/Category:1829_deaths) French merchants (/wiki/Category:French_merchants) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Biography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Biography_articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia)
(Redirected from Polly McMaster (/w/index.php?title=Polly_McMaster&redirect=no) ) British womenswear fashion label The Fold London Industry Clothing Founded 2012 Founder Polly McMaster (/wiki/Polly_McMaster) Website https://thefoldlondon.com (https://thefoldlondon.com) The Fold London is a British womenswear fashion label providing luxury business attire, and describes itself as offering "the feminine alternative to the Savile Row suit". [1] (#cite_note-Daily_Telegraph-1) The brand is London-based, with a large retail store in Belgravia (/wiki/Belgravia) , London. [2] (#cite_note-Drapers-2) History [ edit ] The company was founded in 2012 by British entrepreneur Polly McMaster, a former finance executive. [1] (#cite_note-Daily_Telegraph-1) [2] (#cite_note-Drapers-2) McMaster is an alumnus of London Business School (/wiki/London_Business_School) , and was included in the Management Today (/wiki/Management_Today) list of "35 under 35". [3] (#cite_note-3) The Fold is backed by Active Partners, [1] (#cite_note-Daily_Telegraph-1) with Nick Evans (founder of Evans Cycle) leading the board of investors. [4] (#cite_note-Active_Partners-4) The company began by offering a "semi-bespoke" service from a studio and workshop in London's Clerkenwell (/wiki/Clerkenwell) , and this facility had closed by the time the first store had opened in 2018. [2] (#cite_note-Drapers-2) [5] (#cite_note-Financial_Times-5) Their first store opened in March 2018, a 1,400 sq ft space in a grade II listed building in Cadogan Place (/wiki/Cadogan_Place) , in London's Belgravia (/wiki/Belgravia) . [2] (#cite_note-Drapers-2) [5] (#cite_note-Financial_Times-5) The store's interior design was created by the all women London-based firm KKD. [5] (#cite_note-Financial_Times-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In August 2018, Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) included The Fold in its "Chic, smart and British: The 5 workwear brands to stock up on this autumn", and wrote, "corporate dressing doesn't have to be frumpy". [7] (#cite_note-Tatler-7) The brand has been included in workwear recommendations articles from publications including Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) [8] (#cite_note-8) and Who What Wear . [9] (#cite_note-9) Awards and recognition [ edit ] In 2016, The Fold was one of 12 companies selected the by UK luxury brand association Walpole (founded by John Ayton (/wiki/John_Ayton) ) for its Brands of Tomorrow programme. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-Walpole-12) For several years, the company has supported Smartworks.org, a charity dedicated to donating free, smart workwear for women going back to work after a period of unemployment, with donations and fundraising activities. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Notable customers [ edit ] Notable customers include the Duchess of Cambridge (/wiki/Duchess_of_Cambridge) , [1] (#cite_note-Daily_Telegraph-1) Pippa Middleton (/wiki/Pippa_Middleton) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Holly Willoughby (/wiki/Holly_Willoughby) , [16] (#cite_note-16) and Samantha Cameron (/wiki/Samantha_Cameron) . [12] (#cite_note-Walpole-12) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Burn-Callander, Rebecca (19 December 2015). "Luxury womenswear brand The Fold to expand overseas" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/12058305/Luxury-womenswear-brand-The-Fold-to-expand-overseas.html) . The Daily Telegraph . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved 11 January 2020 . ^ a b c d Sutherland, Emily (13 March 2018). "Welcome to The Fold's first physical store" (https://www.drapersonline.com/business-operations/stores/welcome-to-the-folds-first-physical-store/7029279.article) . Drapers . Retrieved 15 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Inspiring women: Polly McMaster" (https://startups.co.uk/inspiring-women-polly-mcmaster/) . Startups.co.uk . 2016-06-30 . Retrieved 2020-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-Active_Partners_4-0) "Nick Evans, Partner" (https://active.partners/people-profile/nick) . Active Partners . Retrieved 15 January 2020 . ^ a b c Groom, Avril (1 March 2018). "The Fold opens its first flagship boutique" (https://howtospendit.ft.com/womens-style/202873-the-fold-opens-its-first-flagship-boutique) . The Financial Times . Retrieved 15 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Fold" (https://www.kkd.co.uk/featured/the-fold) . Kinnersley Kent Design . Retrieved 2020-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-Tatler_7-0) Annabelle Spranklen, Annabelle Spranklen (31 August 2018). "Chic, smart and British: The 5 workwear brands to stock up on this autumn" (https://www.tatler.com/article/best-british-work-wear-labels) . Tatler . Retrieved 15 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Goldstone, Penny (August 21, 2019). "10 new shoe brands I'm excited about for autumn/winter" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashion/new-shoe-brands-666319) . Marie Claire . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Langedijk, Bonnie (November 20, 2018). "10 Pieces Later, You've Got a Perfect Business Capsule Wardrobe" (https://www.whowhatwear.co.uk/business-capsule-wardrobe/slide3) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hounslea, Tara (19 January 2016). "The Fold and Milli Millu selected as Walpole's Brands of Tomorrow" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/walpole-announces-its-brands-of-tomorrow/7003975.article) . Drapers . Retrieved 15 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Brands of Tomorrow" (https://www.thewalpole.co.uk/programmes/brands-of-tomorrow/) . Walpole . Retrieved 2020-01-13 . ^ a b "The Fold" (http://walpole100.thewalpole.co.uk/fashion-and-apparel/the-fold/) . Walpole . Retrieved 15 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Fold Woman: an interview with CEO Kate Stephens" (https://smartworks.org.uk/london/the-fold-speak-with-ceo-kate-stephens/) . Smart Works . 28 June 2019 . Retrieved 2020-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Meghan's fashion tips as new patron" (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-46831763/meghan-markle-s-fashion-tips-as-new-patron-of-smart-works) . BBC News . Retrieved 2020-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Pippa Middleton wears £500 dress by British designer to the Royal Wedding" (https://metro.co.uk/2018/05/19/pippa-middleton-wears-500-dress-british-designer-fold-dress-royal-wedding-7559359/) . Metro . 2018-05-19 . Retrieved 2020-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Holly Willoughby's grey tea dress she wore on This Morning is THE perfect date outfit" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/celebrity-style/2020011383068/holly-willoughby-grey-dress-this-morning-instagram-the-fold/) . HELLO! . 2020-01-13 . Retrieved 2020-01-13 . 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(Redirected from Ari Forman (/w/index.php?title=Ari_Forman&redirect=no) ) Nike logo The "Swoosh" logo The Swoosh is the logo (/wiki/Logo) of American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) designer and retailer Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) . Today, it has become one of the most recognizable brand (/wiki/Brand) logos in the world, and the most valuable, having a worth of $26 billion alone. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Bill Bowerman (/wiki/Bill_Bowerman) and Phil Knight (/wiki/Phil_Knight) founded Nike on January 25, 1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). Upon changing its name to Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971, the company adopted the Swoosh as its official logo the same year. Carolyn Davidson (/wiki/Carolyn_Davidson_(graphic_designer)) , a student at Portland State University (/wiki/Portland_State_University) during the time Knight taught there, created the logo, attempting to convey motion in its design. The logo has undergone minor changes from its original design in 1971, today most commonly seen as a solo swoosh, although for much of its history, the logo incorporated the NIKE name alongside the Swoosh. The Swoosh has appeared alongside the trademark "Just Do It" since 1988. Together, these two make up the core of Nike's brand, and has been the face of the company, with many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world sporting the logos. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) History [ edit ] The Nike Swoosh corporate trademark was created in 1971 by Carolyn Davidson (/wiki/Carolyn_Davidson_(graphic_designer)) while she was a graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) student at Portland State University. Davidson started as a journalism major but switched to design after taking a design course to "fill an empty elective." [3] (#cite_note-3) She attained a bachelor's in graphic design in 1971. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) It was here that she met Phil Knight, who was at the time teaching accounting classes at the university. Knight had overheard that Davidson was in search of extra funds for her to take oil painting classes, so he offered to pay Davidson to do some freelance (/wiki/Freelance) work for his company, then named Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). Knight offered to pay Davidson $2 per hour (equivalent to $15 per hour in 2023) for the work that she completed. [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) For seven years after its founding in 1964, BRS primarily imported Onitsuka Tiger (/wiki/Onitsuka_Tiger) brand running shoes from Japan (/wiki/Japan) . In 1971, Knight decided to launch his own brand of shoes, which would first appear as cleated shoes for football or soccer, and had a factory in Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) ready to make the shoes. All Knight needed was a "stripe"—the industry term for a shoe logo—to go with his new brand, so he approached Davidson for design ideas. He had asked Davidson to make sure the stripe conveyed motion and did not look similar to the three stripes of Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) . Over the ensuing weeks, she created at least a half-dozen marks and gathered them together to present to Knight, Bob Woodell and Jeff Johnson (two BRS executives) at the company's home office, at the time located in Tigard, Oregon (/wiki/Tigard,_Oregon) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) The logo designed by Davidson for Nike in 1971, for which she was paid $35. The emblem, with some later revisions, has remained as the company logo since then, becoming one of sport's most iconic images. They ultimately selected the mark now known globally as the Swoosh, a shape inspired by the wings of the Greek goddess Nike. [6] (#cite_note-6) "Well, I don't love it", Knight told her, "but maybe it will grow on me." [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Once the choice was made, Davidson asked for more time to refine the work she had done on the Swoosh; however, Knight stated that the company had production deadlines to meet and needed the logo as soon as possible. For her services, the company paid her $35 (equivalent to $263 in 2023) citing that she worked 17.5 hours on creating the Swoosh, although Davidson said that she is certain she worked more hours on the design. [7] (#cite_note-7) The Swoosh was officially trademarked on June 18, 1971 and in June 1972, at the U.S. Track and Field Olympic Trials (/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Trials_(track_and_field)) in Eugene, Oregon (/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon) , Nike's first official track shoe, the Nike Cortez (/wiki/Nike_Cortez) , was released to the athletes sporting the new Swoosh. [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Davidson continued working for Blue Ribbon Sports (it officially became Nike, Inc. in 1972) until the design demands of the growing company exceeded one person's capacity. In 1976, the company hired its first external advertising agency, John Brown and Partners, and Davidson went on to work on other clients' needs. In September 1983, Knight gave Davidson a golden Swoosh ring with an embedded diamond and 500 shares of Nike stock (/wiki/Capital_stock) (which have since split into 32,000 shares) to express his gratitude. [9] (#cite_note-9) Of the gift, Davidson says, "this was something rather special for Phil to do, because I originally billed him and he paid that invoice." [10] (#cite_note-Nikebiz22-10) Davidson went on to be known as "The Logo Lady". [11] (#cite_note-:12-11) She said that she is not a millionaire but lives comfortably. Davidson retired in 2000 and now engages in hobbies and volunteer work, including at the Ronald McDonald House (/wiki/Ronald_McDonald_House_Charities) at Legacy Emanuel Hospital & Health Center (/wiki/Legacy_Emanuel_Hospital_%26_Health_Center) in Oregon (/wiki/Oregon) . [10] (#cite_note-Nikebiz22-10) Design and color [ edit ] The logo at the former Highbury Stadium (/wiki/Highbury_Stadium) , London (/wiki/London) Nike co-founder Phil Knight was adamant that his company's new logo be a simple design that is fluid and conveys motion and speed. The logo is also said to symbolize the wing of the Greek goddess of victory, Nike (/wiki/Nike_(mythology)) . [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) When first released, the design was displayed in a variety of colors to stand out on the track from other shoe manufacturers. [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) Nike primarily used the red and white color palette on its logo for much of its history. The red is meant to exemplify passion, energy, and joy, while the white color represents nobility, charm and purity. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) Until 1995, the official Nike corporate logo for Nike featured the name "NIKE" in Futura Bold, all-caps font, cradled within the Swoosh. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) Brand image [ edit ] One of the most recognized logos in the world, the Nike brand was valued at $26 billion in 2015. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Nike spends about 10% of its annual revenue on advertising and promotions. Harvard Business School (/wiki/Harvard_Business_School) professor Stephen A. Greyser has described the logo as "the living, vibrant symbol of the firm". [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Nike has prominently featured the Swoosh logo in its advertising. The endorsements of Romanian (/wiki/Romanians) tennis (/wiki/Tennis) player Ilie Năstase (/wiki/Ilie_N%C4%83stase) and distance runner (/wiki/Long-distance_running) Steve Prefontaine (/wiki/Steve_Prefontaine) kicked off Nike's brand sponsorships; today hundreds of athletes endorse the company. Nike's contracts with Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) , LeBron James (/wiki/LeBron_James) and Kobe Bryant (/wiki/Kobe_Bryant) in basketball (/wiki/Basketball) , Shane Warne (/wiki/Shane_Warne) (until 2001) in cricket (/wiki/Cricket) , Cathy Freeman (/wiki/Cathy_Freeman) in athletics (/wiki/Sport_of_athletics) , Cristiano Ronaldo (/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo) in football (/wiki/Association_football) , Tiger Woods (/wiki/Tiger_Woods) in golf (/wiki/Golf) , and Roger Federer (/wiki/Roger_Federer) (until 2018) and Rafael Nadal (/wiki/Rafael_Nadal) in tennis are among the largest athlete endorsement deals in sports history. Nike's heritage [ edit ] Nike (/wiki/Nike_(mythology)) is the winged goddess of victory in Greek mythology (/wiki/Greek_mythology) , who sat at the side of Zeus (/wiki/Zeus) in Olympus. Nike (/wiki/Nike_(mythology)) is said to have presided over history's earliest battlefields as she flew around rewarding the victors with glory and fame, symbolized by a wreath of leaves. She was often found next to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, who is said to never put up with defeat. In statues and paintings Nike is represented as a woman with wings dressed in a flowing robe, with a wreath in her outstretched hand. To represent her role as the messenger of victory, she is shown with the staff of Hermes (/wiki/Hermes) . In Athens (/wiki/Athens) , the statue of Nike is portrayed without wings and is called Nike Apteron (Wingless Victory). Nike's wings were removed from the statue so she would not fly away, as the Athenians believed doing so would indicate her permanent stay in the city. [13] (#cite_note-13) A sculpture of Nike at Ephesus (/wiki/Ephesus) is said to contain the Swoosh in the flowing dress, but there is no evidence this is the origin of the design. Lawsuits [ edit ] In 2006, Lorillard (/wiki/Lorillard_Tobacco_Company) (the previous owner of Newport) and Nike sued graphic designer Ari Saal Forman after he released his Ari Menthol 10s shoes, which combined the design of the Nike Air Force 1 (/wiki/Air_Force_(shoe)) with Newport's spinnaker and colors. According to Forman, the shoes were "dedicated to the two brands who have taken the most and given the least." As a result of the lawsuit, Forman is not legally allowed to own a pair of Menthol 10s. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2021, Nike sued the art collective MSCHF (/wiki/MSCHF) for the " Satan Shoes (/wiki/Satan_Shoes) ", a modified version of Nike Air Max 97 (/wiki/Nike_Air_Max_97) with explicitly Satanic imagery. Nike claimed trademark infringement (/wiki/Trademark_infringement) and that its brand was being erroneously linked to Satanism. A US district judge ruled that the modified shoes could not be sold. [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] Look up swoosh (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swoosh) or Nike (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nike) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nike, Inc. logos (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nike,_Inc._logos) . ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/logos-that-became-legends-icons-from-the-world-of-advertising-768077.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . 2008-01-04 . Retrieved 13 October 2015 . ^ a b c "The Forbes Fab 40: The World's Most Valuable Sports Brands 2015" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2015/10/22/the-forbes-fab-40-the-most-valuable-brands-in-sports-2015/#adfd90e2e2aa) . Forbes . 2015-10-22. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Portland State Fearless \| Carolyn Davidson: Fearless Icon-Maker" (http://www.pdx.edu/fearless/carolyn-davidson-fearless-icon-maker) . www.pdx.edu . Retrieved 2016-06-26 . ^ a b c d e f Brettman, Allan (2011-06-15). "Creator of Nike's famed Swoosh remembers its conception 40 years later" (http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2011/06/nikes_swoosh_brand_logo_hits_4.html) . The Oregonian (/wiki/The_Oregonian) . Retrieved 2023-02-16 . ^ a b "The $35 Nike Logo and the Woman Who Designed It" (https://creativemarket.com/blog/2015/08/21/the-35-nike-logo-and-the-woman-who-designed-it) . Creative Market. 2015-08-21. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Story behind the Nike logo\|" (https://www.freelogodesign.org/blog/2018/02/19/the-story-behind-the-nike-logo) . www.freelogodesign.org . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Nike gives board seniors the boot" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120503000322/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3527512.stm) . BBC. 2004-08-02. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012 . Retrieved 2009-06-28 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ a b "How Nike Turned Running Shoes Into Fashion" (https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/07/how-nike-turned-sneakers-into-fashion/397610/) . The Atlantic . 2015-07-06. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Colbert, Stephen (2016-04-28). "EP 131" (http://www.cbs.com/shows/the-late-show-with-stephen-colbert/video/GQXc9ojyK9I_tmNMSc_bj7_bWJMcJB_l/the-late-show-4-28-2016-julianna-margulies-christine-baranski-matt-czuchry-hank-azaria-phil-knight-/) . The Late Show with Stephen Colbert . Season 1. Episode 131. CBS . Retrieved 2016-05-02 . ^ a b "Origin of the Swoosh" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071023034940/http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/nikebiz.jhtml?page=5&item=origin) . Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Archived from the original (http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/nikebiz.jhtml?page=5&item=origin) on 2007-10-23 . Retrieved 2007-04-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-:12_11-0) "How a college student created one of sport's most iconic images" (https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/college-student-created-sports-iconic-images/story?id=39945185) . ABC News. 2016-06-17 . Retrieved 2016-06-26 . ^ a b c "Nike Logo" (http://famouslogos.net/nike-logo/) . Famous Logos. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Myth Man's Nike, Goddess of Victory" (http://variousgods.com/nike.html) . variousgods.com . Retrieved 2016-04-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "The Bootleg Nikes That Got Banned by Big Tobacco" (https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/59883a/the-bootleg-nikes-that-got-banned-by-big-tobacco) . Vice Media (/wiki/Vice_Media) . October 20, 2018 . Retrieved December 9, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Ari Saal Forman Explains Why the Menthol 10s Were Banned by Big Tobacco" (https://weartesters.com/ari-saal-forman-explains-menthol-10s-banned-big-tobacco/) . Wear Testers . October 19, 2018 . Retrieved December 9, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Elan, Priya (April 1, 2021). "Judge blocks Lil Nas X's 'Satan Shoes' from shipping to customers" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/apr/01/lil-nas-x-satan-shoes-judge-blocks-shipment) . The Guardian . Retrieved April 1, 2021 . v t e Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) 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Norwegian fashion model (born 1995) Erjona Ala Born ( 1995-07-12 ) 12 July 1995 (age 29) Pristina, Kosovo (/wiki/Pristina,_Kosovo) Modeling information Height 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Green Agency Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (Paris, Milan, Barcelona) Present Model Management (London) Iconic Management (Berlin) Two Management (Los Angeles) Heartbreak Management (Copenhagen, Oslo) (mother agency) [1] (#cite_note-1) Erjona Ala (born July 12, 1995) is a Norwegian fashion model. She is best known for being the face of Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) 's 2012 Fall/Winter campaign [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) and for appearing on the cover of magazines such as Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) and Dazed and Confused . [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) [6] (#cite_note-:6-6) She has also modeled for other fashion brands such as Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , [7] (#cite_note-:10-7) Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [9] (#cite_note-:11-9) and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . [10] (#cite_note-:12-10) Early life [ edit ] Ala is of Albanian heritage and took refuge in Norway with her family in 1997, fleeing genocide by Serbia (/wiki/Serbia) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Career [ edit ] Ala’s modeling career began when she won Elite Model Look Norway contest in 2010 (at age 15) and went on to place second in the 2010 Elite Model Look Final in Shanghai, China. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) [12] (#cite_note-12) She appeared in 65 fashion magazines by age 16. [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2011, Ala signed with Ford Models (/wiki/Ford_Models) and soon after began walking the ramp for a number of different fashion labels. [14] (#cite_note-:7-14) [15] (#cite_note-:8-15) She had her modeling debut at the Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_week) 2011/2012 in Paris, where she exclusively walked for the Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) show. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [14] (#cite_note-:7-14) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2011, she also walked the ramp for the fall Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) couture show that was held in Paris. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [15] (#cite_note-:8-15) [18] (#cite_note-:9-18) In the same year, she also appeared in fashion shows for Temperley London (/wiki/Alice_Temperley) , Margaret Howell (/wiki/Margaret_Howell) , and Loewe (/wiki/Loewe_(fashion_brand)) at venues such as London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [18] (#cite_note-:9-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2012, Ala appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia for the first time. [3] (#cite_note-:3-3) [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) In the same year, she also appeared on the covers of Dazed and Confused [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) [6] (#cite_note-:6-6) Bon Magazine , [20] (#cite_note-20) and ELLE Norway . [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) She also appeared in Another Magazine . [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2012, Ala also starred in the short film The Erjonas , directed by Bon Duke for Nowness (/wiki/Nowness) and featuring designer Prabal Gurung (/wiki/Prabal_Gurung) ’s Fall/Winter 2012 collection. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2013, Ala participated in the Mango (/wiki/Mango_(retailer)) brand’s Spring/Summer 2013 fashion show alongside models such as Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) . [27] (#cite_note-27) She also modeled for Chanel during the Haute Couture Fall-Winter 2013-2014 collection shows at the Grand Palais in Paris. [28] (#cite_note-28) Ala has also modeled for fashion brands such as Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [29] (#cite_note-:2-29) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , [7] (#cite_note-:10-7) Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [9] (#cite_note-:11-9) and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . [10] (#cite_note-:12-10) Ala has also modeled for several other fashion magazines, including W Magazine (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , [30] (#cite_note-30) Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , [31] (#cite_note-31) and Harper’s Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [32] (#cite_note-32) She has signed on with Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) , [33] (#cite_note-33) Munich Models (/wiki/Munich_Models) , [34] (#cite_note-34) The Society NY [35] (#cite_note-35) and Model Management Hamburg, [36] (#cite_note-36) in addition to her main agency Heartbreak Management Oslo [37] (#cite_note-37) The browser-based game Stardoll (/wiki/Stardoll) has an avatar based on Ala. [38] (#cite_note-38) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Erjona Ala - Model" (https://models.com/models/erjona-ala) . models.com . ^ Jump up to: a b "Louis Vuitton Fall Winter 2012.13 Campaign by Steven Meisel" (https://www.designscene.net/2012/06/louis-vuitton-fw12-13.html) . Design Scene . 2012-06-12 . Retrieved 2021-04-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Erjona Ala - Vogue.it" (https://www.vogue.it/sfilate/focus-on-models/2010/12/erjona-ala) . www.vogue.it (in Italian). 9 December 2010 . Retrieved 2021-04-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b Dazed. "Dazed & Confused March Issue: Collections Special" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/gallery/12664/3/dazed-confused-march-issue-collections-special) . Dazed . Retrieved 2020-12-03 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Kati Nescher, Frida Aasen, Erjona Ala & Lara Mullen Cover Dazed & Confused March 2012" (https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/kati-nescher-frida-aasen-erjona-ala-lara-mullen-cover-dazed-confused-march-2012/) . Fashion Gone Rogue . 2012-02-14 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Dazed & Confused Magazine - Erjona Ala" (https://magazinecanteen.com/products/dazed-confused-magazine-2012-7-erjona-ala) . magazine canteen . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Marc Jacobs Resort 2012 Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/resort-2012/marc-jacobs/slideshow/collection) . Vogue . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Look, Elite Model. "My Model Beauty Routine: Erjona Ala" (https://www.elitemodellook.com/int/en/home/my-model-beauty-routine-erjona-ala/index.htm) . Elite Model Look . Retrieved 2020-12-03 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Alex Wang faces: Nadja Bender, Wylie Hays, Erjona Ala. – ModelsJam" (http://www.modelsjam.com/2012/09/alex-wang-faces-nadja-bender-wylie-hays-erjona-ala.html) . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Versace Spring 2013" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/versace-spring-2013-runway) . Vogue . 2012-10-03 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "About" (https://www.jonalamode.com/about) . jonalamode . Retrieved 2021-04-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Karolina Tolkachova, ganadora del Elite Model Look 2010" (https://www.modalia.es/modalia/2010/10/13/topmodels/karolina-tolkachova-modelo-elite-model-look-552.html) . www.modalia.es . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) TEUTA, Revista. "Modelja e kreatorëve më të famshëm botëror" (http://www.revistateuta.com/desktop/content/?id=1672801118) . Revistateuta.com . Retrieved 2021-09-14 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Erjona Ala - Behind The Camera" (http://www.lelalondon.com/2011/11/erjona-ala-behind-the-camera/) . Lela London . 2011-11-04 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Models of the Week: Erjona Ala" (https://models.com/newfaces/modeloftheweek/11563) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Stjerneskudd på motehimmelen - norske Erjona er 16 år og supermodell" (https://www.minmote.no/a/0K3OKB) . www.minmote.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). November 2011 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Balenciaga goes for New Faces - Vogue.it" (https://www.vogue.it/sfilate/curiosita/2011/09/new-faces-sfilata-balenciaga) . www.vogue.it (in Italian). 29 September 2011 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Les nouveaux mannequins de la Fashion Week" (https://www.vogue.fr/mode/mannequins/diaporama/les-nouveaux-mannequins-de-la-fashion-week/8480) . Vogue Paris (in French). 2011-10-06 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Erjona Ala Is London Fashion Week᾿s Top Model" (https://www.thecut.com/2011/09/erjona_ala_is_london_fashion_w.html) . The Cut . 21 September 2011 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Bon Pre-Fall 2012 Covers \| Erjona Ala & Hedvig Palm by Marcus Ohlsson" (https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/bon-prefall-2012-covers-erjona-ala-hedvig-palm-marcus-ohlsson/) . Fashion Gone Rogue . 2012-05-13 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Cover of Elle Norway with Iselin SteiroSiri TollerodErjona AlaHanna Sorheim, July 2012 (ID:14286)\| Magazines \| The FMD" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/magazines/elle-norway/covers/july-2012/iselin-steiro-14286/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Emily (2012-07-16). "Elle Norway showcase their love for Gucci on July 2012 cover" (https://www.fashionfoiegras.com/2012/07/elle-norway-showcase-their-love-for.html) . Fashion Foie Gras . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Celebrate the Art of Rock & Roll in F/W 2012 Issue of Another Magazine" (http://fashioncow.com/2012/09/celebrate-the-art-of-rock-roll-in-fw-2012-issue-of-another-magazin/) . fashionCOW . 2012-09-21 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Levinson, Lauren (2012-06-26). "Prabal Gurung and Bon Duke Create a Fashion-Skater Video for Nowness" (https://www.elle.com/news/fashion-style/prabal-gurung-bon-duke-fashion-skater-video-nowness) . ELLE . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "June's Best Fashion Videos" (https://www.thecut.com/2012/07/junes-best-fashion-videos.html) . The Cut . 2012-07-02 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Why don't you... watch Prabal Gurung's latest fashion film!" (https://fashionschooldaily.com/why-dont-you-watch-prabal-gurungs-latest-fashion-film/18496/) . Fashion School Daily . 2012-06-27 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Barcelona, EFE / (2014-01-27). "Alessandra Ambrosio, Irina Shayk, Ireland Baldwin y Andrés Velencoso, atracciones del 080" (https://www.elperiodico.com/es/gente/20140127/alessandra-ambrosio-y-andres-velencoso-atracciones-pasarela-080-3047749) . elperiodico (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Norwegian model Erjona Ala presents a creation for Chanel during the..." (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/norwegian-model-erjona-ala-presents-a-creation-for-chanel-news-photo/172126263) Getty Images . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_29-0) "Photo feat. Erjona Ala - Louis Vuitton - Autumn/Winter 2012 Ready-to-Wear - paris - Fashion Show \| Brands \| The FMD" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/brands/louis-vuitton/shows/2012/autumn-winter/251/erjona-ala-3894/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 2020-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Sects and the City" (https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/fashion-sects-craig-mcdean-ss) . W Magazine . October 2011 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Marie Claire France" (https://models.com/work/marie-claire-france-masculin) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Staff, Harper's Bazaar (2013-01-08). "Wild, Fantastic Florals Are Cropping Up For Spring" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-articles/spring-prints-fashion-shoot-0213) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Elite Milano" (http://www.elitemodel.it/) . Elite Milano . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Berlin F/W 12: Munich Models" (https://models.com/oftheminute/?p=38659&page=20) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "New York S/S 15: The Society (Women)" (https://models.com/oftheminute/?p=67706&page=45) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Berlin S/S 12: Model Management Hamburg(Women)" (https://models.com/oftheminute/?p=32564&page=51) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Muse Models S/S 2018 Polaroids/Portraits" (https://models.com/models/erjona-ala) . models.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Erjona Ala \| Stardoll" (https://www.stardoll.com/en/dolls/1835/Erjona_Ala.html) . www.stardoll.com . Retrieved 2021-09-13 . 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This list of Vogue India cover models is a catalog of cover models (/wiki/Cover_model) who have appeared on the cover of Vogue India (/wiki/Vogue_India) , the Indian edition of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine, starting with the magazine's first issue in October 2007. 2000s [ edit ] 2007 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer October Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) Gemma Ward (/wiki/Gemma_Ward) Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Monikangana Dutta (/wiki/Monikangana_Dutta) Preity Zinta (/wiki/Preity_Zinta) Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) November Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Paolo Roversi (/wiki/Paolo_Roversi) December Neha Kapur (/wiki/Neha_Kapur) Tamara Moss (/wiki/Tamara_Moss) Sheetal Mallar (/wiki/Sheetal_Mallar) Krishna Somani Indrani Dasgupta (/wiki/Indrani_Dasgupta) Delfine Bafort (/wiki/Delfine_Bafort) Michelle Innes Tinu Verghese Sapna Kumar Bhawna Sharma Camila Finn (/wiki/Camila_Finn) Lakshmi Rana Carol Gracias (/wiki/Carol_Gracias) Farrokh Chotthia 2008 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Gauri Khan (/wiki/Gauri_Khan) Chris Craymer February Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Atul Kasbekar March Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Suresh Natarajan April Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) Prabuddha Dasgupta May Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) Pascal Chevallier June Preity Zinta (/wiki/Preity_Zinta) Farrokh Chothia July Asin (/wiki/Asin) Atul Kasbekar August Shweta Salve (/wiki/Shweta_Salve) Shilpa Agnihotri (/wiki/Shilpa_Sakhlani) Sanjeeda Sheikh (/wiki/Sanjeeda_Sheikh) Farrokh Chothia September Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) October Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) Farrokh Chothia November Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) Karen Collins December Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Jason Bell 2009 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Tabu (/wiki/Tabu_(actress)) Prasad Naik February Jennifer Aniston (/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston) Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) March Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) Regan Cameron (/wiki/Regan_Cameron) April Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) May Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(model)) Jean François Campos (/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Campos) June Shilpa Shetty (/wiki/Shilpa_Shetty) July Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Bharat Sikka August Feroze Gujral (/wiki/Feroze_Gujral) Ujjwala Raut (/wiki/Ujjwala_Raut) Jyothsna Chakravarthy Shobhaa De (/wiki/Shobhaa_De) Farrokh Chothia September Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) October Kajol (/wiki/Kajol) & Shah Rukh Khan (/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan) Atul Kasbekar November Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Prasad Naik December Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Prasad Naik 2010s [ edit ] 2010 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Suresh Natarajan February Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) March Lara Dutta (/wiki/Lara_Dutta) Marcin Tyszka April Gia Johnson (/wiki/Gia_Johnson) Nethra Raghuraman (/wiki/Nethra_Raghuraman) Tinu Verghis Ashika Pratt (/wiki/Ashika_Pratt) Esha Gupta (/wiki/Esha_Gupta) Prabuddha Dasgupta May Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Atul Kasbekar June Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) Prasad Naik July Abhishek Bachchan (/wiki/Abhishek_Bachchan) & Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) Marcin Tyszka August Cameron Diaz (/wiki/Cameron_Diaz) Regan Cameron (/wiki/Regan_Cameron) September Bipasha Basu (/wiki/Bipasha_Basu) Suresh Natarajan October Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Mark Seliger (/wiki/Mark_Seliger) November Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Prasad Naik December Genelia D'Souza (/wiki/Genelia_D%27Souza) Slava Filippov 2011 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Padma Lakshmi (/wiki/Padma_Lakshmi) Prabuddha Dasgupta February Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) Marcin Tyszka March Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Prasad Naik April Ashika Pratt (/wiki/Ashika_Pratt) Tejal Patni May Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Marc Hom June Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) July Sonakshi Sinha (/wiki/Sonakshi_Sinha) Suresh Natarajan August Madhuri Dixit (/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit) Prasad Naik September Nargis Fakhri (/wiki/Nargis_Fakhri) Fabio Chizzola October Isabeli Fontana (/wiki/Isabeli_Fontana) Ranbir Kapoor (/wiki/Ranbir_Kapoor) Marc Hom November Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Bruno Dayan December Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Bruno Dayan 2012 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Mehr Jesia (/wiki/Mehr_Jesia) Prabuddha Dasgupta February Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Bharat Sikka March Ashika Pratt (/wiki/Ashika_Pratt) Alyssah Ali Jessica Clark (/wiki/Jessica_Clark_(actress)) Marcin Tyszka April Gauri (/wiki/Gauri_Khan) & Sussanne Khan (/wiki/Sussanne_Khan) Tarun Vishwa May Chitrangada Singh (/wiki/Chitrangada_Singh) Luis Monteiro June Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) James Meakin July Diana Penty (/wiki/Diana_Penty) Luis Monteiro August Kajol (/wiki/Kajol) Mark Pillai September Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Luis Monteiro October Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Suresh Natarajan November Shweta Nanda R Burman December Kalki Koechlin (/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin) Tarun Vishwa 2013 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Vidya Balan (/wiki/Vidya_Balan) Prasad Naik February Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Abhay Singh March Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Tarun Vishwa April Esha Gupta (/wiki/Esha_Gupta) Nat Prakobsantisuk May Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) June Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Marcin Tyszka July Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Suresh Natarajan August Sridevi (/wiki/Sridevi) Suresh Natarajan September Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Prasad Naik October Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) Bharat Sikka November Ayushmann Khurrana (/wiki/Ayushmann_Khurrana) Parineeti Chopra (/wiki/Parineeti_Chopra) Sushant Singh Rajput (/wiki/Sushant_Singh_Rajput) Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Arjun Kapoor (/wiki/Arjun_Kapoor) Suresh Natarajan December Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Signe Vilstrup 2014 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) Signe Vilstrup February Parineeti Chopra (/wiki/Parineeti_Chopra) R Burman March Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Dirk Bader April Shraddha Kapoor (/wiki/Shraddha_Kapoor) Tejal Patni May Ashika Pratt (/wiki/Ashika_Pratt) Mazen Abusrour June Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Prasad Naik July Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Mazen Abusrour August Twinkle Khanna (/wiki/Twinkle_Khanna) Errikos Andreou September Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Signe Vilstrup October Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) Aamir Khan (/wiki/Aamir_Khan) Ranbir Kapoor (/wiki/Ranbir_Kapoor) Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Barkha Dutt (/wiki/Barkha_Dutt) Yuvraj Singh (/wiki/Yuvraj_Singh) Sudha Murthy (/wiki/Sudha_Murthy) Ranveer Singh (/wiki/Ranveer_Singh) Tanya Dubash (/wiki/Tanya_Dubash) A. 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Rahman (/wiki/A._R._Rahman) Farrokh Chothia November Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) Tarun Vishwa December Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Prasad Naik 2015 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Marcin Tyszka February Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) March Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) Marc Hom April Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Kristian Schuller May Sonakshi Sinha (/wiki/Sonakshi_Sinha) Ellen von Unwerth (/wiki/Ellen_von_Unwerth) June Kangana Ranaut (/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut) R Burman July Jacqueline Fernandez (/wiki/Jacqueline_Fernandez) Signe Vilstrup August Rani Mukerji (/wiki/Rani_Mukerji) Signe Vilstrup September Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Signe Vilstrup October Ranveer Singh (/wiki/Ranveer_Singh) & Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Tarun Vishwa November Shanina Shaik (/wiki/Shanina_Shaik) & Shah Rukh Khan (/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan) Mazen Abusrour December Kajol (/wiki/Kajol) Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Karisma Kapoor (/wiki/Karisma_Kapoor) Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Sridevi (/wiki/Sridevi) Tarun Vishwa 2016 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Atul Kasbekar February Bhumika Arora (/wiki/Bhumika_Arora) Ruven Afanador March Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) & Sidharth Malhotra (/wiki/Sidharth_Malhotra) Luis Monteiro April Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Chris Craymer May Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Errikos Andreou June Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Luis Monteiro July Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Richard Ramos August Kaia Gerber (/wiki/Kaia_Gerber) & Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) September Ketholeno Kense Ranbir Kapoor (/wiki/Ranbir_Kapoor) Gizele Oliveira (/wiki/Gizele_Oliveira) Ram Shergill October Pooja Mor (/wiki/Pooja_Mor) Varsha Thapa Peya Jannatul (/wiki/Jannatul_Ferdoush_Peya) Shenelle Rodrigo Raudha Athif (/wiki/Raudha_Athif) Deki Wangmo Bharat Sikka November Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Tarun Vishwa December Vaani Kapoor (/wiki/Vaani_Kapoor) Richard Ramos 2017 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Hrithik Roshan (/wiki/Hrithik_Roshan) & Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) Errikos Andreou February Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Greg Swales March Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Tarun Vishwa April Kriti Sanon (/wiki/Kriti_Sanon) Luis Monteiro May Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) June Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Signe Vilstrup July Arjun Kapoor (/wiki/Arjun_Kapoor) & Athiya Shetty (/wiki/Athiya_Shetty) Thomas Whiteside August Shweta Bachchan (/wiki/Bachchan_family) Jaya Bachchan (/wiki/Jaya_Bachchan) Navya Naveli Nanda (/wiki/Bachchan_family) Tarun Vishwa September Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) An Le October Twinkle Khanna (/wiki/Twinkle_Khanna) Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) Greg Swales Padma Lakshmi (/wiki/Padma_Lakshmi) Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Natalia Vodianova (/wiki/Natalia_Vodianova) Mark Seliger (/wiki/Mark_Seliger) Mithali Raj (/wiki/Mithali_Raj) Shah Rukh Khan (/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan) Nita Ambani (/wiki/Nita_Ambani) Greg Swales November Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Greg Swales December Salman Khan (/wiki/Salman_Khan) & Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Signe Vilstrup 2018 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Errikos Andreou February Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Mazen Abusrour March Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) Greg Swales April Aishwarya Rai (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai) & Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) Greg Swales May Aditi Rao Hydari (/wiki/Aditi_Rao_Hydari) Errikos Andreou June Janhvi Kapoor (/wiki/Janhvi_Kapoor) Prasad Naik July Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) & Anand Ahuja Signe Vilstrup August Suhana Khan (/wiki/Suhana_Khan) Errikos Andreou September Radhika Nair (/wiki/Radhika_Nair_(model)) & Saffron Vadher Greg Swales October Ranveer Singh (/wiki/Ranveer_Singh) & Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) Greg Swales November Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Arianna Huffington (/wiki/Arianna_Huffington) Faye D'Souza (/wiki/Faye_D%27Souza) Hima Das (/wiki/Hima_Das) Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) Maria Grazia Chiuri (/wiki/Maria_Grazia_Chiuri) Radhika Apte (/wiki/Radhika_Apte) Ranbir Kapoor (/wiki/Ranbir_Kapoor) Bikramjit Bose December Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Greg Swales 2019 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) February Isha Ambani (/wiki/Isha_Ambani) Tarun Vishwa March Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Georges Antoni April Sara Ali Khan (/wiki/Sara_Ali_Khan) Tarun Vishwa May Padma Lakshmi (/wiki/Padma_Lakshmi) Kristian Schuller June Diljit Dosanjh (/wiki/Diljit_Dosanjh) Kareena Kapoor Khan (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan) Natasha Poonawalla (/wiki/Natasha_Poonawalla) Karan Johar (/wiki/Karan_Johar) Marcin Tyszka July Aditya Roy Kapur (/wiki/Aditya_Roy_Kapur) Sushmita Pathak Vicky Kaushal (/wiki/Vicky_Kaushal) Pooja Mor (/wiki/Pooja_Mor) Tarun Vishwa August Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Greg Swales September Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Marcin Kempski October Dulquer Salmaan (/wiki/Dulquer_Salmaan) Mahesh Babu (/wiki/Mahesh_Babu) Nayanthara (/wiki/Nayanthara) Nuno Oliveira November Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Sumer Verma Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Ranveer Singh (/wiki/Ranveer_Singh) Tarun Vishwa Dutee Chand (/wiki/Dutee_Chand) Ashish Shah Huda Kattan (/wiki/Huda_Kattan) Mazen Abusrour Katrina Kaif (/wiki/Katrina_Kaif) Lilly Singh (/wiki/Lilly_Singh) Greg Swales December Kiara Advani (/wiki/Kiara_Advani) Tarun Vishwa 2020s [ edit ] 2020 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) Greg Swales February Saina Nehwal (/wiki/Saina_Nehwal) Francesco Scotti March Winnie Harlow (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Billy Kidd April Kareena Kapoor Khan (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan) Tarun Vishwa May Jhumpa Lahiri (/wiki/Jhumpa_Lahiri) Bikramjit Bose [1] (#cite_note-1) June Artwork by Takashi Murakami (/wiki/Takashi_Murakami) NA July Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Billy Kidd (/wiki/Billy_Kidd) [2] (#cite_note-2) August Hailey Bieber (/wiki/Hailey_Bieber) Zoey Grossman [3] (#cite_note-3) September Norah Jones (/wiki/Norah_Jones) Kat Irlin [4] (#cite_note-4) October Amrit Boo George November Gita Gopinath (/wiki/Gita_Gopinath) John Huet [5] (#cite_note-5) December Mindy Kaling (/wiki/Mindy_Kaling) Mike Rosenthal (/wiki/Mike_Rosenthal) [6] (#cite_note-6) 2021 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Anushka Sharma (/wiki/Anushka_Sharma) Rid Burman February Haima Simoes Shruti Venkatesh Bikrajmit Bose March Malavika Mohanan (/wiki/Malavika_Mohanan) Ashish Shah (/wiki/Ashish_Shah) April Ananya Birla (/wiki/Ananya_Birla) Alexi Lubomirski (/wiki/Alexi_Lubomirski) May/June Taapsee Pannu (/wiki/Taapsee_Pannu) Bikrajmit Bose July Sonam Kapoor Ahuja (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Mariano Vivanco (/wiki/Mariano_Vivanco) August Salma Hayek (/wiki/Salma_Hayek) Jackie Nickerson September Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) Sølve Sundsbø (/wiki/S%C3%B8lve_Sundsb%C3%B8) October P. V. Sindhu (/wiki/P._V._Sindhu) Mirabai Chanu (/wiki/Mirabai_Chanu) Lovlina Borgohain (/wiki/Lovlina_Borgohain) Rid Burman November Nidhi Sunil (/wiki/Nidhi_Sunil) Bikrajmit Bose December Natasha Poonawalla (/wiki/Natasha_Poonawalla) Cruz Valdez 2022 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January Zinnia Kumar (/wiki/Zinnia_Kumar) Daniel Jackson [7] (#cite_note-7) February Sobhita Dhulipala (/wiki/Sobhita_Dhulipala) Martin Mae [8] (#cite_note-8) March Lakshmi Menon (/wiki/Lakshmi_Menon_(actress)) Ashish Shah (/wiki/Ashish_Shah) [9] (#cite_note-9) April Lilly Singh (/wiki/Lilly_Singh) Nick Sethi [10] (#cite_note-10) May Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) Vivek Vadoliya [11] (#cite_note-11) June/July Amrit (/wiki/Amrit) Ashish Shah August Anoushka Virk Kiran Varghese Sarju Langpoklakpam Zain Ali Anjaij Lama Glorious Luna Dame Infala Shantanu Dhope Mayuri Pujari Kalpesh Lathigra (/wiki/Kalpesh_Lathigra) [12] (#cite_note-12) September Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) Ben Weller [13] (#cite_note-13) October Ashley Radjarame (/wiki/Ashley_Radjarame) Nick Sethi [14] (#cite_note-14) November Tabu Kareena Kapoor Khan Kriti Sanon (/wiki/Kriti_Sanon) James Tolich December Smriti Mandhana (/wiki/Smriti_Mandhana) Bikramjit Bose [15] (#cite_note-15) 2023 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January/February Avanti Nagrath Nick Sethi [16] (#cite_note-16) March/April Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Campbell Addy (/wiki/Campbell_Addy) [17] (#cite_note-17) May/June Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) Vivek Vadoliya [18] (#cite_note-18) July/August Zeenat Aman (/wiki/Zeenat_Aman) Avani Rai [19] (#cite_note-19) September/October The Archies (/wiki/The_Archies_(film)) Bowen Aricò [20] (#cite_note-20) November/December Deepika Padukone (/wiki/Deepika_Padukone) James Tolich 2024 [ edit ] Issue Cover model Photographer January/February Madhu Sapre (/wiki/Madhu_Sapre) Mehr Jesia (/wiki/Mehr_Jesia) Anugraha Natarajan Nayonikaa Shetty Bikramjit Bose [21] (#cite_note-21) March/April Triptii Dimri (/wiki/Triptii_Dimri) Ashish Shah [22] (#cite_note-22) May/June Simone Ashley (/wiki/Simone_Ashley) Rid Burman [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Jhumpa Lahiri on how words will help us cope, heal and connect through this pandemic" (https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/jhumpa-lahiri-cover-interview-vogue-india-may-2020-digital-issue-family-is-everything) . Vogue India . 2020-05-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Anushka Sharma: "During the first six months of our marriage, we spent 21 days together" (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-goa-cover-interview-july-2020) " (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-goa-cover-interview-july-2020) . Vogue India . 2020-07-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Hailey Bieber: "I've been surrounded by natural and clean beauty my whole life" (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/hailey-bieber-natural-beauty-interview-vogue-india-august-2020-cover-story) " (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/hailey-bieber-natural-beauty-interview-vogue-india-august-2020-cover-story) . Vogue India . 2020-08-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "See all 26 editions of Vogue's September Hope covers as they land" (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/gallery/see-all-26-editions-of-vogues-september-hope-covers-as-they-land) . Vogue India . 2020-09-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Gita Gopinath on the road to economic recovery: "Going forward, the world has to be one that is less unequal" (https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/gita-gopinath-on-the-road-to-economic-recovery-vogue-india-november-2020-cover-story) " (https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/gita-gopinath-on-the-road-to-economic-recovery-vogue-india-november-2020-cover-story) . Vogue India . 2020-11-09 . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Mindy Kaling on why she uses her fame and fortune to break barriers for Indians on the global stage" (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/mindy-kaling-vogue-india-december-2020-cover-star-interview-diversity-representation-motherhood) . Vogue India . 2020-12-02 . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "January Issue 2022" (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/january-issue-2022/) . Vogue India . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "February Issue 2022" (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/february-issue-2022/) . Vogue India . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "March Issue 2022" (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/march-issue-2022/) . Vogue India . Retrieved 2024-03-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) https://www.vogue.in/magazine/april-issue-2022/ (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/april-issue-2022/) ^ (#cite_ref-11) https://www.vogue.in/magazine/may-issue-2022/ (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/may-issue-2022/) ^ (#cite_ref-12) https://www.vogue.in/magazine/august-issue-2022/ (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/august-issue-2022/) ^ (#cite_ref-13) https://www.vogue.in/magazine/september-issue-2022/ (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/september-issue-2022/) ^ (#cite_ref-14) https://www.vogue.in/magazine/october-issue-2022/ (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/october-issue-2022/) ^ (#cite_ref-15) https://www.vogue.in/magazine/december-issue-2022/ (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/december-issue-2022/) ^ (#cite_ref-16) https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/indian-model-avanti-nagrath-is-well-on-her-way-to-becoming-a-prominent-global-runway-face (https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/indian-model-avanti-nagrath-is-well-on-her-way-to-becoming-a-prominent-global-runway-face) ^ (#cite_ref-17) https://www.vogue.in/magazine/march-april-issue-2023/ (https://www.vogue.in/magazine/march-april-issue-2023/) ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Every look Alia Bhatt is wearing on Vogue India's cover—from Dior, Richard Quinn to Chanel" (https://www.vogue.in/content/every-look-alia-bhatt-is-wearing-on-vogue-indias-cover-from-dior-richard-quinn-to-chanel) . Vogue India . 2023-04-28 . Retrieved 2023-09-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Zeenat Aman: "There was far more interest in my face and figure than there ever was in my intellect" (https://www.vogue.in/content/zeenat-aman-there-was-far-more-interest-in-my-face-and-figure-than-there-ever-was-in-my-intellect-july-august-2023-cover-story) " (https://www.vogue.in/content/zeenat-aman-there-was-far-more-interest-in-my-face-and-figure-than-there-ever-was-in-my-intellect-july-august-2023-cover-story) . Vogue India . 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-09-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "The Archies's cast time travels from the '60s to Vogue India's September-October 2023 cover" (https://www.vogue.in/content/the-archies-cast-time-travels-from-the-60s-to-vogue-indias-september-october-2023-cover) . Vogue India . 2023-08-29 . Retrieved 2023-09-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) https://www.vogue.in/content/decades-between-their-times-models-madhu-sapre-and-mehr-jesia-and-fresh-faces-anugraha-natarajan-and-nayonikaa-shetty-explore-the-bond-of-sisterhood (https://www.vogue.in/content/decades-between-their-times-models-madhu-sapre-and-mehr-jesia-and-fresh-faces-anugraha-natarajan-and-nayonikaa-shetty-explore-the-bond-of-sisterhood) ^ (#cite_ref-22) https://www.vogue.in/content/triptii-dimri-i-know-within-the-first-15-minutes-of-reading-a-script-if-i-want-to-do-something (https://www.vogue.in/content/triptii-dimri-i-know-within-the-first-15-minutes-of-reading-a-script-if-i-want-to-do-something) ^ (#cite_ref-23) https://www.vogue.in/content/simone-ashley-may-june-print-cover-story-representing-indian-women-has-been-such-a-joy (https://www.vogue.in/content/simone-ashley-may-june-print-cover-story-representing-indian-women-has-been-such-a-joy) v t e Lists of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) cover models Arabia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Arabia_cover_models) Australia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Australia_cover_models) Brazil (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Brasil_cover_models) China (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_China_cover_models) Czechoslovakia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_CS_cover_models) France (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_France_cover_models) Germany (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Deutsch_cover_models) Greece (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Greece_cover_models) Hong Kong (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Hong_Kong_cover_models) India Italy (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Italia_cover_models) Japan (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Japan_cover_models) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Korea_cover_models) Mexico (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_M%C3%A9xico_cover_models) Netherlands (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Nederland_cover_models) Philippines (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Philippines_cover_models) Poland (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Polska_cover_models) Russia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Russia_cover_models) Scandinavia (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Scandinavia_cover_models) Singapore (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Singapore_cover_models) Spain (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Espa%C3%B1a_cover_models) Taiwan (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Taiwan_cover_models) Thailand (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Thailand_cover_models) Turkey (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_T%C3%BCrkiye_cover_models) Ukraine (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Ukraine_cover_models) United Kingdom (/wiki/List_of_British_Vogue_cover_models) United States (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_(US)_cover_models) Teen Vogue (/wiki/List_of_Teen_Vogue_cover_models) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.canary‐595f547c58‐44jk8 Cached time: 20240713010216 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.368 seconds Real time usage: 0.470 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1319/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29309/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 309/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 60899/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.172/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4583796/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 363.277 1 -total 42.70% 155.128 1 Template:Reflist 36.61% 132.998 12 Template:Cite_web 24.72% 89.803 1 Template:Short_description 14.32% 52.035 1 Template:Vogue_cover_models 13.42% 48.759 2 Template:Pagetype 13.35% 48.498 1 Template:Navbox 13.23% 48.069 1 Template:Horizontal_TOC 8.68% 31.536 1 Template:Flatlist 7.18% 26.091 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38834365-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713010216 and revision id 1223551011. 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American fashion designer (born 1976) Mandali Mendrilla Mandali Mendrilla at the Croatian Fashion Week - May 2014 Born Maja Mendrila ( 1976-02-01 ) 1 February 1976 (age 48) Rijeka (/wiki/Rijeka) , SR Croatia (/wiki/SR_Croatia) , SFR Yugoslavia (/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia) Nationality American Awards 1995 Fashion Week Croatia, Fashion News: Design Excellence Grand Prix 1996 Fashion Week Croatia, Fashion News: Grand Prix – Golden Line 1997 Fashion Week Croatia, Fashion News: Grand Prix – Golden Line 1998 Fashion Week Croatia, Awakening: Best Young Designer 2000 Sfilata Alta Moda, Istituti Callegari: Migliore Creazione (Best Design) Website mendrilla.com (http://mendrilla.com/) Mandali Mendrilla (born Maja Mendrila , on 1 February 1976) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , who mainly works in Europe, the US, and India. [1] (#cite_note-1) She is also known for having translated the Hindu epics (/wiki/Hindu_epics) from Sanskrit (/wiki/Sanskrit) into Croatian (/wiki/Croatian_language) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Mandali Mendrilla, born Maja Mendrila, grew up on the Croatian coast (/wiki/Adriatic_Croatia) . [3] (#cite_note-3) After high school Mendrilla was tutored in fine arts by Croatian sculptor Tatjana Kostanjević and started her fashion career in 1995. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] In 1995, Mendrilla's collection was selected as the theme collection of the Croatian Fashion Week and was awarded the Design Excellence Grand Prix. She also made the first ever translation of the Ramayana (/wiki/Ramayana) , in Croatian (/wiki/Croatian_language) , [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) and several other books, [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) like the Mahabharata (/wiki/Mahabharata) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) From 1995 to 2006, Mendrilla designed several haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) Croatian Fashion Week award-winning collections. In 1996, Mandali Mendrilla decided to complete her studies at the Rijeka Faculty of Philosophy (/wiki/University_of_Rijeka) , where she obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Croatian language and literature. In that period, she studied Bhakti Yoga (/wiki/Bhakti_Yoga) and traditional arts of India under tutelage of Kenneth R. Valpey. The studies inspired several art projects, like collaboration with British anthropologist Chantal Boulanger (/wiki/Chantal_Boulanger) on Vrndavana (/wiki/Vrndavana) : The Sari (/wiki/Sari) Experiment . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Mendrilla also finds inspiration in ancient cultures, especially from India (/wiki/India) . [14] (#cite_note-14) In the United States, Mendrilla's late husband and artist Elisha 'Nitai' Drury's Krishna Kitchen , ended up becoming an integral part of some of the biggest and most exciting alternative festivals of the new millennium; including Burning Man (/wiki/Burning_Man) , Wanderlust (/wiki/Wanderlust_Festival) and Bhaktifest (/wiki/Bhaktifest) . [15] (#cite_note-15) Mendrilla dedicated an entire collection to commemorate his legacy. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2014 she was featured on the Croatian Fashion Week in Zagreb. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) She closed the year with an appearance in the Yoga journal. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2015 Mandali's luxury label was featured by the British VOGUE magazine, Harper's Bazaar and Tatler. [23] (#cite_note-23) Mandali's collection Wish Tree Dress, inspired by the eastern tradition of Wish Trees, was presented at the Croatian Fashion Week in June 2015. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) After the fashion week appearance Mandali was invited to design a special Wish Tree Dress for the collection of the Belgian MOSA Museum. Mandali crafted an interactive art installation called Mandala of Desires (Blue Lotus Wish Tree) made of peace silk and painted with eco friendly textile ink resembling a lotus flower with branches of a tree upon which visitors could hang their desires. The dress was taken to India and offered to a genuine wish tree in 2016. The pattern of the dress was based on the Goloka Yantra mandala (/wiki/Mandala) and the thousand petalled lotus petticoat on the layered glass sculptures of Dutch artist Bert Van Loo (/wiki/Bert_van_Loo) . The dress was exhibited as part of the "Forms of Devotion" exhibition at the China Art Museum (/wiki/China_Art_Museum,_Shanghai) in Shanghai as well as the Museo de arte Contemporaneo at Conde Duque in Madrid, Spain. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Article about Mandali Mendrilla citing her work as a designer in the United States, India, Croatia and Italy (http://dalje.com/en-lifestyle/mendrilla-dedicates-collection-to-statesman-zed/220270) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Reference citing Mendrilla as the first Croatian translator of the epic Ramayana (http://www.ovguide.com/maja-mendrila-9202a8c04000641f800000001c52ec84) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Article about Mandali Mendrilla citing her youth in Rijeka, Croatia (http://dalje.com/en-lifestyle/mendrilla-dedicates-collection-to-statesman-zed/220270) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Article citing Mendrilla having received private tutoring from Croatian sculptor Tatjana Kostanjevic (http://www.ovguide.com/mandali-mendrilla-9202a8c04000641f8000000012e5fda4) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Reference citing Mendrilla as the first Croatian translator of the epic Ramayana (http://my.wn.com/search/traditions?p=16400&t=details) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Newspaper article of the presentation of the first translation in Croatian of the Indian epic Ramayana, May 11th, 2005 (http://udrugalotos.hr/iz_medija/Promocija_Ramajane_Novi_List.pdf) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Entry of the Ramayana in the Library of the Faculty of Philosophy from the University of Zagreb (http://koha.ffzg.hr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=120034) ^ (#cite_ref-8) Entry of The Journey Home: Autobiography of an American Swami (http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000813061) , by Radhanath Swami (/wiki/Radhanath_Swami) in the National and University Library of Zagreb ^ (#cite_ref-9) Entry of Leadership for and Age of Higher Consciousness by Bhakti Tirtha Swami in the City and University Library in Osijek (http://baza.gskos.hr/cgi-bin/unilib.cgi?form=B1131008009) ^ (#cite_ref-10) Croatian newspaper article on the presentation of the translation into Croatian of the Indian epic Mahabharata (https://novine.novilist.hr/default.asp?WCI=Pretrazivac&WCU=2859285D286328592863285A285828592858286328632863285A2858285C2861285B285D28632863286328582863A) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Catalog entry of the Mahabharata in the Library of the Faculty of Philosophy from the University of Zagreb (http://koha.ffzg.hr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=120034) ^ (#cite_ref-12) ISKCON News article describing "Vrndavana: The Sari Experiment" (http://iskconnews.org/devotee-fashion-designer-dedicates-new-collection-to-late-husband-nitai,3297/) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Article from Atma, mentioning (http://atma.hr/mandali-mendrilla-moda-za-ekoloski-osvijestene-koji-zele-kvalitetu-i-umjetnicki-dizajn/) Vrndavana: The Sari Experiment ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Famed Croatian-American fashion-designer exploring ancient Hindu civilizations for her next line" (http://www.filmyfriday.com/bollywood-news/famed-croatian-american-fashion-designer-exploring-ancient-hindu-civilizations-for-her-next-line) . Retrieved 16 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "BURNcast.TV: RIP Nitai Das - Founder of Krishna Camp at Burning Man" (http://burncast.blogspot.nl/2012/12/rip-nitai-das-found-of-krishna-camp-at.html) . 27 December 2012 . Retrieved 16 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Article from Merriness on Mandali Mendrilla dedicating her collection "Slave2Love" to late husband (http://www.merinews.com/article/designer-mandali-mendrilla-dedicates-new-collection-to-late-husband/15869345.shtml) ^ (#cite_ref-17) Article from Hubville on Mandali Mendrilla dedicating her collection "Slave2Love" to late husband (http://www.hubvilla.com/press_release/heading/144/haute_couture_designer_mandali_mendrilla_dedicates_new_collection_slave2love_to_late_husband.shtml) ^ (#cite_ref-18) Article in the Croatian Cosmopolitan announcing Mandali Mendrilla's participation in the Croatian Fashion Week 2014 (http://www.cosmopolitan.hr/clanci/moda/ususret-dreft-fashion-weeku) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Article in Gloria announcing Mandali Mendrilla's participation in the Croatian Fashion Week 2014 (http://www.gloria.hr/dreft-fashion-week-od-klasicnih-do-ludih-kombinacija/) ^ (#cite_ref-20) Zagreb Fashion Week's photo gallery from Mandali Mendrilla's collections at the Croatian Fashion Week 2014 (http://www.fashionweekzagreb.com/galerije/mandali-mendrilla-new-york/600/Fashion) ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Mandali Mendrilla New York Fashion Week Zagreb 14/15" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLTj61yKBbM#t=11) . YouTube . Retrieved 16 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) 2014 Top Yoga Moments - Yoga Journal (http://www.yogajournal.com/slideshow/12-yoga-poses-spark-creativity/#slide-8) ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Press \| Mandali Mendrilla" (http://mendrilla.com/press/) . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "MANDALI MENDRILLA WISH TREE DRESS COLLECTION Fashion Week Zagreb June 2015 on Vimeo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151208125743/https://vimeo.com/131149606) . Archived from the original (https://vimeo.com/131149606) on 2015-12-08 . Retrieved 2015-12-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Drugu večer Fashion Weeka – Wish" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151208120806/http://www.wish.hr/2015/06/drugu-vecer-fashion-weeka/) . Archived from the original (http://www.wish.hr/2015/06/drugu-vecer-fashion-weeka/) on 2015-12-08 . Retrieved 2015-12-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Hrvatska dizajnerica Mandali Mendrila u najvećem azijskom muzeju!" (http://wall.hr/fashion/dizajnerica-hrvatskog-podrijetla-mandali-mendrilla-u-najvecem-azijskom-muzeju/) . 30 October 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-27) "China Art Museum in Shanghai \| Forms of Devotion" (http://formsofdevotion.org/china-art-museum-in-shanghai/) . 14 November 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-28) http://formsofdevotion.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/FOD_CATALOGUE_low_res.pdf (http://formsofdevotion.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/FOD_CATALOGUE_low_res.pdf) [ bare URL PDF ] ^ (#cite_ref-29) Forms of Devotion with Mandala of Desires at Conde Duque, Madrid . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/IDFGh4M_Yfc) from the original on 2021-12-09. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Photos: Conde Duque, Madrid, Spain, Oct 15th 2016 \| Forms of Devotion" (http://formsofdevotion.org/conde-duque-madrid-spain-oct-15th-2016/) . 15 October 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-31) "El arte sagrado de la India actual" (https://vadearteblog.wordpress.com/2016/10/28/el-arte-sagrado-de-la-india-actual/) . 28 October 2016. Gallery [ edit ] Mandali Mendrilla's interactive sculpture dress "Mandala of Desires" at the China Art Museum (/wiki/China_Art_Museum,_Shanghai) in Shanghai, November 2015. 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Fashion designer (sportswear) Jane Régny was the pseudonym of the French fashion designer Madame Balouzet Tillard de Tigny. She and her husband launched the Jane Régny fashion house, which was active during the 1920s and 1930s and notably specialised in fashionable sports clothing (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Before launching her fashion business, Régny had been a renowned tennis player, who, like Suzanne Lenglen (/wiki/Suzanne_Lenglen) , entered the world of fashion design. [2] (#cite_note-stewart-2) While other Paris designers such as Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) (whose sportswear department was directed by Lenglen) and Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) offered sporty attire as part of their collections, Régny was unusual in that sportswear was her primary focus. [2] (#cite_note-stewart-2) [3] (#cite_note-arnoldorigin-3) Along with Amy Linker (/w/index.php?title=Amy_Linker_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) and Jenny (/wiki/Jenny_Sacerdote) , Régny was one of the few French couturiers whose reputation was based on her sporty clothing, rather than other modes. [2] (#cite_note-stewart-2) She worked out of her own salon at 11, Rue La Boétie (/wiki/Rue_La_Bo%C3%A9tie) . [4] (#cite_note-picken-4) As an experienced sportswoman and keen golfer, Régny was able to design garments that would meet the requirements of her clientele. [4] (#cite_note-picken-4) [5] (#cite_note-chic-5) She was assisted by her husband, who helped her develop a signature textile print for Alcot Fabrics in 1928. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Staff writer (August 1932). "The Dressmakers of France" (http://www.gbacg.org/costume-resources/original/articles/dressmakers.pdf) (PDF) . Fortune . Time, Inc . Retrieved 19 November 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Stewart, Mary Lynn (2008). Dressing modern Frenchwomen : marketing haute couture, 1919-1939 . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 17, 209–10. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780801888038 . ^ (#cite_ref-arnoldorigin_3-0) Arnold, Rebecca (2008). "New York and the Evolution of Sportswear 1929-39: Sportswear". The American look : fashion, sportswear and the image of women in 1930s and 1940s New York . London: I. B. Tauris. pp. 23–29. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781860647635 . ^ Jump up to: a b Picken, Mary Brooks; Miller, Dora Loues (1956). Dressmakers of France: The Who, How, and why of the French Couture . Harper. p. 77. ^ (#cite_ref-chic_5-0) Steele, Valerie (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) (1993). "Chanel in Context" (https://books.google.com/books?id=tHJn3Hpsjo8C&pg=PA120) . In Ash, Juliet; Wilson, Elizabeth (eds.). Chic thrills : a fashion reader . Berkeley u.a.: Univ. of California Press. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520083394 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Stewart, Mary Lynn (2008). Dressing modern Frenchwomen : marketing haute couture, 1919-1939 . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 71. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780801888038 . This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Traditional Chinese large gown Daxiushan The clothing that the figure wears, depicts Tang dynasty Daxiushan (大袖衫), taken in Xi'an Shaanxi History Museum. Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 大袖衫 Literal meaning "large sleeved robe" or "large sleeved gown" or "large sleeved shirt" or "broad sleeved robe" or "broad sleeved garment" Transcriptions Daxiushan ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 大袖衫 ; lit. 'large-sleeved gown' [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 94 ), also referred as dianchailiyi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 钿钗礼衣 ), [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) dashan ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 大衫 ; lit. 'Large shirt'), daxiu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 大袖 ; lit. 'Big sleeves'), [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) is a form of shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , a traditional Chinese upper garment, with broad sleeves in Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) . It was most popular during the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) , particularly among the members of royalty. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) The daxiushan was mainly worn for special ceremonial occasions and had different variations, mainly the result of different collar formations (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) (e.g., parallel or cross collar or those with no collar). [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 115–118 The daxiushan could be worn under a skirt or as an outerwear. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 115–118 After the Tang dynasty, it continued to be worn in the Song (/wiki/Song_dynasty) and Ming (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) dynasties. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 115 [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Terminology [ edit ] It has come to be known as daxiushan but has also been called dianchailiyi at various times. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) It was also referred as dashan and daxiu in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) History [ edit ] Tang dynasty and Five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms [ edit ] See also: Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) After the golden age of the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) ended, the influence of Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) , the clothing styles from Central (/wiki/Central_Asia) and Western Asia (/wiki/Western_Asia) , gradually weakened and the clothing styles of the royal women of the Tang dynasty began to make their transformation becoming more and more broader and looser. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [7] (#cite_note-7) [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 94 It was not until the mid-late Tang dynasty period ( 中晚唐时期 ) that the distinctions between royal women's clothing and other styles became increasingly obvious. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The width of sleeves worn by common women often exceeded 4 feet in the mid-late Tang dynasty. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 94 Some of daxiushan of this period was depicted in paintings as being made of transparent gauze, such as depicted in the painting Beauties with Flowery hairpins . [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 94 Paintings of women wearing Daxiushan during the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) Paintings of women wearing Daxiushan during the Tang dynasty A late Tang dynasty Buddhist donatress. Buddhist donatress Chang, Mo-kao Caves, Five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Red daxiushan, Late Tang or Five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Unearthed artifact of a daxiushan dating to the Southern Song dynasty. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 115 Song dynasty [ edit ] The daxiushan was originally worn by empresses and imperials concubines as their ordinary clothing. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 115 However, it was later adopted by the aristocratic women who used it as part of their ceremonial attire. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 115 Commoners were not allowed to wear the daxiushan and had to wear the beizi (/wiki/Beizi) instead. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 115 Buddhist donors, Guiyi era (/wiki/Guiyi_Circuit#Kingdom_of_Guiyi) , 983 AD Yellow dashan and xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) worn by Empress Du. Ming dynasty [ edit ] Empress Xiaoduan wearing a yellow dashan with a xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) over her shoulders, Ming dynasty. In the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the daxiushan was known as dashan ( 大衫 ). A yellow coloured dashan was worn by the Ming dynasty huanghou ( 皇后 ; 'empress'), while a red dashan was worn by the women of the imperial clan, which could include the huangfei ( 皇妃 ), huangtaizifei ( 皇太子妃 ), qingwangfei ( 亲王妃 ), junwangfei ( 郡王妃 ). [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) The red dashan was also worn by the Mingfu (/wiki/Mingfu) , [8] (#cite_note-:5-8) titled court women of first rank. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) The Ming dynasty also bestowed dashan to the queens of Joseon, where it became known as daesam ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 대삼 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 大衫 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : daesam ). [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Construction and Design [ edit ] Tang dynasty daxiushan [ edit ] The width of the coat increased to more than four feet and its sleeves were often wider than 1.3 metres. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [9] (#cite_note-9) [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) : 94 It features a distinctive gown that covers the body from the ground to just above the chest with a knot wrapped around the waist, a light and sometimes sheer outer coat that ties together at the bottom, near the knees, and often goes along with a long scarf (/wiki/Scarf) draped around the arms. The clothing often only covers half of women's breast and so it is restricted to women of a certain status, such as princesses or gējī (/wiki/Sing-song_girls#Historical_use_of_the_term) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Derivative and influences [ edit ] Korea [ edit ] During the Joseon period, the daesam ( Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 대삼 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 大衫 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : daesam ) was a red, non-decorated robe with wide sleeves worn by the queens in early Joseon from the reign of King Munjong to the reign of King Seonjo for important state ceremonies; the daesam was among the clothing items and accessories (including dansam, overcoats, skirts, jeogwan, hair accessories with floral decorations, hapi (/wiki/Xiapei) , a jade scepter) bestowed by the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) during the reign of King Munjong until 1603 under the reign of King Seonjo. According to Hong Nayong, the daesam is believed to be in the form of the Ming dynasty's daxiushan, which was worn by the titled court women of first rank. The Ming dynasty bestowed official clothing to the Joseon's queens but not the wife of the Crown prince, as such the clothing sent by the Ming dynasty to the Joseon queens in early Joseon became the prototypes for the robes of crown princess of Joseon. After the fall of the Ming dynasty, daesam continued to be worn in Joseon by the queens and crown princesses for special occasions, such as the weddings, and ceremonial occasions. Since the reign of King Yeonjo, the jeogui became the Joseon's queen royal ceremonial clothing instead and the daesam appears to have ceased being worn. However, the basic style of jeogui worn during the latter Joseon period during wedding appears to have been influenced by the daesam of the early Joseon period. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Similar garments [ edit ] Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Han_Chinese_clothing) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Han_Chinese_clothing) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l 5000 years of Chinese costumes . Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. pp. 94–95, 115–118. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "唐·服饰" 慢束罗裙半露胸 “钿钗礼衣”大袖衫——唐代女子服 (http://wenhua.eco.gov.cn/3/7/3/20090525/29987.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110707032506/http://wenhua.eco.gov.cn/3/7/3/20090525/29987.html) 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) wenhua.eco.gov.cn retrieved 2010-01-07 ^ Jump up to: a b "What is Hezi Qun - Origins and Types - 2021" (https://www.newhanfu.com/15362.html) . www.newhanfu.com . Retrieved 2021-12-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b 唐代大袖衫 (http://www.yonglian.gov.cn/articleContent.asp?id=3113) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110707043115/http://www.yonglian.gov.cn/articleContent.asp?id=3113) 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) yonglian.gov.cn retrieved 2010-01-07 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Sullivan, Lawrence R. (2021). Historical dictionary of Chinese culture . Nancy Liu-Sullivan. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 173. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5381-4604-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1233321993 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1233321993) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hong, Nayoung. "Daesam(大衫)" (https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/6942) . Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211222230838/https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/6942) from the original on 2021-12-22. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Woman's costume in the Tang Dynasty" (https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2011-03/10/content_12150999_2.htm) . www.chinadaily.com.cn . Retrieved 2021-04-09 . ^ Jump up to: a b 撷芳主人. (2011). Q版大明衣冠图志 . Bei jing you dian ta xue chu ban she. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-7-5635-2501-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 862898139 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/862898139) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Zang, Yingchun; 臧迎春. (2003). Zhongguo chuan tong fu shi . 李竹润., 王德华., 顾映晨. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 7-5085-0279-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55895164 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55895164) . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square 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Weaving tradition in South Cotabato, Philippines Various types of tnalak cloth Tnalak (also spelled tenalak ), is a weaving (/wiki/Weaving) tradition of the Tboli (/wiki/T%27boli) people of South Cotabato (/wiki/South_Cotabato) , Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) . [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) T'nalak cloth is woven exclusively by women who have received the designs for the weave in their dreams, which they believe are a gift from Fu Dalu, the T'boli Goddess of abacá (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1) . [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) The rest of the community, including the men, are able to participate in the production of T'nalak by carefully selecting, stripping, and sun-drying the abacá fibers to be used. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) [2] (#cite_note-DelMundo20210507-2) Once the fibers have been prepared, they are dyed using the dye-resist technique called "ikat", based on the pattern dreamt by the weaver; the woman gifted by Fu Dalu with the design then weaves the cloth using a backstrap loom. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) [2] (#cite_note-DelMundo20210507-2) The fact that the designs are derived from the dreams of the weavers means that traditional t'nalak patterns cannot be mass-produced. [3] (#cite_note-TnalakcannotbemassproducedRappler-3) Because the patterns are based on dreams, the weavers of t'nalak are popularly referred to as dreamweavers. [4] (#cite_note-4) Production and history [ edit ] T'boli (/wiki/T%27boli_people) weavers in Lake Sebu (/wiki/Lake_Sebu) , South Cotabato (/wiki/South_Cotabato) T'nalak weaving is part of the intangible cultural heritage (/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage) of the Tboli people (/wiki/Tboli_people) , [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) an indigenous people group in the Philippines whose ancestral domain (/wiki/Ancestral_domain) is in the province of South Cotabato (/wiki/South_Cotabato) , on the island of Mindanao (/wiki/Mindanao) in the Philippines. [5] (#cite_note-TboliAncestralDomainInquirer-5) The production of the cloth is particularly associated with the shores of Lake Sebu (/wiki/Lake_Sebu) , which is in the municipality (/wiki/Philippine_municipality) of the same name as the lake (/wiki/Lake_Sebu,_South_Cotabato) . Dreamt designs from Fu Dalu [ edit ] The weaving of traditional T'nalak cloth begins when a T'boli woman has a kena (dream) [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) in which they encounter Fu Dalu, the T'boli Goddess of abacá (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1) [2] (#cite_note-DelMundo20210507-2) and guardian of the T'nalak. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) During these dreams, Fu Dalu shows the woman the designs that would eventually be woven into the cloth. The dyeing and weaving processes are approached with extra care because the T'boli believe that Fu Dalo comes to inhabit each individual yarn. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) Selection, stripping [ edit ] The broader community, including the T'boli men, participate in the production of cloth during the abaca fiber selection and stripping process. [2] (#cite_note-DelMundo20210507-2) The fibers are taken from the stalk of the abacá (Musa textilis), [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) a banana plant species native to the Philippines. To do so, they fix a cowrie shell to one end of an abacá stem pole and link the other end to the roof as a hinge, pushing on the pole to apply pressure on the fibre with the shell. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) The fibers, which are very thin, are carefully stripped from the stalk with the use of a mounted blade, and then sun-dried. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) [2] (#cite_note-DelMundo20210507-2) Ikat dyeing [ edit ] Finished item The fibers are then sun-dried, and then dyed using the indigenous dye-resist technique called "ikat." Sections of the abaca thread are coated by the weaver with a wax-resistant substance so that they will resist the dye. The process is repeated several times in order to suit the requirements of the design. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) T'nalak contains three colours: white symbolises purity, red represents blood and black signifies the soil. In addition to white abacá, the red dye comes from the brownish-red roots of the loko tree, while the black is obtained by boiling the green leaves of the knalum tree for seven days, which turn them dark as ink. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Weaving process [ edit ] The weaver then implements the design on a backstrap loom, a process that can take up to two months, depending on the design revealed in the dream. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) [2] (#cite_note-DelMundo20210507-2) Offerings, such as woven blouses and jewelry, are traditionally left in the weaving area as tribute to Fu Dalo. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) During the extensive weaving process, female weavers and their husbands are banned from having sex as a show of respect to Fu Dalu. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) Description [ edit ] This traditional cloth is hand-woven from carefully selected, stripped, and sun-dried abaca (/wiki/Abaca) fibers. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) The colorant of the materials are natural dyes produced by boiling the bark, roots and leaves of plants. [ citation needed ] Unlike many of the colorful cloth patterns in Mindanao, T'nalak is distinctive in using only three different colors - black, white, and red. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) Black serves as the background color, and is the dominant color of the cloth, while white is used to create different motifs. Red is typically used to accentuate the patterns. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) Common motifs include the human, the crab, the shield, the lizard, and the traditional frog. [1] (#cite_note-MaraFabella20200601-1) Dreamweaving [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/T%27nalak) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( February 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) It is a heritage and believed that the intricate and creative patterns of the Tinalak was seen on their dreams and made it on to work. They can't create a design of the Tinalak if they haven't dreamed of it. They are sometimes called the " Dream Weavers ". Role in T'boli life [ edit ] This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/T%27nalak) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( February 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The T'nalak fabric holds a special and prominent place in T'boli culture. It is ever present in significant turning points in a Tboli life, such as birth, marriage, and death. It is the medium which sanctifies these rites, enveloping them in the length of its fabric like a benediction. It has also often been referred to as "woven dreams". It is exactly that, and more. In a culture which didn't have a form of writing, the T'nalak served as both Literature and Art. The T'bolis expressed everything they are in the T'nalak: their dreams, beliefs, myths and even their religion. Making use of the various geometrical patterns and the trademark red, black and white colors, the T'bolis weave the natural and the supernatural in the abaca strands of the T'nalak. Furthermore, the weaving process integrates the personal, the social and the cultural. After a weaver reaches a certain degree of expertise, she becomes a "master weaver" – someone who can interpret and take inspiration from dreams, hence the term "dreamweavers". By all accounts, this seems to be an intense personal experience for the weaver, and the moment she succeeds in doing this is the moment she becomes an artist. And then it is also social because the T'nalak binds together all that the T'boli people believe in. The skill of the weaver gathers in the T'nalak all the elements that make the T'boli social life. Finally, it is cultural in that it is the means through which other tribes identify the T'bolis since the T'nalak is uniquely and distinctly T'boli. T'nalak are also their prized possession at marriage, even the covering for childbirth for ensuring safe delivery and for trading. Whenever they sell their work, they put a brass ring around it as for the spirits to allow them or to please. It is believed that cutting the cloth would deliver sickness. Recognition [ edit ] The t'nalak weaving tradition is acknowledged as part of the intangible cultural heritage of the T'boli and of the Philippines. [7] (#cite_note-BritishCouncilPDF-7) In recognition of the significance of t'nalak to Philippine culture and heritage, a t'nalak design pattern is shown on the reverse side of the one thousand-peso note (/wiki/Philippine_one_thousand-peso_note) of the New Generation Currency Series (/wiki/New_Generation_Currency_Series) of Philippine peso (/wiki/Philippine_peso) banknotes (/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Philippine_peso) . [8] (#cite_note-2020CurrencyUpdate-8) The Philippine province of South Cotabato, in which the Tboli have their ancestral domains, celebrates the T'nalak festival annually. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to T'nalak (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:T%27nalak) . Abacá (/wiki/Abac%C3%A1) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Inabel (/wiki/Inabel) Lang Dulay (/wiki/Lang_Dulay) Malong (/wiki/Malong) Piña (/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a) Tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Philippine_clothing)) Yakan people (/wiki/Yakan_people) External links [ edit ] T'nalak Dream Weaving (http://www.tboli.globalmatters.com) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Fabella, Mara (June 1, 2020). "The T'nalak of the Tboli" (https://narrastudio.com/blogs/journal/the-tnalak-of-the-tboli) . Narra Studio . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200920085421/https://narrastudio.com/blogs/journal/the-tnalak-of-the-tboli) from the original on September 20, 2020 . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f del Mundo, Ida Anita. "How the T'boli Women Weave their Dreams" (https://fameplus.com/touchpoint/how-the-tboli-women-weave-their-dreams) . FAME+ . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210507010936/https://fameplus.com/touchpoint/how-the-tboli-women-weave-their-dreams) from the original on May 7, 2021 . Retrieved February 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-TnalakcannotbemassproducedRappler_3-0) Oliveros, Daphne (February 11, 2012). "Dreamweavers" (https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/1455-dreamweavers/) . RAPPLER . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120217121647/http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/1455-dreamweavers) from the original on February 17, 2012 . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The dreamweaver of Lake Sebu" (http://www.ilo.org/global/meetings-and-events/regional-meetings/asia/aprm-15/media-centre/WCMS_169408/lang--en/index.htm) . International Labour Organization Website . December 2, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130605144451/http://www.ilo.org/global/meetings-and-events/regional-meetings/asia/aprm-15/media-centre/WCMS_169408/lang--en/index.htm) from the original on June 5, 2013 . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-TboliAncestralDomainInquirer_5-0) "The T'boli: A story of massive land-grabbing through the centuries" (https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/210932/the-tboli-a-story-of-massive-land-grabbing-through-the-centuries/) . Inquirer Lifestyle . October 25, 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151026102152/http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/210932/the-tboli-a-story-of-massive-land-grabbing-through-the-centuries) from the original on October 26, 2015 . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Zhang, Kan. "The Filipino islanders who weave their dreams" (https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230328-the-filipino-islanders-who-weave-their-dreams) . www.bbc.com . Retrieved March 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-BritishCouncilPDF_7-0) Karina Abola; Reichelle Castro; Lilibeth L. Leh-Arcena; Angelica Misa; Denise Subido (2020). "Crafting Futures: Sustainable Handloom Weaving in the Philippines" (https://www.britishcouncil.ph/sites/default/files/british_council_-_crafting_futures_-_full_report.pdf) (PDF) . The British Council in the Philippines Website . The British Council in the Philippines. ^ (#cite_ref-2020CurrencyUpdate_8-0) Lucas, Daxim L. (July 29, 2020). "BSP upgrades decade-old banknotes with easier to identify, harder to counterfeit designs" (https://business.inquirer.net/303858/bsp-upgrades-decade-old-banknotes-with-easier-to-identify-harder-to-counterfeit-designs) . The Philippine Daily Inquirer (/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200729082711/https://business.inquirer.net/303858/bsp-upgrades-decade-old-banknotes-with-easier-to-identify-harder-to-counterfeit-designs) from the original on July 29, 2020 . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Sarmiento, Bong S. (August 19, 2018). "T'boli cloth wraps the world" (https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1022704/tboli-cloth-wraps-the-world) . INQUIRER.net . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180819113507/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1022704/tboli-cloth-wraps-the-world) from the original on August 19, 2018 . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "T'nalak Festival: A Colorful Celebration" (https://www.caremin.com/2018/09/tnalak-festival-a-colorful-celebration) . International Care Ministries . September 20, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200815101935/https://www.caremin.com/2018/09/tnalak-festival-a-colorful-celebration) from the original on August 15, 2020 . Retrieved February 16, 2022 . 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(Redirected from Singapore Fashion Week (/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Fashion_Week&redirect=no) ) Fashion Festival Not to be confused with Singapore Fashion Festival, which is now known as Asia Fashion Exchange (/wiki/Asia_Fashion_Exchange) . The Audi Fashion Festival Singapore (or Singapore Fashion Week ) is a series of annual fashion trade events held in Singapore since 1988. It was known as Fashion Connection between 1988 and 2000, Singapore Fashion Week between 2001 and 2008, and Audi Fashion Festival Singapore after gaining titular sponsorship from Audi (/wiki/Audi) in 2009. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) The event was again rebranded as Singapore Fashion Week in 2015 despite still being known as the 'Audi Fashion Festival Singapore'. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) The event is not to be confused with the Singapore Fashion Festival, which also ran between 2001 and 2008, but was supported by the Singapore Tourism Board (/wiki/Singapore_Tourism_Board) (STB). The Singapore Fashion Festival eventually became the Asia Fashion Exchange (/wiki/Asia_Fashion_Exchange) (AFX) in 2010, [7] (#cite_note-7) and hosts the Audi Fashion Festival Singapore as part of its flagship event. [8] (#cite_note-8) The last event is expected to be in 2017 as current event chairman Tjin Lee is setting her sights on expanding regionally. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) 2009 - 2014 [ edit ] Audi Fashion Festival (AFF) was a fashion festival that took place in May every year from 2009 to 2014. Incepted in 2009, it replaced the Singapore Fashion Week, and welcomed consumers to conventionally by-invite only shows for media and trade. [10] (#cite_note-10) It was held at Tent@Orchard in the heart of the Orchard Road (/wiki/Orchard_Road) fashion belt from 2009 to 2012, and 2014. In 2013, AFF moved to Marina Promenade (/wiki/Marina_Promenade) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Organized by Mercury Marketing & Communications, AFF was the first privately funded consumer fashion event, [12] (#cite_note-12) with Audi as the titular sponsor. It was a high-profile platform for both international and Asian emerging and established designers. [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) During its run, the festival showcased collections by a host of top international designers and labels such as Prabal Gurung (/wiki/Prabal_Gurung) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) , Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Missoni (/wiki/Missoni) , Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) , Erdem (/wiki/Erdem_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) , DSquared (/wiki/DSquared) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Mugler (/wiki/Mugler) , Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) , Roland Mouret (/wiki/Roland_Mouret) , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) , Tsumori Chisato (/wiki/Tsumori_Chisato) , Peter Pilotto (/w/index.php?title=Peter_Pilotto&action=edit&redlink=1) and Hussein Chalayan (/wiki/Hussein_Chalayan) . [13] (#cite_note-:1-13) On top of international designers, Singaporean designers showcased at AFF. The number of local labels doubled from 2013 to 2014, with four local labels – Hansel, Ong Shunmugam (/wiki/Ong_Shunmugam) , Exhibit, and Saturday – showcasing at Audi Fashion Festival 2014. [14] (#cite_note-14) 2009 Audi Fashion Festival [ edit ] The 2009 fashion festival took place at the TENT@ORCHARD from 6 May to 10 May 2009. Singapore's fashion elite gathered for the nation's biggest scale fashion event at the newly minted Audi Fashion Festival – marking the first ever privately owned fashion festival. Organized by Mercury Marketing and Communications, the festival welcomed fashion's biggest and hottest names including Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) , Gareth Pugh (/wiki/Gareth_Pugh) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Jacquetta Wheeler (/wiki/Jacquetta_Wheeler) , Ashley Isham (/wiki/Ashley_Isham) , RAOUL, Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_by_Marc_Jacobs) , Mango, and Singapore's creative crop from BlackMarket, Nicholas by Nic Wong and Hansel by Jo Soh. ‘Driving Innovation and Inspiration' was the theme for the inaugural Audi Fashion Festival 2009 and the festival certainly lived up to that note with a spectacular string of shows that inspired, dazzled and rocked the region. There were many firsts; first haute couture collection to be showcased on such a grand scale on Orchard Road (/wiki/Orchard_Road) , Gareth Pugh first catwalk presentation of his Fall 2009 women's and men's collection, and Ashley Isham's debut of ethereal yet elegant bridal gowns. The five show-filled days of Audi Fashion Festival drew a strong 7000 guests, with a sell-out six ticketed shows. Audi Fashion Festival 2009 wrapped up as the most glamorous and dazzling event of the fashion and social calendar with Vivienne Westwood's Anglomania Autumn/Winter 09-10 collection. Dame Vivienne Westwood was also awarded Audi Lifetime Achievement Award, with Commercial Director Giuseppe Aragoni in town to accept on her behalf. 2015 - present [ edit ] In 2015, the event was rebranded as Singapore Fashion Week (SGFW) although it is still referred to as the Audi Fashion Festival Singapore. The event is organized by Mercury Marketing & Communications. An excerpt of the website states "casting a spotlight on Asian talent, SGFW is a showcase of world-class collections by top and emerging designers and labels and is the only fashion week in the world that feature established and emerging regional and homegrown designers and labels alongside the world’s most iconic international designers." [15] (#cite_note-auto-15) Singapore Fashion Week 2015 [ edit ] The fashion event claimed the iconic name Singapore Fashion Week and returned with a revamped format. Building on eight successful editions as a consumer-centric fashion festival, SGFW broadened its scope to include thought-leadership initiatives and industry development. [6] (#cite_note-:0-6) One initiative was the SGFW Fashion Talk Series – a series of thought-leadership and industry talks organized in partnership with LASALLE College of the Arts (/wiki/LASALLE_College_of_the_Arts) . In 2015, SGFW introduced strategic global alliances. SGFW partnered with the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA), which saw CFDA members Diane von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) and Thakoon Panichgul (/wiki/Thakoon_Panichgul) showcasing their latest collections as part of the tie up. SGFW's partnership with UK Trade & Investment (/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment) (UKTI) saw British designer and UK’S "GREAT" campaign ambassador Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) presenting her Autumn/Winter 2015 collection at SGFW 2015. [15] (#cite_note-auto-15) To support homegrown talent, SGFW introduced Fashion Futures, a new talent development programme to internationalize Singapore designers. [16] (#cite_note-16) Singaporean designers Priscilla Shunmugam (/wiki/Priscilla_Shunmugam) of Ong Shunmugam (/wiki/Ong_Shunmugam) , Sabrina Goh of ELOHIM, and Chelsea Schott-Blackhall of Dzojchen presented as part of the pilot edition of Fashion Futures. Singapore Fashion Week 2016 [ edit ] The Singapore Fashion Week returns in 2016 with a new date, location and initiatives. The 2016 edition took place in October instead of May, from 26 to 30 October, in order to align with international Fashion Weeks. [17] (#cite_note-17) The new date allows designers to showcase Spring/Summer collections that are more suited to the region's tropical climate instead of Fall/Winter collections that were previously showcased when the festival was held in May. [18] (#cite_note-18) Further, a six-month calendar of fashion and industry-related activities made accessible to the public would culminate in the Singapore Fashion Week held in October. SGFW 2016 was held at National Gallery Singapore (/wiki/National_Gallery_Singapore) , housed in two national monuments in the heart of the Civic District – the former Supreme Court (/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore) and City Hall (/wiki/City_Hall,_Singapore) . At the new location, SGFW would feature a curved runway with more than 350 front row seats, instead of conventional theatre-style seating, for a novel guest experience. The 2016 edition will include Digital Fashion Week (DFW) after its acquisition by SGFW, which would welcome a larger digital presence for SGFW. DFW is a designer showcase formerly targeted at young designers with an emphasis on online and social media. It has supported more than 50 local designers through fashion events and runway shows held annually in Singapore and Bangkok (/wiki/Bangkok) . Viewers can enjoy 360° virtual reality and live streaming of SGFW content via the Digital Fashion Week’s online portal (http://digitalfashionweek.com) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In addition to SGFW Gallery, SGFW introduced Singapore Fashion Week Access – an industry-support platform that aims to support the Singapore fashion industry by providing designers and businesses opportunities to exhibit their collections through smaller scale, flexible-format fashion presentations. [20] (#cite_note-20) SGFW turns the spotlight on Asian talents with the participation of top names in fashion such as Chinese couturier Guo Pei (/wiki/Guo_Pei) , Indian-American fashion designer Naeem Khan (/wiki/Naeem_Khan) , and London-based designer Han Chong who is behind contemporary womenswear label Self-Portrait. [21] (#cite_note-21) For the first time ever, a Singaporean designer – Max Tan of MAX.TAN – will open the fashion week at SGFW Access. Singapore Fashion Week 2017 [ edit ] The last Singapore Fashion Week took place on 26 to 28 Oct 2017. [9] (#cite_note-:2-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:3_1-0) Singapore, National Library Board. "Singapore Fashion Festival \| Infopedia" (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_417_2005-01-26.html) . eresources.nlb.gov.sg . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031214945/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_417_2005-01-26.html) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) FASHION FESTIVAL 2001 POISED TO POSITION SINGAPORE AS A REGIONAL FASHION CAPITAL (http://www.asiatraveltips.com/travelnews2000/20November2000Singapore.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064531/http://www.asiatraveltips.com/travelnews2000/20November2000Singapore.htm) 1 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Asiatraveltips.com (20 November 2000). ^ (#cite_ref-3) "About \| Audi Fashion Festival" (http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) . audifashionfestival.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032917/http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) from the original on 14 April 2016 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-:4_4-0) Chia, Stacey. "Audi Fashion Festival goes solo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031215951/http://news.asiaone.com/news/plush/audi-fashion-festival-goes-solo?page=0,1) . AsiaOne. Archived from the original (http://news.asiaone.com/news/plush/audi-fashion-festival-goes-solo?page=0%2C1) on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Success Story Behind Singapore Fashion Week" (https://fashionista.com/2013/05/how-singapore-fashion-week-is-transforming-the-traditional-trade-show-into-a-consumer-extravaganza) . Fashionista . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Phillips, Tracy. "Singapore Fashion Week: 20 years in the making" (http://www.buro247.sg/fashion/insiders/singapore-fashion-week-20-years-in-the-making.html) . Buro 24/7 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101040900/http://www.buro247.sg/fashion/insiders/singapore-fashion-week-20-years-in-the-making.html) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "SPRING - Asia Fashion Exchange launches in April 2010" (https://archive.today/20100621001031/http://www.spring.gov.sg/NewsEvents/PR/Pages/Asia-Fashion-Exchange-launches-in-April-2010-20100111.aspx) . archive.li . 21 June 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.spring.gov.sg/NewsEvents/PR/Pages/Asia-Fashion-Exchange-launches-in-April-2010-20100111.aspx) on 21 June 2010 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Singapore's Passion For Fashion Ramps Up with Asia Fashion Exchange" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180802041028/https://www.stb.gov.sg/news-and-publications/newsletters/Pages/March%202015/AFX_2005.aspx) . www.stb.gov.sg . Archived from the original (https://www.stb.gov.sg/news-and-publications/newsletters/Pages/March%202015/AFX_2005.aspx) on 2 August 2018 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Seah, May (16 November 2017). "The curtain falls on Singapore Fashion Week" (https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/goodbye-singapore-fashion-week) . The Straits Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180801094210/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/goodbye-singapore-fashion-week) from the original on 1 August 2018 . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Audi Fashion Festival 2014 "The Art of Progress" (http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) " (http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) . Audi Fashion Festival . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032917/http://audifashionfestival.com/about/) from the original on 14 April 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Day 1: Audi Fashion Festival 2013 begins" (http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/fashion-blogs/day-1-audi-fashion-festival-2013-begins) . HerWorldPlus. 15 May 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101042248/http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/fashion-blogs/day-1-audi-fashion-festival-2013-begins) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ankita, Varma (13 July 2015). "Entrepreneur Tjin Lee: Day-dreamer comes through" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/entrepreneur-tjin-lee-day-dreamer-comes-through) . The Straits Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161013054849/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/entrepreneur-tjin-lee-day-dreamer-comes-through) from the original on 13 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Audi Fashion Festival 2014" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160520175649/http://mercurymc.com/audi-fashion-festival-2/) . Mercury Marketing & Communications . Archived from the original (http://mercurymc.com/audi-fashion-festival-2/) on 20 May 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Chia, Stacey (13 May 2014). "Audi Fashion Festival highlights local designers alongside international labels" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/audi-fashion-festival-highlights-local-designers-alongside-international-labels) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213955/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/audi-fashion-festival-highlights-local-designers-alongside-international-labels) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Singapore Fashion Week 2015: 13-17 May 2015" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031214141/http://www.fccsingapore.com/news/singapore-fashion-week-2015-13-17-may-2015) . French Chamber Singapore . Archived from the original (http://www.fccsingapore.com/news/singapore-fashion-week-2015-13-17-may-2015) on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Chia, Stacey (16 February 2015). "Singapore Fashion Week 2015 returns with a new direction" (http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/updates/audi-fashion-festival-changes-singapore-fashion-week-dvf-show) . HerWorldPlus. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101042244/http://www.herworldplus.com/fashion/updates/audi-fashion-festival-changes-singapore-fashion-week-dvf-show) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Thoufeekh, Shairah. "Singapore Fashion Week 2016: The Biggest Local Fashion Event of the year has been Postponed to October" (http://thehoneycombers.com/singapore/singapore-fashion-week-2016-the-biggest-local-fashion-event-of-the-year-has-been-postponed-to-october/#3jcQoYWceDgwITQp.97) . honeycombers . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031212200/http://thehoneycombers.com/singapore/singapore-fashion-week-2016-the-biggest-local-fashion-event-of-the-year-has-been-postponed-to-october/#3jcQoYWceDgwITQp.97) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Woo, Alyssa (18 February 2016). "New Date and Local for Fashion Week" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/new-date-and-locale-for-fashion-week) . The Straits Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213511/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/new-date-and-locale-for-fashion-week) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Woo, Alyssa (28 April 2016). "Runway shows at Singapore Fashion Week will be live-streamed online" (http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/runway-shows-at-singapore-fashion-week-will-be-live-streamed-online) . The Straits Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213925/http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/runway-shows-at-singapore-fashion-week-will-be-live-streamed-online) from the original on 31 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "S'pore Fashion Week unveils new partnerships and intitiatives" (http://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/style/spore-fashion-week-unveils-new-partnerships-and-intitiatives) . Today. 28 April 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161101040948/http://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/style/spore-fashion-week-unveils-new-partnerships-and-intitiatives) from the original on 1 November 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Singapore Fashion Week 2016: Asian & Local Designers Take The Spotlight This October" (http://popspoken.com/style/2016/09/singapore-fashion-week-2016-asian-local-designers-to-take-the-spotlight) . Pop Spoken . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161030213503/http://popspoken.com/style/2016/09/singapore-fashion-week-2016-asian-local-designers-to-take-the-spotlight) from the original on 30 October 2016 . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . External links [ edit ] Singapore Fashion Online Website (https://web.archive.org/web/20070503104405/http://www.singaporefashion.com.sg/) Article on Singapore Fashion Week (https://web.archive.org/web/20070928024202/http://www.papierdoll.net/fashion.php?ID=497) Asia Fashion Exchange (https://web.archive.org/web/20130926142455/http://www.asiafashionexchange.com.sg/) Audi Fashion Festival (http://www.audifashionfestival.com) Blueprint (http://www.blueprint.sg/) Star Creation (http://www.starcreation.sg) v t e Fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) By location "Big four" New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) Milan (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) Others Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam_Fashion_Week) Australia (/wiki/Australian_Fashion_Week) Boston (/wiki/Boston_Fashion_Week) Brisbane (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Festival_Brisbane) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin_Fashion_Week) Colombo (/wiki/Colombo_Fashion_Week) Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) Detroit (/wiki/Detroit_Fashion_Week) India (/wiki/India_Fashion_Week) Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta_Fashion_Week) Kuala Lumpur (/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Fashion_Week) Lagos (/wiki/Lagos_Fashion_Week) Lahore and Karachi (/wiki/PFDC_Sunsilk_Fashion_Week) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) Madrid (/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week) Malta (/w/index.php?title=Malta_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Mexico City (/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico_City) Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand_Fashion_Week) Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa_Fashion_Week) Port Harcourt, Nigeria (/wiki/Port_Harcourt_International_Fashion_Week) Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_Fashion_Week) São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Fashion_Week) Sibiu, Romania (/wiki/Feeric_Fashion_Week) Singapore (/wiki/Singapore_Fashion_Week) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai_Fashion_Week) Shenzhen (/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1) Tbilisi (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) Toronto (/wiki/Toronto_Fashion_Week) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver_Fashion_Week) Yangon, Myanmar (/wiki/Myanmar_International_Fashion_Week) See also List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐tcbzr Cached time: 20240713013436 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.355 seconds Real time usage: 0.454 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1489/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 52704/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1005/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 86928/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5446424/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 408.110 1 -total 47.71% 194.720 1 Template:Reflist 27.77% 113.352 9 Template:Cite_web 21.82% 89.070 1 Template:Fashion_weeks 21.32% 86.989 1 Template:Navbox 17.05% 69.589 1 Template:Short_description 11.59% 47.311 11 Template:Cite_news 9.74% 39.763 2 Template:Pagetype 5.27% 21.487 1 Template:Distinguish 4.60% 18.782 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52149550-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713013436 and revision id 1079433345. 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Italian shoe designer and businesswoman Fiamma Ferragamo Born Fiamma Ferragamo ( 1941-09-03 ) September 3, 1941 Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy Died 28 September 1998 (aged 57) Florence, Italy Nationality Italian Occupations Businessperson Shoe designer Years active 1957–1998 Spouse Marchese Giuseppe di San Giuliano ( m. 1969) Children 3 Fiamma Ferragamo (3 September 1941 – 28 September 1998) was an Italian businessperson and shoe designer who was executive vice president of the company Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A. (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_S.p.A.) She began working for the company under her father Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) when she was 16 and inherited it following his death in 1960. Ferragamo expanded the business' operations and designed the Vara shoe in the 1960s. She received the 1967 Neiman Marcus Award for Distinguished Service in Fashion (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) among other awards. [1] (#cite_note-1) Family background [ edit ] She was born Fiamma Ferragamo in Florence (/wiki/Florence) , Italy in 1941, [2] (#cite_note-WWHEntry-2) during the height of the Second World War (/wiki/World_War_II) . [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) She was the eldest of six children of the shoe designer Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) and his wife Wanda Ferragamo (/wiki/Wanda_Ferragamo) (née Miletti). [4] (#cite_note-GuardianObit-4) [5] (#cite_note-RepublicaObit-5) She had ancestors hailing from Naples (/wiki/Naples) . [6] (#cite_note-TheAgeObit-6) The family survived the War despite an attempted occupation of their residence in Fiesole (/wiki/Fiesole) by the Nazis and the subsequent sustained bombing by the Allied forces. [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) [7] (#cite_note-TimesObit-7) Career [ edit ] At age 16, Ferragamo left school to join her father's business Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A. (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_S.p.A.) to learn his trade and was the only one of his children to do so. [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) [7] (#cite_note-TimesObit-7) [6] (#cite_note-TheAgeObit-6) She was more impressed at his shoe making ability rather than meeting his celebrity clientele, [4] (#cite_note-GuardianObit-4) and inherited the business at age 19 when her father died suddenly of cancer in 1960. [4] (#cite_note-GuardianObit-4) [8] (#cite_note-NYTimesObit-8) [9] (#cite_note-AC1972Article-9) Ferragamo told The Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer) in 1993 that she "was very much afraid" but had received assistance from members of her family. [10] (#cite_note-PI1993Article-10) She was made executive vice-president of Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A. and board member of the company. [2] (#cite_note-WWHEntry-2) The following year, she had taken control of the design of the company's handbags, luggage, shoes and small leather wear, [11] (#cite_note-EconomistObit-11) and had launched her first official footwear design in London. [12] (#cite_note-WWDObit-12) The show received critical acclaim and increased Ferragamo's profile. [11] (#cite_note-EconomistObit-11) According to Stasia Evasuk (/wiki/Stasia_Evasuk) the Ottawa Journal (/wiki/Ottawa_Journal) , she designed between 500 and 600 pairs of shoes per year by 1967 and had private clients such as Carroll Baker (/wiki/Carroll_Baker) , Ginger Rogers (/wiki/Ginger_Rogers) and the Duchess of Windsor (/wiki/Wallis_Simpson) . [13] (#cite_note-OW1967-13) Ferragamo began designing handbags in 1968 and increased the company's shoe designs to around 800 to 1,000 by 1972. [9] (#cite_note-AC1972Article-9) She was the creator of the Vara shoe that has a round toe and small heel in the 1960s. [2] (#cite_note-WWHEntry-2) [11] (#cite_note-EconomistObit-11) Ferragamo won the 1967 Neiman Marcus Award for Distinguished Service in Fashion (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) , [2] (#cite_note-WWHEntry-2) [8] (#cite_note-NYTimesObit-8) the most prestigious award in the fashion industry world. [7] (#cite_note-TimesObit-7) The citation of her award was "her own original design concepts and brought a new dimension to the name of Ferragamo". [14] (#cite_note-AAS1967-14) Two years later, she received the Saks Fifth Avenue Award; the American Footwear News Designer of the Year in 1988 and in February 1993, the Fashion Footwear Association of New York Medal of Honor. [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) She oversaw the acquisition of the Paris fashion firm Emanuel Ungaro (/wiki/Emanuel_Ungaro) in 1996 since her company had grown to be more robust. [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) [8] (#cite_note-NYTimesObit-8) Ferragamo saw the business acquire interests in hotels, [7] (#cite_note-TimesObit-7) and designed shoes for the films Evita (/wiki/Evita_(1996_film)) and Ever After (/wiki/Ever_After) with each of their costume designers. [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) Away from her business, she was on the board of the Italian Environmental Fund that is tasks with protecting historic Italian houses. [7] (#cite_note-TimesObit-7) [8] (#cite_note-NYTimesObit-8) She was also a member of the Bank of Italy (/wiki/Bank_of_Italy) 's Consiglio di Regganza and served on the council of the Centro di Firenze per la Mode Italiana. [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) Personal life [ edit ] Evasuk described her as "a quiet, modest hardworking woman." [13] (#cite_note-OW1967-13) In 1969, Ferragamo married Marchese Giuseppe di San Giuliano. [3] (#cite_note-IndyObit-3) They had three children (two daughters and a son). [5] (#cite_note-RepublicaObit-5) Ferragamo was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1989; [5] (#cite_note-RepublicaObit-5) she continued to work through her illness for several years even though doctors thought she would only live for a few more months. [2] (#cite_note-WWHEntry-2) She died at her home in Florence on the night of 28 September 1998. A service was held for Ferragamo at Florence's San Spirito Church on 30 September. She received a burial service at the Brunelleschi church of Santo Spirito the following day. [5] (#cite_note-RepublicaObit-5) [12] (#cite_note-WWDObit-12) Legacy [ edit ] According to The Times (/wiki/The_Times) , she turned Salvatore Ferragammo S.p.A " from the famous but still small shoemaking workshop of her father's day into one of the leading names in the Italian luxury goods market, earning millions of dollars in exports in America and around the world". [7] (#cite_note-TimesObit-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fiamma Ferragamo" (https://fondazione.ferragamo.com/it/fiamma-ferragamo) . fondazione.ferragamo.com . Retrieved 2021-10-19 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Ferragamo, Fiamma (1941–1998)" (https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ferragamo-fiamma-1941-1998) . Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210426120712/https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ferragamo-fiamma-1941-1998) from the original on 26 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Encyclopedia.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Fearon, Francesca (5 October 1998). "Obituary: Fiamma Ferragamo" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-fiamma-ferragamo-1176418.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210426120709/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-fiamma-ferragamo-1176418.html) from the original on 26 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Horwell, Veronica (6 October 1998). "Fiamma Ferragamo: Foundations in Fashion" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249808/fiamma-ferragamo-1998-guardian/) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . p. 22. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210422104839/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249808/fiamma-ferragamo-1998-guardian/) from the original on 22 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ciuti, Ilaria (30 September 1998). "Lutto in casa Ferragamo muore la manager Fiamma" (https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1998/09/30/lutto-in-casa-ferragamo-muore-la-manager.html) [Mourning in the Ferragamo house manager Fiamma dies]. la Repubblica (/wiki/La_Repubblica) (in Italian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210422105636/https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1998/09/30/lutto-in-casa-ferragamo-muore-la-manager.html) from the original on 22 April 2021 . Retrieved 21 April 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Obituary – Fiamma Ferragamo –Heir to the Shoemaker of Dreams" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249918/the-age-1998-obituary-on-fiamma/) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . 12 October 1998. p. 20. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210422104837/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249918/the-age-1998-obituary-on-fiamma/) from the original on 22 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Fiamma Ferragamo; Obituary" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A59881953/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=499d4c1d) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . 10 October 1998. p. 24. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210426120659/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CA59881953&v=2.1&it=r&sid=GPS&asid=499d4c1d) from the original on 26 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Gale Academic OneFile. ^ Jump up to: a b c d C. R. White, Constance (30 September 1998). "Fiamma Ferragamo, 57, Dies; Shoe Designer for the Elegant" (http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/30/world/fiamma-ferragamo-57-dies-shoe-designer-for-the-elegant.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . p. B8. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190909144057/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/30/world/fiamma-ferragamo-57-dies-shoe-designer-for-the-elegant.html) from the original on 9 September 2019 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Alexander, Alexandre (10 October 1972). "Fiamma Ferragamo – She Keeps Fashion Legacy Going" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249976/fiamma-ferragamo-1972-the-atlanta/) . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution) . p. 3B. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210422104840/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249976/fiamma-ferragamo-1972-the-atlanta/) from the original on 22 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-PI1993Article_10-0) Campbell, Roy H. (14 February 1993). "Daughter has kept Ferragamo shoes on firm footing" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76250277/philadelphia-inquirer-fiamma-ferragamo/) . The Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer) . p. K4. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210426120726/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76250277/philadelphia-inquirer-fiamma-ferragamo/) from the original on 26 April 2021 . Retrieved 21 April 2021 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Fiamma Ferragamo" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A21208177/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=9fdccb12) . The Economist (/wiki/The_Economist) . Vol. 349, no. 8089. 10 October 1998. p. 93. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210426120706/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CA21208177&v=2.1&it=r&sid=GPS&asid=9fdccb12) from the original on 26 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Gale In Context: Biography. ^ Jump up to: a b Zargani, Luisa; Edelson, Sharon (1 October 1998). "Fiamma Ferragmo Dies at 57" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A21184944/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=b03ce3d0) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . 175 (196): 7. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210426120710/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CA21184944&v=2.1&it=r&sid=GPS&asid=b03ce3d0) from the original on 26 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Gale General OneFile. ^ Jump up to: a b Evasuk, Stasia (18 August 1967). "The Disappearing Heel, Italian Style" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76250072/1967-ottawa-journal-article-on-fiamma/) . Ottawa Journal (/wiki/Ottawa_Journal) . p. 22. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210422104837/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76250072/1967-ottawa-journal-article-on-fiamma/) from the original on 22 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-AAS1967_14-0) "All 1967 N-M Awards go to Italians" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249844/austin-american-statesman-1-february/) . Austin American-Statesman (/wiki/Austin_American-Statesman) . 1 February 1967. p. 8. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210422104838/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76249844/austin-american-statesman-1-february/) from the original on 22 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 – via Newspapers.com. 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(Redirected from Croche braids (/w/index.php?title=Croche_braids&redirect=no) ) Not to be confused with Crochet thread (/wiki/Crochet_thread) . This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Crochet_braids) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Crochet braids" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Crochet+braids%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Crochet+braids%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Crochet+braids%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Crochet+braids%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Crochet+braids%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Crochet+braids%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Crochet braids Crochet braids , also known as latch hook braids , [1] (#cite_note-1) are techniques for braiding hair (/wiki/Braiding_hair) that involve crocheting synthetic hair extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) to a person's natural hair with a latch hook (/wiki/Rug_hooking#Latch_hooking) or crochet hook (/wiki/Crochet_hook) . While crochet braids are a hybrid of traditional braids, they're considered to be more similar to weaves (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations#Methods_for_hair_extensions) . [2] (#cite_note-Clutch2014-2) This method is associated with African hair styles. Known as a protective style, the technique can assist with hair growth if cared for properly. Crochet braids can be worn straight, curly, twisted, or braided. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Description [ edit ] Installation [ edit ] The natural hair can be twisted or braided, but is most commonly styled into cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) before affixing the synthetic hair. Using a latch hook (/wiki/Rug_hooking#Latch_hooking) or crochet hook (/wiki/Crochet_hook) , the synthetic hair (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) (in the form of loose bulk or braiding hair) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) is then attached. Parts of the hair extensions are grabbed by the hook and pulled through the underside of each cornrow, working from the front of the hair to the back at a 90 degree angle (/wiki/Right_angle) . [2] (#cite_note-Clutch2014-2) This process can take up to 4-6 hours. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Popular methods include traditional, individuals, and invisible knot method . Maintenance [ edit ] Moisturizing hair and scalp with oils or leave-in-conditioner [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) is a matter of preference. A light oil spray, such as Argan Oil, works well with crochet braids, since it is light and deep moisturizing. However, over-moisturization can lead to product build up. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) The protective style is typically preserved during sleep by covering with a satin bonnet or scarf. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Removal [ edit ] To remove, pull loop over pre-braided or twisted synthetic hair end reversing installation. Take down may require scissors for loose or wavy crochet hair. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Cutting as close to knots as possible. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Post removal treatment such as deep conditioning, helps prevent hair breakage by restoring moisture. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vercillo, Kathryn; C. Mitchell. "What Are Crochet Braids?" (http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-crochet-braids.htm) . wiseGEEK . Conjecture Corporation . Retrieved 20 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Crochet Braids 101: Hair, Style Inspiration, Care and Hair Growth Benefits" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150620210837/http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/08/crochet-braids-101-hair-style-inspiration-care-hair-growth-benefits/2/) . Clutch Magazine Online . Sutton New Media LLC. Archived from the original (http://www.clutchmagonline.com/2014/08/crochet-braids-101-hair-style-inspiration-care-hair-growth-benefits/2/) on 20 June 2015 . Retrieved 20 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Crochet Braids, Everything You Need to Know \| Un-ruly" (https://un-ruly.com/crochet-braids-everything-you-need-to-know/) . Un-ruly . 2018-08-04 . Retrieved 2018-11-20 . ^ Jump up to: a b "4 Convincing Reasons to Try Crochet Braids this Fall \| NaturallyCurly.com" (https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/extensions/4-convincing-reasons-to-try-crochet-braids-this-fall-bi) . Retrieved 2018-11-20 . ^ Jump up to: a b "4 Things You Need to Know About Removing Your Crochet Braids \| NaturallyCurly.com" (https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/home/4-things-you-need-to-know-about-removing-your-crochet-braids) . 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Amy Lemons Born Richmond, Virginia (/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia) , U.S. (/wiki/United_States) Occupation Model Years active 1995–present Parent Donald W. Lemons (/wiki/Donald_W._Lemons) Modeling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Green/Blue Amy Lemons is an American fashion model (/wiki/Model_(person)) and model advocate. She rose to fame quickly by landing the cover of Italian Vogue at age 14. Her ascent in the modeling industry included shooting the covers of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Harpers Bazaar (/wiki/Harpers_Bazaar) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . She also landed campaigns for Abercrombie and Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_and_Fitch) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) , and Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) . After a brief hiatus to earn her college degree from UCLA (/wiki/UCLA) , Amy came back to the modeling industry and began speaking out about the industry's "zero-sized standard" and healthy self-esteem for young women. Biography [ edit ] Amy Lemons was born in Doswell, Virginia (/wiki/Doswell,_Virginia) . Her father is Donald W. Lemons (/wiki/Donald_W._Lemons) , Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia (/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Virginia) . Amy began her career as a fashion model at the age of 12 after being discovered in her dentist's office. At the age of 14 she landed the cover of Italian Vogue (/wiki/Italian_Vogue) . In 2009, Amy Lemons graduated from UCLA (/wiki/UCLA) with a B.A. in History. Career and projects [ edit ] Amy Lemons is currently represented by One Management and is an avid spokesperson about both the perils of the Fashion modeling industry and the honest portrayals of the Fashion modeling business. She is an advocate for positive body image around the world. In September 2009, Amy was featured in Glamour Magazine (/wiki/Glamour_Magazine) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) along with 6 other fashion models ( Crystal Renn (/wiki/Crystal_Renn) , Ashley Graham (/wiki/Ashley_Graham_(model)) , Kate Dillon Levin (/wiki/Kate_Dillon_Levin) , Anansa Sims, and Jennie Runk (/wiki/Jennie_Runk) ) who are larger than standard sample size. In 2010, Amy appeared in New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Magazine) as part of Sara Ziff (/wiki/Sara_Ziff) 's "Picture Me" documentary on the often hidden side of fashion modeling. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Amy spoke about the issue of positive body image on The Ellen DeGeneres Show (/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Amy Lemons is involved with the "Let's Talk About it Campaign" [6] (#cite_note-6) which is part of the NOW Foundation's Love Your Body Campaign. "For more than a decade, NOW Foundation's Love Your Body Campaign has been calling out the fashion, cosmetics and advertising industries for promoting unrealistic images of women. The campaign encourages women and girls to celebrate their bodies and reject the narrow beauty ideals endorsed in the media." Amy Lemons has appeared on VogueTV, [7] (#cite_note-7) did a segment for The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) and was featured in Maxim Magazine (/wiki/Maxim_Magazine) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Clients [ edit ] Lemons has worked with many top brands and publications including Abercrombie and Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_and_Fitch) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Elena Miro (/wiki/Elena_Miro) , Elle Magazine (/wiki/Elle_Magazine) , Glamour Magazine (/wiki/Glamour_Magazine) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Macy’s (/wiki/Macy%E2%80%99s) , Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_SpA) , and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . Filmography [ edit ] Johnny Benson's Adventures in the Blogosphere (2005) The Gymnast (2006) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Field, Genevieve (2009-09-21). "These Bodies are Beautiful at Every Size" (http://www.glamour.com/health-fitness/2009/10/these-bodies-are-beautiful-at-every-size) . Glamour Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Fields, Genevieve (2009-09-21). "Supermodels Who Aren't Superthin: Meet the Women Who Proudly Bared it All" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131111120423/http://www.glamour.com/health-fitness/2009/10/supermodels-who-arent-superthin#slide=7) . Glamour Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.glamour.com/health-fitness/2009/10/supermodels-who-arent-superthin#slide=7) on 2013-11-11 . Retrieved 2011-11-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Moss, Hilary (2010-09-23). "Sara Ziff's 'Picture Me' Mini-Series: Models Told To Eat Half A Rice Cake, Cotton Balls" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/23/sara-ziff-picture-me-model_n_736416.html) . Huffington Post . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Black, Rosemary (2010-09-24). " (http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-09-24/entertainment/29441054_1_modeling-industry-young-models-shooting-with-flip-cams) 'I saw models eating cotton balls': 'Picture Me' filmmakers reveal stark side of fashion" (http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-09-24/entertainment/29441054_1_modeling-industry-young-models-shooting-with-flip-cams) . NY Daily News . ^ (#cite_ref-5) DeGeneres, Ellen. "Video of the Day: Glamour Magazine's Normal-Sized Models" (http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2009/10/glamour_magazines_normal_sized.php) . The Ellen DeGeneres Show . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lemons, Amy. "Let's Talk About It" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111220013241/http://loveyourbody.nowfoundation.org/letstalk/amy-lemons.html) . NOW Foundation . Archived from the original (http://loveyourbody.nowfoundation.org/letstalk/amy-lemons.html) on 2011-12-20. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lemons, Amy. "Glam and Curvy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120318072024/http://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-tv/vogue-curvy/glam-and-curvy/Amy%20Lemons/player) . Italian Vogue . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.it/en/vogue-tv/vogue-curvy/glam-and-curvy/Amy%20Lemons/player) on 2012-03-18. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Winfrey, Oprah. "Oprah's Favorite Jeans" (http://www.oprah.com/style/Oprahs-New-Favorite-Jeans-CJ-by-Cookie-Johnson/3) . Oprah Winfrey Show . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Winfrey, Oprah. "Adam's Jean-ius Picks" (http://www.oprah.com/style/Adam-Glassmans-Favorite-Affordable-Jeans/4) . Oprah Winfrey Show . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Lemons, Amy. "Amy Lemons" (http://www.maxim.com/girls-of-maxim/amy-lemons) . Maxim . External links [ edit ] Model Alliance (http://modelalliance.org/) Amy Lemons (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/amy_lemons/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Amy Lemons (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1993774/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐4sn9k Cached time: 20240712172640 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.275 seconds Real time usage: 0.353 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2232/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23528/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1470/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39654/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.197/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7571760/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 328.326 1 -total 53.21% 174.688 1 Template:Infobox_model 38.15% 125.260 1 Template:Reflist 25.40% 83.386 3 Template:Cite_journal 16.55% 54.333 1 Template:Infobox 8.91% 29.256 1 Template:Height 6.87% 22.572 1 Template:Convert 6.72% 22.067 6 Template:Cite_web 6.15% 20.193 21 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.29% 14.083 1 Template:Wikidata_image Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33815594-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712172640 and revision id 1172017187. 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American fashion and lingerie designer Kaila Methven Born c. 1992 [1] (#cite_note-BI26-1) Santa Monica, California (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) , U.S. Occupation(s) Fashion and lingerie designer Kaila Methven (born c. 1992) [1] (#cite_note-BI26-1) is an American fashion and lingerie designer. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Life and career [ edit ] Kaila was born in Santa Monica, California (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) . She lived with her mother Lisa Methven, until her mother's death. Later she moved to Paris to live with her father. [1] (#cite_note-BI26-1) She trained in art of design at the ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) and earned her master's degree from the IFA Paris. Later, She did her MBA in Luxury Brand Management at the Polimoda (/wiki/Polimoda) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Kaila is founder of Madame Methven. [7] (#cite_note-7) She debuted her collection at LA Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) . Since then, she has been featured in magazines, including Maxim US (/wiki/Maxim_(magazine)) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Kaila won Best International Designer of the year awards, Haute Couture Lingerie and Haute couture Pret A Porter. Her designs have been seen on many celebrities, including Katharine McPhee (/wiki/Katharine_McPhee) , Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) , Apollonia Kotero (/wiki/Apollonia_Kotero) , Kitty Brucknell (/wiki/Kitty_Brucknell) and cast members of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Beverly_Hills) . [ citation needed ] She is also an LGBT activist. [9] (#cite_note-9) Chicken heiress [ edit ] In 1960, Kaila's maternal grandfather, Stanley Methven, founded a company, Rainbow Chicken Unlimited (/wiki/RCL_Foods) , which in the 1980s at one time supplied 90% of the chicken sold by Kentucky Fried Chicken. [1] (#cite_note-BI26-1) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Following the release of the KFC-produced short film, A Recipe for Seduction (/wiki/A_Recipe_for_Seduction) , Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) noted of Methven: She is not, to be clear, a relative of the actual Colonel Sanders (/wiki/Colonel_Sanders) , and the Sanders family has not owned KFC since 1964. And yet, Methven would like us to believe her connection to the company is so intrinsic that, as she told Fox News, people now think the short film is based on her real life. [12] (#cite_note-Seduction-12) Methven found aspects of the film itself to be "very vulgar and definitely not something that the Methven family would ever approve of". [12] (#cite_note-Seduction-12) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2017 Ken Boxer Live Herself TV series 2018 Hollywood Madness Herself TV series 2018 Good Morning Lala Land Herself TV series Accolades [ edit ] 2016 - Prêt à porter Gold Award, International Design Awards (/wiki/International_Design_Awards) [13] (#cite_note-13) 2016 - lingerie Silver Award, International Design Awards [ citation needed ] 2018 - Global Designer of The Year Award [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hanbury, Mary (6 February 2018). "Meet the long-lost, 26-year-old KFC chicken heiress and Instagram star with her own lingerie company" (https://www.businessinsider.com/kfc-heiress-runs-lingerie-brands-2018-2) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . Retrieved 18 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Kaila Methven Celebrates Magazine Cover Appearance, Featuring Her Expression of Festival Couture Lingerie Fashion" (http://www.thenocturnaltimes.com/kaila-methven-celebrates-magazine-cover-appearance-featuring-her-expression-of-festival-couture-lingerie-fashion-interview/) . thenocturnaltimes.com . 9 December 2019 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "IN CONVERSATION WITH KAILA METHVEN ON HER EDM-INSPIRED HAUTE COUTURE LINE [INTERVIEW]" (https://edm.com/interviews/kaila-methven-madame-special-k-interview) . edm.com . 20 November 2019 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Socialite Kaila Methven bares all in $10M worth of diamonds" (https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/kfc-heiress-kaila-methven-bares-all-in-10m-worth-of-diamonds) . foxnews.com . 23 January 2019 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Afi vol 2 issue 3" (https://issuu.com/afimagazine/docs/afi_vol_2_issue_3) . issuu.com . 14 February 2018 . Retrieved 30 September 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Catching Up With Kaila: Founder of Madame Methven" (https://www.jetsetmag.com/lifestyle/fashion/catching-up-with-kaila-founder-of-madame-methven/) . jetsetmag.com . 12 October 2018 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Meet the long-lost, 26-year-old KFC chicken heiress and Instagram star with her own lingerie company" (https://www.businessinsider.com/kfc-heiress-runs-lingerie-brands-2018-2) . businessinsider.com . 10 October 2017 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Meet the Kfc Heiress-Turned-Lingerie Designer Who's Hotter Than a 3-Piece Chicken Dinner" (https://www.maxim.com/women/kfc-heiress-2017-9) . maxim.com . 7 September 2017 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Kaila Methven Launches Plur Association in Support of the LGBTQ+ Community" (https://edm.com/news/kaila-methven-plur-association-lgbtq) . edm.com . 7 February 2020 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "KFC heiress's riches-to-rags teen years after tragedy plunged her into 'abusive' home life" (https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kfc-heiress-kaila-methven-goes-bare-nothing-damonds-photos-790703) . ibtimes.co.in . 25 January 2019 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "KFC Heiress SIZZLES In Cabo For 28th Birthday Party!" (https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/kfc-heiress-sizzles-cabo-28th-234928546.html) . yahoo.com . 28 September 2019 . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kirkpatrick, Emily (18 December 2020). "A Self-Appointed KFC Heiress Is Not Impressed with Mario Lopez's Sexy Colonel Sanders" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/12/kfc-heiress-mario-lopez-sexy-colonel-sanders-liftime-mini-movie) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Winners Ranking" (https://idesignawards.com/winners/ranking.php?compName=&country=&sort=psort&order=DESC&page=2) . idesignawards.com . Retrieved 2 March 2020 . External links [ edit ] Kaila Methven (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9673106/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Official website (http://madamemethven.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐lngr6 Cached time: 20240714021239 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.326 seconds Real time usage: 0.449 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2842/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32470/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3561/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 50179/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.192/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6931663/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 427.345 1 -total 30.04% 128.355 1 Template:Reflist 26.01% 111.156 13 Template:Cite_web 23.06% 98.536 1 Template:Infobox_person 16.17% 69.085 1 Template:Short_description 11.60% 49.559 3 Template:Fix 9.42% 40.269 1 Template:Cn 8.68% 37.080 2 Template:Pagetype 7.60% 32.489 23 Template:Main_other 6.37% 27.227 6 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59749376-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714021239 and revision id 1231103651. 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American fashion businesswoman Lauren Santo Domingo Santo Domingo in 2014. Born Lauren Davis ( 1976-02-28 ) February 28, 1976 (age 48) Greenwich, Connecticut (/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut) , U.S. Education Kent School (/wiki/Kent_School) Greenwich High School (/wiki/Greenwich_High_School) Alma mater University of Southern California (/wiki/University_of_Southern_California) Occupations Businesswoman editor socialite Spouse Andrés Santo Domingo ( m. 2008 ) Children 2 Lauren Santo Domingo (née Davis ; born February 28, 1976) is an American entrepreneur, magazine editor, and socialite. She is the co-founder and Chief Brand Officer of online fashion retailer Moda Operandi (/wiki/Moda_Operandi) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Santo Domingo, the daughter of Ronald V. Davis, the former CEO of the Perrier (/wiki/Perrier) Group of America, and Judy Davis, an artist, [2] (#cite_note-New_York_Magazine-2) grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut (/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut) . [3] (#cite_note-3) As a model in her teens, she appeared in Sassy frequently, [4] (#cite_note-4) as well as in several commercials, including a Japanese TV spot with Brad Pitt (/wiki/Brad_Pitt) . [5] (#cite_note-5) She attended the Kent School (/wiki/Kent_School) and graduated from the University of Southern California (/wiki/University_of_Southern_California) with a degree in history in 1998. [6] (#cite_note-Interview-6) While at USC, she was a member of Pi Beta Phi (/wiki/Pi_Beta_Phi) . [7] (#cite_note-7) After graduation, she moved to Paris (/wiki/Paris) . [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Professional career [ edit ] Lauren began her career in the fashion closet at Vogue as a fashion assistant. [9] (#cite_note-9) She worked her way up to associate fashion editor and later sittings editor, focusing on the American designer market. She then worked as the PR director for Paris-based label J. Mendel, helping to launch the brand's ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) collection. [10] (#cite_note-10) She later led the PR department of Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera) for the Puig Group. [11] (#cite_note-11) Santo Domingo returned to Vogue in 2005 as a contributing editor, where she remains as of 2018. [12] (#cite_note-12) As a former American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) editor, Lauren set out to create a platform that would allow women to shop from complete designer collections – a benefit only offered to editors or stylists at the time. In February 2011, Lauren launched Moda Operandi (/wiki/Moda_Operandi) with Áslaug Magnúsdóttir (/wiki/%C3%81slaug_Magn%C3%BAsd%C3%B3ttir) , changing the way the fashion industry and people shop. The company now has more than 300 employees across eight offices globally, and has raised nearly $300m in funding from top-tier investors. [13] (#cite_note-13) In March 2023 Santo Domingo was introduced as the Creative Director of the home collection for Tiffany & Co. (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co.) Personal life [ edit ] Considered one of the "100 most influential New Yorkers of the past 25 years" by The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Santo Domingo was inducted into Vanity Fair 's International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame [15] (#cite_note-15) in 2017. Lauren is a fundraiser for Democratic (/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) political candidates, such as Hillary Clinton (/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) [16] (#cite_note-16) and Kamala Harris (/wiki/Kamala_Harris) . [17] (#cite_note-17) She is married to Colombian-American billionaire businessman Andrés Santo Domingo, who is the youngest son of late business magnate Julio Mario Santo Domingo (/wiki/Julio_Mario_Santo_Domingo) , and the co-owner of independent record label Mexican Summer (/wiki/Mexican_Summer) . [18] (#cite_note-18) The couple met in 1998 in Paris. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Through her husband, she is a member of the wealthy and socially prominent Colombian-American Santo Domingo family (/wiki/Santo_Domingo_family) . Santo Domingo lives in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) with her husband and their two children. [19] (#cite_note-19) Wedding [ edit ] Her wedding to Andrés Santo Domingo in Cartagena, Colombia (/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia) , on January 8, 2008, was deemed “the wedding of the year” by Vogue on the cover of that year's March issue, and a ten-page spread of the nuptials was shot by Arthur Elgort (/wiki/Arthur_Elgort) and featured in the magazine. [20] (#cite_note-20) Her nine bridesmaids, including socialites Tinsley Mortimer (/wiki/Tinsley_Mortimer) , Fabiola Beracasa (/wiki/Fabiola_Beracasa_Beckman) , and Coco Brandolini d'Adda (/wiki/Coco_Brandolini_d%27Adda) , each wore a dress created by a different designer, and Santo Domingo wore two custom dresses by Olivier Theyskens (/wiki/Olivier_Theyskens) for Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Other guest at the wedding included Barbara Bush (/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(born_1981)) , Tatiana Santo Domingo (/wiki/Tatiana_Santo_Domingo) , Andrea Casiraghi (/wiki/Andrea_Casiraghi) , Amanda Hearst (/wiki/Amanda_Hearst) , Ivanka Trump (/wiki/Ivanka_Trump) and Margherita Missoni (/wiki/Margherita_Missoni) . A portrait of Santo Domingo in her wedding dress was the cover image of Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers , a coffee table book edited by Hamish Bowles (/wiki/Hamish_Bowles) and Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) . [22] (#cite_note-22) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "A Lesson in Paris Couture Party Dressing at Lauren Santo Domingo's Fête for Giambattista Valli Home" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/moda-operandi-giambattista-valli-tabletop-launch-paris-party-2022) . Vogue . 2022-07-06 . Retrieved 2022-12-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-New_York_Magazine_2-0) Rovzar, Chris (22 September 2010). "Looking for the Next Mrs. Astor: The most important three names in society right now: Lauren Santo Domingo (née Davis)" (http://nymag.com/news/features/establishments/68494/) . New York Magazine . Retrieved January 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Pretty Smart \| Greenwich, CT \| greenwichmag.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140505235238/http://www.greenwichmag.com/g/February-2014/Pretty-Smart/) . Archived from the original (http://www.greenwichmag.com/g/February-2014/Pretty-Smart/) on 2014-05-05 . Retrieved 2014-05-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Harpers Bazaar UK" (https://www.pressreader.com/uk/harpers-bazaar-uk/20180301/285507956173467) . Retrieved 2018-08-22 – via PressReader. ^ (#cite_ref-5) CM boogie (2014-04-07), ブラッド・ピット/Brad Pitt EDWIN , retrieved 2018-08-22 ^ (#cite_ref-Interview_6-0) Collard, Charlotte. "Lauren Santo Domingo... Interview" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121021140017/http://www.ccblog.cc/2009/06/interview-of-the-month-lauren-santo-domingo/) . Charlotte Collard. Archived from the original (http://www.ccblog.cc/2009/06/interview-of-the-month-lauren-santo-domingo/) on October 21, 2012 . Retrieved January 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Before They Were Socialites, Part Two" (https://guestofaguest.com/new-york/socialities1/before-they-were-socialites-part-two) . Retrieved 2022-07-15 . ^ Jump up to: a b "French Open: Lauren Santo Domingo's Paris Apartment" (https://www.vogue.com/article/lauren-santo-domingo-paris-apartment) . Vogue . Retrieved 2018-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Queen of the Fashion Forward" (https://www.1stdibs.com/introspective-magazine/lauren-santo-domingo/) . 1stdibs Introspective . 2009-05-01 . Retrieved 2018-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Lauren Santo Domingois One of the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry in 2018" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/lauren-santo-domingo) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2018-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Lauren Santo Domingois One of the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry in 2018" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/lauren-santo-domingo) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2018-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Lauren Santo Domingo Holds Court at Moda Operandi's Holiday Cocktail Party" (https://www.vogue.com/article/moda-operandi-holiday-cocktail-party-lauren-santo-domingo) . Vogue . Retrieved 2018-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "How a Former Tesla Executive Is Blowing Up Luxury Fashion" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-01/ex-tesla-executive-blows-up-luxury-fashion-with-moda-operandi) . Bloomberg.com . 2019-03-01 . Retrieved 2022-12-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "The 100 Most Influential New Yorkers of the Past 25 Years" (https://observer.com/2013/03/top-100/) . The New York Observer. March 3, 2013 . Retrieved May 5, 2014 . [ verification needed ] ^ (#cite_ref-15) Fair, Vanity. "Introducing the International Best-Dressed List 2017 Hall of Fame" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/09/international-best-dressed-list-hall-of-fame-2017) . Vanities . Retrieved 2018-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Ohana&Co, Anna Wintour and Lauren Santo Domingo's dinner for Hillary Clinton campaign \| News \| Luxe Magazine" (http://www.luxe-magazine.com/en/article/8329-ohana_co_anna_wintour_and_lauren_santo_domingos_dinner_for_hillary_clinton_campaign.html) . www.luxe-magazine.com . Retrieved 2018-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Goldmacher, Shane (9 June 2018). "The First 2020 Race Is Underway: Scrambling for New York Donors" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/nyregion/democrats-2020-donors.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "On the job: Keith Abrahamsson and Andrés Santo Domingo of Mexican Summer" (https://www.timeout.com/newyork/things-to-do/on-the-job-keith-abrahamsson-and-andres-santo-domingo-of-mexican-summer) . Time Out New York . Retrieved 2018-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "MAMA-OF-THE-MOMENT: Lauren Santo Domingo" (http://www.mamaandtata.com/blog/2016/8/12/mama-of-the-moment-lauren-santo-domingo) . Mama & Tata . Retrieved 2018-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "The Anatomy of a 'Vogue' Wedding" (https://fashionista.com/2015/08/vogue-weddings-by-the-numbers) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2018-08-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Garcia, Patricia (April 11, 2011). "Irreverent Brides: Unconventional Wedding Dressing" (http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/gwen-stefani-and-other-unconventional-wedding-dresses/#1) . Vogue . Retrieved January 19, 2013 . [ verification needed ] ^ (#cite_ref-22) "A Thing of Beauty: An Inside Look at Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers" (https://www.vogue.com/article/a-thing-of-beauty-an-inside-look-at-the-photographs-from-vogue-weddings-brides-dresses-designerson-sale-now) . Vogue . Retrieved 2018-10-02 . 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American entrepreneur Jennifer Hyman Hyman (2015) Born August 24th, 1980 Education Harvard University (/wiki/Harvard_University) (BA, MBA) Occupation(s) Cofounder and CEO, Rent The Runway (/wiki/Rent_The_Runway) Jennifer Hyman is the CEO and co-founder of Rent the Runway (/wiki/Rent_the_Runway) , a company focused on the renting of high-end clothing and accessories. Early life and education [ edit ] Jennifer Hyman grew up in New Rochelle, New York (/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York) , and attended New Rochelle High School (/wiki/New_Rochelle_High_School) . She received her BA in social sciences from Harvard University in 2002. [1] (#cite_note-1) She later attended Harvard Business School (/wiki/Harvard_Business_School) , where she met co-founder of Rent the Runway Jennifer Fleiss (/wiki/Jennifer_Fleiss) , and graduated with an MBA in 2009. [2] (#cite_note-2) Hyman met her husband, Benjamin Stauffer, a television and film editor, on the dating app Hinge. They were married in January 2018. [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] In November 2008, Hyman first had the idea for Rent the Runway (/wiki/Rent_the_Runway) after witnessing her sister agonize over and drop thousands of dollars on a dress for a wedding, only to wear it once. [4] (#cite_note-4) Hyman co-founded Rent the Runway in 2009. A highlight in Hyman's career was taking the company public as the 30th women ever to take her company public in history, and being a part of the first company to go public with a female founder/CEO, COO, and CFO. [5] (#cite_note-5) Prior to the founding of Rent the Runway, Jennifer ran an online advertising sales team for weddingchannel.com and worked as an in-house entrepreneur for the Starwood Hotel where she was responsible for creating the hotel’s first wedding business. Following that, she served as the director of business development for IMG’s fashion division. [6] (#cite_note-6) Hyman participates in national conferences and panel discussions regarding topics covering the economy, women in business and company culture. Some of her past speaking engagements include NRF (/wiki/National_Retail_Federation) Foundation's "Retail’s Big Show" [7] (#cite_note-7) WWD's (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) Digital Forum [8] (#cite_note-8) and the 99U Conference. [9] (#cite_note-9) Hyman has spoken out publicly against sexual harassment in the tech industry and went public with her own experience on CNBC (/wiki/CNBC) 's Squawk Alley (/wiki/Squawk_Alley) in July 2017. [10] (#cite_note-Balakrishnan-10) Hyman serves on the Board of Directors of the Estée Lauder Companies, [11] (#cite_note-11) and on the Women.nyc Advisory Board. [12] (#cite_note-board-12) Honors [ edit ] Fortune magazine's 40 Under 40 (/wiki/40_Under_40) in 2012 [13] (#cite_note-13) Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2019 [14] (#cite_note-14) People Magazine's 2020 Women Changing the World [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "HuffPost" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-hyman-rent-the-runway-business-sexism_n_59e13603e4b0a52aca181ab9) . HuffPost . Retrieved 2017-10-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Persad, Michelle (2015-12-16). "How Two Harvard Grads Made It Possible To Rent The Runway" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/harvard-fashion_n_56706992e4b0fccee1702c31) . The Huffington Post . Retrieved 2019-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Haude, Katharina (2010-12-13), " (https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110228557.95) "She kisses her late husband" = "She kissed her husband": nominal tense in Movima" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110228557.95) , Rara & Rarissima , DE GRUYTER MOUTON, pp. 95–116, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-11-022854-0 , retrieved 2023-11-10 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Wortham, Jenna (2009-11-09). "A Netflix Model For Haute Couture" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/technology/09runway.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "How Rent the Runway CEO Jennifer Hyman Built a 'Willy Wonka Land of Fashion' (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a41316519/jennifer-hyman-career-rent-the-runway/) " (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a41316519/jennifer-hyman-career-rent-the-runway/) . ELLE . 2022-09-30 . Retrieved 2022-12-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jennifer Hyman \| BoF 500 \| The People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/jennifer-hyman) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 2023-11-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Davis, Ellen, "In their own words: Highlights from Retail's BIG Show Student Program 2013" (http://blog.nrf.com/2013/02/19/in-their-own-words-highlights-from-retails-big-show-student-program-2013/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130709080623/http://blog.nrf.com/2013/02/19/in-their-own-words-highlights-from-retails-big-show-student-program-2013/) 2013-07-09 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , "Retail's BIG Blog", February 19, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Steigrad, Alexandra, "Making the Right Impression" (http://www.wwd.com/images/processed/summits/pdf/2013/WWD_Digital_Winter_2013.pdf) , "WWD", February 14, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Neil Blumenthal & Jenn Hyman: Why Transparency & Openness Wins" (http://99u.com/videos/7228/neil-blumenthal-jenn-hyman-why-transparency-openness-wins) , "99U" ^ (#cite_ref-Balakrishnan_10-0) Balakrishnan, Anita (2017-07-17). "This start-up CEO says she was harassed — and she's calling on VCs to fix the problem in tech" (https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/17/rent-the-runway-ceo-jennifer-hyman-on-sexual-harassment-in-tech.html) . CNBC . Retrieved 2017-10-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Board of Directors" (https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/leadership/board-of-directors) . www.elcompanies.com . Retrieved 2019-04-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-board_12-0) "New women.nyc advisory board enlists dynamic NYC leaders to further women's economic advancement" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190424151626/https://women.nyc/news_feed/board-announcement/) . women.nyc . Archived from the original (https://women.nyc/news_feed/board-announcement/) on 2019-04-24 . Retrieved 2019-04-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "40 Under 40" (https://money.cnn.com/gallery/magazines/fortune/2012/10/11/40-under-40.fortune/29.html) , "Fortune", October 17, 2012 Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121014010913/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/magazines/fortune/2012/10/11/40-under-40.fortune/29.html) October 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Jennifer Hyman: The 100 Most Influential People of 2019" (https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567849/jennifer-hyman/) . TIME . Retrieved 2020-09-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Rent the Runway Founder Jennifer Hyman Says Inventory Snafus Last Fall Were 'Humbling' (https://people.com/style/rent-the-runway-founder-jennifer-hyman-talks-inventory-issues/) " (https://people.com/style/rent-the-runway-founder-jennifer-hyman-talks-inventory-issues/) . Peoplemag . Retrieved 2023-11-18 . External links [ edit ] Jennifer Hyman and Jennifer Fleiss, Founders of Rent the Runway on Maria Shriver (/wiki/Maria_Shriver) 's website Mystery Guest: `Rent The Runway' CEO Jennifer Hyman on Bloomberg TV (/wiki/Bloomberg_TV) How I Built This - Rent the Runway: Jenn Hyman (https://www.npr.org/2017/09/21/541686055/rent-the-runway-jenn-hyman) (NPR podcast) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐jlqcj Cached time: 20240722162311 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.269 seconds Real time usage: 0.360 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1985/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22336/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 954/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 44633/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.161/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6370361/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 333.250 1 -total 44.67% 148.858 1 Template:Reflist 30.81% 102.677 1 Template:Infobox_person 30.11% 100.351 7 Template:Cite_web 22.71% 75.682 1 Template:Short_description 14.21% 47.356 2 Template:Pagetype 9.40% 31.315 16 Template:Main_other 5.85% 19.509 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 5.17% 17.217 1 Template:SDcat 3.83% 12.774 1 Template:Wikidata_image Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37364788-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722162311 and revision id 1215526659. 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(Redirected from Ball dress (/w/index.php?title=Ball_dress&redirect=no) ) Class of clothing for special occasions or events This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Formal_wear) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Formal wear" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Formal+wear%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Formal+wear%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Formal+wear%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Formal+wear%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Formal+wear%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Formal+wear%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) on Western dress codes (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) and corresponding attires (/wiki/Clothing) Formal ( full dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) White tie (/wiki/White_tie) Morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) Full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) ( half dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) Black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) Mess dress uniform (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) ( undress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) , "dress clothes") Suit (/wiki/Suit) Service dress uniform (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) (anything not above) Business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) Casual Friday (/wiki/Casual_Friday) Combat uniform (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) known as Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) and Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Supplementary alternatives Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) law courts (/wiki/Court_dress) royal courts (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) , etc. Religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) , habit (/wiki/Religious_habit) , etc. Folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) Distinctions Orders (/wiki/Order_(distinction)) medals (/wiki/Medal) , etc. Legend: = Day (before 6 p.m.) = Evening (after 6 p.m.) = Bow tie (/wiki/Bow_tie) colour = Ladies = Gentlemen Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e Formal wear or full dress is the Western dress code (/wiki/Western_dress_code) category applicable for the most formal occasions, such as weddings (/wiki/Wedding) , christenings (/wiki/Baptism) , confirmations (/wiki/Confirmation) , funerals (/wiki/Funeral) , Easter (/wiki/Easter_traditions) and Christmas traditions (/wiki/Christmas_traditions) , in addition to certain state dinners (/wiki/State_dinner) , audiences (/wiki/Audience_(meeting)) , balls (/wiki/Ball_(dance_party)) , and horse racing (/wiki/Horse_racing) events. Generally permitted other alternatives, though, are the most formal versions of ceremonial dresses (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) (including court dresses (/wiki/Court_dress) , diplomatic uniforms (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) and academic dresses (/wiki/Academic_dress) ), full dress uniforms (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) , religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) , national costumes (/wiki/National_costume) , and most rarely frock coats (/wiki/Frock_coat) (which preceded morning coat as default formal day wear 1820s-1920s). In addition, formal wear is often instructed to be worn with official full size orders (/wiki/Order_(distinction)) and medals (/wiki/Medal) . The protocol (/wiki/Etiquette) indicating particularly men's traditional formal wear has remained virtually unchanged since the early 20th century. Despite decline following the counterculture of the 1960s (/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s) , it remains observed in formal settings influenced by Western culture (/wiki/Western_culture) : notably around Europe (/wiki/Europe) , the Americas (/wiki/Americas) , South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) , as well as Japan (/wiki/Japan) . For women, although fundamental customs for formal ball gowns (/wiki/Ball_gown) (and wedding gowns (/wiki/Wedding_gown) ) likewise apply, changes in fashion (/wiki/Fashion) have been more dynamic. Traditional formal headgear (/wiki/Headgear) for men is the top hat (/wiki/Top_hat) , and for women picture hats (/wiki/Picture_hat) etc. of a range of interpretations. Shoes for men are dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoes) , dress boots (/wiki/Dress_boot) or pumps (/wiki/Court_shoe) and for women heeled dress pumps (/wiki/Court_shoe#Womenswear) . In western countries, a "formal" or white tie (/wiki/White_tie) dress code typically means tailcoats for men and evening dresses (/wiki/Evening_gown) for women. The most formal dress for women is a full-length ball (/wiki/Ball_gown) or evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) with evening gloves (/wiki/Evening_gloves) . Some white tie functions also request that the women wear long gloves (/wiki/Long_gloves) past the elbow. Formal wear being the most formal dress code, it is followed by semi-formal wear (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) , equivalently based around daytime black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) , and evening black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) ( dinner suit/tuxedo ), and evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) for women. The male lounge suit (/wiki/Lounge_suit) and female cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) in turn only comes after this level, traditionally associated with informal attire (/wiki/Informal_attire) . Notably, if a level of flexibility is indicated (for example "uniform, morning coat or lounge suit", such as seen to the royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Harry_and_Meghan_Markle) in 2018), the hosts tend to wear the most formal interpretation of that dress code in order to save guests the inconvenience of out-dressing. Since the most formal versions of national costumes are typically permitted as supplementary alternatives to the uniformity of Western formal dress codes, conversely, since most cultures have at least intuitively applied some equivalent level of formality, the versatile framework of Western formal dress codes open to amalgamation of international and local customs have influenced its competitiveness as international standard. From these social conventions derive in turn also the variants worn on related occasions of varying solemnity, such as formal political (/wiki/Political) , diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomacy) , and academic (/wiki/Academic) events, in addition to certain parties (/wiki/Parties) including award (/wiki/Award) ceremonies, balls, fraternal orders (/wiki/Fraternal_order) , high school (/wiki/High_school) proms (/wiki/Prom) , etc. History [ edit ] The woman on the left displays a more romantic modern approach and Lourett Russell Grant (/wiki/Lourett_Russell_Grant) on the right wears the most formal dress with evening gloves. Clothing norms and fashions fluctuated regionally in the Middle Ages (/wiki/Middle_Ages) . More widespread conventions emerged around royal courts (/wiki/Royal_court) in Europe (/wiki/Europe) in the more interconnected Early Modern era (/wiki/Early_Modern_era) . The justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) with cravat (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) , breeches (/wiki/Breeches) and tricorne hat (/wiki/Tricorne_hat) was established as the first suit (/wiki/Suit) (in an anarchaic sense) by the 1660s-1790s. It was sometimes distinguished by day and evening wear. By the Age of Revolution (/wiki/Age_of_Revolution) in the Late Modern era (/wiki/Late_Modern_era) , it was replaced by the previously-casual country leisure wear-associated front cutaway dress coat (/wiki/Dress_coat) around the 1790s-1810s. At the same time, breeches were gradually replaced by pantaloons (/wiki/Trousers#Europe_before_the_20th_century) , as were tricorne hats by bicorne hats (/wiki/Bicorne_hat) and ultimately by the top hat (/wiki/Top_hat) by the 19th century and thenceforth. By the 1820s, the dress coat was replaced as formal day wear by the dark, closed-front knee-length frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) . However, the dress coat from the transition period was maintained as formal evening wear in the form of white tie (/wiki/White_tie) , remaining so until this day. By the 1840s, the first cutaway morning coats (/wiki/Morning_coat) of contemporary style emerged, which would eventually replace the frock coat as formal day wear by the 1920s. Likewise, starting from the 1860s, fashion evolved to gradually introduce the more sportive, shorter suit jacket (/wiki/Suit_jacket) , likewise originating in country leisure wear. This evolved into the semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) evening wear black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) from the 1880s and the informal wear (/wiki/Informal_wear) suit (/wiki/Suit) accepted by polite society from the 1920s. Dress codes [ edit ] The dress codes counted as formal wear are the formal dress codes of morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) for daytime and white tie (/wiki/White_tie) for evenings. Although some consider strollers (/wiki/Stroller_(style)) for daytime and black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) for the evening as formal, they are traditionally considered semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal) attires, sartorially speaking below in formality level. [ citation needed ] The clothes dictated by these dress codes for women are ball gowns (/wiki/Ball_gown) . For many uniforms, the official clothing is unisex. Examples of this are court dress (/wiki/Court_dress) , academic dress (/wiki/Academic_dress) , and military full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) . Morning dress [ edit ] Main article: Morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) Morning dress is the daytime formal dress code (/wiki/Dress_code_(Western)) , consisting chiefly for men of a morning coat (/wiki/Morning_coat) , waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) , and striped trousers (/wiki/Spongebag_trousers) , and an appropriate dress (/wiki/Dress) for women. White tie [ edit ] Main article: White tie (/wiki/White_tie) The required clothing for men, in the evening, is roughly the following: Formal trousers (/wiki/Trousers) , uncuffed, with stripes on leg seams White piqué front or plain stiff-fronted shirt (/wiki/Shirt) with a detachable wing collar, cuff links (/wiki/Cuff_links) and shirt studs (/wiki/Shirt_studs) White piqué (/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)) bow tie (/wiki/Bow_tie) White piqué vest (/wiki/Vest) ( waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) ) [1] (#cite_note-1) A ( dress coat (/wiki/Dress_coat) ) evening tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) [2] (#cite_note-2) Black patent leather (/wiki/Patent_leather) court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoes) Accessories Women wear a variety of dresses. See ball gowns (/wiki/Ball_gown) , evening gowns (/wiki/Evening_gown) , and wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) . Business attire for women has a developmental history of its own and generally looks different from formal dress for social occasions. Supplementary alternatives [ edit ] Many invitations to white tie (/wiki/White_tie) events, like the last published edition of the British Lord Chamberlain's Guide to Dress at Court , explicitly state that national costume or national dress may be substituted for white tie. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In general, each of the supplementary alternatives applies equally for both day attire (/wiki/Morning_dress) , and evening attire. Ceremonial dress [ edit ] Diplomatic reception in West Germany (/wiki/West_Germany) (1961); the Danish ambassador wears a red diplomatic uniform (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) , the British ambassador a dark one. Further information: Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) Including court dresses (/wiki/Court_dress) , diplomatic uniforms (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) , and academic dresses (/wiki/Academic_dress) . Full dress uniform [ edit ] Further information: Full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) Prior to World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) formal style of military dress, often referred to as full dress uniform, was generally restricted to the British (/wiki/British_Armed_Forces) , British Empire (/wiki/British_Empire) and United States armed forces (/wiki/United_States_armed_forces) ; although the French, Imperial German (/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy) , Swedish and other navies had adopted their own versions of mess dress during the late nineteenth century, influenced by the Royal Navy (/wiki/Royal_Navy) . [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnötelKnötelSieg1980442–445-5) In the U.S. Army, evening mess uniform (/wiki/Mess_dress#United_States) , in either blue or white, is considered the appropriate military uniform for white-tie occasions. [6] (#cite_note-auto-6) [ citation needed ] The blue mess and white mess uniforms are black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) equivalents, although the Army Service Uniform (/wiki/Army_Service_Uniform) with bow tie are accepted, especially for non-commissioned officers and newly commissioned officers. For white-tie occasions, of which there are almost none in the United States outside the national capital region for U.S. Army, an officer must wear a wing-collar shirt with white tie and white vest. For black tie occasions, officers must wear a turndown collar with black tie and black cummerbund. The only outer coat prescribed for both black- and white-tie events is the army blue cape with branch colour lining. [6] (#cite_note-auto-6) Religious clothing [ edit ] Further information: Religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Certain clergy wear, in place of white tie outfits, a cassock (/wiki/Cassock) with ferraiolone (/wiki/Ferraiolo) , which is a light-weight ankle-length cape intended to be worn indoors. The colour and fabric of the ferraiolone is determined by the rank of the cleric and can be scarlet watered silk, purple silk, black silk or black wool. For outerwear, the black cape (cappa nigra), also known as a choir cape (cappa choralis), is most traditional. It is a long black woolen cloak fastened with a clasp at the neck and often has a hood. Cardinals and bishops may also wear a black plush hat or, less formally, a biretta (/wiki/Biretta) . In practice, the cassock and especially the ferraiolone have become much less common and no particular formal attire has appeared to replace them. The most formal alternative is a clerical waistcoat incorporating a Roman collar (a rabat) worn with a collarless French cuff shirt and a black suit, although this is closer to black-tie than white tie. Historically, clerics in the Church of England (/wiki/Church_of_England) would wear a knee-length cassock called an apron, accompanied by a tailcoat with silk facings but no lapels, for a white tie occasion. In modern times this is rarely seen. However, if worn, the knee-length cassock is now replaced with normal dress trousers. First native Catholic parish priest (/wiki/Catholic_parish_priest) from the Belgian Congo (/wiki/Belgian_Congo) , wearing a Roman cassock (/wiki/Cassock) with the standard 18 buttons ( Gazet van Antwerpen , 2 September 1906) Catholic (/wiki/Catholic) Cardinal (/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)) Tarcisio Bertone (/wiki/Tarcisio_Bertone) wearing a tropical white cassock (/wiki/Cassock) trimmed in cardinalatial scarlet (/wiki/Scarlet_(color)) in Santo Domingo (/wiki/Santo_Domingo) , Dominican Republic (/wiki/Dominican_Republic) (2006) Pope Benedict XVI (/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI) in white cassock (sometimes though unofficially called a simar (/wiki/Simar) ) with pellegrina (/wiki/Pellegrina) and fringed white fascia (2007) Pope Francis (/wiki/Pope_Francis) , and Patriarch (/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch) Bartholomew I (/wiki/Bartholomew_I) in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre) , Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) (2014) Justin Welby (/wiki/Justin_Welby) , Anglican (/wiki/Anglican) Archbishop of Canterbury (/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury) , and Kim Geun-Sang (/wiki/Paul_Kim_(Anglican_bishop)) , Anglican Primate (/wiki/Primate_(bishop)) of the Anglican Church of Korea (/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Korea) (2013) Chief Rabbi (/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_Jerusalem) Shlomo Amar (/wiki/Shlomo_Amar) of Jerusalem (/wiki/Jerusalem) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) (right) with Jewish scholar Joseph J. Sherman (/wiki/Joseph_J._Sherman) (left) (2014) Cultural dress [ edit ] Main article: Folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) In Western formal state ceremonies and social functions, diplomats, foreign dignitaries, and guests of honour wear a Western formal dress if not wearing their own national dress. Many cultures have a formal day and evening dress, for example: Av Pak (/wiki/Av_Pak) — both traditional and modern embroidered blouse worn by women in Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia) for special occasions and traditional festivals Bandhgala (/wiki/Bandhgala) — also called Jodhpuri suit, worn by men in India (/wiki/India) , is a traditional dress Barong tagalog (/wiki/Barong_tagalog) — worn by men in the Philippines Bisht — worn by men with thawb (/wiki/Thawb) and shmagh or (/wiki/Keffiyeh) ghutrah and agal in formal and religious occasions, e.g. Eid (/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr) , in some Eastern Arab (/wiki/Arab) countries like ( Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) , Iraq (/wiki/Iraq) , Kuwait (/wiki/Kuwait) , UAE (/wiki/UAE) , Qatar (/wiki/Qatar) , Bahrain (/wiki/Bahrain) and others) Batik (/wiki/Batik) shirt — worn by men and women in Indonesia. Besides counting as formal wear, batik shirts are worn well into the informal level. Bunad (/wiki/Bunad) — worn as formal dress by women and men in Norway (/wiki/Norway) Changshan (/wiki/Changshan) — a long male version of the qipao (/wiki/Qipao) , which originated during the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) . It can be of cotton for ordinary wear, or of silk for those within aristocratic families. Beneath the changshan , the man generally wears a white mandarin-collar long-sleeved shirt and a pair of dark-colored long pants. Like the qipao , this changshan male gown has slits on both sides (at least knee level) as well. Worn either by Chinese men in the martial arts world or as attire for weddings to match the qipao the bride wears. The qipao and changshan originated as Manchu dresses which government officials, but not ordinary civilians, were required to wear under the Qing dynasty's laws. Gradually, the general Han Chinese civilian population shifted from wearing traditional Chinese hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) clothing to the qipao and changshan . Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) — a modern female variation of the Qing dynasty silk dress, characterized by a high mandarin collar and side slits of varying lengths. It can be sleeveless, short-sleeved, elbow-length or long-sleeved, and has been adopted by most Chinese women as Chinese wear, depending on materials and occasions. Daura-Suruwal (/wiki/Daura-Suruwal) — worn as formal dress by men in Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) — worn by men in West African countries Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) — worn by men in Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) , India (/wiki/India) , Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) , the Maldives (/wiki/Maldives) , and Tamil (/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils) men in Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) Folkdräkt (/w/index.php?title=Folkdr%C3%A4kt&action=edit&redlink=1) [ sv (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenska_folkdr%C3%A4kter) ] — worn as formal dress by women and men in Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) Hátíðarbúningur — worn by men in Iceland (/wiki/Iceland) to formal events such as state dinners (/wiki/State_dinner) and weddings Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) — worn by both men and women in Korea (/wiki/Korea) Highland dress (/wiki/Highland_dress) with Scottish kilt (/wiki/Kilt#Scottish_kilt) — worn as formal dress by men in Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) or of Scottish descent Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) — worn by women in Malaysia and Indonesia Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) , worn as diplomatic uniform and evening dress by officials of the People's Republic of China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) Sari (/wiki/Sari) — worn by women in India (/wiki/India) , Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) , Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) , Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) and Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) — worn by both men and women in Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) , India (/wiki/India) and Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) worn by men in India and Pakistan (/wiki/South_Asia) An Icelandic man wears the hátíðarbúningur formal dress on his wedding day along with a boutonnière (/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re) . Couple married in a Shinto (/wiki/Shinto) ceremony in Takayama (/wiki/Takayama,_Gifu) , Gifu prefecture King Abdullah (/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia) in Arab (/wiki/Arab) formal dress Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (/wiki/Narendra_Modi) in a bandhgala (/wiki/Bandhgala) along with his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe (/wiki/Shinzo_Abe) Frock coat [ edit ] Heads of government wearing frock coats (/wiki/Frock_coat) at the formal signing of the Treaty of Versailles (/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles) in 1919 Further information: Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Although ceased as a protocol-regulated required formal attire at the British royal court (/wiki/British_royal_court) in 1936 at the order of the short-reigning King Edward VIII (/wiki/Edward_VIII) , the frock coat - embodying the background for all contemporary civil formal wear - has not altogether vanished. Yet, it is a rarity mostly confined to infrequent appearances at certain weddings (/wiki/Wedding) . The state funeral (/wiki/State_funeral) of Winston Churchill (/wiki/Winston_Churchill) in 1965 included bearers of frock coats. [7] (#cite_note-7) To this day, King Tupou VI (/wiki/Tupou_VI) of Tonga (/wiki/Tonga) (born 1959) has been a frequent wearer of frock coats at formal occasions. Also more recent fashion has been inspired by frock coats: Prada (/wiki/Prada) 's autumn editions of 2012, [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) 's menswear in the autumn of 2017, [10] (#cite_note-10) and Paul Smith (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) 's autumn 2018. [11] (#cite_note-11) Gallery [ edit ] Morning dress [ edit ] Morning dress in 1901 Sir John Goodwin (/wiki/John_Goodwin_(British_Army_officer)) and Lady Goodwin together with Neil Campbell (/wiki/Neil_Campbell_(British_Army_officer)) and his wife, walking over the Grey Street Bridge (/wiki/Grey_Street_Bridge) in morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) , top hats (/wiki/Top_hat) and spats (/wiki/Spats_(footwear)) (1931) Torsten Nothin (/wiki/Torsten_Nothin) , Gunnar Asplund (/wiki/Gunnar_Asplund) , Crown Prince Gustav Adolf (/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf_of_Sweden) , Prince Eugen (/wiki/Prince_Eugen,_Duke_of_N%C3%A4rke) and Yngve Larsson (/wiki/Yngve_Larsson) at the inauguration of Skogskyrkogården (/wiki/Skogskyrkog%C3%A5rden) , Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) (1940) Former U.S. President (/wiki/U.S._President) Harry Truman (/wiki/Harry_Truman) with William Lyon Mackenzie King (/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King) (1947) Men in morning dress and women in wedding gowns (/wiki/Wedding_gown) at a wedding (1929) John F. Kennedy (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) and Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy) , in morning dress and wedding gown (/wiki/Wedding_gown) , outdoors (1953) White tie [ edit ] Caricature of William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp (/wiki/William_Lygon,_7th_Earl_Beauchamp) in Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(UK_magazine)) (1899) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk) in evening white tie formal wear (1925) Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) (in ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) ) and Prince Philip (/wiki/Prince_Philip) ( full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) ) before the formal ( full dress ) opening of the Parliament of Canada (/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada) (1957), surrounded by participators of varying degrees of formal attire ( morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) , white tie (/wiki/White_tie) etc.), presumably in accordance with their functions or time of arrival and departure President of the United States (/wiki/President_of_the_United_States) Gerald Ford (/wiki/Gerald_Ford) , First Lady Betty Ford (/wiki/Betty_Ford) , Japanese Emperor Hirohito (/wiki/Emperor_Hirohito) and Empress Nagako (/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Djun) (the men in white tie) during a state dinner (1975) King Willem-Alexander (/wiki/King_Willem-Alexander) and Queen Maxima (/wiki/Queen_Maxima) walking to the Nieuwe Kerk (/wiki/Nieuwe_Kerk,_Amsterdam) on his inauguration day (/wiki/Inauguration_day) (30 April 2013) See also [ edit ] Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) Morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) White tie (/wiki/White_tie) Western dress codes (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) Suit (/wiki/Suit) Informal wear (/wiki/Informal_wear) Semi-formal wear (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Casual wear (/wiki/Casual_wear) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Vintage Evening Waistcoats & Cummerbunds" (https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/tuxedo-black-tie-guide/vintage-evening-wear/waistcoats-vests-cummerbunds/) . 3 December 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "White Tie Evening Tailcoat & Trousers (Dress Suit)" (https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/white-tie-guide/white-tie-tailcoat-trousers/) . www.gentlemansgazette.com . December 7, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Canadian Heritage (1985). "Dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130628161406/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/prtcl/vest-eng.cfm) . "Diplomatic and Consular Relations and Protocol" External Affairs . Archived from the original (http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/prtcl/vest-eng.cfm) on 2013-06-28 . Retrieved 2008-11-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Nobleprize.org. "The Dress Code at the Nobel Banquet: What to wear?" (https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/dresscode/) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnötelKnötelSieg1980442–445_5-0) Knötel, Knötel & Sieg (1980) (#CITEREFKnötelKnötelSieg1980) , pp. 442–445. ^ Jump up to: a b "Guide to the Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150421051035/http://www.ncoguide.com/files/da-pam-670_1.pdf) (PDF) . Archived from the original (http://www.ncoguide.com/files/da-pam-670_1.pdf) (PDF) on 2015-04-21 . Retrieved 2019-01-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "THE STATE FUNERAL OF SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL (NEWS IN COLOUR) - COLOUR IS VERY GOOD" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQldUeevrQQ) – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Formal Dresses" (https://jeem.pk/collections/formal-dresses) . Archived from the original (https://jeem.pk) on 2018-12-02 . Retrieved 2018-12-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Prada Autumn/Winter 2012 Menswear" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070511/https://www.vogue.co.uk/shows/autumn-winter-2012-menswear/prada/collection) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/shows/autumn-winter-2012-menswear/prada/collection) on 2018-12-02 . Retrieved 2018-12-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "frock coat \| Fashion History Timeline" (https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/frock-coat/) . fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Paul Smith Fall 2018 Menswear Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2018-menswear/paul-smith/slideshow/collection) . Works cited [ edit ] Knötel, Richard; Knötel, Herbert; Sieg, Herbert (1980). Uniforms of the World: A Compendium of Army, Navy, and Air Force Uniforms, 1700–1937 . New York: Scribner. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-684-16304-8 . Retrieved 26 May 2012 . 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Joshua Galvin (1938 – 2011) was an English (/wiki/English_people) hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) and educator. [1] (#cite_note-1) He became one of Vidal Sassoon (/wiki/Vidal_Sassoon) ’s top London stylists in the swinging 60s, and was Judy Garland (/wiki/Judy_Garland) ’s personal hairdresser in New York. [2] (#cite_note-2) He had five training academies in London and Essex (/wiki/Essex) , earning the unofficial title, "the father of modern hairdressing training," and sat on the council of the Fellowship for British Hairdressing. [3] (#cite_note-3) Galvin was awarded an honorary fellowship by the University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) in 2007. [4] (#cite_note-4) His younger brother, Daniel Galvin (/wiki/Daniel_Galvin) , is also a prominent hair stylist. [5] (#cite_note-HR-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Hairdressing Industry Mourns Joshua Galvin" (http://www.hji.co.uk/blogs/2011/04/hairdressing-industry-mourns-j.html) . Hairdressers Journal . April 27, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "ดูหนังออนไลน์ ดูทุกเรื่องฟรี หนังไทย หนังฝรั่ง หนังเอเชีย หนังตลก หนังผี" (http://www.britishdesigninnovation.org/index.php?page=newsservice/view&news_id=4991) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) http://www.cityandguilds.com/20486.html (http://www.cityandguilds.com/20486.html) [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "ดูหนังออนไลน์ ดูทุกเรื่องฟรี หนังไทย หนังฝรั่ง หนังเอเชีย หนังตลก หนังผี" (http://www.britishdesigninnovation.org/index.php?page=newsservice/view&news_id=4991) . ^ (#cite_ref-HR_5-0) Finney, Clare (2012). "Humble roots" (http://marylebonejournal.com/style/humble-roots) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150314222456/http://marylebonejournal.com/style/humble-roots) 2015-03-14 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Marylebone Journal . Retrieved 18 October 2015. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5d694898fb‐c4klf Cached time: 20240710105753 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.181 seconds Real time usage: 0.250 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 362/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9404/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 912/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13583/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.107/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2999333/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 230.632 1 -total 100.00% 230.632 1 Template:Reflist 52.54% 121.182 3 Template:Cite_web 30.94% 71.347 1 Template:Dead_link 28.10% 64.796 1 Template:Fix 25.01% 57.690 2 Template:Category_handler 6.44% 14.855 1 Template:Webarchive 2.44% 5.624 1 Template:Fix/category 1.13% 2.597 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25831022-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710105753 and revision id 1049812802. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Galvin&oldid=1049812802 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Galvin&oldid=1049812802) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1938 births (/wiki/Category:1938_births) 2011 deaths (/wiki/Category:2011_deaths) British hairdressers (/wiki/Category:British_hairdressers) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from April 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2017) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)
Study of footwear, especially historical footwear whether as archaeology, shoe fashion history Calceology (from Latin calcei " shoes (/wiki/Shoes) " and -λογία , -logiā , " -logy (/wiki/-logy) ") is the study of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , especially historical (/wiki/Historical) footwear whether as archaeology (/wiki/Archaeology) , shoe fashion history (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) , or otherwise. It is not yet formally recognized as a field of research. Calceology comprises the examination, registration, research and conservation of leather shoe (/wiki/Shoe) fragments. [1] (#cite_note-1) A wider definition includes the general study of the ancient footwear, its social and cultural history, technical aspects of pre-industrial shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) and associated leather trades, as well as reconstruction of archaeological footwear. History of calceology [ edit ] Among the early studies of footwear from European archaeological excavations, Roman (/wiki/Roman_Empire) period footwear figures prominently, [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) followed by medieval period (/wiki/Middle_Ages) finds. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Scientifically based research was first applied to Roman period finds [6] (#cite_note-6) and later for prehistoric (/wiki/Prehistory) and primitive footwear. [7] (#cite_note-7) With the development of the Goubitz notation system, the technical aspects of the recovered shoe fragments could be clearly presented, allowing researchers a coherent scientific base for leather (/wiki/Leather) artifact (/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)) documentation and correct interpretation. [8] (#cite_note-8) The interest in the history of ancient shoe fashion (/wiki/Fashion) starts in the 17th century. [9] (#cite_note-9) The interpretation of historical socio-cultural attributes shows the importance of footwear in an archaeological context. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) The reference book for calceological studies covers the chronological (/wiki/Chronology) span from European prehistory (Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages), Roman period, the Middle Ages to the 19th century. [13] (#cite_note-13) Calceological studies outside of Europe address post-1600 sites on the east coast and bays of North America, [14] (#cite_note-14) and the North African (/wiki/North_Africa) sites associated with the Egyptian (/wiki/Egypt) , Roman and Coptic periods (/wiki/Coptic_period) . Methods [ edit ] Preservation [ edit ] Archaeological leather artifacts are preserved in stable environments, either in constantly humid (/wiki/Humid) , dry (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dry) or frozen (/wiki/Freezing) sites. Peat bogs also preserve leather and skin artifacts, but through a re-tanning process. [15] (#cite_note-15) Water-logged archaeological sites provide the necessary conditions for the preservation of vegetable tanned leather. As an organic material, water-logged archaeological leather needs to be stabilized by an appropriate conservation method. [16] (#cite_note-16) Dry conditions may be found in deserts (/wiki/Desert) and at high altitudes but also within the walls of medieval and later period buildings where leather shoes were concealed (/wiki/Concealed_shoes) for superstitious reasons. [17] (#cite_note-17) Ice fields, tundra and glaciers can occasionally preserve ancient leather artifacts through constant freezing. [18] (#cite_note-18) Examination of archaeological shoe finds [ edit ] Water-logged finds generally consist of loose components since the threads (/wiki/Thread_(yarn)) used to sew (/wiki/Sew) the objects together does not survive humid burial (/wiki/Burial) . A tracking system should be used for keeping the loose components in order throughout the analysis (/wiki/Analysis) and conservation (/wiki/Conservation-restoration) processes. For wet archaeological leather, the first step is cleaning gently in water with a small soft brush (/wiki/Brush) . Conservation is preferably performed after the documentation (/wiki/Document) phase. Documentation consists of drawings (/wiki/Drawing) and written notes, photographic (/wiki/Photograph) records are less useful since blackish leather does not show fine detail well. The first step for the Goubitz notation registration is an exact tracing of the fragment’s outline, usually positioned grain side down, flesh side up. Then symbols (/wiki/Symbol) that indicate the type of stitches (/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)) and seams are drawn in their appropriate place inside the outline. [19] (#cite_note-19) Sole (/wiki/Sole_(shoe)) constructions (the way in which the upper parts of the shoe is fixed to the sole), [20] (#cite_note-20) fastening method (/wiki/Fastener) and ensembles of components from the same shoe as well as animal (/wiki/Animal) type, leather thickness, folds and creases should be noted. If present, decoration type and technique used should also be recorded. [21] (#cite_note-21) Most archaeological recovered leather artifacts are parts of footwear and may be combined with wood (/wiki/Wood) , fibre (/wiki/Fibre) or metal (/wiki/Metal) parts. The technical details such as shoe construction technique, fastening method and fashion elements are used to establish a typology (/wiki/Typology_(archaeology)) for a specific find group. Shoe type indicates the kinds of footwear such as boots (/wiki/Boot) , shoes, pattens, overshoes, etcetera. Shoe style is the consistent combination of a fastening method, height, fashion and decoration elements on a significant quantity of recovered shoes. Style nomenclature based on find place's name has been partly established for Roman period finds. [22] (#cite_note-22) Due to changes in fashion and the fact that shoes have a limited life span (/wiki/Service_life) due to use, footwear is a chronologically sensitive material excavation and represents a closely dated chronological source for archeology. The find context, stratigraphic placement and other dating methods (/wiki/Dating_methodology_(archaeology)) contribute to establishing a specific chronology. Further research for comparative parallel examples among the existing archaeological archives (collections, publications, reports) helps to define a relative chronology for the shoe types and styles. See also [ edit ] Main article: Outline of archaeology (/wiki/Outline_of_archaeology) Taphonomy (/wiki/Taphonomy) Anthropology (/wiki/Anthropology) Paleontology (/wiki/Paleontology) Bata Shoe Museum (/wiki/Bata_Shoe_Museum) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) O. Goubitz “Calceology: a new hobby: the drawing and recording of archaeological footwear.” Recent Research in Archaeological Footwear, Association of Archaeological Illustrators and Surveyors, Technical Paper No. 8, 1987, pp. 1–28 ^ (#cite_ref-2) L. Lindenschmit, Die Alterthümer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit Band 4, Römisch-Geranisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 1900 ^ (#cite_ref-3) J. Curle, A Roman Frontier Post and its People Glasgow 1910 ^ (#cite_ref-4) R. Blomqvist, "Medeltida Skor i Lund" (Medieval Shoes from Lund), Kulturen 1938, pp. 189–219 ^ (#cite_ref-5) A. Gansser-Burckhardt, "Die frühzeitliche Handwerkersiedelung am Petersberg in Basel, Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Archaeologie und Kunstgeschichte 1940, pp.10–29 ^ (#cite_ref-6) W. Groenman-van Waateringe, Romeins lederwerk uit Valkenburg Z.H. Groningen 1967 ^ (#cite_ref-7) M. Hald, Primitive Shoes Copenhagen 1972. ^ (#cite_ref-8) O. Goubitz, 'The Drawing and Registration of Archaeological Footwear', Studies in Conservation , Volume 29, Number 4, 1984, pp. 187–196 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Balsuinius, B., Nigronius, Jul.De Calceo Antiquo, De Caliga Veterum, Amsterdam 1667 ^ (#cite_ref-10) W. Groenman-van Waateringe, "Society ... rests on leather", Rotterdam Papers II, A contribution to medieval archeology , Rotterdam 1975, pp.23–34 ^ (#cite_ref-11) F. Grew / M. de Neergard, Shoes and Pattens London 1988 ^ (#cite_ref-12) C. van Driel-Murray (/wiki/Carol_van_Driel-Murray) , "And did those feet in ancient time ... Feet and shoes as a material projection of the self" (https://traj.openlibhums.org/articles/abstract/10.16995/TRAC1998_131_140/) , TRAC 98. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Leicester Oxford, 1999, pp. 131–140 doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.16995/TRAC1998_131_140 (https://doi.org/10.16995%2FTRAC1998_131_140) ^ (#cite_ref-13) O. Goubitz / C. van Driel-Murray / W. Groenman-van Waateringe, Stepping Through Time , Zwolle, 2001 ^ (#cite_ref-14) S. Davis, "Piecing together the past: footwear and other artefacts from the wreck of a 16th-century Spanish Basque galleon", Artefacts from Wrecks, dated assemblages from the Late Middle Ages to the Industrial revolution Exeter, 1997, pp.111–120 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Painter, T. J., “Chemical and Microbiological Aspects of the Preservation Process in Spagnum Peat”, in Turner, R.C., Scaife, R. G., Bog Bodies, New Discoveries and New Perspectives, British Museum Press, London, 1995, 88–99. ^ (#cite_ref-16) E. Cameron / J. Spriggs / B. Wills, "The conservation of archaeological leather.", Conservation of Leather , Oxford, 2006, pp. 244–261 ^ (#cite_ref-17) Swann, J., 'Shoes Concealed in Buildings', Costume Society Journal , No. 30, 1996, pp. 56–69 ^ (#cite_ref-18) W. Groenman-van Waateringe /R. Goedecker-Ciolek, "The equipment made of hide and leather", Der Mann im Eis Band 1, Innsbruck, 1992, pp. 410–418 ^ (#cite_ref-19) O. Goubitz, Stepping Through Time , Zwolle, 2001. pp. 35–40. ^ (#cite_ref-20) O. Goubitz, Stepping Through Time , Zwolle, 2001, p. 91–98. ^ (#cite_ref-21) O. Goubitz, Stepping Through Time , Zwolle, 2001, p. 41–55. ^ (#cite_ref-22) C. van Driel-Murray, 'Footwear in the North-Western Provinces of the Roman Empire', Stepping Through Time , Zwolle, 2001, pp. 362–327. v t e Archaeology (/wiki/Archaeology) History (/wiki/History_of_archaeology) Archaeological sites (/wiki/Archaeological_site) Antiquarianism (/wiki/Antiquarian) Johann Joachim Winckelmann (/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann) Richard Hoare (/wiki/Sir_Richard_Hoare,_2nd_Baronet) Heinrich Schliemann (/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann) Arthur Evans (/wiki/Arthur_Evans) John Lloyd Stephens (/wiki/John_Lloyd_Stephens) William Henry Holmes (/wiki/William_Henry_Holmes) Augustus Pitt Rivers (/wiki/Augustus_Pitt_Rivers) Flinders Petrie (/wiki/Flinders_Petrie) Mortimer Wheeler (/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler) Dorothy Garrod (/wiki/Dorothy_Garrod) Max Uhle (/wiki/Max_Uhle) Alfred V. 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Belarus-American fashion designer Dmitry Sholokhov Born ( 1980-02-23 ) February 23, 1980 (age 44) Belarusian SSR (/wiki/Belarusian_SSR) Citizenship United States Education Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) Occupation Fashion Designer Label Dmitry Sholokhov Height 6’1” Website dmitrysholokhov (https://dmitrysholokhov.com/) .com (https://dmitrysholokhov.com/) Dmitry Sholokhov (born Dzmitry Sholakhau , February 23, 1980) is a Belarus (/wiki/Belarus) -American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) , instructor, and reality television contestant, best known as the winner of season ten (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_10)) of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) and season four (/wiki/Project_Runway:_All_Stars_(season_4)) of Project Runway: All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway:_All_Stars) . Early life [ edit ] Sholokhov was born in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic) on February 23, 1980. His mother was a physician and his father was an architect, both of Lithuanian (/wiki/Lithuania) descent. He was a professional ballroom dancer (/wiki/Ballroom_dance) as a teenager. [1] (#cite_note-1) He moved to New York City at the age of eighteen, and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in fashion design from Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Sholokhov had worked for several design companies, including The Jones Group (/wiki/The_Jones_Group) , before trying out for and winning the tenth season (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_10)) of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) in 2012. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) He won the fourth season of Project Runway: All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway:_All_Stars) in 2015. [5] (#cite_note-5) He then worked as an instructor at Parsons School of Design. He is also a founder and a creative director of his fashion label Dmitry Sholokhov. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2019, Sholokhov competed in Season 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_(season_7)) of Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) , which featured a cast of previous winners only from around the globe. He was the runner-up of the season. [7] (#cite_note-7) In October 2019, Metropolitan Fashion Week awarded Sholokhov its Fashion Designer of the Year Award. [8] (#cite_note-8) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Year Title Season Role Position 2012 Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Season 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_10)) Contestant Winner 2014-15 Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) Season 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_(season_4)) Winner 2019 Season 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_(season_7)) Runner-up References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Chan, Anna. " (http://www.today.com/popculture/project-runway-winner-heidi-klum-took-half-my-collection-1C6572504) 'Project Runway' winner: Heidi Klum 'took half of my collection' (http://www.today.com/popculture/project-runway-winner-heidi-klum-took-half-my-collection-1C6572504) " (http://www.today.com/popculture/project-runway-winner-heidi-klum-took-half-my-collection-1C6572504) . Today . Retrieved 12 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About \| Dmitry Sholokhov" (http://dmitrysholokhov.com/about) . dmitrysholokhov.com . Retrieved 2020-02-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Nordyke, Kimberly (19 October 2012). "Project Runway': Dmitry Sholokhov Reveals Why His Win Was 'Bittersweet' (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fash-track/project-runway-winner-dmitry-sholokhov-381322) " (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fash-track/project-runway-winner-dmitry-sholokhov-381322) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 12 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) 'Project Runway': Dimitry Sholokhov reveals why his win was 'bittersweet' (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fash-track/project-runway-winner-dmitry-sholokhov-381322) The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) , October 19, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Project Runway All Stars winner: Twice is nice (http://www.ew.com/article/2015/02/13/project-runway-all-stars-winner-twice-nice) , Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) , February 13, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bailey, Kindra. "Dmitry Sholokhov: I Would Love To Dress Jennifer Lawrence & Angelina Jolie" (http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/04/02/project-runway-dmitry-sholokhov-interview-jennifer-lawrence-angelina-jolie-podcast/) . Hollywood Life . Retrieved 12 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Watch All Stars Goes Global Full Episode - Project Runway All Stars - Lifetime" (http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway-all-stars/season-7/episode-1) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "2019 Metropolitan Fashion Week Announces Metropolitan Fashion Awar Winner! LA City Hall on 10/5 \| LA-Story.com" (https://la-story.com/2019/10/2019-metropolitan-fashion-week-announces-metropolitcan-fashion-awar-winner-la-city-hall-on-10-5/) . Retrieved 2020-02-05 . External links [ edit ] Dmitry Sholokhov - Official Website (http://dmitrysholokhov.com/) Dmitry Sholokhov (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5220389/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Preceded by Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) Project Runway winner (/wiki/Project_Runway) Dmitry Sholokhov Succeeded by Michelle Lesniak Franklin (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_11)) v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) 11 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_11) 12 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_12) 13 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_13) 14 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_14) 15 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_15) 16 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Defunct British fashion company Belen Echandia Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) Founded 2005 [1] (#cite_note-companies_house-1) Founder Jackie Cawthra (Founder & Creative Director) Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) Area served Worldwide Products Handbags (/wiki/Handbags) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) Website www.belenechandia.com (http://www.belenechandia.com) Belen Echandia was a handbag (/wiki/Handbags) and fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) design and manufacturing company. It was incorporated in 2005 [1] (#cite_note-companies_house-1) and is based in London, England (/wiki/London,_England) . [2] (#cite_note-clutch-2) [3] (#cite_note-swede-3) Belen Echandia produces leather handbags, travel bags, wallets, clutch purses, [2] (#cite_note-clutch-2) and accessories for women. History [ edit ] Belen Echandia was founded by Jackie Cawthra, whilst she was training to be a lawyer. [3] (#cite_note-swede-3) [4] (#cite_note-witchalls-4) Jackie says her idea came after experiencing a difference between Spain (/wiki/Spain) and London (/wiki/London) in the supply of luxury handbags. [5] (#cite_note-jackie-5) In 2004, Cawthra states she left the law practice [6] (#cite_note-6) to work solely on Belen Echandia. [5] (#cite_note-jackie-5) Jackie Cawtha states that Belen Echandia was chosen as a Spanish girl’s name which reflects the brand’s Spanish origins. [7] (#cite_note-Glouberman-7) Products [ edit ] In an interview for Hilary Fashion Jackie Cawthra says the company has been offering handbag collections since 2004. [7] (#cite_note-Glouberman-7) The names of the bags being said to be based on customer comments. [8] (#cite_note-Roe-8) Retailers that sell Belen Echandia products include Harvey Nichols (/wiki/Harvey_Nichols) in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-Milligan-10) Belen Echandia also launched a service on their website in 2009 where customers could design their own handbag. [10] (#cite_note-Milligan-10) The BEC service that allowed customers to customise their handbags was discontinued in 2012. In 2007, to mark Belen Echandia's introduction to London Fashion Week, Belen Echandia collaborated with Canadian leather artist Vivien Cheng, who hand-painted a one-off collection of six bags. [11] (#cite_note-Barnett-11) In the media [ edit ] In September 2005, as part of London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , Belen Echandia was featured as part of the CNN (/wiki/CNN) program Design 360 [ citation needed ] presented by Dayna Hochfelder (/w/index.php?title=Dayna_Hochfelder&action=edit&redlink=1) . Belen Echandia has been mentioned in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , [8] (#cite_note-Roe-8) [10] (#cite_note-Milligan-10) [11] (#cite_note-Barnett-11) Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) [12] (#cite_note-12) and The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b http://wck2.companieshouse.gov.uk/9cb267c6804afca75b59b3df0848ecca/compdetails (http://wck2.companieshouse.gov.uk/9cb267c6804afca75b59b3df0848ecca/compdetails) Companies house entry ^ Jump up to: a b Muir, Lucie (7 November 2008). "The clutch, in the light of day" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/17/style/17iht-rclutch.4.10114321.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 15 November 2010 . Thanks to a whole slew of designers - from Yves Saint Laurent to Sonia Rykiel and Michael Teperson to Belen Echandia - the clutch purse is moving from an evening standard to seeing the light of day. ... The London-based handbag label Belen Echandia is offering the "Clutch Me" envelope style. According to its creative director, Jackie Cawthra, this soft, ... ^ Jump up to: a b Parafianowicz, Lydia (24 June 2009). "English designer carries handbag brand to Sweden" (http://www.thelocal.se/20252/20090624/) . The Local (/wiki/The_Local) . Cawthra, 30, is the founder and creative director of Belen Enchandia, a small company that has quickly made a major name for itself in the high fashion world of handbag production. ... Cawthra, who was born in northern England, says a trip to Madrid sparked her dream to start the company. After finishing her undergraduate degree in law, she applied for a job at a firm in Spain to gain work experience before starting law school. ... ^ (#cite_ref-witchalls_4-0) Witchalls, Clint (January 2009). "Bags of Money, Bags of Style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110905074443/http://www.belenechandia.com/data/pdf_files/Spectator_Business_Jan_small.pdf) (PDF) . Spectator Business. Archived from the original (http://www.belenechandia.com/data/pdf_files/Spectator_Business_Jan_small.pdf) (PDF) on 5 September 2011 . Retrieved 6 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Belen Echandia by Jackie Cawthra" (http://www.handbagdesigner101.com/designer/18/belen_echandia_cawthra_jackie) . Handbagdesigner101.com. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Handbags for ex-Dentons lawyer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100721033908/http://www.moretolaw.co.uk/morethanlaw/handbagsforDentonslawyer.php) . MoretoLaw. Archived from the original (http://www.moretolaw.co.uk/morethanlaw/handbagsforDentonslawyer.php) on 21 July 2010 . Retrieved 10 November 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Glouberman, Noa. "Belen Echandia: Bags by Jackie Cawthra" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060323030543/http://www.hilary.com/fashion/belen-echandia.html) . Hilary Fashion. Archived from the original (http://www.hilary.com/fashion/belen-echandia.html) on 23 March 2006. ^ Jump up to: a b Roe, Louise. "Take Me Anywhere and Stroke Me - we're still loving Jackie Cawthra's Belen Echandia handbags" (https://archive.today/20130505165256/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2007-04/070426-some-echandia-evening.aspx) . Vogue UK. Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2007-04/070426-some-echandia-evening.aspx) on 5 May 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Pyle, Ally. "Belen Echandia make-up bag" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081204143155/http://www.vogue.co.uk/beauty/news/080416-belen-echandia-angel-makeup-bag.aspx) . Vogue UK. Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/beauty/news/080416-belen-echandia-angel-makeup-bag.aspx) on 4 December 2008 . Retrieved 10 November 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Milligan, Lauren. "Couture It Yourself" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090531090608/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/090430-belen-echandia-launches-a-bespoke-s.aspx) . Vogue UK. Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/090430-belen-echandia-launches-a-bespoke-s.aspx) on 31 May 2009 . Retrieved 6 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to: a b Barnett, Leisa. "The Echandia Allure" (https://archive.today/20130505094341/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2007-10/071005-the-echandia-allure.aspx) . Vogue UK. Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2007-10/071005-the-echandia-allure.aspx) on 5 May 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Harper's Bazaar, January 2008, p. 122. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Luu, Phong (3 November 2010). "I Spied Belen Echandia Nutmeg Inspire Me" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/ispied/TMG989/nutmeg-inspire-me.html) . London: Telegraph. External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.belenechandia.com) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐dk8w7 Cached time: 20240713193217 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.348 seconds Real time usage: 0.736 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1942/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30073/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1929/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46718/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.211/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6755110/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 420.566 1 -total 36.53% 153.630 1 Template:Reflist 24.52% 103.129 1 Template:Infobox_company 22.11% 93.002 1 Template:Infobox 22.11% 92.983 3 Template:Cite_news 16.53% 69.518 1 Template:Short_description 11.01% 46.315 1 Template:Citation_needed 10.25% 43.104 1 Template:Fix 9.37% 39.415 8 Template:Cite_web 9.33% 39.223 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29550074-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713193217 and revision id 1114627927. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6464cf4f7‐fnqkk Cached time: 20240707050339 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71597159-0!canonical and timestamp 20240707050339 and revision id 1106576283. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Films about fashion in France" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Chic! (/wiki/Chic!) Coco Before Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Before_Chanel) F Fashions of 1934 (/wiki/Fashions_of_1934) Funny Face (/wiki/Funny_Face) L Lovely to Look At (/wiki/Lovely_to_Look_At) M Mannequins of Paris (/wiki/Mannequins_of_Paris) Mrs. Harris Goes to Paris (/wiki/Mrs._Harris_Goes_to_Paris) N A New Kind of Love (/wiki/A_New_Kind_of_Love) P Personal Shopper (/wiki/Personal_Shopper) Prêt-à-Porter (film) (/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-Porter_(film)) S Saint Laurent (film) (/wiki/Saint_Laurent_(film)) W Wonder Boy (2019 film) (/wiki/Wonder_Boy_(2019_film)) Y Yves Saint Laurent (film) (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(film)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Films_about_fashion_in_France&oldid=1106576283 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Films_about_fashion_in_France&oldid=1106576283) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Films about fashion (/wiki/Category:Films_about_fashion) French fashion (/wiki/Category:French_fashion) French films by topic (/wiki/Category:French_films_by_topic)
Azerbaijani couture label Sophie Couture Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_industry) Founder Gunel Babayeva Headquarters Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Azerbaijan Area served Worldwide Products Silhouettes (/wiki/Silhouette) , bridal gowns (/wiki/Bridal_gown) , and evening gowns (/wiki/Evening_gown) Website sophiecouture (https://sophiecouture.com/) .com (https://sophiecouture.com/) Sophie Couture is a couture label (/wiki/Haute_couture) founded by Gunel Babayeva, an Azerbaijani fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . [1] (#cite_note-gulf-1) [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) Sophie Couture is noted for their silhouettes (/wiki/Silhouette) , bridal gowns (/wiki/Bridal_gown) , and evening gowns (/wiki/Evening_gown) . [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) History [ edit ] Sophie Couture was founded in 2015 in Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijan) by Gunel Babayeva, with a focus on designing evening and bridal wear. [1] (#cite_note-gulf-1) [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) Gunel Babayeva's early sewing experiences under her grandmother's guidance, coupled with an interest in fashion and design, fueled her vision. [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) After earning a degree in economics and starting a family, she chose to pursue her career in fashion. Since its inception, Sophie Couture, has been recognized for its detail-oriented designs. [3] (#cite_note-3) She named it after her first child, Sophia. [1] (#cite_note-gulf-1) Design process [ edit ] Sophie Couture's fashion collections amalgamate contemporary designs and trends (/wiki/Fashion_trend) , varied color palettes (/wiki/Palette_(painting)) , and high-grade fabrics (/wiki/Fabric) . [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) Sophie Couture prioritizes the selection of materials, the application of advanced knitting (/wiki/Knitting) techniques, and the inclusion of detailed embroideries (/wiki/Embroidery) and beadwork (/wiki/Beadwork) . [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) It uses various materials during its production process such as silk (/wiki/Silk) , lace (/wiki/Lace) , and tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) . [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) All pieces are handcrafted within its own workshops (/wiki/Workshop) , leading to the production of individualized attire. [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) Recognition [ edit ] Sophie Couture is recognized in the fashion industry for its contributions to the evening and bridal gowns. It has been recognized in multiple publications and has been worn by celebrities such as Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai_Bachchan) , [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) , [6] (#cite_note-6) Mickey Guyton (/wiki/Mickey_Guyton) , [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Zuri Hall (/wiki/Zuri_Hall) , [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Coco Jones (/wiki/Coco_Jones) , [11] (#cite_note-11) Hina Khan (/wiki/Hina_Khan) , [12] (#cite_note-12) Ani Lorak (/wiki/Ani_Lorak) [13] (#cite_note-13) Holly Willoughby (/wiki/Holly_Willoughby) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Michelle Salas, [15] (#cite_note-15) and Regina Todorenko (/wiki/Regina_Todorenko) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Sophie Couture has also been showcased in fashion shows and events such as Arab Fashion Week (/wiki/Arab_Fashion_Council) , the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) , among others, held in cities such as Baku (/wiki/Baku) , Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) , and Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , further increasing its recognition in the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) . [2] (#cite_note-elle-2) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Vibrant colours, intricate design and handcrafted gowns make an impact" (https://www.pressreader.com/bahrain/gulf-today/20190819/282076278515980) . Gulf Today (/wiki/Gulf_Today) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "حوار شيّق مع مصممة دار "صوفي كوتور" (https://ellearabia.com/حوار-شيّق-مع-مصممة-دار-صوفي-كوتور) " (https://ellearabia.com/حوار-شيّق-مع-مصممة-دار-صوفي-كوتور) . Elle Arabia (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Interview with Gunel Babayeva - Founder of Sophie Couture" (https://www.lofficielmonaco.com/fashion/interview-with-gunel-babayeva-founder-of-sophie-couture) . L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cannes 2023: Still Can't Get Over Aishwarya Rai Bachchan's Silver Dress? See The Original Here" (https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/cannes-2023-still-cant-get-over-aishwarya-rai-bachchans-silver-dress-see-the-original-here-4047399) . NDTV.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Cannes 2023: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan stuns in silver Sophie Couture gown" (https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cannes-2023-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-stuns-in-silver-sophie-couture-gown/article66869213.ece) . May 19, 2023 – via www.thehindu.com. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "See All the Looks From the Final Day of the Cannes Film Festival Red Carpet" (https://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/cannes-film-festival-best-red-carpet-fashion-2023) . W Magazine . May 27, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Amerikos muzikos apdovanojimų stilius: laurus už įvaizdžius susižėrė Cardi B" (https://www.lofficiel.lt/popkultura/amas) . L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Fernandez, Celia. "The most daring looks celebrities wore to the 2021 American Music Awards" (https://www.insider.com/american-music-awards-celebrity-daring-looks-2021-11) . Insider . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Oscars 2022: All the best looks from the star-studded red carpet" (https://www.voguescandinavia.com/slideshow/oscars-2022-all-the-best-looks-from-the-star-studded-red-carpet/153) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Los vestidos más elegantes de los Oscar 2022 ¡y que amaríamos llevar!" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/oscars-2022-red-carpet-best-dressed) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . March 28, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Attendee outfits do not disappoint at the 24th Costume Designers Guild Awards" (https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/attendee-outfits-do-not-disappoint-at-the-24th-costume-designers-guild-awards-41430380.html) . Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Askinasi, Amanda Krause, Rachel. "The best and most daring looks celebrities wore at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival" (https://www.insider.com/best-and-daring-celebrity-cannes-outfits-2022-5) . Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Разбор нарядов селебрити" (https://www.spletnik.ru/blogs/pro_zvezd/190339_what-they-wear-razbor-naryadov-selebriti) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Evans, Alex (March 27, 2022). "Dancing On Ice Holly's dress stuns but viewers complain about announcement" (https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/news/tv/dancing-ice-holly-willoughby-dress-23515546) . Yorkshire Live (/wiki/Yorkshire_Live) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Michelle Salas es la mexicana mejor vestida de Cannes con un vestido de princesa" (https://www.vogue.mx/alfombra-roja/articulo/michelle-salas-con-vestido-brillante-sophie-couture-en-cannes-2022) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . May 23, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Киоск Плюс" (https://kioskplus.ru/article/86655) . kioskplus.ru . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Arab Fashion Week: The shows and designers coming to Dubai this month" (https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/fashion/arab-fashion-week-the-shows-and-designers-coming-to-dubai-this-month-1.919792) . The National (/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)) . October 6, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Indian divas turn heads at Cannes" (http://tribune.com.pk/story/2357664/summer-shades-and-feather-weather-indian-divas-turn-heads-at-cannes) . The Express Tribune (/wiki/The_Express_Tribune) . May 21, 2022. 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Felicity Green OBE (/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (born 26 June 1926) [1] (#cite_note-1) is a British fashion journalist and former newspaper executive. Early life and career [ edit ] Green was born in June 1926 and raised in Dagenham, Essex in rooms above a bike shop. [2] (#cite_note-Greenslade2013-2) From an impoverished Jewish background, Green's father ran a local shoe shop while her mother, though deaf, was the more formidable parent. [3] (#cite_note-Whitehorn1978-3) Her father was cruel to her mother, although Green, their only child, attempted to control his behaviour. She did share a love of the cinema with him, and they saw two double features together each Thursday. From the movies, Green acquired her interest in glamour and fashion. [4] (#cite_note-Murphy-4) Initially a short hand typist and secretary at Woman & Beauty in the 1940s, she was promoted to fashion editor within two years. [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph2011-5) [6] (#cite_note-Krieger-6) [7] (#cite_note-Greenslade367-7) After this she joined Housewife , where she assumed the same post, and then W.S. Crawford (/wiki/Crawford%27s_Advertising_Agency) , the advertising agency, for a time. [8] (#cite_note-8) Mirror Group journalist [ edit ] In 1955, Hugh Cudlipp (/wiki/Hugh_Cudlipp) asked Green's opinion of Woman's Sunday Mirror , a publication for which he was responsible. Following a severe analysis, she was hired as Fleet Street's first female associate editor. [7] (#cite_note-Greenslade367-7) The title was short-lived, being folded into Woman (/wiki/Woman_(UK_magazine)) magazine. Green moved on to the Sunday Pictorial (as the Sunday Mirror (/wiki/Sunday_Mirror) was then named) in 1959 filling the same post as before. [7] (#cite_note-Greenslade367-7) [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph2011-5) Since 1955, her immediate boss had been Lee Howard (/wiki/Lee_Howard_(journalist)) , and she became associate editor of the Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) in 1961 when Howard was appointed as the newspaper's editor. [7] (#cite_note-Greenslade367-7) Green recalled her new colleagues response to her: "They were all being as helpfully 'feminine' as they could, which was the last thing I wanted. My plan was to make the pages interesting to men, too." [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph2011-5) Her responsibilities included women's editor, and to promote the interests of women in all areas of the newspaper's activities. [9] (#cite_note-VandA-9) Her writing for the paper included fashion, although Green wrote in 2011 that she is really more interested in style, and admitted to modelling herself on film star Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) . [10] (#cite_note-10) For including the miniskirts of Mary Quant (/wiki/Mary_Quant) in the Mirror , Green was effectively threatened with the sack by Cecil King (/wiki/Cecil_Harmsworth_King) , then chairman of the International Publishing Corporation (/wiki/Time_Inc._UK) , of which the Mirror Group of Newspapers was a part. [9] (#cite_note-VandA-9) Cudlipp, by then chairman of the Mirror Group, supported her. According to Roy Greenslade (/wiki/Roy_Greenslade) , Cuidlipp told Green in December 1964: "I don't understand what you're doing but I trust you. So I've decided to give you the front and back pages of the Mirror to tell our readers what the Swinging 60s are all about." [11] (#cite_note-Greenslade2014-11) Sex, Sense and Nonsense , published in November 2014, is Green's anthology of her 1960s work for the Daily Mirror . [11] (#cite_note-Greenslade2014-11) Executive posts and later career [ edit ] Green feels she retained a distance as a journalist and avoided being fully absorbed into the fashion industry. "Fashion is not a bloody religion, as most fashion editors seem to think it is," she told Anna Murphy of The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) in 2014. "There is a difference between fashion and clothes. One is the real stuff, which is the clothes. Then there is fashion, which is some kind of mesmeric stuff out there that persuades the world to go in certain directions rather mysteriously. It's all big business. And I'd rather people spent money on clothes than arms." [4] (#cite_note-Murphy-4) Later Green became executive women's editor across the three Mirror titles, and in 1973, the group's publicity director. She joined the newspaper's board, the first woman to achieve such a position, [6] (#cite_note-Krieger-6) at this point. Green had some initial trouble, as the only woman, using the directors' lift. She felt it was impossible to inform some wholesalers who objected that she was indeed so entitled. "You can't", she told Katharine Whitehorn (/wiki/Katharine_Whitehorn) for a 1978 article, "when you are five foot one and a half." [3] (#cite_note-Whitehorn1978-3) She survived at the Mirror so long "by being nice to people. Don't start arguments. People can either help or hinder you. Well, you are an idiot if you cause them to hinder you. So I'm very tactful - if you are tactful people are always ready to help you." In 1978 she resigned after discovering that a new male journalist had been appointed to the board at £30,000, more than twice her own salary of £14,000. [2] (#cite_note-Greenslade2013-2) "Apparently, I was supposed to be honoured simply to be a director", she observed years later. [5] (#cite_note-Telegraph2011-5) Meanwhile, in December 1977, Green joined Vidal Sassoon (/wiki/Vidal_Sassoon) as managing director of operations in Europe and Executive Vice-President of the American company. [3] (#cite_note-Whitehorn1978-3) Later she advised the board of the Telegraph and worked for the M&S ( Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) ) magazine, which included interviewing Margaret Thatcher (/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher) about her fashion interests. [12] (#cite_note-Short-12) In the early 1990s Green was a senior lecturer in fashion journalism at the Central St. Martins College of Art and Design (/wiki/Central_St._Martins_College_of_Art_and_Design) . [2] (#cite_note-Greenslade2013-2) Personal life and honours [ edit ] Green married the cigar importer Geoffrey Hill around 1952; the couple remained married until Hill died in 1992. [12] (#cite_note-Short-12) She received the OBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) in the Queen's 2012 Birthday Honours (/wiki/2012_Birthday_Honours) for services to journalism. [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Who's Who 2021: Green, Felicity, (Mrs Geoffrey Hill) (https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-281218?rskey=S9Mtwx&result=1) ^ Jump up to: a b c Greenslade, Roy (13 February 2013). "Why Felicity Green, Fleet Street's first lady, quit the Mirror board" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/feb/13/women-national-newspapers) . The Guardian . ^ Jump up to: a b c Whitehorn, Katharine (4 January 1978), "The Little Lady is Walking Tall" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19780104&id=_O5UAAAAIBAJ&pg=5360,472976) , The Age , Melbourne, p. 11 ^ Jump up to: a b Murphy, Anna (2 November 2014). "Felicity Green: the fashion journalist made in Dagenham and revered on Fleet Street" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141111080011/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG11192270/Felicity-Green-the-fashion-journalist-made-in-Dagenham-and-revered-on-Fleet-Street.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG11192270/Felicity-Green-the-fashion-journalist-made-in-Dagenham-and-revered-on-Fleet-Street.html) on 11 November 2014 . Retrieved 14 November 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kendall, Paul; Williamson, Charlotte; Holehouse, Matthew (17 July 2011). "Ambition used to be considered unfeminine" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/8642502/Ambition-used-to-be-considered-unfeminine.html) . The Sunday Telegraph . Retrieved 8 October 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Krieger, Candice (15 October 2009). "Felicity Green returns to fashion journalism at the age of 83" (http://www.thejc.com/news/people/20945/felicity-green-returns-fashion-journalism-age-83) . The Jewish Chronicle . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Greenslade, Roy (2004). Press Gang: How Newspapers Make Profits From Propaganda . London: Pan. p. 367. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780330393768 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Felicity Green on Women and Media" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129134141/http://www.thembsgroup.co.uk/inspiration/felicity_green_on_women_and_media) . The MBS Group. 22 July 2011. Archived from the original (https://www.thembsgroup.co.uk/inspiration/felicity_green_on_women_and_media) on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 26 June 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Interview with Felicity Green" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/i/felicity-green/) . Victoria & Albert Museum. March 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Green, Felicity (13 November 2011). "How to get stylish" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2011/nov/13/style-felicity-green-audrey-hepburn?guni=Article:in%20body%20link) . The Observer . ^ Jump up to: a b Greenslade, Roy (14 November 2014). "How Felicity Green shaped the Daily Mirror - and Britain - in the 1960s" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/nov/14/daily-mirror-national-newspapers) . The Guardian . ^ Jump up to: a b Short, Steve (March 2011). "First Lady" (http://issuu.com/runwildmedia/docs/vantage_march_11_sjw) . Vantage (St John's Wood ed.). pp. 10–11. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Jackman, Josh (20 June 2012). "Pioneer journalist's 'delight' at OBE" (http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/69038/pioneer-journalists-delight-obe) . The Jewish Chronicle . External links [ edit ] "Felicity Green on Desert Island Discs (April 2011)" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b010dfh1) . BBC Radio 4. 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For other uses, see Tempest (/wiki/Tempest_(disambiguation)) . Internet media and entertainment company The Tempest, Inc. Type of site Media and Entertainment [1] (#cite_note-cosmo-42016-1) Headquarters Austin, TX , U.S. [2] (#cite_note-2) Founder(s) (/wiki/Organizational_founder) Laila Alawa (/wiki/Laila_Alawa) , Mashal Waqar [1] (#cite_note-cosmo-42016-1) Key people Laila Alawa (/wiki/Laila_Alawa) (Founder & CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Mashal Waqar (Co-founder) Lauren McEwen ( CFO (/wiki/Chief_Financial_Officer) ) Arsh Khan ( COO (/wiki/Chief_Operations_Officer) ) URL thetempest (http://thetempest.co) .co (http://thetempest.co) Launched Spring 2016 Current status Inactive The Tempest was an American multinational digital media (/wiki/Digital_media) and entertainment (/wiki/Entertainment) company for women and non-binary (/wiki/Non-binary) individuals that was founded in 2016 by Laila Alawa (/wiki/Laila_Alawa) . [3] (#cite_note-cnn-3) [4] (#cite_note-dc-inno-4) Their purpose was to serve as "the destination for diverse women to share, inspire, and celebrate life through storytelling, experiences, and a global community." [5] (#cite_note-growth-5) It was owned by The Tempest, Inc. The site has been inactive since October 2021 and the domain is inoperable. History [ edit ] The Tempest was founded by Laila Alawa (CEO) in 2016. [3] (#cite_note-cnn-3) Alawa had worked at the White House (/wiki/White_House) and Congress (/wiki/United_States_Congress) for three years prior but left to found the new company. In 2017, Alawa tapped Mashal Waqar to join the company as her co-founder. [6] (#cite_note-Bloomberg-6) The name of the website alludes to the disruption that diverse storytelling by women brings to the world. [7] (#cite_note-7) As of 2021, Cheddar (/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)) reported that The Tempest reaches an audience of over 10 million globally. [8] (#cite_note-cheddar-8) In 2020, it surpassed 8 million monthly visitors. [3] (#cite_note-cnn-3) The Tempest's increasing global popularity among young women is attributed in part to its young staff. Writers are advised to write about stories that interest them; this can range from international politics and up-and-coming beauty influencers to technology and cultural experiences. [3] (#cite_note-cnn-3) On December 22, 2020, The Tempest announced Federica Bocco as the publication's new Editor-in-Chief. [9] (#cite_note-9) Around October 2021, posts on the outlet's Facebook and Twitter pages ceased. The site is no longer reachable. Content [ edit ] The Tempest produces editorial and video programming, live events, and social, shareable content delivered across major social media platforms, and covers a variety of categories including style, health, food, entertainment, careers, technology, news, politics, and more. [8] (#cite_note-cheddar-8) More than 2,000 contributors identifying as women or non-binary from more than twenty countries regularly contribute original content. [10] (#cite_note-Life-10) In January 2021, The Tempest launched a vertical dedicated to literary analyses. [11] (#cite_note-11) Prior to the launch, book reviews on The Tempest were widespread but unfocused. Impact [ edit ] A study on ethnic media consumption and production by Professors Matthew D. Matsaganis of Rutgers University (/wiki/Rutgers_University) and Shirley Yu of University of Toronto (/wiki/University_of_Toronto) found that The Tempest actively creates conversations around the socioeconomics of the digital space, journalistic norms, and personal concepts of identity (/wiki/Identity_(social_science)) . [12] (#cite_note-EthnicMedia-12) Reception [ edit ] Founder and CEO, Laila Alawa (/wiki/Laila_Alawa) , is a Forbes 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) , called by Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) "a leader transforming the future of media". [13] (#cite_note-forbes-jan2018-13) Forbes 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) named the company to their Middle East list in 2019. [14] (#cite_note-ForbesME-14) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Maerz, Jennifer (April 12, 2016). "These Millennial Muslim Women Are Clapping Back Against Stereotypes" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/career/news/a57063/twentysomething-muslim-women-in-media/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Tempest - Contact Information" (http://www.corporate.thetempest.co/) . The Tempest . Retrieved January 17, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sara Ashley O'Brien (February 5, 2016). "15 questions with... Laila Alawa" (https://money.cnn.com/interactive/technology/15-questions-with-laila-alawa/index.html) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . ^ (#cite_ref-dc-inno_4-0) Sabin, Sam (November 9, 2018). "These Are The Washington Innovators Who Made The 2018 Forbes '30 Under 30′ List" (https://www.americaninno.com/dc/guides-dc/these-are-the-washington-innovators-who-made-the-2018-forbes-30-under-30-list/) . DC INNO . ^ (#cite_ref-growth_5-0) "The Tempest" (https://thetempest.co/about/) . Retrieved February 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bloomberg_6-0) "Company Overview of The Tempest Media, Inc" (https://www.bloomberg.com%2C%20www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.aspundefined) . Retrieved October 29, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) The Tempest with Laila Alawa And Mashal Waqar (25.11.18) , retrieved April 26, 2019 ^ Jump up to: a b "How One Company is Seeking to Dethrone Buzzfeed" (https://cheddar.com/media/how-one-company-is-seeking-to-dethrone-buzzfeed) . Retrieved October 29, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) The Tempest announces Federica Bocco As Editor-In-Chief Of The Tempest Editorial , retrieved September 11, 2021 ^ (#cite_ref-Life_10-0) Bae, Hannah (March 30, 2016). "15 Questions with Laila Alawa" (https://money.cnn.com/interactive/technology/15-questions-with-laila-alawa/index.html) . Money.cnn.com . Retrieved March 19, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Book Reviews, Book Reviews (November 11, 2014). "Book Reviews / Critiques de Livre" (https://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v3i2.3753) . Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology . 3 (2): 160–164. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.15353/cgjsc.v3i2.3753 (https://doi.org/10.15353%2Fcgjsc.v3i2.3753) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1927-9825 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1927-9825) . ^ (#cite_ref-EthnicMedia_12-0) Yu, Sherry S.; Matsaganis, Matthew D. (December 7, 2018). Ethnic Media in the Digital Age . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781351045292 . ^ (#cite_ref-forbes-jan2018_13-0) Inverso, Emily (January 4, 2018). "30 Under 30: Meet The Young People Transforming Media" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2017/11/14/30-under-30-media-2018-meet-the-young-people-driving-and-defining-content/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-ForbesME_14-0) Forbes Middle East Staff. "30 Under 30: Media" (https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/profile/middle-easts-30-under-30-2019/mashal-waqar/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes_(magazine)) . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://thetempest.co) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5c9ff5b4d5‐hwk69 Cached time: 20240715221308 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.367 seconds Real time usage: 0.500 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1718/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32192/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2153/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 54183/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.219/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5968781/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 437.469 1 -total 40.67% 177.937 1 Template:Reflist 27.13% 118.669 8 Template:Cite_web 23.61% 103.300 1 Template:Infobox_dot-com_company 20.87% 91.299 1 Template:Infobox 13.45% 58.818 1 Template:Short_description 9.54% 41.754 1 Template:Other_uses 6.53% 28.555 2 Template:Pagetype 6.12% 26.762 19 Template:If_empty 4.27% 18.674 8 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60399406-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715221308 and revision id 1234739538. 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Ireland portal (/wiki/Portal:Ireland) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Models from Ireland (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Models_from_Ireland) . Classification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification) : People (/wiki/Category:People) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:People_by_occupation) : Models (/wiki/Category:Models) : By nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) : Irish Also: Ireland (/wiki/Category:Ireland) : People (/wiki/Category:Irish_people) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:Irish_people_by_occupation) : Models This category (/wiki/Wikipedia:Category) lists models (/wiki/Model_(person)) who originated from Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) or spent a notable part of their careers in Ireland. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐nwwjk Cached time: 20240720175000 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.082 seconds Real time usage: 0.131 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 247/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5081/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 443/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2243/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.047/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1541933/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 115.635 1 -total 42.37% 48.994 1 Template:Commonscat 39.78% 45.998 1 Template:Sister_project 38.27% 44.251 1 Template:Side_box 34.93% 40.392 1 Template:Portal 22.50% 26.023 1 Template:Fooian_fooers 16.47% 19.043 4 Template:Resolve_category_redirect 4.32% 4.992 1 Template:Replace 2.27% 2.628 1 Template:COLON Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:6536697-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720175000 and revision id 813023085. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. Models from Dublin (city) (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Dublin_(city)) ‎ (10 P) Models from Northern Ireland (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Northern_Ireland) ‎ (4 C, 1 P) A Irish artists' models (/wiki/Category:Irish_artists%27_models) ‎ (1 P) B Beauty pageant contestants from Ireland (/wiki/Category:Beauty_pageant_contestants_from_Ireland) ‎ (24 P) F Irish female models (/wiki/Category:Irish_female_models) ‎ (2 C, 44 P) L Irish LGBT models (/wiki/Category:Irish_LGBT_models) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) M Irish male models (/wiki/Category:Irish_male_models) ‎ (7 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Irish_models&oldid=813023085 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Irish_models&oldid=813023085) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Irish people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Irish_people_by_occupation) Models by nationality (/wiki/Category:Models_by_nationality) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Gown worn by girls at debutante cotillions or for presentation at court Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) on Western dress codes (/wiki/Western_dress_codes) and corresponding attires (/wiki/Clothing) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) ( full dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) White tie (/wiki/White_tie) Morning dress (/wiki/Morning_dress) Full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) ( half dress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) ) Black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Black lounge suit (/wiki/Black_lounge_suit) Mess dress uniform (/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform) Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) ( undress (/wiki/Western_dress_codes#Full_dress,_half_dress,_and_undress) , "dress clothes") Suit (/wiki/Suit) Service dress uniform (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Pantsuit (/wiki/Pantsuit) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) (anything not above) Business casual (/wiki/Business_casual) Casual Friday (/wiki/Casual_Friday) Combat uniform (/wiki/Combat_uniform) Smart casual (/wiki/Smart_casual) Workwear (/wiki/Workwear) Streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) known as Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) and Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) Undress (/wiki/Undress_code) Supplementary alternatives Ceremonial dress (/wiki/Ceremonial_dress) law courts (/wiki/Court_dress) royal courts (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) diplomatic (/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform) academic (/wiki/Academic_dress) , etc. Religious clothing (/wiki/Religious_clothing) cassock (/wiki/Cassock) , habit (/wiki/Religious_habit) , etc. Folk costume (/wiki/Folk_costume) Distinctions Orders (/wiki/Order_(distinction)) medals (/wiki/Medal) , etc. Legend: = Day (before 6 p.m.) = Evening (after 6 p.m.) = Bow tie (/wiki/Bow_tie) colour = Ladies = Gentlemen Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) v t e Debutante dresses in Australia in 1952 58th International Debutante Ball, 2012, New York City (Waldorf-Astoria Hotel) American debutantes, February 2009 A debutante dress is a pure white ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) , accompanied by long white gloves (/wiki/Evening_glove) [1] (#cite_note-1) and pearls (/wiki/Pearls) worn by girls or young women at their debutante cotillion (/wiki/Debutante_ball) , although this may not always be the case. Debutante cotillions were traditional coming of age (/wiki/Coming_of_age) celebrations for eligible young ladies ready to be presented to society as ready for marriage. Required rules of dress [ edit ] A young lady's gown was regulated by a set of meticulously defined rules which were strictly enforced. These rules varied from monarchy to monarchy and didn't always follow the fashion of the time. White was the preferred color for her gown, although soft colors such as ivory or eggshell were acceptable as long as they were over a white background. [2] (#cite_note-Etiquette-2) The headdress always included feathers and a veil although the number and size of the feathers varied with the time. [3] (#cite_note-Presentation-3) History [ edit ] Georgian era [ edit ] During the reign of King George III (/wiki/King_George_III) and Queen Charlotte (/wiki/Queen_Charlotte) , the debutante dress featured a hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) and elaborate trimmings which included a single ostrich plume worn on the head, even though simple dresses with high waists were favored. During the reign of King George IV (/wiki/King_George_IV) , the hoop skirt was excluded and the style for a debutante gown became a variation of whatever was considered popular for formal evening wear during the period. [3] (#cite_note-Presentation-3) Victorian era [ edit ] A debutante dress ca. 1890 Débutante dresses were almost always short-sleeved and had to have a low neckline. [4] (#cite_note-The_Berg-4) However a doctor's certificate could be presented at the time stating that low cut was injurious to the young woman's health. [3] (#cite_note-Presentation-3) After a débutante married, if she had married appropriately, she would be re-presented at Court as a married woman, usually wearing her wedding dress with alterations. [5] (#cite_note-5) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) was said to have hated small feathers, so orders were sent out that Her Majesty wished to see the feathers as the young lady approached. Late in Queen Victoria's reign and into the court of Edward VII (/wiki/Edward_VII) , the necessary headdress was three feathers arranged in a Prince of Wales plume. A center feather slightly higher than the two on each side is worn slightly on the left side of the head. [3] (#cite_note-Presentation-3) For young ladies and women to be present who were in mourning, it was acceptable for their dresses and veils to be black. No matter how cold the weather was on this special day, absolutely no cloaks, shawls, capes, or wraps of any kind were permitted to be worn. Those items remained in the lady's carriage. [3] (#cite_note-Presentation-3) See also [ edit ] Debutante (/wiki/Debutante) Debutante ball (/wiki/Debutante_ball) International Debutante Ball (/wiki/International_Debutante_Ball) Vienna Opera Ball (/wiki/Vienna_Opera_Ball) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "A guide for purchasing gloves for Carnival balls and presentations" (https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/society/article_d3e7d924-298a-5a31-bd4f-e4445e6eec5b.html) . nola.com . 24 January 2014 . Retrieved 24 Jan 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Etiquette_2-0) Post, Emily (2007). Etiquette: In Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home . Cosimo Inc. pp. 276–287. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-60206-114-9 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Aiello, Dawn. "Presentation At Court" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110406122442/http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/society/printerfriendly/nycity_society_presentation_article0011.htm) . www.thehistorybox.com . Victorian Lace. Archived from the original (http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/society/printerfriendly/nycity_society_presentation_article0011.htm) on 6 April 2011 . Retrieved 20 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Berg_4-0) Steele, Valerie (2010). The Berg Companion to Fashion . Berg Publishers. pp. 204–205. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-563-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Frelinghuysen, Alice Cooney (1989). American porcelain, 1770-1920 . New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810911789 . v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Braccae (/wiki/Braccae) Breeches (/wiki/Breeches) Sompot Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Culottes (/wiki/Culottes) Harem (/wiki/Harem_pants) Knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Saragüells (/w/index.php?title=Sarag%C3%BCells&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ca (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarag%C3%BCells) ] Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) Hobble (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) Poodle (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) Safeguard (/wiki/Safeguard_(costume)) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) Close-bodied gown (/wiki/Close-bodied_gown) Debutante Gown (/wiki/Gown) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) Mantua (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Polonaise (/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing)) Robe de cour (/wiki/Robe_de_cour) Sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_dress) Tea gown (/wiki/Tea_gown) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Capote (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Caraco (/wiki/Caraco) Cardinal cloak 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American fashion designer Clare Vivier (née Guerrero) is an American fashion designer and a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) (CFDA). In 2008, she launched her namesake brand, which sells women’s handbags, accessories, and apparel. [1] (#cite_note-1) Her company is headquartered in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California, where all of her products are both designed and manufactured locally. [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life [ edit ] Vivier was born in Marion (/wiki/Marion,_Indiana) , Indiana. She is of Mexican/Irish descent and was raised in St. Paul (/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota) , Minnesota. She attended the University of San Francisco (/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco) from 1989-1994 where she studied English. In 2002, Clare married French journalist Thierry Vivier, with whom she has one offspring. [3] (#cite_note-3) Business [ edit ] Vivier has designed products for Anthropologie, InStyle, Garrett Leight, actress Melissa McCarthy, actor Adam Scott, The Hundreds, and a line of men's accessories designed with Beastie Boys (/wiki/Beastie_Boys) ' member Mike D (/wiki/Mike_D) for Australian magazine Monster Children . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Vivier’s first store opened in Silverlake, California in 2012, and the second store opened under the company's new name, Clare V., in Manhattan in October 2013. [6] (#cite_note-6) The designer’s third store opened in Santa Monica in November 2014, and the fourth store opened in West Hollywood in March 2015. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Clare V. has additional storefronts in California's Lido Village and Hayes Valley, Cobble Hill, NY, and Chicago. [9] (#cite_note-9) Vivier's celebrity fan base includes Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) , Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) , Sophia Bush (/wiki/Sophia_Bush) , [10] (#cite_note-10) and Rashida Jones (/wiki/Rashida_Jones) , [11] (#cite_note-11) among others. In 2012, Vivier's company, Clare V., received an initial investment from Bedrock Manufacturing Co. and Steven Alan. [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "CFDA Members" (http://cfda.com/members#!clare-vivier) . Council of Fashion Designers. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Smith, Andrew (15 October 2013). "Private Lives: Clare Vivier" (https://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2013/10/clare-vivier-handbags-design) . Vanity Fair . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "How I Get It Done: Handbag Designer Clare Vivier" (https://www.thecut.com/2018/10/how-i-get-it-done-handbag-designer-clare-vivier.html) . 15 October 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Boyd, Sarah. "Designer Clare Vivier Takes Los Angeles Based Brand Global" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/sboyd/2014/11/03/designer-clare-vivier-takes-los-angeles-based-brand-global/) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Fenner, Justine. "Accessories Designer Clare Vivier Debuts Her First Men's Collaboration—With Mike D of the Beastie Boys" (http://www.details.com/blogs/daily-details/2014/06/clare-vivier-mike-d-monster-children-collaboration.html) . Details . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lamont-Djite, Tara (21 October 2013). "Girl Crush: Clare Vivier" (http://www.marieclaire.com/fashion/a8429/girl-crush-clare-vivier/) . Marie Claire . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Brara, Noor. "Clare Vivier Heads to Santa Monica" (http://www.style.com/trends/accessories/2014/clare-vivier-santa-monica-store) . Style . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Alcala, Natalie (27 March 2015). "Explore Clare V.'s New Parisian Paradise in West Hollywood" (http://la.racked.com/2015/3/27/8299391/clare-vivier-west-hollywood-photos#4704936) . Racked . Retrieved 7 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Locations" (https://www.clarev.com/pages/locations) . Clare V . Retrieved 2018-10-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Designer Clare Vivier Takes Los Angeles Based Brand Global" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/sboyd/2014/11/03/designer-clare-vivier-takes-los-angeles-based-brand-global/#23e5b88e7ad8) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Clare Vivier's growing lifestyle brand can no longer fit in a tote" (https://www.latimes.com/travel/style/la-ig-0322-clare-vivier-20150322-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . 18 March 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Sherman, Lauren (21 October 2013). "How Clare Viver Created an Anti-Bag Empire" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/accessories/news/a18784/clare-vivier-new-york-opening/) . Elle Magazine. 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Brazilian cosmetics company This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/O_Botic%C3%A1rio) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "O Boticário" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22O+Botic%C3%A1rio%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22O+Botic%C3%A1rio%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22O+Botic%C3%A1rio%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22O+Botic%C3%A1rio%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22O+Botic%C3%A1rio%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22O+Botic%C3%A1rio%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) O Boticário Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Founded 1977 ; 47 years ago ( 1977 ) Headquarters São José dos Pinhais (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_dos_Pinhais) , Paraná (/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)) , Brazil Key people Artur Grynbaum ( Chairman (/wiki/Chairman) ) Products Beauty & wellness Revenue US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 3.7 billion (2019) Number of employees 12,000 Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Grupo Boticário Website www (https://www.boticario.com/) .boticario (https://www.boticario.com/) .com (https://www.boticario.com/) O Boticário ( Portuguese pronunciation: [o (/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese) botʃiˈkaɾju] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese) ) is a Brazilian cosmetics company. It has 4,070 stores in Brazil, Portugal, Mexico, Guyana, Bolivia, Peru, United States, Paraguay, Japan, France, Angola, Colombia and United Arab Emirates. History [ edit ] O Boticário was created in 1977 as a small prescription drugstore in the city of Curitiba (/wiki/Curitiba) , capital of the state of Paraná (/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)) , in southern Brazil. [1] (#cite_note-1) Today the company is the world's largest perfumery and cosmetics franchising network. O Boticário's industrial and administrative complex has 34.4 thousand square meters of floor space in the city of São José dos Pinhais (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_dos_Pinhais) in the Curitiba (/wiki/Curitiba) Metropolitan Area. It employs 1,300 people and creates approximately 10 thousand jobs through its franchising network. O Boticário's first manufacturing plant was inaugurated in 1982, with just 1 thousand square meters of floor space. Then it employed 27 people who worked to manufacture about 400 thousand items a year. O Boticário's current production exceeds 59 million units. Fundação O Boticário [ edit ] In 1990, the company created the Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza (O Boticário Nature Protection Foundation), a nonprofit organization that has already sponsored 800 conservationist projects including studies, scientific research, environmental education programs and direct fauna and flora protection actions all over Brazil. The Foundation also supports the "Natural Areas Protection Program", which aims at implementing its own network of private natural heritage reserves (/wiki/Private_natural_heritage_reserve_(Brazil)) . The first one is the Salto Morato Private Natural Heritage Reserve (/wiki/Salto_Morato_Private_Natural_Heritage_Reserve) , which occupies a 2,340-hectare area, in Guaraqueçaba (/wiki/Guaraque%C3%A7aba) , on the north coast of the state of Paraná (/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)) , in southern Brazil. This reservation protects a significant area of the Atlantic Rainforest, besides being provided with infrastructure for scientific research, environmental education, and outdoor recreation. In November 1999, the reservation supported by Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza was declared a Natural Heritage Site by UNESCO (/wiki/UNESCO) . Products [ edit ] O Boticário's product lines consist of approximately 480 items, divided into the following categories: body care, facial care, sun care, makeup, deodorizing colognes, deodorants, soaps and shampoos. Amazonian plants such as açaí, cupuaçu, carnaúba, guaraná, cashew, and passion flower; gums extracted from algae and vegetal extracts, such as arnica (/wiki/Arnica) and urucum (/wiki/Urucum) , are among the active ingredients present in the brand's products. Collaborations [ edit ] O Boticário joined an exclusive partnership with Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) in November 2022 with the launch of cosmetics products inspired by the series Money Heist (/wiki/Money_Heist) , Stranger Things (/wiki/Stranger_Things) and Sex Education (/wiki/Sex_Education_(TV_series)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Controversy [ edit ] In May 2015, the company launched in Brazil a campaign titled "Toda Forma de Amor" (Every Kind of Love), made for Brazilian Valentine's Day (/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day) (celebrated annually as Dia dos Namorados (/wiki/Dia_dos_Namorados) on 12 June, the day before the Saint Anthony of Padua (/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua) festivities), the campaign presented heterosexual and homosexual couples embracing and exchanging gifts of the brand. [3] (#cite_note-3) The video generated huge repercussion, mainly in social networks. The commercial, uploaded on YouTube, earned more than three million views and had more than 360,000 likes, against over 180,000 dislikes (until 6 June 2015). [4] (#cite_note-4) Among conservative sectors of society, however, the campaign had negative repercussions. There have been calls for boycotting the brand by people like Silas Malafaia (/wiki/Silas_Malafaia) and homophobic statements in social networks. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The National Council for Self-Regulatory Advertising (Conar) has also received inunerous complaints and initiated a process to verify possible abuses against the consumer in the advertising campaign of the company. [8] (#cite_note-8) On 16 July, however, Conar decided to file a lawsuit against the video. The rapporteur of the process emphasized in his vote: "Don't count on publicity to omit the reality." [9] (#cite_note-9) Boticário replied that "the proposal of the 'Couples' campaign, which was first broadcast on 24 May, is to address, with respect and sensitivity, the current resonance about the most different forms of love regardless of age, race, gender or sexual orientation—represented by the pleasure of giving the person you love a gift on Valentine's Day." [10] (#cite_note-10) In an article published on the UOL Economia website, journalist James Cimino also pointed to inconsistencies in the brand's boycott movement as large multinationals—such as Apple (/wiki/Apple_Inc.) , Microsoft (/wiki/Microsoft) , Google (/wiki/Google) , HP (/wiki/Hewlett-Packard) , Intel (/wiki/Intel) , Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) , The Coca-Cola Company (/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company) , Colgate-Palmolive (/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive) , Disney (/wiki/Disney) , Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , Visa (/wiki/Visa_Inc.) , MasterCard (/wiki/MasterCard) , Starbucks (/wiki/Starbucks) , Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) , Xerox (/wiki/Xerox) , Levi's (/wiki/Levi%27s) , Gillette (/wiki/Gillette) , Absolut (/wiki/Absolut) , Amazon.com (/wiki/Amazon.com) , Ray-Ban (/wiki/Ray-Ban) , Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) , American Airlines (/wiki/American_Airlines) , Tiffany & Co. (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co.) , Budweiser (/wiki/Budweiser) and others—also support the LGBT movement (/wiki/LGBT_movement) [ citation needed ] , but were not threatened with boycott claims. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "O BOTICÁRIO" (https://crueltyfreeinternational.org/cruelty-free-company/o-boticario) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Baldioti, Fernanda. "O Boticário e Netflix se unem em parceria exclusiva e lançam produtos inspirados em séries" (https://br.fashionnetwork.com/news/O-boticario-e-netflix-se-unem-em-parceria-exclusiva-e-lancam-produtos-inspirados-em-series,1456279.html) . FashionNetwork . Retrieved December 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Boticário mostra casais gays em comercial de Dia dos Namorados" (http://g1.globo.com/economia/midia-e-marketing/noticia/2015/05/boticario-mostra-casais-gays-em-comercial-de-dia-dos-namorados.html) . G1 . 25 May 2015 . Retrieved 3 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Anúncios com amor gay geram guerra de curtidas e descurtidas" (http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2015/06/1637175-anuncios-com-amor-gay-geram-guerra-de-curtidas-e-descurtidas.shtml) . Folha de S.Paulo (/wiki/Folha_de_S.Paulo) . 3 June 2015 . Retrieved 5 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Propaganda de O Boticário com gays gera polêmica e chega ao Conar" (http://g1.globo.com/economia/midia-e-marketing/noticia/2015/06/comercial-de-o-boticario-com-casais-gays-gera-polemica-e-chega-ao-conar.html) . G1 . 2 June 2015 . Retrieved 3 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Fernando Scheller e Marília Neustein (3 June 2015). "Comercial de O Boticário cria guerra de opiniões" (http://exame.abril.com.br/marketing/noticias/comercial-de-o-boticario-cria-guerra-de-opinioes) . Exame (/wiki/Exame) . Retrieved 3 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Malafaia pede boicote a "O Boticário" após anúncio com gays" (http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/malafaia-pede-boicote-a-o-boticario-apos-anuncio-com-gays,d8cc3c2ae6a21e7f3a37f137810409f6adatRCRD.html) . Terra (/wiki/Terra_Networks) . 2 June 2015 . Retrieved 2 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Carolina Prado (3 June 2015). "Conar abre processo sobre comercial de O Boticário com casais gays após 30 reclamações" (http://f5.folha.uol.com.br/voceviu/2015/06/1637409-conar-abre-processo-sobre-comercial-de-o-boticario-com-casais-gays-apos-30-reclamacoes.shtml) . Folha de S.Paulo . Retrieved 3 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Conar 'absolve' Boticário por propaganda com casais gays" (http://g1.globo.com/economia/midia-e-marketing/noticia/2015/07/conar-absolve-boticario-por-propaganda-com-casais-gays.html) . G1 . 16 July 2015 . Retrieved 17 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Fernanda Grabauska (3 June 2015). "Campanha de O Boticário explora igualdade no amor e suscita debate religioso" (http://zh.clicrbs.com.br/rs/vida-e-estilo/noticia/2015/06/campanha-de-o-boticario-explora-igualdade-no-amor-e-suscita-debate-religioso-4774243.html) . Zero Hora (/wiki/Zero_Hora) . Retrieved 5 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) James Cimino (1 June 2015). "Opinião: Quer boicotar empresas que apoiam LGBTs? Feche a conta no Facebook" (http://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2015/06/01/opiniao-quer-boicotar-empresas-que-apoiam-lgbts-feche-a-conta-no-facebook.htm) . UOL Economia . Retrieved 5 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Empresas apostam em comerciais com gays para 'modernizar imagem' (https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2015/06/150610_publicidade_lgbt_brasil_rb) " (https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2015/06/150610_publicidade_lgbt_brasil_rb) . BBC Brasil (/wiki/BBC_Brasil) . 12 June 2015 . Retrieved 14 June 2015 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to O Boticário (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:O_Botic%C3%A1rio) . Official website (https://www.boticario.com/) O Boticário Foudantion (http://www.fbpn.org.br/) v t e Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Face Anti-aging cream (/wiki/Anti-aging_cream) BB cream (/wiki/BB_cream) Botulinum toxin (Botox) (/wiki/Botulinum_toxin) CC cream (/wiki/CC_cream) Concealer (/wiki/Concealer) Cotton pad (/wiki/Cotton_pad) Cleanser (/wiki/Cleanser) DD cream (/wiki/DD_cream) Facial (/wiki/Facial) Facial toning (/wiki/Facial_toning) Foundation (/wiki/Foundation_(cosmetics)) Highlighter (/wiki/Highlighter_(cosmetics)) Moist towelette (/wiki/Moist_towelette) Moisturizer (/wiki/Moisturizer) Permanent makeup (/wiki/Permanent_makeup) Primer (/wiki/Primer_(cosmetics)) Powder (/wiki/Face_powder) Rouge (/wiki/Rouge_(cosmetics)) Toner (/wiki/Toner_(skin_care)) Venetian ceruse (/wiki/Venetian_ceruse) Lips Lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) Balm (/wiki/Lip_balm) Gloss (/wiki/Lip_gloss) Liner (/wiki/Lip_liner) Stain (/wiki/Lip_stain) Eyes Blepharoplasty (/wiki/Blepharoplasty) Circle contact lens (/wiki/Circle_contact_lens) Eyelash extensions (/wiki/Eyelash_extensions) Eyelid glue (/wiki/Eyelid_glue) Eye liner (/wiki/Eye_liner) Eye shadow (/wiki/Eye_shadow) Kohl (/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)) Mascara (/wiki/Mascara) Hair Conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) Hair coloring and bleaching (/wiki/Hair_coloring) Removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) chemical (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) electric (/wiki/Electrology) laser (/wiki/Laser_hair_removal) IPL (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) plucking (/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)) shaving (/wiki/Shaving) threading (/wiki/Threading_(epilation)) waxing (/wiki/Waxing) Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) Sindoor (/wiki/Sindoor) Styling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) pomade (/wiki/Pomade) spray (/wiki/Hair_spray) wax (/wiki/Hair_wax) Nails Artificial nails (/wiki/Artificial_nails) Buffing (/wiki/Nail_buffing) Manicure (/wiki/Manicure) Nail polish (/wiki/Nail_polish) Pedicure (/wiki/Pedicure) Body Cold cream (/wiki/Cold_cream) Lotion (/wiki/Lotion) Peeling (/wiki/Exfoliation_(cosmetology)) Plastic surgery (/wiki/Plastic_surgery) Skin whitening (/wiki/Skin_whitening) Sunless tanning (/wiki/Sunless_tanning) Related Cosmetic electrotherapy (/wiki/Electrotherapy_(cosmetic)) Cosmetic ingredients (/wiki/Ingredients_of_cosmetics) Cosmetics advertising (/wiki/Cosmetics_advertising) Cosmetic packaging (/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging) Cosmetology (/wiki/Cosmetology) History of cosmetics (/wiki/History_of_cosmetics) Cosmetic industry (/wiki/Cosmetic_industry) Male cosmetics (/wiki/Male_cosmetics) Major cosmetic brands Ahava (/wiki/Ahava) Almay (/wiki/Almay) Amorepacific (/wiki/Amorepacific_Corporation) Anastasia Beverly Hills (/wiki/Anastasia_Beverly_Hills) Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) Aqua Net (/wiki/Aqua_Net) Artistry (/wiki/Artistry_(cosmetics)) Aveda (/wiki/Aveda) Avon (/wiki/Avon_Products) Bath & Body Works (/wiki/Bath_%26_Body_Works) Benefit (/wiki/Benefit_Cosmetics) Biotherm (/wiki/Biotherm) Bite Beauty (/wiki/BITE_Beauty) Bobbi Brown (/wiki/Bobbi_Brown) Bonne Bell (/wiki/Bonne_Bell) Bumble and bumble (/wiki/Bumble_and_bumble) Burt's Bees (/wiki/Burt%27s_Bees) Carol's Daughter (/wiki/Carol%27s_Daughter) Clarins (/wiki/Clarins) Clinique (/wiki/Clinique) Coty (/wiki/Coty) ColourPop Cosmetics (/wiki/ColourPop_Cosmetics) CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) Creme 21 (/wiki/Creme_21) Cutex (/wiki/Cutex) Daigaku Honyaku Center (/wiki/Daigaku_Honyaku_Center) Dermacol (/wiki/Dermacol) Douglas (/wiki/Douglas_(cosmetics)) Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc.) Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) elf (/wiki/Elf_(cosmetics)) Etude House (/wiki/Etude_House) Fabergé (/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_(cosmetics)) Farmec (/wiki/Farmec) Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) Fresh Garnier (/wiki/Garnier) Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) Hard Candy (/wiki/Hard_Candy_(cosmetics)) Helena Rubinstein (/wiki/Helena_Rubinstein) Jeffree Star Cosmetics (/wiki/Jeffree_Star_Cosmetics) Kao Corporation (/wiki/Kao_Corporation) Kevyn Aucoin (/wiki/Kevyn_Aucoin) Kiehl's (/wiki/Kiehl%27s) Kylie Cosmetics (/wiki/Kylie_Cosmetics) Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) Laneige (/wiki/Laneige) Laura Mercier Cosmetics (/wiki/Laura_Mercier_Cosmetics) Lise Watier (/wiki/Lise_Watier) L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) L'Occitane (/wiki/L%27Occitane_en_Provence) Love Cosmetics (/wiki/Love_Cosmetics) Lush (/wiki/Lush_(company)) MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) Make Up For Ever (/wiki/Make_Up_For_Ever) Mary Kay (/wiki/Mary_Kay) Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) Merle Norman (/wiki/Merle_Norman_Cosmetics) Missha (/wiki/Missha) Molton Brown (/wiki/Molton_Brown) Morphe Cosmetics (/wiki/Morphe_Cosmetics) NARS (/wiki/NARS_Cosmetics) Natura (/wiki/Natura) Natural Wonder (/wiki/Natural_Wonder_(Revlon_subsidiary_brand)) Nature Republic (/wiki/Nature_Republic) Neal's Yard Remedies (/wiki/Neal%27s_Yard_Remedies) Neutrogena (/wiki/Neutrogena) Nexxus (/wiki/Nexxus) Nivea (/wiki/Nivea) NYX Cosmetics (/wiki/NYX_Cosmetics) O Boticário OPI (/wiki/OPI_Products) Oriflame (/wiki/Oriflame) Origins (/wiki/Origins_(cosmetics)) Paula Begoun (/wiki/Paula_Begoun) Pond's (/wiki/Pond%27s) Red Earth (/wiki/Red_Earth_(company)) Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) Richard Hudnut (/wiki/Richard_Hudnut) Rimmel (/wiki/Rimmel) Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) Shiseido (/wiki/Shiseido) Shu Uemura (/wiki/Shu_Uemura) SimplySiti (/wiki/SimplySiti) Sinful Colors (/wiki/Sinful_Colors) SK-II (/wiki/SK-II) Skin Food (/wiki/Skin_Food) Stila (/wiki/Stila) Tarte Cosmetics (/wiki/Tarte_Cosmetics) The Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) The Face Shop (/wiki/The_Face_Shop) Ulta Beauty (/wiki/Ulta_Beauty) Ultima II (/wiki/Ultima_II_(cosmetics_line)) Uoma Beauty (/wiki/Uoma_Beauty) Urban Decay (/wiki/Urban_Decay_(cosmetics)) Vaseline (/wiki/Vaseline) Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Wella (/wiki/Wella) Younique (/wiki/Younique) Yves Rocher (/wiki/Yves_Rocher_(company)) Categories Companies (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies) People (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_people) History (/wiki/Category:History_of_cosmetics) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/315535882) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mzj8z Cached time: 20240721043813 Cache expiry: 933709 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.510 seconds Real time usage: 0.790 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2414/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 77160/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2726/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 62376/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.357/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17579409/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 712.832 1 -total 27.22% 194.029 1 Template:Reflist 22.83% 162.716 8 Template:Cite_web 19.88% 141.727 1 Template:Infobox_company 18.71% 133.363 1 Template:Infobox 13.39% 95.476 1 Template:IPA-pt 13.20% 94.095 1 Template:IPA 11.01% 78.498 1 Template:Cosmetics 10.89% 77.623 2 Template:Navbox 9.05% 64.506 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24166960-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721043813 and revision id 1220065376. 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American clothing company Seedless Clothing is a clothing brand based in Ocean Beach (/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_San_Diego) , a neighborhood of San Diego, California (/wiki/San_Diego) . The company was founded in 1992 by Shea McComb (McAdams). It has since become a consulting firm for various bands, DJs, and events, most notably the High Times Cannabis Cup (/wiki/Cannabis_Cup) , and the Seedless 420 Party. Seedless 420 Party [ edit ] The Seedless 420 Party, inaugurated in 2001, is an annual event that has included performances by entertainers like the Long Beach Dub Allstars (/wiki/Long_Beach_Dub_Allstars) (composed of the remaining members of Sublime), RZA (/wiki/RZA) , [1] (#cite_note-1) Methodman (/wiki/Methodman) , Redman (/wiki/Redman_(rapper)) , [2] (#cite_note-2) Barrington Levy (/wiki/Barrington_Levy) , [3] (#cite_note-3) Junior Reid (/wiki/Junior_Reid) , George Clinton (/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)) , Slightly Stoopid (/wiki/Slightly_Stoopid) , and Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2008, the Seedless 420 Party featured a Miss Seedless contest, where staff writer Bobby Black of High Times (/wiki/High_Times) participated as a guest judge. [6] (#cite_note-6) The eventual winner, Gina, went on to become High Times ’ Miss September 2008. [7] (#cite_note-7) High Times Cannabis Cup [ edit ] In 2013, Seedless Clothing assisted with the marketing of the first High Times Cannabis Cup (/wiki/Cannabis_Cup) to be held in Denver, Colorado. [8] (#cite_note-8) In addition, Seedless Clothing assisted with the marketing for the High Times Cannabis Cup (/wiki/Cannabis_Cup) held in Seattle, Washington. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) NFL cease and desist [ edit ] In 2010, Seedless Clothing designed a t-shirt featuring a lightning bolt with the word "seedless" across the front. The NFL issued a cease and desist (/wiki/Cease_and_desist) to Seedless Clothing to prevent them from selling the t-shirt in which the lightning bolt appeared. The company ceased production of the t-shirt to avoid litigation. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) [Bobby Black, “Seedless in San Diego,” High Times , September 2008, 32] ^ (#cite_ref-2) [Maggie St. Thomas, “The San Diego Cannabis Cup and Seedless Clothing 10th Annual 420 Party,” Kush , May 2010, 42] ^ (#cite_ref-3) [Maggie St. Thomas, “The San Diego Cannabis Cup and Seedless Clothing 10th Annual 420 Party,” Kush , May 2010, 42] ^ (#cite_ref-4) 420 Day Has Roots in Music and Popular Culture (http://www.sandiego.com/articles/2011-04-19/420-day-has-roots-music-and-popular-culture) ^ (#cite_ref-5) [ High Times , September 2007, 44] ^ (#cite_ref-6) [Bobby Black, “Seedless in San Diego,” High Times , September 2008, 32] ^ (#cite_ref-7) [Miss September, High Times , September 2008, 34] ^ (#cite_ref-8) High Times Magazine Cannabis Cup Denver (http://dholmquistdesigns.prosite.com/33927/1230068/gallery/high-times-magazine-cannabis-cup-denver) ^ (#cite_ref-9) High Times Cannabis Cup Seattle (http://dholmquistdesigns.prosite.com/33927/1672350/gallery/high-times-cannabis-cup-seattle-wa-2013) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "After legalizing marijuana, Washington and Colorado are starting to regulate it" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2013/10/09/after-legalizing-marijuana-washington-and-colorado-are-starting-to-regulate-it/) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . 2013-10-10. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220916055139/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2013/10/09/after-legalizing-marijuana-washington-and-colorado-are-starting-to-regulate-it/) from the original on 2022-09-16. ^ (#cite_ref-11) NFL Throws Flag on Ocean Beach Clothing Company (https://www.10news.com/news/nfl-throws-flag-on-ocean-beach-clothing-company) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐784d958b48‐2rv6z Cached time: 20240626162617 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.204 seconds Real time usage: 0.554 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 367/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3470/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 438/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8355/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.124/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2602323/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 486.694 1 -total 55.35% 269.374 1 Template:Short_description 42.79% 208.248 1 Template:Reflist 40.44% 196.837 3 Template:Main_other 39.82% 193.824 1 Template:SDcat 38.14% 185.624 1 Template:Cite_web 11.34% 55.195 2 Template:Pagetype 0.64% 3.098 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41006301-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626162617 and revision id 1179905433. 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American underwear company from 1898 to 1993 This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Katz_Underwear_Company) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Katz Underwear Company" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Katz+Underwear+Company%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Katz+Underwear+Company%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Katz+Underwear+Company%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Katz+Underwear+Company%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Katz+Underwear+Company%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Katz+Underwear+Company%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Katz Underwear Company Industry Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) Founded September 1898 Honesdale, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Honesdale,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Defunct 1993 ( 1993 ) The Katz Underwear Company was an American underwear (/wiki/Underwear) manufacturing company from 1898 to 1993. It was founded in Honesdale, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Honesdale,_Pennsylvania) . Founding and early years (1898 – 1933) [ edit ] The Katz Underwear Company was founded in September 1898 by three Katz Brothers: Jacob F., W. Jonas and Samuel, and began as a small shop with 11 employees on the third floor of the Dodge Building at the corner of Main and Seventh Streets in Honesdale, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Honesdale,_Pennsylvania) . The first product manufactured was muslin underwear under contract to the three largest underwear manufacturers in the United States. By 1902, the business had outgrown its quarters, and a new factory was built on Sixth Street in Honesdale, Pennsylvania. The Katz brothers decided to discontinue their contract work and began production of their own line. As the company continued to grow, it became necessary to expand facilities, [1] (#cite_note-1) and over the years four additions were made to the original factory. Opening in the Empire State Building (1933 – 1948) [ edit ] On October 27, 1933, the company opened its national sales office in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) on the 39th Floor of the Empire State Building (/wiki/Empire_State_Building) , which remained in the company until the late 1980s until it was moved to Madison Avenue (/wiki/Madison_Avenue) ; Katz was one of the oldest tenants in the history of the Empire State Building (1933 - 1988). The Katz Underwear Company's time in the Empire State Building saw an annual visitation of over 1,500 customers and was receiving over 15,000 calls a year. The office handled both large and small accounts, working with buyers from all fifty states and internationally, with Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) , China (/wiki/China) , South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) , France (/wiki/France) , UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) , South America (/wiki/South_America) and the Caribbean (/wiki/Caribbean) . Further expansion (1948 – 1986) [ edit ] In 1948, it was announced that a modern, new facility would be constructed on Sunrise Avenue in Honesdale. First occupied in August 1949, the factory underwent four expansions due to the increased volume of the business. In 1954, it became apparent that the 102,000 sq. ft. Sunrise Avenue Complex would not be capable of filling all the orders the company was receiving, so it sought contractor plants. The first was Solomon & Co. Manufacturing in Lowell, Massachusetts (/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts) , which was owned by Joseph P. Solomon. It was followed by Rohr Lingerie in Old Forge, Pennsylvania, in 1963, and Coatesville Lingerie, Coatesville, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Coatesville,_Pennsylvania) , in 1968. These firms were later joined by Blough-Wagner Manufacturing, Middleburg, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Middleburg,_Pennsylvania) , in 1969 and by Varsity Manufacturing, Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, in 1972. By the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, these plants employed over 550 people who were exclusively involved with the Katz label. In addition, to the over 500 employees at the Honesdale locations, the total workforce numbered over 1,000. By 1985 the Katz Facilities included the main complex on Sunrise Avenue, the original Sixth Street site which was utilized for business offices, warehousing and shipping, and three additional warehouses located on Church, Thirteenth and Chapel Street(s), the latter was developed for shipping and receiving by rail. Through the end of the 1980s, the company was cutting and sewing over seven million yards of fabric a year. The sales force of over forty people nationwide at that time was active in Boston (/wiki/Boston) , Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) , Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Minneapolis (/wiki/Minneapolis) and Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) . By 1985, the company was greatly diversified in its manufacturing. The simple sleepwear gowns remained important, but the rise of loungewear and specialty items became a vital addition to the growth of the business, necessitating the services of a full-time New York designer. In 1986, with over 7,000 accounts nationwide and internationally, the third generation was transitioning management to the fourth generation as the retirement of Edward L. Freeman, grandson of Jacob F. was ending his tenure as president after nearly forty-five years. Sale, closing, and aftermath (1986 – present) [ edit ] In 1986, the family of the late Robert F. Katz, Sr., the grandson of Jacob F. Katz purchased the outstanding family shares of the company for $10.3M. The stockholders were David Katz, William Roos and Edna Roos Lewis the grandchildren of Jonas Katz and from the family of Jacob F. Katz; Kathryn D. Perkins, Marjorie K. Yannis, Edward L. Freeman and Martha F. Sader both principal and trustee for Edward E. Sader, his great great grandson. The company continued under the new management until 1993, when the children of Robert W. Katz; Robert, Mariann and James decided to close the company. The factory building on Sixth Street was restored by Rudy Schemitz, [2] (#cite_note-2) and by 2018, [3] (#cite_note-3) it housed multiple businesses, including a print shop, gallery, yoga studios, and event space "6th and River." [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Walking Historic Honesdale (PDF) . Cultural Heritage Research Services. 2006. p. 48. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Wayne County Wanderings: Rudy Schemitz was everybody's best friend" (https://www.tricountyindependent.com/story/opinion/columns/2022/03/26/wayne-county-wanderings-kevin-edwards-rudy-schemitz-celebration-of-life/65346644007/) . Tri-County Independent . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "New Purpose for Old Factory in Honesdale" (https://www.wnep.com/article/news/local/wayne-county/new-purpose-for-old-factory-in-honesdale/523-bf65a0e1-4d71-43a7-9a82-3f5779d1ec42) . wnep.com . May 29, 2018 . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "History \| 6th & River" (https://6thandriver.com/history/) . 6th & River \| A restored warehouse event space in Honesdale, Pennsylvania . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . [1] (#cite_note-5) Wayne Independent Estate of Jacob F. Katz Estate of Edward L. 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Paul Smith (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) Paul Stuart (/wiki/Paul_Stuart) Pringle (/wiki/Pringle_of_Scotland) Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) River Island (/wiki/River_Island) Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) Rufskin (/wiki/Rufskin) Schiesser (/wiki/Schiesser) Smartwool (/wiki/Smartwool) Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) Stanfield's (/wiki/Stanfield%27s) Sunspel (/wiki/Sunspel) Superdry (/wiki/Superdry) Supreme (/wiki/Supreme_(brand)) Three Gun (/wiki/Three_Gun) Todd Snyder (/wiki/Todd_Snyder_(fashion_designer)) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Topman (/wiki/Topman) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) Versace (/wiki/Versace) Volcom (/wiki/Volcom) XTG (/wiki/XTG_Extreme_Game) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Wayne Independent, Wayne County Historical Society, Singer, AAA NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐fwzvm Cached time: 20240713041309 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.355 seconds Real time usage: 0.530 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1490/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35404/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1171/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5016740/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 475.279 1 -total 30.23% 143.688 1 Template:Infobox_company 25.78% 122.511 1 Template:Infobox 22.74% 108.097 1 Template:Reflist 17.27% 82.104 1 Template:Men's_undergarments 16.82% 79.926 1 Template:Navbox 16.79% 79.815 1 Template:Cite_book 15.20% 72.235 1 Template:Short_description 13.74% 65.296 1 Template:More_citations_needed 12.70% 60.346 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50565579-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713041309 and revision id 1215417761. 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See also the categories Fashion by year (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_year) and Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.canary‐7c94c75d85‐fctvt Cached time: 20240704211100 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.027 seconds Real time usage: 0.041 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 25/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 502/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.012/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 626356/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 33.910 1 -total 100.00% 33.910 1 Template:Category_see_also 17.28% 5.861 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63588545-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704211100 and revision id 1031267312. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. 0–9 12th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:12th-century_fashion) ‎ (4 P) 13th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:13th-century_fashion) ‎ (9 P) 14th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) ‎ (16 P) 15th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) ‎ (23 P) 16th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) ‎ (60 P) 17th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) ‎ (72 P) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) ‎ (11 C, 94 P, 1 F) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) ‎ (13 C, 183 P) 20th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) ‎ (14 C, 188 P) 21st-century fashion (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) ‎ (7 C, 90 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_by_century&oldid=1031267312 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_by_century&oldid=1031267312) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Categories by century (/wiki/Category:Categories_by_century) Fashion by period (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_period)
A silver pendant filled with breast milk. Bezel set breast milk pendants in crescent and star shapes. A breastmilk jewellery artist, professionally preserving breastmilk. Breast milk jewelry or Breast milk jewellery ( Commonwealth English (/wiki/Commonwealth_English) ) is jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) made from pumped or expressed mother's breast milk (/wiki/Breast_milk) as a keepsake (/wiki/Souvenir) often worn by the mother. Breast milk keepsakes come in various jewelry types such as rings, lockets, pendants and popular European style beads. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Some pendants may be bezel set, locket set, made from only resin, or filled. Filled styles use a preserved breast milk and resin mix to fill holes or openings in jewelry pieces, usually Sterling Silver. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Generally, the filled shapes are trees, leaves, or hearts representing love and life. Various methods may be used to make the jewelry. To preserve and protect it, the piece may be covered in a clear resin or glaze. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) No matter the process used for preservation there seems to be a long and tedious process involved in creating the keepsakes, leading to long waits for order fulfillment. [2] (#cite_note-2) The long waits for order fulfillment have caused online speculation about the practice, even gaining media attention. [3] (#cite_note-3) Origin [ edit ] In 2013 NBC New York (/wiki/NBC_New_York) published an article about the jewellery, mentioning two Etsy (/wiki/Etsy) artists (from Rhode Island (/wiki/Wakefield,_Rhode_Island) and South Carolina (/wiki/Summerville,_South_Carolina) ) that reportedly started the idea as early as 2007. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Process [ edit ] After the purchase of a breast milk keepsake design the consumer sends their breast milk to the creator so the process can begin. Each creator likely uses a different trade process. [4] (#cite_note-4) In some methods it is believed [ by whom? ] that solvents or chemicals are added to assist the preservation. Other methods may include dehydrating, freeze drying, cooking down, or mixing breast milk with other media. Once the preserved breast milk and resin mixture is ready, it is carefully poured into molds, or a bezel setting, to create the desired stone shape. The molds can be customized to create various designs like those found in traditional jewelry design, hearts, flowers, or abstract shapes. [5] (#cite_note-5) The mixture is left to cure and harden, which can take several hours or even days depending on the specific resin used. See also [ edit ] Galalith (/wiki/Galalith) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Lock of Baby's Hair, First Tooth… Breast Milk?" (https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/breast-milk-jewelry-babies-mothers-necklaces-etsy-trend/2078198/) . NBC New York . 12 April 2013 . Retrieved 2020-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Wang, Yue (11 April 2013). "Breast-Milk Jewelry: The Must-Have Mommy Memento" (http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/04/11/breast-milk-jewelry-the-must-have-mommy-memento/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Retrieved 2020-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Complaints about Rhode Island breast milk jewelry firm" (https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jul/20/more-complaints-filed-against-rhode-island-milk-je/) . The Washington Times (/wiki/The_Washington_Times) . 20 July 2015 . Retrieved 2020-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Mom's newest bling: breast milk jewelry" (http://www.today.com/parents/moms-newest-bling-breast-milk-jewelry-1C9434850) . TODAY.com (/wiki/TODAY.com) . 18 April 2013 . Retrieved 2020-01-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "How Breast Milk Jewelry is Made" (https://milkandmoments.com/blogs/insight/how-is-breast-milk-jewelry-made) . milkandmoments.com . 20 October 2023 . 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See also: Category:Actresses from Thiruvananthapuram (/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Thiruvananthapuram) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐jfvq4 Cached time: 20240715021521 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.048 seconds Real time usage: 0.063 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 24/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 389/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.022/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 626446/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 56.260 1 -total 100.00% 56.260 1 Template:See_also_cat 15.46% 8.700 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55839909-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715021521 and revision id 1114077443. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Female models from Thiruvananthapuram" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Sandra Amy (/wiki/Sandra_Amy) Arya (actress) (/wiki/Arya_(actress)) B Shivani Bhai (/wiki/Shivani_Bhai) I Ineya (/wiki/Ineya) K Kani Kusruti (/wiki/Kani_Kusruti) N Priyanka Nair (/wiki/Priyanka_Nair) Nazriya Nazim (/wiki/Nazriya_Nazim) U Nyla Usha (/wiki/Nyla_Usha) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Thiruvananthapuram&oldid=1114077443 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Thiruvananthapuram&oldid=1114077443) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Models from Thiruvananthapuram (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Thiruvananthapuram) Female models from Kerala (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Kerala)
Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons Art of the In-Between at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons Art of the In-Between was an art exhibition about the work of fashion designer Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) and her designs for her fashion house, Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) . The exhibition ran from May 4 to September 4, 2017, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . [1] (#cite_note-Yotka-1) It was curated by Andrew Bolton (/wiki/Andrew_Bolton_(curator)) , who worked closely with Kawakubo to select works for the exhibition. On display were 140 women's costumes spanning the entirety of her career until 2017. [2] (#cite_note-Feitelberg-2) This exhibit represents Kawakubo in an immersive world of Gesamtkunstwerk , "total work of art". [3] (#cite_note-3) Background [ edit ] Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) at the 2017 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where the theme was Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Waiting_staff) : Art of the In-Between In an interview with Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Bolton stated that he chose to curate an exhibition of Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) 's work because "just look at the clothes. They speak for themselves." [1] (#cite_note-Yotka-1) It took Bolton one year to complete the exhibition, "displaying 140 of Kawakubo’s designs for Comme des Garçons from the early Eighties to her fall 2017 “The Future of Silhouette” collection". [2] (#cite_note-Feitelberg-2) Both Bolton and Kawakubo have stated that the exhibition is not a retrospective of Kawakubo's work, but an exploration of "the in-betweeness" of her high fashion women's wear. [1] (#cite_note-Yotka-1) It was the first Costume Institute (/wiki/Anna_Wintour_Costume_Center) exhibition about a living artist since their 1983 exhibition about Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . [4] (#cite_note-Smith1-4) Kawakubo had originally suggested that the exhibition showcase only works from her most recent, seven collections and that it should have been called "The Art of the Modernist." [2] (#cite_note-Feitelberg-2) Exhibition design [ edit ] The exhibition was designed around seventeen "binary themes" as created by Bolton, with different selections of 140 outfits in each theme: 1. Absence/Presence 2. Design/Not Design 3. Fashion/Antifashion 4. Model/Multiple 5. High/Low 6. Then/Now 7. Self/Other 8. Object/Subject 9. Clothes/Not Clothes 9.1 Form/Function 9.2 Abstraction/Representation 9.3 Beautiful/Grotesque 9.4 War/Peace 9.5 Life/Loss 9.6 Fact/Fiction 9.7 Order/Chaos 9.8 Bound/Unbound The space is split into two sections, one that showcases Kawakubo's work from the start of her career in 1979 until 2014, when she stated she would no longer make clothing. The second part is devoted to works from 2015 until 2017. The exhibition did not feature works from the 1970s nor the Curiosity (2007) collection at the request of the artist. [1] (#cite_note-Yotka-1) Featuring one of her most recent collections, the garments were shown with heads and wigs. Julein d'Ys, who is also Rei Kawakubo's hairstylist, styled and created these wigs. [5] (#cite_note-5) Throughout the exhibition, Kawakubo utilizes hardware, plastic materials, harnesses, and fastenings. This is seen especially in her punk-inspired Adult Delinquiet collection. Visitors follow a pathway which guides them through the different themes, where different costumes are on display. A free, printed brochure is provided in lieu of labels, written by Bolton. [1] (#cite_note-Yotka-1) The brochure also features quotes from Kawakubo. [4] (#cite_note-Smith1-4) Kawakubo requested that there be no labels due to her dislike for interpretation. [1] (#cite_note-Yotka-1) Reception [ edit ] Roberta Smith (/wiki/Roberta_Smith) , of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , noted that the variety of works displayed (which she called "swings of sensibility") as "disorienting." However, she appreciated the layout of the exhibition and wrote of it having "playful instability," that complements the eccentric work of Kawakubo. [4] (#cite_note-Smith1-4) Further reading [ edit ] Bolton, Andrew. Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons: Art of the In-Between . New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art Press (2017). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1588396207 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1588396207) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Yotka, Steff (May 2017). "Chief Curator Andrew Bolton Takes Us Inside the Costume Institute's "Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons: Art of the In-Between" Exhibition" (http://www.vogue.com/article/rei-kawakubocomme-des-garcons-art-of-the-in-between-exhibit-andrew-bolton) . Vogue . Retrieved 8 August 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Feitelberg, Rosemary (May 2017). " (http://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-wwd-rei-kawakubo-comme-des-garcons-met-gala-20170501-story.html) 'Rei Kawakubo / Commes des Garçons: Art of the In-Between' debuts at the Met in New York" (http://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-wwd-rei-kawakubo-comme-des-garcons-met-gala-20170501-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 8 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) The Met. Rei Kawakubo / Comme des Garçons Art of the In-Between (PDF) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Smith, Roberta. "The Met's Rei Kawakubo Show, Dressed for Defiance" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/04/arts/design/the-mets-rei-kawakubo-show-dressed-for-defiance.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 8 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hyland, Véronique (May 3, 2017). "alking to Rei Kawakubo's 'Hair Artist,' Julien d'Ys" (https://www.thecut.com/2017/05/julien-dys-comme-des-garcons-interview-sketches.html) . The Cut . Retrieved September 7, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons Art of the In-Between (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rei_Kawakubo/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons_Art_of_the_In-Between) . 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Medieval outergarment Charles, 6th Dauphin (/wiki/Dauphin_of_France) , from his tomb effigy. He is wearing a herigaut with tucked sleeves. A herigaut is a gown-like garment worn in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries (/wiki/1400%E2%80%931500_in_European_fashion) . [1] (#cite_note-berg-1) Alternative spellings include herigald, heregaud, gerygoud and herigans. [1] (#cite_note-berg-1) It was three-quarters to full length with hanging sleeves. [1] (#cite_note-berg-1) Sometimes the sleeves were tucked (/wiki/Tuck_(sewing)) at the top to increase fullness below. [2] (#cite_note-evans-2) Although it was primarily a men's garment, women occasionally wore it as well. [2] (#cite_note-evans-2) Along with the garnache (/w/index.php?title=Garnache_(clothing)&action=edit&redlink=1) , it is a variant of the garde-corps (/w/index.php?title=Garde-corps&action=edit&redlink=1) , [3] (#cite_note-3) and it is also related to the houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) . [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W.; Cunnington, P.E. (2010). The dictionary of fashion history (Rev., updated ed.). Oxford: Berg. p. 103. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847885333 . ^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Joan (1952). Dress in mediaeval France . Clarendon Press. p. 19. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780598575180 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Fabre, Maurice (1966). History of fashion . Edito-Service. p. 24. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9787800602573 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Howell, Lauren. "Early Gothic-13th & 14th Centuries" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120809235916/http://www.cfa.ilstu.edu/lmlowel/THE331/MiddleAges/EGothicreview.html) . Illinois State University. Archived from the original (http://www.cfa.ilstu.edu/lmlowel/the331/MiddleAges/EGothicreview.html) on 9 August 2012 . Retrieved 18 July 2013 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herigaut&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐pmm86 Cached time: 20240712194857 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.218 seconds Real time usage: 0.284 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 433/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10541/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20372/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.152/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4226742/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 255.530 1 -total 45.08% 115.188 1 Template:Reflist 35.87% 91.646 3 Template:Cite_book 27.55% 70.386 1 Template:Short_description 25.82% 65.986 1 Template:Clothing-stub 25.11% 64.175 1 Template:Asbox 16.45% 42.037 2 Template:Pagetype 6.78% 17.334 3 Template:Main_other 6.07% 15.498 1 Template:SDcat 2.16% 5.514 1 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40002504-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712194857 and revision id 1218380798. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herigaut&oldid=1218380798 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herigaut&oldid=1218380798) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 13th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:13th-century_fashion) 14th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) Medieval European costume (/wiki/Category:Medieval_European_costume) Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) Gowns (/wiki/Category:Gowns) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
American journalist and fashion illustrator (1889–1947) Bettina Bedwell Bettina Bedwell in the Tuileries Garden, circa 1937 Born ( 1889-01-13 ) January 13, 1889 Broken Bow (/wiki/Broken_Bow,_Nebraska) , Nebraska Died April 29, 1947 (1947-04-29) (aged 58) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York Occupation(s) journalist and fashion designer Spouse Abraham Rattner (/wiki/Abraham_Rattner) (m. 1924) Bettina Bedwell (January 13, 1889 – April 29, 1947) was an American journalist and fashion illustrator. She reported on fashion from Paris throughout the 1920s and 30s. Early life and education [ edit ] Bettina Bedwell was born in Broken Bow, Nebraska (/wiki/Broken_Bow,_Nebraska) on January 13, 1889. Her parents were Walter C. and Emma Moore Bedwell. [1] (#cite_note-1) She attended school in Denver (/wiki/Denver) and then studied at the Art Institute of Chicago (/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Mid-life and career [ edit ] Bedwell moved to Paris (/wiki/Paris) in 1921 or 1922. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1924, she began reporting on fashion for the Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune_New_York_News_Syndicate) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) That year she also married Abraham Rattner (/wiki/Abraham_Rattner) , an American painter, in Paris. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) : 268 In 1929, American author Kay Boyle (/wiki/Kay_Boyle) began working for Bedwell as a "secretary." Boyle wrote to her family that the work included writing fashion articles for the Chicago Tribune , which appeared under Bedwell's name. Boyle and Bedwell became friends, continuing to work together and visit each other into the 1940s. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) : 164-5 From 1929 until 1940, Bedwell was a "style spy" for Margaret Hayden Rorke (/wiki/Margaret_Hayden_Rorke) of the Textile Color Card Association of the United States (/wiki/The_Color_Association_of_the_United_States) . Bedwell wrote weekly letters to Rorke, reporting on the color trends she saw on the streets, in restaurants, and in the couture houses of Paris. Her letters were often full of swatches and color samples. Rorke used Bedwell's letters and swatches to enhance her own color forecasting in the U.S. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Bedwell understood the pirating of Paris fashions well. She had reported on fashion bootlegging and "style pirates" in a 1930 article that appeared in the New York Times . [6] (#cite_note-6) Bedwell's own columns were sometimes accompanied by sewing patterns that copied the Parisian styles she reported on. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Bedwell later put this knowledge to use in outlining a novel, Yellow Dusk (Hurst & Blackett, 1937), a thriller about drug smuggling and fashion theft set in a Paris couture house. The novel appeared under Bedwell's name, but it was ghostwritten from her outline by Kay Boyle, who was paid $250. [7] (#cite_note-7) Later life and death [ edit ] Bedwell and Rattner left Paris in late 1939 to avoid the Nazi invasion (/wiki/Nazi_invasion_of_France) . [8] (#cite_note-8) They settled in New York. Bedwell died there from a kidney infection on April 29, 1947. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) " New York, New York City Municipal Deaths, 1795-1949 (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2WYQ-86M) ," database, FamilySearch (10 February 2018), Bettina Bedwell Rattner, 29 Apr 1947; citing Death, Manhattan, New York, New York, United States, New York Municipal Archives, New York; FHL microfilm 2,133,606. ^ Jump up to: a b c "BETT1NA BEDWELL; Fashion Writer for 25 Years,' Wife of Artist, Dies Here I" (https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/01/archives/bett1na-bedwell-fashion-writer-for-25-years-wife-of-artist-dies.html) . The New York Times . 1947-05-01. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-04-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Blaszczyk, Regina Lee (2012-09-07). The Color Revolution . MIT Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780262304429 . ^ Jump up to: a b Boyle, Kay (2015-06-15). Kay Boyle: A Twentieth-Century Life in Letters . University of Illinois Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780252097362 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Color of Fashion" (https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2008/marchapril/feature/the-color-fashion) . National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) . Retrieved 2019-04-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bedwell, Bettina (1930-04-06). "PIRATE RAIDS ON ARGOSIES OF FASHION; Stolen Paris Designs and Imitations Are Bootlegged Through Dark Channels and Form Valuable Loot RAIDING THE FASHION ARGOSIES" (https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/06/archives/pirate-raids-on-argosies-of-fashion-stolen-paris-designs-and.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-04-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Spanier, Sandra Whipple (1986). Kay Boyle, Artist and Activist . SIU Press. pp. 100 (https://archive.org/details/kayboyleartistac0000span/page/100) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780809312764 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Rattner, Abraham @ SNAC" (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6000ck0) . snaccooperative.org . Retrieved 2019-04-09 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bettina_Bedwell&oldid=1233124249 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bettina_Bedwell&oldid=1233124249) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : American women journalists (/wiki/Category:American_women_journalists) 1889 births (/wiki/Category:1889_births) 1947 deaths (/wiki/Category:1947_deaths) School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni (/wiki/Category:School_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_alumni) People from Broken Bow, Nebraska (/wiki/Category:People_from_Broken_Bow,_Nebraska) Fashion illustrators (/wiki/Category:Fashion_illustrators) Journalists from Nebraska (/wiki/Category:Journalists_from_Nebraska) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SNAC-ID_identifiers)
Polish-born fur designer Anna Maximilian Potok (4 June 1897 – 22 April 1987) was a Polish-born fur designer and, with her brother, Maximilian Apfelbaum (later Michael Maximilian) co-founder of the New York furriers Maximilian . Biography [ edit ] Potok was born Anna Apfelbaum on 4 June 1897 in Warsaw, Poland, the third generation of a family of furriers. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) After her father died when she was 19, she joined her brother Maximilian in the business in 1922. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) [2] (#cite_note-nemy-2) She married Leon Potok (d.1965), an engineer and stock market investor, on 7 July 1930, and they had one son, the author and disabled rights advocate Andrew Potok, born 1931. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) [3] (#cite_note-3) [2] (#cite_note-nemy-2) [4] (#cite_note-who-4) In 1934 she was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta (/wiki/Order_of_Polonia_Restituta) . [4] (#cite_note-who-4) The Apfelbaums survived the 1903–06 pogroms (/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire#1903–1906) due to their supplying furs to the highest levels of Polish society, including the President of Poland and the Mayor of Warsaw (/wiki/Nikolai_Bibikov) . [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) Even after the Russian Revolution (/wiki/Russian_Revolution) , they were safe because they supplied furs to Communist leaders who traveled there from Leningrad (/wiki/Leningrad) and Moscow. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) At first, following the 1939 partition of Poland (/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact) between Russia and Nazi Germany, the Apfelbaums felt secure, as despite being known Jews, they were still allowed to travel freely about Europe for business. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) However, in 1940, they realised that they were in very real danger from the Final Solution (/wiki/Final_Solution) , and were unable to escape Warsaw due to a lack of rail tickets. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) Anna and Maximilian eventually made it to Zurich, Switzerland, and then to Paris, just as it fell to the German occupation (/wiki/Paris_in_World_War_II#Occupation_of_Paris) . [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) The brother and sister decided to return to Warsaw to rescue the rest of the family, although they could only save her husband and son and Maximilian's daughter, whose mother had to stay behind, and was never seen again. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) Traveling in a single car with a single suitcase so as to look like normal travelers, they were almost apprehended at the Romanian (/wiki/Romania) border, but eventually made it into Lithuania (/wiki/Lithuania) and from there, sailed across the Baltic Sea (/wiki/Baltic_Sea) to Sweden, where they obtained visas to the United States via Montreal with the assistance of the American Consulate in Stockholm. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) In 1953, Maxmilian (who had legally changed his name to Michael Maximilian after moving to the United States) died, and around this time, his sister assumed the middle name Maximilian as well as inheriting the business. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Potok died of heart failure at home in Manhattan, aged 89, on 22 April 1987. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Maximilian [ edit ] 1955 broadtail coat by Maximilian Furs After coming to the United States Potok and her brother opened their salon, and in 1942, relocated to West 57th Street (/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)) , [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) where a store is still located as of 2022. Maximilian expressed his distaste for the functional cold-weather furs for bureaucrats and their wives that had been their typical Polish output, and wanted to attract a more glamorous Hollywood clientele. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) His sister supported him in this, using her art training to design dramatic and eye-catching furs to draw in their ideal customers. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) Their first fashion shows attracted wealthy clients such as Marjorie Merriweather Post (/wiki/Marjorie_Merriweather_Post) , Mrs. Loel Guinness (/wiki/Gloria_Guinness) , Thelma Chrysler Foy (/wiki/Thelma_Chrysler_Foy) and Babe Paley (/wiki/Babe_Paley) . [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) The choice of the name Maximilian for their re-named business, which suggested European imperial grandeur, helped the company appeal to its target customer base. [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) Other customers included Helena Rubinstein (/wiki/Helena_Rubinstein) , Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) , Sophia Loren (/wiki/Sophia_Loren) and the Duchess of Windsor (/wiki/Wallis_Simpson) , for whom Potok designed her first suit in Russian broadtail (/wiki/Broadtail) . [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Maximilian supplied furs to many First Ladies, including Lady Bird Johnson (/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson) , [5] (#cite_note-sb-5) Nancy Reagan (/wiki/Nancy_Reagan) , Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) , and Claude Pompidou (/wiki/Claude_Pompidou) of France. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Tailored suits made from fur like the one first made for the Duchess of Windsor became a Maximilian speciality and were considered their innovation, [6] (#cite_note-6) as were full-length evening fur coats and pieces combining more than one type of fur. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Potok had a signature technique of treating sable fur (/wiki/Sable_fur) to make it appear plumper and richer, and for using mink fur that had been brushed upwards to make it look like sable. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Other innovations included furs dyed unusual colours, and mink coats made to resemble leopard or feathers. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Maximilian received the Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) twice, the first time in 1948 as a special award that was also awarded to two other furriers, Joseph de Leo and Esther Dorothy; and the second time in 1965, when the special award was presented directly to Potok. [7] (#cite_note-mcdowell-7) In 1950, Maximilian decided to invite Emeric Partos (/wiki/Emeric_Partos) of Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Paris, to do a guest collection for them. This resulted in Partos emigrating to New York, terminating his contract with Dior, and staying with Maximilian until 1955 when he was offered a job as head furrier for Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-el-9) Partos would himself receive the Coty for his fur designs in 1957. [7] (#cite_note-mcdowell-7) Other notable designers who worked for Maximilian included Betty Yokova (/wiki/Betty_Yokova) between 1948 and 1963, [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) and Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) in the 1990s. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1972, Maximilian made the furs for a successful advertising campaign funded by the mink farmers American Legend Cooperative (/wiki/American_Legend_Cooperative) , titled "What Becomes a Legend Most?" and featuring celebrities in luxurious Blackglama-branded mink. [13] (#cite_note-met-13) Lauren Bacall (/wiki/Lauren_Bacall) , who was the first to pose, received her Blackglama coat as payment. [13] (#cite_note-met-13) That same year, Potok sold the Maximilian company to a London-based fur dealers, Arthur Bartfeld, although she stayed on as a consultant until late 1986. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) Many of her clients were the children or grandchildren of her original customers in Poland, and the quality of her furs was so high that customers would bring in 15-year old furs still in perfect condition. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) The quality of Maximilian continued after the sale, with a 1978 article for Routes describing the ongoing creativity, uniqueness and extravagance of Potok and Gilles Dufour's designs for the brand and the wide range of garments, from raincoats to ponchoes (/wiki/Poncho) to short jackets. [14] (#cite_note-14) She was actively involved in designing for Maximilian well into her eighties, [2] (#cite_note-nemy-2) only retiring in January 1987, six months before her death. [1] (#cite_note-nyobit-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Morris, Bernadine (23 April 1987). "Anna M. Potok 89, Designer of Fur Styles for Celebrities" (https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/23/obituaries/anna-m-potok-89-designer-of-fur-styles-for-celebrities.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Nemy, Enid (5 April 1982). "A Trio of Octogenarians who Ignore the Calendar" (https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/05/style/a-trio-of-octogenarians-who-ignore-the-calendar.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Potok, Andrew 1931-" (https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/potok-andrew-1931) . www.encyclopedia.com . Encyclopedia.com. ^ Jump up to: a b Who was who in America . Marquis-Who's Who. 1989. p. 288. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8379-0217-3 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Birmingham, Stephen (1 December 2015). "The Rest of Us": The Rise of America's Eastern European Jews . Open Road Media. pp. 146–147. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5040-2629-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Deaths Elsewhere" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/04/24/deaths-elsewhere/62da8059-326c-42ac-8543-28d93590b48e/) . Washington Post . 24 April 1987 . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Fashion . Frederick Muller. pp. 299–301. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-584-11070-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Taylor, Angela (3 December 1975). "Emeric Partos, 70, Fur Designer Noted for Innovative Flair, Dead" (https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/03/archives/emeric-partos-70-fur-designer-noted-for-innovative-flair-dead.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 26 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-el_9-0) Lambert, Eleanor (4 October 1957). "Coty 'Winnie' Awards go to Three Top Designers" (https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-oct-04-1957-3287067/) . Corpus Christi Times . Retrieved 26 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Waistlines Are Lowered, Armholes Dropped in New Fall Furs; Jackets Replace Stoles in Maximilian Styles" (https://www.nytimes.com/1959/10/05/archives/waistlines-are-lowered-armholes-dropped-in-new-fall-furs-jackets.html) . The New York Times . 5 October 1959 . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Betty Yokova New York" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1147300/) . WWD . 2 May 1995 . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Karl takes a Powder" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1138383/) . WWD . 23 May 1995 . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Mink coat, Maximilian, 1972" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/106225?) . www.metmuseum.org . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) MacDonald, Leon (1 October 1978). "Fashion: Fur Fashion '78" (https://routes-mag.com/issue-1978-10-1/) . Routes . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . 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This article needs to be updated . Please help update this to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2020 ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Violent_Lips&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Violent+Lips&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Violent+Lips) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Violent_Lips) for suggestions. ( October 2019 ) Violent Lips, LLC Industry Consumer goods (/wiki/Consumer_goods) Founded 2011 Founders Jeff Haddad Headquarters Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) Products Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Website Violentlips.com (http://www.violentlips.com/) Violent Lips is a cosmetics company which commercializes temporary tattoo (/wiki/Temporary_tattoo) decals for the lips [1] (#cite_note-Micol_Passariello-1) that create designs not possible with traditional lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) , such as rainbows, animal prints, and polka dots. [2] (#cite_note-cosmopolitan1-2) History [ edit ] Violent Lips was founded by Jeff Haddad. [3] (#cite_note-allure1-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) At just 13 and 9 years old, Haddad's daughters were playing around with temporary tattoos. As a joke, they affixed them onto their lips and the idea for temporary lip art was born. [5] (#cite_note-allure.com-5) In 2011, Violent Lips partnered with Sugar Factory to launch candy-themed temp lip tattoos. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2014, Violent Lips were featured in a video from YouTuber grav3yardgirl (/wiki/Bunny_Meyer) 's series Does This Thing Really Work? which garnered over eight million views. In 2016, the company began making press-on emoji tattoos called Violent Lip "Minis". [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) These temporary tattoos could be applied to the lips or other areas of the face. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) The products have been worn by Khloé Kardashian, [8] (#cite_note-seventeen1-8) and her sisters Kendall, Khloe [9] (#cite_note-9) and Kylie Jenner, [10] (#cite_note-cosmopolitan2-10) as well as Keyshia Cole (/wiki/Keyshia_Cole) . [11] (#cite_note-11) As of January 14, 2024, the Violent Lips website was defunct. [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Micol_Passariello_1-0) Micol Passariello (2011-03-15). "Temporary Lip Tattoos" (http://www.vogue.it/en/beauty/beauty-news-and-blogs/2011/05/temporary-lip-tattoos) . Vogue.it . Retrieved 2011-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-cosmopolitan1_2-0) "Temporary Lip Tattoos - Review of Violent Lips Tattoos" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/hairstyles-beauty/beauty-blog/temporary-lip-tattoos-051011#ixzz1OdqcoIE7) . Cosmopolitan. 2011-05-10 . Retrieved 2011-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-allure1_3-0) "Temporary Lip Tattoos: Cool or Just Plain Cuckoo?: Daily Beauty Reporter: Daily Beauty Reporter" (http://www.allure.com/beauty-trends/blogs/daily-beauty-reporter/2011/05/temporary-lip-tattoos-cool-or-just-plain-cuckoo.html) . allure.com. 5 May 2011 . Retrieved 2011-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "About Us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111210151247/http://www.violentlips.com/pages/about-us) . Violent Lips. Archived from the original (http://www.violentlips.com/pages/about-us) on 2011-12-10 . Retrieved 2011-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-allure.com_5-0) "Temporary Lip Tattoos: Cool or Just Plain Cuckoo?" (http://www.allure.com/beauty-trends/blogs/daily-beauty-reporter/2011/05/temporary-lip-tattoos-cool-or-just-plain-cuckoo.html) . 5 May 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lo, Danica (2011-08-10). "Violent Lips Teams Up With Sugar Factory for Candy Lip Tattoos" (https://www.racked.com/2011/8/10/7754955/violent-lips-teams-up-with-sugar-factory-for-candy-lip-tattoos) . Racked . Retrieved 2022-07-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cardellino, Carly (2016-11-07). "Prepare to Be Obsessed With These Temporary ~Tiny Tattoos~ for Your Lips, Eyes, and Body" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/a8254623/tiny-emoji-tattoos/) . Cosmopolitan . Retrieved 2019-06-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-seventeen1_8-0) Magazine, Seventeen (2011-11-18). "Kardashian Beauty - Violent Lips" (https://www.seventeen.com/beauty/celeb-beauty/news/a16767/kardashians-violent-lips/) . Seventeen . Retrieved 2011-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Davis, Dawn (2011-11-03). "Khloe Kardashian Debuts a Lip Tattoo" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/hairstyles-beauty/beauty-blog/khloe-kardashian-glitter-lips-picture-110311) . Cosmopolitan . Retrieved 2022-07-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-cosmopolitan2_10-0) "Khloe Kardashian Violent Lip Picture - Picture of Khloe Kardashian Lip Tattoo" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/hairstyles-beauty/beauty-blog/khloe-kardashian-glitter-lips-picture-110311) . Cosmopolitan. 2011-11-03 . Retrieved 2011-12-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) " (https://www.essence.com/news/go-there-wednesdays-temporary-lip-tattoo/) 'Go There' Wednesdays: Temporary Lip Tattoos" (https://www.essence.com/news/go-there-wednesdays-temporary-lip-tattoo/) . Essence . Retrieved 2022-07-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Violent Lips" (https://web.archive.org/web/20240114155353/https://www.violentlips.com/) . Violent Lips . Archived from the original (https://www.violentlips.com) on 2024-01-14 . Retrieved 2024-06-15 . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.violentlips.com/) Microblading At Currie (https://curriedayspa.com/microblading/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐78789c78f5‐mkzcw Cached time: 20240701035417 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.275 seconds Real time usage: 0.446 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1602/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34028/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2345/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 49169/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.172/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5331485/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 348.482 1 -total 41.56% 144.824 1 Template:Reflist 36.02% 125.533 12 Template:Cite_web 32.36% 112.784 1 Template:Infobox_company 28.71% 100.062 1 Template:Infobox 20.79% 72.439 1 Template:Update 17.46% 60.844 2 Template:Ambox 16.26% 56.657 5 Template:Main_other 3.47% 12.101 1 Template:Orphan 2.59% 9.043 1 Template:Draft_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34001205-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701035417 and revision id 1229311767. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Violent_Lips&oldid=1229311767 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Violent_Lips&oldid=1229311767) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cosmetics companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_the_United_States) History of cosmetics (/wiki/Category:History_of_cosmetics) Lips (/wiki/Category:Lips) Tattooing (/wiki/Category:Tattooing) Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2020 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_July_2020) All Wikipedia articles in need of updating (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating) Orphaned articles from October 2019 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_October_2019) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles)
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐967764f4‐vx748 Cached time: 20240628040625 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76550859-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628040625 and revision id 1217703834. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "French fashion photographers" The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Fabien Baron (/wiki/Fabien_Baron) David Bellemere (/wiki/David_Bellemere) Gilles Bensimon (/wiki/Gilles_Bensimon) Pierre Berdoy (/wiki/Pierre_Berdoy) Guy Bourdin (/wiki/Guy_Bourdin) C Jean-Philippe Charbonnier (/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Charbonnier) D Lionel Deluy (/wiki/Lionel_Deluy) Patrick Demarchelier (/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier) Garance Doré (/wiki/Garance_Dor%C3%A9) F Frères Séeberger (/wiki/Fr%C3%A8res_S%C3%A9eberger) G Éric Guillemain (/wiki/%C3%89ric_Guillemain) J Jean-François Jonvelle (/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Jonvelle) L Jean-François Lepage (/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lepage) M Jean-Baptiste Mondino (/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Mondino) Sarah Moon (/wiki/Sarah_Moon) P Denis Piel (/wiki/Denis_Piel) S Roger Schall (/wiki/Roger_Schall) Stéphane Sednaoui (/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Sednaoui) Daniel Siboni (/wiki/Daniel_Siboni) T Maurice Tabard (/wiki/Maurice_Tabard) Paul Richard Thomas (/wiki/Paul_Richard_Thomas) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_fashion_photographers&oldid=1217703834 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:French_fashion_photographers&oldid=1217703834) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion photographers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_photographers) French photographers (/wiki/Category:French_photographers)
Men's fashion company Bernini Industry Men's fashion Headquarters Beverly Hills, California , United States Website https://www.bernini.com/ (https://www.bernini.com/) Bernini is a men's fashion company based in Beverly Hills (/wiki/Beverly_Hills) that was popularized in the 1990s and expanded rapidly into multiple stores. [1] (#cite_note-Curry-1) [2] (#cite_note-Huver-2) The clothing was sold out of a boutique store on Rodeo Drive (/wiki/Rodeo_Drive) before adding multiple locations there and elsewhere. [1] (#cite_note-Curry-1) [2] (#cite_note-Huver-2) [3] (#cite_note-Fodor2009-3) Bernini's stores were known as offering "the very best menswear", with some branches selling custom-made suits. [3] (#cite_note-Fodor2009-3) Pricing for a suit, shirt, and shoes could run into the thousands of dollars. [1] (#cite_note-Curry-1) Visitors to the line's many stores included celebrities like rapper Puff Daddy (/wiki/Puff_Daddy) and basketball player Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) . [1] (#cite_note-Curry-1) [4] (#cite_note-AP1997-4) Bernini suits were worn on-air by Love Connection (/wiki/Love_Connection) television show host Chuck Woolery (/wiki/Chuck_Woolery) , who was provided the suits by the company, as noted by the program announcer at the end of each show. [5] (#cite_note-David-5) By 1998, Bernini had expanded to three locations on Rodeo Drive, including the original store at 346 N. Rodeo, Bernini Sport at 326 N. Rodeo, and Bernini Couture at 355 N. Rodeo [6] (#cite_note-LAMag-6) —leading to the facetious observation that Rodeo Drive was "threatening to become 'Bernini Drive'". [2] (#cite_note-Huver-2) The company opened locations in large outlet shopping centers (/wiki/Outlet_shopping_center) , like in Cabazon, California (/wiki/Cabazon,_California) . [7] (#cite_note-NRB-7) In the late 1990s, the company opened "Off Rodeo Drive Beverly Hills" multi-brand superstores inside of Mills Corporation (/wiki/Mills_Corporation) shopping centers, including in Ontario, California (/wiki/Ontario,_California) ( Ontario Mills (/wiki/Ontario_Mills) ) and suburban Dallas-Fort Worth (/wiki/Dallas-Fort_Worth) ( Grapevine Mills (/wiki/Grapevine_Mills) ). [8] (#cite_note-Manning-8) [9] (#cite_note-Elder-9) [10] (#cite_note-Mirabella-10) The "Off Rodeo Drive" properties consisted of a corridor replicating the actual Rodeo Drive of Beverly Hills, with separate doorways leading to mini-stores for clothing brands such as Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) , Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Shauna Stein, Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , and Bernini. [8] (#cite_note-Manning-8) [9] (#cite_note-Elder-9) [10] (#cite_note-Mirabella-10) [11] (#cite_note-Pine-11) As of 2009, Bernini also operated a number of shops in Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , including a Bernini and "the fancy men's clothing store" [4] (#cite_note-AP1997-4) Bernini Collections at Caesars Palace Forum shops (/wiki/The_Forum_Shops_at_Caesars) , a Bernini Couture at Caesars Palace Appian Way shops, and The Bernini Collezioni at the MGM Grand (/wiki/MGM_Grand_Las_Vegas) , selling items from other companies including Brioni (/wiki/Brioni_(fashion)) , Canali (/wiki/Canali) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , and Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) . [3] (#cite_note-Fodor2009-3) Bernini's owner is Yousuf Tar, who previously owned a clothing boutique in South Africa (/wiki/South_Africa) and Burton's of Santa Monica. [12] (#cite_note-D&B-12) [13] (#cite_note-Bloomberg-13) [5] (#cite_note-David-5) [14] (#cite_note-Menkedick-14) Tar, a billionaire, has been known in the region for his residence, a Bel Air (/wiki/Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles) mansion (/wiki/Mansion) nicknamed the 'Tar Mahal' or the 'Chateau d'Or', which was nearly purchased by Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) shortly before the entertainer's death in 2009 (/wiki/Death_of_Michael_Jackson) . [5] (#cite_note-David-5) [14] (#cite_note-Menkedick-14) [15] (#cite_note-Steeple-15) As of 2021, Bernini's owner is billionaire real estate developer Imtiaz Tar alongside Muhammad and Deen Tar, a privately owned multi-million dollar company operating retail shops including at the highest sales per square foot mall in the USA, The Forum Shops at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Sales include brick and mortar, wholesale, and e-commerce sales at www.bernini.com. Merchandise include Bernini signature products and classic fragrances with outerwear designs from exotic skins including alligator, crocodile, stingray, ostrich, and python ranging from $2000-100,000 USD. [5] (#cite_note-David-5) [14] (#cite_note-Menkedick-14) [15] (#cite_note-Steeple-15) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Curry, Mark (2009). Dancing with the Devil: How Puff Burned the Bad Boys of Hip-Hop . NewMark Books. p. 111. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780615276502 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Huver, Scott; Kaczinski Dunn, Mia (2001). Inside Rodeo Drive: The stores, the stars, the story . Angel City Press. p. 82. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781883318475 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Fodor's Las Vegas 2009 . Random House (/wiki/Random_House) . 18 November 2008. p. 199. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781400007028 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Jordan misses Bennett's show" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=348&dat=19970831&id=t3UwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ADcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4870,9342982) . Rome News-Tribune (/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune) . Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . August 31, 1997. p. 10-B. ^ Jump up to: a b c d David, Mark (October 28, 2009). "Was Michael Jackson House Hunting Before He Passed on to the Great Gloved One in the Sky?" (https://variety.com/2009/dirt/real-estalker/was-michael-jackson-house-hunting-before-he-passed-on-to-the-great-gloved-one-in-the-sky-2151/) . Variety.com (/wiki/Variety.com) . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-LAMag_6-0) "Find hidden treasure on the most famous Famous Street of all" (https://books.google.com/books?id=-F0EAAAAMBAJ&dq=bernini&pg=PA56-IA2) . Los Angeles Magazine (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine) . August 1998. p. 58. ^ (#cite_ref-NRB_7-0) "NRB Shopping Center Directory" (https://books.google.com/books?id=Fd8dAQAAMAAJ&q=cabazon+%22bernini%22) . National Research Bureau. 2004 . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Manning, Sue (November 26, 1997). "California Mall a 'Mighty' Big Draw" (https://www.apnews.com/7ba848128f3328bc6395b107169d38e3) . The Associated Press (/wiki/The_Associated_Press) . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Elder, Laura (March 1, 1998). "Megamall unveils tenant mix, Virgin finally arrives in Katy" (https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/1998/03/02/newscolumn1.html) . Houston Business Journal (/wiki/Houston_Business_Journal) . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mirabella, Lorraine (July 11, 1999). "Shop for the fun of it; Malls: The line between shopping and entertainment is often blurred at the new Mills Corp. malls; Anne Arundel County will have a groundbreaking for one Thursday" (https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1999-07-11-9907100218-story.html) . The Baltimore Sun (/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun) . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pine_11-0) Pine, B. Joseph; Gilmore, James H. (2000). La economía de la experiencia: el trabajo es teatro y cada empresa es un escenario (in Spanish). Ediciones Granica. p. 277. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789685015257 . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-D&B_12-0) D&B Million Dollar Directory: America's Leading Public & Private Companies . Vol. 1. Dun & Bradstreet (/wiki/Dun_%26_Bradstreet) . 1999. p. 521 . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bloomberg_13-0) "Company Overview of Bernini, Inc" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=5996844&privcapId=4304395&previousCapId=4304395&previousTitle=Bernini,%20Inc.) . Bloomberg LP (/wiki/Bloomberg_LP) . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Menkedick, Sarah (July 2014). "Good Pilgrims: Why Mexican immigrants are moving back home" (https://harpers.org/archive/2014/07/good-pilgrims/3/) . Harper's (/wiki/Harper%27s) . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Steeples, Matthew (2013). "Tarred by Paparazzi: The bonfire sale of a monster of a mansion that has had a $15 million price reduction" (http://thesteepletimes.com/opulence-splendour/tarred-by-paparazzi) . The Steeple Times . Retrieved March 22, 2019 . This product (/wiki/Product_(business)) article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Part of a shoe Shoes with a variety of differing toe boxes The toe box is the section of footwear (/wiki/Footwear) that surrounds the toes on closed-toe shoes. [1] (#cite_note-design-1) Toe boxes that are too tight can cause injuries and foot deformities (/wiki/Foot_deformity) , whereas wider toe boxes may be used to treat or prevent common foot conditions such as Morton's neuroma (/wiki/Morton%27s_neuroma) . Toe boxes come in a variety of shapes and styles of construction, some of which are a matter of fashion, and some of which are designed for specialized functions. Fitting [ edit ] If the toes overhang when standing on the removed insole (right), then they will be cramped inside the toe box (left) The toe box of a shoe should fit the wearer's foot without cramping or compressing it. A simple way to test if a toe box is too tight is to take out the insole of the shoe and stand on it. If the toes overhang the insole, the toe box is too small for the foot. [2] (#cite_note-2) The toe box also needs enough extra room to accommodate movements of the foot, such as lengthening arches and the splay of the toes. [3] (#cite_note-fitting-3) With each step, ankles and feet bend, toes spread and flex, [3] (#cite_note-fitting-3) and the arches of the foot (/wiki/Arches_of_the_foot) flatten and rebound. Because the arches flatten, [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) the foot lengthens [5] (#cite_note-ballet-5) [3] (#cite_note-fitting-3) and widens as it takes weight. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 82–83 Weight-bearing causes the foot to widen across the ball (/wiki/Ball_(foot)) by up to 0.5 inches (1.3 cm). A foot with a higher longitudinal arch will lengthen more in use, and more room in front of the toes may be needed. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 82–83 When running, weight is shifted onto the ball and toes of the foot, with the heel barely touching the ground. A narrow toe box therefore hinders function more. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 33 High heels also shift weigh onto the toes. Issues caused by poorly-fitting toe boxes [ edit ] Generally, toes should not touch the toe box itself, at the end or at the sides. Toe boxes that put pressure on the foot slowly produce permanent deformities; [6] (#cite_note-cost-6) toe boxes that strike the toes cause bruising; and toe boxes that rub hurt the skin. [7] (#cite_note-marathon-7) Narrowed toe boxes may also be linked to metatarsalgia (/wiki/Metatarsalgia) (pain in the midfoot), metatarsal stress fracture (/wiki/Metatarsal_stress_fracture) , Haglund syndrome (/wiki/Haglund_syndrome) , Freiberg infraction (/wiki/Freiberg_infraction) , and Morton's neuroma (/wiki/Morton%27s_neuroma) . They can also aggravate bursitis (/wiki/Bursitis) . [8] (#cite_note-imaging-8) Joint deformities [ edit ] Too-tight toe boxes can permanently deform the foot, [6] (#cite_note-cost-6) weakening it enough to significantly impair function. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 106, 110–113 Tight socks can have similar effects, especially if the foot is already fairly deformed. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 105138 Roomy toe boxes which permit free movement help, with improvement of deformities of the foot depending on the degree of severity and duration of the deformity, and the age of the patient. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 107, 112 If too-narrow and too-short toe boxes have previously been worn, the muscles of the arches will be weaker; the foot may expand more, and the muscles may feel tired and painful until they strengthen. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 83 Foot exercise and broader shoes tend to thicken and widen the foot; a re-fitting after six months may be needed, although after that the shoe size of adults generally stabilizes. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 90 Bunions [ edit ] Shoes which put pressure on the outside edge of the big toe cause bunion (/wiki/Bunion) (bending of the big toe sideways towards the other toes). Bunion prevention requires a shoe with a sole which does not taper on that side, so that the big toe can point in its natural direction. [6] (#cite_note-cost-6) [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 103–105 Any material bunion deformity appreciably weakens the foot; the sideways shift in the big toe decreases leverage and shifts weight-bearing. However, this deformity is very common. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 105 A bunionette (/wiki/Tailor%27s_bunion) , a similar inwards bending of the little toe, is caused by a too-narrow toe box which puts pressure on the other side of the toes; it is not uncommon, but generally causes less impairment, as the little toe is less mechanically important. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 105 The 1993 American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (/wiki/American_Orthopaedic_Foot_and_Ankle_Society) Women’s Shoe Survey found that women who wore shoes no more than 0.5 cm narrower than their feet (12% of those surveyed) very rarely had foot pain and had less foot deformity than the average woman (who wore shoes 1.2 cm narrower than her foot). Of women who wore shoes that were more than 0.5 cm narrower than their feet, 80% had foot pain and 73 percent were orthopaedic (/wiki/Orthopaedic) patients. [6] (#cite_note-cost-6) Women over 50 who remember wearing narrow toe boxes in their 20s and 30s are more likely to have foot pain and bunions (/wiki/Bunion) . [1] (#cite_note-design-1) Severe bunions can develop into crossover toes (/w/index.php?title=Crossover_toe&action=edit&redlink=1) , where the toes overlap. [8] (#cite_note-imaging-8) Crossover toes are initially flexible, and can be uncrossed with the fingers, but spring back. If left, eventually the soft tissue scars and tightens, and it becomes impossible to uncross the toes. [9] (#cite_note-lesser-9) Hammertoes [ edit ] Tight toe boxes are the most common cause of hammertoes (/wiki/Hammer_toe) , mallet toes (/wiki/Mallet_toe) and claw toes (/wiki/Claw_toes) . A too-small toe box forces the toes to bend; eventually, the ligaments shorten, the joint capsule tightens, and the toes no longer relax to a straight position when taken out of the shoes. If the ligaments continue to tighten, it may become impossible to straighten the toes. [10] (#cite_note-harvard-10) [9] (#cite_note-lesser-9) Wearing wide, roomy toe boxes which are longer than the longest toe, and are not tight or painful anywhere, prevents and treats hammertoes. High heels can force the toes forwards against the ends of the toe box, and should also be avoided (both to prevent hammertoes and to treat them). [10] (#cite_note-harvard-10) Shoes should fasten such that the toes do not slide into a collision with the end of the toe box, especially when walking downhill. [7] (#cite_note-marathon-7) Skin and nail problems [ edit ] Right column: the shoe is loose, and when walking, particularly downhill, the foot slides back and forth within the shoe. Center: there is too little ease for arches to extend when walking, and the shoe is too tight. Left: a properly-fitting shoe. Blisters and calluses [ edit ] Ill-fitting toe boxes can rub against the foot, causing blisters (/wiki/Blisters) , [7] (#cite_note-marathon-7) and eventually calluses (/wiki/Callus) and corns (/wiki/Corn_(medicine)) . These often occur on the toes and the balls of the foot. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 110–113 [7] (#cite_note-marathon-7) Foot deformation and dysfunction can encourage calluses to form. [7] (#cite_note-marathon-7) Jogger's toes [ edit ] If the toe box does not have enough room around the toes, or the foot can slide forwards far enough to jam the toes into the end of the toe box, it can also cause black toenail (/wiki/Subungual_hematoma) (also known as jogger's toe). [7] (#cite_note-marathon-7) The toes also need vertical space; a toe cap which is low enough to press on the top of the toe may also cause bruising under the nail, especially if the toe cap is stiff. If the toe box is pointed, the toes may be wedged forwards into the area with inadequate height. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 52–53, 135 Ingrown toenails [ edit ] Narrow pointed shoes (or tight socks) can be a factor in causing ingrown toenails. [11] (#cite_note-11) Vertical profile [ edit ] Toes boxes are either structured (with a three-dimensional shape, often produced with a thermoplastic interlayer) or unstructured. Structuring mostly affects the depth of the toe box. [12] (#cite_note-12) Some moccasins (/wiki/Moccasins) have wide, unstructured toe boxes, somewhat loose on the foot, which allow toe splay. [13] (#cite_note-why-13) Many toe boxes also include toe spring, where the sole curves up towards the toes. When the shoe is flexible enough to bend with the foot, at the ball of the foot, this is not needed. [ citation needed ] Most toe boxes, at a point 5 cm (2.0 in) from the tip, are roughly 44 mm (1.7 in) deep, regardless of style. [14] (#cite_note-14) Especially wide and deep toe boxes may be used to provide space for foot deformities and foot orthotics. [15] (#cite_note-15) A pair of boots with symmetrically-pointed unstructured square toe boxes. Entirely wooden clogs (/wiki/Clogs) are rigid. While they are fairly foot-shaped inside, they often have bulky, pointed "duck-tail" external toe boxes, with substantial external toe spring. The internal and external shape of a wooden clog allows the shoes to rock forwards, so the foot can push off in a fairly normal gait. Horizontal profile [ edit ] Toe boxes also come in various widths and horizontal-plane shapes. Foot-shaped toe boxes are rare. [16] (#cite_note-footshape-16) Most toe boxes are widest at the ball of the foot, then taper towards the toes, although the foot widens from the base of the toes forwards. [17] (#cite_note-17) Toe boxes often taper symmetrically, from both sides; [18] (#cite_note-18) feet do not. If toe box taper is wide enough that it is outside the space needed by the foot, a tapered toe box can be comfortable. [16] (#cite_note-footshape-16) Many shoes have a toe box which is excessively narrow in relation to heel width; if a sufficiently wide toe box can be picked out, the shoe will often be loose on the heel. Some shoe manufacturers make "split sizes", where the toe and heel size are varied independently, on a combination last (/w/index.php?title=Combination_last&action=edit&redlink=1) . [6] (#cite_note-cost-6) The shape of an adult foot which has never worn shoes (left), contrasted with a foot with mild bunion (/wiki/Bunion) . [ citation needed ] The longitudinal line is "Meyer's line", a measure of foot deformity. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 104 A rounded, asymmetical toe box, probably fairly deep. The toe box does not narrow on the inside, allowing the big toe to point straight forward Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) are turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoes) which have toe boxes with protruding points Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasins) are turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoes) . These ones have wide, asymmetrical, rounded toe boxes Split toe boxes [ edit ] Some toe boxes are split. Some are split into two pockets, like those of jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) ; others are split into more pockets. Five-pocket toe boxes, with one pocket per toe, can be difficult to fit, as each pocket may be too long, too short, too wide, or too narrow. Splitting the toe box helps allow toe splay and gripping. [19] (#cite_note-19) [13] (#cite_note-why-13) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) with a split two-pocket tabi (/wiki/Tabi) toe box Five-toed shoes, transparent. It can be seen that the wearer's big toes are a bit too long for their pockets, and the small toes too short. A more conventional shoe with a five-pocket toe box Four-pocket toe box Applications [ edit ] Military [ edit ] An early 20th century survey by the United States Army Medical Corps (/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Corps) 's Army Shoe Board found that less than five percent of the enlisted men had good feet, and attributed most of the problems to poor shoe fit (including civilian shoes). [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 101–102 The toe boxes of the new military-issue shoes were therefore designed to fit mildly deformed rather than undeformed feet. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 104–105 The Shoe Board recognized that fit would be imperfect, and recommended breaking in new shoes rapidly by standing in them in 3 inches (76 mm) of water for up to 5 minutes, to soak the leather through, and then walking on a level surface outdoors for up to 1 hour, or until the shoes have dried. Failing this, they suggested breaking them in by wearing them for initially short periods, progressively lengthened, to break in the shoe rather than the foot. They also recommended using special shoe stretchers with removable pegs to stretch the toe boxes wider, and stretch bumps over blisters, corns, and bunions. [4] (#cite_note-usmilit-4) : 88–90 Ballet [ edit ] Toe box of a ballet shoe, a rigid shell tightly covered in satin. The flat platform at the end of the toe box bears the dancer's whole weight when en pointe . Ballet pointe shoes (/wiki/Pointe_shoes) have highly specialized toe boxes, as the end of the toe boxes, called the platform, must bear a dancer's entire weight when dancing en pointe . This is a pressure (/wiki/Pressure) of about 220 psi or 1.5 MPa. When a dancer leaps and lands en pointe , the higher transient load (/wiki/Transient_load) , acting on the same area, briefly creates a much higher pressure. The toe box is a rigid socket, built from layers of paper, glue, and fabric (usually burlap (/wiki/Burlap) ), and covered with a satin fabric. They sometimes contain plastic, but this tends to produce a stiff shoe and is not popular. The toe boxes start out too stiff to dance in, and must be broken in; after a certain amount of dancing, depending on technique and conditions, the toe boxes become too soft to support the foot. Reinforcement with fresh glue may postpone the date when the shoes must be replaced. [5] (#cite_note-ballet-5) The toe box of a pointe shoe must be carefully fitted, with width of the toe box according with the dancer's toe shape. When the dancer stand with the feet pointing straight ahead and parallel (sixth position), and bends their knees deeply without raising their heels from the floor (a demi-plié), the feet lengthen; the toes should just touch the platform when in this position. The top of the toe box should be long enough that the throat (edge) falls a bit beyond the far end of the third phalanx (/wiki/Phalanges) , covering it entirely. Dancers often wear specialized padding around and between their toes. [5] (#cite_note-ballet-5) Creasing [ edit ] A stiff, multipiece shoe with toe caps, which has been left on the last (/wiki/Shoe_last) a long time, will crease less across the toe box. Leather quality has little effect. Using a shoe tree and a shoehorn will reduce creasing. Creasing is a cosmetic concern, but generally does not impair function. [20] (#cite_note-20) See also [ edit ] Steel-toe boot (/wiki/Steel-toe_boot) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Jellema, AH; Huysmans, T; Hartholt, K; van der Cammen, TJM (September 2019). "Shoe design for older adults: Evidence from a systematic review on the elements of optimal footwear" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334536232) . Maturitas . 127 : 64–81. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.06.002 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.maturitas.2019.06.002) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 1765/117473 (https://hdl.handle.net/1765%2F117473) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 31351522 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31351522) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Allan, Isom (19 April 2016). "Is Your Toe Box Wide Enough? The Simple Test for Running Success" (https://www.cbphysicaltherapy.com/toe-box-wide-enough-simple-test-ensure-running-success/) . Coury & Buehler Physical Therapy . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Our Shoe Fitting Process" (https://www.charmcityrun.com/fit/) . Charm City Run . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Munson, Edward Lyman (1912). The soldier's foot and the military shoe; a handbook for officers and noncommissioned officers of the line . Menasha, Wis.: Press of the George Banta publishing company. (this is the publication of a four-year review into the footwear of the US military by the Army Shoe Board, of which the author (/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson) , a physician and senior officer of the United States Army Medical Corps (/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Corps) , is president.) ^ Jump up to: a b c Shah, Selina (April 2010). "Pointe shoes complicate biomechanics of ballet" (https://lermagazine.com/article/pointe-shoes-complicate-biomechanics-of-balle) . Lower Extremity Review Magazine . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Coughlin, MJ; Thompson, FM (1995). "The high price of high-fashion footwear" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191118004331/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/108b/86467a149711f635e6583a352e928b2ab1b3.pdf) (PDF) . Instructional Course Lectures . 44 (10): 371–7. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2106/00004623-199410000-00022 (https://doi.org/10.2106%2F00004623-199410000-00022) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 7797875 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7797875) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 29979737 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29979737) . Archived from the original (https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/108b/86467a149711f635e6583a352e928b2ab1b3.pdf) (PDF) on 2019-11-18. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Mailler, EA; Adams, BB (August 2004). "The wear and tear of 26.2: dermatological injuries reported on marathon day" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1724877) . British Journal of Sports Medicine . 38 (4): 498–501. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1136/bjsm.2004.011874 (https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjsm.2004.011874) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 1724877 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1724877) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 15273194 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15273194) . ^ Jump up to: a b Goud, A; Khurana, B; Chiodo, C; Weissman, BN (April 2011). "Women's musculoskeletal foot conditions exacerbated by shoe wear: an imaging perspective" (https://cdn.mdedge.com/files/s3fs-public/Document/September-2017/040040183.pdf) (PDF) . American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.) . 40 (4): 183–91. PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 21731927 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21731927) . (free fulltext) ^ Jump up to: a b Malhotra, K; Davda, K; Singh, D (November 2016). "The pathology and management of lesser toe deformities" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5367573) . EFORT Open Reviews . 1 (11): 409–419. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1302/2058-5241.1.160017 (https://doi.org/10.1302%2F2058-5241.1.160017) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 5367573 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5367573) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 28461920 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28461920) . ^ Jump up to: a b Publishing, Harvard Health (12 December 2014). "Hammertoe" (https://www.health.harvard.edu/feet-and-foot-care/hammertoe) . Harvard Health . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Haneke, E (2012). "Controversies in the treatment of ingrown nails" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362847) . Dermatology Research and Practice . 2012 : 783924. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1155/2012/783924 (https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2012%2F783924) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 3362847 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362847) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 22675345 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675345) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Structured vs Unstructured Toe Box and Shoe Sizing" (https://auntay.com/structured-vs-unstructured-toe-shoe-sizing/) . Aun Three Photography . 24 January 2018. ^ Jump up to: a b Justin (Mar 21, 2011). "Why Toe Shoes? The Benefits of Toe Separation for Barefoot Feel and Shoe Functionality" (https://birthdayshoes.com/why-toe-shoes) . Birthday Shoes . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kaye, RA (March 1994). "The extra-depth toe box: a rational approach". Foot & Ankle International . 15 (3): 146–50. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/107110079401500310 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F107110079401500310) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 7951943 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7951943) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 25641541 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25641541) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Frecklington, M; Dalbeth, N (/wiki/Nicola_Dalbeth) ; McNair, P; Gow, P; Williams, A; Carroll, M; Rome, K (June 2018). "Footwear interventions for foot pain, function, impairment and disability for people with foot and ankle arthritis: A literature review" (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.semarthrit.2017.10.017) . Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism . 47 (6): 814–824. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.10.017 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.semarthrit.2017.10.017) . hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 10292/12670 (https://hdl.handle.net/10292%2F12670) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 29174793 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29174793) . ^ Jump up to: a b Larson, Peter (March 30, 2011). "Altra Instinct Running Shoe Review: Zero Drop, Foot Shaped, and Cushioned" (https://runblogger.com/2011/03/altra-instinct-running-shoe-review-zero.html) . runblogger.com . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Wide Shoes vs. Wide Toe Box: What Keeps Feet Comfortable?" (https://www.somfootwear.com/blogs/news/wide-shoes-vs-wide-toe-box-what-keeps-feet-comfortable) . SOM Sense Of Motion Footwear . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Branthwaite, H; Chockalingam, N; Greenhalgh, A (2013). "The effect of shoe toe box shape and volume on forefoot interdigital and plantar pressures in healthy females" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737013) . Journal of Foot and Ankle Research . 6 : 28. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1186/1757-1146-6-28 (https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1757-1146-6-28) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 3737013 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737013) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 23886242 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23886242) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Split Toe (Tabi) Shoes and Why You Want Them" (http://toesalad.com/articles/split-toe-tabi-shoes-and-why-you-want-them/) . Toe Salad . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "4 Factors That Lead To Unsightly Leather Dress Shoe Creasing And How to Prevent Them" (https://custommade.com.sg/blog/4-factors-that-lead-to-unsightly-casual-formal-leather-dress-shoes-creasing-and-how-to-prevent-them) . CustomMade . 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Knitwear factory in Croatia, 1923–2016 Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec d.d. Company type Public company Industry Knitwear products Founded 1923 Defunct 2016 Fate Bankruptcy Headquarters Čakovec (/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec) , Croatia Products underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , outerwear (/wiki/Outerwear) , infant clothing (/wiki/Infant_clothing) , hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) , haberdashery (/wiki/Haberdasher) etc. Net income (/wiki/Net_income) total revenue: HRK (/wiki/Croatian_kuna) 103,360,278.00 (2001) Total assets (/wiki/Asset) HRK (/wiki/Croatian_kuna) 139,037,143.00 (2001) Number of employees ~3,500 (1980s) Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec (English: "Međimurje Knitwear Factory, Čakovec" ) was a Croatian (/wiki/Croatia) knitwear (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) factory based in Čakovec (/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec) , Međimurje County (/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_County) . Also known by the abbreviation MTČ, the company was one of the largest textile (/wiki/Textile) producers [1] (#cite_note-1) in the country, dealing with the production (/wiki/Manufacturing) and sales (/wiki/Sales) of knitted (/wiki/Knitting) products. Founded in 1923 [2] (#cite_note-2) in Čakovec as a joint-stock company (/wiki/Joint-stock_company) ( Croatian (/wiki/Croatian_language) : "d.d." ) of the Graner brothers, entrepreneurs of Jewish (/wiki/Jews_in_Croatia) origin, [3] (#cite_note-3) which produced ribbons (/wiki/Ribbon) and socks (/wiki/Socks) at the very beginning, MTČ was nationalized (/wiki/Nationalization) after the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) (1945/46) and constantly increased production as well as the number of employees (/wiki/Employee) over the next few decades. In 1995, due to binding privatization (/wiki/Privatization_in_Croatia) laws, the factory was harmonized with the valid Companies Act, and in 1996 restructured (/wiki/Restructuring) and divided into several affiliated companies. Getting into business difficulties, most of these companies, including the parent company (/wiki/Holding_company) , ceased to exist by 2016. [4] (#cite_note-4) Basic data [ edit ] MTČ was an industrial (/wiki/Industry_(manufacturing)) giant, the second largest company in Međimurje (/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_(region)) by the number of employees (/wiki/Employment) , of whom there were around 3500 at the time of the boom (/wiki/Economic_expansion) in the 1980s. At the same time, the largest company in region was GK "Međimurje" Čakovec, a construction company with over 8000 employees. [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] Moritz Graner, one of the founders of the factory MTČ socks factory in Čakovec (/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec) suburb The history of Međimurska Trikotaža Čakovec goes back to 1923, when a factory of ribbons and laces for shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) was founded in Čakovec and subsequently started operating in January of that year. Its founders were the brothers Hinko, Moritz and Max Graner, entrepreneurs from Čakovec of Jewish origin. In 1924 the factory, which was called "Braća Graner", [6] (#cite_note-6) expanded its business and began to produce socks. In the 1930s, several new businessmen invested (/wiki/Investment) in the factory, several dozen of new workers were employed and the production of knitted articles began, so that the company became one of the largest in its branch in Central Europe. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1936, the last of the brothers died and Hinko's son Miroslav Graner became the owner. At the end of the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) the company was expropriated, and the new communist government nationalized (/wiki/Nationalization) privately owned assets (/wiki/Asset) of the Graner family into public assets, i.e. state ownership (/wiki/State_ownership) . The name of the company was changed in 1946 to "Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec". [8] (#cite_note-8) Around 500 workers were employed in the factory in the first post-war years, and it produced underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , outerwear (/wiki/Outerwear) , socks (/wiki/Socks) , haberdashery (/wiki/Haberdasher) products ( ribbons (/wiki/Ribbon) , shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelace) ) etc. In addition to Čakovec, several new subsidiary factories were also established in some other settlements in Međimurje region ( Mursko Središće (/wiki/Mursko_Sredi%C5%A1%C4%87e) , Kotoriba (/wiki/Kotoriba) , Turčišće (/wiki/Tur%C4%8Di%C5%A1%C4%87e) ). The number of employees was constantly increasing, so that in 1962 there were 1,940 of them, and in the 1980s this number reached 3,500. During the late socialist period in the former federal state, MTČ was organized [9] (#cite_note-9) as a " labour (/wiki/Work_(human_activity)) organization" (RO) that included several so called "basic organizations of associated work" (OOUR). [10] (#cite_note-10) The information published in the media (/wiki/News_media) in that period about the physical volume of production in MTČ said that there were more than 10 million knitted products, 11 million pairs of socks and more than 100 million meters of MTČ's haberdashery products on the market. [11] (#cite_note-11) In its OOURs, the company had plants for the production of raw and finished knitted material (including dyeing (/wiki/Dyeing) ) and its storage, as well as modelling (/wiki/Model) workshop (where samples and models of finished products were made), a tailoring (/wiki/Tailor) department, a sewing (/wiki/Sewing) unit, a packaging (/wiki/Packaging) section and a warehouse (/wiki/Warehouse) of finished goods (/wiki/Finished_goods) . There were also separate factories for the production of socks, stockings (/wiki/Stocking) and haberdashery, as well as units for technical and auxiliary work, including maintenance (/wiki/Maintenance_(technical)) of machines, transport (/wiki/Transport) and workers' restaurant (/wiki/Restaurant) . In the knitting factory there were various machines producing numerous types of knitted materials (/wiki/Knitted_fabric) in diverse widths, from cotton- fine rib , single jersey (/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)) and interlock to knitted terry (/wiki/Terrycloth) , plush (/wiki/Plush) and others, made in general from a mixture of cotton (/wiki/Cotton) and artificial fibers (/wiki/Artificial_fiber) (mainly acetate (/wiki/Acetate) , polyester (/wiki/Polyester) and polyamide (/wiki/Polyamide) ). Various ready-made knitted products [12] (#cite_note-12) were cut and sewn from these materials, from infant clothing (/wiki/Infant_clothing) (e.g. baby undershirts (/wiki/Undershirt) , bodysuits, sleepsuits, rompers (/wiki/Romper_suit) , or baby and toddler overalls (/wiki/Overalls) ), over children's, women's and men's underwear, to pyjamas (/wiki/Pyjamas) , T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , polo shirts (/wiki/Polo_shirt) , sweatshirts (/wiki/Sweatshirt) , sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) , tracksuits (/wiki/Tracksuit) , swimsuits (/wiki/Swimsuit) and many other items. [13] (#cite_note-13) One of MTČ’s shops in Čakovec At the beginning of the 1990s, as the independent Republic of Croatia was established, a big change occurred, because the so-called social enterprise MTČ was reprivatized (/wiki/Reprivatization) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Due to its complexity, the process of conversion and privatization took several years, so Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec was registered in the Commercial court (/wiki/Commercial_court) register (/wiki/Company_register) in Varaždin (/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin) , under registration number 1-154, as “Međimurska trikotaža, joint-stock company (/wiki/Joint-stock_company) , Čakovec”, and by decision of the Commercial Court in Varaždin from 30 November 1995, harmonization of general acts with the Commercial law (/wiki/Commercial_law) was carried out. Soon after reprivatization, the company was split into several smaller ones, first in the form of limited liability companies, and then as joint-stock companies, among which were MTČ d.d. Čakovec (as holding company (/wiki/Holding_company) ), MTČ Tvornica rublja d.d. Čakovec, MTČ Tvornica čarapa d.d. Čakovec, MTČ Tvornica dječje trikotače d.d. Prelog, MTČ Tvornica konfekcije d.d. Kotoriba, MTČ Tvornica trikotaže d.d. Štrigova, MTČ Tvornica športske odjeće d.d. Čakovec and MTČ Međunarodna špedicija I transport d.d. Čakovec. [15] (#cite_note-15) In the following years, further organizational changes took place, the business results began to worsen, losses occurred more and more often, and in the end, most of the companies ended up in bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) [16] (#cite_note-16) and finally in liquidation (/wiki/Liquidation) . Business premises (buildings, land etc.) of liquidated companies were sold at auction (/wiki/Auction) , and some factory buildings, mostly in poor condition, were demolished by new owners. [17] (#cite_note-17) Legacy [ edit ] Abandoned production (tailoring department) hall of MTČ in the center of Čakovec before demolition Among the companies that survived bankruptcy and arose from the former MTČ group, only "MTČ Tvornica trikotaže d.d." Štrigova is active today, [18] (#cite_note-18) producing almost exclusively infant clothing. In Mursko Središće (/wiki/Mursko_Sredi%C5%A1%C4%87e) , the former local MTČ factory for the production of ribbons, shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) and laces changed the ownership and was renamed Pozamanterija - m.t.č. d.o.o. (P-m.t.č. d.o.o.), [19] (#cite_note-19) under which name it still operates today. In Čakovec, there are two sister companies called Enigma design d.o.o. and Enigma stars d.o.o., [20] (#cite_note-20) established in 2013 and 2014, which produce and sell knitted products under the brand names (/wiki/Brand) MTČ and Enigma, [21] (#cite_note-21) mostly men's and women's underwear. See also [ edit ] Industry of Croatia (/wiki/Industry_of_Croatia) History of clothing and textiles (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Čakovečki mlinovi (/wiki/%C4%8Cakove%C4%8Dki_mlinovi) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "History of textile manufacturing and production in Croatia" (https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/346612) . 2019 Yearbook of the Croatian Academy of Technical Sciences, p. 90 (in Croatian). 2020-05-20 . Retrieved 2023-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec (MTČ)" (https://tehnika.lzmk.hr/medimurska-trikotaza-cakovec/) . Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija (in Croatian). 2019-06-06 . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Graner, Hinko (Heinrich)" (https://zbl.lzmk.hr/?p=98) . Jewish biographical lexicon (in Croatian). 2023-01-26 . Retrieved 2023-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Court Register of a Business Entity - Commercial Court in Varaždin" (https://sudreg.pravosudje.hr/registar/f?p=150:28:0::NO:28:P28_SBT_MBS:070004160) . Court Register of the Republic of Croatia (in Croatian). 2017-04-14 . Retrieved 2023-01-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Beti, Ivica (2019-04-15). "KAKO SU PROPADALE TVRTKE Radnicima plaće davali u bonovima, na naplatu počeli dolaziti krediti" (https://emedjimurje.net.hr/vijesti/gospodarstvo/3432413/kako-su-propadale-tvrtke-radnicima-place-davali-u-bonovima-na-naplatu-poceli-dolaziti-krediti/) [How companies went bankrupt]. eMedjimurje (in Croatian) . Retrieved 2023-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kraus, Ognjen (1998-04-01). "Dva stoljeća povijesti i kulture Židova u Zagrebu i Hrvatskoj" (https://www.jevrejskadigitalnabiblioteka.rs/handle/123456789/1770?locale-attribute=en) [Two centuries of Jewish history and culture in Zagreb and Croatia]. Jewish Digital Library (in Croatian) . Retrieved 2023-06-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec (MTČ)" (https://tehnika.lzmk.hr/medimurska-trikotaza-cakovec/) . Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija (in Croatian). 2019-06-06 . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) " (https://books.google.com/books?id=HL8btiywc64C&q=%22Me%C4%91imurska+trikota%C5%BEa+%C4%8Cakovec%22+-wikipedia) "Narodne novine" - official journal: Final Accounts of Business Organizations", 1955, p. 354" (https://books.google.com/books?id=HL8btiywc64C&q=%22Me%C4%91imurska+trikota%C5%BEa+%C4%8Cakovec%22+-wikipedia) . Narodne novine (in Croatian). 1955-05-22 . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Branđolica, Tomislav (2010-06-08). "Poduzetnička historija i hrvatska historiografija nakon 1945" (https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/273858) [Entrepreneurial History and Croatian Historiography after 1945]. "Pro Tempore" magazin, No.8/9, 2010 (in Croatian) . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Službeni list SFRJ - Official Journal of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, No. 43/1987" (https://books.google.com/books?id=jr0bAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Me%C4%91imurska+trikota%C5%BEa+%C4%8Cakovec%22+-wikipedia) . Official Journal of the SFRJ (in Croatian). 1987-06-05 . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec" (https://library.foi.hr/dbook/novine.php?v=1&t=1&C=130&godina=1982&broj=000008&stranica=010&u=viroviti%E8ki*list) . Virovitički list broj 1245 od 5. ožujka 1982. (Virovitica Newspaper No. 1245 of March 5) (in Croatian). 1982-03-05 . Retrieved 2023-01-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "History of textile manufacturing and production in Croatia (p.90)" (https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/346612) . 2019 Yearbook of the Croatian Academy of Technical Sciences (in Croatian). 2020-05-20 . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Krčmar, Biserka (2017-03-20). "Nekada se autobusima hodalo u šoping u MTČ Čakovec!" (https://www.mnovine.hr/medimurje/drustvo/biserka-krcmar-nekada-se-autobusima-hodalo-soping-mtc-cakovec/) [In the past, buses were used to bring people going shopping in MTČ Čakovec!]. "Međimurske novine" newspaper (in Croatian) . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Bonfiglioli, Chiara (2020-08-06). "Women and Industry in the Balkans: The Rise and Fall of the Yugoslav Textile Sector (p.116)" (https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_ejDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Me%C4%91imurska+trikota%C5%BEa+%C4%8Cakovec%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA116) . Bloomsbury Publishing Plc . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "History of textile manufacturing and production in Croatia (p.90)" (https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/346612) . 2019 Yearbook of the Croatian Academy of Technical Sciences (in Croatian). 2020-05-20 . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Cmrečnjak, Josip (2021-02-11). "Spatial analysis of existing and potential manufacturing industry locations in Northern Croatia (p.55)" (https://repozitorij.pmf.unizg.hr/islandora/object/pmf%3A9509/datastream/PDF/view) . Faculty of Science, Zagreb (in Croatian) . Retrieved 2023-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Beti, Ivica (2017-07-04). "Srušena zgrada bivšeg MTČ-a u Čakovcu za koji država nije marila" (https://lokalni.vecernji.hr/gradovi/srusena-zgrada-bivseg-mtc-a-u-centru-cakovca-4769) [The demolished building of the former MTČ in Čakovec, which the state did not care about]. "Večernji list" newspaper (in Croatian) . Retrieved 2023-01-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "MTČ Tvornica trikotaže d.d." (https://www.poslovna.hr/lite/mtc-tvornica-trikotaze/159307/subjekti.aspx) Poslovna.hr - Dun & Bradstreet d.o.o. (in Croatian). 2023-01-26 . Retrieved 2023-01-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "P-m.t.c." (https://pmtc.hr/?lang=en) pmtc.hr . 2023-02-21 . Retrieved 2023-02-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Enigma - About us" (https://enigma.hr/o-nama/) . enigma.hr (in Croatian). 2023-02-22 . Retrieved 2023-02-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Beti, Ivica (2023-03-16). "Čakovečka tvrtka Enigma Stars čuva brend MTČ" (https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/preplavljeni-smo-jeftinim-tekstilom-iz-kine-i-to-unistava-domacu-proizvodnju-1664598#) [The Enigma Stars Company keeps the brand MTČ and Enigma]. "Večernji list" newspaper (in Croatian) . Retrieved 2023-03-29 . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Međimurska trikotaža Čakovec . 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British retailer Kent & Curwen Company type Subsidiary Industry Retailer Founded 1926 ; 98 years ago ( 1926 ) in London (/wiki/London) , United Kingdom Founder Eric Kent Dorothy Curwen Number of locations 83 stores in 29 cities (Mar 2020) Key people Daniel Kearns (/wiki/Daniel_Kearns_(designer)) ( Creative Director (/wiki/Creative_Director) ) Products Menswear, Clothing, Fashion Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Shandong Ruyi (/wiki/Shandong_Ruyi) Website www (http://www.kentandcurwen.com) .kentandcurwen (http://www.kentandcurwen.com) .com (http://www.kentandcurwen.com) Kent & Curwen is a British menswear retailer, founded in 1926 in London by Eric Kent and Dorothy Curwen. Kent & Curwen first made its name supplying ties to universities in Oxford (/wiki/Oxford) and Cambridge (/wiki/Cambridge) . The brand went on to introduce a cricket sweater in the 1930s. Kent & Curwen's trademark with Three Lions logo The Three Lions Herald trademark was registered in 1982. Kent & Curwen is now owned by the Hong Kong conglomerate Trinity Ltd [1] (#cite_note-1) who were put into liquidation in January 2021. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] 1926 - Eric Kent and Dorothy Curwen established E.W Kent & Curwen in London. They began as a manufacturer of regimental, club and college ties, supplying Oxford and Cambridge universities. October 1931 - Eric proposed to Dorothy whilst travelling through Europe. They married the following year 1932 - The company bought a knitwear factory in London to manufacture its first cricket jumpers. In the 1930s, E.W Kent & Curwen dressed the Hollywood Cricket team. [3] (#cite_note-3) Kent & Curwen's certificate of Incorporation, 23 June 1937 23 June 1937 - E.W Kent & Curwen was registered as a limited company becoming simply Kent & Curwen Ltd., trading on Silver Street in the City of London. 12 February 1939 - Eric Kent died suddenly, aged just 46. 1940s - Kent & Curwen moved from Silver Street during WWI due to bomb damage, to Warwick Street in the West End. 18 December 1972 - Dorothy died at her home on Sussex Coast. 1973 - Kent & Curwen moved from Warwick Street to a leasehold premise on Domingo Street. 1975 - Jane Bourvis joined the company, eventually becoming the Director for Knitwear Sales and Design. Kent & Curwen's store in St. James’ Street, London (Photo taken in 1980s) Early 1980s - Kent & Curwen opened their own store at 39 St. James’ Street, close to Piccadilly Circus. They also became the costumes sponsor of the Oscar winning film Chariots of Fire (/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire) . December 1982 - Kent & Curwen was taken over by a Swiss trading company called Giselle. Through this merger, the company was introduced to the Japanese company, D'Urban, with whom a trading agreement was formed. [4] (#cite_note-4) Mid 1980s - Kent & Curwen began to explore the export market, exhibiting at trade shows in New York and Paris. In 1986, they opened on Rodeo Drive, Beverly Hills. In Asia, Kent & Curwen opened across Singapore and Hong Kong. Kent & Curwen's Advertisement in 1980s Kent & Curwen Silk Ties 1990s - Tie manufacture was down. 2000s - Moving into the 21st century, each of the stores closed in quick succession, including the St. James store in 2002, leaving Kent & Curwen no obvious retail presence. 2006 - Kent & Curwen opened a new flagship store on Conduit Street. 2008 - Kent & Curwen acquired by Trinity Limited of Li & Fung Group with headquarter in Hong Kong. February 2010 - Kent & Curwen opened a new shop at No. 2, Piccadilly Arcade (/wiki/Piccadilly_Arcade) . 2015 - Kent & Curwen started a 5-year global business partnership with David Beckham (/wiki/David_Beckham) . 2016 - Kent & Curwen appointed Daniel Kearns (/wiki/Daniel_Kearns_(designer)) as Creative Director. 2017 - They opened a second London shop at Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Design Drawings of Kent & Curwen's clothing Collaborations and Sponsorship [ edit ] Uniforms Sponsorship of Hong Kong's representatives for Olympic and Asian Games Kent & Curwen was the official uniforms supplier of Hong Kong’s representatives for the London Olympic Games in 2012. Kent & Curwen's designs included white knit jacket and casual polo shirts. [6] (#cite_note-6) At the 17th Asian Games at Incheon in 2014 Kent & Curwen were the official uniforms supplier for the Hong Kong representative. Business Partnership with David Beckham Kent & Curwen announced a 5-year partnership with David Beckham in September 2015. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Daniel Kearns was appointed in February 2016 to oversee all collections, including the partnership with David Beckham. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Other Kent & Curwen has sponsored the “Kent & Curwen Centenary Sprint Cup” since 2010 [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2012, they sponsored a charity cricket match in support of British servicemen through the charities Help for Heroes and Walking with the Wounded. [11] (#cite_note-11) They were the sponsor of The Kent & Curwen Royal Charity Polo Cup between 2012 and 2014. [12] (#cite_note-12) In January 2019, Kent & Curwen launched a collection produced in collaboration with the BBC TV show Peaky Blinders (/wiki/Peaky_Blinders_(TV_series)) , which included frock coats, tailored suits, and the flat cap featured in the television show. [13] (#cite_note-Guardian-13) In 2019, David Shrigley (/wiki/David_Shrigley) created motifs and statements to fit with the brand's style. The collaboration included sweatshirts, T-shirts and accessories. [14] (#cite_note-14) Stores [ edit ] Kent & Curwen Store in Hong Kong As of March 2020, Kent & Curwen has 83 stores in 29 cities. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Kent & Curwen and its Hong Kong connection" (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/article/1030668/heritage-rules-kent-curwen-and-its-hong-kong-connection) . South China Morning Post . 14 September 2012 . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Boland, Hannah (4 January 2022). "Gieves & Hawkes in jeopardy as owner goes into liquidation" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/01/04/gieves-hawkes-jeopardy-owner-goes-liquidation/) . The Telegraph . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Mencyclopaedia: Kent & Curwen - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10119459/Mencyclopaedia-Kent-and-Curwen.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Geoghegan, Jill (5 November 2013). "Kent & Curwen to extend wholesale following store launch" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/kent-and-curwen-to-extend-wholesale-following-store-launch/5054583.article) . Drapers . Retrieved 2020-03-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) UK, FashionNetwork com. "David Beckham's Kent & Curwen to open London flagship store" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/david-beckham-s-kent-curwen-to-open-london-flagship-store,838196.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cheung, Tim (2012-03-28). "Kent & Curwen Unveils the 2012 Olympic Uniform for Hong Kong" (https://hk.asiatatler.com/style/kent-curwen-unveils-the-2012-olympic-uniform-for-hong-kong) . Hong Kong Tatler . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_7-0) UK, FashionNetwork com. "David Beckham partners with Kent & Curwen" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/David-beckham-partners-with-kent-curwen,571422.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_8-0) "Meet the Irish designer hand-picked by David Beckham to transform Kent & Curwen" (https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/fashion/meet-the-irish-designer-hand-picked-by-david-beckham-to-transform-kent-curwen-930682.html) . www.irishexaminer.com . 2019-06-14 . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Kent & Curwen Appoints Daniel Kearns As Creative Director – Trinity Group" (https://www.trinitygroup.com/kent-curwen-appoints-daniel-kearns-as-creative-director/) . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Kent & Curwen Proudly Announces the Title Sponsorship of the (https://www.hkjc.com/english/corporate/racing_news_item.asp?in_file=/english/news/news_2009103023234.htm) Kent & Curwen Centenary Sprint Cup at Sha Tin Racecourse, Sunday, 31 January 2010 - Racing News - Horse Racing - The Hong Kong Jockey Club" (https://www.hkjc.com/english/corporate/racing_news_item.asp?in_file=/english/news/news_2009103023234.htm) . www.hkjc.com . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Shearn, Charles (2012-06-27). "Kent & Curwen "Flannels for Heroes" June 15, 2012" (https://charlesshearn.wordpress.com/2012/06/27/kent-curwen-flannels-for-heroes-june-15-2012/) . Charles Shearn . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Thomas, Glyn (2014-07-21). "Kent and Curwen Royal Charity Polo Cup" (https://sentebale.org/kent-and-curwen-royal-charity-polo-cup/) . Sentebale . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_13-0) Cochrane, Lauren (6 January 2019). "David Beckham's menswear label doffs cap to Peaky Blinders" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/jan/06/david-beckhams-menswear-label-doffs-cap-peaky-blinders-kent-curwen) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 17 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Kent & Curwen: David Shrigley X Kent and Curwen" (https://milled.com/kent-curwen/david-shrigley-x-kent-and-curwen-Lprk7Gw4LAwJBUM6) . Milled . Retrieved 2020-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Kent & Curwen – Trinity Group" (https://www.trinitygroup.com/brands/kent-curwen/) . Retrieved 2020-04-03 . 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oji+Fashion%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oji+Fashion%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oji+Fashion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oji+Fashion%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Oji+Fashion%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Oji+Fashion%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oji+Fashion%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Oji+Fashion%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Oji_Fashion) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Oji_Fashion&defaults=y) Declined by Grabup (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Grabup) 1 month ago. Last edited by Grabup (/wiki/User:Grabup) 1 month ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:LeeAbe&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Comment: Multiple in-depth covarage needed from independent reliable sources. Grab Up - Talk 04:00, 19 May 2024 (UTC) Japanese street style fashion This article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Oji_Fashion&action=edit) . v t e person wearing oji fashion brand Immortal Thorn Oji fashion (オジ・ファッション, ohgee fasshon ) also known as Kodona , Boy-style , Old-Man Cute , Ojigaaru , Shonen-kei , Prince-kei, and Ouji , is a Japanese street fashion style. Known as the masculine equivalent of Lolita (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Oji fashion is notable for its boxy jackets, baggy trousers, suspenders, and wing-tip shoes. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) Oji fashion is separate from lolita fashion due to its lack of cupcake-shaped skirts and petticoat. The word 'oji' is translated into English as both "old-man" [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) and "prince". [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Oji is worn by women and men alike, and is often confused with brolitas , which is a colloquial term for people assigned male at birth who wear lolita fashion. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Some brands that highlight oji fashion are (Japanese) BABY THE STARS SHINE BRIGHT (/wiki/Baby,_The_Stars_Shine_Bright) 's sister brand ALICE and the PIRATES [4] (#cite_note-4) and (Chinese) Immortal Thorn. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Gatlin, Chancy J. (17 Dec 2014). "The Fashion of Frill: The Art of Impression Management in the Atlanta Lolita and Japanese Street Fashion Community" (https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/87/) . Anthropology Thesis . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.57709/6426760 (https://doi.org/10.57709%2F6426760) . ^ Jump up to: a b Barron, Sandra (8 Oct 2010). "The new/old face of fashion: oji-girls" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2010/10/08/style/the-new-old-face-of-fashion-oji-girls/) . The Japan Times . Retrieved 18 May 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Digitalis, Raven (2007). Goth Craft: the Magickal Side of Culture . USA: Llewellyn Publications. p. 29. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7387-1104-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "ALICE and the PIRATES" (https://store.babyssb.co.jp/en/collections/alice-and-the-pirates) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Immortal T... - 淘寶網\|Taobao" (https://world.taobao.com/dianpu/64522057.htm?spm=a21wu.12321156.shop-area.1.62f44528yO6PsP) . 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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Jason Zook" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jason+Zook%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jason+Zook%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jason+Zook%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jason+Zook%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jason+Zook%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jason+Zook%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Jason Zook , originally called Jason Sadler , is the founder of I Wear Your Shirt (/wiki/I_Wear_Your_Shirt) , born in 1982 to Kelly and Steve Sadler. [1] (#cite_note-Style-1) [2] (#cite_note-Knoechel-2) Early life [ edit ] During his early years, Sadler lived in San Diego (/wiki/San_Diego) and New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) . Later, in 2000, he moved to Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (/wiki/Ponte_Vedra_Beach,_Florida) so that he could join the basketball (/wiki/Basketball) team at Jacksonville University (/wiki/Jacksonville_University) . However, before the beginning of basketball season of his freshman year, he hurt his knee. Shortly thereafter, he transferred to the University of North Florida (/wiki/University_of_North_Florida) . [2] (#cite_note-Knoechel-2) At the University of North Florida, Sadler received the Bachelor of Fine Arts (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) in 2005, with an emphasis on marketing (/wiki/Marketing) and graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) . [2] (#cite_note-Knoechel-2) T-shirts [ edit ] Main article: I Wear Your Shirt (/wiki/I_Wear_Your_Shirt) Sadler said that he wore the shirts for the entire day even if attending a wedding (/wiki/Wedding) or eating a fancy dinner with his girlfriend. [1] (#cite_note-Style-1) [2] (#cite_note-Knoechel-2) Name changes [ edit ] In 2012, Sadler auctioned off the rights to change his last name to whatever company bid the highest. Headsets.com (/wiki/Headsets.com) eventually won, paying $45,500 to change his name (/wiki/Name_change) to Jason HeadsetsDotCom. [3] (#cite_note-Kavilanz-3) In 2013, he legally changed his name to Jason SurfrApp, a surfing (/wiki/Surfing) application, that purchased his last name for $50,000. [4] (#cite_note-Olson-4) Sadler said he did not have a constant father figure in his childhood, so he did not feel a bond to his last name. [5] (#cite_note-Sánchez2015-09-30-5) He finally changed his name to Jason Zook, adopting the last name of his great-grandfather Roy Zook. [6] (#cite_note-6) [5] (#cite_note-Sánchez2015-09-30-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Wearing a T-shirt for profit, style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100314210026/http://jacksonville.com/news/columnists/mark_woods/2008-12-28/wearing_a_t_shirt_for_profit_style) . The Florida Times-Union (/wiki/The_Florida_Times-Union) . 2008-12-28. Archived from the original (http://jacksonville.com/news/columnists/mark_woods/2008-12-28/wearing_a_t_shirt_for_profit_style) on 2010-03-14 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Knoechel, Jennifer (2009-01-03). "Ponte Vedra man is walking ad" (https://archive.today/20091108073041/http://www.beachesleader.com/articles/2009/01/03/ponte_vedra_leader/feature_photo/doc495bf2535681b741970513.prt) . The Leader . Archived from the original (http://www.beachesleader.com/articles/2009/01/03/ponte_vedra_leader/feature_photo/doc495bf2535681b741970513.prt) on 2009-11-08 . Retrieved 2009-11-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kavilanz_3-0) Kavilanz, Parija (2012-12-13). "For $45,500, he's Jason HeadsetsDotCom" (https://archive.today/20130407232705/http://money.cnn.com/2012/12/13/smallbusiness/last-name-auction-headsetsdotcom/index.html) . CNNMoney (/wiki/CNNMoney) . Archived from the original (https://money.cnn.com/2012/12/13/smallbusiness/last-name-auction-headsetsdotcom/index.html) on 2013-04-07 . Retrieved 2014-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-Olson_4-0) Olson, Elizabeth (2014-01-26). "I'll Be Your Billboard" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140705050432/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/26/jobs/ill-be-your-billboard.html?_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/26/jobs/ill-be-your-billboard.html) on 2014-07-05 . Retrieved 2014-08-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sánchez, Cristina (2015-09-30). "El hombre que vendió su apellido regresa: ahora pone en venta su propio futuro" (https://www.eldiario.es/hojaderouter/hombre-vendio-apellido-venta-futuro_0_436057542.html) . eldiario.es (/wiki/Eldiario.es) (in Spanish). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181225130134/https://www.eldiario.es/hojaderouter/hombre-vendio-apellido-venta-futuro_0_436057542.html) from the original on 2018-12-25 . Retrieved 2018-12-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Zook, Jason. "My Final Name is Jason Zook and Here's The Full Last Name Story" (https://wanderingaimfully.com/zook/) . Wandering Aimfully. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175105/https://wanderingaimfully.com/zook/) from the original on 2018-12-25 . Retrieved 2018-12-25 . 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Indian television actress and model (born 1986) Surelee Joseph Born 21 April 1986 India Occupation Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) Spouse Sujal Shah [1] (#cite_note-1) Surelee Joseph is an Indian (/wiki/Indian_people) television actress (/wiki/Actress) and model (/wiki/Model_(person)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Joseph grew up in Bombay (/wiki/Bombay) , India (/wiki/India) and studied English literature (/wiki/English_literature) in college. She began acting when she was 19 years old, playing the role of Maria Priya, a tomboyish catholic orphan on the television series Remix (/wiki/Remix_(TV_series)) . The show launched the Star One (/wiki/STAR_One) channel on 1 November 2004, and ran for two years. After her stint with the show, Joseph began modeling. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Tuli, Aanchal (19 March 2013). "Fashion week's model couples" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202154610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-19/shows/37745039_1_surelee-joseph-fashion-sujal-shah) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . Archived from the original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-19/shows/37745039_1_surelee-joseph-fashion-sujal-shah) on 2 February 2014 . Retrieved 24 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Fashion fad* Model Speak (http://fashionfad.in/models/speak/content/speak.aspx?interviewId=113) Surelee " (http://fashionfad.in/models/speak/content/speak.aspx?interviewId=113) . The Hindu . India. 16 June 2006. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Meet actor-turned-model (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2009/feb/12meet-actor-turned-model-surelee-joseph.htm) Surelee Joseph " (http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2009/feb/12meet-actor-turned-model-surelee-joseph.htm) . The Hindu . India. 16 June 2011. This biographical article about a model is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surelee_Joseph&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐nrz5w Cached time: 20240712203554 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.332 seconds Real time usage: 0.449 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1901/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13171/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1629/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17374/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.248/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5132608/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 432.653 1 -total 31.71% 137.179 1 Template:Infobox_Model 25.39% 109.850 1 Template:Reflist 22.24% 96.224 3 Template:Cite_news 17.81% 77.057 1 Template:Short_description 15.77% 68.213 1 Template:Model-stub 15.39% 66.564 1 Template:Asbox 10.95% 47.380 2 Template:Pagetype 7.81% 33.782 18 Template:Main_other 7.74% 33.477 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34635536-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712203554 and revision id 1164267458. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surelee_Joseph&oldid=1164267458 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surelee_Joseph&oldid=1164267458) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Female models from Mumbai (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Mumbai) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1986 births (/wiki/Category:1986_births) Model stubs (/wiki/Category:Model_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from May 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2018) Use Indian English from May 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_May_2018) All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Australian apparel store chain owned by Just Group Jay Jays Jays Jays store in Armadale Central Shopping Centre Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Retail Number of locations 172 stores in Australia [1] (#cite_note-1) (2023) Key people Colette Garnsey (Executive Director - Core Brands, Just Group (/wiki/Just_Group) ) Nathan Whitehead (General Manager) Products Clothing, accessories Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Just Group (/wiki/Just_Group) Website jayjays (https://jayjays.jgl.com.au/) .jgl (https://jayjays.jgl.com.au/) .com (https://jayjays.jgl.com.au/) .au (https://jayjays.jgl.com.au/) Jay Jays is an Australian apparel (/wiki/Apparel) chain store (/wiki/Chain_store) . It is owned and operated by the Just Group (/wiki/Just_Group) . Jay Jays focuses on clothing for younger people. At present, the chain has over 200 stores located in Australia and New Zealand. History [ edit ] Jays Jays store with the older branding Prior to being acquired by the Just Group (/wiki/Just_Group) , Jay Jays was known as Jay Jays Jeans Warehouse, which was started in 1978 in Sydney by two brothers who had immigrated to Australia from Poland in the 1950s. [ citation needed ] In December 1993, Just Jeans purchased Jay Jays for $4.5 million. It had six-stores at the time. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Jay Jays opened its first New Zealand store in September 1996. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) [1] (https://jayjays.jgl.com.au/shop/stores) ^ a b Shoebridge, Neil (28 October 1996). "Just Jeans wants a better fit" (https://www.afr.com/companies/just-jeans-wants-a-better-fit-19961028-kb0uq) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 5 February 2024 . 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American women's lingerie retailer This article's lead section (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length) may be too short to adequately summarize (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) the key points . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview) of all important aspects of the article. ( February 2021 ) Baci Lingerie Logo of Baci Lingerie Industry Apparel Founded 2010 Number of locations Van Nuys, CA (/wiki/Van_Nuys,_CA) Area served Worldwide Key people Frank Koretsky (Baci Lingerie President & CEO) Helle Panzieri (Baci Lingerie Sales Director) Products Underwear, women’s clothing, lingerie, eyelashes, masks, hosiery, pantyhose, thongs, baby doll sets, crotchless panties, bikini sets, body stockings, g-strings, boy shorts, bras, garters, halters, skirtinis, v-teddies, pasties Website baci (http://Baci.com) .com (http://Baci.com) Baci Lingerie is a large retailer of women's lingerie founded in the United States, with multiple stores located internationally on several continents. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] Officially presented to the public in April 2010 at the International Lingerie Show in Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , Nevada, [2] (#cite_note-2) the company was started by Internetmarketing-Miami, LLC. [3] (#cite_note-3) Deriving its company name from the Italian word “ kisses ”, the company invested huge amount of money in advertising and marketing campaigns [4] (#cite_note-4) and exhibiting at several industry shows around the world, like Venus Fair in Berlin, Germany (/wiki/Berlin,_Germany) during October 2010 [5] (#cite_note-5) and Salon de la Lingerie Show in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France, in January 2011. [6] (#cite_note-6) Products and marketing [ edit ] The shoots have featured castles in Southern Germany, the United Kingdom, and France (/wiki/France) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The resulting images are used in Baci's packaging, website, and catalogs. [8] (#cite_note-8) Baci Lingerie coordinated a photo shoot in 2013, which took place in a Hollywood Hills (/wiki/Hollywood_Hills) mansion and featured its 23-piece Corsets by Baci Collection. [9] (#cite_note-9) Baci Lingerie provides tools for retailers in merchandising and marketing, including planograms (/wiki/Planograms) , [10] (#cite_note-10) creative events (including the Baci Lash Bar), [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) educational tools (newsletters, merchandising plans, seminars, blogs), [13] (#cite_note-13) and contests. [14] (#cite_note-14) Philanthropy [ edit ] Baci Lingerie claims to have philosophy of social consciousness and philanthropy as its integral aspects. [15] (#cite_note-15) Through contributions and fundraisers, including Baci's annual charity dinner, [16] (#cite_note-16) the company raises money for a variety of organizations and causes. Eileen Stein Jacoby Fund [ edit ] Baci Lingerie raised over $8,000 for the Fox Chase Cancer Center (/wiki/Fox_Chase_Cancer_Center) and Eileen Stein Jacoby Fund to advance cancer research and education, at Baci's second semiannual charity dinner in April 2013. [17] (#cite_note-17) The charity dinner was held during the International Lingerie Show. [18] (#cite_note-18) Baci raised $4,400 for the fund in 2012. [19] (#cite_note-19) Bra Recyclers [ edit ] Baci Lingerie supported The Bra Recyclers in its drive to collect 15,000 bras in October 2012 to help raise awareness of Breast Cancer and Domestic Violence Month. [20] (#cite_note-20) The Bra Recyclers is a textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) company that specializes in recycling and reusing bras that would unnecessarily go to landfills, and assist in providing deserving women with used or unused bras as they transition back to self-sufficiency. [21] (#cite_note-21) Revlon Run / Walk [ edit ] Baci Lingerie participated in the 2013 Entertainment Industry Fund (EIF) Revlon Run / Walk For Women, to raise funds for women's cancer research. [22] (#cite_note-22) Approximately 15 Baci employees, family members, and friends participated in the 20th annual 5k run / walk fundraiser as “ Team Baci Babes ” on May 11, 2013, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum at Exposition Park. [23] (#cite_note-23) XO Oklahoma [ edit ] Baci Lingerie donated 1176 brand new bras of various styles to victims of the 2013 tornadoes in Moore, Oklahoma (/wiki/Moore,_Oklahoma) – a total retail value of over $15,000. [24] (#cite_note-24) Hugs and Kisses, or XO, is a project by the Kerr Foundation (/wiki/Raymond_Adam_Kline#Career) , formed to gather and distribute new and gently used clothing and accessory items for women and men affected by the Moore tornado disaster (/wiki/2013_Moore_tornado) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Free The Girls [ edit ] Baci Lingerie donated 5077 brand new bras of various styles – a total retail value of over $60,000. [26] (#cite_note-26) Free The Girls provides an opportunity for women rescued from sex trafficking to earn a living selling second-hand clothing, while going to school, getting healthy, and caring for their families. [27] (#cite_note-27) Sponsorships [ edit ] 2010 Adult Entertainment Expo [28] (#cite_note-28) 2010 Venus International Trade Fair [29] (#cite_note-29) 2011 Venus International Trade Fair [30] (#cite_note-30) 2012 Porn to Rock [31] (#cite_note-31) 2012 Capital Cabaret Fashion Show [32] (#cite_note-32) 2012 Venus International Trade Fair [33] (#cite_note-33) 2012 Déjà Vu Holiday Soiree [34] (#cite_note-34) 2013 Cape Town SEXPO [35] (#cite_note-35) 2013 Sydney SEXPO. [36] (#cite_note-36) 2013 The Sex Awards [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Awards [ edit ] Year Nominee / work Award Result 2010 Outstanding Apparel or Accessory Brand AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2010 Outstanding Marketing Campaign AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2010 Outstanding Packaging AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2011 Best Lingerie or Apparel Company AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Won 2011 Lingerie Manufacturer of the Year XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Won 2011 Outstanding Apparel / Accessory Brand (Black Label) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2011 Outstanding Marketing Campaign (Black Label) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2011 Best Erotic Clothing Brand ETO Awards Won 2011 Lingerie Manufacturer of the Year StorErotica Awards Won 2011 Marketing Campaign of the Year XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Won 2012 Lingerie Manufacturer of the Year StorErotica Awards Nominated 2012 Costume Manufacturer of the Year StorErotica Awards Nominated 2012 Best Lingerie or Apparel Company AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Won 2012 Best Sex Accessory (Eyelashes) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Won 2012 Lingerie / Apparel Company of the Year XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Won 2012 Sensual Accessory Product of the Year (Eyelashes) XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Won 2012 Best Lingerie Brand ETO Awards Nominated 2012 Outstanding Lingerie Collection (White Label) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2012 Outstanding Packaging (Dreams Collection) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2013 Best Lingerie or Apparel Company AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Won 2013 Lingerie Manufacturer of the Year StorErotica Awards Won 2013 Costume Manufacturer of the Year StorErotica Awards Nominated 2014 Lingerie / Apparel Company of the Year XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Nominated 2014 Lingerie Collection of the Year (Dreams 2) XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Nominated 2014 Sensual Accessory Product of the Year (Luna Veneziana Masquerade Collection) XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Nominated 2014 Sensual Accessory Product of the Year (Eyelashes) XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Nominated 2014 Marketing Campaign of the Year XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Nominated 2014 Luxury Toy / Line of the Year (Shiri Zinn for Baci) XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Nominated 2014 Outstanding Packaged Lingerie Line AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2014 Outstanding Costume Lingerie Collection (Dreams 2) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2014 Outstanding Accessory Product Year (Luna Veneziana Masquerade Collection) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2014 Outstanding Packaged Lingerie Line (Envy) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2014 Best Product Line for Women (Luna Veneziana Masquerade Collection) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2014 Best Lingerie / Apparel Manufacturer AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2014 Best Lingerie / Apparel Manufacturer (Envy) AVN Awards (/wiki/AVN_Awards) Nominated 2015 Lingerie Collection of the Year (After Dark) XBIZ Awards (/wiki/XBIZ_Awards) Won Sources: [39] (#cite_note-39) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-xbizwinners2015-41) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Baci Lingerie chief outlines global expansion plan" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140322013610/http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-236-baci-lingerie-chief-outlines-global-expansion-plan/) . Lingerie Insight. Archived from the original (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-236-baci-lingerie-chief-outlines-global-expansion-plan/) on 22 March 2014 . Retrieved 21 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Baci Lingerie Hits the Ground Running at ILS" (http://business.avn.com/articles/novelty/Baci-Lingerie-Hits-the-Ground-Running-at-ILS-393638.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Bare Essentials of Baci Lingerie" (http://business.avn.com/articles/novelty/The-Bare-Essentials-of-Baci-Lingerie-392600.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Baci Lingerie's Debut Far Exceeds Expectations" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-s-Debut-Far-Exceeds-Expectations-394037.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Baci Lingerie Dominates Venus Fair" (http://thelingeriejournal.com/baci-lingerie-dominates-venus-fair/) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Baci Lingerie: Successful Paris Show" (http://www.bodymagazine.us/news.php?idArticles=2122) . bodymagazine.us . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Baci announces most expensive photo shooting ever" (http://thelingeriejournal.com/baci-announces-most-expensive-photo-shooting-ever/) . The Lingerie Journal . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Baci Lingerie White Label Collection 2011 photoshoot with Various models – 378 HQ pictures" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130829120320/http://celebsvenue.in/baci-lingerie-white-label-collection-2011-photoshoot-with-various-models-378-hq-pictures/) . www.celebsvenue.in. Archived from the original (http://celebsvenue.in/baci-lingerie-white-label-collection-2011-photoshoot-with-various-models-378-hq-pictures/) on 29 August 2013 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Baci Lingerie Shoots Corset Collection Catalog" (http://www.xbiz.com/news/168283) . XBIZ (/wiki/XBIZ) . 28 August 2013 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Baci Lingerie to Exhibit at ILS 2012 in Las Vegas" (http://thelingeriejournal.com/baci-lingerie-to-exhibit-at-ils-2012-in-las-vegas/) . The Lingerie Journal. 29 August 2012 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Baci Lingerie Participating in Lovejoys' Ladies Night" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Participating-in-Lovejoys-Ladies-Night-519389.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Baci Lingerie Spices Up Romantix Grand Opening in Colorado" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Spices-Up-Romantix-Grand-Opening-in-Colorado-506377.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Seminar Speakers Solidified for ANE" (http://business.avn.com/articles/novelty/Seminar-Speakers-Solidified-for-ANE-482085.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Baci Lingerie picked a winning design in their other clothing or merchandise contest" (http://99designs.com/other-clothing-merchandise-design/contests/baci-lingerie-rewards-designer-fetish-line-contract-200549) . 99designs . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "BACI'S BREAST CANCER RESEARCH" (http://www.storerotica.com/news/press/817-bacis-breast-cancer-research) . www.storerotica.com . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Baci charity dinner raises over $8,000" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140320133739/http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-3556-baci-charity-dinner-raises-over-8000/) . www.lingerieinsight.com. Archived from the original (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-3556-baci-charity-dinner-raises-over-8000/) on 20 March 2014 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Baci's 2nd ILS Charity Dinner Raises Funds for Cancer Research" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-s-2nd-ILS-Charity-Dinner-Raises-Funds-for-Cancer-Research-513581.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Baci Lingerie Charity Dinner Raises Money for Breast Cancer Research" (http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=161905) . XBIZ (/wiki/XBIZ) . 20 April 2013 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Baci Lingerie's Charity Dinner Raises Money For Eileen Stein Jacoby Fund" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-s-Charity-Dinner-Raises-Money-For-Eileen-Stein-Jacoby-Fund-488788.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Baci Lingerie Supports The Bra Recyclers Charity" (http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=155729) . XBIZ (/wiki/XBIZ) . 24 October 2012 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "The Bra Recyclers Help Women in Need" (http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/01/bra-recyclers-help-women/) . Triple Pundit . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Baci Lingerie Taking Part in EIF Revlon Run/Walk For Women" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Taking-Part-in-EIF-Revlon-Run-Walk-For-Women-516171.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Baci Lingerie to Participate in Revlon Run" (http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=162446) . XBIZ (/wiki/XBIZ) . 6 May 2013 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Baci Lingerie Donates Bras To Oklahoma Tornadoes Victims" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Donates-Bras-To-Oklahoma-Tornadoes-Victims-522101.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Oklahoma tornadoes: Women's groups to offer an event of pampering and free shopping for teachers affected by tornadoes" (http://newsok.com/oklahoma-tornadoes-womens-groups-to-offer-an-event-of-pampering-and-free-shopping-for-teachers-affected-by-tornadoes./article/3835828) . The Oklahoman (/wiki/The_Oklahoman) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Baci Lingerie Donates Bras to Free The Girls" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Donates-Bras-to-Free-The-Girls-527991.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Free The Girls Repurposes Gently Used Bras For Sex Trafficking Victims" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/01/free-the-girls-repurposes_n_1317470.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . 2 March 2012 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Baci Lingerie to be a Main Sponsor at Adult Entertainment Expo" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-to-be-a-Main-Sponsor-at-Adult-Entertainment-Expo-376382.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Baci Lingerie Signs Long Term Deal With Venus International Trade Fair" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Signs-Long-Term-Deal-With-Venus-International-Trade-Fair-386663.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Baci Lingerie Signs Long Term Deal With Venus International Trade Fair" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Signs-Long-Term-Deal-With-Venus-International-Trade-Fair-386663.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Baci Lingerie Co-Sponsors Porn to Rock" (http://business.avn.com/articles/novelty/Baci-Lingerie-Co-Sponsors-Porn-to-Rock-478449.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Baci Lingerie Sponsors Fashion Show, Raffle" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Sponsors-Fashion-Show-Raffle-479027.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Baci Lingerie Signs Long Term Deal With Venus International Trade Fair" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Signs-Long-Term-Deal-With-Venus-International-Trade-Fair-386663.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Baci Lingerie Sponsors Deja Vu's Ladies Holiday Soiree" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Sponsors-Deja-Vu-s-Ladies-Holiday-Soiree-497366.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Baci Lingerie Sponsors, Exhibits at Cape Town SEXPO" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Sponsors-Exhibits-at-Cape-Town-SEXPO-509165.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Baci Lingerie Sponsors, Exhibits at Sydney SEXPO" (http://business.avn.com/company-news/Baci-Lingerie-Sponsors-Exhibits-at-Sydney-SEXPO-509977.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Official Site for The Sex Awards Goes Live" (http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Official-Site-for-The-Sex-Awards-Goes-Live-522608.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Baci Lingerie is Winners Circle, Trophy Girl Sponsor for The Sex Awards" (http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Baci-Lingerie-is-Winners-Circle-Trophy-Girl-Sponsor-for-The-Sex-Awards-526273.html) . AVN (/wiki/AVN_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) XBIZ Awards (http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/winners.php) ^ (#cite_ref-40) "AVN Awards" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330192524/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners) . Archived from the original (http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners) on 2014-03-30 . Retrieved 2014-03-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-xbizwinners2015_41-0) XBIZ Award Winners (http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/winners.php) , XBIZ (/wiki/XBIZ) , January, 2015 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://Baci.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐776f6b9c48‐r4rl2 Cached time: 20240716014412 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.770 seconds Real time usage: 0.930 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2905/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 76334/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1640/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 142712/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.510/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6488625/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 850.776 1 -total 57.66% 490.556 1 Template:Reflist 50.54% 430.010 39 Template:Cite_web 15.52% 132.012 1 Template:Infobox_company 13.72% 116.688 1 Template:Infobox 9.81% 83.437 1 Template:Short_description 8.93% 76.016 1 Template:Lead_too_short 8.32% 70.823 1 Template:Ambox 6.12% 52.101 2 Template:Pagetype 2.33% 19.801 8 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42266578-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716014412 and revision id 1234768017. 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Chantelle Company type Private Industry Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Founded 1876 Founder Chantelle Green Headquarters Cachan (/wiki/Cachan) , France Key people Maurice Kretz, Jean Kretz, Claude Kretz, Patrice Kretz Products Bras, panties, hosiery, and lingerie Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Groupe Chantelle (/wiki/Groupe_Chantelle) Website us (http://us.chantelle.com) .chantelle (http://us.chantelle.com) .com (http://us.chantelle.com) Chantelle is a lingerie brand belonging to the Groupe Chantelle (/wiki/Groupe_Chantelle) , a French lingerie company founded in 1876 by François Auguste Gamichon. A pioneer in manufacturing elastic knits, the Chantelle brand grew thanks to the 'Kretz tulle' used first in its corsets, then in its bras. The Kretz family has owned the company since the 1900s. History [ edit ] A 1971 Magazine ad of Chantelle in Persian, Zan-e Rooz. 1876: The company that would become Chantelle was founded at the end of the 19th century as a manufacturer of elastic knits. [1] (#cite_note-1) The 1900s: At the time, women's figures are still tightly corseted in dresses with a train. Maurice Kretz, François Auguste Gamichon's nephew, began to manufacture corsets made of elastic fabrics in 1902. [2] (#cite_note-fashion-model-dir-2) The 1930s: The launch of the "little black dress" by Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) in Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine in 1926 leads many women to "abandon" their corsets. Jean Kretz, a textile engineer and Maurice Kretz's son refines the weaving methods and launches "Kretz tulle", an elastic fabric. [3] (#cite_note-heritage-3) The 1940s: Claude Kretz, who has joined his father in the company, uses "Kretz tulle" to manufacture the first girdles. The Chantelle brand was first used in 1949. [3] (#cite_note-heritage-3) The 1950s: New Look (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.#The_"New_Look") silhouettes, wasp waists, and pneumatic breasts appear; their icon is the American actress Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) . The Chantelle girdle, suppler and lighter than the corset, launches with the slogan: "Chantelle, the girdle that stays in place." [4] (#cite_note-Lingeriepedia-4) The 1960s: On the eve of ready-to-wear, Chantelle launches its first bras under the impulse of Claude Kretz. In 1962, Chantelle opened its first bra manufacturing plant in Epernay (/wiki/Epernay) in the Champagne (/wiki/Champagne) region. [5] (#cite_note-5) The 1970s: Chantelle launched the "Défi" model in 1972, the very first molded bra. [6] (#cite_note-lingerie-alley-6) The 1980s: Chantelle launched the risque "Vertige" model in 1983, one of the first see-through and plunging neckline bras. [7] (#cite_note-7) The 2000s: Chantelle moves toward invisible products and T-shirt bras. Its "Women of the World" campaign highlights the "Africa" and "Graphie" lines. The 2010s: Chantelle launches a more casual line based on technologies offering freedom of movement and comfort, like Spacer and Memory foam (/wiki/Memory_foam) innovations. [8] (#cite_note-8) Iconic Products [ edit ] 1972: Introduction of the "Défi" model onto the market – the first molded, seamless bra, prioritizing good support for the bust. [9] (#cite_note-9) 1982: Launch of the "Les chéris" collection, which evokes a new style of seduction. [10] (#cite_note-10) 1983: Chantelle dares to go see-through and offers a plunging neckline with "Vertige" supported by a campaign by Jacques Séguéla. [11] (#cite_note-11) 1999: The "Hedona" molded bra meets women's new expectations. 2013: Chantelle launches its first Swimwear collection for the Spring/Summer. [12] (#cite_note-12) See also [ edit ] Groupe Chantelle (/wiki/Groupe_Chantelle) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Leland, Angela. "Fridays in France: Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140109231703/http://thedecadenceproject.com/2013/10/pere-lachaise-cemetery/) . The Decadence Project . Archived from the original (http://thedecadenceproject.com/2013/10/pere-lachaise-cemetery/) on 9 January 2014 . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-fashion-model-dir_2-0) "Chantelle Profile" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/brands/chantelle/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Chantelle Heritage" (http://us.chantelle.com/en/chantelle-heritage/) . Chantelle Site . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lingeriepedia_4-0) "Chantelle" (http://lingeriepedia.com/stores/1093-Chantelle.html) . Lingeriepedia . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "CHANTELLE - Epernay" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140109231508/http://www.textile-technique.com/chantelle-epernay.html?top=10&module=TH) . Textile-Technique.com . Archived from the original (http://www.textile-technique.com/chantelle-epernay.html?top=10&module=TH) on 9 January 2014 . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-lingerie-alley_6-0) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20140109230818/http://www.lingerie-alley.com/lingerie-brands/hello-world/) "Chantelle" Paris, Lingerie Couture Brand" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140109230818/http://www.lingerie-alley.com/lingerie-brands/hello-world/) . Lingerie Alley Blog . Archived from the original (http://www.lingerie-alley.com/lingerie-brands/hello-world/) on 2014-01-09 . Retrieved 2014-01-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "CHANTELLE VERTIGE : Vertige" (http://www.ina.fr/video/PUB3252489054) . Ina.fr . Retrieved 18 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Rains, Holly. "Chantelle promotes Les Invisibles summer styles" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140110210715/http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-3572-chantelle-promotes-les-invisibles-summer-styles/) . Lingerie Insight . Archived from the original (http://www.lingerieinsight.com/article-3572-chantelle-promotes-les-invisibles-summer-styles/) on 10 January 2014 . Retrieved 10 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Chantelle - Fashion Brand and Label" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/brands/chantelle/) . Fashion Model Directory . Retrieved 27 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Why Chantelle Bras Are A French Lingerie Favorite" (http://www.love-of-lingerie.com/chantelle-bras-are.html) . Love Of Lingerie . Retrieved 27 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Especially The Use Of Soft Satin Triangular Net" (http://0ww.z0403tr.com/post-26.html) . Love Of Lingerie . Retrieved 27 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Chantelle Launches Its Spring 2014 Swimwear Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230025047/http://www.webflakes.com/fashion/luxsure/chantelle-swimwear-spring-2014) . Web Flakes . Archived from the original (http://www.webflakes.com/fashion/luxsure/chantelle-swimwear-spring-2014) on 30 December 2013 . Retrieved 27 January 2014 . External links [ edit ] Chantelle Official Website (http://us.chantelle.com/en/) Tan Through Swimwear (https://www.tanikini.com/) v t e Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Upper torso Types (/wiki/List_of_bra_designs) of bras (/wiki/Bra) History (/wiki/History_of_bras) Bandeau (/wiki/Bandeau) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Nursing bra (/wiki/Nursing_bra) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) Underwire bra (/wiki/Underwire_bra) Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Other garments Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Bustier (/wiki/Bustier) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) Torsolette (/wiki/Torsolette) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Lower torso Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) Boyshorts (/wiki/Boyshorts) French knickers (/wiki/French_knickers) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Girdle (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Girl boxers (/wiki/Girl_boxers) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Tanga (/wiki/Thong) Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Thong (/wiki/Thong) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Full torso Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Foundation garment (/wiki/Foundation_garment) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Playsuit (/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)) Slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) Teddy (/wiki/Teddy_(garment)) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Historical Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Boudoir cap (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Accessories Falsies (/wiki/Falsies) Lingerie tape (/wiki/Lingerie_tape) Brands List of lingerie brands (/wiki/List_of_lingerie_brands) Retail Bras N Things (/wiki/Bras_N_Things) Cosmo Lady (/wiki/Cosmo_Lady) Figleaves (/wiki/Figleaves) HerRoom (/wiki/HerRoom) Journelle (/wiki/Journelle) True & Co. (/wiki/True_%26_Co.) Related Corset controversy (/wiki/Corset_controversy) Bralessness (/wiki/Bralessness) Lingerie party (/wiki/Lingerie_party) UK Lingerie Awards (/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/151580785) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐bfwj4 Cached time: 20240712220842 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.362 seconds Real time usage: 0.437 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1621/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44538/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 946/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 57965/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.246/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5016366/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 387.347 1 -total 37.45% 145.056 1 Template:Reflist 32.72% 126.758 1 Template:Infobox_company 32.41% 125.528 12 Template:Cite_web 29.60% 114.674 1 Template:Infobox 22.54% 87.307 1 Template:Lingerie 22.30% 86.375 2 Template:Navbox 5.51% 21.349 1 Template:Authority_control 2.77% 10.717 1 Template:Url 2.65% 10.261 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41606030-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712220842 and revision id 1223991432. 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nightclothes (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nightclothes) . Articles relating to nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) , clothing (/wiki/Clothing) designed to be worn while sleeping (/wiki/Sleep) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐xdhld Cached time: 20240720202922 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.072 seconds Real time usage: 0.107 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2835/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 293/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.042/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1058045/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 96.912 1 -total 60.86% 58.977 1 Template:Commonscat 56.28% 54.541 1 Template:Sister_project 53.89% 52.225 1 Template:Side_box 38.97% 37.769 1 Template:Cat_main 5.69% 5.518 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3644944-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720202922 and revision id 1020124104. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Nightwear" The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Nightwear (/wiki/Nightwear) A Peter Alexander (fashion designer) (/wiki/Peter_Alexander_(fashion_designer)) B Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Babygrow (/wiki/Babygrow) Bed jacket (/wiki/Bed_jacket) Blanket sleeper (/wiki/Blanket_sleeper) C Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) G Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) J Jinbei (/wiki/Jinbei) N Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightcap (garment) (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) P Pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Peter Alexander Sleepwear (/wiki/Peter_Alexander_Sleepwear) R Robe (/wiki/Robe) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Nightwear&oldid=1020124104 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Nightwear&oldid=1020124104) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by function (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_function) Sleep (/wiki/Category:Sleep) Night (/wiki/Category:Night) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐drhvr Cached time: 20240721013038 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74131523-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721013038 and revision id 1161960330. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. M Ghanaian milliners (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_milliners) ‎ (1 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ghanaian_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=1161960330 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ghanaian_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=1161960330) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion) Ghanaian businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_businesspeople) Ghanaian fashion (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_fashion)
Not to be confused with Sapogi (/wiki/Sapogi) or Jackboot (/wiki/Jackboot) For the boot shaped feature in the Estonian-Russian border, see Saatse Boot (/wiki/Saatse_Boot) . Woman bootlegging (/wiki/Rum-running) a flask in her calf-length Russian boot, 1922, Prohibition era (/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States) Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) Russian boot is the name applied to a style of calf- or knee-length fashion boot (/wiki/Fashion_boot) for women that was popular in the early part of the 20th century. Russian boots fell out of favor in the 1930s, but were the inspiration for the high-leg fashion boots that returned to popularity in the 1950s and 60s. Today the term Russian boot is sometimes applied to the style of low-heeled boots worn by some folk dancers. History [ edit ] The original Russian boot was the valenki (/wiki/Valenki) , a flat-heeled, wide-topped, knee-length boot worn by Russian soldiers. Designed to combat the extremely cold Russian winters, valenki were normally made of thick felt. The boots' uppers were loosely constructed for convenience and comfort, which produced the style's distinctive wrinkling effect around the ankles. [1] (#cite_note-1) The term was later applied to women’s boots in leather that appeared in the second decade of the 20th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shoes with high uppers, buttoned or laced and reaching to the lower calves, were common footwear for women. Rising hemlines made longer styles of boots popular, particularly when the alternative was an exposure of the leg, which was still considered shocking. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 1913, Denise Poiret, wife of celebrated French couturier Paul Poiret, caused a sensation in Paris and New York by wearing knee-length boots in wrinkled Morocco leather. Designed by her husband and made by the bottier Favereau, these boots were styled with a low heel and a square toe; she had versions in red, white, green, and yellow [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1915 the New York Times reported that, partly inspired by Mme. Poiret, these so-called "Russian boots" were becoming an outré statement by some cutting-edge fashionable women. [5] (#cite_note-5) However, no boots of any kind caught on with the general public in these years, women being accustomed to traditional high-top shoes, either laced or buttoned. [6] (#cite_note-6) Russian boots remained a forward fashion statement, however, adopted by stage and film stars, including Mary Pickford (/wiki/Mary_Pickford) , Irene Castle (/wiki/Irene_Castle) , Cécile Sorel (/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Sorel) , and Gloria Swanson (/wiki/Gloria_Swanson) , and endorsed by such leading designers as the London-based Lucile (Lady Duff Gordon) (/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon) , who also famously wore them herself. From the mid-1910s into the early '20s, as hemlines rose from ankle length to mid-calf, high-heeled Russian boots with pointe or rounded toes, were increasingly popular. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) They were available in a variety of styles, calf- or knee-length, with a Cuban or Louis heel, [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) which could be pull-on, or zip-fastened for a closer fit. [11] (#cite_note-11) Worn with calf-length and finally knee-length skirts, they often featured decorative features such as elaborate stitching or fur trim. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Russian boots were stylish throughout the 1920s as the fashionable alternative to galoshes in winter. They also acquired a racy reputation, as the sort of footwear worn by girls who frequented saloon bars and speakeasies. [15] (#cite_note-15) By the mid-1920s, British shoe manufacturers were reporting record orders for high-legged women’s boots [16] (#cite_note-16) and they were so popular that they were being blamed for causing women to catch colds, [17] (#cite_note-17) have accidents in the street, [18] (#cite_note-18) and even injure themselves. [19] (#cite_note-19) Initially popular in Britain, the new boot style quickly spread to Paris [20] (#cite_note-20) and the United States, [21] (#cite_note-21) while English women in India complained that Russian boots were not yet available in Bombay. [22] (#cite_note-22) The emergence of these tall boots for women was interpreted by some contemporary writers as a consequence of women’s transition from the “leisure class” to the world of business. [23] (#cite_note-23) With increasing sales, however, complaints began to be made about the poor quality of leather used in the cheaper pairs [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) which were not adequately waterproofed and had a tendency to sag around the ankle; [26] (#cite_note-26) although manufacturers took steps to address issues of fit by introducing taller, better fitting styles. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) This was ultimately blamed for their decline in popularity. [29] (#cite_note-29) Where protection from the elements was needed, Russian boots were increasingly replaced by fashionable variants of the rubber Wellington boot (/wiki/Wellington_boot) . [30] (#cite_note-30) Mass popularity was also seen as a barrier to chic women adopting boots as a fashion item. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) Although they were still popular as late as the beginning of the 1930s, [33] (#cite_note-33) within a few years Russian boots had fallen out of favor. It was not until the 1950s that boots were again regarded as fashion items for women. [34] (#cite_note-34) Today [ edit ] Russian boots were the inspiration for the modern fashion boot (/wiki/Fashion_boot) , some of which closely resemble styles that first appeared in the 1920s. The term “Russian boot” is usually applied to the flat-heeled, calf-length boots popular with some traditions of folk dancing, especially those from Eastern Europe. In 2009, The New York Times reported that the original felt valenki was being reinvented as a fashion item in Russia. [35] (#cite_note-35) See also [ edit ] Boot (/wiki/Boot) Fashion boot (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Valenki (/wiki/Valenki) 1920s in fashion (/wiki/1920s_in_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Cox, Caroline (2008). Vintage Shoes . New York: HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . p. 45. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-166576-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) anon. (11 April 1915), "Short skirts, higher boots" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0DE4DD153BE233A25752C1A9629C946496D6CF) , New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) ^ (#cite_ref-3) anon. "Poiret: king of fashion" (http://www.metmuseum.org/special/poiret/king_of_fashion_gallerytexts.asp) . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 17 July 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) anon. "inventory #2005.45.1: boots by Paul Poiret, c.1916" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110719192958/http://fashionmuseum.fitnyc.edu/code/emuseum.asp?style=browse&currentrecord=1&page=search&profile=objects&searchdesc=boot&quicksearch=boot&sessionid=4104294B-655B-46F3-9F81-A23D2185BBD5&action=quicksearch&style=single&currentrecord=5) . Museum at FIT. Archived from the original (http://fashionmuseum.fitnyc.edu/code/emuseum.asp?style=browse&currentrecord=1&page=search&profile=objects&searchdesc=boot&quicksearch=boot&sessionid=4104294B-655B-46F3-9F81-A23D2185BBD5&action=quicksearch&style=single&currentrecord=5) on 19 July 2011 . Retrieved 17 July 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) anon. (11 April 1915), "Short skirts, higher boots" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0DE4DD153BE233A25752C1A9629C946496D6CF) , New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cox, Caroline (2008). Vintage Shoes . New York: HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . p. 45. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-166576-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Russian Boots", The Manchester Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , 19 November 1925 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Russian Boots", The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) , 17 September 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Cox, Caroline (2008). Vintage Shoes . New York: HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . p. 45. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-166576-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) anon. "black leather Russian boot, 1925" (http://www.vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=68930&sos=3/) . London College of Fashion Shoe Collection . Retrieved 10 July 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Steele, Valerie (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) (2005). Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion . Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons) . p. 175 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofcl00vale/page/175) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-684-31394-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Russian Boots With Fur Collars", The Manchester Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , 9 September 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Russian Boots: New Fashions With Laced Tops", The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) , 15 February 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-14) anon. (1920s). "Boots, boots, boots; latest Russian boot styles for Eve" (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/boots-boots-boots-latest-russian-boot-styles) . British Pathe News . Retrieved 17 July 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Cox, Caroline (2008). Vintage Shoes . New York: HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . p. 45. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-166576-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "High Boots The Style For British Women", New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) , 26 September 1925 ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Russian Boots Cause Colds", Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , 9 December 1925 ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Russian Boots Trap Girl", New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) , 27 November 1925 ^ (#cite_ref-19) "While Taking Off Her Boots: Woman's Tug Breaks Thigh", Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) , 10 April 1928 ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Paris Fashion Turns in Favor of Boots", Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) , 2 May 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-21) "London Girls, Wearing Russian Boots, Arrive", The Boston Daily Globe (/wiki/Boston_Globe) , 23 December 1925 ^ (#cite_ref-22) "A Bombay Woman's Causerie: X'mas Shopping: The Missing Russian Boots", Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) , 25 December 1925 ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Boots for Women Sign of Changes", Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , 30 December 1927 ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Russian Boots: The Question of Cost", The Manchester Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , 20 February 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-25) " "Russian Boots:" Trade Criticism Shoddy Footwear and Ill Health", The Scotsman (/wiki/The_Scotsman) , 18 February 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-26) "The Russian Boot: Black Stockings Again", The Manchester Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , 11 March 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-27) "New Style Russian Boots: Lady Duff Gordon's Hymn of Praise", Irish Times (/wiki/Irish_Times) , 9 September 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Advice to Boot Dealers: Styles Likely To Be In Demand This Year", The Manchester Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , 27 January 1926 ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Russian Boot is Passé: Its Place in England Now Taken By Gaiters And Spattees", New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) , 2 January 1927 ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Rubber Boots", The Manchester Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , 29 October 1928 ^ (#cite_ref-31) "London Modistes' See Russian Boot's Doom", Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) , 6 December 1925 ^ (#cite_ref-32) Turnbull, George (15 November 1926), "The London Observer", The Spur ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Puss In Boots Again", The Manchester Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) , 14 January 1930 ^ (#cite_ref-34) Verin, Helene (2009). Beth Levine Shoes . New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang (/wiki/Stewart,_Tabori_%26_Chang) . p. 43. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-58479-759-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Yaffa, Joshua (4 January 2009), "Foraging: Moscow, valenki boots" (http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/01/04/travel/04foraging.html) , New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6b77c95f4f‐zn5b6 Cached time: 20240626113300 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.308 seconds Real time usage: 0.637 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1241/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39856/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 76/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 117899/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.201/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4053073/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 536.213 1 -total 90.34% 484.403 1 Template:Reflist 64.44% 345.534 6 Template:Cite_book 16.89% 90.566 25 Template:Citation 4.41% 23.662 1 Template:Hatnote 2.88% 15.424 4 Template:Cite_web 2.27% 12.194 1 Template:For 0.30% 1.630 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28080004-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626113300 and revision id 1152528902. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_boot&oldid=1152528902 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_boot&oldid=1152528902) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : History of fashion (/wiki/Category:History_of_fashion) Shoes (/wiki/Category:Shoes) Boots (/wiki/Category:Boots)
French fashion merchant (1759–1805) Adélaïde Henriette Damoville ( Madame Eloffe ; 1759–1805) was a French fashion merchant (/wiki/Fashion_merchant) . She was a favorite milliner (/wiki/Milliner) of Queen Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) . She was the niece of Mme Pompey and succeeded her in the privilege of selling the trimmings and accessories to the women of the royal court. She provided dresses for the ladies-in-waiting in the court of Versailles (/wiki/Versailles) , and Marie Antoinette was a regular costumer. Eloffe was described as a successful rival to Rose Bertin. She was known to advertise her business to the queen by having a portrait of her in the window of her shop. Her accounts books testify that it was common for noblewomen to order remakes of dresses rather than to order completely new ones, but that the remakes were often more expensive than new ones. The queen often ordered remakes and redecorations of old dresses from her. In 1785, the queen owed Eloffe a sum of 25.000 livres, in comparison to the 90.000 livres she owed Rose Bertin. After the outbreak of the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) , Eloffe no longer sent her bills monthly to her clients, but charged them directly for each item. Madame Eloffe was one of the four top fashion merchants alongside Rose Bertin (/wiki/Rose_Bertin) , Le Sieur Beaulard (/wiki/Le_Sieur_Beaulard) and Mademoiselle Alexandre (/wiki/Mademoiselle_Alexandre) during the reign of Louis XVI (/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France) . Her account books, unlike those of Rose Bertin (/wiki/Rose_Bertin) , have been preserved and are considered to be valuable historical sources, particularly in regard to the wardrobe of Marie Antoinette. Her business with Marie Antoinette was published in the work by Gustave-Armand-Henry, Comte de Reiset, Modes et usages au temps de Marie Antoinette: Livre-journal de Madame Eloffe, 2. vols. (Paris, 1885). References [ edit ] Daniel Roche, The Culture of Clothing: Dress and Fashion in the Ancien Régime (https://books.google.com/books?id=iksOtjX47xoC&dq=Eloffe-Pompey&pg=PA326) Caroline Weber (/wiki/Caroline_Weber_(author)) , Queen of Fashion: What Marie Antoinette Wore to the Revolution (https://books.google.com/books?id=Lx2I3YtTcXQC&dq=Madame+Eloffe&pg=PA296) Clare Haru Crowston, Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675–1791 (https://books.google.com/books?id=jUwfakfdMHwC&dq=Madame+Eloffe&pg=PA435) Carolyn Sargentson, Merchants and luxury markets: the marchands merciers of eighteenth-century Paris , Victoria and Albert Museum, 1996 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐56b7cbc648‐wgvf4 Cached time: 20240625162041 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.071 seconds Real time usage: 0.111 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 217/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1323/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 518/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 921/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.029/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1098265/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 100.117 1 -total 86.10% 86.203 1 Template:Short_description 50.02% 50.079 2 Template:Pagetype 21.72% 21.748 3 Template:Main_other 19.31% 19.337 1 Template:SDcat 13.73% 13.744 1 Template:Reflist 2.52% 2.522 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58713778-0!canonical and timestamp 20240625162043 and revision id 1230951638. Rendering was triggered because: edit-page esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madame_Eloffe&oldid=1230951638 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madame_Eloffe&oldid=1230951638) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_designers) French milliners (/wiki/Category:French_milliners) 18th-century French businesswomen (/wiki/Category:18th-century_French_businesswomen) 18th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:18th-century_French_businesspeople) Household of Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Category:Household_of_Marie_Antoinette) 1759 births (/wiki/Category:1759_births) 1805 deaths (/wiki/Category:1805_deaths) French women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_women_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Marie Payet" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Marie+Payet%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Marie+Payet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Marie+Payet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Marie+Payet%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Marie+Payet%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Marie+Payet%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Marie Payet Born Marie Payet ( 1992-08-17 ) 17 August 1992 (age 31) Réunion (/wiki/R%C3%A9union) , France (/wiki/France) Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Réunion 2011 Miss Universe France 2012 (/wiki/Miss_France) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Major competition(s) Miss Réunion 2008 (4th Runner-Up) Miss Réunion 2011 (Winner) Miss France 2012 (/wiki/Miss_France_2012) (2nd Runner-Up) Miss Universe 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2012) (Top 10) Marie Payet (born 17 August 1992 in Réunion (/wiki/R%C3%A9union) ) is a French singer, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Réunion 2011 [1] (#cite_note-1) and second runner-up in Miss France (/wiki/Miss_France) 2012, behind Delphine Wespiser (/wiki/Delphine_Wespiser) . She went on to place in the top ten in Miss Universe 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2012) . Pageantry [ edit ] Miss Reunion [ edit ] Payet was crowned Miss Reunion on 16 July 2011. She succeeded Florence Arginthe. She was automatically qualified for the Miss France (/wiki/Miss_France) 2012 pageant. Miss France [ edit ] Delphine Wespiser, Miss Alsace 2011, was crowned Miss France (/wiki/Miss_France) 2012, and subsequently competed in Miss World 2012 (/wiki/Miss_World_2012) . Marie —Miss Reunion 2011—placed as 2nd runner-up, earning the right to represent France in Miss Universe 2012 in Las Vegas, USA, on 19 December. [2] (#cite_note-2) Miss Universe [ edit ] Marie Payet finished in the top 10 at Miss Universe 2012 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2012) . [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] On 12 November 2013 Marie Payet participated at the third season of The Voice (/wiki/The_Voice:_la_plus_belle_voix) 's Blind Auditions (French version). [3] (#cite_note-3) On 1 February 2014 Marie performed This Love ( Maroon 5 (/wiki/Maroon_5) ). Unfortunately, none of the coaches chose her. [4] (#cite_note-4) Discography [ edit ] Marie Payet's first passion is music. During her reign as Miss Reunion 2011, a famous Reunionese singer called Bernard Joron, leader of the group Ousanousava, write a song for her. This song entitled 'Fleur Créole' is about the beauty of Métis women. Single [ edit ] 2012 : Fleur Créole [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Miss France 2012 : Marie Payet élue Miss Réunion 2011 !" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130328071540/http://tele.premiere.fr/News-Tele/Miss-France-2012-Marie-Payet-elue-Miss-Reunion-2011-2827712) . Premiere. July 18, 2011. Archived from the original (http://tele.premiere.fr/News-Tele/Miss-France-2012-Marie-Payet-elue-Miss-Reunion-2011-2827712) on March 28, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss Univers : Delphine Wespiser laisse sa place à la sublime Miss Réunion" (http://www.purepeople.com/article/miss-univers-delphine-wespiser-laisse-sa-place-a-la-sublime-miss-reunion_a108338/1) . Pure People. October 10, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Voice 3 : Marie Payet (Miss Réunion 2011) passe les auditions" (http://tele.premiere.fr/News-Tele/The-Voice-3-Marie-Payet-Miss-Reunion-2011-passe-les-auditions-3887577) . Premiere. November 13, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Marie Payet reprend " This Love " (Maroon 5)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140207092205/http://videos.tf1.fr/the-voice/extraits/marie-payet-reprend-this-love-maroon-5-8356913.html) . MyTF1. February 1, 2014. Archived from the original (http://videos.tf1.fr/the-voice/extraits/marie-payet-reprend-this-love-maroon-5-8356913.html) on February 7, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Marie Payet - Fleur Créole - Official Music Video" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgZIujf1EPQ) . Christopher MAC DONALD. February 7, 2012. 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Type of bow tie This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Continental_tie) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Continental_tie) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Continental_tie&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Continental+tie&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Continental+tie) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Continental_tie) for suggestions. ( November 2022 ) This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Continental_tie) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Continental tie" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Continental+tie%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Continental+tie%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Continental+tie%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Continental+tie%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Continental+tie%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Continental+tie%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A continental tie worn on a US Navy uniform. A continental tie , also called a crossover tie , is a type of bow tie (/wiki/Bow_tie) partly covered by the dress shirt collar. External links [ edit ] Why You Should Try Out Orlando Bloom's 'Continental Tie' At Your Next Formal Do (https://www.esquire.com/uk/style/a23918111/what-is-a-continental-tie/) Flashback: The Continental Tie — Gentleman's Gazette (https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/continental-tie/) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands 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Canadian Inuk fashion designer Modern women's parka by Victoria Kakuktinniq, 2021. The body is synthetic waterproof fabric, with silver fox (/wiki/Silver_fox_(animal)) fur trim on the hood and sealskin (/wiki/Sealskin) trim on the hem and cuffs. The curved hem is typical of the traditional amauti . Victoria Kakuktinniq (born 1989) is a Canadian Inuk (/wiki/Inuit) fashion designer from Nunavut (/wiki/Nunavut) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Under her label Victoria's Arctic Fashion , Kakuktinniq hand-stitches clothing such as parkas (/wiki/Parka) , kamiit (/wiki/Kamik) (winter boots), and other accessories. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Her work has been described as a major influence in contemporary Inuit fashion (/wiki/Contemporary_Inuit_fashion) . [4] (#cite_note-Rogers2-4) [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Kakuktinniq has described her work as a means of preserving Inuit traditional skills (/wiki/Traditional_knowledge) of sewing and clothing production, which has historically been a significant aspect of Inuit culture (/wiki/Inuit_culture) . [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In particular, she advocates for handmade fur garments as sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) . [9] (#cite_note-:9-9) Kakuktinniq works in a combination of modern and traditional materials, including leather, sealskin (/wiki/Sealskin) , and fox fur (/wiki/Fox_fur) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-:7-11) Her parkas incorporate elements of traditional Inuit clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) , drawing in particular from the amauti (/wiki/Amauti) , a woman's overcoat with a curved hem and voluminous hood. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [12] (#cite_note-:1-12) Modern elements include asymmetrical (/wiki/Asymmetry) zippers, corset (/wiki/Corset) -style lacing, and colour-blocking (/wiki/Color-blocking) . [11] (#cite_note-:7-11) Kakuktinniq, who is from Rankin Inlet (/wiki/Rankin_Inlet) , began designing parkas in 2012 after completing Miqqut, a cultural literacy (/wiki/Cultural_literacy) program from Ilitaqsiniq (/w/index.php?title=Ilitaqsiniq&action=edit&redlink=1) (Nunavut Literacy Council), in which Inuit elders (/wiki/American_Indian_elder) teach sewing skills to younger participants. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [12] (#cite_note-:1-12) [13] (#cite_note-:2-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) She graduated from the fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) program at MC College in Winnipeg (/wiki/Winnipeg) , Manitoba (/wiki/Manitoba) in 2013 and began selling designs at trade shows and using social media (/wiki/Social_media) . [7] (#cite_note-:6-7) [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2015 her label was named Business of the Year at the Nunavut Trade Show & Conference. [16] (#cite_note-16) She opened her first shop in Iqaluit (/wiki/Iqaluit) in 2017. [13] (#cite_note-:2-13) [17] (#cite_note-17) Kakuktinniq has showcased designs at numerous fashion shows in Canada and abroad. Her first major show was What to Wear in the Winter at the Winnipeg Art Gallery (/wiki/Winnipeg_Art_Gallery) (2015). [18] (#cite_note-18) She presented a Spring/Summer collection at International Indigenous Fashion Week, a feature event at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) (2019). Kakuktinniq collaborated with other Inuit designers who provided jewellery, accessories, and footwear for her outfits. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-:3-20) Later that year, Kakuktinniq co-produced Upingaksaaq Fashion Show in Iqaluit, which featured Inuit designers. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2020, she presented a Fall/Winter collection at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) (NYFW). [20] (#cite_note-:3-20) She was one of five artists chosen to design a pair of mukuks for the Manitobah Mukluks 2021 Artist Series. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2022, Kakuktinnniq partnered with winterwear brand Canada Goose (/wiki/Canada_Goose_(clothing)) on a capsule collection (/wiki/Capsule_collection) for the third iteration of Project Atigi, their collaboration line with national Inuit organization Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (/wiki/Inuit_Tapiriit_Kanatami) . [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) Kakuktinnniq had been invited to work on the original iteration, but declined to focus on her brick and mortar (/wiki/Brick_and_mortar) store in Iqaluit. [9] (#cite_note-:9-9) The advertising campaign for the collection featured Inuit women as models: throat singer Shina Novalinga (/wiki/Shina_Novalinga) , actress Marika Sila (/wiki/Marika_Sila) and model Willow Allen (/wiki/Willow_Allen) . [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) Parkas from this collection were displayed at Iqaluit Airport (/wiki/Iqaluit_Airport) in July 2022 for an exhibit curated by the Culture and Heritage department of the Government of Nunavut. [24] (#cite_note-24) Kakuktinniq presented at NYFW in February 2024, and at the inaugural SWAIA Native Fashion Week, organized by the Southwestern Association for Indian Arts (/wiki/Southwestern_Association_for_Indian_Arts) , in May 2024. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) See also [ edit ] Nicole Camphaug (/wiki/Nicole_Camphaug) , an Inuk designer who works with sealskin First Nations fashion (/wiki/First_Nations_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Vorano, Norman (November 22, 2017). "30 Artists to Know: Victoria Kakuktinniq" (https://www.inuitartfoundation.org/lite/iaq-online/30-artists-victoria-kakuktinniq) . Inuit Art Foundation . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "10 Indigenous Fashion Designers to Know" (http://www.ellecanada.com/fashion/10-indigenous-fashion-designers-to-know) . Elle Canada (/wiki/Elle_Canada) . June 4, 2021 . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Turner, Randy (December 16, 2016). "The WAG's Inuit Art Centre will be about people, not just things they create" (https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/the-wags-stunning-65m-inuit-art-centre-will-be-about-people-not-just-things-they-create-406567685.html) . Winnipeg Free Press (/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press) . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rogers2_4-0) Rogers, Sarah (March 27, 2019). "Nunavut fashion and design come into their own" (https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/nunavut-fashion-and-design-come-into-their-own/) . Nunatsiaq News (/wiki/Nunatsiaq_News) . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b MacInnis, Tara (April 10, 2019). "The creator of Toronto's Indigenous Fashion Week chooses 5 designers to watch" (https://www.cbc.ca/life/style/the-creator-of-toronto-s-indigenous-fashion-week-chooses-her-top-5-designers-to-watch-1.5092422) . CBC (/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation) . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bowen, Dana (September–October 2022). "A New Era of High Fashion" (https://www.uphere.ca/articles/new-era-high-fashion) . Up Here (/wiki/Up_Here_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 18, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rogers, Sarah (February 3, 2014). "Northern Lights conference puts young designer's work in the limelight" (https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/65674northern_lights_conference_puts_young_designers_work_in_the_limelight/) . Nunatsiaq News (/wiki/Nunatsiaq_News) . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kassam, Ashifa (May 11, 2017). " (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/11/sealskin-trade-inuit-fashion-designers-greenpeace) 'It's our way of life': Inuit designers are reclaiming the tarnished sealskin trade" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/11/sealskin-trade-inuit-fashion-designers-greenpeace) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Burnett, Stewart (January 28, 2022). "Kivalliq designer celebrates Inuit fashion with Canada Goose collaboration" (https://www.nunavutnews.com/arts/kivalliq-designer-celebrates-inuit-fashion-with-canada-goose-collaboration/) . Nunavut News (/wiki/Nunavut_News) . Retrieved February 18, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Georgijevic, Anya (November 5, 2018). "Is fur falling out of fashion?" (http://www.ellecanada.com/fashion/trends/is-fur-falling-out-of-fashion) . Elle Canada . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Folger, Napatsi (March 15, 2020). "The New Arctic Cool: 5 Designers to Watch" (https://www.pressreader.com/canada/inuit-art-quarterly/20200315/281547997943009) . Inuit Art Quarterly . Retrieved December 1, 2021 – via PressReader (/wiki/PressReader) . ^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Beth (February 28, 2018). "This Iqaluit-Based Designer Can Hand-Make a Luxe Parka in 2.5 Hours" (https://www.flare.com/fashion/luxe-inuit-parkas/) . Flare (/wiki/Flare_(magazine)) . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b LeTourneau, Michele (April 25, 2019). "Designers Attagutsiak and Kakuktinniq bring it home" (https://www.nunavutnews.com/nunavut-news/designers-attagutsiak-and-kakuktinniq-bring-it-home/) . Nunavut News . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Nunavut Literacy Council wins $20K award for Miqqut Project" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/nunavut-literacy-council-wins-20k-award-for-miqqut-project-1.3206900) . CBC News . August 28, 2015 . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Reynolds, Christina (January 2, 2014). "Elle World: Sewing, culture and traditions in Nunavut" (http://www.ellecanada.com/culture/travel/elle-world-sewing-culture-and-traditions-in-nunavut) . Elle Canada . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Zerehi, Sima Sahar (September 19, 2016). "25th annual Nunavut trade show and conference opens in Iqaluit" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/nunavut-trade-show-conference-iqaluit-1.3768723) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Greer, Darrell (November 21, 2017). "A fashionable grand opening" (https://www.nunavutnews.com/nunavut-news/fashionable-grand-opening/) . Nunavut News . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Tamoto, Connie (September 19, 2015). "Fur, teeth and antlers hallmarks of Inuit fashion" (https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/animal-attraction-328357881.html) . Winnipeg Free Press (/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press) . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) LeTourneau, Michele (February 14, 2019). "Around Nunavut: Victoria's Arctic Fashion hits the Paris runways" (https://www.nnsl.com/nunavut-news/around-nunavut-victorias-arctic-fashion-hits-the-paris-runways-kelly-fraser-recognized-by-indspire-and-youth-name-next-generation-of-rcmp-service-dogs/) . NNSL Media (/wiki/Northern_News_Services) . Retrieved December 1, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b McKay, Jackie (January 8, 2020). "Victoria's Arctic Fashion gearing up for New York Fashion Week" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/victoria-s-arctic-fashion-new-york-1.5419254) . CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . Retrieved November 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Driscoll, Kent (April 23, 2019). "Nunavut fashion show in Iqaluit by Inuit, for Inuit" (https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/nunavut-fashion-show-in-iqaluit-by-inuit-for-inuit/) . APTN News (/wiki/APTN_News) . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Manitobah Mukluks Releases 2021 Artist Series" (https://nativemaxmagazine.com/manitobah-mukluks-releases-2021-artist-series/) . Native Max . December 14, 2021 . Retrieved September 16, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cardin-Goyer, Camille (February 2022). "Reclaiming Their Culture" (https://www.ellecanada.com/fashion/shopping/project-atigi-meet-the-inuit-designer-victoria-kakuktinniq) . Elle Canada (/wiki/Elle_Canada) . p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Howitt, Madalyn (July 28, 2022). "New exhibit at Iqaluit airport celebrates Nunavut seamstresses" (https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/new-exhibit-at-iqaluit-airport-celebrates-nunavut-seamstresses/) . Nunatsiaq News . Retrieved September 16, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "News Roundup: Inuit Designers Present Collections at New York Fashion Week" (https://www.inuitartfoundation.org/lite/iaq-online/news-roundup-inuit-designers-present-collections-at-new-york-fashion-week) . Inuit Art Foundation . February 23, 2024 . Retrieved May 18, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Allaire, Christian (May 2, 2024). "Five Artists to Know From the Inaugural SWAIA Native Fashion Week" (https://www.vogue.com/article/swaia-native-fashion-week-artists-preview) . Vogue . Retrieved June 19, 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://vafashion.ca/) Victoria Kakuktinniq (https://www.inuitartfoundation.org/lite/profiles/artist/Victoria-Kakuktinniq) profile from Inuit Art Foundation CBC Radio interview with Victoria Kakuktinniq (https://www.cbc.ca/radio/q/tuesday-may-14-2019-cathy-guisewite-russell-thomas-and-more-1.5134185/meet-victoria-kakuktinniq-the-iqaluit-based-designer-with-her-finger-on-the-pulse-of-northern-fashion-1.5134207) , 2019 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐sb5th Cached time: 20240710172146 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.429 seconds Real time usage: 0.520 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1515/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 47543/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 778/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 97991/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.303/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15906496/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 477.372 1 -total 50.34% 240.323 1 Template:Reflist 35.62% 170.039 17 Template:Cite_web 23.03% 109.962 3 Template:Lang 10.68% 50.979 1 Template:Short_description 7.01% 33.479 8 Template:Cite_news 6.21% 29.660 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates 6.03% 28.765 2 Template:Pagetype 3.48% 16.598 1 Template:Authority_control 3.01% 14.353 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68117719-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710172146 and revision id 1229855936. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. 0–9 2000s fashion (/wiki/Category:2000s_fashion) ‎ (22 C, 378 P) 2010s fashion (/wiki/Category:2010s_fashion) ‎ (11 C, 347 P) 2020s fashion (/wiki/Category:2020s_fashion) ‎ (6 C, 153 P) G Gothic fashion (/wiki/Category:Gothic_fashion) ‎ (16 P) H Heavy metal fashion (/wiki/Category:Heavy_metal_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 9 P) Hip hop fashion (/wiki/Category:Hip_hop_fashion) ‎ (59 P) L Lolita fashion (/wiki/Category:Lolita_fashion) ‎ (16 P) Pages in category "21st-century fashion" The following 90 pages are in this category, out of 90 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 21st century in fashion (/wiki/21st_century_in_fashion) A Aristocrat (fashion) (/wiki/Aristocrat_(fashion)) Army Service Uniform (/wiki/Army_Service_Uniform) B Backless dress (/wiki/Backless_dress) Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Bangs (hair) (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Black tie (/wiki/Black_tie) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Bowler hat (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) Bra (/wiki/Bra) Bralessness (/wiki/Bralessness) Butterfly haircut (/wiki/Butterfly_haircut) Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) C Cape dress (/wiki/Cape_dress) Casual wear (/wiki/Casual_wear) Catsuit (/wiki/Catsuit) Changshan (/wiki/Changshan) Chastity belt (/wiki/Chastity_belt) Clothing sizes (/wiki/Clothing_sizes) Coatdress (/wiki/Coatdress) Cocktail dress (/wiki/Cocktail_dress) Compression garment (/wiki/Compression_garment) Covert coat (/wiki/Covert_coat) Cowboy hat (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) D Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) E Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) F Fashion boot (/wiki/Fashion_boot) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) G Gown (/wiki/Gown) Gucci Diana (/wiki/Gucci_Diana) H Halo hat (/wiki/Halo_hat) Heatherette (/wiki/Heatherette) High-heeled shoe (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Hoodie (/wiki/Hoodie) I It bag (/wiki/It_bag) J School uniforms in Japan (/wiki/School_uniforms_in_Japan) Jeans (/wiki/Jeans) Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) K Kelly bag (/wiki/Kelly_bag) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Knit cap (/wiki/Knit_cap) L Line the Label (/wiki/Line_the_Label) Little black dress (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Lob (haircut) (/wiki/Lob_(haircut)) Lolita fashion (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) Low-crotch pants (/wiki/Low-crotch_pants) M M1 helmet (/wiki/M1_helmet) Magua (clothing) (/wiki/Magua_(clothing)) Mariner's cap (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Minimalist shoe (/wiki/Minimalist_shoe) N No Bra Day (/wiki/No_Bra_Day) O Overalls (/wiki/Overalls) P Paisley (design) (/wiki/Paisley_(design)) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Papakha (/wiki/Papakha) Peak beard (/wiki/Peak_beard) Peaked cap (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Peep-toe shoe (/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe) Pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) Princess line (/wiki/Princess_line) Princess seams (/wiki/Princess_seams) R Ray-Ban Wayfarer (/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Romper suit (/wiki/Romper_suit) S Sabot (shoe) (/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)) Shorts (/wiki/Shorts) Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Sportswear (fashion) (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) Strapless dress (/wiki/Strapless_dress) History of suits (/wiki/History_of_suits) Sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpants) Sweatshirt (/wiki/Sweatshirt) T T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) Tailcoat (/wiki/Tailcoat) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Thigh-high boots (/wiki/Thigh-high_boots) Thong (/wiki/Thong) Top hat (/wiki/Top_hat) Trousers as women's clothing (/wiki/Trousers_as_women%27s_clothing) U Undercut (hairstyle) (/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) W Waistcoat (/wiki/Waistcoat) Wellington boot (/wiki/Wellington_boot) White tie (/wiki/White_tie) Wideawake hat (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:21st-century_fashion&oldid=1196354641 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:21st-century_fashion&oldid=1196354641) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion by century (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_century) 21st century in the arts (/wiki/Category:21st_century_in_the_arts) 21st-century fads and trends (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fads_and_trends) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
Indian fashion designer This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( December 2018 ) Deepali Noor Born Mumbai, India [1] (#cite_note-1) Nationality Indian Occupation Fashion Designer (/wiki/Fashion_Designer) Awards Vijay Award for Best Costume Designer (/wiki/Vijay_Award_for_Best_Costume_Designer) for her work in the film Madrasapattinam (/wiki/Madrasapattinam) . also won the Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards (/wiki/Norway_Tamil_Film_Festival_Awards) [2] (#cite_note-2) for Best Costume Design Website www.deepalinoor.com Deepali Noor is an Indian fashion designer. [3] (#cite_note-3) She was born in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , Maharashtra. She was involved in advertising and modelling before joining the fashion industry. [4] (#cite_note-4) Achievements [ edit ] Deepali has won several awards for her work. She won the Vijay Award for Best Costume Designer (/wiki/Vijay_Award_for_Best_Costume_Designer) for her work in the film Madrasapattinam (/wiki/Madrasapattinam) in 2012. She was also nominated for the same award for her work in Nanban (film) (/wiki/Nanban_(2012_film)) [ citation needed ] in 2010. She also won the Ananda Vikatan (/wiki/Ananda_Vikatan) award in the year 2012 and the Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards (/wiki/Norway_Tamil_Film_Festival_Awards) [5] (#cite_note-5) for Best Costume Design in the year 2011 for her work in Madrasapattinam (/wiki/Madrasapattinam) . Year Film Actor(s) 2023 Varisu (/wiki/Varisu) Vijay (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) 2021 Pushpa: The Rise (/wiki/Pushpa:_The_Rise) Allu Arjun (/wiki/Allu_Arjun) , Rashmika Mandanna (/wiki/Rashmika_Mandanna) 2021 Minnal Murali (/wiki/Minnal_Murali) Tovino Thomas (/wiki/Tovino_Thomas) (only superhero costume) 2018 Sarkar (/wiki/Sarkar_(2018_film)) Vijay (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) , Keerthy Suresh (/wiki/Keerthy_Suresh) 2018 Thaanaa Serndha Koottam (/wiki/Thaanaa_Serndha_Koottam) Keerthy Suresh (/wiki/Keerthy_Suresh) 2016 Mudinja Ivana Pudi (/wiki/Mudinja_Ivana_Pudi) Sudeep (/wiki/Sudeep) , Nithya Menen (/wiki/Nithya_Menen) 2016 Sarainodu (/wiki/Sarainodu) Allu Arjun (/wiki/Allu_Arjun) 2016 Theri (/wiki/Theri_(film)) Samantha (/wiki/Samantha_Akkineni) 2014 Bangalore Days (/wiki/Bangalore_Days) Dulquer Salmaan (/wiki/Dulquer_Salmaan) , Fahadh Faasil (/wiki/Fahadh_Faasil) , Nivin Pauly (/wiki/Nivin_Pauly) , Nazriya Nazim (/wiki/Nazriya_Nazim) , Isha Talwar (/wiki/Isha_Talwar) , Parvathy (/wiki/Parvathy_Thiruvothu) , Nithya Menen (/wiki/Nithya_Menen) 2015 Puli (/wiki/Puli_(2015_film)) [6] (#cite_note-6) Vijay (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) 2015 Son of Satyamurthy (/wiki/Son_of_Satyamurthy) Samantha (/wiki/Samantha_Akkineni) 2015 Meagamann (/wiki/Meagamann) Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) 2015 10 Enradhukulla (/wiki/10_Enradhukulla) [7] (#cite_note-7) Samantha (/wiki/Samantha_Akkineni) 2015 Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga (/wiki/Vasuvum_Saravananum_Onna_Padichavanga) Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) 2015 Kaaki Sattai (/wiki/Kaaki_Sattai) Sivakarthikeyan (/wiki/Sivakarthikeyan) , Sri Divya (/wiki/Sri_Divya) 2015 Pencil (film) (/wiki/Pencil_(film)) [8] (#cite_note-8) G V Prakash Kumar (/wiki/G_V_Prakash_Kumar) , Sri Divya (/wiki/Sri_Divya) 2015 I (/wiki/I_(2015_film)) Vikram (/wiki/Vikram_(actor)) , Ramkumar (/wiki/Ramkumar) 2014 Kaththi (/wiki/Kaththi) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Vijay (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) , Neil Nitin Mukesh (/wiki/Neil_Nitin_Mukesh) , Samantha (/wiki/Samantha_(actress)) 2014 Anjaan (2014 film) (/wiki/Anjaan_(2014_film)) Suriya (/wiki/Suriya) , Vidyut Jamwal (/wiki/Vidyut_Jamwal) , Samantha (actress) (/wiki/Samantha_(actress)) 2013 Irandaam Ulagam (/wiki/Irandaam_Ulagam) [11] (#cite_note-11) Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) , Anushka Shetty (/wiki/Anushka_Shetty) 2013 Raja Rani (2013 film) (/wiki/Raja_Rani_(2013_film)) [12] (#cite_note-12) Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) 2013 Settai (/wiki/Settai_(2013_film)) [13] (#cite_note-13) Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) , Santhanam (actor) (/wiki/Santhanam_(actor)) , Ravikumar (actor) (/wiki/Ravikumar_(actor)) , Hansika Motwani (/wiki/Hansika_Motwani) 2013 Thalaivaa (/wiki/Thalaivaa) [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Vijay (actor) (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) , Amala Paul (/wiki/Amala_Paul) 2012 Nanban (film) (/wiki/Nanban_(2012_film)) Vijay (actor) (/wiki/Vijay_(actor)) , Illeana D'Cruz (/wiki/Illeana_D%27Cruz) 2012 Run Baby Run (2012 film) (/wiki/Run_Baby_Run_(2012_film)) Mohanlal (/wiki/Mohanlal) , Amala Paul (/wiki/Amala_Paul) 2012 Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal (/wiki/Muppozhudhum_Un_Karpanaigal) Atharvaa (/wiki/Atharvaa) , Amala Paul (/wiki/Amala_Paul) 2012 Vettai (/wiki/Vettai) [14] (#cite_note-14) R. Madhavan (/wiki/R._Madhavan) , Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) , Sameera Reddy (/wiki/Sameera_Reddy) , Amala Paul (/wiki/Amala_Paul) 2011 Rowthiram (/wiki/Rowthiram) Shriya Saran (/wiki/Shriya_Saran) 2010 Chikku Bukku (/wiki/Chikku_Bukku) Shriya Saran (/wiki/Shriya_Saran) , Arya (actor) (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) 2010 Boss Engira Bhaskaran (/wiki/Boss_Engira_Bhaskaran) Arya (actor) (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) 2010 Deiva Thirumagal (/wiki/Deiva_Thirumagal) [15] (#cite_note-15) Vikram (actor) (/wiki/Vikram_(actor)) and entire cast 2010 Madrasapattinam (/wiki/Madrasapattinam) Arya (/wiki/Arya_(actor)) , Amy Jackson (/wiki/Amy_Jackson) & Entire Film 2006 Sillunu Oru Kaadhal (/wiki/Sillunu_Oru_Kaadhal) Suriya (/wiki/Suriya) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Profile: Manish Malhotra" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194547/http://www.indiafashionweek.com/designers/manish-malhotra.html) . India Fashion Week. Archived from the original (http://www.indiafashionweek.com/designers/manish-malhotra.html) on 2 January 2014 . Retrieved 2 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Tamilar Awards 2011: – Winners of the year \| NTFF" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112339/http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011) . www.ntff.no . Archived from the original (http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011) on 12 August 2015 . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Deepali Noor Costume Designer Profile \| Biography \| Latest \| Photos \| Videos \| Movies – Metromatinee" (http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/12599-deepali-noor) . www.metromatinee.com . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Backstage Pro - Deepali Noor \| RITZ" (http://www.ritzmagazine.in/the-backstage-pro-deepali-noor/) . RITZ Magazine . 12 September 2016 . Retrieved 14 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Tamilar Awards 2011: – Winners of the year \| NTFF" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112339/http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011) . www.ntff.no . Archived from the original (http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011) on 12 August 2015 . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Another Feather in Puli's Crown" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143306/http://loop21.com/movie-reviews/another-feather-in-pulis-crown-3261/) . Loop21\|The Front Page Of A NewsPaper . Archived from the original (http://loop21.com/movie-reviews/another-feather-in-pulis-crown-3261) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Chimbu Devan,Vijay,Manish Malhotra,sridevi,sudeep" (http://chennaieditor.com/cinema-news/what-is-unique-in-vijay-58.html) . chennaieditor.com . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Pencil Movie Details" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150327051245/http://www.studioflicks.com/gallery/pencil-movie-stills/) . Archived from the original (https://www.studioflicks.com/gallery/pencil-movie-stills/) on 27 March 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Filmography of Deepali Noor – Metromatinee" (http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/12599-deepali-noor-filmography) . www.metromatinee.com . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Puli will be having 5 costume designers like Deepali Noor, Manish Malhotra, Sai, Shiva and Chaitanya Rao \| Vijay Fans Network – A Die Hard Vijay Fans Community" (http://www.diehardvijayfans.com/2014/11/18/vijay58-will-be-having-5-costume-designers-like-deepali-noor-manish-malhotra-sai-shiva-and-chaitanya-rao/) . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Irandam Ulagam definition/meaning" (http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=irandam+ulagam) . Omnilexica . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "IndiaGlitz – Raja Rani User Review – Malayalam Movie News" (https://www.indiaglitz.com/raja-rani-user-review-malayalam-news-98115.html) . www.indiaglitz.com . 30 September 2013 . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Settai Movie Review Settai, Arya, Hansika" (http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/settai/Settai.html) . behindwoods.com . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Deepali Noor – Box Office" (http://www.the-numbers.com/person/298110401-Deepali-Noor#tab=summary) . The Numbers . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Costume Designer Deepali Noor \| New Movie Posters" (http://moviegalleri.net/tag/costume-designer-deepali-noor) . moviegalleri.net . 11 July 2011 . Retrieved 20 January 2016 . External links [ edit ] Deepali Noor (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3357530/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐mdlfs Cached time: 20240714182249 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.439 seconds Real time usage: 1.720 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3097/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39727/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4444/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 57721/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.255/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7380524/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1637.507 1 -total 25.62% 419.512 1 Template:Short_description 24.13% 395.190 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 21.35% 349.666 1 Template:Reflist 15.06% 246.674 15 Template:Cite_web 13.03% 213.371 1 Template:UDP 12.82% 209.936 25 Template:Main_other 10.94% 179.210 2 Template:Pagetype 10.83% 177.419 1 Template:Ambox 8.37% 137.086 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49170648-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714182249 and revision id 1217466078. 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American fashion designer (born 1978) Mondo Guerra Mondo Guerra in 2010 Born Armando Thomas Guerra ( 1978-06-06 ) June 6, 1978 (age 46) Denver (/wiki/Denver) , Colorado (/wiki/Colorado) , U.S. Occupation Fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Website www (http://www.mondoguerra.com) .mondoguerra (http://www.mondoguerra.com) .com (http://www.mondoguerra.com) Armando Thomas "Mondo" Guerra (born June 6, 1978) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) who finished as runner-up on Season 8 of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , and later won the series' first season (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) of Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) . After coming out as HIV positive (/wiki/HIV_positive) on the show, [1] (#cite_note-Denver_Post_2010-10-28-1) Guerra has become a spokesperson (/wiki/Spokesperson) for two national HIV campaigns — Merck (/wiki/Merck_%26_Co.) 's Project I Design (/w/index.php?title=Project_I_Design&action=edit&redlink=1) and Subaru (/wiki/Subaru) 's Dining Out For Life (/w/index.php?title=Dining_Out_For_Life&action=edit&redlink=1) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Guerra was also the first contestant on the show to come from Denver (/wiki/Denver) , Colorado (/wiki/Colorado) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Guerra is a fifth-generation Mexican-American (/wiki/Mexican-American) from the Denver area. [4] (#cite_note-4) He attended high school at the Denver School of the Arts (/wiki/Denver_School_of_the_Arts) . In 2001, when living in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , he tested HIV positive, at the age of 22. [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) He didn't start antiretroviral therapy (/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS) until several years later and struggled with adherence (/wiki/Adherence_(medicine)) , experiencing several side effects and being hospitalized more than once later in the 2000s. [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) In an interview he has spoken about struggling with AIDS in the American healthcare system (/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States) and reliance on Ryan White programs (/wiki/Ryan_White_CARE_Act) as well as having depression (/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder) and keeping his HIV status secret, including from his family. [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) He has also spoken about HIV stigma (/wiki/Social_stigma) and "AIDS phobia" within the gay community. [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) Project Runway [ edit ] Guerra was on the eighth season (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) , aired in 2010. After placing in the top, but not winning, on a number of challenges, then placing in the bottom but not being eliminated in the seventh (Resort Wear Challenge) episode, he won the challenges on the eighth ( Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy) Challenge), ninth (L'Oreal Makeup Challenge) and tenth (HP Pattern Challenge) episodes. He also won $20,000 for the ninth challenge, which involved both a "couture" look and a "ready-to-wear" look. During the tenth challenge, after a question from Nina García (/wiki/Nina_Garc%C3%ADa) and without having expected to do so, [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) he revealed to the judges that his pattern of bright, bold plus signs on a pant was inspired by his HIV+ (/wiki/HIV%2B) status, [1] (#cite_note-Denver_Post_2010-10-28-1) [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) and that he had been keeping his HIV status a secret for ten years; [1] (#cite_note-Denver_Post_2010-10-28-1) in an interview he mentioned that the schedule was particularly difficult for his medication adherence (/wiki/Medication_adherence) , despite coming shortly after a very low CD4 count (/wiki/CD4_count) . [6] (#cite_note-SFGate_2010-12-19-6) He had not previously disclosed his HIV status to his family and the show's producers and Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) spoke with him about how he wanted to handle the issue; Guerra has described feeling a sense of relief and self-love at going public with his status. [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) He finally disclosed to his family shortly before the tenth challenge was broadcast. [5] (#cite_note-TheBody_2010-10-19-5) With a collection themed on the Day of the Dead (/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead) [7] (#cite_note-Fox_Latino_2010-12-01-7) fan favorite [7] (#cite_note-Fox_Latino_2010-12-01-7) Guerra came in second place in the final competition held at Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week) at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts) in New York City. Oregonian Gretchen Jones (/wiki/Gretchen_Jones) took first place, and Hawaiiʻan Andy South — now Ari South [8] (#cite_note-Ari_South-8) — came in third. [8] (#cite_note-Ari_South-8) Project Runway executive producer Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) — who had pushed for Guerra to win over Jones in a lengthy [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) split debate over the winner — appeared in a modified version of one of Guerra's final collection gowns for the Los Angeles premiere of the movie Black Swan (/wiki/Black_Swan_(film)) [11] (#cite_note-11) a few weeks after the airing of the final episode. Guerra was the winner of the 2012 series first season (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) of Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) , beating out season 1 designer Austin Scarlett (/wiki/Austin_Scarlett) and close friend from season 8 Michael Costello (/wiki/Michael_Costello_(fashion_designer)) . [6] (#cite_note-SFGate_2010-12-19-6) In 2019, Guerra appeared in the seventh season (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) of Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) , where he assisted Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) for the final challenge. [12] (#cite_note-12) Guerra also was a judge for Project Runway Season 10, episode 9, in which contestants had to make their own print for fabric and design an outfit using the fabric. The episode flashed back to Guerra's win for this challenge during Season 8. [13] (#cite_note-13) Other notable work [ edit ] On November 30, 2010, Guerra appeared with Liza Minnelli (/wiki/Liza_Minnelli) , Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_(designer)) and Cheyenne Jackson (/wiki/Cheyenne_Jackson) on the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange (/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange) to ring the opening bell on behalf of amFAR (/wiki/AmFAR) , to usher in World AIDS Day (/wiki/World_AIDS_Day) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Also in commemoration of World AIDS Day, he designed a limited edition of T-shirts, one with a Day of the Dead sugar skull (/wiki/Sugar_skull) and one with a tree of life (/wiki/Tree_of_life) . [7] (#cite_note-Fox_Latino_2010-12-01-7) [15] (#cite_note-PopSugar_2010-12-01-15) These shirts were sold on Piperlime.com (/wiki/Piperlime.com) starting at midnight on December 1, 2010. [6] (#cite_note-SFGate_2010-12-19-6) For each shirt sold, $20 was donated to amfAR. [15] (#cite_note-PopSugar_2010-12-01-15) In his statement to Fox News Latino (/wiki/Fox_News_Latino) for his motivations in doing this, he said, "The Day of the Dead is celebration of our loved ones who have passed. When I was thinking of World Aids day I wanted to create something very true to who I am, and what I know. Who I've known and miss and those people in my life that still fight this disease. It's about love and continuation." [7] (#cite_note-Fox_Latino_2010-12-01-7) In the season 10 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_season_10) finale episode of the hit reality competition show RuPaul’s Drag Race , contestant Blair St Clair (/wiki/Blair_St._Clair) appeared wearing a gown designed by Guerra himself. It was rewarded the “Top Toot of the Week” by the show's official fashion review online series, Fashion Photo RuView (/wiki/Fashion_Photo_RuView) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2010-2012 Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Contestant Season 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) , Runner-up Himself Season 10 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_10) , Guest judge (1 episode) 2012-2019 Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) Contestant Season 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_1) , Winner Himself Season 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars_season_7) , Guest (1 episode) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Joanne Ostrow (October 28, 2010). "Designer Mondo Guerra's fans stunned by his (http://www.denverpost.com/2010/10/28/designer-mondo-guerras-fans-stunned-by-his-project-runway-loss/) Project Runway loss" (http://www.denverpost.com/2010/10/28/designer-mondo-guerras-fans-stunned-by-his-project-runway-loss/) . The Denver Post (/wiki/The_Denver_Post) . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A little more personal (raw) with... Mondo Guerra" (http://www.loverboymagazine.com/a-little-more-personal-raw-with-mondo-guerra/) . Loverboy (/w/index.php?title=Loverboy_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) . 2016 . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Jef Otte (July 29, 2010). "Designer Mondo Guerra plans to make a splash as Denver's first contestant on (https://web.archive.org/web/20100729195239/http://www.westword.com/2010-07-29/news/designer-mondo-guerra-plans-to-make-a-splash-as-denver-s-first-contestant-on-project-runway/) Project Runway " (https://web.archive.org/web/20100729195239/http://www.westword.com/2010-07-29/news/designer-mondo-guerra-plans-to-make-a-splash-as-denver-s-first-contestant-on-project-runway/) . Westword (/wiki/Westword) . Archived from the original (http://www.westword.com/2010-07-29/news/designer-mondo-guerra-plans-to-make-a-splash-as-denver-s-first-contestant-on-project-runway/) on July 29, 2010 . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Joanne Ostrow (August 16, 2010). "Ostrow: Denver's reality designer basks in limelight" (http://www.denverpost.com/2010/08/16/ostrow-denvers-reality-designer-basks-in-limelight/) . The Denver Post (/wiki/The_Denver_Post) . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kellee Terrell (October 19, 2010). "Mondo Guerra of (http://www.thebody.com/content/art59012.html) Project Runway Talks About Living With HIV and the Power of Disclosure" (http://www.thebody.com/content/art59012.html) . This Positive Life . TheBody.com . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Louise Rafkin (December 19, 2010). " (http://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Project-Runway-Mondo-Guerra-Michael-Costello-2453117.php) Project Runway : Mondo Guerra, Michael Costello" (http://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Project-Runway-Mondo-Guerra-Michael-Costello-2453117.php) . San Francisco Chronicle (/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle) . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Carolyn Salazar (December 1, 2010). "Mondo Commemorates World AIDS Day with, Um, Skulls" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101218163452/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/health/2010/12/01/mondo-designs-dia-los-muertos-t-shirts-world-aids-day/) . Fox News Latino (/wiki/Fox_News_Latino) . Archived from the original (http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/health/2010/12/01/mondo-designs-dia-los-muertos-t-shirts-world-aids-day/) on December 18, 2010 . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b JamesMichael Nichols (October 24, 2013). "Ari South, transgender (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/24/ari-south-transgender_n_4151196.html) Project Runway contestant, talks return to television" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/24/ari-south-transgender_n_4151196.html) . Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Joyce Lee (October 29, 2010). " (http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20021138-10391698.html) Project Runway season 8 declares a Winner" (http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20021138-10391698.html) . CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kyle Buchanan (November 2, 2010). "Tim Gunn Was Enlisted by Heidi Klum to Sway (http://www.vulture.com/2010/11/tim_gunn_was_enlisted_by_heidi.html) Project Runway ' s Final Vote Toward Mondo" (http://www.vulture.com/2010/11/tim_gunn_was_enlisted_by_heidi.html) . Vulture.com (/wiki/Vulture.com) . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Mondo Guerra on Designing a Dress for Heidi Klum in Just One Day!" (http://people.com/style/exclusive-mondo-guerra-on-designing-a-dress-for-heidi-klum-in-just-one-day/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . November 12, 2010 . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) " (https://www.goldderby.com/article/2019/project-runway-all-stars-finale-recap-all-the-worlds-a-runway-news/) 'Project Runway All Stars' finale recap: Do you think the right designer won in 'All the World's a Runway'?" (https://www.goldderby.com/article/2019/project-runway-all-stars-finale-recap-all-the-worlds-a-runway-news/) . Goldderby . March 27, 2019 . Retrieved April 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Anderson, Monika (14 September 2012). " (https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/09/13/project-runway-season-10-episode-9-tv-recap/) 'Project Runway,' Season 10, Episode 9: TV Recap" (https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/09/13/project-runway-season-10-episode-9-tv-recap/) . Wall Street Journal . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Chris Rovzar (December 1, 2010). "George W. Bush Has Some 'Friendly Advice' for Congress on World AIDS Day" (http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/12/george_bush_has_some_friendly.html) . New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Support World AIDS Day with Mondo Guerra's limited-edition Tees for Piperlime" (https://www.popsugar.com/fashion/Mondo-Guerra-Piperlime-World-AIDS-Day-T-Shirts-12325369) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . December 1, 2010 . Retrieved May 6, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) WOWPresents (2018-06-30), FASHION PHOTO RUVIEW: The Grand Finale with Raja and Manila Luzon , retrieved 2018-08-05 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.mondoguerra.com) Project Runway (http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120428010324/http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway/) 2012-04-28 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) on MyLifetime.com (/wiki/MyLifetime.com) Interview (http://www.blogtalkradio.com/poziam/2010/10/27/mondo-guerra) with Poz-I-Am Radio v t e Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Seasons Original (/wiki/Project_Runway) 1 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Project_Runway_season_9) 10 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Sebelia (/wiki/Jeffrey_Sebelia) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) * Leanne Marshall (/wiki/Leanne_Marshall) Irina Shabayeva (/wiki/Irina_Shabayeva) Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Gretchen Jones (/wiki/Gretchen_Jones) Anya Ayoung-Chee (/wiki/Anya_Ayoung-Chee) * Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Michelle Lesniak Dom Streater Sean Kelly Ashley Nell Tipton Erin Robertson Kentaro Kameyama Sebastian Grey Geoffrey Mac (/wiki/Geoffrey_Mac) Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) Bishme Cromartie All Stars Mondo Guerra * Anthony Ryan Auld Seth Aaron Henderson (/wiki/Seth_Aaron_Henderson) Dmitry Sholokhov (/wiki/Dmitry_Sholokhov) Dom Streater Anthony Williams Michelle Lesniak Junior Maya Chelsea Austin Scarlett (/wiki/Austin_Scarlett) * Bradon McDonald (/wiki/Bradon_McDonald) Candice Cuoco (/wiki/Candice_Cuoco) Carol Hannah Whitfield (/wiki/Carol_Hannah_Whitfield) Chris March (/wiki/Chris_March) Christopher Straub (/wiki/Christopher_Straub) * Daniel Franco 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(/wiki/On_the_Road_with_Austin_%26_Santino) Project Accessory (/wiki/Project_Accessory) Project Runway: Threads (/wiki/Project_Runway:_Threads) Tim Gunn's Guide to Style (/wiki/Tim_Gunn%27s_Guide_to_Style) Under the Gunn (/wiki/Under_the_Gunn) Starring Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garcia) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Rachel Roy (/wiki/Rachel_Roy) Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Brandon Maxwell (/wiki/Brandon_Maxwell) Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) Elaine Welteroth (/wiki/Elaine_Welteroth) Italics indicate All Star contestants * Asterisk indicate Fan Favorite-voted contestants on their season NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐2c5mq Cached time: 20240712172137 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.422 seconds Real time usage: 0.553 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2624/1000000 Post‐expand 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American costume designer for film and television Rita McGhee Born ( 1964-08-22 ) August 22, 1964 (age 59) San Francisco, California (/wiki/San_Francisco,_California) , U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Howard University (/wiki/Howard_University) Occupation Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Years active 1990-present Website ritamcghee (http://ritamcghee.net) .net (http://ritamcghee.net) Rita McGhee (born August 22, 1964) [1] (#cite_note-Kuam_News_-_Rita_McGhee-1) [2] (#cite_note-Instagram_-_Birthday_Post-2) is an American costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) for film and television. [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) Her career has included projects spanning various fashion (/wiki/Fashion) eras. [4] (#cite_note-Philadelphia_Inquirer_-_Rita_McGhee-4) She is known for her work on season 1 of FOX (/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company) 's musical drama series Empire (/wiki/Empire_(2015_TV_series)) . [4] (#cite_note-Philadelphia_Inquirer_-_Rita_McGhee-4) [5] (#cite_note-Crew_Call_-_Rita_McGhee-5) In July 2015, McGhee's costume design on episode 8, "The Lyon's Roar", was nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Contemporary_Costumes) . [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) The following year, in January 2016, her costume design for the season was nominated for the Costume Designers Guild Award for Outstanding Contemporary Costumes for a Television Series (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design_-_Contemporary_TV_Series) . [6] (#cite_note-WWD_-_Costume_Designer's_Guild-6) In addition, McGhee has led and/or contributed costume design for projects such as Spike Lee (/wiki/Spike_Lee) 's musical drama film Chi-Raq (/wiki/Chi-Raq) (2015), BET (/wiki/BET) 's miniseries The New Edition Story (/wiki/The_New_Edition_Story) (2017), Disney (/wiki/Disney) 's musical film Zombies (/wiki/Zombies_(2018_film)) (2018), and BET's miniseries American Soul (/wiki/American_Soul) (2019). [7] (#cite_note-Rolling_Out_-_Rita_McGhee-7) [8] (#cite_note-Jackalope_-_Rita_McGhee-8) [9] (#cite_note-Broadway_World_-_Zombies-9) [10] (#cite_note-BET_-_American_Soul-10) Early life and education [ edit ] McGhee was born in San Francisco, California (/wiki/San_Francisco,_California) to Troy and Claudette McGhee. [11] (#cite_note-The_Telegraph_-_Rita_McGhee-11) [12] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Parents-12) In 1968, her family relocated to Santa Rita, Guam (/wiki/Santa_Rita,_Guam) when her father accepted a civil service position on the island. [1] (#cite_note-Kuam_News_-_Rita_McGhee-1) [11] (#cite_note-The_Telegraph_-_Rita_McGhee-11) She has four siblings. [1] (#cite_note-Kuam_News_-_Rita_McGhee-1) [13] (#cite_note-Instagram_-_Brother_Post-13) McGhee graduated from George Washington High School in Mangilao, Guam (/wiki/Mangilao,_Guam) in 1982 [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) and attended Howard University (/wiki/Howard_University) , [14] (#cite_note-LA_Magazine_-_Rita_McGhee-14) studying fashion merchandising and business administration. [14] (#cite_note-LA_Magazine_-_Rita_McGhee-14) She also took classes in costume design while working in the school theater, [15] (#cite_note-Hello_Beautiful_-_Rita_McGhee-15) and graduated in 1989 with a Bachelor of Science. [16] (#cite_note-Howard_Magazine-16) Career [ edit ] After McGhee heard Spike Lee lecture at her college, she sent her resume to costume designer, Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) who was working with Lee's production company, [5] (#cite_note-Crew_Call_-_Rita_McGhee-5) [8] (#cite_note-Jackalope_-_Rita_McGhee-8) and was hired by Carter as an intern and wardrobe production assistant (/wiki/Production_assistant) . [17] (#cite_note-Essence_-_Rita_McGhee-17) She then moved to Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) and worked on Mo' Better Blues (/wiki/Mo%27_Better_Blues) (1990), Jungle Fever (/wiki/Jungle_Fever) (1991), The Five Heartbeats (/wiki/The_Five_Heartbeats) (1991), and What's Love Got to Do With It (/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)) (1993) among others. [15] (#cite_note-Hello_Beautiful_-_Rita_McGhee-15) [4] (#cite_note-Philadelphia_Inquirer_-_Rita_McGhee-4) [18] (#cite_note-LA_Sentinel_-_Rita_McGhee-18) McGhee also worked in the costume and wardrobe departments for In Living Color (/wiki/In_Living_Color) (1991-1992), Moesha (/wiki/Moesha) (1996), and Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(film)) (2001). [4] (#cite_note-Philadelphia_Inquirer_-_Rita_McGhee-4) [19] (#cite_note-All_Events_-_Moesha-19) [18] (#cite_note-LA_Sentinel_-_Rita_McGhee-18) After becoming a costume designer, McGhee worked on Reggie Rock Bythewood (/wiki/Reggie_Rock_Bythewood) 's Biker Boyz (/wiki/Biker_Boyz) (2003), Jeffrey W. Byrd (/wiki/Jeffrey_W._Byrd) 's King's Ransom (/wiki/King%27s_Ransom_(film)) (2005), and Benny Boom (/wiki/Benny_Boom) 's Next Day Air (/wiki/Next_Day_Air) (2009). [20] (#cite_note-Variety_-_Biker_Boyz-20) [18] (#cite_note-LA_Sentinel_-_Rita_McGhee-18) She then took a break from Hollywood (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States) and relocated to Friendswood, Texas (/wiki/Friendswood,_Texas) . [21] (#cite_note-Houston_Chronicle_-_Rita_McGhee-21) McGhee later interviewed for the costume designer position for Lee Daniels (/wiki/Lee_Daniels) and Danny Strong (/wiki/Danny_Strong) 's television series Empire . [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) She accepted the job offer and relocated to Chicago, Illinois (/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois) for filming. [21] (#cite_note-Houston_Chronicle_-_Rita_McGhee-21) In March 2015, her costume design for Empire was referred to as the "hip-hop royalty look" by the Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . [22] (#cite_note-LA_Times_-_Rita_McGhee-22) In July 2015, her work on the season 1 episode, "The Lyon's Roar", was nominated for an Emmy. [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) The episode featured a "White Party" scene where the cast dressed in all white clothing. [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) McGhee and her team launched Cookie's Closet, a website page featuring styles worn by Empire actress, Taraji P. Henson (/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson) . [23] (#cite_note-The_Root_-_Rita_McGhee-23) In September 2015, Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) launched a curated fashion collection inspired by the show. [23] (#cite_note-The_Root_-_Rita_McGhee-23) McGhee did not return for season 2 of Empire . [24] (#cite_note-WWD_-_Empire-24) She worked on the film Chi-Raq with Ruth E. Carter as lead costume designer. [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) McGhee later provided costume design for The New Edition Story with clothing choices described as a "virtuosic symphony" by The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . [25] (#cite_note-NYT_-_New_Edition_Story-25) She continued to work on projects including Lifetime (/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)) 's Michael Jackson: Searching for Neverland (/wiki/Michael_Jackson:_Searching_for_Neverland) (2017) and ABC (/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company) 's The Mayor (/wiki/The_Mayor_(TV_series)) (2017). [26] (#cite_note-WWD_-_Rita_McGhee-26) [18] (#cite_note-LA_Sentinel_-_Rita_McGhee-18) McGhee is a member of the Black Design Collective, a non-profit organization for African-American (/wiki/African-American) fashion designers and costume designers. [27] (#cite_note-WWD_-_Black_Designers_Collective-27) She is also a member of the Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) . [28] (#cite_note-Costume_Designers_Guild_Membership-28) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Refs [29] (#cite_note-resume-29) [30] (#cite_note-pr_jet-30) [31] (#cite_note-Staff_Me_Up_-_Rita_Mcghee-31) 1990 Mo' Better Blues (/wiki/Mo%27_Better_Blues) Production assistant [15] (#cite_note-Hello_Beautiful_-_Rita_McGhee-15) 1991 Jungle Fever (/wiki/Jungle_Fever) Wardrobe assistant [4] (#cite_note-Philadelphia_Inquirer_-_Rita_McGhee-4) 1991 The Five Heartbeats (/wiki/The_Five_Heartbeats) Assistant costumer [15] (#cite_note-Hello_Beautiful_-_Rita_McGhee-15) 1993 What's Love Got to Do With It (/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)) On set costumer [18] (#cite_note-LA_Sentinel_-_Rita_McGhee-18) 1993 Fear of a Black Hat (/wiki/Fear_of_a_Black_Hat) Costume design [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) 2001 Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(film)) Wardrobe supervisor [18] (#cite_note-LA_Sentinel_-_Rita_McGhee-18) 2002 Book of Love: The Definitive Reason Why Men Are Dogs (/wiki/Book_of_Love_(2002_film)) Costume designer [34] (#cite_note-34) 2003 Biker Boyz (/wiki/Biker_Boyz) Costume designer [20] (#cite_note-Variety_-_Biker_Boyz-20) 2004 Woman Thou Art Loosed (/wiki/Woman_Thou_Art_Loosed) Costumes [35] (#cite_note-35) 2005 King's Ransom (/wiki/King%27s_Ransom_(film)) Costume designer [36] (#cite_note-36) 2007 All About Us Costume designer Press 2009 Next Day Air (/wiki/Next_Day_Air) Costume designer [37] (#cite_note-37) 2009 My Brother's Keeper Costume designer Press 2015 Chi-Raq (/wiki/Chi-Raq) Assistant costume designer [3] (#cite_note-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Rita_McGhee-3) 2017 Michael Jackson: Searching for Neverland (/wiki/Michael_Jackson:_Searching_for_Neverland) Costume designer [26] (#cite_note-WWD_-_Rita_McGhee-26) 2018 Zombies (/wiki/Zombies_(2018_film)) Costume designer [38] (#cite_note-38) 2018 Life-Size 2 (/wiki/Life-Size_2) Costumes Press Television [ edit ] Year Title Crew role Refs [29] (#cite_note-resume-29) [31] (#cite_note-Staff_Me_Up_-_Rita_Mcghee-31) 1991-1992 In Living Color (/wiki/In_Living_Color) Costume assistant [4] (#cite_note-Philadelphia_Inquirer_-_Rita_McGhee-4) 1993-1994 Martin (/wiki/Martin_(TV_series)) Costume supervisor Press 1996 Moesha (/wiki/Moesha) Costumes [19] (#cite_note-All_Events_-_Moesha-19) 1997 Between Brothers (/wiki/Between_Brothers) Costumes [39] (#cite_note-39) 1997 Claude's Crib (/wiki/Claude%27s_Crib) Costumes Press 1999 Grown Ups (/wiki/Grown_Ups_(1999_TV_series)) Costumes Press 2000 The Lyricist Lounge Show (/wiki/The_Lyricist_Lounge_Show) Costume designer Press 2003 Eve (/wiki/Eve_(U.S._TV_series)) Costumes (pilot episode) Press 2005-2006 Cuts (/wiki/Cuts_(TV_series)) Costume designer [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) 2010 Fake It Til You Make It Costume designer [42] (#cite_note-42) 2010 Love That Girl! (/wiki/Love_That_Girl!) Costume designer Press 2011 Reed Between the Lines (/wiki/Reed_Between_the_Lines) Costume designer [43] (#cite_note-Reed_Between_The_Lines-43) [21] (#cite_note-Houston_Chronicle_-_Rita_McGhee-21) 2012 Let's Stay Together (/wiki/Let%27s_Stay_Together_(TV_series)) Costume designer [44] (#cite_note-44) 2012 Sunday Best (/wiki/Sunday_Best_(American_TV_series)) Stylist [45] (#cite_note-EEW_-_Sunday_Best-45) 2013 Second Generation Wayans (/wiki/Second_Generation_Wayans) Costume designer Press 2015 Empire (/wiki/Empire_(2015_TV_series)) Costume designer (season 1) [46] (#cite_note-46) 2016 Zoe Ever After (/wiki/Zoe_Ever_After) Costume designer [23] (#cite_note-The_Root_-_Rita_McGhee-23) 2017 The New Edition Story (/wiki/The_New_Edition_Story) Costume designer [47] (#cite_note-47) [25] (#cite_note-NYT_-_New_Edition_Story-25) 2017 The Mayor (/wiki/The_Mayor_(TV_series)) Costume designer [18] (#cite_note-LA_Sentinel_-_Rita_McGhee-18) 2018 The Bobby Brown Story Costume designer [48] (#cite_note-Kiel_Adrian_Scott_-_The_Bobby_Brown_Story-48) 2019 American Soul (/wiki/American_Soul) Costume designer [10] (#cite_note-BET_-_American_Soul-10) 2019 Loved to Death Costumes Press References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "KUAM talks with costume designer Rita McGhee" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noqJ7bPtrzA) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Kuam News (/wiki/KUAM-TV) . January 7, 2015 . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Instagram_-_Birthday_Post_2-0) "Rita McGhee" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BX9YuL_gJNa) . Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . August 18, 2017. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BX9YuL_gJNa/) on 2021-12-26 . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . I am a Black Girl that Rocks. 8.22. My Birthday. Time to Roar and Soar!! ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Martinez, Lacee A.C. (July 23, 2015). "Guam's Rita McGhee snags Emmy nomination for "Empire" (https://www.guampdn.com/story/life/2015/07/23/guams-rita-mcghee-snags-emmy-nomination-empire/30403045/) " (https://www.guampdn.com/story/life/2015/07/23/guams-rita-mcghee-snags-emmy-nomination-empire/30403045/) . Pacific Daily News (/wiki/Pacific_Daily_News) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Wellington, Elizabeth (July 2, 2015). "Mirror, Mirror: The Costume Designer Behind Cookie and the Rest" (http://www.sfltimes.com/soflo-live/mirror-mirror-the-costume-designer-behind-cookie-and-the-rest) . Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/Philadelphia_Inquirer) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Crew Call: Rita McGhee - Television Academy" (https://www.emmys.com/video/crew-call-rita-mcghee) . Emmys (/wiki/Emmy_Award) . November 24, 2015 . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-WWD_-_Costume_Designer's_Guild_6-0) Medina, Marcy (January 7, 2016). "2016 Costume Designers Guild Nominations Unveiled" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/costume-designers-guild-2016-nominations-10306036/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rolling_Out_-_Rita_McGhee_7-0) Hutson, Darralynn (/wiki/Darralynn_Hutson) (January 19, 2017). "Behind the scenes with BET's 'New Edition Story' costume designer Rita McGhee" (https://rollingout.com/2017/01/19/costume-designer-rita-mcghee/) . Rolling Out . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Koss, Andrew (October 22, 2015). "Costume Designer Rita McGhee Visits SFUAD" (http://jackalopemagazine.com/2015/10/22/costume-designer-rita-mcghee-visits/) . Jackalope Magazine . Santa Fe University of Art and Design (/wiki/Santa_Fe_University_of_Art_and_Design) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Broadway_World_-_Zombies_9-0) BWW News Desk (February 20, 2018). "Premiere of the Disney Channel Original Movie ZOMBIES Reaches 10.3 Million Viewers" (https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Premiere-of-the-Disney-Channel-Original-Movie-ZOMBIES-Reaches-103-Million-Viewers-20180220) . Broadway World (/wiki/Broadway_World) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "American Soul Exclusive: Soul Style with the Costume Designers of American Soul" (https://www.bet.com/video-clips/a2w6xa/soul-style-with-the-costume-designers-of-american-soul) . BET (/wiki/BET) . March 14, 2019 . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bennington, Vicki (August 12, 2015). "Fashion event features Emmy-nominee — 'Empire's' Rita McGhee's designs develop characters" (https://www.thetelegraph.com/features/article/Fashion-event-features-Emmy-nominee-12565417.php) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Alton,_Illinois)) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pacific_Daily_News_-_Parents_12-0) "Girl from Guam Works On New Show 'Empire' (https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/214753227/) " (https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/214753227/) . Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Pacific Daily News (/wiki/Pacific_Daily_News) . January 2, 2015 . Retrieved April 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Instagram_-_Brother_Post_13-0) "Rita McGhee" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BgeZAC8g5zk) . Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . March 18, 2018. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BgeZAC8g5zk/) on 2021-12-26 . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . Happy Birthday to my Brother Boy Troy. ^ Jump up to: a b McGhee, Rita (June 20, 2015). "Dressing Empire" (https://issuu.com/thelafashion/docs/tlafm_summer_2015_ipad/76) (Interview). Interviewed by John Skalicky. The LA Fashion Magazine . Retrieved May 3, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hello Beautiful Staff (May 10, 2016). "Costume Designer Rita McGhee Is Hollywood's Best Kept Secret For Fierce Fashion" (https://hellobeautiful.com/2871426/costume-designer-rita-mcghee-people-behind-the-people/) . Hello Beautiful . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Howard_Magazine_16-0) Surratt, Brittany A.B. (Winter 2016). "Marchlena (Marci) Rodgers: Costume Designer" (https://magazine.howard.edu/categories/alumni-profiles/marchlena-marci-rodgers-bba-’05) . Howard Magazine (/wiki/Howard_University) . Retrieved April 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Essence_-_Rita_McGhee_17-0) Smith, Celia L. (January 13, 2015). " (https://www.essence.com/fashion/empire-costume-designer-dishes-tarajis-style/) 'Empire' Costume Designer Dishes on Taraji's Style" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/empire-costume-designer-dishes-tarajis-style/) . Essence (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hutson, Darralynn (/wiki/Darralynn_Hutson) (October 5, 2017). "Inside 'The Mayor' Wardrobe Room" (https://lasentinel.net/costume-designer-rita-mcghee-heads-the-wardrobe-department-of-new-abcs-sitcom-the-mayor.html) . LA Sentinel (/wiki/LA_Sentinel) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Meet, Greet and Speak...with Rita McGhee!" (https://allevents.in/carbondale/meet-greet-and-speakwith-rita-mcghee/508646262831413) . All Events in City . Southern Illinois University Carbondale (/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale) . 2017 . Retrieved April 27, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Koehler, Robert (January 29, 2003). "Biker Boyz" (https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/biker-boyz-1200543779/) . Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) . Retrieved April 29, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Joy, Sewing (March 13, 2015). "Houstonians helped build this 'Empire' (https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/tv/article/Houstonians-helped-build-this-Empire-6132916.php) " (https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/tv/article/Houstonians-helped-build-this-Empire-6132916.php) . Houston Chronicle (/wiki/Houston_Chronicle) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-LA_Times_-_Rita_McGhee_22-0) Van Buskirk, Leslie (March 12, 2015). " (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-empire-20150315-story.html) 'Empire' costume designer Rita McGhee gets the hip-hop royalty look" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-empire-20150315-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Ford, Tanisha C. (September 19, 2015). "From Cookie's Closet to Yours: It Could Be Fast, Affordable and Fabulous" (https://www.theroot.com/from-cookie-s-closet-to-yours-it-could-be-fast-afford-1790861159) . The Root (/wiki/The_Root_(magazine)) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-WWD_-_Empire_24-0) Tran, Khanh T.L. (September 15, 2015). " (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/empire-fashion-brands-lee-daniels-10223455/) 'Empire' Builders: Fashion Brands Tap Into Hit Show" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/empire-fashion-brands-lee-daniels-10223455/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved April 28, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Caramanica, Jon (January 23, 2017). " (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/arts/television/new-edition-miniseries-bet-review.html) 'The New Edition Story': A Loving Tribute to a Talented but Tormented Group" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/arts/television/new-edition-miniseries-bet-review.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nodell, Andrew (May 23, 2017). "Michael Jackson Disguised Himself to Shop at Burlington Coat Factory" (https://wwd.com/eye/people/michael-jackson-disguised-himself-shop-burlington-coat-factory-10892733/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-WWD_-_Black_Designers_Collective_27-0) Lockwood, Lisa (February 13, 2019). "Black Design Collective Established to Help Designers Navigate Industry" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/black-design-collective-established-to-help-designers-navigate-industry-1203019274/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Costume_Designers_Guild_Membership_28-0) "Member Directory" (https://costumedesignersguild.com/member-directory/?mid=581&letter=A) . Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Costume Designer Rita McGhee" (http://www.gsktalent.com/resumes/RitaMcGhee.pdf) (PDF) . GSK Talent . Retrieved 29 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-pr_jet_30-0) "Emmy Nominated Costume Designer, Rita McGhee of the hit FOX Series 'EMPIRE' is speaking at The Koffa Design Group in PASADENA, CA" (https://pressreleasejet.com/newsreleases/2015/emmy-nominated-costume-designer-rita-mcghee-of-the-hit-fox-series-empire-is-speaking-at-the-koffa-design-group-in-pasadena-ca/) . pressreleasejet.com . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Rita McGhee Costume Designer" (https://staffmeup.com/profile/4407585-Rita-McGhee) . Staff Me Up . Retrieved May 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Fear of a Black Hat (1993) - Rusty Cundieff - Cast and Crew" (https://www.allmovie.com/movie/fear-of-a-black-hat-v131160/cast-crew) . AllMovie . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Levy, Emanuel (5 February 1993). "Fear of a Black Hat" (https://variety.com/1993/film/reviews/fear-of-a-black-hat-1200431585/) . variety.com . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Foundas, Scott (12 April 2002). "Book of Love" (https://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/book-of-love-2-1200550316/) . variety.com . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) " (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-oct-01-et-Woman1-story.html) 'Woman' bears faithful witness to a preacher's role in a troubled life" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-oct-01-et-Woman1-story.html) . 1 October 2004 . Retrieved 30 April 2019 – via LA Times. ^ (#cite_ref-36) Chang, Justin (23 April 2005). "King's Ransom" (https://variety.com/2005/film/reviews/king-s-ransom-1200526395/) . variety.com . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Chang, Justin (7 May 2009). "Next Day Air" (https://variety.com/2009/film/markets-festivals/next-day-air-1200507198/) . variety.com . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Disney's ZOMBIES Gets Even Livelier In L+7 Nielson Ratings, Digital Viewing, and Billboard Music Chart Rankings" (https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Disneys-ZOMBIES-Gets-Even-Livelier-In-L7-Nielson-Ratings-Digital-Viewing-and-Billboard-Music-Chart-Rankings-20180306) . BroadwayWorld.com . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "In Case of Emergency". Between Brothers (/wiki/Between_Brothers) . Season 1. Episode 1. ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Switch Cutter". Cuts (/wiki/Cuts_(TV_series)) . Season 1. Episode 7. ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Adult Education". Cuts (/wiki/Cuts_(TV_series)) . Season 2. Episode 20. ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Episode 1". Fake It Til You Make It . Season 1. Episode 1. ^ (#cite_ref-Reed_Between_The_Lines_43-0) "Inside Carla Reed's Closet With Tracee Ellis Ross" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110926152451/http://www.bet.com/video/reedbetweenthelines/season-1/exclusives/wtmc092711-s1.html) . BET (/wiki/BET) . Event occurs at 1:21. Archived from the original (https://www.bet.com/video/reedbetweenthelines/season-1/exclusives/wtmc092711-s1.html) on September 26, 2011 . Retrieved May 1, 2019 . Our costume designer Rita comes with her looks and her ideas. ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Let's Do It Again" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120128215059/http://www.bet.com/video/letsstaytogether/season2/fullepisodes/lets-stay-together-season-2-episode-1.html) . Let's Stay Together (/wiki/Let%27s_Stay_Together_(TV_series)) . Season 2. Episode 1. Event occurs at 20:45. BET (/wiki/BET) . Archived from the original (https://www.bet.com/video/letsstaytogether/season2/fullepisodes/lets-stay-together-season-2-episode-1.html) on January 28, 2012 . Retrieved May 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-EEW_-_Sunday_Best_45-0) Warton, Patricia (March 11, 2015). " (http://buzz.eewmagazine.com/eew-magazine-buzz-blog/2015/3/11/sunday-best-stylist-rita-mcghee-hits-a-fashion-high-note-wit.html) 'Sunday Best' Stylist Rita McGhee Hits A Fashion High Note With 'Empire' (http://buzz.eewmagazine.com/eew-magazine-buzz-blog/2015/3/11/sunday-best-stylist-rita-mcghee-hits-a-fashion-high-note-wit.html) " (http://buzz.eewmagazine.com/eew-magazine-buzz-blog/2015/3/11/sunday-best-stylist-rita-mcghee-hits-a-fashion-high-note-wit.html) . EEW Magazine News . Retrieved May 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) Donahue, Anne T. (4 February 2015). " (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/a36077/empire-costumer-rita-mcghee-interview/) "Empire" Costume Designer Rita McGhee Explains Cookie's Fur and Lucious's Scarves" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/a36077/empire-costumer-rita-mcghee-interview/) . Cosmopolitan . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Ball, Zuliesuivie (16 February 2017). "Meet the 'New Edition Story' Costume Designer, Rita McGhee" (https://www.hypefresh.co/meet-the-new-edition-story-costume-designer-rita-mcghee/) . hypefresh.co . Retrieved 30 April 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kiel_Adrian_Scott_-_The_Bobby_Brown_Story_48-0) "The Bobby Brown Story" (http://kieladrianscott.com/films/the-bobby-brown-story/) . kieladrianscott.com . Retrieved April 30, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://ritamcghee.net) Rita McGhee (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1066013/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐zcppk Cached time: 20240713015938 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.542 seconds Real time usage: 0.646 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4020/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 82113/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1707/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 186953/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.316/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7353266/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 584.497 1 -total 52.20% 305.095 1 Template:Reflist 39.25% 229.409 42 Template:Cite_web 24.20% 141.426 1 Template:Infobox_person 13.11% 76.622 1 Template:Short_description 7.93% 46.339 2 Template:Pagetype 6.96% 40.652 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 5.33% 31.153 20 Template:Main_other 5.22% 30.509 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 4.33% 25.319 1 Template:IMDb_name Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60568938-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713015938 and revision id 1234189642. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rita_McGhee&oldid=1234189642 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rita_McGhee&oldid=1234189642) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1964 births (/wiki/Category:1964_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) American costume designers (/wiki/Category:American_costume_designers) 20th-century African-American people (/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_people) 21st-century African-American people (/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_people) Guamanian women (/wiki/Category:Guamanian_women) Artists from San Francisco (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_San_Francisco) Howard University alumni (/wiki/Category:Howard_University_alumni) 20th-century African-American women (/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_women) 21st-century African-American women (/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_women) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Official website not in Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata)
Indian fashion and costume designer Sheetal Iqbal Sharma Sheetal Sharma at Ahmedabad (/wiki/Ahmedabad) in 2018 Born ( 1984-06-01 ) 1 June 1984 (age 40) Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) , India (/wiki/India) Occupation(s) Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , fashion stylist (/wiki/Fashion_stylist) Years active 2010-present Awards Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) (2019),(2023) Sheetal Iqbal Sharma (born 1 June 1984) is an Indian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_design) and costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , who works in Hindi (/wiki/Hindi_cinema) and Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_cinema) films. [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) He is known for his works in films like Miss Lovely (/wiki/Miss_Lovely) , Airlift (/wiki/Airlift) , Manto (/wiki/Manto_(2018_film)) , Judgementall Hai Kya (/wiki/Judgementall_Hai_Kya) , Gangubai Kathiawadi (/wiki/Gangubai_Kathiawadi) and Sita Ramam (/wiki/Sita_Ramam) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) He was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) in 2019 for the film Manto (2018), and was nominated for the same award for Judgementall Hai Kya (/wiki/Judgementall_Hai_Kya) (2019). Early life [ edit ] Sharma was born on 1 June 1984 in Mumbai (/wiki/Mumbai) to Iqbal Chand Sharma and Kamlesh Sharma. His father was a colonel in Indian Army (/wiki/Indian_Army) so he studied at various schools. Sharma enrolled for hotel management degree which he did not complete. He completed his Bachelor of Arts (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts) from KC College (/wiki/Kishinchand_Chellaram_College) , Mumbai. He graduated in fashion technology (/wiki/Fashion_technology) from Wigan and Leigh College (/wiki/Wigan_and_Leigh_College) , Mumbai, and received Masters in Period Costumes from London. He worked in a call center for some time. He came to notice after his work in Miss Lovely (/wiki/Miss_Lovely) (2012), directed by Ashim Ahluwalia (/wiki/Ashim_Ahluwalia) . [1] (#cite_note-:2-1) [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Filmography [ edit ] As a costume designer [ edit ] Key Denotes films that have not yet been released Year Film Notes 2011 Don 2 (/wiki/Don_2) 2012 Miss Lovely (/wiki/Miss_Lovely) Future to Bright Hai Ji (/w/index.php?title=Future_to_Bright_Hai_Ji&action=edit&redlink=1) Love You to Death (/wiki/Love_You_to_Death_(2012_film)) 2013 D-Day (/wiki/D-Day) 2014 Bobby Jasoos (/wiki/Bobby_Jasoos) 2015 Katti Batti (/wiki/Katti_Batti) Hero (/wiki/Hero_(2015_Hindi_film)) 2016 Airlift (/wiki/Airlift) 2017 Lucknow Central (/wiki/Lucknow_Central) Raees (/wiki/Raees_(2017_film)) [6] (#cite_note-Hindustan_Times_2016-6) 2018 Stree (/wiki/Stree_(2018_film)) Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India (/wiki/Naa_Peru_Surya,_Naa_Illu_India) Telugu film Manto (/wiki/Manto_(2018_film)) 2019 Bala (/wiki/Bala_(2019_film)) Jhootha Kahin Ka (/wiki/Jhootha_Kahin_Ka) Made In China (/wiki/Made_in_China_(2019_film)) Judgementall Hai Kya (/wiki/Judgementall_Hai_Kya) Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (/wiki/Ek_Ladki_Ko_Dekha_Toh_Aisa_Laga) 2020 Kesari (/wiki/Kesari_(2019_film)) Unpaused (/wiki/Unpaused) Serious Men (/wiki/Serious_Men) Hasmukh (/wiki/Hasmukh) 2021 Indoo Ki Jawani (/wiki/Indoo_Ki_Jawani) Hello Charlie (/wiki/Hello_Charlie) Sardar Ka Grandson (/wiki/Sardar_Ka_Grandson) Mimi (/wiki/Mimi_(2021_Hindi_film)) 2022 Gangubai Kathiawadi (/wiki/Gangubai_Kathiawadi) Sharmaji Namkeen (/wiki/Sharmaji_Namkeen) Dasvi (/wiki/Dasvi) Hurdang (/wiki/Hurdang) Dhaakad (/wiki/Dhaakad) Sita Ramam (/wiki/Sita_Ramam) Telugu (/wiki/Telugu_cinema) film Babli Bouncer (/wiki/Babli_Bouncer) Bhediya (/wiki/Bhediya_(film)) Govinda Naam Mera (/wiki/Govinda_Naam_Mera) 2023 Gulmohar (/wiki/Gulmohar_(2023_film)) Mrs.Chatterjee Vs Norway (/wiki/Mrs._Chatterjee_vs_Norway) Chor Nikal Ke Bhaga (/wiki/Chor_Nikal_Ke_Bhaga) Zara Hatke Zara Bachke (/wiki/Zara_Hatke_Zara_Bachke) Tiku Weds Sheru (/wiki/Tiku_Weds_Sheru) The Great Indian Family (/wiki/The_Great_Indian_Family) The Great Indian Rescue (/wiki/The_Great_Indian_Rescue) Animal (/wiki/Animal_(2023_Indian_film)) Hi Nanna (/wiki/Hi_Nanna) Telugu film 2024 Amar Singh Chamkila (/wiki/Amar_Singh_Chamkila_(film)) Stree 2 (/wiki/Stree_2) Pooja Meri Jaan Emergency (/wiki/Emergency_(2023_film)) Rainbow Telugu film Chaava Pushpa 2: The Rule (/wiki/Pushpa_2:_The_Rule) Baby John (/wiki/Baby_John_(film)) Television [ edit ] 2016 – 2017 : P.O.W. - Bandi Yuddh Ke (/wiki/P.O.W._-_Bandi_Yuddh_Ke) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) 2021 : Mumbai Diaries 26/11 (/wiki/Mumbai_Diaries_26/11) 2021 : The Empire Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Work Award Result Ref. 2019 Manto (/wiki/Manto_(2018_film)) Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Won [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) 2020 Judgementall Hai Kya (/wiki/Judgementall_Hai_Kya) Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design Nominated [7] (#cite_note-7) 2021 The Empire (/wiki/The_Empire_(web_series)) Indian Television Academy Awards (/wiki/Indian_Television_Academy_Awards) for Best Costume Design Won [8] (#cite_note-8) 2023 Gangubai Kathiawadi (/wiki/Gangubai_Kathiawadi) Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design Won References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Rathi, Vasundhara (March 2018). "How Indian fashion designers changed the Bollywood". Femina (/wiki/Femina_(India)) . pp. 34–35. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-7285 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-7285) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Digital sketching was a luxury before COVID-19, it's now a necessity, writes costume designer Sheetal Sharma" (https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/digital-sketching-was-a-luxury-before-covid-19-its-now-a-necessity-writes-costume-designer-sheetal-sharma-9147421.html) . Firstpost . 4 January 2021 . Retrieved 14 May 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rathi, Vasundhara (24 January 2017). "Dressing up the character" (https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Dressing-up-the-character/article17089912.ece) . The Hindu . Retrieved 14 May 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Malik, Ektaa (31 July 2019). "Costume designer Sheetal Sharma on creating quirky looks for Judgementall Hai Kya" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/designer-sheetal-sharma-judgementall-hai-kya-kangana-ranaut-bollywood-costume-fashion-5864966/) . The Indian Express . Retrieved 14 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dhankar, Archana (20 January 2017). "Sheetal Sharma Stylist for Raees, shares his Experience of Working With Sharukh Khan" (https://fashionforroyals.com/2017/01/shahrukh-khan-raees-look-sheetal-sharma/) . FashionForRoyals . Retrieved 15 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hindustan_Times_2016_6-0) "Shah Rukh Khan dons three different looks in Raees" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-dons-three-different-looks-in-raees/story-vqKq6lnmLleth49qhkoulL.html) . Hindustan Times . 9 December 2016 . Retrieved 15 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Best Costume Nominee" (https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations/best-costume/sheetal-sharma) . Filmfare Awards. 2020 . Retrieved 23 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Jury Top 5 – the Indian Television Academy" (https://indiantelevisionacademy.com/jury-top-5) . External links [ edit ] Sheetal Sharma (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4787489/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐fjczz Cached time: 20240721161128 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.335 seconds Real time usage: 0.445 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2316/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21574/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1950/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31904/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6076531/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 394.778 1 -total 37.06% 146.293 1 Template:Infobox_person 33.44% 132.001 1 Template:Reflist 21.32% 84.150 1 Template:Cite_magazine 16.91% 66.744 1 Template:Short_description 10.49% 41.427 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 10.21% 40.313 2 Template:Pagetype 7.73% 30.506 19 Template:Main_other 7.71% 30.418 7 Template:Cite_web 7.53% 29.731 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67664923-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721161128 and revision id 1235859108. 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Japanese menswear brand visvim Industry Retail Founded 2000 Founder Hiroki Nakamura Headquarters Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan Key people Hiroki Nakamura (Creative Director and CEO) Products Men's Apparel Website www (http://www.visvim.tv) .visvim (http://www.visvim.tv) .tv (http://www.visvim.tv) Visvim is a Japanese (/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Japan) menswear (/wiki/Menswear) brand founded by Hiroki Nakamura in 2000. The brand is headquartered in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Japan (/wiki/Japan) , and has stores in Japan and the US, and is sold internationally at luxury department stores (/wiki/Department_store) and boutiques including Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) in New York and Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) in London. In addition to the main visvim line, Nakamura designs a womenswear line called WMV, and a conceptual menswear line called F.I.L. Indigo Camping Trailer. [1] (#cite_note-four_pins-1) He also produces his own range of coffee beans called Little Cloud Coffee. Etymology [ edit ] The word “Visvim” does not have any meaning. Hiroki Nakamura has said that he liked v-lettered logos, and browsed through the “v” section of a Latin dictionary until he came upon “ vis (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vis) ” and “ vim (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vim) ” and liked how the two words looked together. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) F.I.L., the name of Visvim's flagship stores, stands for Free International Laboratory. This stems from Nakamura wanting the stores to be a working laboratory for an international brand. [4] (#cite_note-zero-4) History [ edit ] Hiroki Nakamura was born in Kofu (/wiki/Kofu) , and grew up in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) . Nakamura's parents encouraged him to study abroad. At the age of 11, Nakamura met Cody Horne, one of his classmates at the Bunka High School. Through Horne, Nakamura became interested in foreign cultures. Nakamura chose Alaska (/wiki/Alaska) , a place he had grown to love on family whale-watching, camping, and snowboarding (/wiki/Snowboarding) trips. When he grew older, he started his career at Burton Snowboards (/wiki/Burton_Snowboards) in Japan, where he worked as a designer for 8 years. [5] (#cite_note-5) After quitting his job at Burton, Nakamura founded Visvim in 2001. [6] (#cite_note-cg-6) Visvim started off as primarily a footwear brand, and later expanded into a full apparel collection. The brand has held fashion shows in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) , Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , and New York (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [1] (#cite_note-four_pins-1) It encompasses seven free-standing stores in Japan, two flagship stores in the United States, and is stocked at 135 retailers internationally. [7] (#cite_note-7) Production [ edit ] Visvim footwear and garments are constructed with a mix of traditional production techniques and modern technology. Past inspirations for Visvim products include vintage Americana (/wiki/Americana_(culture)) , Japanese Edo period (/wiki/Edo_period) garments, French workwear, Amish (/wiki/Amish) patchwork fabric, Native American (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) clothing, the Alaskan outdoors, and Finnish Sami (/wiki/Sami_people) tribe culture. [6] (#cite_note-cg-6) [8] (#cite_note-8) In addition to vintage construction and dyeing techniques, visvim also uses Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) material for waterproof jackets and replaceable Vibram (/wiki/Vibram) outsoles. [9] (#cite_note-9) Footwear [ edit ] Visvim produces the FBT, a modern interpretation of the Native American (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) moccasin (/wiki/Moccasin) but with a sneaker (/wiki/Sneakers) outsole. It was inspired by moccasins worn by Terry Hall (/wiki/Terry_Hall_(singer)) of British band Fun Boy Three (/wiki/Fun_Boy_Three) . The Visvim Christo sandal is inspired by the artist duo of the same name (/wiki/Christo) , and features a construction that wraps around the foot similar to Christo's wrapped buildings. [6] (#cite_note-cg-6) In 2008, Nakamura introduced a new line of footwear called “Folk,” which features mostly leather (/wiki/Leather) uppers and no chemical tanning. [10] (#cite_note-10) When the outsoles wear out, they can be replaced with new ones. [4] (#cite_note-zero-4) Denim [ edit ] Visvim's denim (/wiki/Denim) line is called Social Sculpture. Nakamura developed the denim "from the yarn up" and the process of breaking down the denim and building it back up again gave rise to the image of a sculpture (/wiki/Sculpture) . [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) Natural dye [ edit ] Visvim makes many products using natural dyes (/wiki/Natural_dyes) . These dyes include natural indigo (/wiki/Indigo) , Amami Ōshima (/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima) mud dye, sugme dyp dye and cochineal (/wiki/Cochineal) . [11] (#cite_note-:0-11) By using natural dye, which is a bacterium and impossible to completely control, the products feature variation and unevenness, a quality that Nakamura describes as wabi-sabi (/wiki/Wabi-sabi) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Cotton [ edit ] Some of shirts, T-shirts, and sweatshirts in the Visvim collection use Sea Island cotton ( Gossypium barbadense (/wiki/Gossypium_barbadense) ), an extra long staple cotton (/wiki/Cotton) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Notable clients [ edit ] Thundercat (/wiki/Thundercat_(musician)) , RM (/wiki/RM_(rapper)) from BTS (/wiki/BTS_(band)) , Eric Clapton (/wiki/Eric_Clapton) , John Mayer (/wiki/John_Mayer) , Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , A$AP Rocky (/wiki/A$AP_Rocky) , Mos Def (/wiki/Mos_Def) , David Duchovny (/wiki/David_Duchovny) , Schoolboy Q (/wiki/Schoolboy_Q) , Drake (/wiki/Drake_(entertainer)) , KAWS (/wiki/KAWS_(artist)) , Robert Ahearn, Edison Chen (/wiki/Edison_Chen) , and Shawn Yue (/wiki/Shawn_Yue) have worn Visvim. [14] (#cite_note-14) Eric Clapton in particular has stated that he wears nothing but Visvim and MTM (/wiki/Made-to-measure) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) . [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b four-pins.com NYFW S/S 2014 Interview with Hiroki Nakamura (http://four-pins.com/style/new-york-fashion-week-springsummer-2014-visvim-plus-an-interview-with-hiroki-nakamura/) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hiroki Nakamura (https://032c.com/hiroki-nakamura) 032c (/wiki/032c) , July 6, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Visvim Visions: The Brand Hiroki Nakamura Built (https://www.grailed.com/drycleanonly/visvim-master-class) Rocky Li, Grailed , October 10, 2017 ^ Jump up to: a b "Zero 1 Magazine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150215001759/http://zero1magazine.com/article/visvim-hiroki-nakamura/) . Archived from the original (http://zero1magazine.com/article/visvim-hiroki-nakamura/) on 2015-02-15 . Retrieved 2014-07-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) 5election.com Visvim by Hiroki Nakamura (http://www.5election.com/2011/01/22/visvim-by-hiroki-nakamura/) 2011/01/22 ^ Jump up to: a b c civilianglobal.com Hiroki Nakamura (http://civilianglobal.com/design/twenty-twenty-visvim-christo-hiroki-nakamura/) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Trebay, Guy (2016-07-08). "More Than a Cult Designer: Hiroki Nakamura Goes Big" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/08/fashion/mens-style/hiroki-nakamura-visvim-waza-menswear.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2017-04-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "In Conversation: Hiroki Nakamura from Visvim" (https://www.port-magazine.com/fashion/in-conversation-hiroki-nakamura-from-visvim/) . www.port-magazine.com . Retrieved 2020-12-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Vibram" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140727172916/http://www.vibram.com/index.php/us/LIFESTYLE/Fashion/Powered-by/Featured-Items/fas-VISVIM-Virgil) . Archived from the original (http://www.vibram.com/index.php/us/LIFESTYLE/Fashion/Powered-by/Featured-Items/fas-VISVIM-Virgil) on 2014-07-27 . Retrieved 2014-07-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kicking it with Hiroki Nakamura (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/29/for-the-moment-kicking-it-with-hiroki-nakamura/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0) New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) ^ Jump up to: a b DeLeon, Jian. "Visvim's Hiroki Nakamura On the Price of His Clothes and "Future Vintage" (https://www.gq.com/story/visvim-hiroki-nakamura-interview) " (https://www.gq.com/story/visvim-hiroki-nakamura-interview) . GQ . Retrieved 2020-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Fashion & Style Tips - Farfetch Fashion Feed" (https://www.farfetch.com/style-guide/) . www.farfetch.com . Retrieved 2020-12-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "British (https://web.archive.org/web/20141218155524/http://www.esquire.co.uk/style/fashion/1368/label-watch-visvim/) Esquire " (https://web.archive.org/web/20141218155524/http://www.esquire.co.uk/style/fashion/1368/label-watch-visvim/) . Archived from the original (http://www.esquire.co.uk/style/fashion/1368/label-watch-visvim/) on 2014-12-18 . Retrieved 2014-07-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Karizza Sanchez, Complex (/wiki/Complex_(magazine)) A Recent History of Celebrities Wearing Visvim (http://www.complex.com/style/2013/10/celebrities-wearing-visvim/) , October 10, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Zach Baron, How Clown Pants Saved My Life (https://www.gq.com/story/clown-pants-saved-my-life) GQ , March 30, 2017 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.visvim.tv) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐sczr4 Cached time: 20240623112401 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.249 seconds Real time usage: 0.355 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1621/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17940/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1024/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31717/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.146/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4888174/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 327.016 1 -total 42.23% 138.085 1 Template:Reflist 34.93% 114.223 6 Template:Cite_web 31.02% 101.442 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.17% 79.026 1 Template:Infobox 22.31% 72.951 1 Template:Short_description 13.14% 42.964 2 Template:Pagetype 9.88% 32.324 8 Template:Main_other 5.11% 16.722 1 Template:SDcat 3.82% 12.504 1 Template:Wikidata Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43371670-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623112401 and revision id 1226464931. 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English socialite Nancy Beaton Born Nancy Elizabeth Louise Hardy Beaton ( 1909-09-30 ) 30 September 1909 London (/wiki/London) , England Died 6 June 1999 (1999-06-06) (aged 89) Occupation Socialite Title Lady Smiley Spouse Sir Hugh Smiley, 3rd Baronet (/wiki/Smiley_baronets) ( m. 1933; died 1990) Parent(s) Ernest Walter Hardy Beaton Esther "Etty" Sisson Relatives Baba Beaton (/wiki/Baba_Beaton) (sister) Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) (brother) Nancy Elizabeth Louise, Lady Smiley (née Hardy Beaton ; 30 September 1909 – 6 June 1999) was an English socialite who, together with her sister, Baba Beaton (/wiki/Baba_Beaton) , was known as one of the Beaton Sisters and was included in The Book of Beauty by their brother, Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) . [1] (#cite_note-Beaton-1) Biography [ edit ] Nancy Beaton was born 30 September 1909, in London, the daughter of Ernest Walter Hardy Beaton (1867–1936), a timber merchant from Hampstead, [2] (#cite_note-The_Independent-2) and Esther "Etty" Sisson (1872–1962). Her paternal grandfather was Walter Hardy Beaton (1841–1904), founder of the family business "Beaton Brothers Timber Merchants and Agents". [3] (#cite_note-3) Cecil Beaton, and his sisters Nancy and Barbara, arriving at an Eton Nancy was one of the first models of her brother Cecil. [2] (#cite_note-The_Independent-2) Nancy Beaton was presented as a debutante at court in 1928, at the Queen Charlotte's Ball (/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_Ball) , in the presence of George V (/wiki/George_V) . She was part of a Bright Young Things (/wiki/Bright_Young_Things) ' scandal when she, Stephen Tennant (/wiki/Stephen_Tennant) , and David Plunket Greene (/wiki/David_Plunket_Greene) were thrown out from a party at the home of the Countess of Ellesmere they were crashing. [2] (#cite_note-The_Independent-2) In January 1933 she married Sir Hugh Houston Smiley, 3rd Baronet (/wiki/Smiley_baronets) (1905–1990). Constance Spry (/wiki/Constance_Spry) arranged the flowers and the wedding was a successful sociality event. [2] (#cite_note-The_Independent-2) The dresses were designed by her brother, Cecil Beaton. Baba Beaton, Margaret Whigham (/wiki/Margaret_Whigham) , Lady Bridget Poulett (/wiki/Lady_Bridget_Poulett) , and Lady Anne Wellesley (/wiki/Anne_Rhys,_7th_Duchess_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo) were among the bridesmaids. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) According to her brother Cecil Beaton in The Book of Beauty (1933): "I am enthralled at the childish intentness and gaiety of Nancy when looking for a coral tiara in a curiosity shop, by the complexion that emerges from underneath the water after she has fallen off an aquaplane board, by her dazzling blondness when, like a Gainsborough, writing her diary on a haystack." [1] (#cite_note-Beaton-1) She died on 6 June 1999. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Beaton, Cecil (1933). The Book Of Beauty . Retrieved 19 January 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Vickers, Hugo (1999). "Obituary: Nancy, Lady Smiley" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-nancy-lady-smiley-1099015.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-nancy-lady-smiley-1099015.html) from the original on 18 June 2022 . Retrieved 23 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Vickers, Hugo (1985), Cecil Beaton: The Authorised Biography , Phoenix Press ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Wedding Style from England - 28 Jan 1933, Sat • Page 17" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16801397/chicago_tribune/) . Chicago Tribune : 17. 1933 . Retrieved 23 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Miss Nancy Beaton Is Wedded to Sir Hugh Smiley at St. Margaret's, Westminster, January 18 - 04 Mar 1933, Sat • Main Edition • Page 25" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16802631/honolulu_starbulletin/) . Honolulu Star-Bulletin : 25. 1933 . Retrieved 23 January 2018 . 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[[Category:\|Castes]] NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5d694898fb‐r2j52 Cached time: 20240710094004 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31893777-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710094004 and revision id 582028402. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Pages in category "Barber castes" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . N Nai (caste) (/wiki/Nai_(caste)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Barber_castes&oldid=582028402 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Barber_castes&oldid=582028402) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Indian castes by profession (/wiki/Category:Indian_castes_by_profession)
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1998 Criminal case in UK This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Southport_Sockmen&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Southport+Sockmen&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Southport+Sockmen) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Southport_Sockmen) for suggestions. ( April 2022 ) Between approximately 1996 and 1998, Steven Bain and Steven Gawthrop, two men in Southport (/wiki/Southport) , Merseyside (/wiki/Merseyside) , England (/wiki/England) ran a scam (/wiki/Confidence_trick) to trick people into surrendering socks. They became known as the Southport Sockmen. [1] (#cite_note-Visiter-1) Bain and Gawthrop would approach people in bars and clubs in Southport and buy the socks off their feet, claiming to be collecting them for charity. [2] (#cite_note-2) They would also take photos of the socks' owners, including two policemen and a traffic warden, and carefully keep track of their names and pictures. [3] (#cite_note-3) It later emerged that the men were foot fetishists (/wiki/Foot_fetishism) and were hoarding the socks for their own sexual gratification. [4] (#cite_note-echo-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) They also paid their victims to carry out masochistic acts. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) When the men's flat was raided, the police found socks in 18-inch-deep (460 mm) piles everywhere around the residence, such that one officer commented it was "like an explosion in a sock factory". [1] (#cite_note-Visiter-1) The socks were thought to number 10,000, [7] (#cite_note-7) and later estimated at 30,000. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) In June 1998, Bain and Gawthrop were both sentenced to 18 months incarceration, and were registered as sex offenders. [4] (#cite_note-echo-4) [9] (#cite_note-9) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Whilst in prison, the pair got a job working in the prison laundry cleaning prisoners' socks. [4] (#cite_note-echo-4) [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) In popular culture [ edit ] In 2016, a 14 minute short film titled Holes in their Souls , detailing the scam, was released. [10] (#cite_note-10) The film's writer and director, Andy Smith, was one of the Sockmen's victims. [11] (#cite_note-11) The film was independently funded, with a £10,000 budget raised in 28 days. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Curious case of pair's obsession with socks" (https://www.southportvisiter.co.uk/news/nostalgia/curious-case-pairs-obsession-socks-6623691) . Southport Visiter (/wiki/Southport_Visiter) . 16 January 2009 . Retrieved 17 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Adrian, Kim (2017). Sock . Object lessons. New York London Oxford New Delhi Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 62. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5013-1508-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Cassingham, Randy (Winter 1999). "SOCK IT TO ME" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A56222260/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=7b0167a1) . Skeptic . 7 (1): 6 – via GALE. ^ Jump up to: a b c Siddle, John (13 May 2015). "Southport perverts who swindled thousands of socks from drinkers to support bizarre foot fetish inspire new film" (https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/southport-perverts-who-swindled-thousands-9250839) . Liverpool Echo (/wiki/Liverpool_Echo) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240618223602/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/southport-perverts-who-swindled-thousands-9250839) from the original on 18 June 2024 . Retrieved 29 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fetishists Hoodwink Donors" (https://www.newspaperarchive.com/ca/alberta/medicine-hat/medicine-hat-news/1996/06-04/page-34) . Medicine Hat News (/wiki/Medicine_Hat_News) . 4 June 1996. p. 34 . Retrieved 17 June 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jenkins, Russell (3 June 1998). "Fetishists collected 10,000 pairs of other men's socks; Trial" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A60005546/STND?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=0a9e3370) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . London. p. 3 – via Gale (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Lake, Howard (2 June 1998). "Fraudulent fundraising leaves a bad smell" (https://fundraising.co.uk/1998/06/02/fraudulent-fundraising-leaves-bad-smell/) . UK Fundraising . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240618223608/https://fundraising.co.uk/1998/06/02/fraudulent-fundraising-leaves-bad-smell/) from the original on 18 June 2024 . Retrieved 11 June 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Siddle, John (14 May 2015). "Foot fetish perverts who swindled 15,000 people out of their socks 'for charity' heading for silver screen" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/foot-fetish-perverts-who-swindled-5695890) . Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240618223603/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/foot-fetish-perverts-who-swindled-5695890) from the original on 18 June 2024 . Retrieved 17 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Foot fetishists who conned drinkers out of 15,000 pairs of socks remembered" (https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/bizarre-case-men-conned-socks-24418821) . Daily Record (/wiki/Daily_Record_(Scotland)) . 29 June 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240618223530/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/bizarre-case-men-conned-socks-24418821) from the original on 18 June 2024 . Retrieved 17 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Holes in their Souls (2016) - IMDb . Retrieved 25 June 2024 – via www.imdb.com. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Davies, Helen (1 November 2015). "Film about bizarre Southport Sockmen tale nears completion - Liverpool Echo" (https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/film-bizarre-southport-sockmen-tale-10367436) . www.liverpoolecho.co.uk . Retrieved 25 June 2024 . 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American socialite (1914–1995) Jerry Zipkin Born Jerome Robert Zipkin ( 1914-12-18 ) December 18, 1914 New York City, U.S. Died June 8, 1995 (1995-06-08) (aged 80) [1] (#cite_note-nemy1-1) New York City, U.S. Occupations Investor socialite Years active 1940–1995 Jerome Robert "Jerry" Zipkin (December 18, 1914 – June 8, 1995) was an American socialite. He was known for his friendship with Nancy Reagan (/wiki/Nancy_Reagan) , with whom he attended many of her social events, and for his role as a " walker (/wiki/Walker_(escort)) ," or social escort, for women at high-society events. [1] (#cite_note-nemy1-1) [2] (#cite_note-shelnman1-2) [3] (#cite_note-stein1-3) Early life [ edit ] Zipkin was born on December 18, 1914, in Manhattan to David Zipkin and Annette Goldstein. His father was a prominent New York real estate developer. Zipkin attended the Hun School of Princeton (/wiki/Hun_School_of_Princeton) and then Princeton University (/wiki/Princeton_University) , where he studied art and archaeology for two years. After leaving college he briefly moved to Florida, then returned to New York to assist his father in managing the family properties, which included the building Jerry lived in on Park Avenue. [1] (#cite_note-nemy1-1) [4] (#cite_note-allen1-4) [5] (#cite_note-landman1-5) Socialite [ edit ] Zipkin became known as a " walker (/wiki/Walker_(escort)) ," a man who would escort fashionable women to social events when their husbands were busy or did not care to accompany them. The term first appeared in Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) to describe Zipkin. Many of the women of Zipkin's acquaintance relied on his advice on fashion and styling. [1] (#cite_note-nemy1-1) Also known as "the social moth", Zipkin became a trusted confidant who would give candid advice, often pointed or acerbic. [2] (#cite_note-shelnman1-2) The title character of the 2007 movie The Walker (/wiki/The_Walker) was based on Zipkin's social life. [6] (#cite_note-ft1-6) In the 1940s, Zipkin spent time in California, and was introduced into Hollywood society, becoming acquainted with George Cukor (/wiki/George_Cukor) , Paulette Goddard (/wiki/Paulette_Goddard) , Claudette Colbert (/wiki/Claudette_Colbert) , and Somerset Maugham (/wiki/Somerset_Maugham) . In 1949, Zipkin stayed with Maugham on the French Riviera. Maugham may have used his friend as the model for the snobbish Elliott Templeton in The Razor's Edge (/wiki/The_Razor%27s_Edge) . [2] (#cite_note-shelnman1-2) In the mid 1960s, Zipkin became acquainted with Nancy (/wiki/Nancy_Reagan) and Ronald Reagan (/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) , becoming a close friend to Nancy. They continued the friendship, which intensified, when Reagan ran for president. Zipkin accompanied the Reagans to campaign events and was with them on the night Reagan won election. Women's Wear Daily modified the "social moth" epithet to "social mouth", acknowledging Zipkin's reputation as a "nebulous, bitchy, very, very pretentious and affected" man. However, Zipkin was equally regarded for ferocious loyalty to his friends. [4] (#cite_note-allen1-4) Zipkin inherited his art-filled apartment on Park Avenue from his parents. His mother continued to live there until her death in the 1970s. Zipkin died on June 8, 1995, of lung cancer. He was attended at his death by Nancy Reagan and longtime friend Stevie Kaufmann (/wiki/Stevie_Kaufmann) . [1] (#cite_note-nemy1-1) [2] (#cite_note-shelnman1-2) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Nemy, Enid (June 9, 1995). "Jerry Zipkin, Who Lunched And Listened, Is Dead at 80" (https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/09/obituaries/jerry-zipkin-who-lunched-and-listened-is-dead-at-80.html) . New York Times . Retrieved April 25, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Shelnman, Mort. "The Consummate Chum: Jerome Zipkin Dies at 80" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1141261/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved April 25, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-stein1_3-0) Stein, Danielle (August 1, 2010). "Jerry Zipkin: A Girl's Best Friend" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/jerry-zipkin) . W . Retrieved April 25, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Allen, Jennifer (November 30, 1980). "Nancy Reagan and the Flamboyant Prince Of New York Society" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/11/30/nancy-reagan-and-the-flamboyant-prince-of-new-york-society/4ed91e7c-413f-4037-a162-99aa1e53f57e/) . New York Daily News . Retrieved April 25, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-landman1_5-0) Landman, Beth (April 17, 2019). "The Last of New York City's "Walkers": "They Knew Everyone's Secrets" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/inside-last-new-york-citys-walkers-1200106) " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/inside-last-new-york-citys-walkers-1200106) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved April 25, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-ft1_6-0) " (https://www.ft.com/content/077da5ee-414f-11dc-8f37-0000779fd2ac) 'The Walker': Anthony Haden-Guest remembers Jerry Zipkin" (https://www.ft.com/content/077da5ee-414f-11dc-8f37-0000779fd2ac) . Financial Times . August 3, 2007 . Retrieved April 25, 2021 . 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French artist (1827–1892) Alfred Grévin Born ( 1827-01-28 ) 28 January 1827 Épineuil (/wiki/%C3%89pineuil) , France Died 5 May 1892 (1892-05-05) (aged 65) Saint-Mandé (/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9) , France Signature Alfred Grévin (28 January 1827 – 5 May 1892) was a 19th-century caricaturist, best known during his lifetime for his caricature silhouettes of contemporary Parisian women. He was also a sculptor, cartoonist, and designed costumes and sets for popular theater. He founded with journalist Arthur Meyer (/wiki/Arthur_Meyer_(journalist)) the Musée Grévin (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Gr%C3%A9vin) , a waxwork museum (/wiki/Waxwork_museum) . Career [ edit ] Man Bowing to a Woman , 24.13 x 20.32 cm. Walters Art Museum (/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum) Alfred Grevin was born in a house in the main street of Épineuil (/wiki/%C3%89pineuil) in 1827. He studied natural sciences and drawing at the College of Tonnerre (/wiki/Tonnerre,_Yonne) . [1] (#cite_note-tonnerre-1) His first job was as an apprentice draughtsman (/wiki/Drafter) for Paris à Lyon à la Méditerranée railways (/wiki/Chemins_de_fer_de_Paris_%C3%A0_Lyon_et_%C3%A0_la_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e) . [2] (#cite_note-grove-2) In his free time, he would draw for fun. [3] (#cite_note-Zola-3) In 1853 he moved to Paris. He put his cartooning talents at the service of the newspaper Le Gaulois (/wiki/Le_Gaulois) , then headed by Arthur Meyer (/wiki/Arthur_Meyer_(journalist)) . He then went on to work for Le Journal amusant (/wiki/Journal_amusant) and Le Charivari (/wiki/Le_Charivari) . To supplement his meager salary as a cartoonist and illustrator, he worked as a theater costume designer, and wrote plays. By 1867 he was able settle in a home in Saint-Mandé (/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9) , at 16bis rue de Berulle (https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=16+bis+rue+de+B%C3%A9rulle,+Saint-Mand%C3%A9,+France&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=57.902911,135.263672&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Rue+de+B%C3%A9rulle,+94160+Saint-Mand%C3%A9,+Val-de-Marne,+Ile-de-France,+France&ll=48.841459,2.416456&spn=0.001497,0.004128&z=19&layer=c&cbll=48.841482,2.416606&panoid=rQG7YyKbdksCkfGpMMoPsQ&cbp=12,268.08,,0,5.7) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1869 he founded l'Almanach des Parisiennes (/w/index.php?title=L%27Almanach_des_Parisiennes&action=edit&redlink=1) with Louis Adrien Huart (/w/index.php?title=Louis_Adrien_Huart&action=edit&redlink=1) , and in 1875 Grévin designed the 673 costumes for Jacques Offenbach (/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach) 's opéra-féerie (/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-f%C3%A9erie) Le voyage dans la lune (/wiki/Le_voyage_dans_la_lune_(operetta)) , and later for Charles Lecocq's (/wiki/Charles_Lecocq) opera comique The Daughter of Madame Angot (/wiki/La_fille_de_Madame_Angot) [5] (#cite_note-snappyprof-5) In 1881, Meyer had the idea, along with Alfred Grévin, to represent the personalities that made the front page of the news section as wax mannequins (/wiki/Mannequin) , which allowed visitors – in an era before photography was used in the press – to put a face to the names in the news. This was the beginning of the Musée Grévin (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Gr%C3%A9vin) , which opened its doors on 5 June 1882 and swiftly became successful. Grévin met Émile Zola (/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola) on several occasions, whom he wanted to include a portrait of in his collections. Grevin spent the final two years of his life paralyzed, and died of a sudden stroke of apoplexy in 1892 at Saint-Mandé (/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9) . [6] (#cite_note-Nation-6) A ca. 1870s caricature by Grévin which seems to express his view of the progressive downfall of women's fashions over the course of the nineteenth century so far. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-tonnerre_1-0) Les personnalités tonnerroises (http://www.tonnerrois.com/historique/personnalites.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20081112231253/http://www.tonnerrois.com/historique/personnalites.htm) 12 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-grove_2-0) Turner, Jane (2000). The Grove dictionary of art: From Monet to Cézanne : late 19th-century French artists . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press US, 2000. p. 216. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-312-22971-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-Zola_3-0) Émile Zola. "Accueil : Les Archives Émile Zola : Correspondance de Zola : Index général : Notices biographiques : Grévin" (http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/french/sable/collections/zola/correspondance/Index_g%E9n%E9ral/bios/grev.htm) . Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal . Retrieved 29 January 2010 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) Patrimoine de la ville de Saint Mandé (http://www.google.com/search?q=site:mairie-saint-mande.fr+grevin) ^ (#cite_ref-snappyprof_5-0) "snappyprof" (https://web.archive.org/web/20020306205333/http://snappyprof.com/profile/grevabs.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.snappyprof.com/profile/grevabs.html) on 6 March 2002 . Retrieved 24 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nation_6-0) "Notes" (https://books.google.com/books?id=LYzlAAAAMAAJ&q=grevin&pg=PA414) . The Nation . 54 (1405). New York, NY: The North American Review: 414. 1892. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alfred Grévin . Les Parisiennes (https://books.google.com/books?id=UBstAAAAYAAJ) , a collection of Grévin's illustrations Grévin's illustrations in Le Journal amusant (http://gallica.bnf.fr/searchInPeriodique?arkPress=cb327966940date&spe=Gr%C3%A9vin&lang=en) digital editions from Bibliothèque nationale de France (/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France) Fontaine, Jean-Pierre (2007). Alfred Grévin : De Tonnerre à Montmartre . Français: Éd. de Bourgogne, 2007. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-902650-11-8 . Personalities of Tonnerre (http://www.google.com/search?q=site:tonnerrois.com+grevin+1827) Heritage City of Saint Mandé (http://www.google.com/search?q=site:mairie-saint-mande.fr+grevin) Works by Grévin on Artchive (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193810/http://www.artchive.com/web_gallery/A/Alfred-Grevin/Alfred-Grevin-reproductions-1.html) , ArtNet (http://www.artnet.com/artist/674493/alfred-grevin.html) , Original Art (http://www.original-art.fr/GREVIN_Alfred_20.html) , Christie's Art (http://artist.christies.com/Grevin-Alfred-1827-1892-24920.aspx) , Liveauctioneers (http://www.liveauctioneers.com/search?q=alfred+grevin&&sort=relevance&dtype=gallery&type=complete&rows=20) , Great Caricatures (http://greatcaricatures.com/caric_shop/ab2/ab2_pjpr.html) Alfred Grévin (https://web.archive.org/web/20210117002212/http://frenchsculpture.org/en/artist/grevin-alfred) in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/66548434) 2 (https://viaf.org/viaf/196313994) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12387191q) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12387191q) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/119322587) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93088474) Australia (https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36020550) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/33740) ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500007250) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119322587.html?language=en) Trove (https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1188999) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67t1z07) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐m4lns Cached time: 20240720194652 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.446 seconds Real time usage: 0.620 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2298/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27365/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2425/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 14/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25653/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.290/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6273340/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 575.192 1 -total 31.63% 181.952 1 Template:Infobox_person 17.47% 100.466 1 Template:ACArt 15.13% 87.039 2 Template:Cite_book 13.45% 77.362 1 Template:Short_description 11.78% 67.743 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.77% 44.686 1 Template:Birth_date 7.48% 43.051 2 Template:Pagetype 6.17% 35.497 18 Template:Main_other 5.52% 31.737 1 Template:Commons Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:25961036-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720194652 and revision id 1181085848. 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Hairstyle created by tying threads around hair Chika Lann (/wiki/Chika_Lann) in threaded hairstyle African hair threading [1] (#cite_note-1) (also known as hair threading/ threading, isi owu , [2] (#cite_note-2) Akweley Waabii , [3] (#cite_note-3) Nywele [4] (#cite_note-4) ) is a traditional hairstyling (/wiki/Hairstyling) technique deeply rooted in African culture (/wiki/African_culture) . It is cherished for its versatility, beauty, and cultural significance. This age-old practice involves intricately wrapping or braiding the natural hair with threads (/wiki/Thread_(yarn)) , often made of wool (/wiki/Wool) , cotton (/wiki/Cotton) , or Nylon (/wiki/Nylon) threads creating striking and elaborate patterns. [5] (#cite_note-5) Hair threading is a meticulous art form, passed down through generations, showcasing the richness of African hairstyling artistry within various African communities. Origins [ edit ] Hair threading remains a prevalent and cherished traditional hairstyle within many sub-Saharan African (/wiki/Sub-Saharan_African) societies, particularly prevalent in the cultures of Western (/wiki/West_Africa) and Central Africa (/wiki/Central_Africa) . This age-old practice of African hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) threading has deep roots in the cultural heritage of diverse African communities, tracing its origins back centuries. Its enduring presence can be dated to as early as the 15th century, serving as a time-honored method that promotes length retention and nurtures the health of natural hair. [6] (#cite_note-6) Process [ edit ] The process begins by sectioning the hair, then wrapping each section with threads (/wiki/Thread_(yarn)) and tightly securing the hair in place. [7] (#cite_note-7) Not only does this technique serve as a protective style, safeguarding hair from breakage and promoting healthy growth, but it also allows for creativity and expression, with diverse patterns and designs reflecting cultural symbolism, personal identity, or celebratory occasions. African hair threading fosters a strong sense of community and tradition, with women often bonding over shared experiences during the intricate threading process, transmitting cultural heritage from one generation to the next. Moreover, beyond its aesthetic appeal, hair threading serves as a cultural marker, embodying heritage, pride, and a celebration of African identity. Variations and Styles [ edit ] A Ghanaian (/wiki/Ghanaian) woman in an african hair threading hairstyle known as 'Adonko Hair Style' or 'Watchman's Wife.' There are many variations and styles in African hair threading, depending on the types and patterns as well as the shape, size, and direction of the sections of hair. [8] (#cite_note-8) Some of the common styles are: Corkscrew : This style involves wrapping the thread around the hair in a spiral motion, creating long, springy sections that resemble corkscrews. [9] (#cite_note-9) Flat twists [10] (#cite_note-10) Different colors of threads can be used in creating contrast or to highlight patterns in hair threading. [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Waves (hairstyle) (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) Box braids (/wiki/Box_braids) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mensah, Charlotte (29 October 2020). Good Hair: The Essential Guide to Afro, Textured and Curly Hair . Penguin UK. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-241-98817-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dazed (12 May 2020). "Is a traditional African hairstyle really a 'coronavirus trend'?" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/beauty/article/49196/1/coronavirus-hair-trend-africa-isi-owu-kenya-hairstyle-african-threading-braids) . Dazed . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Naa Oyoo Quartey" (https://ganyobi1.rssing.com/chan-61079042/all_p1.html) . ganyobi1.rssing.com . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) HQ, CIAFE (9 December 2022). "Understanding African Hair Threading - Explainer" (https://www.ciafe.org/post/ciafe-explainer-african-hair-threading) . CIAFE . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Akorli, Rudith (2014). "Reveal" (https://www.academia.edu/12265517) . Rochester Institute of Technology – via Academia.edu (/wiki/Academia.edu) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Livara (7 February 2023). "Black History Month: The Rich History of Our African Hair - Livara Natural Organics" (https://mylivara.com/black-history-month-the-rich-history-of-our-african-hair/) . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "AFRICAN THREADING: Heatless Natural Hair Blow-out" (https://www.organicbeautyusa.com/blogs/a-curly-girls-fantasy/african-threading-heatless-natural-hair-blow-out) . Organic Beauty Essence . Retrieved 30 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) MENSAH, CHARLOTTE (February 2019). "Celebrating The Art Form Of African Hair Threading" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/2018/02/190254/african-hair-threading-shoot-charlotte-mensah) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 24 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Best Type Of Thread To Use For African Hair Threading In 2024 \| This Is BEAUTY MART" (https://thisisbeautymart.com/best-type-of-thread-to-use-for-african-hair-threading/) . 13 October 2023 . Retrieved 24 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "African Threading for Hair Growth, Benefits and Uses" (https://naturalandproud.com/african-threading-hair-growth/) . Black Natural and Proud Sistas . 9 January 2020 . Retrieved 24 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Dugger, Medina. "Chroma: An Ode to J.D. 'Okhai Ojeikere - Photographs and text by Medina Dugger" (https://www.lensculture.com/articles/medina-dugger-chroma-an-ode-to-j-d-okhai-ojeikere) . LensCulture . Retrieved 24 January 2024 . v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) Businessman cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Butterfly haircut (/wiki/Butterfly_haircut) Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Comb over (/wiki/Comb_over) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Croydon facelift (/wiki/Croydon_facelift) Curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) Czupryna (/wiki/Czupryna) Devilock (/wiki/Devilock) Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) Extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) Fauxhawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Feathered hair (/wiki/Feathered_hair) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) French twist (/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)) Fringe (/wiki/Fringe_(hair)) Frosted tips (/wiki/Frosted_tips) Hair crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) High and tight (/wiki/High_and_tight) Hime cut (/wiki/Hime_cut) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) Hi-top fade (/wiki/Hi-top_fade) Induction cut (/wiki/Induction_cut) Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut (/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)) Japanese women (/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women) Jewfro (/wiki/Jewfro) Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) Kiss curl (/wiki/Kiss_curl) Laid edges (/wiki/Laid_edges) Layered hair (/wiki/Layered_hair) Liberty spikes (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) Lob cut (/wiki/Lob_(haircut)) Lovelock (/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) Mod cut (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Mullet (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) 1950s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s) 1980s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s) Pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) Part (/wiki/Part_(haircut)) Payot (/wiki/Payot) Pigtail 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Waves (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) Widow's peak (/wiki/Widow%27s_peak) Wings (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Facial hair (/wiki/Facial_hair) ( list (/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles) ) Beard (/wiki/Beard) Chinstrap (/wiki/Chinstrap_beard) Goatee (/wiki/Goatee) Ned Kelly (/wiki/Ned_Kelly_beard) Shenandoah (/wiki/Shenandoah_(beard)) Soul patch (/wiki/Soul_patch) Van Dyke (/wiki/Van_Dyke_beard) Moustache (/wiki/Moustache) Fu Manchu (/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache) handlebar (/wiki/Handlebar_moustache) horseshoe (/wiki/Horseshoe_moustache) pencil (/wiki/Pencil_moustache) toothbrush (/wiki/Toothbrush_moustache) walrus (/wiki/Walrus_moustache) Designer stubble (/wiki/Designer_stubble) Sideburns (/wiki/Sideburns) Hair subtraction cosmetic Removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) waxing (/wiki/Waxing) threading (/wiki/Threading_(epilation)) plucking (/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)) chemical (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) electric (/wiki/Electrology) laser (/wiki/Laser_hair_removal) IPL (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) Shaving 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This is a maintenance (/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance) category (/wiki/Help:Category) , used for maintenance of the Wikipedia project (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-article_and_maintenance_categories) . It is not part of the encyclopedia and contains non-article pages (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F) , or groups articles by status rather than subject. Do not include this category in content categories. For more information, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐vznfw Cached time: 20240719214430 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.098 seconds Real time usage: 0.120 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 163/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2564/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 37/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2636/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.059/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 687564/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 105.170 1 -total 84.35% 88.716 1 Template:Wikipedia_category 75.88% 79.799 1 Template:Cmbox 15.56% 16.369 1 Template:Cat_more 12.33% 12.965 1 Template:Hatnote 3.86% 4.058 1 Template:Single_namespace 2.89% 3.041 5 Template:Yesno 1.83% 1.920 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10103984-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719214430 and revision id 679176822. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. * WikiProject Fashion articles (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Fashion_articles) ‎ (5 C) A Fashion articles needing attention (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_needing_attention) ‎ (4 C, 35 P) P WikiProject Fashion participants (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Fashion_participants) ‎ (66 P) R WikiProject Retailing (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Retailing) ‎ (4 C, 6 P) T Top Model task force (/wiki/Category:Top_Model_task_force) ‎ (7 C, 1 P) Pages in category "WikiProject Fashion" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Template:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Fashion) A Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion/Article alerts (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Article_alerts) Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion/Assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Assessment) D Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Fashion) F Portal:Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) S Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion in The Signpost (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion_in_The_Signpost) User:Skysmith/Missing topics about Fashion (/wiki/User:Skysmith/Missing_topics_about_Fashion) T Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion/Templates (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Templates) W Template:WPFashion (/wiki/Template:WPFashion) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:WikiProject_Fashion&oldid=679176822 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:WikiProject_Fashion&oldid=679176822) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Media WikiProjects (/wiki/Category:Media_WikiProjects)
British cosmetics company This article relies excessively on references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) to primary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources) . Find sources: "Cyclax" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cyclax%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cyclax%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cyclax%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cyclax%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cyclax%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cyclax%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Cyclax is a British cosmetics company. It was established at the end of the nineteenth century. In the UK the only older cosmetic company is Yardley (/wiki/Yardley_of_London) . History [ edit ] The Cyclax Company was founded in 1896 by Mrs Hemming (real name Frances (Fanny) Forsythe née Hamilton [1872-1934]) in a converted front room of a house at 58 South Molton Street, London, to provide beauty treatments. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 1902, Cyclax began to sell cosmetics generally and by 1910 there were over 40 preparations in the Cyclax range including skin care products, hair care products, face powders, eye lotions, lip lotions and soap. [2] (#cite_note-2) In the period before the First World War, Cyclax products went on sale in Europe and across parts of the British Empire. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Expansion [ edit ] In 1919 Frances Forsythe's son, Gery Hamilton Forsythe [1896-1964], returned from the United States to help with the business and he eventually assumed control of the company. He established separate companies and local manufacturing in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States in the 1930s. [4] (#cite_note-Marchant-4) Cyclax salons were also established in various parts of the world maintained by Cyclax trained staff some of whom travelled to London to become international Cyclax representatives. Wartime [ edit ] The Second World War presented some problems for Cyclax. Although the business at South Molton Street survived, the factory at Tottenham Court Road was destroyed during the London Blitz (/wiki/London_Blitz) and temporary facilities had to be used until the new factory was established in Harlow New Town, Essex in 1953. Cyclax made a number of contributions to the war effort including a burn treatment and a camouflage cream. In 1939 they also released a lipstick shade named 'Auxiliary Red' that was specifically designed for service women. [5] (#cite_note-5) It has been suggested that this lipstick started the trend for the use of bright red lipsticks during the war. Postwar period [ edit ] This was a difficult time for Cyclax, as it was for many British cosmetic companies who faced heavy taxation and increased competition from American firms like Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) and Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) . One prominent supporter of Cyclax during this period was Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) . She used a Cyclax consultant, Thelma Besant , as her Cosmetician and Beauty Adviser both before and after she was crowned. [6] (#cite_note-6) Thelma advised the Queen on skin care and cosmetics for the coronation and the numerous royal tours in the early part of her reign. A Royal Warrant of Appointment (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) was issued to Cyclax in 1961. [4] (#cite_note-Marchant-4) Acquisition [ edit ] Cyclax was a family owned business until it was bought by the American merchant bankers Lehman Brothers, Inc. in 1970 on behalf of a group of private investors. They closed the salon in South Molton Street, streamlined the product line and repackaged it. [7] (#cite_note-7) Through the 1970s and 1980s the company passed through numerous owners including British American Tobacco and SmithKIine Beecham. It was sold by Richards & Appleby Ltd. [4] (#cite_note-Marchant-4) in October 2018 to Three Pears Ltd who plan to rejuvenate the brand. The current product range is largely based on the use of natural ingredients and will be 100% manufactured in the UK. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The House of Cyclax. Achievements of a modern pioneer". SPC. Soap, Perfumery & Cosmetics . London: London Trade Press Ltd.: 882 October 1964. ^ (#cite_ref-2) The Cyclax Company (1908). The cultivation and preservation of natural beauty . London: The Cyclax Company. ^ Jump up to: a b "Cyclax \| EST. 1896" (https://www.cyclax.co.uk/) . Retrieved 2023-10-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Marchant Smith, Mary (December 1971). "Cyclax in the fourth dimension". SPC: Soap, Perfumery & Cosmetics . London: London Trade Press Ltd.: 795–796. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cosmetics and Skin. "Cyclax" (http://www.cosmeticsandskin.com/companies/cyclax.php) . Retrieved 21 February 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Elizabeth will wear little makeup but this must last for many hours". St Petersburg Times . 2 June 1953. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The Forsythe Saga". The Times . 5 October 1953. External links [ edit ] The Royal Purveyors: Cyclax (https://web.archive.org/web/20140706033919/http://www.theroyalpurveyors.com/2009/12/cosmetics-cyclax/) Private Label Lipstick (https://nakocos.com/private-label-lipstick/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐lfxt2 Cached time: 20240714040407 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.238 seconds Real time usage: 0.523 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 581/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17281/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 420/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26089/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.160/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4730834/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 499.115 1 -total 57.18% 285.416 1 Template:Short_description 45.29% 226.063 2 Template:Pagetype 25.47% 127.113 1 Template:Reflist 17.51% 87.417 2 Template:Cite_journal 16.07% 80.232 1 Template:Primary_sources 14.86% 74.180 1 Template:Ambox 5.08% 25.372 3 Template:Main_other 4.53% 22.600 1 Template:SDcat 3.29% 16.430 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38590533-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714040407 and revision id 1178826823. 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National Fashion Design Award Premio Nacional de Diseño de Moda Sponsored by Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) Country Spain Reward(s) €30,000 First awarded 2009 Website http://www.mecd.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/presentacion.html (http://www.mecd.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/presentacion.html) The National Fashion Design Award (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Diseño de Moda ) is one of Spain's annual National Awards awarded by the Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Established in 2009, it recognizes and rewards the work of the entirety of an individual's professional life, or outstanding contributions in the fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) field. It is endowed with a monetary prize of 30,000 euros. [1] (#cite_note-1) Candidates for the award are presented by the members of a jury, or by entities related to the fashion design activities, through reasoned proposals addressed to the Ministry of Culture or to the jurors themselves. Laureates [ edit ] Year Image Laureate Ref 2009 Manuel Pertegaz (/wiki/Manuel_Pertegaz) [2] (#cite_note-2) 2010 Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) [3] (#cite_note-3) 2011 Elio Berhanyer (/wiki/Elio_Berhanyer) [4] (#cite_note-4) 2012 Manolo Blahnik (/wiki/Manolo_Blahnik) [5] (#cite_note-5) 2013 Amaya Arzuaga (/wiki/Amaya_Arzuaga) [6] (#cite_note-6) 2014 Josep Font (/w/index.php?title=Josep_Font_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep_Font_(dise%C3%B1ador)) ] [7] (#cite_note-7) 2015 Sybilla (/w/index.php?title=Sybilla_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybilla) ] [8] (#cite_note-8) 2016 David Delfín (/w/index.php?title=David_Delf%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Delf%C3%ADn) ] [9] (#cite_note-9) 2017 Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada (/wiki/%C3%81gatha_Ruiz_de_la_Prada) [10] (#cite_note-10) 2018 Miguel Adrover (/wiki/Miguel_Adrover) [11] (#cite_note-11) 2019 Adolfo Domínguez (/wiki/Adolfo_Dom%C3%ADnguez) [12] (#cite_note-12) 2020 Ana Locking (/wiki/Ana_Locking) [13] (#cite_note-13) 2021 Antonio Alvarado (/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Alvarado&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Alvarado) ] [14] (#cite_note-14) 2022 Ángel Schlesser (/w/index.php?title=%C3%81ngel_Schlesser&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Schlesser) ] [15] (#cite_note-15) 2023 Teresa Helbig (/w/index.php?title=Teresa_Helbig&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_Helbig) ] [16] (#cite_note-16) 2024 Palomo Spain (/w/index.php?title=Alejandro_G%C3%B3mez_Palomo&action=edit&redlink=1) [ es (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_G%C3%B3mez_Palomo) ] [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/industriasculturales/premios/premio-nacional-diseno-moda/presentacion.html) . Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Manuel Pertegaz, 2009 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/premiodmoda2009.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Paco Rabanne, 2010 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/premiodmoda2010.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Elio Berhanyer, 2011 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/premiodmoda2011.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Manolo Blahnik, 2012 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/premiodmoda2012.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Amaya Arzuaga, 2013 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/premiodmoda2013.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Josep Font, 2014 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/premiodmoda2014.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Sybilla, 2015 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/premiodmoda2015.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "David Delfín, 2016 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/pndm2016.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada, 2017 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/pndm2017.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Miguel Adrover, 2018 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/pndm2018.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Adolfo Domínguez, 2019 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/pndm2019.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Ana Locking, 2020 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/pndm2020.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Antonio Alvarado, 2021 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/cultura/areas/promociondelarte/mc/premiosbbaa/pn-diseno-moda/pndm/premiados/pndm2021.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Order CUD/740/2022, 8 July, for which is awarded the 2022 National Fashion Design Award" (https://boe.es/boe/dias/2022/08/01/pdfs/BOE-A-2022-12910.pdf) (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado) (in Spanish). 1 August 2022 . Retrieved 23 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Teresa Helbig, 2023 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.culturaydeporte.gob.es/actualidad/2023/06/230606-teresa-helbig-pn-moda.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . 6 June 2023 . Retrieved 13 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) " (https://www.cultura.gob.es/en/actualidad/2024/07/240709-pn-moda.html) "Palomo Spain, 2024 National Fashion Design Award" (https://www.cultura.gob.es/en/actualidad/2024/07/240709-pn-moda.html) (in Spanish). Ministry of Culture (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)) . 9 July 2024. v t e National Fashion Design Award (Spain) 2000s 2009: Manuel Pertegaz (/wiki/Manuel_Pertegaz) 2010s 2010: Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) 2011: Elio Berhanyer (/wiki/Elio_Berhanyer) 2012: Manolo Blahnik (/wiki/Manolo_Blahnik) 2013: Amaya Arzuaga (/wiki/Amaya_Arzuaga) 2014: Josep Font 2015: Sybilla 2016: David Delfín 2017: Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada (/wiki/%C3%81gatha_Ruiz_de_la_Prada) 2018: Miguel Adrover (/wiki/Miguel_Adrover) 2019: Adolfo Domínguez (/wiki/Adolfo_Dom%C3%ADnguez) 2020s 2020: Ana Locking (/wiki/Ana_Locking) 2021: Antonio Alvarado 2022: Ángel Schlesser 2023: Teresa Helbig 2024: Palomo Spain NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐pb7qs Cached time: 20240712213816 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.503 seconds Real time usage: 0.633 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2359/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 47963/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1084/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.352/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19683834/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 584.833 1 -total 29.61% 173.143 1 Template:Reflist 24.05% 140.649 14 Template:Cite_web 16.34% 95.549 1 Template:Lang-es 14.38% 84.074 1 Template:National_Fashion_Design_Award_(Spain) 14.07% 82.298 1 Template:Navbox 14.07% 82.284 1 Template:Short_description 13.60% 79.512 1 Template:Infobox_award 11.89% 69.517 1 Template:Infobox 7.73% 45.186 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72320660-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712213816 and revision id 1233594730. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cosmetics businesspeople by country (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_businesspeople_by_country) . This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐t7btf Cached time: 20240722162443 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.092 seconds Real time usage: 0.140 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 207/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4382/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 687/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3512/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.060/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1279037/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 129.908 1 -total 68.92% 89.533 1 Template:Commonscat 66.32% 86.155 1 Template:Sister_project 64.96% 84.383 1 Template:Side_box 30.99% 40.255 1 Template:Container 24.99% 32.468 1 Template:Cmbox 9.81% 12.741 1 Template:Preview_warning 4.38% 5.693 2 Template:Replace 3.07% 3.987 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.54% 1.999 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38143526-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722162443 and revision id 1144234330. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. A American cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_cosmetics_businesspeople) ‎ (120 P) B British cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:British_cosmetics_businesspeople) ‎ (14 P) F French cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:French_cosmetics_businesspeople) ‎ (17 P) J Japanese cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Japanese_cosmetics_businesspeople) ‎ (2 P) N Nigerian cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_cosmetics_businesspeople) ‎ (9 P) Pages in category "Cosmetics businesspeople by nationality" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . J Chandimal Jayasinghe (/wiki/Chandimal_Jayasinghe) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_businesspeople_by_nationality&oldid=1144234330 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_businesspeople_by_nationality&oldid=1144234330) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_businesspeople) Businesspeople by industry and nationality (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_by_industry_and_nationality) Hidden categories: Commons category link is locally defined (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined) Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
Thai drag performer Année Maywong Born Thanisorn Hengsoontorn Nationality Thai Television Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) ( season 1 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_1)) ) Année Maywong is the stage name of Thanisorn Hengsoontorn , [1] (#cite_note-1) a Thai drag (/wiki/Drag_(entertainment)) performer and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) who competed on season 1 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_1)) of Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Année Maywong was a runner-up on season 1 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_1)) of Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She competed at the age of 30. [4] (#cite_note-4) According to Lifestyle Asia , she is also a coach at Muse by Metinee, "a school specialising in the modeling and the entertainment industry." [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) She has performed at the House of Heals, [6] (#cite_note-6) and appears in the music video (/wiki/Music_video) for " Got Me Started (/wiki/Got_Me_Started) " (2023) by Troye Sivan (/wiki/Troye_Sivan) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Hengsoontorn is based in Bangkok. [7] (#cite_note-7) Outside of drag, he is a government worker. [8] (#cite_note-8) Filmography [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) ( season 1 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_(season_1)) ) Music videos [ edit ] " Got Me Started (/wiki/Got_Me_Started) " (2023) by Troye Sivan (/wiki/Troye_Sivan) See also [ edit ] List of drag queens (/wiki/List_of_drag_queens) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Thai drag queens hope new TV show brings LGBT acceptance" (https://uk.news.yahoo.com/thai-drag-queens-hope-tv-show-brings-lgbt-003717678.html) . Yahoo News . 2018-03-26. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180326060321/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/thai-drag-queens-hope-tv-show-brings-lgbt-003717678.html) from the original on 2018-03-26 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sashay Into the World of These Must-follow Thai Drag Queens" (https://thebeat.asia/bangkok/vibe/artists/sashay-into-the-spectacular-world-of-these-must-follow-thai-drag-queens) . The Beat Bangkok . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231206050225/https://thebeat.asia/bangkok/vibe/artists/sashay-into-the-spectacular-world-of-these-must-follow-thai-drag-queens) from the original on 2023-12-06 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The RuPaul's Drag Race spin-off you probably haven't seen" (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-43680869) . 2018-04-07. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210912194252/https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-43680869) from the original on 2021-09-12 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Damshenas, Sam (2018-01-24). "Drag Race Thailand releases first trailer - watch here!" (https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/drag-race-thailand-releases-first-trailer-watch-here/) . GAY TIMES . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220815164248/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/drag-race-thailand-releases-first-trailer-watch-here/) from the original on 2022-08-15 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Who are the Thai drag queens in Troye Sivan's 'Got Me Started' music video?" (https://www.lifestyleasia.com/bk/culture/music/the-thai-drag-queens-in-troye-sivans-got-me-started-music-video/) . Lifestyle Asia Bangkok . 2023-09-23. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240301150817/https://www.lifestyleasia.com/bk/culture/music/the-thai-drag-queens-in-troye-sivans-got-me-started-music-video/) from the original on 2024-03-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "A (drag) star is (re)born" (https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/social-and-lifestyle/1958179/a-drag-star-is-re-born) . Bangkok Post . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240301150822/https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/social-and-lifestyle/1958179/a-drag-star-is-re-born) from the original on 2024-03-01 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://www.logotv.com/news/pk220s/drag-race-thailand-episode-1) "Drag Race Thailand" Might Have Served The Most Show-Stopping Look Ever" (https://www.logotv.com/news/pk220s/drag-race-thailand-episode-1) . www.logotv.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20221209230242/https://www.logotv.com/news/pk220s/drag-race-thailand-episode-1) from the original on 2022-12-09 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "11 Thai drag queens you need to know if you love Pangina Heals" (https://www.timeout.com/bangkok/lgbtq/thai-drag-queens-you-need-to-know) . Time Out Bangkok . 2022-03-11. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230607122731/https://www.timeout.com/bangkok/lgbtq/thai-drag-queens-you-need-to-know) from the original on 2023-06-07 . Retrieved 2024-03-01 . v t e Drag Race Thailand (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand) Seasons 1 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Drag_Race_Thailand_season_2) Contestants Winners Natalia Pliacam (/wiki/Natalia_Pliacam) Angele Anang (/wiki/Angele_Anang) Année Maywong Bandit (/wiki/Bandit_(drag_queen)) Genie (/wiki/Genie_(drag_queen)) Miss Gimhuay (/wiki/Miss_Gimhuay) Mocha Diva (/wiki/Mocha_Diva) Vanda Miss Joaquim (/wiki/Vanda_Miss_Joaquim_(drag_queen)) Related Episodes (/wiki/List_of_Drag_Race_Thailand_episodes) This Thai biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Line of shoes by Adidas Adidas Forum Type Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Inventor Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Inception 1984 ; 40 years ago ( 1984 ) Manufacturer Adidas Available Yes Website adidas.com (https://www.adidas.com/us/originals-forum) Adidas Forum is a line of shoes released by Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) in 1984. The shoe was originally released as a basketball shoe and was the first shoe by the company to be offered in a low model. [1] (#cite_note-1) Overview [ edit ] Adidas Forum in a high and low top Work on creating the shoe first started in 1983 when French designer Jacques Chassaing decided to create a basketball shoe with input from professional players. He and a team went out and asked various players what they wanted to see in a basketball shoe so they could design the best shoe to play in. This eventually led to the creation of the "criss-cross ankle system" which was used to stabilize the players' feet while in the shoe. [2] (#cite_note-2) Michael Jordan wearing a blue and white pair of the Adidas Forum The popularity of the shoe was seen with various professional basketball players wearing the shoes in games. Most notable being Michael Jordan who, before signing with Nike, wore these pair while participating in the 1984 Olympics as he was an avid fan of the Adidas brand. [3] (#cite_note-3) The popularity of the shoe went beyond the sport with skaters using the shoe thanks in part to its good traction and stabilization that it offered and many in the streetwear scene due in part to its unique silhouette. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2020, Adidas decided to relaunch the shoe as part of its Adidas Originals (/wiki/Adidas_Originals) and saw massive success from the release. The popularity has led to a collaboration with Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) on the sneakers. [5] (#cite_note-5) Models [ edit ] Forum CL [ edit ] The Forum CL is a special version of the shoe that comes without the straps. Released due to the popularity of people making custom versions with the strap cut off. Forum ADV [ edit ] The Forum also got a special skateboarding version with a stronger upper made out of leather and suede in addition to better materials for durability. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The History of the adidas Forum" (https://www.shoepalace.com/blogs/all/the-history-of-the-adidas-forum) . Shoe Palace . 2023-01-11 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "THE STORY OF THE ADIDAS FORUM" (https://huntingforkicks.com/features/the-story-of-the-adidas-forum/) . HUNTING FOR KICKS . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "A guide to the Adidas Forum, the basketball sneakers Michael Jordan loved first" (https://www.lifestyleasia.com/sg/style/fashion/adidas-forum-basketball-sneakers-guide-michael-jordan/) . LIFESTYLE ASIA . 2021-12-09 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "A Full History of the adidas Forum" (https://www.hibbett.com/blog-expert-advice/a-full-history-of-the-adidas-forum.html) . Hibbett . 2021-07-13 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Bad Bunny's Next Adidas Forum Collab Drops This Week" (https://www.complex.com/sneakers/a/cmplxvictor-deng/bad-bunny-adidas-forum-buckle-low-blue-release-date) . Complex . 2022-08-24 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.adidas.com/us/originals-forum) v t e Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Subsidiaries Current Adidas Runtastic (/wiki/Adidas_Runtastic) Former Adams (/wiki/Adams_Golf) Ashworth (/wiki/Ashworth_(clothing)) CCM (/wiki/CCM_(ice_hockey)) Maxfli (/wiki/Maxfli) miCoach (/wiki/Adidas_miCoach) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) Rockport (/wiki/Rockport_(company)) Salomon (/wiki/Salomon_Group) TaylorMade (/wiki/TaylorMade) Brands Adicolor (/wiki/Adicolor) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Adidas Originals (/wiki/Adidas_Originals) Adidas Parley (/wiki/Adidas_Parley) Y-3 (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) Yeezy (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) Products Sneakers Adidas 1 (/wiki/Adidas_1) Boost (material) (/wiki/Boost_(material)) Campus (/wiki/Adidas_Campus) Forum Gazelle (/wiki/Adidas_Gazelle) NMD (/wiki/Adidas_NMD) Samba (/wiki/Adidas_Samba) Spezial (/wiki/Adidas_Handball_Spezial) Stan Smith (/wiki/Adidas_Stan_Smith) Superstar (/wiki/Adidas_Superstar) Top Ten (/wiki/Adidas_Top_Ten) Ultraboost (/wiki/Adidas_Ultraboost) Balls Al Rihla (/wiki/Adidas_Al_Rihla) Argentum (/wiki/Adidas_Argentum) Azteca (/wiki/Adidas_Azteca) Beau Jeu (/wiki/Adidas_Beau_Jeu) Brazuca (/wiki/Adidas_Brazuca) Conext (/wiki/Adidas_Conext) Etrusco (/wiki/Adidas_Etrusco_Unico) Europass (/wiki/Adidas_Europass) Fevernova (/wiki/Adidas_Fevernova) Finale (/wiki/Adidas_Finale) Jabulani (/wiki/Adidas_Jabulani) Nativo (/wiki/Adidas_Nativo) Pelias (/wiki/Adidas_Pelias) Prime (/wiki/Adidas_Prime) Questra (/wiki/Adidas_Questra) Roteiro (/wiki/Adidas_Roteiro) Tango (/wiki/Adidas_Tango) Tango 12 (/wiki/Adidas_Tango_12) Tango España (/wiki/Adidas_Tango_Espa%C3%B1a) Teamgeist (/wiki/Adidas_Teamgeist) Telstar (/wiki/Adidas_Telstar) Telstar 18 (/wiki/Adidas_Telstar_18) Torfabrik (/wiki/Adidas_Torfabrik) Tricolore (/wiki/Adidas_Tricolore) Uniforia (/wiki/Adidas_Uniforia) Football boots AdiPure (/wiki/AdiPure) Copa Mundial (/wiki/Adidas_Copa_Mundial) Nemeziz (/wiki/Adidas_Nemeziz) Predator (/wiki/Adidas_Predator) People Adolf Dassler (/wiki/Adolf_Dassler) Horst Dassler (/wiki/Horst_Dassler) Rudolf Dassler (/wiki/Rudolf_Dassler) Bjorn Gulden (/w/index.php?title=Bjorn_Gulden&action=edit&redlink=1) Robert Louis-Dreyfus (/wiki/Robert_Louis-Dreyfus) Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) Kasper Rørsted (/wiki/Kasper_R%C3%B8rsted) Stan Smith (/wiki/Stan_Smith) Bernard Tapie (/wiki/Bernard_Tapie) Sonny Vaccaro (/wiki/Sonny_Vaccaro) Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) Related topics Dassler brothers feud (/wiki/Dassler_brothers_feud) Generation Adidas (/wiki/Generation_Adidas) Statue of Adolf Dassler (/wiki/Statue_of_Adolf_Dassler) Three stripes (/wiki/Three_stripes) Category}} (/wiki/Category:Adidas) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adidas) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐wfxdb Cached time: 20240716054019 Cache expiry: 1361982 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.315 seconds Real time usage: 0.429 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37062/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 912/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28254/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.210/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5252647/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 379.667 1 -total 27.97% 106.185 1 Template:Reflist 25.47% 96.703 3 Template:Navbox 25.32% 96.123 1 Template:Adidas 24.52% 93.102 1 Template:Infobox_product 24.29% 92.236 5 Template:Cite_web 23.60% 89.602 1 Template:Infobox 19.50% 74.027 1 Template:Short_description 10.87% 41.262 2 Template:Pagetype 5.65% 21.433 6 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75121450-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716054019 and revision id 1228056200. 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Generic term for non-Han Chinese clothing For the human meat flavored tofu product, see Hufu (novelty item) (/wiki/Hufu_(novelty_item)) . Hufu A foreign Sogdian soldier wearing a curved collar ( 曲领 ) short robe, Eastern Han, early 3rd century. Figurines from Northern Wei. On the left: Foreign fashion lapel robes On the right: Foreign-influenced or foreign-style cross-collared robes closing to the left side instead of the right side. Traditionally, Chinese style upper garment closes to the right. Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 胡服 Literal meaning Barbarian clothing Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Húfú Korean name Hangul (/wiki/Hangul) 호복 Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) 胡服 Transcriptions Revised Romanization (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) Hobok Hufu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 胡服 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%9C%8D) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : húfú ; Korean (/wiki/Korean_language) : 호복 ; Hanja (/wiki/Hanja) : 胡服 ; RR (/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean) : hobok ), also referred as Hu clothing , [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) nomadic dress , [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) ' barbarian ' clothing or dress, [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) or foreign dress , [5] (#cite_note-5) is a generic term which refers to any clothing (/wiki/Clothing) which was worn in ancient China (/wiki/Ancient_China) and its surrounding regions by non- Han Chinese people (/wiki/Han_Chinese) . [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) This term is also used to refer to clothing of foreign origins in ancient China (/wiki/China) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) The introduction of Hufu -style garments and attire in China occurred by the time of King Wuling of Zhao (/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao) . [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) Terminology [ edit ] The term ' Hu ' was adopted to refer to the non-Han Chinese population which could include the ancient 'Hu' northern nomadic people, such as the Xiongnu (/wiki/Xiongnu) , [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) as well as the people from the Western regions such as Sogdians (/wiki/Sogdia) , [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 284 the Sasanid (/wiki/Sasanian_Empire) Persian, the Turkic people (/wiki/Turkic_peoples) ( Tujue ), Uyghur (/wiki/Uyghurs) ( Huihe or Huihu ), Tibetans (/wiki/Tibetan_people) ( Tufan ), and the Khitans (/wiki/Khitan_people) ( Qidan ) who lived in the north and west regions of the empire. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Cultural significance and distinction [ edit ] The traditional way to distinguish between Hufu and Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , Chinese clothing, is by the direction in which the garment collar (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) closes. [8] (#cite_note-:83-8) Chinese collar customs [ edit ] Main articles: Ru (upper garment) (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) , and Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Clothing style which overlaps in the front and closes to the right, known as youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Youren/right_lapel) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 右衽 ) originated in China, [9] (#cite_note-9) and started to be worn in the Shang dynasty (/wiki/Shang_dynasty) in China. [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) [11] (#cite_note-:143-11) The youren collar is an important symbol of the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) , and traditionally Chinese robes (/wiki/Paofu) and Chinese jackets (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) must cover the right part of the body. [12] (#cite_note-:74-12) However, the Chinese did also wear clothing which overlaps in the front and is closed on the left side, in a style known as zuoren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Zuoren/left_lapel) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 左衽 ). According to the Shuowen Jiezi (/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi) 《說文解字 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97) 》, a form of paofu (/wiki/Paofu) , known as xi ( 襲 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%B2) ), was a robe (/wiki/Robe) with a zuoren closure. [13] (#cite_note-13) The coat known as zhe ( 褶 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A4%B6) ; sometimes referred as xi ), typically used as part of the kuzhe (/wiki/Shanku) , was also a xi ( 襲 ) according to the Shiming (/wiki/Shiming) . [14] (#cite_note-14) Left: Figure of a warrior, wearing a form of kuxi which closes to the left (左衽), a feature associated with Hufu-style clothing, Northern Qi. Right: Figure of an officer wearing a type of kuxi which closes to the right (右衽) in a typical Chinese way, Northern Wei. The use of zuoren , however, was typically associated with funeral practices. This can also be found in the chapter Sang da ji 《喪 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%96%AA) 大 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7) 記 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98) 》of the Liji (/wiki/Book_of_Rites) 《禮 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%AE) 記 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98) 》: "At both the dressings the sacrificial robes were not placed below the others. They were all placed with the lapel to lie on the left side. The bands were tied firmly, and not in a bow-knot [小斂大斂，祭服不倒，皆左衽結絞不紐]." According to ancient Chinese beliefs, the only moment the Han Chinese was supposed to close their clothing in the zuoren -style is when they dressed their deceased. [12] (#cite_note-:74-12) This funeral practice is due to ancient Chinese beliefs in the yin and yang (/wiki/Yin_and_yang) theory, where it is believed that the left represents the yang aspect and stands for life whereas the right represents the yin aspect which stands for death. [15] (#cite_note-:132-15) Based on this belief, the left lapel needs to be outside (i.e. youren ) to indicate that the power of the yang is suppressing the yin , which therefore symbolized the clothing of living people. [15] (#cite_note-:132-15) However, if the yin aspect surpasses the yang , which is represented by the zuoren , then this form zuoren -style clothing becomes the clothing worn by the deceased. [15] (#cite_note-:132-15) It is therefore taboo in Chinese clothing culture for a living person to wear zuoren . [15] (#cite_note-:132-15) Some paintings of the Ming dynasty depicts the Han Chinese with zuoren clothing, an atypical feature The rule of wearing youren was not always respected by the Han Chinese: for example, in the 10th century, some ethnic Han Chinese could be found wearing left-lapel clothing in some areas (such as Northern Hebei (/wiki/Hebei) ); [16] (#cite_note-16) and following the fall of the Yuan dynasty, left lapel ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) continued to be worn in some areas of the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) despite the dynasty being led by Han Chinese, which is an atypical feature of the period. [17] (#cite_note-:13-17) Collar customs of ethnic minorities, non-Chinese ethnicities, and foreigners [ edit ] Xiongnu (/wiki/Xiongnu) leather robe closing to the left side (zuoren), Han period. On the other hand, some ethnic minorities, such as the Xianbei, [18] (#cite_note-:7-18) : 407–408 Khitans, [19] (#cite_note-:43-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) : 130–135 and other kingdoms such as Goguryeo, [21] (#cite_note-:172-21) who were living in surrounding areas had clothing which generally closed in the zuoren -style in ancient China. [12] (#cite_note-:74-12) This can also be found in the Analects (/wiki/Analects) where Confucius (/wiki/Confucius) himself praised Guan Zhong (/wiki/Guan_Zhong) for preventing the weakened Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) from becoming barbarians: [22] (#cite_note-:102-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) "But for Guan Zhong, we should now be wearing our hair unbound [pifa], and the lapels of our coats buttoning on the left side [zuoren]. [微管仲，吾其被髮左衽矣]." Based on Confucius' sayings, pifa zuoren ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 被发左衽 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 被髮左衽 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : bèifà zuǒrèn ; lit. 'unbound hair left lapel'), bound hair and coats which closed on the left side in the zuoren -style, was associated with the clothing customs of the northern nomadic ethnic groups who were considered as barbarians. [22] (#cite_note-:102-22) During his time, unbound hair and clothing closing to the left were the clothing customs of the northern nomadic ethnic groups which were considered as barbarians by the Han Chinese. [22] (#cite_note-:102-22) Moreover, from the standpoint of the Huaxia (/wiki/Huaxia) culture, pifa was a way to reject refined culture and being turned into a barbarian. [25] (#cite_note-:222-25) : 101 By the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , since Confucius himself was the first person to use the phrase pifa zuoren to refer to Non-Zhou dynasty (/wiki/Zhou_dynasty) people, this phrase became a common metaphor (/wiki/Metaphor) for primitiveness. [25] (#cite_note-:222-25) : 103 When used by the ancient Chinese literati, the concept of pifa zuoren became a phrase, which held the symbolic of foreign people who were living a barbarous and civilized lifestyle; this concept also became a way to emphasize the customs differences between the Han people and other ethnic minorities and draw the line to distinguish who were considered as civilized and barbarians. [25] (#cite_note-:222-25) : 103 The zuoren thus also became a reference to Hufu , Hufu -style, and/or to the rule of foreign nationalities; [12] (#cite_note-:74-12) for example, as observed in the Liao dynasty (/wiki/Liao_dynasty) [26] (#cite_note-:1102-26) : 267 and in the female clothing of the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) when it was a common practice for some Chinese women to change the direction of their collar to the left side. [17] (#cite_note-:13-17) Some non-Chinese ethnicity who adopted Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) -style sometimes maintain their left lapels, such as the Khitans (/wiki/Khitan_people) in the Liao dynasty. [26] (#cite_note-:1102-26) : 267 History [ edit ] Warring States period [ edit ] Hufuqishe policy [ edit ] See also: Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) and Ku and Kun (Chinese trousers) (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) One of the earliest Chinese representations of nomadic peoples on the northern frontier; a charioteer wearing a short sword and belted jacket, a form of clothing which was designed for an equestrian culture, Warring States period (475–221 B.C.), China. [27] (#cite_note-27) During the Warring States period (/wiki/Warring_States_period) , King Wuling of Zhao (/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao) (r. 326–298 BC) instituted the Hufuqishe ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 胡服騎射 ; lit. 'Hu clothing and mounted archery') policies which involved the adoption of Hufu to facilitate horse riding. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) During this period, the term ' Hufu ' was coined after the 'Hu' people, who were northern nomadic people. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In the Shiji (/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian) 《史記》, Zhao Shijia ( lit. ' Hereditary Family of Zhao ' ), it is said that King Wuling undertook those sartorial reforms in the 19th year of his reign in 307 BCE. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) However, according to the Bamboo Annals (/wiki/Bamboo_Annals) , an annalistic history of Wei unearthed from a Wei King tomb in 279 BC, the Zhao court had ordered commanders, officers, and their families, and garrison guards to adopt Hefu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 貉服 ) in 302 BC. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The term ' He ' used in the Bamboo Annals is a synonym of the term ' Hu ' which refers to the northern nomadic people. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Under this sartorial and military reform, all the soldiers of King Wuling had to wear the uniforms of Donghu (/wiki/Donghu_people) , Linhu, and Loufan in battles. [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 257 The choice to adopt cavalry and the departure from the chariot warfare from the 8th to 5th century BC showed the influence of the Xiongnu (/wiki/Xiongnu) , who were the northern neighbour of the Zhao state (/wiki/Zhao_(state)) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The reality or the extent of King Wuling's reforms is a disputed subject among historians. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The Hufu adopted by King Wuling can be described as shangxi xiaku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 上褶下袴 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : shangxi xiaku ; lit. 'short coat on upper body', 'trousers on lower body'); [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) this form of attire is described as being composed of trousers, a (short [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 257 ) shirt or jacket with tighter (tubular-shaped [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) ) sleeves, [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) xue ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 靴 ; lit. ' boots (/wiki/Boot) '), [10] (#cite_note-:5-10) [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 257 belt, [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 257 [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) and belt buckle. [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 257 Left: Figurine of the foreign Hu wearing what appears to be a round collar garment, Warring States period. Right: Bronze belt Hooks, Warring States period. However, the Hufu -style trousers introduced by King Wuling were characterized with loose rises and differed from the indigenous ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袴 ) of the Chinese; the Hufu -style trousers could be described as form of kun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 裈 ); the kun were trousers which had rise to cover the crotch areas. [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) A conical cap which resembles Scythian hats was also adopted as part of the Hufuqishe . [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) Of note of importance, although the Hufu -style attire adopted by King Wuling appears to be similar to Scythian clothing (/wiki/Scythian_clothing) , the Hufu which appears in classical Chinese text were actually different from the historical Scythian clothing. [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) For example, the hat adopted by King Wuling was less pointy that the Scythian hat and were decorated with a marten (/wiki/Marten) tail. [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) In the Warring States period, the wearing of short upper garment worn by the Chinese which is belted with a woven silk band and had a right-opening also influenced the Hufu ; this form of attire was worn together with trousers allowing greater ease of movement. [32] (#cite_note-:8-32) This form of clothing attire was most likely worn by peasants and labourers. [32] (#cite_note-:8-32) Influence of Hufu -style kun on the development of Chinese trousers, ku [ edit ] Prior to the introduction of Hufu by King Wuling, Chinese people wore the traditional Chinese clothing system (/wiki/Hanfu) which consisted of the combination of yi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 衣 ) or ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 襦 ), both of which were upper garment which typically closed to the right in a style known as jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Jiaoling_youren) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 交領右衽 ), [33] (#cite_note-33) the indigenous Chinese trousers referred as ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袴 ), also known as jingyi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 胫衣 ), which were in the form of knee-high trousers which were tied to the calves of the wearer allowing the thighs to be exposed and appeared as early as the Neolithic period and was the original form of ku trousers) in early time, and chang ( 裳 , a lower skirt) which is the predecessor of qun (/wiki/Qun) ( 裙 ), to hide the lower body. [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) People could also wear yichang ( 衣裳 ) without wearing ku . [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) The type of trousers introduced by King Wuling in Central China was referred as kun (裈) instead of ku ; the kun were trousers with loose rise (i.e. which cover the crotch areas) which was first used among the military troops. [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) As the kun -trousers did not conform to the traditional culture of the Han, the kun was mainly worn by warriors and servants, but kun were not used by the general population as people found it hard to adjust the use of kun in their daily activities. [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) The kun however influenced the development of jingyi by transforming the jingyi into becoming longer, stretched up to the thighs regions, and the waist become enclosed however the rise and rear of those trousers were open which allowed for the purpose of urinating and defecting; this then became the pattern of ku -rousers. [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) This form of ku -trousers was more accepted in the Han tradition than the kun , and evolved into other forms of ku trousers of the later dynasties, such as qiongku (trousers with hip and rise area closed in the front and tied at the back with multiple strings) which was designed in the Western Han dynasty. [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) Kun trousers introduced by King Wuling later developed into other forms of trousers in the later period, such as dashao (trousers with extremely wide legs) which appeared in the Han dynasty and dakouku (trousers which were tied under the knees). [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) These forms of trousers were Chinese innovations. [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) Han dynasty [ edit ] Some forms of hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) worn in the Eastern Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) started to be influenced by the costumes of the Hu ( 胡 ) people and the gown with round collar started to appear. [34] (#cite_note-:3-34) However, in this period, the round collar gown was more commonly used as an under-garment. [34] (#cite_note-:3-34) Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties [ edit ] This was a period of cultural integration and cultural exchange between the Han Chinese and the other ethnic groups. [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) The Han Chinese living in the South liked the driving clothing of the Northern minorities which was composed of trousers and xi (a close-fitting short robe with round neck and tight sleeves). [30] (#cite_note-:6-30) The northern nomads also introduced their leather boots ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 靴 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : xue ), [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 317 quekua ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 缺胯 ; a type of crotch-length garment which was a long jacket with tight sleeves but less overlap compared to the traditional clothing worn by the Chinese allowing greater ease of movement; the collar was either round and snug or slightly plunged allowing the undershirt to be visible) and the hood and cape ensemble in China. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 317 However, not all stylistic innovations in clothing came from the Northern minorities in this period. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 317 For example, the trousers tied with chords below the knee worn in the kuxi (褲褶; lit. 'trousers and jacket') during the Six dynasties were Chinese inventions and were not nomadic clothing. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 317 The Kuzhe (袴褶) of the late Northern dynasties was a creation of Han culture which was developed through the assimilation of non-Han culture. [31] (#cite_note-:72-31) Influences of the Xianbei and ban of Xianbei clothing [ edit ] During the Wei (/wiki/Cao_Wei) , Jin (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) , Northern and Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) , northern nomadic peoples introduced other styles of round collar ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 盤領 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : panling ) [35] (#cite_note-35) robe in China. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) The round collar robe (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) introduced by the Xianbei (/wiki/Xianbei) had tight sleeves which allowed for greater ease of riding when horse riding. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) Since the Northern Wei dynasty (/wiki/Northern_Wei) , the shapes of the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) robes started to be influenced by the round collar robes. [36] (#cite_note-:42-36) The Xianbei were originally a branch of the Donghu (/wiki/Donghu_people) which were defeated by the Xiongnu but they later claimed to be descendant of the Yellow Emperor (/wiki/Yellow_Emperor) as the Chinese. [37] (#cite_note-37) The Northern Wei period was a period of cultural integration (/wiki/Cultural_assimilation) between the Xianbei and the Han Chinese; the Xianbei ruling elites adopted Chinese clothing and Chinese customs while the Han Chinese started to integrate some of the Xianbei's nomadic style clothing which included high boots and round-collar robes with narrow sleeves into Han clothing. [38] (#cite_note-:4-38) : 183, 185–186 In the murals of Lou Rui tomb of Northern Qi (dated to 570), a procession of riders appear to be clothed in quekua and wearing boots and headgear. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 317 However, the other figures found in the tomb of Lou Rui are dressed in styles closer to the traditional Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) style, showing wide sleeves and lapels closing to the right side. [38] (#cite_note-:4-38) : 187 Xianbei clothing Xianbei women typically wore a long robe under a jacket instead of trousers and boots. [39] (#cite_note-Dien_2007_318–319-39) Xianbei clothing had zuoren opening (i.e. closed on the left side). The cape and hood was another nomad outfit which was distinctively Xianbei. [39] (#cite_note-Dien_2007_318–319-39) The cape and hood was another nomad outfit which was distinctively Xianbei. [39] (#cite_note-Dien_2007_318–319-39) A form of kuxi. The cross collar closing to the left showing foreign influence or style instead of the right closing. The trousers are however Chinese trousers. Riders from the murals from the Tomb of Lou Rui appear to be wearing quekua. The Xianbei rulers continued to wear own distinctive Xianbei clothing in order to maintain their ethnic identity and avoid merging with the Chinese majority population. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 284, 319 However, under the sinicization policies under Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei (/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei) , Hufu (Northern barbarian clothing) was banned. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) This ban of Hufu also included the ban on Xianbei clothing. [42] (#cite_note-:15-42) The ban also included non-Han language at Northern Wei court, and the changing of the royal family surname Tuoba to Yuan. [42] (#cite_note-:15-42) Many members of the Tuoba Xianbei adopted Han Chinese clothing, language, surnames and customs. [42] (#cite_note-:15-42) [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 131 However, this sinicization policies were also met with opposition by other ethnic minority groups. [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 131 After the fall of the Northern Wei, male figures started to reappear wearing Xianbei-style clothing on Buddhist monuments and tomb murals; however, the Xianbei-style clothing worn by women are no longer seen in the art of China after the year 500 AD. [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) These re-emerging Xianbei clothing following the fall of the Northern Wei also showed minor changes. [18] (#cite_note-:7-18) : 407–409 After the year 500 AD, women would appear in Chinese-style clothing while men could be found dressed in either Xianbei-style or Chinese-style clothing. [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) In the tomb of Xu Xianxiu (/wiki/Tomb_of_Xu_Xianxiu) (d. 571 AD), Xu Xianxiu, a Northern Qi (/wiki/Northern_Qi) aristocrat, is depicted wearing Xianbei-style tunic, trousers, and boots and what appears to be a cloak of Central Asian fashion while his wife is wear a Chinese-style robe. [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) [43] (#cite_note-:66-43) Some female servants depicted on the tomb mural of Xu Xianxiu appear to be dressed in clothing which looks closer to the Xianbei style garment than the Chinese-style clothing due to the use of narrow sleeves; however, this form of clothing is not representative of the Xianbei style clothing worn before the year 500 AD. [2] (#cite_note-:12-2) Influences of Sogdians [ edit ] Sogdian musicians from a funerary couch, Northern Qi The Sogdians (/wiki/Sogdia) were also called Hu ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 胡 ) in Chinese. [7] (#cite_note-:02-7) : 284 The Sogdians and their descendants (mostly from the merchants class) living in China during this period also wore a form of knee-length yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) -like kaftan (/wiki/Kaftan) that retained their own ethnic characteristics but with some East Asian influences (i.e. Chinese and early Turks). [44] (#cite_note-:22-44) Under the influence and the demands of the Chinese population, most Sogdian attire in China had to be closed to the right. [44] (#cite_note-:22-44) Their robes would often be buttoned up the neck forming the round collar but occasionally the collar (or lower button) would be undone to form lapel robes (/wiki/Fanlingpao) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 翻领胡服 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Fānlǐng húfú ; lit. 'Non-Chinese lapel robes'). [44] (#cite_note-:22-44) [36] (#cite_note-:42-36) Lapels robes were popular in Central regions (in the Sogdian regions), Qiuci (/wiki/Kucha) and Gaochang (/wiki/Gaochang) but originated in Western Asia (/wiki/Western_Asia) but spread eastwards through the Sogdians in Central Asia. [36] (#cite_note-:42-36) The Sogdians living in Central Asia (/wiki/Central_Asia) and China (/wiki/China) wore turned-down lapel robes which was popular the Sogdian region of Central Asia in the Western Asia. [44] (#cite_note-:22-44) The Sogdians in China and Sogdia had both lapels down following the Iranian tradition or the tradition of the Saka people (/wiki/Saka) living in the Khotan (/wiki/Hotan) Oasis. [44] (#cite_note-:22-44) It was also not rare for Chinese Sogdians to wear their robes with only the left lapel which was a distinguishing feature as the only left lapel robe was rarely found in Sogdia (/wiki/Sogdia) . [44] (#cite_note-:22-44) These lapels robes appeared as early as in Northern Wei (/wiki/Northern_Wei) depictions and are (for now) the earliest depictions of Xianbei or Han Chinese people wearing lapels robes; these lapels robes became a popular form of fashion in Northern Qi (/wiki/Northern_Qi) in the Han regions for both men and women. [36] (#cite_note-:42-36) This dressing customs of wearing lapel robe was later inherited and developed in the subsequent dynasties, in the Tang (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) and Sui dynasties (/wiki/Sui_dynasty) . [36] (#cite_note-:42-36) Tang dynasty [ edit ] The Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) also saw the ready acceptance and syncretization with Chinese practice, of elements of foreign culture by the Han Chinese. The foreign influences prevalent during Tang China included cultures from Gandhara (/wiki/Gandhara) , Turkestan (/wiki/Turkestan) , Persia (/wiki/Persian_culture) and Greece (/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization) . The stylistic influences of these cultures were fused into Tang-style clothing without any one particular culture having especial prominence. [45] (#cite_note-:55-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) An example of foreign influence on Tang's women clothing is the use of garment with a low-cut neckline. [28] (#cite_note-:14-28) : 272 However, just like women in the Tang dynasty period incorporated Central Asian-styles in their clothing, Central Asian women also wore some Han Chinese-style clothing from the Tang dynasty and combined elements of the Han Chinese-style attire and ornament aesthetic in their ethnic attire. [47] (#cite_note-:522-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) Yuanlingshan, lapel robes, and foreign-influences on headwear [ edit ] Main articles: Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) , and Mili (veil) (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) See also: Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) , Humao (/wiki/Humao) , and Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Woman wearing hufu (lapel robes and stripped Persian trousers) in Tang dynasty In the Tang dynasty, the descendants of the Xianbei and the other non-Chinese people who ruled northern China from 304 to 581 AD lost their ethnic identity and became Chinese; the term Han (/wiki/Han_Chinese) was used to refer to all people of the Tang dynasty instead of describing the population ruled by the Xianbei elites during the Northern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) . [49] (#cite_note-49) The round-collar jacket and gown (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , tied with a belt at the waist, became a typical form of fashion for both Tang dynasty men and women as it was fashionable for women to dress like men in the Tang dynasty. [50] (#cite_note-:16-50) : 34–36 [51] (#cite_note-search.proquest.com2-51) The Hufu , which was popular in this period was the clothing worn by the Tartars (/wiki/Tatars) and the people who lived in the Western regions (/wiki/Western_Regions) , [52] (#cite_note-:23-52) : 2 was brought from the Silk Road (/wiki/Silk_Road) . [52] (#cite_note-:23-52) : 1 In the early Tang dynasty, the influence of hufu was described as a pastiche of Turkic, Uyghur, Sogdian and Sasanid Persian clothing. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Hufu -style in this period included jacket with open-front with narrow-fitting sleeves, striped, tapered trousers, woven boots, and weimao (/wiki/Weimao_(hat)) (i.e. wide-brimmed hat with an attached gauze veil). [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Other forms of Hufu included: mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) (羃䍦), a burqua-like headwear, veil-less hat called humao (/wiki/Humao) . Almost all figurines and mural paintings depicting female court attendants dressed in men's clothing are wearing Hufu . [53] (#cite_note-:92-53) During this period, the yuanlingpao could be turned into a lapel robe (influenced by those worn by the Sogdians (/wiki/Sogdia) ) by unbuttoning the robes and the lapel robes could be turned into the yuanlingpao when buttoned. [36] (#cite_note-:42-36) In some unearthed pottery figures wearing lapel robes dating from the Tang dynasty, it found that the yuanlingpao had three buttons on the collar. [36] (#cite_note-:42-36) The double overturned lapels with tight-fitting sleeves were known as kuapao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 袴袍 ; a robe which originated from Central Asia (/wiki/Central_Asia) [54] (#cite_note-:10-54) ), and similarly to the yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , the kuapao could be ornate with trims decorated with patterns at the front, sleeve-cuffs and along the lapels. [53] (#cite_note-:92-53) The kuapao [55] (#cite_note-55) was worn by men, but it could be used as a main garment for cross-dressing female attendant or they could be draped on the shoulders of both men and women like a cloak. [53] (#cite_note-:92-53) [54] (#cite_note-:10-54) The lapel robes worn during the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) was categorized as Hufu instead of Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) ; the use of these styles of robes showed the popularity of Hufu during the Tang dynasty, especially during the Wuzetian (/wiki/Wu_Zetian) period (684–704 AD). [50] (#cite_note-:16-50) : 27 The Yuanlingpao however was categorized as Han clothing. [51] (#cite_note-search.proquest.com2-51) It also popular for people to use fabrics (such as brocade) to decorate the collars, sleeves and front and their gowns; this clothing decoration customs is known as 'partial decorations of gowns' and was influenced by the Sogdians of Central Asia who had entered China since the Northern and Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) period. [56] (#cite_note-:11-56) Influenced by foreign cultures, [56] (#cite_note-:11-56) some yuanlingshan [57] (#cite_note-57) could also be decorated with Central Asian roundels (i.e. a form of partial decoration) which would run down at the centre of the robe. [53] (#cite_note-:92-53) Huihuzhuang/Uyghur clothing [ edit ] Uyghur princesses wearing Uyghur turned down lapel robes. It was also fashionable for noble women to wear Huihuzhuang (回鶻装; Uyghur dress , which is sometimes referred as Huihu- style), a turned-down lapel voluminous robes with tight sleeves which were slim-fitting, after the An Lushan Rebellion (/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion) (755–763 AD). [58] (#cite_note-:82-58) [59] (#cite_note-:52-59) [60] (#cite_note-:93-60) [61] (#cite_note-中国传统服饰-61) In 840 AD, the Uyghur empire (/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate) collapsed, the Uyghur refugees fled to Xinjiang (/wiki/Xinjiang) and to the Southeast of Tang frontier to seek refuge, and in 843 AD, all the Uighur living in China had to wear Chinese-style clothing. [62] (#cite_note-62) Fading of Hufu in Tang [ edit ] After the High Tang dynasty period, the influences of Hufu progressively started to fade and the clothing started to become more and more loose. [52] (#cite_note-:23-52) : 2 and more traditional Han style clothing was restored. [63] (#cite_note-63) Song, Liao, Western Xia, Jin dynasties [ edit ] Main articles: Fashion in the Liao dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Liao_dynasty) , Fashion in Western Xia (/wiki/Fashion_in_Western_Xia) , and Fashion in the Jurchen Jin dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_Jurchen_Jin_dynasty) The Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)) was founded by the Jurchens (/wiki/Jurchen_people) . [64] (#cite_note-:9-64) In 1126, the Jurchen orders all Chinese people living in the conquered areas to shave their hair on the front and to dress only in Jurchen style. [65] (#cite_note-:17-65) [66] (#cite_note-:24-66) : 281 The order to adopt Jurchen hairstyle and clothing style was an Inner Asian practice of forcing people who were living on conquered lands to show their subservience to their conquerors. [65] (#cite_note-:17-65) The order to change into Jurchen hairstyle and clothing was reinforced in 1129. [66] (#cite_note-:24-66) : 281 This order however does not appear to have been observed in a strict manner. [66] (#cite_note-:24-66) : 281 Under Hailing Wang (/wiki/Wanyan_Liang) , who was Pro-Chinese emperor, Chinese people in Honan (/wiki/Henan) were allowed to wear Chinese clothing. [66] (#cite_note-:24-66) : 281 Under Emperor Shizong (/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Jin) , the Jurchen were prohibited to be dressed in Chinese fashion and were forbidden from adopting Chinese personal and last names; this was because during his time (1161–1189), many Jurchen appeared to have adopted Chinese behaviours while the Jurchen had forgotten their own national traditions. [66] (#cite_note-:24-66) : 281 By 1170, Chinese men had adopted either Jurchen or mixed Jurchen-Han clothing; Chinese women, especially elite women, however maintained Han (/wiki/Hanfu) -style clothing although the clothing were outdated according to the standards of the Song dynasty. [67] (#cite_note-67) The rulers of Jin gradually abandoned their own customs, including clothing and language for Chinese ones, especially after having moved their capital to Kaifeng (/wiki/Kaifeng) . [64] (#cite_note-:9-64) Yuan dynasty [ edit ] Yuan dynasty theatre actors wore elaborate costumes and stereotyped facial makeup; diverse costumes of different nationalities were worn, Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) , 1324 AD. Main article: Fashion in Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_Yuan_dynasty) Mongol clothing [ edit ] See also: Jisün (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) and Terlig (/wiki/Terlig) The Mongol of the Yuan dynasty impacted the clothing worn by the Chinese. [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) According to Song Lian (/wiki/Song_Lian) (1310–1381), "When the Song dynasty collapsed and the Yuan dynasty was founded, people's clothing changed to square and conical straw hats and clothes with narrow sleeves" . [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) Different styles of Mongol clothing were shared and used among different social classes. [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) However, Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) continued to co-exist along with Mongol clothing. [69] (#cite_note-:21-69) During this period, men's casual clothing follows those of the Han Chinese; aristocrats women mainly worn Mongol clothing while common women wore ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) and banbi (/wiki/Banbi) . [69] (#cite_note-:21-69) Example of Mongol clothing and hats which influenced the Han Chinese were the boli hat (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 钹笠帽 ), terlig (/wiki/Terlig) , jisün (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) , Mongol-style dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) . [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) Goryeoyang/Goryeo-style [ edit ] The customs of Goryeo clothing became popular at the end of the Yuan dynasty among Mongol rulers, aristocrats, queens and imperial concubines in the capital city. [69] (#cite_note-:21-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) The fashion trend was dubbed goryeoyang ( 高麗樣 ) and was described by being a banryeong banbi (/wiki/Banbi) ( 方領半臂 ), [71] (#cite_note-71) the suggested modern interpretation of the physical appearance of such garment (square collar short-sleeved upper garment [72] (#cite_note-72) ) was based on the same poem and was drawn in a 2005 study by senior researcher Choi. [73] (#cite_note-73) Ming dynasty [ edit ] See also: Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Water and Land Ritual painting (/wiki/Water_and_Land_Ritual_painting) depicting Han Chinese clothing and Mongolian-style clothing, unknown author, Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) Following the fall of the Yuan dynasty, Emperor Taizu promulgated an imperial edict to restore Tang-style clothing and hats in the first year of his reign. [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) [74] (#cite_note-74) In the twenty fourth year of Hongwu (1391), there was an imperial edict which banned the wearing of Hufu ; this was specifically for women of gentry. [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) Several other bans were made regarding the wearing of nomad clothing, which was recorded in the Ming dynasty historical records (for example, in 1442, 1491, etc.). [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) Throughout the Ming dynasty period, there were several prohibitions on Mongol style clothing; however, certain clothing of the Ming dynasty influenced or derived from the Mongol clothing continued to be used, such as yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) and dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) . [68] (#cite_note-:20-68) Qing dynasty [ edit ] Main article: Manchu clothing (/wiki/Qizhuang) Clothing categorized as Hufu [ edit ] Xiongnu clothing (/w/index.php?title=Xiongnu_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Xianbei clothing (/w/index.php?title=Xianbei_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Sogdian clothing in China (/w/index.php?title=Sogdian_clothing_in_China&action=edit&redlink=1) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) – a crinoline-like underskirt imported in Ming dynasty from Joseon Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) Mongol clothing: terlig (/wiki/Terlig) Influences [ edit ] Clothing influenced by Hufu and/or Hufu which were adopted and localized into Hanfu are: Robes: Yuanlingshan/ yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) , panling lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) , fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) (lapel robe), jisün (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) , yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) , dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) of Ming dynasty, tieli (/wiki/Terlig) of Ming dynasty Attire: Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) , Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Upper garments: Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , Tanling banbi (/wiki/Banbi) , bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Headwear: wuguan, [29] (#cite_note-:19-29) [note 1] (#cite_note-75) heguan (鶡冠), [75] (#cite_note-76) [note 2] (#cite_note-77) mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) , Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) , humao (/wiki/Humao) , futou (/wiki/Futou) , damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) – Long Chinese robes Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) – Manchu clothing Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-75) The wuguan (武冠) is a military guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) , which was derived from the zhaohuiwenguan, the guan which was used by King Huiwen of Zhao (/wiki/King_Huiwen_of_Zhao) . King Huiwen wore the same guan as his father, King Wuling of Zhao, which was a hufu-style hat decorated with marten tail. ^ (#cite_ref-77) The heguan is a type of military guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) , decorated with two pheasant feathers, which is possibly derived from the hufu-style hat adopted by King Wuling of Zhao as part of the hufuqishe policy References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Paul van Els; Sarah A. Queen, eds. (2017). Between history and philosophy : anecdotes in early China . Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 121–122. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4384-6613-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 967791392 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/967791392) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f LINGLEY, KATE A. (2010). "NATURALIZING THE EXOTIC: On the Changing Meanings of Ethnic Dress in Medieval China" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/29550020) . Ars Orientalis . 38 : 50–80. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0571-1371 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0571-1371) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 29550020 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/29550020) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Abramson, Marc Samuel (2008). Ethnic identity in Tang China . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 83. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8122-0101-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 802057634 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/802057634) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Chen, Buyun (2019). Empire of style : silk and fashion in Tang China . Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-74531-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1101879641 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101879641) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Silberstein, Rachel (2020). A fashionable century : textile artistry and commerce in the late Qing . Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 266. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-74719-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1121420666 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1121420666) . ^ Jump up to: a b Xu, Zhuoyun (2012). 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Goryeoyang dressing with a bangryŏng, banbi and a full-flowing skirt (From historical research and illustration by Choi 2007, p. 183)" (https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Goryeoyang-and-Mongolpung-in-the-13th%E2%80%9314th-Kim-Lee/00eb328be57a608854ff337aaa2d6a9216584c58/figure/0) ^ (#cite_ref-73) Choi, Hai-Yaul (2007). "A Study on the Design of Historical Costume for Making Movie & Multimedia -Focused on Rich Women's Costume of Goryeo-Yang and Mongol-Pung in the 13th to 14th Century-" (https://www.koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200708508472010.page) . Journal of the Korean Society of Costume . 57 (1): 176–186. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1229-6880 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1229-6880) . ^ (#cite_ref-74) Serruys, Henry (1957). "Remains of Mongol Customs in China During the Early Ming Period" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02549948.1957.11730961) . Monumenta Serica . 16 (1–2): 137–190. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/02549948.1957.11730961 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02549948.1957.11730961) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0254-9948 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0254-9948) . ^ (#cite_ref-76) Wallace, Leslie (2020). "Does a feather in your hat barbarian make? Headgear and hairstyles in Han dynasty tomb murals in the Ordos". In Sheri Lullo; Leslie V. Wallace (eds.). The art and archaeology of bodily adornment : studies from Central and East Asian mortuary contexts . Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 161–175. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-351-26832-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1090702934 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1090702934) . 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Creative Africa Exchange (CAX) is a platform and event bringing together African creatives from different industries to explore business opportunities. Its focus is on music, film, and fashion. It has been described as "Africa's first continental event dedicated to promoting exchange within the creative and cultural industry." [1] (#cite_note-1) The first event was held in Kigali, Rwanda in January 2020. CAX WKND 2020 [ edit ] The Creative Africa Exchange Weekend (CAX WKND 2020) was organized by Times Multimedia and sponsored the Africa Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank), the African Union (/wiki/African_Union) , UNESCO (/wiki/UNESCO) . [2] (#cite_note-2) It was attended by over 1,500 participants from 68 countries. It recorded an estimated $2 billion worth of investment and trade deals. Guests included actors Djimon Hounsou (/wiki/Djimon_Hounsou) , Omotola Jalade Ekeinde (/wiki/Omotola_Jalade_Ekeinde) , Richard Mofe-Damijo (/wiki/Richard_Mofe-Damijo) and musician D'banj (/wiki/D%27banj) . [3] (#cite_note-3) During the event, Afreximbank announced a $500 million commitment to the African creative and cultural industry. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sabiiti, Daniel. "Creative Africa Gathering in Rwanda Seeks to Raise Deals Worth $2billion" (https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/01/creative-africa-gathering-in-rwanda-seeks-to-raise-deals-worth-2billion/) . KT Press . Retrieved 10 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Okunade, Titobioluwa. "Afreximbank, CAX, others to organize landmark event" (https://nairametrics.com/2020/01/03/afreximbank-creative-africa-exchange/) . Nairametrics . Retrieved 10 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Aina, Dolapo. "CAX Africa 2020: Embracing African Stories" (https://guardian.ng/arts-2/cax-africa-2020-embracing-african-stories/) . Guardian Nigeria . Retrieved 10 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Afreximbank commits $500m for creative sector development" (https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/afreximbank-commits-500m-creative-sector-development) . The New Times . Retrieved 10 September 2020 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐79cbf896bd‐kcsc8 Cached time: 20240706203306 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.116 seconds Real time usage: 0.141 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 221/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6643/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 88/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15304/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.073/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2995111/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 127.675 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 127.675 1 -total 81.13% 103.582 4 Template:Cite_web 1.71% 2.187 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65286992-0!canonical and timestamp 20240706203306 and revision id 1081564790. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Africa_Exchange&oldid=1081564790 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Africa_Exchange&oldid=1081564790) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cultural exchange (/wiki/Category:Cultural_exchange)
British artist, author and social activist Florence Given Born 1998 (age 25–26) Nationality British Alma mater London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) Occupation(s) Illustrator, writer, social activist Florence Given (born 1998 [1] (#cite_note-1) ) is a British illustrator (/wiki/Illustrator) , writer, feminist (/wiki/Feminism) social activist (/wiki/Activism) , and influencer (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) . Life and career [ edit ] In 2018, Given launched a petition to cancel the Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) series Insatiable (/wiki/Insatiable_(TV_series)) , which she accused of fat-shaming (/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity) , [2] (#cite_note-2) gaining over 300,000 signatures. [3] (#cite_note-divingbell-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Given uses social media platforms, such as Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , to raise awareness of issues of sexuality, race and gender. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Given's first book, Women Don't Owe You Pretty (/wiki/Women_Don%27t_Owe_You_Pretty) , was published on 11 June 2020. It explores ideas in contemporary feminism (/wiki/Feminism) . [7] (#cite_note-Wonderland-7) [8] (#cite_note-Booklist_Cassell-8) Given's second book, Girl Crush , was published in August 2022. A fiction book, it follows the bisexual (/wiki/Bisexuality) woman Eartha after she goes viral on the internet. [9] (#cite_note-Observer_Aug22-9) It topped the Sunday Times Bestseller List. [10] (#cite_note-Cosmo_Oct22-10) Her podcast Exactly launched in January 2022. With guests including Munroe Bergdorf (/wiki/Munroe_Bergdorf) , Sofie Hagen (/wiki/Sofie_Hagen) and Jameela Jamil (/wiki/Jameela_Jamil) , Given discusses sex, relationships and social media. [9] (#cite_note-Observer_Aug22-9) [10] (#cite_note-Cosmo_Oct22-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) It won the gold award for Best Marketing Campaign at the 2022 British Podcast Awards (/wiki/British_Podcast_Awards) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Influences [ edit ] Given has cited model and activist Munroe Bergdorf (/wiki/Munroe_Bergdorf) and fashion writer Chidera Eggerue (/wiki/Chidera_Eggerue) as influences. [13] (#cite_note-13) Eggerue criticized Given's first book, Women Don't Owe You Pretty , as unusually similar to her own books in style and prose content. She argued that this was an instance of ideas from the black community being appropriated by white authors for profit. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Recognition [ edit ] Given won Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) ' s UK Influencer of the Year 2019 for her work on women's mental health. [3] (#cite_note-divingbell-3) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-:2-17) Irish magazine Her listed her among its Women of the Year 2019. [18] (#cite_note-18) Personal life [ edit ] Given attended Plymouth College of Art (/wiki/Plymouth_College_of_Art) from age 16 to 18 before moving from Plymouth (/wiki/Plymouth) to London (/wiki/London) in 2017 to study at the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) . [19] (#cite_note-Indy-19) She is bisexual (/wiki/Bisexuality) . [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Schofield, Blanca (10 August 2022). "Girlcrush by Florence Given review — the perils of Instagram feminism" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/girlcrush-by-florence-given-review-qwfddlhlv) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . Retrieved 29 May 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Petition to Cancel 'Insatiable' Gains Steam: 'This Series Will Cause Eating Disorders' (https://www.thewrap.com/petition-cancel-insatiable-gains-steam-series-will-cause-eating-disorders/) " (https://www.thewrap.com/petition-cancel-insatiable-gains-steam-series-will-cause-eating-disorders/) . TheWrap . 24 July 2018 . Retrieved 30 January 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Florence Given" (https://divingbellgroup.com/florence-given/) . Diving bell group . Retrieved 10 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "More than 100,000 signatures on petition to cancel Netflix show Insatiable" (https://www.ilkleygazette.co.uk/leisure/showbiz/16373536.more-than-100000-signatures-on-petition-to-cancel-netflix-show-insatiable/) . Ilkley Gazette . 24 July 2018 . Retrieved 28 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_5-0) Onwuemezi, Natasha (9 March 2018). "The Slumflower to write on 'aloneness' for Quadrille" (https://www.thebookseller.com/news/quadrille-signs-slumflower-loneliness-743191) . www.thebookseller.com . Retrieved 12 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Brewster, Amy (28 May 2019). "8 Epic Women Using Instagram In Inspiring Ways" (https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/g26760748/inspiring-women-to-follow-on-instagram/) . ELLE . Retrieved 28 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Wonderland_7-0) Galvao, Carol Abbott (24 June 2020). "Florence Given" (https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2020/06/24/florence-given-summer-2020-issue/) . Wonderland (/wiki/Wonderland_(magazine)) . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Booklist_Cassell_8-0) Chandler, Mark (25 September 2019). "Cassell bags influencer Given's 'accessible leap into feminism' (https://www.thebookseller.com/news/cassell-bags-influencer-givens-accessible-leap-feminism-1088076) " (https://www.thebookseller.com/news/cassell-bags-influencer-givens-accessible-leap-feminism-1088076) . The Bookseller (/wiki/The_Bookseller) . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Clark, Alex (7 August 2022). "Florence Given: 'People don't want you to break the mould... I needed to" (https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/07/florence-given-people-dont-want-you-to-break-the-mould-i-needed-to) . The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) . Retrieved 19 December 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bown, Chloe (14 October 2022). "Florence Given on why we need more 'messy' characters in books" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/worklife/careers/a41227787/florence-given-girlcrush/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved 19 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Geall, Lauren (January 2022). "Celebrity podcasts: 24 of the best series to listen to in 2022, from Meghan Markle to Dua Lipa" (https://www.stylist.co.uk/entertainment/podcasts/best-podcasts-with-celebrity-hosts/309661) . Stylist (/wiki/Stylist_(magazine)) . Retrieved 19 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "British Podcast Awards 2022 – full winners list announced" (https://radiotoday.co.uk/2022/07/23/british-podcast-awards-2022-full-winners-list-announced/) . Radio Today (/wiki/Radio_Today_(website)) . 23 July 2022 . Retrieved 19 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Reid, Madeline (30 November 2018). "Class of 2019: Get to Know the Year's Rising Stars" (https://www.phoenixmag.co.uk/article/class-of-2019-get-to-know-the-years-rising-stars/) . PHOENIX Magazine . Retrieved 28 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Young, Sarah (10 December 2020). "Chidera Eggerue accuses Florence Given of 'copying' her book: 'This is exactly how white supremacy works' (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/chidera-eggerue-florence-given-copy-book-instagram-b1769249.html) " (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/chidera-eggerue-florence-given-copy-book-instagram-b1769249.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Wray, Rebecca (18 December 2020). "From The Slumflower to Florence Given: why influencer books about feminism seem so similar" (https://theconversation.com/from-the-slumflower-to-florence-given-why-influencer-books-about-feminism-seem-so-similar-151938) . The Conversation (/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)) . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Get to Know Florence Given, an Artist Who Empowers Women" (https://glittermagrocks.com/connect/2019/10/21/get-to-know-florence-given-an-artist-who-empowers-women/) . Glitter Magazine . 21 October 2019 . Retrieved 27 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_17-0) Hampson, Laura (3 August 2019). "Meet Florence Given: the influencer telling women to dump their boyfriends" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/florence-given-interview-a4202211.html) . Evening Standard . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Her's Women of the Year 2019: From politics and culture to sport, we raise a glass to the female leaders who have inspired us this year" (https://www.her.ie/style/hers-women-of-the-year-2019-from-politics-and-culture-to-sport-we-raise-a-glass-to-the-female-leaders-who-have-inspired-us-this-year-493588) . Her.ie . 30 December 2019 . Retrieved 30 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Indy_19-0) Petter, Olivia (12 July 2019). "Meet Florence Given, the 20-year-old illustrator who wants you to 'dump him' (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/florence-given-interview-instagram-influencer-dump-him-illustrations-a9002236.html) " (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/florence-given-interview-instagram-influencer-dump-him-illustrations-a9002236.html) . The Independent . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Meet Florence Given: your local "bisexual feminist bitch" (https://hungermag.com/editorial/meet-florence-given-your-local-bisexual-feminist-bitch) " (https://hungermag.com/editorial/meet-florence-given-your-local-bisexual-feminist-bitch) . Hunger . 2 July 2020 . Retrieved 28 May 2024 . Further reading [ edit ] Shariff, Alysha; Wentworth-Smith, Antoinette (7 February 2018). "Girls, uninterrupted" (http://www.artefactmagazine.com/2018/02/07/girls-uninterrupted/) . Artefact . Retrieved 17 February 2020 . Radin, Sara (30 May 2019). "Meet 5 illustrators using their art to celebrate the beauty of being queer" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/kzmnxm/meet-5-illustrators-using-their-art-to-celebrate-the-beauty-of-being-queer) . i-D . Retrieved 17 February 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official web site (https://www.florencegiven.com/) Official Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/florencegiven/) YouTube interview as part of the Positive Chain series (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhamDaPk5CE) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/259159820932014000004) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/124344374X) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2021078624) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0274404&CON_LNG=ENG) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐qx6p8 Cached time: 20240623102342 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.472 seconds Real time usage: 0.612 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2690/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 47400/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1491/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 86422/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.323/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6991302/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 579.790 1 -total 31.66% 183.581 1 Template:Reflist 28.22% 163.604 1 Template:Infobox_person 27.71% 160.647 20 Template:Cite_web 18.02% 104.486 1 Template:Authority_control 14.75% 85.538 1 Template:Short_description 8.52% 49.402 19 Template:Main_other 8.22% 47.676 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.29% 42.263 2 Template:Pagetype 6.44% 37.322 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62489660-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623102342 and revision id 1226761378. 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This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. 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LGBT studies Wikipedia:WikiProject LGBT studies Template:WikiProject LGBT studies LGBT articles __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Frietjes-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Floating_ribbon-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-Frietjes-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z-Floating_ribbon"],"text":"Floating ribbon","linkableTitle":"Floating ribbon"} Floating ribbon [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Frietjes-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Floating_ribbon-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-Frietjes-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z-Floating_ribbon"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Frietjes-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z-Floating_ribbon","timestamp":"2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Frietjes-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Floating_ribbon-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-Frietjes-2014-08-25T18:25:00.000Z-Floating_ribbon"],"text":"Floating ribbon","linkableTitle":"Floating ribbon"} I removed the {{ LGBTR (/w/index.php?title=Template:LGBTR&action=edit&redlink=1) }} floating ribbon as it was causing issues in Drag king (/wiki/Drag_king) and other articles. the problem is that when you have two right floating elements, followed by a left floating elements, the left floating element cannot float any higher than the top of the last right floating element. hence, the ribbon pushes all left floating elements down to the top of the ribbon. 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British jewellery shopping channel This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jewellery_Maker) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Jewellery_Maker) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewellery_Maker&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jewellery_Maker) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Jewellery Maker" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jewellery+Maker%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jewellery+Maker%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jewellery+Maker%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jewellery+Maker%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jewellery+Maker%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jewellery+Maker%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Television channel Jewellery Maker Country United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Headquarters Warwickshire (/wiki/Warwickshire) Programming Picture format 576i (/wiki/576i) ( SDTV (/wiki/SDTV) 16:9 (/wiki/16:9) ) Ownership Owner The Gemporia Partnership History Launched 4 May 2010 Replaced Thomas Cook TV (/wiki/Thomas_Cook) (on Sky) Links Website www.jewellerymaker.com (http://www.jewellerymaker.com) Availability Terrestrial Freeview (UK) (/wiki/Freeview_(UK)) Channel 72 Jewellery Maker Channel 73 (HobbyMaker) Jewellery Maker is a British jewelry shopping channel (/wiki/Shopping_channel) launched on 4 May 2010 and is a sister channel of Sewing Quarter. The presentation and format of the channel are similar to the crafting channel Create & Craft (/wiki/Ideal_World) . Jewellery Maker is available on Freesat (/wiki/Freesat) , Freeview (/wiki/Freeview_(UK)) , Sky (/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)) , and online. The channel broadcasts live from 8 am to 10 pm and rebroadcasts the live shows during downtime. The channel's website live streams all programming. The website also provides video tutorials and workshops. With a staff of over 100 people, the channel operations and company are based at Ivy House in Studley (/wiki/Studley,_Warwickshire) , Warwickshire (/wiki/Warwickshire) . History [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewellery_Maker&action=edit&section=) . ( July 2010 ) Original logo used from launch until July 2010 Jewellery Maker was launched on 4 May 2010 after the Colorful Company Group purchased the Thomas Cook TV EPG slot on Sky (/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)) . For the first two months, the channel only broadcast pre-recorded shows. On 7 July 2010, Jewellery Maker started to broadcast live, due to the completion of the sale involving a rival channel Gems TV (/wiki/Gems_TV_(UK)) . Jewellery Maker used the former Rocks TV (/wiki/Rocks_TV) studio, after it moved into the former Gems TV 2 (/wiki/Gems_TV_(UK)) studio, following the acquisition of Gems TV UK Limited. On 10 August 2010, Jewellery Maker launched on Freesat (/wiki/Freesat) channel 807. On 8 September 2010, the channel also launched on Virgin Media (/wiki/Virgin_Media) channel 756, replacing Gems TV 2 (/wiki/Gems_TV_(UK)#Former_sister_channels) . On 1 January 2022, the channel was removed from Virgin Media, which the channel classified as a “Personal Decision” for its removal. [ citation needed ] In 2015 the Immediate Media Company (/wiki/Immediate_Media_Company) acquired Jewellery Maker from the Genuine Gemstone Company, adding to Immediate's Craft and Arts portfolio. [1] (#cite_note-1) Freeview [ edit ] Following the acquisition of a 24-hour Freeview (/wiki/Freeview_(UK)) slot for Gems TV (/wiki/Gems_TV_(UK)) in 2011, Jewellery Maker began to broadcast on Freeview channel 43 during its live hours (9 am - 1 pm), as Gems TV was broadcast as a teleshopping block on 5* (/wiki/5*) during this period; channel 43 relayed Gems TV between 1 pm and 9 am. The Late Show [ edit ] As of 1 March 2012, the channel also broadcasts live from 5 pm to 9 pm in what is billed as "The Late Show". As Gems TV was (and is) using Freeview 43 at these times, The Late Show was only broadcast on Jewellery Maker's dedicated satellite and cable channels. From the DTT platform at the start of November 2013, the shopping channel Marketplace (on Freeview channel 50) increased its broadcast hours to provide a round-the-clock shopping service, following the removal of the BT Sport (/wiki/BT_Sport) Preview promotional channel and the remaining Top Up TV (/wiki/Top_Up_TV) services. TGGC leased a four-hour programming block on this station to allow the Jewellery Maker Late Show to be simulcast. Marketplace is not broadcast as a channel on satellite or cable platforms. The cessation of Marketplace in February 2014 means Jewellery Maker has reverted to its prior day-show-only service on Freeview. HobbyMaker [ edit ] HobbyMaker is a sister channel to Jewellery Maker. [2] (#cite_note-2) It is broadcast on Freeview channel 73 and Virgin Media channel 754. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Immediate Media buys UK shopping channel Jewellery Maker" (https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2015/11/23/immediate-media-buys-uk-shopping-channel-jewellery-maker/) . Digital TV Europe . 23 November 2015 . Retrieved 6 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Freeview craft channel changes" (https://rxtvinfo.com/2022/freeview-craft-channel-changes) . 16 February 2022. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.jewellerymaker.com) v t e Immediate Media Company (/wiki/Immediate_Media_Company) , a subsidiary of Hubert Burda Media (/wiki/Hubert_Burda_Media) Alphablocks (/wiki/Alphablocks) Bob the Builder (/wiki/Bob_the_Builder) CBeebies (/wiki/CBeebies) Magazine BBC Countryfile (/wiki/Countryfile#Magazine) Cyclingnews.com (/wiki/Cyclingnews.com) Doctor Who Adventures (/wiki/Doctor_Who_Adventures) Easy Cook BBC Science Focus (/wiki/BBC_Science_Focus) Gardeners' World (/wiki/BBC_Gardeners%27_World) Gardens Illustrated Girl Talk (/wiki/Girl_Talk_(magazine)) Good Food BBC History (/wiki/BBC_History) Homes & Antiques Horrible Histories (/wiki/Horrible_Histories#Magazines) Jewellery Maker Lego Legends of Chima (/wiki/Lego_Legends_of_Chima) Lonely Planet (/wiki/Lonely_Planet) Traveller Match of the Day (/wiki/Match_of_the_Day#The_Magazine) Mike the Knight (/wiki/Mike_the_Knight) Mister Maker (/wiki/Mister_Maker) Mountain Biking UK (/wiki/Mountain_Biking_UK) Mr Men and Little Miss (/wiki/Mr._Men) BBC Music (/wiki/BBC_Music_Magazine) Octonauts (/wiki/Octonauts) Olive (/wiki/Olive_(magazine)) Peter Rabbit (/wiki/Peter_Rabbit_(TV_series)) Procycling (/wiki/Procycling) Radio Times (/wiki/Radio_Times) Something Special (/wiki/Something_Special_(TV_series)) Sky at Night (/wiki/BBC_Sky_at_Night) Top Gear (/wiki/Top_Gear_(magazine)) Top of the Pops (/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)) Tree Fu Tom (/wiki/Tree_Fu_Tom) Who Do You Think You Are? (/wiki/Who_Do_You_Think_You_Are%3F_(British_TV_series)) BBC Wildlife (/wiki/BBC_Wildlife) v t e Gemporia UK Channels Gems TV (/wiki/Gems_TV_(UK)) Jewellery Maker USA Channels Rocks TV (/wiki/Rocks_TV) German Channels Gems TV Germany (/wiki/Gems_TV_(Germany)) Former channels Gem Collector (/wiki/Gem_Collector) TGGC Outlet (/wiki/TGGC_Outlet) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐tvjqt Cached time: 20240714061855 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.351 seconds Real time usage: 0.484 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1723/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 68635/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11102/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35043/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.232/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4299042/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 437.305 1 -total 34.58% 151.241 4 Template:Ambox 20.79% 90.901 1 Template:Multiple_issues 20.71% 90.563 1 Template:Reflist 17.99% 78.654 2 Template:Navbox 17.89% 78.242 1 Template:Immediate_Media 17.17% 75.075 1 Template:Cite_news 16.46% 71.968 2 Template:Infobox 15.96% 69.791 2 Template:Short_description 12.88% 56.308 1 Template:Infobox_television_channel Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28058010-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714061855 and revision id 1229968830. 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American fashion designer Joy Kingston (December 6, 1922 – January 30, 2010) was a fashion designer. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri (/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri) . Kingston graduated from high school at the early age of 15, in June 1938. She subsequently studied at the University of Missouri (/wiki/University_of_Missouri) for one year, and then attended The University of Wisconsin (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin) beginning in 1939, where she majored in Art in the university's School of Home Economics. In her studies there, an emphasis existed on dress design and interior decoration, which influenced her aspirations for these occupations. Kingston also studied for one additional semester at the Kansas City Art Institute (/wiki/Kansas_City_Art_Institute) . References [ edit ] Hammond, Fay (October 24, 1949). "Pat Premo, Joy Kingston Show Cruise Week Togs" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-pat-premo-joy-kin/127983205/) . Los Angeles Times . pp. 37, 38 (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-pat-premo-joy-kin/127983248/) . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . Hammond, Fay (June 21, 1949). "Three Designers Display Fashions for Press Week" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-three-designers-di/127983443/) . Los Angeles Times . pp. 33, 34 (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-three-designers-di/127983494/) . Retrieved July 10, 2023 . Leave it to a California designer to ignore the traditional fall colors and develop her own--all to good purpose, too. That's exactly what Joy Kingston did in her collection of spectator sportswear titled, 'Woman About Town and Country'. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐kgjlh Cached time: 20240710184222 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.144 seconds Real time usage: 0.200 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 383/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6152/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 591/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5905/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.091/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3917278/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 190.579 1 -total 41.74% 79.555 2 Template:Cite_news 33.44% 63.724 1 Template:Short_description 19.11% 36.424 2 Template:Pagetype 10.67% 20.334 1 Template:Authority_control 7.89% 15.037 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates 7.71% 14.698 4 Template:Main_other 6.37% 12.148 1 Template:SDcat 6.02% 11.478 1 Template:Reflist 5.14% 9.796 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33466756-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710184222 and revision id 1164725519. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joy_Kingston&oldid=1164725519 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joy_Kingston&oldid=1164725519) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1922 births (/wiki/Category:1922_births) 2010 deaths (/wiki/Category:2010_deaths) Artists from Kansas City, Missouri (/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Kansas_City,_Missouri) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) American women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers) University of Missouri alumni (/wiki/Category:University_of_Missouri_alumni) University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni (/wiki/Category:University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_alumni) Kansas City Art Institute alumni (/wiki/Category:Kansas_City_Art_Institute_alumni) 21st-century American women (/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from July 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2023)
American actress and model Jane Forth (born March 4, 1953) [1] (#cite_note-1) is an American actress and model She is best known for having been one of the Warhol superstars (/wiki/Warhol_superstars) , starring in the films Trash (/wiki/Trash_(1970_film)) (1970) and L'Amour (/wiki/L%27Amour_(film)) (1972). [2] (#cite_note-2) She was also one of “Antonio’s Girls”, models and muses of fashion illustrator Antonio Lopez (/wiki/Antonio_Lopez_(illustrator)) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Early years [ edit ] In 1968, Forth and her family left St. Claire Shores (/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan) , Michigan, to go to New York. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) She lived with her mother, Rhea Forth, a data control analyst, in an apartment at Kips Bay Plaza (/wiki/Kips_Bay_Towers) . [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Her parents were separated and her father was an executive with Renault, Inc., in. New York. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) She had three siblings, Diane, Robert, and Beverly. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Forth briefly enrolled at a public junior high school before attending Quintano's School for Young Professionals, but she dropped out at the age of 15 to go to work as a salesgirl. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Career [ edit ] She began her career as a receptionist at Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) 's Factory (/wiki/The_Factory) in 1969. [6] (#cite_note-agn-6) Forth met Warhol through her first boyfriend, Jay Johnson (/wiki/Jay_Johnson_(model)) —the twin brother of Warhol’s longtime partner, Jed Johnson (/wiki/Jed_Johnson_(designer)) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Taken with her striking appearance, Warhol invited Forth to perform in Trash (/wiki/Trash_(1970_film)) (1970) with Joe Dallesandro (/wiki/Joe_Dallesandro) and Holly Woodlawn (/wiki/Holly_Woodlawn) . Despite her youth, Forth shined in the production. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Her unique look, involving plucked eyebrows, Wesson (/wiki/Wesson_cooking_oil) -oiled hair, pale skin, red cheeks, and bold lips, was pronounced the “New Now Face” in 1970. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Her look was inspired by classic Hollywood heroines, such as Myrna Loy (/wiki/Myrna_Loy) and Claudette Colbert (/wiki/Claudette_Colbert) , she styled herself in thrifted clothing from the 1930s and ‘40s. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Despite the praise she received for her look, Forth had a difficult time signing to a modeling agency due to her short stature. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Rapidly launched into the worlds of fashion and film, she became a protégé of fashion editor Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) , who helped promote her. [7] (#cite_note-7) Forth posed for Antonio Lopez’s fashion illustrations in the New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , Diane von Furstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) , and was photographed for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Harper’s Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Forth had just turned 17 years old when Jack Mitchell (/wiki/Jack_Mitchell_(photographer)) photographed her for a nude four-page photo spread for the April 1970 cover of After Dark (/wiki/After_Dark_(magazine)) magazine. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) In July 1970, Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) magazine ran a story on Forth. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) The youth and arrogance of then-teenaged Forth shows through her 1970 statement to Life : "When I’m home I’m yelling at my mother to iron my clothes, and when I’m out, I’m standing around yawning at all these fancy people." [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) She declared in the same interview that she bought dime-store make up and each of her “dress-up" faces only cost twenty-five cents, with her thrifted vintage dresses averaging a price of $12.50. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Forth appeared in the Factory film Women In Revolt (/wiki/Women_in_Revolt) (1971), she was cast in Warhol's next production, L'Amour (/wiki/L%27Amour_(film)) (1972) alongside fellow Warhol superstar Donna Jordan (/wiki/Donna_Jordan) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) After retiring from acting and modeling, Forth became a film and fashion industry make-up artist. [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] Forth was married to the English director of photography Oliver Wood (/wiki/Oliver_Wood_(cinematographer)) for 22 years, and they have two daughters. [6] (#cite_note-agn-6) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 1970 Trash (/wiki/Flesh_(1968_film)) Jane 1971 Women in Revolt (/wiki/Women_in_Revolt) Jane 1972 L'Amour (/wiki/Andy_Warhol%27s_Bad) Jane 1977 Andy Warhol's Bad (/wiki/Andy_Warhol%27s_Bad) Screaming Passer-by 1981 CBS Afternoon Playhouse (/wiki/CBS_Schoolbreak_Special#Afternoon_Playhouse_specials) Make-up artist 1981 The Prowler (/wiki/Night_of_the_Juggler) Make-up artist 1983 Cold Feet (/wiki/Cold_Feet_(1983_film)) Make-up artist References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Andy Warhol superstar Jane Forth on the Factory days (https://untitled-magazine.com/andy-warhol-superstar-jane-forth-on-the-factory-days-exclusive-interview/) , The Untitled Magazine, Retrieved 15 Jan 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Jane Forth: Warhol's Trashy 1970's It Girl (https://www.refinery29.com/trend-watch) , Refinery29, Retrieved 3 May 2016 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Jane Forth, ongoing exhibit. The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Just plain Jane" (https://books.google.com/books?id=h1UEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA55&dq=jane+forth+St.+Clair+Shores&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0ruHZ8JeHAxX5pokEHfkRDHUQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=jane%20forth%20St.%20Clair%20Shores&f=false) . Life : 54–57. July 1970. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Klemesrud, BY Judy (1970-05-11). "An Actress‐Model Who 'Has the Face of Now' (https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/11/archives/an-actressmodel-who-has-the-face-of-now.html) " (https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/11/archives/an-actressmodel-who-has-the-face-of-now.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2024-07-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jane Forth, Teenage Model & Warhol Superstar (https://agnautacouture.com/2015/09/20/jane-forth-teenage-model-warhol-superstar/) , AgnautaCouture, Retrieved 3 May 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Christy, Marian (1971-02-07). "Andy Warhol doesn't trust you" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-andy-warhol-doesnt-tru/150913369/) . The Boston Globe . pp. 76-A . Retrieved 2024-07-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Warhol, Andy; Hackett, Pat (1989). The Andy Warhol Diaries . New York, NY: Warner Books. p. 201. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-446-51426-2 Entry date: January 31, 1979 {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: postscript ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript) ) External links [ edit ] Jane Forth (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0287233/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/9145243767274441445) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwHkRq3q7F9gTpQWWkdQq) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6014379) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14178257s) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14178257s) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1137179570) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2017077859) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐rqpjf Cached time: 20240712133208 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.355 seconds Real time usage: 0.461 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 699/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13799/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 556/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24269/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4182191/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 422.318 1 -total 34.13% 144.138 1 Template:Reflist 28.88% 121.961 1 Template:Authority_control 23.66% 99.925 1 Template:Cite_journal 23.58% 99.590 1 Template:Short_description 14.56% 61.506 2 Template:Pagetype 10.35% 43.727 1 Template:IMDb_name 5.08% 21.463 4 Template:Main_other 4.37% 18.461 1 Template:SDcat 2.81% 11.856 2 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50397697-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712133208 and revision id 1233462091. 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(Redirected from Abhinandan moustache (/w/index.php?title=Abhinandan_moustache&redirect=no) ) Indian fighter pilot (born 1983) Group Captain (/wiki/Group_captain_(India)) Abhinandan Varthaman VrC (/wiki/Vir_Chakra) Varthaman in September 2018 Born ( 1983-06-21 ) June 21, 1983 (age 41) Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Tamil_Nadu) , India (/wiki/India) Allegiance India (/wiki/India) Service/ branch Indian Air Force (/wiki/Indian_Air_Force) Years of service 2004–present Rank Group Captain (/wiki/Group_captain_(India)) Service number (/wiki/Service_number) 27981 [1] (#cite_note-1) Battles/wars 2019 India–Pakistan standoff (/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff) 2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes (/wiki/2019_Jammu_and_Kashmir_airstrikes) ( POW ) Awards Vir Chakra (/wiki/Vir_Chakra) [2] (#cite_note-2) Group Captain (/wiki/Group_captain_(India)) Abhinandan Varthaman VrC (/wiki/Vir_Chakra) (born 21 June 1983) is an Indian Air Force (/wiki/Indian_Air_Force) fighter pilot (/wiki/Fighter_pilot) of Mig-21 (/wiki/Mig-21) Bison plane who on 27 February 2019 scrambled with F-16 (/wiki/F-16) & JF-17 (/wiki/JF-17) of Pakistan Air Force (/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force) 's (PAF) retaliatory airstrikes (/wiki/2019_Jammu_and_Kashmir_airstrikes) in Jammu and Kashmir (/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)) . He was awarded the Vir Chakra (/wiki/Vir_Chakra) by the Indian government. He was held captive when his plane was shot down inside Pakistani territory 7 km (4.3 miles) from LOC (/wiki/Line_of_Control) and repatriated on 1st March 2019. Career and personal life [ edit ] Abhinandan Varthaman was born on 21 June 1983 in a Tamil Jain (/wiki/Tamil_Jain) family. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Varthaman's family is from Thirupanamoor (/wiki/Thirupanamoor) , a village about 19 km (12 miles) from Kanchipuram (/wiki/Kanchipuram) . [5] (#cite_note-5) His father Simhakutty Varthaman is retired Air Marshal (/wiki/Air_marshal) (IAF), his wife Tanvi Marwaha is also a retired Squadron Leader (/wiki/Squadron_leader) (IAF) and his mother is a doctor. [6] (#cite_note-timesnownews.com-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Varthaman was educated at Sainik School, Amaravathinagar (/wiki/Sainik_School,_Amaravathinagar) . [6] (#cite_note-timesnownews.com-6) He graduated from the National Defence Academy (/wiki/National_Defence_Academy) and was commissioned into the combat (fighter) stream of the IAF as a flying officer (/wiki/Flying_officer) on 19 June 2004. [8] (#cite_note-8) He was trained at the IAF centres in Bathinda (/wiki/Bathinda) and Halwara (/wiki/Halwara) , promoted to flight lieutenant (/wiki/Flight_lieutenant) on 19 June 2006, [9] (#cite_note-9) and to squadron leader (/wiki/Squadron_leader) on 8 July 2010. [10] (#cite_note-10) Varthaman was a Su-30MKI (/wiki/Su-30MKI) fighter pilot before being assigned to the MiG-21 Bison (/wiki/MiG-21) squadron. [11] (#cite_note-auto2-11) He was promoted to wing commander (/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)) on 19 June 2017 [12] (#cite_note-12) and to group captain (/wiki/Group_captain_(India)) in November 2021. Varthaman is married and lives in Chennai. He and his wife have two children. [11] (#cite_note-auto2-11) [13] (#cite_note-13) Dogfight [ edit ] A MiG-21 (/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21) Bison of the Indian Air Force (/wiki/Indian_Air_Force) . On 27 February 2019, Varthaman was flying a MiG-21 (/wiki/MiG-21) as a part of a sortie (/wiki/Sortie) that was scrambled to intercept airstrikes in Jammu and Kashmir (/wiki/2019_Jammu_and_Kashmir_airstrikes) by Pakistan Air Force (/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force) . He lost communications with the IAF command and inadvertently crossed into Pakistani airspace during a dogfight (/wiki/Dogfight) that ensued, during which his aircraft was struck by a missile. Varthaman ejected and safely descended into the village of Horran in Pakistan-governed Azad Kashmir (/wiki/Azad_Kashmir) , approximately 7 km (4.3 miles) from the Line of Control (/wiki/Line_of_Control) . [14] (#cite_note-auto3-14) [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) Local villagers said Varthaman could be identified as an Indian pilot by the Indian flag (/wiki/Indian_flag) on his parachute (/wiki/Parachute) . [14] (#cite_note-auto3-14) Upon landing, Varthaman asked the villagers whether he was in India or Pakistan, to which a boy lied by saying "India". [14] (#cite_note-auto3-14) Varthaman reportedly chanted " Bharat Mata (/wiki/Bharat_Mata) ki Jay", to which the locals responded with " Pakistan Zindabad (/wiki/Pakistan_Zindabad) ". Then, he began firing warning shots. The villagers captured and manhandled Varthaman before he was rescued by the Pakistan Army (/wiki/Pakistan_Army) . [16] (#cite_note-auto-16) [15] (#cite_note-:0-15) Later that day, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (/wiki/Indian_Ministry_of_External_Affairs) confirmed an Indian pilot was missing in action (/wiki/Missing_in_action) after a MiG-21 Bison fighter aircraft was lost while engaging with Pakistani jets. [17] (#cite_note-17) [14] (#cite_note-auto3-14) [18] (#cite_note-18) A statement released by the IAF claimed that before the crash, Varthaman had shot down a PAF Lockheed Martin F-16 (/wiki/F-16) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) At a media briefing on 2 March 2019, nearly two days after the aerial engagement between PAF and IAF, the IAF displayed the parts of AIM-120 AMRAAM (/wiki/AMRAAM) missiles, which could be used only by the PAF's F-16. [22] (#cite_note-:1-22) The IAF also said they had identified the electronic signatures of the aircraft and confirmed that F-16 were used during the skirmish. [22] (#cite_note-:1-22) As claimed by Indian media, according to an agreement between the US and Pakistan, Pakistan is only allowed to use the F-16 against terrorists. [23] (#cite_note-23) However, Foreign Policy (/wiki/Foreign_Policy) magazine quoting an anonymous U.S. official stated that the agreement did not involve any such terms "limiting the use of the F-16s". [24] (#cite_note-Seligman-24) Scholarly analysis [25] (#cite_note-markey-asia-policy-balakot-25) and Pakistan's Inter-Services Public Relations (/wiki/Inter-Services_Public_Relations) Director General refuted the later claims and said F-16s had not been used in the incident. [26] (#cite_note-26) The US-based Foreign Policy magazine, quoting two anonymous US defence ministry (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) officials, reported in April 2019 that an audit didn't find any Pakistani F-16s missing, and that all jets were accounted for. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-WP-28) A day later, the US defence ministry (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) stated it was “not aware” of any investigation that was conducted to ascertain if Pakistan had lost an F-16 in a dogfight with Indian fighter jets on February 27. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) While the US defence ministry was unaware of the "F-16 count", the US State Department (/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State) distanced itself from the "F-16 count" news report, saying in response to a direct request to confirm or deny it, “As a matter of policy, the Department does not publicly comment on details of government-to-government agreements on end-use monitoring of US-origin defence articles.” and highlighted that “It is important to note that since January 2018, the United States government has suspended security assistance to Pakistan”. [32] (#cite_note-32) Repatriation [ edit ] Videos [ edit ] Videos and images released by Pakistani authorities showed Varthaman being rescued from a violent mob by Pakistani soldiers [33] (#cite_note-auto1-33) and being interrogated while tied and blindfolded with a bloody face. [16] (#cite_note-auto-16) [33] (#cite_note-auto1-33) Other videos showed him receiving first aid and being further interrogated over tea. [34] (#cite_note-34) [16] (#cite_note-auto-16) [33] (#cite_note-auto1-33) The media received a mixed reception; some commentators criticised the reports as a "vulgar display" while others praised the intervention of the Pakistani soldiers when Varthaman was in the hands of the mob and was being beaten. [33] (#cite_note-auto1-33) The release of the videos was suspected of being a violation of the Geneva Conventions (/wiki/Geneva_Conventions) and were deleted by Pakistani authorities after they went viral (/wiki/Viral_video) . [35] (#cite_note-35) Experts gave different opinions about the validity of the Geneva Conventions in this case. [36] (#cite_note-36) Subsequent Development [ edit ] Wagah border On 28 February 2019, Imran Khan (/wiki/Imran_Khan) , the prime minister of Pakistan (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan) , announced at a joint sitting of the Parliament of Pakistan (/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan) , that the government had decided to release Varthaman the next day as a "gesture of peace". If some news sources are to be believed, "India and Pakistan came perilously close to firing missiles at each other on February 27, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi (/wiki/Narendra_Modi) deciding to up the ante after the capture of MiG-21 Bison pilot Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman by Pakistan, and Research and Analysis Wing (/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing) secretary Anil Dhasmana (/wiki/Anil_Dhasmana) communicating to his Pakistan counterpart Inter Services Intelligence (/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence) chief Lieutenant General Asim Munir (/wiki/Asim_Munir_(general)) that there would be an escalation in the Indian offensive if the pilot was harmed." [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Shah Mehmood Qureshi (/wiki/Shah_Mehmood_Qureshi) , the Foreign Minister of Pakistan (/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)) , said his government announced the release of the IAF Wing Commander out of a desire for peace and that there was no compulsion or pressure on Pakistan, as was implied by the Indian media. [39] (#cite_note-39) However, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) reported that several outside countries including United States and China had been urging Pakistan to release the Indian pilot to de-escalate the crisis. [16] (#cite_note-auto-16) Later in October 2020, an opposition leader, Ayaz Sadiq (/wiki/Ayaz_Sadiq) had claimed in the National Assembly of Pakistan (/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan) that Varthaman was released after Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi told a meeting of Pakistan's top leaders that India would attack Pakistan if Varthaman weren't released. Ayaz Sadiq faced flak from the Pakistani government and the public for making such statements. [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) Varthaman crossed the India–Pakistan border (/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border) at Wagah (/wiki/Wagah) on 1 March 2019. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-Captured-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-Peri-Hindu-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) At a rally, the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (/wiki/Narendra_Modi) welcomed Varthaman's release, saying the nation was proud of him. [50] (#cite_note-50) A demeaning video of Varthaman was released by the PAF to the Pakistani media hours before his release. IAF later said it had been filmed while Varthaman was under duress. [51] (#cite_note-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) A medical check-up upon his return located multiple bruises and a fractured rib but no 'significant injuries'. [55] (#cite_note-55) Varthaman said the Pakistani authorities did not physically torture him but subjected him to considerable "mental harassment". Pakistan said he was treated in accordance with the Geneva Conventions. [56] (#cite_note-56) Akhil Bharatiya Digambar Jain Mahasamiti (/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Digambar_Jain_Mahasamiti) chairperson Manidra Jain announced Varthaman would be awarded the Bhagwan Mahavir Ahimsa Puraskar on 17 April 2019, the date of Mahavir Jayanti (/wiki/Mahavir_Janma_Kalyanak) . [57] (#cite_note-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) In August that same year, he was presented with the Vir Chakra (/wiki/Vir_Chakra) gallantry award. [46] (#cite_note-Peri-Hindu-46) After the government's decision to release Varthaman was announced, a petition was filed before the Islamabad High Court (/wiki/Islamabad_High_Court) (IHC) seeking an injunction to stop the process but the court dismissed it on the same day. The petition argued Varthaman must be released only after the cessation of active hostilities, as per the Geneva Conventions, since the Indian pilot “was arrested when he was on a mission against Pakistan”. The petition was rejected by the Islamabad High Court, citing the consensus of the parliamentarians and that "When all the parliamentarians agree at a point...[a] debate over it is unnecessary". In addition the IHC Chief Justice Minallah also stated that the courts do not have the power to intervene in foreign affairs, according to a Supreme Court verdict in 2014. [59] (#cite_note-59) [60] (#cite_note-60) Legacy and honors [ edit ] Moustache style [ edit ] The Abhinandan Cut or the Varthaman style , popular in India Varthaman's style of moustache has become popular in India and is widely called the "Abhinandan cut" or the "Varthaman style". [61] (#cite_note-CNN_moustache-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) [63] (#cite_note-ndtv.com-63) [64] (#cite_note-64) [65] (#cite_note-:2-65) Actor Ranveer Singh (/wiki/Ranveer_Singh) 's barber, Darshan Yewalekar, has quoted saying that "the beard sported by the IAF pilot will soon be called India's very own Varthaman style." [65] (#cite_note-:2-65) The style is similar to a combination of gunslinger (/wiki/Gunslinger) moustaches and mutton chops (/wiki/Sideburns) worn by Franz Joseph I of Austria (/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria) . [63] (#cite_note-ndtv.com-63) It resembles the moustache worn by actor Suriya (/wiki/Suriya) in the Singam film series (/wiki/Singam_(film_series)) and Rajinikanth (/wiki/Rajinikanth) 's moustache in Petta (2019). [66] (#cite_note-66) A number of companies used the moustache in their advertisements. Dairy company Amul (/wiki/Amul) produced a video showing a young girl wearing an Abhinandan-shaped milk moustache (/wiki/Milk_moustache) . [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) The advertisement was posted on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) and received more than 170,000 views within 24 hours. [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) Pizza Hut (/wiki/Pizza_Hut) also posted a tweet showing the Abhinandan moustache on 3 March 2019. [71] (#cite_note-71) [72] (#cite_note-72) "The Tea is Fantastic" (internet meme) [ edit ] In 2019, after Abhinandhan was captured by Pakistani forces, a video of him taken by a soldier went viral in which he was seen being interrogated while drinking Pakistani tea (/wiki/Milk_Tea) . The interrogator asked him different questions about his health and how he was treated to which he acknowledged the humane treatment by the Pakistani military. The interrogator then asks if he was enjoying his tea, to which Abhinandan replied: "The tea is fantastic". This statement of Varthaman went viral and turned into an internet meme (/wiki/Internet_meme) in the Pakistani online community. [73] (#cite_note-73) [74] (#cite_note-74) Statue [ edit ] A statue of Varthaman along with the parts of the fuselage (/wiki/Fuselage) and tail (/wiki/Empennage) of his Mig-21 (/wiki/Mig-21) aircraft are on display in a gallery named Operation Swift Retort (/wiki/Operation_Swift_Retort) at the Pakistan Air Force Museum (/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Museum) in Karachi (/wiki/Karachi) , Pakistan. [75] (#cite_note-75) Awards and decorations [ edit ] Vir Chakra (/wiki/Vir_Chakra) Wound Medal (/wiki/Wound_Medal_(India)) General Service Medal (/wiki/General_Service_Medal_1947) Samanya Seva Medal (/wiki/Samanya_Seva_Medal) Special Service Medal (/wiki/Special_Service_Medal_(India)) Siachen Glacier Medal (/wiki/Siachen_Glacier_Medal) Sainya Seva Medal (/wiki/Sainya_Seva_Medal) High Altitude Service Medal (/wiki/High_Altitude_Medal) 75th Anniversary Independence Medal (/wiki/75th_Independence_Anniversary_Medal_(India)) 20 Years Long Service Medal (/wiki/Indian_military_decorations#Service_and_campaign_medals) 9 Years Long Service Medal (/wiki/Indian_military_decorations#Service_and_campaign_medals) See also [ edit ] 2019 Balakot airstrike (/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "#Abhinandan विंग कमांडर अभिनंदन के बारे में अब तक ये पता है" (https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-47389019) . BBC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190306081317/https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-47389019) from the original on 6 March 2019 . Retrieved 3 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Abhinandan to get Vir Chakra on Independence Day: Facts about India's 3rd highest gallantry award" (https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/abhinandan-to-get-vir-chakra-on-independence-day-facts-about-india-s-3rd-highest-gallantry-award-1580817-2019-08-14) . India Today (/wiki/India_Today) . 14 August 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-3) M, Kalyanaraman (5 April 2019). "Abhinandan's folk: Jains who are Tamils but don't eat onions" (https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/abhinandans-folk-jains-who-are-tamils-but-dont-eat-onions/) . The Federal . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) M, Kalyanaraman (5 April 2019). "Abhinandan's folk: Jains who are Tamils but don't eat onions" (https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/abhinandans-folk-jains-who-are-tamils-but-dont-eat-onions/) . The Federal . Retrieved 31 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman trained at IAF, Tambaram" (https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/280219/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-trained-at-iaf-tambaram.html) . Deccan Chronicle . 28 February 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044727/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/280219/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman-trained-at-iaf-tambaram.html) from the original on 6 March 2019 . Retrieved 2 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Pilot Abhinandan Profile, Family, All you need to know about IAF Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman" (https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327) . timesnownews.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190228174934/https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327) from the original on 28 February 2019 . Retrieved 1 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Cheers, Claps For Pilot Abhinandan Varthaman's Parents on Flight To Delhi" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthamans-parents-cheered-by-co-passengers-in-plane-as-they-arrive-to-rec-2000985) . NDTV (/wiki/NDTV) . 1 March 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190301214211/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/wing-commander-abhinandan-varthamans-parents-cheered-by-co-passengers-in-plane-as-they-arrive-to-rec-2000985) from the original on 1 March 2019 . Retrieved 1 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch)" (http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2006/W_39_2011_076.pdf) (PDF) . The Gazette of India (/wiki/The_Gazette_of_India) . 30 September 2006. p. 1371. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch)" (http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2008/W_26_2009_004.pdf) (PDF) . The Gazette of India (/wiki/The_Gazette_of_India) . 28 June 2008. p. 796. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch)" (http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2012/W_5_2012_169.pdf) (PDF) . The Gazette of India (/wiki/The_Gazette_of_India) . 4 February 2012. p. 119. ^ Jump up to: a b "Profile of a true HERO – All you need to know about Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman" (https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190228174934/https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/profile-of-a-true-hero-all-you-need-to-know-about-wing-commander-abhinandan-varthaman/374327) from the original on 28 February 2019 . Retrieved 1 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Air Branch)" (http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/216111.pdf) (PDF) . The Gazette of India (/wiki/The_Gazette_of_India) . 8 February 2020. p. 527. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Abhinandan Varthaman carries a legacy of courage, grace, valour" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhinandan-varthaman-family-legacy-courage-valour-wife-father-1468161-2019-03-01) . India Today (/wiki/India_Today) . 1 March 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024845/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/abhinandan-varthaman-family-legacy-courage-valour-wife-father-1468161-2019-03-01) from the original on 2 March 2019 . Retrieved 1 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Khan, M. Ilyas (1 March 2019). "Fighter pilot 'opened fire' before capture" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418) . BBC News . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013431/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47397418) from the original on 1 March 2019 . Retrieved 2 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Abhinandan raised slogans, tried to destroy documents just before being captured in Pak (BBC Hindi)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5k1geCvUMas) . 28 February 2019 – via YouTube. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Gettleman, Jeffrey (/wiki/Jeffrey_Gettleman) ; Raj, Suhasini (/wiki/Suhasini_Raj) (1 March 2019). "Pakistan Frees Indian Pilot Who Was Beaten by a Mob and Then Served Tea" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/world/asia/india-pakistan-plane-abhinandan-varthaman-india.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190301220828/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/world/asia/india-pakistan-plane-abhinandan-varthaman-india.html) from the original on 1 March 2019 . 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Retrieved 17 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-markey-asia-policy-balakot_25-0) Markey, Daniel (2022), "The Strategic Implications of India's Illiberalism and Democratic Erosion", Asia Policy , 17 (1), National Bureau of Asian Research: 77–105, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1353/asp.2022.0010 (https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fasp.2022.0010) , S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 246816912 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246816912) , The Modi government's public mischaracterizations of the February 2019 Balakot airstrike and subsequent air skirmishes, including subsequently debunked claims of a destroyed terrorist camp inside Pakistan and India's downing of a Pakistani F-16 jet, have already raised questions in the United States about New Delhi's credibility and communications strategy in the midst of an exceptionally dangerous regional context. ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Pakistan army refutes Indian claims of downing F-16; says Pakistan doesn't want war" (https://arynews.tv/en/dg-ispr-press-conference-indian-jets/) . 27 February 2019. 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The IAF responded last week by releasing "irrefutable" evidence — including electronic signatures and radio transcripts — that Pakistan lost a fighter jet during the February aerial combat. A number of U.S. and Indian defense analysts called the evidence circumstantial... The Pentagon, like the State Department, has yet to issue a public statement on the F-16 count, but there have been no counter-leaks contradicting the Foreign Policy report. ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Pentagon 'not aware' on Pak F-16 count after Feb aerial dogfight with IAF" (https://www.asianage.com/world/americas/060419/pentagon-not-aware-on-pak-f-16-count-after-feb-aerial-dogfight-with-iaf.html) . The Asian Age . 6 April 2019 . Retrieved 18 November 2022 . Washington: The United States defence department on Friday said it was "not aware" of any investigation that was conducted to ascertain if Pakistan had lost an F-16 in a fight with Indian fighter jets on February 27. 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Asian News International (/wiki/Asian_News_International) . 3 March 2019. ^ Jump up to: a b "Abhinandan Varthaman's Gunslinger Moustache Is All The Rage in India" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-air-force-pilot-abhinandan-varthamans-moustache-catches-up-men-queue-up-outside-salons-2001966) . NDTV . S Shobana. 3 March 2019 . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-64) "Bengaluru hairdresser gives 650 men 'Abhinandan' moustaches for free to honour IAF pilot" (https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/to-honour-iaf-pilot-abhinandan-varthaman-bengaluru-hairdresser-gives-abhinandan-moustache-for-free-5615218/) . The Indian Express . 7 March 2019 . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Want to look cool? Beard it like Abhinandan" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/want-to-look-cool-beard-it-like-abhinandan/articleshow/68251454.cms) . The Times of India . IANS (/wiki/IANS) . 4 March 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190304070155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/want-to-look-cool-beard-it-like-abhinandan/articleshow/68251454.cms) from the original on 4 March 2019 . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) "Abhinandan Varthaman's moustache may be the next styling sensation in India" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/abhinandan-varthaman-s-moustache-may-be-the-next-styling-sensation-in-india/story-SAw62oXo5UI6ZNZo8PsBWK.html) . Hindustan Times . IANS. 4 March 2019 . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) Suri, Manveena (4 March 2019). "Indian pilot returns home a hero and sparks mustache trend" (https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/04/india/india-pilot-moustache-intl/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-68) "Amul Pays Tribute to IAF Pilot Abhinandan's 'Mooch' in New Ad, Twitter Says it Will be Next Fashion Trend" (https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/amuls-tributes-abhinandans-mooch-in-new-ad-twitter-says-it-will-be-the-next-fashion-trend-2053863.html) . News18 . 3 March 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-69) "Amul Sets Twitter Abuzz With 'Mooch' Video, Pays Tribute to IAF Wing Commander Abhinandan" (https://www.india.com/buzz/amuls-new-mooch-video-advertisement-paying-tribute-to-iaf-wing-commander-abhinandan-breaks-internet-twitterati-declare-it-as-next-fashion-trend-3593620/) . India.com (/wiki/India.com) . 3 March 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190304133755/https://www.india.com/buzz/amuls-new-mooch-video-advertisement-paying-tribute-to-iaf-wing-commander-abhinandan-breaks-internet-twitterati-declare-it-as-next-fashion-trend-3593620/) from the original on 4 March 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-70) Das, Aninda (10 March 2019). "Mooch Appreciated: IAF pilot Abhinandan Varthaman's gunslinger moustache is now a rage on social media" (https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/mooch-appreciated-iaf-pilot-abhinandan-varthamans-gunslinger-moustache-is-now-a-rage-on-social-media/376424) . Times Now (/wiki/Times_Now) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190304180743/https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/mooch-appreciated-iaf-pilot-abhinandan-varthamans-gunslinger-moustache-is-now-a-rage-on-social-media/376424) from the original on 4 March 2019 . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) "Netizens divided over Pizza Hut offering free pizza to anyone named Abhinandan" (https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/pizza-hut-abhinandan-varthaman-pakistan-balakot-jem-indian-air-force-5610002/) . The Indian Express . 4 March 2019 . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) Nair, Sulekha (6 March 2019). "Pizza Hut turns Wing Commander Abhinandan's bravery into marketing gimmick: Insensitive and opportunistic, say brand specialists" (https://www.firstpost.com/business/pizza-hut-turns-wing-commander-abhinandans-bravery-into-marketing-gimmick-insensitive-and-opportunistic-say-brand-specialists-6200261.html) . Firstpost . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) "Video: Wing Commander Abhinandan says Pakistani Army treated him with respect" (https://www.dawn.com/news/1466413) . 27 February 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-74) "Three years on, Pakistanis wish Indians a happy tea day" (https://tribune.com.pk/story/2345503/three-years-on-pakistani-twitter-celebrates-a-happy-fantastic-tea-day) . 27 February 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-75) "Statue of Indian pilot Abhinandan installed in Karachi's PAF Museum" (https://www.dawn.com/news/1516292/) . Dawn . 13 November 2019. 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American fashion designer (born 1947) This article is about the fashion designer. For other people with the same name, see Zoran (/wiki/Zoran) . Zoran Born Zoran Ladicorbic 1947 (age 76–77) Serbia (/wiki/Serbia) , Yugoslavia (/wiki/Yugoslavia) Nationality American Label Zoran Awards Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) , 1982 Zoran Ladicorbic (born 1947), known as Zoran , is an American fashion designer who launched his business in 1976. [1] (#cite_note-fit-1) He is particularly known for extremely minimalist, understated garments following the American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) principle, in neutral colors (occasionally red, purple or blue) and high quality natural fabrics such as silk, linen and cashmere wool (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) . [1] (#cite_note-fit-1) [2] (#cite_note-menkes-2) [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) His clothes have been described as " Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) for the very rich", [4] (#cite_note-horyn-4) and as "revolutionary" due to being designed without "built-in obsolescence (/wiki/Obsolescence) ". [5] (#cite_note-morris-5) Early life [ edit ] Born in the Banat (/wiki/Banat) in 1947, Zoran trained as an architect before migrating to the United States in 1972 where he worked in clothing retail and as an accessory designer for Scott Barrie (/w/index.php?title=Scott_Barrie_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) before launching his label. [6] (#cite_note-taryn-6) In 1983, Zoran stated that he considered himself an American. [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) Fashion [ edit ] Zoran's first collection, produced in 1976, offered five simple, one-size-fits-all designs made in white or black crepe-de-chine (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) ; all he could afford at the time. [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) This collection, named "Five Easy Pieces", was sold through Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) , where it sold out quickly, leading to increasingly larger orders. [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) [7] (#cite_note-packs-7) In 1982, Zoran offered some of his garments in cotton knit for summer, which enabled a wider range of customers to afford them, and also produced velour (/wiki/Velour) resort wear (/wiki/Resort_wear) which could be worn both on the beach and for formal occasions. [8] (#cite_note-trends-8) Zoran received his first Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) nomination in 1980, [9] (#cite_note-9) but did not win until 1982, when he was awarded a Special Award for menswear separates. [10] (#cite_note-10) He was also shortlisted for the Coty in 1983, but declined his nomination. [11] (#cite_note-11) By 1983 Zoran's name had become a byword for clothing that reflected his minimalist purity of line. [12] (#cite_note-12) He was based in Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) , rather than in the Seventh Avenue (/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)) , the focus of New York's garment industry. [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) Also in 1983, with the exception of Barneys (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) , Zoran pulled his clothes from sale through the major American stores, [2] (#cite_note-menkes-2) and opened his first shop in Washington D.C. (/wiki/Washington_D.C.) [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) Whilst also selling clothes through the London boutique Browns (/wiki/Browns_(fashion_boutique)) , he also chose to focus on private clients such as Queen Noor of Jordan (/wiki/Queen_Noor_of_Jordan) , Isabella Rossellini (/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini) and Lauren Hutton (/wiki/Lauren_Hutton) . [2] (#cite_note-menkes-2) By 1999, he was again selling through department stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) . [4] (#cite_note-horyn-4) In 1993, Zoran described his approach to fashion as "simplicity in fabric and way of cut. You cannot produce complicated clothes or spend 10 days making a dress. Mine is all done by scaling measurements. I use the body as the land, as when building a house." [2] (#cite_note-menkes-2) Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) described his work at the time as based on loose and easy fits, playing only with proportion, color and texture, such as lining chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) with lamé (/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)) , or pairing velvet with alpaca (/wiki/Alpaca_fiber) . [2] (#cite_note-menkes-2) Although his clothes were extremely expensive and the designer refused to allow them to be reduced in price, they consistently sold well. [1] (#cite_note-fit-1) In 1999, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) noted that wholesale revenues of Zoran were probably around the $25 million mark; with profit margins equivalent to those of Armani (/wiki/Armani) . [4] (#cite_note-horyn-4) Philip B. Miller, the then chairman of Saks, declared that Zoran was ranked "at the very top". [4] (#cite_note-horyn-4) While regularly referred to as "reclusive and recalcitrant", [2] (#cite_note-menkes-2) and as someone maintaining a "low profile", [4] (#cite_note-horyn-4) Zoran is noted for his strong opinions. In 1983, he declared that the only jewelry a woman should wear with his clothing should be her children or her husband. [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) In the same interview, when asked what designers he admired, alongside Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , he declared Chairman Mao Zedong (/wiki/Mao_Zedong) 's wife, Jiang Qing (/wiki/Jiang_Qing) "the ultimate designer, the designer of the century", for having helped create the uniform (/wiki/Mao_suit) worn by a billion Chinese. [3] (#cite_note-nyt83-3) In 1993, he told Menkes, "Clothes should never touch the body," declaring that only prostitutes wore tight clothing. [2] (#cite_note-menkes-2) Zoran's clients have recalled being advised not to wear make-up or painted toenails with his clothing, with Gloria Vanderbilt (/wiki/Gloria_Vanderbilt) describing how when the designer saw her wearing an Armani suit at a book reading, he promptly covered her outfit with one of his own chiffon stoles. [13] (#cite_note-horyn2-13) Zoran relied on the loyalty of his customer base and the high quality of his deliberately logo-free clothing for his success, notably avoiding publicity, advertising, and licensing deals for his name. [13] (#cite_note-horyn2-13) He rarely held fashion shows. [14] (#cite_note-14) In the early 2000s he withdrew from traditional retail and as of 2014, is believed to currently work on a private basis for individual clients. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Staff writer. "Biography of Zoran" (http://fashionmuseum.fitnyc.edu/view/people/asitem/items$0040:3313/) . The Museum at FIT . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Menkes, Suzy (28 September 1993). "Simply Modern:Contrasting Looks at Luxury for the 1990s" (https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/28/style/28iht-zoran.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Morris, Bernardine (4 January 1983). "Zoran and Kamali: Success with the Offbeat" (https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/04/style/zoran-and-kamali-success-with-the-offbeat.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Horyn, Cathy (20 April 1999). "Reviews/Fashion; Zoran, the Master of Deluxe Minimalism, Still Provokes (page 1)" (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/20/style/reviews-fashion-zoran-the-master-of-deluxe-minimalism-still-provokes.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-morris_5-0) Morris, Bernardine (6 March 1984). "Two views of spring-summer fashions" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B04E7DC1539F935A35750C0A962948260) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-taryn_6-0) Benbow-Pfalzgraf, Taryn, ed. (2002). Contemporary fashion (2 ed.). Detroit: St. James Press. p. 728. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781558623484 . ^ (#cite_ref-packs_7-0) Nadelson, Reggie (30 March 2010). "Zoran Packs" (http://www.departures.com/fashion/dress-code/zoran-packs) . Departures . Time Inc . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-trends_8-0) Morris, Bernardine (11 October 1982). "Minimalist clothing is setting new trends in many fashions" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19821011&id=L6VPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wSQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1801,5727025) . The Times-News . New York Times News Service . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Staff writer (5 June 1980). "Coty Names Fashion Award Nominees" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1961&dat=19800605&id=PvstAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jowFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3820,3990596) . Palm Beach Daily News . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Staff writer (24 May 1982). "People in the News: Fashion Designers" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=266&dat=19820524&id=0vYrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Hm0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4465,3425544) . Kentucky New Era . New York Associated Press . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Monget, Karyn (28 July 1983). "Summer's High Style: Designers Hard at Work" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1961&dat=19830728&id=yshVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=m0ANAAAAIBAJ&pg=1369,611301) . Palm Beach Daily News . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Buck, Genevieve (22 March 1983). "Is this the Year Dresses Come Back?" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19830322&id=73BPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=swIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3566,6985181) . Toledo Blade . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Horyn, Cathy (20 April 1999). "Reviews/Fashion; Zoran, the Master of Deluxe Minimalism, Still Provokes (page 2)" (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/20/style/reviews-fashion-zoran-the-master-of-deluxe-minimalism-still-provokes.html?pagewanted=2) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Givhan, Robin (11 September 2001). "The Where Of Womenswear; In New York, a Palette of Varied Venues" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402063146/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-466373.html) . The Washington Post . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-466373.html) on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 2 March 2015 – via Highbeam. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Sherman, Lauren (8 November 2014). "10 Famous Fashion Designers Living in Obscurity" (https://www.yahoo.com/style/10-famous-fashion-designers-living-c1415487569091/photo-zoran-photo-1415487527184.html) . Yahoo! Style . Retrieved 2 March 2015 . In the 2000s, Zoran retreated from traditional retailers, focusing on his private clientele instead. It's thought that he's still designing for those devoted clients. v t e American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) 20th century sportswear designers Adri (/wiki/Adrienne_Steckling-Coen) Bill Atkinson (/wiki/Bill_Atkinson_(designer)) Louella Ballerino (/wiki/Louella_Ballerino) Jhane Barnes (/wiki/Jhane_Barnes) Geoffrey Beene (/wiki/Geoffrey_Beene) Tom Brigance (/wiki/Tom_Brigance) Donald Brooks (/wiki/Donald_Brooks) Stephen Burrows (/wiki/Stephen_Burrows_(designer)) Jeanne Campbell (/wiki/Jeanne_S._Campbell) Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_(designer)) Liz Claiborne (/wiki/Liz_Claiborne) Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) Anne Fogarty (/wiki/Anne_Fogarty) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Rudi Gernreich (/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich) Halston (/wiki/Halston) Elizabeth Hawes (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawes) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Norma Kamali (/wiki/Norma_Kamali) Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) Muriel King (/wiki/Muriel_King) Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) Tina Leser (/wiki/Tina_Leser) Vera Maxwell (/wiki/Vera_Maxwell) Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Clare Potter (/wiki/Clare_Potter) Clovis Ruffin (/wiki/Clovis_Ruffin) Giorgio di Sant' Angelo (/wiki/Giorgio_di_Sant%27_Angelo) Carolyn Schnurer (/wiki/Carolyn_Schnurer) Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) John Weitz (/wiki/John_Weitz) Emily Wilkens (/wiki/Emily_Wilkens) Sydney Wragge (/wiki/Sydney_Wragge) Zoran 21st century sportswear designers Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) Mary Ping (/wiki/Mary_Ping) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) Behnaz Sarafpour (/wiki/Behnaz_Sarafpour) Notable designs Popover (dress) (/wiki/Popover_(dress)) Wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Other associated people Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) Dorothy Shaver (/wiki/Dorothy_Shaver) See also The American Look (/wiki/American_Look_(fashion_movement)) Clothing terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) History of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐lkgsq Cached time: 20240712180151 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.615 seconds Real time usage: 1.011 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2399/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41395/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1057/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 69706/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.407/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6541214/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 956.736 1 -total 33.51% 320.560 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 30.39% 290.762 1 Template:Reflist 17.48% 167.215 2 Template:Cite_web 15.42% 147.542 1 Template:Short_description 12.09% 115.699 1 Template:American_sportswear 11.74% 112.300 1 Template:Navbox 10.38% 99.356 17 Template:Main_other 8.46% 80.985 1 Template:Wikidata_image 8.10% 77.504 12 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45550004-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712180151 and revision id 1182850688. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoran_(designer)&oldid=1182850688 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoran_(designer)&oldid=1182850688) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1947 births (/wiki/Category:1947_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) Yugoslav emigrants to the United States (/wiki/Category:Yugoslav_emigrants_to_the_United_States) Yugoslav artists (/wiki/Category:Yugoslav_artists) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
American clothing brand Seventy Two Changes Product type Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Owner Truth & Pride LLC Country United States Introduced 2009 ; 15 years ago ( 2009 ) Discontinued 2011 ; 13 years ago ( 2011 ) Markets Asia North America Website seventytwochanges (http://seventytwochanges.com) .com (http://seventytwochanges.com) Seventy Two Changes was a fashion brand by New York-based fashion company Truth & Pride and Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai (/wiki/Jolin_Tsai) . The brand was founded in 2009 in New York City, United States and manufactured apparel (/wiki/Clothing) and fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) . The brand has been closed down in 2011 due to the differences in vision between shareholders in mainland China and United States. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] As CEO and founder of New York-based fashion company Truth & Pride, Ken Erman continued to evolve and expand global reach through his collaboration with Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai (/wiki/Jolin_Tsai) . Erman grew up around fashion. His family owns a large apparel company based out of Pennsylvania called Notations, and he spent several years cultivating an in-depth knowledge of the apparel business. In 2003, he collaborated with American singer Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) and created the fashion brand L.A.M.B. (/wiki/L.A.M.B.) In 2008, Erman and Brenda Lin, the president of Truth & Pride, met with Jolin Tsai in Taiwan and they shared the same creative vision. [3] (#cite_note-3) In February 2009, Tsai and Erman announced the release of a new fashion brand named after Tsai's 2003 album, Magic (/wiki/Magic_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) (also known as See My 72 Changes literally in Chinese), at SoHo (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) Showroom in Manhattan, New York City. The brand was debuted in July 2009 at Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) of 12 cities in the United States, including New York City, San Francisco, and Scottsdale (/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona) . In July 2009, Tsai made a guest appearance in connection with the Fall 2009 collection of her fashion brand at Nordstrom at the Westfield San Francisco Centre (/wiki/Westfield_San_Francisco_Centre) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In August 2009, the brand was introduced by Taiwanese department store Level 6ix into Taiwan, and the brand planned to introduced the brand into other areas, including China, Singapore, and Malaysia. [6] (#cite_note-6) In February 2010, Tsai made a second public appearance in collection with the Fall 2010 collection of the brand at SoHo (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) Showroom in Manhattan. In the same month, the brand opened its first boutique at Times Square in Shanghai, China, and it was sold in over 30 stores in North America and Asia. [7] (#cite_note-7) Seventy Two Changes sales have expanded from $100 million in 2009 to a predicted $400 million in 2010. [8] (#cite_note-8) In the following year, Tsai's contract with Truth & Pride ended, but Tsai had no intention to renew the agreement. Due to the differences in vision between shareholders of mainland China and United States, Tsai chose to quit the business and would like to start an online fashion store. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Haight, Sarah (2010-02-26). "Design Pop: A Taiwanese Celebrity's Brand Grows" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/design-pop-a-taiwanese-celebritys-brand-grows-2510905/) . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "One to Watch: Seventy Two Changes" (http://www.nbcnewyork.com/blogs/threadny/One-to-Watch-Seventy-Two-Changes-63573667.html) . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "ken erman \| Fashionable Fun : San Francisco" (http://www.fashionablefun.com/category/ken-erman/) . www.fashionablefun.com . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Jolin Tsai: Pop Tart" (http://blog.sfgate.com/chronstyle/2009/07/23/jolin-tsai-pop-tart/) . 2009-07-23 . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Area, 7x7 Bay. "Fashion Alert: Taiwanese Pop-Star Jolin Tsai Debuts Fashion Line in SF" (http://www.7x7.com/fashion-alert-taiwanese-pop-star-jolin-tsai-debuts-fashion-line-in-sf-1779168271.html) . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "蔡依林自创品牌攻美国首批订单超百万美元图_文娱频道_新华网" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160828122802/http://ent.news.cn/2009-07/24/content_11763646.htm) . ent.news.cn . Archived from the original (http://ent.news.cn/2009-07/24/content_11763646.htm) on 2016-08-28 . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "蔡依林自创服装品牌"72变"进攻内地市场(图)_娱乐_凤凰网" (http://ent.ifeng.com/idolnews/hk/detail_2010_01/22/298090_0.shtml) . ent.ifeng.com . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "蔡依林服装品牌"72变"　一年赚97万" (http://www.zaobao.com/culture/entertainment/stars/story20100225-77241) . 2010-02-24 . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Jolin Tsai To Start An Online Fashion Store" (http://www.myfatpocket.com/gossips/jolin-tsai-to-start-an-online-fashion-store.html) . Retrieved 2016-08-28 . External links [ edit ] Seventy Two Changes (http://www.seventytwochanges.com) (closed) Truth and Pride (http://www.truthandpride.com) v t e Jolin Tsai (/wiki/Jolin_Tsai) Albums (/wiki/Jolin_Tsai_albums_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Jolin_Tsai) Singles (/wiki/Jolin_Tsai_singles_discography) Concerts (/wiki/List_of_Jolin_Tsai_concerts) Videos (/wiki/Jolin_Tsai_videography) Films (/wiki/Jolin_Tsai_filmography) Awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jolin_Tsai) Studio albums 1019 (/wiki/1019_(album)) Don't Stop (/wiki/Don%27t_Stop_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Show Your Love (/wiki/Show_Your_Love) Lucky Number (/wiki/Lucky_Number_(album)) Magic (/wiki/Magic_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Castle (/wiki/Castle_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) J-Game (/wiki/J-Game) Dancing Diva (/wiki/Dancing_Diva) Agent J (/wiki/Agent_J_(album)) Love Exercise (/wiki/Love_Exercise) Butterfly (/wiki/Butterfly_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Myself (/wiki/Myself_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Muse (/wiki/Muse_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Play (/wiki/Play_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Ugly Beauty (/wiki/Ugly_Beauty) Compilation albums Together (/wiki/Together_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Dance Collection (/wiki/Dance_Collection) The Age of Innocence (/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence_(album)) J9 (/wiki/J9_(album)) Born to Be a Star (/wiki/Born_to_Be_a_Star_(album)) J-Top (/wiki/J-Top) Dancing Forever (/wiki/Dancing_Forever) Favorite (/wiki/Favorite_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Final Wonderland (/wiki/Final_Wonderland) Jeneration (/wiki/Jeneration) Ultimate (/wiki/Ultimate_(Jolin_Tsai_album)) Live albums J1 Live Concert (/wiki/J1_Live_Concert) If You Think You Can, You Can! (/wiki/If_You_Think_You_Can,_You_Can!) Love & Live (/wiki/Love_%26_Live_(album)) Myself World Tour (/wiki/Myself_World_Tour_(album)) Play World Tour (/wiki/Play_World_Tour_(album)) Video albums 1019 I Can Concert (/wiki/1019_I_Can_Concert) Show Your Love Concert (/wiki/Show_Your_Love_Concert) Songs " I Know You're Feeling Blue (/wiki/I_Know_You%27re_Feeling_Blue) " " Dancing Diva (/wiki/Dancing_Diva_(song)) " " Marry Me Today (/wiki/Marry_Me_Today) " " Sun Will Never Set (/wiki/Sun_Will_Never_Set_(song)) " " Heartbeat of Taiwan (/wiki/Heartbeat_of_Taiwan) " " Play (/wiki/Play_(Jolin_Tsai_song)) " " The Great Artist (/wiki/The_Great_Artist_(song)) " " Womxnly (/wiki/Womxnly) " " Stars Align (/wiki/Stars_Align_(song)) " Concert tours J1 World Tour (/wiki/J1_World_Tour) Dancing Forever World Tour (/wiki/Dancing_Forever_World_Tour) Myself World Tour (/wiki/Myself_World_Tour) Play World Tour (/wiki/Play_World_Tour) Ugly Beauty World Tour (/wiki/Ugly_Beauty_World_Tour) Companies and brands Seventy Two Changes Eternal (/wiki/Eternal_(record_label)) Impact Philanthropy (/wiki/Philanthropy_of_Jolin_Tsai) Category (/wiki/Category:Jolin_Tsai) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐5564fbc95c‐tdbfg Cached time: 20240716063446 Cache expiry: 1358715 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.368 seconds Real time usage: 0.528 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1500/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 38188/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3776/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45183/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5027826/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 459.711 1 -total 30.42% 139.848 1 Template:Short_description 27.64% 127.077 1 Template:Reflist 25.46% 117.063 1 Template:Infobox_brand 24.48% 112.551 1 Template:Infobox 23.98% 110.242 9 Template:Cite_web 19.28% 88.617 6 Template:Main_other 18.72% 86.067 1 Template:SDcat 14.52% 66.746 1 Template:Jolin_Tsai 14.01% 64.421 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46577427-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716063446 and revision id 1122847317. 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American model Alison von Fürstenberg Born Alison Parker Kay Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Florida United States Occupation(s) Fashion designer, model Spouse Prince Alexander von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Prince_Alexander_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) ( m. 2020) Children Leon von Fürstenberg Vito von Fürstenberg Alison von Fürstenberg (née Alison Parker Kay ) is an American model and fashion designer. She is the second wife of Prince Alexander von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Prince_Alexander_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) . Biography [ edit ] Kay graduated from Columbia University in 2006. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2009 she modeled for a line of DVF (/wiki/Diane_von_Furstenberg) sunglasses and was one of the faces of the brand's 2010 Fall/Winter campaign. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2009 she became engaged to Prince Alexander von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Prince_Alexander_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) , the son of fashion designers Prince Egon von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Prince_Egon_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) and Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In September 2010 Kay debuted her loungewear line, Keep Me at New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In December 2010 she was involved in a sexting scandal with basketball player Reggie Miller (/wiki/Reggie_Miller) , whom she met at a market earlier that year. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The affair received national media attention. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) In July 2012 she gave birth to a son, Leon von Fürstenberg. She is the stepmother of Talita von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Talita_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In June 2020, Kay gave birth to her second son, Vito von Fürstenberg. [11] (#cite_note-11) [ unreliable source? ] On September 19, 2020, Kay's 36th birthday, she and von Furstenberg married. [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ali Kay LinkedIn profile" (https://www.linkedin.com/in/alikay/) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Yves Saint Laurent Named Top-Earning Dead Celebrity; Kate Moss Models Her Topshop Clothes Again" (https://www.thecut.com/2009/10/yves_saint_laurent_named_top-e.html) . The Cut . October 28, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Alex von Furstenberg and the Art of the Playboy Prank" (https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2009/08/alex-von-furstenberg-and-the-art-of-the-playboy-prank) . Vanity Fair . August 25, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Diane von Furstenberg's Future Daughter-in-Law Ali Kay To Show During New York Fashion Week" (http://www.fabsugar.com/Diane-von-Furstenberg-Future-Daughter--Law-Ali-Kay-Show-During-New-York-Fashion-Week-10886495) . POPSUGAR Fashion . September 8, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Bathing Beauty: Ali Kay – Beauty Banter" (https://beautybanter.com/bathing-beauty-ali-kay) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Meet The Future King Of IAC: Playboy, Prince Alexander Von Furstenberg" (https://www.businessinsider.com/alex-von-furstenberg-2010-12) . Business Insider . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Alex Von Furstenberg Must Be Pretty Pissed Off at His Fiancée Right About Now – Slideshow – Daily Intel" (http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2009/08/alex_von_furstenberg_must_be_p.html) . Intelligencer . August 12, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Ali Kay, the Woman at the Center of the Miller Vs. Von Furstenberg Battle" (http://www.zimbio.com/Ali+Kay/articles/wZIXyS5oQwh/Ali+Kay+Woman+Center+Miller+Vs+Von+Furstenberg) . Zimbio . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Alex von Furstenberg, Reggie Miller Trade Restraining Orders over Ali Kay Sexting" (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alex-von-furstenberg-reggie-miller-trade-restraining-orders-over-ali-kay-sexting/) . www.cbsnews.com . October 22, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kuczynski, Alex (February 7, 2019). "Diane and Talita von Furstenberg Turn an American Empire into a Family Dynasty" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a26016275/diane-von-furstenberg-talita-future-of-dvf-interview-march-2019/) . Town & Country . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Fontaine, Nicolas (June 19, 2020). "Naissance du prince Vito von Fürstenberg : un nouveau frère pour Talita, Tassilo et Leon" (https://histoiresroyales.fr/naissance-prince-vito-von-furstenberg/) . Histoires Royales (in French) . Retrieved June 19, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Diane von Furstenberg official Instagram" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/therealdvf/2401178750867003597) . September 19, 2020. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/CFSs1oXpNjN/) on December 26, 2021. 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Type of dress A strapless dress or top is a garment that stays put around the upper body without shoulder straps (/wiki/Shoulder_strap) or other visible means of support. It is usually supported by an internal corset (/wiki/Corset) and/or brassiere (/wiki/Brassiere) , with the tightness of the bodice preventing the dress from slipping out of position. [1] (#cite_note-met-1) History [ edit ] Actress Libby Holman (/wiki/Libby_Holman) in an early strapless dress (1930) 1930s to 1980s [ edit ] According to Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) and Harold Koda (/wiki/Harold_Koda) , the modern strapless dress first appeared in the 1930s, where it was popularised by designers such as Mainbocher (/wiki/Mainbocher) and from the late 1940s, Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) . [1] (#cite_note-met-1) The July 18, 1938, issue of Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) claimed that the "absolutely strapless, sleeveless evening dress" was a 1937–38 invention. [2] (#cite_note-life-2) However, that was predated in 1930 by the actress Libby Holman (/wiki/Libby_Holman) , who had been photographed in an apparently strapless dress that year. [3] (#cite_note-3) Holman became associated with the strapless dress and is regularly credited with inventing it, [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) or at least being one of its first high-profile wearers. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 1934, Mainbocher produced his first strapless gown, a black satin design which has been described as the first strapless evening dress. [8] (#cite_note-8) Along with Holman and Mainbocher, the heiress Brenda Frazier (/wiki/Brenda_Frazier) is also credited with popularising the style when she wore a strapless debutante dress (/wiki/Debutante_dress) for her debut (/wiki/Debutante) and famously appeared in it on the November 14, 1938, cover of Life . [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Rita Hayworth in Gilda (1946) Strapless dresses remained popular after the Second World War, with the style sometimes being described as the "naked look". [12] (#cite_note-palmer-12) One of the most famous strapless dresses of this period was the black satin gown (/wiki/Black_dress_of_Rita_Hayworth) worn by Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) for a song and dance routine in Gilda (/wiki/Gilda) . [13] (#cite_note-hal-13) Hayworth's performance demonstrated to viewers that strapless dresses could be secure enough to move around and dance in without risk of indecent exposure. [13] (#cite_note-hal-13) Despite this, more conservative customers might add shoulder straps to their new strapless dresses. [12] (#cite_note-palmer-12) The style was also problematic for those who objected to its perceived immodesty. During the 1940s and 1950s, Catholic campaigners in the United States protested against "immodest" clothing, including two-piece (/wiki/Bikini) and strapless swimsuits and dresses. [14] (#cite_note-jay-14) In 1954, the United States Army tried to ban Army wives and daughters in Germany from wearing shorts, jeans, and strapless dresses, "except at appropriate social functions." [15] (#cite_note-15) During the 1950s, notable strapless dress designers included Madame Grès (/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s) , whose flowing Grecian dresses were mounted upon custom-designed interior corsets by Alice Cadolle. [16] (#cite_note-16) In the 1970s, Halston (/wiki/Halston) designed an unstructured strapless dress. [17] (#cite_note-17) The knitted tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) was worn as a casual strapless option, [18] (#cite_note-18) and by the 1980s, strapless dresses were made in stretchy, elastic fabrics which did not require boning or interior structure. [19] (#cite_note-19) 1990s onwards [ edit ] Japanese bride wearing a strapless dress, 2010 In 2012, the strapless dress was described as the most widely requested style for Western wedding dresses. [20] (#cite_note-maggie-20) Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) is sometimes credited with introducing this style of bridal dress in the first decade of the 21st century, [20] (#cite_note-maggie-20) although strapless dresses were an increasingly valid option from the 1990s onwards with the growing popularity of formal civil weddings (/wiki/Civil_wedding) from the 1990s. [21] (#cite_note-clancy-21) [22] (#cite_note-woram-22) However, for religious weddings, strapless and shoulder-baring styles are potentially controversial, [21] (#cite_note-clancy-21) and despite the popularity of the strapless wedding dress it is considered by some to be a "rejection of the virginal ideal". [23] (#cite_note-23) The strapless dress is also a very popular style for red carpet fashion (/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion) . [13] (#cite_note-hal-13) Social and cultural context [ edit ] Since their introduction, strapless garments have proved problematic in many contexts. In the early 21st century, many schools and workplaces specifically forbid strapless garments as part of their dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) . An Adecco (/wiki/Adecco) survey published in The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) in 2012 indicated that 72% of Americans thought strapless tops were inappropriate office wear. [24] (#cite_note-24) Religious stances [ edit ] Strapless garments may be singled out for particular censure by preachers and clerics. In 2005, a Muslim cleric declared strapless garments "satanic", along with other revealing garments such as miniskirts (/wiki/Miniskirt) and see-through clothing (/wiki/See-through_clothing) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Spencer W. Kimball (/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball) , the 12th President (/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints) (LDS church), declared that strapless gowns were neither righteous nor approved, and that no Latter-day Saint woman should wear one at any time, [26] (#cite_note-26) while other Latter-day Saints declared them an "abomination in the sight of the Lord". [27] (#cite_note-27) Such views may not necessarily reflect those of the majority of their associated religion, although a rule of thumb is that strapless garments are only acceptable in religious contexts, such as Catholic churches or Jewish bat mitzvahs (/wiki/Bat_mitzvah) , if the shoulders and arms are covered. [28] (#cite_note-28) [ self-published source? ] [29] (#cite_note-29) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Martin, Richard; Koda, Harold (1996). Bare witness . New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 6. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780870998027 . ^ (#cite_ref-life_2-0) "Underthings for the Strapless Vogue" (https://books.google.com/books?id=nU8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33) . LIFE . 18 July 1938. p. 33 . Retrieved 18 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Lure of Libby Holman" (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/8/8b/20160929232743%21Libby-Holman-1930.jpg) . Theatre Magazine . May 1930. p. 57 . Retrieved 2016-09-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Scheper, Jeanne. "Libby Holman." (http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/holman-libby) Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. 1 March 2009. Jewish Women's Archive. (Viewed on March 25, 2013). ^ (#cite_ref-5) Casstevens, Frances H. (2006). Death in North Carolina's Piedmont : tales of murder, suicide and causes unknown . Charleston, SC: History Press. p. 74. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781596291966 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bowie, Angie (2002). Bisexuality . Harpenden, Herts: Pocket Essentials. p. 58. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781903047910 . Libby Holman was a Jewish American who invented the strapless gown and was a celebrated torch singer. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Waggoner, Susan (2001). Nightclub nights : art, legend and style, 1920-1960 . New York: Rizzoli. p. 18. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780847823314 . Then there was the scandalous Libby Holman, whose accomplishments ranged from challenging race and gender stereotypes to popularizing the strapless evening gown. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Steele, Valerie, ed. (2010). The Berg companion to fashion . Oxford: Berg. p. 492. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847885920 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Gourley, Catherine (2008). Rosie and Mrs. America : perceptions of women in the 1930s and 1940s . Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780822568049 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Ketchum, Richard M. (1989). The borrowed years, 1938-1941 : America on the way to war (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780394560113 . strapless. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The Glamour Girl Reached her Peak" (https://books.google.com/books?id=cE0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86) . LIFE . 25 November 1946 . Retrieved 18 March 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Palmer, Alexandra (2001). Couture & commerce : the transatlantic fashion trade in the 1950s . Vancouver: UBC Press [u.a.] p. 154. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780774808262 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Rubenstein, Hal (2012). 100 unforgettable dresses . New York: Harper Design. pp. 206–207. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780062198884 . ^ (#cite_ref-jay_14-0) Jay, Kathryn; Winston, Diane (2002). John M. Giggie (ed.). "In Vogue with Mary" - How Catholic Girls Created an Urban Market for Modesty; published in Faith in the market : religion and the rise of urban commercial culture . New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. pp. 177–198. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780813530994 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Wives Told to Dress in Good Taste" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FNJVAAAAIBAJ&pg=3488,4736627&dq) . The Age . 6 August 1954 . Retrieved 18 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Polan, Brenda; Tredre, Roger (2009). The Great Fashion Designers (English ed.). Oxford: Berg. pp. 69 (https://archive.org/details/greatfashiondesi0000pola/page/69) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847882271 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Polan, Brenda; Tredre, Roger (2009). The Great Fashion Designers (English ed.). Oxford: Berg. pp. 139 (https://archive.org/details/greatfashiondesi0000pola/page/139) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847882271 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Peterson, Amy T.; Ann Kellogg (2008). Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing through American History, 1900 to the Present . ABC-CLIO. p. 209. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0313043345 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-19) Steele, Valerie, ed. (2010). The Berg companion to fashion . Oxford: Berg. p. 266. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847885920 . ^ Jump up to: a b Daniels, Maggie; Carol Loveless (2012). Wedding Planning and Management . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781136349140 . ^ Jump up to: a b Steer, Deirdre Clancy (2009). The 1980s and 1990s . New York: Chelsea House. pp. 47–48. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781604133868 . ^ (#cite_ref-woram_22-0) Woram, Catherine (1993). Wedding dress style : the indispensable style-file for brides-to-be and designers . London: Apple. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781850764632 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Kohl, Martha (2011). I do : a cultural history of Montana weddings . Helena: Montana Historical Society Press. p. 74. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780980129229 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Kom, Melissa (20 July 2012). "What Not to Wear To Work" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191009125313/https://blogs.wsj.com/atwork/2012/07/20/work-wear-101-what-not-to-wear-to-work/) . The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original (https://blogs.wsj.com/atwork/2012/07/20/work-wear-101-what-not-to-wear-to-work/) on 9 October 2019 . Retrieved 18 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Devine, Miranda (24 April 2005). "Muslim cleric: women incite men's lust with 'satanic dress' (http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Muslim-cleric-women-incite-mens-lust-with-satanic-dress/2005/04/23/1114152362381.html) " (http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Muslim-cleric-women-incite-mens-lust-with-satanic-dress/2005/04/23/1114152362381.html) . The Sun-Herald . Retrieved 18 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Kimball, Spencer W. (1982). The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball, Twelfth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Bookcraft. p. 286. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780884944720 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Wiley, Robert Gottlieb & Peter (1984). America's saints : the rise of Mormon power . New York, NY: Putnam's. p. 199. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780399129247 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Copeman-Bryant, Callie (2007). A Marriage Made in Italy - Area Guide 3: Rome . Lulu.com. p. 7. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847530707 . [ self-published source ] ^ (#cite_ref-29) Reinharz, edited by Barbara Vinick & Shulamit (2011). Today I am a woman stories of bat mitzvah around the world . Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 18. 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The International Fragrance Association ( IFRA ) is the global representative body of the fragrance (/wiki/Fragrance) industry. It seeks to represent the collective interests of the industry and promote the safe use of fragrances through regulation. The association was founded in 1973 and has its head office in Geneva (/wiki/Geneva) , Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) , and its operations centre in Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) . As of October 2022, its membership includes seven multinational companies (/wiki/Multinational_corporation) (known as 'Regular Members') and 23 national associations. There are ten 'Supporting Members' from countries where and IFRA does not have a national association. IFRA is led by a president, Martina Bianchini, and by a board headed by its chairman, Hans Holger Gliewe. [1] (#cite_note-1) History [ edit ] In 2020, in response to the ongoing and increasing focus on sustainability (/wiki/Sustainability) in the beauty and fragrance (/wiki/Aroma_compound) sectors, IFRA, in association with the International Organization of the Flavor Industry (/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_of_the_Flavor_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1) (IOFI), launched the "IFRA-IOFI Sustainability Charter." [2] (#cite_note-2) Objectives and roles [ edit ] IFRA is the official self-regulatory (/wiki/Self-regulatory_organization) representative body of the fragrance (/wiki/Fragrance) industry worldwide. [3] (#cite_note-google1-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Its main purpose is to ensure the safety of fragrance materials through a dedicated science program. IFRA publishes a list of usage standards for fragrance materials, limiting or prohibiting the use of ingredients, based on the findings of the Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) , which gathers data regarding the safety of fragrance materials. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) IFRA Standards [ edit ] The most recent iteration of the IFRA standards was published in January 2022, integrating all foregoing standards up to and including the "50th Amendment." [8] (#cite_note-IFRA2022-8) Within the standards, included ingredients are prohibited (disallowed as a fragrance ingredient), restricted (allowed as fragrance ingredient only in prescribed quantities), or have accompanying specifications regarding their use (such ingredients are only allowed if they comply with specific criteria outlined in the Standard). Advocacy [ edit ] People and structure [ edit ] IFRA's day-to-day operations are led by its president. Since 2016, this role has been occupied by Martina Bianchini, heading a team of more than ten staff members based principally in Brussels. IFRA's main decision-making body is its Board, headed by the IFRA Chairman, Hans Holger Gliewe. The Board has twelve voting members: eight representing the Regular Members, and four regional representatives of national associations. IFRA's Treasurer is Julia Raquet of BASF (/wiki/BASF) . Industry criticism [ edit ] As discussed by Noy Thrupkaew, constantly evolving IFRA regulations have eliminated the mainstream use of certain perfume ingredients, resulting in perfumes being reformulated, with certain scents and advantageous chemical characteristics of banned substances proving difficult, if not impossible, to replicate. [9] (#cite_note-Noy-9) "Still, many fragrance creators view the IFRA and E.U. restrictions as a step too far, and one not necessarily in consumers’ best interest. Some wished both bodies had limited their rules to labeling requirements. That way consumers could make informed decisions on their own." [9] (#cite_note-Noy-9) Membership as of October 2022 [ edit ] Regular Members [ edit ] Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) Takasago (/wiki/Takasago_International_Corporation) BASF (/wiki/BASF) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) National Associations [ edit ] Argentine Chamber of Manufacturers of Aromatic Products (CAFEPA) Flavour & Fragrance Association of Australia & New Zealand (FFAANZ) Brazilian Association of the Essential Oils, Fragrances and Aromas Industries (ABIFRA) Bulgarian National Association Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics (BNAEOPC) Fragrance Creators Association (FCA; Canada) Fragrance Science & Advocacy Council (FSAC; Canada) Chilean Association of Flavors and Fragrances (ACHISAF) China Association of Flavor, Fragrance & Cosmetic Industries (CAFFCI) Chamber of the Flavor and Fragrance Industry (CISF; Colombia) National Union of Manufacturers of Aromatic Products (Prodarom; France) German Association of Fragrance Manufacturers (DVRH) Indonesian Flavor and Fragrance Association (AFFI) National Association of Fine Chemicals Companies and Specialist Sectors (AISPEC; Italy) Japan Flavor & Fragrance Materials Association (JFFMA) Korea Flavor & Fragrance Association (KFFA) National Association of Manufacturers of Aromatic Products (ANFPA; Mexico) Association of Fragrance & Flavoring Manufacturers (NEA; Netherlands) Flavor & Fragrance Association Singapore (FFAS) South African Association of the Flavour & Fragrance Industry (SAAFFI) Spanish Association of Fragrances and Food Aromas (AEFAA) Swiss Flavour and Fragrance Industry Association (SFFIA) Food Flavors and Fragrance Oils Manufacturers Association (AREP; Turkey) IFRA United Kingdom (IFRA UK) Fragrance Creators Association (FCA; USA) Fragrance Science & Advocacy Council (FASC; USA) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "New Chairman appointed in 2020" (https://www.perfumerflavorist.com/networking/news/people/IFRA-Appoints-Hans-Holger-Gliewe-Chairman-569538351.html) . 10 April 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "IFRA-IOFI launch sustainability charter" (https://www.perfumerflavorist.com/networking/news/company/IFRA-IOFI-Launch-New-Sustainability-Charter-571575551.html) . July 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-google1_3-0) Essential Chemistry for Aromatherapy . Elsevier Health Sciences. 2009. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0702037054 . Retrieved 10 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Husnu Can Baser, K.; Buchbauer, Gerhard (2009). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications . CRC Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781420063165 . Retrieved 10 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Connie Pitts (2003). Get a Whiff of This: Perfumes (Fragrances) – The Invisible Chemical Poisons . AuthorHouse. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781414008462 . Retrieved 10 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kurt Bauer; Dorothea Garbe; Horst Surburg (11 July 2008). Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials: Preparation, Properties and Uses . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783527612376 . Retrieved 10 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Karl Lintner (2009). Global Regulatory Issues for the Cosmetics Industry . Elsevier. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780815519645 . Retrieved 10 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-IFRA2022_8-0) The International Fragrance Association, The Complete IFRA Standards up to and including the 50th Amendment (https://ifrafragrance.org/docs/default-source/ifra-code-of-practice-and-standards/ifra-standards---50th-amendment/standards-compiled.pdf?sfvrsn=87deb890_4) , January 2022 (accessed October 30, 2022) ^ Jump up to: a b Thrupkaew, Noy. " A Big Stink in the World of Perfume (https://www.washingtonpost.com/magazine/2021/04/21/perfume-makers-raising-a-stink-over-new-safety-rules/) ," The Washington Post Magazine , April 21, 2021 External links [ edit ] The International Fragrance Association website (https://ifrafragrance.org) v t e Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Overview History (/wiki/History_of_perfume) List of perfumes (/wiki/List_of_perfumes) Types Solid perfume (/wiki/Solid_perfume) Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) Eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) Essential oils (/wiki/List_of_essential_oils) Pomander (/wiki/Pomander) Chypre (/wiki/Chypre) Fougère (/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re) Ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Plant sources (/wiki/Perfume#Plant_sources) including Herbal distillates (/wiki/Herbal_distillate) Animal sources (/wiki/Perfume#Animal_sources) Synthetic (/wiki/Aroma_compound) Science Aromachology (/wiki/Aromachology) Fragrance wheel (/wiki/Fragrance_wheel) Fragrance extraction (/wiki/Fragrance_extraction) Note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Scentography (/wiki/Scentography) Professions Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Organizations Fragrance Museum (/wiki/Fragrance_Museum) Fragrances of the World (/wiki/Fragrances_of_the_World) International Fragrance Association Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) Osmothèque (/wiki/Osmoth%C3%A8que) Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) Théâtre-Musée des Capucines (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Mus%C3%A9e_des_Capucines) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) People Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Ernest Daltroff (/wiki/Ernest_Daltroff) Michael Edwards (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(fragrance_expert)) Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) Jacques Guerlain (/wiki/Jacques_Guerlain) Adolph Goetting (/wiki/Adolph_Goetting) David H. McConnell (/wiki/David_H._McConnell) Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) Companies Avon Products (/wiki/Avon_Products) Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Frutarom (/wiki/Frutarom) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) Mane SA (/wiki/Mane_SA) Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group (/wiki/Sensient_Technologies) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) T. 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Catalan fashion designer (1947–2022) Antonio Miró in 2005 Antonio Miró (18 March 1947 – 3 February 2022) was a Spanish fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-1) Miró was born in Sabadell (/wiki/Sabadell) , Spain (/wiki/Francoist_Spain) . He designed the costumes for the 1979 Spanish drama Caniche (/w/index.php?title=Caniche_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1) and other films. [2] (#cite_note-FN-2) He launched his own fashion brand in 1979. [2] (#cite_note-FN-2) Miró also designed the costumes for the opening ceremony of the 1992 Summer Olympics (/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics) in Barcelona. [2] (#cite_note-FN-2) Miró died on 3 February 2022 in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) , Spain from a heart attack (/wiki/Heart_attack) , at the age of 74. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Roca, Mireya (3 February 2022). "Muere Toni Miró, icono de la moda catalana" (https://www.elperiodico.com/es/extra/20220203/toni-miro-muere-moda-catalana-74-anos-referente-diseno-13189295) . elperiodico . ^ Jump up to: a b c Alonso, Triana (4 February 2022). "Spanish designer Antonio Miró dies at the age of 74" (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/Spanish-designer-antonio-miro-dies-at-the-age-of-74,1375171.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 5 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Match, Paris. "Décès du couturier espagnol Antonio Miró" (https://www.parismatch.com/Vivre/Mode/Deces-du-couturier-espagnol-Antonio-Miro-1785809) . parismatch.com . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000121428557) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/88705795) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd89x9vkDBdBdvDWxKDbd) National Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1379222) Catalonia (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517509506706) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/13309541X) This Spanish biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Mir%C3%B3&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐zmkwk Cached time: 20240715013755 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.247 seconds Real time usage: 0.356 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 572/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15400/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 785/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20655/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.169/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4185342/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 319.736 1 -total 30.93% 98.905 1 Template:Reflist 29.16% 93.250 1 Template:Authority_control 24.80% 79.290 2 Template:Cite_web 22.60% 72.249 1 Template:Short_description 12.21% 39.051 2 Template:Pagetype 11.79% 37.702 1 Template:Spain-bio-stub 10.94% 34.967 1 Template:Asbox 6.98% 22.308 4 Template:Main_other 6.28% 20.085 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69980207-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715013755 and revision id 1232883424. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Miró&oldid=1232883424 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Miró&oldid=1232883424) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1947 births (/wiki/Category:1947_births) 2022 deaths (/wiki/Category:2022_deaths) Spanish fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Spanish_fashion_designers) Spanish costume designers (/wiki/Category:Spanish_costume_designers) People from Sabadell (/wiki/Category:People_from_Sabadell) Spanish people stubs (/wiki/Category:Spanish_people_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from February 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2022) Articles with ISNI identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_ISNI_identifiers) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_Entities_identifiers) Articles with BNE identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNE_identifiers) Articles with CANTICN identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_CANTICN_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
British fashion personality (born 1980) Lady Emily Compton Born Lady Emily Rose Compton 1980 (age 43–44) Noble family (/wiki/Nobility) Compton (/wiki/Marquess_of_Northampton) Spouse(s) Edward M. J. Horner Issue Avia Rose Horner Maximilian Spencer Horner Father Spencer Compton, 7th Marquess of Northampton (/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_7th_Marquess_of_Northampton) Mother Rosemary Hancock Occupation Stylist, magazine editor, model, jewellery designer Lady Emily Rose Compton (born 1980) is a British fashion stylist, magazine editor, jewellery designer, and model. Biography [ edit ] Compton was born in 1980 to Spencer Compton, 7th Marquess of Northampton (/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_7th_Marquess_of_Northampton) and his third wife, Rosemary Ashley Morritt Hancock. [1] (#cite_note-1) She is the third child and second daughter of the Lord Northampton. She grew up at Castle Ashby House (/wiki/Castle_Ashby_House) , her family's ancestral home in Northamptonshire (/wiki/Northamptonshire) . She attended Westonbirt School (/wiki/Westonbirt_School) . [2] (#cite_note-questia-2) After finishing school, she spent a gap year in South America (/wiki/South_America) before working at Ronnie Wood (/wiki/Ronnie_Wood) 's London gallery. While working in London, she was discovered by the photographer Koto Bolofo (/w/index.php?title=Koto_Bolofo&action=edit&redlink=1) . He photographed her for Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) at her family's castle. She was signed with Isis Management and studied under photographer Arthur Elgort (/wiki/Arthur_Elgort) . She has appeared in spreads in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , GQ (/wiki/GQ) , and Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-questia-2) She worked as a social editor, and later as a contributing editor, at Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) . [3] (#cite_note-asia-3) In 2019 she collaborated with Pragnell (/w/index.php?title=Pragnell&action=edit&redlink=1) and Olivia Buckingham (/wiki/Olivia_Buckingham) to create a jewellery line called Rockchic. [4] (#cite_note-4) [3] (#cite_note-asia-3) Personal life [ edit ] In 2002, she was in a relationship with singer Bryan Ferry (/wiki/Bryan_Ferry) of Roxy Music (/wiki/Roxy_Music) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Compton is married to British financier Edward Horner. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Walker, Tim (13 September 2013). " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/10305803/Mystic-Marquess-marries-yoga-teacher-with-keen-interest-in-sex-addiction.html) 'Mystic Marquess' marries yoga teacher with 'keen interest' in sex addiction" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/10305803/Mystic-Marquess-marries-yoga-teacher-with-keen-interest-in-sex-addiction.html) . www.telegraph.co.uk . ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://web.archive.org/web/20200216162948/https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1G1-99730211/leading-lady-leading-lady-emily-compton-was-only) "LEADING LADY; Leading Lady Emily Compton Was Only Talentspotted a Year Ago but She Is Already Turning Heads in the Modelling World. Here She Shows off Full-On Golden Glamour" by Williamson, Charlotte - The Evening Standard (London, England), April 4, 2003" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200216162948/https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1G1-99730211/leading-lady-leading-lady-emily-compton-was-only) . Archived from the original (https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1G1-99730211/leading-lady-leading-lady-emily-compton-was-only) on 16 February 2020 . Retrieved 16 February 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Law, Jocelyn (22 November 2019). "Stylists Lady Emily Compton And Olivia Buckingham Debut An Exclusive Jewellery Collection With Pragnell This November" (https://hk.asiatatler.com/style/society-stylists-lady-emily-compton-olivia-buckingham-debut-exclusive-jewellery-collection-pragnell) . Hong Kong Tatler . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Bennett, Olivia. "Lady Emily Compton and Olivia Buckingham collaborate with Pragnell" (https://www.tatler.com/article/pragnell-launch-collaboration-with-london-styling-duo) . Tatler . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Adams, Guy (12 August 2006). "Bryan Ferry: Back in style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070930192246/http://www.vivaroxymusic.com/reviews_2006_359.shtml) . The Independent . Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 – via Roxy Music - Interviews / Reviews. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "First public photo: Pippa and James" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/pippa-and-james-make-their-first-public-appearance-together-two-weeks-before-wedding/KHNTG47I6YQNAOKRTMIVUWYB5A/) . NZ Herald . 31 January 2024 . Retrieved 30 January 2024 . 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